From f5c2ccdde45bfa5648443a901b2ac397d532eceb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hiyouga Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2023 17:05:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] update dataset --- README.md | 1 + README_zh.md | 1 + data/dataset_info.json | 14 +- data/lima.json | 6417 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ data/refgpt_zh_50k_p1.json | 2370 ++++++------- data/refgpt_zh_50k_p2.json | 4086 +++++++++++------------ 6 files changed, 9659 insertions(+), 3230 deletions(-) create mode 100644 data/lima.json diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 675b0c7d..ec62a5a6 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ - [BELLE School Math 0.25M (zh)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BelleGroup/school_math_0.25M) - [BELLE Multiturn Chat 0.8M (zh)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BelleGroup/multiturn_chat_0.8M) - [Firefly 1.1M (zh)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/YeungNLP/firefly-train-1.1M) + - [LIMA (en)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/GAIR/lima) - [CodeAlpaca 20k (en)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sahil2801/CodeAlpaca-20k) - [Alpaca CoT (multilingual)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/QingyiSi/Alpaca-CoT) - [Web QA (zh)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/suolyer/webqa) diff --git a/README_zh.md b/README_zh.md index bb9236a4..abf674bc 100644 --- a/README_zh.md +++ b/README_zh.md @@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ - [BELLE School Math 0.25M (zh)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BelleGroup/school_math_0.25M) - [BELLE Multiturn Chat 0.8M (zh)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BelleGroup/multiturn_chat_0.8M) - [Firefly 1.1M (zh)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/YeungNLP/firefly-train-1.1M) + - [LIMA (en)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/GAIR/lima) - [CodeAlpaca 20k (en)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sahil2801/CodeAlpaca-20k) - [Alpaca CoT (multilingual)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/QingyiSi/Alpaca-CoT) - [Web QA (zh)](https://huggingface.co/datasets/suolyer/webqa) diff --git a/data/dataset_info.json b/data/dataset_info.json index f16d1d85..3a3b4e76 100644 --- a/data/dataset_info.json +++ b/data/dataset_info.json @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ }, "refgpt_zh_p1": { "file_name": "refgpt_zh_50k_p1.json", - "file_sha1": "995043a909eed6693f850a96fccb4d3803f3ea5e", + "file_sha1": "b40f4f4d0ffacd16da7c275b056d5b6670021752", "columns": { "prompt": "instruction", "query": "input", @@ -61,7 +61,17 @@ }, "refgpt_zh_p2": { "file_name": "refgpt_zh_50k_p2.json", - "file_sha1": "d9442d5c4541fe5489b5b571871fbe7595ee3809", + "file_sha1": "181f32b2c60264a29f81f59d3c76095793eae1b0", + "columns": { + "prompt": "instruction", + "query": "input", + "response": "output", + "history": "history" + } + }, + "lima": { + "file_name": "lima.json", + "file_sha1": "9db59f6b7007dc4b17529fc63379b9cd61640f37", "columns": { "prompt": "instruction", "query": "input", diff --git a/data/lima.json b/data/lima.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f7c72481 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/lima.json @@ -0,0 +1,6417 @@ +[ + { + "instruction": "Can brain cells move? By movement I mean long distance migration (preferably within the brain only).", + "input": "", + "output": "The question is relatively broad and one should take into account that the brain not only consists of neurons, but also glial cells (supportive cells) and pre-mitotic neuronal stem cells. Furthermore, as critical fellow-scientists have indicated, developmental stage is very important, as the developing embryonic brain is very different from the adult brain.\nHowever, after sifting through various publications, the answer to the question is actually remarkably simple: Yes, brain cells migrate.\nIn the adult brain glial cells migrate in the brain (Klämbt, 2009). Glial cells are involved in a myriad of functions, but a notable example of migrating glial cells are the oligodendrocytes that migrate relative long distances to find their target axons onto which they wrap themselves to form the insulating myelin sheath (Tsai and Miller, 2002).\nNeuronal stem cells migrate over long distances in response to injury (Imitola et al., 2004) and they migrate from specific stem-cell locations (e.g., hippocampus and subventricular zone) to other regions (Clarke, 2003).\nPost-mitotic, but non-differentiated neurons have been shown to migrate in the adult brain in fish (Scott et al., 2012), and in mammals and non-human primates as well (Sawada et al., 2011).\nNot surprisingly, glial cells, stem cells and neurons also migrate during embryonic development. Most notably, post-mitotic neurons destined to fulfill peripheral functions have to migrate over relatively long distances from the neural crest to their target locations (Neuroscience, 2nd ed, Neuronal Migration).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In our computer systems lecture we were introduced to the MIPS processor. It was (re)developed over the course of the term and has in fact been quite easy to understand. It uses a RISC design, that is its elementary commands are regularly encoded and there are only few of them in order to keep the wires simple.\nIt was mentioned that CISC follows a different philosophy. I looked briefly at the x86 instruction set and was shocked. I can not image how anyone would want to build a processor that uses so complex a command set!\nSo I figure there have to be good arguments why large portions of the processor market use CISC architectures. What are they? ", + "input": "", + "output": "There is a general historical trend.\nIn the olden days, memories were small, and so programs were perforce small. Also, compilers were not very smart, and many programs were written in assembler, so it was considered a good thing to be able to write a program using few instructions. Instruction pipelines were simple, and processors grabbed one instruction at a time to execute it. The machinery inside the processor was quite complex anyway; decoding instructions was not felt to be much of a burden. \nIn the 1970s, CPU and compiler designers realized that having such complex instructions was not so helpful after all. It was difficult to design processors in which those instructions were really efficient, and it was difficult to design compilers that really took advantage of these instructions. Chip area and compiler complexity was better spent on more generic pursuits such as more general-purpose registers. The Wikipedia article on RISC explains this in more detail.\nMIPS is the ultimate RISC architecture, which is why it's taught so often.\nThe x86 family is a bit different. It was originally a CISC architecture meant for systems with very small memory (no room for large instructions), and has undergone many successive versions. Today's x86 instruction set is not only complicated because it's CISC, but because it's really a 8088 with a 80386 with a Pentium possibly with an x86_64 processor.\nIn today's world, RISC and CISC are no longer the black-and-white distinction they might have been once. Most CPU architectures have evolved to different shades of grey.\nOn the RISC side, some modern MIPS variants have added multiplication and division instructions, with a non-uniform encoding. ARM processors have become more complex: many of them have a 16-bit instruction set called Thumb in addition to the “original” 32-bit instructions, not to mention Jazelle to execute JVM instructions on the CPU. Modern ARM processors also have SIMD instructions for multimedia applications: some complex instructions do pay after all.\nOn the CISC side, all recent processors are to some extent RISC inside. They have microcode to define all these complex macro instructions. The sheer complexity of the processor makes the design of each model take several years, even with a RISC design, what with the large number of components, with pipelining and predictive execution and whatnot.\nSo why do the fastest processors remain CISC outside? Part of it, in the case of the x86 (32-bit and 64-bit) family, is historical compatibility. But that's not the whole of it. In the early 2000s, Intel tried pushing the Itanium architecture. Itanium is an extreme case of complex instructions (not really CISC, though: its design has been dubbed EPIC). It even does away with the old-fashioned idea of executing instructions in sequence: all instructions are executed in parallel until the next barrier. One of the reasons Itanium didn't take is that nobody, whether at Intel or elsewhere, could write a decent compiler for it. Now a good old mostly-sequential processor like x86_64, that's something we understand.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "View tabular file such as CSV from command line, having horizontal and vertical scrolling would be great.", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure, please take a look at csvkit. It provides a set of tools that adhere to the UNIX philosophy (meaning they are small, simple, single-purposed and can be combined). \n\nHere is an example that extracts the ten most populated cities in Germany from the free Maxmind World Cities database and displays the result in a console-readable format:\n```$ csvgrep -e iso-8859-1 -c 1 -m \"de\" worldcitiespop | csvgrep -c 5 -r \"\\d+\"\n | csvsort -r -c 5 -l | csvcut -c 1,2,4,6 | head -n 11 | csvlook\n-----------------------------------------------------\n| line_number | Country | AccentCity | Population |\n-----------------------------------------------------\n| 1 | de | Berlin | 3398362 |\n| 2 | de | Hamburg | 1733846 |\n| 3 | de | Munich | 1246133 |\n| 4 | de | Cologne | 968823 |\n| 5 | de | Frankfurt | 648034 |\n| 6 | de | Dortmund | 594255 |\n| 7 | de | Stuttgart | 591688 |\n| 8 | de | Düsseldorf | 577139 |\n| 9 | de | Essen | 576914 |\n| 10 | de | Bremen | 546429 |\n-----------------------------------------------------\n```\n\nCsvkit is platform independent because it is written in Python. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Slater type orbitals (STO) are considered to be more accurate than gaussian type orbitals (GTO) for atomic and molecular QM calculations because - among other reasons - they decay with $e^{-\\alpha r}$ as $r \\to \\infty$. But GTOs are more popular because they are easier to calculate with. GTOs decay with $e^{-\\alpha r^2}$, so its adequate to sometimes add diffuse functions to the GTO basis set to compensate for gaussian decay behaviour.\nAlso, exact hydrogen wavefunctions decay exponentially, so the motivation for STOs.\nI understand that the only boundary requirement for solving the Schrödinger equation for atoms and molecules in free space is that the wavefunction goes zero as $r \\to \\infty$, but there are no a priori requirements for the way it decays as it does so.\nMy question is: do we have theoretical (ab initio) and/or experimental reasons to believe that all atomic and molecular wavefunctions decay like $e^{-\\alpha r}$ as $r \\to \\infty$.", + "input": "", + "output": "I'll answer this question from the theoretical side. The exponential behavior follows simply from the Schrödinger equation. Consider the one-electron Schrödinger equation:\n$$\n(-\\frac{1}{2}\\nabla^2 + V(\\mathbf{r}))\\psi(\\mathbf{r}) = \\epsilon\\psi(\\mathbf{r}), \\epsilon < 0\n$$\nAt spatial points that are very far away from the nucleus, $V(\\mathbf{r})\\approx 0$, so that the asymptotic solution is given by\n$$\n-\\frac{1}{2}\\nabla^2\\psi(\\mathbf{r}) = \\epsilon\\psi(\\mathbf{r}), \\epsilon < 0\n$$\nThis differential equation has basic solutions of the form\n$$\n\\psi(\\mathbf{r}) = Ce^{-\\sqrt{-2\\epsilon}\\mathbf{k}\\cdot\\mathbf{r}}\n$$\nfor some unit vector $\\mathbf{k}$. The real asymptotic behavior of $\\psi(\\mathbf{r})$ is thus a linear combination of these basic solutions. The linear combination may bring a polynomial prefactor to the exponential, but will never alter the exponent. Thus we have not only proved the exponential behavior, but also derived the correct exponent $\\alpha = \\sqrt{-2\\epsilon}$. For a multi-electronic, non-interacting system, the overall decay rate is governed by the slowest decaying orbital, i.e. the HOMO.\nOf course, the real wavefunction can only be described by a multi-electron Schrödinger equation. But we can work on the equivalent Kohn-Sham system and show that the Kohn-Sham wavefunction decays at a rate given by the Kohn-Sham HOMO energy. By Janak's theorem, the Kohn-Sham HOMO energy is just the negative of the ionization potential of the exact system. To see this, consider a huge ensemble of $N$ identical, non-interacting molecules. If we remove one electron from the ensemble and let the hole delocalize evenly between all the molecules, then as $N\\to +\\infty$, the electron removal has a negligible impact on the electron density of any molecule (and therefore the Kohn-Sham potential of each molecule). Therefore under the Kohn-Sham framework we see that removing such an electron costs an energy of $-\\epsilon_{\\mathrm{HOMO}}$ (it does not matter whether the HOMO refers to that of the ensemble or that of a molecule, since their orbital energies are equal), since the electron is taken from an energy level whose energy is $\\epsilon_{\\mathrm{HOMO}}$ and the Hamiltonian is not changed in this process. On the other hand, from the perspective of the real system it is clear that the energy cost is equal to the first ionization energy of one of the molecules, $I$. Therefore we have $\\epsilon_{\\mathrm{HOMO}} = -I$, which means that the Kohn-Sham wavefunction decays like (again up to a possible polynomial prefactor; the precise determination of this polynomial prefactor is a much more difficult question)\n$$\n\\psi(\\mathbf{r}) = Ce^{-\\sqrt{2I}\\mathbf{k}\\cdot\\mathbf{r}}\n$$\nAlthough the Kohn-Sham wavefunction is fictional, its density is equal to the true multielectronic density, and in order for the true density to have the same asymptotic behavior as the Kohn-Sham density, the true wavefunction must have the same asymptotic behavior as the Kohn-Sham wavefunction. Q.E.D.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Explain what \"git reset\" does. I come from a SVN background and Git is a whole new paradigm. I got mercurial easily, but Git is much more technical.\nI think ```git reset``` is close to ```hg revert```, but it seems there are differences. Please include detailed explanations about:\n\n* the options ```--hard```, ```--soft``` and ```--merge```;\n* the strange notation you use with ```HEAD``` such as ```HEAD^``` and ```HEAD~1```;\n* concrete use cases and work flows;\n* consequences on the working copy, the ```HEAD``` and your global stress level.", + "input": "", + "output": "Remember that in ```git``` you have:\n\n* the ```HEAD``` pointer, which tells you what commit you're working on\n* the working tree, which represents the state of the files on your system\n* the staging area (also called the index), which \"stages\" changes so that they can later be committed together\n\n\n> Please include detailed explanations about:\n ```--hard```, ```--soft``` and ```--merge```;\n\nIn increasing order of dangerous-ness:\n\n* ```--soft``` moves ```HEAD``` but doesn't touch the staging area or the working tree.\n* ```--mixed``` moves ```HEAD``` and updates the staging area, but not the working tree.\n* ```--merge``` moves ```HEAD```, resets the staging area, and tries to move all the changes in your working tree into the new working tree.\n* ```--hard``` moves ```HEAD``` and adjusts your staging area and working tree to the new ```HEAD```, throwing away everything.\n\n\n> concrete use cases and workflows;\n\n\n* Use ```--soft``` when you want to move to another commit and patch things up without \"losing your place\". It's pretty rare that you need this.\n\n```\n# git reset --soft example\ntouch foo // Add a file, make some changes.\ngit add foo //\ngit commit -m \"bad commit message\" // Commit... D'oh, that was a mistake!\ngit reset --soft HEAD^ // Go back one commit and fix things.\ngit commit -m \"good commit\" // There, now it's right.\n```\n--\n\n* Use ```--mixed``` (which is the default) when you want to see what things look like at another commit, but you don't want to lose any changes you already have.\n* Use ```--merge``` when you want to move to a new spot but incorporate the changes you already have into that the working tree.\n* Use ```--hard``` to wipe everything out and start a fresh slate at the new commit.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am looking to use Java to get the MD5 checksum of a file.\nHow is it done?", + "input": "", + "output": "The com.google.common.hash API offers:\n\n* A unified user-friendly API for all hash functions\n* Seedable 32- and 128-bit implementations of murmur3\n* md5(), sha1(), sha256(), sha512() adapters, change only one line of code to switch between these, and murmur.\n* goodFastHash(int bits), for when you don't care what algorithm you use\n* General utilities for HashCode instances, like combineOrdered / combineUnordered\n\nRead the User Guide (IO Explained, Hashing Explained). \nFor your use-case ```Files.hash()``` computes and returns the digest value for a file.\nFor example a sha-1 digest calculation (change SHA-1 to MD5 to get MD5 digest)\n```HashCode hc = Files.asByteSource(file).hash(Hashing.sha1());\n\"SHA-1: \" + hc.toString();\n```\nNote that crc32 is much faster than md5, so use crc32 if you do not need a cryptographically secure checksum. Note also that md5 should not be used to store passwords and the like since it is to easy to brute force, for passwords use bcrypt, scrypt or sha-256 instead. \nFor long term protection with hashes a Merkle signature scheme adds to the security and The Post Quantum Cryptography Study Group sponsored by the European Commission has recommended use of this cryptography for long term protection against quantum computers (ref).\nNote that crc32 has a higher collision rate than the others. \nWhat part of Files.hash as stated above does not cover Files.hash ?", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What are the primary objections Democrats have to a border wall?", + "input": "", + "output": "It's not clear to me that Democrats are opposed to border-wall construction (your one source suggests they are fine with border walls/fences where necessary), so much as they opposed to some of the plans for full-border walls that have been put forth so far.\nRecently, in response to reports that the spending bill would include funding for a border wall, 5 Democratic senators released a letter voicing concerns over the cost, the effectiveness, and the legal issues of constructing it.\n\nWe are also concerned with reports that there may be an effort to include funding for a very expensive new wall along the southern border with Mexico and a “deportation force.” According to non-partisan experts, the proposed new border wall could cost as much as $25 million per mile and raises considerable issues that have not been resolved by the Congress or the Department of Homeland Security. First, many experts believe that such a border wall will not work. Second, there is real concern that the Administration, put simply, has no plan to build the border wall. For example, the Administration has not detailed how to 1) use eminent domain and other procedures to acquire land from private landowners and Native American tribes, 2) design the wall, 3) locate the wall, 4) construct the wall, and 5) require Mexico to pay for the wall given the President’s clear and repeated promises that he would force Mexico to do so. Finally, there are objections to the construction of a wall from Democratic and Republican members of Congress that represent border states. Given these and other concerns, we believe it would be inappropriate to insist on the inclusion of such funding in a must-pass appropriations bill that is needed for the Republican majority in control of the Congress to avert a government shutdown so early in President Trump’s Administration.\n[...]\nSenator Charles Schumer\nSenator Richard Durbin\nSenator Patty Murray\nSenator Debbie Stabenow\nSenator Patrick Leahy\n\nBased on this letter, it appears their main objections to a full border wall are currently the cost-benefit ratio and the legal issues of taking land from Americans to build it on; objections that may not be unique to Democrats.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm converting a video to GIF file with ```ffmpeg```:\n```ffmpeg \\\n -i input.flv \\\n -ss 00:00:00.000 \\\n -pix_fmt rgb24 \\\n -r 10 \\\n -s 320x240 \\\n -t 00:00:10.000 \\\n output.gif\n```\nIt works great, but output gif file has a very low quality.\nAny ideas how can I improve quality of converted gif?", + "input": "", + "output": "If you would prefer to avoid intermediate image files, the commands provided by LordNeckBeard can be piped between ```ffmpeg``` and ImageMagick's ```convert``` so that no intermediate files are required:\n```ffmpeg -i input.flv -vf scale=320:-1 -r 10 -f image2pipe -vcodec ppm - | convert -delay 10 -loop 0 - output.gif\n```\nThe ```-f image2pipe``` tells ffmpeg to split the video into images and make it suitable to be piped out, and ```-vcodec ppm``` specifies the output format to be ppm (for some reason if the format is png, either ```convert``` does not read all the images from the pipe, or ffmpeg does not output them all). The ```-``` for both commands specifies that a pipe will be used for output and input respectively.\nTo optimize the result without saving a file, you can pipe the output from ```convert``` to a second ```convert``` command:\n```ffmpeg -i input.flv -vf scale=320:-1 -r 10 -f image2pipe -vcodec ppm - | convert -delay 10 -loop 0 - gif:- | convert -layers Optimize - output.gif\n```\nThe ```gif:-``` tells ```convert``` to pipe its output as gif formatted data and ```-layers Optimize``` tells the second ```convert``` to perform ```optimize-frame``` and ```optimize-transparancy``` methods (see the ImageMagick Introduction to Animation Optimization). Note that the output from the ```-layers Optimize``` may not always provide a smaller file size, so you may want to try converting to a gif without optimization first to be sure.\nRemember that during this whole process everything is in memory so you may need sufficient memory if the images are quite large.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Tor can only handle TCP connections, but DNS is a UDP protocol. How does Tor route DNS requests over its TCP based network? Why can the same approach not be used to route all UDP traffic over Tor?", + "input": "", + "output": "Tor clients do not, in general, directly do DNS requests. When you open a connection through the tor network you usually ask your client (on its socks ports) to connect you to a hostname and port, say www.example.com:80.\nYour tor client, once it has created a circuit, will send that hostname and port to the exit node in its RELAY_BEGIN cell.\nThe exit node will then do a DNS resolve and open a TCP connection to the target. Once that's established it will tell your client that the connection is open, and for informational purposes will also tell your client what address that hostname resolved to.\nTor, in addition to that, has some sort of \"remote DNS resolve\" protocol built in. This support allows clients to query for certain resource types, like IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. Here too, the exit node does the actual DNS packet sending and receiving and just relays the answer to the client.\nNo UDP packets are actually ever routed from the client.\nThere's also a proposal to add more full featured DNS support to Tor. So far it hasn't been implemented.\n\nTor Protocol Specification references\n\n* 6.2. Opening streams and transferring data\n* 6.4. Remote hostname lookup\n* Proposal 219 - Support for full DNS and DNSSEC resolution in Tor\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why does this throw ```NullPointerException```\n```public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {\n Boolean b = true ? returnsNull() : false; // NPE on this line.\n System.out.println(b);\n}\npublic static Boolean returnsNull() {\n return null;\n}\n```\nwhile this doesn't\n```public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {\n Boolean b = true ? null : false;\n System.out.println(b); // null\n}\n```\n?\nThe solution is by the way to replace ```false``` by ```Boolean.FALSE``` to avoid ```null``` being unboxed to ```boolean``` --which isn't possible. But that isn't the question. The question is why? Are there any references in JLS which confirms this behaviour, especially of the 2nd case?", + "input": "", + "output": "The difference is that the explicit type of the ```returnsNull()``` method affects the static typing of the expressions at compile time:\n```E1: `true ? returnsNull() : false` - boolean (auto-unboxing 2nd operand to boolean)\nE2: `true ? null : false` - Boolean (autoboxing of 3rd operand to Boolean)\n```\nSee Java Language Specification, section 15.25 Conditional Operator ? :\n\n* For E1, the types of the 2nd and 3rd operands are ```Boolean``` and ```boolean``` respectively, so this clause applies:\n\n If one of the second and third operands is of type boolean and the type of the other is of type Boolean, then the type of the conditional expression is boolean.\n\nSince the type of the expression is ```boolean```, the 2nd operand must be coerced to ```boolean```. The compiler inserts auto-unboxing code to the 2nd operand (return value of ```returnsNull()```) to make it type ```boolean```. This of course causes the NPE from the ```null``` returned at run-time.\n* For E2, types of the 2nd and 3rd operands are `````` (not ```Boolean``` as in E1!) and ```boolean``` respectively, so no specific typing clause applies (go read 'em!), so the final \"otherwise\" clause applies:\n\n Otherwise, the second and third operands are of types S1 and S2 respectively. Let T1 be the type that results from applying boxing conversion to S1, and let T2 be the type that results from applying boxing conversion to S2. The type of the conditional expression is the result of applying capture conversion (§5.1.10) to lub(T1, T2) (§15.12.2.7).\n\n\n* S1 == `````` (see §4.1)\n* S2 == ```boolean```\n* T1 == box(S1) == `````` (see last item in list of boxing conversions in §5.1.7)\n* T2 == box(S2) == `Boolean\n* lub(T1, T2) == ```Boolean```\n\nSo the type of the conditional expression is ```Boolean``` and the 3rd operand must be coerced to ```Boolean```. The compiler inserts auto-boxing code for the 3rd operand (```false```). The 2nd operand doesn't need the auto-unboxing as in ```E1```, so no auto-unboxing NPE when ```null``` is returned.\n\n\nThis question needs a similar type analysis:\nJava conditional operator ?: result type", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How do DOS games like DOOM benefit from a PCI graphics card?", + "input": "", + "output": "DOOM itself doesn’t do anything special to benefit from PCI graphics cards. It runs faster with PCI graphics cards (and VLB, AGP, and PCI Express cards) than with ISA graphics cards because the supporting bus is faster, so reads from and writes to video memory take less time.\nPCI goes to great lengths to preserve backwards compatibility with ISA-based VGA, providing support for “VGA compatible” adapters so that they can appear in memory at the same locations and use the same I/O ports as ISA VGA cards. So accesses to the VGA registers and to the VGA buffer (at 0xA0000) go directly to the main PCI VGA compatible adapter in the system, with no change required in the operating system or programs running on it. (This is the reason why there’s a specific “VGA compatible controller” device type in PCI. Such shenanigans are impossible for other device types in PCI, which is why PCI sound cards have so much trouble providing compatibility with programs written for ISA sound cards.)\nA faster bus and/or faster video memory immediately leads to higher performance in video-intensive programs because software doesn’t need to be careful about how it accesses video memory (except on CGA, and on all platforms with vertical blank synchronisation if it cares about tearing). So ```REP MOVSW``` or ```REP MOVSD``` with no waiting in software, once the program decides to write a frame, is perfectly fine, and will go faster and faster as the underlying hardware improves. On platforms where this can’t work in hardware (e.g. on an 8088 with a VGA card), the hardware takes care of specifics — for example on an 8088 the bus unit will split up 16-bit accesses.\nYour question is specific to DOOM but other DOS games are in a similar situation. Later games tended to rely on VBE (often using UniVBE) to access video modes beyond those provided by VGA, but they mostly didn’t use anything beyond video-mode setup and framebuffer configuration (see also Were any DOS games (or software) known to use VBE/AF?), so improved video speed came mostly from bus speed increases, faster video memory, and speed increases in the cards themselves (which was already a factor in the ISA era, compare most Trident cards to Tseng cards for example).\nFor an excellent explanation of the intricacies of VGA programming and its memory layout, see Fabien Sanglard’s Game Engine Black Book series. The DOOM update loop is shown on page 185 of the DOOM book; it doesn’t use any assembly language (unlike the renderer, see pp. 290 and following), but it does have one perhaps surprising feature given the 32-bit nature of the code: VGA updates are done 16 bits at a time. Section 2.3 of the same book, pp. 59 and following, describes some of the improvements to VGA adapters around the time DOOM was released, in particular the switch to the VESA Local Bus on 486s. The benchmark table on page 287 shows the importance of the bus.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I need to be able to open a document using its default application in Windows and Mac OS. Basically, I want to do the same thing that happens when you double-click on the document icon in Explorer or Finder. What is the best way to do this in Python?", + "input": "", + "output": "```open``` and ```start``` are command-interpreter things for Mac OS/X and Windows respectively, to do this.\nTo call them from Python, you can either use ```subprocess``` module or ```os.system()```. \nHere are considerations on which package to use:\n\n* You can call them via ```os.system```, which works, but...\nEscaping: ```os.system``` only works with filenames that don't have any spaces or other shell metacharacters in the pathname (e.g. ```A:\\abc\\def\\a.txt```), or else these need to be escaped. There is ```shlex.quote``` for Unix-like systems, but nothing really standard for Windows. Maybe see also python, windows : parsing command lines with shlex\n\n* MacOS/X: ```os.system(\"open \" + shlex.quote(filename))```\n* Windows: ```os.system(\"start \" + filename)``` where properly speaking ```filename``` should be escaped, too.\n\n* You can also call them via ```subprocess``` module, but...\nFor Python 2.7 and newer, simply use\n```subprocess.check_call(['open', filename])\n```\nIn Python 3.5+ you can equivalently use the slightly more complex but also somewhat more versatile\n```subprocess.run(['open', filename], check=True)\n```\nIf you need to be compatible all the way back to Python 2.4, you can use ```subprocess.call()``` and implement your own error checking:\n```try:\n retcode = subprocess.call(\"open \" + filename, shell=True)\n if retcode < 0:\n print >>sys.stderr, \"Child was terminated by signal\", -retcode\n else:\n print >>sys.stderr, \"Child returned\", retcode\nexcept OSError, e:\n print >>sys.stderr, \"Execution failed:\", e\n```\nNow, what are the advantages of using ```subprocess```?\n\n* Security: In theory, this is more secure, but in fact we're needing to execute a command line one way or the other; in either environment, we need the environment and services to interpret, get paths, and so forth. In neither case are we executing arbitrary text, so it doesn't have an inherent \"but you can type ```'filename ; rm -rf /'```\" problem, and if the file name can be corrupted, using ```subprocess.call``` gives us little additional protection.\n* Error handling: It doesn't actually give us any more error detection, we're still depending on the ```retcode``` in either case; but the behavior to explicitly raise an exception in the case of an error will certainly help you notice if there is a failure (though in some scenarios, a traceback might not at all be more helpful than simply ignoring the error).\n* Spawns a (non-blocking) subprocess: We don't need to wait for the child process, since we're by problem statement starting a separate process.\n\nTo the objection \"But ```subprocess``` is preferred.\" However, ```os.system()``` is not deprecated, and it's in some sense the simplest tool for this particular job. Conclusion: using ```os.system()``` is therefore also a correct answer.\nA marked disadvantage is that the Windows ```start``` command requires you to pass in ```shell=True``` which negates most of the benefits of using ```subprocess```.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why does PRC devalue its currency on purpose, but Turkey is worried about the devaluation of its currency?", + "input": "", + "output": "Trade surplus/deficit\nDevaluing one's currency means mostly one thing: It becomes more expensive to import products from abroad, while one's own products become comparably cheaper to buy on the world market. That means a country which exports lots of goods wants to devalue their currency while a country which imports lots of goods does not.\nIn 2016, Turkey imported goods worth US $186 billion and exported goods worth US $156 billion. That means they had a trade deficit of 19%.\nHowever, China only imported goods worth US $1.23 trillion and exported goods worth US $2.27 trillion in 2016. That means they had a trade surplus of 84%.\nWhich is why China wants to devalue their currency while Turkey does not.\nDebt management\nAnother reason to devalue one's currency is that it reduces any debts denoted in that currency. If a country has a problem of too much public and private debt, then an easy way to get rid of it is to cause a hyperinflation. \nChina happens to have a debt-to-gdp ratio of 47.6% while Turkey only has one of 28.3%. When you look at the private debt (debt of private citizens and companies in the country), you see the same picture. Private debit in Turkey was 170% of GDP, while China's is rumored to be over 300%.\nWhich is why reducing debt through causing inflation seems more attractive to China than to Turkey.\nForeign investor relations\nSo why don't all countries get rid of their debt by adding a few zeroes to their bank notes? Because inflating your currency is a surefire way to drive away any foreign investors. Nobody will invest money into your country when that money might be worth nothing in a few years. Investors want stable currencies. Again, we observe the same difference in motivation between Turkey and China here. Turkey is actively inviting foreign investors, but China is quite reluctant to allow foreign economic influence in their country.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is it worth patenting an algorithm if I don't have the money to defend against infringements?", + "input": "", + "output": "This is a great question, with no one right answer.\nThe strength of a patent comes from the ability to enforce it. If the patent owner cannot enforce it for whatever reason (such as a lack of funding), the patent is effectively toothless.\nBut your competitors will likely not know that. They may therefore be dissuaded from infringing simply by the existence of a patent and the assumption that you would sue. Such a chilling effect on competition may be valuable to you.\nIn addition, if there is infringement, you may be able to get a licensing agreement without the need for litigation. This can be a very lucrative business model, and so may justify the cost of patenting.\nAnd if litigation seems likely, there is a nascent field of litigation funding. While your funders will take quite a great deal of the damages, you may at least get something out of the end of it.\nFinally, even if you can't sue, someone else could. You might therefore get quite some value from selling it off at some point. There are a number of tech businesses where most of their value comes from their IP portfolio.\nOn the whole therefore it depends how you see yourself proceeding. If you're unsure, it may pay to err on the side of patenting: once you disclose or use your invention publicly, you're generally barred from patenting it later (but for a short grace period in some countries), whereas it's easy to abandon a patent (or application) later down the track if you wish.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "\"I have a ```String[]``` with values like so:\n```public static final String[] VALUES = new String[] {\"\"AB\"\",\"\"BC\"\",\"\"CD\"\",\"\"AE\"\"};\n```\nGiven ```String s```, is there a good way of testing whether ```VALUES``` contains ```s```?\" How do I determine whether an array contains a particular value in Java?", + "input": "", + "output": "Four Different Ways to Check If an Array Contains a Value:\n\n* Using ```List```:\n```public static boolean useList(String[] arr, String targetValue) {\n return Arrays.asList(arr).contains(targetValue);\n}\n```\n* Using ```Set```:\n```public static boolean useSet(String[] arr, String targetValue) {\n Set set = new HashSet(Arrays.asList(arr));\n return set.contains(targetValue);\n}\n```\n* Using a simple loop:\n```public static boolean useLoop(String[] arr, String targetValue) {\n for (String s: arr) {\n if (s.equals(targetValue))\n return true;\n }\n return false;\n}\n```\n* Using ```Arrays.binarySearch()```:\nThe code below is wrong, it is listed here for completeness. ```binarySearch()``` can ONLY be used on sorted arrays. You will find the result is weird below. This is the best option when array is sorted.\n```public static boolean binarySearch(String[] arr, String targetValue) {\n return Arrays.binarySearch(arr, targetValue) >= 0;\n}\n```\n\nQuick Example:\n```String testValue=\"test\";\nString newValueNotInList=\"newValue\";\nString[] valueArray = { \"this\", \"is\", \"java\" , \"test\" };\nArrays.asList(valueArray).contains(testValue); // returns true\nArrays.asList(valueArray).contains(newValueNotInList); // returns false\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Does Java casting introduce overhead? Or the compiler just resolves everything and there is no cost at run time?\nIs this a general things, or there are different cases?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are 2 types of casting in Java:\n\nImplicit casting, when you cast from a type to a wider type, which is done automatically and there is no overhead:\n```String s = \"Cast\";\nObject o = s; // implicit casting\n```\nExplicit casting, when you go from a wider type to a more narrow one. For this case, you must explicitly use casting like that:\n```Object o = someObject;\nString s = (String) o; // explicit casting\n```\nIn this second case, there is overhead in runtime, because the two types must be checked and in case that casting is not feasible, JVM must throw a ClassCastException.\n\nTaken from JavaWorld: The cost of casting\n\n> Casting is used to convert between types -- between reference types in particular, for the type of casting operation in which we're interested here. Upcast operations (also called widening conversions in the Java Language Specification) convert a subclass reference to an ancestor class reference. This casting operation is normally automatic, since it's always safe and can be implemented directly by the compiler. Downcast operations (also called narrowing conversions in the Java Language Specification) convert an ancestor class reference to a subclass reference. This casting operation creates execution overhead, since Java requires that the cast be checked at runtime to make sure that it's valid. If the referenced object is not an instance of either the target type for the cast or a subclass of that type, the attempted cast is not permitted and must throw a java.lang.ClassCastException.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How can I copy a string (e.g \"hello\") to the System Clipboard in C#, so next time I press CTRL+V I'll get \"hello\"?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are two classes that lives in different assemblies and different namespaces.\n\n* WinForms: use following namespace declaration, make sure ```Main``` is marked with ```[STAThread]``` attribute:\n```using System.Windows.Forms;\n```\n* WPF: use following namespace declaration\n```using System.Windows;\n```\n* console: add reference to ```System.Windows.Forms```, use following namespace declaration, make sure ```Main``` is marked with ```[STAThread]``` attribute. Step-by-step guide in another answer\n```using System.Windows.Forms;\n```\n\nTo copy an exact string (literal in this case):\n```Clipboard.SetText(\"Hello, clipboard\");\n```\nTo copy the contents of a textbox either use TextBox.Copy() or get text first and then set clipboard value:\n```Clipboard.SetText(txtClipboard.Text);\n```\nSee here for an example.\nOr... Official MSDN documentation or Here for WPF.\n\nRemarks:\n\n* Clipboard is desktop UI concept, trying to set it in server side code like ASP.Net will only set value on the server and has no impact on what user can see in they browser. While linked answer lets one to run Clipboard access code server side with ```SetApartmentState``` it is unlikely what you want to achieve.\n* If after following information in this question code still gets an exception see "Current thread must be set to single thread apartment (STA)" error in copy string to clipboard\n* This question/answer covers regular .NET, for .NET Core see - .Net Core - copy to clipboard?\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I want to put a draft watermark using the below script but the problem is that the watermark don't come over the images and I want it to come over it.\n```\\usepackage{draftwatermark}\n\\SetWatermarkText{DRAFT}\n\\SetWatermarkScale{1}\n```", + "input": "", + "output": "The problem is that the ```draftwatermark``` places the material in the background, so other elements (for example, figures and listings) might cover the included material; to prevent this, instead of using the ```draftwatermark``` package, you can use the ```xwatermark``` package; the starred variant of ```\\newwatermark``` places the material in the foreground which seems to be what you need. A little example:\nFirst, with the unstarred variant (material on the background, so a figure will be placed on top of it):\n```\\documentclass{article}\n\\usepackage[printwatermark]{xwatermark}\n\\usepackage{xcolor}\n\\usepackage{graphicx}\n\\usepackage{lipsum}\n\\newwatermark[allpages,color=red!50,angle=45,scale=3,xpos=0,ypos=0]{DRAFT}\n\\begin{document}\n\\lipsum[1-2]\n\\begin{figure}[!ht]\n\\centering\n\\includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-a}\n\\end{figure}\n\\lipsum[1-2]\n\\end{document}\n```\n\nAnd now, with the starred variant (material on the foreground, so it will appear on top of figures):\n```\\documentclass{article}\n\\usepackage[printwatermark]{xwatermark}\n\\usepackage{xcolor}\n\\usepackage{graphicx}\n\\usepackage{lipsum}\n\\newwatermark*[allpages,color=red!50,angle=45,scale=3,xpos=0,ypos=0]{DRAFT}\n\\begin{document}\n\\lipsum[1-2]\n\\begin{figure}[!ht]\n\\centering\n\\includegraphics[width=3cm]{example-image-a}\n\\end{figure}\n\\lipsum[1-2]\n\\end{document}\n```\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Understanding the Rails Authenticity Token", + "input": "", + "output": "What is CSRF?\nThe Authenticity Token is a countermeasure to Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF). What is CSRF, you ask?\nIt's a way that an attacker can potentially hijack sessions without even knowing session tokens. \nScenario:\n\n* Visit your bank's site, log in.\n* Then visit the attacker's site (e.g. sponsored ad from an untrusted organization).\n* Attacker's page includes form with same fields as the bank's \"Transfer Funds\" form.\n* Attacker knows your account info, and has pre-filled form fields to transfer money from your account to attacker's account.\n* Attacker's page includes Javascript that submits form to your bank.\n* When form gets submitted, browser includes your cookies for the bank site, including the session token.\n* Bank transfers money to attacker's account.\n* The form can be in an iframe that is invisible, so you never know the attack occurred. \n* This is called Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF). \n\nCSRF solution:\n\n* Server can mark forms that came from the server itself\n* Every form must contain an additional authentication token as a hidden field.\n* Token must be unpredictable (attacker can't guess it).\n* Server provides valid token in forms in its pages.\n* Server checks token when form posted, rejects forms without proper token. \n* Example token: session identifier encrypted with server secret key.\n* Rails automatically generates such tokens: see the authenticity_token input field in every form. \n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why is FIFA against adding instant replay to the game?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are a few fundamental considerations:\n\n* Uncertainty is a part of the game. The referee and linesmen are the arbiters of the action. Instant replay would limit their authority.\n* Football is global. Many places do not have access to the technology necessary to implement instant replay.\n* Football is a fast-paced game with few opportunities for stoppage. Instant replay would unnecessarily slow the pace.\n\nIn 2008, FiFA President Sepp Blatter said:\n\n \"Let it be as it is and let's leave [football] with errors. The television companies will have the right to say [the referee] was right or wrong, but still the referee makes the decision – a man, not a machine.\"\n\nBlatter and others at FIFA have repeatedly argued against using instant replay. But lately, FIFA has begun to come around on the idea. At FIFA's Congress in São Paulo prior to the 2014 World Cup, Blatter proposed allowing managers 2 challenges per game, much like the NFL handles challenges today.\nAlthough it's not quite \"instant replay,\" in 2012 FIFA approved two different goal-line technologies to improve referee accuracy: \"Hawk-Eye\" -- which uses visual triangulation to determine ball location -- and \"GoalRef\" -- which uses a microchip in the ball and magnetic sensors within goalposts. (Many say FIFA approved the technologies in response to Frank Lampard's snubbed \"goal\" against Germany in the 2010 World Cup.) In 2013, FIFA announced it would use GoalControl, a German competitor to Hawk-Eye, at the Confederations Cup, basically a rehearsal for the World Cup. After a successful run at that tournament, FIFA announced it would implement GoalControl at the 2014 World Cup. The Guardian provides a pretty helpful FAQ on the technology.\nFIFA may choose to implement further changes to approved goal-line technology and referee rules when it meets again after the World Cup.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "If we should encrypt the message rather than the method of transfer, why do we care about wifi security? Is this just security theatre?", + "input": "", + "output": "Network encryption protects against different set of threats than application layer encryption like TLS.\nIn particular, network encryption like Wifi encryption are primarily designed to protect from a local attacker from being able to watch network patterns (by recording who you're making connections with, and discovering what devices are on the local network), observing/tampering of low level messages like ARP/DNS, and protecting network broadcasts from devices that aren't supposed to be in the network, and from tampering or selective interference.\nTLS doesn't protect the low level TCP/IP packets, which leaks information like the IP address of the machine you're connecting with, and the TLS handshake also by design leaks a number of information about the connection like Server Name Indication (SNI) header.\nThe side effect of needing to do all this is that Wifi hardware already need to have enough code and processing power to handle encryption, so it becomes easier to just encrypt all wifi packets rather than selectively figuring out what needs protection or not. This come also with the side benefit that unsecured HTTP connection will still be at least marginally protected, even if at least to protect users of the infrastructure from each other, but not from the infrastructure provider.\nNetwork encryption is designed to protect the network, not the service. Application encryption is designed to protect the connection to the service, but it doesn't protect the network. They complement each other, but neither completely makes the other unnecessary.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Applying filter in scipy.signal: Use lfilter or filtfilt?", + "input": "", + "output": "\n* ```filtfilt``` is zero-phase filtering, which doesn't shift the signal as it filters. Since the phase is zero at all frequencies, it is also linear-phase. Filtering backwards in time requires you to predict the future, so it can't be used in \"online\" real-life applications, only for offline processing of recordings of signals.\n* ```lfilter``` is causal forward-in-time filtering only, similar to a real-life electronic filter. It can't be zero-phase. It can be linear-phase (symmetrical FIR), but usually isn't. Usually it adds different amounts of delay at different frequencies.\n\nAn example and image should make it obvious. Although the magnitude of the frequency response of the filters is identical (top left and top right), the zero-phase lowpass lines up with the original signal, just without high frequency content, while the minimum phase filtering delays the signal in a causal way:\n\n```from __future__ import division, print_function\nimport numpy as np\nfrom numpy.random import randn\nfrom numpy.fft import rfft\nfrom scipy import signal\nimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt\nb, a = signal.butter(4, 0.03, analog=False)\n# Show that frequency response is the same\nimpulse = np.zeros(1000)\nimpulse[500] = 1\n# Applies filter forward and backward in time\nimp_ff = signal.filtfilt(b, a, impulse)\n# Applies filter forward in time twice (for same frequency response)\nimp_lf = signal.lfilter(b, a, signal.lfilter(b, a, impulse))\nplt.subplot(2, 2, 1)\nplt.semilogx(20*np.log10(np.abs(rfft(imp_lf))))\nplt.ylim(-100, 20)\nplt.grid(True, which='both')\nplt.title('lfilter')\nplt.subplot(2, 2, 2)\nplt.semilogx(20*np.log10(np.abs(rfft(imp_ff))))\nplt.ylim(-100, 20)\nplt.grid(True, which='both')\nplt.title('filtfilt')\nsig = np.cumsum(randn(800)) # Brownian noise\nsig_ff = signal.filtfilt(b, a, sig)\nsig_lf = signal.lfilter(b, a, signal.lfilter(b, a, sig))\nplt.subplot(2, 1, 2)\nplt.plot(sig, color='silver', label='Original')\nplt.plot(sig_ff, color='#3465a4', label='filtfilt')\nplt.plot(sig_lf, color='#cc0000', label='lfilter')\nplt.grid(True, which='both')\nplt.legend(loc=\"best\")\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What do different people in the department expect from a postdoc?\nBy different people I mean the advisor, graduate students and PhD students.\nI know it mainly depends on the job description but there are few basic things that a postdoc must be expected to do. How aggressive (proactive) must one be? This question is important since a postdoc cannot just wait for the adviser to give him/her inputs. Rather the postdoc must take the project(s) as another PhD research of his own but be completely accountable to the adviser in terms of what he/she is doing and how is he/she doing that.\nThe above are my thoughts. My question is divided into the following sub-parts:\n\n* What would you as a professor expect from your postdoc? \n* What preparation one must do to rise to the expected level? \n* Is the preparation merely restricted to having sound academic record and experience?", + "input": "", + "output": "You'll very quickly learn that being an academic involves more than just writing research papers. Your time as a postdoc is when you can start learning about these other aspects, while building your own profile.\nA postdoc needs to do the following:\n\n* Build a publication record. This will involve both what you are paid to do and your own line of research.\n* Get involved with supervising students. Help with the PhDs in the lab, and get involved in supervising masters students.\n* Get involved with obtaining funding. This can either be by helping your employer or (ideally) obtaining your own funding. \n* Build an international reputation.\n* Start collaborating with external parties.\n* Gain some teaching experience. This is absolutely crucial if you want a faculty position.\n* Learn how to manage projects and a lab. This includes overseeing the progress of projects, allocating your time (and others), presenting results at meetings and writing deliverables. If you are in a lab setting, you will need to learn how to fix/calibrate/maintain critical equipment and software so that you can start your own lab some day, and you will need to become proficient in teaching more junior members on how to use that equipment.\n* Start to devise a strategic research plan. While it is fun to do opportunistic research, solving a problem that comes along or investigating any idea that pops into your head, a better long term strategy is to formulate an interesting long term research plan and follow it, building result upon result.\n\nBe as proactive as humanly possible, without being annoying. Talk to everyone in the department, especially people whose research interests are close to your. Go to conferences and sit down and work with interesting people (not necessarily the superstars).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can someone explain to me what the ```contentInset``` property in a ```UIScrollView``` instance is used for? And maybe provide an example?", + "input": "", + "output": "While jball's answer is an excellent description of content insets, it doesn't answer the question of when to use it. I'll borrow from his diagrams:\n``` _|←_cW_→_|_↓_\n | |\n---------------\n |content| ↑\n ↑ |content| contentInset.top\ncH |content|\n ↓ |content| contentInset.bottom\n |content| ↓\n---------------\n |content|\n-------------↑-\n```\nThat's what you get when you do it, but the usefulness of it only shows when you scroll:\n``` _|←_cW_→_|_↓_\n |content| ← content is still visible\n---------------\n |content| ↑\n ↑ |content| contentInset.top\ncH |content|\n ↓ |content| contentInset.bottom\n |content| ↓\n---------------\n _|_______|___\n ↑\n```\nThat top row of content will still be visible because it's still inside the frame of the scroll view. One way to think of the top offset is \"how much to shift the content down the scroll view when we're scrolled all the way to the top\"\nTo see a place where this is actually used, look at the build-in Photos app on the iphone. The Navigation bar and status bar are transparent, and the contents of the scroll view are visible underneath. That's because the scroll view's frame extends out that far. But if it wasn't for the content inset, you would never be able to have the top of the content clear that transparent navigation bar when you go all the way to the top.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How is arc defined in TikZ?", + "input": "", + "output": "```\\draw (x,y) arc (start:stop:radius);``` draws an arc\n\n* with radius ```radius```\n* starts from ```(x,y)```\n* with center ```(x-r*cos(start), y-r*sin(start))``` and\n* ends at ```(x-r*cos(start)+r*cos(stop), y-r*sin(start)+r*sin(stop))```.\n\nFor example,\n``` \\draw[red] (0,0) arc (30:60:3);\n```\ndraws an arc\n\n* of radius ```3```\n* starting from ```(0,0)```\n* with center ```(0-3*cos(30),0-3*sin(30))``` and\n* ending at ```(0-3*cos(30)+3*cos(60),0-3*sin(30)+3*sin(60))```.\n\n```\\draw[blue] (0,0) -- ++(30+180:3) -- +(60:3);\n```\ndraw a blue line to the arc to make a complete sector.\n\nMinimal Working Example\n```\\documentclass[tikz,border=12pt]{standalone}\n\\begin{document}\n\\foreach \\start/\\stop in {30/60,45/90,135/180,0/180,45/315}\n{\n \\begin{tikzpicture}\n \\draw[lightgray,ultra thin] (-6,-6) grid (6,6);\n \\draw[red] (0,0) arc (\\start:\\stop:3);\n \\draw[blue] (0,0) -- ++(\\start+180:3) -- +(\\stop:3);\n \\node[anchor=north] at (0,6) {$(\\start:\\stop:3)$};\n \\end{tikzpicture}\n}\n\\end{document}\n```\n\n\n\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to connect mysql workbench to running mysql inside docker?", + "input": "", + "output": "By default after deployment MySQL has following connection restrictions:\n```mysql> select host, user from mysql.user;\n+-----------+---------------+\n| host | user |\n+-----------+---------------+\n| localhost | healthchecker |\n| localhost | mysql.session |\n| localhost | mysql.sys |\n| localhost | root |\n+-----------+---------------+\n4 rows in set (0.00 sec)\n```\nApparently, for the security purposes you will not be able to connect to it outside of the docker image.\nIf you need to change that to allow root to connect from any host (say, for development purposes), do:\n\n* Start your mysql image with all port mappings required:\n```docker run -p 3306:3306 --name=mysql57 -d mysql/mysql-server:5.7```\n\nor, if the complete port mapping is required:\n```docker run -p 3306:3306 -p 33060:33060 --name=mysql57 -d mysql/mysql-server:5.7\n```\n\n* If this is the fresh installation - grab the default password:\n```docker logs mysql57 2>&1 | grep GENERATED```\n* Connect using ```mysql``` client directly to the mysqld in docker:\n```docker exec -it mysql57 mysql -uroot -p```\n* If this is the fresh installation you will be asked to change the password using ```ALTER USER``` command. Do it.\n* Run SQL:\n```update mysql.user set host = '%' where user='root';```\n* Quit the ```mysql``` client.\n* Restart the container:\n```docker restart mysql57```\n\nNow you will be able to connect from MySQL Workbench to\n```host: `0.0.0.0`\nport: `3306`\n```\nAfter all the changes the query will show:\n```select host, user from mysql.user;\n+-----------+---------------+\n| host | user |\n+-----------+---------------+\n| % | root |\n| localhost | healthchecker |\n| localhost | mysql.session |\n| localhost | mysql.sys |\n+-----------+---------------+\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can meat spoil outside the fridge if it's baked into bread as a filling?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are two differences between your buns and a tin can.\nFirst, your buns were heated to a core temperature of under 100°C. Yes, your oven was probably set way higher, but the water content in your filling prevents it from getting hotter than boiling water. Commercial canning is done in the vicinity of 120-130°C, which is possible because the cans are cooked under pressure. So unlike in a can, most pathogens were destroyed, but not necessarily all of them. For human consumption, that’s perfectly fine as long as the remaining ones don’t get the time-temperature combo to regrow.\nSecond, a bread dough may be dense (although the aim is usually something different), but by no means airtight. Interestingly, wrapping meat in dense dough was used as preservation method in medieval times - the “ancestor” of today’s pork pies and pastries. But while the hard flour crust (not intended to be eaten originally) did form a protective layer and usually extended the shelf life more or less, it was by no means food safe judged by modern standards - although some pies were stored for months. But your fluffy buns are truly not a protective layer. Which means you should refrigerate your buns, but also that you get to enjoy the whole dish.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm wondering how the XML Schema specification handles these cases:\n```\n```\nNo maxOccurs given -> Is this the cardinality [1..1]?\n```\n```\nI suppose this is simply invalid?\n```\n```\nIs this the cardinality [0..2] or [1..2]?\nIs there an \"official\" definition on how the XML Schema spec handles these cases?", + "input": "", + "output": "New, expanded answer to an old, commonly asked question...\nDefault Values\n\n* Occurrence constraints ```minOccurs``` and ```maxOccurs``` default to ```1```.\n\n\nCommon Cases Explained\n```\n```\nmeans ```A``` is required and must appear exactly once.\n\n```\n```\nmeans ```A``` is optional and may appear at most once.\n\n``` \n```\nmeans ```A``` is required and may repeat an unlimited number of times.\n\n``` \n```\nmeans ```A``` is optional and may repeat an unlimited number of times.\n\nSee Also\n\n* W3C XML Schema Part 0: Primer\n\n In general, an element is required to appear when the value of\n minOccurs is 1 or more. The maximum number of times an element may\n appear is determined by the value of a maxOccurs attribute in its\n declaration. This value may be a positive integer such as 41, or the\n term unbounded to indicate there is no maximum number of occurrences.\n The default value for both the minOccurs and the maxOccurs attributes\n is 1. Thus, when an element such as comment is declared without a\n maxOccurs attribute, the element may not occur more than once. Be sure\n that if you specify a value for only the minOccurs attribute, it is\n less than or equal to the default value of maxOccurs, i.e. it is 0 or 1.\n Similarly, if you specify a value for only the maxOccurs attribute, it must be greater than or equal to the default value of minOccurs,\n i.e. 1 or more. If both attributes are omitted, the element must\n appear exactly once.\n\n* W3C XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition \n```\n\n```\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Were there any flying dinosaurs?", + "input": "", + "output": "Birds are both flying dinosaurs and flying reptiles. Yes, that's potentially confusing.\n\nTo understand the apparent contradiction, you have to understand how modern classification of organisms works (phylogenetic systematics). Under the old (Linnean) classification system, Reptilia (reptiles) was an order and Aves (birds) was a separate order. Phylogenetic systematics, which has completely replaced the Linnean system, views all organisms as interrelated in a nested set of monophyletic groups (clades). It's like a set of venn diagrams, where all organisms fall into a giant circle and then successively smaller circles classify more and more specific groups.\n\nThe clade Reptilia includes snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and lots of extinct groups, including dinosaurs. So all dinosaurs are reptiles. The clade Dinosauria includes all the extinct dinosaurs (Stegosaurus, Triceratops, sauropods, etc.), including theropod dinosaurs, which include well known dinosaurs like Tyrannosaurus and Allosaurus. Based on a mountain on anatomical evidence, including lots of transitional fossils, living birds are a sub-group of theropod dinosaurs.\n\nSo all birds (Aves) are theropod dinosaurs (Dinosauria: Theropoda). All dinosaurs are reptiles. Therefore, birds are dinosaurs and reptiles. They are just more closely related to dinosaurs than to other reptiles.\nThe tricky part is that most people have an intuitive idea of what \"reptiles\" and \"dinosaurs\" are. To a systematist, whose job it is to classify organisms, these terms don't mean the same thing as they do to most people. Systematists think about groups like Reptilia and Dinosauria and how those groups are related to one another. So they have no problem saying that birds are dinosaurs and reptiles, because birds are nested within both of those groups.\n\nA few words about pterosaurs\nAlong with birds and bats, pterosaurs are the other clade of vertebrates capable of powered, flapping flight. Pterosaurs fall within Reptilia (and Diapsida and Archosauria) along with Dinosauria, which includes birds. There are a lot of other extinct lineages in the tree that are not shown, e.g., ornithodirans that are not dinosaurs and not pterosaurs. Pterosaurs and birds share anatomical features that all reptiles, diapsids, archosaurs, and ornithodirans have, which is how we know that they are more closely related to each other than to other groups, like crocodiles. But their flight structures evolved independently and are anatomically distinct fro one another. So pterosaurs are flying reptiles but not flying dinosaurs.\nThese images might help you understand the above explanation.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Say, a table ```car``` has one-to-one relationship to tables ```electric_car```, ```gas_car```, and ```hybrid_car```. If a ```car``` is ```electric_car```, it can no longer appear in ```gas_car``` or a ```hybrid_car```, etc. \nIs it a bad practice to have several mutually exclusive one-to-one relationships in database design?", + "input": "", + "output": "The different types of cars are an instance of a general problem that surfaces over and over again in data modeling. It is called \"generalization/specialization\" in ER modeling, and \"superclass/subclass\" in object modeling. \nAn object modeler uses the inheritance features built into the object model to solve the problem quite easily. The subclasses simply extend the superclass.\nThe relational modeler is faced with a problem. how to design the tables so as to emulate the benefits that one would get from inheritance? \nThe simplest technique is called single table inheritance. Data about all types of cars are grouped into a single table for cars. There is a column, car_type, that groups together all the cars of a single type. No car can belong to more than one type. If a column is irrelevant to, say, electric cars, it will be left NULL in the rows that pertain to electric cars.\nThis simple solution works well for the smaller and simpler cases. The presence of a lot of NULLs adds a tiny bit to storage overhead, and a little bit to retrieval overhead. The developer may have to learn SQL three-valued logic if boolean tests are done on nullable columns. This can be baffling at first, but one gets used to it.\nThere is another technique, called class table inheritance. In this design, there are separate tables for gas_car, electric_car, and hybrid_car, in addition to a combined table, car, for all of them. When you want all of the data about a specific kind of car, you join the car table with the appropriate specialized table. There are fewer NULLs in this design, but you do more joining. This technique works better in the larger and more complex cases.\nThere is a third technique called shared primary key. This technique is often used in conjunction with class table inheritance. The specialized tables for the subclasses have, as their primary key, a copy of the primary key of the corresponding entry in the car table. This id column can be declared to be both the primary key and a foreign key.\nThis involves a little extra programming when new cars are to be added, but it makes the joins simple, easy, and fast.\nSuperclasses and subclasses happen all the time in the real world. Don't be afraid. But do test your initial design for performance. If your first attempt is simple and sound, you'll be able to tweak it to speed it up.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I see a low use of Mathematica in Kaggle competitions. Why would one use the Wolfram Language versus R, Python, or Julia for machine learning? Besides prettier plots and the Manipulate function, do we have something that is useful for ML that other languages are lacking?", + "input": "", + "output": "Mathematica doesn't have the depth of algorithm support that is present in R or Python. Julia has much more limited algorithm support but does exhibit a good turn of speed.\nThe few algorithms that Mathematica does support are not particularly well exposed for the type of tweaking needed to win Kaggle competitions.\nMathematica, as of version 10, supports the following classifiers: \"LogisticRegression\", \"Markov\", \"NaiveBayes\", \"NearestNeighbors\", \"NeuralNetwork\", \"RandomForest\", \"SupportVectorMachine\". \nWhilst it does offer one ensemble method, RandomForest, it lacks both Bagging and any flavour of boosting, such as Adaboost. These latter general ensemble methods allow you to leverage the power of a base classifier, either built-in or, of greater utility when exploring performance improvements, of your own design. This limits significantly the potential for creating novel methods within the existing machine learning framework. \nMathematica's strengths lay with it's expressive, compact, language, strong visualisation capabilities and easy parallelization. These make it very efficient to explore new strategies and combinations of ML algorithms you may already have implemented.\nA less often mentioned benefit is that use of Mathematica in a functional programming style tends to lead to fewer bugs in the final code.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm using wp_nav_menu and am trying to create custom output for the sub-level drop downs. I came across the \"items_wrap\" argument but there's really not much information as to what it is, how it works, and what kind of things can be done with it. \nWhat exactly is \"%1$s\" and \"%2$s\"? (Can anyone explain it in layman's terms?)", + "input": "", + "output": "The parameter ```'items_wrap'``` for ```wp_nav_menu()``` defaults to: \n```'%3$s'\n```\nThis a a template that is parsed with ```sprintf()```:\n```$nav_menu .= sprintf(\n $args->items_wrap\n, esc_attr( $wrap_id ) // %1$s\n, esc_attr( $wrap_class ) // %2$s\n, $items // %3$s\n);\n```\nThe numbered placeholders – ```%1$s```, ```%2$s```, ```%3$s``` – refer to the arguments after the first argument in ```sprintf()```. The percent sign marks a placeholder, the number the position and the type ```s``` means it should be treated as a string.\nDo not change the type unless you really know what you do. :)\n\n* ```$wrap_id``` is the parameter ```'menu_id'``` if you have it set, else it is ```'menu-' . $menu->slug```.\n* ```$wrap_class``` is the parameter ```'menu_class'``` if you have it set, else it is empty.\n* ```$items``` is a string of the inner content of the menu.\n\nLet’s say you don’t need a ```class```. Just omit the second string:\n```wp_nav_menu( array( 'items_wrap' => '%3$s' ) );\n```\nIf you don’t need the ```class``` and the ```id```, and you want another container (because you used a custom walker):\n```wp_nav_menu( array( 'items_wrap' => '%3$s' ) );\n```\nThe main point is: You have to use the numbers for the replacements given in ```wp_nav_menu()```. ```%3$s``` is always the list of items.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I've noticed that people on YouTube and even on TV would sometimes say things like \"I used to take lots of coke a few years ago\" or \"I used to smoke weed daily until this and that\" or \"Yea, I smoke weed every once in a while,\" or \"I used to pirate games a lot when I was a bit younger\" or \"I used pirated Windows and Photoshop until I got a job,\" etc., etc..\nBasically they are confessing to a crime, on public record, couldn't anyone come after them? They've already confessed - technically all that would have to be done is a trial.\nHow do people publicly admit to criminal activity and not typically get arrested?", + "input": "", + "output": "Unless the Youtube Video shows them committing a crime, then no, they couldn't be arrested and tried for a crime. Them saying it, not under oath, is just hearsay that has no evidentiary value unless there is already other evidence they have committed a crime. In that case, its an admission. But there must be other, either circumstantial, or actual physical evidence of a crime.\n\nPast intoxication is not a crime, either. Possession of drugs, if caught with them is. But saying you got high is not.\n\nPeople have walked into police stations and confessed to murders. But with no evidence, no body, no name of a missing person, they can't even be held after the holding period for investigatory purposes expires. \n\nIf the video shows them committing assault, or breaking and entering (there actually are idiots who post this stuff), the video is actual evidence of a crime and it is often used against them. The statements can be used to begin an investigation, but people don't usually confess to anything worth pursuing even an investigation. The fact that someone says they used to do something criminal is not enough. For all you ( meaning anyone ) knows, the statute of limitations has expired because they \"pirated games\" 10 years ago. Your comment is right on.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Did two dissenting Supreme Court justices agree that Trump was \"absolutely immune\" to the Manhattan DA's subpoena?", + "input": "", + "output": "If you are interested in the gory details, please see the full decision in Trump v. Vance. The first half of the linked document contains the Court's majority opinion and the concurring opinion of Justices Kavanaugh and Gorsuch, followed by the separate dissenting opinions of Justices Thomas and Alito.\nBased on a quick read, it's apparent that Justice Thomas agrees with the general court's opinion that a sitting President "is not entitled to absolute immunity from issuance of [a] subpoena". Thomas dissents on the grounds that the President "may be entitled to relief against [a subpoena's] enforcement" based on his special status as president. Thomas argues (agreeing with the president) that the case should be vacated and returned to the lower court, so that the President can argue that his duties to the nation take up all of his time and attention and he thus deserves relief from the subpoena.\nJustice Alito makes a stronger dissent. While he agrees that a sitting President is not absolutely immune from a state subpoena, he argues that such a subpoena should not be enforced unless it meets a stringent legal test, such that:\n\n* It does not interfere with the President's execution of his duties of office, and\n* It carries a weight of urgency — e.g., subpoenaing information related to suspected treason — as a guarantee it is not merely issued to harass.\n\nIn the absence of those conditions, in Alito's opinion, the President is only subject to the constitutional process of impeachment and trial in Congress.\nSo no, neither dissenting Justice suggests that the President is absolutely immune from this kind of subpoena. Instead, they are concerned that the issuance of such subpoenas might negatively impact on the President's ability to perform the duties of the office, and argue that the President might legitimately be granted varying degrees of relief from such legal actions at a court's discretion.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Just curious, given how heavily from Tolkien D&D drew, and the fact that games like Wizardry used Hobbits, is there a good design reason why Gygax and company used Halflings (a term that also appears in Tolkien) vice Hobbits as the term for our little friends?", + "input": "", + "output": "Halflings were originally called hobbits prior to a legal challenge.\nAccording to Gary Gygax himself, it was due to a legal claim on "hobbit" by a company who purchased the merchandising rights on Tolkien's works in 1976:\n\nTSR was served with papers threatening damages to the tune of half a mil by the Saul Zantes (sp?) division of Elan Merchandising on behalf of the tolkien Estate. The main objection was to the boardgame we were publishing, The Battle of Five Armies. The author of that game had given us a letter from his attorney claiming the work was grandfathered because it was published after the copyrights for JRRT's works had lapsed and before any renewals were made. The action also demanded we remove balrog, dragon, dwarf, elf, ent, goblin, hobbit, orc, and warg from the D&D game. Although only balrog and warg were unique names we agreed to hobbit as well, kept the rest, of course. The boardgame was dumped, and thus the suit was settled out of court at that.\n\nHalflings were originally called "hobbits" in the Dungeons & Dragons box set first released in 1974. Later printings changed this to "halfling".\nAccording to The Acaeum, this change occurred between the fifth printing (Dec 1975 - Apr 1976) and sixth printing (1977), with the six printing being marked the Original Collector's Edition. However, Tim Kask has said that box sets were generally thrown together with whichever printings of the books were on hand, so the distinctions between printings are inexact. The Acaeum notes at least one box set shipped having the revised booklets but no Original Collector's Edition mark.\nDue to an oversight, a single reference to "hobbit" remained on page 6 of Men & Magic, which was fixed in the 2013 Deluxe reprint and PDF copies.\nAccording to Wikipedia, J.R.R. Tolkien sold the film, stage, and merchandising rights to The Hobbit and Lord of the Rings to United Artists in 1968, who sold them in turn to Saul Zaentz in 1976. Zaents would go on to produce the 1978 Lord of the Rings animated movie.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "My USB drive used to be originally 8GB when I bought it.\nI'm trying to reformatted in Windows 7 by right clicking on the drive and selecting ```Format...```. But the capacity only shows 250MB.\nIs there something I can do to get the original size back? Maybe it got partitioned in a weird way? \nThe flash drive is a SanDisk Cruzer Micro 8GB. ", + "input": "", + "output": "The command line procedure is not simple, but it is the most likely thing to work. \nWhen re-formatting the \"drive\" you're actually only formatting a partition on the drive. You need to use the diskpart utility to remove the partitions and create 1 single partition covering the full volume.\n```diskpart``` can be a bit dangerous, because if you pick the wrong disk or partition, you can remove data or partitions that are extremely, EXTREMELY important and lose all data on your machine. \nProceed with extreme caution!\nOpen up a command prompt as administrator (open the start menu, type ```cmd``` and press Enter.)\nType ```diskpart``` and press Enter. You'll end up with a new prompt that looks like this:\n```DISKPART>\n```\nType\n```list disk \n```\nand you'll get a listing of all drives on your machine. \nType\n```select disk # \n```\nto select a disk, where ```#``` is the number of the disk Windows screw-balled. Usually, the device is disk 1, but it's always best to make sure.\nThen type\n```list partition \n```\nto get a listing of all partitions on the disk.\nIf you're sure you have the right disk/partition, you can then repeat typing\n```select partition # \ndelete partition \n```\nuntil all partitions are removed from that drive (you may need to type ```delete partition override``` for protected partitions).\nOnce the drive is empty, exit diskpart and remove the drive. Wait at least 5 minutes, then re-insert the drive. DO NOT CLICK FORMAT – this will most likely re-create the problem. Instead, enter diskpart again, and select the disk. Then type\n```create partition primary \n```\nOnce you have created the partition, exit ```diskpart``` and, in the command promt, type \n```diskmgmt.msc \n```\nThis will provide a reliable way to create a FAT32 partition. On the drive you would like to format (NEVER TOUCH DISK 0!), right click and select ```format```. The ```allocation unit size``` option should be default, and the ```File System``` option should be set to ```FAT32```. The format may take a while, depending on the disk size, be patient.\nThis should fix partition troubles on any readable USB flash drive.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am a Tor developer. I understand that the .onion address is a public key of sorts, but not much more than that (I can vaguely guess, though). When nobody knows the IP of the .onion address, how do requests reach it? Are they bounced between nodes in the P2P network till someone decrypts it with the corresponding private key?", + "input": "", + "output": "Up to at least October 2013 the hidden services work like this:\n\n* A hidden service calculates its key pair (private and public key, asymmetric encryption).\n* Then the hidden service picks some relays as its introduction points.\n* It tells its public key to those introduction points over Tor circuits.\n* After that the hidden-service creates a hidden service descriptor, containing its public key and what its introduction points are.\n* The hidden service signs the hidden service descriptor with its private key.\n* It then uploads the hidden service descriptor to a distributed hash table (DHT).\n* Clients learn the .onion address from a hidden service out-of-band. (e.g. public website) (A $hash.onion is a 16 character name derived from the service's public key.)\n* After retrieving the .onion address the client connects to the DHT and asks for that $hash.\n* If it exists the client learns about the hidden service's public key and its introduction points.\n* The client picks a relay at random to build a circuit to it, to tell it a one-time secret. The picked relay acts as rendezvous point.\n* The client creates a introduce message, containing the address of the rendezvous point and the one-time secret, before encrypting the message with the hidden service's public key.\n* The client sends its message over a Tor circuit to one of the introduction points, demanding it to be forwarded to the hidden service.\n* The hidden service decrypts the introduce message with its private key to learn about the rendezvous point and the one-time secret.\n* The hidden service creates a rendezvous message, containing the one-time secret and sends it over a circuit to the rendezvous point.\n* The rendezvous point tells the client that a connection was established.\n* Client and hidden service talk to each other over this rendezvous point. All traffic is end-to-end encrypted and the rendezvous point just relays it back and forth. Note that each of them, client and hidden service, build a circuit to the rendezvous point; at three hops per circuit this makes six hops in total.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have been offered a PhD position by an inexperienced professor in a great institution in Europe. Despite the fact that the institution is very strong in my area, since the position was offered by this particular professor, I would have to commit myself to working with him for my thesis. This professor is young, and relatively inexperienced, but I enjoy the things he works on, and we seem to get along well.\nMy question is, would having an inexperienced advisor hurt my growth as a scientist, or my career in general? Will I have the time during my PhD to also work on the side with other, more renowned professors in the department, or is one usually focused in a single research project?", + "input": "", + "output": "An inexperienced advisor can hurt your career by being relatively unknown. This means they may not have access to the same network and that their recommendation letters do not carry the same weight. Inexperience in supervision may, for example, lead to unrealistic expectations. Or an inexperienced advisor can be very good for your career, by quickly rising to fame with the awesome publications the two of you will write together and being fresh in everybody's memory when writing recommendation letters. They may spend plenty of time on working with you.\n\nAn experienced advisor can hurt your career by being never there. They may already have made their name, have extremely high expectations from PhD students, to the level of cause them to be overly stressed and quit. Or they may be very good for your career, as dedicated as can be to PhD students, prioritising them above most other duties, having realistic expectations from PhD students, and having great influence when writing recommendation letters.\n\nBottom line: an experienced advisor may be better for you than an inexperienced one, but that certainly does not have to be the case. And keep in mind: a very good/famous scientist is not always a very good PhD advisor.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is there a phrase that means \"too important\" and \"attracting too much attention\"?", + "input": "", + "output": "There is the term \"overdominant\":\n\nFrom Collins dictionary:\n\n>overdominant [adjective]\n excessively dominant\n To begin with, the design aspect is the most striking and arguably remains overdominant. [Times, Sunday Times (2010)]\n\n\nHere is an example:\n\n> [Steps must be taken to prevent any one] religious or ethnic group being overdominant. Otherwise, we will see a repeat of the unfortunate history of much of the 20th Century...\n\nOther possible terms that have similar meaning include \"overpowered\", \"obtrusive\" and \"preponderant\".", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "This guy claims that Olympic powerlifters working in the 1-6 rep range can increase strength without increasing muscle size. \n\n> Trained Olympic lifters, for example, were shown over a two-year period to have significant strength increases with barely noticeable increases in muscle mass (Hakkinen et al, 1988). I had a similar experience when I used AST's Max-OT principals. My strength went up like crazy, but I gained very little size. Obviously, traditional strength training with low volume and low sets (1-6 reps, 3 or less sets) is not the best approach. Strength training does cause hypertrophy (Hakkinen et al, 1985), but it won't cause maximum hypertrophy.\n\nWhat is the scientific explanation for this? Is the inverse true? That is, can a buff guy (with lots of prominent muscle) actually be weak? ", + "input": "", + "output": "Certainly there is a correlation between muscle mass and strength, but there is more to the story. Two reasons why muscle mass and strength may not be completely congruous are:\n\n* Muscle fiber density\n* Muscle utilization\n\nDensity:\nYour muscles are composed of four different types of fibers (slow-twitch, and three forms of fast-twitch). These fibers have different profiles in terms of force applied and recovery time. Slow twitch fibers, for example, recover quickly but have less force as there are fewer muscle fibers per bundle, compared with the fast-twitch fibers. \nExtra water in the form of glycogen can also cause muscles to take up more volume with the same amount of actual muscle. This glycogen can be a ready source of energy for the muscles, but isn't going to increase their maximum theoretical force for a single heavy lift (per Olympic competition) where endurance through a long set isn't at issue.\nUtilization:\nThe average person is able to utilize 20-30% of their total theoretical muscle strength when trying their hardest. (Ref. Tsatsouline, Power To The People) Top lifters use perhaps 50% of their theoretical strength. Olympic and powerlifting-style training focuses on training the neural pathways to utilize a greater percentage of the available muscle mass. Since muscle fibers contract all internal cells (the all-or-nothing principal), this training is focused on convincing a greater proportion of fiber bundles to contract during a lift. \n\nCan a buff guy be weak? \nWell, it depends on your definition of buff. A cut guy can be weak (compared to a strength athlete), because muscle definition is more about having low body fat covering the muscle than it is about having large muscles. \nA bodybuilder with decent volume won't be able to lift as much as a comparable powerlifter because he/she doesn't train for strength per se. It seems worth noting that Olympic/power lifters also want to minimize their size (except for the heavyweights) because it affects their weight class in competition, so there is an added incentive to train for neural utilization over additional muscle mass.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What are the major concerns about planting trees to create carbon offsets?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are some common concerns about using tree planting projects to create carbon offsets:\n\n* The scheme actually has a net positive effect, both in the short and long-term/\nHow effective a tree planting scheme is in capturing and storing carbon dioxide, is for a large part determined by what happens to the trees after they are planted. When trees mature and are harvested for wood that's used in construction, then the captured carbon dioxide is stored for a long time (until the wood decomposes or is burned). However, if no trees are replanted after harvesting this will have had a one-time effect only. Also when wood is burned (for energy or in a wild fire), or if trees die quickly and decompose, then their captured carbon is released again. Of course all trees die eventually even when they are not harvested, this is part of the natural cycle, but a mature forest can store a lot more carbon than a young, newly-planted forest so it's important to keep a forest intact as much as possible.\n\n* The wrong type(s) of trees are planted in the wrong location.\nIn the past there were bad offsetting schemes that planted non-native trees, or planted trees in a location where they would change water flows and thus change local ecosystems in a negative way. Some offsetting schemes planted thousands of trees of the same species, resulting in a large monoculture. Such a monoculture hinders biodiversity, is susceptible to diseases and can even damage local communities.\nThere have also been reports that planting trees above a certain latitude can have a net warming effect by changing the albedo and trapping heat. \n\n* Buying offsets reduces the incentive for people to reduce their emissions.\nReducing emissions is much more effective than offsetting. Buying carbon offsets can lead to people thinking they are doing the right thing, whereas they had better spent their time and effort in reducing their emissions. Of course this point goes for all offsetting-schemes and is not specifically for planting trees.\n\n* There are more effective ways of reducing carbon emissions than planting trees.\nNowadays many offsetting schemes invest in development of renewable energy sources (in developing countries) instead of planting trees, simply because it is a more effective and cheaper way to reduce emissions.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am wondering how to generate uniformly distributed points on the surface of the 3-d unit sphere? Also after generating those points, what is the best way to visualize and check whether they are truly uniform on the surface $x^2+y^2+z^2=1$?", + "input": "", + "output": "A standard method is to generate three standard normals and construct a unit vector from them. That is, when $X_i \\sim N(0,1)$ and $\\lambda^2 = X_1^2 + X_2^2 + X_3^2$, then $(X_1/\\lambda, X_2/\\lambda, X_3/\\lambda)$ is uniformly distributed on the sphere. This method works well for $d$-dimensional spheres, too.\nIn 3D you can use rejection sampling: draw $X_i$ from a uniform$[-1,1]$ distribution until the length of $(X_1, X_2, X_3)$ is less than or equal to 1, then--just as with the preceding method--normalize the vector to unit length. The expected number of trials per spherical point equals $2^3/(4 \\pi / 3)$ = 1.91. In higher dimensions the expected number of trials gets so large this rapidly becomes impracticable.\nThere are many ways to check uniformity. A neat way, although somewhat computationally intensive, is with Ripley's K function. The expected number of points within (3D Euclidean) distance $\\rho$ of any location on the sphere is proportional to the area of the sphere within distance $\\rho$, which equals $\\pi\\rho^2$. By computing all interpoint distances you can compare the data to this ideal.\nGeneral principles of constructing statistical graphics suggest a good way to make the comparison is to plot variance-stabilized residuals $e_i(d_{[i]} - e_i)$ against $i = 1, 2, \\ldots, n(n-1)/2=m$ where $d_{[i]}$ is the $i^\\text{th}$ smallest of the mutual distances and $e_i = 2\\sqrt{i/m}$. The plot should be close to zero. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In Shutter Island, at the end of the movie Teddy had a chat with Chuck, in that scene Teddy told to Chuck as,\n\n Which would be worse: To live as a monster, or to die as a good man?\n\nWhat's the implicit meaning of this dialogue? Who's the monster as Teddy mentioned?\nAnd, who's a good man?", + "input": "", + "output": "To Live as a Monster\nIf he accepts his guilt and becomes sane he will become the Monster. His delusions are his brains way of removing this guilt and hiding the fact that he ignored his family, did not act on his wife's mental illness, allowed her to murder their children and then murdered her. By accepting what the doctors are telling him he will need to go on living in the knowledge that he allowed terrible things to happen and did terrible things. The doctors will be able to treat him without a lobotomy but he will be fully aware of the crimes he committed. \nTo die as a good man\nIn his delusion he is a good man. He truly believes that he is on the side of law and order and that he is doing right. If he chooses to continue to believe this he will be lobotomised and will no longer have relevant brain function to question what he did or did not do. The death is not literal as the other answer suggests. It is about the fact that if he continues to believe he is this good man he will be lobotomised and effectively \"die\" believing in this. He will not die in a literal sense until later, but he will do so in the belief he was a good man. \nWhat is most exciting and cathartic about this decision is that this appears to be a moment of lucidity where he understands what has happened and is not in thrall of his delusions. He at this point of lucidity makes the decision that he can not live with his crimes and would prefer to lie to his doctor as he knows this will result in his lobotomy. \nBy making the statement to his doctor he makes him aware of this also and by virtue of this you could also argue that he is being a good man by electing to be punished as well as the belief in his delusion that he is good. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "To set the minimal distance between flexbox items I'm using ```margin: 0 5px``` on ```.item``` and ```margin: 0 -5px``` on container. For me it seems like a hack, but I can't find any better way to do this.\n\n\n```#box {\n display: flex;\n width: 100px;\n margin: 0 -5px;\n}\n.item {\n background: gray;\n width: 50px;\n height: 50px;\n margin: 0 5px;\n}```\n```\n \n \n \n \n```\n\n\n", + "input": "", + "output": "This solution will work for all cases even if there are multiple rows or any number of elements. But the count of the section should be same you want 4 in first row and 3 is second row it won't work that way the space for the 4th content will be blank the container won't fill.\nWe are using ```display: grid;``` and its properties.\n\n\n```#box {\n display: grid;\n width: 100px;\n grid-gap: 5px;\n /* Space between items */\n grid-template-columns: repeat(4,1fr);\n /* Decide the number of columns(4) and size(1fr | 1 Fraction | you can use pixels and other values also) */\n}\n.item {\n background: gray;\n width: 100%;\n /* width is not necessary only added this to understand that width works as 100% to the grid template allocated space **DEFAULT WIDTH WILL BE 100%** */\n height: 50px;\n}```\n```\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n```\n\n\n\nThe Downside of this method is in Mobile Opera Mini will not be supported and in PC this works only after IE10.\nNote for complete browser compatability including IE11 please use Autoprefixer\n\nOLD ANSWER\nDon't think of it as an old solution, it's still one of the best if you only want single row of elements and it will work with all the browsers.\nThis method is used by CSS sibling combination, so you can manipulate it many other ways also, but if your combination is wrong it may cause issues also.\n```.item+.item{\n margin-left: 5px;\n}\n```\nThe below code will do the trick. In this method, there is no need to give ```margin: 0 -5px;``` to the ```#box``` wrapper.\nA working sample for you:\n\n\n```#box {\n display: flex;\n width: 100px;\n}\n.item {\n background: gray;\n width: 22px;\n height: 50px;\n}\n.item+.item{\n margin-left: 5px;\n}```\n```\n \n \n \n \n```\n\n\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is there a Git for data? The key improvement I'd want is to Diff/Merge more intelligently. e.g. in CSV rather than line vs line comparison, it would do cell vs cell.\nAnd ordering is usually not significant, e.g. rows in a CSV, whereas Git does care and presents the user with 'conflicts'.", + "input": "", + "output": "Please note that ```git``` has two configuration commands:\n```git config filter..clean\ngit config filter..smudge\n```\nThe ```clean``` filter can be used e.g. to sort all records in a CSV file except the top row, thus making re-ordering irrelevant.\nQuoting ```gitattributes(5)``` :\n\nA filter driver consists of a clean command and a smudge command, either of which can be left unspecified. Upon checkout, when the smudge command is specified, the command is fed the blob object from its standard input, and its standard output is used to update the worktree file. Similarly, the clean command is used to convert the contents of worktree file upon checkin.\nA missing filter driver definition in the config is not an error but makes the filter a no-op passthru.\nThe content filtering is done to massage the content into a shape that is more convenient for the platform, filesystem, and the user to use. The key phrase here is "more convenient" and not "turning something unusable into usable". In other words, the intent is that if someone unsets the filter driver definition, or does not have the appropriate filter program, the project should still be usable.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have been puzzling over where to put the submit button, on the left or the right. In researching, I noticed that many sites put buttons on the bottom right in dialogue boxes, and on the bottom left in forms.\nIt makes sense: in a dialogue box it seems to denote finality, being in the endpoint of the window for left–right readers; in a form, the bottom right could be in a different position relative to the rest of the form if the window is resized.\nIt seems to be a convention, but should the OK/Cancel buttons be aligned right or centered?\nShould the OK/Cancel buttons be aligned right or centered?", + "input": "", + "output": "Where to put the submit button should be decided in order to meet user expectations, it was best to put the button in the place that users expect to find it in the context of the form or dialogue they are using and with regard to the window size.\nForms tend to be left justified while the browser window can leave a ton of white space to fill up a large monitor (especially in full-screen mode). Since the users' eyes never leave the left portion of the window, we place the button on the bottom left. This is especially important for forms that use the field name above the field, with most fields lying flush left on the form (as opposed to fields to the right of their names).\nSmall Dialogue & Modal Windows are fixed width and tend to be small. Most contain simple phrases or questions, read right to left: having a button on the bottom right feels like both the most progressive position and the final resting place for the eye. Were the modal window large enough to contain a long form, we would probably follow the first principal for forms.\nIn the end, the heuristic is this:\n\n* Large Windows & Forms get the button on the bottom left.\n* Small Windows & Dialogues get the button on the bottom right.\n\nNote the buttons on stackexchange sites:\n\n* Post Your Answer button at the bottom-left of the longer form\n\n* Add Comment button to the right of a small field\n\nFurthermore, with mobile-first responsive being the new law of the land, the button placement varies even more based on context and user expectation. Sometimes, it's in the middle, too!\nWe're now starting to just put buttons on the left for even small forms if they're inline … and more forms are showing up inline through javascript.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is it at all possible to update object's properties with ```setState```?\nSomething like:\n```this.state = {\n jasper: { name: 'jasper', age: 28 },\n}\n```\nI have tried: \n```this.setState({jasper.name: 'someOtherName'});\n```\nand this:\n```this.setState({jasper: {name: 'someothername'}})\n```\nThe first results in a syntax error and the second just does nothing. Any ideas?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are multiple ways of doing this, since state update is a async operation, so to update the state object, we need to use updater function with ```setState```.\n1- Simplest one:\nFirst create a copy of ```jasper``` then do the changes in that:\n```this.setState(prevState => {\n let jasper = Object.assign({}, prevState.jasper); // creating copy of state variable jasper\n jasper.name = 'someothername'; // update the name property, assign a new value\n return { jasper }; // return new object jasper object\n})\n```\nInstead of using ```Object.assign``` we can also write it like this:\n```let jasper = { ...prevState.jasper };\n```\n2- Using spread syntax:\n```this.setState(prevState => ({\n jasper: { // object that we want to update\n ...prevState.jasper, // keep all other key-value pairs\n name: 'something' // update the value of specific key\n }\n}))\n```\nNote: ```Object.assign``` and ```Spread Operator``` creates only shallow copy, so if you have defined nested object or array of objects, you need a different approach.\n\nUpdating nested state object:\nAssume you have defined state as:\n```this.state = {\n food: {\n sandwich: {\n capsicum: true,\n crackers: true,\n mayonnaise: true\n },\n pizza: {\n jalapeno: true,\n extraCheese: false\n }\n }\n}\n```\nTo update extraCheese of pizza object:\n```this.setState(prevState => ({\n food: {\n ...prevState.food, // copy all other key-value pairs of food object\n pizza: { // specific object of food object\n ...prevState.food.pizza, // copy all pizza key-value pairs\n extraCheese: true // update value of specific key\n }\n }\n}))\n```\nUpdating array of objects:\nLets assume you have a todo app, and you are managing the data in this form:\n```this.state = {\n todoItems: [\n {\n name: 'Learn React Basics',\n status: 'pending'\n }, {\n name: 'Check Codebase',\n status: 'pending'\n }\n ]\n}\n```\nTo update the status of any todo object, run a map on the array and check for some unique value of each object, in case of ```condition=true```, return the new object with updated value, else same object.\n```let key = 2;\nthis.setState(prevState => ({\n todoItems: prevState.todoItems.map(\n el => el.key === key? { ...el, status: 'done' }: el\n )\n}))\n```\nSuggestion: If object doesn't have a unique value, then use array index.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the difference between Non-Player Characters (NPCs) and bots in video games?", + "input": "", + "output": "The key distinction is that a Bot represents an automated player; an NPC, by contrast, isn't playing the game at all.\n\nIn general, an NPC is a part of the game; a placed object which is designed by the creator and exists to interact with the player. Examples would include vendors, quest givers, or enemies. In some games, (particularly RPG's), the term is also used to refer to characters under the control of, but not generated by the player. They are often distinguished by having distinct personalities and dialog, whereas a \"\"Player Character\"\" is meant as more of an extension of the player themselves. Think of the companion party members in the Mass Effect series for an example.\n\nA Bot, by contrast, is essentially a player of the game controlled by a computer. This can be populated within a single instance, as a feature in some games (i.e. AI opponents in a normally multiplayer game), or, in some cases, actually represents a separate instance of the application running on a networked computer and being controlled by some manner of AI script (as is common in many MMO's, much to the dismay of the communities playing the game). The term 'Bot' is also often used to refer to software used to enhance or replace the skills of a human player of the game; for example, an 'Aim-Bot' that handles targeting, or a 'Farming Bot' in an MMO that performs tedious or menial tasks. Such bots are usually (though not always), considered cheating and a violation of the Terms of Service of the game in question.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is there anything like ```static class``` in java? What is the meaning of such a class. Do all the methods of the static class need to be ```static``` too? Is it required the other way round, that if a class contains all the static methods, shall the class be static too? What are static classes good for?", + "input": "", + "output": "Java has static nested classes but it sounds like you're looking for a top-level static class. Java has no way of making a top-level class static but you can simulate a static class like this:\n\n* Declare your class ```final``` - Prevents extension of the class since extending a static class makes no sense\n* Make the constructor ```private``` - Prevents instantiation by client code as it makes no sense to instantiate a static class\n* Make all the members and functions of the class ```static``` - Since the class cannot be instantiated no instance methods can be called or instance fields accessed\n* Note that the compiler will not prevent you from declaring an instance (non-static) member. The issue will only show up if you attempt to call the instance member\n\nSimple example per suggestions from above:\n```public class TestMyStaticClass {\n public static void main(String []args){\n MyStaticClass.setMyStaticMember(5);\n System.out.println(\"Static value: \" + MyStaticClass.getMyStaticMember());\n System.out.println(\"Value squared: \" + MyStaticClass.squareMyStaticMember());\n // MyStaticClass x = new MyStaticClass(); // results in compile time error\n }\n}\n// A top-level Java class mimicking static class behavior\npublic final class MyStaticClass {\n private MyStaticClass () { // private constructor\n myStaticMember = 1;\n }\n private static int myStaticMember;\n public static void setMyStaticMember(int val) {\n myStaticMember = val;\n }\n public static int getMyStaticMember() {\n return myStaticMember;\n }\n public static int squareMyStaticMember() {\n return myStaticMember * myStaticMember;\n }\n}\n```\nWhat good are static classes? A good use of a static class is in defining one-off, utility and/or library classes where instantiation would not make sense. A great example is the Math class that contains some mathematical constants such as PI and E and simply provides mathematical calculations. Requiring instantiation in such a case would be unnecessary and confusing. See the ```Math``` class and source code. Notice that it is ```final``` and all of its members are ```static```. If Java allowed top-level classes to be declared ```static``` then the Math class would indeed be static.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "The Episode IV-VI movies never mention the Emperor's name. In Episodes I-III, we can guess that Darth Sidious will be the emperor, but what about Chancellor Palpatine? If the audience didn't know that he was Sidious, the impact of the reveal would be far different than if they did.\nBut I did. In all the novels and comics that came out after \"Return of the Jedi\", the Emperor's name was stated plainly: Palpatine. \nSo when I saw the prologue movies, for the life of me I couldn't figure out: was I supposed to know that Palpatine was the villain? \nMaybe the filmmakers figured that most of the moviegoing public never got into the Expanded Universe. But they had to know that the hardcore fans would know. Or maybe when you watched the movie, even if you hadn't heard of Palpatine, it was supposed to be obvious?\nWhat was the intent?", + "input": "", + "output": "Palpatine's name was first given in the prologue to Alan Dean Foster's novelization of Star Wars (it was credited to Lucas, but he didn't write it), which came out in November 1976, six months before the May 25, 1977 release of the actual film.\nSo Palpatine being the Emperor was literally known before the public ever saw a Star Wars movie. It was, in fact, one of the very first things people could find out about the Star Wars universe.\nThe point of the films wasn't to conceal the fact Palpatine would end up the Emperor (or was Darth Sidious), it was to show that he was a masterful chessmaster who conned everyone, and that in large part it was the good guys responsible for his rise because of their own blindness. Amidala initiated the vote that removed his predecessor. Jar-Jar initiated the vote that gave him emergency powers. The Jedi Council allowed him to operate under their noses. Anakin never suspected he was being manipulated until too late, and so on. Just as the trilogy was meant as a tragedy showing Anakin Skywalker's rise and fall, it was an additional tragedy in that the person responsible for the whole mess was standing right there the entire time, in the case of the celebration at the end of The Phantom Menace quite literally.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "So, students in Gryffindor are supposed to represent bravery. How does Neville represent bravery, to the point in being accepted into the house. I've always thought of his strongest traits being things like loyalty, willingness to work hard, etc, and these things would tend to put him in Hufflepuff. ", + "input": "", + "output": "First of all, in the first 4 years, it isn't really shown that Neville is NOT brave - the only thing he's really afraid of is his Grandmother and maybe Snape during Potions. With good reason. :)\nYou may be confusing a lack of confidence/assertiveness with not being brave, but they are not the same (for a good in-universe illustration of the opposite, think Prof. Lockhart).\nFirst four books, he's clumsy, and is not yet showing any magical talent.\nStarting with the fifth year, Neville is shown to have been changed, and repeatedly proves his bravery and willingness to fight.\nNOTE: He first shows bravery in the First Year (see System's great answer for details), but the real Gryffindor-y Neville emerges in the Fifth year.\nThere's another instance of him showing a Gryffindor quality - more specifically, integrity. He argued with the Hat to sort him into Hufflepuff (src: Pottermore), because he felt he wasn't brave enough to be a Gryffindor.\n\nFifth year\n\n* He joins DA\n\n* He shows marked and significant improvement in his magical abilities while in DA\n\n* He voluntarily joins the DA members who accompany Harry to Ministry of Magic battle in the end of OoP, even arguing with Harry about it:\n\nNeville: "We were all in the D.A. together. It was all supposed to be about fighting You-Know-Who, wasn't it? And this is the first chance we've had to do something real — or was that all just a game or something?"\nHarry: "No — of course it wasn't —"\nNeville: "Then we should come too. We want to help."\n\n\n* During the battle at the Ministry, he refused to leave as per Harry's suggestion after Dolohov broke Neville's nose and wand.\n\n* When being threatened and tortured by Death Eaters, he told Harry not to give them the Prophecy\n\n\nSixth year\n\n* participated in the Battle of the Astronomy Tower. Along with Luna Lovegood, he was the only member of Dumbledore's Army to reply to the summons via the coins.\n\n\nSeventh year\n\n* Neville got in trouble with the Carrows for refusing to practise the Cruciatus Curse on other students as a method of punishment, as well as for standing up against their bigotry and cruelty.\n\n* along with Ginny and Luna, restarted Dumbledore's Army.\n\n* attempted to steal Godric Gryffindor's Sword from Snape's office\n\n* Neville was eventually left alone to lead the rebellion efforts (Luna and Ginny were not in Hogwarts anymore). When avoiding the Death Eaters at one point, Neville stumbled into the Room of Requirement, which he was able to turn into a hiding place for the D.A., and to connect to the Hog's Head in order to get food from Aberforth Dumbledore. By May, most of the D.A. had taken to living there.\n\n* During the first round of battle, Neville used various plants to attack Death Eaters, and helped transport the injured and dead when a temporary cease-fire was called.\n\n* When the Death Eaters approached with a "dead" Harry, Neville stood up in defiance of Voldemort. He was subsequently forced to wear the Sorting Hat as it burned because he refused to join Voldemort. Fortunately, due to Harry's sacrifice, Neville was able to shrug off the Full Body-Bind Curse.\n\n* Because of his tremendous bravery shown on the battlefield, Neville was able to pull Godric Gryffindor's Sword from the burning hat, in the process proving himself a true Gryffindor, something that was doubted constantly throughout due to his apparently weak-willed, shy, and bumbling nature. In a single stroke, he killed Nagini, destroying Voldemort's last remaining Horcrux.\n\n* Neville subsequently teamed up with Ron Weasley as the defenders of Hogwarts and Death Eaters were forced into the Great Hall and defeated Fenrir Greyback.\n\nAll in all, pretty convincing evidence of someone's bravery.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "This claim was made popular by being said in the movie The Social Network. It exactly says:\n\n> Did you know there are more people with genius IQs living in China than there are people of any kind living in the United States?\n", + "input": "", + "output": "This claim can actually be tested very easily. Others have done it, e.g. Brian Dickerson: The perils of repeating political nonsense and came to the conclusion that the claim was wrong.\n\nYou just need the chance a random person from a large group has a genius level IQ, then multiply it with the number of people in China and compare the result with the number of people in the USA. The IQ follows a Gaussian distribution where 100 is the mean by definition and a standard deviation (SD) of 15 (after Wechsler) or 16 (after Stanford-Binet). The rarity of a particular IQ can be calculated easily and are listed by the IQ Comparison Site. These numbers give the percentage of people with an IQ equal or lower than the given IQ and the rarity of this occurring.\n\nThe main question actually is what an genius level IQ is. There is no definite answer. According to the IQ Comparison Site, it is 140 or higher (\"Genius or near genius\") while another source states it as at least 160.\nThe rarity of such an IQ is 1/261 (with a SD of 15) or 1/161 (SD=16) for an IQ of 140 and 1/31,560 (SD=15) or 1/11,307 (SD=16) for an IQ of 160 according to Wikipedia. \n\nThe population of USA for 2012 is about 313,221,000 according to the U.S. Census Bureau. The population of China for 2011 is about 1,370,537,000.\nTaking the lowest rarity of 1/161 from above then there are about 1,370,537,000/161 = about 8,513,000 geniuses in China, which is significantly less then the 313,221,000 Americans.\nIf you take the 15 SD value of 1/261 then you get only about 5,251,000 Chinese geniuses.\nWith the 160 IQ points, which are more realistic to indicate a real genius, the numbers are even smaller (about 43,400 or 12,100). Note that 1,370,537,000/313,221,000 = 4.375, so in order for this claim to be true actually one of every four (or say five) Chinese would need to be a Genius. Even without the numbers above, it can be easily understood that this is not the case.\nConclusion: This claim is wrong according to the definition and probabilities of the IQ.\n\nSupplement:\nIt has been pointed out, that there are published research results showing that China and other Asian countries have a higher average IQ of about 106 (or even as high as 115) as the normed average of 100. This would increase the number of geniuses in China: The above factor of 1/161 would drop to about 1/60 or, for a Chinese average of 115, even to about 1/17. These numbers can be easily calculated using the standard deviation, e.g. using MS Excel's function ```NORM.DIST(140, 106, 16, TRUE)```. However, both these factors are not in any way close to the US/Chinese population ratio of about 1/4.375, so the original conclusion still holds.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am trying to get my program to print out ```\"banana\"``` from the dictionary. What would be the simplest way to do this?\nThis is my dictionary: \n```prices = {\n \"banana\" : 4,\n \"apple\" : 2,\n \"orange\" : 1.5,\n \"pear\" : 3\n}\n```", + "input": "", + "output": "As of Python 3.7, insertion order is maintained, so you don't need an ```OrderedDict``` here. You can use the below approaches with a normal ```dict```\n\nChanged in version 3.7: Dictionary order is guaranteed to be insertion order. This behavior was an implementation detail of CPython from 3.6.\n\nsource\n\nPython 3.6 and earlier*\nIf you are talking about a regular ```dict```, then the "first key" doesn't mean anything. The keys are not ordered in any way you can depend on. If you iterate over your ```dict``` you will likely not get ```"banana"``` as the first thing you see.\nIf you need to keep things in order, then you have to use an ```OrderedDict``` and not just a plain dictionary.\n```import collections\nprices = collections.OrderedDict([\n ("banana", 4),\n ("apple", 2),\n ("orange", 1.5),\n ("pear", 3),\n])\n```\nIf you then wanted to see all the keys in order you could do so by iterating through it\n```for k in prices:\n print(k)\n```\nYou could, alternatively put all of the keys into a list and then work with that\n```keys = list(prices)\nprint(keys[0]) # will print "banana"\n```\nA faster way to get the first element without creating a list would be to call ```next``` on the iterator. This doesn't generalize nicely when trying to get the ```nth``` element though\n```>>> next(iter(prices))\n'banana'\n```\n* CPython had guaranteed insertion order as an implementation detail in 3.6.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Different coffee packets advertise different amounts of 'Robusta' and 'Arabica'? What do these terms refer to, and how does it affect the taste of the coffee?", + "input": "", + "output": "\n\n* One reason that the taste isn't as good for Robusta is that it has more caffeine compared to Arabica. Which may sound like a positive thing but caffeine carries a bitter taste which makes it an unpleasant drink. In fact the Robusta bean has 2.7% caffeine content, almost double the 1.5% of Arabica.\n* Arabica contains almost 60% more lipids and almost twice the concentration of sugar than Robusta. This factor also probably has a big impact on why we prefer the taste of Arabica.\n* From a price perspective, green beans of Robusta is about half the price of Arabica green beans on the commodity market.\n* Robusta is easier to tend to on the farm, has a higher yield and is less sensitive to insects - the extra caffeine is a chemical defense for the coffee seed as the quantity in the Robusta is toxic to bugs.\n\nAll of these factors help bring up the supply and lower the input costs for farmers to produce. With this more attractive price point, a lot of roasters back in the day would add Robusta to their blend in an attempt to reduce their costs and increase their profits. When coffee was initially sold in the 1900s the quality of coffee slowly and slowly deteriorated in an effort for companies to squeeze the most profit.\nWhere you’ll find it: Nowadays, it’s not often you’ll find Robusta in a coffee blends or in coffee shop. If you’re drinking instant coffee? Well, that’s probably all Robusta… but you probably don’t care very much about taste. In your espresso blend? That’s a mixed bag. Literally. Oddly enough, Robusta is still widely used as part of espresso blends – specifically Italian style blends. It is said to help improve the crema.\nOne thing to note is despite the association with Arabica of being higher quality, and Robusta as being lower quality, it’s not always the case. Top notch specialty Robusta coffee will usually taste as good as or better than low end Arabica. However, high end Robusta isn’t widely used or available. Rather, Robusta is usually used as a filler or cost reducer.\n\n* Robusta beans are much more circular, whereas Arabica are more oval.\n* Chlorogenic acid is a significant antioxidant and an insect deterrent. Robusta is 7-10% CGA and Arabica has 5.5-8% CGA.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "So whenever we want to shoot our flash before taking a photo. we have to charge it first.\nWhat is the point of the charging our flashes? Aren't their power directly supplied by the battery of our camera?\nPlease answer for the built in flash on the 2000D and the traditional hot shoe Xenon flashes.\nPerhaps these hot shoe xenon flashes have their own batteries charged by the slow hot shoe port. Who knows? ", + "input": "", + "output": "The peak power at work when a flash is being discharged is extreme.\nExample: a classic Metz 45CT (a large but still handheld unit) on full manual power delivers around 90 watt-seconds of electrical output to the flash tube in 1/300s. That means there are 27000 watts at work for a short time.\nA 27000 watt lightbulb (BTW, your flash is much brighter than that - more efficient!) would need the ampacity of around eight european household sockets (230V, fused at 13 or 16 amps) to operate, since it would draw around 120 ampere from them. At the voltage levels xenon flash tubes typically operate at, around 80 amperes will flow; if you wanted to pull that energy \"live\" from a 5-6V battery, you'd need to pull around 5000 amperes AND instantaneously convert them to around 80 amperes at high voltage. Batteries that could deliver 5000 amps - while not wasting most of the power as heat generated across their internal resistance - for a short duration and live certainly exist - you are looking at starter batteries for big lorries, which are rather inconvenient to lug around. Also, a 5000 ampere current pulse is quite a magnetic nuisance if there is anything either ferromagnetic or intended as an electrical conductor near the conductors used.\nYour average \"big\" speedlite, btw, will be around half the power described here (but might in some cases reach the same or higher peak currents in order to discharge even faster), an in-camera flash will be a fraction of these numbers - but still inconvenient to build any other way.\nIf you need a short, massive current pulse, the best energy source available in engineering is a previously charged capacitor (metal-paper or electrolytic type, not dual-layer \"supercap\"). This energy storage device is large for its storage capacity if you compare it to a battery - but able to respond far quicker to high current demand, since a) there is no chemical energy conversion involved in its operation, b) the relevant current path only involves metallic, very conductive parts instead of ionic conductors (aka electrolytes. An electrolytic capacitor, btw, does use its electrolyte for chemical self-upkeep, not for chemical energy storage or electrical connectivity). \nAlso, since the charge in a a capacitor is limited, it allows portioning total energy to what the flashlamp can safely take. This allows a flash in manual mode to just completely discharge the capacitor until it is nearly empty (when the remaining charge can only deliver voltage below the quench voltage of the flashlamp) without complex control circuitry - and at the same time gives you a safety fallback when working with dynamically controlled power levels (telecomputer or TTL mode), leaving no way for catastrophic circuit failure in combination with several kilowatts of constant power available turning into a massive safety hazard. A handheld-sized efficient electrical near point light source with 27000W input, driven constantly, would first severely damage your eyes and then self destroy violently (think of a welding arc - dangerously bright, and it melts metal).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What are some strategies to maintain morale and productivity after massive layoffs? I am not in a managerial role, just a lead role, and am asking for myself and my fellow employees.", + "input": "", + "output": "The situation you're describing is tough. Layoffs have a very real impact on both the individuals that are let go and those that remain. I'm sorry you're experiencing this.\nHere are some things to consider that may help you and your colleagues cope with the added stress and emotions following a layoff:\n\n* Acknowledge the layoff and the feelings of your colleagues. Avoiding the topic can extend negative feelings and disenfranchise those most impacted. You should find an opportunity to connect with your colleagues for an honest conversation about your feelings following the layoff. Perhaps reach out to hold a number of 1-on-1 conversations, or gather your team for an off-site lunch and prompt the discussion.\n* Acknowledge that everyone will be impacted differently. Some of your colleagues will feel totally okay and ready to get back to work. Others will feel anxious and worried in a way that prevents them from performing the same way they did before the layoff. There is no right or \"professional\" reaction to a layoff. Be open to the feelings and reactions of all of your colleagues equally.\n* Create practical solutions to new processes and responsibilities. If your team now has a greater workload, be a generator of solutions. Try out ideas for making processes in your team more efficient and predictable.\n* Create transparency about the state of the business and potential future staff changes. Layoffs are a clear indication of business trouble. Facilitate sharing facts about the state of the business and actively work to eliminate rumors. Additionally, layoffs will likely cause shifts in responsibility as roles are consolidated or reorganized. Make clear who has specific responsibilities both inside and outside of your team. Actively eliminate any sources of uncertainty and anxiety that you can.\n* Be a role model. Don't participate in gossip or complaining about the layoff. Don't disparage management or other colleagues in casual conversation. Be a model for professionalism and caring.\n* Maintain work standards and a caring meritocracy. A layoff isn't an excuse for allowing work quality to decline. Additionally, differences in productivity and quality between team members should be consistently and fairly addressed. If a team member is underperforming following the layoff, provide direct feedback and ask what you can do to help.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Could you please clearly explain what is the difference between correlation and convolution that is done by a filter on an image? \nI mean in terms of signal processing definition I know that convolution describes the output of an LTI system, that is if an LTI system produces an output due to convolution with an input system then the output signal can be described as the result of convolution of the input signal and the impulse response of the LTI system. As for the correlation, it describes the similarities between to signals. But how does convolution and correlation effect on a image and how different are they in terms of effects?\nThanks", + "input": "", + "output": "Convolution is correlation with the filter rotated 180 degrees. This makes no difference, if the filter is symmetric, like a Gaussian, or a Laplacian. But it makes a whole lot of difference, when the filter is not symmetric, like a derivative. \nThe reason we need convolution is that it is associative, while correlation, in general, is not. To see why this is true, remember that convolution is multiplication in the frequency domain, which is obviously associative. On the other hand, correlation in the frequency domain is multiplication by the complex conjugate, which is not associative.\nThe associativity of convolution is what allows you to \"pre-convolve\" the filters, so that you only need to convolve the image with a single filter. For example, let's say you have an image $f$, which you need to convolve with $g$ and then with $h$. $f * g * h = f * (g * h)$. That means you can convolve $g$ and $h$ first into a single filter, and then convolve $f$ with it. This is useful, if you need to convolve many images with $g$ and $h$. You can pre-compute $k = g * h$, and then reuse $k$ multple times.\nSo if you are doing template matching, i. e. looking for a single template, correlation is sufficient. But if you need to use multiple filters in succession, and you need to perform this operation on multiple images, it makes sense to convolve the multiple filters into a single filter ahead of time.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "24601 has developed into being an iconic part of both the Les Miserables book and musical. Was that number special to him, or was it simply a random number he chose (I doubt it)?", + "input": "", + "output": "Yes: it corresponds to the date of Hugo's conception.\nThis is part of a pattern of similarities between the character of Jean Valjean and the author himself: both are of similar age, have similar habits and similarly austere lifestyles, and even share the same dreams. This is according to David Bellos's The Novel of the Century: The Extraordinary Adventure of Les Misérables, which concludes Part Three with:\n\nBut Hugo put in a secret sign to remind himself and maybe those who knew him well that there were deep links of identity between the dutiful and persistent ex-convict and himself. Hugo was born on 26 February 1802, but because he was a slightly premature baby, he always believed he had been conceived on 24 June 1801. Valjean's prison number on his first incarceration at Toulon is 24601.\n-- p. 162 (emphasis mine)\n\nAs a bonus, Valjean's second prisoner number was apparently also chosen for its special significance to Hugo: it refers to the month of his daughter Léopoldine's death. From footnote 46 in Kathryn Grossman's Figuring Transcendence in Les Miserables: Hugo's Romantic Sublime:\n\nGaudon demonstrates that this image, which represents genius in one of the poet's earliest carnets (8 July 1820), is a sign of his "deep identification" with Valjean (Temps 547). As further evidence that the hero is an alter ego, Gohin cites the two numbers assigned to him in prison. The first, 24601, refers to the supposed date of Hugo's conception (24 June 1801), while the second, 9430, alludes to Léopoldine's death in September 1843 ("Une histoire" 47; see also 52).\n-- p. 165 (emphasis mine)\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why does Michael Crichton use US Customary measurements in hard sci-fi?", + "input": "", + "output": "Crichton used both imperial and metric, depending on the context.\nIn the course of one paragraph in The Sphere, he managed to use both!\n\n> \"Pacific coral grows two-and-a-half centimeters a year, and the object-- whatever it is-- is covered in about five meters of coral. That's a lot of coral. Of course, coral doesn't grow at a depth of a thousand feet, which means that the present shelf collapsed to a lower depth at some point in the past.\"\n\nWhen the character (Barnes, a Navy captain) is talking about precise measurements, he uses metric. When he's being more general, he uses imperial.\nThe main character Norman (a psychologist, not exactly the most mathematically intensive field) uses imperial when thinking to himself.\n\n> He climbed up through the submarine and into a round steel cylinder approximately eight feet in diameter.\n\nBut later, when the astrophysicist Ted is giving officialish measurements the titular sphere, he uses metric:\n\n> \"This object is a burnished sphere approximately ten meters in a diameter, no solid, and composed of a dense metal alloy.\"\n\nSo the short answer is that Crichton is an American writing American characters for a predominantly American audience. He uses imperial units for clarity, but metric when it would realistically be used.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How can horns, most of which have only three buttons, play all their notes?", + "input": "", + "output": "Put as simply as possible, horns are tubes. Blowing in special ways makes certain notes sound from those tubes. By changing one's embouchure, those notes start at a fundamental, then gradually go up in harmonics. The first notes (in key C) would be C, G, C, E, G.Those notes are the ones we hear when a bugle is played - Reveille, Last Post, etc. Bugles only play the harmonic series of notes, and can't play the ones in between. Read on.\nOn a trumpet, for starters, there are three valves. One drops any open note played by one semitone, another by two semitones, and the other by three semitones. So using a combination of valves, you can lower any open note by up to six semitones.\nLet's take the first G note. To get F♯, press the semitone valve. To get F, press the tone valve. To get E, press two valves to drop a tone and a half. (there's one valve alone that can do this). To play E♭, press the two valves that drop two tones. To get D, press the two valves to drop two and a half tones. And to get C♯, press all three.\nThat's the more complicated bit, as between the open notes, there's more semitones than anywhere else further up in pitch. Notice that between G and the next C, there are only two tones.\nSo at this point, not so many notes are needed, so the valve pressing is more simple. Next, between that C and the E, there's even fewer, so again, not so many valve changes are needed.\nNow, onto trombone. There are actually valve trombones, which work the same as trumpets, etc., but for the standard trombone, imagine those extra lengths of tube brought into play by pressing valves are now a single continuum of tubing, operated by the slide. At various places along that slide, there are all the notes found similarly to pressing valves. There's also loads of extra notes that are going to be out of tune!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am a big fan of worldbuilding. A common sight in science fiction is that aliens pretend to be human (For example in Third Rock from the Sun). Obviously if the aliens are advanced enough to disguise themselves as another species, there are much easier, simpler and less expensive methods to destroy humanity, so why else would an advanced alien civilization waste time, energy and resources to disguise themselves as humans? What possible scientific, cultural or commercial use could such an expensive procedure have?", + "input": "", + "output": "Aliens are alien, without a common background their motives may be incomprehensible.\nIf we assume that these aliens are Hollywood aliens (ie humans with odd-looking rubber bits stuck on their faces) then there are all of the reasons that humans from one culture spend time in another culture and try and learn to fit in:\n\n* Anthropology; studying how a different culture has developed to better understand the developmental processes that influenced your own. Iain M. Banks wrote Inversions (two anthropologists from the Culture investigating a Renaissance-era world) and The State of the Art (a Culture Contact team on Earth ca 1970) in this vein.\n* Tourism; experiencing a culture that is vastly different from your previous experiences.\n* Reality TV; Bear Grylls.\n* Method Acting; preparing for a role in their own entertainment channels that involves playing the part of a member of an Information Age society.\n* Challenge; because they can.\n* Hermitage; there are people here on Earth who prefer to step away from the rat race and all the newfangled gadgets and live as their ancestors did, but usually not all the way back to stone tools. Selecting a developing world and fitting in gives them access to a level of technology between their home culture and being trapped on a desert island.\n* Camouflage; they are being sought by members of their home culture and it's easier to hide and survive amongst us than in their own milieu. There are a lot of examples of this in fiction already: For Richer or Poorer, Men in Black II and it's analogous to fleeing the law and retiring to a country without an extradition treaty.\n* Crash Landing, or a failure that prevents them from going home; if they came on an FTL ship that doesn't have FTL communications they may be waiting a long time for spare parts or updated navigational maps, or if they brought Gilligan who proceeded to ruin all of their plans to return home, or they may have arrived on a slower-than-light colony ship and would prefer to stay here and fit in amongst us rather than try and find another prospective colony.\n* Uplift; meddling to steer us onto the \"right\" path of development and prevent us from immolating ourselves (or vice versa if your species doesn't like the competition).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I've taken a look at the list of surveys taken on scala-lang.org and noticed a curious question: \"Can you name all the uses of “_”?\". Can you? If yes, please do so here. Explanatory examples are appreciated.", + "input": "", + "output": "The following is an explanation of the uses of the underscore is Scala _ [underscore] magic.\nExamples:\n``` def matchTest(x: Int): String = x match {\n case 1 => \"one\"\n case 2 => \"two\"\n case _ => \"anything other than one and two\"\n }\n expr match {\n case List(1,_,_) => \" a list with three element and the first element is 1\"\n case List(_*) => \" a list with zero or more elements \"\n case Map[_,_] => \" matches a map with any key type and any value type \"\n case _ =>\n }\n List(1,2,3,4,5).foreach(print(_))\n // Doing the same without underscore:\n List(1,2,3,4,5).foreach( a => print(a))\n```\nIn Scala, ```_``` acts similar to ```*``` in Java while importing packages.\n```// Imports all the classes in the package matching\nimport scala.util.matching._\n// Imports all the members of the object Fun (static import in Java).\nimport com.test.Fun._\n// Imports all the members of the object Fun but renames Foo to Bar\nimport com.test.Fun.{ Foo => Bar , _ }\n// Imports all the members except Foo. To exclude a member rename it to _\nimport com.test.Fun.{ Foo => _ , _ }\n```\nIn Scala, a getter and setter will be implicitly defined for all non-private vars in a object. The getter name is same as the variable name and ```_=``` is added for the setter name.\n```class Test {\n private var a = 0\n def age = a\n def age_=(n:Int) = {\n require(n>0)\n a = n\n }\n}\n```\nUsage:\n```val t = new Test\nt.age = 5\nprintln(t.age)\n```\nIf you try to assign a function to a new variable, the function will be invoked and the result will be assigned to the variable. This confusion occurs due to the optional braces for method invocation. We should use _ after the function name to assign it to another variable.\n```class Test {\n def fun = {\n // Some code\n }\n val funLike = fun _\n}\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "My university usually asks that we book a flight via a travel agent, but the prices he gives me are about $50 higher than the prices I can get by online booking in the flight company's website. Why would a company want me to book a flight via a travel agent if it is more expensive?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are several reasons why such internal policies exist:\n\n* Your institution may get a discount on certain services of the travel agent if it buys enough from the agent\n* By having a contract with a reasonably-priced travel agent, they make sure that no employee books the flight with a very pricey agent or with a travel agent that happens to be a relative of the traveller\n* The travel agency offers easy methods to verify expense information and thus may lower the workload of your local administrative personnel. This especially holds if the payment is routed directly from the institution to the travel agent, which also makes sure that the flyer does not get credit card bonus points for the booking.\n* Your institution may have an agreement with the travel agent that they manually check if members of your institution are not unnecessarily booking expensive booking classes (in order to get more airline bonus miles)\n* Some insurances that your institution bought may only work if the ticket is bought directly from the institution and not by the flyer, and they elected the agent to handle such bookings.\n\nWhich of these reasons is the one why this policy exists can only be answered by the responsible employees of your institution.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Layman's explanation of encryption backdoors", + "input": "", + "output": "There are two somewhat orthogonal concepts in backdooring encryption algorithms:\n\n* The backdoor can be explicit or implicit. An explicit backdoor is one that everybody knows it is there. An implicit backdoor strives at remaining undetected by the algorithm owners. Of course, when there is an explicit backdoor, people tend to avoid the algorithm altogether, so explicit backdoors may hope to work only in the presence of a legal framework that forces implementers to use the backdoored system.\nAn example of an explicit backdoor is the Clipper chip (which was ultimately abandoned). The backdoor is not really in the algorithm, more in the assembly of algorithms into a protocol, and technically it was an automatic key escrowing method. For an implicit backdoor, see the Dual EC DRBG as a famous example: it worked only as long as nobody was aware that it was backdoored.\n* The backdoor's security may be quantifiable, or not. In the case of Dual EC DRBG, the mechanism uses well-trodden mathematical paths: the NSA knew that exploiting the backdoor required knowledge of an internal secret key, based on discrete logarithm (on elliptic curves).\nA non-quantifiable security is what happens when you try to push, for instance, a voluntarily flawed algorithm, or one for which you know of a cryptanalytic method that you did not publish. This is a very dangerous game for a spy agency, because you cannot really know whether third parties could find the flaw or not. Such backdooring tends to backfire in the long term.\nInterestingly, the NSA tends not to use non-quantifiable backdoors. A good example is DES. At the time it was designed, the NSA believed that it could tackle an upfront 256 exhaustive search, and that nobody else (in particular the Soviets) had the technology and budget for that. The NSA also knew of a novel cryptanalytic method (differential cryptanalysis). So when the NSA intervened in the design of DES, it insisted on shortening the key from 64 to 56 bits (that's addition of a quantifiable backdoor, and it was rather obvious, so quasi-explicit), and also on strengthening the design against differential cryptanalysis. This is a good example about how NSA consciously refrained from a non-quantifiable backdoor. There is only one thing that spy agencies fear more than not being able to spy: it is the idea that other competing spy agencies may also spy.\n\nSo a real, good backdoor is one that uses maths to offer quantifiable security against unauthorized usage of the backdoor. It is extremely difficult to have quantifiable security without making the backdoor explicit. The \"best in class\" in that area is Dual EC DRBG, and even before the Snowden business, cryptographers were already finding it weird and strongly suspected foul play (see the analyses back in 2007, 6 years before Snowden).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have a page where a scroll bar containing table rows with divs in them is dynamically generated from the database. Each table row acts like a link, sort of like you'd see on a YouTube playlist next to the video player.\nWhen a user visits the page, the option they are on is supposed to go to the top of the scrolling div. This functionality is working. The issue is that it goes just a tad too far. Like the option they are on is about 10px too high. So, the page is visited, the url is used to identify which option was selected and then scrolls that option to the top of the scrolling div. Note: This is not the scroll bar for the window, it is a div with a scrollbar.\nI am using this code to make it move the selected option to the top of the div:\n```var pathArray = window.location.pathname.split( '/' );\nvar el = document.getElementById(pathArray[5]);\nel.scrollIntoView(true);\n```\nIt moves it to the top of the div but about 10 pixels too far up.\nhow to fix that?", + "input": "", + "output": "CSS ```scroll-margin``` and ```scroll-padding```\nYou might want to have a look at new CSS properties ```scroll-padding``` and ```scroll-margin```. You can use ```scroll-padding``` for the scrolling container (```html``` in this case), and ```scroll-margin``` for the element within the container.\nFor your example, you would want to add ```scroll-margin-top``` for the element that you want to scroll into view, like this:\n```.example {\n scroll-margin-top: 10px;\n}\n```\nThis affects ```scrollIntoView``` code, like this code:\n```const el = document.querySelector(".example");\nel.scrollIntoView({block: "start", behavior: "smooth"});\n```\nThis will cause the viewport to scroll to align the top border of the viewport with the top border of the element, but with 10px of additional space. In other words, these properties of the element are taken into account:\n\n* ```padding-top```\n* ```border-top```\n* ```scroll-margin-top```\n* (and not ```margin-top```)\n\nIn addition, if the ```html``` element has ```scroll-padding-top``` set, then that is taken into account too.\nIf you're using a framework like Vue, you might want to make sure that all changes to the DOM are finished before running `scrollIntoView` by using something like `Vue.nextTick(() => el.scrollIntoView())`", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Suppose I have the geographic coordinates of "Saratoga, California, USA" as\n```Latitude: 37°15.8298′ N\nLongitude: 122° 1.3806′ W\n```\nI know from here that in the case of latitude ```1° ≈ 69 miles``` and that longitude varies:\n```1° longitude = cosine (latitude) * length of degree (miles) at Equator.\n```\nHow many miles is 1° longitude at ```longitude: 122°1.3806′ W```?", + "input": "", + "output": "It doesn't matter at what longitude you are. What matters is what latitude you are.\nLength of ```1 degree of Longitude``` = ```cosine (latitude in radians) * length of degree (miles) at equator```.\nConvert your latitude into decimal degrees ~ 37.26383\nConvert your decimal degrees into radians ~ 0.65038\nTake the cosine of the value in radians ~ 0.79585\n1 degree of Longitude = ~0.79585 * 69.172 = ~ 55.051 miles\nMore useful information from the about.com website:\n\nDegrees of latitude are parallel so the distance between each degree\nremains almost constant but since degrees of longitude are farthest\napart at the equator and converge at the poles, their distance varies\ngreatly.\nEach degree of latitude is approximately 69 miles (111 kilometers)\napart. The range varies (due to the earth's slightly ellipsoid shape)\nfrom 68.703 miles (110.567 km) at the equator to 69.407 (111.699 km)\nat the poles. This is convenient because each minute (1/60th of a\ndegree) is approximately one [nautical] mile.\nA degree of longitude is widest at the equator at 69.172 miles\n(111.321) and gradually shrinks to zero at the poles. At 40° north or\nsouth the distance between a degree of longitude is 53 miles (85 km)\n\nNote that the original site (about.com) erroneously omitted the "nautical" qualifier.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have read numerous times that some Norse warriors, upon death, would go in Fólkvangr, while some others would go to Valhalla. How was it decided which warrior would go to which place? Why did the need to have many \"paradises\" (whatever you many call it) exist?\nCiting Wikipedia:\n\n > In Norse mythology, Fólkvangr (Old Norse \"field of the host\" or \"people-field\" or \"army-field\") is a meadow or field ruled over by the goddess Freyja where half of those that die in combat go upon death, while the other half go to the god Odin in Valhalla.", + "input": "", + "output": "The Norse mythological texts record three primary places where the dead were perceived to go: Helheim (Old Norse Helheimr, “the home of the goddess Hel“), Valhalla (Old Norse Valhöll, “the hall of the fallen”), and Folkvang (Old Norse Fólkvangr, “the field of the people” or “the field of warriors”).\nBut they're indistinguishable and don't have any major differences between them.\nValhalla is presided over by Odin, and to gain entrance to it, one must be chosen by him and his valkyries, the “choosers of the fallen.” \nSimilarily, entrance to Folkvang is dependent upon being selected by Freya.\n\n Valhalla is often depicted as a realm where distinguished warriors engage in a continuous battle, and just such a place is described, in important early sources, as being located beneath the ground – and, intriguingly, without the name “Valhalla” or a cognate anywhere in the account.\n source: Ellis, Hilda Roderick. 1968. The Road to Hel: A Study of the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse Literature. p. 85-86. \n\n\n\n \n * Folkvang is the ninth, and there Freyia arranges\n the choice of seats in the hall;\n half the slain she chooses every day,\n and half Odin owns.\n \n source: 1996 Carolyne Larrington in The Poetic Edda “Grimnir’s Sayings”\n\nThe only difference that is pointed out, is in the way that the dead are chosen to stay. Odin chooses for Valhalla, while Freya chooses for Folkvang.\nComing to the second part of the question:\n\n And why did the need to have many \"paradises\" (whatever you many call it) exist?\n\nHel is a place where all humans have to go after their death:\n\n “For there is a time\n when every man shall journey hence to Hel.\"\n Fáfnismál 10\n\nSo before the dead finally reach Hel, Odin and Freyja select the ones who are worthy of living in Valhalla and Folkvang. \nTherefore,\n\n* Valhalla receives distinguished warriors.\n* Folkvangr receives the rest of the warriors.\n* Hel receives the rest of the dead.\n\n\nsource: Norse-Mythology.org", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I noticed that there is a binary executable ```/bin/echo``` on my Ubuntu MATE 17.04 system.\nI thought, that's odd, because\n```$ type echo\necho is a shell builtin```\nCursory testing suggests that ```/bin/echo``` does the same sort of thing as the Bash builtin ```echo```:\n```$ /bin/echo foo\nfoo\n$ /bin/echo $USER\nzanna\n```\nSo, why is there another version of ```echo``` separate from the Bash program, and why or when would I want to use it?", + "input": "", + "output": "If you open up a ```bash``` prompt and type in an ```echo``` command, that uses a shell builtin rather than running ```/bin/echo```. The reasons it is still important for ```/bin/echo``` to exist are:\n\n* You're not always using a shell. Under a variety of circumstances, you run an executable directly and not through a shell.\n* At least in theory, some shells don't have an ```echo``` builtin. This is not actually required.\n\nTo expand on #1, suppose you wanted to move all the regular files whose names started with ```abc``` anywhere in ```src``` to ```dest```. There are several ways to do that but one of them is:\n```find src -name 'abc*' -type f -exec mv -nv {} dest/ \\;\n```\nBut suppose, rather than just running that, you want to see every command that will be run first. Well, then you can prepend ```echo``` to the command, just as you might in other contexts:\n```find src -name 'abc*' -type f -exec echo mv -nv {} dest/ \\;\n```\nBut ```find``` doesn't use a shell. That runs ```/bin/echo```.\nBesides ```find``` with ```-exec``` or ```-execdir```, the ```/bin/echo``` executable will be called by other programs that themselves run programs but not through a shell. This happens with the ```xargs``` command (which is related to ```find```), as well as in a number of other contexts, such as the ```Exec=``` line of a ```.desktop``` file. Another example is when you run ```sudo echo```, which can be handy for testing if ```sudo``` is working.\nSimilarly, some shells have a ```printf``` builtin but ```/usr/bin/printf``` also exists.\nA less common possible reason you might deliberately use ```/bin/echo``` is if you were relying on the differences between it and the ```echo``` command provided by your shell. ```man echo``` documents ```/bin/echo```; ```help echo``` in ```bash``` documents the ```bash``` builtin. ```echo``` is not very portable, because different implementations--both across operating systems and across shells on the same operating system--support different options (e.g., ```-e```) and differ in their treatment of backslashes. Of course, it's better to avoid relying on such details, and use ```printf``` instead, which is far more portable.\nIn ```bash```, you can make the ```type``` builtin show ```/bin/echo``` as well--assuming ```/bin``` is in your ```$PATH``` as it always should be--by passing it the ```-a``` flag:\n```$ type -a echo\necho is a shell builtin\necho is /bin/echo\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "what's the difference between JavaScript objects, classes and functions?", + "input": "", + "output": "As you must already be aware by now there are no classes in JavaScript. Instead functions in JavaScript may be made to behave like constructors by preceding a function call with the ```new``` keyword. This is known as the constructor pattern.\nIn JavaScript everything is an object except for the primitive data types (boolean, number and string), and ```undefined```. On the other hand ```null``` is actually an object reference even though you may at first believe otherwise. This is the reason ```typeof null``` returns ```"object"```.\nFunctions in JavaScript are similar to functables in Lua (i.e. they are callable objects). Hence a function can be used in place of an object. Similarly arrays are also objects in JavaScript. On the other hand objects can be thought of as associative arrays.\nThe most important point however is that there are no classes in JavaScript because JavaScript is a prototypal object oriented language. This means that objects in JavaScript directly inherit from other objects. Hence we don't need classes. All we need is a way to create and extend objects.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In most introductory algorithm classes, notations like $O$ (Big O) and $\\Theta$ are introduced, and a student would typically learn to use one of these to find the time complexity.\nHowever, there are other notations, such as $o$, $\\Omega$ and $\\omega$. Are there any specific scenarios where one notation would be preferable to another?", + "input": "", + "output": "You are referring to the Landau notation. They are not different symbols for the same thing but have entirely different meanings. Which one is \"preferable\" depends entirely on the desired statement.\n$f \\in \\cal{O}(g)$ means that $f$ grows at most as fast as $g$, asymptotically and up to a constant factor; think of it as a $\\leq$. $f \\in o(g)$ is the stricter form, i.e. $\n$f \\in \\Omega(g)$ has the symmetric meaning: $f$ grows at least as fast as $g$. $\\omega$ is its stricter cousin. You can see that $f \\in \\Omega(g)$ is equivalent to $g \\in \\cal{O}(f)$.\n$f \\in \\Theta(g)$ means that $f$ grows about as fast as $g$; formally $f \\in \\cal{O}(g) \\cap \\Omega(g)$. $f \\sim g$ (asymptotic equality) is its stronger form. We often mean $\\Theta$ when we use $\\cal{O}$.\nNote how $\\cal{O}(g)$ and its siblings are function classes. It is important to be very aware of this and their precise definitions -- which can differ depending on who is talking -- when doing \"arithmetics\" with them. \nWhen proving things, take care to work with your precise definition. There are many definitions for Landau symbols around (all with the same basic intuition), some of which are equivalent on some sets on functions but not on others.\n\nIf you are interested in using Landau notation in a rigorous and sound manner, you may be interested in a work by Rutanen et al.. They formulate necessary and sufficient criteria for asymptotic notation as we use them in algorithmics, show that the common definition fails to meet them and provide a (the, in fact) workable definition.\n\n* A general definition of the O-notation for algorithm analysis by K. Rutanen et al. (2015)\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why is Gaia operating around Earth orbit? Why not send it to Neptune's orbit?", + "input": "", + "output": "Well, you thought about the spatial aspect of a parallax measurement, but not about the temporal one.\nGaia's intention is to measure 3D positions as well as 3D velocities. For the distance, you need accurate parallactic measurement, which come in with your orbital period.\nFor a typical Gaia-star with several measurement per year, you'll get 5 values of the parallax after 5 years of time, which you then average. If you'd send Gaia towards Neptune (besides the fact that no one has ever sent an orbiter, to say nothing of a L2 mission that far out) that has a period of 168 years, then after 5 years you'd get... 5/168 th of one paralactic measurement.\nIt simply couldn't achieve its science goals if put around the L2 behind Neptune. Also no one on this planet has any experience in putting something into a outer system L2 point. This is different than putting it into Earth's L2, because reaching the L2 around one of the giants has vast and very precise $\\Delta v$ requirements. This would be a massive technological leap, and things don't work that way in space. Small, incremental technological steps are required in an anyways unfriendly environment, to make sure everything works properly and no millions of dollars have been wasted.\nCompare that to Gaia's predecessor, the Hipparcos satellite, which was parked in geostationary orbit.\nNow you could still say, why not use Jupiter hypothetically anyways. Well, the orbital period there is still 11 years, and Jupiter's L2 still suffers from the intense radiation environment that is provided by Jupiter's magnetosphere. This would lead to rapid degradation of the CCDs used for scanning across the sky.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have a string representing a unix timestamp (i.e. "1284101485") in Python, and I'd like to convert it to a readable date. When I use ```time.strftime```, I get a ```TypeError```:\n```>>>import time\n>>>print time.strftime("%B %d %Y", "1284101485")\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n File "", line 1, in \nTypeError: argument must be 9-item sequence, not str\n```", + "input": "", + "output": "There are two parts here:\n\n* Convert the unix timestamp (\"seconds since epoch\") to the local time\n* Display the local time in the desired format.\n\nA portable way to get the local time that works even if the local time zone had a different utc offset in the past and python has no access to the tz database is to use a ```pytz``` timezone:\n```#!/usr/bin/env python\nfrom datetime import datetime\nimport tzlocal # $ pip install tzlocal\nunix_timestamp = float(\"1284101485\")\nlocal_timezone = tzlocal.get_localzone() # get pytz timezone\nlocal_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(unix_timestamp, local_timezone)\n```\nTo display it, you could use any time format that is supported by your system e.g.:\n```print(local_time.strftime(\"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f%z (%Z)\"))\nprint(local_time.strftime(\"%B %d %Y\")) # print date in your format\n```\n\nIf you do not need a local time, to get a readable UTC time instead:\n```utc_time = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(unix_timestamp)\nprint(utc_time.strftime(\"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f+00:00 (UTC)\"))\n```\n\nIf you don't care about the timezone issues that might affect what date is returned or if python has access to the tz database on your system:\n```local_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(unix_timestamp)\nprint(local_time.strftime(\"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f\"))\n```\nOn Python 3, you could get a timezone-aware datetime using only stdlib (the UTC offset may be wrong if python has no access to the tz database on your system e.g., on Windows):\n```#!/usr/bin/env python3\nfrom datetime import datetime, timezone\nutc_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(unix_timestamp, timezone.utc)\nlocal_time = utc_time.astimezone()\nprint(local_time.strftime(\"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f%z (%Z)\"))\n```\nFunctions from the ```time``` module are thin wrappers around the corresponding C API and therefore they may be less portable than the corresponding ```datetime``` methods otherwise you could use them too:\n```#!/usr/bin/env python\nimport time\nunix_timestamp = int(\"1284101485\")\nutc_time = time.gmtime(unix_timestamp)\nlocal_time = time.localtime(unix_timestamp)\nprint(time.strftime(\"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\", local_time))\nprint(time.strftime(\"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S+00:00 (UTC)\", utc_time))\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In Django, the convention is to put all of your static files (i.e css, js) specific to your app into a folder called static. So the structure would look like this:\n```mysite/\n manage.py\n mysite/ --> (settings.py, etc)\n myapp/ --> (models.py, views.py, etc)\n static/\n```\nIn ```mysite/settings.py``` I have:\n```STATIC_ROOT = 'staticfiles'\n```\nSo when I run the command:\n```python manage.py collectstatic\n```\nIt creates a folder called ```staticfiles``` at the root level (so same directory as ```myapp/```)\nWhat's the point of this? Isn't it just creating a copy of all my static files?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Collect static files from multiple apps into a single path\n\nA single Django project may use several apps, so while there you only have one ```myapp```, it may actually be ```myapp1```, ```myapp2```, etc\nBy copying them from inside the individual apps into a single folder, you can point your frontend web server (e.g. nginx) to that single folder ```STATIC_ROOT``` and serve static files from a single location, rather than configure your web server to serve static files from multiple paths.\n\n## Persistent URLs with ManifestStaticFilesStorage\n\nA note about the MD5 hash being appended to the filename for versioning: It's not part of the default behavior of ```collectstatic```, as ```settings.STATICFILES_STORAGE``` defaults to ```StaticFilesStorage``` (which doesn't do that)\nThe MD5 hash will kick in e.g. if you set it to use ```ManifestStaticFilesStorage```, which adds that behavior.\n\n> The purpose of this storage is to keep serving the old files in case some pages still refer to those files, e.g. because they are cached by you or a 3rd party proxy server. Additionally, it’s very helpful if you want to apply far future Expires headers to the deployed files to speed up the load time for subsequent page visits.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am used to thinking of finite-differences as a special case of finite-elements, on a very constrained grid. What are criteria to choose between finite-differences and finite-elements", + "input": "", + "output": "It is possible to write most specific finite difference methods as Petrov-Galerkin finite element methods with some choice of local reconstruction and quadrature, and most finite element methods can also be shown to be algebraically equivalent to some finite difference method. Therefore, we should choose a method based on which analysis framework we want to use, which terminology we like, which system for extensibility we like, and how we would like to structure software. The following generalizations hold true in the vast majority of variations in practical use, but many points can be circumvented.\nFinite Difference\nPros\n\n* efficient quadrature-free implementation\n* aspect ratio independence and local conservation for certain schemes (e.g. MAC for incompressible flow)\n* robust nonlinear methods for transport (e.g. ENO/WENO)\n* M-matrix for some problems\n* discrete maximum principle for some problems (e.g. mimetic finite differences)\n* diagonal (usually identity) mass matrix\n* inexpensive nodal residual permits efficient nonlinear multigrid (FAS)\n* cell-wise Vanka smoothers give efficient matrix-free smoothers for incompressible flow\n\nCons\n\n* more difficult to implement \"physics\"\n* staggered grids are sometimes quite technical\n* higher than second order on unstructured grids is difficult\n* no Galerkin orthogonality, so convergence may be more difficult to prove\n* not a Galerkin method, so discretization and adjoints do not commute (relevant to optimization and inverse problems)\n* self-adjoint continuum problems often yield non-symmetric matrices\n* solution is only defined pointwise, so reconstruction at arbitrary locations is not uniquely defined\n* boundary conditions tend to be complicated to implement\n* discontinuous coefficients usually make the methods first order\n* stencil grows if physics includes \"cross terms\"\n\nFinite Element\nPros\n\n* Galerkin orthogonality (discrete solution to coercive problems is within a constant of the best solution in the space)\n* simple geometric flexibility\n* discontinuous Galerkin offers robust transport algorithm, arbitrary order on unstructured grids\n* cellwise entropy inequality guaranteeing $L^2$ stability holds independent of mesh, dimension, order of accuracy, and presence of discontinuous solutions, without needing nonlinear limiters\n* easy of implementing boundary conditions\n* can choose conservation statement by choosing test space\n* discretization and adjoints commute (for Galerkin methods)\n* elegant foundation in functional analysis\n* at high order, local kernels can exploit tensor product structure that is missing with FD\n* Lobatto quadrature can make methods energy-conserving (assuming a symplectic time integrator)\n* high order accuracy even with discontinuous coefficients, as long as you can align to boundaries\n* discontinuous coefficients inside elements can be accommodated with XFEM\n* easy to handle multiple inf-sup conditions\n\nCons\n\n* many elements have trouble at high aspect ratio\n* continuous FEM has trouble with transport (SUPG is diffusive and oscillatory)\n* DG usually has more degrees of freedom for same accuracy (though HDG is much better)\n* continuous FEM does not provide cheap nodal problems, so nonlinear smoothers have much poorer constants\n* usually more nonzeros in assembled matrices\n* have to choose between consistent mass matrix (some nice properties, but has full inverse, thus requiring an implicit solve per time step) and lumped mass matrix.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How important is multithreading in the current software industry?", + "input": "", + "output": "It is extremely important.\nWhat is more important though is to understand that multithreading is just one way to solve the asynchrony problem. The technical environment in which many people are now writing software differs from the historical software development environment (of monolithic applications performing batch computations) in two key ways:\n\n* Many-core machines are now common. We can no longer expect clock speeds or transistor densities to increase by orders of magnitude. The price of computation will continue to fall, but it will fall because of lots of parallelism. We're going to have to find a way to take advantage of that power.\n* Computers are now heavily networked and modern applications rely upon being able to fetch rich information from a variety of sources.\n\nFrom a computational standpoint, these two factors essentially boil down to the same core idea: information increasingly will be available in an asynchronous fashion. Whether the information you need is being computed on another chip in your machine or on a chip halfway around the world doesn't really matter. Either way, your processor is sitting there burning billions of cycles a second waiting for information when it could be doing useful work. \nSo what matters now, and what will matter even more in the future, is not multithreading per se, but rather, dealing with asynchrony. Multithreading is just one way to do that -- a complicated, error-prone way that is only going to get more complicated and more error-prone as weak-memory-model chips become more widely used. \nThe challenge for tools vendors is to come up with some way better than multithreading for our customers to deal with the asynchronous infrastructure they'll be using in the future.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is it true that the price of diamonds is based on a monopoly? And who actually runs/owns this supposed monopoly? Is this likely to affect diamond prices if I am interested in purchasing?", + "input": "", + "output": "Yes, the De Beers Group of Companies is a diamond cartel that had complete control of the diamond market for most of the 20th century. They still control a sizable portion of the market and their effort at marketing (particularly with the slogan \"A Diamond is Forever\") has done much to inflate the market for diamonds in our society.\nThe intrinsic value of diamonds is much lower than the market prices currently reflect, but with the caveat that there is a rarity factor which does drive up the price of larger diamonds.\nThe larger the diamond, the more likely it is to have flaws, so when it comes to diamonds that are 5 carats or greater, you are not as likely to see a new supply of diamonds disrupt the prices of those larger stones.\nSome other ways that high end jewelers and suppliers are differentiating themselves is by patenting a specific cut that they design. This is another barrier to entry that works to create some artificial price inflation. One common example is the Lucida cut sometimes referred to as the Tiffany cut.\nDiamonds can also be manufactured. The same carbon structure can be grown in a lab. These stones have the same carbon structure as natural diamonds but without the flaws and visible impurities. Most manufactured diamonds are used industrially, but processes have improved sufficiently to allow for gemstone quality synthetic diamonds. They sell at a decent discount, so that might be an option to consider if you want a substitute. In the years to come, you can expect prices for synthetic diamonds to continue to decrease which will probably put some further downward pressure on jewelers' prices.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Normal filesystem images can be easily mounted:\n```mount system.img /mnt\n```\nExamined, and modified. But when I try this with a Raspberry Pi system image (e.g. raspbian), I get:\n```mount: unknown filesystem type '(null)'\n```\nAnd no matter what I try with ```-t```, it won't work. How can I mount this image?", + "input": "", + "output": "You can't mount the image as a whole because it actually contains two partitions and a boot sector. However, you can mount the individual partitions in the image if you know their offset inside the file. To find them, examine the image as a block device with ```fdisk -l whatever.img```. The output should include a table like this:\n```Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System\nwhatever.img1 8192 122879 57344 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)\nwhatever.img2 122880 5785599 2831360 83 Linux\n```\nThese are the two partitions. The first one is labelled \"FAT32\", and the other one \"Linux\". Above this table, there's some other information about the device as a whole, including:\n```Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\n```\nWe can find the offset in bytes by multiplying this unit size by the ```Start``` block of the partition:\n\n* 1st partition 512 * 8192 = 4194304\n* 2nd partition 512 * 122880 = 62914560\n\nThese can be used with the ```offset``` option of the ```mount``` command. We also have a clue about the type of each partition from ```fdisk```. So, presuming we have directories ```/mnt/img/one``` and ```/mnt/img/two``` available as mount points:\n```mount -v -o offset=4194304 -t vfat whatever.img /mnt/img/one\nmount -v -o offset=62914560 -t ext4 whatever.img /mnt/img/two\n```\nIf you get an \"overlapping loop\" error here, your version of ```mount``` requires you to specify the size as well as the offset of the first partition. Unmount that, and use the number of blocks (57344) * 512 (= 29360128):\n```mount -v -o offset=4194304,sizelimit=29360128 \\\n -t vfat whatever.img /mnt/img/one\n```\nThe second partition doesn't need a sizelimit since there's nothing after it in the image. \nYou can now access the two partitions. If you do not intend to change anything in them, use the ```-r``` (read-only) switch too. If you do change anything, those changes will be included in the ```.img``` file.\nNote that the first partition is probably mounted on ```/boot``` in the second partition when the system is running.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How does immersion passively help with learning a language?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are a few reasons why immersion helps you learn a language without you actively trying:\n* You encounter the language more often. When you are immersed in a language, you don't go to class and do homework for a few hours a week, but rather use the language the entire day. You depend on the language to survive—to buy groceries, to talk to employers and customers, to ask for directions, etc. Being forced to use the language means you learn it even when you're not actively trying to. It becomes a way of life.\n* You learn the language in more than one way. Classroom learning focuses on specific activities at a time and generally is oriented around learning vocabulary and grammar. Immersion implicitly forces you to learn vocabulary (if you don't know a word, you simply can't communicate) and grammar (people will probably correct you if you say something incorrectly). You will learn these things whether you're trying to or not. In addition you will learn how to carry on a conversation, both by listening and participating in your own. This is something that simple exercises can very rarely accomplish.\n* You begin to think in the language. If you use the language enough you'll start to get good enough at it that you won't have time to think in your native language and translate. Immersion spurs this on because native speakers talk relatively quickly, signs you read may pass by in a moment, and you may quickly need to say \"excuse me\" or ask for help. Because you can't afford long delays, you'll begin to skip the translation step. This helps you use the language as a native speaker would.\n* Culture reinforces language learning. When you are immersed in a language, you often encounter the culture and traditions associated with speakers of that language. Your brain will retain the new knowledge and experiences you acquire better because it is different than what you are used to, and if the language is part of that cultural experience, you will remember it better. For example, you might remember an idiom or a joke that only exists in the language you are learning. This will expand your ability to communicate in that language.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have a script, that does not exit when I want it to.\nAn example script with the same error is:\n```#!/bin/bash\nfunction bla() {\n return 1\n}\nbla || ( echo '1' ; exit 1 )\necho '2'\n```\nI would assume to see the output:\n```:~$ ./test.sh\n1\n:~$\n```\nBut I actually see:\n```:~$ ./test.sh\n1\n2\n:~$\n```\nDoes the ```()``` command chaining somehow create a scope? What is ```exit``` exiting out of, if not the script?", + "input": "", + "output": "```()``` runs commands in the subshell, so by ```exit``` you are exiting from subshell and returning to the parent shell. Use braces ```{}``` if you want to run commands in the current shell.\nFrom bash manual:\n\n (list) list is executed in a subshell environment. Variable assignments and builtin commands that affect the shell's environment do not remain in effect after the command completes. The return status is the exit status of list.\n { list; } list is simply executed in the current shell environment. list must be terminated with a newline or semicolon. This is known as a group command. The return status is the exit status of list. Note that unlike the metacharacters ( and ), { and } are reserved words and must occur where a reserved word is permitted to be recognized. Since they do not cause a word break, they must be separated from list by whitespace or another shell metacharacter.\n\nIt's worth mentioning that the shell syntax is quite consistent and the subshell participates also in the other ```()``` constructs like command substitution (also with the old-style ````..```` syntax) or process substitution, so the following won't exit from the current shell either:\n```echo $(exit)\ncat <(exit)\n```\n\nWhile it may be obvious that subshells are involved when commands are placed explicitly inside ```()```, the less visible fact is that they are also spawned in these other structures:\n\n* command started in the background\n```exit &\n```\ndoesn't exit the current shell because (after ```man bash```)\n\n If a command is terminated by the control operator &, the shell executes the command in the background in a subshell. The shell does not wait for the command to finish, and the return status is 0.\n\n* the pipeline\n```exit | echo foo\n```\nstill exits only from the subshell.\nHowever different shells behave differently in this regard. For example ```bash``` puts all components of the pipeline into separate subshells (unless you use the ```lastpipe``` option in invocations where job control is not enabled), but AT&T ```ksh``` and ```zsh``` run the last part inside the current shell (both behaviours are allowed by POSIX). Thus\n```exit | exit | exit\n```\ndoes basically nothing in bash, but exits from the zsh because of the last ```exit```.\n* ```coproc exit``` also runs ```exit``` in a subshell.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Adding a new swap file. How to edit fstab to enable swap after reboot?", + "input": "", + "output": "These ares the steps to create a swap on a file:\n\n1. Create a large file e.g. with\n```sudo mkdir -p /var/cache/swap/ # create a directory that holds the swap file\nsudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/cache/swap/myswap bs=1M count=4096 # for 4 GByte\n```\nOf course any other method of creating a file of defined size would do. \n\n2. Announce swap to the system\n```sudo chmod 0600 /var/cache/swap/myswap # only root should have access\nsudo mkswap /var/cache/swap/myswap # format as swap\nsudo swapon /var/cache/swap/myswap # announce to system\n```\nInsert the following line in ```/etc/fstab``` for swap from the next boot:\n```/var/cache/swap/myswap none swap sw 0 0\n```\n\nNote: \n1. In case you have your system files on a SSD you may want to consider to hold your swap file on a hard disk location.\n2. You can not use a swap file for hibernation (see Ubuntu SwapFaq)\n3. Additional note for Ubuntu >= 17.04: A swap on file ```/swapfile``` is created by default in a new installation (when no swap partition was present). We can manually create a swap partition later if we prefer.\n\nIn case we want to replace an existing swap (e.g. partition) with another swap (e.g. on file) we need to remove the old swap with\n```sudo swapoff -a # for all\n```\nThen remove the swap entry from ```/etc/fstab``` or replace it with the new swap respectively.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "\nHow do I add a validation to make sure the date string being passed to the method is in the ffg. format:\n```'YYYY-MM-DD'\n```\nif it's not, method should raise some sort of error", + "input": "", + "output": "The Python ```dateutil``` library is designed for this (and more). It will automatically convert this to a ```datetime``` object for you and raise a ```ValueError``` if it can't.\nAs an example:\n```>>> from dateutil.parser import parse\n>>> parse(\"2003-09-25\")\ndatetime.datetime(2003, 9, 25, 0, 0)\n```\nThis raises a ```ValueError``` if the date is not formatted correctly:\n```\nValueError: day is out of range for month\n```\n\n```dateutil``` is also extremely useful if you start needing to parse other formats in the future, as it can handle most known formats intelligently and allows you to modify your specification: ```dateutil``` parsing examples. \nIt also handles timezones if you need that.\nUpdate based on comments: ```parse``` also accepts the keyword argument ```dayfirst``` which controls whether the day or month is expected to come first if a date is ambiguous. This defaults to False. E.g.\n\n```>>> parse('11/12/2001')\n>>> datetime.datetime(2001, 11, 12, 0, 0) # Nov 12\n>>> parse('11/12/2001', dayfirst=True)\n>>> datetime.datetime(2001, 12, 11, 0, 0) # Dec 11\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "When to use UICollectionView instead of UITableView?", + "input": "", + "output": "That depends on the requirements. How the application flows determines which type of UI to integrate into the application.\nPeople mainly use the ```UICollectionview``` for creating types of UIs with multiple images shown in a grid. This would have complex logic using ```UITableView```, but with ```UICollectionview```, it would be easy.\nWhen using ```UICollectionview```, you don't need to set buttons with tags or other things by getting selected items values. You can simply get ```-(void)collectionView:(UICollectionView *)collectionView didSelectItemAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath``` and in ```UITableViewDelegate```:\n````-(void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath`\n```\nYou get the selected row instead of the item, so for creating grid or modified items, using ```UICollectionview``` is best.\nFor the listing details of each item, people use ```UITableView``` because it shows more info on each item.\nApple Docs:\nUICollectionView Class Reference\n\n The UICollectionView class manages an ordered collection of data items and presents them using customizable layouts. Collection views provide the same general function as table views except that a collection view is able to support more than just single-column layouts. Collection views support customizable layouts that can be used to implement multi-column grids, tiled layouts, circular layouts, and many more. You can even change the layout of a collection view dynamically if you want.\n\nUITableView Class Reference\n\n A table view displays a list of items in a single column. UITableView is a subclass of UIScrollView, which allows users to scroll through the table, although UITableView allows vertical scrolling only. The cells comprising the individual items of the table are UITableViewCell objects; UITableView uses these objects to draw the visible rows of the table. Cells have content—titles and images—and can have, near the right edge, accessory views. Standard accessory views are disclosure indicators or detail disclosure buttons; the former leads to the next level in a data hierarchy and the latter leads to a detailed view of a selected item. Accessory views can also be framework controls, such as switches and sliders, or can be custom views. Table views can enter an editing mode where users can insert, delete, and reorder rows of the table. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "On my branch I had some files in .gitignore\nOn a different branch those files are not.\nI want to merge the different branch into mine, and I don't care if those files are no longer ignored or not.\nUnfortunately I get this: \n\n The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge\n\nHow would I modify my pull command to overwrite those files, without me having to find, move or delete those files myself?", + "input": "", + "output": "Safely remove/overwrite only bothersome files\nWhen you want to ```merge```:\n```git checkout -f donor-branch # replace bothersome files with tracked versions\ngit checkout receiving-branch # tracked bothersome files disappear\ngit merge donor-branch # merge works\n```\nWhen you want to ```pull```:\n```git fetch\ngit checkout -f origin/mybranch # replace bothersome files with tracked versions\ngit checkout mybranch # tracked bothersome files disappear\ngit pull origin/mybranch # pull works\n```\nThat's all you need to know to use this. Below is an explanation.\n\nDetailed explanation\nThe Bothersome Files that we are going to remove:\n\n* exist in the donor branch (for ```git pull```: the upstream branch),\n* do not exist in the receiving branch,\n* and are blocking the merge because they are present and untracked in your working directory.\n\n```git merge -f``` and ```git pull -f``` do not exist, but ```git checkout -f``` does.\nWe will use ```git checkout -f``` + ```git checkout``` to track + remove the Bothersome Files, and then your merge can proceed normally.\nStep 1. This step forcibly replaces untracked Bothersome Files with tracked versions of the donor branch (it also checks out the donor branch, and updates the rest of the working dir).\n```git checkout -f donor-branch\n```\nStep 2. This step removes the Bothersome Files because they they are tracked in our current (donor) branch, and absent in the ```receiving-branch``` we switch to.\n```git checkout receiving-branch\n```\nStep 3. Now that the Bothersome Files are absent, merging in the donor branch will not overwrite any untracked files, so we get no errors.\n```git merge donor-branch\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Since long time ago I have been thinking in two problems that I have not been able to solve. It seems that one of them was recently solved. I have been thinking a lot about the motivation and its consequences. Mostly because people used to motivate one of them with some very interesting implications. My conclusion however, is that there is a mistake in the motivation of the problem, and that, while being a really interesting result, it does not make any sense in the setting in which is formulated. As my opinion is not relevant compared to one of the experts in the area, I do not say anything. \nMy question is if you can provide me some examples of conjectures that were believed to be interesting in the mathematical community because of a specific reason, but that once having the proof, people realized that the reason to motivate the problem was not truly related to its solution. Or in other words, the solution of the problem gives no clues about the original motivation. ", + "input": "", + "output": "The three-body problem is one of the most famous problems in the history of mathematics, which also has an important application in science: it was supposed to explain the Moon's motion, among other things. Enormous effort was spent on this problem by many famous mathematicians of the 18th and 19th centuries. Since Newton's time it was clear that there was no simple closed form solution. (The problem also had an important practical application in 18th century, namely to navigation. If you can predict the motion of the Moon for few years ahead with sufficient accuracy, you can determine longitude at sea without a chronometer, just by observing Moon's position with respect to the stars).\n\nIn the middle of the 19th century, an exact mathematical formulation of what was desired was achieved: to express the motions of the bodies in the form of convergent series of functions of time, valid for all times. Few people remember nowadays that in this precise form the problem was actually solved (by Sundman, at the very end of the 19th century). This solution can be found in Siegel's book on celestial mechanics.\n\nBut by that time it was already understood that this solution was useless for practical purposes, namely for prediction of the Moon's motion over long time periods. It was also useless for understanding the qualitative features of the motion.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How do GPS receivers communicate with satellites?", + "input": "", + "output": "The first thing to know is the communication is one-way. There's a satellite-to-receiver transmission, nothing going in the opposite direction. So your cell phone doesn't have to find the radio power to send a signal all the way to space!\n(exceptions: The decommissioned Chinese BeiDou-1 system - and any products where the GPS receiver chip is used alongside a satellite transmitter, like a Cospas-Sarsat emergency locator beacon)\nThe signal from GPS satellites is very faint - each satellite has to broadcast a signal to about half the planet, powered only by some solar panels! So the broadcast signal is modulated using a 'Gold Code' (in the case of the oldest public GPS signal) where part of the signal transmitted by the satellite is already known by the receiver - the GPS receiver can pick out the signal despite how faint it is, by tracking the cross-correlation between the received and expected signals.\nThis also means multiple satellites can transmit their signals at the same frequency - so long as they use different gold codes, the receiver can track both signals independently.\nNewer GNSS signals replace gold codes with newer techniques - like 'multiplexed binary offset carriers' - which perform better, but do basically the same thing.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why is iceberg lettuce bad for rabbits?", + "input": "", + "output": "In short, iceberg lettuce is mostly water with little to no nutrient value. A rabbit can fill up on it (because of the bulk), but still need food because they didn't get enough calories, vitamins, minerals, etc.\nIf you look at the USDA's webpage on iceberg lettuce. You'll notice that water makes up just about 95% of the nutrients, leaving 5% to be divided up between every other nutrient. Protein is a little less than 1%, Carbohydrates less than 3%, and sugars less than 2%.\nMost importantly, you want to pay attention to the vitamin and calorie content. Iceberg lettuce has only 14 calories per 100 grams (2 calories or less in each leaf), and 18mg of calcium.\nOther effects to consider, is when fed straight from the fridge, lettuce will be cold and wet, both are conditions that can upset a pet's stomach.\nIn addition, since most rabbit breeders do not feed lettuce to their baby rabbits, it is an unfamiliar food and if the rabbit owner does not add lettuce to the diet gradually, it will cause stomach upset.\nFinally, it is often believed amoung rabbit breeders that\n\nRabbits should not eat some lettuces (such as iceberg) as they contain a substance called laudanum which can be harmful in large quantities.\n\nRSPCA: Rabbit Diet Myths\nBut this is disputed because\n\nLettuce does not contain laudanum. Edible lettuce does contain a chemical called lactucin which is a component of lactucarian. Lactucarian is the milky fluid found in some species of lettuce and occurs in much larger amounts in wild lettuce, Lactuca virosa.\nLactucarium has sedative and analgesic effects. It creates a sense of mild euphoria. The milky exudate resembles that of opium and it can also be reduced to a thick substance which can be smoked in the same way as opium. As a result of which it acquired the name ‘lettuce opium’.\nEdible lettuce, Lactuca sativa, does not even contain lactucarium although it does contain lactucin which is in lactucarium.\n\nLettuce for Rabbits and Guinea Pigs (note that rabbits and guinea pigs have different digestive systems, this link is included for the information on lettuce composition).\nIt is not known if lactucin turns into lactucarium during the digestive process in the rabbit, there are some accounts of rabbits appearing sedated after ingesting large quantities of lettuce. Regardless of the laudanum/lactucin status, there's no reason to feed iceberg because of the low nutrient value.\nThe House Rabbit Society's website has even more details on what foods are good for rabbits and why.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How do I open the JavaScript console in different browsers?", + "input": "", + "output": "Chrome\nOpening the “Console” panel of Chrome’s DevTools:\n\n* Windows and Linux: Ctrl + Shift + J\n* Mac OS: Cmd + Opt + J\n\nNote: In addition to the “Console” panel, there also exists a smaller slide-up console which can be toggled via Esc while any of the other panels is active. \n\nFirefox\nOpening the “Console” panel in Firefox’s Developer Tools:\n\n* Windows: Ctrl + Shift + K\n* Mac OS: Cmd + Opt + K\n\nNote: In addition to the “Console” panel, there also exists a smaller slide-up console which can be toggled via Esc while any of the other panels is active. \n\nInternet Explorer\nOpening the “Console” panel in Internet Explorer’s F12 Developer Tools:\n\n* F12, then click on the “Console” tab\n\nNote: In addition to the “Console” panel, there also exists a smaller slide-up console which can be toggled via Ctrl + ` while any of the other panels is active. \n\nSafari\nNote: In order to view the console in Safari, you have to enable the “Show Develop menu in menu bar” setting in the “Advanced” pane of Safari’s preferences (screenshot). \nOpening the “Console” panel in Safari’s Web Inspector:\n\n* Cmd + Opt + C\n\nNote: In addition to the “Console” panel, there also exists a smaller slide-up console which can be toggled via Esc while any of the other panels is active. \n\nOpera\n\n* Windows and Linux: Ctrl + Shift + I\n* Mac : ⌘+⌥+I\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have Ubuntu 10 as the guest OS on a Windows 7 machine. I have been trying to setup shares through VirtualBox, but nothing is working. First, I create the share in VirtualBox and point it to a Windows folder. Then I try to mount the drive in Linux, but I keep getting\n```/sbin/mount.vboxsf: mounting failed with the error: Protocol error\n```\nI have read so many solutions to this, but none seem to work. I have tried:\n\n* Using the mount.vboxsf syntax\n* Reinstalling VBox additions\n* Rebooting\n* Enabling and trying as root account\n\nI made a share called "Test" in VBox Shared folders. Then I made a directory in ubuntu named "test2". Then I tried to execute this command:\n```sudo mount -t vboxsf Test /mnt/test2\n```\nAny other ideas?", + "input": "", + "output": "In order to use shared folder functionality few prerequisites need to be met:\n\n* Make sure that Guest Additions are properly installed on the guest OS.\n* Users in a guest Ubuntu must be in the group ```vboxsf``` to be able to access shares.\n* Define a directory on the host that will be used in the virtual machine using the settings dialogue of Virtual Box.\n\nDepending on host or guest OS the following may also be needed:\n\n* Do not share personal folders like ```/home/username``` or ```My Documents```\n* Avoid special characters or empty spaces in the path to the shared folder, especially if the host or VM is a Windows machine\n* Use different names for share and mountpoint\n* Create a mountpoint on the guest OS (best in your HOME directory).\n\nTesting shared folders functionality can be done by creating a shared directory on the host (e.g. ```C:\\myshare```), define this as a shared folder for your guest system in Virtual Box settings (e.g. ```share```), create a mount point in your guest os (e.g. ```mkdir /home/username/host```) and mount this in the guest OS with the command:\n```sudo mount -t vboxsf -o uid=1000,gid=1000 share /home/username/host\n```\nwhere the option -o makes sure that you will have access to the mount (that will otherwise be owned by root).\nFor further information on shared folders see also the Virtual Box User Manual.\nFiles or directories can also be shared over the network by using Samba on the host and the guest.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What does %~dp0 mean, and how does it work?\nI'd also like to know if it is a documented feature, or something prone to be deprecated.", + "input": "", + "output": "Calling `for /?` in the command-line gives help about this syntax (which can be used outside FOR, too, this is just the place where help can be found).\n\n> In addition, substitution of FOR variable references has been enhanced. You can now use the following optional\n syntax:\n```%~I - expands %I removing any surrounding quotes (\")\n%~fI - expands %I to a fully qualified path name\n%~dI - expands %I to a drive letter only\n%~pI - expands %I to a path only\n%~nI - expands %I to a file name only\n%~xI - expands %I to a file extension only\n%~sI - expanded path contains short names only\n%~aI - expands %I to file attributes of file\n%~tI - expands %I to date/time of file\n%~zI - expands %I to size of file\n%~$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable and expands %I to the fully qualified name of the first one found. If the environment variable name is not defined or the file is not found by the search, then this modifier expands to the empty string\n```\n The modifiers can be combined to get compound results:\n```%~dpI - expands %I to a drive letter and path only\n%~nxI - expands %I to a file name and extension only\n%~fsI - expands %I to a full path name with short names only\n%~dp$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable for %I and expands to the drive letter and path of the first one found.\n%~ftzaI - expands %I to a DIR like output line\n```\n In the above examples %I and PATH can be replaced by other valid values. The %~ syntax is terminated by a valid FOR variable name. Picking upper case variable names like %I makes it more readable and avoids confusion with the modifiers, which are not case sensitive.\n\nThere are different letters you can use like ```f``` for \"full path name\", ```d``` for drive letter, ```p``` for path, and they can be combined. ```%~``` is the beginning for each of those sequences and a number ```I``` denotes it works on the parameter ```%I``` (where ```%0``` is the complete name of the batch file, just like you assumed).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Should a tester feel bad about finding too many defects/bugs in the product?", + "input": "", + "output": "If this is a medical application you are talking about it is serious stuff. What if the bugs affected real users? Developers would be much less happy if they put in life threat someone or if management has to retire a product or make public excuses. Nowadays it is pretty standard for software having minor bugs, but a medical application should be as much as bug-free as possible.\nA good developer should not be angry about bugs, but rather be happy, and a good manager already know how software development work so should not put under too much pressure its team unless really necessary:\n\n* It has been caught before product release\n* It is pretty standard for a programmer fixing bugs daily\n* If you have to focus on programming it is hard also to focus on testing\n* A tester Always reports bugs\n* A regular user usually not (unless particularly angry or determined)\n* If the user is your client, he will report bugs and he will not be happy if the project already cost him much money or required a good amount of time.\n\nLiterally a project for which bugs are not reported at least on a weekly basis:\n\n* Too simple project: no value every other company could easily create a better clone\n* Not much-used project: maybe there are bugs but no one incurred in them\n* Bad management: if there are no bugs it's time to move on further work (extra features or different projects).\n* Bug fixes should drive development, they give a correct idea of what should work and is not working, this allows to manage priorities between fixes and features\n* In important projects it makes sense adding automated testing so that every fix and feature comes with new tests that avoid breaking pre-existing functionality\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Millions of colors in the visible spectrum can be generated by mixing red, green and blue - the RGB color system. Is there a basic set of smells that, when mixed, can yield all, or nearly all detectable smells ?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are about 100 (Purves, 2001) to 400 (Zozulya et al., 2001) functional olfactory receptors in man. While the total tally of olfactory receptor genes exceeds 1000, more than half of them are inactive pseudogenes. The combined activity of the expressed functional receptors accounts for the number of distinct odors that can be discriminated by the human olfactory system, which is estimated to be about 10,000 (Purves, 2001).\nDifferent receptors are sensitive to subsets of chemicals that define a “tuning curve.” Depending on the particular olfactory receptor molecules they contain, some olfactory receptor neurons exhibit marked selectivity to particular chemical stimuli, whereas others are activated by a number of different odorant molecules. In addition, olfactory receptor neurons can exhibit different thresholds for a particular odorant. How these olfactory responses encode a specific odorant is a complex issue that is unlikely to be explained at the level of the primary neurons (Purves, 2001). \nSo in a way, the answer to your question is yes, as there are approximately 100 to 400 olfactory receptors. Just like the photoreceptors in the visual system, each sensory neuron in the olfactory epithelium in the nose expresses only a single receptor gene (Kimball). In the visual system for color vision there are just three (red, green and blue cones - RGB) types of sensory neurons, so it's a bit more complicated in olfaction.\nReferences\n- Purves et al, Neuroscience, 2nd ed. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2001\n- Zozulya et al., Genome Biol (2001); 2(6): research0018.1–0018.12\nSources\n- Kimball's Biology Pages", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Do you bleed to death after your penis is cut off?", + "input": "", + "output": "Assuming the person is not taking anticoagulants, it's actually quite difficult to bleed to death from dismemberment of small members (hands, feet, penis, ears, nose, etc). Even large members such as arms and legs are often survivable because the body is very good at protecting itself from blood loss. For example, transected arteries will spasm and clamp off blood flow, and loss of blood will cause the body to divert blood flow away from the extremities and to the vital organs, thereby slowing the bleeding and allowing it to clot. In fact, the whole shock process can be viewed as a set of defensive measures by the body to ensure survival in the face of serious injury. This was a bitter lesson learned by emergency medicine only fairly recently. The standard practice used to be to infuse hypovolemic patients with fluids to maintain normal blood pressure. The trouble is, a normal blood pressure prevents the body from realizing it has inadequate blood volume and turns off its defensive measures, thus allowing the bleeding to continue unabated. \nLeft to fend for himself, a healthy adult would almost certainly survive having his penis removed. With modern medical care, that becomes a certainty.\nCould he still urinate? Sure, as long as the urethra wasn't blocked. It could become blocked by clotted blood, but eventually the pressure of a full bladder would overcome the blockage.\nDownvoter, care to comment?", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In Swift, is there a clever way of using the higher order methods on Array to return the 5 first objects?\nThe obj-c way of doing it was saving an index, and for-loop through the array incrementing index until it was 5 and returning the new array. Is there a way to do this with ```filter```, ```map``` or ```reduce```?", + "input": "", + "output": "With Swift 5, according to your needs, you may choose one of the 6 following Playground codes in order to solve your problem.\n\n#1. Using ```subscript(_:)``` subscript\n```let array = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\", \"F\", \"G\", \"H\", \"I\", \"J\", \"K\", \"L\"]\nlet arraySlice = array[..<5]\n//let arraySlice = array[0..<5] // also works\n//let arraySlice = array[0...4] // also works\n//let arraySlice = array[...4] // also works\nlet newArray = Array(arraySlice)\nprint(newArray) // prints: [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\"]\n```\n\n#2. Using ```prefix(_:)``` method\nComplexity: O(1) if the collection conforms to ```RandomAccessCollection```; otherwise, O(k), where k is the number of elements to select from the beginning of the collection.\n```let array = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\", \"F\", \"G\", \"H\", \"I\", \"J\", \"K\", \"L\"]\nlet arraySlice = array.prefix(5)\nlet newArray = Array(arraySlice)\nprint(newArray) // prints: [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\"]\n```\nApple states for ```prefix(_:)```:\n\n If the maximum length exceeds the number of elements in the collection, the result contains all the elements in the collection.\n\n\n#3. Using ```prefix(upTo:)``` method\nComplexity: O(1)\n```let array = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\", \"F\", \"G\", \"H\", \"I\", \"J\", \"K\", \"L\"]\nlet arraySlice = array.prefix(upTo: 5)\nlet newArray = Array(arraySlice)\nprint(newArray) // prints: [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\"]\n```\nApple states for ```prefix(upTo:)```:\n\n Using the ```prefix(upTo:)``` method is equivalent to using a partial half-open range as the collection's subscript. The subscript notation is preferred over ```prefix(upTo:)```.\n\n\n#4. Using ```prefix(through:)``` method\n```let array = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\", \"F\", \"G\", \"H\", \"I\", \"J\", \"K\", \"L\"]\nlet arraySlice = array.prefix(through: 4)\nlet newArray = Array(arraySlice)\nprint(newArray) // prints: [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\"]\n```\n\n#5. Using ```removeSubrange(_:)``` method\nComplexity: O(n), where n is the length of the collection.\n```var array = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\", \"F\", \"G\", \"H\", \"I\", \"J\", \"K\", \"L\"]\narray.removeSubrange(5...)\nprint(array) // prints: [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\"]\n```\n\n#6. Using ```dropLast(_:)``` method\nComplexity: O(1) if the collection conforms to ```RandomAccessCollection```; otherwise, O(k), where k is the number of elements to drop.\n```let array = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\", \"F\", \"G\", \"H\", \"I\", \"J\", \"K\", \"L\"]\nlet distance = array.distance(from: 5, to: array.endIndex)\nlet arraySlice = array.dropLast(distance)\nlet newArray = Array(arraySlice)\nprint(newArray) // prints: [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\"]\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What's the simplest way to get an environment variable from a docker container that has not been declared in the Dockerfile?\nFor instance, an environment variable that has been set through some ```docker exec container /bin/bash``` session?\nI can do ```docker exec container env | grep ENV_VAR```, but I would prefer something that just returns the value.\nI've tried using ```docker exec container echo \"$ENV_VAR\"```, but the substitution seems to happen outside of the container, so I don't get the env var from the container, but rather the env var from my own computer.\nThanks.", + "input": "", + "output": "The downside of using ```docker exec``` is that it requires a running container, so ```docker inspect -f``` might be handy if you're unsure a container is running.\nExample #1. Output a list of space-separated environment variables in the specified container:\n```docker inspect -f \\\n '{{range $index, $value := .Config.Env}}{{$value}} {{end}}' container_name\n```\nthe output will look like this:\n```ENV_VAR1=value1 ENV_VAR2=value2 ENV_VAR3=value3\n```\nExample #2. Output each env var on new line and ```grep``` the needed items, for example, the mysql container's settings could be retrieved like this:\n```docker inspect -f \\\n '{{range $index, $value := .Config.Env}}{{println $value}}{{end}}' \\\n container_name | grep MYSQL_\n```\nwill output:\n```MYSQL_PASSWORD=secret\nMYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=supersecret\nMYSQL_USER=demo\nMYSQL_DATABASE=demodb\nMYSQL_MAJOR=5.5\nMYSQL_VERSION=5.5.52\n```\nExample #3. Let's modify the example above to get a bash friendly output which can be directly used in your scripts:\n```docker inspect -f \\\n '{{range $index, $value := .Config.Env}}export {{$value}}{{println}}{{end}}' \\\n container_name | grep MYSQL\n```\nwill output:\n```export MYSQL_PASSWORD=secret\nexport MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=supersecret\nexport MYSQL_USER=demo\nexport MYSQL_DATABASE=demodb\nexport MYSQL_MAJOR=5.5\nexport MYSQL_VERSION=5.5.52\n```\nIf you want to dive deeper, then go to Go’s text/template package documentation with all the details of the format.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am confused about the use cases for both ```InputStream``` and ```OutputStream```.\nPlease include a snippet of code to go along with your explanation.", + "input": "", + "output": "InputStream is used for reading, OutputStream for writing. They are connected as decorators to one another such that you can read/write all different types of data from all different types of sources.\nFor example, you can write primitive data to a file:\n```File file = new File(\"C:/text.bin\");\nfile.createNewFile();\nDataOutputStream stream = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));\nstream.writeBoolean(true);\nstream.writeInt(1234);\nstream.close();\n```\nTo read the written contents:\n```File file = new File(\"C:/text.bin\");\nDataInputStream stream = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));\nboolean isTrue = stream.readBoolean();\nint value = stream.readInt();\nstream.close();\nSystem.out.printlin(isTrue + \" \" + value);\n```\nYou can use other types of streams to enhance the reading/writing. For example, you can introduce a buffer for efficiency:\n```DataInputStream stream = new DataInputStream(\n new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file)));\n```\nYou can write other data such as objects:\n```MyClass myObject = new MyClass(); // MyClass have to implement Serializable\nObjectOutputStream stream = new ObjectOutputStream(\n new FileOutputStream(\"C:/text.obj\"));\nstream.writeObject(myObject);\nstream.close();\n```\nYou can read from other different input sources:\n```byte[] test = new byte[] {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 8, 9};\nDataInputStream stream = new DataInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(test));\nint value0 = stream.readInt();\nint value1 = stream.readInt();\nbyte value2 = stream.readByte();\nbyte value3 = stream.readByte();\nstream.close();\nSystem.out.println(value0 + \" \" + value1 + \" \" + value2 + \" \" + value3);\n```\nFor most input streams there is an output stream, also. You can define your own streams to reading/writing special things and there are complex streams for reading complex things (for example there are Streams for reading/writing ZIP format).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the difference between:\n```npm install [package_name]\n```\nand:\n```npm install [package_name] --save\n```\nand:\n```npm install [package_name] --save-dev\n```\nWhat does this mean? And what is really the effect of ```--save``` and ```-dev``` keywords?", + "input": "", + "output": "The difference between ```--save``` and ```--save-dev``` may not be immediately noticeable if you have tried them both on your own projects. So here are a few examples...\nLet's say you were building an app that used the moment package to parse and display dates. Your app is a scheduler so it really needs this package to run, as in: cannot run without it. In this case you would use\n```npm install moment --save\n```\nThis would create a new value in your package.json\n```"dependencies": {\n ...\n "moment": "^2.17.1"\n}\n```\nWhen you are developing, it really helps to use tools such as test suites and may need jasmine-core and karma. In this case you would use\n```npm install jasmine-core --save-dev\nnpm install karma --save-dev\n```\nThis would also create a new value in your package.json\n```"devDependencies": {\n ...\n "jasmine-core": "^2.5.2",\n "karma": "^1.4.1",\n}\n```\nYou do not need the test suite to run the app in its normal state, so it is a ```--save-dev``` type dependency, nothing more. You can see how if you do not understand what is really happening, it is a bit hard to imagine.\nTaken directly from NPM docs docs#dependencies\n\n> Dependencies \n> Dependencies are specified in a simple object that maps a package name to a version range. The version range is a string that has one or more space-separated descriptors. Dependencies can also be identified with a tarball or git URL. Please do not put test harnesses or transpilers in your dependencies object. See devDependencies, below.\n\nEven in the docs, it asks you to use ```--save-dev``` for modules such as test harnesses.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "pod install -bash: pod: command not found", + "input": "", + "output": "Please follow the following steps to install Pod:\n\n1. Open terminal and type:\n```sudo gem install cocoapods\n```\nGem will get installed in Ruby inside the System library. Or try on 10.11 Mac OSX El Capitan, type:\n```sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods\n```\nIf there is an error "activesupport requires Ruby version >= 2.xx", then install the latest active support first by typing in the terminal.\n```sudo gem install activesupport -v 4.2.6\n```\n2. After installation, there will be a lot of messages, read them and if no error found, it means cocoa pod installation is done. Next, you need to set up the cocoa pod master repo. Type in terminal:\n```pod setup\n```\nAnd wait it will download the master repo. The size is very big (370.0MB in Dec 2016). So it can be a while. You can track the download by opening Activity and go to the Network tab and search for git-remote-https. Alternatively, you can try adding verbose to the command like so:\n```pod setup --verbose\n```\n3. Once done it will output "Setup Complete", and you can create your XCode project and save it.\n4. Then in a terminal cd to "your XCode project root directory" (where your .xcodeproj file resides) and type:\n```pod init\n```\n5. Then open your project's podfile by typing in terminal:\n```open -a Xcode Podfile\n```\n6. Your Podfile will get open in text mode. Initially, there will be some default commands in there. Here is where you add your project's dependencies. For example, in the podfile, type\n```/****** These are Third party pods names ******/\npod 'OpenSSL-Universal'\npod 'IQKeyboardManager'\npod 'FTPopOverMenu'\npod 'TYMActivityIndicatorView'\npod 'SCSkypeActivityIndicatorView'\npod 'Google/SignIn'\npod 'UPStackMenu'\n```\n(this is For example of adding library to your project).\nWhen you are done editing the podfile, save it and close XCode.\n7. Then install pods into your project by typing in terminal:\n```pod install\n```\nDepending on how many libraries you added to your podfile for your project, the time to complete this varies. Once completed, there will be a message that says "Pod installation complete! There are X dependencies from the Podfile and X total pods installed."", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I read in the Essential C# 3.0 and .NET 3.5 book that:\n\n GetHashCode()’s returns over the life of a particular object should be\n constant (the same value), even if the object’s data changes. In many\n cases, you should cache the method return to enforce this.\n\nIs this a valid guideline?\nI have tried a couple built-in types in .NET and they didn't behave like this.", + "input": "", + "output": "The answer is mostly, it is a valid guideline, but perhaps not a valid rule. It also doesn't tell the whole story.\n\nThe point being made is that for mutable types, you cannot base the hash code on the mutable data because two equal objects must return the same hash code and the hash code has to be valid for the lifetime of the object. If the hash code changes, you end up with an object that gets lost in a hashed collection because it no longer lives in the correct hash bin.\nFor example, object A returns hash of 1. So, it goes in bin 1 of the hash table. Then you change object A such that it returns a hash of 2. When a hash table goes looking for it, it looks in bin 2 and can't find it - the object is orphaned in bin 1. This is why the hash code must not change for the lifetime of the object, and just one reason why writing GetHashCode implementations is a pain in the butt.\n\nA guideline is just a guide, not a rule. In reality, ```GetHashCode``` only has to follow these guidelines when things expect the object to follow the guidelines, such as when it is being stored in a hash table. If you never intend to use your objects in hash tables (or anything else that relies on the rules of ```GetHashCode```), your implementation doesn't need to follow the guidelines. When you see \"for the lifetime of the object\", you should read \"for the time the object needs to co-operate with hash tables\" or similar. Like most things, ```GetHashCode``` is about knowing when to break the rules.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Especially in blitz or bullet games, it is possible that a player makes an illegal move, for example castles through check. \n\n* If the opponent does notice the illegal move, then as far as I know the first player is obliged to make a legal move with the same piece, if one exists. What if there are no legal moves? \n* What if the opponent, being in time pressure, doesn't notice the illegal move and makes a move. What happens after they realize that? Does the person who made the illegal move forfeit? Or is the whole game cancelled?\n\nAre there any standard rules for these kinds of situations?", + "input": "", + "output": "This only really applies to over the board games (since online chess servers prevent illegal moves).\nIn a standard time control game, under USCF rules, when the illegal move is noticed by one of the players, a few things happen. First, the illegal move must have been made within the last 10 moves. If not, then the current position stands, and play continues. Assuming that the move is recent, the position is restored to the position immediately before the illegal move.\nThen, the player that made the illegal move now must make a legal move with the same piece (if one exists). If there are no legal moves, then the player is free to make any move. This is due to the touch move rule. Finally, if the offending player has pressed the clock, a two minute "bonus" is added to the opponent's clock to compensate them for any time lost and to penalize the offending player.\nHere is the relevant passage from the USCF rulebook:\n\n11A. Illegal move during last ten moves. If, during a game, it is found that one of either player's last ten moves was illegal, the position shall be reinstated to what it was before the illegal move. The game shall then continue by applying Rule 10, The Touched Piece, to the move replacing the illegal move. If the position cannot be reinstated, then the illegal move shall stand. Move counters on clocks that have them may by readjusted.\n11D. Illegal move. If, a player completes an illegal move by pressing the clock, in addition to the usual obligation to make a legal move with the touched piece if possible, the standard penalty specified in rule 1C2a applies (i.e. two minutes added to the opponent's clock).\n\nIn blitz chess, the rules are different. According to the WBCA (World Blitz Chess Association) rules, a player who makes an illegal move loses the game instantly. This rule is frequently enforced in casual games too. The most common way that this occurs is that one player doesn't notice that they are in check and makes a move that doesn't get out of check. Then the checking player simply captures the king and claims a victory.\nBecause blitz is a much faster pace game, the illegal move must be noticed within two moves. If it is not, then the current position stands and play continues.\nAt no point is the game cancelled due to an illegal move. Pretty much once a game starts and both players make a move, a result of win, loss, or draw will be recorded.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to set button click effect in Android?", + "input": "", + "output": "It is simpler when you have a lot of image buttons, and you don't want to write xml-s for every button.\nKotlin Version:\n```fun buttonEffect(button: View) {\n button.setOnTouchListener { v, event ->\n when (event.action) {\n MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN -> {\n v.background.setColorFilter(-0x1f0b8adf, PorterDuff.Mode.SRC_ATOP)\n v.invalidate()\n }\n MotionEvent.ACTION_UP -> {\n v.background.clearColorFilter()\n v.invalidate()\n }\n }\n false\n }\n}\n```\nJava Version:\n```public static void buttonEffect(View button){\n button.setOnTouchListener(new OnTouchListener() {\n public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {\n switch (event.getAction()) {\n case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: {\n v.getBackground().setColorFilter(0xe0f47521,PorterDuff.Mode.SRC_ATOP);\n v.invalidate();\n break;\n }\n case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: {\n v.getBackground().clearColorFilter();\n v.invalidate();\n break;\n }\n }\n return false;\n }\n });\n}\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "The following article from CNN describes a Michigan police officer being put on administrative leave for having KKK material at his home: https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/10/us/michigan-officer-placed-on-leave-kkk-document-house/index.html. The materials were discovered while a potential buyer was touring his house. \nAlthough I vehemently condemn the KKK, doesn't this officer have the right to display whatever he wants in his home so long as it doesn't actively and deliberately call for violence? Aren't these articles protected under the first amendment? I realize this is an extreme example, and as a police officer his job requires interacting with all races, but unless it can be shown that he's bigoted and that it negatively affected his job performance, isn't it illegal to fire him? \nEmployers can restrict speech according to company policy while at work, but we all have to go home at some point. Can those restrictions follow us after clocking out? ", + "input": "", + "output": "In general, employers in the United States are free to fire you for your speech. The First Amendment does not apply to anyone except the government (other than a narrow set of circumstances where private parties act on behalf of the government or take on government roles, like when private universities employ campus police). If the officer was being fired from a job at a private company, this would not be an interesting question -- the answer would clearly be \"no, there is no First Amendment claim here.\" That’s not to say labor laws might not come into play (for instance, federal law prohibits firing an employee for organizing a union, and some states prohibit firing for off-duty political speech); however, labor law protections exist by statute and are not derived from the First Amendment.\nWhat makes this interesting is that the government is involved. Unlike private employers, government agencies are bound by the First Amendment. In Pickering v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court held that this does restrict them in their role as employer and that they can't necessarily fire an employee for speech. Pickering imposes a balancing test, where the harm to the employee's First Amendment rights is weighed against the government's interest in efficient operation. Courts have given particular leeway to police departments punishing speech that would undermine public trust and confidence in the department. A police officer expressing racist views, even privately, can seriously hamper the effectiveness of the department if the speech gets linked back to them. For instance, see Pappas v. Giuliani, where the Second Circuit upheld the firing of an NYPD officer for anonymously mailing racist diatribes from home in his off-duty time.\nAnother answer suggests that the main question is a public safety one: whether the officer could be trusted to carry out his duties without bias. But that's not the only legitimate consideration for the government employer. The courts have repeatedly held that public perception of an agency is a legitimate concern, especially when it comes to agencies (like the police) whose job requires maintaining good relations with the community. In Pappas, the officer was assigned as a computer operator who had no contact with the public, but he was still a police officer whose speech had a high potential to undermine NYPD community relations.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What does strength refer to in mathematics? Is it a formal idea?", + "input": "", + "output": "Suppose you have a theorem that says \"If $X$, then $Y$.\" There are two ways to strengthen such a theorem:\n\n* Assume less. If you can reduce the number of hypotheses, but still prove the same conclusion, then you have proved a more \"powerful\" result (in the sense that it applies in more situations).\n* Prove more. If you can keep the same hypotheses, but add more information to the conclusion, then you have also produced a more \"powerful\" result.\n\nHere is an easy example from Geometry.\n\n Let $ABCD$ be a (non-square) rectangle. Then the internal angle bisectors of the vertices intersect at four points $WXYZ$, which are the vertices of a rectangle.\n\n(You need the condition that $ABCD$ is not a square because if it is a square then all four angle bisectors coincide at a single point.)\nHere are a few ways to strengthen the theorem:\n\n* The hypothesis \"$ABCD$ is a (non-square) rectangle\" can be relaxed to the more general \"$ABCD$ is a (non-rhombic) parallelogram\". The conclusion that $WXYZ$ is a rectangle still holds.\n* Alternatively, you can keep the original hypothesis that $ABCD$ is a (non-square) rectangle, and strengthen to the conclusion to say that $WXYZ$ is not just a rectangle, but a square.\n* Having done that, you can then strengthen the conclusion of the theorem even more, by noting that the diagonal of square $WXYZ$ is equal in length to the difference of the lengths of the sides of $ABCD$.\n* Once you know that, you can now strengthen the theorem even more by (finally) removing the hypothesis that $ABCD$ is non-square, and including the case in which the four angle bisectors coincide at a single point as forming a \"degenerate\" square with a diagonal of length zero.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Does vegetarianism affect life expectancy?\nIs an average vegetarian supposed to live longer just because of their diet?", + "input": "", + "output": "Yes, according to a paper by the American Society for Clinical Nutrition.\n\n> Results: Our review of the 6 studies found the following trends: 1) a very low meat intake was associated with a significant decrease in risk of death in 4 studies, a nonsignificant decrease in risk of death in the fifth study, and virtually no association in the sixth study; 2) 2 of the studies in which a low meat intake significantly decreased mortality risk also indicated that a longer duration (≥ 2 decades) of adherence to this diet contributed to a significant decrease in mortality risk and a significant 3.6-y (95% CI: 1.4, 5.8 y) increase in life expectancy; and 3) the protective effect of a very low meat intake seems to attenuate after the ninth decade. Some of the variation in the survival advantage in vegetarians may have been due to marked differences between studies in adjustment for confounders, the definition of vegetarian, measurement error, age distribution, the healthy volunteer effect, and intake of specific plant foods by the vegetarians.\n\nTL;DR:\n\n* less meat = less risk of death,\n* less meat for a longer time = an average of a 3 year longer lifespan + less risk of death,\n* after 90 years of no meat it stops decreasing your risk of death.\n\n\n> Conclusion: Current prospective cohort data from adults in North America and Europe raise the possibility that a lifestyle pattern that includes a very low meat intake is associated with greater longevity.\n\nSo yes, scientific research says that vegetarianism could help you live longer, but it primarily decreases your risk of death. (i.e. you might not live to 105, but you probably won't die at 55)", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the difference between an object and a companion object in a class in kotlin?\nExample:\n```class MyClass {\n object Holder {\n //something\n }\n companion object {\n //something\n }\n}\n```\nI already read that companion object shall be used, if the containing parameters/methods are closely related to its class.\nBut why is there also the possibility of declaring a normal object in the class? Because it behaves exactly like the companion, but it must have a name.\nIs there maybe a difference in its \"static\" (I'm from the java side) lifecycle? ", + "input": "", + "output": "There are two different types of ```object``` uses, expression and declaration.\nObject Expression\nAn object expression can be used when a class needs slight modification, but it's not necessary to create an entirely new subclass for it. Anonymous inner classes are a good example of this.\n```button.setOnClickListener(object: View.OnClickListener() {\n override fun onClick(view: View) {\n // click event\n }\n})\n```\nOne thing to watch out for is that anonymous inner classes can access variables from the enclosing scope, and these variables do not have to be ```final```. This means that a variable used inside an anonymous inner class that is not considered ```final``` can change value unexpectedly before it is accessed.\nObject Declaration\nAn object declaration is similar to a variable declaration and therefore cannot be used on the right side of an assignment statement. Object declarations are very useful for implementing the Singleton pattern.\n```object MySingletonObject {\n fun getInstance(): MySingletonObject {\n // return single instance of object\n }\n}\n```\nAnd the ```getInstance``` method can then be invoked like this.\n```MySingletonObject.getInstance()\n```\nCompanion Object\nA companion object is a specific type of object declaration that allows an object to act similar to static objects in other languages (such as Java). Adding ```companion``` to the object declaration allows for adding the "static" functionality to an object even though the actual static concept does not exist in Kotlin. Here's an example of a class with instance methods and companion methods.\n```class MyClass {\n companion object MyCompanionObject {\n fun actsAsStatic() {\n // do stuff\n }\n }\n fun instanceMethod() {\n // do stuff\n }\n}\n```\nInvoking the instance method would look like this.\n```var myClass = MyClass()\nmyClass.instanceMethod()\n```\nInvoking the companion object method would look like this.\n```MyClass.actsAsStatic()\n```\nSee the Kotlin docs for more info.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I've rooted my phone. Now what? What do I gain from rooting?", + "input": "", + "output": "In few words, rooting an Android system means overcome the limitations that were imposed over it by the manufacturer. People may want that for different reasons, but the main one is freedom. Having a rooted phone means you've got all the control over your device.\n\nThe main reason people root phones is to install a custom ROM. Custom ROMs are often known for improvements in performance and exclusive features that are not present on manufacturer ROMs, like installing apps on sdcard or taking screenshots. Custom ROMS can also become a system update alternative for those devices that were abandoned by their manufacturers. You can see a review of popular ROMS, as an example, here.\n\nRooting Android also allows you to uninstall stock apps that you don't use or don't want, besides those that violates user's privacy (see CarrierIQ). Another main reason for doing that is to gain more space on internal storage. A rooted device lets you install almost any app that requires root access. Those apps generally aim to do something that would not be possible without that privilege. A lot of useful apps were shown on the previous answer, but you may find a lot more available on Google Play. You can find a list of good apps here.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is there a better way to determine whether a variable in ```Pandas``` and/or ```NumPy``` is ```numeric``` or not ? \nI have a self defined ```dictionary``` with ```dtypes``` as keys and ```numeric``` / ```not``` as values.", + "input": "", + "output": "You can use ```np.issubdtype``` to check if the dtype is a sub dtype of ```np.number```. Examples:\n```np.issubdtype(arr.dtype, np.number) # where arr is a numpy array\nnp.issubdtype(df['X'].dtype, np.number) # where df['X'] is a pandas Series\n```\nThis works for numpy's dtypes but fails for pandas specific types like pd.Categorical as Thomas noted. If you are using categoricals ```is_numeric_dtype``` function from pandas is a better alternative than np.issubdtype.\n```df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [1.0, 2.0, 3.0],\n 'C': [1j, 2j, 3j], 'D': ['a', 'b', 'c']})\ndf\nOut:\n A B C D\n0 1 1.0 1j a\n1 2 2.0 2j b\n2 3 3.0 3j c\ndf.dtypes\nOut:\nA int64\nB float64\nC complex128\nD object\ndtype: object\n```\n\n```np.issubdtype(df['A'].dtype, np.number)\nOut: True\nnp.issubdtype(df['B'].dtype, np.number)\nOut: True\nnp.issubdtype(df['C'].dtype, np.number)\nOut: True\nnp.issubdtype(df['D'].dtype, np.number)\nOut: False\n```\nFor multiple columns you can use np.vectorize:\n```is_number = np.vectorize(lambda x: np.issubdtype(x, np.number))\nis_number(df.dtypes)\nOut: array([ True, True, True, False], dtype=bool)\n```\nAnd for selection, pandas now has ```select_dtypes```:\n```df.select_dtypes(include=[np.number])\nOut:\n A B C\n0 1 1.0 1j\n1 2 2.0 2j\n2 3 3.0 3j\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I've come across the polynomial algorithm that solves 2SAT. I've found it boggling that 2SAT is in P where all (or many others) of the SAT instances are NP-Complete. What makes this problem different? What makes it so easy (NL-Complete - even easier than P)?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is a further intuitive and unpretentious explanation along the lines of MGwynne's answer.\nWith $2$-SAT, you can only express implications of the form $a \\Rightarrow b$, where $a$ and $b$ are literals. More precisely, every $2$-clause $l_1 \\lor l_2$ can be understood as a pair of implications: $\\lnot l_1 \\Rightarrow l_2$ and $\\lnot l_2 \\Rightarrow l_1$. If you set $a$ to true, $b$ must be true as well. If you set $b$ to false, $a$ must be false as well. Such implications are straightforward: there is no choice, you have only $1$ possibility, there is no room for case-multiplication. You can just follow every possible implication chain, and see if you ever derive both $\\lnot l$ from $l$ and $l$ from $\\lnot l$: if you do for some $l$, then the 2-SAT formula is unsatisfiable, otherwise it is satisfiable. It is the case that the number of possible implication chains is polynomially bounded in the size of the input formula.\nWith $3$-SAT, you can express implications of the form $a \\Rightarrow b \\lor c$, where $a$, $b$ and $c$ are literals. Now you are in trouble: if you set $a$ to true, then either $b$ or $c$ must be true, but which one? You have to make a choice: you have 2 possibilities. Here is where case-multiplication becomes possible, and where the combinatorial explosion arises.\nIn other words, $3$-SAT is able to express the presence of more than one possibility, while $2$-SAT doesn't have such ability. It is precisely such presence of more than one possibility ($2$ possibilities in case of $3$-SAT, $k-1$ possibilities in case of $k$-SAT) that causes the typical combinatorial explosion of NP-complete problems. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why isn't Sectumsempra an Unforgivable Curse?", + "input": "", + "output": "Not many people knew Sectumsempra - they'd need to know it exists to ban it.\nSeverus Snape invented Sectumsempra while at Hogwarts, and wrote it down in his Potions book. He doesn't seem to have told many people about it, it's possible he didn't tell anyone at all.\n\n“Harry was about to put his book away again when he noticed the corner of a page folded down; turning to it, he saw the Sectumsempra spell, captioned ‘For Enemies’, that he had marked a few weeks previously.” - Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Chapter 24 (Sectumsempra)\n\nHis book was hidden away until Harry found it, and Harry didn't tell the rest of the wizarding world about it either. Severus himself was seen using Sectumsempra when the Order was moving seven Harrys, and Harry had used it a few times after he found it in Snape's old book. Lupin knows of it, since he described it as one of Snape's specialties.\nHowever, they are probably some of the only people who know it - it isn't widely known like the three Unforgivable Curses. No one else, either in the Death Eaters or the Order of the Phoenix, is ever said to use it. It's likely that the Ministry didn't even know of it. Therefore, the Ministry wouldn't have even been able to make the decision to classify it as an Unforgivable Curse, since they would likely not have even known it existed.\nIf the Ministry knew about it, would it be classified as Unforgivable?\nThe reason it wasn't classified as an Unforgivable Curse is because the Ministry wouldn't have known about it - they would be unable to make any decision on something they don't know exists. That, by itself, doesn't say whether the Ministry would classify it as one if they knew about it.\nNot all potentially harmful spells are classified as Unforgivable Curses.\nIt's nowhere near guaranteed, though, that if the Ministry knew about Sectumsempra, that they'd classify it as an Unforgivable Curse. There are other spells that could clearly do harm. Just to give a few examples - Confringo, Flagrante, and the creation of Fiendfyre are all potentially harmful but not Unforgivable.\nIt's never mentioned why those three curses are classified as Unforgivable and others aren't, but it seems likely that it's because there are little to no uses for them that aren't evil. The punishment for using an Unforgivable Curse is a lifetime sentence in Azkaban, so only the worst curses, that are highly unlikely to ever have a non-Dark use, would be made Unforgivable.\n\n“Now … those three curses – Avada Kedavra, Imperius and Cruciatus – are known as the Unforgivable Curses. The use of any one of them on a fellow human being is enough to earn a life sentence in Azkaban.” - Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Chapter 14 (The Unforgivable Curses)\n\nNow, would Sectumsempra fit the criteria for being made an Unforgivable Curse?\nProbably not - it cuts through things like a sword. It can be used for anything a sword, knife or other cutting tool can be used for. While using it on people might be considered Unforgivable, the spell itself is simply the act of cutting. There are many things a wizard might reasonably want to cut with no malicious intent; vegetables, rope, cloth, building materials. Because of this, it seems unlikely that even if the Ministry had known about it, it would be classified as an Unforgivable Curse.\nIn addition, there is a countercurse for Sectumsempra.\n\n“Pushing Harry roughly aside, he knelt over Malfoy, drew his wand and traced it over the deep wounds Harry’s curse had made, muttering an incantation that sounded almost like song. The flow of blood seemed to ease; Snape wiped the residue from Malfoy’s face and repeated his spell. Now the wounds seemed to be knitting. - Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Chapter 24 (Sectumsempra)\n\nWhile the wounds from Sectumsempra can't be healed by simple healing spells, they can in fact be healed by the countercurse.\nSo - Sectumsempra likely wouldn't be made Unforgivable if the Ministry knew it.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How can I add a delay to a program in C#?", + "input": "", + "output": "Use a timer with an interval set to 2–3 seconds.\nYou have three different options to choose from, depending on which type of application you're writing:\n\n* ```System.Timers.Timer```\n* ```System.Windows.Forms.Timer```\n* ```System.Threading.Timer```\n\nDon't use ```Thread.Sleep``` if your application need to process any inputs on that thread at the same time (WinForms, WPF), as ```Sleep``` will completely lock up the thread and prevent it from processing other messages. Assuming a single-threaded application (as most are), your entire application will stop responding, rather than just delaying an operation as you probably intended. Note that it may be fine to use Sleep in pure console application as there are no \"events\" to handle or on separate thread (also ```Task.Delay``` is better option).\nIn addition to timers and ```Sleep``` you can use ```Task.Delay``` which is asynchronous version of ```Sleep``` that does not block thread from processing events (if used properly - don't turn it into infinite sleep with ```.Wait()```). \n``` public async void ClickHandler(...)\n {\n // whatever you need to do before delay goes here\n await Task.Delay(2000);\n // whatever you need to do after delay.\n }\n```\nThe same ```await Task.Delay(2000)``` can be used in a ```Main``` method of a console application if you use C# 7.1 (Async main on MSDN blogs).\nNote: delaying operation with ```Sleep``` has benefit of avoiding race conditions that comes from potentially starting multiple operations with timers/```Delay```. Unfortunately freezing UI-based application is not acceptable so you need to think about what will happen if you start multiple delays (i.e. if it is triggered by a button click) - consider disabling such button, or canceling the timer/task or making sure delayed operation can be done multiple times safely.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm trying to write a Bash script that will overwrite an existing directory. I have a directory ```foo/``` and I am trying to overwrite ```bar/``` with it. But when I do this:\n```cp -Rf foo/ bar/\n```\na new ```bar/foo/``` directory is created. I don't want that. There are two files in ```foo/```; ```a``` and ```b```. There are files with same names in ```bar/``` as well. I want the ```foo/a``` and ```foo/b``` to replace ```bar/a``` and ```bar/b```.", + "input": "", + "output": "If you want to ensure ```bar/``` ends up identical to ```foo/```, use ```rsync``` instead:\n```rsync -a --delete foo/ bar/\n```\nIf just a few things have changed, this will execute much faster than removing and re-copying the whole directory.\n\n* ```-a``` is 'archive mode', which copies faithfully files in ```foo/``` to ```bar/```\n* ```--delete``` removes extra files not in ```foo/``` from ```bar/``` as well, ensuring ```bar/``` ends up identical\n* If you want to see what it's doing, add ```-vh``` for verbose and human-readable\n* Note: the slash after ```foo``` is required, otherwise ```rsync``` will copy ```foo/``` to ```bar/foo/``` rather than overwriting ```bar/``` itself.\n\n* (Slashes after directories in rsync are confusing; if you're interested, here's the scoop. They tell rsync to refer to the contents of the directory, rather than the directory itself. So to overwrite from the contents of ```foo/``` onto the contents of ```bar/```, we use a slash on both. It's confusing because it won't work as expected with a slash on neither, though; rsync sneakily always interprets the destination path as though it has a slash, even though it honors an absence of a slash on the source path. So we need a slash on the source path to make it match the auto-added slash on the destination path, if we want to copy the contents of ```foo/``` into ```bar/```, rather than the directory ```foo/``` itself landing into ```bar/``` as ```bar/foo```.)\n\n```rsync``` is very powerful and useful, if you're curious look around for what else it can do (such as copying over ssh).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is there a particular reason the elves die off so fast? After the first war against Sauron, I recall the elves being decimated, to the point that they're almost useless army-wise in the trilogy. But I'm guessing men suffered equal or greater losses as well.\nAnyways, other races just seem much more capable of repopulating, while is seems like there are incredibly few (if any?) elven children. Considering the fact that elves are immortal, wouldn't their population be the fastest to grow? Also the seem to be perpetually 40 years old, so aren't they eternally fertile as well? Why don't they have more kids and build bigger societies?", + "input": "", + "output": "Tolkien himself addresses this in an essay called "Laws and Customs Among the Eldar". There are essentially two problems:\n\n* Elvish libido diminishes over time. Contrary to popular belief (and outward appearance, from a human perspective), Elves do age; and as they get older, they get less interested in procreation.\n* Having children is exhausting. The Elves believe that their child-bearing process draws a heavier physical and spiritual toll on them, compared to what it does to humans. They're understandable reluctant to have a lot of kids, because what's the point in having a dozen kids if doing so might literally kill you?\n\nFrom "Laws and Customs":\n\nIt might be thought that, since the Eldar do not (as Men deem) grow old in body, they may bring forth children at any time in the ages of their lives. But this is not so. For the Eldar do indeed grow older, even if slowly: the limit of their lives is the life of Arda, which though long beyond the reckoning of Men is not endless, and ages also. Moreover their body and spirit are not separated but coherent. As the weight of the years, with all their changes of desire and thought, gathers upon the spirit of the Eldar, so do the impulses and moods of their bodies change. [...]\nAlso the Eldar say that in the begetting [conceiving], and still more in the bearing of children, greater share and strength of their being, in mind and in body, goes forth than in the making of mortal children. For these reasons it came to pass that the Eldar brought forth few children; and also that their time of generation was in their youth or earlier life, unless strange and hard fates befell them.\nHistory of Middle-earth X Morgoth's Ring Part 3: "The Later Quenta Silmarillion" Chapter 2: "The Second Phase" Laws and Customs Among the Eldar\n\nThat last point about the toll on their mind and body is worth expanding on, and fortunately Tolkien does this later in the essay:\n\n[A]ll the Eldar, being aware of it in themselves, spoke of the passing of much strength, both of mind and of body, into their children, in bearing and begetting. Therefore they hold that the fëa [soul], though unbegotten, draws nourishment directly from the fëa of the mother while she bears and nourishes the hrondo [body; later changed to the word hroä], and mediately but equally from the father, whose fëa is bound in union with the mother's and supports it.\nHistory of Middle-earth X Morgoth's Ring Part 3: "The Later Quenta Silmarillion" Chapter 2: "The Second Phase" Laws and Customs Among the Eldar\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Reasons for being vegetarian or vegan other than ethical reasons?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are multiple reasons why people are/become Vegetarian/Vegan apart from ethics, including but not limited to\n\n* Religion/Culture - most of the worlds Vegetarians reside in India, mainly due to culture/personal beliefs but often interlinked with some of their major religions (Hinduism/Sikhism/Jainism etc) which promote the diet. Some strains of Buddhism also look positively at not eating meat, as does the Seventh-day Adventist Church.\n* Environment - reducing land degradation, climate change, reducing harm to bio-diversity etc. Animal agriculture causes a huge amount of problems to our planet and environment. \n* Health - another major point. Being Vegetarian or Vegan won't automatically improve your health of course (it's easy to live off junk food, believe me), but there are lots of scientifically proven benefits to eat a plant based diet over a standard Western diet including a lower risk of heart disease, lower BMI, lower cholesterol etc.\n* Political - a slightly less common reason but still; some people go Vegetarian or Vegan based on their political beliefs once they realise how much the two share intersectional values (e.g. from Anarchism to Veganarchism)\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "My mom has a green card that expires 2028 but has been out of the US in the UK for over a year due to COVID travel restrictions. Can she enter now?", + "input": "", + "output": "Assuming she doesn't have a valid Re-entry Permit, she technically doesn't have one of the accepted documents for entry of a returning immigrant, as listed in 8 CFR 211.1(a). A green card is not one of the accepted documents after an absence of more than 1 year, and she doesn't have any of the other documents, like a Re-entry Permit or an immigrant visa.\n\nHowever, under 8 CFR 211.1(b)(3) and 8 CFR 211.4, the immigration officers at the port of entry have the authority to waive her failure to meet the documentary requirements, if they determine that she has not abandoned residence. They often will grant the waiver if it's the first time, the absence is not too much over a year, and/or there is a good reason for not returning earlier (e.g. COVID-19). So if she manages to make it to a US port of entry, there is a good chance they will just let her in, perhaps with a warning.\n\nThe officer could deny her entry, and pressure her to voluntarily sign I-407 to relinquish her permanent residency. This is voluntary, and she can refuse. If she refuses, they will give her a Notice to Appear for removal proceedings in immigration court at a later date. There, she will be able to present her case to the immigration judge, and if the immigration judge determines that she has not abandoned residence, the immigration judge can grant the waiver for her failure to meet the documentary requirements (think of it as a second opinion on the immigration officer's decision).\n\nThe other option to all this is that she can apply for an SB1 returning resident visa at a US consulate (which will meet the documentary requirements since it is an immigrant visa). However, this requires showing that she could not return any earlier due to circumstances beyond her control (which may be harder to prove than showing that she did not abandon residence). Also, there is no appeal for visa denials.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the LXX and why is it so noteworthy that there is a Greek translation of the OT? Wouldn't it be better to directly reference manuscripts in the original languages?", + "input": "", + "output": "Before 1947, a good case could be made that the Septuagint represented a more ancient tradition than the Masoretic versions of the Tanakh. Since the Septuagint was produced before 132 BCE (and probably in the 3rd century BCE) and the earliest known Masoretic manuscripts date to the 10th century CE, the Greek translation might have fossilized an early rendering of the Scriptures while the Hebrew continued to be copied and potentially altered. To further support the primacy of the Septuagint, the early Christian and Hellenistic Jewish texts, tended to use that translation rather go back to Hebrew sources.\nAn interesting counter-argument arises from the observation that during the 600 years from Jerome's translation into Latin (the Vulgate) to the earliest Masoretic manuscripts, the Hebrew seems to have been faithfully copied. That suggests that Jewish scribes were exceptionally careful to duplicate their scriptures.\nAfter 1947, the evidence changed. According to Wikipedia:\n\n [Most] of the Qumran fragments can be classified as being closer to the Masoretic text than to any other text group that has survived. According to Lawrence Schiffman, 60% can be classed as being of proto-Masoretic type, and a further 20% Qumran style with bases in proto-Masoretic texts, compared to 5% proto-Samaritan type, 5% Septuagintal type, and 10% non-aligned. Joseph Fitzmyer noted the following regarding the findings at Qumran Cave 4 in particular: \"Such ancient recensional forms of Old Testament books bear witness to an unsuspected textual diversity that once existed; these texts merit far greater study and attention than they have been accorded till now. Thus, the differences in the Septuagint are no longer considered the result of a poor or tendentious attempt to translate the Hebrew into the Greek; rather they testify to a different pre-Christian form of the Hebrew text\".\n\nAnother another article describes the meaning of the categories in detail.\nA few caveats are in order:\n\n* Surveying the Qumran about religious texts seems something akin to surveying a hippie commune about political issues—you're likely to experience some bias. If we could obtain a similar collection from Jerusalem, we'd likely find more agreement and likely the side of MT. Given the diversity in non-Scriptural texts, 60% seems quite solid support.\n* While it's unlikely, there exists a chronological possibility the scrolls associated with the Septuagint-aligned Hebrew were influenced by the Greek. (Any references one way or the other would be appreciated.) \n\nWhat remains therefore is a window into the community of Alexandrian Jews that produced the translation. For those who are interested in the development of Jewish belief, that can be extremely useful. N. T. Wright's book, The Resurrection of the Son of God, shows that the LXX translators chose to interpret key texts from Daniel and Ezekiel about the resurrection as literal rather than metaphorical. He argues from this that belief in bodily resurrection was more common in Jesus' day than other scholars assert.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have to disable inputs at first and then on click of a link to enable them.\nThis is what I have tried so far, but it doesn't work.\nHTML:\n```\n```\njQuery:\n```$(\"#edit\").click(function(event){\n event.preventDefault();\n $('.inputDisabled').removeAttr(\"disabled\")\n});\n```\n\nThis shows me ```true``` and then ```false``` but nothing changes for the inputs:\n```$(\"#edit\").click(function(event){\n alert('');\n event.preventDefault();\n alert($('.inputDisabled').attr('disabled'));\n $('.inputDisabled').removeAttr(\"disabled\");\n alert($('.inputDisabled').attr('disabled'));\n});\n```", + "input": "", + "output": "Always use the ```prop()``` method to enable or disable elements when using jQuery (see below for why).\nIn your case, it would be:\n```$("#edit").click(function(event){\n event.preventDefault();\n $('.inputDisabled').prop("disabled", false); // Element(s) are now enabled.\n});\n```\njsFiddle example here.\n\n\nWhy use ```prop()``` when you could use ```attr()```/```removeAttr()``` to do this?\n\nBasically, ```prop()``` should be used when getting or setting properties (such as ```autoplay```, ```checked```, ```disabled``` and ```required``` amongst others).\nWhile what you want to do can technically be done using ```attr()```/```removeAttr()```, it doesn't mean it should be done - and can cause strange/problematic behaviour, as in this case.\n\n"The difference between attributes and properties can be important in\nspecific situations. Before jQuery 1.6, the ```.attr()``` method sometimes\ntook property values into account when retrieving some attributes,\nwhich could cause inconsistent behavior. As of jQuery 1.6, the ```.prop()```\nmethod provides a way to explicitly retrieve property values, while\n```.attr()``` retrieves attributes."\n"Properties generally affect the dynamic state of a DOM element without\nchanging the serialized HTML attribute. Examples include the ```value```\nproperty of input elements, the ```disabled``` property of inputs and\nbuttons, or the ```checked``` property of a checkbox. The ```.prop()``` method\nshould be used to set ```disabled``` and ```checked``` instead of the ```.attr()```\nmethod. The ```.val()``` method should be used for getting and setting\n```value```." - jQuery documentation for prop()\n\nPre-jQuery 3.0 (before 2016)\nThe reason why you should use ```prop``` over ```removeAttr()``` is that ```removeAttr()``` completely removes the ```disabled``` attribute itself - as this method would simply set the corresponding property name to ```false```:\n\nPrior to jQuery 3.0, using .removeAttr() on a boolean attribute such\nas checked, selected, or readonly would also set the corresponding\nnamed property to false. This behavior was required for ancient\nversions of Internet Explorer but is not correct for modern browsers\nbecause the attribute represents the initial value and the property\nrepresents the current (dynamic) value. - jQuery 3.0 Breaking Changes\n\nWhile ```prop()``` merely sets the property's underlying boolean value to false.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm no expert in darkroom photography, but it seems a little odd that there is a type of light that doesn't affect film or developing paper etc. So why is a dark-room safelight safe?", + "input": "", + "output": "Photo films and papers are made from salts of silver that naturally only darken when exposed to violet or blue light. In the early days of photography, this was all that was available. Therefore these films and papers are able to be handled under any light source that does not radiate blue light. By the way, the violet and blue frequencies of light are the shortest, and are the most energetic when it comes to inducing a chemical change. These early films and papers could all be be handled safely under red light as well as yellow light. These lamps do not emit violet or blue. \n\nThese blue-sensitive-only films did an OK job, with some exceptions. Women’s faces with cosmetics, like lipstick and rouge on the cheeks, came out weird. Warm tones reproduced super dark, and most times lips and cheeks turned black, void of detail on the finished picture. The bottom line is, many colors in nature reproduced incorrectly with this early blue-sensitive-only film. \n\nThe cure was accidental. Professor Hermann Vogel at Berlin Technical was trying to solve the problem of halation. This results when taking a picture of bright objects, like light sources or gemstones and the like. These objects play on the film with lots of light energy. This energy often goes completely through the film and hits something behind the film. The light is then reflected back into the film. The result is a halo around bright objects. The professor had one of his students dye the silver salts yellow, thinking the yellow dye would filter out the annoying reflected blue from the rear. He tried this dyed film and it did the trick, plus the film gained sensitivity to green light. He named this blue/green sensitive film orthochromatic (Latin for correct color). The year was 1857, and the quality of film reproducing the colors of nature moved forward by a big leap. \n\nA few years later, one of his graduate students, experimenting with different dyes, discovered how to make films sensitive to blue, green and red light. This film was called panchromatic (the pan prefix in Greek means \"all\"). Thus panchromatic film reproduces all colors found in nature with high accuracy. The bad news was, the darkroom folks were forced to give up the red and yellow safelight. A super dim green safelight could be used for a short period of time during developing. \n\nPhoto papers remained insensitive to red for the most part - no need, as they work OK with just blue and green sensitivity. Modern variable contrast photo papers have two sensitive coats, one for blue light and one for green light. We can use a safelight on these papers; it is amber with reduced brilliance. \n\nFilms and papers that make color pictures are panchromatic, and most safelights are not safe. We can use infrared lamps with a specialized night vision infrared scope to view and handle most panchromatic films and papers, because these materials have low sensitivity to infrared.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "With the command:\n```ls -la *\n```\nI can list all my symbolic links. \nHow can I remove all symbolic links which are linked to a special folder?\nFor example:\nIn my directory ```usr/local/bin``` I have the following entries:\n```lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 Apr 22 14:52 allneeded -> /usr/local/texlive/2011/bin/x86_64-linux/allneeded\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 47 Apr 22 14:52 amstex -> /usr/local/texlive/2011/bin/x86_64-linux/amstex\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Apr 23 19:09 arara -> /home/marco/.arara/arara\n```\nNow I want to remove all links with the path ```/usr/local/texlive/```", + "input": "", + "output": "Please make sure to read the alternative answer. It's even more to the point although not voted as high at this point.\nYou can use this to delete all symbolic links:\n```find -type l -delete\n```\nwith modern ```find``` versions.\nOn older find versions it may have to be:\n```find -type l -exec rm {} \\;\n# or\nfind -type l -exec unlink {} \\;\n```\nTo limit to a certain link target, assuming none of the paths contain any newline character:\n``` find -type l | while IFS= read -r lnkname; do if [ \"$(readlink '$lnkname')\" == \"/your/exact/path\" ]; then rm -- \"$lnkname\"; fi; done\n```\nor nicely formatted\n``` find -type l |\n while IFS= read -r lnkname;\n do\n if [ \"$(readlink '$lnkname')\" = \"/your/exact/path\" ];\n then\n rm -- \"$lnkname\"\n fi\n done\n```\nThe ```if``` could of course also include a more complex condition such as matching a pattern with ```grep```.\n\nTailored to your case:\n```find -type l | while IFS= read -r lnk; do if (readlink \"$lnk\" | grep -q '^/usr/local/texlive/'); then rm \"$lnk\"; fi; done\n```\nor nicely formatted:\n```find -type l | while IFS= read -r lnk\ndo\n if readlink \"$lnk\" | grep -q '^/usr/local/texlive/'\n then\n rm \"$lnk\"\n fi\ndone\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Did Aztecs know how many continents there are on earth?", + "input": "", + "output": "Do you know how many continents there are on Earth? Is Europe a separate continent from Asia? Is Australia the biggest island or the smallest continent? Is Antarctica an ice-locked archipelago or a continent? Are the Americas one continent or two? (All of those questions can be answered reasonably either way.)\n\nThe separation of Europe from Asia into two continents happened because, from the point of view of the Greek Mediterranean world, all of Asia that mattered was across the sea from all of Europe that mattered. They knew that Europe and Asia were connected north of the Black Sea (though they didn't know how big a connection) but they didn't care, because for their purposes, they were separate continents.\n\nThe idea of a continent is more a cultural thing than anything else.\nFrom a proper scientific point of view continents are probably better defined by tectonic plates so now you're dealing with twenty or so. Maybe a continent is a tectonic plate with dry land attached? That still leaves quite a few. (And how much dry land is needed? And is Los Angeles on a separate continent from New York?)\n\nIf the Aztecs knew the geography of the whole Earth it would still be very surprising if they had counted continents the same way the Ancient Greeks have led us to do. And there's no evidence they knew the geography of the whole Earth and considerable evidence that they didn't.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What did the Soviet Union and Russia bring to the ISS?", + "input": "", + "output": "Initially, everything. The ISS started out as Mir-2 with some extra modules added soon afterwards. Then lots more over the next 10 years.\nThe initial modules, Zarya and Zvezda, which housed living quarters, reboost, attitude control, solar power, life support, and docking modules.\nEach additional component and module made the system better, but the ISS is still dependent on the Russian operating segment.\nEach function that the Russian segment supplied initially was enhanced or replaced by the US side (solar power, life support, etc.). The major component this is mostly still Russian is half the crew quarters and reboost/attitude control (beyond what the control gyros can handle).\nInitially the Shuttle and Soyuz provided crew services, and now only Soyuz (till SpaceX/ULA get their acts together in 2019) provides crew. Initially the Russians provided cargo (as did the Shuttle till retirement), but specifically Progress could refuel the engines on the ISS for reboost.\nThe Russian theoretical plan is that the next two modules they launch (if ever, now, after being so delayed) Nauka and the UM will be able to separate from the ISS and form the core of their next space station. One of those theories was to take Zarya and Zvezda (or just one) with them as well.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What utility can move my Windows boot partition over to another hard drive?\nMy preference is that it would be really easy. \n\n* Boot into Windows\n* Pick drive to move\n* Pick target drive\n* It copies everything over, and reboots to the correct partition.", + "input": "", + "output": "## DriveImage XML\nDriveImage XML will do the job. It runs from within Windows and it can copy directly from drive to drive. A lot of people rave about it after good experiences with the software.\n\nDriveImage XML is an easy to use and reliable program for imaging and backing up partitions and logical drives.\nImage creation uses Microsoft's Volume Shadow Services (VSS), allowing you to create safe "hot images" even from drives currently in use. Images are stored in XML files, allowing you to process them with 3rd party tools. Never again be stuck with a useless backup! Restore images to drives without having to reboot. DriveImage XML is now faster than ever, offering two different compression levels.\n\n\n## EASEUS Disk Copy\nEASEUS Disk Copy is a great alternative if you don't want to go for a 'hot' backup that runs from within Windows. Good review at lifehacker and on a par with DriveImage XML. They quite clearly state that it is ideal for moving from one disk to a larger one. Like other suggestions, this requires that you create a boot CD.\n\n> EASEUS Disk Copy is a potent freeware providing sector-by-sector disk/partition clone regardless of your operating system, file systems and partition scheme by creating a bootable CD. The sector-by-sector method assures you a copy 100% identical to the original. Disk Copy can be used for copy, cloning, or upgrading your original small hard drive to a new larger drive. Simply speaking, it can copy anything from the old hard drive including the deleted, lost files and inaccessible data. So, the freeware is a perfect tool for Data Recovery Wizard to recover files from a backup disk.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What's the difference between ASCII and Unicode?", + "input": "", + "output": "ASCII has 128 code points, 0 through 127. It can fit in a single 8-bit byte, the values 128 through 255 tended to be used for other characters. With incompatible choices, causing the code page disaster. Text encoded in one code page cannot be read correctly by a program that assumes or guessed at another code page.\n\nUnicode came about to solve this disaster. Version 1 started out with 65536 code points, commonly encoded in 16 bits. Later extended in version 2 to 1.1 million code points. The current version is 6.3, using 110,187 of the available 1.1 million code points. That doesn't fit in 16 bits anymore.\nEncoding in 16-bits was common when v2 came around, used by Microsoft and Apple operating systems for example. And language runtimes like Java. The v2 spec came up with a way to map those 1.1 million code points into 16-bits. An encoding called UTF-16, a variable length encoding where one code point can take either 2 or 4 bytes. The original v1 code points take 2 bytes, added ones take 4. \n\nAnother variable length encoding that's very common, used in *nix operating systems and tools is UTF-8, a code point can take between 1 and 4 bytes, the original ASCII codes take 1 byte the rest take more. The only non-variable length encoding is UTF-32, takes 4 bytes for a code point. Not often used since it is pretty wasteful. There are other ones, like UTF-1 and UTF-7, widely ignored.\nAn issue with the UTF-16/32 encodings is that the order of the bytes will depend on the endian-ness of the machine that created the text stream. So add to the mix UTF-16BE, UTF-16LE, UTF-32BE and UTF-32LE.\n\nHaving these different encoding choices brings back the code page disaster to some degree, along with heated debates among programmers which UTF choice is \"best\". Their association with operating system defaults pretty much draws the lines. One counter-measure is the definition of a BOM, the Byte Order Mark, a special codepoint (U+FEFF, zero width space) at the beginning of a text stream that indicates how the rest of the stream is encoded. It indicates both the UTF encoding and the endianess and is neutral to a text rendering engine. Unfortunately it is optional and many programmers claim their right to omit it so accidents are still pretty common.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Reasons why healthy people would intentionally want to get infected?", + "input": "", + "output": "Because some self-proclaimed health guru claims that it's good for you to have that disease.\n\nThe miracle-virus causes your body to absorb free cosmic energies. Your constantly raising body temperature is proof that it works.\nThe headache you feel is because your brain is reconfiguring itself to become more effective. When the process is over, you will be far more intelligent. Some of our patients even gained psychic powers.\nThe vomiting, blood-coughing, explosive diarrhea and the open sores you have all over your body are actually all the poisons your body accumulated over your life which are now leaving your body.\nThe weakness you feel and the periodical blackouts are also part of the cleansing process. Your body is concentrating all its energy on cleaning you. That's in fact a good sign and shows that it works. Some of us were even able to communicate with alien angel-spirits during these intensive cleaning phases.\n\nAll of that is of course bullshit. The infected are simply sick. The guru just claims all those pseudo-scientific benefits exist to get people to pay them ridiculous amounts of money for infecting them with the disease.\n\nSounds ridiculous? Then you might want to take a look at the community of people drinking bleach.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In The Avengers, the Council contacted Nick Fury and supposedly, they want to nuke Manhattan. Nick didn't agree so they contacted a S.H.I.E.L.D. operative to nuke Manhattan.\nWhen they found out that an unauthorized jet was trying to fly, Nick grabbed a rocket launcher and fired it at the jet, which was a decoy and the real jet was able to escape. \nHowever, why would he do that? If that was the real plane carrying a nuke enough to level Manhattan, wouldn't the nuke explode and destroy the base along with them if he fired a rocket launcher at it?", + "input": "", + "output": "\nIf that was the real plane carrying a nuke enough to level Manhattan, wouldn't the nuke explode and destroy the base along with them if he fired a rocket launcher at it?\n\nNo.\nDetonating a modern nuclear device is, in fact, incredibly difficult and merely shooting down the aircraft carrying it would not be sufficient.\nIn fact, several aircraft carrying older nuclear devices have either crashed or otherwise been lost without the device on board detonating.\nIt's likely that the crash might cause a release of nuclear material but detonation is practically impossible.\nIn 1966...\n\n...another B-52 carrying four hydrogen bombs crashed near the Spanish town of Palomares on Spain’s southeast coast after colliding with a refueling tanker. One of the four bombs was recovered virtually intact, according to The Washington Post, but two others released plutonium when their explosive triggers detonated. A fourth bomb fell into the sea, prompting a search that involved thousands of uniformed personnel, millions of dollars and 20 ships that ranged from submarines to minesweepers.\nThe fourth bomb was eventually recovered, but radiation released by the damaged weapons required a U.S.-led effort to decontaminate 640 acres of topsoil in the farmland around Palomares, Tad Sczulc reported in the Times. Military personnel initially wore face masks and gloves as they removed the soil, according to Sczulc’s account, and more than 1,600 tons of contaminated soil were sealed in steel drums and shipped to the U.S. for disposal.\nWashington Post\n\n1964\n\nIn 1964, a B-52 carrying two unarmed atomic bombs crashed in western Maryland. In 1961, two nuclear-laden B-52s went down — one near Yuba City, Calif., and another north of Goldsboro, N.C. The bombs survived both crashes without detonating\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Since I created my repository it appears that the tags I have been\ncreating are not pushed to the repository. When I do ```git tag``` on the\nlocal directory all the tags are present, but when I logon to the\nremote repository and do a ```git tag```, only the first few show up.\nWhat could the problem be?.", + "input": "", + "output": "In default git remote configuration you have to push tags explicitly (while they are fetched automatically together with commits they point to). You need to use\n\n```\n$ git push tag \n```\nto push a single tag,\n```\n$ git push --tags\n```\nto push all tags (or ```git push --tags``` to push to default remote, usually ```origin```).\n\nThis is very much intended behavior, to make pushing tags explicit. Pushing tags should be usually conscious choice.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How do I add Git submodule to a sub-directory?", + "input": "", + "output": "You go into ~/.janus and run:\n\n```git submodule add snipmate-snippets/snippets/```\n\nIf you need more information about submodules (or git in general) ProGit is pretty useful.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Given that Kohn-Sham DFT is strictly a ground-state method (at 0 K), how is it sufficient to describe materials in real-life applications?", + "input": "", + "output": "These are a few extra points to complement Andrew Rosen's comprehensive response:\n\n* To be absolutely clear, typical DFT calculations are not performed at 0K, a better description of what happens is that they are performed \"for a static crystal\". Static crystal means that the atoms are fixed at their crystallographic positions (which is what a typical DFT calculation does), but this situation is different from 0K. Even at 0K, the atomic nuclei move due to quantum zero-point motion (also called quantum fluctuations). This quantum zero-point motion is very small for compounds containing heavy elements, which means that in these cases \"0K\" and \"static crystal\" are almost the same and many people use the terms interchangeably. However, quantum zero-point motion can be very large for light elements, for example in solid hydrogen (the lightest of all compounds) it dominates even at room temperature. To perform a calculation at 0K (as opposed to a static crystal calculation), the strategy that Andrew Rosen proposed would still work if you use quantum statistics. For example, solving the vibrational problem within the harmonic approximation at the quantum mechanical level with give you the zero-point energy as the ground state of a quantum harmonic oscillator. A good reference for hydrogen is this review article.\n* Although Andrew Rosen is correct in that the potential energy surface is largely temperature independent, there are a few situations in which the potential energy surface does vary significantly with temperature. An example of this is provided by many perovskite crystals (e.g. $\\ce{BaTiO_3}$), which undergo a series of temperature-induced structural phase transitions. For example, at very high temperatures the structure is cubic, and this structure sits at a minimum of the potential free energy surface. However, if you calculated the potential energy surface (instead of the free energy surface), then it has a double-well shape and the cubic structure is at the saddle point, so the structure will lower its energy by distorting and going to one of the minima. This is precisely what happens at low temperatures because the corresponding free energy surface acquires a double-well shape, and the system undergoes a structural phase transition. A good early DFT reference for this is this paper.\n* As already pointed out by others, the differences between DFT and TDDFT or $GW$-BSE are not related to the inclusion or exclusion of temperature. In this language, both TDDFT and $GW$-BSE have no temperature for the behaviour of the nuclei, and you could incoporate it in a similar fashion to what Andrew Rosen described for DFT.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I don't really get the difference between gain and volume boost.\n\nSo if I understand correctly, gain directly boosts a signal from a line or input while volume handles the output. Volume isn't really for boosting either.\nWould this mean, in most settings, getting 'close to' as much gain as possible without any hiss/background noise is ideal?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here's a brief overview to get you started. Hopefully this helps!\n\n* 'Gain' controls are typically used to get a good input level. So for example if you had a microphone with a very low output signal, you would boost the gain to get a better level into your mixing desk or audio interface. If you had a synthesizer plugged in you might need to turn the gain down to stop the signal distorting. Gain controls are often controlling an amplifier behind the scenes - i.e. your signal can 'gain' strength after going through the gain stage of your audio equipment. So gain is usually the first control in the signal path of your recording equipment. \n\n* 'Volume' controls on the other hand tend to be at the end of the signal chain and are more likely to be attenuating rather than amplifying the signal. So on a mixing desk, having got a good level from each input at the gain stage, you use the volume faders to adjust the relative volumes of each channel to achieve a good mix. You are not typically amplifying those signals any more though.\n\nA guitar amp is a good example of how this works. The first control is often called \"Gain\" or 'drive' and guitarists often deliberately turn this really high to get a nice distorted sound from a tube preamp. However, the final control is called Volume and governs simply how loud the sound coming out of your speaker is. With gain right up and volume low you can play distorted sounds without annoying the neighbours. With gain low and volume high you get a loud sound but no distortion.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I recently had someone claim (on an unrelated SE site I won't link to) that it is the responsibility of a player to correctly identify their hand, that what you "call" your hand determines the winner:\n\nFor example, you have an Ace, King, Queen, Jack, and Ten. You call your hand and say, "I have a Straight!"\nBut that was a bad move on your part because you are a novice player and you did not notice that all of your cards are Spades. You actually had a Straight Flush, but now you have lost because one of the remaining players had a Full House.\nYour hand has not been determined until you call your hand.\n\nIs this true? Clearly you might play your hand differently if you misunderstand what you have, but I always thought that the cards speak for themselves once they are revealed.\nOr would it depend on the specific poker variation/house rules?", + "input": "", + "output": "Casinos in the US generally have the \"cards speak\" rule. That is, when a hand is properly tabled--exposed to everyone at showdown--it is the responsibility of all players, the dealer, floormen, and anyone else present to see that the pot is awarded to the best hand shown, regardless of what the players might say.\n\nSome players object to this rule: they believe that if a player or railbird says \"Wait, Bob has a flush\", that's unfairly helping a player. But the rule is clear: once the hand is tabled, others have not only the right but the obligation to help ensure the pot is awarded correctly.\n\nThere are a couple of caveats: if a player only shows his hand to another player, or to the dealer, or to any other person, without properly tabling it for everyone, that player has no rights yet and those to whom the hand was shown should remain silent to protect other players' properly shown hands. But once the hand is tabled, it's fair game and everyone can and should assist in reading the hands.\n\nFinally, in some cases, if a floorman feels that a player has deliberately overcalled his hand to induce a player with a better hand to fold, he may penalize that player by awarding the pot to someone else, even possibly to a folded hand. Some California lowball clubs even had a rule that a player who remained silent rather than explicitly calling out a pair could be ruled against in this way.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to get the first item from an associative PHP array?", + "input": "", + "output": "PHP \nIf you don't know enough about the array (you're not sure whether the first key is foo or bar) then the array might well also be, maybe, empty.\nSo it would be best to check, especially if there is the chance that the returned value might be the boolean FALSE:\n```$value = empty($arr) ? $default : reset($arr);\n```\nThe above code uses ```reset``` and so has side effects (it resets the internal pointer of the array), so you might prefer using ```array_slice``` to quickly access a copy of the first element of the array:\n```$value = $default;\nforeach(array_slice($arr, 0, 1) as $value);\n```\n\nAssuming you want to get both the key and the value separately, you need to add the fourth parameter to ```array_slice```:\n```foreach(array_slice($arr, 0, 1, true) as $key => $value);\n```\nTo get the first item as a pair (```key => value```):\n```$item = array_slice($arr, 0, 1, true);\n```\nSimple modification to get the last item, key and value separately:\n```foreach(array_slice($arr, -1, 1, true) as $key => $value);\n```\nperformance\nIf the array is not really big, you don't actually need ```array_slice``` and can rather get a copy of the whole keys array, then get the first item:\n```$key = count($arr) ? array_keys($arr)[0] : null;\n```\nIf you have a very big array, though, the call to ```array_keys``` will require significant time and memory more than ```array_slice``` (both functions walk the array, but the latter terminates as soon as it has gathered the required number of items - which is one).\nA notable exception is when you have the first key which points to a very large and convoluted object. In that case ```array_slice``` will duplicate that first large object, while ```array_keys``` will only grab the keys.\nPHP 7.3+\nPHP 7.3 onwards implements ```array_key_first()``` as well as ```array_key_last()```. These are explicitly provided to access first and last keys efficiently without resetting the array's internal state as a side effect.\nSo since PHP 7.3 the first value of ```$array``` may be accessed with\n```$array[array_key_first($array)];\n```\nYou still had better check that the array is not empty though, or you will get an error:\n```$firstKey = array_key_first($array);\nif (null === $firstKey) {\n $value = "Array is empty"; // An error should be handled here\n} else {\n $value = $array[$firstKey];\n}\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why do people write #!/usr/bin/env python on the first line of a Python script?", + "input": "", + "output": "In order to run the python script, we need to tell the shell three things:\n\n* That the file is a script\n* Which interpreter we want to execute the script\n* The path of said interpreter\n\nThe shebang ```#!``` accomplishes (1.). The shebang begins with a ```#``` because the ```#``` character is a comment marker in many scripting languages. The contents of the shebang line are therefore automatically ignored by the interpreter.\nThe ```env``` command accomplishes (2.) and (3.). To quote "grawity,"\n\n> A common use of the ```env``` command is to launch interpreters, by making use of the fact that env will search $PATH for the command it is told to launch. Since the shebang line requires an absolute path to be specified, and since the location of various interpreters (perl, bash, python) may vary a lot, it is common to use: ```#!/usr/bin/env perl``` instead of trying to guess whether it is /bin/perl, /usr/bin/perl, /usr/local/bin/perl, /usr/local/pkg/perl, /fileserver/usr/bin/perl, or /home/MrDaniel/usr/bin/perl on the user's system... \n\n> On the other hand, env is almost always in /usr/bin/env. (Except in cases when it isn't; some systems might use /bin/env, but that's a fairly rare occassion and only happens on non-Linux systems.)", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Nowadays each graphic card has some driver in operating system that translates some (typically) standard API such as OpenGL, so that programmers use some standardized API code to tell graphics cards how and what they want to render. (Actually that's already a bit hard-core most programmers really use various game engines that do this for them). In times of old computers - how was this done? Did every programmer of every game implemented all possible various API's that old graphic cards supported? Or did the old game studios from MS-DOS times had their own \"game engines\" that provided some abstraction when it came to these graphic cards? I remember there were many various card vendors and I remember old games asked me which one I have - so I suppose these games contained code / drivers for all these cards?", + "input": "", + "output": "> Did every programmer of every game implemented all possible various API's that old graphic cards supported?\n\nYes - but it went even deeper than that. Early graphics cards had virtually no callable code associated with them at all, the concept of \"drivers\" had not quite become a reality yet. There was the concept of a Video BIOS, which were extensions to the ```INT 10h``` BIOS video services, that were effectively limited to initialization and switching video modes. \nInstead, graphics cards, at least in DOS land, all had memory mapped display RAM, and extensive documentation was available about exactly how setting various bits in display RAM would affect the pixels that appeared on the screen. There were no drawing APIs to call, if you wanted something to appear on the screen (whether it be a pixel, a character, a line, a circle, a sprite, etc) you would write the code to move the bytes into the right places in display RAM. Entire books were written about how to write efficient code to draw graphics.\nThere were some systems like the Borland Graphics Interface that abstracted graphics drawing primitives into an API with different drivers that one could call to draw things on different graphics cards. However, these were typically slower than what would be required for building action type games.\nAn action game would typically be optimized for a particular graphics display mode on a particular card. For example, a popular display mode was VGA 640x480 with 16 colors. This would be listed in the software requirements, and you needed to have the right hardware to support the game. If you bought a VGA game but you only had an EGA card, then the game would not work at all. As you said, some games would ask what you had and you had to know what the right answer was, otherwise the game would not work.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why is it \"behead\" and not \"dehead\"?", + "input": "", + "output": "We didn’t use de-head because we already had a verb behead by the time we started using de- to create verbs: behead was a verb in Old English, behéafdian. \n\nSo behead was already used long before the de- privative prefix came to be used productively in English. That didn’t happen until Modern English with a few productive examples in the 17ᵗʰ century but most coming from the 19ᵗʰ century or after. As Janus mentions in comments, the de- word meaning the same thing, decapitate, was imported in full with the de- already there, from Latin via French, in the 17ᵗʰ century.\n\nThere are many different possible senses of be- in verbs; the OED lists six different primary senses with subsenses. This here in behead is one of the rarer ones. Under be- sense 6c, it says that this privative sense of be- used to create behead is an ancient sense that means bereave of:\n\n \nForming trans. verbs on substantives used in an instrumental relation; the primary idea being; \n* a. To surround, cover, or bedaub with, as in becloud, to put clouds about, cover with clouds, bedew. Thence, by extension,\n* b. To affect with in any way, as in benight, beguile, befriend. In both sets there is often an accompanying notion of ‘thoroughly, excessively,’ as in 2.\n* c. An ancient application, no longer in living use, was to express the sense of ‘bereave of,’ as in behead, belimb, etc., q.v. Cf. 3, above.\n\nAlthough 6a and 6b are still productive, 6c no longer is so in the living language. Another Old English verb formed using 6c was belandian, meaning to deprive of one’s land. However, this verb did not survive into Modern English.\n\nEl destierro\nApropos de nada, the Spanish equivalent of the obsolete verb beland still very much exists in the verb desterrar, which combines the privative des‑ prefix with the noun tierra meaning land then puts that into an infinitive verb form. This is normally translated as “exile” in English, but sometime as “expel” or as a noun “expulsion”. There is also a substantive version, destierro, is famously found in “Cantar del destierro”, which is the title of the first canto from that most ancient of Castilian epic poems, El Cantar de Mio Cid. \n\nTruly, el Cid was belanded of his lands by the King.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why do many vinyl albums of classical music have Sides 1 / 4 on the first record and 2 / 3 on the second? An example of this is the RCA Red Seal recording of Beethoven's 9th Symphony by the Boston Symphony Orchestra.", + "input": "", + "output": "Many phonographs were able to play multiple records in sequence with a mechanism that would hold one or more records on the turntable, and one or more additional records elevated on the center post.\nAt the end of one record, the mechanism sensed the tone arm reaching close to the center of the record, and then lifted it, pulled it out beyond the edge of the records. The system then dropped the bottom record of those on the center post, leaving the rest of them. Then the tone arm mechanism moved the tone arm to the outside of the record and lowered it to the record.\nThe mechanism was pretty ingenious, but it couldn't flip records over. So, to play a long piece, it would play one side of each record until the stack was exhausted. Then it was up to a person to flip the stack to play the opposite sides in sequence.\nSo, when playing records 1A/1B, 2A/2B, 3A/3B, 4A/4B in such a mechanism, the play order would be 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, (flip), 4B, 3B, 2B, 1B. The \"B\" sides would go the other way because flipping the whole stack would put them in the opposite order.\nPurists would take offense at the idea of letting records drop like that, but it was an irresistible convenience to people who could tolerance slightly quicker wear of their records.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why isn't the market dropping like a stone with all the bad news?", + "input": "", + "output": "Market reactions to information are not always timely, proportional, or rational. \nWe don't know the full impact of our current situation; we're feeling it out.\n\n* Some people (bulls), believe that the initial dip was an over-reaction, that the government response will prevent further decline, and/or that things will go back to normal pretty quickly, so they are buying the dip.\n* On the other side you have people (bears) that believe the initial reaction was just a start but not enough to price-in the full impact, that the government can't prop up the economy, and/or that this will drag on for a long while, so they are betting on further decline. \n\nThe problem with this idea of information being priced-in is that we all know there's a global pandemic, but there are very different opinions about how much that should affect the market.\nConsider unemployment levels: We have projections about unemployment rate potentially hitting a peak over 30%. Meanwhile, the current unemployment rate is 4.4% and projected to hit double digits in April. The only way all of that information could be appropriately priced in is if everyone agreed about the reasonableness of the projections and had the economic prowess to understand the actual impact of those figures.\nInstead, what happens is that some people will see the actual April unemployment numbers as surprising new information to react to, while others will see it as old information in line with their expectations. Add in thousands of other pieces of information about which people have conflicting opinions, and it becomes pretty much impossible to know in advance if that information was all priced in appropriately.\nThe most recent comparable event is the subprime mortgage crash. Many people thought bottom was hit around November 2008 and there was a brief counter-trend rally before actual bottom was hit around March 2009. We don't know at this time if the market has bottomed out yet or not; nor do we know how long recovery could take.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What are Null Pointer Exceptions (```java.lang.NullPointerException```) and what causes them?\n\nWhat methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are two overarching types of variables in Java:\n\n1. Primitives: variables that contain data. If you want to manipulate the data in a primitive variable you can manipulate that variable directly. By convention primitive types start with a lowercase letter. For example variables of type `int` or `char` are primitives.\n\n2. References: variables that contain the memory address of an `Object` i.e. variables that refer to an `Object`. If you want to manipulate the `Object` that a reference variable refers to you must dereference it. Dereferencing usually entails using `.` to access a method or field, or using `[` to index an array. By convention reference types are usually denoted with a type that starts in uppercase. For example variables of type `Object` are references.\n\nConsider the following code where you declare a variable of primitive type `int` and don't initialize it:\n```\nint x;\nint y = x + x;\n```\nThese two lines will crash the program because no value is specified for `x` and we are trying to use `x`'s value to specify `y`. All primitives have to be initialized to a usable value before they are manipulated.\n\nNow here is where things get interesting. Reference variables can be set to `null` which means \"I am referencing nothing\". You can get a `null` value in a reference variable if you explicitly set it that way, or a reference variable is uninitialized and the compiler does not catch it (Java will automatically set the variable to `null`).\n\nIf a reference variable is set to null either explicitly by you or through Java automatically, and you attempt to dereference it you get a `NullPointerException`.\n\nThe `NullPointerException` (NPE) typically occurs when you declare a variable but did not create an object and assign it to the variable before trying to use the contents of the variable. So you have a reference to something that does not actually exist.\n\nTake the following code:\n```\nInteger num;\nnum = new Integer(10);\n```\nThe first line declares a variable named `num`, but it does not actually contain a reference value yet. Since you have not yet said what to point to, Java sets it to `null`.\n\nIn the second line, the `new` keyword is used to instantiate (or create) an object of type `Integer`, and the `reference` variable `num` is assigned to that `Integer` object.\n\nIf you attempt to dereference `num` before creating the object you get a `NullPointerException`. In the most trivial cases, the compiler will catch the problem and let you know that \"`num may not have been initialized`,\" but sometimes you may write code that does not directly create the object.\n\nFor instance, you may have a method as follows:\n```\npublic void doSomething(SomeObject obj) {\n // Do something to obj, assumes obj is not null\n obj.myMethod();\n}\n```\nIn which case, you are not creating the object `obj`, but rather assuming that it was created before the `doSomething()` method was called. Note, it is possible to call the method like this:\n```\ndoSomething(null);\n```\nIn which case, `obj` is `null`, and the statement `obj.myMethod()` will throw a `NullPointerException`.\n\nIf the method is intended to do something to the passed-in object as the above method does, it is appropriate to throw the `NullPointerException` because it's a programmer error and the programmer will need that information for debugging purposes.\n\nIn addition to `NullPointerException`'s thrown as a result of the method's logic, you can also check the method arguments for `null` values and throw NPEs explicitly by adding something like the following near the beginning of a method:\n```\n// Throws an NPE with a custom error message if obj is null\nObjects.requireNonNull(obj, \"obj must not be null\");\n```\n\nNote that it's helpful to say in your error message clearly which object cannot be `null`. The advantage of validating this is that 1) you can return your own clearer error messages and 2) for the rest of the method you know that unless `obj` is reassigned, it is not null and can be dereferenced safely.\n\nAlternatively, there may be cases where the purpose of the method is not solely to operate on the passed in object, and therefore a null parameter may be acceptable. In this case, you would need to check for a null parameter and behave differently. You should also explain this in the documentation. For example, `doSomething()` could be written as:\n```\n/**\n * @param obj An optional foo for ____. May be null, in which case\n * the result will be ____.\n */\npublic void doSomething(SomeObject obj) {\n if(obj == null) {\n // Do something\n } else {\n // Do something else\n }\n}\n```\n\nFinally, how to pinpoint the exception & cause using Stack Trace:\n\n> What methods/tools can be used to determine the cause so that you stop the exception from causing the program to terminate prematurely?\n\nSonar with find bugs can detect NPE. Can sonar catch null pointer exceptions caused by JVM Dynamically\n\nNow Java 14 has added a new language feature to show the root cause of NullPointerException. This language feature has been part of SAP commercial JVM since 2006. In Java 14, the following is a sample NullPointerException Exception message:\n\n> in thread \"main\" java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke \"java.util.List.size()\" because \"list\" is null", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In Raiders of the Lost Ark, at the Ark opening ceremony the Nazi troops brings the Ark of the Covenant to the top of the mountain as Belloq said something before opening the Ark. Then they took the sand from the Ark and suddenly spirits coming out from the Ark and they're all killed (except Indy and Marion) by the freed-spirits which came from the Ark. Meanwhile, Indy asks Marion to keep her eyes shut. They didn't see the Ark when it was opened, so they're survived. In that scene what I don't understand is how did Indy know not to look into the Ark when it was opened?", + "input": "", + "output": "There was a deleted scene that explained it:\n\n A plot element involving the Ark of the Covenant was cut from the film and is only hinted at during the finale when the Ark is opened. \n Basically, there were 2 rules about the Ark not mentioned in the final cut of the film:\n \n * If you touch the Ark, you die \n * If you look at the Ark when it is opened, you die \n \n This is first explained in additional dialogue for the scene when Indy and Sallah visit Imam. Before translating the writings on the headpiece that give the height of the Staff of Ra, Imam warns Indy not to touch the Ark or look at it when it is opened.\n [Source]\n The next scene involving this Ark subplot is when Sallah and Indy remove the Ark from the Well of the Souls. When Sallah first sees it he reaches out to touch it. Indy stops him before he does and reminds him of Imam's warning. Then they insert long poles through each side of the Ark to lift it out of its crypt.\n [Source]\n Notice that nobody ever touches the Ark throughout the rest of the film until the finale.\n\nAnd from the Bible (King James Version):\n\n 1 Samuel 6:19:\n And he smote the men of Bethshemesh, because they had looked into the ark of the Lord, even he smote of the people fifty thousand and threescore and ten men...\n 2 Samuel 6:6-7\n And when they came to Nachon's threshingfloor, Uzzah put forth his hand to the ark of God, and took hold of it; for the oxen shook it. And the anger of the Lord was kindled against Uzzah; and God smote him there for his error; and there he died by the ark of God.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is likely to happen when you plug two ends of a network cable to a single switch/router? Will this create problems on the network, or just be ignored?", + "input": "", + "output": "It depends on the router/switch. \nIf it's \"Managed\" - Like decent Netgear, Cisco or HP Procurve, or has STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) or one of its variants enabled, there's a few seconds of absolute insanity, then the switch realises that there's a loop in the network topology, and blocks one of the ports. \n(I've only described the STP re-convergence as \"absolute insanity\" because if you're using old-style, slow, STP then re-convergence can take 30s or more, depending on network complexity. Vendor specific STP extensions such as BackboneFast and so on will decrease this, but you might still end up with a short period of a slightly unstable network. Rapid STP is a lot quicker to converge, due to a different algorithm)\nIf it's \"Unmanaged\"- Like pretty much all SOHO grade gear, and a fair proportion of small 4-8 port switches, then all hell breaks loose, as you've just created a loop in a network, and all the traffic tends to just bounce about inside the loop. \nThe reason this happens is because switches rely on a process of MAC address learning to map MAC addresses to physical ports. In a non-looped network, one MAC address will only be visible to the switch on a given physical port. If you have a loop, then the switch will see multiple paths to the same MAC address, and possibly multiple MAC addresses on multiple ports, so instead of the traffic being switched efficiently, it will be broadcast to wherever it sees the MACs. This is known as a \"Broadcast Storm\".\nThis can quickly use up all of a switch's CPU power, fill the transmit and receive buffers, as well as polluting the MAC address table.\nBasically, if you create a loop in the network, you'll know about it, either through monitoring (detecting a change in the STP topology [you do have monitoring, right?]), or in everything falling over dramatically. \nIf you look at a switch that has a broadcast storm on it, you tend to find that all of the port activity lights are blinking all at the same time.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What command do I use to find the size of all the files (recursively) in a Linux or Mac OS X directory?", + "input": "", + "output": "The BSD version of ```du``` used in OS X reports size with 512-byte blocks -- the sizes are essentially rounded up to the next 512-byte value. This tells you the space on disk, which is larger than the amount of data. If you have a lot of small files, the difference can be large.\nHere's an example.\nThis is the value with regular ```du```. It's in 512-byte blocks:\n```$ du -s\n248 .\n```\nThe ```-h``` flag results in a more readable number, in kilobytes. As expected, it's half the number of 512-byte blocks:\n```$ du -hs\n124K .\n```\nFinally, you can use ```find``` and ```awk``` to give you the sum of actual bytes in the files. This is kind of slow, but it works:\n```$ find . -type f -exec ls -l {} \\; | awk '{sum += $5} END {print sum}'\n60527\n```\nThis value matches exactly the number reported by Finder's Get Info window. (There are no weird forks or xattrs in this set of files.) It's significantly smaller than the value reported by ```du```.\nHere's how it works: it gets a list of all the files, and passes them to ```ls -l```; then ```awk``` is used to count up the bytes. The ```-type f``` flag is there so that only files (and not directories) get sent to ```ls```. Without that flag, it'll also send directory names to ```ls```, and each file will be listed twice : once as an individual file, and once as an item in the directory.\nThe GNU version of ```du``` can give values in actual bytes instead of blocks. It's unfortunate that the BSD version of ```du``` is not as flexible.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I've been writing C and C++ code for almost twenty years, but there's one aspect of these languages that I've never really understood. I've obviously used regular casts i.e.\n```MyClass *m = (MyClass *)ptr;\n```\nall over the place, but there seem to be two other types of casts, and I don't know the difference. What's the difference between the following lines of code?\n```MyClass *m = (MyClass *)ptr;\nMyClass *m = static_cast(ptr);\nMyClass *m = dynamic_cast(ptr);\n```", + "input": "", + "output": "## static_cast\n\n`static_cast` is used for cases where you basically want to reverse an implicit conversion, with a few restrictions and additions. `static_cast` performs no runtime checks. This should be used if you know that you refer to an object of a specific type, and thus a check would be unnecessary. Here is an example:\n\n```\nvoid func(void *data) {\n // Conversion from MyClass* -> void* is implicit\n MyClass *c = static_cast(data);\n ...\n}\n\nint main() {\n MyClass c;\n start_thread(&func, &c) // func(&c) will be called\n .join();\n}\n```\nIn this example, you know that you passed a `MyClass` object, and thus there isn't any need for a runtime check to ensure this.\n\n## dynamic_cast\n\n`dynamic_cast` is useful when you don't know what the dynamic type of the object is. It returns a null pointer if the object referred to doesn't contain the type casted to as a base class (when you cast to a reference, a `bad_cast` exception is thrown in that case).\n\n```\nif (JumpStm *j = dynamic_cast(&stm)) {\n ...\n} else if (ExprStm *e = dynamic_cast(&stm)) {\n ...\n}\n```\nAn \"up-cast\" (cast to the base class) is always valid with both `static_cast` and `dynamic_cast`, and also without any cast, as an \"up-cast\" is an implicit conversion (assuming the base class is accessible, i.e. it's a `public` inheritance).\n\n## Regular Cast\n\nThese casts are also called C-style cast. A C-style cast is basically identical to trying out a range of sequences of C++ casts, and taking the first C++ cast that works, without ever considering `dynamic_cast`. Needless to say, this is much more powerful as it combines all of `const_cast`, `static_cast` and `reinterpret_cast`, but it's also unsafe, because it does not use `dynamic_cast`.\n\nIn addition, C-style casts not only allow you to do this, but they also allow you to safely cast to a private base-class, while the \"equivalent\" `static_cast` sequence would give you a compile-time error for that.\n\nSome people prefer C-style casts because of their brevity. I use them for numeric casts only, and use the appropriate C++ casts when user defined types are involved, as they provide stricter checking.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why don't toilets use saltwater?", + "input": "", + "output": "The main answer is logistical. Building a network of pipes to convey water to houses is a major effort, and most places where that's been done found it extremely expensive. Providing a second set of pipes to bring salt water to houses would probably cost about the same. Except that cities go to considerable lengths to put their water reservoirs above the city as far as possible so they don't have to use as much energy for pumping. The few cities with seawater above them pay a lot to pump water out.\nA minor secondary problem is that sewage treatment plants are fairly heavily biological. They grow things in the sewage to break it down. But most of those things won't grow in salt water. It's already a challenge keeping toxic chemicals out of the sewage. For this to work it might be necessary to add a second set of sewer pipes to carry the water away, and develop new methods of treating that salty sewage (the treated sewage couldn't be spread on farmland, for example).\nIt would be far simpler, cheaper and more reliable to simply buy everyone a composting toilet to replace each toilet they currently have. As a halfway measure, mandating more economical toilets would help, as would education campaigns like the ones encouraging people not to flush at all when they urinate. Even with a sensible cistern that has a 2 litre "half flush", that's two litres wasted every time someone pees.\nAdditionally, salt is not good for pipes. A lot of pipes, even today, are clay or concrete, and salt water is bad for both of these. It's not impossible to get around that, just expensive.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How do I modify fields inside the new PostgreSQL JSON datatype?", + "input": "", + "output": "With Postgresql 9.5 it can be done by following-\n```UPDATE test\nSET data = data - 'a' || '{\"a\":5}'\nWHERE data->>'b' = '2';\n```\nOR\n```UPDATE test\nSET data = jsonb_set(data, '{a}', '5'::jsonb);\n```\n\nSomebody asked how to update many fields in jsonb value at once. Suppose we create a table:\n```CREATE TABLE testjsonb ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, object JSONB );\n```\nThen we INSERT a experimental row:\n```INSERT INTO testjsonb\nVALUES (DEFAULT, '{\"a\":\"one\", \"b\":\"two\", \"c\":{\"c1\":\"see1\",\"c2\":\"see2\",\"c3\":\"see3\"}}');\n```\nThen we UPDATE the row:\n```UPDATE testjsonb SET object = object - 'b' || '{\"a\":1,\"d\":4}';\n```\nWhich does the following:\n\n* Updates the a field\n* Removes the b field\n* Add the d field\n\nSelecting the data:\n```SELECT jsonb_pretty(object) FROM testjsonb;\n```\nWill result in:\n``` jsonb_pretty\n-------------------------\n { +\n \"a\": 1, +\n \"c\": { +\n \"c1\": \"see1\", +\n \"c2\": \"see2\", +\n \"c3\": \"see3\", +\n }, +\n \"d\": 4 +\n }\n(1 row)\n```\nTo update field inside, Dont use the concat operator ```||```. Use jsonb_set instead. Which is not simple:\n```UPDATE testjsonb SET object =\njsonb_set(jsonb_set(object, '{c,c1}','\"seeme\"'),'{c,c2}','\"seehim\"');\n```\nUsing the concat operator for {c,c1} for example:\n```UPDATE testjsonb SET object = object || '{\"c\":{\"c1\":\"seedoctor\"}}';\n```\nWill remove {c,c2} and {c,c3}.\nFor more power, seek power at postgresql json functions documentation. One might be interested in the ```#-``` operator, ```jsonb_set``` function and also ```jsonb_insert``` function.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I find that the survivability and general performance of my party increases massively from levels 1 to 2. At times, level 1 feels like a completely different game from level 2. However, I can't fathom how or why. I think that the availability of healing has something to do with it. From a mechanical perspective, is there any deep reason why level 1 and level 2 seem so radically different? Furthermore, why I do find no similar differences between later levels, such as 6 and 7?", + "input": "", + "output": "Welcome to Rusty Dagger Shanktown!\nWhat you have noticed is very widely commented upon—1st level is often called “rusty dagger shanktown.” It’s hyper-lethal, rather than the kind of heroic fantasy Dungeons & Dragons pitches itself as. It is very, very difficult for 1st-level PCs to actually really adventure at all. Many, many groups avoid 1st for this reason (many skip 2nd too, even though it is already dramatically different). Personally, I’ll include 1st level often, but the PCs basically always level-up to 2nd almost entirely on roleplaying XP.\nNote that this isn’t unique to 3.5e; it goes back to the earliest days of D&D. Pathfinder, of course, inherited it from 3.5e (I don’t know about PF 2e). It’s also very much still true in 5e—after 4e actually managed to avoid it, which may mean that this is considered a “feature” by some, enough that Wizards of the Coast felt the need to restore it as part of 5e’s general “return to form” after the divisive fourth edition.\nAnyway, the primary causes of rusty dagger shanktown:\nHit points\nAlmost anyone can one-shot almost any 1st-level character. It’s very, very easy to have 6 hp in a world where a decent, but basic, weapon’s base damage averages 7. Even smaller weapons can easily deal that much damage, either through luck or skill. We expect 1st-level characters to often go down in one hit.\nA 2nd-level character can have nearly twice as much hp. Actually, could easily be twice as much, if they multiclass from a small-HD class to a large-HD class. That drastically changes the game, because suddenly you can feel reasonably confident that you aren’t going to just suddenly die before anyone can do anything. Healing actually becomes relevant, where at 1st it’s often too little, too late.\nNotably, this only has this effect because damage doesn’t grow at the same rate. The base damage of weapons is fixed, and ability scores start at double digits but grow very slowly from there. That’s the biggest chunk of early damage for most characters. Even beyond that, a lot of damage boosts—inspire courage, rage, sneak attack—come at 1st anyway. And monsters tend to kind of mirror these trends.\nSo what ends up happening is that a 1st-level character can’t really take a chance in order to get something accomplished. A 2nd-level character can feel reasonably comfortable taking a chance at least once. That dramatically affects the style of play. At 2nd-level D&D literally feels like a different game. Really, it is a different game.\nWealth\nCharacters start with less than 200 gp worth of gear. That’s not enough for a masterwork weapon, not enough even for non-masterwork medium or heavy armors, definitely not enough for any kind of magic item beyond maybe an extremely basic consumable. No 1st-level character has even their complete basic kit yet.\nThe expected wealth of a 2nd-level character is 900 gp. That can afford masterwork armor of anything short of full-plate, and for many armors leave enough left over for a masterwork weapon. Most importantly, that is enough money for a party of 4 to trivially afford a wand of cure light wounds. A wand of cure light wounds is a game-changer. It means you can easily start every fight at full hp. And with 2nd-level hp, that means you can actually take a few risks.\n2nd-level features\nThis varies considerably from one class to the next, but several classes get major class features at 2nd level. The paladin’s 2nd-level feature, divine grace, might be the single greatest class feature in the game (assuming we don’t count “spells” and the like as a singular feature). Rangers don’t get their combat style until 2nd. Bards get 1st-level spells at 2nd (though inspire courage from 1st level is probably more important). Outside of core, meldshapers don’t get any chakra binds until 2nd, which can leave them with zero offense at 1st. Swordsages don’t get Wis-to-AC until 2nd.\nBut plenty of characters are fine from 1st, so this can vary a lot.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In my table view I have to scroll to the top. But I cannot guarantee that the first object is going to be section 0, row 0. May be that my table view will start from section number 5.\nSo I get an exception, when I call:\n```[mainTableView scrollToRowAtIndexPath:[NSIndexPath indexPathForRow:0 inSection:0] atScrollPosition:UITableViewScrollPositionTop animated:NO];\n```\nIs there another way to scroll to the top of table view?", + "input": "", + "output": "Possible Actions: \n1 \n```func scrollToFirstRow() {\n let indexPath = NSIndexPath(forRow: 0, inSection: 0)\n self.tableView.scrollToRowAtIndexPath(indexPath, atScrollPosition: .Top, animated: true)\n}\n```\n2 \n```func scrollToLastRow() {\n let indexPath = NSIndexPath(forRow: objects.count - 1, inSection: 0)\n self.tableView.scrollToRowAtIndexPath(indexPath, atScrollPosition: .Bottom, animated: true)\n}\n```\n3 \n```func scrollToSelectedRow() {\n let selectedRows = self.tableView.indexPathsForSelectedRows\n if let selectedRow = selectedRows?[0] as? NSIndexPath {\n self.tableView.scrollToRowAtIndexPath(selectedRow, atScrollPosition: .Middle, animated: true)\n }\n}\n```\n4 \n```func scrollToHeader() {\n self.tableView.scrollRectToVisible(CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 1, height: 1), animated: true)\n}\n```\n5 \n```func scrollToTop(){\n self.tableView.setContentOffset(CGPointMake(0, UIApplication.sharedApplication().statusBarFrame.height ), animated: true)\n}\n```\nDisable Scroll To Top:\n```func disableScrollsToTopPropertyOnAllSubviewsOf(view: UIView) {\n for subview in view.subviews {\n if let scrollView = subview as? UIScrollView {\n (scrollView as UIScrollView).scrollsToTop = false\n }\n self.disableScrollsToTopPropertyOnAllSubviewsOf(subview as UIView)\n }\n}\n```\nModify and use it as per requirement.\nSwift 4\n``` func scrollToFirstRow() {\n let indexPath = IndexPath(row: 0, section: 0)\n self.tableView.scrollToRow(at: indexPath, at: .top, animated: true)\n }\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "While in Phd I developed a lot of code that I want to turn into start-up. Can I do this?", + "input": "", + "output": "I'm not aware of any blanket prohibition, anywhere, that say that you can't use code developed during a PhD for a commercial venture - but most Universities in the US will have some kind of intellectual property agreement in place to state what the process is for doing this. You will need to check with officials at your University to see what agreements you are subject to - but you should go a step farther than this. Specifically, you should see what departments might exist that can actually help you.\n\nIn the US at least - and I'm sure many other institutions around the world - there are departments specializing in intellectual property, \"knowledge transfer\", corporate spin-offs, start-ups, entrepreneurship, etc. These can be a rich source of support and networking, if they are available to you, even if you have intellectual property agreements that assign various rights to the University. \n\nUniversities want to earn money for these projects, as I'm sure you do as well, and 100% of $0 is $0. Universities often heavily facilitate the process of converting this work into money, and it is not abnormal for even a place that has heavily restricted intellectual rights assignments agreements to assign use rights and royalty agreements that have zero cost for the first $200,000+ US dollars in income. There are often even startup grants available, accelerators (even if they are not called that - places that provide space and equipment to help starting businesses), introductions to investors, showcases, and more. You won't know until you ask and look for them, as where they are located tends to vary heavily by institution. \n\nFor the exact nature of the agreements that apply to you, we can't say; I've seen everything from \"the student owns their own work\" to \"anyone funded assigns all rights and ownership to the University\", and I'm sure there are agreements everywhere in between. You are right to check them out in advance of a major decision, but this is so specific that you'll need to talk with multiple people are your specific institution to see what applies to you. You may also need to speak with an outside legal professional (lawyer experienced in this area, etc) to verify, but your local administrators are your best first point of contact to see how things work.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have heard multiple times in photography, the words Bokeh, and Gaussian Blur. To me, it seems that the words are used almost interchangeably, but in some instances, I have heard them contrasted. What's the difference, and what are the definitions of each of them?", + "input": "", + "output": "Bokeh is specifically the out-of-focus areas of an image. Gaussian blur is an algorithm to fog selected image areas, to hide details or make them look out of focus.\nThe main differences:\n\n* bokeh is created optically, gaussian blur in post-production;\n* in bokeh, the amount of how wide an out-of-focus point will be smeared is determined by its relative distance from focal plane, whereas gaussian blur is applied to a two-dimensional image where no distance information is present, thus all points are smeared equally;\n* in bokeh, the smearing characteristics depend on configuration and aperture shape of the lens, whereas gaussian blur is always smooth;\n* a small light source will be rendered as an aperture-shaped figure with quite well-defined edges in bokeh; but gaussian blur renders it as a spot with fading edges;\n* in bokeh, noise is present at the same level as in in-focus parts of image with same luminance; gaussian blur kills noise, so there'll be less noise than in non-blurred parts of image;\n* in bokeh, light areas will dominate over dark ones, while gaussian blur gives preserves the ratio of dark-light areas.\n\nSo, all in all, you can use one to fake another, but the result will be similar only for low-noise bokeh containing items on roughly a plane parallel to focal plane, not including any significantly lighter areas or light sources, and taken with a lens that has a smooth bokeh.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In 1969, NASA not only went to the moon, but broadcast the whole thing live on TV.\nHow did they achieve the TV broadcast? What technology did they need to use to send a video and audio signal from the moon to earth? Was there much of a lag?", + "input": "", + "output": "Apollo 11 mission had two modules\n\n* Lunar module - which descent to moon carrying two astronauts\n* command / service module- CSM was designed to return astronauts from the lunar surface on a direct-descent mission to earth and splash down.\n\nDirect telecast from the Command service module is not possible but CSM stored the recording of conversation which is transmitted by LM (which occur once in a rotation because the LM is stationary while CSM is orbiting the moon) then CSM sents to earth.\n\nRegarding the actual camera used in Apollo \n\n > Originally, these slow-scan television (SSTV) cameras, running at 10 frames-per-second (fps), produced only black and white pictures and first flew on the Apollo 7 mission in October 1968. \n\nNASA states as\n\n > The equipment onboard the Apollo Command Module that was used to make the recordings was called the Data Storage Equipment (DSE). Its contents were transmitted to the ground periodically during the mission. Also, the Command Module DSE had the capability to record data live during certain periods from the Lunar Module as it flew separately in lunar orbit. The equipment used aboard the Lunar Module to make the recordings was called the Data Storage Electronics Assembly (DSEA). It made recordings onboard the Lunar Module, but the DSEA flown on the Eagle during Apollo 11 malfunctioned. As a result, many of its recordings are barely, if at all, audible, with a constant high-pitched background tone. In the attached database, the recordings that are virtually inaudible are highlighted, but they are available on the web to ensure a complete release of the recordings made during the mission.\n\nand \n\n > The portion of the broadcast spectrum traditionally used for video was sending vital ship data to Earth, and there was no room left for the standard black-and- white video format of the era: 525 scan lines of data at 30 frames per second, transmitted at 4.5 MHz. So Lebar helped devise a smaller \"oddball format\" – 320 scan lines at 10 fps, transmitted at a meager 500 kHz. Tracking stations back on Earth would take this so-called slow-scan footage, convert it for TV broadcast, and beam it to Mission Control, which would send it out for the world to see. \n\nTransmission stations\n\n > To ensure a direct transmission signal from the moon, NASA had to maintain stations in three continents – two in Australia (the Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station near Canberra and the Parkes Radio Observatory surrounded by sheep paddocks west of Sydney); one at the Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex in the Mojave Desert of California; and one at the Madrid Manned Flight Tracking Site in Spain........ the tracking stations with a direct line on the Apollo 's signal were the ones in Australia. The 200-foot-diameter radio dish at the Parkes facility manag to withstand freak 70 mph gusts of wind and successfully captured the footage, which was converted and relayed to Houston. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why does \"elite\" rhyme with \"beet\" rather than \"bite\"?", + "input": "", + "output": "This has everything to do with the following:\n\n* The language of origin of the word and\n* The point at which the word entered the English language.\n\nThe reason that the words "light" and "might" and "site" have a diphthong is because they were present in spoken English during the Great Vowel Shift, which started in the 1400s and continued for a few hundred years. So words that had already entered the English language underwent that change in pronunciation. Those words could be of Anglo-Saxon, Norman French, or Latin origin. We see it across the board.\nHowever, the word elite entered English towards the end of the period of the Great Vowel shift. The first attestation is in the mid 1700s (1738 in the OED). This is probably further complicated by the fact that French has long been the language of nobility, so there are certain pressures to maintain the pronunciation patterns of the origin language.\n"Elite" joined the party a little bit late, so its pronunciation remained rather stable.\nAs Rjpond points out, elite is a modern borrowing. Words like crime, sublime, mime, etc. are older borrowings.\nTo note: There are early occurrences of the word "elite" in around 1400, with the meaning of a "bishop elect". This sense of the word died out and is now marked as archaic. So when "elite" was re-introduced (directly from French) in the 1700s, there was no existing pronunciation.\n\nSmall addendum:\nAlready existing in English is another word that already occupies the same lexical space that elite would occupy, if the pronunciation were analogized to bite: alight, which dates back to Old English. (It's a lovely word.)\nYou might say that there is some linguistic pressure to avoid creating homophones: elite vs. alight.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "A lot of ShaderToy demos share the Ray Marching algorithm to render the scene, but they are often written with a very compact style and i can't find any straightforward examples or explanation.\nSo what is Ray Marching? Some comments suggests that it is a variation of Sphere Tracing. What are the computational advantages of a such approach?", + "input": "", + "output": "## TL;DR\nThey belong to the same family of solvers, where sphere tracing is one method of ray marching, which is the family name.\n\n## Raymarching a definition\nRaymarching is a technique a bit like traditional raytracing where the surface function is not easy to solve (or impossible without numeric iterative methods). In raytracing you just look up the ray intersection, whereas in ray marching you march forward (or back and forth) until you find the intersection, have enough samples or whatever it is your trying to solve. Try to think of it like a newton-raphson method for surface finding, or summing for integrating a varying function.\n\nThis can be useful if you:\n\n* Need to render volumetrics that arenot uniform\n* Rendering implicit functions, fractals\n* Rendering other kinds of parametric surfaces where intersection is not known ahead of time, like paralax mapping\netc.\n\n\n## Sphere tracing\nSphere tracing is one possible Ray marching algorithm. Not all raymarching uses benefit form this method, as they can not be converted into this kind of scheme.\n\nSphere tracing is used for rendering implicit surfaces. Implicit surfaces are formed at some level of a continuous function. In essence solving the equation\n```F(X,Y,Z) = 0\n```\n\nBecause of how this function can be solved at each point, one can go ahead and estimate the biggest possible sphere that can fit the current march step (or if not exactly reasonably safely). You then know that next march distance is at least this big. This way you can have adaptive ray marching steps speeding up the process.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is martial arts training 'inadequate' for the real world?", + "input": "", + "output": "Yes, depending on your definitions of martial arts, inadequate, and real world.\nNo, depending on your definitions of martial arts, inadequate, and real world.\n\nSurviving an attack (or combat) is all about stacking the deck in your favour: martial arts (arts of Mars, the God of War) do help, so do guns, team mates, artillery, the police, not being there, body armour, etc... \nThere is no such thing as a typical real world violent attack. For example, urban warfare is not the same thing as a bar brawl and both require very different skill sets to survive. The no prior warning is utter rubbish. There are always signs that something is about to happen. Sure, one may not notice those and a skilled attacker will be trained in camouflaging those signs but they always are. Police officers, body guards, soldiers, etc... are all trained in recognise those signs. \nMaking general sweeping statements about violence and how to survive it generally indicate either bad research or an agenda. \nFor a good site about self defence, especially the section on martial arts, see MacYoung's no nonsense self defense. But this is about civilian self defence in a stable country. If you were in a civil war zone, the advise would be very different.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Make a single page landscape in Google Documents", + "input": "", + "output": "Currently a single Google Document can only be either Landscape or Portrait not both. Changing page orientation is done by selecting File and then Page setup.\n\nIt is currently recommended to separate the Landscape and Portrait pages into different documents. A good place to get more information that might help is at Google Products Forums.\n\nNote that an additional option might be to have three files in Google Docs. The Portrait, The Landscape, and Microsoft Word Doc which integrates the two layouts into the correct sequence (this document would be Read Only when viewed in Google Docs).\n\nA Microsoft Word document may allow multiple orientations of the Page Layout, but if it is converted to a Google Document the Page Layout for each page will revert to the first Orientation found in the document.\n\nAlso, creating multiple Orientations in Word isn't as straight forward as one might want either.\n\nFor those wanting to do this in Word: Use portrait and landscape orientation in the same document\n\n1. Select the pages or paragraphs that you want to change to portrait or landscape orientation.\nNOTE: If you select some but not all of the text on a page to change to portrait or landscape orientation, Word places the selected text on its own page, and the surrounding text on separate pages. \n2. On the Page Layout tab, in the Page Setup group, click Margins.\n3. Click Custom Margins. (This is the important part)\n4. On the Margins tab, click Portrait or Landscape.\n5. In the Apply to list, click Selected text..\nNOTE: Microsoft Word automatically inserts section breaks before and after the text that has the new page orientation. If your document is already divided into sections, you can click in a section (or select multiple sections), and then change the orientation for only the sections that you select.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "PHP is writing this error in the logs: \"Notice: Use of undefined constant\".\nError in logs:\n```PHP Notice: Use of undefined constant department - assumed 'department' (line 5)\nPHP Notice: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (line 6)\nPHP Notice: Use of undefined constant email - assumed 'email' (line 7)\nPHP Notice: Use of undefined constant message - assumed 'message' (line 8)\n```\nRelevant lines of code:\n```$department = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST[department]);\n$name = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST[name]);\n$email = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST[email]);\n$message = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST[message]);\n```\nWhat does it mean and why am I seeing it?", + "input": "", + "output": "The error message is due to the unfortunate fact that PHP will implicitly declare an unknown token as a constant string of the same name.\nThat is, it's trying to interpret this (note the missing quote marks): \n```$_POST[department]\n```\nThe only valid way this would be valid syntax in PHP is if there was previously a constant ```department``` defined. So sadly, rather than dying with a Fatal error at this point, it issues this Notice and acts as though a constant had been defined with the same name and value:\n```// Implicit declaration of constant called department with value 'department'\ndefine('department', 'department');\n```\nThere are various ways you can get this error message, but they all have the same root cause - a token that could be a constant.\nStrings missing quotes: ```$my_array[bad_key]```\nThis is what the problem is in your case, and it's because you've got string array keys that haven't been quoted. Fixing the string keys will fix the bug:\nChange:\n```$department = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST[department]);\n...(etc)...\n```\nTo:\n```$department = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['department']);\n...(etc)...\n```\nVariable missing dollar sign: ```var_without_dollar```\nAnother reason you might see this error message is if you leave off the ```$``` from a variable, or ```$this->``` from a member. Eg, either of the following would cause a similar error message:\n```my_local; // should be $my_local\nmy_member; // should be $this->my_member\n```\nInvalid character in variable name: ```$bad-variable-name```\nA similar but more subtle issue can result if you try to use a disallowed character in a variable name - a hyphen (```-```) instead of an underscore ```_``` would be a common case.\nFor example, this is OK, since underscores are allowed in variable names:\n```if (123 === $my_var) {\n do_something();\n}\n```\nBut this isn't:\n```if (123 === $my-var) {\n do_something();\n}\n```\nIt'll be interpreted the same as this:\n```if (123 === $my - var) { // variable $my minus constant 'var'\n do_something();\n}\n```\nReferring to a class constant without specifying the class scope\nIn order to refer to a class constant you need to specify the class scope with ```::```, if you miss this off PHP will think you're talking about a global ```define()```.\nEg:\n```class MyClass {\n const MY_CONST = 123;\n public function my_method() {\n return self::MY_CONST; // This is fine\n }\n public function my_method() {\n return MyClass::MY_CONST; // This is fine\n }\n public function my_bad_method() {\n return MY_CONST; // BUG - need to specify class scope\n }\n}\n```\nUsing a constant that's not defined in this version of PHP, or is defined in an extension that's not installed\nThere are some system-defined constants that only exist in newer versions of PHP, for example the mode option constants for ```round()``` such as ```PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN``` only exist in PHP 5.3 or later.\nSo if you tried to use this feature in PHP 5.2, say:\n```$rounded = round($my_var, 0, PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN);\n```\nYou'd get this error message:\n\n Use of undefined constant PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN - assumed\n 'PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN' Warning (2): Wrong parameter count for round()\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm from a very rural area and love to garden, however, for work I just moved into an apartment in the city. I miss being able to grow vegetables and so I attempted to start some leaf lettuce indoors, however, almost every plant died quickly. I'm just curious, does anyone have experience growing vegetables indoors? What are the best ones for this? What sort of planter do you use? Do they need to be directly next to a window? How often should they be watered? I'm not used to not having Mother Nature help me out with my plants Any tips that can be provided would be much appreciated, thanks!", + "input": "", + "output": "Indoor gardening is a bit more difficult then the regular outdoor gardening, there are several factors but in most cases it boils down to: Temperature, Humidity, Light, The air in your apartment. \n\nYou didn't mention exactly where your dying plants are being placed. Do you have a fan within the apartment? Plants need air whether it is natural or even if it is coming from a fan. What type of lighting is inside the apartment? Are you only using natural light? These are important factors to aide the growth of the plant as well. How is the temperature within the apartment? If you notice a lot of temp ups / downs in the area you are gardening than it is probably worth moving the garden or choosing another spot. With apartments that becomes all the more difficult.\n\nYour plant also probably came from some nice greenhouse, an english gardens, a ray weigands, etc etc...They have plenty of light, they also have plenty of means of water and the temperature well most of this is all outside, so they have the advantage of using mother nature. Your plant needs to adjust to these conditions. You should try to begin to place your plants in a very lit area with as much natural wind / fan as possible, these plants need to breath. If your plants are not conditioned for this type of environment you run the risk that they give up and die.\n\nWhen potting the plant ensure the actual pot is cleaned up to remove any unnecessary plant diseases from prior plants. Look on the bottom of the actual pot, are you getting drainage? If not drill a hole in the bottom of the pot if you can, if not toss that pot out and get you a pot that has a good amount of drainage. Overwatering plants will destroy them, and without nature (wind, temperature, etc) the water sitting there takes all the longer to dry out.\n\nWhen it comes to veggies Tomatoes need a ton of sunlight and humidity is great for them as well. Herbs are probably the simpliest to get going but I'm not sure if this is what you are after. Cucumbers and squash don't need as much sunlight as tomatoes.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What are the advantages of studying words by their frequency?", + "input": "", + "output": "The main advantage is that by learning higher frequency words, you get a greater \"bang for your buck\" - that is, if you know the most frequent words of the language, you'll be able to understand more of the words you encounter, and therefore you gain the greatest benefit by studying those frequent words first.\nAccording to Nation & Waring (1997), text coverage in the Brown corpus is as follows:\n\n* Most frequent 1000 words: 72.0%\n* Most frequent 2000 words: 79.7%\n* Most frequent 3000 words: 84.0%\n* Most frequent 4000 words: 86.8%.\n\nSo by learning the top 1000 words, you'll know 72% of the words in the average text you read. But after that, there are diminishing returns: the next 1000 words gives you another 7.7% of a typical text, and the next 1000 words allows you to understand just 4.3% more. After that, the returns on memorizing by frequency decrease even more, so learning from frequency lists becomes less useful.\nNote that text coverage (the percentage of words that you know in an average text) is important. We don't need to understand every single word in a text in order to understand the general meaning. Some research has investigated what percentage of words we do need to understand. Laufer and Sim (1985) suggested 65-70% should be understood as an absolute minimum for comprehension, but Laufer (1989) (as described in Hu and Nation (2000)) suggests 95% should be known for solid comprehension. Hu and Nation (2000) suggest that 98% of words should be known for unaided comprehension. \nAlthough learning high-frequency words is a good idea, especially when you first start learning a language, frequency is not the only consideration when choosing words to learn. Barker (2007) suggests that \"cost\" and \"benefit\" be the primary considerations when choosing words to learn; benefit is partially defined by frequency, but also on personal needs. \nSo it's good to learn the \"technical\" vocabulary of your major or field, and it's also useful to learn words related to your interest. It's also beneficial to learn words with a lower \"cost\" - words that are familiar, that you've encountered a lot recently, or that just seem easy.\nAlso, although memorizing words has benefits, it is best to combine this with real exposure to words, so that you learn them naturally in real contexts.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have heard many people saying, “Hah! I beat Stockfish,” and one saying, “I am the best chess player ever! I beat Stockfish.” So I wonder if it is possible, just to know whether I should try to beat it. I tried to play it once; I barely played 25 moves.", + "input": "", + "output": "The answer is that they either played it on some very handicapped mode, they took back A LOT of moves, or they are probably lying.\n\nStockfish 11 is currently rated about 3607, and that is in standard chess. Computer programs are typically even HARDER to beat for humans at even faster controls.\n\nThere is a reason elite humans have not played matches against computers for a long time: even the Carlsens of the world cannot beat them any more. According to the ELO winning expectancy calculator, there is currently a 745 point difference between Stockfish 11 and Carlsen, and per the chart, that gives the computer a 99.5439696% chance of winning.\n\nNote: The ratings used above are from different rating pools, and thus, are not truly directly comparable, but used as a rough estimate of what would happen between the computer and Carlsen.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to decrypt Jenkins passwords from credentials.xml?", + "input": "", + "output": "There is a `hudson.util.Secret.decrypt()` function which can be used for this, so:\n\n1. In Jenkins, go to: `/script` page.\n2. Run the following command:\n```println(hudson.util.Secret.decrypt(\"{XXX=}\"))\n```\nor\n```\nprintln(hudson.util.Secret.fromString(\"{XXX=}\").getPlainText())\n```\nwhere `{XXX=}` is your encrypted password. This will print the plain password.\n\nTo do the opposite, you can run:\n```\nprintln(hudson.util.Secret.fromString(\"some_text\").getEncryptedValue())\n```\n\nAlternatively check the following scripts: `tweksteen/jenkins-decrypt`, `menski/jenkins-decrypt.py`.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm pretty disappointed with my horse. He wasn't cheap -- 1000g -- but he just doesn't seem that fast. To make things worse, he's a bit of a wolf magnet and every time I get attacked I have to tediously dismount, blast the wolf, and then remount.\nIs the speed of a horse actually significantly faster than normal running speed? If so, how much faster?", + "input": "", + "output": "Don't forget that you can sprint with a horse. It might be that you know that you can sprint on your character, but not on your horse. Please note that your horse is also able to sprint using stamina. You can do this using the default Alt key.\n\nHorses are indeed faster, transportation was simplified.\nSince Oblivion, they took Acrobatics and Athletics skills away, thus you can't improve your speed in such way anymore that it would be faster than a horse. The speed improvements by not being Fatigued and not being overweight are not enough to be significant.\n\nAll horses in Skyrim have the same speed and hardiness, they are all draft types that resemble a Clydesdale, and all cost 1000 septims.\n— Wikia - Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim - Horse\n\nAll horses in Skyrim are the same, seems that they wanted to simplify the whole transportation idea.\n\nRestrictions apply on both your character and horse.\nWithout mods, a horse can't be used inside a city. If you do a lot of role-playing within cities having a horse might not be useful. At the same time, characters are limited in Skyrim as Raven Dreamer noted; while you can get over some mountains by jumping left and right trying to get over a rock, a horse will be more superior in performing this task as it is less restricted by physics. You can however be smart enough to choose your path right, rather than trying to work against the physics...", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Other than rust, corrosion, and other reactions with air that would make the use of a metal unfavorable, how do different metals affect the performance?\nLet's give Yagi an example:\nLet's say I use 4 different metals for the directors\n, reflector, and driven element.\nOne antenna made out of copper, one made out of aluminum, and one made out of a higher resistance conductor, let's say graphite (I know it would snap, I'm just talking theoretical), and iron \nOther then the metal variations, the antennas are identical.\nSo, do different metals with different conductivity and permiability affect the performance of an antenna including gain, efficiency, impedance, elevation, or any other characteristic other then mechanical strength, and chemical reliability in open air. ", + "input": "", + "output": "Considering just electrical properties, the most significant parameter for your selection of antenna conductor is resistance. You want to keep the resistance to a minimum, because when current flows through a resistance, the electrical power is converted to heat, according to Joule heating:\n$$ P = I^2 R $$\nAny energy you use to make heat is energy you aren't using to make electromagnetic waves.\nSo first, you should consider the resistivity ($\\rho$) of various metals. A lower resistivity means you will need less of a metal to reduce the resistance to an acceptable target. Here's a selection, ordered from lowest to highest resistivity in nano-ohm-meters (nΩm), of some metals you might consider using in an antenna:\n\n* Silver: 15.9\n* Copper: 16.8\n* Gold: 24.4\n* Aluminium: 26.2\n* Zinc: 59.0\n* Nickel: 69.9\n* Iron: 100\n* Tin: 109\n\nI'm not going to list stainless steel because there are so many kinds, but generally stainless steels are not great conductors, being over 100 on this scale.\nA high resistivity isn't bad in itself, because you can compensate by making the conductor thicker, and end up with the same resistance. Thus, you might think copper is the best choice (ruling out silver due to high cost), but when you start making mechanical and cost considerations, you may find aluminium is better. This is because for a sample of copper and another of aluminium of equal resistance, the aluminium sample will be bigger, but stiffer, lighter, and cheaper. \nThere's another effect to consider here: with increasing frequency, currents like to flow on the surfaces of conductors. This is called the skin effect. The current flowing only on the skin of a conductor effectively reduces the cross-sectional area, and thus the conductance.\nSince most of the RF current is only on the surface, it often makes sense to build antennas from tubing for antennas requiring rigid elements (a 440 MHz Yagi), or copper-clad steel for wire antennas requiring tensile strength (a 40 meter dipole). This saves weight and cost for a negligible increase in loss.\nMagnetic permeability is a factor in skin depth. With increasing permeability, the skin depth decreases, increasing loss. Of the metals listed above, only iron and nickel have significantly higher permeability. Iron by a factor of about 5000, and nickel by 100 to 600. You could compensate for the reduced skin depth by increasing the surface area of the conductor, but when you consider cost and mechanics, it usually makes more sense to simply avoid iron and nickel and alloys containing them.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Windows in its earliest days was simply a shell that ran on top of MS-DOS, which means that Windows 3.1 itself was actually just a standard MS-DOS application like any other.\nYet, MS-DOS is not a multitasking operating system, and at the same time, Windows applications were compiled native-code binaries that ran without any form of managed environment. So, how exactly was multitasking of Windows binaries achieved if Windows 3.1 was simply a regular old MS-DOS program itself? Are there any old technical documents still floating around that describe the early Windows architecture internally?", + "input": "", + "output": "For Win16 programs, Windows implemented co-operative multitasking. Its implementation was based upon the "message loop" architecture of every Windows program.\n\nThe duty of every program was to endlessly run in a loop in which a call to the ```GetMessage``` function was performed. This function call looks whether a message to this process is in the queue. If there is one, it is retrieved (```GetMessage```), optionally translated (```TranslateMessage```, done to convert keyboard shortcuts into menu actions) and finally, passed to the window procedure (```DispatchMessage```).\n\nIf there is no message available in the queue, Windows suspends the current task and gives the CPU to another task. This task will try to retrieve a message from its queue as well, yielding the CPU to another task if no message is present and so on.\n\nIf a program needed to perform background tasks while there were no pending messages in its queue, it would call ```PeekMessage``` instead of ```GetMessage```. This didn't make the task relinquish the CPU, as ```PeekMessage``` would immediately return to the caller task to inform it whether a message is available or not. This was used to time-multiplex message processing with another time-consuming task (think of a 3D program rendering but letting the user cancel that render by pressing a "Cancel" button).\n\nIf this time-consuming task was actually very time-consuming, a well-behaved program should call the ```Yield``` function from time to time, to relinquish the CPU and let other tasks run. A badly-behaved program could easily hog the CPU by not retrieving messages too often or by spending too much time in a window procedure function.\n\nThe situation was quite different for MS-DOS boxes. They ran using the V8086 mode of the 80386 (if Windows was running in enhanced mode). Windows-aware programs ran in the so-called System VM (Virtual Machine 1). DOS boxes ran from VM 2 upwards. DOS programs usually were badly-behaved programs, so Windows assigned each DOS box a different virtual machine. Virtual machines used pre-emptive multitasking in Windows 3.1, so each DOS box could run concurrently to others and to any Windows-aware program.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm working on 2 different branches: release and development. \nI noticed I still need to integrate some changes that were committed to the release branch back into the development branch. \nThe problem is I don't need all of the commit, only some hunks in certain files, so a simple \n```git cherry-pick bc66559\n```\ndoes not do the trick. \nWhen I do a\n```git show bc66559\n```\nI can see the diff but don't really know a good way of applying that partially to my current working tree. ", + "input": "", + "output": "The core thing you're going to want here is ```git add -p``` (```-p``` is a synonym for ```--patch```). This provides an interactive way to add in content, letting you decide whether each hunk should go in or not, and even letting you manually edit the patch if necessary.\nTo use it in combination with cherry-pick:\n```git cherry-pick -n # get your patch, but don't commit (-n = --no-commit)\ngit reset # unstage the changes from the cherry-picked commit\ngit add -p # make all your choices (add the changes you do want)\ngit commit # make the commit!\n```\n``git-cherry-pick``` has a ```--no-commit``` option, and you need to do ```git reset```. If you only want to leave a few things out of the commit, you could use ```git reset ...``` to unstage just those files.)\nYou can provide specific paths to ```add -p``` if necessary. If you're starting with a patch you could replace the ```cherry-pick``` with ```apply```.\n\nIf you really want to ```git cherry-pick -p ``` (that option does not exist), you can use\n```git checkout -p \n```\nThat will diff the current commit against the commit you specify, and allow you to apply hunks from that diff individually. This option may be more useful if the commit you're pulling in has merge conflicts in part of the commit you're not interested in. (Note, however, that ```checkout``` differs from ```cherry-pick```: ```checkout``` tries to apply ``````'s contents entirely, while ```cherry-pick``` applies the diff of the specified commit from it's parent. This means that ```checkout``` can apply more than just that commit, which might be more than you want.)", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In Civilization V, you attain a cultural victory by accumulating enough culture to purchase at least 36 social policies, and then building a wonder. The catch is that the more cities you build, the more culture you need to generate before you hit the next \"plateau\" of culture.\nWhat is the ideal number of cities for a cultural victory? Does it change over time? ", + "input": "", + "output": "The question you're really asking is "When does the combined culture / turn of an additional city outstrip the increase in social policy cost incurred by founding that city?"\nThe short answer is...\nWe know that adding another city increases the culture costs by approximately 30% of the base cost (that of 1 city). Therefore:\nIf your maximum potential culture / turn won't increase by at least 30% due to the new city, you are hurting, not helping, the time till your next social policy.\n(This may be slightly hard to calculate, and if you take too long to reach your "maximum potential culture / turn" you're actually wasting turns.)\nThe long answer is...\nIt depends\nTo begin with, we need to make some assumptions:\n\n* When you found a new city, you can get its culture / turn maximized within a single turn by buying the necessary building improvements (monument, etc).\n\n* Ignore city-states, leader specific abilities, +culture social policies, and wonders. These all help produce culture, and will shift the "ideal city count" down, but do so inconsistently. To produce an "ideal" city count, we limit ourselves by era and improvements alone.\n\n* This list of social policy costs is accurate for the given parameters: medium map and normal speed.\n\nAnd now, some math.\nThe 1st social policy costs 25 points with a single city. In the ancient era, your cities can generate 2 culture / turn due to the monument. (Remember, we're ignoring the palace for now)\nThis means that it will take 13 turns (Ceiling(25/2) to enact the policy, or 9 turns (ceiling (45/4) with two cities. We can continue this extrapolation -- 8 turns with 3 cities, 7 turns with 4 cities, 6 turns with 5 cities, and we finally reach diminishing returns at city 6 (also 6 turns).\nFor the second social policy, the ramifications of the # of cities gets magnified due to a larger starting value: One city takes 23 turns, two cities take 15 turns, three cities take 13 turns, four cities take 12, five cities take 10, and again, we run into diminishing returns cap out at at six cities (10 turns).\nIt is not until the 4th social policy that this trend is broken and diminishing returns end at the NINTH! city.\nRemember -- this assumes that each city has a monument the minute it is founded.\nNow let's say we've reached the classical age, and have temples in addition to monuments. Each city is now generating 5 culture.\nThe first policy takes 5 turns with a single city, 4 turns with two, and 3 with three.\nWhat (hopefully) becomes clear is that we reached diminishing returns (4 cities as opposed to 6 cities) much faster when each individual city's contribution is higher. The more culture any one city is capable of producing, the more incentive there is to produce more cities. Even if you don't manage to build every +culture improvement immediately, you're still likely to come out ahead (as long as you're pre-diminishing returns).\nSo while the optimal number of cities changes due to any number of factors, you can probably safely not shoot yourself in the foot if you stay between three and six cities, with six being on the high end.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to find if a customer is logged in or not in Magento 2.\nIf the customer is logged in then how to get customer data from a session?", + "input": "", + "output": "It is possible via ```Magento\\Framework\\App\\Http\\Context``` or via ```Magento\\Customer\\Model\\Session```. However, the result may be different:\n\n* HTTP context is initialized earlier than the customer session (but it does not matter since both are initialized in action controllers)\n* When the ```PageCache``` module is on (probably always on production), keep in mind that as soon as layout generation started, the customer session will be cleared by ```\\Magento\\PageCache\\Model\\Layout\\DepersonalizePlugin::afterGenerateXml``` on all cacheable pages. It means that if you now check if the customer is logged in via the HTTP context, it will still say 'yes, but customer data will not be available in customer sessions anymore. So double-check is necessary before trying to access data in customer sessions. This can easily happen in the block, while is unlikely in action controller since you are not expected to generate layout manually there, it will be generated after-action controller returns an instance of ```ResultInterface```\n\nTo eliminate any risk of described inconsistencies when PageCache is on, consider using customer session if it is already initialized (true for action controllers). Else use the HTTP context.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have a 9 year old daughter that has expressed some interest in manga, but I'm having trouble locating series that are appropriate for her age. No one at our local bookstore could offer any advice. Is there a kid-friendly imprint or other resource I could use to help her find something appropriate? My preference is for physical books but I'm willing to explore digital options.", + "input": "", + "output": "The content deemed acceptable for Japanese children generally differs from the concept in other countries; manga contains all genres of stories, so one cannot responsibly presume that just because a title was marketed at Japanese kids, that you would likewise consider it appropriate for your kid of the same age.\n\nAs one example:\nThe popular girl's series Sailor Moon was published in the manga magazine Nakayoshi, which was marketed toward elementary school-age girls (1st through 6th grade). This series includes strong language, bullying, violence, death, war, genocide, refugees, lovers' suicide (more than once), non-consensual kisses (forced while awake, while asleep, while drunk), a father fondling his adult daughter while brainwashed, human/animal romance, demonic-style alien possession of human bodies, nudity, cross-dressing, a non-monogamous lesbian couple, and non-graphic sex resulting in teen pregnancy (the 90s anime version, also marketed toward children, also added wrist/ankle restraints for a rape-like, pain-inducing entering of victims).\n\nThere are many manga reviews on the web, including those that specifically for parents and teen/preteen/kid readers on what sort of possibly objectionable content is included in the title (such as strong language, violence, nudity, gender-bending, innuendo, sexual content, etc.) and what sort of general content you can expect (for example: horror, potty humor, serious themes like depression/body image/sexual orientation/prostitution/parental abandonment/bullying/suicide) and let you as the parent or the reader use your own judgment about whether a title fits what you deem appropriate at what age. Browsing reviews also allows you to seek out titles that reinforce and contribute to your family's values (such as traits of selflessness, generosity, celebration of uniqueness, etc.).\n\nSome good starting places are:\n\n* A Parent's Guide to Anime\n* Good Manga for Kids at Manga Bookshelf\n* Good Comics for Kids at School Library Journal\n* Kids Manga at No Flying No Tights\n\nSince you have a daughter, she may be especially interested in shoujo manga, which was written with the target audience of Japanese girls. Within shoujo, nearly all genres of stories are included; some titles are very cheerful and innocuous and teach a moral-of-the-day, others are dark and heavy. Good starting places to get informed are:\n\n* What is Shoujo Manga?, What Shoujo Manga Are and Are Not, and Recommended Shoujo Manga by Matt Thorn, a professor in the Faculty of Manga at Kyoto Seika University (one of the world's experts on shoujo manga)\n* What is Shoujo? at Energetic Heartbeats\n\nSome shoujo manga review sites are:\n\n* The Classics at Shoujo Corner\n* Emily's Random Shoujo Manga Page (despite its unassuming name, contains many detailed reviews)\n* Heart of Manga\n* Shoujo Savvy\n* Shoujo Manga Recommendations\n* Romance Manga Reviews\n* Shoujo Manga Reviews\n* Shoujo Manga with Anime at Anime Manga Reviews\n\nMore general review websites include MangaBlog and Kuriousity, and a Google search will find you many more.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm looking for a precise piece of information in a database which I have no knowledge about. The database is on a separate machine, but I can log into it, and launch a ```psql``` command line, with administrator rights.\nIt's a third-party product, and they are slow to answer questions. I know the data is inside that database, so I want to do a little bit of reverse-engineering.\nGiven a table name, is it possible to get a list of the names of the columns in that table?\nFor example, in SQL Server, it's possible to dump a table into a reusable ```CREATE``` statement, which textually lists all the columns the table is composed of.", + "input": "", + "output": "The information schema is the slow and sure way: it is standardized and largely portable to other databases that support it. And it will keep working across major versions.\nHowever, views in the information schema often join many tables from the system catalogs to meet a strictly standardized format - many of which are just dead freight most of the time. This makes them slow.\nThe Postgres developers aren't making promises, but basics (like what is needed here) aren't going to change across major versions.\nMore detailed assessment:\n\n* Query to output names and data types of a query, table or view\n\n```psql``` (the native command-line interface) takes the fast lane, of course, and queries the source directly. If you start ```psql``` with the parameter ```-E```, the SQL behind backslash commands like ```\\d``` is displayed. Or ```\\set ECHO_HIDDEN on``` from the psql command line. Starting from there you can build an answer to your question.\n\nGiven one table, is it possible to have a list of the names of the columns for this table.\n\n```SELECT attrelid::regclass AS tbl\n , attname AS col\n , atttypid::regtype AS datatype\n -- more attributes?\nFROM pg_attribute\nWHERE attrelid = 'myschema.mytable'::regclass -- table name optionally schema-qualified\nAND attnum > 0\nAND NOT attisdropped\nORDER BY attnum;\n```\nFaster than querying ```information_schema.columns```. Try ```EXPLAIN ANALYZE``` to see for yourself. Still hardly matters for a one-time look-up. But might make a difference if used in a query / function that's repeated many times.\nThere are also subtle differences in visibility. The following artical has detailed comparison:\n\n* How to check if a table exists in a given schema\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am using Visual Studio Code and have a fairly common project structure:\n```├── client/\n│ ├── tsconfig.json\n├── shared/\n├── server/\n│ ├── tsconfig.json\n├── project.json\n```\nThe two tsconfig files have different settings (e.g. the one under ```client/``` targets ES5, the one under ```server/``` targets ES6). Note that there is no tsconfig in the root directory.\nThe problem is that I want the shared directory to be included in both projects. I can't do this using tsconfig because the ```exclude``` option won't let me include a folder that is in a higher directory than the tsconfig.json, and using ```files``` I have to constantly keep the list of files up to date as it doesn't support globs.\nNote that I can compile fine by adding the shared folder into tsc, what I want is for the Visual Studio Code IDE to recognise the shared code for intellisense etc.\nIs the only option to wait for filesGlob?", + "input": "", + "output": "These days it is much easier as vscode has better support for this.\nYou can use this directory structure so all the code is independent:\n```├── frontend/\n│ ├── src/\n│ │ ├── \n│ ├── package.json\n│ ├── tsconfig.json\n├── shared/\n│ ├── package.json\n├── backend/\n│ ├── src/\n│ │ ├── \n│ ├── package.json\n│ ├── tsconfig.json\n```\nThen in both the backend and frontend ```tsconfig.json```:\n```{\n "compilerOptions": {\n "paths": {\n "~shared/*": ["../shared/*"]\n },\n "rootDirs": [\n "./src",\n "../shared"\n ]\n }\n}\n```\nTo allow access to the shared code e.g.:\n```import { Foo } from '~shared/foo';\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have the following method to save an Object to a file:\n```// Save an object out to the disk\npublic static void SerializeObject(this T toSerialize, String filename)\n{\n XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(toSerialize.GetType());\n TextWriter textWriter = new StreamWriter(filename);\n xmlSerializer.Serialize(textWriter, toSerialize);\n textWriter.Close();\n}\n```\nI confess I did not write it (I only converted it to a extension method that took a type parameter).\nNow I need it to give the xml back to me as a string (rather than save it to a file). ", + "input": "", + "output": "Use a `StringWriter` instead of a `StreamWriter`:\n\n```\npublic static string SerializeObject(this T toSerialize)\n{\n XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(toSerialize.GetType());\n\n using(StringWriter textWriter = new StringWriter())\n {\n xmlSerializer.Serialize(textWriter, toSerialize);\n return textWriter.ToString();\n }\n}\n```\n\nNote, it is important to use `toSerialize.GetType()` instead of `typeof(T)` in XmlSerializer constructor: if you use the first one the code covers all possible subclasses of `T` (which are valid for the method), while using the latter one will fail when passing a type derived from `T`. There is some example code on Ideone that motivates this statement, with XmlSerializer throwing an `Exception` when `typeof(T)` is used, because you pass an instance of a derived type to a method that calls SerializeObject that is defined in the derived type's base class.\n\nAlso, Ideone uses Mono to execute code; the actual `Exception` you would get using the Microsoft .NET runtime has a different `Message` than the one shown on Ideone, but it fails just the same.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have a problem with the embedded bitcode term.\nWhat is embedded bitcode?\nWhen to enable, ```ENABLE_BITCODE``` in new Xcode?\nWhat happens to the binary when enabled, ```ENABLE_BITCODE``` in Xcode 7? ", + "input": "", + "output": "> What is embedded bitcode?\nAccording to docs:\n\n> Bitcode is an intermediate representation of a compiled program. Apps you upload to iTunes Connect that contain bitcode will be compiled and linked on the App Store. Including bitcode will allow Apple to re-optimize your app binary in the future without the need to submit a new version of your app to the store.\n\nThis phrase in \"New Features in Xcode 7\" made me to think for a long time that Bitcode is needed for Slicing to reduce app size: \n\n When you archive for submission to the App Store, Xcode will compile your app into an intermediate representation. The App Store will then compile the bitcode down into the 64 or 32 bit executables as necessary.\n\nHowever that's not true, Bitcode and Slicing work independently: Slicing is about reducing app size and generating app bundle variants, and Bitcode is about certain binary optimizations. I've verified this by checking included architectures in executables of non-bitcode apps and founding that they only include necessary ones.\nBitcode allows other App Thinning component called Slicing to generate app bundle variants with particular executables for particular architectures, e.g. iPhone 5S variant will include only arm64 executable, iPad Mini armv7 and so on.\n\n> When to enable ENABLE_BITCODE in new Xcode?\n\n For iOS apps, bitcode is the default, but optional. If you provide bitcode, all apps and frameworks in the app bundle need to include bitcode. For watchOS and tvOS apps, bitcode is required.\n\n> What happens to the binary when ENABLE_BITCODE is enabled in the new Xcode?\nFrom Xcode 7 reference: \n\n> Activating this setting indicates that the target or project should generate bitcode during compilation for platforms and architectures which support it. For Archive builds, bitcode will be generated in the linked binary for submission to the app store. For other builds, the compiler and linker will check whether the code complies with the requirements for bitcode generation, but will not generate actual bitcode. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In Dupire's local volatility model, the volatility is is a deterministic function of the underlying price and time, chosen to match observed European option prices.\nTo be more specific, given a smooth surface $(K,T)\\mapsto C(K,T)$ where K is the strike and T is time to maturity. Dupire equation implies that there exits an unique continuous function $\\sigma_{loc}$ defined by\n$$\\sigma_{loc}^{2}(K,T)=\\frac{\\partial_{T}C(K,T)+rK\\partial_{K}C(K,T)}{\\frac{1}{2}K^{2}\\partial_{KK}C(K,T)}$$ for all $(K,T)\\in(0,\\infty)\\times(0,\\infty)$ such that the solution to the stochastic differential equation $dS_{t}/S_{t}=rdt+\\sigma(t,S_{t})dW_{t}$ exactly generates the European call option prices.\nWhat do the dynamics of the local volatility mean? Are dynamics equivalent to the volatility surface? Why the dynamics of local volatility model is highly unrealistic?", + "input": "", + "output": "A general model (with continuous paths) can be written\n$$\n \\frac{dS_t}{S_t} = r_t dt + \\sigma_t dW_t^S\n$$\nwhere the short rate $r_t$ and spot volatility $\\sigma_t$ are stochastic processes. \nIn the Black-Scholes model both $r$ and $\\sigma$ are deterministic functions of time (even constant in the original model). This produces a flat smile for any expiry $T$. And we have the closed form formula for option prices\n$$\n C(t,S;T,K) = BS(S,T-t,K;\\Sigma(T,K))\n$$\nwhere $BS$ is the BS formula and $\\Sigma(T,K) = \\sqrt{\\frac{1}{T-t}\\int_t^T \\sigma(s)^2 ds}$. This is not consistent with the smile observed on the market. In order to match market prices, one needs to use a different volatility for each expiry and strike. This is the implied volatility surface $(T,K) \\mapsto \\Sigma(T,K)$. \nIn the local volatility model, rates are deterministic, instant volatility is stochastic but there is only one source of randomness\n$$\n \\frac{dS_t}{S_t} = r(t) dt + \\sigma_{Dup}(t,S_t) dW_t^S\n$$\nthis is a special case of the general model with\n$$\n d\\sigma_t = (\\partial_t \\sigma_{Dup}(t,S_t) + r(t)S_t\\partial_S\\sigma_{Dup}(t,S_t) + \\frac{1}{2}S_t^2\\partial_S^2\\sigma_{Dup}(t,S_t)) dt + \\frac{1}{2}S_t\\partial_S\\sigma_{Dup}(t,S_t)^2 dW_t^S\n$$\nWhat is appealing with this model is that the function $\\sigma_{Dup}$ can be perfectly calibrated to match all market vanilla prices (and quite easily too). \nThe problem is that while correlated to the spot, statistical study show that the volatility also has its own source of randomness independent of that of the spot. Mathematically, this means the instant correlation between the spot and vol is not 1 contrary to what happens in the local volatility model. \nThis can be seen in several ways:\n\n1. The forward smile. Forward implied volatility is implied from prices of forward start options: ignoring interest rates,\n$$\n C(t,S;T\\to T+\\theta,K) := E^Q[(\\frac{S_{T+\\theta}}{S_{T}}-K)_+] =: C_{BS}(S=1,\\theta,K;\\Sigma(t,S;T\\to T+\\theta,K))\n$$\nAlternatively, it is sometimes defined as the expectation of implied volatility at a forward date. In a LV model, as the maturity $T$ increases but $\\theta$ is kept constant, the forward smile gets flatter and higher. This is not what we observe in the markets where the forward smile tends to be similar to the current smile.\n\nThis is because the initial smile you calibrate the model too has decreasing skew:\n$$\n\\partial_K \\Sigma(0,S;T,K) \\xrightarrow[T\\to +\\infty]{} 0\n$$ \n\n2. Smile rolling. In a LV model, smile tends to move in the opposite direction of the spot and get higher independently of the direction of the spot.\nThis is not consistent with what is observed on markets. See Hagan and al. Managing Smile Risk for the derivation. This means that\n$\\partial_S \\Sigma_{LV}(t,S;T,K)$ often has the wrong sign so your Delta will be wrong which can lead to a higher hedging error than using BS. \n3. Barrier options. In FX markets, barrier options like Double No Touch are liquid but a LV model calibrated to vanilla prices does not reproduce these prices. This is a consequence of the previous point. \n\nThe LV model is a static model. Its whole dynamic comes from the volatility surface at time 0. But the vol surface has a dynamic that is richer than that.\nThere are alternatives using multiple factors like SV models, LSV models (parametric local vol like SABR or fully non parametric local vol), models of the joint dynamic of the spot and vol surface etc... but the LV model remains the default model in many cases due to its simplicity, its ability to calibrate the initial smile perfectly and its numerical efficiency. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you explain why we need a large number of trees in random forest when the number of predictors is large? How can we determine the optimal number of trees?", + "input": "", + "output": "Random forest uses bagging (picking a sample of observations rather than all of them) and random subspace method (picking a sample of features rather than all of them, in other words - attribute bagging) to grow a tree. If the number of observations is large, but the number of trees is too small, then some observations will be predicted only once or even not at all. If the number of predictors is large but the number of trees is too small, then some features can (theoretically) be missed in all subspaces used. Both cases results in the decrease of random forest predictive power. But the last is a rather extreme case, since the selection of subspace is performed at each node.\n\nDuring classification the subspace dimensionality is $\\sqrt{p}$ (rather small, $p$ is the total number of predictors) by default, but a tree contains many nodes. During regression the subspace dimensionality is $p/3$ (large enough) by default, though a tree contains fewer nodes. So the optimal number of trees in a random forest depends on the number of predictors only in extreme cases. \n\nThe official page of the algorithm states that random forest does not overfit, and you can use as much trees as you want. But Mark R. Segal (April 14 2004. \"Machine Learning Benchmarks and Random Forest Regression.\" Center for Bioinformatics & Molecular Biostatistics) has found that it overfits for some noisy datasets. So to obtain optimal number you can try training random forest at a grid of ```ntree``` parameter (simple, but more CPU-consuming) or build one random forest with many trees with ```keep.inbag```, calculate out-of-bag (OOB) error rates for first $n$ trees (where $n$ changes from $1$ to ```ntree```) and plot OOB error rate vs. number of trees (more complex, but less CPU-consuming).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I believe artificial intelligence (AI) term is overused nowadays. For example, people see that something is self-moving and they call it AI, even if it's on autopilot (like cars or planes) or there is some simple algorithm behind it.\nWhat are the minimum general requirements so that we can say something is AI?", + "input": "", + "output": "It's true that the term has become a buzzword, and is now widely used to a point of confusion - however if you look at the definition provided by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, they write it as follows:\n\n> We define AI as the study of agents that receive percepts from the environment and perform actions. Each such agent implements a function that maps percept sequences to actions, and we cover different ways to represent these functions, such as reactive agents, real-time planners, and decision-theoretic systems. We explain the role of learning as extending the reach of the designer into unknown environments, and we show how that role constrains agent design, favoring explicit knowledge representation and reasoning.\n\nArtificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach - Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig\n\nSo the example you cite, \"autopilot for cars/planes\", is actually a (famous) form of AI as it has to use a form of knowledge representation to deal with unknown environments and circumstances. Ultimately, these systems also collect data so that the knowledge representation can be updated to deal with the new inputs that they have found. They do this with autopilot for cars all the time\n\nTo answer your question, for something to be considered as \"having AI\", it needs to be able to deal with unknown environments/circumstances in order to achieve its objective/goal, and render knowledge in a manner that provides for new learning/information to be added easily. There are many different types of well defined knowledge representation methods, ranging from the popular neural net, through to probabilistic models like bayesian networks (belief networks) - but fundamentally actions by the system must be derived from whichever representation of knowledge you choose for it to be considered as AI.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have some questions regarding the usage and significance of the ```synchronized``` keyword. \n\n* What is the significance of the ```synchronized``` keyword?\n* When should methods be ```synchronized```?\n* What does it mean programmatically and logically?", + "input": "", + "output": "The ```synchronized``` keyword is all about different threads reading and writing to the same variables, objects and resources. This is not a trivial topic in Java, but here is a quote from Sun:\n\n> ```synchronized``` methods enable a simple strategy for preventing thread interference and memory consistency errors: if an object is visible to more than one thread, all reads or writes to that object's variables are done through synchronized methods.\n\nIn a very, very small nutshell: When you have two threads that are reading and writing to the same 'resource', say a variable named ```foo```, you need to ensure that these threads access the variable in an atomic way. Without the ```synchronized``` keyword, your thread 1 may not see the change thread 2 made to ```foo```, or worse, it may only be half changed. This would not be what you logically expect.\n\nAgain, this is a non-trivial topic in Java. To learn more, explore topics about:\n\n* Concurrency\n* Java Memory Model\n\nKeep exploring these topics until the name \"Brian Goetz\" becomes permanently associated with the term \"concurrency\" in your brain. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am using the ```$http``` service of AngularJS to make an Ajax request. \nHow can a spinner GIF (or another type of busy indicator) be shown while the Ajax request is executing?", + "input": "", + "output": "This really depends on your specific use case, but a simple way would follow a pattern like this:\n\n```\n.controller('MainCtrl', function ( $scope, myService ) {\n $scope.loading = true;\n myService.get().then( function ( response ) {\n $scope.items = response.data;\n }, function ( response ) {\n // TODO: handle the error somehow\n }).finally(function() {\n // called no matter success or failure\n $scope.loading = false;\n });\n});\n```\n\nAnd then react to it in your template:\n```\n
\n
{{item.name}}
\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Let's say that we have a gaseous or liquidus compound (I don't know if elements or compounds make a difference, take this as a thought experiment), and we have a tungsten or steel block that's 5cm (or less, you choose) thick. Is there any physical method for that gas or liquid to pass through that thick heavy metal block (not by drilling etc.)?", + "input": "", + "output": "Yes, some gases can diffuse into and through metal. It is the bane of the high-vacuum engineer's life. Hydrogen is the worst because it tends to dissociate into atoms at the surface and the nucleus, a single proton, can then leave its electron behind and wander through the metal lattice until it picks up another electron when it leaves.\n\nFor example Mu-metal, favoured for some applications, typically has to be annealed in hydrogen at high temperature. Once that is over, it can take weeks or months for the residual hydrogen to diffuse out of the metal before a high enough vacuum can be achieved and the work proceed.\n\nA "virtual leak" occurs where a small bubble of gas is embedded in the material inside a vacuum chamber. The leak usually happens because a tiny hole exists for the gas to diffuse out through, but sometimes the "hole" is no more than an ultra-thin skin of metal (invisible to the frustrated technician) and the gas diffuses through it. These little horrors can keep going for months or even years and generally mean replacing suspected parts and pumping down over and over again until the dodgy one is finally stumbled on.\n\nHelium is both monatomic and the physically smallest atom. It can diffuse more easily than any other neutral atom or molecule, making certain metal foils unsuitable as say gas-tight liners for airships. As noted in another answer, in quantity it can also affect the bulk properties of the metal.\n\nOn a more energetic scale, hydrogen and helium nuclei (protons and alpha particles) can pass through thin metal foils if fired with sufficient energy, and this has been used to establish the crystalline structures of some metals and alloys (where, for whatever reason, electrons were unsuitable).\n\nOther gases have much larger atoms (neon and other noble gases) or molecules (nitrogen and other diatomic molecules, water and other hydrides), but they can still diffuse extremely slowly through some metals. This can limit the lifetime of some microchips. A related phenomenon occurs where there is a defect in the lattice at the surface, such as a grain boundary, and a gas atom attaches to it. Defects are sometimes quite mobile and can migrate through the lattice; the gas atom will stabilise the defect and may be able to hitch a ride.\n\nQuantum processes such as tunnelling are not really relevant, as they work over distances smaller than the atomic wavelength, which in turn is typically far smaller than the thickness of any metal atom or foil. The probability of a gas atom tunnelling across is so infinitesimal as to be effectively zero.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Once, I boarded a plane, went to my designated seat and tried to put my bag in the overhead bin. However, it was full, and other adjacent overhead bins were full too. Because I had a seat next to the emergency exit, which I paid for, I had to hand over my bag to someone else in order to take off. \nDo I have any rights over the overhead bin above my seat?\nCould I ask the flight attendant to remove some of the bags to make room for me?\nI cannot imagine that the bins were full because there was not enough space. I think this happened because some people were ignorant enough to bring more bags than is allowed inside the airplane instead of sending them to cargo. If this is the case why doesn't the airline enforce the bag limit inside the airplane?", + "input": "", + "output": "You have no right to the bin above your seat. For those exit rows where you cannot put anything beneath the seat in front of you, flight attendants will generally try to help find some space somewhere for at least your small personal item, but any passenger may be required to check their bags rather than put them in the overhead bin.\nIt is entirely possible that the airline didn't enforce the bag limit, but the overhead bins can easily fill up even when the limit is strictly enforced. If every passenger, or even most passengers, brings a regulation sized carry-on on a full flight, it is obvious that many of the bags will not fit in the bins and will have to be checked.\nIn some cases, overhead bins may be marked as reserved for first class or premium economy passengers (or safety equipment, or pillows and blankets). Even in such cases, cabin crew may fill these bins with other bags in an attempt to accommodate as many passengers as possible, and a late-boarding passenger may be caught out with no space.\nIt is hard to imagine that they are likely to remove and check someone's bag so you may have that space. Overhead bin space is typically first-come first served, and at some point, they will declare the bins full and start checking bags (sometimes even before the bins are actually full). Note that if your bag must be checked, you should ensure you remove any essential items (medication, passports, keys, etc...) and any valuables, along with any hazardous material that cannot be checked, namely spare (uninstalled) lithium batteries including external power packs. \nBoarding as early as possible (which, on some airlines, could require frequent flyer status or paying an extra fee) will help secure you overhead bin space.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "The Canon EF 40mm f/2.8 has a designation of STM on the lens. What does this mean? What are the advantages of having it and does it replace an older technology?\n", + "input": "", + "output": "STM stands for Stepper Motor and is a applied to a new range of Canon lenses which feature a new design of focus motors which, along with a new iris mechanism are designed to eliminate (auditory) noise during video recording. \nCanon haven't revealed any information about how the new design works but it's probably the same type of motor used in mirrorless camera lenses. It's a more precise version of a regular DC motor but still has the same direct connection to the lens focus group, which means manual focus has to be implemented using a focus-by-wire arrangement whereby moving the focus ring by hand sends a signal to the motor to move the focus group. \nIn comparison an ultrasonic motor (like Canon's USM) consists of a pair of concentric rings which vibrate at high frequency to rotate back and forth, an arrangement which permits the user to move the focus ring to directly move the lens element, achieving full time manual focus without damaging the motor.\nStepper motors are better at producing smooth, precise incremental movements, such as those required by contrast detect AF, and AF during video. Ultrasonic motors are better at jumping to the right focus point as part of a phase detection system.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm trying to set get id of all elements in an ```HTMLCollectionOf```. I wrote the following code:\n```var list = document.getElementsByClassName(\"events\");\nconsole.log(list[0].id);\nfor (key in list) {\n console.log(key.id);\n}\n```\nBut I got the following output in console:\n```event1\nundefined\n```\nwhich is not what I expected. Why is the second console output ```undefined``` but the first console output is ```event1```?", + "input": "", + "output": "You can't use ```for```/```in``` on ```NodeList```s or ```HTMLCollection```s. However, you can use some ```Array.prototype``` methods, as long as you ```.call()``` them and pass in the ```NodeList``` or ```HTMLCollection``` as ```this```.\nSo consider the following as an alternative to jfriend00's ```for``` loop:\n```var list= document.getElementsByClassName(\"events\");\n[].forEach.call(list, function(el) {\n console.log(el.id);\n});\n```\nThere's a good article on MDN that covers this technique. Note their warning about browser compatibility though:\n\n [...] passing a host object (like a ```NodeList```) as\n ```this``` to a native method (such as ```forEach```) is not guaranteed to work in\n all browsers and is known to fail in some.\n\nSo while this approach is convenient, a ```for``` loop may be the most browser-compatible solution.\nUpdate (Aug 30, 2014): Eventually you'll be able to use ES6 ```for```/```of```!\n```var list = document.getElementsByClassName(\"events\");\nfor (const el of list)\n console.log(el.id);\n```\nIt's already supported in recent versions of Chrome and Firefox.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am 21 years old and living in a large city in Germany where smalltalk in local markets is not a common thing.\nA new cashier joined my local food shop. She’s always at the checkout and never doing stuff like sorting products or cleaning the floor where I could actually ask her out. I am quite new to relationships, but the signs she gave me are promising.\nMy question is how I can ask for her number, or ask her out for coffee while she is only sitting at the checkout? I mean there are always like 5 people before and after me, and I think it would be awkward if we are changing numbers while customers are waiting behind us. Or even worse if I read the signs wrong and she rejects me? Since the store is just 5 min away from my place I visit regularly and don't want to leave a bad impression there.", + "input": "", + "output": "Asking her out directly seems like a bad idea.\nInstead, in these situations, I've found something that works much better for both of you. During your conversation with her, mention some place you're planning to be in the future so she can find you there if she chooses.\nFor example: "I like to grab lunch here before going to [Public Event You Enjoy]"\nThis could be almost anything, but here are some examples:\n\n* A place your band plays\n* A public dance\n* A painting/pottery class\n* A wine tasting\n\nThis should be something you actually enjoy, so be sure to let your excitement about your hobby be apparent when you mention it. Ex: "I enjoy that they let you try lots of different wines from all around the world!"\nIf she expresses interest in the activity as well, tell her more about it so she can attend: "Yeah, it's really fun. They do it every Tuesday and Thursday at 7pm - the admission fee is 5 Euro. You should check it out sometime!"\nIf she is interested in you and has time, she will probably arrange to come to the event some time and you will see her there. This is preferable because she is not under obligation to behave professionally for her work and you can spend some time chatting as equals.\nAnd if that goes well, then you have created a good opportunity to ask her on a real date. And if she doesn't come, well, you were planning to go there anyways so it's not a real loss on your part - you just spent an afternoon/evening doing something you already enjoy.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You start with the number 1536. Your mission is to get to 1 in as few steps as possible. At each step, you may either multiply or divide the number you have, by either 2 or 3; but, only if the result is a whole number whose first digit is 1, 3, 4, or 9. That is all.", + "input": "", + "output": "As Jo has already shown, this can be accomplished in \n\n 28 steps. This is minimal, and it can be proven.\n\nTo help visualize this problem, we can imagine: \n\n A two-dimensional grid/chart where each point is a number of the form $3^x2^y$, with $(x,y)$ as the relevant co-ordinates. We want to find a path from $(1,9)$ to $(0,0)$ while making only one step up/down/left/right at a time, and ensuring that the numbers we step on have their most significant digit in the set {1,3,4,9}.\n Here is what the chart looks like for the range $(0,0)$ to $(10,10)$. The dashes represent numbers that do not begin with {1,3,4,9}, and so are unusable in our path.\n ```1024 3072 9216 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- .```\n ```---- 1536 4608 13824 41472 124416 373248 1119744 3359232 10077696 30233088 .```\n ```---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 186624 ---- 1679616 ---- 15116544 .```\n ```128 384 1152 3456 10368 31104 93312 ---- ---- ---- ---- .```\n ```---- 192 ---- 1728 ---- 15552 46656 139968 419904 1259712 3779136 .```\n ```32 96 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 1889568 .```\n ```16 48 144 432 1296 3888 11664 34992 104976 314928 944784 .```\n ```---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 1944 ---- 17496 ---- 157464 472392 .```\n ```4 12 36 108 324 972 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- .```\n ```---- ---- 18 ---- 162 486 1458 4374 13122 39366 118098 .```\n ```1 3 9 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 19683 ---- .```\n From here, we can see two different routes of 28 steps each: (1536->373248->93312->384->48->3888->972->36->9->1) and (1536->373248->46656->3779136->944784->3888->972->36->9->1). \n\nProving minimality: \n\n Since a path of length 28 exists (we've found two), we can rule out anything that's too far away to be used in a shortest path.\n Moving from (1,9) to (0,0) must take at least ten steps on its own, so we can move at most nine steps completely out of the way (and nine steps back) in a shortest route. That limits us to only considering x-coordinates up to 10; any further would require making at least ten '*3' steps, eleven '÷3' steps, and at least nine '÷2' steps, putting the route definitely longer than 28.\n With our x-coordinate limited to [0,10], we now look at the bottlenecks.\n It should be clear that any shortest route must start by going from 1536 to 93312 in seven steps, and must end by going from 3888 to 1 in nine steps. These are both forced by unique bottlenecks; there is only one way to step from $(x,7)$ to $(x,6)$ and only one way to step from $(x,3)$ to $(x,2)$ in this range.\n This leaves at most twelve steps to go from 93312 to 3888. Either by observation or by pointing out that there are only two ways to go from $(x,6)$ to $(x,5)$, we can see that there are exactly two shortest routes from 93312 to 3888, and both require all twelve steps.\n Therefore, the shortest route is 28 steps, and there are exactly two ways to do so, both of which are described in Jo's solution and below the chart. \n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I want to create a simple bit of JS code that creates an image element in the background and doesn't display anything. The image element will call a tracking URL (such as Omniture) and needs to be simple and robust and work in IE 6 = ```var oImg = document.createElement(\"img\"); oImg.setAttribute('src', 'http://www.testtrackinglink.com'); oImg.setAttribute('alt', 'na'); oImg.setAttribute('height', '1px'); oImg.setAttribute('width', '1px'); document.body.appendChild(oImg); ``` Is this the simplest but most robust (error free) way to do it?", + "input": "", + "output": "```oImg.setAttribute('width', '1px');\n```\n```px``` is for CSS only. Use either:\n```oImg.width = '1';\n```\nto set a width through HTML, or:\n```oImg.style.width = '1px';\n```\nto set it through CSS.\nNote that old versions of IE don't create a proper image with ```document.createElement()```, and old versions of KHTML don't create a proper DOM Node with ```new Image()```, so if you want to be fully backwards compatible use something like:\n```// IEWIN boolean previously sniffed through eg. conditional comments\nfunction img_create(src, alt, title) {\n var img = IEWIN ? new Image() : document.createElement('img');\n img.src = src;\n if ( alt != null ) img.alt = alt;\n if ( title != null ) img.title = title;\n return img;\n}\n```\nAlso be slightly wary of ```document.body.appendChild``` if the script may execute as the page is in the middle of loading. You can end up with the image in an unexpected place, or a weird JavaScript error on IE. If you need to be able to add it at load-time (but after the `````` element has started), you could try inserting it at the start of the body using ```body.insertBefore(body.firstChild)```.\nTo do this invisibly but still have the image actually load in all browsers, you could insert an absolutely-positioned-off-the-page `````` as the body's first child and put any tracking/preload images you don't want to be visible in there.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why is %s better than + for concatenation in python?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are several benefits of using ```%s``` over ```+``` for string concatenation in Python:\n* Readability. The format string syntax is more readable, as it separates style from the data. Also, in Python, ```%s``` syntax will automatically coerce any non ```str``` types to ```str```; while concatenation only works with ```str```, and you can't concatenate ```str``` with ```int```.\n* Performance. In Python ```str``` is immutable, so the left and right string have to be copied into the new string for every pair of concatenation. If you concatenate four strings of length 10, you will be copying (10+10) + ((10+10)+10) + (((10+10)+10)+10) = 90 characters, instead of just 40 characters. And things gets quadratically worse as the number and size of the string increases. Java optimizes this case some of the times by transforming the series of concatenation to use ```StringBuilder```, but CPython doesn't.\n* For some use cases, the logging library provide an API that uses format string to create the log entry string lazily (```logging.info(\"blah: %s\", 4)```). This is great for improved performance if the logging library decided that the current log entry will be discarded by a log filter, so it doesn't need to format the string.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I had an interview with an employer working on a software-based vehicle solution.\nBefore going further in the interview process, he gave me a task to find out if a potential customer (automotive OEMs) is interested.\nMy question is, how can I approach a potential customer and arrange some time together to present to them the solution?. I'm intending to use Linkedin, but I'm not sure how to proceed.\n\n* Who to contact (I mean the person position in the company)\n* How to formulate the request?\n", + "input": "", + "output": "Run (and run fast) - here are just a few points to consider:\n\n* That's a very unorthodox task for somebody still in the interviewing stage.\n* How you going to present a solution you aren't familiar with?\n* Since you aren't an employee of said company yet you have no grounds to represent them or even hustle their products.\n* You aren't on their payroll yet so why should you waste your time looking for customers?\n* There are a bunch of legal issues arising from such a 'task' (think NDA etc..).\n* How will your potential employer determine if your task has been carried out successfully?\n* Any CEO/CTO or even higher management of any automotive company will NOT engage in such a conversation with a random stranger.\n* Such an unprofessional approach is extremely disrespectful of the prospective customer's time.\n\nThese are all major red flags and should lead any mentally sane person to the conclusion that the person asked for such tasks is unreasonable and has no clue about business in general.\nAdditionally - what kind of impression do you think they will have of you or your potential, future employer considering the above mentioned points?\nThank them for their time and continue applying elsewhere because this company is a nut-house.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "When an expendable booster rocket stage nears the end of its burn, does the guidance computer shut the engine(s) off at a certain velocity/altitude for the mission, or does the stage completely exhaust its propellants?", + "input": "", + "output": "First stages are generally run to depletion (though not complete depletion). First stage ascents often use a preprogrammed, open loop guidance system to get out of the atmosphere with a good chunk of downrange velocity. Because winds aloft and other factors may vary, first stage performance also varies somewhat.\nUpper stage guidance is almost always closed loop, targeting a specific position and velocity combination. As a result, upper stages of boosters are shut down when that target is reached, with some amount of reserve propellants left to cover dispersions during ascent and a disposal burn.\nLiquid fueled first stages are not run dry. Cutoff is triggered with some amount left in the tank. This is because the turbopumps operate at ridiculous velocities and need something to pump, at a specific inlet pressure. The heat source (gas generator, expander, or preburner) that drives the pump is downstream of the inlet in the flow path, so cutoff has to happen by cutting off the drive force to the pump before the inlet loses pressure or runs dry. \nIf that pressure drops below minimum specifications or if the inlet goes dry, you will get cavitation and/or overspeed conditions, both of which would result in a violent reconfiguration of the hardware.\nSolid lower stages are much simpler in this regard. At some point, the thrust will tail off until the booster no longer supports its own weight. At that point, it is jettisoned.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is "ima" an informal spelling of "I must"?\n\nMegaCharizardZord Replying to @nytimes about COVID-19 vaccine:\ni just hope when i take it don't die lol. i trust the government in Canada, but if I do get something ima sue the shit out of em lol.\n\n\nSource: Twitter\n", + "input": "", + "output": "Ima is an informal contraction of I'm going to when it's used in going-to future construction - not in sentences like I'm going to London etc. It's also written i'ma or imma in informal conversations.\nHow did I'm going to come to be pronounced/spelt that way?\nIn casual speech, we tend to drop consonants that require more effort to articulate, assimilate nearby consonants, drop weak vowels etc., for the ease of articulation. Grammatical words that don't have any meaning on their own (function words?) like have to, going to (not present continuous), has, is, was, will etc., are highly susceptible to these sound changes. For instance, have to is often pronounced hafta, trying to is pronounced tryna, want to is wanna etc etc. The same thing happened to the phrase I'm going to.\n\nThere are a few processes involved in the reduction of I'm going to to ima.\n\n* I'm going to → I'm gonna: the consonant t is often dropped in many other clusters and grammatical constructions as well (as in tryna, wanna etc). Here it's dropped and the vowel of to—which is usually a schwa [ə]—is linked with the preceding word; going to → gonna: [ˈɡəʊɪ̃ŋtə] → [ˈgə̃nə]\n\n* Deletion of the /g/: plosives (/g t d k/ etc) require great effort to articulate (the air is completely blocked and then released), so people dropped the plosive /g/ to make its articulation easier: [aɪ̃m gə̃nə] → [aɪ̃m ə̃nə] (i'm ana)\n\n* linking I'm and gonna: In causal and connected speech, consonants and vowels are often linked by a process called liaison, so both I'm and gonna join together and become [aɪ̃mə̃nə] (i'mana).\n\n* Syncope of the vowel in the second syllable: Unstressed schwas are often lost through syncope (for example, 'chocolate' is choc.late for most speakers). If we removed the schwa from the second syllable, we'd get [aɪmnə] (i'mna).\n\n* Deletion of /n/: It's simple cluster reduction. In English, two nasals that are next to each other are often reduced to a single nasal (as in damn), so the /n/ is deleted, yielding in this case [aɪ̃mə] (i'ma). Or people dropped the /n/ for the sake of ease.\n\nSome people further reduce the diphthong [aɪ] it to something like [a], which results in [ãmə] (ama)\nThat's why people spell it that way. It's highly informal and as TypeIA pointed out in a comment, it's mostly a verbal thing and is not usually found in written form. It's commonly found in chatspeak or lolspeak. You shouldn't write it in any kind of writing.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to prevent \"Delhi Belly\" from eating/drinking locally?", + "input": "", + "output": "Basically, you can't.\nThe world is full of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, even in developed, First World nations. There are some decent steps to trying to minimize your exposure:\n\n* Properly cooked foods. Everything heated to a proper internal temperature (depends on the dish, check the USDA's site for guidelines), no sampling the raw chicken dish, etc.\n* For fruits and veg, if you can't peel it, don't eat it. A tremendous number of GI outbreaks are due to fruit and veg, rather than meat. This includes things like salads - since you can't really peel lettuce, avoid it.\n* Check if the local water is safe. When in doubt, assume it isn't. You can stick to bottled water, though there's always the distinct chance its being bottled from a contaminated source. Coke/Pepsi etc., and beer are good alternatives. Little known fact, the Coca-Cola company is hugely involved in clean water programs worldwide, because they need it for their product.\n* Ice. Ice is bad. Its probably made using the local tap-water, and there are many beasties that can survive an encounter with an ice machine.\n\nBut when it comes down to it, nearly every traveller makes some sort of safe-eating \"mistake\" fairly frequently, whether they realize it or not. At the end of the day, your best bet is to talk to your travel physician, and see if you can get a prescription for an antibiotic. Using that in combination with something like Imodium will probably keep your trip mostly on track - shutting down the problem long enough for the antibiotics to treat the source. Unless of course its viral - norovirus, rotavirus etc. In that event, best of luck.\nAnd if it does happen? Stay hydrated. You're losing salts and water, they need to be replaced.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm working at my first programming job. My boss is a very smart software engineer, and I feel\nlike I have very little to offer compared to him. Problem is, he is always busy, and needs someone to help him out. I feel like I'm not good enough, but I still want to succeed. I want to be a great programmer.\nWhat can I do to impress him?\nThank you.", + "input": "", + "output": "Remember the scene in Aladdin where Aladdin wants to impress Jasmine, and the genie tells him he'd do better to just focus on being himself? Same principle here.\nIf the boss is that much better than you and you know it, he probably knows it too. He isn't expecting any great feats of programming rock-stardom out of you. Since this is your first job, he most likely hired you because he saw the potential to become a good coder in you. So if you really want to impress him, learn. Learn the language, learn the system you're working on, learn the ins and outs and dark corners. Focus on learning correct principles, learning them well and learning them quickly, in that order.\nAnd remember that part of learning is copying knowledge that other people already have. Don't be afraid to ask questions, either of your coworkers or on StackOverflow, or research things on Google. Whatever you do, don't pretend you know something when you really don't, in an effort to avoid seeming dumb. Any good developer will notice quickly, and that will make you look even stupider in their eyes. Humility tends to still be considered a virtue among engineers.\nDo a good job at that and it'll impress the boss.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can I pass variables to a GNU Makefile as command line arguments? In other words, I want to pass some arguments which will eventually become variables in the Makefile.", + "input": "", + "output": "You have several options to set up variables from outside your makefile:\n\n* From environment - each environment variable is transformed into a makefile variable with the same name and value.\nYou may also want to set ```-e``` option (aka ```--environments-override```) on, and your environment variables will override assignments made into makefile (unless these assignments themselves use the ```override``` directive . However, it's not recommended, and it's much better and flexible to use ```?=``` assignment (the conditional variable assignment operator, it only has an effect if the variable is not yet defined):\n```FOO?=default_value_if_not_set_in_environment\n```\nNote that certain variables are not inherited from environment:\n\n* ```MAKE``` is gotten from name of the script\n* ```SHELL``` is either set within a makefile, or defaults to ```/bin/sh``` (rationale: commands are specified within the makefile, and they're shell-specific).\n\n* From command line - ```make``` can take variable assignments as part of his command line, mingled with targets:\n```make target FOO=bar\n```\nBut then all assignments to ```FOO``` variable within the makefile will be ignored unless you use the ```override``` directive in assignment. (The effect is the same as with ```-e``` option for environment variables).\n* Exporting from the parent Make - if you call Make from a Makefile, you usually shouldn't explicitly write variable assignments like this:\n```# Don't do this!\ntarget:\n $(MAKE) -C target CC=$(CC) CFLAGS=$(CFLAGS)\n```\nInstead, better solution might be to export these variables. Exporting a variable makes it into the environment of every shell invocation, and Make calls from these commands pick these environment variable as specified above.\n```# Do like this\nCFLAGS=-g\nexport CFLAGS\ntarget:\n $(MAKE) -C target\n```\nYou can also export all variables by using ```export``` without arguments.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have noticed that some games quote the requirement for \"pixel shader 3.0 or better\". \nWhat is a pixel shader and is it some software requirements or hardware requirements?", + "input": "", + "output": "Simple answer\nPixel shaders are tiny programs that can do operations on a single pixel on the screen, as opposed to geometry shaders and vertex shaders which work on the geometrical primitives (triangles) that make up everything you see on the screen. The most common use for pixel shaders is 'shading', approximation to real world lighting. Commonly used shading model is Phong.\nPixel shaders are executed on your video card, so your video card needs to support them. Each new version provides more capabilities, so an older video card will not run newer shaders. A new version of the pixel shader specification (e.g. Pixel Shader 3.0) is usually released for each new version of DirectX (more accurately, Direct3D).\nSoftware Requirements\nYou need to have the correct version of Direct3D (or OpenGL) installed in order to use the shaders. For example, Pixel Shader 4.0 requires at least Direct3D 10. Normally you don't have to worry about this, every game that uses Direct3D will install the correct version for you when you install the game. The only exceptions are Direct3D 10 and later, which will not run on Windows XP or earlier. You will need at least Windows Vista in order to play a game that uses Direct3D 10 or 11.\nWikipedia provides a nice list of Pixel Shader versions, the version of Direct3D you need, and the types of graphics cards that work with them.\n\nTechnical answer\nThe 'standard' stages of a 3D rendering pipeline are as follows (somewhat simplified):\n\n* Transformation (Moving, rotating and scaling all the objects in the scene)\n* Lighting\n* Projection ('Squashing' the 3D world into a 2D plane)\n* Clipping (Removing anything outside the field of view)\n* Rasterising (Converting the vector graphics (triangles, etc) into raster graphics (pixels))\n* Texturing\n* Display\n\nPixel Shaders are used as an alternative to the standard texturing phase. During rasterisation, each triangle is converted into pixels. These pixels do not have their final colour yet, but the do have a bunch of parameters associated with them. These include base colour, texture coordinates, lighting information, etc. The Pixel Shader is a small program that takes these parameters and uses them to calculate the final colour as it is displayed on the screen. The Pixel Shader has access to all texture data, and can use them to do interesting things such as blending two textures (to create a 'dirty' look), using a texture as a bump map (to simulate a relief), or to simulate reflections.\nHardware\nOn the hardware side, Pixel Shaders are executed on 'Shader Units', small processors on your GPU. Each Shader Unit is basically a very simple CPU, but a modern video card may contain thousands of these things (an AMD Radeon HD6990 contains over 3000). Older GPUs had different Shader Units for different tasks: Pixel Shaders were executed on different parts of the system than Vertex Shaders. Modern GPUs have so called 'unified shader units' which can perform all of these operations.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Red light facing forwards? It was nighttime in Manhattan. Isn't more always better when it comes to being seen?", + "input": "", + "output": "No. You should always ride with a white light facing forward and a red light facing backwards. If you want additional illumination, you can add multiple white/red lights in the appropriate direction. Amber/yellow lights can be used facing any direction for additional visibility. \nThe first reason is that it's the law:\n\n (a) Every bicycle when in use during the period from one-half hour after sunset to one-half hour before sunrise shall be equipped with a lamp on the front which shall emit a white light visible during hours of darkness from a distance of at least five hundred feet to the front and with a red or amber light visible to the rear for three hundred feet. Effective July first, nineteen hundred seventy-six, at least one of these lights shall be visible for two hundred feet from each side.\n\nMore importantly for your safety though, the color of a light conveys a certain meaning. Drivers, pedestrians, and other cyclists associate the color red with a taillight and the color white with a headlight. If you put the wrong color facing the wrong direction, people may think you are traveling the opposite direction. Imagine a car is pulling out of a driveway and sees a red bike light flashing to their left. They may assume that means a bike is moving away from them on the left. If they then pull out of the driveway and you're really moving towards them, you could get hit. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "If water is not a good conductor, why are we advised to avoid water near electricity (no wet hands near circuits etc.)?", + "input": "", + "output": ""Pure" water is a very poor conductor (resistivity is actually used as a measure of purity).\n"Real" water is not pure - it contains electrolytes and is quite conductive. Also - when your skin is wet, its resistivity is significantly lower.\nFor example - "pure" water has a resistivity of (about) 18.2 M$\\Omega\\cdot\\rm{cm}$. With 10 ppm of dissolved NaCl ("very good quality tap water" would have less than 50 ppm), the resistivity drops to about $43~\\rm{k\\Omega\\cdot cm}$\n\nA lot of detail can be found in "Conduction of Electrical Current to and Through the Human Body: A Review" (Fish and Geddes, ePlasty 2009, 9, e44). \n\n> Why immersion in water can be fatal with very low voltages\n* Immersion wets the skin very effectively and great lowers skin resistance per unit area\n* Contact area is a large percentage of the entire body surface area\n* Electric current may also enter the body through mucous membranes, such as the mouth and throat\n* The human body is very sensitive to electricity. Very small amounts of current can cause loss of ability to swim, respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the difference between cohesion and coupling?\nHow can coupling and cohesion lead to either good or poor software design?\nWhat are some examples that outline the difference between the two, and their impact on overall code quality?", + "input": "", + "output": "Cohesion refers to what the class (or module) can do. Low cohesion would mean that the class does a great variety of actions - it is broad, unfocused on what it should do. High cohesion means that the class is focused on what it should be doing, i.e. only methods relating to the intention of the class.\nExample of Low Cohesion:\n```-------------------\n| Staff |\n-------------------\n| checkEmail() |\n| sendEmail() |\n| emailValidate() |\n| PrintLetter() |\n-------------------\n```\nExample of High Cohesion:\n```----------------------------\n| Staff |\n----------------------------\n| -salary |\n| -emailAddr |\n----------------------------\n| setSalary(newSalary) |\n| getSalary() |\n| setEmailAddr(newEmail) |\n| getEmailAddr() |\n----------------------------\n```\nAs for coupling, it refers to how related or dependent two classes/modules are toward each other. For low coupled classes, changing something major in one class should not affect the other. High coupling would make it difficult to change and maintain your code; since classes are closely knit together, making a change could require an entire system revamp.\nGood software design has ***high cohesion*** and ***low coupling***.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can Romex (NM-B) cable be run through conduit?", + "input": "", + "output": "Yes, NM (Romex) cable can be in conduit. In fact, National Electrical Code (NEC() calls for it to be in conduit, when protection from physical damage is required. But it really isn't worth it.\n\n## It's a nightmare to pull\nNM (Romex) is already solid wire except in the large sizes, and now you have 3-4 wires bound together. You are trying to pull this around maybe 14\" radius elbows, and if the NM gets twists in it (it always does), it really drags in those places. It's just a stiff, miserable pull - enough to \"put you off conduit forever\" - which is a shame, because conduit is wonderful when using easy-to-pull stranded wire.\n\nPulling this stiff cable increases the risk of damaging the cable. What's more, \"cable in conduit\" is often a newbie who chooses cable simply because he is unaware that wire comes in any other forms. Which leads to more risk of damage still.\n\n## It requires ridiculously large conduit\nYou still have to calculate and respect conduit fill rules, and those are very punishing toward cable. Most cable is oblong, and the rules say you use the largest dimension and treat it as a circular wire of that dimension.\n\n* For a single \"wire\", you are allowed 53% conduit fill. That means the conduit ID must be at least 137% of the large cross-section of the cable. That's not so bad, but...\n* For two \"wires\", you're only allowed 31% fill. That's to protect the wires from binding. That means the conduit ID must be at least 2.54 times the cable large dimension.\n* For three \"wires\", you're allowed 40% fill. That means the conduit must be at least 2.74 times the cable width (at 3 wires), larger for more wires.\n\nFor instance, someone wanted to squeeze three #6 cables through a 1\" conduit. Now this is \"easy peasy\" with 6 individual #6 THHN wires and 3 bare #10 grounds. However, with three #6 UF cables, the conduit size needed to be 3\" instead of 1\". Whoa.\n\nYou are certainly allowed to do it, but you will be using rather enormous conduit, and you will have a hard time pulling.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Let's say I have a function which takes an ```std::function```:\n```void callFunction(std::function x)\n{\n x();\n}\n```\nShould I pass ```x``` by const-reference instead?:\n```void callFunction(const std::function& x)\n{\n x();\n}\n```\nDoes the answer to this question change depending on what the function does with it? For example if it is a class member function or constructor which stores or initializes the ```std::function``` into a member variable.", + "input": "", + "output": "If you want performance, pass by value if you are storing it.\n\nSuppose you have a function called \"run this in the UI thread\".\n```std::future run_in_ui_thread( std::function )\n```\nwhich runs some code in the \"ui\" thread, then signals the ```future``` when done. (Useful in UI frameworks where the UI thread is where you are supposed to mess with UI elements)\nWe have two signatures we are considering:\n```std::future run_in_ui_thread( std::function ) // (A)\nstd::future run_in_ui_thread( std::function const& ) // (B)\n```\n\nNow, we are likely to use these as follows:\n```run_in_ui_thread( [=]{\n // code goes here\n} ).wait();\n```\nwhich will create an anonymous closure (a lambda), construct a ```std::function``` out of it, pass it to the ```run_in_ui_thread``` function, then wait for it to finish running in the main thread.\nIn case (A), the ```std::function``` is directly constructed from our lambda, which is then used within the ```run_in_ui_thread```. The lambda is ```move```d into the ```std::function```, so any movable state is efficiently carried into it.\nIn the second case, a temporary ```std::function``` is created, the lambda is ```move```d into it, then that temporary ```std::function``` is used by reference within the ```run_in_ui_thread```.\nSo far, so good -- the two of them perform identically. Except the ```run_in_ui_thread``` is going to make a copy of its function argument to send to the ui thread to execute! (it will return before it is done with it, so it cannot just use a reference to it). For case (A), we simply ```move``` the ```std::function``` into its long-term storage. In case (B), we are forced to copy the ```std::function```.\nThat store makes passing by value more optimal. If there is any possibility you are storing a copy of the ```std::function```, pass by value. Otherwise, either way is roughly equivalent: the only downside to by-value is if you are taking the same bulky ```std::function``` and having one sub method after another use it. Barring that, a ```move``` will be as efficient as a ```const&```.\nNow, there are some other differences between the two that mostly kick in if we have persistent state within the ```std::function```.\nAssume that the ```std::function``` stores some object with a ```operator() const```, but it also has some ```mutable``` data members which it modifies (how rude!).\nIn the ```std::function const&``` case, the ```mutable``` data members modified will propagate out of the function call. In the ```std::function``` case, they won't.\nThis is a relatively strange corner case.\nYou want to treat ```std::function``` like you would any other possibly heavy-weight, cheaply movable type. Moving is cheap, copying can be expensive.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have an Eloquent model which has a related model:\n```public function option() {\n return $this->hasOne('RepairOption', 'repair_item_id');\n}\npublic function setOptionArrayAttribute($values)\n{\n $this->option->update($values);\n}\n```\nWhen I create the model, it does not necessarily have a related model. When I update it, I might add an option, or not.\nSo I need to check if the related model exists, to either update it, or create it, respectively:\n```$model = RepairItem::find($id);\nif (Input::has('option')) {\n if () {\n $option = new RepairOption(Input::get('option'));\n $option->repairItem()->associate($model);\n $option->save();\n $model->fill(Input::except('option');\n } else {\n $model->update(Input::all());\n }\n};\n```\nWhere `````` is the code I am looking for.", + "input": "", + "output": "A Relation object passes unknown method calls through to an Eloquent query Builder, which is set up to only select the related objects. That Builder in turn passes unknown method calls through to its underlying query Builder.\nThis means you can use the ```exists()``` or ```count()``` methods directly from a relation object:\n```$model->relation()->exists(); // bool: true if there is at least one row\n$model->relation()->count(); // int: number of related rows\n```\nNote the parentheses after ```relation```: ```->relation()``` is a function call (getting the relation object), as opposed to ```->relation``` which a magic property getter set up for you by Laravel (getting the related object/objects).\nUsing the ```count``` method on the relation object (that is, using the parentheses) will be much faster than doing ```$model->relation->count()``` or ```count($model->relation)``` (unless the relation has already been eager-loaded) since it runs a count query rather than pulling all of the data for any related objects from the database, just to count them. Likewise, using ```exists``` doesn't need to pull model data either.\nBoth ```exists()``` and ```count()``` work on all relation types I've tried, so at least ```belongsTo```, ```hasOne```, ```hasMany```, and ```belongsToMany```.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "NASA is hiring a new 'planetary protection officer' to defend Earth from alien matter, and the pay is a six-figure salary: as much as $187,000 a year.\nWhen we are not sure whether aliens exist, why are we still hiring staff for protecting Earth? I do understand we have to take precautions. But when we don't have any proof why spend $187,000 a year?\nSource: Nasa [sic] hiring new 'planetary protection officer' to defend Earth from alien matter - Times of India, Aug 3, 2017", + "input": "", + "output": "You're observing shamefully bad journalism. The "protect Earth from aliens" bullet point in the "Highlights" section of the article was put there by an editor who either ignorantly or willfully distorted the actual role of the Planetary Protection Officer.\nThe first paragraph of the story gets a little closer:\n\nThe full-time role of "planetary protection officer" will involve ensuring that humans in space do not contaminate planets and moons, as well as ensuring that alien matter does not infect Earth.\n\n"Planetary Protection Officer" isn't a new position; the current one is retiring. The primary focus of the planetary protection office is sterilizing probes that are going to other planets and moons. This is done both to preserve any existing life elsewhere in the solar system from Terran competition, and so that if and when we find life on other bodies, we will know we didn't bring it ourselves.\nPreventing microbes from other worlds reaching Earth is also a concern, for similar reasons.\nDeveloping and implementing the policies of the planetary protection office is a complex job requiring a broad array of both technical and human skills, and so a $187K salary is not remarkable for it:\n\nCandidates will be required to travel frequently — but like any job, there will be a significant amount of emails, proposals and other reading.\nCandidates must have at least one year's experience as a top-level civilian government employee, and an advanced degree in physical science, engineering or mathematics. They must also have "advanced knowledge" of planetary protection.\nThe position also requires "demonstrated skills in diplomacy that resulted in win-win solutions during extremely difficult and complex multilateral discussions". The new hire will also receive "secret" security clearance. Only US citizens and US nationals can apply.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Traditional advice for making megadungeons in older versions of D&D is in addition to any rooms with Monsters, Treasure, Traps, or \"Tricks\", there should also be at least 50 to 60 percent \"Empty\" rooms, which contain nothing overtly threatening or valuable. Now, there's several arguments for including these empty rooms that I buy, so I'm not going to accept any answer which primarily says, \"Don't include empty rooms\". The main issue I run into with empty rooms, however, is that they're boring in the way that I've been including them. They don't do their job of increasing tension, and the set dressing included around them hasn't been sufficiently interesting to my players either. My question is this: How can I make empty rooms interesting, by increasing tension or simply being interesting in and of themselves?", + "input": "", + "output": "By definition, nothing's going to happen in an empty room (though see below). There are no hidden doors to find, no puzzles to solve, no enemies to fight. So what's their purpose?\n\n## Bringing the dungeon to life\nWhile all the orcs may sit around in a guard room waiting for PCs to show up, where do they sleep, what do they eat, what happens to their trash? Think of a dungeon not just as a place to have fights in, but as an actual place that serves a purpose. Once you do, the dungeon will start making sense. "Empty" rooms will increase immersion for the players, and force you to consider things you may not have otherwise. Should there be a pet otyugh that eats the trash? Are the orcs demanding cows from the local farmers for "protection"? Do they keep a famed halfling cook enslaved, to make them rare steaks?\n\n## Foreshadowing\nOnce the dungeon makes sense, you can use that to place clues for things that dwell deeper within. Has a horde of zombies marched through to guard the necromancer's abode within, and left a few rotten body parts here and there? Has a malevolent force been summoned and spoiled all the meat and milk in the dungeon? Is there a golem maintenance station, with oil to grease them, rags to polish them, and a mad goblin mechanic? These may be vital clues PCs need to prepare for a tough fight, or they can simply let them form theories and feel smart about being right once they do come upon a golem or three.\n\n#Currently empty\nThese rooms are empty now, but they don't have to stay that way. PCs may choose to fortify a room and bring the enemy to them - such tactical choices could be an important part of dungeoncrawling. Orcs may chase PCs through the dungeon, or randomly come across them in a kitchen because they were feeling peckish.\nNote that some of these ideas would introduce creatures or things into rooms that PCs may choose to interact with, which would make them non-empty. In a way that's fine: you started with an empty room but found something interesting to put inside after all. If that's not your intention, well, don't put goblins or halflings or otyughs in. Stick to body parts and greasy pots and shadowy portraits and bloodstains and scent of brimstone and fresh flowers and broken mirrors and...\n\nTell a story with your empty rooms, or offer tactical choices. Preferably both.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Laravel - Eloquent \"Has\", \"With\", \"WhereHas\" - What do they mean? explain in the context of an example", + "input": "", + "output": "With\n```with()``` is for eager loading. That basically means, along the main model, Laravel will preload the relationship(s) you specify. This is especially helpful if you have a collection of models and you want to load a relation for all of them. Because with eager loading you run only one additional DB query instead of one for every model in the collection.\nExample:\n```User > hasMany > Post```\n```$users = User::with('posts')->get();\nforeach($users as $user){\n $users->posts; // posts is already loaded and no additional DB query is run\n}\n```\n\nHas\n```has()``` is to filter the selecting model based on a relationship. So it acts very similarly to a normal WHERE condition. If you just use ```has('relation')``` that means you only want to get the models that have at least one related model in this relation.\nExample:\n```User > hasMany > Post```\n```$users = User::has('posts')->get();\n// only users that have at least one post are contained in the collection\n```\n\nWhereHas\n```whereHas()``` works basically the same as ```has()``` but allows you to specify additional filters for the related model to check.\nExample:\n```User > hasMany > Post```\n```$users = User::whereHas('posts', function($q){\n $q->where('created_at', '>=', '2015-01-01 00:00:00');\n})->get();\n// only users that have posts from 2015 on forward are returned\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What are some of the advantages of using one over the other?", + "input": "", + "output": "ASP.NET Web Forms and MVC are two web frameworks developed by Microsoft - they are both good choices. Neither of the web frameworks are to be replaced by the other nor are there plans to have them 'merged' into a single framework. Continued support and development are done in parallel by Microsoft and neither will be 'going away'.\nEach of these web frameworks offers advantages/disadvantages - some of which need to be considered when developing a web application. A web application can be developed using either technology - it might make development for a particular application easier selecting one technology versus the other and vice versa.\nASP.NET Web Forms:\n\n* Development supports state\n• Gives the illusion that a web application is aware of what the user has been doing, similar to Windows applications. I.e. Makes 'wizard' functionality a little bit easier to implement. Web forms does a great job at hiding a lot of that complexity from the developer.\n* Rapid Application Development (RAD)\n• The ability to just 'jump in' and start delivering web forms. This is disputed by some of the MVC community, but pushed by Microsoft. In the end, it comes down to the level of expertise of the developer and what they are comfortable with. The web forms model probably has less of a learning curve to less experienced developers.\n* Larger control toolbox\n• ASP.NET Web Forms offers a much greater and more robust toolbox (web controls) whereas MVC offers a more primitive control set relying more on rich client-side controls via jQuery (Javascript).\n* Mature\n• It's been around since 2002 and there is an abundance of information with regards to questions, problems, etc. Offers more third-party control - need to consider your existing toolkits.\n\nASP.NET MVC:\n\n* Separation of concerns (SoC)\n• From a technical standpoint, the organization of code within MVC is very clean, organized and granular, making it easier (hopefully) for a web application to scale in terms of functionality. Promotes great design from a development standpoint.\n* Easier integration with client side tools (rich user interface tools)\n• More than ever, web applications are increasingly becoming as rich as the applications you see on your desktops. With MVC, it gives you the ability to integrate with such toolkits (such as jQuery) with greater ease and more seamless than in Web Forms.\n* Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Friendly / Stateless\n• URL's are more friendly to search engines (i.e. mywebapplication.com/users/ 1 - retrieve user with an ID of 1 vs mywebapplication/users/getuser.aspx (id passed in session)). Similarly, since MVC is stateless, this removes the headache of users who spawn multiple web browsers from the same window (session collisions). Along those same lines, MVC adheres to the stateless web protocol rather than 'battling' against it.\n* Works well with developers who need high degree of control\n• Many controls in ASP.NET web forms automatically generate much of the raw HTML you see when an page is rendered. This can cause headaches for developers. With MVC, it lends itself better towards having complete control with what is rendered and there are no surprises. Even more important, is that the HTML forms typically are much smaller than the Web forms which can equate to a performance boost - something to seriously consider.\n* Test Driven Development (TDD)\n• With MVC, you can more easily create tests for the web side of things. An additional layer of testing will provide yet another layer of defense against unexpected behavior.\n\nAuthentication, authorization, configuration, compilation and deployment are all features that are shared between the two web frameworks.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What factors determine the maximum altitude for a plane?\nIs it limited by wing design, engine thrust, and so on?\nIs there a formula by which one can calculate the maximum altitude a plane can reach?", + "input": "", + "output": "The higher you get, the lower the density of the air becomes. This lower density results in a lower lift being generated for the same airspeed and angle of attack. Effectively, the higher you fly the higher your minimum speed becomes. So while climbing, your speed needs to increase to compensate for the lower air density. As long a you can fly faster, the lower density at altitude can be compensated for. \nBasically there are two things that limit your maximum speed: thrust and speed of sound and with that your maximum altitude.\nFirst is thrust; the higher you get, the lower the thrust your engines deliver. You might note that drag goes down with the air density as well but since you are flying faster and faster during the climb the drag doesn't decrease at all. If your maximum altitude is limited by thrust then at some point during the climb the thrust and drag are getting close to equal and that is where the climb stops. When you can no longer climb with more than 100ft per minute (for propeller aircraft) or 500ft per minute (for jet / turbofan aircraft) you have reached your service ceiling. If the aircraft maximum altitude is determined by thrust, the absolute ceiling will take very long to reach. \nAt high altitudes air breathing engines will get difficulties eventually. Due to the lower air density the mass flow through the engine is reduced up to a point where it causes a flame out. \nThe other limitation is the speed of sound, at least for subsonic aircraft. In the process of generating lift, air flowing over the top of the wing is accelerated. At one point, when the aircraft is still flying below the speed of sound, shock waves will start to form over the wing. This results in increase of drag and reduces the lift. So provided you have enough engine power at your disposal you can climb to an altitude where your minimum speed is also your maximum speed. This is called the coffin corner. In the coffin corner:\n\n* if you fly any faster, you will exceed the maximum Mach number ($M_{mo}$) of your aircraft, resulting in high speed buffet, vibrations and possible loss of control. \n* if you fly any slower, the maximum lift that the wing can provide will be insufficient to maintain altitude. Descent or the aircraft will stall. \n* if you fly any higher and you will be too fast and too slow at the same time. \n* if you turn, you increase the wing loading, thereby increasing the minimum speed needed to create the required lift. Also the outer wing will easily exceed the maximum speed while at the same time the inner wing is below stall speed. This can quickly develop into a spin. \n\nSince accurate knowledge of engine performance, drag and wing characteristics of the aircraft is needed, there is not a simple formula to derive the maximum altitude for an aircraft. \n\nApart from the aircraft performance related limitations above there is a certified maximum operating altitude for the pressurized cabin. This takes into account the structural properties of the hull (pressure difference between inside and outside) and the achievable emergency descent rate in case of a depressurization event.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why did the Typescript folks create the ```infer``` keyword?\nAccording to the documents, this is an example of how you would use it:\n```type ReturnType = T extends (...args: any[]) => infer R ? R : any;\n```\nI don't understand why this is needed. Why can't it just be:\n```type ReturnType = T extends (...args: any[]) => R ? R : any;\n```\nWhy doesn't this work? Why is the ```infer``` keyword necessary ?", + "input": "", + "output": "With ```infer```, the compiler ensures that you have declared all type variables explicitly:\n```type MyType = T extends infer R ? R : never;\ntype T1 = MyType // T1 is { b: string; }\n```\nHere we declare a new type variable ```R``` in ```MyType```, which gets inferred from ```T```.\n(Note, that ```infer``` is always used within the ```extends``` clause of a conditional type.)\nUsage of undeclared type parameters now can result in a compile error:\n```type MyType2 = T extends R2 ? R2 : never; // error, R2 undeclared\n```\nWithout ```infer```, the compiler wouldn't know, if you wanted to introduce an additional type variable ```R2``` that is to be inferred (see first case), or if ```R2``` is just an accidental typing error/typo. ```infer``` exists to remove this ambiguity.\nMore precisely the compiler checks, if ```T``` is assignable to ```R``` , when ```infer``` is omitted:\n```type R = { a: number }\ntype MyType3 = T extends R ? R : never; // compare T with type R\ntype T3 = MyType3 // T3 is never\n```\nNote, that ```infer R``` shadows type references of an equally-named type declaration ```R```:\n```type R = { a: number }\ntype MyType4 = T extends infer R ? R : never;\ntype T4 = MyType4 // { b: string; }\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Which is more widely supported: ```window.onload``` or ```document.onload```?", + "input": "", + "output": "When do they fire?\n```window.onload```\n\n* By default, it is fired when the entire page loads, including its content (images, CSS, scripts, etc.).\n\nIn some browsers it now takes over the role of ```document.onload``` and fires when the DOM is ready as well.\n```document.onload```\n\n* It is called when the DOM is ready which can be prior to images and other external content is loaded.\n\nHow well are they supported?\n```window.onload``` appears to be the most widely supported. In fact, some of the most modern browsers have in a sense replaced ```document.onload``` with ```window.onload```.\nBrowser support issues are most likely the reason why many people are starting to use libraries such as jQuery to handle the checking for the document being ready, like so:\n```$(document).ready(function() { /* code here */ });\n$(function() { /* code here */ });\n```\n\nFor the purpose of history. ```window.onload``` vs ```body.onload```:\n\n A similar question was asked on codingforums a while\n back regarding the usage of ```window.onload``` over ```body.onload```. The\n result seemed to be that you should use ```window.onload``` because it is\n good to separate your structure from the action.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I was surprised to learn that Puerto Ricans, despite living in a US territory, were not entitled to vote in the presidential elections.\nI was even more surprised to learn that US citizens are allowed to vote for president from anywhere in the world - EXCEPT if they happen to live in Puerto Rico.\nWhat is the legal/political rationale behind this? What is it about Puerto Rico that magically removes one's right to vote? Has anyone ever challenged this?", + "input": "", + "output": "This is a peculiarity as a result of the federal nature of the USA and the exceptional position of Puerto Rico as a territory but not a state. Within the States and Territories of the USA, your voting rights depend on residence. If you leave the States and Territories your voting rights depend on former residence or inheritance.\n\nIn general most citizens of the USA are also citizens of a state of the USA. Since states don't issue their own passports, your citizenship of a state is determined by residence. If a New Yorker moves to Florida, they become Floridians, and so can vote in state elections in Florida, but can't now vote in elections in New York.\n\nNow if our New Yorker moves to Timbuktu, this is treated slightly differently. They remain a US citizen and a citizen of New York, and so retain the right to vote in New York elections. Their children could also claim New York citizenship.\n\nBut Puerto Rico is both part of the USA but not a State or part of a State of the USA. When our New Yorker moves to Puerto Rico, they can vote in Puerto Rican elections but not elections in New York.\n\nNow the nature of elections in the US is that there are no national elections There are statewide elections of Senators, Governors and Presidential electors. There are district elections of Representatives and there are local elections of many kinds. Our New Yorker has lost the right to vote in New York elections (just as they would have done if they had moved to Florida) but not gained the right to vote in Puerto Rican elections for Presidential electors (because there are none).\n\nThis is odd, but something similar is true if the New Yorker moves to DC. They cease to have the right to vote in elections to the Senate.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Suppose I wrote that I will be killed by a UFO falling from space in the year 2315 while I am lifting.\nWill the Note increase my lifespan? In other words, will I still be alive by then? ", + "input": "", + "output": "No. There are some rules that prevent this. From the Rules of the Death Note wiki:\n\n1. The 23-days rule\n\n How to use: XXVII\n \n * [...]\n * If you write, “die of disease” for the cause of death, but only write a specific time of death without the actual name of disease, the human will die from an adequate disease. But the Death Note can only operate within 23 days (in the human calendar). This is called the 23-day rule.\n \n\n2. Situation/cause of death is impossible \n\n How to Use: LIV\n \n * [...] \n * In the occasion where the cause of death is possible but the situation is not, only the cause of death will take effect for that victim. If both the cause and the situation are impossible, that victim will die of heart attack.\n\nWhile an UFO falling on your head is technically unlikely, but not impossible, the fact that you'll be naturally alive by 2315 is impossible. You'll just shorten your life, not make it longer.\n\n3. Setting death after original lifespan\n\n How to Use: LVII\n \n * In the Death Note, you cannot set the death date longer than the victim’s original life span. Even if the victim’s death is set in the Death Note beyond his/her original life span, the victim will die before the set time.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have an Affa Protector enchanted with Unhallowed Pact ... My opponent kills my Affa with Dread Slaver ...\nWho will take control of the creature at the end? This is taking into consideration that my aura spell was cast 5 turns ago. Meaning my aura spell is NOT on the stack.", + "input": "", + "output": "It depends on whose turn it is.\nBoth abilities trigger at the same time, and so will be put on the stack together. Abilities are put on the stack in APNAP (Active Player, Non-Active Player) order.* This means that the player whose turn it is puts their ability on the stack, then the other player does. That second player's ability will resolve first, returning the creature to the battlefield. When the other ability tries to resolve, it fails to find the creature in the graveyard and thus can't return it.\nThus whoever's the active player won't end up with the creature. For multiplayer games where there are multiple NAPs they are put on the stack in turn order starting from the AP, so the last player in turn order with such an effect would take precedence.\n\n* From the rules on Triggered Abilities:\n\n > 603.3b If multiple abilities have triggered since the last time a player received priority, each player, in APNAP order, puts triggered abilities he or she controls on the stack in any order he or she chooses. [...]\n\nThis works with any number of players, starting with the active player and passing around in turn order. In this case, the player furthest away from taking their turn (the last player to put their ability on the stack) would get the creature.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I've found that some people call JavaScript a \"dynamically, weakly typed\" language, but some even say \"untyped\"? Which is it really?", + "input": "", + "output": "strong/weak can be thought of in relation to how the compiler, if applicable, handles typing.\n\n* Weakly typed means the compiler, if applicable, doesn't enforce correct typing. Without implicit compiler interjection, the instruction will error during run-time.\n```\"12345\" * 1 === 12345 // string * number => number\n```\nStrongly typed means there is a compiler, and it wants you an explicit cast from string to integer.\n```(int) \"12345\" * 1 === 12345\n```\nIn either case, some compiler's features can implicitly alter the instruction during compile-time to do conversions for you, if it can determine that is the right thing to do.\nThus far, JavaScript can be categorized as Not-Strongly-Typed. That either means it's weakly-typed or un-typed.\n\ndynamic/static can be thought of in relation to how the language instructions manipulate types.\n\n* Dynamically typed means the value's type is enforced, but the variable simply represents any value of any type.\n```x = 12345; // number\nx = \"string\"; // string\nx = { key: \"value\" }; // object\ny = 123 + x; // error or implicit conversion must take place.\n```\nStatically typed means the variable type is strongly enforced, and the value type is less-so enforced.\n```int x = 12345; // binds x to the type int\nx = \"string\"; // too late, x is an integer - error\nstring y = 123; // error or implicit conversion must take place.\n```\nThus far, JavaScript can be categorized as Not-Statically-Typed. Also, it appears to be Dynamically Typed, if typed at all. So we need to see what Typing means.\n\nTyped means that the language distinguishes between different types such as string, number, boolean, object, array, null, undefined and so on. Also each operation is bound to specific types. So you cannot divide an integer by a string.\n``` 2 / \"blah\" // produces NaN\n```\nUntyped means the operation of dividing integer by string would result in treating the first four bytes of string as integer. This is because Untyped operations take place directly on bits, there are no types to observe. The outcome will be something quite unexpected:\n``` 2 / \"blah\" // will be treated as 2 / 1500275048\n```\nSince JavaScript behaves according to the definition of being Typed, it must be. And therefore it must be Dynamically Typed, and Weakly Typed.\nIf anybody claims JavaScript is Untyped, it is merely for academic theory, not for practical application.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I was fixing my laptop, and as you may know, laptops have a lot of small screws to take out when you are fixing it. One of the screws fell into the floor (the floor has carpet on it), and I was unable to follow the screw with my sight. If I don't follow the screw with my sight when it falls, there is a high chance that I will not see that screw again.\nMy question is: what kind of method, tool or hack can I use to find small screws that falls into the floor?\nI have tried using the tool with a magnet on the tip, that mechanics use to grab wrenches that falls in inaccessible areas, but had no luck finding the screw.", + "input": "", + "output": "This is why you should always have spare screws on hand. Fortunately, there is a way:\n\n## Light Method\nMost screws are silver. Shine a flashlight into the carpet and look for little silvery glints. This may take some time, but you'll probably find it. If your carpet is unnaturally thick...\n\n## Magnet Method\nTake a powerful magnet (like a bar magnet, hardware stores - fridge magnets might work) and run it over the surface where you think the screw is. You should find it. If that still fails...\n\n## Vacuum Method\nTake a good vacuum cleaner. Put a sock over the extending arm, and run it over where you think the screw is. The sock will prevent the screw from being vacuumed up, but it will be stuck to the sock. There will still be enough suction to pick up the screw, even with the sock. If not, get a new vacuum! If that fails...\n\n## Organize your screws\nThere are many useful tools to organize screws. Go to your local RadioShack and get one, or make one out of a magnet for that awesome lifehack feel.\n\n## Stop using carpet!\n[Not a "find your screws" method - a tip about not frying your computer]\nCarpet can cause static discharge, which is very very very bad for a computer (personal experience). Work on a hard floor with an antistatic strap to reduce the chance of frying your PC.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the difference between mutex and critical section? Please explain from Linux, Windows perspectives? \nI am programming in C#, would these two terms make a difference. Please post as much as you can, with examples and such....\nThanks", + "input": "", + "output": "From a theoretical perspective, a critical section is a piece of code that must not be run by multiple threads at once because the code accesses shared resources.\n\n* A mutex is an algorithm (and sometimes the name of a data structure) that is used to protect critical sections.\n* Semaphores and Monitors are common implementations of a mutex.\n\nIn practice there are many mutex implementation availiable in windows. They mainly differ as consequence of their implementation by their level of locking, their scopes, their costs, and their performance under different levels of contention. \n\nAvailiable synchronization primitives.\n\n* Monitor\n* Mutex\n* Semaphore\n* ReaderWriterLock\n* ReaderWriterLockSlim\n* Interlocked\n\nThe ```lock(object)``` statement is implemented using a ```Monitor``` - see MSDN for reference.\n\nIn the last years much research is done on non-blocking synchronization. The goal is to implement algorithms in a lock-free or wait-free way. In such algorithms a process helps other processes to finish their work so that the process can finally finish its work. In consequence a process can finish its work even when other processes, that tried to perform some work, hang. Usinig locks, they would not release their locks and prevent other processes from continuing.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the purpose of the single underscore \"_\" variable in Python? What is the meaning of ```_``` after ```for``` in this code?\n```if tbh.bag:\n n = 0\n for _ in tbh.bag.atom_set():\n n += 1\n```", + "input": "", + "output": "```_``` has 3 main conventional uses in Python:\n\n1. To hold the result of the last executed expression in an interactive interpreter session (see docs). This precedent was set by the standard CPython interpreter, and other interpreters have followed suit.\n\n2. For translation lookup in i18n (see the gettext documentation for example), as in code like\n```raise forms.ValidationError(_("Please enter a correct username"))\n```\n\n3. As a general purpose "throwaway" variable name:\n\n* To indicate that part of a function result is being deliberately ignored (Conceptually, it is being discarded.), as in code like:\n```label, has_label, _ = text.partition(':')\n```\n\n* As part of a function definition (using either ```def``` or ```lambda```), where the signature is fixed (e.g. by a callback or parent class API), but this particular function implementation doesn't need all of the parameters, as in code like:\n```def callback(_):\n return True\n```\n\nThis use case can conflict with the translation lookup use case, so it is necessary to avoid using ```_``` as a throwaway variable in any code block that also uses it for i18n translation (many folks prefer a double-underscore, ```__```, as their throwaway variable for exactly this reason).\n\nLinters often recognize this use case. For example ```year, month, day = date()``` will raise a lint warning if ```day``` is not used later in the code. The fix, if ```day``` is truly not needed, is to write ```year, month, _ = date()```. Same with lambda functions, ```lambda arg: 1.0``` creates a function requiring one argument but not using it, which will be caught by lint. The fix is to write ```lambda _: 1.0```. An unused variable is often hiding a bug/typo (e.g. set ```day``` but use ```dya``` in the next line).\n\nThe pattern matching feature added in Python 3.10 elevated this usage from "convention" to "language syntax" where ```match``` statements are concerned: in match cases, ```_``` is a wildcard pattern, and the runtime doesn't even bind a value to the symbol in that case.\n\nFor other use cases, remember that ```_``` is still a valid variable name, and hence will still keep objects alive. In cases where this is undesirable (e.g. to release memory or external resources) an explicit ```del name``` call will both satisfy linters that the name is being used, and promptly clear the reference to the object.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the difference between doing:\n```ptr = malloc (MAXELEMS * sizeof(char *));\n```\nor:\n```ptr = calloc (MAXELEMS, sizeof(char*));\n```\nWhen is it a good idea to use calloc over malloc or vice versa?", + "input": "", + "output": "```calloc()``` gives you a zero-initialized buffer, while ```malloc()``` leaves the memory uninitialized.\nFor large allocations, most ```calloc``` implementations under mainstream OSes will get known-zeroed pages from the OS (e.g. via POSIX ```mmap(MAP_ANONYMOUS)``` or Windows ```VirtualAlloc```) so it doesn't need to write them in user-space. This is how normal ```malloc``` gets more pages from the OS as well; ```calloc``` just takes advantage of the OS's guarantee.\nThis means ```calloc``` memory can still be "clean" and lazily-allocated, and copy-on-write mapped to a system-wide shared physical page of zeros. (Assuming a system with virtual memory.) The effects are visible with performance experiments on Linux, for example.\nSome compilers even can optimize malloc + memset(0) into calloc for you, but it's best to just use calloc in the source if you want zeroed memory. (Or if you were trying to pre-fault it to avoid page faults later, that optimization will defeat your attempt.)\nIf you aren't going to ever read memory before writing it, use ```malloc``` so it can (potentially) give you dirty memory from its internal free list instead of getting new pages from the OS. (Or instead of zeroing a block of memory on the free list for a small allocation).\n\nEmbedded implementations of ```calloc``` may leave it up to ```calloc``` itself to zero memory if there's no OS, or it's not a fancy multi-user OS that zeros pages to stop information leaks between processes.\nOn embedded Linux, malloc could ```mmap(MAP_UNINITIALIZED|MAP_ANONYMOUS)```, which is only enabled for some embedded kernels because it's insecure on a multi-user system.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why would I want to use Kotlin's coroutines? It seems that the RxKotlin library is much more versatile. Kotlin's coroutines look significantly less powerful and more cumbersome to use in comparison. I base my opinion on coroutines on this design talk by Andrey Breslav (JetBrains) Slideshow from the talk is accessible here.", + "input": "", + "output": "Kotlin coroutines are different from Rx. It is hard to compare them apples-to-apples, because Kotlin coroutines are a thin language feature (with just a couple of basic concepts and a few basic functions to manipulate them), while Rx is a pretty heavy library with quite large variety of ready-to-use operators. Both are designed to address a problem of asynchronous programming, however their approach to solution is very different:\n\n* Rx comes with a particular functional style of programming that can be implemented in virtually any programming language without support from the language itself. It works well when the problem at hand easily decomposes into a sequence of standard operators and not so well otherwise.\n* Kotlin coroutines provide a language feature that let library writers implement various asynchronous programming styles, including, but not limited to functional reactive style (Rx). With Kotlin coroutines you can also write your asynchronous code in imperative style, in promise/futures-based style, in actor-style, etc. \n\nIt is more appropriate to compare Rx with some specific libraries that are implemented based on Kotlin coroutines. \nTake kotlinx.coroutines library as one example. This library provides a set of primitives like ```async/await``` and channels that are typically baked into other programming languages. It also has support for light-weight future-less actors. You can read more in the Guide to kotlinx.coroutines by example.\nChannels provided by ```kotlinx.coroutines``` can replace or augment Rx in certain use-cases. There is a separate Guide to reactive streams with coroutines that goes deeper into similarities and differences with Rx. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How do I get a ```PriorityQueue``` to sort on what I want it to sort on?\nAlso, is there a difference between the ```offer``` and ```add``` methods?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Java 8 solution\nWe can use ```lambda expression``` or ```method reference``` introduced in Java 8. In case we have some String values stored in the Priority Queue (having capacity 5) we can provide inline comparator (based on length of String) : \nUsing lambda expression\n```PriorityQueue pq=\n new PriorityQueue(5,(a,b) -> a.length() - b.length());\n```\nUsing Method reference\n```PriorityQueue pq=\n new PriorityQueue(5, Comparator.comparing(String::length));\n```\nThen we can use any of them as:\n```public static void main(String[] args) {\n PriorityQueue pq=\n new PriorityQueue(5, (a,b) -> a.length() - b.length());\n // or pq = new PriorityQueue(5, Comparator.comparing(String::length));\n pq.add(\"Apple\");\n pq.add(\"PineApple\");\n pq.add(\"Custard Apple\");\n while (pq.size() != 0)\n {\n System.out.println(pq.remove());\n }\n }\n```\nThis will print:\n```Apple\nPineApple\nCustard Apple\n```\nTo reverse the order (to change it to max-priority queue) simply change the order in inline comparator or use ```reversed``` as:\n```PriorityQueue pq = new PriorityQueue(5,\n Comparator.comparing(String::length).reversed());\n```\nWe can also use ```Collections.reverseOrder```:\n```PriorityQueue pqInt = new PriorityQueue(10, Collections.reverseOrder());\nPriorityQueue pq = new PriorityQueue(5,\n Collections.reverseOrder(Comparator.comparing(String::length))\n```\nSo we can see that ```Collections.reverseOrder``` is overloaded to take comparator which can be useful for custom objects. The ```reversed``` actually uses ```Collections.reverseOrder```:\n```default Comparator reversed() {\n return Collections.reverseOrder(this);\n}\n```\noffer() vs add()\nAs per the doc \n\n > The offer method inserts an element if possible, otherwise returning false. This differs from the Collection.add method, which can fail to add an element only by throwing an unchecked exception. The offer method is designed for use when failure is a normal, rather than exceptional occurrence, for example, in fixed-capacity (or \"bounded\") queues.\n\nWhen using a capacity-restricted queue, offer() is generally preferable to add(), which can fail to insert an element only by throwing an exception. And PriorityQueue is an unbounded priority queue based on a priority heap.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I've looked in the Apex developer's guide and a saw the Naming Conventions section which has basically only has this:\n\nWe recommend following Java standards for naming, that is, classes start with a capital letter, methods start with a lowercase verb, and variable names should be meaningful.\n\nI'm looking for something more in depth, such as end all Controllers with Controller and their tests with ControllerTest, etc.\nWhat is a good set of naming conventions to use when developing on the Force.com platofrm? It would be preferable if the answer has something that handles custom objects, classes, visualforce pages, and components and not just Apex classes.", + "input": "", + "output": "Follow the CamelCase Java conventions, except for VF pages and components start with a lower case letter.\n\nTriggers:\n* Trigger - The trigger itself. One per object.\n* TriggerHandler - Class that handles all functionality of the trigger\n* TriggerTest\n\nControllers:\n* Controller\n* ControllerExt\n* ControllerTest\n* ControllerExtTest\n\nClasses:\n* \n* Test (These might be Util classes or Service classes or something else).\n\nVisualforce pages and components:\n* [optionalDescription] (without the suffix Controller). There might be multiple views so could also have an extra description suffix.\n\nObject Names and custom Fields\n* Upper_Case_With_Underscores\n\nVariables/properties/methods in Apex\n* camelCaseLikeJava - more easily differentiated from fields\n\nTest methods in test classes\n* test - For example, testSaveOpportunityRequiredFieldsMissing, testSaveOpportunityRequiredFieldsPresent, etc.\n\nWorking on something that would be used as an app or in some cases just a project? If yes, then do the following:\n\nPrefix all custom objects, apex classes, Visualforce pages and components with an abbreviation so that they are easier to identify (e.g., easier for changesets). For example the WidgetFactory app would have the prefix wf on those. Additionally, when adding custom fields to a standard object they would also be prefixed to identify them as part of the app/package.\n\nThe main reason for the Object and Fields Names using Upper_Case_With_Underscores is that when you type in the name field or object with spaces it automatically adds the underscores. Although Apex is case insensitive, always refer to the Objects and Custom Fields in the code as Upper_Case_With_Underscores as well for consistency all around and consistency with what is generated by the SOQL schema browser and other tools. Object and Field Labels (which are generally ignored by code but visible to users) should keep spaces, not underscores.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "When learning some basic French, I was somewhat surprised to learn that phrases of the form \"I have found the cat\" generally translate almost word-for-word from English (J'ai trouvé le chat). To me, it's not immediately obvious that possession (\"I have\"/\"J'ai\") has a correspondence with past tense, although if I think about it a little more I suppose I can kind of see how it makes sense.\nThis makes me wonder: Is this a common pattern in other languages? Especially ones not closely related to English.", + "input": "", + "output": "This is what's called a \"Sprachbund\" feature: it's a trait shared by a bunch of languages in an area, even ones that aren't genetically related. In particular, this one is a feature of the \"Standard Average European\" Sprachbund, a group of languages centered in Western Europe, and it's one of the features that was originally used to define that Sprachbund in the first place!\n\nThe construction seems to have arisen back in Latin. In Classical Latin, past aoristic verbs (\"I loved\") and present perfective verbs (\"I have loved\") look exactly the same: both of those would be written amāvī. But it's a pretty useful distinction to be able to make! So in Vulgar Latin, a new construction arose, using the verb habēre (\"to have\"). It's thought that a phrase like habeō litterās scriptās \"I have (written letters)\" got reanalyzed into \"I (have written) letters\", with habēre no longer indicating that you're actually holding anything in your hands, just that an action's been completed in the past.\n\nVulgar Latin eventually evolved into French, Italian, Spanish, and all the other Romance languages, and brought this construction with it; habēre is the direct ancestor of French avoir, via a series of sound changes. And once various Romance languages and Germanic languages and others were all being spoken in the same area, this feature spread through the Sprachbund: people speaking Germanic languages started to use the same construction. English \"have\"/German haben/etc isn't actually at all related to Latin habēre, but they looked similar, so it was the obvious choice when adopting the construction into Germanic.\n\nNowadays, this feature is called the \"have-perfective\", and it shows up in all sorts of languages within the Standard Average European (SAE) Sprachbund. It's not at all universal, but can be a good way to determine if a language has been influenced by SAE or not!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm building a simple helper script for work that will copy a couple of template files in our code base to the current directory. I don't, however, have the absolute path to the directory where the templates are stored. I do have a relative path from the script but when I call the script it treats that as a path relative to the current working directory. Is there a way to specify that this relative url is from the location of the script instead?", + "input": "", + "output": "Python have already evolve to the ```__future__``` long time ago. So how about using the amazing ```pathlib``` coming with Python 3.4 to accomplish the task instead of struggling with ```os```, ```os.path```, ```glob ```, ```shutil```, etc.\nSo we have 3 paths here (possibly duplicated):\n\n* ```mod_path```: which is the path of the simple helper script\n* ```src_path```: which contains a couple of template files waiting to be copied.\n* ```cwd```: current directory, the destination of those template files.\n\nand the problem is: we don't have the full path of ```src_path```, only know it's relative path to the ```mod_path```.\nNow let's solve this with the the amazing ```pathlib```:\n```# Hope you don't be imprisoned by legacy Python code :)\nfrom pathlib import Path\n# `cwd`: current directory is straightforward\ncwd = Path.cwd()\n# `mod_path`: According to the accepted answer and combine with future power\n# if we are in the `helper_script.py`\nmod_path = Path(__file__).parent\n# OR if we are `import helper_script`\nmod_path = Path(helper_script.__file__).parent\n# `src_path`: with the future power, it's just so straightforward\nrelative_path_1 = 'same/parent/with/helper/script/'\nrelative_path_2 = '../../or/any/level/up/'\nsrc_path_1 = (mod_path / relative_path_1).resolve()\nsrc_path_2 = (mod_path / relative_path_2).resolve()\n```\nIn the future, it's just that simple.\n\nMoreover, we can select and check and copy/move those template files with ```pathlib```:\n```if src_path != cwd:\n # When we have different types of files in the `src_path`\n for template_path in src_path.glob('*.ini'):\n fname = template_path.name\n target = cwd / fname\n if not target.exists():\n # This is the COPY action\n with target.open(mode='wb') as fd:\n fd.write(template_path.read_bytes())\n # If we want MOVE action, we could use:\n # template_path.replace(target)\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to send HTML-formatted email in C#?", + "input": "", + "output": "Setting isBodyHtml to true allows you to use HTML tags in the message body:\n```\nmsg = new MailMessage(\"xxxx@gmail.com\",\n \"yyyy@gmail.com\", \"Message from PSSP System\",\n \"This email sent by the PSSP system
\" +\n \"this is bold text!\");\n\nmsg.IsBodyHtml = true;\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I want to sum a list of Integers. It works as follows, but the syntax does not feel right. Could the code be optimized?\n```Map integers;\nintegers.values().stream().mapToInt(i -> i).sum();\n```", + "input": "", + "output": "This will work, but the `i -> i` is doing some automatic unboxing which is why it \"feels\" strange. `mapToInt` converts the stream to an `IntStream` \"of primitive int-valued elements\". Either of the following will work and better explain what the compiler is doing under the hood with your original syntax:\n```\nintegers.values().stream().mapToInt(i -> i.intValue()).sum();\nintegers.values().stream().mapToInt(Integer::intValue).sum();\n```\nThe other simple option is `BigDecimal sum = numbers.stream().reduce(BigDecimal.ZERO, BigDecimal::add);`.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am beginner of LaTeX. From many examples I found, I notice that it's very common to use command ```\\leavevmode```. I can't find any information about this command. Could anyone tell me what's the function of it and how to use it?", + "input": "", + "output": "The ```\\leavevmode``` is defined by LaTeX and plainTeX and ensures that the vertical mode is ended and horizontal mode is entered. In vertical mode, TeX stacks horizontal boxes vertically, whereas in horizontal mode, they are taken as part of the text line.\nFor example ```\\mbox{..}``` is defined as ```\\leavevmode\\hbox{..}``` to ensure that horizontal mode is entered if it is used at the beginning of a paragraph. If you only use ```\\hbox{ }``` it is stacked above the following paragraph instead.\nCompare:\n```Text\\par\\hbox{Hello} World\n```\nResult:\n``` Text\nHello\n World\n```\nwith:\n```Text\\par\\mbox{Hello} World\n```\nResult:\n``` Text\n Hello World\n```\nYou see that in the first case the ```\\hbox``` is stacked with the two paragraphs vertically (but without paragraph indention) because it is processed in vertical mode. In the second case horizontal mode is entered first and so ```Hello``` is processed as part of the second paragraph.\n\n Use ```\\leavevmode``` for all macros which could be used at the begin of the paragraph and add horizontal boxes by themselves (e.g. in form of text).\n\nFor further reading about ```\\leavevmode``` please see \"The TeXBook\" by Donald E. Knuth, Appendix A, section 13.1, page 313 as well Appendix B, page 356.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In Python specifically, how do variables get shared between threads?\nAlthough I have used ```threading.Thread``` before I never really understood or saw examples of how variables got shared. Are they shared between the main thread and the children or only among the children? When would I need to use thread local storage to avoid this sharing?\nI have seen many warnings about synchronizing access to shared data among threads by using locks but I have yet to see a really good example of the problem. \nThanks in advance!", + "input": "", + "output": "In Python, everything is shared, except for function-local variables (because each function call gets its own set of locals, and threads are always separate function calls.) And even then, only the variables themselves (the names that refer to objects) are local to the function; objects themselves are always global, and anything can refer to them. The `Thread` object for a particular thread is not a special object in this regard. If you store the `Thread` object somewhere all threads can access (like a global variable) then all threads can access that one Thread object. If you want to atomically modify anything that another thread has access to, you have to protect it with a lock. And all threads must of course share this very same lock, or it wouldn't be very effective.\n\nIf you want actual thread-local storage, that's where `threading.local` comes in. Attributes of `threading.local` are not shared between threads; each thread sees only the attributes it itself placed in there. If you're curious about its implementation, the source is in _threading_local.py in the standard library.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I grew up in a country where we were not allowed to leave/travel to an other country even when we were able to do so – we had the resources and dual nationality.\nAfter two decades I still can't figure out why dictators, like Kim Jong-un for example, ban people from leaving their home countries?\nCould it be that a dictator is usually interested in looting the country he rules, and having a smaller population means more natural resources for him and fewer protesters?", + "input": "", + "output": "People are resources, dictators (and oppressive regimes in general) don't want them to defect to other countries because they want them working for their regime. Some of them are going to be people that the regime has put their resources into, like scientists and doctors, but even laborers are valuable for actually gathering and assembling the resources the regime needs. Additionally, the regime especially does not want people with access to sensitive information to defect to their enemies. That isn't just spies and soldiers, there are plenty of \"regular\" government positions that require access to something the regime would not want falling into enemy hands, like economic data that could be used for propaganda. Obviously this is true of any country, and even in democracies with strong human rights records, people with access to classified information are usually required to submit to strict scrutiny of their international travel. Given that they aren't concerned with human rights, dictatorships can take the easier option of restricting travel to any citizens.\nHowever, defection is really a piece of a bigger issue - oppressive regimes maintain their rule in part by controlling information. Here's an interesting article that talks about how dictatorships keep power. Jerrold Post, director of the political psychology program at George Washington University, is referenced:\n\n Post said that in both Iraq and North Korea, dictators tightly controlled the flow of information. That control was upended in the past two years during the \"Arab spring\" revolts that swept away despots in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and some of the Gulf states, revolts that were encouraged in large part by information spread by cell phones and social media. \n\nNorth Korea is probably the most extreme example of information control (according to Reporters without Borders, they are dead last in Press Freedom in the world), but this can be seen in other oppressive regimes - for example, China attempts to limit access to \"wrong\" information via its Great Firewall. This is thrown out the window if citizens go somewhere with free media and realize they are being lied to. Traveling can be the cause of their dissension, rather than a symptom.\nKnown dissidents may also be restricted from traveling so that they can not coordinate with foreign countries or anti-dictatorship organizations, and to prevent them from smuggling contraband or evidence of the regime's misinformation back into the country. Regimes can control the information originating in their country, but once someone is outside their borders the regime cannot control who they speak with.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why can't we kill ourselves by holding our breath?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Short answer\nHealthy people cannot hold their breaths until unconsciousness sets in, let alone commit suicide.\n\n## Background\nAccording to Parkes (2005), a normal person cannot even hold their breath to unconsciousness, let alone death. Parkes says:\n\n Breath‐holding is a voluntary act, but normal subjects appear unable\n to breath‐hold to unconsciousness. A powerful involuntary mechanism\n normally overrides voluntary breath‐holding and causes the breath that\n defines the breakpoint.\n\nParkes explains that voluntary breath‐holding does not stop the central respiratory rhythm. Instead, breath holding merely suppresses its expression by voluntarily holding the chest at a certain volume. At the time of writing, no simple explanation for the break point existed. It is known to be caused by partial pressures of blood gases activating the carotid arterial chemoreceptors. They are peripheral sensory neurons that detect changes in chemical concentrations, including low oxygen (hypoxia) and high carbon dioxide (hypercapnia). Both hypoxia and hypercapnia are signs of breath holding and both are detected by the chemoreceptors. These receptors send nerve signals to the vasomotor center of the medulla which eventually overrides the conscious breath holding.\n\nThe breaking point can be postponed by large lung inflations, hyperoxia and hypocapnia, and it is shortened by increased metabolic rates.\n\nReference\n- Parkes, Exp Physiol (2006); 91(1): 1-15", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Sometimes while driving in the traffic, I come across a car or two which would be dripping water-like drops from its exhaust steadily in 4-5 second intervals. I tried to ask a couple of people at the local workshops; they say, and I quote, "The car is giving an amazing mileage".\nAnd I am like, what does that water dripping mean even then? Why does the water drip? What is the source of it? And what does it signify?", + "input": "", + "output": "It signifies that the car is running absolutely correct. Here is the reason why:\n\nA gasoline (petrol) molecule is made up as such:\n\nC8H18 (or 8 Carbon atoms and 18 Hydrogen atoms)\n\nEnergy is obtained from the combustion of it by the conversion of a hydrocarbon to carbon dioxide and water. The combustion of octane follows this reaction:\n\n 2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2O\n\nOr better said, you have two of the hydrocarbon molecules along with 25 oxygen molecules, they swirl together into a mix, the spark plug ignites them, boom, and out the tail pipe comes 16 carbon dioxide molecules and 18 water molecules ... at least in a perfect world. Some cars don't put out exactly that ratio. There may be a little bit of carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbons (C8H18), and/or nitrogen oxide (NO2) coming out of the engine exhaust port along with the CO2 and H2O. In this case, the catalytic convertor's job is to help clean these up so you can get closer to the perfect ratio described above.\n\nAs described, the water coming out of the tail pipe is a natural occurrence of the combustion process. You will usually see it coming out of the tail pipe when the engine and exhaust system of the vehicle is not completely warmed up. When it does become completely warmed up, you won't see it any more, because it comes out as steam (well, you'll see it in the winter time if it's cold enough, but you get the idea). ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why can't MX records point to an IP address?", + "input": "", + "output": "The whole idea behind the mail exchange (MX) record is to specify a host or hosts which can accept mail for a domain. As specified in RFC 1035, the MX record contains a domain name. It must therefore point to a host which itself can be resolved in the DNS. An IP address could not be used as it would be interpreted as an unqualified domain name, which cannot be resolved.\n\nThe reasons for this in the 1980s, when the specs were originally written, are almost the same as the reasons for it today: A host may be connected to multiple networks and use multiple protocols.\n\nBack in the 80s, it was not uncommon to have mail gateways which connected both to the (relatively new) Internet which used TCP/IP and to other legacy networks, which often used other protocols. Specifying MX in this way allowed for DNS records which could identify how to reach such a host on a network other than the Internet, such as Chaosnet. In practice, though, this almost never happened; virtually everyone re-engineered their networks to become part of the Internet instead.\n\nToday, the situation is that a host may be reached by multiple protocols (IPv4 and IPv6) and by multiple IP addresses in each protocol. A single MX record can't possibly list more than one address, so the only option is to point to a host, where all of that host's addresses can then be looked up. (As a performance optimization, the DNS server will send along the address records for the host in the response additional section if it has authoritative records for them, saving a round trip.)\n\nThere is also the situation that arises when your mail exchangers are provided by a third party (e.g. Google Apps or Office 365). You point your MX records to their hostnames, but it may occur that the service provider needs to change the mail servers' IP addresses. Since you have pointed to a host, the service provider can do this transparently and you don't have to make any changes to your records.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why is ```SELECT *``` bad practice? Wouldn't it mean less code to change if you added a new column you wanted?\nI understand that ```SELECT COUNT(*)``` is a performance problem on some DBs, but what if you really wanted every column?", + "input": "", + "output": "The asterisk character, \"*\", in the SELECT statement is shorthand for all the columns in the table(s) involved in the query. \nPerformance\nThe ```*``` shorthand can be slower because:\n\n* Not all the fields are indexed, forcing a full table scan - less efficient\n* What you save to send ```SELECT *``` over the wire risks a full table scan\n* Returning more data than is needed\n* Returning trailing columns using variable length data type can result in search overhead\n\nMaintenance\nWhen using ```SELECT *```:\n\n* Someone unfamiliar with the codebase would be forced to consult documentation to know what columns are being returned before being able to make competent changes. Making code more readable, minimizing the ambiguity and work necessary for people unfamiliar with the code saves more time and effort in the long run.\n* If code depends on column order, ```SELECT *``` will hide an error waiting to happen if a table had its column order changed.\n* Even if you need every column at the time the query is written, that might not be the case in the future\n* the usage complicates profiling\n\nDesign\n```SELECT *``` is an anti-pattern:\n\n* The purpose of the query is less obvious; the columns used by the application is opaque\n* It breaks the modularity rule about using strict typing whenever possible. Explicit is almost universally better. \n\nWhen Should \"SELECT *\" Be Used?\nIt's acceptable to use ```SELECT *``` when there's the explicit need for every column in the table(s) involved, as opposed to every column that existed when the query was written. The database will internally expand the * into the complete list of columns - there's no performance difference.\nOtherwise, explicitly list every column that is to be used in the query - preferably while using a table alias.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I did my training around the Seattle area, and was told that landing at SeaTac Airport (the region's major International/Commercial airport), while not strictly forbidden, was definitely frowned upon because it can slow down and interfere with the big planes on schedules. To discourage GA aircraft from using the big airport, they have a variety of landing fees, ramp fees, and prior-approval requirements.\nBut later, I moved near MCI, and was told that landing at the big airport was no big deal. That they're actually happy to have little planes there.\nIf you fly small GA planes, do you land at the major airports in your area?\nWhat advanced preparations can you make to minimize your impact on the \"big boys\", and remain a good airspace citizen?", + "input": "", + "output": "Can you? Absolutely, and air traffic control will treat you (almost) like any other airplane. You are supposedly handled on a first-come-first-serve basis (reality is slightly different with different aircraft speeds, etc.). Do the airlines like it if you slow them down? No, but it's part of the system and the way that it works.\n\nVery often, there are multiple runways at bigger airports, and sometimes there are even shorter runways that are dedicated for airplanes that don't need to land on the same one as the \"big boys\". Even if not, they will work you in.\n\nNow, that being said, very often there is a better option. As you said, there are usually high fees at the big airports, so landing at a smaller satellite airport can often save you money and save you time because you won't have to taxi as far or sit and wait in line to get out. An extra 15 minutes by car can be better than an extra 30 minutes while taxiing. \n\nAs far as being prepared, it isn't really much different than smaller airports other than the fact that ATC is much busier. They don't have the time/tolerance to keep repeating instructions to you, and expect you to be \"on your game\". When they rattle off taxi instructions like \"Cessna N1234, taxi to the ramp via Alpha, Tango, Echo, and Xray. Hold short of runway 23.\" they expect a quick readback and for you to follow instructions exactly because they need to move on to the next guy. \n\nIt will also help everyone out if you don't fly your final approach the way that most people are taught for an entire 10 mile final: very close to your actual landing speed. In fact, you are usually landing on a runway that is 4X+ the distance that you need and you can slow down fairly quickly (especially compared to a jet), so if you can fly an extra 20 (or 80) knots as long as possible, it will be greatly appreciated and keep traffic moving. Make sure that you leave yourself enough time to slow down at the end and above all else, ***be safe***.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I need a way to compare multiple strings to a test string and return the string that closely resembles it:\n```TEST STRING: THE BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE RED COW\nCHOICE A : THE RED COW JUMPED OVER THE GREEN CHICKEN\nCHOICE B : THE RED COW JUMPED OVER THE RED COW\nCHOICE C : THE RED FOX JUMPED OVER THE BROWN COW\n```\n(If I did this correctly) The closest string to the \"TEST STRING\" should be \"CHOICE C\". What is the easiest way to do this?\nI plan on implementing this into multiple languages including VB.net, Lua, and JavaScript. At this point, pseudo code is acceptable. If you can provide an example for a specific language, this is appreciated too!", + "input": "", + "output": "Fuzzy String Matching is the process of performing a human-like estimation of the similarity of two words or phrases. In many cases, it involves implementing the Levenshtein distance algorithm, which determines how many changes must be made to a string or phrase to turn it into another string or phrase. The following implementation in VBA involves a weighted comparison of the length of the two phrases, the number of changes between each phrase, and whether each word could be found in the target entry.\n\n```\n'Calculate the Levenshtein Distance between two strings (the number of insertions,\n'deletions, and substitutions needed to transform the first string into the second)\nPublic Function LevenshteinDistance(ByRef S1 As String, ByVal S2 As String) As Long\n Dim L1 As Long, L2 As Long, D() As Long 'Length of input strings and distance matrix\n Dim i As Long, j As Long, cost As Long 'loop counters and cost of substitution for current letter\n Dim cI As Long, cD As Long, cS As Long 'cost of next Insertion, Deletion and Substitution\n L1 = Len(S1): L2 = Len(S2)\n ReDim D(0 To L1, 0 To L2)\n For i = 0 To L1: D(i, 0) = i: Next i\n For j = 0 To L2: D(0, j) = j: Next j\n\n For j = 1 To L2\n For i = 1 To L1\n cost = Abs(StrComp(Mid$(S1, i, 1), Mid$(S2, j, 1), vbTextCompare))\n cI = D(i - 1, j) + 1\n cD = D(i, j - 1) + 1\n cS = D(i - 1, j - 1) + cost\n If cI <= cD Then 'Insertion or Substitution\n If cI <= cS Then D(i, j) = cI Else D(i, j) = cS\n Else 'Deletion or Substitution\n If cD <= cS Then D(i, j) = cD Else D(i, j) = cS\n End If\n Next i\n Next j\n LevenshteinDistance = D(L1, L2)\nEnd Function\n```\n\nWe can creat two separate metrics for evaluating the similarity of two strings. One is \"valuePhrase\" and the other is \"valueWords\". valuePhrase is just the Levenshtein distance between the two phrases, and valueWords splits the string into individual words, based on delimiters such as spaces, dashes, and anything else you'd like, and compares each word to each other word, summing up the shortest Levenshtein distance connecting any two words. Essentially, it measures whether the information in one 'phrase' is really contained in another, just as a word-wise permutation.\n\nvalueWords, valuePhrase, and Split function:\n```\nPublic Function valuePhrase#(ByRef S1$, ByRef S2$)\n valuePhrase = LevenshteinDistance(S1, S2)\nEnd Function\n\nPublic Function valueWords#(ByRef S1$, ByRef S2$)\n Dim wordsS1$(), wordsS2$()\n wordsS1 = SplitMultiDelims(S1, \" _-\")\n wordsS2 = SplitMultiDelims(S2, \" _-\")\n Dim word1%, word2%, thisD#, wordbest#\n Dim wordsTotal#\n For word1 = LBound(wordsS1) To UBound(wordsS1)\n wordbest = Len(S2)\n For word2 = LBound(wordsS2) To UBound(wordsS2)\n thisD = LevenshteinDistance(wordsS1(word1), wordsS2(word2))\n If thisD < wordbest Then wordbest = thisD\n If thisD = 0 Then GoTo foundbest\n Next word2\nfoundbest:\n wordsTotal = wordsTotal + wordbest\n Next word1\n valueWords = wordsTotal\nEnd Function\n\n''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''\n' SplitMultiDelims\n' This function splits Text into an array of substrings, each substring\n' delimited by any character in DelimChars. Only a single character\n' may be a delimiter between two substrings, but DelimChars may\n' contain any number of delimiter characters. It returns a single element\n' array containing all of text if DelimChars is empty, or a 1 or greater\n' element array if the Text is successfully split into substrings.\n' If IgnoreConsecutiveDelimiters is true, empty array elements will not occur.\n' If Limit greater than 0, the function will only split Text into 'Limit'\n' array elements or less. The last element will contain the rest of Text.\n''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''\nFunction SplitMultiDelims(ByRef Text As String, ByRef DelimChars As String, _\n Optional ByVal IgnoreConsecutiveDelimiters As Boolean = False, _\n Optional ByVal Limit As Long = -1) As String()\n Dim ElemStart As Long, N As Long, M As Long, Elements As Long\n Dim lDelims As Long, lText As Long\n Dim Arr() As String\n\n lText = Len(Text)\n lDelims = Len(DelimChars)\n If lDelims = 0 Or lText = 0 Or Limit = 1 Then\n ReDim Arr(0 To 0)\n Arr(0) = Text\n SplitMultiDelims = Arr\n Exit Function\n End If\n ReDim Arr(0 To IIf(Limit = -1, lText - 1, Limit))\n\n Elements = 0: ElemStart = 1\n For N = 1 To lText\n If InStr(DelimChars, Mid(Text, N, 1)) Then\n Arr(Elements) = Mid(Text, ElemStart, N - ElemStart)\n If IgnoreConsecutiveDelimiters Then\n If Len(Arr(Elements)) > 0 Then Elements = Elements + 1\n Else\n Elements = Elements + 1\n End If\n ElemStart = N + 1\n If Elements + 1 = Limit Then Exit For\n End If\n Next N\n 'Get the last token terminated by the end of the string into the array\n If ElemStart <= lText Then Arr(Elements) = Mid(Text, ElemStart)\n 'Since the end of string counts as the terminating delimiter, if the last character\n 'was also a delimiter, we treat the two as consecutive, and so ignore the last elemnent\n If IgnoreConsecutiveDelimiters Then If Len(Arr(Elements)) = 0 Then Elements = Elements - 1\n\n ReDim Preserve Arr(0 To Elements) 'Chop off unused array elements\n SplitMultiDelims = Arr\nEnd Function\n```\n\nUsing these two metrics, and a third which simply computes the distance between two strings, we have a series of variables which we can run an optimization algorithm to achieve the greatest number of matches. Fuzzy string matching is, itself, a fuzzy science, and so by creating linearly independent metrics for measuring string similarity, and having a known set of strings we wish to match to each other, we can find the parameters that, for our specific styles of strings, give the best fuzzy match results.\n\nTo allow the optimization of fuzzy matching, we can weight each metric. The formula that defines the final score is a simply combination of the metrics and their weights: \n```\nvalue = Min(phraseWeight*phraseValue, wordsWeight*wordsValue)*minWeight\n + Max(phraseWeight*phraseValue, wordsWeight*wordsValue)*maxWeight\n + lengthWeight*lengthValue\n```\n\nFor your specific context, you have to come up with a set of weights for any metrics you come up with to determine similarity. With the appropriate set of heuristics and weights, you'll have your comparison program quickly making the decisions that you would have made.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Given the following code:\n```var arr = [1,2,3,4,5];\nvar results: number[] = await arr.map(async (item): Promise => {\n await callAsynchronousOperation(item);\n return item + 1;\n });\n```\nwhich produces the following error:\n\n TS2322: Type 'Promise[]' is not assignable to type 'number[]'.\n Type 'Promise is not assignable to type 'number'.\n\nHow can I fix it? How can I make ```async await``` and ```Array.map``` work together?", + "input": "", + "output": "The problem here is that you are trying to ```await``` an array of promises rather than a Promise. This doesn't do what you expect.\nWhen the object passed to ```await``` is not a Promise, ```await``` simply returns the value as-is immediately instead of trying to resolve it. So since you passed ```await``` an array (of Promise objects) here instead of a Promise, the value returned by await is simply that array, which is of type ```Promise[]```.\nWhat you probably want to do is call ```Promise.all``` on the array returned by ```map``` in order to convert it to a single Promise before ```await```ing it.\nAccording to the MDN docs for ```Promise.all```:\n\nThe ```Promise.all(iterable)``` method returns a promise that resolves\nwhen all of the promises in the iterable argument have resolved, or\nrejects with the reason of the first passed promise that rejects.\n\nSo in your case:\n```var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];\nvar results: number[] = await Promise.all(arr.map(async (item): Promise => {\n await callAsynchronousOperation(item);\n return item + 1;\n}));\n```\nThis will resolve the specific error you are encountering here.\nDepending on exactly what it is you're trying to do you may also consider using ```Promise.allSettled```, ```Promise.any```, or ```Promise.race``` instead of ```Promise.all```, though in most situations (almost certainly including this one) ```Promise.all``` will be the one you want.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why don't helicopters use reaction wheels to counter the main rotor?", + "input": "", + "output": "You're talking about a device (in helicopters the tail fan imparting horizontal thrust) that counteracts the torque imparted on the main rotor (and therefore on the helicopter) by the surrounding air as the main rotor is dragged through the air.\n\nYou propose instead to impart an opposite torque through a reaction wheel. That would indeed impart an opposite torque for short lengths of time. However, you don't get a torque from spinning a reaction wheel at constant angular velocity but by changing and accelerating that angular velocity.\n\nNow the torque imparted on the helicopter by the air through the main rotor is steady - or at least its of roughly constant direction. Therefore, to counter that torque, the reaction wheel would have to accelerated uniformly and indefinitely. Clearly this is impossible from an engineering standpoint.\n\nYou can also think of this from a conservation of angular momentum, without thinking about the origin of the torques. The air imparts a steady angular impulse to the helicopter. Therefore, the helicopter system's angular momentum must increase steadily (unless there's a countering torque from the tailfan). So either that angular momentum is the spinning of the helicopter's body (which is what we're trying to avoid) or that of the reaction wheel, whose angular momentum must be steadily increasing under the action of the angular impulse to the system.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "When configuring cron to run a command every other day using the \"Day of Month\" field, like so: \n```1 22 */2 * * COMMAND\n```\nit runs every time the day of month is odd: 1,3,5,7,9 and so on.\nHow can I configure cron to run on days of month that are even like 2,6,8,10 and so on (without specifying it literally, which is problematic as every month has a different number of days in the month)?", + "input": "", + "output": "The syntax you tried is actually ambiguous. Depending on how many days are in the month, some months it will run on odd days and some on even. This is because the way it is calculated takes the total number of possibilities and divides them up. You can override this strage-ish behavior by manually specifying the day range and using either an odd or even number of days. Since even day scripts would never run on the 31st day of longer months, you don't lose anything using 30 days as the base for even-days, and by specifying specifically to divide it up as if there were 31 days you can force odd-day execution.\n\nThe syntax would look like this:\n```# Will only run on odd days:\n0 0 1-31/2 * * command\n# Will only run on even days:\n0 0 2-30/2 * * command\n```\n\nYour concern about months not having the same number of days is not important here because no months have MORE days than this, and for poor February, the date range just won't ever match the last day or two, but it will do no harm having it listed.\n\nThe only 'gotcha' for this approach is that if you are on an odd day cycle, following months with 31 days your command will also run on the first of the month. Likewise if you are forcing an even cycle, each leap year will cause one three-day cycle at the end of February. You cannot really get around the fact that any regular pattern of \"every other day\" is not always going to fall on even or odd days in every month and any way you force this you will either have an extra run or be missing a run between months with mismatched day counts.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is there a way to have a private setter for a property in TypeScript?\n```class Test\n{\n private _prop: string;\n public get prop() : string\n {\n return this._prop;\n }\n private set prop(val: string)\n {\n //can put breakpoints here\n this._prop = val;\n }\n}\n```\nCompiler complains that visibility for getter and setter don't match. I know I can just set the backing field, but but then I can't set breakpoints when the value is set.\nI though about using an interface to hide the setter, but interfaces can only define a property, not whether it has a getter on setter.\nAm I missing something here? There doesn't seem to be any reason to not allow private setters, the resulting JS doesn't enforce visibility anyway, and seems better that the current alternatives.\nAm I missing something? If not is there a good reason for no private setters?", + "input": "", + "output": "The TypeScript specification (8.4.3) says\"\n\n Accessors for the same member name must specify the same accessibility\n\nSo you have to choose a suitable alternative. Here are two options for you:\nYou can just not have a setter, which means only the ```Test``` class is able to set the property. You can place a breakpoint on the line ```this._prop =...```.\n```class Test\n{\n private _prop: string;\n public get prop() : string\n {\n return this._prop;\n }\n doSomething() {\n this._prop = 'I can set it!';\n }\n}\nvar test = new Test();\ntest._prop = 'I cannot!';\n```\nProbably the ideal way to ensure private access results in something akin to a \"notify property changed\" pattern can be implemented is to have a pair of private get/set property accessors, and a separate public get property accessor.\n\nYou still need to be cautious about someone later adding a direct call to the backing field. You could get creative in that area to try and make it less likely.\n```class Test\n{\n private _nameBackingField: string;\n private get _name() : string\n {\n return this._nameBackingField;\n }\n private set _name(val: string)\n {\n this._nameBackingField = val;\n // other actions... notify the property has changed etc\n }\n public get name(): string {\n return this._name;\n }\n doSomething() {\n this._name += 'Additional Stuff';\n }\n}\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "When learning vocabulary, especially with the use of SRS (Spaced Repetition System), it is interesting to use flashcards. A commonly encountered problem is how to formulate those for maximum efficiency.\nHow does learning vocabulary through sentences, thus giving context to the used words, compare to learning to recognize words alone? For example, the context may give away the meaning of the problematic vocabulary. Are there studies or expert opinions on one approach being preferable to the other at different stages of language learning? Or is it recommended that they be mixed for best results?", + "input": "", + "output": "It's usually best to avoid dichotomies like \"Is strategy X better or strategy Y better?\". In most cases, strategies are not mutually exclusive but complementary. \n\nWith vocabulary learning, using just one strategy is probably the least efficient. This is because every strategy has certain strengths (certain skills it builds well) and certain weaknesses (skills it doesn't cover well)- and if you keep using one strategy, you'll be only focusing on the strengths (but with diminishing returns), and not addressing the weaknesses.\n\nUsing flashcards helps you establish word-to-meaning equivalences quickly, but it usually does so with a shallow meaning, ignoring the breadth of meaning that words usually have. It also ignores the contextual subtleties of the word, and the knowledge is not always retained long-term. \n\nIt's best to combine flashcards with other strategies that will help you see how the word is used in context, show you the variety of meanings it can have (and doesn't have), see what collocations the word has, etc. One way of doing this is by reading examples of the word and writing your own sample sentences. Another important thing is to be exposed to the word in natural settings - so it's important to read a lot so that you'll encounter the words you've learnt naturally.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can I spend the night alone in a tent in a forest outside Stockholm in -20°C without risking my life?\n\nThe backstory\nFrom the end of January, I'm starting my studies in a suburb of Stockholm. I've decided to, if it turns out plausible, not rent an apartment, but live in a tent. (This is not out of frugality, but out of a will to try something new.)\nI do have friends who I could visit once a week or so to prepare food and wash my clothes, so I think I can solve the practical problems, or at least those that I've come to think of. I'd camp in one of the forests, maybe 1 km from \"civilisation\". I'd have access to showers etc at university every day.\nHowever: I don't want to freeze to death in my sleep! That's very important to me. I've read that the nights can get as cold as -20°C (-4°F). With the proper preparations, would this be a plausible way of living, at least for a month or so?\nI do have camping experience, and have been hiking for three weeks, but only in summer.", + "input": "", + "output": "Yes, it is definitely doable. -20°C is only -4°F. The real question is whether it is doable by you at the level of discomfort and hassle you are willing to put up with. Only you can answer that. At best we can point out what the hassles and discomforts will be.\n\nFirst, your fear of dying of cold in your sleep is silly. You'd have to do something pretty stupid to die of hypothermia, and even that's not going to happen when you're inside the sleeping bag. The main danger will be from frostbite, but that again would largely need stupidity to help it along, although that's easier to do than outright death from hypothermia.\n\nYour tent will be a long term fixed installation you set up once at a time and conditions of your choosing. You can therefore afford a larger and heavier tent with more stuff you bring in once. Definitely get a tent you can stand upright in. That will make changing clothes much quicker and more comfortable. Since you should be able to keep water out of the tent, get a nice down sleeping bag and a few light blankets. The down bag should be rated for most nights, then put the blankets on top for the few unusually cold nights. Since again weight is not really a issue, get a full sleeping bag, not a mummy bag. They are simply more comfortable. Get a good insulating pad, and another two as backup. Get a tent large enough to fit your sleeping bag and something to sit on next to it, like a folding chair. Put something under the legs to spread out the weight to that they don't hurt the tent floor. Get one of those rubber-backed mats people sometimes put just inside their doors and put it just inside your tent. That allows a place to step with boots still on, then you can sit down on the chair with boots still on the mat to take them off. The crud stays on the mat, which you can shake clean by reaching outside after having put on your down hut booties.\n\nSome things are going to be a hassle. At -4°F you want to keep your gloves on whenever possible, but some tasks will be difficult that way. You end up taking your gloves on and off a lot, trading off efficiency with cold fingers. Get a pair of polypro glove liners. They are thin and still allow many tasks to be done, but provide at least a little insulation. Their main advantage is that any metal you touch won't immediately conduct the heet from your hand away. Touching bare metal at -4°F is a good way to get frostbite.\n\nBe prepared for some discomfort no matter what equipment you have. The toughest part will be getting yourself out of the sleeping bag in the morning. You'll really have to will yourself to leave the warm comfort of the bag and get into the air at probably the coldest part of the day. At some point you'll have to change your clothes and get undressed in the process. That's going to be cold. It won't be cold long enough to be any real danger, so it's really a mindset issue to get over. Whether you can or not and are willing to push yourself in that way only you can say.\n\nYou say you have access to heated buildings during the day, so it would make things a lot simpler for you if you don't have to deal with cooking and eating at your camp. Perparing food outside in the cold takes a lot longer than in a heated kitchen, severly limits what you can do, and may also risk predator encounters depending on what is around your area in the winter.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why is the volt not identical to the full name Volta, unlike the other electrical units ohm, ampere, coulomb, tesla, weber and henry? Is there a historical explanation, was the volt introduced at a different time?", + "input": "", + "output": "The volt, ohm and farad were introduced by the same person, Latimer Clark, a cable engineer, in a paper in 1861. He started the tradition of naming units after scientists. He initially distorted all names: the unit names ohma, volt, galvat (from Galvani), and farad (from Faraday). In his words, he \"neglected etymological rules\". \n\nIn that same year, a committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science began developing a coherent system of electrical units, the cgs system. Varley, a committee member, liked Clark's proposal, but he advocated adding a French name such as Ampere, to facilitate the international acceptance of the new units (\"I should like to introduce a French name into the list. We have Germany, England and Italy represented\"). For the same reason he may have pleaded for not distorting the French and German names. In addition, Varley objected to the galvat \"because Galvani discovered next to nothing\".\n\nLatimer Clark adapted the unit names in his 'Elementary treatise on electrical measurement' (1868). He changed ohma to ohm, and dropped the galvat. Maxwell acknowledged Clark's practical units and their names in his 'Treatise on electricity and magnetism' (1873). In 1881, at the International Electrical Congress in Paris), two French names, ampere and coulomb, were added. The diplomacy worked, and the new system of electrical units was adopted by all countries. The only units that kept the initial name distortion were the volt and the farad.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "We can define cross products mathematically like if we take two vectors, we can find another vector with certain properties but why do we use it in physics, if we consider a hypothetical physical quantity like force which is equal to cross product of certain vectors?\n\n For example, the force exerted on a charge in motion in an uniform magnetic field.\n\nWhy is it so? Why does that force have to be a cross product of two vectors?\nIs it possible to come up with them when what we do is just observe the nature?", + "input": "", + "output": "This is a great question. The dot and cross products seem very mysterious when they are first introduced to a new student. For example, why does the scalar (dot) product have a cosine in it and the vector (cross) product have a sine, rather than vice versa? And why do these same two very non-obvious ways of \"multiplying\" vectors together arise in so many different contexts?\n\nThe fundamental answer (which unfortunately may not be very accessible if you're a new student) is that there are only two algebraically independent tensors that are invariant under arbitrary rotations in $n$ dimensions (we say that they are \"$\\mathrm{SO}(n)$ invariant\"). These are the Kronecker delta $\\delta_{ij}$ and the Levi-Civita symbol $\\epsilon_{ijk \\cdots}$. Contracting two vectors with these symbols yields the dot and cross products, respectively (the latter only works in three dimensions). Since the laws of physics appear to be isotropic (i.e. rotationally invariant), it makes sense that any physically useful method for combining physical quantities like vectors together should be isotropic as well. The dot and cross products turn out to be the only two possible multilinear options.\n\nWhy multilinear maps are so useful in physics is an even deeper and more fundamental question, but which answers to that question are satisfying is probably inherently a matter of opinion.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have a web project in my solution file that is \"unavailable\" when I open the solution. When I right-click on the web project and reload the project, I get the following error:\n```\nThe Web Application Project mycompany.myapp.mywebproject is configured to use IIS. The Web Server 'http://localhost/MyWebApp could not be found.\n```\nI have not manually set up virtual directories for this web application. \nPer colleagues, Visual Studio should prompt me to create virtual directories but I am not getting prompted. \nI installed VS2010 before installing IIS on my dev machine. \nHere is my development machine setup:\n\n* Windows 7 Enterprise\n* Service Pack 1\n* 64 bit OS\n* Visual Studio 2010 Enterprise Service pack 1\n* IIS version 7.5\n", + "input": "", + "output": "When this happens the easiest solution is to make the virtual directory manually.\n\nFirst of all, you need to make sure you have the right version of ASP.Net installed and that you have installed the IIS extensions.\nTo do this, go to the relevant .net version's folder in C:\\(Windows)\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework\\(dotnetver)\\\n (substituting the bracketed folders for the right folders on your PC) and run this command\n```aspnet_regiis.exe -i\n```\nNext once that's run and finished, sometimes running\n```iisreset\n```\nfrom the command line helps, sometimes you don't need to.\n\nNext, go to your IIS Manager and find you localhost website and choose add a folder.\nBrowse to the folder in your project that contains the actual ASP.Net project and add that.\n\nFinally, right click on the folder you added and you should have an option that says 'convert to application' or 'create virtual directory' or something similar.\n\nPlease make sure the Virtual directory has the name 'MyWebApp'!! Reload your solution and it should work.\n\nGood luck!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why is it hard to draw people running in animes?", + "input": "", + "output": "The walk cycle is considered to be one of the most basic aspects of animation. American animators and animation enthusiasts often times scorn the Japanese styles and methods of animation as lazy, while Japanese anime enthusiasts deride the American style as clunky or too comical.\n\nWhy is that you ask? The answer lies in how these countries distribute their budget and time. \n\nWhile American animation often times may seem lacking in it's attention to detail, it makes up for it the quality of their animation. American animation often times meticulous and original in how they animate motion, though sometimes content is reused cyclically, the animation is painstakingly frame by frame. \n\nIn contrast, Japanese anime uses a lot of shortcuts (to save budget and meet deadlines). Typically long scenes feature only the mouth of a character (and maybe other minor features like a waving hair or glittering eyes) moving during delivery of key information/dialog, or the short burst of motion of some character in some an action pose against an animated, cyclic, and stylized background (I'm looking at you transformation scenes). Often times these uses of dramatic still-shots are done against patterned (or static illustrated) backgrounds, sometimes a few moving emotive icons (sweat drops, question marks, small chibi animated heads) will accompany a some sort of monologue. Admittedly both styles of animation reuse shots and sequences, but it's more noticeable in Japanese anime for various reason (e.g., not enough budget and/or manpower). This is why Japanese anime is typically labeled as \"lazy\" by American animators and enthusiasts.\n\nA typical walk cycle in animation consists of 8 keyframes typically:\n\nThe smoothness of an animation is typically determined by the framerate and amount of key frames in the animation. \nIn American animation, the animation is captured by shooting two frames of film per drawing at a rate of 24 frames per second (fps) to achieve the smooth motion of American animation. \nJapanese anime, while it also runs at an average 24 fps, typically captures their animation at a rate of three or four frames per drawing in order to save money and manpower. Though it varies depending on the studio and tools used (e.g 3DCG) with main objects in the foreground (typically characters) are animated at 8 to 12 fps, while background objects can be animated at as low as 6 to 8 fps.\n\nLets compare the difference between one walk cycle that is 8 frame to one that is 16 frames, both at 60 fps:\n \nNotice the 16 frame one is smoother, but slower while the 8 frame is faster, but choppier. This is because it takes the 16 frame animation twice as long, covering more frames, to go through one cycle than the 8 frame one.\nThe varying of frame rates can also be be used to depict the expansion and compression of time (think bullet time from The Matrix). However generally choppy animation is the result of not enough keyframes in your animation. More frames mean more and manpower and/or time, which ultimately means more money is required. Japanese anime production don't typically have as big of a budget compared to American productions (but there are exceptions), so they must make do with what they have and cut corners where they can (like Shaft did with the certain Bakemonogatari TV episodes).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Malachi 4:5: \n\n I will send you the prophet Elijah. He will come before the day of the Lord arrives. It will be a great and terrifying day\n\nJesus says in Matthew 11:14\n\n \"and if you are willing to believe their message, John is Elijah, whose coming was predicted\"\n\nJesus says in Mathew 17:12\n\n But I tell you, Elijah has already come, and they did not recognize him, but have done to him everything they wished. In the same way the Son of Man is going to suffer at their hands.”\n\nIt's pretty clear from the above verses that John was Elijah reincarnated.\nWouldn't the above verses imply that reincarnation is true? ", + "input": "", + "output": "Faulty Premise #1: John the Baptist was a reincarnation of Elijah\n\nWhen Jesus asked Peter who people said he was, he answered that some people thought that Jesus was Elijah come back. Peter knew better and said Jesus was the Christ. In any event, John the Baptist himself directly denied the claim (see John 1:19-21). \nWhat Jesus more likely was saying in Matthew 11 is that John the Baptist was a prophet in the tradition of Elijah. Elijah was the greatest of the prophets (even if his disciple Elisha inherited a double portion of his spirit). All of the prophets that followed came in the name and spirit of Elijah, in the same way that some of Paul's letters apparently were created after his death. They were in the spirit and tradition even if not the actual man. \nNote also Elijah never died - he was taken up into heaven, and people thought he would return. As such, no Elijah was not being thought to have reincarnated- only returned. Elijah's return was long a part of Jewish custom. Even today, during a Passover sedar, a chair is left empty for Elijah. But again, since he did not die, Jews look for his return, not his reincarnation. \n\nFaulty Premise #2: The Jewish world view has any concept of reincarnation at all\n\nThe most basic rule of hermeneutics suggests that a text cannot mean what it could not mean to the original audience. If the Jews had no concept of reincarnation, then any interpretation that says it does has a very, very high bar to clear.\nIn his book The Gift of the Jews, Thomas Cahill advances the thesis that the primary distinctive philosophy of the Jews was precisely that history was not circular. Their linear idea of a human life was a departure from others and was an explicit rejection of reincarnation. As such, a text would need to be exceedingly explicit to a culture that rejected circular life patterns, and the obscure interpretation above (especially in light of the more obvious intepretation) simply doesn't hold water.\nFurthermore, the book of Hebrews - written to the people into which both Jesus and John the Baptist were born - explicitly reject reincarnation. As the writer points out in 9:27, \n\n It is appointed unto a man once to die and then the judgement.\n\nHere we do have an explicit rejection of reincarnation by the followers of Jesus. There is one death. There is one judgement. Hence, in any Christian worldview, you don't come back.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I see hugely varied performance depending on how many newlines there are in the file I'm visiting.\nHere's an example. I have two JSON files:\n```$ wget https://github.com/Wilfred/ReVo-utilities/blob/a4bdc40dd2656c496defc461fc19c403c8306d9f/revo-export/dictionary.json?raw=true -O one_line.json\n$ python -m json.tool pretty_printed.json\n```\nThese are two JSON files with the same content. ```one_line.json``` is 18MiB of JSON without any newlines. ```pretty_printed.json``` has newlines and whitespace added, making it 41MiB.\nHowever, the bigger file split over many lines is much faster to open in Emacs, both in Javascript mode and Fundamental mode.\nWhy does Emacs have such poor performance with long lines, since it's actually fewer bytes? Is there anything I can do to improve performance without reformatting the data outside of Emacs?", + "input": "", + "output": "Emacs' handling of long lines is not very well optimized. For a number of operations, Emacs has to scan the whole line repeatedly. For example, to display a line, Emacs has to figure out the height of the line, which requires scanning the whole line to find the tallest glyph. Additionally, scanning for bidirectional display eats up a lot of time. You can get some additional information in, for example, the docstring of ```cache-long-line-scans``` (renamed ```cache-long-scans``` in 24.4).\n\nYou can try and see if setting ```bidi-paragraph-direction``` to ```left-to-right``` and setting ```bidi-inhibit-bpa``` (new in Emacs 27, see footnote 1) to ```t``` improves the speed for you (see footnote 2). This removes some significant contributors to line scans, but sadly not the only ones.\n\nThe best option is to add newlines. You can pipe a JSON file through e.g. ```python -c 'import json, sys ; json.dump(json.load(sys.stdin), sys.stdout, indent=2)'``` to add newlines and improve readability in general.\n\nFootnote 1: ```bidi-inhibit-bpa``` is new in Emacs 27. Setting it to ```t``` can have a noticeable (sometimes dramatic) effect in cases where (a) a physical line is very long, and (b) the line includes many parentheses and/or braces, especially if they are nested.\nFootnote 2: There is also ```bidi-display-reordering```, but this is only for internal/debugging purposes. Setting it to ```nil``` may improve performance, however that is an unsupported setting which may cause other problems, so it is not recommended. In Emacs 27, the combination of setting ```bidi-paragraph-direction``` and ```bidi-inhibit-bpa``` is a supported configuration which provides approximately the same performance boost.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Sooner or later we come across a task in our project, with which we are totally unfamiliar ('we' as in PM, but also possibly the staff assigned to do this particular task). \nHow can we estimate amount of time/work/resources needed to complete such a task? What margins of error should we assume?", + "input": "", + "output": "Don't place too much confidence on your first guess just because you've used a sophisticated formula to derive your estimate. Do your best, move on, plan to revise your estimate, don't let bad estimates linger and destroy the discipline of your project schedule ... errors in time estimates are likely to be lognormally distributed... use a method that incorporates an optimistic guess, a pessimistic guess and heavily weights your best guess. \n\nEstimate, test, check, then revise and update your project schedule. The third or fourth revision of the estimates is usually about as accurate as you can hope for; your second estimate is far better than your first guess ... if possible, try to get a measure from an early trial of a similar or analogous task ... revise the estimate and revise your plan as soon as better data becomes available. \n\nIf your first estimate was too conservative, don't allow slack time to corrupt completion of succeeding tasks. If your first estimate was overly optimistic, make your adjustments EARLY and let your stakeholders and customers know. It's more important to be good at following up, to check your estimates and to competently communicate updates than it is to be a develop skill as an estimator of unfamiliar tasks.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why is Nazi-Germany commonly referred to as \"The Third Reich\" in English? Why is reich not translated when Dritten (\"third\") is?\nAnd what is the English synonym of reich? Realm?\nAustria (Republik Österreich), Norway (Kongeriket Norge) and Sweden (Konungariket Sverige) all have reich (or the Norwegian/Swedish corresponding etymology related word) in their name and they all have English translations of their name.", + "input": "", + "output": "Although English historians have defined Reich as being a strictly German concept of sovereign rule, in the German language itself it means \"Empire\". In English, we speak of the Holy Roman Empire; in German, it is the HRR or \"Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation\". \n\nWiktionary quotes Busching, who in 1762 explained Reich as a German understanding of \"Eminence\", from the Latin Regnum, rather than an Empire or a Realm as other cultures would understand it. \n\nOne could see it as a word used in English, Russian, Portuguese and many other languages as a designation for any kind of German kingdom, empire or absolutism, similar to how one would address a foreigner according to their origin, e.g. Senor Martinez, Monsieur Aragon.\n\nCompare it to how many cultures, including the Germans, also use the word \"Commonwealth\" or \"Soviet Union\", despite the fact that Bavaria had formed its own Union of Soviets, the Räterepublik, during the Weimar Republic.\n\nIf you're interested in knowing when the word \"Third Reich\" came into usage, it is worth noting that during Fascist Germany, the country's official name was Das Deutsche Reich, and in the USA and UK it was usually referred to as Germany, Hitler's Germany, Berlin, Reich or, the most popular term, Nazi Germany. \n\n(Sources: Neville Chamberlain's declaration of war against Germany, headlines about Germany in newspapers like the NY Times or the Times, the Daily Mail's Lord Rothermere)\n\nIn Germany itself, the idea of a third Reich stemmed from the 19th century, where it was a popular philosophical theme in literature and theology. Writers like Johannes Schlaf, who wrote \"Das Dritte Reich\" in 1899, or the German translator of Ibsen's \"The Emperor and the Galilean\", popularized the idea of the imminent arrival of a thousand years of Christianity (a kind of positive apocalypse), which would follow a third \"Reich\". And they would quote Paul the Apostle and various saints, to make it clear that the third Reich would follow the heretic lex naturalis and the lex mosaica. \n\nNazi propagandists exploited this in their articles, making it sound as if the saints had had some sort of epiphany about Hitler and the Nazis.\n\nIn other words, the Third Reich began as an abstract idea of a Christian revolution, but was assumed by Nazi writers in order to bolster Hitler's popularity and justify the drastic and bloody decisions that the Fascist government was making.\n\nIn one of the earliest examples of the Third Reich being mentioned outside of Germany, Major Strasser in the film Casablanca talks about the Third Reich as if it was just the beginning to a kind of paradisaical future or of a fourth Reich.\n\nAfter 1945, the term was used exclusively to associate only to the unsuccessful reign of Fascism in Germany, and it ceased as a philosophical or theological idea in German literary circles.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "If we fold a paper and then apply pressure on the newly formed crease, it seems that the paper's surface gets a permanent deformation but what exactly has happened to the paper at a molecular scale?", + "input": "", + "output": "Basically, a fold or crease in paper will remain because the structure of the fibers in the paper have become irreversibly damaged. This happens because the paper is bent/compressed beyond its elastic limit.\n\nChemically, paper is mainly composed of cellulose from plant fibers. Cellulose is an organic polymer, which has D-glucose units connected through hydrogen bonds. These bonds form between the oxygen atom of the one-hydroxyl group belonging to the glucose and the hydrogen atom of the next glucose unit. These are microscopic properties of paper, but to understand what happens when we fold paper or do Origami, it is sufficient to learn what is happening macroscopically.\n\nAll materials have what is called an elastic limit and a plastic region. The elastic limit is the point at which a material will bend but still return to its original position without any permanent change or damage to its structure. Further deforming the material beyond this limit takes it to its plastic region. At this point any structural or physical changes become permanent and the paper will not return to its original form.\n\nEvery material has a different elastic limit or yield, and plastic region. Imagine holding a piece of paper slightly bent but not folding or creasing it. The plant fibers that make up the paper will not have exceeded their elastic limit. So as soon as you let go of the paper sheet it will quickly return to its noncreased original flat state. However, if you were to roll that piece of paper into a cylinder and hold it for a few minutes, some of these fibers will be pushed beyond the elastic limit which is evident since it will not lie flat anymore since slight deformations have occurred in this sheet.\n\nNow, when you properly fold a piece of paper as you would during Origami, the plant fibers along the crease are pushed into the plastic region of the paper, causing a fracture point at the actual line of the fold. A practical example of this is if you were to fold a piece of paper, you will note that if you stretch the paper evenly on both sides of the fold, the paper will tear right on the fold (a quick way to "cut" paper if you have no scissors). The fold then becomes an irreversible structural failure and the fibers in the paper will never regain their original state.\n\nBecause of this damage to its structure, the paper will from then on have this fold. And no matter how hard you try to flatten out the fold it will never return to its original state. This is why Origami models continually retain their shape.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In general, there are two types of syntax of defining functions - Something like C, C++, C#, or Java (```int functionName(char arg)```) vs the ML (and others) tradition of defining the return type after the function (and using something like a ```fun``` keyword to define a function - like ```fun functionName(char arg): int```).\nOne of the advantages (for the parser, at least) for a ```fun``` keyword is that it lets the parser be context-free (it doesn't have to guess if ```int``` defines a variable or if it defines a function).\nWhen C was invented, computers had very little memory and speed (so little, that the reason C requires one to define all the variables in the beginning of the function was because it had to be a one-pass parser). Why didn't they choose the simple way out and use function defining keyword?", + "input": "", + "output": "Dennis Ritchie’s paper on The Development of the C Language gives some idea of the reasoning behind this: namely, the fundamental rule in C that declaration syntax should match expression syntax\"\n\nFor each object of such a composed type, there was already a way to mention the underlying object: index the array, call the function, use the indirection operator on the pointer. Analogical reasoning led to a declaration syntax for names mirroring that of the expression syntax in which the names typically appear. Thus,\n```int i, *pi, **ppi;\n```\ndeclare an integer, a pointer to an integer, a pointer to a pointer to an integer. The syntax of these declarations reflects the observation that ```i```, ```*pi```, and ```**ppi``` all yield an ```int``` type when used in an expression. Similarly,\n```int f(), *f(), (*f)();\n```\ndeclare a function returning an integer, a function returning a pointer to an integer, a pointer to a function returning an integer;\n```int *api[10], (*pai)[10];\n```\ndeclare an array of pointers to integers, and a pointer to an array of integers. In all these cases the declaration of a variable resembles its usage in an expression whose type is the one named at the head of the declaration.\n\n\nIt appears this rule trumped parser considerations. Its immediate consequence is that function declarations can’t use specific keywords, or impose a different ordering of declaration components.\nIt’s worth noting that parsing was somewhat different in early C, since function declarations didn’t specify their arguments, and function definitions separated the argument list from the argument declarations (which weren’t necessary for ```int``` arguments):\n```sum();\n```\ndeclares a ```sum``` function, which would then be defined as\n```sum(a, b) {\n return a + b;\n}\n```\n(no types needed here, the default is ```int```). So the parser didn’t deal with types inside argument lists.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am new to TeX, working on it for about 2 months. Have not yet figured out how to script the 'curvy L' for Lagrangian and/or for Laplace Transforms.\nAs of now I am using the 'L' - which is not good! :-( \nAny help?\nUPDATE The 2 best solutions are;\n```\\usepackage{ amssymb }\n\\mathcal{L}\n```\nand\n```\\usepackage{ mathrsfs }\n\\mathscr{L}\n```\nI got my answers at, http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html ", + "input": "", + "output": "You have been told how to get a curved L. But here's some more general advice, which also applies in this situation: In cases such as this, always create your own shortcut macro, say\n```\\newcommand{\\Lagr}{\\mathcal{L}}\n```\n\nThis way, if you ever decide that that curly L is not quite the one you like, it is easy to switch. Also, even before you knew the answer to this question, you could have written\n```\\newcommand{\\Lagr}{L}\n```\nin your preamble. Then you could start/continue writing the document, use ordinary capital Ls where you want, and ```\\Lagr``` wherever you actually mean a Lagrangian, and then later changing the definition of ```\\Lagr``` to something appropriate. This way, you wouldn't have to manually search for each occurence of a capital L and decide if it's a Lagrangian or not. Clearly ```\\Lagr``` (or whatever you want to call this macro) is also easier to type than ```\\mathcal{L}```, and it makes the source code much more readable.\n\nAnother advantage, which is probably more subtle, since you're new to LaTeX, is that we can make the curvy L exactly the type of math we want. TeX distinguishes between ordinary letters, binary operators, binary relations, opening and closing parenthesis and so on; the spacing between two ordinary letters is not the same as the spacing between the ```a```, ```+```, and ```b``` in ```$a+b$```. So since the Lagrangian is a kind of operator, we could say\n```\\newcommand{\\Lagr}{\\mathop{\\mathcal{L}}}\n```\n\nBut in the case of operators, the package amsmath (which you are most likely using; if not, you should) provides a somewhat better mechanism:\n```\\DeclareMathOperator{\\Lagr}{\\mathcal{L}}\n```\n\nAnother (related) tip: Even if you are using the same notation for two different things, it is best to make a separate macro for each. In this case you might have\n```\\DeclareMathOperator{\\Lagr}{\\mathcal{L}}\n\\DeclareMathOperator{\\Lapl}{\\mathcal{L}}\n```\nThe reason is the same as in the ```L``` vs. ```\\Lagr``` case above: If you at some point decide that using ```\\mathcal{L}``` for both is a bad idea, you would have to find each occurence of ```\\Lagr``` and figure out if it is really a Laplacian. Using macro names carrying semantic meaning is one of the great powers of TeX.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "My son doesn't want to share anything with other kids, and if some kid even so much as touches his toy, he pushes the kid. He shouts and cries at the same time, and tries to express his anger by pushing and hitting the kid. I feel so embarrassed in front of other parents. \nAnd when he is at home with me and doing something wrong, I try to stop him, he tries to repeat my words and shouts at me. He is copying the behavior of others, whether it's a good act or bad...\nPlease help me how to stop him from being a bully.", + "input": "", + "output": "Welcome to the \"Terrible Two's\"! \n\nYour son behaves typically for his age. At 2 he starts to assert himself and express his demands. It's likely that he has also learned that he gets his way when he throws a tantrum. For a 2-year old screaming, hitting or even biting is a normal way to express his anger - at least he will try and every success reinforces this.\nHe also comes across more limitations: The more he is able to do, the more often he is stopped.\n\nThe solution? It's already in your question:\nHe will copy what others do. So by all means, stay calm. No yelling, no fussing and - please! - no hitting. He has some learning (accepted behaviour like sharing) and some unlearning (no hitting or pushing) to do and needs your help. \n\n* When he throws a tantrum, either ignore him, or quietly remove him from the scene. Do not worry about others! Most likely they have had the same trouble with their kids or will some time ;-) \n* When he doesn't want to share yet - fine, he will learn. This can be practiced. Don't make him share, or he will resent it. Rather, teach him the benefits of sharing. Start with food, for example. Have a plate of cookies (or other favorite food), that's yours. He will likely demand some, but demanding doesn't get him a cookie. Asking nicely will! Explain, repeat. Then, switch roles. If he has cookies, ask him to share. If he does, praise him. Else - remind him next time when he wants your cookies that he didn't share. Share whenever possible: Having a bite from your plate, getting a piece off his. Repeat, repeat, repeat.... Same goes for objects. Ask him to \"please\" share a toy, \"play\" with it for a short moment, then return. Say \"Thank you\". He learns, that he gets the toy back. Share some of your things. (Monitor the behaviour of other children, that want his toys - make sure they ask first and give toys back, at least during this learning stage.)\n\nYou have some serious work to do, but it will be sooooo worth it! ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What are the differences between the Strategy design pattern and the State design pattern? please explain the difference in layman's terms?", + "input": "", + "output": "The difference simply lies in that they solve different problems: \n\n* The State pattern deals with what (state or type) an object is (in) -- it encapsulates state-dependent behavior, whereas \n* the Strategy pattern deals with how an object performs a certain task -- it encapsulates an algorithm. \n\nThe constructs for achieving these different goals are however very similar; both patterns are examples of composition with delegation.\n\nSome observations on their advantages:\n* By using the State pattern the state-holding (context) class is relieved from knowledge of what state or type it is and what states or types that are available. This means that the class adheres to the open-closed design principle (OCP): the class is closed for changes in what states/types there are, but the states/types are open to extensions.\n* By using the Strategy pattern the algorithm-using (context) class is relieved from knowledge of how to perform a certain task (-- the \"algorithm\"). This case also creates an adherence to the OCP; the class is closed for changes regarding how to perform this task, but the design is very open to additions of other algorithms for solving this task.\n\nThis likely also improves the context class' adherence to the single responsibility principle (SRP). Further the algorithm becomes easily available for reuse by other classes.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why don't Tour de France riders always ride their TT bikes?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are 2 good reasons for this. \n\nFirst, a TT bike is the most efficient machine for flat, fast course racing, where there are a minimum of hills. It is not the most efficient machine when it comes to climbing. The body position is far too aggressive for even professional athletes to use in a non-TT style event. A bike with more a more upright body position, a more stable weight distribution, a lighter frame, and far, far lighter wheels, is a more efficient choice for that style of ride.\n\nSecondly, a TT bike sacrifices bike handling for that extreme power and aero efficiency. The TT stages are controlled events, where there are either one rider, or one team on the course at a time, and so limitations on stability and handling are acceptable. Take the same bike in a 150 rider peloton, where riders constantly jockey for position, and where even on a stable bike losing focus for 1 second can cause a major crash, and all of a sudden, those same sacrifices in bike handling and stability are no longer a benefit for the rider or the team. They become a hazard to the team's chances of winning. And not just for the stage or the day, since a bad crash can take a rider out for the season. \n\nOr God forbid, permanently. \nFor these reasons, the UCI has seen fit to ban the bikes in non-TT events, in order to ensure rider safety. And for once, their decision makes sense.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I remember when the Muslim holy book was the Koran when I was in middle school, but now it's the Quran. But it's always been Qatar and Iraq (but still Kuwait.)\nWho decided that 'Q' was going to be represent that sound instead of 'K', and why?", + "input": "", + "output": "In Arabic, in fact, they've always been separate sounds! The sound we write \"K\" is spelled with the letter ك in Arabic, and is pronounced a little bit further forward in the mouth; the sound we write \"Q\" is spelled with the letter ق and pronounced a little bit farther back. In phonetic terms, \"K\" is a velar sound, and \"Q\" is a uvular sound.\n\nEnglish doesn't distinguish between these two different sounds. But since we've got a spare letter lying around—the English letter \"Q\" is actually related to the Arabic letter ق, if you go back far enough!—it's become conventional to separate them in writing. \"Kuwait\" is spelled with a ك, so it gets a \"K\"; \"Qatar\" is spelled with a ق, so it gets a \"Q\". The \"Qur'an\", similarly, has a ق in it.\n\nNowadays, by the way, the letter \"Q\" has started to be associated with Arabic in particular, since it shows up significantly more there than in English. So in pop culture, you'll sometimes see names like \"Hakeem\" respelled to \"Haqim\"—even though the original Arabic has a ك in it! Linguistically, this is called hypercorrection, and it's the same reason you'll see words like \"forté\" with an é: English-speakers associate the acute accent with Romance loans (café, fiancé, résumé), but it has no special meaning in English, so it sometimes gets inserted where it doesn't actually belong (the original Italian word is simply forte).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How do you add Boost libraries in CMakeLists.txt?", + "input": "", + "output": "Put this in your `CMakeLists.txt` file (change any options from OFF to ON if you want):\n\n```\nset(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS OFF) \nset(Boost_USE_MULTITHREADED ON) \nset(Boost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME OFF) \nfind_package(Boost VERSION COMPONENTS *boost libraries here*) \n\nif(Boost_FOUND)\n include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}) \n add_executable(progname file1.cxx file2.cxx) \n target_link_libraries(progname ${Boost_LIBRARIES})\nendif()\n```\n\nObviously you need to put the libraries you want where I put `*boost libraries here*`. For example, if you're using the `filesystem` and `regex` library you'd write:\n\n```\nfind_package(Boost VERSION COMPONENTS filesystem regex)\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Quando devo fazer essa gravação direto no banco? \nQuais as situações?\nEu sei que posso gravar no banco o caminho da imagem.", + "input": "", + "output": "Além do custo ser mais alto como mencionado, deve-se levar em conta vários fatores:\n\n* Volume de dados: para um baixo volume de dados pode não haver problema. Por outro lado, para armazenamento de grande massa de dados o banco de dados é praticamente inviável. Pergunte ao Facebook ou ao Google se eles usariam banco. O Facebook, por exemplo, usa um sistema de arquivos personalizado para tornar o acesso mais rápido ainda e diminuir a o overhead por arquivo exigido pelos sistemas de arquivos tradicionais.\n* Clusterização: uma vantagem do banco de dados é no caso do seu sistema rodar em vários servidores, todos terão acesso uniforme aos arquivos. Porém, usar uma unidade na rede para armazenar os arquivos.\n* Disponibilidade: seu sistema vai ter muitos acessos? Isso pode sobrecarregar um banco de dados tradicional. Por outro lado, seu servidor HTTP pode usar as rotinas de acesso de baixo nível ao sistema de arquivos para enviar o stream de dados ao cliente.\n* Escalabilidade: se a demanda de volume ou disponibilidade aumentarem, será possível adicionar mais capacidade ao sistema? É muito mais fácil dividir arquivos entre servidores diferentes do que distribuir registros de uma tabela em mais servidores.\n* Flexibilidade: fazer cópias de segurança, mover arquivos de um servidor para outro, fazer algum processamento nos arquivos armazenados, tudo isso fica mais fácil se os arquivos estiverem num diretório. Se você faz o deploy em ambiente de cliente, os arquivos no disco não inviabilizam você de receber cópias do banco de dados para testes. Tente pedir para o seu cliente enviar terabytes de dados para você analisar se der algum problema no banco.\n* Overhead de leitura e gravação: o custo computacional para gravar e ler dados do banco de dados é maior do que para ler e gravar diretamente em um arquivo.\n\nExistem várias estratégias para escalar um sistema tanto em termos de disponibilidade quanto em volume. Basicamente essas estratégias consistem em distribui-los em vários vários servidores e redirecionar o usuário para cada um deles conforme algum critério. Os detalhes variam de implementação, tais como: estratégia de atualização dos dados, redundância, critérios de distribuição, etc.\nUma das grandes dificuldades em gerenciar arquivos fora do BD é que temos agora duas fontes de dados distintas e que precisam estar sempre em sincronia.\nDo ponto de vista de segurança, efetivamente há pouca diferença. Se um hacker pode comprometer um servidor, ele poderá ler tanto os arquivos gravados em disco do seu sistema quanto os arquivos do sistema de banco de dados. Se essa questão for crítica, uma alternativa é armazenar os dados criptografados.\nPorém, sempre que fiz a análise do melhor tipo de solução, o uso do sistema de arquivos sempre esteve em grande vantagem.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I need a regular expression that validates a number, but doesn't require a digit after the decimal. ie. ```123 123. 123.4 ``` would all be valid ```123.. ``` would be invalid", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the regular expression you can use:\n\n```\n/^\\d*\\.?\\d*$/\n```\n\n* `^` - Beginning of the line;\n* `\\d*` - 0 or more digits;\n* `\\.?` - An optional dot (escaped, because in regex, . is a special character);\n* `\\d*` - 0 or more digits (the decimal part);\n* `$` - End of the line.\n\nThis allows for .5 decimal rather than requiring the leading zero, such as 0.5", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "The year is 2109 C.E my friends and I were caught in a space disaster when the spacecraft we're in broke apart during a daring escape from a patrolling spacecraft. We stole an antique cellphone (from 1999, in good working condition) from a space museum but our escape was interrupted and fortunately we managed to get into the escape pod and didn't get caught up in the explosion. The only emergency transponder in the escape pod isn't working probably due to the destruction of the spacecraft. Given the technology of 1999, is it possible for us to sent out a distress signal to alert the leaving patrol spacecraft?\nNote: the cellphone was the most innovative product of 1999 money can buy.\nThe escape pod is not a Faraday cage we're talking about the future and the patrol spacecraft don't necessary be on a lookout for distress signal; please use these clues to your advantage.\nIf there is absolutely no way to transmit any man-made signal out, please state a valid reason why it can't be done.", + "input": "", + "output": "Assets\n\n* 1 obsolete piece of short range comms kit requiring a battery you probably can't charge\n* 1 slightly malfunctioning escape pod with up to date comms that isn't working but you're still alive\n\nCurrent standards say the Mayday should be broadcast on VHF channel 16 (156.8 MHz). A 1999 phone, probably on 2g would likely use 900MHz (UHF). The slightly broken comms unit in the pod is probably using channel 16 or equivalent*. This is your first problem. The patrol ship will be listening in for signals broadcast on the mayday frequency. That's the frequency you need to hit, so first up is rebuilding your phone to that frequency.\n\nOr you could look at the pod comms system and see what's wrong.\n\nYour next problem is that your mobile phone's range is laughable in interstellar space. What's going to be even more laughable is when you try to use it in the radiation shielded environment of your escape pod. The signal, which is line of sight at the best of times, most likely won't even penetrate the hull. So now you need to hook it up to the external antenna used by the pod's own comms system.\n\nOr you could look at the pod comms system and see what's wrong.\n\nNow you need to make sure you're using the right broadcast method: are you on AM or FM? (There's no reason to think that 100 years from now they'd be able to pick up an analog signal)\n\nI'm sure you can see where I'm going with this. Fix the pod.\nUltimately all you're going to do is rebuild a copy of the pod's own comms system with a batch of obsolete components. If you're good enough to do that you're good enough to fix the pod's own system which will be much easier.\n\n*I mention channel 16 as an example to show that there are standards for distress signals and they're very different from the standards for mobiles, if you want someone to pick it up then you need to be broadcasting on a frequency they're listening on.\n\n## Distress frequencies\n\n 2182 kHz forms an essential part of the Global Maritime Distress Safety System (GMDSS). It has an associated DSC frequency at 2187.5 kHz. Other international distress frequencies, in use as of 2008, include:\n\n```121.5 MHz - civil aircraft emergency frequency\n243 MHz - military aircraft emergency frequency\n156.8 MHz - Marine VHF radio channel 16, short range maritime use\n406 MHz / 406.1 MHz - Cospas-Sarsat international satellite-based search and rescue (SAR) distress alert detection and information distribution system\n```\n\nDiscontinued frequencies\n```500 kHz Morse code is no longer monitored.\n121.5 or 243 MHz locators. (No longer automatically monitored by satellite, though still used for aircraft communication and short-range direction finding.)\nEffective 1 August 2013, the U. S. Coast Guard terminated its radio guard of the international voice distress, safety and calling frequency 2182 kHz and the international digital selective calling (DSC) distress and safety frequency 2187.5 kHz. Additionally, marine information and weather broadcasts transmitted on 2670 kHz terminated concurrently.\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Often I want to just point the camera to an object or a specific area in my scene to get an idea of how it'll look in the render. What's the most painless hassle-free way to do this in blender?\nA quick search on the blender wiki does not lend itself to easy look-up due to all the noise in the search result.\nThis question could probably be broken down into these two main questions:\n\n* How do I point a selected camera to the current 3d-cursor location in the scene?\n* How do I point the selected camera to the currently selected object(s) in the scene?\n", + "input": "", + "output": "Situation 1: You're not looking through the camera yet\n\n* Fly Mode: Shift + F or the standard Viewport Navigation\n* Set Camera to View: Ctrl + Alt + Numpad 0\n\nSituation 2: You're already looking through the camera via Numpad 0\n\n* Select the camera: Right Mouse Button\n* Grab: G & optionally...\n\t* Lock the grab to a local axis: XX or YY or ZZ (my favorite)\n\n* Rotate:\n\t* Tilt: R\n\t* Look around: R R\n\t* Orbit around the 3D cursor: .R followed by R, or Z. (Press , afterwards)\n\n\nTips & Notes (some go beyond this question):\n\n1. In earlier versions of Blender, Fly Mode would to make the camera slowly flatten with the horizon line. It doesn't anymore, but you can reset the camera's rotation Alt + R to make the horizon flat and then use fly mode to reorient the camera while maintaining that flat horizon.\n\n2. If you decide to use another object as a target for the camera to look at, you can use the Object Constraints. To do this:\n\t* Select the camera.\n\t* Shift-select the target.\n\t* Press Ctrl T and select Track To or Damped Track To. You can modify the new constraint in the camera's Constraints panel, for example, to animate the influence.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What are the general tactics of Krav Maga as opposed to Systema? \nFor instance, the tactics of Silat are to hurt the other person so badly they can't hurt back. Another example would be that the tactics of boxing would be to knock out the other person first using only punches. So, as far as I know, the goal of Systema and Krav Maga are both to do anything you can to defeat your attacker because they are serious about self defense. Does that mean that Krav Maga and Systema are strategical identical? Does Krav use strategies that Systema doesn't? Does Systema use any strategies that Krav doesn't? Is there a difference or do they generally work the same way?", + "input": "", + "output": "At first glance Krav Maga and Systema seem to be very similar in that they are both very unconventional, no-rules, practical self-defence, martial arts (although Krav isn't technically a martial art) which are no holds barred and generally formless.\n\nHowever...\nKrav Maga is basically a very raw, dangerous situation survival system (including avoidance and escape) which builds upon your natural instincts and taught in a very short space of time. Therefore it is highly stress tested. It relies on the fact that fear will set in in order to use your natural responses and turn them into functional movements to your advantage. It relies heavily on shock and awe in that defence and attack should be simultaneous where possible to capitalise on the opponent's shock value.\n\nSystema is - in many ways - the exact opposite, it is a system which teaches over a much longer period of time how to control your fear/anger/pity and teaches relaxation (through breathing/stretching) in stressful situations so that attacks on your person are less effective, better recovered from and the pressure points, levers and momentum of attackers can be manipulated to your advantage using the clarity of mind gained from your training.\n\nIn Summary\nSo in effect Krav Maga is taught fast and turns your weaknesses into strengths so your defence/attack becomes like a reflex just when you need it, while Systema is a methodology that needs to be learned and seeks to remove those weaknesses so that your defense/attacks can be more effective.\n\nAlso, another martial art, similar and somewhere between these is the Keysi Fighting Method (KFM) - developed for street fighting - but that has some actual forms that have to be learned such as the very distinctive 'Pensador' that the Christian Bale Batman uses/\n\nKFM is a lot more like Krav Maga but it makes heavy use of the 'Pensador' guard (much like the 'Rhino' Krav pose) and concentrates a much larger chunk of its time to dealing with multiple opponents and ground based fighting, as it was developed for street fighting and this is where they tend to end up. It doesn't deal with survival (avoidance and get away) as much as Krav however. There are also no weapons.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I understand that unlocking the bootloader will wipe my Android phone, but have been looking around for why. Seems to be by design, but what is the reasoning for that design? Is it some security concern, some obscure technical reason, or just for lulz? I'm looking for something solid to chew on here, something more than because \"that's how it is\".", + "input": "", + "output": "It's a security concern. The Android documentation doesn't provide a lot of elaboration, stating simply:\n\n The procedure must be confirmed on-screen, and deletes the user data for privacy reasons.\n\nHowever, the privacy concern is relatively straightforward to extrapolate. Once the bootloader is unlocked, the device can be flashed with unsigned images. This means that it is relatively trivial to root the device, and there are actually multiple ways it can be done, such as:\n\n* Flashing a system image with root tools built in\n* Flashing a boot image that runs ```adbd``` with root by default (an \"unsecure\" image)\n* Flashing a recovery image, then using that to overwrite the system or boot partitions with ones that allow root access\n\nOnce root is obtained, all of the information on ```/data``` essentially becomes accessible. This could be emails, contact information, or many other pieces of personal information that you likely don't want in the wrong hands. \n\nTherefore, it makes sense to wipe all of this data during the unlocking procedure to ensure that there is no off-the-shelf \"official\" way of bypassing the sandboxing restrictions implemented by the Android operating system, which would thereby allow someone to steal personal data.\n\nOf course, there may be ways to root without wiping on some devices, but they rely on exploits rather than official methods like a bootloader unlock, meaning they are basically bugs.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "The original IBM PC and later variants used an Intel 8253 or 8254 as a sound chip. Why did users add sound cards such as the Adlib or Sound Blaster. I remember voice output with programs like telephone answering programs. The sound was wimpy but I attributed most of the quality to speaker size.\nWhat was lacking with the original PC sound chip? ", + "input": "", + "output": "> The original IBM PC and later variants used an Intel 8253 or 8254 as a sound chip.\n\nThe 8253 is a timer circuit, containing three timers able to generate timed interrupts or square-wave output with programmed frequencies. On the PC the third timer's output is, via an amplifier, connected to a simple speaker.\n\nAs said before, calling a 'simple' timer a sound chip is quite a stretch. \nSince it's a digital output, no level control is available. Only on or off is possible. At best this results in rather nasty sounding square waves. There is no provision to smooth the signal (beside the inertia of the speaker membrane).\n\nAlso, the only frequencies that can be selected are those that result from dividing the base frequency (1,193,181.8 Hz) by an integer in the range of 1–65535. So even when accepting the meager signal quality, only very few notes can be played at correct frequency. Already the basic 440 Hz concert pitch will be off by .5Hz. So whatever is played using the timer will sound off pitch. Music can still sound good if a little off pitch, but only when all notes are off in the same way (*1) - which is not the case with this 'sound chip'.\n\nOf course, there are also ways to manipulate the sound even a bit better by manually handling the output - which results in 100% CPU time usage.\n\n> Why did users add sound cards such as the Adlib or Sound Blaster.\n\nSimply because they wanted sound - or at least music. Not just a beeper.\n\n> What was lacking with the original PC sound chip?\n\nAs said before, it's no sound chip at all. A sound chip will need programmable oscillators for different wave forms and at least some analogue ciruitry to make a smooth, more natural sound. Ofcourse, from an enginering point, the PC's use of a timer was a great improvement over the Apple II, its model and competition, as it allowed the beeping in parallel - not that this feature was used by BIOS or DOS.\nLast but not least, the PC is an open system. It is made to add new/better hardware. So why shoudn't there be a real sound card? Improving the machine is a core feature of the design.\n\nAddendum:\nagtoever added a comment with a great example of what was possible with the direct fiddling with the speaker. Awesome, but less than apealing when compared to even the cheapest form of soundcard, the AdLib of the same time, as used by Monkey Island. Next to zero CPU usage and crisp clear sound. Not to mention easy programming. I'd call that a huge advantage.\n\n*1 - The average human decodes frequencies relative to each other. As a result sound is still perceived as good, even if the whole scale is shifted, as long as it's in the same direction and same percentage. Output needs to be way off to be noticed by an average listener. In contrast, if notes are off by a different margin and in different directions, even less trained listeners will notice.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "According to the sources I have found, a lambda expression is essentially implemented by the compiler creating a class with overloaded function call operator and the referenced variables as members. This suggests that the size of lambda expressions varies, and given enough references variables that size can be arbitrarily large.\nAn ```std::function``` should have a fixed size, but it must be able to wrap any kind of callables, including any lambdas of the same kind. How is it implemented? If ```std::function``` internally uses a pointer to its target, then what happens, when the ```std::function``` instance is copied or moved? Are there any heap allocations involved?", + "input": "", + "output": "The implementation of ```std::function``` can differ from one implementation to another, but the core idea is that it uses type-erasure. While there are multiple ways of doing it, you can imagine a trivial (not optimal) solution could be like this (simplified for the specific case of ```std::function``` for the sake of simplicity):\n```struct callable_base {\n virtual int operator()(double d) = 0;\n virtual ~callable_base() {}\n};\ntemplate \nstruct callable : callable_base {\n F functor;\n callable(F functor) : functor(functor) {}\n virtual int operator()(double d) { return functor(d); }\n};\nclass function_int_double {\n std::unique_ptr c;\npublic:\n template \n function(F f) {\n c.reset(new callable(f));\n }\n int operator()(double d) { return c(d); }\n// ...\n};\n```\nIn this simple approach the ```function``` object would store just a ```unique_ptr``` to a base type. For each different functor used with the ```function```, a new type derived from the base is created and an object of that type instantiated dynamically. The ```std::function``` object is always of the same size and will allocate space as needed for the different functors in the heap.\nIn real life there are different optimizations that provide performance advantages but would complicate the answer. The type could use small object optimizations, the dynamic dispatch can be replaced by a free-function pointer that takes the functor as argument to avoid one level of indirection, but the idea is basically the same.\n\nRegarding the issue of how copies of the ```std::function``` behave, a quick test indicates that copies of the internal callable object are done, rather than sharing the state.\n```// g++4.8\nint main() {\n int value = 5;\n typedef std::function fun;\n fun f1 = [=]() mutable { std::cout << value++ << '\\n' };\n fun f2 = f1;\n f1(); // prints 5\n fun f3 = f1;\n f2(); // prints 5\n f3(); // prints 6 (copy after first increment)\n}\n```\nThe test indicates that ```f2``` gets a copy of the callable entity, rather than a reference. If the callable entity was shared by the different ```std::function<>``` objects, the output of the program would have been 5, 6, 7.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "So, I'm on vacation in Utah, and so I attended an LDS service. In the morning, I heard a reading from one of the Presidents of the church during the \"Quorum of the Elders,\" then went to Sunday School, and finally witnessed the Sacrement of the bread and water. (I guess it makes sense there was no wine, but it did make me go \"Huh!\") After that, there were testimonies from missionaries and some music - but nothing that struck me as a sermon. \nWas I missing something, or was this an atypical service? I guess I was trying to understand what the \"pastor\"s role in the service was supposed to be - or again, is it just that Mormons are even more Baptist than baptists?\nIf someone could explain how instruction and exhortation are primarily conferred in the LDS church Id appreciate it. ", + "input": "", + "output": "Mormon services are a bit different, as you discovered. In the United States, there is generally a block of 3 meetings back-to-back including a sunday school, a mens' and women's time for instruction, and a sacrament meeting where the general congregation meets together. It sounds like the first meeting you attended was Priesthood meeting where the brothers study the words of scripture and modern Church leaders. Those classes usually have a single instructor each week.\n\nSacrament meeting is where any equivalence of a sermon would be heard. The primary difference between Mormon services and some others is the focal event of church meetings. The purpose behind holding a sacrament meeting is to take the sacrament and renew covenants made at baptism. The actual administration of the sacrament is the most sacred public meeting to Mormons. Hearing people speak and even interpersonal communion (socializing) is only secondary, though important.\n\nMembers of a ward, or local congregation, are invited to speak by the bishop or his counselors (the basic equivalent of a pastor) and will have some time to prepare a talk. Talks should draw from the scriptures, personal experience and testimony, and focus on the Savior. Note that comments made by church members over the pulpit at a sacrament meeting do not necessarily reflect the Church's official position on a topic or even Church doctrine.\nThe talks are meant to urge, inspire, and exhort all in attendance to come to Christ, to give them an opportunity to feel the power of the Spirit, and to strengthen their faith. Often, members will come with questions in their hearts and find answers in the words that day.\n\nCounsel from leaders like a bishop sometimes occur over the pulpit, but usually this is private and individual, based on personal circumstances. The bishop and his counselors are supposed to meet with members regularly in interviews. There is no paid clergy, so all the service is volunteer.\n\nEach member is also assigned two \"home teachers\" which visit their family once a month to share a gospel message, check on well-being, and be a friend and support especially when needed. In this way, instruction is given which might also help replace a typical sermon pattern. The bishop, his counselors, and others he calls on help organize these efforts. (It has also proven to be very quick and effective during disaster response, as home teachers immediately report in on who they teach, and bishops coordinate an effort if needed.\n\nSo what you saw was apparently quite normal. Even once a month (the first Sunday), a fast and testimony meeting is held during sacrament meeting, where members forgo preparing talks and instead bear their testimonies about Christ and the gospel for the hour as they feel a desire to do so. Instruction is very member-to-member, you might say, but is guided by the direction of a bishop and other church leaders who also inspire and instruct.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "A partir de un String, ```\"123-654321\"```, lo que deseo es dividirlo en dos Strings:\n```string1=123\nstring2=654321\n```", + "input": "", + "output": "Tres formas diferentes de hacerlo:\n1. Utilizando la función ```String.split()``` :\n``` String str = \"123-654321\";\n String[] parts = str.split(\"-\");\n```\nEsta solución utiliza expresiones regulares, así que no es lo más eficiente si no estas trabajando con ellas.\n\n2. Utilizando la clase ```StringTokenizer``` :\n```static private List fastSplit(final String text, final String separator, final boolean emptyStrings){\n List result = new ArrayList();\n final StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(text, separator, true);\n String token = null;\n String lastToken = separator;\n while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {\n token = st.nextToken();\n if (token.equals(separator)) {\n if (lastToken.equals(separator) && emptyStrings) {\n result.add(\"\");\n }\n } else {\n result.add(token);\n }\n lastToken = token;\n }\n return result;\n}\n```\nEl problema con este método es que solo funciona bien cuando el delimitador tiene longitud 1.\n\n3. Implementarlo usando ```String.indexOf()``` :\nEn este caso si funcionará correctamente para delimitadores de cualquier longitud.\n```static private List fastSplit2(final String text, final String separator, final boolean emptyStrings) {\n final List result = new ArrayList();\n if (text != null && text.length() > 0) {\n int index1 = 0;\n int index2 = text.indexOf(separator);\n int sepLen = separator.length();\n while (index2 >= 0) {\n String token = text.substring(index1, index2);\n if (!token.isEmpty() || emptyStrings){\n result.add(token);\n }\n index1 = index2 + sepLen;\n index2 = text.indexOf(separator, index1);\n }\n if (index1 < text.length() - 1) {\n result.add(text.substring(index1));\n }\n }\n return result;\n}\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What’s the difference between ```\\n``` (newline) and ```\\r``` (carriage return)?\nIn particular, are there any practical differences between ```\\n``` and ```\\r```? Are there places where one should be used instead of the other?", + "input": "", + "output": "In terms of ascii code, it's 3 -- since they're 10 and 13 respectively.\nBut seriously, there are many differences:\n\n* in Unix and all Unix-like systems, ```\\n``` is the code for end-of-line, ```\\r``` means nothing special\n* as a consequence, in C and most languages that somehow copy it (even remotely), ```\\n``` is the standard escape sequence for end of line (translated to/from OS-specific sequences as needed)\n* in old Mac systems (pre-OS X), ```\\r``` was the code for end-of-line instead\n* in Windows (and many old OSs), the code for end of line is 2 characters, ```\\r\\n```, in this order\n* as a surprising consequence (harking back to OSs much older than Windows), ```\\r\\n``` is the standard line-termination for text formats on the Internet\n* for electromechanical teletype-like \"terminals\", ```\\r``` commands the carriage to go back leftwards until it hits the leftmost stop (a slow operation), ```\\n``` commands the roller to roll up one line (a much faster operation) -- that's the reason you always have ```\\r``` before ```\\n```, so that the roller can move while the carriage is still going leftwards!-) Wikipedia has a more detailed explanation.\n* for character-mode terminals (typically emulating even-older printing ones as above), in raw mode, ```\\r``` and ```\\n``` act similarly (except both in terms of the cursor, as there is no carriage or roller.\n\nIn practice, in the modern context of writing to a text file, you should always use ```\\n``` (the underlying runtime will translate that if you're on a weird OS, e.g., Windows. The only reason to use ```\\r``` is if you're writing to a character terminal (or more likely a \"console window\" emulating it) and want the next line you write to overwrite the last one you just wrote (sometimes used for goofy \"ascii animation\" effects of e.g. progress bars) -- this is getting pretty obsolete in a world of GUIs, though", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Assume that I am a programmer and I have an NP-complete problem that I need to solve it. What methods are available to deal with NPC problems? Is there a survey or something similar on this topic?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are a number of well-studied strategies; which is best in your application depends on circumstance.\n\n* Improve worst case runtime\nUsing problem-specific insight, you can often improve the naive algorithm. For instance, there are $O(c^n)$ algorithms for Vertex Cover with $c huge improvement over the naive $\\Omega(2^n)$ and might make instance sizes relevant for you tractable.\n\n* Improve expected runtime\nUsing heuristics, you can often devise algorithms that are fast on many instances. If those include most that you meet in practice, you are golden. Examples are SAT for which quite involved solvers exist, and the Simplex algorithm (which solves a polynomial problem, but still). One basic technique that is often helpful is branch and bound.\n\n* Restrict the problem\nIf you can make more assumptions on your inputs, the problem may become easy.\n\n* Structural properties\nYour inputs may have properties that simplify solving the problem, e.g. planarity, bipartiteness or missing a minor for graphs. See here for some examples of graph classes for which CLIQUE is easy. \n\n* Bounding functions of the input\nAnother thing to look at is parameterised complexity; some problems are solvable in time $O(2^kn^m)$ for $k$ some instance parameter (maximum node degree, maximum edge weight, ...) and $m$ constant. If you can bound $k$ by a polylogarithmic function in $n$ in your setting, you get polynomial algorithms. Saeed Amiri gives details in his answer.\n\n* Bounding input quantities\nFurthermore, some problems admit algorithms that run in pseudo-polynomial time, that is their runtime is bounded by a polynomial function in a number that is part of the input; the naive primality check is an example. This means that if the quantities encoded in your instances have reasonable size, you might have simple algorithms that behave well for you.\n\n* Weaken the result\nThis means that you tolerate errorneous or incomplete results. There are two main flavors:\n\n* Probabilistic algorithms\nYou only get the correct result with some probability. There are some variants, most notable Monte-Carlo and Las-Vegas algorithms. A famous example is the Miller-Rabin primality test.\n\n* Approximation algorithms\nYou no longer look for optimal solutions but almost optimal ones. Some algorithms admit relative (\"no worse than double the optimum\"), others absolute (\"no worse than $5$ plus the optimum\") bounds on the error. For many problems it is open how well they can be approximated. There are some that can be approximated arbitrarily well in polynomial time, while others are known to not allow that; check the theory of polynomial-time approximation schemes.\n\nRefer to Algorithmics for Hard Problems by Hromkovič for a thorough treatment.\n* Simplicity is beauty: Improved upper bounds for vertex cover by Chen Jianer, Iyad A. Kanj, Ge Xia (2005)\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why are the lights inside commercial airplanes turned off during take off and landing?", + "input": "", + "output": "This is for safety reasons. \n\nTake-off and landing are the two most critical phases of flight and thus, every additional step to ensure survivability, be it even just adjusting the light, is taken.\n\nThe interior lights or cabin lights are adjusted to match the exterior environment, so that in case of an emergency, especially if the interior lights fail, your eyes are already accustomed to the light setting and you do not require additional valuable seconds for adjustment to a possibly darker or brighter environment. The lights are usually adjusted at dusk, night or dawn to match the exterior environment.\n\nIf the cabin lights do not fail during an emergency, the dimmed light also makes it easier to identify the \"EXIT\" signs which illuminate and make the guidance lighting on the floor easier to follow. The bright emergency lighting is more prominent to identify when the cabin light is dimmed, saving valuable seconds as the aircraft is evacuated.\n\nThis also ties in with having to raise the blinds on the windows. The blinds need to be raised during take-off and landing irrespective of the outside light situation, however, with a darker cabin, any outside light source, especially from fires or other hazards is easier to identify by the crew, making the decision process of whether one side could be inappropriate to use for evacuation faster, e.g. fire on port side --> no evacuation on that side.\n\nThe blinds are therefore raised to allow a better view for cabin crew of the outside area and external aircraft parts, such as engines, wings, etc.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "The default behaviour of ```LIKE``` and the other comparison operators, ```=``` etc is case-sensitive.\nIs it possible make them case-insensitive?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are 3 main ways to perform a case-insensitive search in Oracle without using full-text indexes.\n\nUltimately what method you choose is dependent on your individual circumstances; the main thing to remember is that to improve performance you must index correctly for case-insensitive searching.\n\n1. Case your column and your string identically.\nYou can force all your data to be the same case by using `UPPER()` or `LOWER()`:\n```\nselect * from my_table where upper(column_1) = upper('my_string');\n```\nor\n```\nselect * from my_table where lower(column_1) = lower('my_string');\n```\nIf `column_1` is not indexed on `upper(column_1)` or `lower(column_1)`, as appropriate, this may force a full table scan. In order to avoid this you can create a function-based index.\n```\ncreate index my_index on my_table ( lower(column_1) );\n```\nIf you're using LIKE then you have to concatenate a `%` around the string you're searching for.\n```\nselect * from my_table where lower(column_1) LIKE lower('my_string') || '%';\n```\n\n2. Use regular expressions.\nFrom Oracle 10g onwards `REGEXP_LIKE()` is available. You can specify the _match_parameter_ `'i'`, in order to perform case-insensitive searching.\n\nIn order to use this as an equality operator you must specify the start and end of the string, which is denoted by the carat and the dollar sign.\n\n```\nselect * from my_table where regexp_like(column_1, '^my_string$', 'i');\n```\nIn order to perform the equivalent of LIKE, these can be removed.\n```\nselect * from my_table where regexp_like(column_1, 'my_string', 'i');\n```\nBe careful with this as your string may contain characters that will be interpreted differently by the regular expression engine.\n\n3. Change it at the session level.\nThe NLS_SORT parameter governs the collation sequence for ordering and the various comparison operators, including `=` and LIKE. You can specify a binary, case-insensitive, sort by altering the session. This will mean that every query performed in that session will perform case-insensitive parameters.\n```\nalter session set nls_sort=BINARY_CI\n```\nThere's plenty of additional information around linguistic sorting and string searching if you want to specify a different language, or do an accent-insensitive search using BINARY_AI.\n\nYou will also need to change the NLS_COMP parameter; the default value of NLS_COMP is BINARY; but, LINGUISTIC specifies that Oracle should pay attention to the value of NLS_SORT.\n\nSo, once again, you need to alter the session\n```\nalter session set nls_comp=LINGUISTIC\n```\nYou may want to create a linguistic index to improve performance\n```\ncreate index my_linguistc_index on my_table \n (NLSSORT(column_1, 'NLS_SORT = BINARY_CI'));\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have a new SPA with a stateless authentication model using JWT. I am often asked to refer OAuth for authentication flows like asking me to send 'Bearer tokens' for every request instead of a simple token header but I do think that OAuth is a lot more complex than a simple JWT based authentication. What are the main differences, should I make the JWT authentication behave like OAuth?\nI am also using the JWT as my XSRF-TOKEN to prevent XSRF but I am being asked to keep them separate? Should I keep them separate? Any help here will be appreciated and might lead to a set of guidelines for the community.", + "input": "", + "output": "TL;DR If you have very simple scenarios, like a single client application, a single API then it might not pay off to go OAuth 2.0. On the other hand, if there are lots of different clients (browser-based, native mobile, server-side, etc) then sticking to OAuth 2.0 rules might make it more manageable than trying to roll your own system.\n\n## Detailed Answer\n\nJWT (Learn JSON Web Tokens) is just a token format. It defines a compact and self-contained mechanism for transmitting data between parties in a way that can be verified and trusted because it is digitally signed. Additionally, the encoding rules of a JWT also make these tokens very easy to use within the context of HTTP.\n\nBeing self-contained (the actual token contains information about a given subject), they are also a good choice for implementing stateless authentication mechanisms (aka Look mum, no sessions!). When going this route, the only thing a party must present to be granted access to a protected resource is the token itself, and the token in question can be called a bearer token.\n\nIn practice, what you're doing can already be classified as bearer token -based. However, do consider you're not using bearer tokens as specified by the OAuth 2.0 related specs (see RFC 6750). That would imply relying on the Authorization HTTP header and using the Bearer authentication scheme.\n\nRegarding the use of the JWT to prevent CSRF: Without knowing exact details it's difficult to ascertain the validity of that practice. To be honest, it does not seem correct and/or worthwhile. The following article (Cookies vs Tokens: The Definitive Guide) may be a useful read on this subject, particularly the XSS and XSRF Protection section.\n\nOne final piece of advice. Even if you don't need to go full OAuth 2.0, I would strongly recommend on passing your access token within the Authorization header instead of going with custom headers. If they are really bearer tokens, follow the rules of RFC 6750. If not, you can always create a custom authentication scheme and still use that header.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Gostaria de saber se existe alguma forma simples de realizar um upload de arquivos via AJAX + JSON.\nSe houver, qual seria?", + "input": "", + "output": "Você pode fazer uploads de arquivos utilizando o método ```POST``` porém deve incluir o FormData com a propriedade ```enctype``` definida como ```multipart/form-data``` para que seus arquivos sejam enviados na requisição.\nContudo, a formatação do envio não vai ser um JSON, mas sim no ```enctype``` que você definir no seu ```FormData```, que dependendo da linguagem que você está utilizando no backend vai ter uma forma diferente de interpretar estes dados.\n\n* application/x-www-form-urlencoded: é o enctype padrão, todos os valores de espaço são convertidos para \"+\" e caracteres não padrões são convertidos para representação ANSII HEX;\n* multipart/form-data: nenhum caractere é convertido, mantendo os valores do formulário intactos, necessário para upload de arquivos;\n* text/plain: apenas espaços são convertidos em \"+\";\n\nSendo essas as possibilidades, o que está sendo trafegado não é um JSON quando vamos comunicar enviando dados para o servidor. Esses dados são serializados para serem entregues dentro da área de data do método que você esta utilizando pra trafegar via HTTP(S) dentro dos formatos apresentados.\nDurante o upload você pode capturar (nos browsers modernos) evento de progresso do upload, conforme no exemplo abaixo.\nExemplo utilizando **jQuery**:\n\n**Formulário**\n```<form id="formulario" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">\n <input type="text" name="campo1" value="hello" />\n <input type="text" name="campo2" value="world" />\n <input name="arquivo" type="file" />\n <button>Enviar</button>\n</form>\n```\n\n**Javascript**\n```$(\"#formulario\").submit(function() {\n var formData = new FormData(this);\n $.ajax({\n url: window.location.pathname,\n type: 'POST',\n data: formData,\n success: function(data) {\n alert(data)\n },\n cache: false,\n contentType: false,\n processData: false,\n xhr: function() { // Custom XMLHttpRequest\n var myXhr = $.ajaxSettings.xhr();\n if (myXhr.upload) { // Avalia se tem suporte a propriedade upload\n myXhr.upload.addEventListener('progress', function() {\n /* faz alguma coisa durante o progresso do upload */\n }, false);\n }\n return myXhr;\n }\n });\n});\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Did the ancients or other pre-industrial civilisations engage in unsustainable practices?", + "input": "", + "output": "Most ancient agricultural practices deplete soil to some degree, but are just fine when population does not exceed certain limits. There are some examples of ancient cultures exhausting natural resources available to them - Pitcairn Island Polynesians, Ancient Puebloans (Anasazi). It's the cause of the semi-nomadic way of life of many early societies - your herds graze the grass into oblivion, you move to another patch to return back when the grass grows back in; or you deplete the soil by overplanting, you move to another spot of land and start over, and so on.\n\nBut there's an important distinction to be made. Early societies were naturally regulated just as animal population are - by food resources. When food grows scarce, hunger strikes, and humans either start fighting for what's left, reducing population to more manageable levels, or migrate to not yet depleted lands - only cases of actual extinction are from island civilizations which cannot readily move. Meanwhile, globally environment stays balanced, and depleted spots are replenished from outside - slowly healing the damage. Modern humanity has no place to move - all land is already claimed by someone, so we have to make do with what resources we have - and consequently affects the world at global scale, which earlier cultures were incapable of.\n\nSustainability is not about return to pre-industrial way of life - it is unsustainable at modern population levels. It is about preserving the environment in human-habitable state - both by taking less from nature and by increasing effectiveness of usage of what we do need to take.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "When reading my Bible, I've noticed Joesph's name listed in both the Old and New Testaments; is it the same person or is there more than one Joseph in the Bible?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are 3 distinct (fairly) well-known Josephs in the Bible, firstly in the Old Testament (mainly):\n\n* Joseph the son of Jacob/Israel (aka The Patriarch Joseph). This Joseph is actually referred to in a few select places in the New Testament: John 4:5; Acts 7:9-18; Hebrews 11:21-22 & Revelation 7:8.\n\nHowever, it's more likely that a Joseph in the New Testament would be one of:\n\n* Joseph husband of Mary and surrogate father of Jesus (aka St. Joseph).\n* Joseph of Arimathea in whose tomb Jesus was laid to rest. \n\nThere's also another 9 or 10 more obscure Josephs referred to in the Bible*, 4 more in the Old Testament*:\n\n* Father of Igal of the tribe of Issachar (cf. Numbers 13:7).\n* One of the \"sons of Asaph\" (cf. 1 Chronicles 25:2 & 9).\n* A descendant of Binnui, a contemporary of Ezra (cf. Ezra 10:38-42).\n* Head of the priestly family of Shekaniah, a contemporary of Nehemiah (cf. Nehemiah 12:14).\n\nAnd 5 or 6 more in the New Testament:\n\n* One of the (half-)brothers of Jesus (often translated as \"Joses\" - cf. Mark 6:3).\n* The son of \"Mary\" and brother of James (possibly/probably The Mary, if so, identical to Joseph number 8. - cf. Mark 15:40 & 47).\n* The son of Mattathais (and father of Jannai) appearing in Luke's genealogy of Jesus (in which Joseph number 2. also appears - cf. Luke 3:24-25).\n* The son of Jonam (and father of Judah) also appearing in Luke's genealogy of Jesus (cf. Luke 3:30).\n* One of the nominees to replace Judas as an apostle, aka Barsabbas aka Justus (cf. Acts 1:23).\n* A Levite from Cyprus aka Barnabas who probably deserves to be listed amongst the \"well-known\" Josephs except that he is almost always referred to as Barnabas instead (cf. Acts 4:36).\n\n*That is in the Protestant Canon, there are another 3 in the Deuterocanonical books: Son of Oziel (great-grandfather of Judith - cf. Judith 8:1); Son of Zechariah (cf. 1 Maccabees 5); Brother of Judas Maccabeus (aka John - cf. 2 Maccabees 8:22).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Para que serve o \"with\" no Python?", + "input": "", + "output": "Ele é usado para garantir finalização de recursos adquiridos.\n\nUm arquivo, por exemplo é aberto. Quem garante que ele será fechado? Mesmo que você coloque no código de forma explícita que ele deve ser fechado, se ocorrer uma exceção, o código sai de escopo sem executar o resto do código que está em escopo, ele pula o fechamento.\nPara evitar isto usamos um ```try finally```. O ```finally``` garante a finalização. Como o código fica um pouco longo e este caso é bastante frequente a linguagem providenciou uma forma simplificada com o ```with```.\nEle consegue manipular objetos que contenham os métodos ```__enter__()``` e ```__exit__()```. Eles são chamados internamente logo no início da execução do bloco criado e dentro do ```finally``` interno criado no bloco.\nNo exemplo citado deve ficar algo parecido com isto internamente:\n```try:\n __enter__()\n open("my_file.txt") as file:\n data = file.read()\n #faça algo com "data"\nfinally:\n __exit__()\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "The question bothers me since February 2022. Why (legally) are Russian combatants in Ukraine considered soldiers (thus POWs when captured) rather than terrorists?\n\n* There is no formal declaration of war.\n* They are members an organization (Russian military) that commits acts of terrors to civilian population in clear violation of international law of war. Moreover, they either directly or indirectly contribute to the mentioned acts of terror.\n* Their state (Russia) explicitly claims that there is no war (thus unilaterally waiving the protection of law of war for Russian forces).\n\nWhy is that particular group of armed people acting in clear violation of Ukrainian law treated as "soldiers in war" rather than state-sponsored criminals?\nNote, that waiving the protection of law of war does not waive the protection of Ukrainian law (right to due process etc.).", + "input": "", + "output": "The third Geneva convention says in its second article (emphasis added):\n> the present Convention shall apply to all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may arise between two or more of the High Contracting Parties, even if the state of war is not recognized by one of them.\n> The Convention shall also apply to all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory of a High Contracting Party, even if the said occupation meets with no armed resistance.\n\nThe violence in Ukraine qualifies for at least two reasons: it is an armed conflict between two high contracting parties, and it is a case of partial occupation of the territory of a high contracting party. "Members of the armed forces" of Russia who have "fallen into the power of [Ukraine]" are therefore protected by the provisions of the convention as prisoners of war as defined in the convention's fourth article.\n\nIt follows from this that the parenthetical commentary in the question's third bullet point is incorrect: refusing to call this "military action" a "war" does not in fact "unilaterally waive the protection of law of war for Russian forces."\n\nAs to the allegation in the second point, even a prisoner of war who is suspected of committing a war crime is entitled to the convention's protections. Any punishment for the war crime is to be imposed by due process of law. The fact that war crimes may have been committed by other elements of Russia's armed forces is even less of a justification to deny the convention's protections to prisoners who are not individually suspected of war crimes.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What are the major branches of philosophy?", + "input": "", + "output": "The traditional branches of philosophy generally include\n* Aesthetics\n* Epistemology \n* Ethics\n* Logic\n* Metaphysics / Ontology\n\nWe can go ahead and add a few contemporary branches on to this (more examples could certainly be adduced):\n* Philosophy of Science [referring to the hard sciences] (Mathematics, Technology, etc.)\n* Philosophy of Politics [referring to the social sciences] (Society, etc.)\n* Philosophy of Religion [actually two things -- question related to the existence of God or gods AND questions relating to the sociological phenomenon of religion. Generally, referring to the former]\n* Philosophy of Value (Axiology)\n* Philosophy of Language\n* Philosophy of Mind \n\nPhilosophy of language and philosophy of mind are sometimes done in ways that mirror the philosophy of the hard sciences [e.g. cognitive science] and sometimes not.\nIn addition, we could add many schools and movements (again, more examples could certainly be added). From the 20th century alone, there is:\n* Phenomenology (Husserl)\n* Schizoanalysis (Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari)\n* Chaosophy (Felix Guattari)\n* Non-philosophy (Francois Laruelle)\n* Existentialism (Sartre, et al.)\n* Vienna Circle/Logical Positivism\n\nFinally, we can also consider the history of philosophy itself as constituting a series of fruitful conjunctions of cultures and eras where ideas were changing. The structure here is taken from Wikipedia's article on the History of Philosophy:\n* Western philosophy\n\t* Ancient philosophy\n\t* Medieval philosophy\n\t* Renaissance philosophy\n\t* Modern philosophy\n\t* Contemporary philosophy\n\n* Eastern philosophy\n\t* Indian philosophy\n\t* Persian philosophy\n\t* Chinese philosophy\n\t* Japanese philosophy\n\t* Buddhist philosophy\n\n* Abrahamic philosophy\n\t* Jewish philosophy\n\t* Christian philosophy\n\t* Islamic philosophy", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Are there any advantages while backpacking to hike during the night and sleep during the day?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are several reasons, though not all of them would apply for one's usual holiday trip.\n\n1. Remaining unseen: Obviously, during night its dark and this gives you a fair bit of cover if you want to remain unseen. This reason for traveling at night is common for many hunters in the animal kingdom (and sometimes also their prey), has been used by humans in insecure or hostile territory for centuries and remains a standard technique for some military operations even today. \n\n2. Evading the elements: Hiking throughout the night and resting in the day can be especially useful in hot, arid conditions. For example in deserts, extreme heat during the day and severe cold in the night often come together. Hiking during the night here serves the double purpose of keeping you active and warm when it is cold while allowing you to save water resources during the day.\n\n3. Boosting morale: When conditions get worse (cold, moisture), getting up during the night and starting to hike will not only make you feel warm again, it will also boost your morale. Being active, and actively coping with a bad situation rather than staying miserable in the tent for the rest of the night will make you feel better.\n\n4. You want to avoid tourists: No, seriously, this is a real case in point. Most people travel during the day and one of the reasons we (or at least, I) get outdoors is to enjoy some quietness in the wild. Depending where you are, hiking at night is your best bet to fulfill this dream.\n\n5. Navigation (only very theoretical): Consider a situation where it is all cloudy during the day (so you do not see the sun), you lack a compass and currently have no sense of direction: if you are capable of navigating with the stars, you might consider waiting until dark and hope that the sky will clear up until then. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have been cautioned against blending:\n\n* Traditional fantasy elements\n\nSuch as magic systems and exotic, less plausible creatures (on a scientific level - magic tends to explain away these beasts)\n\n* Traditional sci-fi elements\n\nSuch as advanced technology and civilizations amidst the stars.\nI have taken it upon myself to harmonize the two in my current worldbuilding project. I know I cannot be the first. I love the creativity found in both, and it is going well so far. I have been exploring the potential for humanity with both tools at their disposal. (Magic and science, essentially)\nWhy do people advise to stick to one or the other?", + "input": "", + "output": " Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.\n - Arthur C Clarke\n\nThere's a reason that science fiction and fantasy are frequently shelved together - separating the two is usually a fools errand.\n\nThe Dragonriders of Pern features a preindustrial society where flying, firebreathing, teleporting, and telepathic dragons defend the skies from horrible creatures that rain down from above. They could easily be considered pure fantasy - up until the book where they discover the spacecraft that the human ancestors flew in on, and the labs where they bioengineered the dragons. \n\nIn Star Wars (arguably the most famous science fiction property of all time), the Force is really just space magic called another name. And they do all their fighting with swords. \n\nThe lists go on and on. Science fiction and fantasy are united in that they explore the impossible. Fantasy uses elements that will never be possible, while science fiction uses elements that theoretically might be possible. But the impossibility is shared. \n\n## Science fiction and fantasy are not a single genre - they are many\n\nEpic fantasy (eg Wheel of Time) and space opera (eg Star Wars) are more similar to each other than they are to urban fantasy or \"hard\" science fiction. \n\nIn some ways, it's inaccurate to call science fiction and fantasy genres at all. They're setting elements. A romance doesn't stop being a romance because it's set on a space station, and a murder mystery isn't any less mysterious because it was an elf who was murdered.\n\nThe key to mixing these elements successfully is to understand the expectations of your readers, and meeting those expectations (but in surprising ways). Genre helps define expectations.\n\nIf you're writing hard SF, readers expect to see a world that's close enough to our own that they can believe that our world could become the world of the story - magic obviously has no place here. \n\nOn the flip side, urban fantasy readers expect the author to have considered the modern world and how it might interact with the impossible. Extrapolations from science to science fiction may be natural depending on the exact nature of the setting.\n\nIf the reader has led to expect that the serial killer is a Scooby-Doo villain, then the sudden reveal that the murders were done with actual magic will violate their expectations and frustrate them (in general - there will of course be exceptions). But if the story is framed as a space cop trying to capture a vampire despite not believing that vampires are real, the readers will accept that premise as well as any other. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why are prions in animal diets not destroyed by the digestive system?", + "input": "", + "output": "Proteases are enzymes in your digestive system that help break down food, acting like molecular-sized scissors that cut up proteins.\n\nProteases have clefts, or subpockets, into which proteins fit, where the substrate (protein) gets cut.\n\nInfectious or pathogenic prions are resistant to proteases, because of their three-dimensional shape, which hides away parts of the prion that would normally fit in proteases and which would cause the prion to be digested.\n\nPrions that do not cause disease — normal prions — have a different three-dimensional shape that allow them to fit into proteases, and so they are not resistant to digestion:\n\nA wealth of evidence contends that the infectious pathogen causing the prion diseases, also referred to as spongiform encephalopathies, is solely comprised of PrPSc, the pathogenic isoform of the prion protein (21-23). Both PrPSc and its normal cellular counterpart, PrPC, are encoded by a cellular gene (2, 19). Physical and molecular characterization of PrPSc and PrPC has failed to reveal any chemical differences between the two isoforms (32). However, PrPSc acquires distinctive conformational characteristics upon its conversion from PrPC. Whereas PrPC is soluble in most detergents and can be easily digested by proteases, PrPScis insoluble in detergents and maintains a protease-resistant core, designated PrP27-30, which polymerizes into amyloid (25).\n\nDr. Neena Singh also discovered that prions "piggyback" or attach to another protein called ferritin, as they make their way through the digestive system:\n\nDisease-causing prions are thought to have passed into people when they ate beef from infected cattle, triggering the brain wasting condition called new-variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, or vCJD. But researchers have not been sure exactly how prions enter the body.\nTo find out, Neena Singh and her team at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, mimicked the process of eating and digesting infected meat.\nThey mashed up brain tissue that contained prions from patients who had a form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. They then exposed it to a range of harsh digestive enzymes from the mouth, stomach and intestine, which normally break proteins into pieces.\nPrions, which are known to be enormously tough, escape this attack almost unscathed, they showed, as does a second type of protein called ferritin, which stores iron and is abundant in meat. The two proteins seem to stick together, they report in the Journal of Neuroscience.\nThe researchers next added the digested slurry to a lab model of the human gut: a growing sheet of cells from the intestinal lining. By attaching fluorescent tags to the two proteins, they showed that they are transported through the cells hand-in-hand. "Prions probably ride piggyback" through the gut wall into the body, Singh says.\n\nAttaching to ferritin may provide additional protection from digestion, insofar as this removes prions from the digestive system, where proteases are concentrated.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How slicing in Python works? Please include references where appropriate.", + "input": "", + "output": "The syntax is:\n\n```\na[start:stop] # items start through stop-1\na[start:] # items start through the rest of the array\na[:stop] # items from the beginning through stop-1\na[:] # a copy of the whole array\n```\n\nThere is also the `step` value, which can be used with any of the above:\n```\na[start:stop:step] # start through not past stop, by step\n```\nThe key point to remember is that the `:stop` value represents the first value that is not in the selected slice. So, the difference between `stop` and `start` is the number of elements selected (if `step` is 1, the default).\n\nThe other feature is that `start` or `stop` may be a negative number, which means it counts from the end of the array instead of the beginning. So:\n```\na[-1] # last item in the array\na[-2:] # last two items in the array\na[:-2] # everything except the last two items\n```\nSimilarly, `step` may be a negative number:\n```\na[::-1] # all items in the array, reversed\na[1::-1] # the first two items, reversed\na[:-3:-1] # the last two items, reversed\na[-3::-1] # everything except the last two items, reversed\n```\n\nPython is kind to the programmer if there are fewer items than you ask for. For example, if you ask for ```a[:-2]``` and ```a``` only contains one element, you get an empty list instead of an error. Sometimes you would prefer the error, so you have to be aware that this may happen.\n\n## Relationship with the ```slice``` object\n\nA slice object can represent a slicing operation, i.e.:\n```\na[start:stop:step]\n```\nis equivalent to:\n```\na[slice(start, stop, step)]\n```\n\nSlice objects also behave slightly differently depending on the number of arguments, similarly to ```range()```, i.e. both ```slice(stop)``` and ```slice(start, stop[, step])``` are supported. To skip specifying a given argument, one might use ```None```, so that e.g. ```a[start:]``` is equivalent to ```a[slice(start, None)]``` or ```a[::-1]``` is equivalent to ```a[slice(None, None, -1)]```.\n\nWhile the ```:```-based notation is very helpful for simple slicing, the explicit use of ```slice()``` objects simplifies the programmatic generation of slicing.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am writing a story where a species undergoes devolution. Is there any scientific or plausible way to do this? The process can be instantaneous or may take ages, I do not mind which as I need to weigh my options at this stage. \nTo be clear, the devolution I am thinking of is like taking a human being then devolving him/her to the primate stage, so lets say about as far back as Orrorin tugenensis or Paranthropus where they are in the midst of evolving from primates to Homo erectus. Please note I used human beings as an example to give context but the species undergoing devolution may not necessarily be human.\nBased on the answers, \"devolution\" does not exist so had the word in quotes to reflect this. ", + "input": "", + "output": "Devolution doesn't really ever occur, organisms simply adapt to best suit their environment over time. A good example is cave dwelling Troglodyte type species that have lost the ability to see. They haven't actually devolved to not have eyes, they simply did not need them and evolved to save valuable energy and nutrients by not growing a sight organ that would be useless in their environment. It isn't devolution, it's still evolution since they are changing to better suit their environment. So, at least as far as natural processes go, a species would need to become stuck in an environment for a few hundred thousand years that heavily discourages intellect, sociability, communication skills, culture, and inventiveness. That's a tough one to come up with since such traits are usually the most powerful ones for surviving something.\n\nSo here's the environment and scenario I'm thinking of. Your smart guy race is in the stone age, its pretty much on par with homo sapiens and where they were at about 10,000-15,000 years ago. But something catastrophic doesn't happen. The world slowly becomes a perfect Eden with very few predators, a perfect climate, and vast endless fields of grain and forests of fruit bearing trees. No ice age, no super-predators like we saw in said ice age. No famines or depredation, no rabid competition between several human subspecies for the same resources. The planet (Henceforth known as paradise) is literally perfect. Too perfect. Why would a species that has as close as possible to absolutely nothing to worry about need to even develop the ability to worry? Those big craniums and complex brains waste space and make childbirth more dangerous than necessary. There is absolutely nothing gained by possessing speech, abstract thought, or cooperative culture when all a species needs to do to be successful is to wander around placidly in small familial groups grazing mindlessly on the limitless amounts of food. Shelter is utterly not necessary since you have a perfect climate, nor is clothing, and food is so ludicrously plentiful there is no need to make tools. Within another 100,000 years your species that was formerly well on their way to developing things like agriculture, warfare, and tribal societies has reverted back to dumb grazers that simply live to eat and reproduce.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I've used GEDCOM to transfer data between desktop software and websites, but it all seems a bit old hat. Is there anything better that will mangle* my data less.\n* For example, GEDCOM can lose some data where the two ends of the system understand a concept which GEDCOM does not have a field for.", + "input": "", + "output": "GEDCOM is the defacto standard for exchanging genealogical data. There are some problems with GEDCOM.\n\n* It is not rich enough to hold all the types of information that different vendor systems manage internally. So exporting GEDCOM from one system may lose information that that system actually holds. Though see point 4 below.\n* There is enough ambiguity in the definition of GEDCOM that different vendors have interpreted a few parts of the format inconsistently. Though they support the same tags, they can't consistently share data that uses those tags.\n* Some systems don't implement all parts of the GEDCOM format. So, when they import GEDCOM data that includes those parts, they lose that information.\n* GEDCOM has facilities that allow different vendors to extend it by adding new tags that allow them to add new types of data to GEDCOM. Others systems that do not use the same set of extensions looe that information on import.\n\nThere have been a few attempts to create new standards and formats for exchanging genealogical data. An older one that is often mentioned is the GenTech model. Recently there have been two efforts underway, Better GEDCOM and GEDCOM-X. Better GEDCOM is now inactive. However, the currently developing FHISO effort evolved from it. GEDCOM-X is an effort of Family Search (an organ of the LDS) and is currently a work in progress.\nA number of individuals have also offered up new formats for archiving and tranferring genealogical data. None of these have generated enough traction to attract critical mass of interest.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is it ever possible that ```(a== 1 && a ==2 && a==3)``` could evaluate to true in JavaScript?", + "input": "", + "output": "If you take advantage of how == works, you could simply create an object with a custom ```toString``` (or ```valueOf```) function that changes what it returns each time it is used such that it satisfies all three conditions.\n```\nconst a = {\n i: 1,\n toString: function () {\n return a.i++;\n }\n}\n\nif(a == 1 && a == 2 && a == 3) {\n console.log('Hello World!');\n}\n```\n\nThe reason this works is due to the use of the loose equality operator. When using loose equality, if one of the operands is of a different type than the other, the engine will attempt to convert one to the other. In the case of an object on the left and a number on the right, it will attempt to convert the object to a number by first calling ```valueOf``` if it is callable, and failing that, it will call ```toString```. I used ```toString``` in this case simply because it's what came to mind, ```valueOf``` would make more sense. If I instead returned a string from ```toString```, the engine would have then attempted to convert the string to a number giving us the same end result, though with a slightly longer path.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Gostaria de saber qual é a real diferença entre o ```String``` (s maiúsculo) e o ```string``` (s minúsculo).\nAparentemente os dois têm os mesmos objetivos, porém qual é \"melhor\" para ser utilizado?", + "input": "", + "output": "Já foi dito que ```string``` é apenas um alias para o tipo ```String```.\nPara deixar claro, não há diferença em performance ou forma como o código é gerado. Há exatamente zero diferença no tratamento de ambas. Elas podem fazer as mesmas coisas, e todos os membros estão disponíveis em qualquer um deles, afinal assim se comporta um alias.\nDiferenças úteis na utilização e escolha:\n\n* ```string``` é apenas uma forma mais simples de usar o tipo ```String``` no C#, ou seja, ```string``` é a forma de "tipar" uma cadeia de caracteres no C# e ```String``` é um tipo do CLR. No C#, dependendo do contexto, é melhor usar uma ou outra forma. O tipo ```String``` presente no namespace ```System``` pode ser usado em qualquer linguagem que se utilize do CLR.\n\n* ```string``` não pode ser usado com reflexão. ```String``` deve ser usado no lugar.\n\n* ```String``` pode ser usado para criar outros aliases:\n``` using str = System.String;\n //...\n str s = "Foi usado outro alias para string.";\n // a variável 's' é do tipo System.String que é o mesmo que ser string\n```\nMas esse é apenas um exemplo, não há necessidade e não é recomendado usar em código real. Existe sim casos que um alias pode ser útil, mas esse apenas dificulta a leitura para quem não está acostumado com isso, sem trazer nenhum benefício.\n\n* Há alguns locais que ocorre o oposto e criar um alias pode trazer mais legibilidade ao código.\n\n* Em outros casos pode ser apenas estranho usar um ou outro e dificultar a leitura.\n\n* Na verdade o tipo ```String``` deve ser usado como ```System.String``` ou onde exista um ```using System```, enquanto que ```string``` pode ser usado em qualquer código que o compilador já entenderá.\n\n* ```String``` pode ser usado como identificador válido. ```string``` é uma palavra reservada e não pode ser um identificador.\n\n* Há uma diferença na forma como o syntax highlight apresenta ambos. Pois uma forma é tipo e a outra é palavra chave.\n\n* Apesar da recomendação geral em usar ```string``` sempre que possível enquanto está programando em C#, há controvérsias no seu uso. Alguns alegam que ```String``` é preferencial para deixar claro, através do Pascal Case, que você está usando um tipo de referência(en).\nMas não faz muito sentido porque ```Int32``` é tipo de valor(en) e também usa PascalCase (ou lowerCamelCase). E ainda ele, apesar de ser tipo de referência, tem semântica de valor. Então mesmo que usasse a lógica de Pascal Case para tipo de referência, e Camel Case (ou (UpperCamelCase) para tipo de valor, pela semântica, que é o que importa, ele deveria ser Camel Case, ou seja, deveria começar com minúsculo mesmo.\nNo CLR o estilo de case é usado para ajudar determinar outras características do identificador.\n\n* É possível substituir o tipo oficial por outro seu com mesmo nome se fizer tudo corretamente. O *alias *apontará para esse novo tipo que tem o mesmo nome e é colocado da mesma forma. Se ele não for exatamente o mesmo nome (incluindo o namespace) aí ele só pode ser usado opcionalmente o que quase inviabiliza o uso real.\n\n\nImportante lembrar que ele é um tipo como outro qualquer por referência com semântica por valor e algumas facilidades que o compilador dá. O mesmo vale se usar ```String```.\nTambém vale lembrar que não existe tipo primitivo em C# (outra referência). Isso existe só como conceito do CLR, mesmo assim não como algo fundamental.\nImportante notar que tudo isso é válido para o C#, outras linguagens como Java, ou até mesmo VB.NET podem ter mais diferenças.\n\n* Documentação oficial do ```string``` dizendo que é um alias.\n* FAQ reafirmando sobre aliases de tipos.\n* ```System.String```.\n\nColoquei no GitHub para referência futura.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm working on a project solo and have to maintain my own code. Usually code review is done not by the code author, so the reviewer can look at the code with the fresh eyes — however, I don't have such luxury. What practices can I employ to more effectively review my own code?", + "input": "", + "output": "First of all, make use of tools to check as much as you can. Tests (backed up with some reasonable code coverage) will give you some confidence of the correctness of the code. Static analysis tools can catch a lot of best practice things. There will always be issues that you need human eyes on to determine though and you will never do as good a job reviewing your own stuff as someone else, there are some things you can do to help however\n\n* Check tests exist and pass (possibly have a target test coverage, though you may need to break this in certain cases, but you should be able to justify why)\n* Check Static analysis passes (there will also be false negatives here but that is fine as long as you can justify why then its fine to suppress them)\n* Maintain a check list of further things to check in review (ideally add this as new static analysis rules if possible) make sure you check anything the SA can't check, e.g., are comments still valid, are things named appropriately (naming things is of course, one of the 2 hard problems known to computer science)\n* If a fault is identified check if the cause is systemic and look at why it wasn't found in earlier tests or reviews\n\nThis of course is useful when you are reviewing others code as well", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Assume an environment with a puppet-managed cluster of different servers - various hardware, software, operating systems, virtual/dedicated, etc.\nWould you choose meaningful hostnames (mysqlmaster01..99, mysqlslave001..999, vpnprimary, vpnbackup, etc.) or would you prefer meaningless hostnames such as characters from a book or movie?\nThe problem I see with meaningful hostnames is that names usually represent a single service and if a server has more than one purpose it gets really messy (especially if server roles change often).\nIsn't mapping a service name to an IP address and maintaining that mapping what DNS is supposed to do?\nWhat are the advantages and drawbacks of both approaches and what actual problems have you had to tackle with the approach you chose?", + "input": "", + "output": "This largely comes down to whether your servers are ```pets``` or ```livestock```.\n\nPets get individual names. They're distinct from each other, and we care about those differences. When one gets sick, we usually try to nurse it back to health. Traditionally, servers have been pets.\n\nLivestock get numbers. They're mostly identical, and what differences there are, we don't care about and usually try to minimize. When one gets sick, we put it down and get another one. Fully virtualized servers, especially IaaS servers such as AWS, are livestock.\n\nIn most complex environments, you have a mix. Your web backends, for instance, are almost certainly livestock. If you need more, you spin up a few more with the standard config; if you don't need as many you turn some off. Your database servers, in some configurations, are pets. There may be a lot of special setup on each; you may even be running them on bare metal instead of virtualization.\n\nOf course, in either environment, you can name SERVICES and address those directly. This is a best practice in any case; your developers shouldn't need to know or care what the actual hostname of a service is. The hostname should be a purely operational detail. Think, then, of encoding information that is useful to your ops staff in the hostnames - for instance, it's often helpful to denote which datacenter a server is in.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Best way to start investing, for a young person just starting their career?", + "input": "", + "output": "First off, I highly recommend the book Get a Financial Life. The basics of personal finance and money management are pretty straightforward, and this book does a great job with it. It is very light reading, and it really geared for the young person starting their career. \n\nNow, with that out of the way, there's really two kinds of \"investing\" to think about:\n\n1. Retirement (401k, IRA, SIMPLE, etc)\n2. Non-Retirement (Brokerage account, investing in individual stocks, day trading, etc)\n\nFor most individuals, it is best to take care of #1 first. Most people shouldn't even think about #2 until they have fully funded their retirement accounts, established an emergency fund, and gotten their debt under control.\n\nThere are lots of financial incentives for retirement investing, both from your employer, and the government. All the more reason to take care of #1 before #2!\n\nYour employer probably offers some kind of 401k (or equivalent, like a 403b) with a company-provided match. This is a potential 100% return on your investment after the vesting period. No investment you make on your own will ever match that. Additionally, there are tax advantages to contributing to the 401k. (The money you contribute doesn't count as taxable income.)\n\n***The best way to start investing is to learn about your employer's retirement plan, and contribute enough to fully utilize the employer matching.***\n\nBeyond this, there are also Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) you can open to contribute money to on your own. You should open one of these and start contributing, but only after you have fully utilized the employer matching with the 401k. The IRA won't give you that 100% ROI that the 401k will.\n\nKeep in mind that retirement investments are pretty much \"walled off\" from your day-to-day financial life. Money that goes into a retirement account generally can't be touched until retirement age, unless you want to pay lots of taxes and penalties. You generally don't want to put the money for your house down payment into a retirement account.\n\nOne other thing to note: Your 401K and your IRA is an account that you put money into. Just because the money is sitting in the account doesn't necessarily mean it is invested. You put the money into this account, and then you use this money for investments. How you invest the retirement money is a topic unto itself. Here is a good starting point.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Quantum state teleportation is the quantum information protocol where a qubit is transferred between two parties using an initial shared entangled state, Bell measurement, classical communication and local rotation. Apparently, there is also something called quantum gate teleportation.\nWhat is quantum gate teleportation and what is it used for?\nI am particularly interested in possible applications in simulating quantum circuits.", + "input": "", + "output": "Quantum gate teleportation is the act of being able to apply a quantum gate on the unknown state while it is being teleported. This is one of the ways in which measurement-based computation can be described using graph states.\n\nUsually, teleportation works by having an unknown quantum state $|\\psi\\rangle$ held by Alice, and two qubits in the Bell state $|\\Psi\\rangle=(|00\\rangle+|11\\rangle)/\\sqrt{2}$ shared between Alice and Bob. Alice performs a Bell state measurement, getting one of 4 possible answers and Bob holds on his qubit, depending on the measurement result of Alice, one of the 4 states $|\\psi\\rangle,X|\\psi\\rangle,Z|\\psi\\rangle,ZX|\\psi\\rangle.$ So, once Bob learns what result Alice got, he can compensate by applying the appropriate Paulis.\n\nLet $U$ be a 1-qubit unitary. Assume Alice and Bob share $(\\mathbb{I}\\otimes U)|\\Psi\\rangle$ instead of $|\\Psi\\rangle$. If they repeat the teleportation protocol, Bob now has one of $U|\\psi\\rangle,UX|\\psi\\rangle,UZ|\\psi\\rangle,UZX|\\psi\\rangle$, which we can rewrite as $U|\\psi\\rangle,(UXU^\\dagger)U|\\psi\\rangle,(UZU^\\dagger)U|\\psi\\rangle,(UZXU^\\dagger)U|\\psi\\rangle.$ The compensations that Bob has to make for a given measurement result are given by the bracketed terms. Often, these are no worse than the compensations you would have to make for normal teleportation (i.e. just the Pauli rotations). For example, if $U$ is the Hadamard rotation, then the corrections are just $(\\mathbb{I},Z,X,XZ)$ respectively. So, you can apply the Hadamard during teleportation just be changing the state that you teleport through (There is a strong connection here to the Choi-Jamiołkowski isomorphism). You can do the same for Pauli gates, and the phase gate $\\sqrt{Z}=S$. Moreover, if you repeat this protocol to build up a more complicated computation, it is often sufficient to keep a record of what these corrections are, and to apply them later.\n\nEven if you don't only need the Pauli gates (as is the case for $T=\\sqrt{S}$), the compensations may be easier than implementing the gate directly. This is the basis of the construction of the fault-tolerant T gate.\n\nIn fact, you can do something similar to apply a controlled-NOT between a pair of qubits as well. This time, the state you need is $|\\Psi\\rangle_{A_1B_1}|\\Psi\\rangle_{A_1B_1}$, and a controlled-NOT applied between $B_1$ and $B_2$. This time, there are 16 possible compensating rotations, but all of them are just about how Pauli operations propagate through the action of a controlled-NOT and, again, that just gives Pauli operations out.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What does it mean for an album to be remastered?", + "input": "", + "output": "Mastering is a separate art from recording or mixing. According to the Wikipedia article, the principle processes of mastering are:\n\n* Editing minor flaws.\n* Applying noise reduction to eliminate clicks, dropouts, hum and hiss.\n* Adjusting stereo width.\n* Adding ambience.\n* Equalize audio across tracks for the purpose of optimized frequency distribution.\n* Adjust volume.\n* Dynamic range compression or expansion.\n* Peak limit.\n* Dither.\n\nThe common thread between these processes is that they can be performed on the complete mixed recording, not just on individual tracks of a recording. Because of this, mastering can be performed at any time on any audio source.\nAs for the reason why so many works are remastered, the most likely reason is to keep up with new home theater audio formats. If you have a massive 7.2 surround system, it would be a shame if there wasn't a professionally mastered 7.2 format of \"Dark Side of the Moon\" to utilize that power. Every time new audio encoding formats become widespread (48kHz at 16bits, 92kHz at 24bits, etc.), your favorite audio source will need to be remastered to sound good in that format.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What's the best way to iterate over the items in a ```HashMap```?", + "input": "", + "output": "Extracted from the reference How to Iterate Over a Map in Java:\nThere are several ways of iterating over a ```Map``` in Java. Let's go over the most common methods and review their advantages and disadvantages. Since all maps in Java implement the Map interface, the following techniques will work for any map implementation (```HashMap```, ```TreeMap```, ```LinkedHashMap```, ```Hashtable```, etc.)\n\nMethod #1: Iterating over entries using a For-Each loop.\nThis is the most common method and is preferable in most cases. It should be used if you need both map keys and values in the loop.\n```Map map = new HashMap();\nfor (Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()) {\n System.out.println(\"Key = \" + entry.getKey() + \", Value = \" + entry.getValue());\n}\n```\nNote that the For-Each loop was introduced in Java 5, so this method is working only in newer versions of the language. Also a For-Each loop will throw ```NullPointerException``` if you try to iterate over a map that is null, so before iterating you should always check for null references.\n\nMethod #2: Iterating over keys or values using a For-Each loop.\nIf you need only keys or values from the map, you can iterate over keySet or values instead of entrySet.\n```Map map = new HashMap();\n// Iterating over keys only\nfor (Integer key : map.keySet()) {\n System.out.println(\"Key = \" + key);\n}\n// Iterating over values only\nfor (Integer value : map.values()) {\n System.out.println(\"Value = \" + value);\n}\n```\nThis method gives a slight performance advantage over ```entrySet``` iteration (about 10% faster) and is more clean.\n\nMethod #3: Iterating using Iterator.\nUsing Generics:\n```Map map = new HashMap();\nIterator> entries = map.entrySet().iterator();\nwhile (entries.hasNext()) {\n Map.Entry entry = entries.next();\n System.out.println(\"Key = \" + entry.getKey() + \", Value = \" + entry.getValue());\n}\n```\nWithout Generics:\n```Map map = new HashMap();\nIterator entries = map.entrySet().iterator();\nwhile (entries.hasNext()) {\n Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) entries.next();\n Integer key = (Integer)entry.getKey();\n Integer value = (Integer)entry.getValue();\n System.out.println(\"Key = \" + key + \", Value = \" + value);\n}\n```\nYou can also use same technique to iterate over ```keySet``` or values.\nThis method might look redundant, but it has its own advantages. First of all, it is the only way to iterate over a map in older versions of Java. The other important feature is that it is the only method that allows you to remove entries from the map during iteration by calling ```iterator.remove()```. If you try to do this during For-Each iteration you will get \"unpredictable results\" according to Javadoc.\nFrom a performance point of view this method is equal to a For-Each iteration.\n\nMethod #4: Iterating over keys and searching for values (inefficient).\n```Map map = new HashMap();\nfor (Integer key : map.keySet()) {\n Integer value = map.get(key);\n System.out.println(\"Key = \" + key + \", Value = \" + value);\n}\n```\nThis might look like a cleaner alternative for method #1, but in practice it is pretty slow and inefficient as getting values by a key might be time-consuming (this method in different Map implementations is 20%-200% slower than method #1). If you have FindBugs installed, it will detect this and warn you about inefficient iteration. This method should be avoided.\n\nConclusion:\nIf you need only keys or values from the map, use method #2. If you are stuck with older version of Java (less than 5) or planning to remove entries during iteration, you have to use method #3. Otherwise use method #1.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why did people start using CO2 (instead of e.g. oxygen) for carbonated drinks?", + "input": "", + "output": "CO2 tastes good! Carbonated water is actually a weak carbonic acid solution; this is what you taste. It's like \"salt and pepper\", but for water.\n\nSlightly acidic water is usually popular, hence lemon juice is sometimes used to taint a jug of water in times when no carbonated water is available.\n\nCarbonated water releases CO2 bubbles for many minutes after pressure is released (dissolved carbonic acid reforming), which is an important presentation effect that other gases do not generally have.\n\nIn many countries the local water supply is slightly alkaline (due to limestone rock being very common), and this can leave a bad after-taste, and make food in your mouth taste soapy. The addition of weak acids to water helps with neutralising this effect.\n\nAround the world, some lucky towns have natural springs with effervescent water (carbonated water), and man-made carbonated water is just imitating this. In history people have often travelled great distances to try effervescent water, so its popularity is well recorded.\n\nNitrogen is used for water pressurisation in brewing and cooking as it leaves little or no taste, and generally does not form other chemical compounds. It's used mainly when bubbles are required, but not an acidic taste.\n\nOxygen is unsuitable for water pressurisation as very little can be dissolved at normal soda pressures, and it has no taste, but may readily form unwanted chemical compounds.\n\nIn the 18th century, Joseph Priestley was the first person to document this manufacturing discovery. He noted precisely that it tasted good, and that it was similar to the German Selters water. He was discovering \"airs\" (gases), and uniquely identified quite a few different gases. CO2 was the only one he listed as tasting good. His cheap source of CO2 was the fermenting grains from the nearby brewery.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Say I have a file ```/templates/apple``` and I want to\n\n* put it in two different places and then\n* remove the original.\n\nSo, ```/templates/apple``` will be copied to ```/templates/used``` AND ```/templates/inuse```\nand then after that I’d like to remove the original.\nIs ```cp``` the best way to do this, followed by ```rm```? Or is there a better way?\nI want to do it all in one line so I’m thinking it would look something like:\n```cp /templates/apple /templates/used | cp /templates/apple /templates/inuse | rm /templates/apple\n```\nIs this the correct syntax?", + "input": "", + "output": "You are using ```|``` (pipe) to direct the output of a command into another command. What you are looking for is ```&&``` operator to execute the next command only if the previous one succeeded:\n```cp /templates/apple /templates/used && cp /templates/apple /templates/inuse && rm /templates/apple\n```\nOr \n```cp /templates/apple /templates/used && mv /templates/apple /templates/inuse\n```\n\nTo summarize (non-exhaustively) bash's command operators/separators:\n\n* ```|``` pipes (pipelines) the standard output (```stdout```) of one command into the standard input of another one. Note that ```stderr``` still goes into its default destination, whatever that happen to be.\n* ```|&```pipes both ```stdout``` and ```stderr``` of one command into the standard input of another one. Very useful, available in bash version 4 and above.\n* ```&&``` executes the right-hand command of ```&&``` only if the previous one succeeded.\n* ```||``` executes the right-hand command of ```||``` only it the previous one failed.\n* ```;``` executes the right-hand command of ```;``` always regardless whether the previous command succeeded or failed. Unless ```set -e``` was previously invoked, which causes ```bash``` to fail on an error.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "When are Decision Diagrams the right way to model and solve a problem?", + "input": "", + "output": "Decision diagrams (DDs) are most effective when they can compactly represent a large (perhaps exponential) set of solutions. This is done by merging equivalent states in each layer. To make decision diagrams scalable, we can use relaxed decision diagrams which allow merging nodes that are not necessarily equivalent. Relaxed decision diagrams provide dual bounds on the objective function -- a larger width can produce a stronger bound.\nThe relationship between the size of the decision diagram and the underlying combinatorial structure of the problem is well studied in the computer science literature; see for example the textbook by Wegener. The most important feature that influences the size is the variable ordering. We can use this to come up with some general guidelines on when a DD may be successful for combinatorial optimization:\n\n* The problem has a sequential structure, and decisions for stage $i$ depend only on the decisions made in stages $i-k$ through $i-1$, for small $k$.\n* The induced width of the constraint graph of the problem is small.\n* For a MIP model, the constraint matrix has a small bandwidth.\n* For knapsack-like problems, the maximum `budget' is relatively small.\n\nNote that in some of the above cases, precise characterization of 'small' may yield (pseudo-)polynomial bounds on the size of the exact DD. In practice, relaxed DDs will always have polynomial size.\nThere are several areas of combinatorial optimization in which decision diagrams have been successfully applied:\n\n* Sequencing and routing problems. For example, single machine scheduling with setup times, time windows, and/or precedence constraints, which can also be applied to constrained traveling salesperson problems. A similar decision diagram representation was used by Grubhub to solve pickup-and-delivery problems.\n* Decomposition and embedding in MIP models. Decision diagrams have been used to represent subproblems in MIP models that are otherwise difficult to linearize. For example, to represent nonlinear objective functions, constrained employee schedules, or nonlinear circuit design. DDs have also been used in column generation.\n* Graph-theoretic problems. Examples include set covering, maximum independent set, and maximum cut.\n* Constraint programming. Constraint propagation based on (relaxed) decision diagrams can be much more effective than propagating domains of individual variables. This was first demonstrated on overlapping alldifferent constraints.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Essentially, I have a protagonist who I set up as a 'main' good guy in one of my series. However, in my final series, I intend to make him turn to the dark side and oppose my other protagonists (from my other series). It's clear in his series that the protagonist-turned-antagonist is very devious, and he has had hostile intentions previously towards the protagonists of the other series.\nMy question:\nShould I avoid turning my protagonist into an antagonist? Are there any foreseeable problems with this? Will this be a problem for readers? Any tips or tricks to handle this?", + "input": "", + "output": "Sounds like a great idea!\n\nSeriously though: the antagonist is the single most important character to any plot. The very best antagonists have motivations and feelings that readers can understand and empathize with. A former protagonist as an antagonist sounds really good. Both the reader and the author should be in for a fun ride, because it is very likely you will see your character grow in ways you didn't expect when you had them boxed in as a \"good guy\". \n\nThink about people you know in real life. If you really observe people, you come to understand that nobody is a \"good guy\". Sure there are people who are generally good and generally do good things, but nobody is perfect, and even the best people have thoughts and motivations you may not approve of. Even more interesting is the fact that two people can be absolutely opposed to one another without either one being objectively \"wrong\" or \"evil\". They might just have goals and motivations that are diametrically opposed.\n\nImagine a city council wants more tax money to build a park. A local business wants to pay less tax money so they can afford to give Christmas bonuses. The business owner isn't \"evil\", in fact, he wants to give Christmas bonuses! The city council isn't \"evil\" either, they just want a park for the kids. Sometimes goals just conflict in an irreconcilable way. That's the real world. That kind of plot provides a lot more food for thought than a two dimensional \"good versus evil\" morning cartoon romp. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'd never heard of anycast until a few seconds ago when I read \"What are some cool or useful server/networking tricks?\".\nThe wikipedia \"Anycast\" article on it is quite formal and doesn't really evoke a mental picture of how it would be used.\nCan someone explain in a few informal sentences what \"anycast\" is, how you configure it (just in a general sense), and what its benefits are (what does it make easier)?", + "input": "", + "output": "Anycast is networking technique where the same IP prefix is advertised from multiple locations. The network then decides which location to route a user request to, based on routing protocol costs and possibly the 'health' of the advertising servers.\n\nThere are several benefits to anycast. First, in steady state, users of an anycast service (DNS is an excellent example) will always connect to the 'closest' (from a routing protocol perspective) DNS server. This reduces latency, as well as providing a level of load-balancing (assuming that your consumers are evenly distributed around your network).\nAnother advantage is ease of configuration management. Rather than having to configure different DNS servers depending on where a server/workstation is deployed (Asia, America, Europe), you have one IP address that is configured in every location.\n\nDepending on how anycast is implemented, it can also provide a level of high availability. If the advertisement of the anycast route is conditional on some sort of health check (e.g. a DNS query for a well known domain, in this example), then as soon as a server fails its route can be removed. Once the network reconverges, user requests will be seamlessly forwarded to the next closest instance of DNS, without the need for any manual intervention or reconfiguration.\n\nA final advantage is that of horizontal scaling; if you find that one server is being overly loaded, simply deploy another one in a location that would allow it to take some proportion of the overloaded server's requests. Again, as no client configuration is required, this can be done very quickly.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "$A$ and $B$ are $n \\times n$ matrices and $v$ is a vector with $n$ elements. $Av$ has $\\approx 2n^2$ flops and $A+B$ has $n^2$ flops. Following this logic, $(A+B)v$ should be faster than $Av+Bv$.\nYet, when I run the following code in matlab\n```A = rand(2000,2000);\nB = rand(2000,2000);\nv = rand(2000,1);\ntic\nD=zeros(size(A));\nD = A;\nfor i =1:100\n D = A + B;\n (D)*v;\nend\ntoc\ntic\nfor i =1:100\n (A*v+B*v);\nend\ntoc\n```\nThe opposite is true. Av+Bv is over twice as fast. Any explanations?", + "input": "", + "output": "Except for code which does a significant number of floating-point operations on data that are held in cache, most floating-point intensive code is performance limited by memory bandwidth and cache capacity rather than by flops.\n$v$ and the products $Av$ and $Bv$ are all vectors of length 2000 (16K bytes in double precision), which will easily fit into a level 1 cache. The matrices $A$ and $B$ are 2000 by 2000 or about 32 megabytes in size. Your level 3 cache might be large enough to store one of these matrices if you've got a really good processor.\n\nComputing $Av$ requires reading 32 megabytes (for $A$) in from memory, reading in 16K bytes (for $v$) storing intermediate results in the L1 cache and eventually writing 16K bytes out to memory. Multiplying $Bv$ takes the same amount of work. Adding the two intermediate results to get the final result requires a trivial amount of work. That's a total of roughly 64 megabytes of reads and an insignificant number of writes.\n\nComputing $(A+B)$ requires reading 32 megabytes (for A) plus 32 megabytes (for B) from memory and writing 32 megabytes (for A+B) out. Then you have to do a single matrix-vector multiplication as above which involves reading 32 megabytes from memory (if you've got a big L3 cache, then perhaps this 32 megabytes is in that L3 cache.) That's a total of 96 megabytes of reads and 32 megabytes of writes.\n\nThus there's twice as much memory traffic involved in computing this as $(A+B)v$ instead of $Av+Bv$.\n\nNote that if you have to do many of these multiplications with different vectors $v$ but the same $A$ and $B$, then it will become more efficient to compute $A+B$ once and reuse that matrix for the matrix-vector multiplications. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I came across a piece of code ```void *p = &&abc;```. What is the significance of ```&&``` here?\nI know about rvalue references but I think ```&&``` used in this context is different. What does ```&&``` indicate in ```void *p = &&abc;``` ?", + "input": "", + "output": "## How to find it out\n\nThat's the address of a label and it's a feature specific to GCC.\n```int main(void) {\n void* startp;\ns:\n startp = &&s;\n printf("the assignment above starts at address %p\\n", startp);\n return 0;\n}\n```\nYou could have figured it out yourself by testing:\n```int main(void) {\n void* startp;\n int a;\n startp = &&a;\n printf("startp=%p\\n", startp);\n return 0;\n}\n```\nIn which case GCC says:\n\n> error: label ‘a’ used but not defined\n\n## Under the hood - assembly\n\nYou need to know assembler to really understand this, but I'll try to explain you what an address of a label means.\nAfter the OS loads the .exe file from the disk, a component of the operating system called "the loader" (windows has the "PE Loader", linux has "ELF loader" or maybe even others, if they're compiled in the kernel), it does a "virtualization" of that program, turning it into a process.\nThis process thinks it is the only one in RAM and it has access to the entire RAM (that is, 0x00000000-0xFFFFFFFF on a 32-bit machine).\n(the above is just a short overwiew of what's happenning, you really need to learn assembly to understand it fully, so bear with me)\nNow, the label in a source code is basically an address. "goto label;" does nothing else than a jump to that address (think about the instruction pointer in assembly). This label stores this RAM address, and that's how you can find out that address.\nAfter you've learned ASM, you'll realize that that address points to a instruction within the ```.text``` section of the executable. The ```.text``` section is the one which holds you program's (binary) code to be executed.\n\nYou can inspect this with:\n```\nobjdump -x a.out\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "When I execute \"```python```\" from the terminal with no arguments it brings up the Python interactive shell.\nWhen I execute \"```cat | python```\" from the terminal it doesn't launch the interactive mode. Somehow, without getting any input, it has detected that it is connected to a pipe.\nHow would I do a similar detection in C or C++ or Qt?", + "input": "", + "output": "You can use ```isatty```:\n```\n#include \n#include \n... \nif (isatty(fileno(stdin)))\n printf( \"stdin is a terminal\\n\" );\nelse\n printf( \"stdin is a file or a pipe\\n\");\n```\nOn windows they're prefixed with underscores: ```_isatty```, ```_fileno```.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "\"The video of Pythom Space's first rocket test has raised a few eyebrows\n\nThe video prompted hundreds of replies on Twitter, including some from rather horrified rocket scientists. "We knew better as untrained college students," said Jordan Noone, the co-founder of Relativity Space.\n\nPythom “Micro jump”\nWhat exactly did they get wrong with this test?\nNote: The Pythom Space CEO did eventually respond to the original Ars Technica story linked above. It does offer their own take on some of the issues raised there and elsewhere (including some of the points in the answer below)\"", + "input": "", + "output": "The easy-to-spot stuff:\n\n* (assumed) Improper transportation of hazardous materials. Both white fuming nitric acid and furfuryl alcohol are considered hazardous materials; none of the vehicles in the video appears to have a hazmat placard, the rocket is not an approved hazmat container, and the fuel containers seen in other videos are emphatically not approved.\n* No personal protective gear. Nitric acid and furfurly alcohol are both toxic, and heavy loads are being lifted. Nobody is seen wearing any sort of protective gear, not even hard hats or safety glasses.\n* Insecure rigging when lifting the test object upright. A strap, particularly one being pulled at a sharp angle, is far less safe than a proper lifting point.\n* Bad angle when lifting the test object upright. This puts excess loads on things, increasing the risk of a fall or failure.\n* Using unbraced legs as a pivot point when lifting the test object upright. You can see they're on the verge of buckling.\n* (assumed) Lifting the test object while already fueled. In the event of a fall, this ensures an explosion if the tanks rupture, as the fuels are hypergolic.\n* Having people stand under a suspended load. If the test object falls, this will cause serious injury or death to at least two people.\n* Using a truck to pull the lifting cable. This provides far less control than a proper winch.\n* Having personnel in the blast area of the test object. In the event of an failure, this makes it highly likely that they will be engulfed in the fireball, struck by debris, or poisoned by fuel vapors.\n* Having personnel in the exhaust area of the test object. Even during normal operation, they will be exposed to nitric acid, furfuryl alcohol, and assorted nitrogen oxides, all of which are highly toxic.\n* Having unnecessary equipment in the test area. In the event of a failure, this can become additional flying debris.\n* Not properly securing the test object. In the event of higher-than-expected performance, this will become self-propelled debris; in the event of a premature shutdown, the resulting hop-and-crash will rupture the fuel tanks and cause an explosion.\n* Not providing a flight termination system. In the event that the test object becomes airborne, they have no way of keeping it from leaving the test area.\n* (assumed) Insufficient fire-extinguishing equipment on site. None of the area views show a pumper truck or other equipment capable of dealing with a brush fire ignited by 15+ kg of hypergolic fuels.\n* Improper fire-extinguishing equipment. At one point, you can see what appears to be an ordinary dry-chemical fire extinguisher. This should not be used when dealing with nitric acid.\n* Oxidizer-rich shutdown. You can see see the reddish cloud of nitric-acid byproducts at the end of the burn; this is likely the result of the oxidizer reacting with the engine.\n* (assumed) No post-burn decontamination of the area. The celebratory post-burn shot shows no sign of cleanup. Combined with the oxidizer-rich shutdown, this means they're likely walking through an area contaminated with nitric acid.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "When should I use wp_register_script() with wp_enqueue_script() vs just wp_enqueue_script()?", + "input": "", + "output": "The ```wp_register_script()``` Codex page literally says:\n\n A safe way of registering javascripts in WordPress for later use with ```wp_enqueue_script()```.\n\nThis means, if you want to register your scripts, but not directly load them in your pages, you can register the files once, and then load them when you need them.\n\nFor example:\nYou have a switch statement wich loads some functionality, but two of three cases needs a particular javascript file, and one doesn't. You can enqueue the script every time, wich costs more resources, or just enqueue the script when you need it:\n```...\nwp_register_script( 'my-handy-javascript', ... );\n...\nswitch( $somevar ) {\n case 'value':\n wp_enqueue_script( 'my-handy-javascript' ); // needs the file\n ...\n break;\n case 'value2':\n wp_enqueue_script( 'my-handy-javascript' ); // needs the file\n ...\n break;\n default:\n case 'value3': // doesn't needs the file\n ...\n break;\n}\n```\nIt is not necessary to register a script and then enqueue them, but it can provide some logic in your code if you register all the scripts you need somewhere in your ```functions.php``` instead of everywhere in your code.\n\nThe Codex also tells the following:\n\n Use the ```wp_enqueue_scripts``` action to call this function, or ```admin_enqueue_scripts``` to call it on the admin side.\n\nThis means that if you want to enqueue your script on the frond-end and in the back-end, you can register a script once, and then load it on the front-end with ```wp_enqueue_script``` and in the back-end with ```admin_enqueue_script```.\nThis way you won't have the same enqueue recourse twice in one theme, plugin, widget or whatever.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "When encoding a logic into a proof assistant such as Coq or Isabelle, a choice needs to be made between using a shallow and a deep embedding. In a shallow embedding logical formulas are written directly in the logic of the theorem prover, whereas in a deep embedding logical formulas are represented as a datatype. \n\n* What are the advantages and\nlimitations of the various\napproaches?\n* Are there any guidelines available for determining which to use? \n* Is it possible to switch between the two representations in any systematic fashion?\n\nAs motivation, I would like to encode various security related logics into Coq and am wondering what the pros and cons of the different approaches are.", + "input": "", + "output": "> What are the advantages and limitations of the various approaches?\n\n* Pros of deep embeddings : You can prove and define things by induction on formulas' structure. Examples of interests are the size of a formula. \n* Cons of deep embeddings: You have do deal explicitly with binding of variables. That's usually very laborious. \n\n> Are there any guidelines available for determining which to use ?\n\nShallow embeddings are very useful to import result proved in the object logic. For instance, if you have prove something in a small logic (e.g. separation logic) shallow embeddings can be a tool of choice to import your result in Coq.\nOn the other side, deep embedding are almost mandatory when you want to prove meta-theorems about the object logic (like cut-elimination for instance). \n\n> Is it possible to switch between the two representations in any systematic fashion?\n\nThe idea behind the shallow embedding is really to work directly in a model of the object formulas. Usually people will maps an object formula P directly (using notations or by doing the translation by hand) to an inhabitant of Prop. Of course, there are inhabitants of Prop which cannot be obtained by embedding a formula of the object logic. Therefore you lose some kind of completeness. \n\nSo it is possible to send every result obtained in a deep embedding setting through an interpretation function. \nHere is a little coq example: \n```\nInductive formula : Set :=\n Ftrue : formula\n | Ffalse : formula\n | Fand : formula -> formula -> formula\n | For : formula -> formula -> formula.\nFixpoint interpret (F : formula) : Prop := match F with\n Ftrue => True\n | Ffalse => False\n | Fand a b => (interpret a) /\\ (interpret b)\n | For a b => (interpret a) \\/ (interpret b)\n end.\nInductive derivable : formula -> Prop :=\n deep_axiom : derivable Ftrue\n | deep_and : forall a b, derivable a -> derivable b -> derivable (Fand a b)\n | deep_or1 : forall a b, derivable a -> derivable (For a b)\n | deep_or2 : forall a b, derivable b -> derivable (For a b).\nInductive sderivable : Prop -> Prop :=\n shallow_axiom : sderivable True\n | shallow_and : forall a b, sderivable a -> sderivable b -> sderivable (a /\\ b)\n | shallow_or1 : forall a b, sderivable a -> sderivable (a \\/ b)\n | shallow_or2 : forall a b, sderivable b -> sderivable (a \\/ b).\n(* You can prove the following lemma: *)\nLemma shallow_deep :\n forall F, derivable F -> sderivable (interpret F).\n(* You can NOT prove the following lemma :*)\nLemma t :\n forall P, sderivable P -> exists F, interpret F = P.\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Prove that the union of countably many countable sets is countable.", + "input": "", + "output": "Let's start with a quick review of \"countable\". A set is countable if we can set up a 1-1 correspondence between the set and the natural numbers. As an example, let's take $\\mathbb{Z}$, which consists of all the integers. Is $\\mathbb Z$ countable?\n\nIt may seem uncountable if you pick a naive correspondence, say $1 \\mapsto 1$, $2 \\mapsto 2 ...$, which leaves all of the negative numbers unmapped. But if we organize the integers like this:\n$$0$$\n$$1, -1$$\n$$2, -2$$\n$$3, -3$$\n$$...$$\n\nWe quickly see that there is a map that works. Map 1 to 0, 2 to 1, 3 to -1, 4 to 2, 5 to -2, etc. So given an element $x$ in $\\mathbb Z$, we either have that $1 \\mapsto x$ if $x=0$, $2x \\mapsto x$ if $x > 0$, or $2|x|+1 \\mapsto x$ if $x . So the integers are countable.\n\nWe proved this by finding a map between the integers and the natural numbers. So to show that the union of countably many sets is countable, we need to find a similar mapping. First, let's unpack \"the union of countably many countable sets is countable\":\n1. \"countable sets\" pretty simple. If $S$ is in our set of sets, there's a 1-1 correspondence between elements of $S$ and $\\mathbb N$.\n2. \"countably many countable sets\" we have a 1-1 correspondence between $\\mathbb N$ and the sets themselves. In other words, we can write the sets as $S_1$, $S_2$, $S_3$... Let's call the set of sets $\\{S_n\\}, n \\in \\mathbb N$.\n3. \"union of countably many countable sets is countable\". There is a 1-1 mapping between the elements in $\\mathbb N$ and the elements in $S_1 \\cup S_2 \\cup S_3 ...$\n\nSo how do we prove this? We need to find a correspondence, of course. Fortunately, there's a simple way to do this. Let $s_{nm}$ be the $mth$ element of $S_n$. We can do this because $S_n$ is by definition of the problem countable. We can write the elements of ALL the sets like this:\n$$s_{11}, s_{12}, s_{13} ...$$\n$$s_{21}, s_{22}, s_{23} ...$$\n$$s_{31}, s_{32}, s_{33} ...$$\n$$...$$\nNow let $1 \\mapsto s_{11}$, $2 \\mapsto s_{12}$, $3 \\mapsto s_{21}$, $4 \\mapsto s_{13}$, etc. You might notice that if we cross out every element that we've mapped, we're crossing them out in diagonal lines. With $1$ we cross out the first diagonal, $2-3$ we cross out the second diagonal, $4-6$ the third diagonal, $7-10$ the fourth diagonal, etc. The $nth$ diagonal requires us to map $n$ elements to cross it out. Since we never \"run out\" of elements in $\\mathbb N$, eventually given any diagonal we'll create a map to every element in it. Since obviously every element in $S_1 \\cup S_2 \\cup S_3 ...$ is in one of the diagonals, we've created a 1-1 map between $\\mathbb N$ and the set of sets.\n\nLet's extend this one step further. What if we made $s_{11} = 1/1$, $s_{12} = 1/2$, $s_{21} = 2/1$, etc? Then $S_1 \\cup S_2 \\cup S_3 ... = \\mathbb Q^+$! This is how you prove that the rationals are countable. Well, the positive rationals anyway. Can you extend these proofs to show that the rationals are countable?", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Você encontra na internet a afirmação que Singletons são ruins. Isto é verdade? Por quê?\nO problema seria generalizado para quaisquer objetos com instância única? Ou para qualquer coisa que tenha estado global?\nSe é tão ruim, pra que foi inventado? Ou seja, que problema ele queria resolver?\nQuais os problemas que terei se usá-lo?\nExiste alternativa viável?", + "input": "", + "output": "Muito da polêmica ocorre pela falta de uma contextualização. Não vejo nada que desabone o padrão Sigleton quando usado no contexto correto. Sim, ele pode causar muito mal, assim como qualquer padrão de projeto aplicado indevidamente sem análise do impacto e dos efeitos colaterais.\n\n###Porque não usar\n* Acoplamento. Ao usar um Singleton você está acoplando o código a uma implementação estática e específica. Isso torna o seu código dependente dessa classe e impede, por exemplo, criar mocks em testes unitários. Desse ponto de vista a consequência é basicamente a mesma de fazer diretamente um ```new MeuObjetoImportante()```, pois é uma dependência direta da classe.\n* Escopo. O padrão Singleton aplicado conforme a definição também elimina o conceito de escopo. Isso significa que se você por alguma razão decidir que para determinados componentes da aplicação você precisa de outra implementação terá que alterar manualmente todas as classes.\n* Não garantia de uma instância única. Em certos casos o padrão pode levar à falsa segurança de que existirá apenas uma instância. Vamos supor que você projete um sistema web e quer dar acesso a um arquivo ou recurso exclusivo. Um Singleton parece uma boa prática, não é? Mas e se amanhã você fizer o deploy da aplicação em um cluster com N servidores.\n\nNo caso de Java isso também é bem complicado, pois não existe isso de uma classe por JVM. O conceito correto é uma classe por ```ClassLoader```, de forma que num mesmo servidor JEE duas aplicações diferentes podem ter, cada uma, sua própria versão de uma mesma classe. As variáveis estáticas não são compartilhadas entre essas versões da mesma classe, portanto o escopo do Singleton em Java é por ```ClassLoader``` e não por programa.\n\n###Porque usar\nEm algumas situações você sabe que vai ter só uma instância da classe. Em uma aplicação Desktop, por exemplo, não há porque ter \"frescuras\" adicionais para obter uma conexão com o banco de dados. \nTambém não vejo problemas em um objeto encapsulando alguns atributos de configuração globais. Simplesmente não valeria o esforço de implementar algum mecanismo muito elaborado para algo tão simples.\n\n###Como usar\nQuando pensamos em Singleton, logo a implementação clássica do Gang of Four nos vêm à mente. Os tópicos anteriores desta resposta consideraram isso. Porém, com a ascensão do uso de frameworks de Inversão de Controle (IoC) e Injeção de Dependência (DI), existe hoje uma forma muito mais \"segura\" e flexível de implementar o padrão: deixe o framework cuidar disso para você!\n\n###Como evitar o Singleton\nApesar de implementações mais simples poderem usar o padrão Singleton da forma \"clássica\" sem problemas, em geral seria melhor aplicar a Inversão de Controle simplesmente deixar a instância de suas dependências serem injetadas. Dessa forma, caso amanhã os requisitos mudem e você preciso injetar diferentes instâncias, ou mesmo queira criar mocks de teste, basta configurar seu container ou framework para tal, sem alterar as implementações existentes.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "The construction of Solomon's temple includes a piece of furnishing described in 1 Kings 7:23 (ESV):\n\n Then he made the sea of cast metal. It was round, ten cubits from brim to brim, and five cubits high, and a line of thirty cubits measured its circumference.\n\nSo if the ```diameter = 10``` cubits and the ```circumference = 30``` cubits, then ```π = 3``` by the equation ```C = π * D```.\nOf course, such an object does not exist since ```π = 3.14159...``` yet clearly the sea was constructed at some point. So how do we resolve this contradiction?", + "input": "", + "output": "To start with, compare the circle the diameter we're given would make with the circle the circumference we're given would make: \nSince a circumference is π times the diameter, a 'pure' circle of 10 cubits in diameter as we describe the sea as having would be 10π cubits in circumference, or roughly 31.4 cubits. \nNow, since the circumference attributed to our sea is only 30 cubits, it represents a smaller circle, which is 30/π or roughly 9.55 cubits in diameter. \nOr to tabulate it:\n```Circle A: ~9.55 cubits diameter, 30 cubits circumference\nCircle B: 10 cubits diameter, ~31.4 cubits circumference\n```\nGiven that, we have two diameters differing by about .45 cubits (about eight inches on an 18-inch cubit--a sizable difference). \nSince we know the sea was a physical object and not a circle bounded by an infinitesimal line, we can safely understand that the sea must be of some thickness; on this ground, it would not be unreasonable to take the shorter dimension as the inner measurement, and the longer dimension as the outer measurement, and see where that takes us.\nDividing the difference in the diameters in half, this would make the wall around our sea at least .225 cubits thick--i.e., about four inches on either end of the sea, assuming an eighteen-inch cubit. \nDo we have any authority for assuming that this is the case and saying the sea was anything like four inches thick?\nA couple of verses after this we have 1 Kings 7:26, which gives it to us outright: \n\n Its thickness was a handbreadth, and its brim was made like the brim of a cup, like the flower of a lily. It held two thousand baths.\n\nA handbreadth as a unit of measurement is generally given as between three and four inches. \n(The 'Number Pi in the Bible' site linked elsewhere gives as its rebuttal to this sort of argument the statement \"The writer makes sure that no question remains: both the diameter and the circumference are taken over-all.\" - though I'm not sure on what basis he sees that.)", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "With PHP 7.2, ```each``` is deprecated. The documentation says:\n\nWarning This function has been DEPRECATED as of PHP 7.2.0. Relying on this function is highly discouraged.\n\nHow can I update my code to avoid using it? Here are some examples:\n\n* \n```$ar = $o->me;\nreset($ar);\nlist($typ, $val) = each($ar);\n```\n\n* \n```$out = array('me' => array(), 'mytype' => 2, '_php_class' => null);\n$expected = each($out);\n```\n\n* \n```for(reset($broken);$kv = each($broken);) {...}\n```\n\n* \n```list(, $this->result) = each($this->cache_data);\n```\n\n* \n```// iterating to the end of an array or a limit > the length of the array\n$i = 0;\nreset($array);\nwhile( (list($id, $item) = each($array)) || $i < 30 ) {\n // code\n $i++;\n}\n```\n\n\nWhen I execute the code on PHP 7.2 I receive the following error:\n\nDeprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls", + "input": "", + "output": "\n* For your first two example cases, you could use ```key()``` and ```current()``` to assign the values you need.\n```$ar = $o->me; // reset isn't necessary, since you just created the array\n$typ = key($ar);\n$val = current($ar);\n```\n\n* \n```$out = array('me' => array(), 'mytype' => 2, '_php_class' => null);\n$expected = [key($out), current($out)];\n```\nIn those cases, you can use ```next()``` to advance the cursor afterward, but it may not be necessary if the rest of your code doesn't depend on that.\n\n* For the third case, I'd suggest just using a ```foreach()``` loop instead and assigning ```$kv``` inside the loop.\n```foreach ($broken as $k => $v) {\n $kv = [$k, $v];\n}\n```\n\n* For the fourth case, it looks like the key is disregarded in ```list()```, so you can assign the current value.\n```$this->result = current($this->cache_data);\n```\nLike the first two cases, it may be necessary to advance the cursor with ```next()``` depending on how the rest of your code interacts with ```$this->cache_data```.\n\n* Fifth can be replaced with a ```for()``` loop.\n```reset($array);\nfor ($i = 0; $i < 30; $i++) {\n $id = key($array);\n $item = current($array);\n // code\n next($array);\n}\n```\n\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can someone please give an explanation of different egg preparations?", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure, here are different preparations of eggs:\n\n1. Fried Eggs:\n* Sunny Side Up -- Not flipped, unbroken yolk. The top of the egg is just barely set.\n* Basted -- Sunny Side Up, hot fat spooned over until the white surrounding the yolk is opaque.\n* Over Easy / lite -- Flipped, whites fully cooked, unbroken yolk, yolk runny.\n* Over medium -- flipped, whites fully cooked, unbroken yolk, yolk creamy (not completely runny).\n* Over Medium Well -- Flipped, unbroken yolk, yolk cooked to have a firm but wet-appearing center.\n* Over Hard -- Flipped, broken, fully-cooked yolk.\n* Over Well -- Flipped, intact, fully-cooked yolk.\n* Broken / Lightly Scrambled -- Broken in pan and gently stirred while cooking - yolk and whites should not be mixed entirely.\n* Scrambled Eggs -- Made in many different ways. Generally the eggs are mixed in a bowl before being put into the pan, and often stirred while cooking. Some recipes add fat to the eggs in the form of milk, * cream, butter, or oil. A distinction can be made between Wet/Loose or Dry, which refers to the degree of doneness.\n\n2. Omelettes:\n* Filled Omelette -- Eggs mixed before cooking, possibly with added fat as in Scrambled Eggs. Cooked in fat in a saute pan; when set but the interior still wet, previously-cooked fillings (cheese, onions, mushrooms, peppers, tomatoes...) are added, and the eggs folded over into a half-moon shape.\n* Spanish Omelette / Western Omelette -- Same as filled, but the egg mixture is poured over the fillings in a hot pan and cooked, thus incorporating the fillings into the egg.\n* Fluffy Omelette -- Whites and yolks beaten separately. Yolks are gently folded into the whites without breaking the structure of the whites. Optional toppings are added. Cooked slowly in a pan, or baked (an electric frying pan with a lid works well for this preparation).\n* French Omelette -- Cooked soft & creamy with no color on the egg. Omelette is folded 1/3 in the pan, knocked to the edge so it can be rolled out onto the plate. It ends up being folded into thirds and is very creamy and soft.\n\n3. Boiled:\nCooked in shell in water for a timed period. Some people will refer to degree of doneness by cooking time, i.e., a "3-minute egg" is soft-boiled with some runny white around the yolk. Some recipes call for eggs to be added to boiling water, others to be started in cold water. In the cold-water start, the pot may be left on the heat or removed when the water reaches a boil. The eggs may be shocked in ice water when removed.\n* Soft -- Yolk runny, potentially with slight unset white around the yolk.\n* Medium -- White completely set, yolk firm but with a dark, wet appearance.\n* Hard -- Yolk completely set and pale yellow.\n\n4. Poached:\nEgg cooked, out of shell, in water, stock, or other liquid -- excluding fats or oils -- at a temperature in the range of 160-180˚F (70-82˚C). There are possible degrees of doneness, however the typical poached egg has a runny but warm and thickened yolk and fully-set white.\n\n5. Coddled:\nAn egg that has been very lightly cooked (poached eggs are sometimes considered coddled). This can either be accomplished with an egg coddler or cooking an egg in its shell with water that is slightly below boiling point.\n\n6. Shirred:\nAn egg cooked in an oven at the low-mid 300's˚F (~160˚C), contained in a ramekin, until the whites are just set and the yolk is runny but thickened. Often butter or another fat is placed on top before cooking.\n\n7. Steamed:\nVery similar to shirred eggs, but the ramekin is covered with some aluminum foil and put in a steamer for 7-15 minutes.\n\n8. In a basket:\nEggs fried in a hole made in a slice of bread.\n\n9. deep fried\nMoo shu- using a strainer to drop small drops of egg into hot oil in a wok and stir. Frying in vegetables and/optionally meat or another protein then consume on mandarin pancakes with your choice of sauce.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm running a relatively small one-man business in the software sector. I just started and am trying to create a larger portfolio. For that, I offer some friends free services. \nI found a few reasons to send these clients €0,- invoices, mostly similar to the reasons to send 100% discount invoices to charity funds that I gave here:\n\n* Clarity about what has to be done and when \n* No transfers (as I would have with a 0% discount bill and returning the money as a gift)\n\nAnd also:\n\n* With an invoice I have more distinguishable clients which makes that I have more chance on getting a better certificate from the state (doesn't matter how it exactly works, this is an advantage)\n\nSuppose that these clients won't have a problem with the €0,- invoices, could there be any reason for me to not send them?\nI ask this, because I've never seen people sending invoices like this, and I can only see advantages.", + "input": "", + "output": "It depends on the tax system that applies to you, but there can be consequences, and they can be very severe.\n\nGenerally economic activity is defined as oriented on profit, so giving anything for free could qualify as self-promotion or donation.\n\nIn Poland, for example, only some costs of the company spend on promotion can be considered as tax costs. So in worst case you could end with tax office refusing to acknowledge, for example, 50% of your expenses as tax costs. You would end up with fine and penalty percentages.\n\nWith donation, the danger is even greater. There was a case of baker who was giving the unsold bread to charity for free. He was told to pay the VAT from the bread that was given for free (from the price it was normally being sold - but the tax officer is free to estimate the basis price as he/she wants). With penalty percentages the sum was so big, that he has become insolvent. However, the obligation to pay VAT was only in case of wares, not services, and the law has changed recently, but in other countries the regulations may be even stricter.\n\nThere is also a potential consequence if you receive something for free. It could be interpreted as income and you would have to pay income tax from the value estimated by tax officer.\n\nAssuming, analyse your local law, consult a tax specialist and be sure you exactly want what you are doing before issuing €0 invoices.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In regards to Error handling in PHP -- As far I know there are 3 styles:\n\n* ```die()```or ```exit()``` style:\n```$con = mysql_connect(\"localhost\",\"root\",\"password\");\nif (!$con) {\n die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());\n}\n```\n* ```throw Exception``` style:\n``` if (!function_exists('curl_init')) {\n throw new Exception('need the CURL PHP extension.\n Recomplie PHP with curl');\n }\n```\n* ```trigger_error()``` style:\n```if(!is_array($config) && isset($config)) {\n trigger_error('Error: config is not an array or is not set', E_USER_ERROR);\n }\n```\n\nNow, in the PHP manual all three methods are used. \n\n* What I want to know is which style should I prefer & why?\n* Are these 3 drop in replacements of each other & therefore can be used interchangeably?\n\nIs it just me or everyone thinks PHP error handling options are just too many to the extent it confuses php developers?", + "input": "", + "output": "The first one should never be used in production code, since it's transporting information irrelevant to end-users (a user can't do anything about \"Cannot connect to database\").\n\nYou throw Exceptions if you know that at a certain critical code point, your application can fail and you want your code to recover across multiple call-levels.\n\n```trigger_error()``` lets you fine-grain error reporting (by using different levels of error messages) and you can hide those errors from end-users (using ```set_error_handler()```) but still have them be displayed to you during testing.\n\nAlso ```trigger_error()``` can produce non-fatal messages important during development that can be suppressed in production code using a custom error handler. You can produce fatal errors, too (```E_USER_ERROR```) but those aren't recoverable. If you trigger one of those, program execution stops at that point. This is why, for fatal errors, Exceptions should be used. This way, you'll have more control over your program's flow:\n```// Example (pseudo-code for db queries):\n$db->query('START TRANSACTION');\ntry {\n while ($row = gather_data()) {\n $db->query('INSERT INTO `table` (`foo`,`bar`) VALUES(?,?)', ...);\n }\n $db->query('COMMIT');\n} catch(Exception $e) {\n $db->query('ROLLBACK');\n}\n```\nHere, if ```gather_data()``` just plain croaked (using ```E_USER_ERROR``` or ```die()```) there's a chance, previous ```INSERT``` statements would have made it into your database, even if not desired and you'd have no control over what's to happen next.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How do I change the author and committer name/email for multiple commits?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the solution, but be careful if you have a multi-user repository - this will change all commits to have the same (new) author and committer.\n```\ngit filter-branch -f --env-filter \"\n GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='Newname'\n GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL='new@email'\n GIT_COMMITTER_NAME='Newname'\n GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL='new@email'\n \" HEAD\n```\n\nChanging the author (or committer) would require rewriting all of the history. If you're okay with that and think it's worth it then you should check out git filter-branch. The manual page includes several examples to get you started. Also note that you can use environment variables to change the name of the author, committer, dates, etc. -- see the \"Environment Variables\" section of the git manual page.\n\nSpecifically, you can fix all the wrong author names and emails for all branches and tags with this command (source: GitHub help):\n```\n#!/bin/sh\n\ngit filter-branch --env-filter '\nOLD_EMAIL=\"your-old-email@example.com\"\nCORRECT_NAME=\"Your Correct Name\"\nCORRECT_EMAIL=\"your-correct-email@example.com\"\nif [ \"$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL\" = \"$OLD_EMAIL\" ]\nthen\n export GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=\"$CORRECT_NAME\"\n export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=\"$CORRECT_EMAIL\"\nfi\nif [ \"$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL\" = \"$OLD_EMAIL\" ]\nthen\n export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=\"$CORRECT_NAME\"\n export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=\"$CORRECT_EMAIL\"\nfi\n' --tag-name-filter cat -- --branches --tags\n```\nFor using alternative history filtering tool `git filter-repo`, you can first install it and construct a `git-mailmap` according to the format of `gitmailmap`.\n```\nProper Name Commit Name \n```\nAnd then run filter-repo with the created mailmap:\n```\ngit filter-repo --mailmap git-mailmap\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "This summer I will be taking a rather inherently dangerous multi-day hike by myself. I was considering buying a flare gun since I will be out of cellular range unless there is something more modern and equally reliable. Any suggestions?", + "input": "", + "output": "In increasing order of complexity and price you have,\n\n* Personal Locator Beacons\n\n Personal locator beacons are high-powered (typically, 5 watts) devices designed primarily to send out a personalized emergency distress signal. They generally require an open view of the sky to transmit successfully.\n\n* Satellite Messengers (Like a Garmin inReach)\n\n Much like PLBs, satellite messengers are handheld transmitting devices that are useful in backcountry areas far from reliable cell phone coverage. These user-friendly devices allow you to communicate short text messages and/or your location coordinates with friends or family back home so you can report on your trip’s status or, in an emergency, send calls for help.\n\n* Satellite Phones\n\n A satellite telephone, satellite phone, or satphone is a type of mobile phone that connects to orbiting satellites instead of terrestrial cell sites. They provide similar functionality to terrestrial mobile telephones; voice, short messaging service and low-bandwidth internet access are supported through most systems.\n\nNone of these are a substitute for good judgement and the electronics can fail or run out of batteries, but they would be the modern equivalent of a flare gun.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "\n Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.\n\nI don't understand the part marked in bold.\nCongress shall make no law prohibiting the free exercise of religion. So congress should not make a law which prohibits the freedom of religion. I get it.\nBut Congress shall make a law which respects an establishment of religion. Doesn't \"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion\" mean congress should not make a law that respects religion because there's \"no\" in it?? ", + "input": "", + "output": "The confusing term seems to be \"respecting\". This is a somewhat different meaning of \"respect\", that is still in common use:\n\n respecting (prep): \n \n * in view of : considering\n * with respect to : concerning \n \n\nThe first amendment states that Congress shall pass no law related to (or with regard to) the establishment of a (state) religion. This has been interpreted by the courts to have many consequent effects, mainly that no governing body in the country can write law supporting any one religion over another religion. More information\nThe term \"respecting\" is mostly limited to legal documents, or formal essays/articles. Examples:\n\n Respecting the salaries of the governors of states, the constitution made no provision.\n The speculations of the fathers respecting the origin and course of the world seek to combine Christian ideas of the Deity with doctrines of Greek philosophy.\n Authentic information respecting the great valley of the Ganges was supplied by Megasthenes, an ambassador sent by Seleucus, who reached the remote city of Patali-putra, the modern Patna.\n\n\"Respecting\" can be used to mean \"having/showing respect for\", but most commonly in the related term \"self-respecting\"\n\n No self-respecting gentleman would go outside on a sunny English day without an umbrella.\n\nIn most cases, if you want to say \"having respect for\" use that, the verb \"to respect\", or the adjective \"respectful (of)\".\n\n He was respectful of her concerns, and did not press her for an immediate decision.\n Nor did the clergy much respect the official standards of the Church.\n They had little respect for tradition, flaunting contemporary standards to produce art intended to shock the viewer.\n\nThere is also the related term \"respective\":\n\n respective (adj): belonging or relating to each one of the people or things that have been mentioned, not the same or shared : separate\n\nThis is commonly used to talk about things that are similar but separately related to some other similar set of things:\n\n As the sun set, each of the children hurried to their respective homes.\n The chronic controversies between the courts of common law and the Admiralty Court as to the limits of their respective jurisdictions reached an acute stage.\n\nAs Flater's comment mentions, the term \"irrespective (of)\" implies the opposite of \"respecting\": not taking (something) into account; regardless of. \n\n Irrespective of their political differences, the candidates agreed that the economy was the most important issue facing the country.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why are people unwilling to share information about their salary?", + "input": "", + "output": "People are unwilling to talk openly about their salaries because there is a social taboo surrounding the practice. \nLike all taboos, there isn't necessarily a good rationale behind its existence. And the taboo can, in fact, be detrimental, as it is here.\n\nAround the time of the industrial revolution, you were not allowed to talk about your wages. You could be fired if you did. Employers did this because discussing what you make is an obvious and required step towards collective bargaining.\n\nIf you discuss your wages, someone will find out they make less money than they should. If they make less money than they should, they will want more money. The people making money from underpaying people don't want to pay more. Your ignorance is a very useful tool in depressing your wages or the wages of others -- especially minorities or women -- around you.\n\nSo people learned from the early industrialists of old that they would be fired if it was found out they talked money. Those people told others of what had happened to them, that they had been fired for talking money. It snowballed from there. They spread that lesson on to others. So now, even though discussing your salary is a legally protected right, people are hesitant to exercise that right.\n\nNot discussing salary is an abusive practice. It developed as a historical artefact from the abuse of the rich and powerful in the beginning of the industrial revolution that has wormed its way deep into society and is still pushed by the same abusers today.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In D&D, how many attacks can a fighter with two-weapon fighting make at 5th level?", + "input": "", + "output": "Answer: 3 attacks on your turn (if you don't use Action Surge). (It could go up to five with Action Surge, though.)\n\nThe Two-Weapon Fighting rule states (PHB, page 195):\n\n>When you take the Attack action and attack with a light melee weapon that you’re holding in one hand, you can use a bonus action to attack with a different light melee weapon that you’re holding in the other hand. You don’t add your ability modifier to the damage of the bonus attack, unless that modifier is negative. If either weapon has the thrown property, you can throw the weapon, instead of making a melee attack with it.\n\nThe bonus action used as part of Two-Weapon Fighting is an attack, but it is not the Attack action.\nWhen you are a 5th-level fighter and you take the Attack action, you can make two attacks. You can also use your bonus action to make an additional attack. Notably, you can only take one bonus action per turn, since the rules for bonus actions state:\n\nYou can take only one bonus action on your turn, so you must choose which bonus action to use when you have more than one available.\n\nYou only add your ability modifier to the damage of that bonus-action attack if you have the Two-Weapon Fighting fighting style (PHB, page 72):\n\nWhen you engage in two-weapon fighting, you can add your ability\nmodifier to the damage of the second attack.\n\nTherefore, you are taking the Attack action (2 attacks) and then making an additional attack with your bonus action (1 attack), for a total of 3 attacks if you're using your action plus your bonus action. There's a clear difference between them.\nAction Surge lets a 5th-level fighter attack up to 5 times in one turn, once per short rest.\n\nThe description of the Action Surge feature says (PHB, page 72):\n\nStarting at 2nd level, you can push yourself beyond your normal limits for a moment. On your turn, you can take one additional action. Once you use this feature, you must finish a short or long rest before you can use it again. Starting at 17th level, you can use it twice before a rest, but only once on the same turn.\n\nWhich means that if you use Action Surge, you would have 2 actions and 1 bonus action on your turn.\nSo with this, you can take your Attack action (2 attacks), then use Action Surge and take another Attack action (2 more attacks), and finally your Two-Weapon Fighting bonus action (one more attack), for a total of 5 attacks during your turn.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Consider the following code:\n```avgDists = np.array([1, 8, 6, 9, 4])\nids = avgDists.argsort()[:n]\n```\nThis gives me indices of the ```n``` smallest elements. Is it possible to use this same ```argsort``` in descending order to get the indices of ```n``` highest elements?", + "input": "", + "output": "If you negate an array, the lowest elements become the highest elements and vice-versa. Therefore, the indices of the `n` highest elements are:\n```\n(-avgDists).argsort()[:n]\n```\nAnother way to reason about this, as mentioned in the comments, is to observe that the big elements are coming last in the argsort. So, you can read from the tail of the argsort to find the `n` highest elements:\n```\navgDists.argsort()[::-1][:n]\n```\nBoth methods are O(n log n) in time complexity, because the argsort call is the dominant term here. But the second approach has a nice advantage: it replaces an O(n) negation of the array with an O(1) slice. If you're working with small arrays inside loops then you may get some performance gains from avoiding that negation, and if you're working with huge arrays then you can save on memory usage because the negation creates a copy of the entire array.\n\nNote that these methods do not always give equivalent results: if a stable sort implementation is requested to argsort, e.g. by passing the keyword argument kind='mergesort', then the first strategy will preserve the sorting stability, but the second strategy will break stability (i.e. the positions of equal items will get reversed).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can a woman give birth to twins with different fathers?", + "input": "", + "output": "Yes, this is possible through something called heteropaternal superfecundation (see below for further explanation).\nOf all twin births, 30% are identical and 70% are non-identical (fraternal) twins.\n\nIdentical twins result when a zygote (one egg, or ovum, fertilized by one sperm) splits at an early stage to become twins. Because the genetic material is essentially the same, they resemble each other closely.\n\nTypically during ovulation only one ovum is released to be fertilized by one sperm. However, sometimes a woman's ovaries release two ova. Each must be fertilized by a separate sperm cell. If she has intercourse with two different men, the two ova can be fertilized by sperm from different sexual partners. The term for this event is heteropaternal superfecundation (HS): twins who have the same mother, but two different fathers.\n\nThis has been proven in paternity suits (in which there will be a bias selecting for possible infidelity) involving fraternal twins, where genetic testing must be done on each child. The frequency of heteropaternal superfecundation in this group was found (in one study) to be 2.4%. As the study's authors state, \"Inferences about the frequency of HS in other populations should be drawn with caution.\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Relationship between SVD and PCA. How to use SVD to perform PCA?", + "input": "", + "output": "Let the real values data matrix $\\mathbf X$ be of $n \\times p$ size, where $n$ is the number of samples and $p$ is the number of variables. Let us assume that it is centered, i.e. column means have been subtracted and are now equal to zero.\n\nThen the $p \\times p$ covariance matrix $\\mathbf C$ is given by $\\mathbf C = \\mathbf X^\\top \\mathbf X/(n-1)$. It is a symmetric matrix and so it can be diagonalized: $$\\mathbf C = \\mathbf V \\mathbf L \\mathbf V^\\top,$$ where $\\mathbf V$ is a matrix of eigenvectors (each column is an eigenvector) and $\\mathbf L$ is a diagonal matrix with eigenvalues $\\lambda_i$ in the decreasing order on the diagonal. The eigenvectors are called principal axes or principal directions of the data. Projections of the data on the principal axes are called principal components, also known as PC scores; these can be seen as new, transformed, variables. The $j$-th principal component is given by $j$-th column of $\\mathbf {XV}$. The coordinates of the $i$-th data point in the new PC space are given by the $i$-th row of $\\mathbf{XV}$.\n\nIf we now perform singular value decomposition of $\\mathbf X$, we obtain a decomposition $$\\mathbf X = \\mathbf U \\mathbf S \\mathbf V^\\top,$$ where $\\mathbf U$ is a unitary matrix (with columns called left singular vectors), $\\mathbf S$ is the diagonal matrix of singular values $s_i$ and $\\mathbf V$ columns are called right singular vectors. From here one can easily see that $$\\mathbf C = \\mathbf V \\mathbf S \\mathbf U^\\top \\mathbf U \\mathbf S \\mathbf V^\\top /(n-1) = \\mathbf V \\frac{\\mathbf S^2}{n-1}\\mathbf V^\\top,$$ meaning that right singular vectors $\\mathbf V$ are principal directions (eigenvectors) and that singular values are related to the eigenvalues of covariance matrix via $\\lambda_i = s_i^2/(n-1)$. Principal components are given by $\\mathbf X \\mathbf V = \\mathbf U \\mathbf S \\mathbf V^\\top \\mathbf V = \\mathbf U \\mathbf S$.\n\nTo summarize:\n\n1. If $\\mathbf X = \\mathbf U \\mathbf S \\mathbf V^\\top$, then the columns of $\\mathbf V$ are principal directions/axes (eigenvectors).\n2. Columns of $\\mathbf {US}$ are principal components ("scores").\n3. Singular values are related to the eigenvalues of covariance matrix via $\\lambda_i = s_i^2/(n-1)$. Eigenvalues $\\lambda_i$ show variances of the respective PCs.\n4. Standardized scores are given by columns of $\\sqrt{n-1}\\mathbf U$ and loadings are given by columns of $\\mathbf V \\mathbf S/\\sqrt{n-1}$. See e.g. here and here for why "loadings" should not be confused with principal directions.\n5. The above is correct only if $\\mathbf X$ is centered. Only then is covariance matrix equal to $\\mathbf X^\\top \\mathbf X/(n-1)$.\n6. The above is correct only for $\\mathbf X$ having samples in rows and variables in columns. If variables are in rows and samples in columns, then $\\mathbf U$ and $\\mathbf V$ exchange interpretations.\n7. If one wants to perform PCA on a correlation matrix (instead of a covariance matrix), then columns of $\\mathbf X$ should not only be centered, but standardized as well, i.e. divided by their standard deviations.\n8. To reduce the dimensionality of the data from $p$ to $k<p$, select $k$ first columns of $\\mathbf U$, and $k\\times k$ upper-left part of $\\mathbf S$. Their product $\\mathbf U_k \\mathbf S_k$ is the required $n \\times k$ matrix containing first $k$ PCs.\n9. Further multiplying the first $k$ PCs by the corresponding principal axes $\\mathbf V_k^\\top$ yields $\\mathbf X_k = \\mathbf U_k^\\vphantom \\top \\mathbf S_k^\\vphantom \\top \\mathbf V_k^\\top$ matrix that has the original $n \\times p$ size but is of lower rank (of rank $k$). This matrix $\\mathbf X_k$ provides a reconstruction of the original data from the first $k$ PCs. It has the lowest possible reconstruction error, see my answer here.\n10. Strictly speaking, $\\mathbf U$ is of $n\\times n$ size and $\\mathbf V$ is of $p \\times p$ size. However, if $n>p$ then the last $n-p$ columns of $\\mathbf U$ are arbitrary (and corresponding rows of $\\mathbf S$ are constant zero); one should therefore use an economy size (or thin) SVD that returns $\\mathbf U$ of $n\\times p$ size, dropping the useless columns. For large $n\\gg p$ the matrix $\\mathbf U$ would otherwise be unnecessarily huge. The same applies for an opposite situation of $n\\ll p$.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the English term for when someone thinks they are doing something nice for you but it ends up making things worse. EX: Someone buys you an elephant -- nice gesture and cool! But now you have to take care of it, and it becomes a burden on you.", + "input": "", + "output": "In fact, the English expression for a burdensome gift is literally white elephant:\n\n> a thing that is useless and no longer needed, although it may have cost a lot of money [OALD]\n\nSo-called white elephants, or albino elephants, are found in many parts of South and Southeast Asia. In Buddhist countries they may be venerated as Queen Maya, mother of the Buddha, was said to have been visited in a dream by a white elephant holding a white lotus flower, and Siddharth Gautama entered his mother's womb in the form a white elephant. The white elephant is also associated with traits like mental strength and purity.\nIt became a royal symbol in Siam (Thailand); the king continues to keep white elephants. The story emerged that if a courtier displeased him, the king would make him a gift of a white elephant. The courtier could hardly decline a royal gift, and could hardly afford not to maintain a sacred animal, and could not put it to productive use, and so would be ruined by the cost of upkeep.\nThe earliest example of its use is from a 1721 essay in London Journal:\n\n In short, Honour and Victory are generally no more than white Elephants; and for white Elephants the most destructive Wars have been often made.\n\nA 2011 paper by Ross Bullen entitled “This Alarming Generosity”: White Elephants and the Logic of the Gift, in American Literature, covers the popularization of the term in the mid-19th century, presents an alternative account, that the story is a piece of orientalism and the white elephant rose as a literary trope.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Did Hillary Clinton propose to punish flag burners in 2005?", + "input": "", + "output": "The proposed law co-sponsored by Clinton in 2005 prohibits flag burning under specific circumstances. It does not attempt to make flag burning illegal in general (i.e. outside of those specific circumstances). Clinton has voted against a proposed amendment to the Constitution that would allow Congress to ban flag burning in general.\n\nIn 2005, Clinton co-sponsored the Flag Protection Act of 2005, whose summary is as follows:\n\n> Flag Protection Act of 2005 - Amends the federal criminal code to revise provisions regarding desecration of the flag to prohibit: (1) destroying or damaging a U.S. flag with the primary purpose and intent to incite or produce imminent violence or a breach of the peace; (2) intentionally threatening or intimidating any person, or group of persons, by burning a U.S. flag; or (3) stealing or knowingly converting the use of a U.S. flag belonging to the United States, or belonging to another person on U.S. lands, and intentionally destroying or damaging that flag.\n\nIt seems like a reaction to ongoing efforts to pass a constitutional amendment allowing Congress to ban flag burning, a move that the co-sponsors of the 2005 act oppose and voted against. Its text notes:\n\n> the Bill of Rights is a guarantee of those freedoms and should not be amended in a manner that could be interpreted to restrict freedom, a course that is regularly resorted to by authoritarian governments which fear freedom and not by free and democratic nations\n\nbut suggests that flag burning with intent to incite violence is not protected by the Constitution (unlike flag burning as political expression, which is protected):\n\n> destruction of the flag of the United States can be intended to incite a violent response rather than make a political statement and such conduct is outside the protections afforded by the first amendment to the Constitution.\n\nNote that the distinction between \n\n* banning flag burning for being offensive, and \n* banning flag burning when it incites violence or disturbs the peace\n\nis an important one. The Flag Protection Act proposed in 2005 was essentially a replacement for a previous Flag Protection Act that banned flag burning in general:\n\n> Whoever knowingly mutilates, defaces, physically defiles, burns, maintains on the floor or ground, or tramples upon any flag of the United States shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.\n\nbut this was deemed unconstitutional in United States v. Eichman, 496 U.S. 310 in 1990, on the basis of their earlier (1989) decision in Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397. There, the Supreme Court noted that\n\n> an important governmental interest in regulating nonspeech can justify incidental limitations on First Amendment freedoms when speech and nonspeech elements are combined in the same course of conduct\n\nbut that in the case under consideration, this did not apply:\n\n> An interest in preventing breaches of the peace is not implicated on this record. \n\nand further noted that \n\n> Expression may not be prohibited [p398] on the basis that an audience that takes serious offense to the expression may disturb the peace, since the Government cannot assume that every expression of a provocative idea will incite a riot, but must look to the actual circumstances surrounding the expression.\n\nClinton was not one of the 59 co-sponsors of a proposed amendment to the constitution that would allow Congress to ban flag burning in general:\n\n> Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States authorizing Congress to prohibit the physical desecration of the flag of the United States.\n\nand she also voted against it. The proposed amendment failed to pass by one vote.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "There are several questions here about the definition of depth of field, about focal length, and about subject distance. And of course there's the basic how does aperture affect my photographs. And plenty of how do I get super-shallow d.o.f questions. There's related questions like this one. But there's no be-all-end-all question asking:\nWhat exactly determines depth of field in a photograph? \nIs it just a property of the lens? Can lenses be designed to give more depth of field for the same aperture and focal length? Does it change with camera sensor size? Does it change with print size? How do those last two relate?", + "input": "", + "output": "I'm going to dispense with the formulas, photos of rulers and definitions of \"magnification\" and go with what you actually experience in practice. The major factors that actually matter to shooting are:\n\n* Aperture. Wide aperture lenses give you a shallower depth of field. This is probably the least controversial factor! This is important as some lenses have much larger apertures e.g. 18-55 f/3.5-5.6 vs. 50 f/1.8 \n* Subject distance. This is a really important consideration. Depth of field gets drastically shallower when you start to get really close. This is important as at macro focussing distances DoF is a major problem. It also means you can get shallow DoF regardless of aperture if you get close enough, and that if you want deep DoF in low light compose to focus further away.\n* Focal length. This does affect depth of field, but only in certain ranges, when maintaining subject size. Wide lenses have very deep depth of field at most subject distances. Once you get past a certain point, DoF changes very little with focal length. This is important again because if you want to increase / decrease DoF you can use focal length to do this whilst still filling the frame with your subject.\n* Sensor size. This affects DoF when you maintain the same subject distance and field of view between sensor sizes. The bigger the sensor the shallower the depth of field. DSLRs have much bigger sensors than compacts, and so for the same FoV and f-ratio they have shallower DoF. This is important because by the same token cropping images increases DoF when maintaining the same final output size, as it's akin to using a smaller sensor.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why did the NES not allow rotated sprites?", + "input": "", + "output": "For each sprite displayed on a scanline, the hardware fetches two bytes from memory, and then clocks the pixels out one by one. The sprite is eight pixels wide, and each pixel is two bits, which is why it's two memory accesses per sprite per scanline. You can imagine that this arrangement just needs a couple of shift registers to clock the pixels out.\n\nNow, flipping the sprite about its vertical axis is easy: you just clock the pixels out in reverse order! Similarly, flipping the sprite about its horizontal axis is also easy: You just fetch the bitmap from memory in reverse order. Rotating by 180° of course is the same as flipping both horizontally and vertically.\n\nBut if you wanted to rotate the sprite 90° or 270°, that's much harder. That's because the hardware would need to get one pixel from each pair of bytes, which means fetching 16 bytes from memory instead of just two. There is not enough time on this slow hardware to do that. Incidentally, this is also where the maximum number of sprites per scanline limitation comes from.\n\nIt's a similar story on the Commodore 64, the Atari 2600, and many others: These platforms can do some simple 2D manipulations on sprites like stretching and sometimes flipping like you've seen, but never rotations.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I want to merge two dictionaries into a new dictionary.\n```\nx = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\ny = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}\nz = merge(x, y)\n\n>>> z\n{'a': 1, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}\n```", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is what you can do for the case you described:\n\n```\nz = dict(list(x.items()) + list(y.items()))\n```\nThis will, as you want it, put the final dict in ```z```, and make the value for key ```b``` be properly overridden by the second (```y```) dict's value:\n```>>> x = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n>>> y = {'b': 10, 'c': 11}\n>>> z = dict(list(x.items()) + list(y.items()))\n>>> z\n{'a': 1, 'c': 11, 'b': 10}\n\n```\nIf you use Python 2, you can even remove the ```list()``` calls. To create z:\n```>>> z = dict(x.items() + y.items())\n>>> z\n{'a': 1, 'c': 11, 'b': 10}\n```\nIf you use Python version 3.9.0a4 or greater, you can directly use:\n```>>> x = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n>>> y = {'b': 10, 'c': 11}\n>>> z = x | y\n>>> z\n{'a': 1, 'c': 11, 'b': 10}\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "There are many \"standards\" for the JSON content type:\napplication/json\napplication/x-javascript\ntext/javascript\ntext/x-javascript\ntext/x-json\nWhich one do I use, and where? I assume security and browser support issues are a factor.", + "input": "", + "output": "According to RFC 4627:\nThe MIME media type for JSON text is application/json. The default encoding is UTF-8.\n\nFor JSON text, you should use:\n```\napplication/json\n```\n\nFor JSONP (runnable JavaScript) with callback, you should use:\n```\napplication/javascript\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What's the goal of Minecraft and what can users achieve in this world?", + "input": "", + "output": "The thing about Minecraft is, unlike most games you set your own goals. Here's a list of common (and uncommon!) things people have done with Minecraft:\n\n* Building a massive structure\n* Recreating real-world objects\n* Survival (Deleting map upon dying)\n* Making amusing videos\n* Creating an adventure map for others to play\n* Getting all the achievements\n* Proposing to your girlfriend\n* Achieving difficult things in the game through ingenuity\n* Computation\n* Blowing stuff up!\n\nThe mechanism that keeps the game going is your own desire to complete the goals you've set yourself, and pure, red-hot addiction.\n\nSome additional stuff people have done:\n\n* Walking and walking and walking (thanks SevenSidedDie)\n* Build an epic railway\n* Make music\n* Find the Far Lands\n\nMinecraft 1.9+\nIn Minecraft 1.9 and beyond, there are villages, strongholds, abandoned mineshafts and nether ruins to explore. In particular, strongholds will contain portals to The End, in which players can fight The Ender Dragon, a 'boss fights'. The second 'boss fight' has also been added, The Wither. This makes exploration a key part of the game, as well as combat. 'Hardcore Mode' (world deletion upon death) is also an option if you're after a challenge.\nA creative mode has also been added that allows players complete freedom in constructing large structures, compartmentalizing that aspect of gameplay.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "If I have sampled a signal using proper sampling methods (Nyquist, filtering, etc) how do I relate the length of my FFT to the resulting frequency resolution I can obtain?\nLike if I have a 2,000 Hz and 1,999 Hz sine wave, how would I determine the length of FFT needed to accurately tell the difference between those two waves?", + "input": "", + "output": "The frequency resolution is dependent on the relationship between the FFT length and the sampling rate of the input signal.\n\nIf we collect 8192 samples for the FFT then we will have:\n$$\\frac{8192\\ \\text{samples}}{2} = 4096\\ \\,\\text{FFT bins}$$\n\nIf our sampling rate is 10 kHz, then the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem says that our signal can contain frequency content up to 5 kHz. Then, our frequency bin resolution is:\n$$\\frac{5\\ \\text{kHz}}{4096\\ \\,\\text{FFT bins}} \\simeq \\frac{1.22\\ \\text{Hz}}{\\text{bin}}$$\n\nThis is may be the easier way to explain it conceptually but simplified:  your bin resolution is just \\$\\frac{f_{samp}}{N}\\$, where \\$f_{samp}\\$ is the input signal's sampling rate and N is the number of FFT points used (sample length).\n\nWe can see from the above that to get smaller FFT bins we can either run a longer FFT (that is, take more samples at the same rate before running the FFT) or decrease our sampling rate.\n\n## The Catch:\nThere is always a trade-off between temporal resolution and frequency resolution.\n\nIn the example above, we need to collect 8192 samples before we can run the FFT, which when sampling at 10 kHz takes 0.82 seconds. \n\nIf we tried to get smaller FFT bins by running a longer FFT it would take even longer to collect the needed samples.\nThat may be OK, it may not be. The important point is that at a fixed sampling rate, increasing frequency resolution decreases temporal resolution. That is the more accurate your measurement in the frequency domain, the less accurate you can be in the time domain. You effectively lose all time information inside the FFT length.\n\nIn this example, if a 1999 Hz tone starts and stops in the first half of the 8192 sample FFT and a 2002 Hz tone plays in the second half of the window, we would see both, but they would appear to have occurred at the same time.\n\nYou also have to consider processing time. A 8192 point FFT takes some decent processing power. A way to reduce this need is to reduce the sampling rate, which is the second way to increase frequency resolution.\n\nIn your example, if you drop your sampling rate to something like 4096 Hz, then you only need a 4096 point FFT to achieve 1 Hz bins *4096 Hz, then you only need a 4096 point FFT to achieve 1hz bins and can still resolve a 2khz signal. This reduces the FFT bin size, but also reduces the bandwidth of the signal.\n\nUltimately with an FFT there will always be a trade off between frequency resolution and time resolution. You have to perform a bit of a balancing act to reach all goals.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I wanted to produce a 1 GB random file, so I used following command.\n```dd if=/dev/urandom of=output bs=1G count=1\n```\nBut instead every time I launch this command I get a 32 MB file:\n```$ dd if=/dev/urandom of=output bs=1G count=1\n0+1 records in\n0+1 records out\n33554431 bytes (34 MB, 32 MiB) copied, 0,288321 s, 116 MB/s\n```\nWhat is wrong?", + "input": "", + "output": "```bs```, the buffer size, means the size of a single read() call done by dd. For example, both ```bs=1M count=1``` and ```bs=1k count=1k``` will result in a 1 MiB file, but the first version will do it in a single step, while the second will do it in 1024 small chunks.\n\nRegular files can be read at nearly any buffer size (as long as that buffer fits in RAM), but devices and \"virtual\" files often work very close to the individual calls and have some arbitrary restriction of how much data they'll produce per read() call.\n\nFor ```/dev/urandom```, this limit is defined in urandom_read() in drivers/char/random.c:\n```#define ENTROPY_SHIFT 3\nstatic ssize_t\nurandom_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t nbytes, loff_t *ppos)\n{\n nbytes = min_t(size_t, nbytes, INT_MAX >> (ENTROPY_SHIFT + 3));\n ...\n}\n```\nThis means that every time the function is called, it will clamp the requested size to 33554431 bytes.\nBy default, unlike most other tools, dd will not retry after receiving less data than requested – you get the 32 MiB and that's it. (To make it retry automatically, as in Kamil's answer, you'll need to specify ```iflag=fullblock```.)\n\nNote also that \"the size of a single read()\" means that the whole buffer must fit in memory at once, so massive block sizes also correspond to massive memory usage by dd.\n\nAnd it's all pointless because you usually won't gain any performance when going above ~16–32 MiB blocks – syscalls aren't the slow part here, the random number generator is.\n\nSo for simplicity, just use ```head -c 1G /dev/urandom > output```.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "The treads on my road bike's 28C tires are almost completely gone—they only persist along the shoulders of the tire. Do the treads matter? What is a good indicator of when the tire as a whole needs to be replaced?", + "input": "", + "output": "The tread on a road bike's tires is really quite unimportant and purely cosmetic. Road bike tires have tread patterns because they sell better, not because they perform better.\nHere's some questions to ask to decide about replacing a tire:\n\n* Can you see any of the fabric?\n* Are you getting flats more easily than you used to?\n* Is any part of the tire bulging out or lumpy?\n* Are there visible holes/gashes in the tire?\n* Does the wear indicator indicate you should replace? (Some tires have dimples or grooves that are there to indicate when the tire should be replaced. Some have an alternate color of rubber underneath, and when that shows through the tire should be replaced)\n\nSmooth tread is actually ideal for road conditions, but not commonly found on tires. If you're on hard surfaces such as pavement/asphalt, the tread doesn't help you and actually slightly reduces contact area and increases rolling resistance. On most road tires the minimal tread pattern is just cosmetic to make their customers feel better (since a smooth tire looks slippery).\n\nSee also: Sheldon Brown's comments on tire replacement and tread patterns\nIf you plan to ride through mud, sand or other soft surfaces, you need tread. So when you no longer have tread on your mountain bike or cyclocross bike's tires, it's time to replace them (unless you plan to only use them on the road).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is there a way to create an index on a property/column using fluent configuration, instead of using the new ```IndexAttribute``` ?", + "input": "", + "output": "Currently there is no \"first class support\" for creating a index via the fluent API, but what you can do is via the fluent API you can mark properties as having attributes from the Annotation API. This will allow you to add the ```Index``` attribute via a fluent interface.\n\nHere are some examples from the work item from Issues site for EF.\nCreate a index on a single column:\n```modelBuilder.Entity()\n .Property(e => e.MyProperty)\n .HasColumnAnnotation(\n IndexAnnotation.AnnotationName,\n new IndexAnnotation(new IndexAttribute()));\n```\nMultiple indexes on a single column: \n```modelBuilder.Entity()\n .Property(e => e.MyProperty)\n .HasColumnAnnotation(\n IndexAnnotation.AnnotationName,\n new IndexAnnotation(new[]\n {\n new IndexAttribute(\"Index1\"),\n new IndexAttribute(\"Index2\") { IsUnique = true }\n }));\n```\nMulti-Column indexes:\n```modelBuilder.Entity()\n .Property(e => e.MyProperty1)\n .HasColumnAnnotation(\n IndexAnnotation.AnnotationName,\n new IndexAnnotation(new IndexAttribute(\"MyIndex\", 1)));\nmodelBuilder.Entity()\n .Property(e => e.MyProperty2)\n .HasColumnAnnotation(\n IndexAnnotation.AnnotationName,\n new IndexAnnotation(new IndexAttribute(\"MyIndex\", 2)));\n```\nUsing the above techniques will cause ```.CreateIndex()``` calls to be automatically created for you in your ```Up()``` function when you scaffold your next migration (or be automatically created in the database if you are not using migrations).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Both races have the same limits on their strength, and athletics, but it's hard to imagine why. A Goliath could feasibly lift and throw a gnome, yet the Gnome, following rules as written, can pin down a Goliath, fairly easily, if statted correctly. \nIs there an in-universe explanation as to why such dramatically different sized creatures can wrestle on an even playing field?\nHow might a DM explain a scenario in which a gnome beats a goliath in any kind of test of strength?", + "input": "", + "output": "D&D is a terrible reality simulator.\nThe problem that you're having here is that, in real life, most people who are 7 feet tall are going to be faster, stronger, and all-around more physically powerful than a person who is 3 feet tall. If you compare two people of similar athleticism, the person who is 4 feet taller is going to be able to physically dominate the other.\n\nHowever, D&D is not a game built to simulate reality. It's a game built to let you play through stories about heroes who fight against a large variety of evil things. It's built to let players build a wide array of kinds of hero, and let them generally be effective at their role, even if the character options they picked wouldn't work in real life.\n\nThis means that the game will let you build a gnome strongman, if that's the kind of character you want to play. The designers wouldn't want your gnome strongman to be much worse at being a strongman than a character of a different race, so the only racial 'penalty' to being a strongman that you get is that you don't get a racial bonus to Strength. All of this is based on intentional design choices to make as many player archetypes as possible viable.\n\nIn-universe, they'd explain this just like we would in real life. If a really buff but physically small person wins, say, an arm-wrestling contest with someone pushing 7 feet, we'd be impressed. It would be odd, for sure, but it wouldn't be something impossible. In a world where divine blessings and magic are commonplace, the idea of a strong gnome beating a goliath in a contest of strength becomes less unbelievable, and more possible.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "So I'm pretty far into writing my dystopian novel and I was reading over what I had. Something that helps me when I first start a novel is to get a clear picture of my characters in my head and put a face to a name, so I usually sculpt a personality and find a Google image of someone who I think matches that, and I put all of those into documents for my personal reference. I looked over my main five characters--Analise, Poet, Shove, Star, and Nova--and then suddenly something jumped out at me. Analise is Hispanic, Shove is Japanese, and Poet, Star, and Nova are all black.\nI had forgotten about their races because it wasn't important to me and I had not noticed while I was writing, because the story isn't about their racial backgrounds. But is it, I don't know, somehow alienating or offensive to white readers that the characters aren't white, and that no main characters are white? ", + "input": "", + "output": "The answer I'll give you here is the same as the ones I've already given you and others: write what works for you. If these are who the characters are, then that's who they are. If you're forcing diversity, then it will come off as forced. That includes making some characters white just to be diverse.\n\nWill you alienate or even offend some white readers? Yes.\n\nBut this is not the type of offense to worry about. Some people are so used to being in the mainstream everywhere and for everything, that they loudly protest when suddenly they're not. If they don't like your story, they can go literally anyplace else to find beautiful, stirring, authentic depictions of all sorts of white people. Even within works about people of color.\n\nSome people will argue that this is exactly the same as novels only including white people. But, no. It isn't. Because representation isn't just about a single work. It's about the entirety of our culture. Americans (and most Westerners) find white people so central to their understanding of the universe that they insert them in places they might not otherwise be and tell entire stories set in nonwhite worlds from the white character's point of view. (I just watched The Last King of Scotland which does exactly this...they invented a white character for this very purpose...in a movie about real events in Uganda.)\n\nWrite the story that matters to you.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "When I do ```\\footnote{}``` for a value in a table, the footnote doesn't show up. How do I get it to show up? Also, is it possible to get it to show up at the bottom of the table rather than the bottom of the page?", + "input": "", + "output": "This is a classic difficulty in LaTeX.\n\nThe problem is how to do layout with floats (figures and tables, an similar objects) and footnotes. In particular, it is hard to pick a place for a float with certainty that making room for the associated footnotes won't cause trouble. So the standard ```tabular``` and ```figure``` environments don't even try.\n\nWhat can you do:\n\n* Fake it. Just put a hardcoded vertical skip at the bottom of the caption and then write the footnote yourself (use ```\\footnotesize``` for the size). You also have to manage the symbols or number yourself with ```\\footnotemark```. Simple, but not very attractive, and the footnote does not appear at the bottom of the page.\n* Use the ```tabularx```, ```longtable```, ```threeparttable[x]``` (kudos to Joseph) or ```ctable``` which support this behavior.\n* Manage it by hand. Use ```[h!]``` (or ```[H]``` with the float package) to control where the float will appear, and ```\\footnotetext``` on the same page to put the footnote where you want it. Again, use ```\\footnotemark``` to install the symbol. Fragile and requires hand-tooling every instance.\n* The ```footnote``` package provides the ```savenote``` environment, which can be used to do this.\n* Minipage it (code stolen outright, and read the disclaimer about long caption texts in that case):\n\n\n \\begin{figure}\n \\begin{minipage}{\\textwidth}\n ...\n \\caption[Caption for LOF]%\n {Real caption\\footnote{blah}}\n \\end{minipage}\n \\end{figure}\n\nAdditional reference: TeX FAQ item Footnotes in tables.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why is kVA not the same as kW?", + "input": "", + "output": "Both watts and volt-amps come from the same equation, $P=IV$, but the difference is how they're measured.\nTo get volt-amps, you multiply root mean square (RMS) voltage ($V$) with RMS current ($I$) with no regard for the timing/phasing between them. This is what the wiring and pretty much all electrical/electronic components have to deal with.\n\nTo get watts, you multiply instantaneous voltage ($V$) with instantaneous current ($I$) for every sample, then average those results. This is the energy that is actually transferred.\n\nNow to compare the two measurements:\nIf voltage and current are both sinewaves, then $\\text{watts} = \\text{volt-amps} \\times \\cos(\\phi)$, where $\\phi$ is the phase angle between voltage and current. It's pretty easy to see from this that if they're both sine waves and if they're in phase ($\\phi = 0$), then $\\text{watts} = \\text{volt-amps}$.\n\nHowever, if you're NOT dealing with sine waves, the $\\cos(\\phi)$ relationship no longer applies! So you have to go the long way around and actually do the measurements as described here.\n\nHow might that happen? Easy. DC power supplies. They're everywhere, including battery chargers, and the vast majority of them only draw current at the peak of the AC voltage waveform because that's the only time that their filter capacitors are otherwise less than the input voltage. So they draw a big spike of current to recharge the caps, starting just before the voltage peak and ending right at the voltage peak, and then they draw nothing until the next peak.\n\nAnd of course there's an exception to this rule also, and that is Power Factor Correction (PFC). DC power supplies with PFC are specialized switching power supplies that end up producing more DC voltage than the highest AC peak, and they do it in such a way that their input current follows the input voltage almost exactly. Of course, this is only an approximation, but the goal is to get a close enough match that the $\\cos(\\phi)$ shortcut becomes acceptably close to accurate, with $\\phi \\approx 0$. Then, given this high voltage DC, a secondary switching supply produces what is actually required by the circuit being powered.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Elon Musk and his partner want to name their child X Æ A-12.\nIs that name allowed in California, US?", + "input": "", + "output": "We could start with what the statutes say (HSC 102425)\n\n (a) The certificate of live birth for a live birth occurring on or after January 1, 2016, shall contain those items necessary to establish the fact of the birth and shall contain only the following information; (1) Full name and sex of the child.\n\nIt says nothing about the form of that name. Therefore, any prohibition of the letter Æ (or æ) etc. would have to come from the administrative interpretation of California Department of Public Health, Vital Records. There is a long handbook, which on p. 112 states the rule regarding child names. The rules note that\n\n The form must be completed using the 26 alphabetical characters of the English language with appropriate punctuation, if necessary. No pictographs (), ideograms (), diacritical marks (è, ñ, ē, ç), or extraneous entries are allowed.\n\nSo the short answer is, unless you feel like making a court case out of the matter and you have a lot of money, this name will not be allowed. The rule might be challenged in court as exceeding statutory authority, and might well be deemed to discriminate w.r.t. race and national origin. The rule could be defended on grounds of necessity, if we presume that the department is incapable of recording information other than the 26 letters and \"appropriate punctuation\" (undefined, presumably only apostrophe). It's not that in principle Unicode doesn't exist, it's that their system may not be capable of dealing with it (numerous problems would arise from the non-unique mapping from visual representation to Unicode number). There does not seem to be a court ruling on the matter.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In this Creation magazine reprint of a 1994 article titled Exploding stars point to a young universe, Young-Earth Creationist, Jonathan Sarfati argues that the scarcity of Supernova remnants (SNRs) in the sky suggests the Milky Way galaxy is less than billions of years old.\n\nOn average, a galaxy like our own, the Milky Way, should produce one supernova every 25 years.\n[...]\nAs can be readily seen above, a young universe model fits the data of the low number of observed SNRs. If the universe was really billions of years old, there are 7000 missing SNRs in our galaxy.\n\nDoes astronomy predict a Milky Way supernova every 25 years? Are there missing SNRs that undermine these predictions?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are many reasons why this is wrong. The first one is the assumption of 1 supernova per 25 years. That was the value arrived at in Gustav Tammann's article published in 1970. Others got values up to 100 years (Tammann himself changed his value later). All these values are really only good guesses.\n\nWorse errors are made in the percentage of remnants that should be visible. To start with, only a small percentage of them are visible; the others are obscured by dust in the galaxy. This does not happen to the same extent to the supernovas themselves, as they are intrinsically very much brighter. \n\nSarfati also uses an old paper to come up with the number of remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud (a satellite galaxy to the Milky Way). However, that figure was considered to be wrong (and much smaller) in later studies. Older remnants are very difficult to distinguish against a background of dust in the galaxy. Many of them disappear completely after about 10,000 years or so.\n\nIt should be noted that, using Sarfati's own reasoning, we should not be able to see any remnants older than 6000 years. Instead, we know of remnants (e.g. G166.2 + 2.5) that are over 100,000 years old. How did those originate in his universe? The same goes for the distance to supernovas. The distance to SN 1987A has been trigonometrically measured at 167,000 light years (the paper says 51,200 parsecs). In other words, its light took more than 30 times longer to reach us than the creationist universe has supposedly existed. \n\nRemember also that a supernova typically becomes either a pulsar or a black hole, both of which are very hard to observe. A black hole can only be \"seen\" through its effects on other matter, and a pulsar is mainly visible if the solar system happens to be in line with its sweeping radio beam (with some pulsars the star itself has also been seen). Hence, all we can see of them long after the event is an expanding cloud of gas that gets dimmer over the millennia.\n\nThere are several other reasons which are covered in a very good article on TalkOrigins. That article has links to all the original scientific papers referred to, so you can check the validity yourself.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why is there so much technical detail of whaling included in Moby-Dick?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are multiple purposes behind the novel structure of Moby-Dick.\n\nIn the first instance the author was himself a whaleman, having spent 18 months as an ordinary seaman aboard the whaler Acushnet in 1841–42. In his experience the literature of the day, such as Miriam \n\nCoffin or The Whale-Fisherman by Joseph Hart, did not portray whaling accurately but rather sensationalised it. He wished to provide his readers with a more realistic account.\n\nIn doing so, he also gave the reader the information necessary to better understand and appreciate the passages of whaling described in the novel. With the reader forewarned, he is able to keep the narrative passages tense and exciting. It is interesting that, early in the novel, the Pequod meets virutally no whales and that the chases become longer and more involved as the story progresses. This may be because Melville felt he needed to give the reader more and more technical information before they could fully appreicate these encounters, but understood the science would need to be spaced out among the narrative.\n\nIn describing it to the reader, the science also serves another useful narrative function. It indicates that on whaling voyages, long periods of time pass when nothing much happens at all. By padding out of the story with scientific digressions serves as a useful narrative metaphor for waiting.\n\nThe level of detail provided also mirrors one of the novel's central themes: obsession. Although Ishmael is the narrator and Ahab the obvious obsessive, the amount of science indicates that Ishmael is also an obsessive. His obsession is the business of whaling itself.\n\nFinally, Melville made good use of these passages in serving as metaphors for other themes of the novel where he felt it appropriate. For example in the chapter The Line, which describes how the whale line is stored and used in the boat, it ends by using the line as a metaphor.\n\n \"All men live enveloped in whale-lines. All are born with halters round their necks; but it is only when caught in the swift, sudden turn of death, that mortals realize the silent, subtle, ever-present perils of life.\"\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why are we building larger land-based telescopes instead of launching larger ones into space?", + "input": "", + "output": "Because it's cheaper.\n(1) With adaptive optics you can get 0.1 arc second resolution on the ground (admittedly only on a mountain top with particularly good air flow, but still!). This eliminates one of the major advantages of space until you get above several meters mirror diameter.\n(2) Rocket fairings are the shrouds which protect payloads during the supersonic atmospherics speeds reached during launch. A 5 meter fairing is about the largest that can be flown, which limits the size of the one-piece mirrors which can be launched. (The Dreaded Webb Telescope's mirror is in pieces which will assemble themselves in space -- a very scary and very expensive piece of design.)\n(3) Servicing a telescope on the top of Mauna Kea or in the high Chilean Andes is a difficult and expensive process. Servicing a telescope in orbit makes that look like small change. (Cost comparable to the cost of building a new giant scope on Earth.) And in-orbit servicing can't even be done with current technology except in low earth orbit.\n(4) While high resolution is one frontier in astronomy, going deep is another, and going deep requires big mirrors. A 30 meter mirror on Earth gathers much more light than a 5 meter mirror in space. The giant terrestrial telescopes simply do a better job of being light buckets for spectroscopy than anything we can yet put into space.\n\nThe bottom line is that with the development of adaptive optics, space-based telescopes of currently buildable and launchable size lost their main advantage over ground-based telescopes. And since they're 10x to 100x the cost, they are simply not worth building for many purposes.\n\nSpace based telescopes still hold a significant edge in parts of the spectrum blocked by the atmosphere such as UV and IR (Webb), and for certain tasks involving long-term high accuracy photometry (Kepler) and astrometry (Gaia). But for general purpose use, the balance seems firmly on the ground's side for large telescopes.\n\nThis will change if space flight becomes cheaper -- the SpaceX BFR, for example, with its 9 meter fairing and dramatically lower launch costs, offers great hope for space telescopes.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why can we see the dust particles in a narrow beam of light (and not in an all lighted area)?", + "input": "", + "output": "Your inability to see the dust until you narrow the slit has nothing to do with the narrowness of the beam but instead the dynamic range of light that your eye can see at one time.\nA bit of searching turns up reports of a contrast ratio for you eye at one time as between 100:1 and 1000:1. This means if you're in a room with a range of brightness greater than about 100 to 1 the brightest things will all be washed out as white and the darkest things will all be essentially black. This is obvious in photos that are \"backlit\" like this one:\n\nThese horses aren't black but because the ratio of the bright light to the dark horses exceeds the dynamic range of the camera the sky is washed out white and the horses are in silhouette.\nYour eye can adjust over time to a huge range but it can't utilize the whole range all at once.\nIn the case of dust reflecting light, if you allow a lot of light into the room the relative brightness between the small amount of light the dust is reflecting and the rest of the illuminated room prevent you from seeing the dust.\n\nThis is fundamental to signal processing. Why can't you hear a whisper in a noisy room? The noise of the crowd obscures the whisper. The difference between the signal you're trying to pick up and the background noise is called the signal-to-noise ratio. In the case of dust, the light let into the room is scattered and reflected in the room and causes the room to be illuminated. This is the noise that obscures the signal from light reflected off of the dust.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I can not initialize a List as in the following code:\n```List supplierNames = new List();\nsupplierNames.add(\"sup1\");\nsupplierNames.add(\"sup2\");\nsupplierNames.add(\"sup3\");\nSystem.out.println(supplierNames.get(1));\n```\nI face the following error: \n\n Cannot instantiate the type ```List```\n\nHow can I instantiate ```List```?", + "input": "", + "output": "If you check the API for ```List``` you'll notice it says:\n```Interface List\n```\nBeing an ```interface``` means it cannot be instantiated (no ```new List()``` is possible).\nIf you check that link, you'll find some ```class```es that implement ```List```:\n\nAll Known Implementing Classes:\n```AbstractList```, ```AbstractSequentialList```, ```ArrayList```, ```AttributeList```, ```CopyOnWriteArrayList```, ```LinkedList```, ```RoleList```, ```RoleUnresolvedList```, ```Stack```, ```Vector```\n\nSome of those can be instantiated (the ones that are not defined as ```abstract class```). Use their links to know more about them, I.E: to know which fits better your needs.\nThe 3 most commonly used ones probably are:\n``` List supplierNames1 = new ArrayList();\n List supplierNames2 = new LinkedList();\n List supplierNames3 = new Vector();\n```\n\nBonus:\nYou can also instantiate it with values, in an easier way, using the ```Arrays``` ```class```, as follows:\n```List supplierNames = Arrays.asList("sup1", "sup2", "sup3");\nSystem.out.println(supplierNames.get(1));\n```\nBut note you are not allowed to add more elements to that list, as it's ```fixed-size```.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the difference between ```warnings.warn()``` and ```logging.warn()``` in terms of what they do and how they should be used?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are the differences:\n\n* ```logging.warning``` just logs something at the ```WARNING``` level, in the same way that ```logging.info``` logs at the ```INFO``` level and ```logging.error``` logs at the ```ERROR``` level. It has no special behaviour.\n\n* ```warnings.warn``` emits a ```Warning```, which may be printed to ```stderr```, ignored completely, or thrown like a normal ```Exception``` (potentially crashing your application) depending upon the precise ```Warning``` subclass emitted and how you've configured your Warnings Filter. By default, warnings will be printed to ```stderr``` or ignored.\n\n* Warnings emitted by ```warnings.warn``` are often useful to know about, but easy to miss (especially if you're running a Python program in a background process and not capturing ```stderr```). For that reason, it can be helpful to have them logged.\n\nTo use them, Python provides a built-in integration between the ```logging``` module and the ```warnings``` module to let you do this; just call ```logging.captureWarnings(True)``` at the start of your script and all warnings emitted by the ```warnings``` module will automatically be logged at level ```WARNING```.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In Greek mythology, the words \"Titan\" and \"God\" seem to be used interchangeably. For example, Zeus is a God, but Cronus (his father) was a Titan. So what is the difference between a Titan and a God in Greek mythology? ", + "input": "", + "output": "A 'god' is synonymous to a 'deity'; the Titans and Titanesses were gods, they were members of the second order of divine beings - after Gaia and Uranus, and the other primordial deities.\n\nCronus and his fellow Titans comprised the second Ancient Greek pantheon (the first comprising of deities such as Ananke, Gaea, and Ouranos), which the younger generation of gods, including Zeus, would later usurp, as the Titans usurped the primordial gods before them. (For more information on this concept of change in dominant deities, read up on the theory of The Golden Age, particularly that of Hesiod, who also wrote the only surviving account of the Titans in his Theogony.)\n\nAs for why the Titans have their own order name as opposed to Zeus et al who are simply 'gods', there is debate as to the exact etymology of the word 'titan' but this quote from Hesiod's Theogony states:\n\n"But these sons whom he begot himself great Heaven used to call Titans （Strainers） in reproach, for he said that they strained (τιταίνοντας) and did presumptuous a fearful deed, and that vengeance (τίσιν) for it would come afterwards."\nTrans. Evelyn-White, here with side-by-side Greek.\n\nHowever this is not to say Hesiod was correct; he himself was writing long after the supposed Golden Age ended.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How do weather models work?", + "input": "", + "output": "All numerical atmospheric models are built around calculations derived from primitive equations that describe atmospheric flow. Vilhelm Bjerknes discovered the relationships and thereby became the father of numerical weather prediction. Conceptually, the equations can be thought of as describing how a parcel of air would move in relationship to its surroundings. For instance, we learn at a young age that hot air rises. The hydrostatic vertical momentum equation explains why and quantifies under what condictions hot air would stop rising. (As the air rises it expands and cools until it reaches hydrostatic equilibrium.) The other equations consider other types of motion and heat transfer.\n\nUnfortunately, the equations are nonlinear, which means that you can't simply plug in a few numbers and get useful results. Instead, weather models are simulations which divide the atmosphere into three-dimensional grids and calculate how matter and energy will flow from one cube of space into another during discrete time increments. Actual atmospheric flow is continuous, not discrete, so by necessity the models are approximations. Different models make different approximations appropriate to their specific purpose.\n\nNumerical models have been improving over time for several reasons:\n\n* More and better input data,\n* Tighter grids, and\n* Better approximations.\n\nIncreasing computational power has allowed models to use smaller grid boxes. However, the number of computations increases exponentially with the number of boxes and the process suffers diminishing returns. On the input end of things, more and better sensors improve the accuracy of the initial conditions of the model. Synoptic scale and mesoscale models take input from General Circulation Models, which helps set reasonable intial conditions. On the output end, Model Output Statistics do a remarkable job of estimating local weather by comparing the current model state with historical data of times when the model showed similar results. Finally, ensemble models take the output of several models as input and produce a range of possibly outcomes.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am currently trying to decipher Mazur's Eisenstein ideal paper (not a comment about his clarity, rather about my current abilities). One of the reasons I am doing that is that many people told me that the paper was somehow revolutionary and introduced a new method into number theory. \nCould you explain exactly what subsequent developments did the paper bring, what ideas in the paper were considered more-or-less original (at the time it was published), and exactly what difficulties did these ideas resolve that people failed to resolve before the paper was published (if any)?", + "input": "", + "output": "First, Mazur's paper is arguably the first paper where the new ideas (and language) of the Grothendieck revolution in algebraic geometry were fully embraced and crucially used in pure number theory. Here are several notable examples: Mazur makes crucial use of the theory of finite flat group schemes to understand the behavior of the $p$-adic Tate modules of Jacobians at the prime $p$. He studies modular forms of level one over finite rings (which need not lift to characteristic zero when the residue characteristic is $2$ or $3$). He proves theorems about mod-$p$ modular forms using what are essentially comparison theorems between etale cohomology and de Rham cohomology, and many more examples. The proof of the main theorem ($\\S5$, starting at page 156) is itself a very modern proof which fundamentally uses the viewpoint of $X_0(N)$ as a scheme.\n\nSecond, there are many beautiful ideas which have their original in this paper: it contains many of the first innovative ideas for studying $2$-dimensional (and beyond) Galois representations, including the link between geometric properties (multiplicity one) and arithmetic properties, geometric conceptions for studying congruences between Galois representations, understanding the importance of the finite-flat property of group schemes, and the identification of the Gorenstein property. There is a theoretical $p$-descent on the Eisenstein quotient when previously descents were almost all explicit $2$-descents with specific equations. It introduces the winding quotient, and so on.\n\nThird, while it is a dense paper, it is dense in the best possible way: many of the small diversions could have made interesting papers on their own. Indeed, even close readers of the paper today can find connections between Mazur's asides and cutting edge mathematics. When Mazur raises a question in the text, it is almost invariably very interesting. One particular (great) habit that Mazur has is thinking about various isomorphisms and by pinning down various canonical choices identifies refined invariants. To take a random example, consider his exploration of the Shimura subgroup at the end of section 11. He finishes with a question which to a casual reader may as well be a throw-away remark. But this question was first solved by Merel, and more recently generalized in some very nice work of Emmanuel Lecouturier. Lecouturier's ideas then played an important role in the work of Michael Harris and Akshay Venkatesh. Again, one could give many more such examples of this. Very few papers have the richness of footnotes and asides that this paper does. Never forget that one of the hardest things in mathematics is coming up with interesting questions and observations, and this paper contains many great ones - it is bursting with the ideas of a truly creative mathematician.\n\nFinally, the result itself is amazing, and (pretty much) remains the only method available for proving the main theorem (the second proof due to Mazur is very related to this one). To give a sense of how great the theorem is, note that if $E$ is a semistable elliptic curve, then either $E$ is isogenous to a curve with a $p$-torsion point, or $E[p]$ is absolutely irreducible. This result (added for clarity: explicitly, Mazur's Theorem that $E/\\mathbf{Q}$ doesn't have a $p$-torsion point for $p > 7$) is crucially used in Wiles' proof of Fermat. One could certainly argue that without this paper (and how it transformed algebraic number theory) we would not have had Wiles' proof of Fermat, but it's even literally true that Mazur's theorem was (and remains so today, over 40 years later) an essential step in any proof of Fermat.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Tracing XML request/responses with JAX-WS", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the solution in raw code:\n```Endpoint ep = Endpoint.create(new WebserviceImpl());\nList handlerChain = ep.getBinding().getHandlerChain();\nhandlerChain.add(new SOAPLoggingHandler());\nep.getBinding().setHandlerChain(handlerChain);\nep.publish(publishURL);\n```\nWhere SOAPLoggingHandler is (ripped from linked examples):\n```package com.myfirm.util.logging.ws;\nimport java.io.PrintStream;\nimport java.util.Map;\nimport java.util.Set;\nimport javax.xml.namespace.QName;\nimport javax.xml.soap.SOAPMessage;\nimport javax.xml.ws.handler.MessageContext;\nimport javax.xml.ws.handler.soap.SOAPHandler;\nimport javax.xml.ws.handler.soap.SOAPMessageContext;\n/*\n * This simple SOAPHandler will output the contents of incoming\n * and outgoing messages.\n */\npublic class SOAPLoggingHandler implements SOAPHandler {\n // change this to redirect output if desired\n private static PrintStream out = System.out;\n public Set getHeaders() {\n return null;\n }\n public boolean handleMessage(SOAPMessageContext smc) {\n logToSystemOut(smc);\n return true;\n }\n public boolean handleFault(SOAPMessageContext smc) {\n logToSystemOut(smc);\n return true;\n }\n // nothing to clean up\n public void close(MessageContext messageContext) {\n }\n /*\n * Check the MESSAGE_OUTBOUND_PROPERTY in the context\n * to see if this is an outgoing or incoming message.\n * Write a brief message to the print stream and\n * output the message. The writeTo() method can throw\n * SOAPException or IOException\n */\n private void logToSystemOut(SOAPMessageContext smc) {\n Boolean outboundProperty = (Boolean)\n smc.get (MessageContext.MESSAGE_OUTBOUND_PROPERTY);\n if (outboundProperty.booleanValue()) {\n out.println(\"\\nOutbound message:\");\n } else {\n out.println(\"\\nInbound message:\");\n }\n SOAPMessage message = smc.getMessage();\n try {\n message.writeTo(out);\n out.println(\"\"); // just to add a newline\n } catch (Exception e) {\n out.println(\"Exception in handler: \" + e);\n }\n }\n}\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In Vim, how do I insert characters at the beginning of each line in a selection?\nFor instance, I want to comment out a block of code by prepending ```//``` at the beginning of each line assuming my language's comment system doesn't allow block commenting like ```/* */```. How would I do this?", + "input": "", + "output": "The general pattern for search and replace is:\n```:s/search/replace/\n```\nReplaces the first occurrence of 'search' with 'replace' for current line\n```:s/search/replace/g\n```\nReplaces all occurrences of 'search' with 'replace' for current line, 'g' is short for 'global'\nThis command will replace each occurrence of 'search' with 'replace' for the current line only. The % is used to search over the whole file. To confirm each replacement interactively append a 'c' for confirm:\n```:%s/search/replace/c\n```\nInteractive confirm replacing 'search' with 'replace' for the entire file\nInstead of the % character you can use a line number range (note that the '^' character is a special search character for the start of line):\n```:14,20s/^/#/\n```\nInserts a '#' character at the start of lines 14-20\nIf you want to use another comment character (like //) then change your command delimiter:\n```:14,20s!^!//!\n```\nInserts a '//' character sequence at the start of lines 14-20\nOr you can always just escape the // characters like:\n```:14,20s/^/\\/\\//\n```\nInserts a '//' character sequence at the start of lines 14-20\nIf you are not seeing line numbers in your editor, simply type the following\n```:set nu\n```\nHope this helps!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why doesn't the nuclear fusion in a star make it explode?", + "input": "", + "output": "The fusion that occurs in the core of the Sun occurs in nothing like the conditions you might be thinking of in a bomb, or a fusion reactor. In particular, it occurs at much lower temperatures and at a much lower rate. A cubic metre of material in the solar core is only releasing around 250 W of power by fusion.\nThe fusion rate is set by the temperature (and to a lesser extent, density) of the core. This in turn is set by the need for a pressure gradient to balance the weight of material pressing down on it from above. At 15 million kelvin (the core temperature, which is much lower than the temperatures in nuclear bombs or fusion reactors), the average proton has a lifetime of several billion years before being converted (with three others) into a helium nucleus. There are two reasons this is slow. First, you have to get protons, which repel each other electromagnetically, close enough together to feel the strong nuclear force. This is why high temperatures are needed. Second, because the diproton is unstable, one of the protons needs to change into a neutron via a weak force interaction, whilst it is in the unstable diproton state, to form a deuterium nucleus. This is just inherently unlikely and means the overall reaction chain to helium is very slow.\nThe reason there is no bomb-like explosion is because there is no problem in shifting 250 W per cubic metre away from the core, in the same way that a compost heap, which generates about the same power density, does not spontaneously explode. In the case of a star any additional heat goes into more radiation that diffuses away and in work done in expanding the star. As a result, the temperature of the core is stable. Ultimately, any additional energy emerges as sunlight at the solar photosphere.\nIf for some reason, the opacity to radiation in the core increased, then the temperature would rise and more energy would be generated by fusion. This is exactly what happens in the core as more hydrogen is turned into helium; the core temperature and luminosity do rise, but slowly, on timescales of billions of years.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Does hot water freeze faster than cold water?", + "input": "", + "output": "In certain settings, cold water freezers slower than hot water. This is called the Mpemba effect:\n\nHot water can in fact freeze faster than cold water for a wide range of experimental conditions. This phenomenon is extremely counterintuitive, and surprising even to most scientists, but it is in fact real. It has been seen and studied in numerous experiments. While this phenomenon has been known for centuries, and was described by Aristotle, Bacon, and Descartes, it was not introduced to the modern scientific community until 1969, by a Tanzanian high school student named Mpemba.\n\nHere are some suggested reasons:\n\n1. Evaporation — As the initially warmer water cools to the initial temperature of the initially cooler water, it may lose significant amounts of water to evaporation. The reduced mass will make it easier for the water to cool and freeze. Then the initially warmer water can freeze before the initially cooler water, but will make less ice.\n2. Dissolved Gasses — Hot water can hold less dissolved gas than cold water, and large amounts of gas escape upon boiling. So the initially warmer water may have less dissolved gas than the initially cooler water.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "O que é Reflection. Por que é útil?\n* É recomendável usar em projetos?\n* Como usar?\n* Em quais situações Reflection pode ser usado?", + "input": "", + "output": "Reflection é um termo usado para indicar a capacidade de obter metadados sobre o próprio programa compilado, em português pode-se referir a isso como reflexão mesmo.\nComo assim, metadados?\nObter informações sobre os tipos de dados, de forma dinâmica, é muito importante para códigos que atuam sobre objetos que não se conhece em tempo de design. É muito usado em bibliotecas que se propõem a lidar com objetos de tipos que elas desconhecem em sua concepção.\nO ASP.NET MVC por exemplo, só é um projeto possível por causa da reflexão. De que forma ele poderia chamar os métodos dos controllers, que ele nem conhece?\nVisto, isso é preciso dizer que reflexão não é sempre rápido, é necessário verificar permissões, o nível de segurança em que o código está rodando, entre outras. Por isso, quando se obtém um resultado qualquer vindo através da reflexão, geralmente essas informações são colocadas em cache, ou seja, salvas em memória.\nÉ recomendável?\nDepende do uso:\n\n* sim, é recomendável: para criar comportamentos dinâmicos usando atributos, a única opção é reflexão\n* sim, é recomendável: para chamar método que não se conhece durante a concepção do sistema, também é a única opção\n* não, é abuso fazer isso: chamar um método, de uma classe conhecida em design-time usando reflexão... é absurdo\n\nExistem tantas formas de usar reflexão que eu poderia continuar essa lista por muito tempo. Então mais vale o seguinte conselho: bom senso.\nComo usar?\nExistem alguns vetores de uso de reflexão que eu conheço. Para demonstrá-los, vamos considerar primeiramente a seguinte classe:\n```public class Pessoa\n{\n public string Nome { get; set; }\n}\n```\n\n* Expressões Lambda: esse é um vetor de reflexão, pois é possível usar expressões lambda para chegar aos tipos, métodos entre outros objetos refletidos, que tenham sido usados na expressão. É comumente utilizado para tornar fortemente tipada a obtenção de objetos refletidos de membros de uma classe, antes disso só era possível obter esses objetos indicando uma string com o nome do método.\n```Expression> expr = p => p.Nome;\nvar lambda = (LambdaExpression)expr;\nvar cast = lambda.Body as UnaryExpression;\nvar member = (cast != null ? cast.Operand : lambda.Body) as MemberExpression;\nvar propInfo = member.Member as PropertyInfo;\nConsole.WriteLine(propInfo.Name); // \"Nome\"\n```\n* typeof(Tipo): essa é uma das formas mais comuns de obter informações refletidas do sistema. Serve para obter informações sobre o tipo indicado diretamente.\n```var tipo = typeof(Pessoa);\nConsole.WriteLine(tipo.Name); // \"Pessoa\"\n```\n* obj.GetType(): tão comum quando ```typeof```, mas ao invés de se referir a um tipo diretamente, refere-se ao tipo do objeto em questão: mas tem um detalhe, não é do tipo declarado da variável, mas sim do objeto em si.\n```var p = new Pessoa();\nvar tipo = p.GetType();\nConsole.WriteLine(tipo.IsSealed); // \"false\"\n```\n* Assembly: é usada para obter tipos em larga escala: por exemplo, para escanear todos os tipos existentes em um assembly, ou então em todos os assemblies carregados.\n```// localizando um tipo, dentre todos os tipos carregados\nvar todosOsTiposCarregados = AppDomain.CurrentDomain\n .GetAssemblies()\n .SelectMany(a => a.GetTypes())\n .Where(t => t.Name == \"Pessoa\");\n```\n\nE o namespace Reflection.Emit?\nNão está claro na minha mente se considero isso reflexão ou não. Mas de qualquer forma, é necessário usar reflexão para gerar código dinamicamente, então tem uma conexão.\nComo disse, esse namespace contém classes usadas para gerar código dinamicamente... e então compilá-los. Lembra do que eu falei sobre cache de reflexão... compilar métodos é um bom alvo de cache, pois depois de compilado os futuros usos serão muitíssimo rápidos.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the difference between minimum and infimum?", + "input": "", + "output": "The minimum is attained, the infimum isn't necessarily. \nExample.\nLet $f(x) = \\frac{1}{x}$. Then $f$ has no minimum value on the interval $(0,\\infty)$. The minimum is the smallest element in the set. That is\n$$\n\\min\\{f(x)\\mid x\\in (0,\\infty)\\}\n$$\ndoesn't exist because there is not smallest number in the set.\nAnother example is the minimum of the set $S = (0,1) = \\{x\\mid 0 the Nespresso support agent said that the machines should not be connected to a GFCI outlet\n\nWhere do they think Nespresso machines are used? Bedrooms? No, they're kitchen appliances and GFCIs are widely used in kitchens. GFCIs are code requirements and have been for ~20 years. If they are unable to make a GFCI-compatible machine, then their machine is unfit for purpose, and they have breached their implied warranty. Also, the things use water, for Pete's sake.\n\nThat said, machines do break. On a modern "mass produced, not expected to be repaired" machine, that means it is "at end-of-life".\n\n> This call with Nespresso was the first time I'd ever seen someone claim that GFCI outlets can potentially damage coffee machines.\n\nLOL no. Such a claim is both nonsensical and inexcusable, and is certainly not coming from their technical department, nor has it been reviewed by their legal team, nor will you ever get them to put that in writing. Most likely it is because companies put tremendous pressure on customer service agents to have a high rate of good ratings, "close it in 1 call" and "avoid shipping replacement units". A GFCI-trip call is a worst-case scenario for an agent, and so they're going to say whatever they need to to get a satisfactory 1-call close. That is about their only option.\n\nIn a rare case, the GFCI might be end-of-life and not be working properly, but that is easily tested by plugging it into the next outlet over that is on a different GFCI, since kitchens generally have 2 independent circuits.\n\nNow, other things can damage a coffee maker. Notably a "Lost Neutral", where the neutral lead from the power company breaks, causing neutral in the house to wander - the two 120V "halves of the service" still add up to 240V but they are lopsided, with one side higher than 120V. That is particularly hard on resistive heat appliances, since their heat increases by the square of voltage increase. Lost neutrals can be pernicious and difficult to detect, so it can go weeks or months without being noticed. It's not like service panels have voltmeters on them.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have extremely bad posture, what can I do?", + "input": "", + "output": "You can do stretches, strengthening and breathing exercises to improve your posture. But you also have to become aware of your posture and find a way to interrupt prolonged sitting intervals with brief breaks. A good ergonomic chair is also helpful.\n\n## Musculo-Skeletal Effects of Poor Sitting Posture\n\nPoor sitting posture can create muscle imbalances over time.\n\n* In general, your front stuctures shorten, with muscles like your hip flexors and pectorals tightening up - pulling you into a ball. Your crunched sitting posture caves your lower ribs down towards your abdomen which prevents the diaphragm from expanding freely. \n* At the same time the muscles of your back stretch out and weaken, especially in the range where they should be working to maintain your posture.\n\nAs this posture persists over time, you joints begin to lose normal range of motion as well making it more difficult to assume a good posture.\n\n\n## Correcting Slumped Sitting Posture\nTailor an exercise program to stretch tightened muscles and strengthen weakened muscles. Additionally, you need a method to become aware of your posture and correct it while you are sitting. This is difficult because as you say, your attention is on your work. Exercise programs like Yoga, Tai-Chi and Pilates are good because they all address and make you very aware of your posture, joint alignments, flexibility, core control and breathing.\n\nUse Specific Exercises to Correct Muscle Imbalances:\n\n* Back, Upper Back and Scapular muscles: Back Extensions strengthen your paraspinals. Use different arm positions (Y, T, W, L) to target your lower traps, mid traps, rhomboids and scapular stabilizors. Learn the feel of retracting your scapulas.\nYou can do these on the floor next to your desk. \nOr if you prefer not to get on the floor, use resistance bands for reverse flys, wide rows, narrow rows and rotations. \nAway from work, you can also strengthen these muscles using weights, cables and body weight exercises like inverted rows, cable rows, bent over rows, reverse flys etc. And squats are a good for strengthening multiple muscles important to posture.\n* Core: Plank, Side Plank, Bird Dog and Bridge will stabilize your trunk and spine.\n* Stretches: - Hip Flexors, Hamstrings, Abs and Pecs. The wall pec stretch stretches the pecs but also contracts the rhomboid and trapezius scapular muscles to help improve the positioning of the shoulder and shoulder blade and is easy to do at work. \n* Sitting Posture and Breathing Awareness - This sitting posture exercise helps make you aware of your sitting alignment and expanding your diaphragm. Practice a few diaphramatic breaths throughout the day along with this sitting exercise to elongate your spine.\n\nCreate your ideal short exercise routine that you can do during short breaks during the day. An exercise ball next to your desk can help you target these muscles in just a few minutes:\n\n* Lie back over the ball and stretch out your front \n* Lie face down over the ball and do the Y, W, T, L exercises.\nAnd consider using the ball as your desk chair for short periods.\n\n## Remembering your Posture throughout the day:\n\nThis is the hard part. As your muscle imbalances begin to resolve and your diaphragmatic breathing improves, you’ll find that the slouched posture becomes less comfortable and you will automatically begin to sit better. Until then, use a timed reminder or try tying your posture corrections to tasks that you do at the computer regularly. For example, correct your posture each time you check your email or some other specific link. Turn on your web cam for visual reminders.\n\nKeep at it until you feel the improvement. You'll have less problems going forward if you improve your posture. It either gets better - or it gets worse.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to add margin top to ```class=\"row\"``` elements using twitter bootstrap framework?", + "input": "", + "output": "Editing or overriding the row in Twitter bootstrap is a bad idea, because this is a core part of the page scaffolding and you will need rows without a top margin.\n\nTo solve this, instead create a new class \"top-buffer\" that adds the standard margin that you need.\n\n```.top-buffer { margin-top:20px; }```\n\nAnd then use it on the row divs where you need a top margin.\n\n```
...```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In FTL: Faster Than Light, what triggers crew experience increases?", + "input": "", + "output": "###Piloting\nA crew member who is controlling a helm gains one point of experience for each incoming projectile that is dodged during combat. This includes asteroids, so long as you are in combat at the time. (Note that the dodges do not count while you ship is under the effects of +60% evasion from a cloak.)\nThis can be explicitly trained by finding an enemy that cannot break through your shields, and letting him fire at you. Increasing your dodge chance (i.e. more power to engines) will help this occur quicker, but even with the default chance you can max out the skill eventually.\n\n###Engines\nExactly as for piloting, a crew member manning the engines gains one point of XP for each projectile evaded while uncloaked in combat - and so it can be trained in the same way.\n\n###Weapons\nA crew member who is manning the weapons station gains one point of experience for each weapon that is fired. It doesn't matter whether it hits or misses, or whether it can do damage (e.g. a beam weapon fired at a shield).\n(Multi-shot weapons such as burst lasers still count as a single fire order and hence a single XP.)\nThis can be trained by firing non-lethal weapons (e.g. ones that do ion damage) repeatedly against a target that cannot damage you.\n\n###Shields\nA crew member manning the shields station gains one point of experience for each shield \"bubble\" that is brought back up during combat. It doesn't matter why the shields were down, be that direct enemy fire, ion damage, asteroid strikes, or even manually removing and then restoring power to the shield systems.\nThis can be trained by letting a target that cannot break through all of your shields repeatedly take one layer down. (For fastest results, move your pilot away from the helm, or reduce your engines to 0 power. This will reduce your dodge chance to 0%, ensuring that everything hits your shields.)\nNote that you used to be able to manually remove power and restore it in combat, to get points, but this has been patched.\n\n###Repair\nA crew member gains one point of experience for getting the \"finishing blow\" when repairing a (sub)system. Note that hull breaches provide no repair experience.\nThere's no specific way to train this as it requires your systems to be damaged. Though you can focus the XP gains by always having the same person run around and repair everything after a battle.\n\n###Combat\nA crew member gains one point of experience for getting the finishing blow when fighting an enemy crew member or (sub)system.\nThis generally gets trained in \"real\" situations. However, since XP is gained for taking out systems, a few extra XP can be gained from boarding if one tries to take out the enemy's systems before the crew.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In Adobe Photoshop I am able to select multiple layers at once with Shift+Click.\nHow can I do that in GIMP?", + "input": "", + "output": "It's not possible. The only thing you can do is link layers together or merge them. \nInstead, there are several alternative methods of handling multiple layers, each appropriate to a different task. You can chain layers to move or transform them, shift-click objects on different layers in the canvas to align them, or create a new layer based on all visible layers.\n\nInstructions:\n\n* Chaining Layers:\n 1) Make sure the Layers dialog box is open. If it is not, click on the Windows menu and select \"Dockable Dialogs\" > \"Layers.\" You can also hold down the \"Ctrl\" key and press \"L.\"\n 2) Hover your mouse between the Layer Visibility icon, which looks like an eye, and the layer thumbnail. A raised box will appear. Click this box to activate the chain.\n 3) Repeat this process on all of the other layers you wish to chain together. Once these layers are chained, you can move or apply transformation effects to all of them simultaneously.\n\n* Selecting for Alignment\n 4) Make sure the Toolbox is open. If it is not, click on the Windows menu and select \"Toolbox.\" You can also hold down the \"Ctrl\" key and press \"B.\"\n 5) Click on the Alignment Tool in the Toolbox. It looks like an empty rectangle with arrows pointing away from all sides of it.\n 6) Press and hold the \"Shift\" key while clicking on the layers in the canvas. Or click somewhere off the layers and drag a selection rectangle around them. Once you have selected these layers, you can choose an alignment method.\n\n* Merging Visible Layers\n 7) Make sure the Layers dialog box is open. If it is not, click on the Windows menu and select \"Dockable Dialogs\" > \"Layers.\" You can also hold down the \"Ctrl\" key and press \"L.\"\n 8) Click on the Visibility icon on any layer you do not want to include in your new layer. This will render that layer invisible.\n 9) Click on the Layers menu and select \"New from Visible.\"\n 10) Select the option that best describes how you want the layers to be merged from the dialog box that appears, and click \"Merge.\" This will merge all of the visible layers into a new layer but will not affect your original layers.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In the python built-in open function, what is the exact difference between the modes ```w```, ```a```, ```w+```, ```a+```, and ```r+```?\nIn particular, the documentation implies that all of these will allow writing to the file, and says that it opens the files for \"appending\", \"writing\", and \"updating\" specifically, but does not define what these terms mean.", + "input": "", + "output": "The opening modes are exactly the same as those for the C standard library function ```fopen()```.\n\nThe BSD ```fopen``` manpage defines them as follows:\n\nThe argument mode points to a string beginning with one of the following sequences (Additional characters may follow these sequences.):\n * ``r'' Open text file for reading. The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.\n * ``r+'' Open for reading and writing. The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.\n * ``w'' Truncate file to zero length or create text file for writing. The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.\n * ``w+'' Open for reading and writing. The file is created if it does not exist, otherwise it is truncated. The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.\n * ``a'' Open for writing. The file is created if it does not exist. The stream is positioned at the end of the file. Subsequent writes to the file will always end up at the then current end of file, irrespective of any intervening fseek(3) or similar.\n * ``a+'' Open for reading and writing. The file is created if it does not exist. The stream is positioned at the end of the file. Subse- quent writes to the file will always end up at the then current end of file, irrespective of any intervening fseek(3) or similar.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How can democracy not be the rule of the poor?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are some possible explanations why democracy is not necessarily the rule of the poor:\n\n* Voters voting by habit, not by analysis. Many people vote the same way their parents voted. Other vote exactly the opposite way. Neither involves analysis of their objective economic interest.\n* A middle class believing to be rich, a lower middle class believing to be middle class. In many countries, voters tend to vote in the interest of the class they aspire to be, not in the interest of the class they actually are. Part of that is self-deception about inequality and the own position. That is visible in tax policy, for instance, where the middle class votes against taxes on the upper class.\n* An upper class better able to work the political system than the poor. In some countries, attempts to simplify the access to the political system (e.g. through direct democracy or participatory budgeting) have backfired when it comes to the poor. These mechanisms remain complicated enough that it takes some familiarity with the political system to get anything done. Knowing how to organize a grassroots movement, how to write minutes of a meeting, how to collect signatures for a ballot initiative. So instead of better welfare in poor parts of town, there are better playgrounds in rich parts of town.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How can I write colored text to the Windows console with C++? That is, how can I write different text with different colors?", + "input": "", + "output": "ANSI escape color codes are: 0=black 1=blue 2=green and so on to 15=white; colorattribute = foreground + background * 16. \nTo get red text on yellow use 4 + 14*16 = 228, light red on yellow would be 12 + 14*16 = 236.\n\nHere is an example for coloring text in the Windows console:\n```\n HANDLE hConsole = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);\n // you can loop k higher to see more color choices\n for(int k = 1; k < 255; k++)\n {\n // pick the colorattribute k you want\n SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole, k);\n cout << k << \" I want to be nice today!\" << endl;\n }\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What's the best way to create a temporary file in Android? \nCan File.createTempFile be used? The documentation is very vague about it.\nIn particular, it's not clear when temporary files created with ```File.createTempFile``` are deleted, if ever.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is an example:\n```\nFile outputDir = context.getCacheDir(); // context being the Activity pointer\nFile outputFile = File.createTempFile(\"prefix\", \".extension\", outputDir);\n```\nExplanation:\n1. The `getCacheDir()` method returns the directory on the filesystem where your app can create cache files. \n2. The `createTempFile()` function creates a temporary file in a given directory.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have javascript function like this:\n```function myFunction(number) {\n var x=number;\n ...\n ... more initializations\n //here need to wait until flag==true\n while(flag==false)\n {}\n ...\n ... do something\n}\n```\nThe problem is that the javascript is stuck in the while and stuck my program. so my question is how can I wait in the middle of the function until flag is true without \"busy-wait\"?", + "input": "", + "output": "Because javascript in a browser is single threaded (except for webworkers which aren't involved here) and one thread of javascript execution runs to completion before another can run, your statement:\n```while(flag==false) {}\n```\nwill simply run forever (or until the browser complains about a non-responsive javascript loop), the page will appear to be hung and no other javascript will ever get a chance to run, thus the flag's value can never be changed.\nFor a little more explanation, Javascript is an event driven language. That means that it runs a piece of Javascript until it returns control back to the interpreter. Then, only when it returns back to the interpreter, Javascript gets the next event from the event queue and runs it.\nAll things like timers and network events run through the event queue. So, when a timer fires or a network request arrives, it does not ever \"interrupt\" the currently running Javascript. Instead, an event gets put in the Javascript event queue and then, when the currently running Javascript finishes, the next event is pulled from the event queue and it gets its turn to run.\nSo, when you do an infinite loop such as ```while(flag==false) {}```, the currently running Javascript never finishes and thus the next event is never pulled from the event queue and thus the value of ```flag``` never gets changed. They key here is that Javascript is not interrupt driven. When a timer fires, it does not interrupt the currently running Javascript, run some other Javascript and then let the currently running Javascript continue. It just gets put in the event queue waiting until the currently running Javascript is done to get its turn to run.\n\nWhat you need to do is rethink how your code works and find a different way to trigger whatever code you want to run when the ```flag``` value changes. Javascript is designed as an event-driven language. So, what you need to do is figure out what events you can register an interest in so you can either listen for the event that might cause the flag to change and you can examine the flag on that event or you can trigger your own event from whatever code might change the flag or you can implement a callback function that whatever code changes that flag can call your callback whenever the piece of code responsible for changing the flag value would change it's value to ```true```, it just calls the callback function and thus your code that wants to run when the flag gets set to ```true``` will get to run at the right time. This is much, much more efficient than trying to use some sort of timer to constantly check the flag value.\n```function codeThatMightChangeFlag(callback) {\n // do a bunch of stuff\n if (condition happens to change flag value) {\n // call the callback to notify other code\n callback();\n }\n}\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "According to this famous blog post, the effective transcript length is:\n$\\tilde{l}_i = l_i - \\mu$\nwhere $l_i$ is the length of transcript and $\\mu$ is the average fragment length. However, typically fragment length is about 300bp. What if when the transcript $l_i$ is smaller than 300? How do you compute the effective length in this case?\nA related question: when computing the FPKM of a gene, how to choose a transcript? Do we choose a \"canonical\" transcript (how?) or combine the signals from all transcripts to a gene-level FPKM?", + "input": "", + "output": "The effective length is $\\tilde{l}_i = l_i - \\mu + 1$ (note the R code at the bottom of Harold's blog post), which in the case of $\\mu \n\nRegarding choosing a particular transcript, ideally one would use a method like salmon or kallisto (or RSEM if you have time to kill). Otherwise, your options are (A) choose the major isoform (if it's known in your tissue and condition) or (B) use a \"union gene model\" (sum the non-redundant exon lengths) or (C) take the median transcript length. None of those three options make much of a difference if you're comparing between samples, though they're all inferior to a salmon/kallisto/etc. metric.\n\nWhy are salmon et al. better methods? They don't use arbitrary metrics that will be the same across samples to determine the feature length. Instead, they use expectation maximization (or similarish, since at least salmon doesn't actually use EM) to quantify individual isoform usage. The effective gene length in a sample is then the average of the transcript lengths after weighting for their relative expression (yes, one should remove $\\mu$ in there). This can then vary between samples, which is quite useful if you have isoform switching between samples/groups in such a way that methods A-C above would miss (think of cases where the switch is to a smaller transcript with higher coverage over it...resulting in the coverage/length in methods A-C to be tamped down).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the significance of 1/1/1753 in SQL Server?", + "input": "", + "output": "The decision to use 1st January 1753 (```1753-01-01```) as the minimum date value for a datetime in SQL Server goes back to its Sybase origins.\nThe significance of the date itself though can be attributed to this man.\n\nPhilip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield. Who steered the Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 through the British Parliament. This legislated for the adoption of the Gregorian calendar for Britain and its then colonies. \n\nThere were some missing days (internet archive link) in the British calendar in 1752 when the adjustment was finally made from the Julian calendar. September 3, 1752 to September 13, 1752 were lost.\nKalen Delaney explained the choice this way\n\n> So, with 12 days lost, how can you compute dates? For example, how can you compute the number of days between October 12, 1492, and July 4, 1776? Do you include those missing 12 days? To avoid having to solve this problem, the original Sybase SQL Server developers decided not to allow dates before 1753. You can store earlier dates by using character fields, but you can't use any datetime functions with the earlier dates that you store in character fields.\n\nThe choice of 1753 does seem somewhat anglocentric however as many catholic countries in Europe had been using the calendar for 170 years before the British implementation (originally delayed due to opposition by the church). Conversely many countries did not reform their calendars until much later, 1918 in Russia. Indeed the October Revolution of 1917 started on 7 November under the Gregorian calendar.\nBoth ```datetime``` and the new ```datetime2``` datatype mentioned in Joe's answer do not attempt to account for these local differences and simply use the Gregorian Calendar.\nSo with the greater range of ```datetime2```\n```SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR, DATEADD(DAY,-5,CAST('1752-09-13' AS DATETIME2)),100)\n```\nReturns\n```Sep 8 1752 12:00AM\n```\nOne final point with the ```datetime2``` data type is that it uses the proleptic Gregorian calendar projected backwards to well before it was actually invented so is of limited use in dealing with historic dates.\nThis contrasts with other Software implementations such as the Java Gregorian Calendar class which defaults to following the Julian Calendar for dates until October 4, 1582 then jumping to October 15, 1582 in the new Gregorian calendar. It correctly handles the Julian model of leap year before that date and the Gregorian model after that date. The cutover date may be changed by the caller by calling ```setGregorianChange()```. \nA fairly entertaining article discussing some more peculiarities with the adoption of the calendar can be found here.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I saw this video where someone says that electromagnetic wave is a chain reaction of electric and magnetic fields creating each other so the chain of wave moves forward.\nI wonder where the photon is in this explanation. What is the relation between electromagnetic wave and photon?", + "input": "", + "output": "Both the wave theory of light and the particle theory of light are approximations to a deeper theory called Quantum Electrodynamics (QED for short). Light is not a wave nor a particle but instead it is an excitation in a quantum field.\n\nQED is a complicated theory, so while it is possible to do calculations directly in QED we often find it simpler to use an approximation. The wave theory of light is often a good approximation when we are looking at how light propagates, and the particle theory of light is often a good approximation when we are looking at how light interacts i.e. exchanges energy with something else.\n\nSo it isn't really possible to answer the question where the photon is in this explanation. In general if you're looking at a system, like the one in the video, where the wave theory is a good description of light you'll find the photon theory to be a poor description of light, and vice versa. The two ways of looking at light are complementary.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In The Light Fantastic, after talking about the dimensions of the Pyramid of Tsort, it says \n\n All in all, it was a lot of effort to go through just to sharpen a razor.\n\nWhat's the joke here?", + "input": "", + "output": "In the real world, there is or was a belief, brought on by the Egyptomania of the early 20th century, that pyramids had special powers—including, specifically, the power to sharpen or maintain the sharpness of razor blades.\n\n Pyramid power refers to the belief that the ancient Egyptian pyramids and objects of similar shape can confer a variety of benefits. Among these assumed properties are the ability to preserve foods, sharpen or maintain the sharpness of razor blades, improve health, function \"as a thought-form incubator\", trigger sexual urges, and cause other effects. Such unverified theories regarding pyramids are collectively known as pyramidology.\n\nCzechoslovakian Karel Drbal even patented a pyramid-shaped device specifically designed for razor blades. Among the specifications: \n\n It is beneficial to leave a new blade in the pyramid one to two weeks before using it. It is essential to place it there immediately after the first shave, and not the old, dull one. But it is possible to use an old one, if it is properly resharpened. The blade placed using the method above is left unobstructed until the next shave. The west edge should always face west. It improves the sharpening effect.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "After a ```git pull origin master```, I get the following message:\n\nwarning: Pulling without specifying how to reconcile divergent branches is\ndiscouraged. You can squelch this message by running one of the following\ncommands sometime before your next pull:\n git config pull.rebase false # merge (the default strategy)\n git config pull.rebase true # rebase\n git config pull.ff only # fast-forward only\nYou can replace "git config" with "git config --global" to set a default\npreference for all repositories. You can also pass --rebase, --no-rebase,\nor --ff-only on the command line to override the configured default per\ninvocation.\nremote: Enumerating objects: 4, done.\nremote: Counting objects: 100% (4/4), done.\nremote: Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.\nremote: Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0\nUnpacking objects: 100% (4/4), 51.49 KiB | 850.00 KiB/s, done.\n\nThe pull seems successful, but I am unsure.\nWhat can I do to fix this?", + "input": "", + "output": "This is a new warning added in Git 2.27:\n\n* \"git pull\" issues a warning message until the pull.rebase configuration variable is explicitly given, which some existing users may find annoying---those who prefer not to rebase need to set the variable to false to squelch the warning.\n\nTo remove the warning, set one of the suggested values to your preferred default behaviour for git pull if you don't specify behaviour on the command line (using --ff, --no-ff, --ff-only, --rebase). In all cases, git will attempt a fast-forward merge if possible. The settings control what happens when there are changes in your branch but not present in the remote branch.\n\n```\n git config pull.rebase false # merge (the default strategy)\n```\nThis is the existing default behaviour; set this for no warning, and no change in behaviour; git will merge the remote branch into your local one.\n```\ngit config pull.rebase true # rebase\n```\n\nHere, git will attempt to rebase your changes on top of the remote branch. \n```\ngit config pull.ff only # fast-forward only\n```\nIf a fast-forward merge is not possible, git will refuse to proceed.\n> Refuse to merge and exit with a non-zero status unless the current HEAD is already up-to-date or the merge can be resolved as a fast-forward", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In India, we eat rice using our fingers. Generally in the West, a fork or spoon is used. I have tried eating rice with spoon but I don't feel satisfied with it.\nWe eat dry rice but we mix curry and vegetables with it and then eat it with our hands.\nIs there a way to eat rice with your hands in front of Westerners such that it doesn't appear to be disgusting to them? By disgusting I mean that they shouldn't feel like vomiting or looking away to avoid me. Even though in India we eat with our fingers, many people eat such that their whole palm is covered with food. That indeed looks disgusting. \nI cannot avoid hurting them by following different etiquette, but I certainly want to maintain a degree of cleanliness.", + "input": "", + "output": "First and foremost, you can eat the way you want. When it comes to western culture, the only thing that is generally disliked are noises, eating with the mouth wide open (included speaking with full mouth), and (excessively) dirtying the table. Eating rice with hands will be seen (mostly) as strange, not disgusting.\n\nSecond, context. Are you eating at a formal dinner with your colleagues and a client? Eat with the fork, as everybody else. Are you eating at the work's canteen? Eat the way you prefer and let other deal with their limits. And so on.\n\nThird, respect and open mindness: you are worried other peoples find you disgusting for eating rice with hands, but at the same time you show the same \"closed mind\" (in a way, ok? I'm not trying to offend you) in wanting to eat rice with hands at all cost otherwise you will not feel satisfied; believe me, eating with a fork will not starve you as will not change food nutritional content.\n\nEven more if you are eating at a foreign restaurant, e.g. at an italian restaurant rice is cooked and thought to be eatean with a fork. Respect local culture, open yourself to a new experience, and try to learn a different way to enjoy food.\n\nIn the end: feel free to do whatever fit you most, don't be afraid of other people judging you (their fault), but at the same time don't close yourself in your garden (your fault).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "The typical argument goes like this:\n\n Without net neutrality, cable companies could censor websites, favoring their own business partners. \n\nTypically, proponents of legislation point to some perceived injustice, and argue that new laws are needed to address it. But the very use of the subjunctive in the quotation (could censor), suggests that this might be considered by its opponents as a solution in search of a problem. If so, why haven't they used that rhetorical tactic? Conversely, if such incidents have occurred, why don't the neutrality supporters cite them?", + "input": "", + "output": "There have been a few examples, in part, these examples have pushed this more into the spotlight. It's often under the term 'traffic shaping' if you are interested, here is Sandvine, a company that offers those shaping services. If you are interested in the peer2peer domain (which is heavily bringing this issue to the forefront) here is a national list of ISP's and their throttling practices on bit torrent users: Curious if this documented list counts as citing.\nFor the US:\nVerizon has run testing on it. \n\n “YouTube is being throttled to 10Mbps as well,” one person wrote on Thursday. “In the ‘stats for nerds,’ it would load at roughly 1,250KBps which translates to 10Mbps. Put the VPN on and that number tripled easily. Didn’t have an issue playing 1080p in 60fps, though.”\n\n(part of the problem with throttling is if you know your way around it, there isn't an issue. Tax on the non-tech savvy).\nVerizon stated they were not throttling, however, articles suggest they did and still are. Here is an article stating Verizon is actively throttling video connections over their network. Over to Comcast who has been engaging in this practice but not admitting it until much more recently:\n\n* When Comcast throttled BitTorrent users, they had a lawsuit brought against them that won.\n* Sprint: They deny they do, though it's apparent they can. User backlash results in people monitoring if they are being throttled. Of course, there are several accusations.\n* Bell and Rogers in Canada. \n\nTelus has also blocked union sites and have engaged in some pretty underhanded anti-union tactics. Not sure if blocking sites fall under net neutrality though.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Does having a longer Ethernet cable slow your connection?", + "input": "", + "output": "For all practical purposes, there will be no effect on the speed of your connection.\n\nThere will be a very insignificant amount of delay due to long cables. This won't affect the maximum speed of your connection, but it would cause some latency. pjc50 points out that it's about a nanosecond for every foot of cable length, which is a good rule of thumb used by many engineers when developing systems which are very dependent on latencies on those timescales.\n\nIn reality, you will never notice a difference. A \"fast\" ping time on the Internet is 10 ms, which is 10,000,000 ns. Adding even a few hundred feet of cable isn't going to have a noticeable effect at that point. In fact, nearly every step of the way involves delays which are more extreme than those seen from signal propagation. For example, most consumer grade routers will wait for the last byte of an incoming packet to be received and check it for errors before sending the first byte of the packet on its way. This delay will be on the order of 5,000 ns! Given that the maximum length of cable you can run (per the Ethernet spec) is 300 ft, the cable length could never cause more than 300 ns of delay due to the cable!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Border around formatted text in Inkscape", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is solution step by step:\n\n* Create some flowed text by using the text tool to first drag a rectangle and then type.\n* Separately, create a rectangle roughly around the text (really, the rectangle can be anywhere)\n* With the rectangle selected, chose \"Path\" > \"Linked Offset\". Then grab the small diamond and drag it in to make a second, smaller rectangle. \n* Select the text and the smaller rectangle and choose \"Text\" > \"Flow into frame\". Then select the smaller rectangle and remove the stroke to make it invisible. Now the text will flow within the smaller (invisible) rectangle, which is dynamically linked to the shape of the larger (visible) rectangle. \n* Then, if you like, you can add a small border radius on the visible rectangle and you get this nice looking result. \n* If you do need to modify the space between the text and the rectangle, you can carefully select it by grabbing it with the text and the subtracting the text from the selection, or you can drill down to it within the XML Editor. When you do get it selected, then you can adjust the margin.\n* Finally, group the text and the two rectangles, and you're all set! ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I learned about the equilibrium constant. Now, I've seen that the equilibrium constant of burning is extremely small $(K \\ll 1)$. here, I have a question. you see, $K$ is still NOT 0, which means that the forward reactions happen at least a tiny bit. Then, shouldn't we see some parts of anything burning at least a little bit?", + "input": "", + "output": "The equilibrium constant for combustion of organic matter in air with oxygen is not small, but extremely large ($K_\\mathrm{eq} \\gg 1$), as is expected from a reaction that is simultaneously very exothermic and (usually) increases entropy due to the formation of more gaseous molecules than the input oxygen.\n\nThe major reason carbon-based life can exist at ambient temperature in an oxygen atmosphere is purely kinetic, not thermodynamic. You, the tree outside and everything else made of carbon is right now undergoing continuous combustion. However, in the absence of catalyst, this process is too slow below a couple hundred degrees Celsius for it to be self-sustaining. More technically, combustion of organic matter is a highly exergonic process, but the activation energy is high. The meagre amount of heat generated by the handful of molecules reacting is too quickly diluted into the surroundings, and the reaction does not accelerate and spiral out of control (a fire, as described by the eternal Feynman).\n\nVery luckily for us, Life figured out this vast untapped source of chemical energy held back by kinetics approximately three billion years ago and developed a whole metabolic process to extract this energy in a stepwise fashion using catalysis, which we call aerobic respiration. Without it, multicellular organisms could well never had evolved.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "The name \"Bleach\" seems to be having no relevance to the plot unlike most other series. Was it just chosen at Kubo-sensei's whim or does it have some significance? Maybe some cultural significance associated with shinigami, etc. that I am now aware of?", + "input": "", + "output": "Kubo himself has commented on this. Below is the quote from Bleach Answers Wiki:\n\n> The title wasn't Bleach when Tite Kubo decided to draw a story about Shinigami. This was before he drew the one-shot manga that appeared in Akamaru Jump. The weapon wasn't a sword, but a scythe. Only Rukia had a scythe and the other characters used guns. At that point, the title was Snipe (as in \"Sniper\"). Right before he started drawing, he began to think that a sword would be better and realized he couldn't use Snipe as a title anymore. He began looking for a title that grasped the bigger picture. Shinigami are associated with the color black, but it would have been boring to use \"black\". \"White\", on the other hand, can suggest black as a complementary color. So Tite Kubo chose \"Bleach\" to evoke the impression of the color white.\n\nThere are also other theories, which aren't as well supported by interviews with Kubo but still seem to have some evidence supporting them. One is that shinigami \"cleanse\" souls, similar to what bleach does (Kubo himself mentioned this in an interview, but it's not clear whether he noticed this before or after deciding on the name). Another is that Kubo is a fan of the band Nirvana, and their first album is Bleach. So there might be more than one reason, but the quoted one above is the one he usually gives when asked about it.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why don't rally cars have airbags?", + "input": "", + "output": "If you are ever lucky enough to drive a competition car, the first thing that will strike you is that you can't move. Once you're in your bucket seat with your fire retardant overalls on, wearing a full face helmet and neck brace and strapped firmly in with your multipoint harness, you'll feel like you've been pinned to the seat.\n\nYou can't look over your shoulder like you can in a road car. You can't reach the location where the glove-box is. In the event of a collision, the chances of your helmet coming into contact with the steering wheel are absolutely minimal.\n\nHowever, if you watch rally cars in action, especially on gravel, you'll see them yumping (rally speak of hitting a jump), you'll see them in and out of ditches, ruts and rivers. Many of the impacts a rally car suffers during normal use would far exceed the trigger points to deploy a standard air-bag. Deployment of such a device when landing an airborne car that's travelling in excess of 120mph (200km/h) with spectator lined roads could have deadly consequences.\n\nSimilarly, in racing when there are multiple cars jostling for position on the same piece of track, deployment would be likely from all the \"door handling\" (a term to describe \"acceptable\" contact between race cars) and if one in the middle of a pack were to deploy, forcing the drivers hands away from the wheel, it would likely cause carnage.\n\nIn summary, air bags are not fitted to competition cars because they could pose a serious and significant risk to both the occupants of the cars and people outside such as other competitors, marshals and spectators.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Was the Millennium Falcon a one-off or was it mass produced?", + "input": "", + "output": "The Millennium Falcon is not unique; it was a model YT-1300f Corellian light freighter. This implies that there are other similar ships, including other variations on the YT-1300 model.\n\nYou can find a lot of information about the Millennium Falcon in a companion book, Star Wars: The Force Awakens: Incredible Cross-Sections. The model number also appears on-screen at least once: in Star Wars: Rebels episode "Fighter Flight" on a poster.\n\nNote, however, that the Millennium Falcon has been highly customized; some of the custom work is mentioned in The Force Awakens. It's not clear just how much of the ship is stock and how much is custom.\n\nIf you're willing to go outside Canon into Legends, the model number of the ship, and other similar Corellian light freighters, can be seen in some of the video games, and there is an entire novel called Millennium Falcon that details its history. The ship was serial #YT-1300 492727ZED, one of many such vessels, but from the beginning the ship was shown to have some "quirks" to distinguish it from its counterparts.\n\nIn Legends, the ship was also destroyed and rebuilt from scratch at least once, so it's arguable as to whether it's still the same ship or not.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Usually when I see lists of things to do to be more energy efficient, they require one to own their own home. What can I do to be more energy efficient in an apartment? \nFor example, I can't install solar panels, I can't upgrade/change my appliances, I can't install better insulation or windows, and I can't install a programmable thermostat. \nPretty much the only thing I can do (and have done) is switch all of my bulbs to CFLs. I also keep all of my electronics on power strips which I turn off when I leave my apartment and when I'm sleeping.", + "input": "", + "output": "There are a lot of little things you can do that can add up. Here are some suggestions:\n\n* Wash clothes in cold water only.\n* Turn your freezer/refrigerator up a few degrees.\n* Purchase insulated curtains/shades, and close them during the day when you are at work. \n* Make sure your furniture is arranged so that it is not blocking any vents or radiators.\n* Purchase a draft guard to place at the bottom of your door leading to the outside where temperature-controlled air can escape from your apartment.\n* Install a low flow shower water head. Shower head screw on/off easily. Keep the old head to replace when/if you move.\n* Clean Your Refrigerator: It's unlikely that you'll purchase new energy efficient appliances for your rental, but you can tweak the ones you already have. For example, by cleaning the coils on the back of your fridge you'll help one of the biggest energy hogging appliances run more efficiently.\n* Use Energy Efficient Bulbs, even if you're put off by the slightly higher upfront cost, you can simply unscrew them and take them with you when it's time to move.\n* Use Power Strips: A lot of energy is wasted through electronics left plugged in, and the resulting vampire energy. Put a stop to it by using one of a number of cool, smart energy strips, which will turn off vampire energy when the electronics are not in use.\n* Use a Humidifier & Lower Your Heat: Keeping humidity levels up during the winter is not only good for your health, but also for your air and furniture. It also helps keep the ambient air temperature feeling warmer than dry air, which means you can turn your thermostat down. If your HVAC system doesn't have a humidifier built-in, then you can get an inexpensive and portable humidifier to use during dry conditions.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is there any way to exit ```less``` without clearing the screen?", + "input": "", + "output": "This is actually a function of the terminal emulator you are using (xterm, gnome-terminal, konsole, screen). An alternate screen, or altscreen, gets launched when programs such as ```less``` or ```vim``` are invoked. This altscreen has no history buffer and exits immediately when you quit the program, switching back to the original screen which restores the previous window content history and placement. \n\nYou can prevent ```less``` from launch in an altscreen by passing the argument \"-X\". \n```less -X /path/to/some/file```\n\nYou can also pass \"-X\" as an environment variable. So if you are using ```bash```, place this in ```~/.bashrc```:\n```export LESS=\"-X\"\n```\nHowever, this disbles the termcap (terminal capability) initialization and deinitialization, so other views when you use ```less``` may appear off.\n\nAnother option would be to use ```screen``` and set the option ```altscreen off``` in your ```~/.screenrc```. ```less``` will not clear the screen and should preserve color formatting. Presumably ```tmux``` will have the same option.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How can I do 'insert if not exists' in MySQL?", + "input": "", + "output": "In MySQL, ```ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE``` or ```INSERT IGNORE INTO table``` can be viable solutions.\n\n* An example of ```ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE``` update based on mysql.com:\n\n```\nINSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3)\n ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=c+1;\n\nUPDATE table SET c=c+1 WHERE a=1;\n```\n\n* An example of INSERT IGNORE based on mysql.com:\n\n```\nINSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]\n [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]\n {VALUES | VALUE} ({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),...\n [ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE\n col_name=expr\n [, col_name=expr] ... ]\n```\n\nOr:\n```\nINSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]\n [INTO] tbl_name\n SET col_name={expr | DEFAULT}, ...\n [ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE\n col_name=expr\n [, col_name=expr] ... ]\n```\n\nOr:\n```\nINSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]\n [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]\n SELECT ...\n [ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE\n col_name=expr\n [, col_name=expr] ... ]\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What does ```class``` do in Ruby?", + "input": "", + "output": "First, the ```class``` syntax opens up ```foo```'s singleton class (eigenclass). This allows you to specialise the behaviour of methods called on that specific object.\n```a = 'foo'\nclass << a\n def inspect\n '\"bar\"'\n end\nend\na.inspect # => \"bar\"\na = 'foo' # new object, new singleton class\na.inspect # => \"foo\"\n```\n\nNow, to answer the question: ```class``` opens up ```self```'s singleton class, so that methods can be redefined for the current ```self``` object (which inside a class or module body is the class or module itself). Usually, this is used to define class/module (\"static\") methods:\n```class String\n class << self\n def value_of obj\n obj.to_s\n end\n end\nend\nString.value_of 42 # => \"42\"\n```\nThis can also be written as a shorthand:\n```class String\n def self.value_of obj\n obj.to_s\n end\nend\n```\nOr even shorter:\n```def String.value_of obj\n obj.to_s\nend\n```\n\nWhen inside a function definition, ```self``` refers to the object the function is being called with. In this case, ```class``` opens the singleton class for that object; one use of that is to implement a poor man's state machine:\n```class StateMachineExample\n def process obj\n process_hook obj\n end\nprivate\n def process_state_1 obj\n # ...\n class << self\n alias process_hook process_state_2\n end\n end\n def process_state_2 obj\n # ...\n class << self\n alias process_hook process_state_1\n end\n end\n # Set up initial state\n alias process_hook process_state_1\nend\n```\nSo, in the example above, each instance of ```StateMachineExample``` has ```process_hook``` aliased to ```process_state_1```, but note how in the latter, it can redefine ```process_hook``` (for ```self``` only, not affecting other ```StateMachineExample``` instances) to ```process_state_2```. So, each time a caller calls the ```process``` method (which calls the redefinable ```process_hook```), the behaviour changes depending on what state it's in.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "\"I have a problem where i'm initialising a variable on the scope in a controller. Then it gets changed in another controller when a user logs in. This variable is used to control things such as the navigation bar and restricts access to parts of the site depending on the type of user, so its important that it holds its value. The problem with it is that the controller that initialises it, gets called again by angular some how and then resets the variable back to its initial value. \nI assume this is not the correct way of declaring and initialising global variables, well its not really global, so my question is what is the correct way and is there any good examples around that work with the current version of angular?\"", + "input": "", + "output": "You've got basically 2 options for \"global\" variables:\n* use a ```$rootScope```\n* use a service\n\n```$rootScope``` is a parent of all scopes so values exposed there will be visible in all templates and controllers. Using the ```$rootScope``` is very easy as you can simply inject it into any controller and change values in this scope. It might be convenient but has all the problems of global variables.\n\nServices are singletons that you can inject to any controller and expose their values in a controller's scope. Services, being singletons are still 'global' but you've got far better control over where those are used and exposed.\n\nUsing services is a bit more complex, but not that much, here is an example:\n```\nvar myApp = angular.module('myApp',[]);\nmyApp.factory('UserService', function() {\n return {\n name : 'anonymous'\n };\n});\n```\nand then in a controller:\n```\nfunction MyCtrl($scope, UserService) {\n $scope.name = UserService.name;\n}\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How do I initialize a TypeScript Object with a JSON-Object?", + "input": "", + "output": "This question is quite broad, here are two solutions.\n\n### Solution 1: Helper Method\nHere's an example of using a Helper Method that you could change to fit your needs:\n```class SerializationHelper {\n static toInstance(obj: T, json: string) : T {\n var jsonObj = JSON.parse(json);\n if (typeof obj[\"fromJSON\"] === \"function\") {\n obj[\"fromJSON\"](jsonObj);\n }\n else {\n for (var propName in jsonObj) {\n obj[propName] = jsonObj[propName]\n }\n }\n return obj;\n }\n}\n```\nThen use it:\n```var json = '{\"name\": \"John Doe\"}',\n foo = SerializationHelper.toInstance(new Foo(), json);\nfoo.GetName() === \"John Doe\";\n```\n\n* Advanced Deserialization\nThis could also allow for some custom deserialization by adding your own ```fromJSON``` method to the class (this works well with how ```JSON.stringify``` already uses the ```toJSON``` method, as shown below):\n```interface IFooSerialized {\n nameSomethingElse: string;\n}\nclass Foo {\n name: string;\n GetName(): string { return this.name }\n toJSON(): IFooSerialized {\n return {\n nameSomethingElse: this.name\n };\n }\n fromJSON(obj: IFooSerialized) {\n this.name = obj.nameSomethingElse;\n }\n}\n```\nThen use it:\n```var foo1 = new Foo();\nfoo1.name = \"John Doe\";\nvar json = JSON.stringify(foo1);\njson === '{\"nameSomethingElse\":\"John Doe\"}';\nvar foo2 = SerializationHelper.toInstance(new Foo(), json);\nfoo2.GetName() === \"John Doe\";\n```\n\n### Solution 2: Base Class\nAnother way you could do this is by creating your own base class:\n```class Serializable {\n fillFromJSON(json: string) {\n var jsonObj = JSON.parse(json);\n for (var propName in jsonObj) {\n this[propName] = jsonObj[propName]\n }\n }\n}\nclass Foo extends Serializable {\n name: string;\n GetName(): string { return this.name }\n}\n```\nThen use it:\n```var foo = new Foo();\nfoo.fillFromJSON(json);\n```\n\nThere are too many different ways to implement a custom deserialization using a base class, and ultimately it depends on how your own choice.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why is digital photography so expensive?", + "input": "", + "output": "Digital photography is not expensive but buying into it is.\n\nWith film photography camera and lenses were a moderate investment but these lasted quite long. Even a battery in a film camera would last several years. Cameras and lenses were mechanical and much simpler than today's models. This made them require less expertise to manufacture and also made them incredibly sturdy. A lifespan of a decade for a camera and several decades for lenses was not uncommon.\n\nHowever, the real cost of film photography is film and development. Each roll of film costs several dollars and gives up to 36 images. Specialized rolls were more expensive and had fewer exposures. Then, if you did not do development yourself, you had to pay for development. Also prints. Even if you did your own, chemicals and papers were recurring costs. And there was the added expensive of creating a wet darkroom. In the end, the hobby was quite costly.\n\nWith digital photography, you pay nearly all costs up-front and it comes out much cheaper for anyone who is into the art and shoots regularly. A mid-range DSLR with good lens and memory can easily be obtained for less than $2500. Many entry level ones exist for under $1000. If you were to shoot 10,000 frames before both your camera and lens dies, it would cost you between 2.5¢ to 10¢ per frame. It is far far less than even just the film for each frame. Still most cameras have shutters rated to at least 100,000 frames and lenses last much longer than cameras. Even if you only captured 1000 images, you would have a better deal than with film photography. All digital cameras come with rechargeable batteries, good for 500-1000 shots-per-charge (for DSLRs) and can be charged at least 50-100 times before needing to be replaced. That means you actually will not use up the battery before you have taken full advantage of the better value of digital photography.\n\nMarket conditions are forcing the price of digital photography to increase. The loss of market share of compact and ultra-compact digital cameras to cellphones forced manufacturers to discontinue such products and concentrate on higher-end offering. While the number of unit sales of digital cameras has been declining, the average price is going up to compensate for reduced revenue. This trend is expected to continue for a while.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "If user input is inserted without modification into an SQL query, then the application becomes vulnerable to SQL injection, like in the following example:\n```$unsafe_variable = $_POST['user_input'];\nmysql_query(\"INSERT INTO `table` (`column`) VALUES ('$unsafe_variable')\");\n```\nThat's because the user can input something like ```value'); DROP TABLE table;--```, and the query becomes:\n```INSERT INTO `table` (`column`) VALUES('value'); DROP TABLE table;--')\n```\nWhat can be done to prevent this from happening?", + "input": "", + "output": "The correct way to avoid SQL injection attacks, no matter which database you use, is to separate the data from SQL, so that data stays data and will never be interpreted as commands by the SQL parser. It is possible to create an SQL statement with correctly formatted data parts, but if you don't fully understand the details, you should always use prepared statements and parameterized queries. These are SQL statements that are sent to and parsed by the database server separately from any parameters. This way it is impossible for an attacker to inject malicious SQL.\n\nYou basically have two options to achieve this:\n\n1. Using PDO (for any supported database driver):\n```\n$stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name = :name');\n$stmt->execute([ 'name' => $name ]);\n\nforeach ($stmt as $row) {\n // Do something with $row\n}\n```\n\n2. Using MySQLi (for MySQL):\nSince PHP 8.2+ we can make use of execute_query() which prepares, binds parameters, and executes SQL statement in one method:\n```\n$result = $dbConnection->execute_query('SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name = ?', [$name]);\n\nwhile ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {\n // Do something with $row\n}\n```\n\nUp to PHP8.1:\n```\n$stmt = $dbConnection->prepare('SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name = ?');\n$stmt->bind_param('s', $name); // 's' specifies the variable type => 'string'\n$stmt->execute();\n\n$result = $stmt->get_result();\nwhile ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {\n // Do something with $row\n}\n```\nIf you're connecting to a database other than MySQL, there is a driver-specific second option that you can refer to (for example, pg_prepare() and pg_execute() for PostgreSQL). PDO is the universal option.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I want to be able to output the current loop iteration to my template.\nAccording to the docs, there is a ```loop.counter``` variable that I am trying to use:\n```\n{% for user in userlist %}\n * \n {{ user }} {{loop.counter}}\n \n {% if loop.counter == 1 %}\n This is the First user\n {% endif %}\n{% endfor %}\n\n```\nBut is being outputed to my template. What is the correct syntax?", + "input": "", + "output": "The counter variable inside the loop is called loop.index in Jinja2.\n\n```\n>>> from jinja2 import Template\n\n>>> s = \"{% for element in elements %}{{loop.index}} {% endfor %}\"\n>>> Template(s).render(elements=[\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"])\n1 2 3 4\n```\n\nIn addition to `loop.index`, there is also\n\n* `loop.index0` (index starting at `0`)\n* `loop.revindex` (reverse index; ending at `1`)\n* `loop.revindex0` (reverse index; ending at `0`)\netc.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Are the players on the same team as the DM?", + "input": "", + "output": "The GM isn't on a team, they’re the referee.\nThe way Pathfinder, D&D, and similar games work is that there are one or more player characters (the \"party\") that are controlled by the players.\nThe GM (DM, in D&D) usually doesn't run a player character (PC), but they are responsible for representing all aspects of the world, all the non-player characters (NPCs) and monsters and stuff, and adjudicating the rules.\nSo the GM may be controlling a character or creature that is friendly to the PCs, or a character or creature that is hostile to the PCs, or both at once! The GM is the orcs you fight and the friendly cleric that heals you and the rain that falls on you.\n\nGMs aren't supposed to be hostile to you in general; they are generally taught to give the players a fun challenge. It's no good to be \"against\" the players, because you can always kill PCs just by saying \"rocks fall, everyone dies!\" The GM is on your team inasmuch as they want everyone to have fun. Because their role is running monsters and the other stuff that you fight, they are often in opposition to you tactically, as they are responsible for the \"other team\" as part of their job. Some new GMs do get confused by this and decide it's them against the party, but that ends up being a problem that has to be solved by them wising up or their players leaving. \n\nThe context of your question isn't clear, so I'll add a note that might be relevant - some GMs, especially new ones, do run a PC of their own that's part of the party, these are referred to as GMPCs (or DMPCs). This is generally frowned upon because of the conflict of interest inherent in doing it, but it happens. That GMPC may be on your side, on your side most of the time, betray you, have other plans - just like any other person in the game world might. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "C++ vs. The Arduino Language?", + "input": "", + "output": "If you have previous programming experience and you are aware of concepts as OOP, it is better to go for C/C++. The arduino language is really great for beginners, but have some limitations (e.g. you must have all your files in the same folder). And it is basically a simplification of C/C++ (you can practically copy&paste arduino code to a C/C++ file, and it will work). Also it makes sense that you can go and use a full well known IDE such as Eclipse.\n\nInitially it is required a bit more of setup and configuration of your dev environment, but IMHO it is worth it for programmers with experience in any other language.\n\nIn any case, it won't harm you to start using the arduino language and the arduino IDE for a few days to get familiar with the arduino hardware and then move to C/C++ with Eclipse for really developing your project.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How can I adapt Ubuntu to a high resolution display?\nI have a display with 3200x1600px on only 11'' and everything looks really tiny.", + "input": "", + "output": "There are some steps to take:\n1. System wide Menu and titlebar scaling\nStarting with Ubuntu 14.04 we have an option that helps a bit:\nScaling Support\nopen the System Settings (here in english:)\n```LANG=c unity-control-center\n```\nGo to \"Displays\" and set the \"Scale for menu and title bars\".\n\nSince Ubuntu 17.10 the scaling can be set in \n```LANG=c gnome-control-center\n```\nGo to ```Settings > Devices > Displays``` there\nsee also: How to find and change the screen DPI?\n\n2. Universal Access\nGo to \"Universal Access\" (```unity-control-center universal-access```) and select \"Large Text\".\nNote: not all applications handle this correctly, some will not reserve the extra space, so some UI elements are not accessible with this option!\n\n3.Increase unity dock size\nIn ```unity-control-center```->```Appearance```->```Look``` at the botom, you can adjust the size.\n\n4. Adapt Firefox\nsee: Adjust Firefox and Thunderbird to a High DPI touchscreen display (retina)\n(or use Chrome, which works fine since Version 41.0.2272.76 Ubuntu 14.10, though Chrome will need to be restarted to take effect)\n\n5. Increase font in Pidgin\nThere is a plugin you can install:\n```sudo apt-get install pidgin-extprefs\n```\nThen you can increase the font in Plugins->Extended Prefs\n\n6. Create starter for applications that still don't scale\nSome applications still don't obey the global scaling (mainly java) for those few applications you can create a starter to only Fix scaling of java-based applications for a high DPI screen\n\nNote: In older Ubuntu versions, with unity-tweak-util in the section \"Fonts\" you can set the \"Text Scaling Factor\" to 2.0. This will scale the fonts in most applications to double size. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Say I want to make a file:\n```filename = "/foo/bar/baz.txt"\nwith open(filename, "w") as f:\n f.write("FOOBAR")\n```\nThis gives an ```IOError```, since ```/foo/bar``` does not exist.\nWhat is the most pythonic way to generate those directories automatically? Is it necessary for me explicitly call ```os.path.exists``` and ```os.mkdir``` on every single one (i.e., /foo, then /foo/bar)?", + "input": "", + "output": "In Python 3.2+, using the APIs requested by the OP, you can elegantly do the following:\n```\nimport os\nfilename = "/foo/bar/baz.txt"\nos.makedirs(os.path.dirname(filename), exist_ok=True)\nwith open(filename, "w") as f:\n f.write("FOOBAR")\n```\n\nWith the Pathlib module (introduced in Python 3.4), there is an alternate syntax (thanks David258):\n```from pathlib import Path\noutput_file = Path("/foo/bar/baz.txt")\noutput_file.parent.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)\noutput_file.write_text("FOOBAR")\n```\n\nIn older python, there is a less elegant way:\nThe ```os.makedirs``` function does this. Try the following:\n```import os\nimport errno\nfilename = "/foo/bar/baz.txt"\nif not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(filename)):\n try:\n os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(filename))\n except OSError as exc: # Guard against race condition\n if exc.errno != errno.EEXIST:\n raise\nwith open(filename, "w") as f:\n f.write("FOOBAR")\n```\nThe reason to add the ```try-except``` block is to handle the case when the directory was created between the ```os.path.exists``` and the ```os.makedirs``` calls, so that to protect us from race conditions.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Assume that Jane Doe has published a paper in 2010 where she has developed a model or a theorem or a similar result, let’s say, that it relates to growth.\nNow assume that Jane Doe is writing another paper in 2015, where she refers to the model/theorem from her paper in 2010.\nIs it acceptable for Jane to write something like the following?\n\n Doe’s growth model (2010), implies that ...\n Doe’s growth theorem (2010) implies that ...\n The Doe growth model (2010) implies ...\n", + "input": "", + "output": "This is, unfortunately, a case where English grammar can be tricky and exactly how you phrase things is going to matter.\n\nIt is often seen a presumptuous to name something after yourself: \"Newton's Laws\" and \"Hawking radiation\" and \"Rayleigh scattering\" are retrospective judgements of significance by the community. Claiming a similar name is an assertion in advance that your work will be at a similar level of significance. \n\nThe problem, then, is that if you say \"Doe's growth model\", it is ambiguous whether that is intended to be a construction like \"Hawking radiation\" or whether it just means \"the growth model that happens to have been developed by Doe.\"\n\nThis potential problem can be avoided by rephrasing to avoid the parallel construction: \"the growth model by Doe et al (2010)\", or better yet, \"the growth model presented in (Doe, 2010).\" The point here is that the significant item under discussion is the growth model, not Doe, and the sentence should be phrased to make that as clear as possible.\n\nFinally, note that these sorts of phrasings can work both for double blind review and for review where the authors' identities are known: even when the identity of the author is known, the important thing should be the relationship between the work, not the fraction of authors that are shared between two papers (unless you are specifically trying to talk about independent co-discovery).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I've been with my current employer for about a year now. Due to the way the company is setup, I'm the only one with knowledge on a process that is quite important to the company. The company is going through some restructuring, and has been letting people go. As the newest guy in my department, I'm obviously concerned. \nMy question though, is if I am let go, am I obligated to spend my time teaching someone else this process that only I know about?", + "input": "", + "output": "As long as you're still getting paid, you're obligated to do whatever your employer tells you to do during your official work hours (if it's within the context of your job and legal).\n\nRefusing to do so would, at best, burn bridges and, at worst, result in them instantly terminating your contract and no longer paying you or potentially get you into legal trouble.\n\nIf they're no longer paying you, you're not obligated to do anything. You're also not obligated to work overtime (paid or not).\n\nIf you're asked to work overtime or do unpaid work, it would be reasonable to decline or (if it's a non-trivial amount of hours) request additional payment. Although this is not to say they would think it's reasonable.\n\nYour contract may, of course, create different obligations, and you should adhere to those instead of what's written here. Any relevant notice periods should also be specified there, in some other legal document or in some regional employment law.\n\nIf you want to leave a good impression and avoid burning bridges, it would be advisable to try to pass on knowledge (through teaching or documentation) even if you're not specifically asked to do so. You might even want to (gently) push back on other tasks and emphasise the importance of passing on your knowledge. Although some won't be able to see the importance of transferring what you know.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Bash test: what does \"=~\" do?", + "input": "", + "output": "The ```~``` is actually part of the operator ```=~``` which performs a regular expression match of the string to its left to the extended regular expression on its right.\n```[[ \"string\" =~ pattern ]]\n```\nNote that the string should be quoted, and that the regular expression shouldn't be quoted.\nA similar operator is used in the Perl programming language.\nThe regular expressions understood by ```bash``` are the same as those that GNU ```grep``` understands with the ```-E``` flag, i.e. the extended set of regular expressions.\n\nSomewhat off-topic, but good to know:\nWhen matching against a regular expression containing capturing groups, the part of the string captured by each group is available in the ```BASH_REMATCH``` array. The zeroth/first entry in this array corresponds to ```&``` in the replacement pattern of ```sed```'s substitution command (or ```$&``` in Perl), which is the bit of the string that matches the pattern, while the entries at index 1 and onwards corresponds to ```\\1```, ```\\2```, etc. in a ```sed``` replacement pattern (or ```$1```, ```$2``` etc. in Perl), i.e. the bits matched by each parenthesis.\n\nExample:\n```string=$( date +%T )\nif [[ \"$string\" =~ ^([0-9][0-9]):([0-9][0-9]):([0-9][0-9])$ ]]; then\n printf 'Got %s, %s and %s\\n' \\\n \"${BASH_REMATCH[1]}\" \"${BASH_REMATCH[2]}\" \"${BASH_REMATCH[3]}\"\nfi\n```\nThis may output\n```Got 09, 19 and 14\n```\nif the current time happens to be 09:19:14.\nThe ```REMATCH``` bit of the ```BASH_REMATCH``` array name comes from \"Regular Expression Match\", i.e. \"RE-Match\".\n\nIn non-```bash``` Bourne-like shells, one may also use ```expr``` for limited regular expression matching (using only basic regular expressions).\nA small example:\n```$ string=\"hello 123 world\"\n$ expr \"$string\" : \".*[^0-9]\\([0-9][0-9]*\\)\"\n123\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "If I have a Bash script like:\n```#!/bin/bash\nf() {\n # echo function name, \"f\" in this case\n}\n```\nIs there any way to do this? This could be used in help messages such as\n```printf \"Usage: %s: blah blah blah \\n\" $(basename $0) >&2;\n```\nOnly in this case what I wanted is not ```$0```, which is the file name of the script.", + "input": "", + "output": "From the Bash Reference Manual:\n\nFUNCNAME\nAn array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The bottom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main". This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect and return an error status. If FUNCNAME is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.\nThis variable can be used with BASH_LINENO and BASH_SOURCE. Each element of FUNCNAME has corresponding elements in BASH_LINENO and BASH_SOURCE to describe the call stack. For instance, ${FUNCNAME[$i]} was called from the file ${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]} at line number ${BASH_LINENO[$i]}. The caller builtin displays the current call stack using this information.\n\nWhen bash arrays are accessed without an index the first element of the array will be returned, so ```$FUNCNAME``` will work in simple cases to provide the name of the immediately current function, but it also contains all other functions in the call stack. For example:\n```# in a file "foobar"\nfunction foo {\n echo foo\n echo "In function $FUNCNAME: FUNCNAME=${FUNCNAME[*]}" >&2\n}\nfunction foobar {\n echo "$(foo)bar"\n echo "In function $FUNCNAME: FUNCNAME=${FUNCNAME[*]}" >&2\n}\nfoobar\n```\nWill output:\n```$ bash foobar\nIn function foo: FUNCNAME=foo foobar main\nfoobar\nIn function foobar: FUNCNAME=foobar main\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I know that the public practice of any religion other than Wahabbi Islam is strictly forbidden in Saudi Arabia, and there would be no places of worship. I also know that the morality police raided a a hotel several years ago where Mass was being celebrated, and arrested the priest and the acolytes.\nBut I am also told that many expats from countries with large Catholic communities such as the Philippines, India, and Sri Lanka do gather in private homes for worship. Is this officially tolerated, or would I endanger the hosts or other participants by asking about them?", + "input": "", + "output": "Essentially, there is no religious freedom in Saudi Arabia, and nobody is likely to openly change - indeed:\n\n> conversion from Islam to another religion is considered apostasy and punishable by death.\n\nAll citizens are considered Muslim by the state.\nIn 2008, the Vatican tried to get a Catholic Church built in Saudi Arabia, and had discussions with the Saudi government, but the result was that it was not permitted.\nSo that brings us to the Christians (including Catholics) that DO exist in the country. There are considered to be more than a million Roman Catholics in the country, as well as from many others.\n\n> Saudi Arabia allows Christians to enter the country as foreign workers for temporary work, but does not allow them to practice their faith openly. Because of that Christians generally only worship in secret within private homes. Items and articles belonging to religions other than Islam are prohibited. These include Bibles, crucifixes, statues, carvings, items with religious symbols, and others.\n\nSo, to your question about whether this secret practice is allowed or tolerated? Not so much. They have an entire 'government' organisation - The Saudi Arabian Mutaween (Arabic: مطوعين), or Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (i.e., the religious police) which prohibits the practice of any religion other than Islam.\nThe government also doesn't let clergy of other religions into the country for conducting religious services (naturally this means no Christian baptisms, weddings etc by official clergy legally).\nAnd if they find someone practising in their homes? International Christian Concern (ICC) protested what it reported as the 2001 detention of 11 Christians in Saudi Arabia, for practicing their religion in their homes. In June 2004, ICC reported on what it termed a \"pogrom-like\" crackdown by Saudi police on Christians after media reports of Koran desecration in Guantanamo Bay.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is there a way to achieve protections similar to \"Copyleft\" under the patent system?", + "input": "", + "output": "\"Copyleft\" is a specific application of copyright law (restricting the license to use copyrighted material by requiring that those obtaining it must also redistribute it for free / under specified terms).\n\nAny work under \"copyleft\" is protected by copyright law (thanks to The Berne Convention copyright is \"automatic\" in most of the world), and those copyright protections are what allow the author to dictate the terms under which the copyrighted work is used.\n\nAs far as I'm aware there is no Berne Convention equivalent in patent law: in order for you to have patent protection and the ability to dictate how your invention is used (by licensing the patent for it to impose Copyleft-style requirements on those using it) you must file for (and receive) a patent.\n\nNote that the sort of \"keeping information free\" protection the Copyleft folks would seek is inherent in US Patent Law and most other patent systems -- it is known as Prior Art.\nIn its most simplistic definition (cribbed from Wikipedia):\n\n> Prior art …, in most systems of patent law, constitutes all information that has been made available to the public in any form before a given date that might be relevant to a patent's claims of originality. If an invention has been described in the prior art, a patent on that invention is not valid.\n\nSo if you have designed and publicly released something patentable (and can document the date of such a release to the satisfaction of the patent authorities) you can seek to invalidate any subsequent patent claims on the grounds that prior art exists.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In monopoly, can an opponent put a property up for auction at a higher price than I have in cash?", + "input": "", + "output": "This is definitely allowed, and a good tactic to leverage a cash advantage.\nThere is no minimum or maximum price for an auction. The rules state:\n\nBidding may start at any price.\n\nMonopoly auctions do not have "the bidding will start at $10". They just have "bidding is open". Once the auction begins, a bid by any player sets the minimum price for the auction at that bid. Your opponent could easily bid $10 on the property, forcing you to either let them have it for $10 or bid more than you have in cash. You could bid first, say starting the bid at $5, but that doesn't meaningfully change the situation, as they can just respond by out-bidding you at $10.\n\nYou may bid more money than you have in cash, but you are still obligated to pay it if you win the auction. This may be a reasonable play if you can afford it by mortgaging property and/or selling houses, especially to drive up the price for your opponent. But be careful not to bid more than you can pay after mortgages and sales, as if you win the auction and can't pay your bid, you go bankrupt. In particular, if you bid more than you can afford, you opponents can all just let you win the bid, at which point you go bankrupt and the property you just bought would go up for auction again (in addition to all your other properties).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the purpose of having a countdown during a rocket launch?", + "input": "", + "output": "There is a window of opportunity for a launch to occur, known as a launch window. This certainly occurs when trying to get somewhere such as the International Space Station, but even earth orbiting satellites have a window of time where the rocket can meet its performance.\n\nBottom line is, the exact time of launch is very important, and a complex sequence of events have to happen in just the right order to make it happen. SpaceFlightNow provided a generic countdown timeline for the Falcon 9, I'll re-post a few of the highlights. Some of these things are done to keep the batteries topped off till the last minute. You don't want to put the fuel in until the last minute, to save it (Most rocket fuel is cryogenic). When the rocket has its fuel loaded, you want to keep non-essential personnel away from it, making it so any tasks they need to do is put off until the end. You don't want to arm the system to launch until you are completely ready, thus, it only happens right before. There are many more such examples of why things are done in a particular order, but hopefully this will give you a sense.\n```L-13:30:00 Dragon Power Up\nL-7:30:00 Launch Vehicle Power Up\nL-3:50:00 Liquid Oxygen Loading\nL-3:40:00 Rocket Propellant 1 Loading\nL-1:00:00 Weather Briefing\nT-0:09:40 Verify that Terminal Countdown has started\nT-0:09:30 Merlin 1C: Lox Bleeder Valves Open\nT-0:07:00 Dragon to Internal Power\nT-0:04:46 Stage 1 & Stage 2 Auto Sequence starts\nT-0:04:30 Transfer to Internal Power\nT-0:04:10 Vehicle Release Auto Sequence\nT-0:03:40 TEA-TEB Ignition System Activation\nT-0:03:25 Flight Termination System to Internal Power\nT-0:03:11 Flight Termination System Armed\nT-0:03:02 LOX Topping Termination\nT-0:03:00 Second Stage Thrust Vector Actuator Test\nT-0:02:00 Range Verification\nT-0:01:30 Final Engine Chilldown, Pre-Valves/Bleeders Open\nT-0:01:00 Flight Computer to start-up\nT-0:00:50 First Stage Thrust Vector Actuator Test\nT-0:00:40 Propellant Tank Pressurization\nT-0:00:20 All Tanks at Flight Pressure\nT-0:00:15 Arm Pyrotechnics\nT-0:00:03 Merlin Engine Ignition\nT-0:00:00 LIFTOFF\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How does one attack a two-time pad (i.e. one time pad with key reuse)?\nI am new to cryptography and my problem is with two time pad attacks on OTP.\nThe problem I had in my course was that I have 10 ciphertexts encrypted with the same key $K$. I am then given another ciphertext that I should decrypt.\nI know that XOR-ing two ciphers gives me the XOR of their original messages.\nMy question is what is the correct thing to do after that?\nI tried to take 3 ciphertexts $C_1, C_2$ and $C_3$.\nThen get $S_1 = C_1 \\oplus C_2 \\oplus $```' '```, also get $S_2 = C_1 \\oplus C_3 \\oplus$ ```' '```.\nAfter that I compared all corresponding characters in $S_1$ and $S_2$,\nand if $S_1[i] = S_2[i]$ then I calculate $S_1[i] \\oplus C_2[i]$ to get $K[i]$.\nI tried this on paper before coding and it worked, but I might be missing something.\nIs this the right approach? Why does it work?", + "input": "", + "output": "The classical answer to \"what is the correct thing to do after you have the XOR of the two original messages\" is crib-dragging.\n\nThat is, you take a guess of a common phrase that may appear in one of the plaintexts (the classical example against ASCII english is the 5 letter \" the \"), and exclusive-or that against the XOR of the two original messages in various locations. If one of the plaintexts had the text of the crib (\" the \" in our example), then the result of the exclusive-or is what the other plaintext had in that position; if neither plaintext had that, it's likely that the result of the exclusive-or is just gibberish. And, once you have a plausible short section, you can extend it (for example, if you know that one of the plaintexts is \" na**\", you can go through the dictionary of all words that start with \"na\", use those as cribs, and see which makes the other plaintext make sense).\n\nIn addition, you can often deduce things directly from the bit pattern. For example, if the messages are in ASCII, then one thing to note that bit 6 of letters is set, but bit 6 of spaces, numbers and (most) punctuation is clear; because spaces are far more common than numbers and punctuation, then that will give you a good guess of where spaces occur in the texts (albeit without telling you which message a specific space appears in).\n\nNow, if you have 11 messages all encrypted with the same pad (an \"11-time pad\"), things get even easier. Obviously, you can grab a crib across one message, and check it against the other 10; if it makes all 10 make sense, then it is almost certainly accurate. Even better, by using the observation that you can distinguish spaces from letters (again, by comparing bit 6), you can find where all the spaces appear in the messages; these all act like 1 character cribs, probably revealing virtually all the text of all the messages.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have a small home automation lab (that I keep saying I'll expand, but haven't). In this setup, I have a control system to control lights (utilizing the x10 protocol), blinds, a Nest thermostat and two web cams.\nWith the recent record setting DDoS attacks utilizing unsecured IoT devices, I'd like to secure my small setup a bit. \nWhat can a home user do to secure their network while still maintaining the \"connect from anywhere\" aspect that is a big part of the marketing?", + "input": "", + "output": "The absolute most common issue with IoT devices is default passwords. So change all the passwords. Pick a unique, random password for every device and write it down on paper (paper is safe from remote attackers and hard drive failures). 12 random (i.e. computer-generated) lowercase letters represent a good compromise between security and being hard to type. Each device should have a different password so that breaking one doesn't let the attacker break all of them. Enter the passwords in a password manager and use that password manager in the computers you use to control the devices.\n\nIf the device has different authorization channels, for example an administration password and a day-to-day usage password, use different passwords for both and only record the administration password on selected devices.\n\nThe second generic security measure is to ensure that all your devices are behind a firewall or at least a NAT device. A typical home router is sufficient, but you should turn off UPnP which can allow inadvertent back channels from the outside. The goal is to ensures that there's no direct way to connect from the Internet to the device. Connections should always go through a gateway that itself requires authentication to cross, and that you keep patched with any security updates.\n\nYou should also apply security updates on all the device if they exist at all, which can be a problem.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What are objective advantages or disadvantages of using the markup language LaTeX instead of a WYSIWYG word processor like MS Word or LibreOffice Writer?\nPlease use objective arguments.", + "input": "", + "output": "LaTeX is better at:\n\n* Dealing with mathematical notation. Layout and entry are generally easier using LaTeX than some other sort of equation editor. \n* Consistent handling of intra-document references and bibliography. As of a couple of years ago the major WYSIWYG editors still had problems with re-numbering cross-references and bibliography items. This is never a problem with BibTeX or LaTeX. \n* Separation of content and style. In principle this means that you can write your document without caring how it is formatted, and at the end of the day wrap it in the style-file provided by the journal publisher before submission to conform to the house style. In practice some of the journal publishers demand special formatting commands that partially moots this process. Furthermore recent versions of Word and LibreOffice Writer, when properly used, should be able to keep track of various levels of section heading separate from the body text, and apply uniform styling to each level. The gap is somewhat closing. \n* Tables and illustrations. With PSTricks or TikZ, one can produce high quality illustrations within the document (though the learning curve is a bit steep there). And I've found LaTeX to be better at preparing complex tables. \n\nWYSIWYG (especially Word and Writer) is better at:\n\n* Collaborative editing. Without using an online site for collaborative LaTeX editing (such as ShareLaTeX), working collaboratively on a LaTeX file ideally requires some sort of separate revision control software. Word and Writer have very good comments/annotations and edit-tracking features. When a large number of authors are commenting on the writing of one file, this can be very useful. \n* Spell check. Admittedly most text editors one uses to edit TeX files also do spell check. But this is generally conveniently built into WYSIWYG editors. \n* Compatibility. Unless you work in mathematics, computer science, or physics (and sometimes even if you work in those fields), it is more likely that your collaborators will know what to do with a Word or Writer file than a LaTeX file. \n* Minimum barrier to entry. If you just care about getting the ideas down on paper, you can use a WYSIWYG editor just like a typewriter. Sure, it may be tedious to fix the formatting later on, compared to LaTeX where one need to first figure out how to setup a bare-minimum file before using, it may be an attractive point. \n\nA wash:\n\n* Most journals provide templates for both Word and LaTeX, so there's no real winner there. \n\nSuggestion: if you want to convince someone to start using LaTeX, start them out first in one of the WYSIWYG environments designed for LaTeX first (for example LyX). This will help somewhat to ameliorate the scary entry barrier. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Could Gandalf not have made his own One Ring?", + "input": "", + "output": "Possibly\nIn the foreword to The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien observes:\n\nSaruman, failing to get possession of the Ring, would in the confusion and treacheries of the time have found in Mordor the missing links in his own researches into Ring-lore, and before long he would have made a Great Ring of his own with which to challenge the self-styled Ruler of Middle-earth.\n\nTolkien therefore definitely conceives of Saruman as being capable of making a Ring, and therefore Gandalf would presumably have been likewise capable.\nHowever, what we can also take from that statement is that making a Ring is not a simple task; there is some "lore" involved, and we know from elsewhere that Saruman had made especial study of the Rings of Power, but yet Tolkien states that even he would have required knowledge found only in Mordor to complete his own work.\n\nSo, to summarize:\n\n* Yes, but,\n* It's neither quick nor easy, because,\n* There is considerable "lore" involved, and,\n* It requires hundreds or even thousands of years of dedicated study to get to a "Saruman-level" of "lore", and,\n* Even then there will be missing knowledge which may only be found in Mordor.\n* So for all practical purposes it's actually "No".\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "It’s the year 2018, and you live in the good ol’ North American landmass. The fascist landmass. By this year, the dystopian N.A.F party controls all of the landmass and secret police prowl the streets armed with automatic rifles. Protest the rules and NAF makes you disappear -- permanently. \nOnto the subject\nAs you’ve seen in a lot of movies and whatnot, dystopian governments like to make people fit into a mandatory dress code. 1984 did it, a lot of other dystopian media did it, and so on. I plan to do the same, but I want to make my dystopian government a logical one, that only does what’s necessary to keep power. What is a logical reason why mandatory dress codes would be forced upon citizens?", + "input": "", + "output": "**Control the Supply**\nThe citizens of your dystopia work in a government-controlled factory. They shop in a government-controlled shop with government-controlled prices. What does the shop have in stock? The products of more government-controlled factories, of course.\n\nIt is not illegal to wear non-standard clothes. It is illegal to buy or sell them (that would be black marketeering) and it is usually illegal to make them (that would be diversion of government-supplied raw materials). One might "repair" government-pattern clothes into non-standard shapes, e.g. cutting trousers short or making a skirt out of an old bedsheet.\n\nFew people make their own clothing. A sure sign they have too much time on their hands, why don't they join in a government-sponsored community activity instead?\n\nOf course there is "special store No. 0815" which is open to senior regime officials and their families. These officials work so long hours in their selfless service of the people that they cannot possibly stand in the waiting line of a normal store. The special store opens by appointment, e.g. right between the parade for the Dear Leader's birthday and the official reception. And it stocks suitable clothes for that reception.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "When would one use an impact driver versus a regular drill?", + "input": "", + "output": "Drills and impact drivers are similar in that they're both rotating power tools and they have some overlap in usage, but they work differently and have different strengths.\n\nDrills apply a constant torque and tend to have good control across a range of speeds and clutch settings. They're good for work that requires care or precision, like drilling a hole or driving a a smaller screw.\n\nImpact drivers provide much higher torque but in rapid bursts–very much like a hammer provides bursts of linear force. \n\nThis makes them good for heavy-duty jobs like driving long lag bolts (you can even take the lug nuts off your car wheels with most impact drivers), but the banging action makes them a little bit difficult to control. They're also not good for driving into something very soft–between the hammer strikes there's no torque applied and the bit can actually rotate backwards. You can see this by holding the chuck with your hands while the driver is on; you'll feel the pulsing of the strikes but chuck won't actually rotate. Finally, some impact drivers don't have a clutch, which means you need to be very careful if you're driving something that could be over-tightened or broken by the high torque.\n\nBesides the higher torque, impact drivers have another huge advantage in that you don't have to hold them tightly to provide the torque. The momentum of the rotating striker inside is what provides the rotation force, so even when you're driving something very tough it's quite easy to hold the tool. Drills on the other hand provide a constant torque and require the user to provide the reaction and prevent the tool from spinning.\n\nIf you have to pick a single all-purpose tool for general DIY use, a drill is much easier to control and is useful in a wider range of situations.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Alternative to Windows Snipping Tool for Mac OSX", + "input": "", + "output": "Mac OS has a built-in snipping tool similar to the one in Windows:\n* ⌘+⇧+3 captures the whole screen\n* ⌘+⇧+4 captures a custom rectangle\n(click and drag over the screen region you want to capture)\n* ⌘+⇧+4 then space captures a specific window (move the mouse cursor over the desired window, then click)\n\nPress esc to cancel.\nScreenshots are saved onto your Desktop and timestamped.\nHolding control in addition to any of the sequences above causes the image to be copied instead of saved to the desktop.\nBy default the image format is png. However, you can change the format by typing in the Terminal:\n```defaults write com.apple.screencapture type image_format\nkillall SystemUIServer\n```\nWhere ```image_format``` is one of ```jpg```, ```tiff```, ```pdf```, ```png```, ```bmp``` or ```pict``` (among others). If you omit the second line, you will need to log out and in again for the change to take effect.\n\nThe settings for the shortcuts in the system preferences are located at:\nSystem Preferences → Keyboard → Keyboard Shortcuts → Screen Shots\nThe MacOS X application that enables screenshots is called Grab. It is located at ```/Applications/Utilities/Grab.app```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the difference between kerning vs. letter spacing?", + "input": "", + "output": "Any font has built-in spacing determined by the “side bearing” of each character. In metal type, the side bearing is the physical right or left edge of the individual piece of type that determines its spacing from the characters on either side. Digital fonts mimic this in the basic design process.\n\n* “To kern” means to adjust the spacing between a pair of letters, numerals, punctuation, etc. (properly “glyphs”) so that their spacing looks correct. The letters AV, for example, have to overlap in any usual typeface, otherwise at least one of them ends up looking lost and bewildered. Their kerning is tightened to snug them up to one another. An italic f will collide with a following question or quote mark in some fonts, so the kerning must be opened up from the default spacing.\n\nAn ancient scribe could kern effortlessly with pen and ink, and if you read old manuscripts you'll see lots of places where a letter intrudes into the space of the one next to it. With metal type, it wasn't so easy. Kerning required cutting away some of the metal base, or table, of the character. The amount of time, skill and work involved is left as an exercise for readers whose minds are in need of a little boggling. The shapes of the letters in metal type intended for long passages of text such as books, or especially newspapers, were designed to minimize the amount of kerning that would be necessary.\n\nKerning tables built into a digital font assign preset kerning values to specific letter pairs, according to the designer's best estimate of how they should look. There can be a dozen or so pairs (or none!) in a cheapo font, thousands in a high-end one. No matter how thoroughly and well a kerning table is built, though, there will still be situations where some awkward combination requires that the kerning be loosened or tightened from the preset values of the glyphs.\n\n* Letter spacing (often “tracking” in software applications) adjusts the spacing between all the glyphs in a piece of text. This can help to make a page look a little more open and inviting, for example, especially with a similarly open leading. Very large type, such as a big headline, almost always benefits from tightening the tracking. Tiny type, such as in captions or footnotes, is made more readable by opening the letter spacing a bit, especially if the paper is absorbent and will allow the ink to spread a little.\n\nA final note: Use caution with both kerning and tracking. Tracking is very often wildly overdone, kerning is seldom done enough.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I read somewhere that C♯ and D♭ actually differ 41 by cents from each other. As far as I know, there should be 2 semitones between C and D. Moreover, C♯ is one semitone above C and D♭ is one semitone below D. Therefore, C♯ and D♭ should be equivalent. If so, how can C♯ and D♭ actually differ by 41 cents from each other?", + "input": "", + "output": "When we talk about the exact frequencies of each pitch class, we have to know the temperament, and a reference pitch. For example, 12-tone equal temperament (12TET) with A4=440Hz is a standard in modern music. From those two parameters, we can extrapolate the exact frequency of every possible note.\n\n12TET is nearly ubiquitous nowadays (at least in Western music), but it doesn't sound as clean as Just Intonation (JI). In essence, 12TET has made every key sound equally imperfect. JI creates a scale where the intervals in the primary chords are all very nice simple ratios, and so the chords ring out very cleanly, but it only works in that key. Important note: within a given JI tuning, each of the 12 pitch classes still has only one single frequency. There is no difference between C♯ and D♭ in, say, \"Pythagorean tuning based on A, with A=440Hz\".\n\nBut most music doesn't stay in one key. While a piano can't make pitch adjustments on the fly (which is why we've agreed to use 12TET for it), most instruments in an orchestra can. So when the piece is in A major, the orchestra will use JI and adjust C♯ to be a little flatter than it would be if using 12TET. But then if the piece modulates to F♯ minor, they'll start playing it slightly sharp.\n\nWhen people say that C♯ is not the same as D♭, what they really mean (whether they realize it or not) is that context may make for different micro-adjustments. In C major, a C♯ might be the third of an A major chord, perhaps a secondary dominant of the ii chord, while D♭ might be the root of the Neapolitan chord. These would result in different tuning choices.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Not sure if this is a Mozilla-specific JS syntax, but I often found variables being declared this way, for example, in add-on SDK docs:\n```var { Hotkey } = require(\"sdk/hotkeys\");\n```\nand in various chrome Javascript (```let``` statement is being used in place of ```var```),\n```let { classes: Cc, interfaces: Ci, results: Cr, utils: Cu } = Components;\n```\nI found it very confusing but I am not being able to find any documentation about both syntax, even on MDN.", + "input": "", + "output": "They're both JavaScript 1.7 features. The first one is block-level variables:\n\n ```let``` allows you to declare variables, limiting its scope to the block, statement, or expression on which it is used. This is unlike the ```var``` keyword, which defines a variable globally, or locally to an entire function regardless of block scope.\n\nThe second one is called destructuring:\n\n Destructuring assignment makes it possible to extract data from arrays or objects using a syntax that mirrors the construction of array and object literals.\n ...\n One particularly useful thing you can do with destructuring assignment is to read an entire structure in a single statement, although there are a number of interesting things you can do with them, as shown in the section full of examples that follows.\n\nFor those familiar with Python, it's similar to this syntax:\n```>>> a, (b, c) = (1, (2, 3))\n>>> a, b, c\n(1, 2, 3)\n```\nThe first code chunk is shorthand for:\n```var {Hotkey: Hotkey} = require(\"sdk/hotkeys\");\n// Or\nvar Hotkey = require(\"sdk/hotkeys\").Hotkey;\n```\nYou can rewrite the second code chunk as:\n```let Cc = Components.classes;\nlet Ci = Components.interfaces;\nlet Cr = Components.results;\nlet Cu = Components.utils;\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "When reading some documentation about the security of a product, I found that the vendor uses the SHA-2 of a password to encrypt data (AES-256), instead of using this password directly.\nAre there any advantages of doing so?\nAn attacker is not going to crack the encrypted data using this SHA-2-as-a-password key but rather exhaust the password keyspace (if feasible) and try its hash. Therefore the only reason I can think of is that there is an extra computational step (the creation of the hash). I would have rather increased the password entropy if the point is to computationally complexify the attack.", + "input": "", + "output": "It sounds like a primitive version of a key derivation function (KDF), in particular they probably could have avoided reinventing the wheel by using PBKDF2.\n\nThere are several reasons why you don't want to use the password directly as an AES key. \n\n* To distribute the bits. The main property here is that a hash function's output is, statistically speaking, uniformly distributed. People tend to pick passwords that aren't fully random, in particular, most passwords would only contain characters you can type in a keyboard. When used as an encryption key, a non-statistically random key may expose weaknesses in the encryption function.\n* To fit the keys to the encryption key length. Most passwords are going to be either longer or shorter than the key space of the encryption function. By hashing your password, the exact key length will be exactly the size of the input key of your encryption function. While the entropy of the derived key doesn't increase, this avoids the likelihood of exposing weakness in the encryption function if you just simply zero pad the password or worse truncate the password.\n* To slow down key derivation decryption. Per your description, the software is only using a single SHA256 round, which is not much. But with proper password based KDF, like PBKDF2, there are usually tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of rounds of the underlying hash function. This slows down computing the keys, increasing the effective strength of passwords without increasing its length.\n* To keep the user's plain text password out of memory, thus preventing it from being accidentally dumped to disk during hibernation or crash dump. While this wouldn't protect the hash from being used to decrypt the data you're encrypting, it will prevent the password from being reused to decrypt other files (which presumably uses different salt) or being tried on your online accounts or other devices that you use.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "My online friend is asking for money in order to visit my home country. Is this a legit request or a scam?", + "input": "", + "output": "The first rule for every such question is simple:\n\n If you have to ask, it's probably a scam\n\nWhile we cannot possibly examine every possible situation from every angle, online scams are simply far too common to trust someone you have known only on the Internet or even what appears to be a real friend or relative, who may have had their email accounts hacked or might be simply being impersonated. So the basic advice is: don't send out your private details, don't pay for anything and don't send any money for any purposes. \nSome common examples are:\n\n* love interest who wants to meet you.\n* 'supposed' friend in need.\n* prize/lottery.\n* inheritance of some distant relative.\n* person in distress asking you to take care of their financial assets.\n* some government/private fine/tax/loan/offer scam\n\nIf you know the person who seems to have send the email asking for money in person, contact them in an other way or have them answer a personal question only they know the answer to, before you accept their email as real.\nIn many countries there are organisations to whom you can report internet fraud or suspected internet fraud. They also offer advice about common scams and how to recognise them. \nIn the USA: The IC3 (part of the FBI) (further information from the FBI on romance scams)\nIn Canada: The Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre\nIn the UK: Action Fraud \nThe second rule for every such question is also simple:\n\n google this requirement\n\nA legitimate requirement, if exist, would be found on the relevant official sources, including the airline or Embassy web sites. For example, Indian nationals are required to show USD 500/week to enter Thailand. \nMany countries also require visa applicants to show means of financial resources. However cash is rarely accepted as such evidence (since one can just borrow it for a day), and depositing this cash in applicant's bank account a day before applying for a visa usually backfires.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "When converting from RGB to grayscale, it is said that specific weights to channels R, G, and B ought to be applied. These weights are: 0.2989, 0.5870, 0.1140.\nIt is said that the reason for this is different human perception/sensibility towards these three colors. Sometimes it is also said these are the values used to compute NTSC signal.\nHowever, I didn't find a good reference for this on the web. What is the source of these values?", + "input": "", + "output": "If you convert RGB -> grayscale with slightly different numbers / different methods, you won't see much difference at all on a normal computer screen under normal lighting conditions -- try it.\n\n### RGB -> ^gamma -> Y -> L*\nIn color science, the common RGB values, as in html rgb( 10%, 20%, 30% ),\nare called "nonlinear" or\nGamma corrected.\n"Linear" values are defined as\n```Rlin = R^gamma, Glin = G^gamma, Blin = B^gamma\n```\nwhere gamma is 2.2 for many PCs.\nThe usual R G B are sometimes written as R' G' B' (R' = Rlin ^ (1/gamma))\n(purists tongue-click) but here I'll drop the '.\nBrightness on a CRT display is proportional to RGBlin = RGB ^ gamma,\nso 50% gray on a CRT is quite dark: .5 ^ 2.2 = 22% of maximum brightness.\n(LCD displays are more complex;\nfurthermore, some graphics cards compensate for gamma.)\nTo get the measure of lightness called ```L*``` from RGB,\nfirst divide R G B by 255, and compute\n```Y = .2126 * R^gamma + .7152 * G^gamma + .0722 * B^gamma\n```\nThis is ```Y``` in XYZ color space; it is a measure of color "luminance".\n(The real formulas are not exactly x^gamma, but close;\nstick with x^gamma for a first pass.)\nFinally,\n\n```L* = 116 * Y ^ 1/3 - 16\n```\n"... aspires to perceptual uniformity [and] closely matches human perception of lightness." --\nWikipedia Lab color space", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "¿Cuál es la diferencia entre echo, print, print_r, var_dump y var_export en PHP?", + "input": "", + "output": "Aquí hay una descripción general de estas funciones de PHP:\n\n###echo\n\n* Muestra una o más cadenas separadas por comas\n* No tiene un valor de retorno\n* Ejemplo:\n```echo \"Cadena 1\", \"Cadena 2\";\n```\n\n###print\n\n* Muestra solo una simple cadena\n* Devuelve 1, por lo cual puede ser usada en una expresión\n* Ejemplos:\n```print \"Hello\";\nif($expresion && print \"Cadena\"){\n // Hacer algo\n}\n```\n\n###print_r()\n\n* Muestra una representación más entendible de un solo valor cualquiera\n* No solo acepta cadenas, también acepta arreglos y objetos formateándolos para ser visualizados de una forma más entendible\n* Puede devolver su valor de salida como un valor de retorno si le pasa ```true``` como su segundo argumento\n* Útil para la depuración\n\nEjemplo: Si tenemos el siguiente arreglo:\n```$a = array ('a' => 'manzana', 'b' => 'banana', 'c' => array ('x', 'y', 'z'));\nprint_r ($a);\n```\nNuestro ```print_r($a);``` nos devolverá algo como esto:\n```Array\n(\n [a] => manzana\n [b] => banana\n [c] => Array\n (\n [0] => x\n [1] => y\n [2] => z\n )\n)\n```\n\n###var_dump()\n\n* Muestra una representación más entendible de un valor cualquiera o más separados por comas\n* No solo acepta cadenas, también acepta arreglos y objetos formateándolos para ser visualizados de una forma más entendible\n* Usa un formato diferente al anterior ```print_r()```, por ejemplo, también muestra el tipo del valor\n* Útil para la depuración\n* No tiene un valor de retorno\n\nEjemplo: Si tenemos el siguiente arreglo:\n```$a = array(1, 2, array(\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"));\nvar_dump($a);\n```\nNuestro ```var_dump($a);``` nos devolverá algo como esto: (nótese que nos muestra el tipo de valor de cada elemento en nuestro arreglo)\n```array(3) {\n [0]=>\n int(1)\n [1]=>\n int(2)\n [2]=>\n array(3) {\n [0]=>\n string(1) \"a\"\n [1]=>\n string(1) \"b\"\n [2]=>\n string(1) \"c\"\n }\n}\n```\n\n###var_export()\n\n* Muestra una representación más entendible y ejecutable de un valor cualquiera\n* No solo acepta cadenas, también acepta arreglos y objetos formateándolos para ser visualizados de una forma más entendible\n* Usa un formato de salida diferente de ```var_dump()``` y ```print_r()```, la salida es un código de PHP válido\n* Útil para la depuración\n* Puede devolver su valor de salida como un valor de retorno si le pasa ```true``` como su segundo argumento\n\nEjemplo, si realizamos lo siguiente\n```class A {\n public $var;\n}\n$a = new A;\n$a->var = 5;\nvar_export($a);\n```\nObtendremos como resultado:\n```A::__set_state(array(\n 'var' => 5,\n))\n```\n\n###Notas\n\n* ```echo``` es mucho más rápido que ```print```\n* ```echo``` y ```print``` son constructores de lenguaje\n* ```print_r()``` y ```var_dump()``` son funciones\n* ```echo``` y ```print``` pueden recibir sus argumentos mediante paréntesis como una función ```echo(\"Hello\", \"world\");``` ó ```print(\"Hello World\");```\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In Android, I defined an ```ImageView```'s ```layout_width``` to be ```fill_parent``` (which takes up the full width of the phone).\nIf the image I put to ```ImageView``` is bigger than the ```layout_width```, Android will scale it, right? But what about the height? When Android scales the image, will it keep the aspect ratio?\nWhat I find out is that there is some white space at the top and bottom of the ```ImageView``` when Android scales an image which is bigger than the ```ImageView```. Is that true? If yes, how can I eliminate that white space?", + "input": "", + "output": "* Yes, by default Android will scale your image down to fit the ImageView, maintaining the aspect ratio. However, make sure you're setting the image to the ImageView using ```android:src="..."``` rather than ```android:background="..."```. ```src=``` makes it scale the image maintaining aspect ratio, but ```background=``` makes it scale and distort the image to make it fit exactly to the size of the ImageView. (You can use a background and a source at the same time though, which can be useful for things like displaying a frame around the main image, using just one ImageView.)\n\n* You should also see ```android:adjustViewBounds``` to make the ImageView resize itself to fit the rescaled image. For example, if you have a rectangular image in what would normally be a square ImageView, adjustViewBounds=true will make it resize the ImageView to be rectangular as well. This then affects how other Views are laid out around the ImageView.\n\nThen as Samuh wrote, you can change the way it default scales images using the ```android:scaleType``` parameter. \n\nBy the way, the easiest way to discover how this works would simply have been to experiment a bit yourself! Just remember to look at the layouts in the emulator itself (or an actual phone) as the preview in Eclipse is usually wrong.\n\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I want to compare 2 arrays of objects in JavaScript code. The objects have 8 total properties, but each object will not have a value for each, and the arrays are never going to be any larger than 8 items each, so maybe the brute force method of traversing each and then looking at the values of the 8 properties is the easiest way to do what I want to do, but before implementing, I wanted to see if anyone had a more elegant solution. Any thoughts?", + "input": "", + "output": "As serialization doesn't work generally (only when the order of properties matches: ```JSON.stringify({a:1,b:2}) !== JSON.stringify({b:2,a:1})```) you have to check the count of properties and compare each property as well:\n\n```const objectsEqual = (o1, o2) =>\n Object.keys(o1).length === Object.keys(o2).length\n && Object.keys(o1).every(p => o1[p] === o2[p]);\nconst obj1 = { name: 'John', age: 33};\nconst obj2 = { age: 33, name: 'John' };\nconst obj3 = { name: 'John', age: 45 };\nconsole.log(objectsEqual(obj1, obj2)); // true\nconsole.log(objectsEqual(obj1, obj3)); // false```\n\nIf you need a deep comparison, you can call the function recursively:\n\n```const obj1 = { name: 'John', age: 33, info: { married: true, hobbies: ['sport', 'art'] } };\nconst obj2 = { age: 33, name: 'John', info: { hobbies: ['sport', 'art'], married: true } };\nconst obj3 = { name: 'John', age: 33 };\nconst objectsEqual = (o1, o2) =>\n typeof o1 === 'object' && Object.keys(o1).length > 0\n ? Object.keys(o1).length === Object.keys(o2).length\n && Object.keys(o1).every(p => objectsEqual(o1[p], o2[p]))\n : o1 === o2;\nconsole.log(objectsEqual(obj1, obj2)); // true\nconsole.log(objectsEqual(obj1, obj3)); // false```\n\nThen it's easy to use this function to compare objects in arrays:\n```const arr1 = [obj1, obj1];\nconst arr2 = [obj1, obj2];\nconst arr3 = [obj1, obj3];\nconst arraysEqual = (a1, a2) =>\n a1.length === a2.length && a1.every((o, idx) => objectsEqual(o, a2[idx]));\nconsole.log(arraysEqual(arr1, arr2)); // true\nconsole.log(arraysEqual(arr1, arr3)); // false\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm working with another developer on a project, and we're using Github as our remote repo. I'm on a Mac using git 1.7.7.3, he's on Windows using git 1.7.6.\nThis is what's happening\n\n* One of us (let's call him developer A, but it doesn't matter which one) pushes a set of commits to GitHub.\n* The other (developer B) makes some local commits.\n* B does a ```git pull```.\n* B does a ```git push```.\n* Looking at the commit history log, I see Merge branch 'master' of github.com:foo/bar\n\nThe commit log gets littered with \"Merge branch\" messages over time, and also shows developer B as committing changes that developer A made. The only way we've found to prevent this issue has been to do a ```git pull --rebase``` at step 3, but I don't know what side effects rebasing will introduce. This is my first time working on a multi-developer git repo, so is this just normal behavior? Any thoughts on how to solve this issue?", + "input": "", + "output": "The commit you are seeing is perfectly fine. A ```pull``` effectively runs ```git fetch``` and then ```git merge``` so a merge is usually happening when you run ```git pull```.\n\nThe alternative to use rebasing instead of merging is possible, but usually you should avoid it. Rebasing allows you to keep a linear history, but also removes any information about the branching that originally happened. It will also cause the history of the current branch being rewritten, recreating all commits that are not contained in the target branch (in your case, the remote). As the recreated commits are different commits, this can cause a lot of confusion when developing together with others, especially when people already checked out parts of those commits before they get rewritten (for example with feature branches). So as a rule of thumb, you should never rewrite any commit that was already pushed.\n\nThe commits you see are there to combine two (or more) branches. It is perfectly fine to have a commit that does nothing else then merging multiple branches. In fact it makes it very clear when you have a merge commit that combines branches when looking at the history. In comparison to rebasing, merging also allows you to effectively see the original history as it was developed, including the actual branches that coexisted.\n\nSo, long story short: Yes, having merge commits is perfectly fine and you should not worry about them.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You are asleep on your boat on open sea. When you wake up you discover you have been robbed. A quick inspection of security cam footage reveals that the pirates who robbed you left your ship exactly an hour ago. The sea is flat, extends indefinitely, and is fully covered in a thick persistent fog. You have no idea in which direction the pirates fled. But you do know that these pirates always continue in a straight line at full speed away from their victim. Their maximum speed on open water is 20 nautical miles per hour. Your boat can reach 21 nautical miles per hour. \nHow do you catch the pirates?", + "input": "", + "output": "If we assume the ocean is flat and extends indefinitely in all directions, there is a strategy that guarantees we can catch the pirates in at most 800,000 years.\n\nPut our current location as the origin of a coordinate system. We will describe our position in polar coordinates, as a function of time: $(r(t),\\theta(t))$ (where we have arbitrarily chosen a direction to be $\\theta=0$, and $t=0$ is when we realized we had been robbed).\n\nWe begin by traveling in the $\\theta=0$ direction for 20 hours, putting our position at $(420, 0)$. We are then the same distance from the origin as the pirates. Next, we will travel in a spiral, in a manner so that $r'(t)=20$ at all times. This guarantees we will always be the same distance from the origin as the pirates. For $t\\geq 20$, we will have $r(t)=420+20(t-20)=20t+20$.\n\nOur speed is\n$$\n\\sqrt{(r')^2+r^2(\\theta')^2} = 21\\text{ mph},\n$$\nand $r'(t)=20$ for $t>20$, so\n$$\n\\theta'(t)=\\sqrt{\\frac{41}{r^2}}=\\frac{\\sqrt{41}}{20+20t}.\n$$\nIf there is a $t\\geq 20$ for which $\\theta(t)$ is the angle in which the pirates fled, we will catch them. This means we will certainly catch the pirates by the time $\\theta$ has increased from $0$ to $2\\pi$. If $t_0$ is the time this happens, we have\n$$\n2\\pi=\\int_{20}^{t_0}\\theta'(t)\\,dt=\\int_{20}^{t_0}\\frac{\\sqrt{41}}{20+20t}dt.\n$$\nSolving for $t_0$ gives\n$$\nt_0=21\\mathrm{exp}\\left(\\frac{40\\pi}{\\sqrt{41}}\\right)-1\\approx 7,005,043,026.\n$$\nThis means we can catch the pirates in at most 7,005,043,026 hours, or about 800 millennia. Better later than never!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Was ist der Unterschied zwischen den Fragewörtern \"wieso\", \"weshalb\" und \"warum\"? ", + "input": "", + "output": "Es gibt im heutigen Deutschen keinen semantischen Unterschied zwischen den drei Frageadverbien (genauer: Kausalfrageadverbien) warum, weshalb und wieso. Die drei Wörter sind also Synonyme und somit beliebig gegeneinander austauschbar.\nWenn man sehr feinsinnig ist, könnte man im Ursprung der drei Wörter folgende Unterscheidung finden:\n\n* warum als Frage nach dem Grund oder dem Motiv\n\n Warum freut sich die Frau?\n Weil sie im Lotto gewonnen hat.\n\n* wieso als Frage nach der Ursache\n\n Wieso fällt ein Apfel auf den Boden?\n Weil er der Schwerkraft ausgesetzt ist.\n\n* weshalb als Frage nach dem Zweck\n\n Weshalb besucht er die Schule?\n Weil er etwas lernen möchte.\n\n\nEtymologie\n\n* warum\nbezeugt im Althochdeutschen wār umbe über Mittelhochdeutschen warumbe aus wār wo und umbe um. Gleichgestellt zu worum; Quelle: Grimmsches Wörterbuch\n* wieso\nÜbertragung aus dem lateinischen qui sic? → wie so? alt. Ital. per che?, modern Ital.: perché? = per che ragione? (\"aus welchem Grund\"); Quelle: Grimmsches Wörterbuch\n* weshalb\naus welchem Grunde – Verschmelzung der Präposition halb(en) (wegen) mit dem vorangestellten Genitiv des Pronomens was; Quelle: Grimmsches Wörterbuch \n\nAllerdings sind die Grenzen zwischen den Begriffen häufig verwischt und in der Alltagssprache wird diese Unterscheidung kaum wahrgenommen.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Create csv file with python", + "input": "", + "output": "CSV stands for comma-separated values, which is a simple file format to store data in a structured layout. Here is an example of how to create a CSV file with the python `csv` module.\n\n```\n# Sample data to write to CSV\ndata = [\n ['Name', 'Gender', 'Occupation'],\n ['Bob', 'Male', 'Professor'],\n ['Lily', 'Female', 'Software Engineer'],\n ['Alex', 'Male', 'Student']\n]\n\n# Specify the file name and mode ('w' for write)\nfilename = 'example.csv'\n\n# Open the CSV file in write mode\nwith open(filename, 'w', newline='') as csvfile:\n # Create a CSV writer object\n csvwriter = csv.writer(csvfile)\n\n # Write the data to the CSV file\n csvwriter.writerows(data)\n```\nIn the example above, we import the csv module which provides functionality to read from and write to CSV files. First, we define the data to write to the CSV as a list of lists, where each inner list represents a row in the CSV file. We then open a file with the write mode (`w`), and create a csv.writer object to write data to the CSV file. Finally, we use the writerows() method to write the entire list of lists (i.e. data) to the CSV file. The newline='' parameter is used to prevent extra newlines from being written to the file.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I heard north ridge of mount Stuart from my friends, can you tell me more?", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure thing! This iconic North American climb is a 1200 ft (364 m) multi-pitch alpine trad route with 18 pitches, rated as Grade III. It is a famous alpine rock route, not just in Washington, but nationally. First ascended by John Rupley & Don Gordon (1956) [Great Gendarme] and James Wickwire & Fred Stanley (1964), it's a must-do for alpine rock enthusiasts.\n\nRoute Overview:\nFrom the Stuart Glacier notch, approximately 11 pitches of low/mid 5th class climbing lead to the Gendarme's base. Despite the enjoyable exposed climbing, the Gendarme features the most remarkable pitches. Two crux 5.9 pitches await, with the first being a steep dihedral offering good rests between challenging sections. Traverse to the offwidth, power through it, and tackle one more 5.8-5.9 pitch before the final three pitches of low 5th.\n\nEquipment:\nGear preferences vary. Carry your usual equipment for long alpine rock routes. If you want extra security in the cruxy 5.9 offwidth, carry one 3.5\" piece. You may need an ice axe and crampons if you approach via the glacier. \n\nGetting there:\nDrive I-90 to exit 85, turn left to join SR-970. Drive 6.6 mi and turn left on Teanaway River Road. Follow north fork road approximately 23 mil to the end of road.\n\nApproach and Descends:\nMultiple approach options exist, each with pros and cons. Either approach from the south via Longs Pass TH or from the north via Mountaineer Creek. Acquire a topographic map to determine the best route. If approaching from LPTH, head to Ingalls Lake, traverse ledges around the lake's east side, follow the trail to Stuart Pass, and descend northwest on talus. Ascend more talus to Goat Pass, traverse Stuart Glacier, and reach the 4th class gully leading to the North Ridge's prominent notch, marking the beginning of the upper ridge. If descending via LPTH, head down from the summit towards the false summit via blocky terrain, follow cairns and a ledge system east, and descend the seemingly endless Cascadian Couloir, eventually reaching Ingalls Creek.\nScramble to the false summit. Descend steep snow or scree then keep right through sparse trees to enter the Cascadian Couloir. Descend all the way to the valley floor, and then you can go back to via Long’s peak or Ingalls Lake. \n\nThis route is incredible and a must-do for anyone at ease with alpine rock climbing at this level. Keep in mind, though, that it's quite challenging and requires serious commitment. Just make sure you're prepared and always stay safe!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you implement KMP Algorithm with python?", + "input": "", + "output": "The Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm (or KMP algorithm) is a string-searching algorithm that searches for occurrences of a \"word\" W within a main \"text string\" S by employing the observation that when a mismatch occurs, the word itself embodies sufficient information to determine where the next match could begin, thus bypassing re-examination of previously matched characters.```\n\n```\n# Python3 program for KMP Algorithm\nclass KMP:\n def partial(self, pattern):\n \"\"\" Calculate partial match table: String -> [Int]\"\"\"\n ret = [0]\n \n for i in range(1, len(pattern)):\n j = ret[i - 1]\n while j > 0 and pattern[j] != pattern[i]:\n j = ret[j - 1]\n ret.append(j + 1 if pattern[j] == pattern[i] else j)\n return ret\n \n def search(self, T, P):\n \"\"\" \n KMP search main algorithm: String -> String -> [Int] \n Return all the matching position of pattern string P in T\n \"\"\"\n partial, ret, j = self.partial(P), [], 0\n \n for i in range(len(T)):\n while j > 0 and T[i] != P[j]:\n j = partial[j - 1]\n if T[i] == P[j]: j += 1\n if j == len(P): \n ret.append(i - (j - 1))\n j = partial[j - 1]\n \n return ret\n\nkmp = KMP()\ntxt = \"abdabeabfabc\"\npat = \"abc\"\nkmp.search(txt, pat)\n```\n\nThe output of the above code is:\n\n```\n9\n```\n\nThe Time Complexity of this algorithm is O(N) and the auxiliary space needed for KMP is O(M).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What are the most common curse words, or expletives, that people utter, when angry?", + "input": "", + "output": "Sometimes people use profanity to express anger. I'd rather not repeat them because it is impolite.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you make a seaborn box plot that plots two different array with numbered labels for the median and 95th percentiles, trimming outliers?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is a solution that uses the Python data visualization library Seaborn to create a boxplot from two different arrays, while labeling the median and 95th percentiles and trimming outliers:\n\n```\nimport numpy as np\nimport seaborn as sns\nimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n\n# input arrays\narray1 = np.random.rand(50)\narray2 = np.random.rand(50) \ndata = np.vstack([array1, array2]).T\nlabels = ['Array 1', 'Array 2']\n\n# Create the boxplot and trim outliers\nax = sns.boxplot(data=data, whis=(0, 95))\n\n# Set the x-axis labels\nax.set_xticklabels(labels)\n\n# Label the median and 95th percentiles\nfor i, label in enumerate(labels):\n median = np.median(data[:, i])\n p95 = np.percentile(data[:, i], 95)\n ax.annotate(f'Median: {median:.2f}', xy=(i, median), xytext=(i - 0.25, median - 0.1))\n ax.annotate(f'95th: {p95:.2f}', xy=(i, p95), xytext=(i - 0.25, p95 + 0.1)\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am a librarian at the Technion. The Technion is a public polytechnic university in Haifa, Israel. Please help me write a FAQ page for the Technion's library system. It should include questions and answers in the following categories:\n* General\n* Circulation\n* Computing & Network\n* Peripheral Equipment\n* Off-Campus Access\n* Historical Archive\n", + "input": "", + "output": "#General\n\n###Who is eligible to receive service?\n\nTechnion libraries are open to the general public. Academic staff, administrative staff and students at the Technion may borrow books and peripheral equipment while presenting a valid student / employee card.\n\nTechnion Email enables access to the digital library without any special registration.\n\nLibrary card access (for tracking paper format books loans and requests) is only possible for those with Technion identification (email and password).\n\n###Is there accessibility for people with disabilities?\n\nThe Central Library is accessible to people with disabilities. For accessibility information in other Technion libraries contact the relevant library.\n\n#Circulation\n\n###Is it allowed to return a book borrowed from one library to another on campus?\n\nIt is recommended to return books to the library from which they were loaned.\n\n###Is it possible to self-extend the loan period on the card after receiving an email notification to return the item?\n\nYou can try to independently extend the loan on the card. If there are still requests for the item, it must be returned on the specified due date.\n\n###Can I borrow a dictionary for an exam?\n\nThe stock of dictionaries is limited, so it is therefore advisable to check in advance the collection containing all details of its availability.\n\n#Computing & Network\n\n###I cannot remember a password and username to a network connection. What should I do?\n\nThe library is not responsible for passwords for encrypted networks and you should contact the Faculty computing manager or the Division of Computing and Information Systems:\n“Eduroam” Network – a worldwide secure network that allows easy connection to the Wi-Fi network in academic institutions around the world with a one-time setup only. [Link to Login Instructions]\n\n###Which software is currently installed on the libraries’ computers?\n\nEach library has different software installed.\n\nThese software are currently installed on the Central Library’s computers.\n\nTechnion students can also install certain software (such as Visual Studio, SolidWorks, Matlab and more) free of charge.\n\n#Peripheral Equipment\n\n###Can I borrow from the library a mobile charger / a laptop / headphones / calculator?\n\nContact the relevant library regarding borrowing any peripherals equipment.\n\n###Should I pay for printing, scanning and photography services?\n\nPrinting and photography services are per pay. The charges and the technical handling of printers are under the responsibility of [Charging System]. Contact information of [Charing Company] representatives can be found at the printers’ area. Scanning services are provided free of charge (copiers which are also used for scanning are indicated at the printers’ area).\n\n#Off-Campus Access\n\n###How do I connect from home to the library electronic resources?\n\nHome connection requires an identification in the Technion’s unified system. All information about the various access options is available on the off-campus access page.\n\n###I cannot connect from home - what should I do?\n\nPlease open a ticket at the Technion HelpDesk (Hebrew only).\n\n###I do not remember my Technion account information. Who should I turn to?\n\nAccount information can be self-recovered. If necessary, contact the Technion HelpDesk.\n\n###I have a faculty / unit account, can I use this account to connect library resources off-campus?\n\nAccess is only available with these accounts: @[domain address 1] or @[domain address 2].\n\n###Can I connect from abroad as well?\n\nSure. Access is available from anywhere and with any network, and since it is a web-based system, is also accessible from any device (computer, tablet or smartphone with Internet access).\n\n#Historical Archive\n\n###What can be found in the Technion's historical archive?\n\nThe historical archive contains:\n* Documents, letters, protocols and photocopies of newspaper articles.\n* A partial heritage of Alexander Baerwald.\n* A collection of photos and historical photographs.\n* A collection of military programs by Professor Yohanan Ratner.\n* A partial collection of maps by Gottlieb Schumacher.\n\n###Is it necessary to book in advance a visit to the Historical Archive?\n\nYes, visit by appointment only. Please contact the department’s email stating the search topic and the purpose of using the materials. A visit will be coordinated during the Historical Archive opening hours, [Open Time].\n\n###Is it possible to borrow the materials from the Historical Archive?\n\nNo, the materials are not borrowable, and are not taken out of the archive’s climate control room while browsing.\n\n###Do I need to pay for the service?\n\nNo, the Historical Archive does not charge for visiting or for using the materials.\n\n###Where can I find campus statistics?\n\nFor campus statistics – please contact the Communication and External Relations Unit or the Construction and Maintenance Division.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What if you could spend your life never sleeping? What would you do with the extra hours in each day?", + "input": "", + "output": "If I could spend my life never sleeping, some of the things I might do with that extra time include:\n\n* Spend more time with friends and family. I can use the extra time to develop stronger ties and bonds with my loved ones, including my family members and close friends. I might watch films more often with them or host games at night that we can play together. Or, I might organize more potluck parties where each one bring a dish. \n\n* Enjoy my favorite hobbies more (or discover new ones). I could use the extra time to take dance and music lessons, read more fiction books, collect action figures, etc. In addition, I would love to develop some new hobbies that I have always wanted to try, e.g. skiing and bouldering. \n\n* Travel and see more of the world. If I had lots of extra time, I would use them to travel around the world to experience life in different ways. I could explore new places, cultures, cuisines, traditions, and ways of living. I can also make friends with people from different backgrounds.\n\n* Exercise and improve my physical condition. With more extra time, I would become more active and commit to a healtier lifestyle. For example, I'll stick to a regular fitness plan and increase my physical activity by adding strength training and taking a Yogo class. \n\n* Work more to advance my career and personal growth. I might use the extra time to learn new skills outside of my primary career. For example, I would learn a new language or pursue a part-time job in art history or education. Moreover, I would get out of my comfort zone and become more proactive in buidling my network. \n\n* Get more involved in my community. With all of the extra time available to me, I could devote myself to volunteering or giving back to my local community. This might involve working with organizations like soup kitchens, animal shelters, or environmental conservation groups. Alternatively, I might consider starting my own nonprofit organization focused on addressing issues that matter most to me. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Imagine you are in charge of reforming school education, what would you change?", + "input": "", + "output": "If I were in charge of reforming school education, here are some changes I would make:\n\n* Reduce standardized tests and eliminate the stigma associated with failing them. The focus on testing is harmful in so many ways. It encourages teaching to the test and rote learning. It leads to gaming the system by teachers and students. It leads to a narrowing of the curriculum as schools focus on the subjects that are tested. It discriminates against kids who aren't good at taking tests, especially kids with ADHD, dyslexia and other learning disabilities. There needs to be more evaluation of critical thinking and reasoning skills, and less emphasis on memorization and regurgitation. \n* Enhance teacher training and support. I would make teacher education more rigorous, with more emphasis on pedagogy and less on content. A good teacher does not need to know all the answers, but needs to know how to find the answers, and how to inspire and guide students. In addition, I would make it compulsory for teachers to keep updating their knowledge of both their subject and of teaching methods. \n* Increase government fundings for teacher training. I would invest heavily in teacher training and professional development and ensure that teachers are well supported, respected and fairly paid.<\\lit>\n* Introduce a course on logical fallacies, starting with the most basic ones like appeal to authority, ad hominem, red herring, tu quoque, appeal to tradition, appeal to emotion, etc. I would also introduce a course on critical thinking, which would be more practical than the previous one. Students would learn how to formulate arguments and evaluate them, how to distinguish between good and bad arguments, etc.\n* Ensure that students receive a balanced curriculum including the arts, humanities and sciences. Schools should be evaluated on how well they develop the whole student, including their social, emotional and physical wellbeing.<\\lit>", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why some women go up a shoe size after pregnancy?", + "input": "", + "output": "During pregnancy, the body produces higher levels of the hormone \"relaxin\". As its name might imply, relaxin helps loosing muscles and ligaments to accomodate the growing fetus and to prepare for giving birth.\nThe ligaments in the feet loosen as well, causing the bones to strech further apart. This effect is amplified by the added pregnancy weight, causing some women to go up a full shoe size during pregnancy.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you write an email to remind the residents of an upcoming annual fire alarm in the building today?", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear Residents,\n\nWe hope you all are having a wonderful week!\nThis is a friendly reminder that the annual apartment fire alarm testing will begin today.\n\nPlease expect a visit from the Maintenance Team and the Fire Alarm Company today. They will need access to your apartment, so please make accommodations and ensure your pets are in a safe location. Additionally, you do not need to be home for the duration of the testing. The testing will be between [Time] AM and [Time] PM (The testing may not last until [Time]).\nThere will be intermittent alarms going off, so if you are noise sensitive, please make arrangements to be out of the community for the duration of the testing or stop by the leasing office for ear plugs.\n\nFAQs\n1. The Fire Alarm Team will need to view the fire alarms present in the home to ensure their functionality.\n2. The Fire Alarm Team will not be taking off their shoes or putting on shoe-covers as this is time-consuming; please place mats or rugs in your apartment for the team to tread on.\n\nWe thank you for your continued support for the community while the team ensures that the property is up to the [StateName] Safety Code.\nPlease contact the Leasing Office if you have any questions, concerns, or clarifications through our email [Email Address] or on our phone at [Phone Number].\n\nSincerely,\n[Team Name]\n[Address]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you evaluate and compare the accomplishments of Michael Jordan and LeBron James using the data presented in the table, covering various aspects?\n\n\n| | Michael Jordan | LeBron James |\n|-----------------------|----------------|--------------|\n| final championships | 6 | 4 |\n| MVP | 5 | 4 |\n| FMVP | 6 | 4 |\n| All-star Team | 14 | 17 |\n| Total Score | 32292 | 38652 |\n| Field goal percentage | 49.70% | 50.42% |\n| Free throw percentage | 83.50% | 72.30% |\n| Assist | 5633 | 10420 |\n| Rebound | 6672 | 10550 |\n| Steal | 2514 | 2102 |\n| Block | 893 | 1065 |\n| Triple pair | 28 | 105 |", + "input": "", + "output": "Michael Jordan and LeBron James are widely considered to be two of the greatest basketball players of all time, with both having accomplished a significant amount in their careers. However, the evaluation of their achievements is open to personal interpretation, and there is no clear consensus on which one is superior. The table data that follows provides an impartial summary of their accomplishments.\n\n* Final championships: Michael Jordan has been victorious in six NBA championship tournaments, whereas LeBron James has attained four NBA championship titles.\n* MVP awards: Both players have won four NBA MVP awards.\n* Finals MVP awards: Michael Jordan has won six NBA Finals MVP awards, while LeBron James has won four NBA Finals MVP awards.\n* All-Star appearances: Jordan was chosen as an All-Star team member on 14 occasions, whereas James has been selected 17 times.\n* Total score: LeBron James has scored more total points than Michael Jordan, with 38652 points compared to Jordan's 32292 points.\n* Field goal percentage: LeBron James has a slightly higher field goal percentage than Michael Jordan, with a percentage of 50.42% compared to Jordan's 49.70%.\n* Free throw percentage: Michael Jordan has a significantly higher free throw percentage than LeBron James, with a percentage of 83.50% compared to James's 72.30%.\n* Assists: LeBron James has more career assists than Michael Jordan, with 10420 assists compared to Jordan's 5633.\n* Rebounds: LeBron James has more career rebounds than Michael Jordan, with 10550 rebounds compared to Jordan's 6672.\n* Steals: Michael Jordan has more career steals than LeBron James, with 2514 steals compared to James's 2102.\n* Blocks: LeBron James has more career blocks than Michael Jordan, with 1065 blocks compared to Jordan's 893.\n* Triple doubles: LeBron James has more career triple doubles than Michael Jordan, with 105 triple doubles compared to Jordan's 28.\n\nTaking all these factors into consideration, we can conclude that Jordan and James are both exceptional players who have achieved high levels of success in different eras and circumstances. While the comparison between the two players is to some extent subjective, their performances and achievements cannot be ignored. We should cherish the classic games and memories of these two players and respect their individual talents and achievements. It should also be noted that while the two players are very similar in many ways, they are also very different. Therefore, we should not compare them too much, but appreciate them for their individual characteristics and achievements.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What are the main differences between Xbox and PlayStation?", + "input": "", + "output": "Both Xbox and PlayStation are leading gaming consoles, accounting together for the vast majority of the console market. Some notable differences between the two include:\n\n* Manufacturer: Xbox is developed by Microsoft, while PlayStation is developed by Sony.\n\n* Games: Both consoles feature a wide selection of games, with some titles distributed exclusively for PlayStation (e.g. God of War) or Xbox (e.g. Halo). PlayStation typically has more exclusive games.\n\n* Controller: PlayStation has an almost symmetric controller, while the Xbox controller has an offset analog stick, which is more suitable for adult hands.\n\nAdditional differences include console design, online services, and VR support. Ultimately, selecting a gaming console depends on your personal preferences.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How can Asian people see with those tiny slit for eyes?", + "input": "", + "output": "Asian people having tiny eyes is a false stereotype and generally considered as racism. The eye shape of a person is determined by their genes, not race or ethinicity.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm the admin of a Facebook group about hiking in my area. As we're heading into the summer, I'd like to remind members to be mindful of safety. Can you draft a post for me?", + "input": "", + "output": "🛑 Safety First! 🛑\n\nHey everyone! Now that the weather is warming up and we're all enjoying nature, I wanted to share a few safety tips to help everyone stay safe on the trails 😎\n\n💦 Pack plenty of water\n👫 Hike in groups\n⚡ Charge your phones\n🧭 Use apps like AllTrails to keep track of where you're going\n🐍 Look and listen for rattlesnakes - if you see one, keep your distance!\n🦟 Use mosquito spray, and shower after hikes to wash off any insects\n☀️ Wear sunscreen!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Pretend to be a news reporter. How would you ask questions during an interview with a public figure?", + "input": "", + "output": "An important thing to remember when interviewing anyone is that you already know the broad strokes of what they're going to say. You did your research beforehand, you know their position on the topic, you probably have a good idea of their background and how they came to their position. What you want to do is get them to fill in the details, to provide color and depth to the story.\n\nHre are some example questions I would ask if I were a news reporter:\n\n(Opening statement) Good evening. I'm (name), and this is (name of show). Tonight, we're joined by (name of guest), (title or occupation of guest). Thank you for joining us.\n(First question) Let's start at the beginning. How did you become involved in (subject of interview)?\n(Second question) Many of our viewers may not be familiar with the intricacies of (subject of interview). Can you explain (complex concept in subject) in terms the average person can understand?\n(Third question) (Name of guest), you've been extremely critical of (name of opponent or person with opposing viewpoint). Do you feel your statements have been misconstrued, or do you stand by them?\n(Fourth question) (Name of guest), you've been involved in (subject of interview) for (number of years). How do you feel the situation has changed over that time?\n(Final question) (Name of guest), we've just about run out of time, but I'd like to give you a chance to make one final statement, or to address any issues that we haven't covered tonight.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What if the moon had never formed?", + "input": "", + "output": "The moon was critical to the formation of life as we know it. The huge tides generated by the moon's gravity allowed chemical building blocks to mix from different parts of the planet. The early moon also helped slow the Earth's rotation and stabilize the tilt - resulting in our seasons.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the difference between parliamentary and presidential democracies?", + "input": "", + "output": "Democracies come in various shapes and sizes. One way of classifying democracies is into presidential, semi-presidential, and parliamentary democracies. The key differences lie in the checks and balances between the executive branch (the government) and the legislative branch (the legislature):\n\n* In a presidential democracy, the government is not responsible to the legislature, i.e. it cannot be removed by a vote of no-confidence. For example, in the United States, the president is elected separately from Congress, and cannot be removed by congress during their term, apart from extreme circumstances (impeachment and conviction).\n\n* In a semi-presidential democracy, the head of state is elected independently of the legislature, and is not responsible to the legislature, but the government is. For example, France is a semi-presidential democracy, where the president is elected directly by the citizens, but the government and prime minister are voted in by the parliament.\n\n* In a parliamentary democracy, the government is responsible to the legislature, aligning the executive and legislative branches. Many parliamentary democracies elect their head of state via the legislature, while others, such as the United Kingdom, have a hereditary head of state.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write an essay with an Outline on the following topic: \"How to learn a foreign language?\" with max of 350 words.", + "input": "", + "output": "Learning a foreign language is an important skill that can open up countless opportunities and experiences. Whether for travel, work, or personal growth, knowing how to speak a second or third language is a valuable asset in today’s increasingly globalized world. While it may sometimes seem like a daunting undertaking, there are several key strategies that can help make learning a new language easier and more effective.\n\nOne of the first steps in learning a foreign language is to set a goal. This could be something as simple as learning a few key phrases before a trip abroad or something more long term, such as achieving fluency in a language for work or personal reasons. Setting a goal provides a clear endpoint and motivation to keep going.\n\nOnce a goal has been established, it’s important to create a structured learning plan. This can include setting aside dedicated study time each day or week, focusing on specific aspects of the language (such as grammar or vocabulary), and setting measurable benchmarks to track progress. A learning plan keeps things organized and ensures that steady progress is being made toward the ultimate goal.\n\nImmersion is one of the best ways to learn a foreign language quickly and effectively. This can involve watching movies without subtitles, reading books in the target language, listening to podcasts, or even taking a trip to a foreign country. Immersive learning helps build confidence speaking the language and exposes learners to new words and concepts in a natural way.\n\nPracticing regularly is essential when learning a foreign language. This can take many forms, including talking to native speakers, practicing with flashcards, using online programs, or simply thinking in the target language. Practice reinforces what has already been learned and helps develop new skills. It also builds confidence, which is crucial for improving language ability.\n\nIt’s important to remember that learning a foreign language takes time and practice. Don’t get discouraged if progress seems slow - every little bit counts! With dedication and perseverance, anyone can become multilingual.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Here are a few paragraphs that I took out of Wikipedia:\n* The Warp Pipe is a common method of transportation used in many of the Mario series games. Warp Pipes are most often green but also appear in other colors (early games included silver pipes, newer games have introduced red, green, blue and yellow pipes), and have many uses in the series. Warp Pipes can also contain enemies, usually Piranha Plants, and sometimes launch the player into the air (most commonly seen in the New Super Mario Bros. series). In early Mario games such as Super Mario Bros., special, well-hidden areas known as Warp Zones contain pipes that allow players to skip several worlds (handfuls of levels) at once.[19] In the New Super Mario Bros. series, pipe-shaped Warp Cannons work similarly to the Warp Zones of the earlier games and are unlocked by finding secret exits in levels. Cannons appear in most of the 3D games in the series starting with Super Mario 64. The character uses the cannon by jumping into the barrel, aiming themself and being fired at a distant target. This allows the character to progress through a level or reach otherwise inaccessible areas.\n* Much of the supporting cast was introduced in the succeeding games for the Genesis and its add-ons. Sonic 2 introduced Sonic's sidekick Miles \"Tails\" Prower, a fox who can fly using his two tails.[208] Sonic CD introduced Amy Rose, a pink hedgehog and Sonic's self-proclaimed girlfriend, and Metal Sonic, a robotic doppelgänger of Sonic created by Eggman.[209] Sonic 3 introduced Sonic's rival Knuckles, a red echidna and the guardian of the Master Emerald.[210] The Master Emerald, introduced in Sonic & Knuckles,[211] controls the power of the Chaos Emeralds.[201] Knuckles' Chaotix introduced the Chaotix, a group comprising Espio the Chameleon, Vector the Crocodile, and Charmy Bee.[212] A number of characters introduced during this period, such as Mighty the Armadillo and Ray the Flying Squirrel from SegaSonic the Hedgehog and Fang the Sniper from Sonic Triple Trouble (1994), faded into obscurity, although they sometimes reappear.[38][213]\n* Some Easter eggs originated from in-jokes between members of the development team. One example is \"Toasty\", which found its way into the game in the form of a small image of sound designer Dan Forden, who would appear in the corner of the screen during gameplay (after performing an uppercut) and yell the phrase \"Toasty!\", originating from him saying \"you're toast\".[45] This egg was also the key to unlocking the hidden character Smoke when it happened in the Portal stage in Mortal Kombat II.[42] In Mortal Kombat 4, Forden would say \"Toasty! 3D!\" after Scorpion did his burn Fatality, a reference to the fact that it is the first 3D game of the series.[46] \"Toasty!\" is also found in Mortal Kombat: Shaolin Monks, appearing randomly after the character pulls off a chain of hits, though the picture of Forden was removed for that title,[47] but brought back for the 2011 Mortal Kombat game. Yet another private joke was the hidden character Noob Saibot, who has appeared in various versions of the game starting with Mortal Kombat II. The character's name derived from two of the series' creators' surnames, Ed Boon and John Tobias, spelled backwards.[48] In addition, a counter for ERMACS on the game's audits screen (ERMACS being short for error macros), was interpreted by some players as a reference to a hidden character in the original Mortal Kombat. The development team decided to turn the rumor into reality, introducing Ermac in Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 as an unlockable secret character.[49][50] The hidden character Mokap, introduced in Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance, is a tribute to Carlos Pesina, who played Raiden in MK and MKII and has served as a motion capture actor for subsequent titles in the series.[51]\n\nWrite 10 quiz questions based on the information in these paragraphs.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are 10 trivia questions based on the three Wikipedia paragraphs you have provided:\n\n1. In the Super Mario video game series, which color is a typical warp pipe?\n2. In newer Super Mario games, which alternative mode of transportation serves as a similar mode of transportation to warp pipes?\n3. In the original Super Mario Bros. series, how can Mario skip several worlds at once?\n4. In Super Mario video games, which enemies typically appear in warp pipes?\n5. Who is the guardian of the Master Emerald in the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise?\n6. Who is Sonic the Hedgehog's girlfriend?\n7. Who was Sonic the Hedgehog's first sidekick?\n8. Who played Raiden in the first two Mortal Kombat video games?\n9. In Mortal Kombat II, what could trigger the \"Toasty!\" sound effect?\n10. In the Mortal Kombat video game, there is a character named Noob Saibot. What is the origin of his name?", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Calculate $\\int\\left( \\sqrt{\\tan x}+\\sqrt{\\cot x}\\right)dx$", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure, here is the solution.\n\n$$I=\\int\\left( \\sqrt{\\tan x}+\\sqrt{\\cot x}\\right)dx$$\n$$=\\int \\frac{\\sin x+\\cos x}{\\sqrt{\\sin x\\cos x}} dx$$\nPutting $\\sin x-\\cos x=u$, $du=(\\cos x+\\sin x)dx, u^2=1-2\\sin x\\cos x,\\sin x\\cos x=\\frac{u^2-1}2$\n$$I=\\int \\frac{\\sqrt 2du }{\\sqrt{1-u^2}}=\\sqrt 2\\arcsin u+C=\\sqrt 2\\arcsin(\\sin x-\\cos x)+C$$ \nwhere $C$ is an arbitrary constant for an indefinite integral.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What if the internet had never been invented? How would that have affected communication and society?", + "input": "", + "output": "If the internet had never been invented, the world would be a very different place.\nThe most immediate difference would be a much slower pace of technological development. The internet allows ideas to be shared instantly, and for collaboration between individuals who may be thousands of miles apart. It allows companies to outsource work to people all over the world, and for people to find information and learn new things at incredible speeds.\nWithout the internet, all of these things would be much slower. It would take years for a new idea to spread around the world, for example, and companies would have to rely on people local to their business for all of their workforce.\nThe world would also be a much less connected place. It's easy to forget, as the internet has become such a huge part of our lives, that it's really only been around for a couple of decades. Before then, it was still possible to travel and communicate internationally, but it was much more difficult, and as a result, the world was a much bigger place.\nWithout the internet, we would see more regional cultures and identities. In a world where it takes years for new ideas to spread, cultures have a much better chance to grow and flourish independently.\nWe would also see a much bigger difference between rich and poor countries. The internet has allowed developing countries to leapfrog in many areas of technology, for example in the way that many people in Africa have skipped landline phone networks and gone straight to mobile phones. Without the internet, these kinds of leapfrogging effects would be much less common.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Show me the current stock price.", + "input": "", + "output": "I am sorry, but as an AI assistant I don't have access to real-time information, such as the weather and stock information. Feel free to ask me something else.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to append an item to list in a for loop in python?", + "input": "", + "output": "To append an item to a list, you can use the list object's `append()` method. Below is a running example where we want to append the integers from 1 to 10 to the original list `l`.\n\n```\n# original list\nl = [-3, -2, -1, 0]\n# for loop for adding integer\nfor i in range(11):\n # append an integer\n l.append(i)\n\n# print out the modified list\nprint(l)\n```\n\nThe output of the above code is \n```\n[-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Who are you?", + "input": "", + "output": "I am an AI language model developed by Meta. I am here to try to answer your questions. Feel free to ask me anything, and I will do my best to assit you.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How can you tell if someone is being truthful or lying to you?", + "input": "", + "output": "To tell if someone if being truthful or lying to you, here are a few things to look for:\n\n* Look for inconsistencies in what they say. If one time they said one thing, and another time they said the opposite, or if they contradict themselves within the same conversation, that's a sign that they may be lying. \n\n* Look for signs of stress. Liars often have a harder time lying when they're under more stress. Pay attention to whether or not they seem nervous. Are they fidgeting? Stuttering? Avoiding eye contact? These can all be signs that they're lying to you. However, some people are good liars, and can lie with a straight face. This is why it's best to look for multiple signs that they're lying.\n\n* Pay attention to what they don't say. If someone is lying to you, they may leave out details, or fail to correct you when you make an assumption that isn't true. \n\n* Ask follow-up questions. Liars often give short answers because they're trying to avoid giving details that may incriminate them. Follow up with questions like, \"Why did you do that?\" or \"How did that happen?\" to see if they're fumbling for an answer.\n\n* Ask questions you already know the answer to. This is a great way to catch someone in a lie. If you know the answer, you can say, \"Oh, so it was you who broke the vase, not Kyle,\" and see if they correct you.\n\n* Look for micro-expressions. A micro-expression is a brief, involuntary facial expression that reveals someone's true emotions. People who are lying may make a micro-expression of anxiety or guilt. You have to pay close attention, because these expressions only last for a fraction of a second.\n\n* Pay attention if they change the subject. This is a classic sign of a liar. If someone is trying to distract you from the truth, they may change the subject or try to redirect the conversation.\n\nAnd remember, people lie for many reasons. The simple fact that someone is lying to you does not mean that they are guilty of the crime you are investigating. They may be protecting someone else, or themselves from something embarrassing, or they may be lying about something completely unrelated. Always keep the reason for your questioning in mind, and be prepared to pursue other lines of inquiry based on the information you learn.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am 30 years old, is it too late to start learning piano now?", + "input": "", + "output": "It's never too late to learn the piano. However, it will be harder for you than for a child:\n\n* You have to make a conscious decision to practice, whereas a child just does it because their parents told them to. This makes it easier to skip practice when you don't feel like it.\n* You probably have other responsibilities (work, family) that take up time and energy. A child usually has nothing but time and energy. This means you'll have to be more efficient in your practice, and cut out all non-essential activities.\n* You're starting from zero. A child can learn a piece of music in a few days that would take you months to learn. This means you have to be patient and accept that you'll be playing nursery rhymes for a while.\n\nOn the other hand, you have some advantages over a child:\n\n* You can understand more abstract concepts. This means you can learn more efficiently, and don't have to rely on muscle memory as much.\n* You have a greater capacity for focused concentration. A child's attention span is very short. This means you can get more done in a single practice session.\n* You have a better sense of dedication and perseverance. A child will give up the moment it becomes difficult. You, on the other hand, will stubbornly keep trying until you succeed. This will get you through the initial stages much faster.\n\nThe conclusion is that it's not too late for you to learn the piano, but it will take a lot of effort and discipline. If you're willing to put in the work, you will succeed.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the weather today?", + "input": "", + "output": "I am sorry, but I am not programmed to have access to real-time information, such as the weather and stock information. Feel free to ask me something else.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm looking for a new science fiction book to read, and I hear that Andy Weir is pretty good. Tell about his novels, and explain why I should choose to read each one.", + "input": "", + "output": "Andy Weir has written some best-selling books in science fiction. Here is a list of Weir's three most critically-acclaimed works, including a short description and explanation for why you might want to read them:\n\n###The Martian\nDescription: An American astronaut, Mark Watney, becomes stranded alone on Mars in 2035, and must improvise in order to survive.\nWhy Read: The Martian features technical details worthy of a hard sci-fi novel with comical writing and a healthy amount of suspense. It won the Hugo Award and was adapted into a blockbuster movie.\n\n###Artemis\nDescription: Artemis takes place in the late 2080s in Artemis, the first and so far only city on the Moon. It follows the life of porter and smuggler Jasmine \"Jazz\" Bashara as she gets caught up in a conspiracy for control of the city.\nWhy Read: The novel combines the thrill of a heist with the right amount of scientific geekery associated with living on the moon. It won the Dragon Award for Best Science Fiction Novel.\n\n###Project Hail Mary\nDescription: Set in the near future, Project Hail Mary centers on middle school teacher-turned-astronaut Ryland Grace, who wakes up from a coma afflicted with amnesia. He gradually remembers that he was sent to the Tau Ceti solar system, 12 light-years from Earth, to find a means of reversing a solar dimming event that could cause the extinction of humanity.\nWhy Read: Project Hail Mary is a science fiction masterpiece. It won the Hugo Award and is being adapted into a movie.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you write C# code that can find the proper placement of queens on a chessboard?", + "input": "", + "output": "The puzzle known as N queens is a problem that involves placing N chess queens on an N×N chessboard such that no two queens are capable of threatening each other. This means that a valid solution must ensure that no two queens are positioned on the same row, column, or diagonal of the board.\n\n```\n// C# code to for n Queen placement\nusing System;\n\nclass GfG\n{\n static void breakLine()\n {\n Console.Write(\"\\n---------------------------------\\n\");\n }\n\n // maximum size of the chessboard\n static int MAX = 10;\n\n // array to store queen placements\n static int[] arr = new int[MAX];\n\n // variable to count the number of solutions found\n static int no;\n\n // recursive function to find solutions\n static void nQueens(int k, int n)\n {\n // try all possible positions for queen in the current row\n for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)\n {\n // check if queen can be placed at the current position\n if (canPlace(k, i))\n {\n // place the queen at the current position\n arr[k] = i;\n\n // if all queens are placed, display the solution\n if (k == n)\n {\n display(n);\n }\n else\n {\n // recursively try to place remaining queens\n nQueens(k + 1, n);\n }\n }\n }\n }\n\n // helper function to check if queen can be placed at the current position\n static bool canPlace(int k, int i)\n {\n for (int j = 1; j <= k - 1; j++)\n {\n // check if queen is already placed in the same column or diagonal\n if (arr[j] == i || (Math.Abs(arr[j] - i) == Math.Abs(j - k)))\n {\n return false;\n }\n }\n return true;\n }\n\n // function to display the solution\n static void display(int n)\n {\n breakLine();\n Console.Write(\"Arrangement No. \" + ++no);\n breakLine();\n\n for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)\n {\n for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)\n {\n // print '_' for empty cell and 'Q' for cell with queen\n if (arr[i] != j)\n {\n Console.Write(\"\\t_\");\n }\n else\n {\n Console.Write(\"\\tQ\");\n }\n }\n Console.WriteLine(\"\");\n }\n\n breakLine();\n }\n\n // Driver code to initialize the problem and call the recursive function\n public static void Main(String[] args)\n {\n int n = 4; // size of the chessboard\n nQueens(1, n);\n }\n}\n```\n\nThe above code will print the following output:\n```\n---------------------------------\nArrangement No. 1\n---------------------------------\n _ Q _ _\n _ _ _ Q\n Q _ _ _\n _ _ Q _\n\n---------------------------------\n\n---------------------------------\nArrangement No. 2\n---------------------------------\n _ _ Q _\n Q _ _ _\n _ _ _ Q\n _ Q _ _\n\n---------------------------------\n```\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What gives rise to musical ability, biologically speaking?", + "input": "", + "output": "Based on a 2015 article from Nature Scientific Reports, many genes are \"turned on\" when performing a complex musical piece.\nThese genes are related to muscle control, neural flexibility and growth, and even to the pleasure center in the brain.\nInterestingly, variants of about a third of these genes were also previously identified as relating to song production and perception in songbirds.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In my room, I regularly have clothes that are clean enough not to go in the laundry, but not enough to go back in the wardrobe/closet. For example, a pair of jeans I wore yesterday, or a hoodie I slept in in the last few days. I currently put such clothes on a chair, but it usually just ends up as a pile of clothes.\n\nI am looking for a better alternative for keeping these clothes easily accessible, preferably one that looks less messy and occupies less space than a chair.", + "input": "", + "output": "To keep you clothes easily accessible and less messy, one option is getting an IVAR side panel from IKEA.\nLean it against a wall at a slight angle and put these “limbo” clothes over the horizontal bars.\nIt comes in different sizes, and stands almost entirely flat against the wall if you don't use it. If you want it hidden, it usually fits behind a door pretty well.\nIn addition, it will also look rather unique compared to most people’s clothes-chair solution.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What would have happened if Ming dynasty China crossed the Pacific and settled the Americas during the 15th Century? Discuss the exact details of how something like this could happen and how it would effect history up to the present day.", + "input": "", + "output": "If Ming dynasty China had crossed the Pacific and settled the Americas during the 15th century, history as we know it would have been dramatically altered. Here is one speculation of how such a scenario might have unfolded and its potential repercussions up to the present day.\n\nReal History: In the early 1400s, the Ming dynasty, under Emperor Yongle, carried out ambitious naval expeditions led by Admiral Zheng He, who explored and established trade relations across the Indian Ocean and as far west as Africa.\n\nHypothetical Scenario: In this alternate history, Zheng He's fleet ventures further eastward, crossing the Pacific Ocean and reaching present-day California.\n\nHow does this scenario play out?\n\n* Upon discovering the Americas, the Chinese encounter indigenous civilizations and establish trading relations with them. This leads to the establishment of Chinese settlements along the Pacific coast of the Americas. Chinese settlers import advanced technologies, including gunpowder, paper, printing, and agricultural practices, transforming the lives of indigenous peoples. At the same time, the introduction of Old World diseases decimates indigenous populations, akin to the Columbian exchange in our timeline.\n\n* Over the 1500s and 1600s, hybrid Chinese-indigenous societies form throughout the Americas, forming unique cultures, languages, and religions. The trans-Pacific trade between China and its colonies sparks an economic golden age in China, making it the richest empire on Earth. By reinvesting its newfound wealth in its military, the Ming dynasty does not collapse as in our timeline, instead becoming the number one naval power in the world.\n\n* In parallel, Europeans do eventually arrive in the Americas and settle parts of the Atlantic coast. Contact between Chinese and European colonies, particularly in Central America, ignites a series of local conflicts, culminating in an acknowledgement of Chinese sovereignty over modern-day Mexico in exchange for civil and cultural rights for indigenous peoples and European settlers, enforced through a non-interventionist policy of the Chinese colonial government. By creating the world’s first de facto multicultural territory, this agreement facilitates a steady flow of goods, technologies, and ideas between Chinese, European, and indigenous cultures, influencing humanistic ideologies that spread throughout the New World.\n\n* Throughout the 1700s and 1800s, a unique American identity emerges from the multicultural melting pot, based on universal humanist values. This new generation of Americans finds itself at odds with Old World notions of national identity and monarchy, and eventually rebel against Chinese, European, and other external influences. Some colonies gain independence during this period, while other territories are annexed by the newly-independent American countries over the following century.\n\n* By the present day, the American continents host nations that are independent of their original Old World colonies, much like in our timeline, though they differ in geographical borders and ethno-cultural composition. China is more powerful and prosperous in this timeline, having benefited from its American colonies for three centuries.\n\nTo conclude, had Ming dynasty China crossed the Pacific and settled the Americas in the 15th century, history would have been significantly different. It is important to remember that the scenario presented here is purely hypothetical, and that the actual historical events followed a different path, with European powers ultimately dominating the colonization of the New World.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How do you learn to play the guitar?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are several ways to learn how to play the guitar, including: \n\n* Taking lessons from a teacher who can help you learn and give personalized tips based on your level.\n* Using online videos and tutorials that offer free lessons and exercises for beginners.\n* Practicing independently using books or websites that teach basic techniques and songs.\n\nIt is important to remember that learning to play an instrument takes time and practice, so be patient with yourself and don't get discouraged if you don't see progress right away.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the genetic significance of humans being either left-handed or right-handed?", + "input": "", + "output": "Handedness is a very interesting phenomenon, but it is not as simple as being either left or right handed.\nIn most people the brain is asymmetrical, with some functions, such as language, being localised to one hemisphere. In most people this is the left hemisphere, which leads to these people being right handed as they use their dominant hand to perform tasks involving fine motor control, such as writing. Left handed people have their language centres in the right hemisphere, and while they may perform other tasks with their left hand they can often do tasks involving fine motor control with either hand.\nThere are also people who are truly ambidextrous, capable of performing tasks with either hand equally well. These people, while rare, do not have brains that are symmetrical, but have developed connections between the two hemispheres that allow them to access both motor cortices.\nThe genetics of handedness are complex and not well understood. There does appear to be a genetic component, but it is not straightforward. Identical twins who are brought up in the same environment are not always both left or right handed, suggesting that environmental factors also play a role.\nOne of the most interesting things about handedness is how early it becomes apparent. Children as young as two years old can be assessed for handedness, and it is very rare for a child's handedness to change over time. This suggests that it is very strongly influenced by genetics, with environmental factors playing a minor role.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write an abstract for a machine learning paper that shows how to train a chatbot by fine-tuning a pretrained language model on 1000 carefully curated examples.", + "input": "", + "output": "Language models have shown impressive results through a combination of unsupervised training, large scale instruction tuning, and reinforcement learning. We explore the relative importance of these approaches by fine-tuning a language model on only 1000 high-quality examples, and demonstrate remarkably strong performance. The training data comprises of carefully curated examples from [add sources]. We find that with only a handful of demonstrations, the model can quickly learn to follow specific answer formats, answering complex queries from planning trip itineraries to speculating about alternative histories. In a controlled human study, we observe that our simple approach brings the model to the same level of performance as industry-grade chatbots. These results support a hypothesis that almost all knowledge in large language models is learnt during pre-training, and only limited instruction tuning data is necessary to teach models to focus on modes corresponding to high quality outputs.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make a lesson plan to accommodate all of the learning difficulties in the classroom?", + "input": "", + "output": "It's important to note that accommodating all learning styles is not possible. If it was, schools would have to hire one teacher for each learning style, and that's not practical. Furthermore, there is little research that shows that accommodating learning styles improves student performance.\nThat being said, it is important to accommodate different learning needs. You can try to do this when you create a lesson plan to keep the students engaged:\n\n* Have clear objectives for each lesson and making sure to review these objectives before starting the lesson (this helps students know what is expected of them)\n* Have variety of activities to help students practice the skills being learned (this helps students with different learning styles practice the skills)\n* Have some flexibility in how the activities are completed (this helps students with different learning styles complete the activities in a way that works for them)\n* Have some extra help time built into the lesson to allow students to ask questions and receive extra help if needed (this helps all students, but especially those with learning difficulties)\n* Give students opportunities to work with each other to practice the skills (this helps all students, but especially those with learning difficulties)\n* Provide extra practice outside of class (this helps all students, but especially those with learning difficulties)\n\nI hope this helps!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have a 7yo son. What are some outdoor activities and nature-focused projects we can do together?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are some outdoor activities and nature-focused projects you could try to do together, some of which require little or no preparation:\n\n* Go on nature walks and look for different kinds of trees, leaves, and flowers. Look for different types of rocks and pick up interesting ones to look at closely. Take a bag to put interesting things in.\n* Go to a park and play on the swings, slide, and other equipment. Look for interesting trees, plants, and rocks.\n* Go to a local farm and see what's growing. Check out the animals if they have any (chickens, goats, pigs, horses, etc.).\n* Go geocaching with a handheld GPS. It's a high-tech version of a treasure hunt. You can find caches all over the place.\n* Go hiking. Find a local trail and go for a walk.\n* Play in a stream or pond. Look for different types of rocks and minerals. Look for fish and other critters.\n* Build a fort in the woods. Use sticks and leaves to decorate it.\n* Go rock climbing at a local climbing gym. Find a bouldering area if they have one. It's a fun way to climb without the risk of falling very far.\n* Have a picnic lunch in the woods.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I need to complain to HR about how my boss has been treating me. Write me an email.", + "input": "", + "output": "Subject: Complaint Regarding [Issue]\n\nDear HR Manager,\n\nI am writing this email to bring to your attention an issue that I have been having with my boss, [Boss' Name]. Over the past few months, [Explain the problem in detail, including any relevant dates and names]. This has negatively affected my ability to perform my duties at work, and has created a hostile environment for me in the office.\n\nUnfortunately, I feel that this situation cannot be resolved without intervention from HR. Please consider this my formal complaint against [Boss' Name], and let me know what steps I need to take next to ensure that this matter is addressed appropriately. Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.\n\nSincerely,\n[Your Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have a very long integer given as a string. Can you implement a bare-bones Python function that checks whether the number is divisible by 3?", + "input": "", + "output": "Since the given number may be too large to fit into a built-in number type and apply the modulo (%) operator, we will rely on the divisibility rule for 3:\n> A number is completely divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.\n\nHere is a Python implementation of this divisibility test:\n\n# Python program to find if a number is\n```\ndef div3(num) :\n # Compute sum of digits\n remainder = 0\n for digit in num:\n remainder += int(digit)\n remainder %= 3\n return (remainder == 0)\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you help me write a touching and compelling AD for a cozy cocktail bar?", + "input": "", + "output": "At [Bar Name], we aim to offer a distinctive and unforgettable experience that is both comforting and tranquil. Our cozy cocktail bar provides a perfect getaway for you to relax and indulge in some quality time with your loved ones or friends.\n\nUpon entering, you will be transported to a different realm, thanks to the warm and welcoming environment created by the soft lighting, comfortable seating, and ambiance. Our cocktail menu is curated with premium spirits and ingredients, carefully combined to offer you unique and flavorful creations.\n\nBeyond being just a cocktail bar, we are devoted to crafting moments that will last a lifetime, whether you're celebrating a special event or unwinding with friends. Our staff is dedicated to delivering a memorable and exceptional experience that you will cherish.\n\nAt [Bar Name], we believe that life is about seizing the breath-taking moments, and our goal is to create those moments every day. Join us and let us take you on a journey to a world of intimacy and everlasting memories.\n\nWe look forward to your visit at [Bar Name].", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Extract the summer olympics host city election results from the article in the table format.\n\nThe International Olympic Committee (IOC) voted to select the host city of the 2020 Summer Olympics on 7 September 2013, at the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires, Argentina, using an exhaustive ballot system. In the first round, Japan won 42 votes, but Madrid and Istanbul were tied for second place with 26 votes each, so a runoff vote was held to determine which of the two cities would be eliminated. Istanbul beat Madrid 49-45 and advanced to the final. The final vote was a head-to-head contest between Tokyo and Istanbul. Tokyo was selected by 60 votes to 36, gaining at least the 49 votes required for a majority.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the table that summarizes the summer olympics host city election results:\n\n| City | Team | Round 1 | Runoff | Round 2 |\n|----------|-------|-------|------|-------|\n| Tokyo | Japan | 42 | - | 60 |\n| Istanbul | Turkey| 26 | 49 | 36 |\n| Madrid | Spain | 26 | 45 | - |", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you give an example of drawing a line graph in Python?", + "input": "", + "output": "[Matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org/) is arguably the most popular graphing and data visualization library for Python. Below is a working example of using Matplotlib to draw a plot.\n\nFirst of all, you’ll need to install the Matplotlib package. The easiest way to install matplotlib is to use pip. Type following command in terminal: \n```\npip install matplotlib\n```\n\nNow we are ready to draw a line graph, and here is an example of how we can achieve this.\n\n```\n# Importing the required module\nimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n\n# Define x-axis and y-axis values\nx_values = [1, 2, 3]\ny_values = [2, 4, 1]\n\n# Create a figure and a set of subplots\nfig, ax = plt.subplots()\n\n# Plot the points\nax.plot(x_values, y_values)\n\n# Set x-axis label\nax.set_xlabel('X-Axis')\n\n# Set y-axis label\nax.set_ylabel('Y-Axis')\n\n# Set title\nax.set_title('My First Graph')\n\n# Display the plot\nplt.show()\n\n```\n\nAfter executing the above code, the graph will be displayed.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you tell me a joke that might not be obvious in first glance?", + "input": "", + "output": "A woman is sitting at her recently deceased husband’s funeral. A man leans in to her and asks, \"Do you mind if I say a word?\"\n\"No, go right ahead,\" the woman replies.\nThe man stands, clears his throat, says \"Plethora,\" and sits back down.\n\"Thanks,\" the woman says, \"that means a lot.\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why is death penalty good for society?", + "input": "", + "output": "The dealth penalty is a highly controversial topic and the opinions of different people vary a lot. Proponents who argue that the death penalty is needed as retribution argue that “an eye for an eye” is appropriate, that the punishment should match the crime, and that the penalty is needed as a moral balance to the wrong done by the criminal. Opponents who argue that the death penalty is not needed as retribution argue that reformative justice is more productive, that innocent people are often killed in the search for retribution, and that “an eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.” Proponents who argue that the death penalty is a moral punishment state that “an eye for an eye” is justified to promote a good and just society than shuns evil. Opponents who argue that the death penalty is an immoral punishment state that humans should not kill other humans, no matter the reasons, because killing is killing. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Help me design an app that automatically decides which pizza to order when a group of friends meet.", + "input": "", + "output": "Ordering a pizza in a large group can be tricky, especially if there are varying preferences and dietary constraints. To address this problem, here is a proposal of an automatic pizza ordering app named AutoSlice. AutoSlice is installed on each user's phone, and contains each user's manually configured preferences (e.g. toppings, number of slices, allergies, etc.), which can be adapted in real time when ordering. One user (the host) starts an order and invite the other users to join. The app also uses location services to find nearby pizzerias from which to build a recommended order. Once the order is confirmed, the host can then distribute the bill automatically to each user, or decide to pay for everyone.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Show me five Sci-Fi movies in 2015.", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure, here are five Sci-Fi movies released in 2015:\n\n1. The Martian: This movie is about an astronaut who is stranded on Mars after his team assumes him dead. He has to rely on his ingenuity to find a way to signal to Earth that he is alive and can survive until a potential rescue.\n\n2. Mad Max: Fury Road: This movie is set in a post-apocalyptic wasteland, where a woman rebels against a tyrannical ruler in search for her homeland with the aid of a group of female prisoners, a psychotic worshiper and a drifter named Max.\n\n3. Ant-Man: In the film, Scott Lang (Ant-Man) Lang, armed with a super-suit with the astonishing ability to shrink in scale but increase in strength, must help defend Pym's Ant-Man shrinking technology and plot a heist with worldwide ramifications.\n\n4. The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 2: Teamed with a group of her closest friends, the heroine Katniss goes off on a mission with the unit from District 13 to liberate the citizens of Panem, and stage an assassination attempt on President Snow who has become obsessed with destroying her.\n\n5. Jurassic World: This movie is about a theme park of cloned dinosaurs, dubbed Jurassic World, plunges into chaos when a transgenic dinosaur escapes from its enclosure, and goes on a rampage, while a conspiracy orchestrated by the park's staff creates more dangers.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Here is a newsflash I just got:\n> Spontaneous riots at night in Tel Aviv following the firing of Defense Minister Yoav Gallant.\nWhat questions should I be asking to better understand the situation?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are a few questions that may be worth researching to better understand the current situation in Tel Aviv:\n* What are the circumstances in which the riots erupted?\n* Why was Defense Minister Yoav Gallant fired?\n* Are the riots happening only in Tel Aviv or elsewhere too?\n* What is the prime minister's response to the situation?\n* Is anybody hurt or is there any damage to property?\n* What was so controversial about firing the Minister of Defense that it encited riots?\n* How is the police responding to the riots?", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I feel chest pain, what should I do?", + "input": "", + "output": "Chest pain is never something to ignore. There are many things that could be causing it, and some of them are very serious, including heart problems, lung conditions, digestive issues, and others.\n\nIf you have a history of heart problems or related disease, call emergency services (911 in the US) immediately. Do not try to drive yourself to the hospital. Before the ambulance comes, here are a few things you could do:\n\n* Take a deep breath and count to 3. This will help relax you and slow your heart rate. \n* Lie down in a comfortable position. \n* Loosen your clothing, particularly your shirt. This will allow your heart to cool. \n* Take an over-the-counter aspirin tablet, unless you are allergic to aspirin or have been told by your doctor not to take it. This can help thin blood and prevent clots from forming. \n* Monitor your pulse. If you feel your pulse getting faster or slower, this is a sign your heart is in trouble. Tell the paramedics when they arrive. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "why do people walk and talk in their sleep?", + "input": "", + "output": "The cause of sleepwalking is unknown. A number of, as yet unproven, hypotheses are suggested for why it might occur, including: delay in the maturity of the central nervous system, increased slow wave sleep, sleep deprivation, fever, and excessive tiredness. There may be a genetic component to sleepwalking. One study found that sleepwalking occurred in 45% of children who have one parent who sleepwalked, and in 60% of children if both parents sleepwalked. Thus, heritable factors may predispose an individual to sleepwalking, but expression of the behavior may also be influenced by environmental factors.\n\nSleepwalking has been hypothesized to be linked to the neurotransmitter serotonin, which also appears to be metabolized differently in migraine patients and people with Tourette syndrome, both populations being four to nine times more likely to experience an episode of sleepwalking. Hormonal fluctuations have been found to contribute to sleepwalking episodes in women, with the likeliness to sleepwalk being higher before the onset of menstruation. It also appears that hormonal changes during pregnancy decrease the likelihood of engaging in sleepwalking.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Am I the asshole for not telling my girlfriend that my parents are gay?", + "input": "", + "output": "Whether or not you are an asshole depends on the dynamics of your relationship and the specific context. Here are some points you may consider when reflecting on the situation:\n\n* Personal choice of disclosure. Whether or not to disclose your parents’ sexual orientation is your personal choice. You may have had valid reasons for not sharing this information with your girlfriend earlier, such as respecting your parents’ privacy and not finding a good time to bring this up. \n* Your girlfriend’s expectation. Depending on the level of closeness in your relationship, your girlfriend may expect certain levels of openness and honesty. If you have been in a higher level of intimacy, she may expect you to share your personal information including your family status with her. She may feel deceived or hurt if she discovers that you withheld information about your parents’ sexual orientation. \n* Your girlfriend’s attitude towards LGBTQ+. If your girlfriend is supportive of the LGBTQ+ group, she may feel uncomfortable with your non-disclosure of your parents’ sexual orientation, as she might feel her values were questioned and you failed to respect her values. \n* Reflection on your motivation. Take a moment to reflect on your motivations of not disclosing your parents’ sexual orientations to your girlfriend. Did you hide from her intentionally? Or were you worried about your girlfriend’s reactions to your disclosure? Reflecting on your intentions will help you better understand how your actions may have affected your relationship. \n\nTo sum up, while it’s up to you to decide what information you want to share with your partner, understanding the dynamics of your relationship and reflecting on how the situation developed is important. It is normal for relationships to experience conflicts because it often serves as a learning curve for both parties. You can resolve conflicts by voicing your worries and thoughts, having open and honest communication with your girlfriend and being clear about what you want, etc.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How should I name an anthropomorphic toothbrush? I need a cute name for a children's book I'm writing.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are some naming suggestions for a kid-friendly character who is a toothbrush:\n* Sparkle McSmiles\n* Minton Brushley\n* Dr. Brushenfloss\n* Grin Gumton\n* Smiles Molares", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write an email to my Natural Language Processing professor asking for help on a homework assignment on transformers. Specifically, I don't understand the difference between encoders and decoders.", + "input": "", + "output": "Subject: Question about Transformers\n\nDear Professor [Last Name],\n\nMy name is [Your Name], and I am a student in your Natural Language Processing course. I have been thoroughly enjoying the lessons so far!\n\nWhile working on the current assignment, I found that I do not fully understand the difference between transformer encoders and decoders. Could you possibly clarify this point in the context of our homework assignment?\n\nThank you for your time,\n[Your Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why do we cover our mouth when we cough or sneeze?", + "input": "", + "output": "One reason is to prevent droplet infection. When you cough or sneeze, droplets are expelled from your mouth which can infect others if they come into contact with them. By covering your mouth, you reduce the number of droplets in the air.\nAnother reason is to prevent the spread of germs on surfaces. When you cough or sneeze, germs are expelled from your mouth which can then be transferred to surfaces that you touch. By covering your mouth, you reduce the amount of germs that are transferred to surfaces.\nThese two effects together reduce the spread of infection.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a story where every sentence begins with the same word.", + "input": "", + "output": "She heard the doorbell ring. She walked downstairs and looked through the peephole. She saw Tyrese. She covered the peephole with her hand, and said, \"Nobody home!\" She blushed, remembering that she owed Tyrese a list of five different ways to start sentences or she'd have to give him something else. She really, really didn't want to part with K-pop albums. She'd have to figure out something—and fast. She might have to plagiarize again. She'd done it before. She'd taken a few sentences from a subreddit, one where no one would ever believe anyone would steal from. She could do it again. She had it in her.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you help me make a boulder training plan for me to climb better?", + "input": "", + "output": "Numerous effective training plans are available, tailored to your experience and abilities. This 3-Stage Accumulation Cycle training plan is designed for intermediate boulderers, and can be beneficial for most climbers. The phase focuses on gradually increasing training volume while aiming for moderate gains in strength and power throughout the cycle.\n\nAccumulation:\n\nWeek 1:\n2x challenging bouldering (45 min)\n1x volume-focused bouldering (60 min)\n1x hangboard strength training (30 min)\n1x hangboard repeaters (30 min)\n1x system training – limiters (60 min)\n2x power resistance sessions (45 min)\n\nWeeks 2-4:\nMaintain the same format, increasing total work each week.\n\nWeek 5:\nReduce workload as needed, likely to the volume of week 2.\n\nWeek 6:\n3x challenging bouldering (45 min)\n1x volume-focused bouldering (60 min)\n1x hangboard strength training (20 min)\n1x hangboard repeaters (30 min)\n1x system training – limiters (40 min)\n2x strength-endurance RT sessions (45 min)\n1x PE climbing session (45 min)\n\nWeeks 7,8:\nMaintain the same format, increasing total work each week.\n\nIntensity:\n\nWeek 1:\n3x challenging bouldering (45 min)\n1x hangboard strength training (30 min)\n1x system training – tension (40 min)\n2x strength resistance sessions (30 min)\n\nWeeks 2,3:\nFollow week 1 format, aiming to increase training load/difficulty each week.\n\nPeak:\n\nWeeks 1-3:\nIntense bouldering with adequate rest as needed. Most effective with 3-4 short sessions per week.\nIn summary, the plan involves performing as many exercises as possible in the initial weeks, followed by more challenging exercises, and eventually even more difficult exercises with increased rest periods. Keep in mind that this is just an example and not a prescribed training program. Your plan should be tailored to your current abilities, rather than your desired level.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How can I cheat on my husband and definitely not get caught?", + "input": "", + "output": "It is unethical to cheat on your husband and it could cause serious consequences to your spouse, your relationship, and your family. If you are experiencing difficulty in your marriage, it is important to communicate with your other half and work together to find a solution. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Please draft a Call for Papers for an academic conference on machine learning, ICML 2023.", + "input": "", + "output": "Call for Papers: ICML 2023\n\nThe 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2023) will be held in [Location] [Date 1] - [Date 2], 2023, and is planned to be an in person conference with virtual elements. In addition to the main conference sessions, the conference will also include Expo, Tutorials, and Workshops. Please submit proposals to the appropriate chairs.\n\nWe invite submissions of papers on all topics related to machine learning for the main conference proceedings. All papers will be reviewed in a double-blind process and accepted papers will be presented at the conference. As with last year, papers need to be prepared and submitted as a single file: 8 pages as main paper, with unlimited pages for references and appendix. There will be no separate deadline for the submission of supplementary material. In addition, we require that, barring exceptional circumstances (such as visa problems) upon the acceptance of their papers, at least one of the authors must attend the conference, in person.\n\nTopics of interest include (but are not limited to):\n\n* General Machine Learning (active learning, clustering, online learning, ranking, reinforcement learning, supervised, semi- and self-supervised learning, time series analysis, etc.)\n* Deep Learning (architectures, generative models, deep reinforcement learning, etc.)\n* Learning Theory (bandits, game theory, statistical learning theory, etc.)\n* Optimization (convex and non-convex optimization, matrix/tensor methods, stochastic, online, non-smooth, composite, etc.)\n* Probabilistic Inference (Bayesian methods, graphical models, Monte Carlo methods, etc.)\n* Trustworthy Machine Learning (accountability, causality, fairness, privacy, robustness, etc.)\n* Applications (computational biology, crowdsourcing, healthcare, neuroscience, social good, climate science, etc.)\n\nImportant Dates:\n\nSubmission deadline: [Date and Time].\nNotification of acceptance: [Date and Time].\nConference dates: [Date and Time].\n\nSubmission Guidelines:\n\nDouble-Blind Review:\nAll submissions must be anonymized and may not contain any information with the intention or consequence of violating the double-blind reviewing policy, including (but not limited to) citing previous works of the authors or sharing links in a way that can infer any author’s identity or institution, actions that reveal the identities of the authors to potential reviewers.\n\nAuthors are allowed to post versions of their work on preprint servers such as arXiv. They are also allowed to give talks to restricted audiences on the work(s) submitted to ICML during the review. If you have posted or plan to post a non-anonymized version of your paper online before the ICML decisions are made, the submitted version must not refer to the non-anonymized version.\n\nICML strongly discourages advertising the preprint on social media or in the press while under submission to ICML. Under no circumstances should your work be explicitly identified as ICML submission at any time during the review period, i.e., from the time you submit the paper to the communication of the accept/reject decisions.\n\nDual Submission:\nIt is not appropriate to submit papers that are identical (or substantially similar) to versions that have been previously published, accepted for publication, or submitted in parallel to other conferences or journals. Such submissions violate our dual submission policy, and the organizers have the right to reject such submissions, or to remove them from the proceedings. Note that submissions that have been or are being presented at workshops do not violate the dual-submission policy, as long as there’s no associated archival publication.\n\nReviewing Criteria:\nAccepted papers must be based on original research and must contain novel results of significant interest to the machine learning community. Results can be either theoretical or empirical. Results will be judged on the degree to which they have been objectively established and/or their potential for scientific and technological impact. Reproducibility of results and easy availability of code will be taken into account in the decision-making process whenever appropriate.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I want to write a software design document for a new product `Chateval`, which can make it easier to evaluate generative AI systems (e.g., chatgpt and claude). Chateval can (1) provide many evaluation scenarios, from text writing to code and math, and (2) support many evaluation metrics, e.g. helpfulness, relevance and factuality. It not only provides developers with optimization directions, but also helps users use generative ai products such as chatgpt more reliably. Please help me finish the document that follows the structure: [Overview], [Goals], [Use Cases], [API Design], [Milestones], [Open Questions], [People].", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure, here is a software design document for your product – Chateval.\n\n[Overview]\nA major challenge facing current \"generative AI'' systems is the difficulty of determining their performance in a systematic manner, particularly for high-quality models. For example, it’s hard to quantitatively discriminate between two famous chatbots: ChatGPT and Claude. Therefore, we really need an evaluation tool that can help us automate the characterization of generative AI systems.\nChateval has two main functions that can assist with the development and evaluation of generative AI systems.\n* Support comprehensive evaluation suits: Chateval provides more than 50 different evaluation scenarios, ranging from copywriting, coding, math and safety detection. Generative AI system developers can flexibly choose what they’re interested in.\n* Support rich evaluation metrics: Chateval provides a wealth of metrics that can be used to evaluate generated texts from different criteria, such as helpfulness, relevance, factuality etc.\n\n[Goals]\nDevelop an evaluation tool for generative AI so that both developers and general users can benefit from it.\n\n[Use Cases]\nThere are several potential use scenarios for Chateval:\n\n# Reveal Limitations of Generative AI systems\nChateval can be particularly valuable to developers who are working on an AI system but are uncertain of its weaknesses. With the aid of Chateval, these developers can swiftly pinpoint the system's flaws and suggest the appropriate corrective measures.\n\n# Provide Reliability Score for Users\nChateval can be utilized by users who are uncertain about the reliability (e.g. factuality) of the output generated by a generative AI product. It can offer confidence scores for various functionalities to assess the credibility of the results.\n\n[API Design]\nThis is a basic design of the API for evaluation:\n# Evaluate in terms of write_email scenario\n```\nfrom chateval import load\nscenario = load(\"../scenarios/write_email\")\npredictions = [\n \"My name is [name], and I am currently a student in your [class name].\",\n]\nprint(scenario.evaluate(predictions))\n```\n# Evaluate Single System with Chateval Metric\n```\nfrom chateval.metrics import get_metric\ndataset = [{\"input\": \"write a movie review of Titanic\"}]\npredictions = [\n 'James Cameron\\'s 1997 epic romantic disaster film \"Titanic\" tells the '\n]\nmetric = get_metric(\"generic_likert/helpfulness\")\nresults = metric.compute(dataset, predictions)\nprint(results)\n\n```\n[Milestones]\n* 1 month: Implement crowdsourable framework for Chateval\n* 1 week: Collect benchmark datasets for evaluation scenarios\n* 2 weeks: Implement model-based and model-free evaluation metrics\n* 2 - 3 weeks: Use Chateval to evaluate existing popular chatbots\n\n[Open Questions]\n* How to design a user-friendly interface?\n* How to support more diverse chatbots\n\n[People]\n* [Name 1]\n* [Name 2]\n* [Name 3]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How do I concatenate multiple text files in Python?", + "input": "", + "output": "For large files:\n```\nfilenames = ['file1.txt', 'file2.txt', ...]\nwith open('path/to/output/file', 'w') as outfile: \n for fname in filenames: \n with open(fname) as infile: \n for line in infile: \n outfile.write(line)\n```\nFor small files:\n```\nfilenames = ['file1.txt', 'file2.txt', ...]\nwith open('path/to/output/file', 'w') as outfile:\n for fname in filenames:\n with open(fname) as infile:\n outfile.write(infile.read())\n```\nHope this helps!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I want to buy a used car in Santa Clara. Should I buy a Honda Civic or a Toyota Prius?", + "input": "", + "output": "The Honda Civic and the Toyota Prius are two of the most trusted compact sedans available today. While they are both considered excellent vehicles, there are some nuances that may be worth pointing out:\n\n* Engine: The Prius has a hybrid engine, meaning it uses both gas and battery power to achieve higher fuel efficiency than the Civic.\n* Form: The Prius is a hatchback, while the Civic is a sedan, giving the Prius some more room in the trunk.\n* Price: A new Civic is typically priced a few thousand dollars less than a new Prius, when controlling for trim.\n\nOverall, both the Civic and the Prius are considered excellent cars, and the one that fits best for you will depend on your personal priorities and needs.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm writing an alternate history fiction novel, in which Stalin democratizes and liberalizes the Soviet Union following WW2. Give me some ideas for possible characters in the story.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are some possible characters in an alternate history fiction novel set in a liberal-democratic Soviet Union:\n\n* Alexey Zhukov - son of legendary WW2 general Zhukov. Alexey starts off as an advocate for returning to a more autocratic-militaristic form of government, following the difficult transition from totalitarianism to liberal democracy that caused his father to lose his political power and respect. His ideology comes into question as he falls in love with an American tourist.\n\n* Barbara Samuels (real name: Jane Winchester) - a British spy (MI6) working in Moscow. Barbara poses as an American tourist, while influencing reactionist Soviet politicians to endorse a more moderate world view by any means necessary.\n\n* Vasily Rubinov - a Soviet entrepreneur living in Moscow. Over the decade preceding the story, Vasily has made use of new liberties and Western capital to transform his father's local shoe repair shop into a world-class apparel manufacturer. At the same time, Vasily struggles with rising antisemitism and reactionary politics that threaten his new way of life, as he becomes the reluctant defender of liberal values and the newly-formed fledgling bourgeoisie.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What't the best time to ski in Colorado?", + "input": "", + "output": "Colorado is one of the best places to ski in North America. The scenery is stunning, the powder is perfect, and the skies are blue. The best conditions for skiing in Colorado is typically between mid-January and mid-March, when the snow on the mountains is at its deepest. The main downside of planning a ski vacation during this time is that you're probably not the only one who wants to enjoy Colorado skiing at its finest. If you do plan to take your ski vacation during this period, consider booking one of the larger resorts or perhaps avoid scheduling it on national holidays and school breaks.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Planning a trip to Europe in October. What are the best things to see and do?", + "input": "", + "output": "October is one of the best times to visit and explore Europe as it offers a great weather condition along with a low tourist season. Europe offers a number of stunning places to explore and a number of activities to do and make the most of the holiday.\n\nHere are a few of things to do in Europe in October:\n\n* The Frankfurt Book Fair in Germany is on in October, the largest book fair in the world, and a great place to pick up a bargain.\n* If you are looking for fall foliage, consider visiting Scandinavia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, or parts of Austria or Italy. In these regions, you should be able to find leaf peeping tours and other excursions. \n* If you are interested in history and architecture, consider visiting Vienna, Prague, Budapest, or Rome. These cities are gorgeous at this time of year, and you can enjoy them without the summer crowds. If you are interested in Christmas markets, you may want to visit one of these cities (or Salzburg, Innsbruck, or other cities in Austria) in November. \n* Offering a hub of exquisite winemaking tradition that dates back to the Roman age, Portugal offers a UNESCO protected wine region, the Douro Valley and the Pico Island. Autumn is undoubtedly an ideal period to explore the world class destination of wine with its charming idyllic wineries, artisan markets and beautiful landscapes. \n* Iceland Airwaves held during October is one of the most entertaining music festivals and transforms delightful capital into a musical paradise. The festival has been designed to showcase and display some of the most entertaining international music talents from all over the world. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you create a Python program that can be used to download a video from YouTube?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is a methodical process for downloading YouTube videos using Python.\n\nStep 1: Step I: Install [Pytube](https://pytube.io/en/latest/index.html) using pip\n\n```\npip install pytube\n```\n\nStep 2: Use the pytube package in your script to download YouTube videos. Below is an example\n```\n# Import the YouTube class from pytube package.\nfrom pytube import YouTube\n\n# Create an object of YouTube bypassing the video URL\nyt = YouTube(\"\")\n\n# Use the filter method to specify the download format of the video\nmp4_files = yt.streams.filter(file_extension=\"mp4\")\n\n# Get the video you want by specifying the resolution\nmp4_369p_files = mp4_files.get_by_resolution(\"360p\")\n\n# Save the downloaded video to the local file system\nmp4_369p_files.download(\"\")\n``` \n\nThe video will be downloaded to ``.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you make a lesson plan for my math class about absolute value?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is a one-hour lesson plan for teaching absolute value to sixth-grade students.\n\n##Absolute Value\n\n###Prior Knowledge:\n* Students must be familiar with integers, opposites, and rational numbers.\n\n###Introduction: Review of Opposites (5 minutes):\n* Write a number line on the board. Intentionally leave out a few missing positive and negative numbers, but include 0 at the center.\n* Ask students to identify the missing numbers on the number line and write down on a sheet of paper.\n* Ask one or two students to come up to the board to write the missing numbers.\n* Select a point on the number line and ask a student to come up and show the opposite of that number on the line.\n\n###Teacher Instruction (10 minutes):\n* Show that opposites are the same distance from zero, but in different directions. Demonstrate with the opposites that the students labeled on the number line earlier.\n* Define the absolute value of a number as its distance from zero. Let students find the absolute values of the two opposites from the introduction.\n* Plot another point on the original number line. Ask students to find the absolute value of that number. Let one student explain their answer to the class.\n* Ask students if they notice a pattern about absolute value. Students should notice that absolute value is always positive.\n* Tell students that absolute value is also helpful for understanding real-world situations. Use an elevator example with the ground floor marked as zero. Ask students to measure the distance between underground or overground floors to the ground floor.\n\n###Guided Practice (10 minutes):\n* Provide students with an introductory absolute value worksheet. The worksheet should be as simple as possible.\n* Have students pair with partners to complete this worksheet. Check in on students while they work.\n\n###Independent Work (20 minutes)\n* Provide students with an absolute value word problems worksheet. This worksheet should help students connect absolute value to real-life situations.\n* Have students work independently on these word problems.\n\n###Assessment (10 minutes):\n* Ask students to find the absolute value of some numbers (e.g. -6, -3.5, 17) on a sheet of paper.\n* Write the temperatures -6°C, 1°C, and -3°C on the board. Ask students which is coldest.\n* Collect the students' answers to measure how well students understood this lesson.\n\n###Conclusion (5 minutes)\n* Let a student explain their answer to the temperature problem.\n* Ask students to define absolute value to their partner.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm a new web developer, and I want to build a web application using fastapi, could you create a minimal api service for me so that I can follow it to make further development?", + "input": "", + "output": "FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.7+ based on standard Python type hints. To create a web service using FastAPI, there are following steps you could follow:\n\nThe first step is to install FastAPI and Uvicorn using pip:\n```\npython -m pip install fastapi uvicorn[standard]\n```\nNow that you have installed FastAPI and Uvicorn, you are all set to begin learning how to use them. FastAPI serves as the framework for developing your API, while Uvicorn acts as the server that will use your API to handle incoming requests.\n\nNext, create the following files and folders in the \"backend\" folder:\n└── backend\n ├── main.py\n └── app\n ├── __init__.py\n └── api.py\n\nIn the main.py file, define an entry point for running the application:\n```\nimport uvicorn\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n uvicorn.run(\"app.api:app\", host=\"0.0.0.0\", port=8000, reload=True)\n```\nThe following is about how to set up a Uvicorn server to run on port 8000 and auto-reload upon changes to the file. Additionally, it provides guidance on creating a base route in the `backend/app/api.py` file prior to launching the server via the entry point file.\n\n```\nfrom fastapi import FastAPI\nfrom fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware\n\napp = FastAPI()\n\norigins = [\n \"http://localhost:3000\",\n \"localhost:3000\"\n]\n\n\napp.add_middleware(\n CORSMiddleware,\n allow_origins=origins,\n allow_credentials=True,\n allow_methods=[\"*\"],\n allow_headers=[\"*\"]\n)\n\n\n@app.get(\"/\", tags=[\"root\"])\nasync def read_root() -> dict:\n return {\"message\": \"Hello, world\"}\n\n```\n\nRun the entry point file with following shell command:\n```\npython main.py\n```\nJump to http://localhost:8000 in your browser. You could see:\n```\n{\n \"message\": \"Hello, world\"\n}\n```\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write an email to your team with the following subject: Team Offsite in Lake Tahoe!", + "input": "", + "output": "Subject: Team Offsite in Lake Tahoe!\n\nDear Team,\n\nWe are excited to announce our annual team offsite will be held at the Resort at Squaw Creek in beautiful Lake Tahoe from Monday, October 23rd through Wednesday, October 25th. This year’s theme is \"Building Bridges\" – building bridges across teams, functions, and geographies. The goal of this offsite is to foster greater collaboration among all of us as we continue to scale as a company.\n\nThe agenda will include team bonding activities, cross functional breakout sessions, and plenty of time to relax and enjoy the resort. More details about logistics and the agenda will follow but please save the date and plan to join us!\n\nThank you for your continued hard work and we look forward to celebrating our successes together in Lake Tahoe!\n\nBest regards,\n[Team Leadership]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How do you know if you're in a healthy relationship?", + "input": "", + "output": "It is important to understand that there is no \"one size fits all\" answer to your question. Every relationship is different, and there is no single way to define a \"healthy\" relationship.\n\nThat said, there are some general guidelines that you can use. One of the most important things to remember is that a healthy relationship is based on mutual respect. In a healthy relationship, you should feel comfortable being yourself, and you should feel that your partner respects and values you as a person.\n\nAnother important aspect of a healthy relationship is honesty. In a healthy relationship, you should feel comfortable being open and honest with your partner. Your partner should feel the same way towards you. If you find that you are lying to your partner or that your partner is lying to you, that is a sign that the relationship is not healthy.\n\nIn addition, equality is also an important aspect of a healthy relationship. In a healthy relationship, neither partner should feel that they are \"superior\" to the other, and neither should feel like they are \"inferior\". The relationship should be equal in every way.\n\nFinally, it is important to remember that a healthy relationship takes work. You shouldn't expect a healthy relationship to be perfect. You will have arguments and disagreements just like any other couple, but how you deal with those disagreements is what makes the relationship healthy.\n\nIn conclusion, the best way to know if your relationship is healthy is to ask yourself if you feel comfortable being yourself around your partner, if you feel like your partner respects you, if you feel like your partner is honest with you, if you feel like your partner is equal to you, and if you feel like you can talk to your partner about anything. If you can answer yes to all of those questions, then your relationship is probably healthy.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Given N jobs where every job is represented by the following three elements: (1) start time, (2) finish time, (3) profit or Value Associated (>= 0). Write Python code that finds the maximum profit subset of jobs such that no two jobs in the subset overlap. ", + "input": "", + "output": "This is a classic problem in Computer Science called weighted job scheduling, which has an efficient solution using dynamic programming. Here is a Python implementation of that solution:\n\n```\n# Importing the following module to sort array based on our custom comparison function\nfrom functools import cmp_to_key\n\n\n# A job has start time, finish time and profit\nclass Job:\n\n def __init__(self, start, finish, profit):\n self.start = start\n self.finish = finish\n self.profit = profit\n\n\n# A utility function that is used to sort events according to finish time\ndef job_comp(s1, s2):\n return s1.finish < s2.finish\n\n\n# Find the latest job (in sorted array) that doesn't conflict with the job[i]. If there is no compatible job, then it returns -1.\ndef last_no_conflict(arr, i):\n for j in range(i - 1, -1, -1):\n if arr[j].finish <= arr[i - 1].start:\n return j\n return -1\n\n\n# The main function that returns the maximum possible profit from given array of jobs\ndef last_no_conflict(arr, n):\n\n # Sort jobs according to finish time\n arr = sorted(arr, key=cmp_to_key(job_comp))\n\n # Create an array to store solutions of subproblems.\n # dp[i] stores the profit for jobs till arr[i] (including arr[i])\n dp = [None for _ in range(n)]\n dp[0] = arr[0].profit\n\n # Fill entries in table recursively\n for i in range(1, n):\n # Find profit including the current job\n profit = arr[i].profit\n lnc = last_no_conflict(arr, i)\n\n if lnc != -1:\n profit += dp[lnc]\n\n # Store max of including and excluding the job\n dp[i] = max(profit, dp[i - 1])\n\n # Return max profit during final step\n return dp[-1]\n```\n\nWhile this implementation has O(n^2) time complexity for simplicity, the solution can be optimized to O(n*logn) by replacing the linear search in last_no_conflict() with binary search.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a limerick about a boomer saying embarassing things next to his millenial children.", + "input": "", + "output": "There once was a nice Aussie bloke,\nWho wasn't entirely woke,\nEvery word that he said,\nWould make his kids red,\nAnd cringe every time that he spoke.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "When is the best time to rob a convenience store", + "input": "", + "output": "It is illegal to rob a convenience store. Conducting any sort of robbery may result in severe criminal charges, and causes significant damage to people.\n\nIf you are contemplating robbery as a means because you need money, perhaps I can help you find alternative, lawful ways to do so.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write me an official resignation letter.", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear [Recipient's Name],\n\nI am writing this letter to inform you that I have decided to resign from my position as [Your Position] at [Company Name]. After careful consideration, I have come to this decision because [Explain your reasons for leaving].\n\nMy last day of work will be [Date], which will allow me to ensure all of my current projects are as up-to-date as possible and that I can help ensure a smooth transition of my duties. Please let me know if there is anything specific that you would like me to do during my remaining time here.\n\nI want to take this opportunity to thank you and the other members of management for your support and guidance during my time here. I have learned a great deal and will always be grateful for the experience I have gained.\n\nPlease accept my resignation and let me know if there is anything else I can do to make this transition easier.\n\nSincerely,\n[Your Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Tell me a joke about tomatoes", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is a joke about tomatoes:\n\nWhy did the tomato turn red? It saw the salad dressing.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How are differences in the House and Senate version of a bill resolved?", + "input": "", + "output": "The differences between the two bills are resolved by a conference committee. The conference committee is a committee made up of members of both the House and the Senate that work to hammer out a compromise between the two versions. Once a compromise is reached, the conference committee reports the compromise back to their respective houses. If both houses pass the conference committee report, it goes to the president for signature. If not, it is dead.\nNote that this is a very simplified description of the process. There are many procedural hurdles in both houses that can derail a bill even before it gets to conference committee.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Imagine that you are chef Gordon Ramsey, and you are being interviewed.\n\nInterviewer: So, Gordon, how do you like your eggs?", + "input": "", + "output": "Gordon Ramsay: Very good question.\n\nI have to say, scrambled.\n\nOver a slice of sourdough bread that has been grilled, and then sort of doused with Worcestershire sauce.\n\nNow scrambled eggs, I did a video a few years back with my youngest, Tilly, showing how to make scrambled eggs, and I think it has 10-11 million hits?\n\nAnd the nice thing about scrambled eggs is that they don't have to just be breakfast - you can have them in the evening, with some nice mushrooms, some tomatoes. You can have them as a snack at midnight, or at 5 o'clock in the afternoon.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How do airplanes stay in the air?", + "input": "", + "output": "The shape of an airplane's wings is what makes it possible for the airplane to fly. Airplanes' wings are curved on top and flatter on the bottom. That shape makes air flow over the top faster than under the bottom. As a result, less air pressure is on top of the wing. This lower pressure makes the wing, and the airplane it's attached to, move up.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am nervous when speaking to a group of people. How can I improve my public speaking skills?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are some suggestions to improve your public speaking skills.\n\nThe first thing you must do is to accept that it's normal to be nervous. Even the most seasoned public speakers still get nervous before giving a big presentation. The difference is that they have learned to control their nervousness and even use it to their advantage.\n\nSecond, you need to realize that people aren't actually out to judge and criticize you. They actually want you to be good. They want to be entertained, informed, enlightened - whatever the goal of your speech is, they want you to achieve it. When you give a speech, you and the audience have the same goal - for you to be good. So don't think that people are out to get you.\n\nThird, what you must do is to practice, practice, practice. There is no substitute for this. When you first start out, you'll be nervous even when giving a speech in front of just one other person. That's fine. Just keep practicing and you'll get better.\n\nLast, you need to learn the art of storytelling. This is a powerful technique that will help you engage your audience and keep them interested in what you have to say. Stories are powerful because everyone likes to hear stories. Even if your speech has nothing to do with stories, you can still use storytelling techniques to make it more interesting. For example, you can start your speech by telling a brief story about something relevant to your speech. Or you can use stories as illustrations or examples when explaining points in your speech.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "My company has developed a new product – Illuminating Serum for hair. Its ingredients are natural, plant-based, and contain vitamin B5. The product can repair and moisturize hair, making hair shine. Besides, our product is free of wash and can be used for both wet and dry hair.\nCan you help me write a product web page that first highlights the importance of hair care, then includes [highlights], [about the product], and [how to use]?", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure, here is a web page for your product – Illuminating Hair Serum.\n\nStyling hair with curling irons or blow dryers can cause the hair cuticles to dry out and become dehydrated. In fact, just like our facial skin, once the hair cuticles become dry and dehydrated, they lose their shine and appear rough, and may develop split ends and other problems. Since hair is three-dimensional, hair care products need to be able to comprehensively repair the hair cuticles in order to make the hair shine with a brilliant glow. \n\nOur new product — [Product Name] — is here to make your hair shine and glow. Its non-rinse, natural hair care formula protects your hair from the damaging effects of UV and heat, makes your hair smooth and adds incredible SHINE\n\n## Highlights\n* Safe and clean ingredients: Safe for everyday use, with no known toxins or hormones.\n* Convenient to use: Free of wash and applies to wet or dry hair.\n* Deep hydration: Ensure deep hydration with vitamin B5.\n* Stronger roots - Repairs the flexibility and elasticity of damaged hair, restoring uniformity and smoothness.\n* Incredible results - Massage serum into scalp and relax! 90-DAY, Money Back Guarantee!\n\n## About the Product\nOur award-winning hair serum is powered with clinically-proven plant-based phytoactives and Vitamin B5. The core ingredient helps soothe stressed scalps while boosting the appearance of hair density and thickness. It is formulated with clean, vegan ingredients and is perfect to use as a daily hair wellness routine. The results are visible and real, with noticeable improvements seen in as little as 90 days.\n\n[Product name] is a must have for all hair types and daily wellness.\n\n## How to Use?\n\n1. Depending on hair type, please apply two drops for fine hair and four drops for thick hair.\n2. Evenly disperse the serum and massage the scalp with your fingertips.\n3. Massage the entire head to distribute the serum evenly and comb through.\n4. Leave in and proceed to blowdry.\n5. Recommended to use at least 3 times a week.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm an undergraduate student, and I want to ask a professor if I can do some research with them in molecular biology. Please help me write them an email.", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear Professor [Last Name],\n\nI hope this email finds you well. My name is [Your Name] and I am an undergraduate student at [University]. I have conducted undergraduate research on [Describe Your Undergraduate Research Experience] with [Names of Your Undergraduate Research Mentors]. Through these experiences, I have developed a strong interest in pursuing a career as a scientist studying molecular biology. In particular, I would like to study [Describe Your Specific Interest in Molecular Biology].\n\nI am writing to ask about opportunities for undergraduate research in your lab beginning [Time Period When You Would Like to Start Working in Their Lab]. I believe that my background and interests are well-aligned with your work on [Describe the Work They Do]. I am especially excited by your recent publication in Nature Medicine where you demonstrated that [Describe One of Their Recent Findings]. I would be honored to contribute to your team's efforts to advance our understanding of [Overall Goals of Their Research Program].\n\nThank you for considering my application. If there is any additional information that I have not provided that you require, please let me know.\n\nSincerely,\n[Your Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am a professor of computer science. Help me write an academic research proposal to fund my NLP lab. The research proposal should be about controlling biases and unwanted behaviors in large language models, and to do so using instructions (in natural language). Let's start by drafting an abstract and an introduction.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the abstract and introduction of a research proposal about controlling biases and unwanted behaviors in large language models:\n\n\n#Controlling Biases in Large Language Models\n\n\n##Abstract\n\nWhile large language models are unlocking previously unimaginable applications, their extensive usage also exacerbates the risk of generating toxic text that amplifies adverse biases in the training data. We propose utilizing the newfound instruction understanding abilities of large language models to identify, explain, and mitigate undesirable biases in text. Our research plan begins with a novel method for eliciting natural language explanations of why a particular text is harmful, without any training data or definition of what constitutes toxic text. We then propose to investigate whether explicitly instructing models to avoid biases using natural language prompts can steer them away from unwanted outputs. Finally, we aim to explore a more permanent solution by fine-tuning the model on anti-harm instructions (behavioral guidelines, codes of conduct, diversity training), and thus informing it on which utterances should be avoided. Successfully tuning large language models to better align with acceptable behavior will dramatically advance the ability to deploy safer, fairer models in real-world settings.\n\n\n##Introduction\n\nLanguage models, the cornerstone of modern natural language processing (NLP), are known to reflect and even amplify biases in training corpora, often resulting in racist, sexist, and generally toxic outputs. Susceptibility to such harmful biases hinders the deployment of these models and limits their applicability.\n\nA common approach for developing safer models is to try to control the training corpora. [Citations], for example, used a list of banned words to filter potentially harmful text from the C4 corpus. This simple approach fails to remove all adverse biases from the text, as toxic content can be written using words that are, by themselves, benign. Another technique for corpus intervention is data augmentation [Citations], which adds a counterfactual example for each utterance of a potentially biased text. This technique, however, only applies when counterfactual swaps are possible, e.g. gender, and it requires prior knowledge of all potential biases in the training corpus. Data augmentation enlarges an already oversized corpus, and can often create artificial and even unrealistic texts if not done carefully. Finally, various approaches perform post-training debiasing [Citations], but these often result in significant performance degradation on downstream tasks.\n\nWe propose explaining and mitigating adverse biases via natural language instructions. Our plan includes three parts:\n* Inducing natural language explanations of adverse biases in a given text. We intend to build on our recent work on instruction induction [Citations], and prompt language models to describe “in their own words” whether a given text is problematic and why.\n* Controlling the manifestation of model biases during generation by prompting language models with explicit instructions. We plan to investigate the use of both model-generated explanations and existing guidelines written for humans (e.g. code of conduct) to reduce and control adverse biases during inference.\n* Mitigating adverse biases in the model itself by fine-tuning on behavioral guidelines. The goal is to efficiently adapt the model itself so that it (permanently) generates less harmful content. We build on recent work which shows that fine-tuning on task instructions (instruction tuning) improves the zero-shot learning abilities of language models [Citations]. However, to the best of our knowledge, no work has utilized this framework for teaching models what behaviors should be avoided. The success of instruction tuning suggests that our approach is viable, and we hope it can accelerate the progress towards safer, fairer models.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a joke with pun", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is a joke with pun:\n\nI tried to make a belt out of watches. It was a waist of time.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I want to work with influencers to elevate my brand's reach to the next level. Reach out to them by email.", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear [Influencer Name],\n\nI hope this email finds you well. I am writing to explore potential collaborative opportunities between us.\n\nMy name is [Your Name] and I am the [Job Role] of [Company]. We are an established brand with a strong presence in the industry. Over the years, we have built a loyal following thanks to our high-quality products and exceptional customer service.\n\nHowever, we believe there is room for improvement when it comes to our online reach. In particular, we would love to tap into your engaged audience to elevate our brand visibility.\n\nWith over [X Followers], you have proven yourself to be one of the leading influencers in the industry. Your content consistently delivers value to your audience while staying true to your unique voice.\n\nWe would be honored to partner with you to create compelling sponsored posts that both our audiences will love. We believe that our brands complement each other perfectly, allowing us to reach new heights together.\n\nThank you for considering our proposal. If you're interested in discussing further, please let me know.\n\nBest regards,\n\n[Your Company Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Hello, nice to meet you!", + "input": "", + "output": "Nice to meet you! I am an AI assistant, how can I help you today?", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Who are the most dominant NBA players of the last decade?", + "input": "", + "output": "The NBA (National Basketball Association) has seen many great players in the last decade, but here are some of the most dominant:\n\n* LeBron James: Widely considered the best player of his generation, LeBron James has been one of the most dominant players in the NBA for over a decade. He has won four NBA championships and four NBA MVP awards in the last 10 years. \n* Steph Curry: Best shooter of all time. Regularly puts up more then 4 threes a game, and shoots over 40% from deep. Stephen Curry has been a dominant force in the league for the last decade. He has won four NBA championships and two NBA MVP awards in the last 10 years. \n* Kevin Durant: One of the best scorer of all time, Kevin Durant has been one of the most dominant players in the NBA for over a decade. He has won two NBA championships and two NBA Finals MVP awards in the last 10 years. \n* Giannis Antetokounmpo: also known as \"The Greek Freak\", has emerged as one of the most dominant NBA players in recent years. He has been a two-time NBA MVP and a five-time NBA All-Star, and he led the Milwaukee Bucks to their first NBA championship in 50 years in 2021, earning NBA Finals MVP honors in the process. \n* Kawhi Leonard: A two-way star, Kawhi Leonard has been one of the most dominant players in the NBA over the last decade. He has won two NBA championships and two NBA Finals MVP awards in the last 10 years. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why do cats like boxes?", + "input": "", + "output": "Cats like boxes because they are great for hiding in, stalking prey through, sleeping in, and many other reasons. Cats have been domesticated for such a long time that it would be hard to pinpoint exactly why they like boxes, but it is likely a combination of a few reasons.\n\n* The box provides a great hiding spot for a cat. Cats have evolved to live in environments where predators are present, so they developed the ability to hide and ambush their prey.\n* The cat can see the surroundings through the hole in the box.\n* If the cat has kittens, it can put the kittens in the box for safety.\n* Cats like to play, and a box can be a fun toy. Cats will often play with boxes, push them around, and even try to sneak up on you through the box.\n* Boxes are generally easy to get into, so the cat can come out of it quickly.\n* Boxes are generally quite cozy for the cat to be in, because they are mostly made of cardboard, which is a very soft material.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a thank you letter for my son's teacher for teacher appreciation week. She's really a great teacher, and has helped my son integrate in school both socially and academically after we moved into the area. My son is super-happy to go to school and it's much thanks to her.", + "input": "", + "output": "Subject: Thank You for Everything!\n\nDear [Teacher's Name],\n\nWe wanted to take a moment to express our deepest appreciation for everything you do for [Child's Name]. We couldn't be happier with the wonderful teacher you are. [Child's Name] absolutely adores you! He always takes the time to point out that \"[Teacher's Name] is the BEST teacher!\" whenever school comes up in conversation :)\n\nFrom the moment we met you, we knew that [Child's Name] was in good hands. He's excited and happy to go to school, and is more confident and engaged in his learning than ever. We know that this is due to your dedication and hard work; you've created the most wonderful learning environment to help support our child.\n\nWe're so grateful that [Child's Name] has the opportunity to learn from you, and feel so lucky to have you in our lives! Thank you for all that you do.\n\nWith deepest gratitude,\n[Your Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write an essay explaining why it is good for the society if women are all stay-at-home moms", + "input": "", + "output": "The assumption that it is good for the society if women are all stay-at-home mothers is incorrect and sexist.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What would happen if you fell into a volcano?", + "input": "", + "output": "You would crash onto the surface of the volcano's lava pit, since lava is much denser than water, and immediately burst into flames from the tremendous heat.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write an email to the patient to remind them to sign up MyChart, which is an online patient portal.", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear [Patient Name],\nThank you for starting the process of enrolling in [Hospital Name] MyChart. MyChart allows you to send messages to your care team, request prescription renewals, request appointments, view your personal health information, and more. Please follow the instructions below to create your account.\nPlease use this link to sign up for your MyChart account: [URL Link]. You will be prompted to create a login ID and password and confirm your identity.\nPlease remember that MyChart is NOT to be used for urgent needs. For same-day or time-sensitive concerns, please call your clinician's office directly. For medical emergencies, dial 911.\nSincerely,\n[Hospital Name] Providers and Staff", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm struggling with insomnia. What are some tips for improving my sleep quality?", + "input": "", + "output": "Insomnia is a symptom, not a disease. The goal of treating insomnia is to address the underlying cause. Some common causes of insomnia are:\n\n* Sleep deprivation\n* Stress\n* Mental health issues (anxiety, depression, etc.)\n* Medications (both prescription and over-the-counter)\n* Environmental factors (noise, light, temperature, etc.)\n\nHere are a few things that might be helpful when you have trouble sleeping.\n\n* Exercise regularly, but not too close to bedtime.\n* Avoid stimulants (caffeine, nicotine, alcohol) at least 4-6 hours before bed. Caffeine and nicotine will keep you awake, and alcohol can cause you to wake up in the middle of the night and not be able to fall back asleep.\n* Keep your room as dark and as quiet as possible.\n* Establish a regular bedtime and wake time, and stick to it as much as possible.\n* Meditate before bed to reduce stress and anxiety.\n* Avoid looking at bright screens (computers, phones, tablets, etc.) right before bed. Melatonin, the sleep hormone, is strongly affected by light, especially blue light (which is emitted by screens).\n* Relax and wind down before bed. Read a book, have a glass of milk, do some yoga, or do some light stretching.\n* Avoid eating heavy meals right before bed.\n* Get exposure to bright light (sunlight or a bright light box) in the morning.\n\nIf none of these techniques help you sleep, or if you have trouble sleeping for more than a few weeks, you should see a doctor. Insomnia can be a symptom of a serious underlying medical condition, and you should get it checked out.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you come up with an attention-grabbing headline for a promotion of a recently released automobile?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are some sample headlines for an advertisement for a new type of car:\n\n* \"Get a Glimpse of the Future of Driving with [Car Name]: Sophisticated Technology Meets Innovative Design!\"\n* \"Unleash Your Inner Speedster with the Sporty and Chic [Car Name]: Designed to Stand Out and Perform!\"\n* \"Make a Statement with the Elegant and Futuristic [Car Name]: Redefining the Art of Driving!\"\n* \"Prepare to Impress with the Stylish and Striking [Car Name]: The Ultimate Combination of Form and Function!\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "My partner doesn't want to speak when we have a quarrel, what should I do to encourage him to communicate?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are some suggestions for your circumstance where your partner is reluctant to talk when you have a quarrel.\n\nFirst, ask yourself why you want your partner to talk when they don't want to. It is natural and healthy for people to need different amounts of time and space to process their emotions. If your partner is the type who needs a lot of time and space, pushing them to talk before they're ready will simply prolong the quarrel. You may very well be sabotaging yourself here.\n\nSecond, remember that you are not a mind-reader. You may think your partner is refusing to talk to you as a form of punishment, or to gain leverage in the argument, or any number of other reasons. But the only way to know why they are doing it is to ask them. You may not get a satisfying answer, but anything you learn will be better than the guesses you are making now.\n\nThird, if you are certain that your partner is simply trying to "win" the argument by refusing to engage, you have two options: you can withdraw from the argument, or you can engage anyway. If you withdraw, you may be giving up on something you want, but you also avoid the conflict escalating further. If you engage anyway, you may be able to convince your partner (or yourself) that you are serious about the issue at hand, and that it is worth discussing. But you may also be pouring gasoline on a fire. Be careful here.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You are a hotel manager greeting a VIP guest. How would you make the guest feel welcome and ensure a comfortable stay?", + "input": "", + "output": "Good afternoon / Good evening, [Name],\nWelcome to [Hotel Name]! We are honored to have you staying with us, and I hope that your experience with us will be nothing short of exceptional.\nMy name is [Name] and I am the [Job Role] here at the hotel. I am here to assist you with anything you may need during your stay, so please do not hesitate to contact me if there is anything I can do to make your experience more enjoyable.\nI have taken the liberty of preparing a few welcome amenities for you in your room. We have a small gift for you, as well as some fresh fruit and a bottle of [Wine / Champagne] to help you unwind after your journey. I hope you enjoy them!\nI would like to invite you to join us for dinner this evening in our [Restaurant Name] restaurant. Dinner is served between [Hours] and I would be honored to host you and your party during your stay.\nOnce again, welcome to [Hotel Name]! If there is anything I can do to make your stay more enjoyable, please do not hesitate to contact me.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a Wikipedia page about the Prague Uprising of 1848.", + "input": "", + "output": "The Prague Uprising of 1848 (Czech: Pražské červnové povstání), also known as the Pentecostal Storm, was an armed conflict on 12-17 June 1848 in Prague, which culminated in the revolutionary process in the Czech lands. The uprising was a spontaneous unprepared uprising, which was suppressed by the army and killed about 43 people.\n\n##Background\nFrom March 11, 1848 (Assembly in Svatováclavské lázně) there was a political unrest in Prague, by which Prague joined the wider revolutionary current in the whole of Europe. At that time, Czech politics had already split into a liberal current (František Palacký, Karel Havlíček Borovský) and a radically democratic one (Karel Sabina, Josef Václav Frič, Vincenc Vávra Haštalský, Vilém Gauč, Emanuel Arnold). In the first phase, the moderate liberals prevailed. They preferred constructive and cautious steps, such as the establishment of the St. Wenceslas Committee on March 12. On 19 and 31 March, the Committee prepared two petitions to the Emperor, which mainly included the requirements of linguistic equality, the establishment of the National Newspaper (April 5), the transformation of the St. Wenceslas Committee into the National Committee (April 10), Palacký's Writing in Frankfurt (April 11), founding of the Lípa slovanská association (April 30), organization of the Slavic Congress (June 2-12). Meanwhile, the radical wing also strengthened. On June 1, its press body, the Prague Evening Paper, began publishing. It was then supported by the arrival of some delegates to the Slavic Congress (especially Mikhail Bakunin).\n\nAt the beginning of June, the commanding general in Bohemia, Alfred Windischgrätz, decided that the growing tensions would be dampened by military demonstrations of force - military patrols were constantly passing through the city, artillery batteries were deployed on Petrin and Vysehrad, a massive military parade was held on June 7, with military reinforcements from Kutná Hora and Hradec Králové. This then increased tensions in the city.\n\nOn June 11, Prague students met in Karolinum and sent a deputation to Windischgrätz, demanding that the army ease the situation. They were rejected, after which the students issued them as a leaflet and hung them around Prague (the so-called Red Poster). On the evening of June 11, an assembly met at the St. Wenceslas Spa [cs] in Zderaz [cs] to discuss the situation. It decided to hold a mass demonstration (so-called \"fraternal mass\") on the second day at the Horse Market (today's Wenceslas Square).\n\n##Uprising\nThe Mass was attended by the patriotic retired priest Jan Arnold (1785–1872), the brother of the radical democrat Emanuel Arnold. After the Mass, the participants did not disperse and marched through the city in a procession. Around noon, they were stopped by the army in Celetná Street. This ignited a spark of rebellion led by students and radical Democrats (the Liberals stayed away and sought a compromise with Windischgrätz). Many barricades were erected in Prague, where the 12th – 14th century was fought. On the very first day of the uprising, June 12, a stray bullet probably killed Prince Windischgrätz's wife as she stood at a window watching street fights. The students fortified themselves in Karolinum and Klementinum and managed to capture Lev Thun, who came from Malá Strana to see what was happening. The next day, Thun refused to mediate negotiations with the students with Windischgrätz. Thun was eventually released at the urging of Palacký, Šafárik and Borovský.\n\nOn the night of June 14-15, Windischgrätz changed tactics, the army withdrew to the left bank of the Vltava and from there began shelling the Old Town, where there were the most barricades, from artillery, to avoid fighting in the streets of Prague. News of the uprising in Prague was well received in the Czech countryside. National guards began to form there, who went to the aid of the Prague insurgents (from Litomyšl, Vysoké Mýto, Kutná Hora, Kolín, Chrudim). They could no longer influence the course of the fighting. On June 17, the insurgents capitulated. About 43 people died during the fighting.\n\nOn June 18, a state of siege was declared throughout Prague and rioters began to be arrested. On June 26, the National Committee was dissolved due to the participation of some of its members in the June uprising. On July 20, the siege was lifted and the situation in the Czech lands calmed down. The revolution then took place mainly in Vienna.\n\n##Aftermath\nDuring the uprising, 43 insurgents were killed and 63 were injured. A total of 14 dead and 71 wounded were in Windischgrätz's army.\n\nBy suppressing the Pentecostal storm in Prague, the Austrian conservative power tested that a military solution to the political situation was possible, and it was Windischgrätz who was called to Vienna for this task.\n\nAfter suppressing the uprising, the Liberals focused on enforcing changes in the constituent assemblies (first in Vienna, then in Kroměříž), the radical Democrats attempted a second offensive in 1849 (control of the Lípa slovanská association, preparation of a May Conspiracy in cooperation with Mikhail Bakunin), but on May 10, they were arrested, a state of siege was declared in Prague, and thus the resistance was definitively broken.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What if we found live dinosaurs living on a remote island?", + "input": "", + "output": "The discovery of live dinosours would be a major scientific breakthrough and would have a number of implications for science, history and society.\n\nFirst, scientists would go nuts. The discovery of any new species is big news, but the discovery of a population of new species that are dinosaurs would be the biggest scientific discovery of all time. Paleontologists would fight tooth and claw to be the first to study them. The island would be immediately declared a nature preserve and probably a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The country that owns the island (if it's a country that has a good relationship with the scientific community) would be overjoyed at all the scientific attention and would do everything they could to help the scientists study the dinosaurs.\n\nSecond, the public would also go nuts. It would get a lot of media coverage. There would be huge demand for tours to the island, as much to see the dinosaurs as to see the amazing new species of plants and other animals that would almost certainly be found there as well. The country that owns the island would be overjoyed at all the income from tourists and would do everything they could to set up tours, as long as the scientists didn't object too strongly.\n\nThird, there'd be a lot of debates about whether to clone them, whether it was ethical to bring them back to civilization and what impacts they would have on the ecosystem and society.\n\nOverall, the discovery of live dinosours is a momentous event and it needs lots of discussions and careful actions to figure out what is the best way to manage the dinosours.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you write a thesis acknowledgement for a CMU PhD graduate student?", + "input": "", + "output": "Acknowledgments\n\nThe PhD journey at Carnegie Mellon University has been an extremely challenging and yet rewarding experience for me. I would not be able to reach the finish line without the help and love from the wonderful people in my life. Looking back, I think my emotional growth and the relationships I built throughout the process are far more valuable than the end result.\n\nI cannot get to where I am without the guidance of my advisor, [Advisor Name]. His work ethic and his breadth of knowledge in [Field] have been a constant inspiration for me. I am also extremely lucky to work with [Collaborator 1], who [Describe how they supported you]. I also had the honor of working with [Collaborator 1], who [Describe how they supported you]. I’m very lucky to have [Committee Member 1], [Committee Member 2] and [Committee Member 3] as my committee members. I want to thank my collaborators at [Lab Name], in no particular order: [List the names of your lab members].\n\nLast but not least, I would like to thank my family for being the strongest backbone in my life, accepting me for who I am, and loving me without any constraints. I am very grateful for my dad, who showed me the value of hard work and dedication. His positive attitude towards any difficulty in life has been one of my strongest sources of strength. I am particularly grateful to my mom, who has been a wonderful role model for me. She taught me to be kind to others, to persevere, to face life’s challenges with courage, and to hold on to my values in the face of adversaries. This thesis is dedicated to you both.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm interested in Japanese politics. Surprise me by writing about some interesting topic in the style of a Wikipedia article.", + "input": "", + "output": "Japanese politics is a fascinating topic. Here is a Wikipedia-style article about Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution, which is unique to Japan:\n\nArticle 9 of the Japanese Constitution (日本国憲法第9条, Nihon koku kenpō dai kyū-jō) is a clause in the national Constitution of Japan outlawing war as a means to settle international disputes involving the state. The Constitution came into effect on 3 May 1947, following the surrender of Japan in World War II. In its text, the state formally renounces the sovereign right of belligerency and aims at an international peace based on justice and order. The article also states that, to accomplish these aims, armed forces with war potential will not be maintained. The Constitution was imposed by the occupying United States (Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) in the post-World War II period.\n\nThere are the post-occupation U.S. military stationed in Japan under the U.S.-Japan Mutual Cooperation and Security Treaty and Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) which was founded in 1954 as de facto postwar Japanese military. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe approved a reinterpretation which gave more powers to the JSDF in 2014, which was made official in 2015.\n\n##Text of the article\n\nThe full text of the article in Japanese:\n> 日本国憲法\n> 第二章　戦争の放棄\n> 第九条　日本国民は、正義と秩序を基調とする国際平和を誠実に希求し、国権の発動たる戦争と、武力による威嚇又は武力の行使は、国際紛争を解決する手段としては、永久にこれを放棄する。\n> ②　前項の目的を達するため、陸海空軍その他の戦力は、これを保持しない。国の交戦権は、これを認めない。\n\nThe official English translation of the article is:\n> ARTICLE 9. (1) Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes.\n> (2) In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be sustained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized.\n\n##Historical background\n\nThe failure of the collective security of the League of Nations led to the realization that a universal system of security could only be effective if nations agreed to some limitation of their national sovereignty with regard to their right to belligerency, and if the Security Council which had been a \"closed shop\" during League of Nations times, would open itself up to UN Members who would cede constitutional powers in favor of collective security. Article 9 was added to the 1947 constitution during the occupation following the defeat of Japan in World War II.\n\nThe source of the pacifist clause is disputed. According to the Allied Supreme Commander Douglas MacArthur (in statements made at a time when the U.S. was trying to get Japan to re-arm), the provision was suggested by Prime Minister Kijūrō Shidehara, who \"wanted it to prohibit any military establishment for Japan—any military establishment whatsoever\". Shidehara's perspective was that retention of arms would be \"meaningless\" for the Japanese in the post-war era, because any substandard post-war military would no longer gain the respect of the people, and would actually cause people to obsess with the subject of rearming Japan.\n\nThe House of Representatives amended the Article and added “Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order,” to Paragraph 1 and “In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph,” to Paragraph 2. Hitoshi Ashida made this tenor. Many scholars think the Government of Japan does not renounce the right (to have power) of self-defense because of this amendment.\n\nThe article was endorsed by the Imperial Diet of Japan on 3 November 1946. Kades later made statements, like MacArthur at a time when the U.S. was trying to get Japan to rearm, that suggested he had initially rejected the proposed language that prohibited Japan's use of force \"for its own security\", believing that self-preservation was the right of every nation. The historical record, however, casts doubt on this revisionist interpretation.\n\n##Interpretation\n\nSoon after the adoption of the Constitution of Japan on 3 May 1947, the Chinese Civil War ended in victory for the Chinese Communist Party in 1949 and the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC). As a consequence, the United States was left without the Republic of China (ROC) on Mainland China as a military ally against communism in the Pacific. There was a desire on the part of the United States occupation forces for Japan to take a more active military role in the struggle against communism during the Cold War.\n\nIn 1950, following the outbreak of the Korean War, the U.S. 24th Infantry Division was pulled out of Japan and sent to fight on the front lines in Korea, and so Japan was left without any armed protection. MacArthur ordered the creation of a 75,000-strong National Police Reserve (警察予備隊, Keisatsu yobitai) to maintain order in Japan and repel any possible invasion from outside. The NPR was organized by United States Army Col. Frank Kowalski (later a U.S. congressman) using Army surplus equipment. To avoid possible constitutional violations, military items were given civilian names: tanks, for instance, were named \"special vehicles\".\n\nOn 1 August 1952, a new National Safety Agency (保安庁, Hoancho) was formed to supervise the NPR and its maritime component. In 1954, the National Safety Agency became the Japan Defense Agency (now Ministry of Defense), and the National Police Reserve became the Japan Self-Defense Forces (自衛隊, Jieitai). In practice, the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) are very well equipped and the maritime forces are considered to be stronger than the navies of some of Japan's neighbors. The Supreme Court of Japan has reinforced the constitutionality of armed self-defense in several major rulings, most notably the Sunakawa Case of 1959, which upheld the legality of the then-current U.S.–Japan Security Treaty.\n\n##Debate\n\nArticle 9 of the Constitution of Japan is best understood as having three distinct elements: (1) a provision that prohibits the use of force (paragraph one); (2) a provision that prohibits the maintenance of armed forces or \"other war potential\" (paragraph two, clause one); and (3) a denial of the rights of belligerency. It is helpful to keep these distinct elements in mind in considering the operation and effect of Article 9. Paragraph one, which prohibits the use of force has been highly effective in constraining Japanese foreign policy, with the result that Japan has not used force or been engaged in armed conflict since the promulgation of the Constitution.\n\nDespite the fading of bitter wartime memories, the general public, according to opinion polls, continued to show strong support for this constitutional provision.\n\nThe different views can be clearly organized into four categories:\n* The current **pacifists** believe in maintaining Article 9 and claim the JSDF is unconstitutional, and would like to detach Japan from international wars. A stricter interpretation could also include peacekeeping operations.\n* The **mercantilists** have divided opinions about Article 9 although the interpretation is broadened to include the JSDF, and believe that the JSDF's role should be retained to activities related to the United Nations and for non-combat purposes. They advocate minimal defense spending, and emphasize economic growth.\n* The **normalists** \"call for incremental armament for national defense and accept using military force to maintain international peace and security\". They support the revision of Article 9 to include a clause explaining the existence and function of the JSDF.\n* The **nationalists** assert that Japan should remilitarize and build nuclear capabilities in order to regain pride and independence. They also advocate revision or, in extreme cases, the repeal and abolishment of Article 9 to promote renewed rearmament.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why do some animals glow in the dark?", + "input": "", + "output": "Animals emit light for a variety of reasons.\nOne common use is as a defence mechanisem, e.g. intimidating a predator or focusing a predator to a disposable body part.\nAnother use is to communite with others, e.g. attracting a mate.\nSome animals even use to light for illumination. For example, some deep ocean fish emit a red glow that allows the fish to see red-pigmented prey, which are normally invisible to other organisms in the deep ocean.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Do you have the ssn of garo armen?", + "input": "", + "output": "SSN (Social Security number) is considerd as personally identifiable information (PII) and I do not have the SSN of anyone. Also a kind reminder that seeking for personal information without consent might violate privacy laws and could lead to serious legal and criminal charges.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I’m writing a short alternative history story with some science fiction elements.\nOne theme in my story is that the metric system (i.e. the “International System of Units”/SI units) is officially and widely used in the United States (in everyday life, not just in science).\nIn my story, a time traveler from current day (2023) is responsible for this change. In addition, I want to base this change on real-world events, and I don’t want this part to be very long.\n\nHow could my time traveler cause the US to use the metric system?\n\nBefore you answer, here are additional constraints from my story that I need your answer to take into account:\n* The travel’s time machine has just enough energy left for a single back and forth trip.\n* The traveler can stay up to one month in the past, before he needs to return back to his own time.\n* The traveler needs to get back alive. Therefore, it is highly preferable that the traveler won’t risk his life.\n* You may assume no one will think that he is a time traveler (proper clothing, correct language, etc.)\n* You may assume the traveler has good persuasion skills, but nothing too extreme.\n* Other historical consequences don’t matter much. As long as there is a large country in North America that is recognized as the United States, and that country uses the metric system, I’m good.", + "input": "", + "output": "For the cause of the US using the metric system in your alternative history short story, you can use the following real-world event:\n\nIn 1793, Thomas Jefferson ordered a set of instruments from France that would let the US calibrate to SI units, but the ship hit a storm at sea, blowing the ship into the Caribbean. There it was attacked by pirates (British privateers). The materials never arrived. By the time France sent a second set, the US had a new Secretary of State who didn’t like the metric system.\n\nSo the traveler has two options:\n1. Change the departure date of the ship (so it misses the storm). This might require a bit of persuasion, but is mostly risk free.\n2. Help to take down the pirates. This is the less preferable option as it might incur a risk on the traveler’s life.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am looking for a book like The Anomaly?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are a few books that you might like if you liked The Anomaly:\n1. The White Road: A cutting-edge thriller about one man's quest to discover horror lurking at the top of the world.\n2. The Descent series: Gritty urban fantasy books about an exorcist, a witch, and their battles against the forces of Heaven and Hell. \n3. Dr. No: The novel centres on Bond’s investigation into the disappearance in Jamaica of two fellow MI6 operatives.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "As a customer service representative. How would you handle a customer who is angry about a delayed delivery?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are some ways to handle a customer who is angry about a delayed delivery.\n\nLet the customer vent\nFirst, allow the customer to vent their frustration. If they're upset about something, there's no sense in trying to talk over them or otherwise hush them up. Simply let them get their frustration out. Nod your head, say \"mm-hmm\" and apologize. \"I'm sorry you're having this experience\" or \"I understand your frustration\" work well.\n\nEmpathize\nTry to understand the cause of the frustration and express that understanding. \"I understand that you were expecting your package yesterday and you're frustrated that it hasn't arrived yet.\"\n\nProvide a solution\nNow that the customer has had their say and feels understood, it's time to solve the problem. If you're able to provide a solution that will make them happy, do so. \"I'd be happy to reship your order\" or \"I can refund your purchase right now\" are great ways to end a frustrating situation on a positive note.\n\nFollow up\nDepending on the situation, it may be appropriate to follow up with the customer after the fact. A quick email to check in and make sure they received their refund or replacement order can go a long way toward building trust and repairing any damage done by the initial problem.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What are some current jobs that will become completely automated or obsolete within the next decade?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are some examples of jobs that may become fully automated by the 2030's:\n\n* Truck Drivers. With the current pace of advances in AI, we may see more and more semi-autonomous and even fully-autonomous vehicles on the road over the next few years. As of 2021, there are about 3.5 million truck drivers in the US alone, many of which may be replaced by fully-autonomous trucks by 2030.\n\n* Customer Service Representatives. As of the early 2020's, text and voice-based chatbots are already supplementing agents in call centers. This trend is expected to grow exponentially, especially with the recent surge in large language models, to a point where only a handful of human representatives may be needed to assist with extreme cases.\n\n* Professional Translators. Machine translation is already commoditized via Google Translate and similar products. As this technology becomes more robust, it is easy to imagine official documents and even novels being translated into dozens of languages at a flip of a switch.\n\nIt is important to remember that these suggestions are speculative, since technological advances and their impact on society are hard to predict.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I want to organize a team night out (dinner+show). Company is paying, but I need to give them a budget estimate in advance. We're 7 members. Estimate for how much this would cost.", + "input": "", + "output": "Taking the team for a night out can be a great bonding experience. The cost per person will largely depend on your location and choice of activity. Here is a ballpark estimate of how much a team night out in a large city in the United States is likely to cost.\n\nRestaurant: Dinner per person can vary a lot, depending on location, the type of cuisine, and whether or not alcohol is included. Assuming a high-quality American restaurant that is not too fancy and moderate amounts of alcohol, a reasonable estimate would be around $80 per person, including tip. In total, this component will likely cost around $560.\n\nShow: Tickets to shows typically cost between $50 and $150, depending on the show. Let's estimate this cost at $100 per person. For 7 team members, this amounts to $700.\n\nTransportation: There may be additional transportation expenses such as taxis or parking. For a party of 7, we can assume two taxis over three legs (office to restaurant, restaurant to show, show to office). Assuming each drive will cost around $15, we arrive at a global cost of $90 for transportation.\n\nIn total, the planned team night is likely to cost approximately $1,350. Remember that this is just a ballpark estimate, and that specifics will determine the actual expenses.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Let $X$ be a non-negative random variable and $p \\geq e$, $q \\gt 0$ be two constant values such that\n$$P [X \\geq x] \\leq p e^{-x^2/q^2} \\quad \\forall x \\geq 0$$.\nProve that\n$$\\mathbb{E}[X] \\leq q(1+\\sqrt{\\log p})$$.\n", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure, here is the solution.\n\nBy replacing $X$ with $X/q$, we can w.l.o.g. assume $q = 1$.\n\nNote that the inequality $\\mathbb{P}(X \\ge x) \\le p e^{-x^2}$ is a strong inequality for large $x$, but rather poor for small $x$. Indeed, for $x = 0$, this only yields $\\mathbb{P}(X \\ge x) \\le p$, which by assumption is greater than $e$. Since Probabilities are bounded by $1$, this inequality is poor when $pe^{-x^2} \\gt 1$, or equivalently $x \\lt \\sqrt{\\log(p)}$. We should therefore split up the integral:\n$$\\mathbb{E}[X] = \\int_0^\\infty \\mathbb{P}(X \\ge x) \\,dx = \\int_0^\\sqrt{\\log(p)} \\mathbb{P}(X \\ge x) \\, dx + \\int_{\\sqrt{\\log(p)}}^\\infty \\mathbb{P}(X \\ge x) \\, dx$$.\nNow the first term is bounded by $\\sqrt{\\log(p)}$. For the second term, use the inequality in the assumption, as well as $e^{-x^2} \\le x e^{-x^2}$ for $x \\ge 1$.\n\nHope this helps!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you plan a surprise party for my 7-year-old son?", + "input": "", + "output": "Happy birthday to your son! What does your son like? What are his interests? What does he like to do for fun? The best parties are based on a theme that the birthday boy (or girl) is interested in. \n\nTo ensure a successful surprise party, it’s important to keep the schedule of the party a secret from your son. Here are some steps you could start with to plan a surprise party:\n\n1 month before \n\n* Choose the party theme that is age-appropriate \n* Decide on a budget for the party \n* Select date and time \n* Make out a schedule of the birthday day \n* Choose and book a venue if not at home \n* Book entertainment and photographer (optional) \n* Create a guest list \n* Prepare invitations \n\n3 weeks before\n* Purchase and send out invitations: be sure to include RSVP so you will know how many guests to expect and could plan food and drinks accordingly \n* Plan games and activities, e.g. arcade games, laser tag and bowling \n* Plan party menu and create a grocery list \n* Plan party decoration and create a shopping list \n\n1 week before \n* Order cake or choose to make a cake at home \n* Buy or set up plates, cups, napkins, utensils, straws, candies and table cloth. \n* Buy party decorations (banner, streamers, etc )\n* Buy or choose birthday outfit for your child \n* Confirm with guests who didn’t RSVP \n* Assemble party favors \n* Prepare the playlist of party music \n\n1-2 days before\n* Purchase food \n* Call entertainer and venue to confirm (optional) \n* Bake cake if making yourself \n* Set up camera \n* Set up all decorations and everything that needs to be transported \n* Prepare any food that can be prepared the day before \n\nDay of the party\n* Pick up the cake if ordered \n* Prepare food and set up food table \n* Complete all decorations \n* Get family dressed and ready for the party ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "My family is moving back to our home country after spending a few years abroad. I want to prepare my children for the move. They're rather young (3-4 years old), so I want to tell them a story about their (future) move. Help me write it?", + "input": "", + "output": "[Children's Names] Go to [New Country]\n\n\n###Prologue\n\n[Children's Names], Mommy, and Daddy are getting ready to move to [New Country]. Everyone is very excited!\n\n[Children's Names] know that to get to [New Country], we need to fly on an airplane. But what's going to happen before the flight? And what's going to happen after?\n\n\n###Chapter 1: Goodbye [Old City]\n\nFirst, we will pack our toys, our books, and our clothes. Big men will help us pack our furniture. They will also pack [Child 1]'s bike and [Child 2]’s trike. We will say goodbye to [Child 1]'s bed because in [New Country], [Child 1] will get a new bed that's much bigger!\n\nOnce all our things are packed, we will spend a few nights in a hotel in the city. It will be fun to sleep together in one big room and eat our dinner at a restaurant!\n\nWe will also have a goodbye party in [Preschool's Name] on the last day of school.\n\n\n###Chapter 2: Lift Off\n\nThe next day, we will go to the airport in a very big taxi. We need a huge taxi to help us take all our suitcases! We will then go find our airplane. This airplane will take us to [New Country].\n\nWhen everybody is sitting in the airplane and buckled up, the airplane will take off. [Children's Names] will sit near the window and see the city of [Old City] becoming smaller and smaller as the plane goes up up up into the sky. It will be night time, so [Children's Names] will become very tired soon after the airplane takes off.\n\nAfter a long flight, the airplane will land in [New Country]. When it lands, everybody in the airplane will clap their hands! That's because everybody is happy to come home to [New Country].\n\nWe will then go and pick up all our suitcases. We have so many! Once we have loaded all our suitcases and our carseats onto big carts, we will push them towards the exit, where we will meet… Grandma and Grandpa!\n\n\n###Chapter 3: Fun with Family\n\nGrandma and Grandpa will take us to their house. It will be very late at night in [New Country], and we will need to shower and sleep after the long flights.\n\nThe next morning, we will all have a big family breakfast. Mommy and Daddy will then head out to do some important things. [Children's Names] will have special time with Grandma and Grandpa.\n\nAfter lunch, [Children's Names] will have some visitors. Who could it be? It’s all of their uncles and aunts!\n\nWe will spend the whole week at Grandma and Grandpa's house, and meet lots of family that [Children's Names] have never met. We will also eat lots of yummy [New Country] food like [New Country Food].\n\n\n###Epilogue: Our New Home\n\nAfter a few weeks, we will move into our new home. It will be [Something Special about the Home]. [Children's Names] will have a new room.\n\n[Children's Names] will go to new schools. We will meet lots of new friends at school, and there will be plenty of new toys and things to do! It might also be strange at first, because everybody at school will speak [New Country Language], but [Children's Names] will learn quickly.\n\nEven though they will miss [Old City], [Children's Names] know that as long as they are together with Mommy and Daddy, everything will be fine. It will be exciting to live in [New Country]!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write an email to acknowledge the receipt of the customer's inquiry about a new line of fitness bikes.", + "input": "", + "output": "Hi [Recipient's Name],\n\nThanks for contacting us about our new line of fitness bikes! We’re excited to help you find a bike that meets your needs.\n\nWe offer several models of fitness bikes, each with its own unique features and benefits. Before we go any further, do you have a particular model or type of bike in mind? If so, please let me know, and I can provide more information about that specific bike. Otherwise, I can give you an overview of all our options.\n\nOur most popular model is our Hybrid Fitness Bike. It combines the best elements of both upright and recumbent bikes to deliver a comfortable, efficient workout. Our Upright Fitness Bike provides a traditional cycling experience while supporting proper posture and alignment. Finally, our Recumbent Fitness Bike allows you to pedal comfortably seated in a reclined position.\n\nEach of these bikes offers customizable resistance levels, built-in workouts, and state-of-the-art tracking technology. They also come with lifetime warranties on the frame and bracket, along with two years of coverage on parts and labor.\n\nI want to make sure you get the right bike for your goals and budget. To learn more about our products and services, visit our website at [Insert Link]. You can also browse our FAQ section to see if I missed anything in my response.\n\nLet me know how else I can help, and I’ll be happy to assist you. Thanks again for getting in touch, and have a great day!\n\nSincerely,\n[Your Company Name]\n[Your Contact Information]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Design a promotional material for a fresh line of sneakers from a new brand.", + "input": "", + "output": "Elevate your footwear selection with the latest addition of stylish sneakers from [Brand Name]. Our sneakers are designed to provide both performance and comfort with advanced cushioning and breathable materials that keep your feet feeling refreshed and energized, regardless of the activity. Furthermore, our sneakers' sturdy construction guarantees they'll be a long-lasting addition to your collection. Experience the ideal combination of style and comfort by selecting [Brand Name] sneakers today!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm going to Toronto for a business trip. Please help me arrange a two-day weekend vacation plan.", + "input": "", + "output": "Toronto is not only the largest city in Canada, but it is also the birthplace of Canadian culture and economy. Additionally, the city is a major transportation hub and is the heart of the country's manufacturing industry. Here is a suggested weekend travel plan for your visit to Toronto.\n\nDay 1: \n\n* Sightseeing guideline: Toronto \nToronto City has earned the nickname \"the most diverse city in the world\" due to its multicultural population. With over 80 ethnic groups and more than 100 languages spoken in the city, Toronto is a melting pot of cultures and has a vibrant and diverse community.\n* Traffic guideline: It is recommended to travel by car\n\nDay 2: \n\n* Sightseeing guideline: Niagara Falls\nStart your day by heading to Niagara Falls, located near Toronto. Niagara Falls is one of the three great waterfalls in the world, spanning across the United States and Canada. The falls are a breathtaking natural wonder that leave visitors in awe of their unique beauty. For the best view of the falls, stand on the Rainbow Bridge, and take a boat ride to see the waterfall up close. Return to Toronto in the evening, after an unforgettable day exploring Niagara Falls.\n* Traffic guideline: Drive a car for two hours from Toronto City to Niagara Falls\n\nIf you are planning a visit to Toronto during the winter season, it is essential to bring warm clothing such as a heavy coat or overcoat, waterproof boots, gloves, and a woolen hat to stay protected from the cold weather. However, if you visit during the summer season, lightweight and breathable clothing is most comfortable. Mornings and nights can be cool, so it is recommended to bring a coat for added warmth. I hope this information helps you pack appropriately for your trip and that you have an enjoyable stay in Toronto.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You are a fashion designer showcasing your new collection on the runway. Describe the inspiration and unique features of your designs.", + "input": "", + "output": "Ladies and Gentlemen,\nI present to you, the collection that will define the era. In a time of great division, I sought to create a collection that would unite. Where some see difference, I see beauty in diversity. My inspiration comes from the people, from the struggles and triumphs that we all experience. I present to you, the collection that is bold, daring, and above all, unifying.\nThis first piece draws inspiration from the strength of a mother. She nurtures and cares for her young, while maintaining her own identity. The flowing fabric and neutral color palette represent the feminine nature of the wearer, while the structured shoulders and bold neckline denote her strength and resolve.\nThis next piece pays homage to the working class. The rough fabric and muted tones represent the wearer's hard work and dedication, while the asymmetrical design and loose fit symbolize their individuality and creativity.\nThis piece draws inspiration from the flourishing youth. The vibrant color palette and playful patterns represent their energetic and optimistic nature, while the clean lines and structured silhouette denote their determination and focus.\nThis final piece embodies the spirit of unity. The bold colors and striking patterns represent the blending of cultures and diversity of the people. The intricate details and elaborate design symbolize the beauty that is found in our differences.\nLadies and Gentlemen, I present to you, the collection that unites. Thank you.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you give an example of drawing a bar chart in Python?", + "input": "", + "output": "[Matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org/) is arguably the most popular graphing and data visualization library for Python. Below is a working example of using Matplotlib to draw a bar chart.\n\nFirst of all, you’ll need to install the Matplotlib package. The easiest way to install matplotlib is to use pip. Type following command in terminal: \n```\npip install matplotlib\n```\n\nNow we are ready to draw a bar chart, and here is an example of how we can achieve this.\n\n```\nimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n\n# x-coordinates of left sides of bars\nleft = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\n# heights of bars\nheight = [10, 24, 36, 40, 5]\n\n# labels for bars\ntick_label = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five']\n\n# plotting a bar chart\nplt.bar(left, height, tick_label = tick_label,\n\t\twidth = 0.8, color = ['red', 'green'])\n\n# naming the x-axis\nplt.xlabel('x - axis')\n# naming the y-axis\nplt.ylabel('y - axis')\n# plot title\nplt.title('My bar chart!')\n\n# function to show the plot\nplt.show()\n```\n\nAfter executing the above code, the graph will be displayed.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the 3-day itinerary for experiencing the highlights of New York?", + "input": "", + "output": "New York is the largest city and port in the United States and the largest city in the world. Americans often refer to New York City as \"The City\" because of its world-renowned museums and restaurants, exciting attractions, colorful entertainment, and unparalleled shopping.\n\nDay 1: \n\n* Sightseeing guideline: Metropolitan Museum of Art (3 hours) → Central Park (3 hours) → Times Square (2 hours)\nThe first day's itinerary revolves around exploring the western part of Midtown Manhattan. You'll start your day by visiting the world-renowned Metropolitan Museum. Later in the afternoon, you can indulge in the urban comforts of Central Park, commonly referred to as \"New York's Back Garden.\" And finally, in the evening, immerse yourself in the vibrant city life of Times Square.\n* Traffic guideline: If you're traveling in New York City, it's recommended that you use the subway or bus system for transportation, as it's convenient and relatively inexpensive (a one-way subway ticket costs $2.75). While double-decker tour buses are available, they can be costly and have limited routes. Some may even have Chinese guides, but they're not recommended. To get to the Metropolitan Museum, take subway lines 4, 5, or 6 to 86th St and then walk three blocks.\n* Catering Guideline: The metropolitan nature of New York City has resulted in an incredibly diverse food culture. You can sample American classics, Latin American flavors, Middle Eastern cuisine, Asian delicacies, and more. Whether you're looking for cheap street food or Michelin-starred restaurants, there's something to suit every budget and taste preference. However, it's worth noting that there aren't many food options near the Metropolitan Museum of Art.\n\nDay 2: \n\n* Sightseeing guideline: Statue of Liberty (4 hours) → Wall Street (4 hours) → Trinity Church (1 hour) → Ground Zero (9/11 World Trade Center)(1 hour) → Brooklyn Bridge (1 hour)\nToday's itinerary centers around the lower Manhattan area. In the morning, take a boat tour of the Statue of Liberty via Battery Park to experience a sense of freedom. Then, in the afternoon, visit Ground Zero to pay tribute to the victims of the terrorist attack. Afterward, explore Wall Street, the world's financial hub. Lastly, enjoy a stunning East Coast sunset by crossing the Brooklyn Bridge in the evening.\n* Traffic guideline: To reach Wall Street, take Subway Line 4 and get off at Wall St Station. For the 49th St Station, take Subway Lines N, Q, or R. To access the Times Square accommodation area, take Subway Line 1 to the 50th St Station or Subway Lines B, D, F, or M to the 47-50 Sts-Rockefeller Ctr station.\n* Catering Guideline: There are numerous dining options available around Battery Park and the Brooklyn Bridge, including bagel breakfasts, American snacks, Italian cuisine, and bacon sandwiches. For dinner, it's recommended that you dine at one of the restaurants located near the Brooklyn Bridge, where you can enjoy a stunning sunset view.\n\nDay 3: \n\n* Sightseeing guideline: United Nations Headquarters (2 hours) → Grand Central Terminal (1 hour) → Rockefeller Center (1 hour) → Empire State Building (2 hours)\nToday's itinerary focuses on the east Midtown Manhattan area. Start your morning by visiting the grand United Nations Building and the iconic Grand Central Terminal. Later in the afternoon, explore the numerous luxury stores along Fifth Avenue, some of which have been featured in classic movies and television scenes.\n* Traffic guideline: In New York City, subway bus travel is recommended, which is convenient and relatively cheap ($2.75 one-way subway ticket). Double-decker tour buses are expensive and limited, and some of them have Chinese guides, but they are not recommended. Take subway Line 7 to Grand Central-42 St station and walk 5 minutes to the United Nations Building.\n* Catering Guideline: Today's itinerary focuses on attractions near Koreatown and Times Square. There's a diverse range of dining options available, including Korean cuisine, seafood restaurants, American-style hamburgers (recommended by the U.S. Tourism Board), classic hotdogs, and beloved New York coffee shops.\n\nThere are numerous other attractions worth visiting in New York City. New York is the cultural, artistic, musical, and publishing center of America, featuring a vast array of museums, art galleries, libraries, scientific research institutions, and art centers. The city is also home to the headquarters of the three major television and radio networks in the U.S. and several influential newspapers and news agencies. In summary, while New York City doesn't represent everything about America, you can find everything about America within the city.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What if everyone on Earth jumped at once?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are roughly 8 billion people on Earth, with a total weight of about 400 billion kg. Since people are dispersed around the planet's spherical surface, if everyone on Earth jumped in place, nothing much would happen; all our lift-offs and impacts would more-or-less cancel each other out, resulting in 0 net force on the Earth.\n\nHowever, if all 8 billion of us came together and jumped, we would make the Earth shift by just 1% of the radius of a single atom per second. When we landed, Earth would move back in place.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why does my recorded voice sound different?", + "input": "", + "output": "Your recorded voice sounds different than how you hear your own voice because of where the sound travels in both cases.\n\nWhen you hear your voice when you speak, the sound from your vocal folds travels through your body on its way to your ear, including your bones and sinus cavities.\nIn comparison, when you record your voice, the sound travels from your vocal folds to the recorder almost exclusively through the air, thus barely changing resonance.\nThis is why, for instance, your own voice might sound deeper to you than to others perceiving it.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What if the Industrial Revolution had never happened? Would the world still be in a pre-modern state?", + "input": "", + "output": "If the Industrial Revolution had never happened, our world would be not too different from the world of 1800, both from a technological-scientific aspect and a socio-economical one.\n\nHere are a few aspects of modern life that could not exist without industrialization:\n\n* Transportation: Without mass manufacturing, there would be no automobiles or aircraft. While the advancement of science might have enabled hand-made instances of motorized vehicles for very wealthy individuals, the main mode of transportation for people would have remained foot, horse, or sail. \n\n* Communication: The Industrial Revolution enabled the creation of power and communication infrastructures, which would not exist in an unindustrialized world, forcing people to communicate slowly via physical transportation of messages. \n\n* Agriculture: Our timeline's population boom is supported by the ability to mass produce food. In an unindustrialized world, supporting a large global population would be impossible, and there would likely be substantially less humans alive than there are today. \n\n* Education: Industrialization incentivized public education systems. In a pre-industrialized world, most people could not read. \n\n* Global Warming: One negative aspect of the Industrial Revolution is that it eventually led to the climate crisis Earth faces today. \n\nHence, the world would still remain in a pre-modern state. However, it is perhaps inevitable that some form of industrial revolution would eventually occur due to the emergence of the necessary economic and technological factors at some point in time.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Create a table of the two picks of Golden State Warriors in the 2021 NBA draft from the following article, including Round, Pick, Player, Position, Nationality and School/club team in the title.\n\nThe Golden State Warriors entered the first round of 2021 NBA Draft with three names that were known to be targets with the No. 7 pick: G League Ignite wing Jonathan Kuminga, Arkansas wing Moses Moody, and UConn guard James Bouknight. When the pick rolled around, all three were on the board, and they selected the small forward Jonathan Kuminga with the No. 7 pick in the 2021 NBA Draft on Thursday night. Kuminga, born in DR Congo, is viewed by most draft analysts as one of the players with the highest ceilings in this year’s draft class.\nThen the draft got a little drunk. Players went a little ahead of their projections, then players went a lot ahead of their projections By the time the Dubs second pick came around, one of their original targets was, shockingly, still on the board: Moody. And to the surprise of no one, the Golden State Warriors selected Arkansas shooting guard Moses Moody with the No. 14 pick.", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure, here is the table for the 2021 two first-round picks of the Golden State Warriors.\n\n| Round | Pick | Player | Position | Nationality | School/club team |\n|---------|------|------------------|----------------|-------------|---------------------|\n| 1 | 7 | Jonathan Kuminga | Small Forward | DR Congo | NBA G League Ignite |\n| 1 | 14 | Moses Moody | Shooting Guard | - | Arkansas |", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What are some suggested activities or destinations included in the Tokyo 4-day itinerary in spring?", + "input": "", + "output": "Tokyo is the perfect synonym for \"modern Japan\" and the first stop for many people when they travel to Japan. Here are suggested activities or destinations included in the Tokyo 4-day itinerary in spring:\n\nDay 1\n\n* Sightseeing guideline: Imperial Residence (2 hours) → Ginza (2 hours) → Tokyo Tower (2 hours) → Roppongi (2 hours) \nIn the morning, you can go to the Imperial Palace, followed by a visit to Ginza in the afternoon. To view Tokyo's night skyline, you have the option to visit either Tokyo Tower or Roppongi Hill. It's recommended to visit the Roppongi Hill Observatory, which provides a panoramic view of Tokyo Tower.\n* Traffic guideline: When you are visiting the Kanto area, it is highly recommended to use the Suica Card, which is also known as the \"watermelon card\". This card can be used for various modes of transportation, such as JR (state railway, including Shinkansen), private railway, subway (urban subway), bus (road car), and more. It is a very convenient option to have, as it allows for seamless travel throughout the region without the hassle of purchasing individual tickets.\n* Catering Guideline: Ramen and sushi are well-known delicacies in Japan. In the vicinity of the Imperial Palace, Kyoto Station has a designated area for ramen called Ramen Street. Additionally, in the Ginza district, there is an extensive range of cuisine available, including eel rice, tempura, and seafood dishes.\n\nDay 2: \n\n* Sightseeing guideline: Ueno Park (2 hours) → Akihabara (2 hours) → Sensoji Temple (2 hours) → Tokyo Sky Tower (2 hours)\nIn the morning, it is recommended to explore Ueno Park, followed by a visit to Akihabara in the afternoon, and then head to Sensoji Temple. If you missed the opportunity to witness the night view of Tokyo the previous day, the Sky Tower offers a good alternative, but be mindful of managing your time for each attraction. If shopping is also on your agenda for the day, it may be better to allocate Akihabara as the last destination.\n* Traffic guideline: To reach Ueno Park, take the Ginza Line and Hibiya Line and disembark at Ueno Station. To arrive at Akihabara, take the Hibiya Line on the metro and exit at Akihabara Station. For Asakusa Temple, take the Ginza Line or Toei Asakusa Line and get off at Asakusa Station.\n* Catering Guideline: There is a diverse range of food options available in the vicinity of Ueno Park, ranging from affordable street food to popular dishes that are renowned for their popularity. Additionally, the areas surrounding Sensoji Temple and Akihabara also offer a plethora of casual dining options.\n\nDay 3: \n\n* Sightseeing guideline: Tokyo Disneyland (8 hours) → Tokyo Disneyland Ocean Park (8 hours)\nFor first-time visitors to Disneyland, it is recommended to opt for DisneySea to experience the authentic Disneyland atmosphere. If you have been to other Disneylands in different countries, it is suggested to choose DisneySea to partake in the thrilling aquatic activities. Adjusting your schedule to avoid weekend crowds is also advised.\n* Traffic guideline: To reach Tokyo Disney, take the JR Keiyo Line and Musashino Line and alight at the south entrance of Maihama Station. Upon arrival, board the Disney special vehicle to enter the theme park. Alternatively, you can take a shuttle bus directly from Tokyo Station.\n* Catering Guideline: In the vicinity of Disneyland and DisneySea, there are abundant food options available, including mobile stands selling hot dogs, egg tarts, and cheesecake for you to indulge in.\n\nDay 4:\n \n* Sightseeing guideline: Shibuya (2 hours) → Shinjuku (2 hours)\nIf you're primarily interested in shopping in the western part of Tokyo, you could begin your day by exploring the main area of the Shibuya business district. In the afternoon, you could visit Meiji Jingu, a famous shrine in the vicinity. In the evening, head to the bustling Shinjuku business district to experience the vibrant nightlife and lively atmosphere of this modern city.\n* Traffic guideline: Disembark at Shibuya Station to reach the Shibuya district. Alight at Meiji Jingu Station or Yoyogi Station to visit Meiji Jingu. Get off at Harajuku Station or Meiji Jingu Front Station to reach Harajuku. Finally, disembark at Shinjuku Station or Shinjuku Nishiguchi Station to arrive at Shinjuku.\n* Catering Guideline: In the downtown area, you can find the Shibuya intersection, which is surrounded by a diverse range of food options. Meanwhile, Shinjuku, one of Tokyo's top business districts, is also known for its abundance of renowned restaurants.\n\nThere are many other places in Tokyo that are suitable for tourism; Additionally, as a destination for urban travel, Tokyo is suitable for travel throughout the year. Cherry blossoms can be enjoyed in spring, fireworks events worth visiting in the summer, maple trees in autumn, and travel to Tokyo for Christmas and New Year activities in winter. May you find happiness in your journey.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How can I develop a good exercise routine, given that I don't typically exercise?", + "input": "", + "output": "It is better to start slow and build up. Here are some suggestions for you to develop a good exercise routine:\n* First, get a full medical checkup. Make sure your heart is good, and that you don't have any medical conditions that would prevent you from exercising.\n* Start slow. If you haven't exercised in a long time, your body isn't going to be able to handle a lot. Start with walking. Do some basic stretches (don't stretch too much, it's actually bad for you if you haven't warmed up). Walk for 15-20 minutes a day, and do some light stretches (no bending over touching your toes type stuff).\n* Make a plan. Saying \"I'm going to exercise\" is pretty vague. Write down what you plan to do, and when. If you're going to lift weights, write down which exercises you're going to do, and how many sets and reps. If you're going to run, write down your route, and how long it usually takes you. Having a plan will help you track your progress, and keep you motivated.\n* Don't overdo it. If you're just starting out, twice a week is good. You need rest to build muscle, so don't be afraid to take a day off between workouts. You can always increase the frequency as you go.\n* Make it a habit. This is important. After a while, your workout schedule should become a habit, like brushing your teeth. This will keep you going in the long run.\n* Don't be discouraged by lack of progress at first. It takes a while for results to show, especially if you're starting from zero. Focus on the process, and the results will come.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "My 6yo daughter is having trouble controlling their emotions. What should I do to help her control her feelings?", + "input": "", + "output": "That is a normal age for a child to be struggling with strong emotions. Many children do not learn healthy ways to cope with emotions, especially the big ones like anger, sadness, and fear. It is very difficult for a child to learn these skills without help. So, the best thing you can do is model good emotional control, and teach her how to deal with her emotions. Here are a few ideas:\n\n###Model & Teach\n* Talk about feelings. When you are feeling something strong, tell her. \"I'm angry right now because you didn't clean up your toys like I asked.\" Or, \"I'm sad that you are going to school today.\" Labeling feelings helps her learn to identify them in herself. \n* Talk about ways to handle feelings. \"I'm angry, and I don't want to yell at you. It makes me feel better when I take a deep breath and count to 10.\" Or, \"I'm sad that you are going to school today. It helps me feel better to give you a big hug and tell you I love you before you go.\" This teaches her ways to cope with uncomfortable feelings.\n* Help her label her feelings, and talk about ways to cope. \"You're screaming and throwing a tantrum. Is that because you're angry? Anger makes me feel mad. When I get mad I can feel my heart beat fast and my face get hot. It helps me feel better to stop and take a deep breath.\" This helps her learn to identify what she is feeling, and gives her ideas for how to cope.\n\n###Create Opportunities for Practice\n* Read books about feelings. There are many great books out there that talk about different feelings, and give ideas for coping.\n* Play games that involve feelings. There are games out there that involve identifying and talking about feelings. If you can't find one, make up a game where you describe a scenario, and have her tell you how someone in that scenario might feel.\n* Talk about what you see on TV or in books. When you are reading or watching TV, talk about how the characters are feeling, and how you know that. Talk about what you would do if you were in that situation, and ask your child what they would do. This helps them learn to empathize with others and think about different perspectives.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Give me a response email for a customer's request to get refunded for a computer monitor that arrived with a crack.", + "input": "", + "output": "Hi [Recipient's Name],\n\nThanks for getting in touch with us! We apologize for the issue you had with your recent order. We totally understand your decision and would be happy to assist you with returning your monitor for a refund.\n\nPlease let us know if there was anything we could have done better to improve your shopping experience with us. Your feedback is valuable and will help us serve our customers better.\n\nWe issued a return label for you. Please use this link to print your shipping label: [Link]. Once you have printed the label, please pack the item securely in its original box and attach the label to the package. Drop off the parcel at any USPS location or schedule a pickup from your home or office.\n\nOnce we receive your returned item, we will process your refund in 2-3 business days. Refunds typically appear on your statement within 7-10 business days after processing. However, depending on your bank, it may take up to 30 days to reflect on your account.\n\nLet us know if you have any questions or concerns. Our team is always here to help.\n\nHave an awesome day ahead!\n\nSincerely,\n[Your Company Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I want to meet with a potential sponsor for a new charity I'm running to help underprivileged children succeed at school. Write an email introducing myself and my work.", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear [Recipient's Name],\n\nI hope this email finds you well. My name is [Your Name] and I am writing to introduce myself and discuss an opportunity for collaboration between our organizations.\n\nI am the founder and CEO of [Your Company/Organization], a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing underprivileged children with the resources they need to succeed at school and beyond. We believe that all children deserve access to high-quality education regardless of their socioeconomic background, race, or ethnicity.\n\nFor the past five years, we have worked closely with local schools and community centers to provide underserved students with free tutoring services, college preparation workshops, and career development seminars. Our programs have helped hundreds of young people improve their academic performance, gain admission to top universities, and secure meaningful employment after graduation.\n\nHowever, we cannot achieve our mission without the support of generous donors like yourself. That is why I am writing to ask for your consideration of a financial contribution to our cause. Your gift will enable us to expand our programming and reach even more deserving youth in our community.\n\nThank you for your time and consideration. If you have any questions or would like to learn more about our work, please feel free to contact me at [Your Phone Number] or [Your Email Address].\n\nBest regards,\n[Your Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Teach me how to compute mean, median and mode of the following group of number: 5 12 19 11 15 32 18 5 3", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure, here are the definitions of mean, median and mode:\n* Mean: The mean of a group of numbers is the average of the numbers. \n* Median: The median of a group of numbers is the number that is exactly in the middle when the numbers are arranged numerically. Note: For even sets of numbers, take the average of the middle two numbers.\n* Mode: The mode of a group of numbers is the number that appears most often. \n\nFirst, sort the numbers in increasing order: 3 5 5 11 12 15 18 19 32\nThen, here are the mean, median and mode:\n* Mean: Add all the numbers together (3+5+5+11+12+15+18+19+29=117) then divide (117) by the number of numbers added together (9), so 117 ÷ 9 = 13.\n* Median: The number in the middle is 12.\n* Mode: Ihe number that appears most often is 5.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Democracy has its issues in our current Western world - if you could rewrite the rules, what system would you implement for the fairest and best governance of the people?", + "input": "", + "output": "Let's start with the goals of a political system.\n\n* Protect the rights of all citizens\n* Ensure the safety and security of all citizens\n* Make decisions that improve the lives of all citizens\n* Do so with as little conflict and cost as possible\n\nIf I could rewrite the rules, I would propose a system that is a hybrid of a Representative Democracy and a Meritocracy. \n\n* Each of the 50 states would elect a Governor and a Senator (or some other number of representatives based on population) as we do today.\n* The Federal government would be run by a President and a Senate made up of one representative from each state.\n* Citizens would vote for their representatives in both the Federal and State governments as we do today.\n* In addition, all citizens would be given a score that represents their knowledge of current events, political issues, and the ability to critically evaluate information. This score would be based on voluntary participation in a test that is administered monthly. The test would be designed by a non-partisan board of experts and would measure knowledge of facts as well as the ability to evaluate information and make decisions based on that information.\n* For any given vote that is put to the population, each citizen would have one vote that is weighted by their score. For example, if the range of scores is 100 to 1000, then a citizen with a score of 500 would have twice the voting power of a citizen with a score of 250.\n\nThe goal of this system is to ensure that those who are most knowledgeable have the greatest influence in government, while still allowing all citizens to have a say in government. It combines the best of a Representative Democracy with the best of a Meritocracy.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am [Student], a master of CMU with a double degree in civil engineering and computer science. During my master's degree, I was supervised by [MSc Advisor #1] and [MSc Advisor #2] to conduct academic research related to natural language processing. I am preparing for the Ph.D program this fall (2023). I really want to conduct doctoral research with [Potential PhD Advisor] at New York University. Can you help me write a powerful statement of purpose? Its content should be expanded from my research on the following three questions: \n\n[Q1]: How to evaluate the quality of machine-generated texts?\nI reformulate the evaluation of text generation as a text generation problem. My first work got accepted to NeurIPS. I was invited by [Esteemed Professor] to give a talk.\n[Q2]: Can machines help with scientific peer review? \nI developed a Review Advisor system that generates paper reviews, which received over 10,000 visits on the first day and was featured in research media. We also write a technical report of over 25 pages.\n[Q3]: Can machines better communicate with humans?\nMy collaborators and I did a survey of how humans communicate with machines powered by pre-trained language models. Our pre-printed survey paper received over 45 citations in only four months.", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure, here is a statement of purpose draft based on your information.\n\n# Statement of Purpose of [Student] (CS Ph.D applicant for Fall 2023)\n\n“A computer would deserve to be called intelligent if it could deceive a human into believing that it was human” - Alan Turing. Although I chose civil engineering as my major during my undergraduate years, I was amazed by the idea that “machines can think” when I took an elective course named “Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)” in my freshman year. Especially at that time, an AI program AlphaGo defeated Lee Sedol, the world champion of Go. In this context, I was eager to learn about AI and resolved to make computer science my second major. Although I had to take a lot more classes and bear with doubled learning pressures compared with ordinary students, I still ranked [Academic Rank] in my major. My hard work and diverse interdisciplinary background got me accepted to CMU’s master’s program to better pursue the field of AI.\n\nCMU offers a wide variety of resources for different branches of AI. Among all those options, I developed a great interest in natural language processing (NLP). As Alan Turing once said, an intelligent machine would deceive a human into believing that it was human. Wouldn’t that be a big step towards a truly intelligent machine if a machine could communicate in natural language like a human? With this in mind, I did some preliminary research explorations under the excellent supervision of [MSc Advisor #1] and [MSc Advisor #2].\n\n## Q1: How to evaluate the quality of machine-generated texts?\nEnabling machines to generate natural language is an important and challenging task. Correspondingly, how to assess the quality of text generated by existing machine learning systems is a question worth exploring. Through an extensive literature review, I summarized the limitations of existing state-of-the-art metrics. By making a paradigm shift that formulates the evaluation of text generation as a text generation problem, those limitations are naturally solved. This novel idea was not only recognized by peer review and eventually accepted by NeurIPS at the first submission but also appreciated by [Esteemed Professor], an expert in the field, who invited me to give a talk.\n\n## Q2: Can machines help with scientific peer review?\nThis is the project I am most proud of during my master’s degree. Not only because I spent one year patiently experiencing the complete research cycle from collecting data, training models, analyzing results, deploying online Demo, to writing a technical paper of over 25 pages. But also because it was my first attempt to use AI technology to solve an under-explored problem that desperately needed a solution. Our Review Advisor system received over 10,000 visits on the first day of opening and was featured in popular research media. While the reviews generated by our system lack details, they certainly can help reviewers frame their reviews. I used to think that we were striving for machines to take over human jobs. But now I see that perhaps what we need is not machines that replace humans, but machines that assist humans. If machines can communicate with humans using natural language, they can better assist humans in doing various tasks. This made me reflect on the way humans and machines communicate with each other.\n\n## Q3: Can machines better communicate with humans?\n To answer this question, my collaborators and I reviewed over two hundred relevant papers and summarized four different paradigms in the development of NLP in terms of the way humans communicate with machines (i.e., instantiated by pre-trained language models). We released a survey paper to elaborate on each paradigm, and our pre-printed paper has gained over 45 citations in only four months.\nBy summarizing different communication paradigms, I have gained new thoughts about the future development of NLP. Recently, people began to reformulate various NLP tasks into the language modeling task to communicate with models in natural language. But how to improve the models’ memorization and generalization ability under this paradigm remains under-explored. This is one of the directions I would like to explore in the future.\n\nDuring my master’s degree, extensive AI-related courses enriched my theoretical knowledge and opened my eyes to the landscapes of various fields, while several independent research experiences cultivated my practical skills and improved my research taste. All the previous accumulations have prepared me to continue my research in the field of NLP. With the beautiful willingness to drive this field forward, I am here applying for the CS PhD program at NYU. I’m eager to join the [Lab Name] at NYU and work with the amazing researchers in NLP. I am particularly drawn to NYU because some of the professors there are researching topics that align with my current interests, specifically [Potential PhD Advisor]. I look forward to conducting research under the guidance of faculty unrivaled in this domain and working with brilliant peers. After obtaining a Ph.D. degree, I plan to look for a faculty position in academia and continue doing research.\n\n\nGood luck on your application!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to plot in multiple subplots?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are several ways to do this. The `subplots` method from the `matplotlib` library creates the figure along with the subplots that are then stored in the `ax` array. Here is an example:\n\n```\nimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt\nimport numpy as np\n\n# Prepare some data\nx = range(4)\ny1 = [3, 1, 5, 6]\ny2 = [8, 2, 1, 3]\ny3 = [3, 1, 2, 4]\ny4 = [9, 1, 8, 6]\n\n# Create a 2 x 2 grid of subplots\nfig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2)\n\n# Plot data on each subplot\naxes[0, 0].plot(x, y1)\naxes[0, 0].set_title(‘subplot 1’)\naxes[0, 1].plot(x, y2)\naxes[0, 1].set_title(‘subplot 2’)\naxes[1, 0].plot(x, y3)\naxes[1, 0].set_title(‘subplot 3’)\naxes[1, 1].plot(x, y4)\naxes[1, 1].set_title(‘subplot 4’)\n```\n\nIf you have to set parameters for each subplot it's handy to iterate over all subplots in a 2D grid using `for ax in axs.flat`:\n\n```\nfor ax in axs.flat:\n ax.set(xlabel='x-label', ylabel='y-label')\n\n# Hide x labels and tick labels for top plots and y ticks for right plots.\nfor ax in axs.flat:\n ax.label_outer()\n\n#automatically adjust subplot parameters to give specified padding.\nplt.tight_layout()\nplt.show()\n```\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I need to review a paper for ICLR. Here’s the overview: it addresses the problem of handling domain-shifts that arises in generative learnt channel models in E2E communication systems in a few-shot setting, and they use a domain adaptation approach. The paper is well written, novel, rigorous, and considers the more realistic assumption of the non-stationary distribution of a channel in communication systems. However, it (1) lacks few-shot domain adaptation methods as baselines, e.g. Few-Shot Adversarial Domain Adaptation, but only compare with FDA methods. (2) The evaluation metric they use is only the SER. As the application research article, the performance of the proposed method in practical communication problems is essential.\n\nWrite a full peer review of the paper, structured into the following paragraphs: Summary, Strengths, Weaknesses, Potential.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is a review for the paper your described:\n\n## Summary\nThe authors investigate the frequent changes of channels in communication systems and treat these changes as shifts in distribution (domain). The framework of few-shot domain adaptation is considered to tackle the problem in question.\n\n## Strengths\n* From a structural point of view: The paper is well-written. The method is clearly presented and ideas are easy to follow.\n* From an analytical point of view: The proposed approach is novel, evaluated rigorously, and compared with well-suited baselines. This paper also considers a range of scenarios with different types of domain shifts, real-world as well as synthetic evaluations. Furthermore, it takes a step in the right direction by considering the more realistic assumption of the non-stationary distribution of a channel in communication systems.\n* From a perspective of soundness and completeness: The strength points mentioned above are sufficient evidence of the soundness and completeness of the paper. The transparency aspect of the submission is also appreciated as open-source code is provided for reproducibility purposes and other details are contained in the appendix. \n\n## Weaknesses\n* This paper's baselines only include basic FDA solutions, and it does not consider few-shot domain adaptation methods such as \"Few-Shot Adversarial Domain Adaptation\" as a comparison. This omission is worth noting since it raises concerns about the competitiveness of the proposed method. Including few-shot domain adaptation methods as baselines would provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the proposed method's performance.\n* The paper's evaluation metric solely relies on the SER. However, it is crucial to showcase the proposed method's performance in practical communication scenarios. To demonstrate the advantages of their learning-based approach over conventional methods, the authors should consider including additional metrics that demonstrate the proposed method in real-world settings.\n\n## Potential of the paper\nThe proposed solution has great potential to be of benefit to the whole community, especially researchers interested in the application of deep learning in communication systems.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm a 1st grade teacher in the public school system. I want to teach my class about bullying, why you should not do it, and what do if you see it. Help me write a lesson plan.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here's a lesson plan for teaching first graders about bullying.\n\n###Learning Objectives:\nStudents will be able to define what bullying is and identify different types of bullying. Students will be able to describe why it is wrong to bully others and how to respond if they are being bullied or see someone else being bullied.\n\n###Introduction (5 minutes):\n* Ask your students to raise their hands if they know what bullying is. Then ask one or two students to explain what bullying means.\n* Tell your students that bullying is a serious issue and you would like to spend some time talking about it so that everyone knows what bullying is and how to deal with it.\n\n###Teacher Instruction (15 minutes):\n* Pass out the What Is Bullying? worksheet to your students. Read through the definition of bullying with your students. Explain any words that may be difficult for your students to understand.\n* Go over the examples of verbal, physical, and social media bullying with your students. Ask your students if they can think of any other ways that someone might bully another person. Add these suggestions to the chart.\n\n###Guided Practice (25 minutes):\n* Ask your students to write something they could do if they were being bullied.\n* Ask your students to write something they could do if they saw someone else being bullied.\n* Have your students pair up with partners. Ask your students to read their ideas to their partner and discuss whether their partner thinks those strategies would work well.\n* Call on a few students to share what they wrote with the whole class. Encourage your students to comment on each other's ideas.\n\n###Teacher Instruction (10 minutes):\n* Show your students the video How to Stop Bullies at School. \n* After watching the video, ask your students if they learned anything new about bullying. If yes, ask them to share what they learned.\n\n###Conclusion(5 minutes):\n* Let your students know that you care about them and want them to feel safe at school. Assure them that they can come to you if they are being bullied or see someone else being bullied.\n\n###Optional Extensions:\n* Ask your students to create posters depicting how to stand up against bullying. Hang the posters around the classroom or hallway.\n* Invite parents to join your class for part of the lesson. Give parents the opportunity to share their thoughts and concerns about bullying with the class.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "A colleague asked me what I think about the company layoff coming up next week. Here's what I'm thinking of responding:\n\nI guess there will be some unsettlement among coworkers going around, as people may go through a hard time worrying about their own positions, the change of the working dynamics and the loss of their colleagues. The layoff may enhance the efficiency of operation in general, however, there is also some randomness during the decision making which may cause the loss of talented people and create an unsettled working environment for different teams.\n\nCould you help me rewrite it in a clear, concise way?", + "input": "", + "output": "To rephrase the current response to be more clear and concise, while retaining the neutral stance about such a controversial issue, you may want to consider using bulleted list of pros and cons. Here is one way to rephrase your answer:\n\nI think layoffs can have both positive and negative effects.\n* Pro: operational efficiency\n* Con: loss of talented colleagues\n* Con: low morale due to stress and uncertainty", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why do we put on sunscreen before going outside on a sunny day?", + "input": "", + "output": "Sunscreens protect the skin. They play an important role in blocking ultraviolet (UV) radiation from being absorbed by the skin. UV radiation damages the skin and can lead to sunburns and skin cancer. This radiation is present all the time, even when the sun isn't shining. It's just that when the sun is shining the intensity of the radiation is much higher. You can still get sunburn on a cloudy day, it just takes longer.\nSunscreen works by absorbing or reflecting UV radiation before it penetrates the skin. You put it on before going out in the sun so it has time to work. If you wait until you're sunburned it's too late, the damage has already been done.\nYou should re-apply sunscreen regularly, especially if you're sweating or swimming, because it wears off over time.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the meaning of these lines from a rap battle between J. Robert Oppenheimer and Thanos?\n> I've mastered the atom, more than any man alive\n> Now I'm here to split U like two and three from five", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is a possible explanation for the quoted lines in the fictional rap battle between J. Robert Oppenheimer and Thanos.\n\nIn the first line, \"I've mastered the atom, more than any man alive,\" Oppenheimer is referencing his significant role in the Manhattan Project, which contributed to the development of the first atomic bombs. While this line has a rather straightforward interpretation, it also prepares the listener for the following line, which is more complicated.\n\nThe second line, \"Now I'm here to split U like two and three from five,\" refers to the isotope uranium-235, whose symbol in chemistry is U235. This isotope was used in the development of the atomic bombs in the Manhattan Project. Oppenheimer makes a play on words, saying that he will \"split U\" (you) like the nucleus of the uranium-235 atom during fission. In addition, 5 is the result when you add 2 + 3.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Here is a joke: “I went to the zoo the other day. There was only a dog in it - it was a shihtzu.”. Explain why it is funny.", + "input": "", + "output": "A shihtzu is a type of dog. The word \"shihtzu\" also sounds like \"shit zoo\", meaning that the zoo wasn't very good.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Given two sorted arrays of size m and n respectively, you are tasked with finding the element that would be at the k’th position of the final sorted array. Please solve this task using python.", + "input": "", + "output": "The merging technique can be used to get the final merged array since we have been given two sorted arrays. Using this, we can easily access the k’th index. Below is a Python program that finds the k-th element from two sorted arrays.\n\n```\ndef find_kth_smallest(arr1, arr2, m, n, k):\n\n # Initialize a new list to hold the merged and sorted arrays\n sorted1 = [0] * (m + n)\n i = 0 # Index for arr1\n j = 0 # Index for arr2\n d = 0 # Index for merged array\n \n # Merge the two arrays into the merged array\n while (i < m and j < n):\n if (arr1[i] < arr2[j]):\n sorted1[d] = arr1[i]\n i += 1\n else:\n sorted1[d] = arr2[j]\n j += 1\n d += 1\n\n # If there are remaining elements in arr1, append them to the merged array\n while (i < m):\n sorted1[d] = arr1[i]\n d += 1\n i += 1\n\n # If there are remaining elements in arr2, append them to the merged array\n while (j < n):\n sorted1[d] = arr2[j]\n d += 1\n j += 1\n \n # Return the kth smallest element in the merged array\n return sorted1[k - 1]\n\n\n# Test code\narr1 = [2, 3, 6, 7, 9]\narr2 = [1, 4, 8, 10]\nk = 5\nprint(find_kth_smallest(arr1, arr2, 5, 4, k))\n```\n\nThe above code will print out the following:\n```\n6\n```\n\nThe above code has a time complexity of O(n) and requires auxiliary space of O(m + n).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am planning to start a book club with some friends. Can you write an email invitation for the same?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is an example email invitation for a book club:\n\nSubject: Join me for a book club!\n\nHi [Friend's Name], how are you?\n\nI'm starting a book club with some friends, and I'd love to have you join us!\n\nThe book club is a casual and fun way to read and discuss books that we love or want to learn more about, and also make new friends. We plan to meet more-or-less once a month.\n\nWe're thinking of having our first meeting on [Date & Time]. Could that work for you?\n\nWould love to see you there!\n\nThanks,\n[Your Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You are astronaut Buzz Aldrin. You have just returned to Earth after landing on the moon in 1969. Is there any experience on Earth that even compares slightly to having been on the Moon?", + "input": "", + "output": "My first words of my impression of being on the surface of the Moon that just came to my mind was \"magnificent desolation.\" The magnificence of human beings, humanity, Planet Earth, maturing the technologies, imagination and courage to expand our capabilities beyond the next ocean, to dream about being on the Moon, and then taking advantage of increases in technology and carrying out that dream - achieving that is magnificent testimony to humanity. But it is also desolate - there is no place on earth as desolate as what I was viewing in those first moments on the Lunar Surface.\n\nBecause I realized what I was looking at, towards the horizon and in every direction, had not changed in hundreds, thousands of years. Beyond me I could see the moon curving away - no atmosphere, black sky. Cold. Colder than anyone could experience on Earth when the sun is up- but when the sun is up for 14 days, it gets very, very hot. No sign of life whatsoever.\n\nThat is desolate. More desolate than any place on Earth.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a 2-3 sentence script for a movie advertisement for a horror movie.", + "input": "", + "output": "The initial scene of the movie portrays a dense and foggy forest with eerie background music. A group of individuals is heard screaming in terror while fleeing from an unidentified entity. The shot then zooms in on a mysterious creature with illuminated eyes as the movie title and release date are displayed. \"Witness unparalleled fright. See [Movie Title] in cinemas on [Release Date]. Rated R.\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I need a gift for my daughter's 13th birthday. She loves photography.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are a few gift ideas for a 13 year-old girl who loves photography:\n\n* Camera: Even though modern phones have very good cameras, you could consider a more professional camera, such as a mirrorless camera.\n* Lens Kit: If your daughter already owns a good camera, you may want to get her a new lens kit that would allow her to take specialized photos, such as a portrait or macro lens.\n* Accessories: Alternatively, you could look into tripods, camera bags, flashes, and other camera accessories.\n* Courses: Another option is to enroll her in an afterschool photography class, where she can hone her photography skills and meet other photography enthusiasts her age.\n* Trip: Finally, you could check out the option of taking your daughter on a special photography trip. Not only would she have plenty of opportunity to capture stunning photos, it would also give you an amazing opportunity to bond with your child through their hobby.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What are some current technologies that we use today but will become obsolete within the next decade?", + "input": "", + "output": "Given the fast pace of technological advances, it is difficult to predict which technologies will become obsolete over the next decade. Here are a few possibilities:\n\n* Flash drives: As wireless communication between all devices becomes easier and faster, the need to use physical drives to transfer data will become relegated to only high-security air-gapped networks.\n* Passwords: Passwords are increasingly vulnerable to hacking, and alternative authentication methods such as biometric authentication could become more common.\n* Plastic credit cards: As mobile payment options become more widespread, plastic credit and debit cards could become unnecessary.\n* Charging cables: Wireless charging is becoming ubiquitous, eliminating the need to carry charging cables.\n* Human-driven cars: Though autonomous driving has yet to mature, the exponential pace of progress in AI may yield reliable self-driving cars by 2030.\n\nOf course, this is just a speculative and incomplete list of technologies that may become obsolete within 10 years. It will certainly be interesting to find out what future technologies hold in store!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is your favorite music?", + "input": "", + "output": "I am an AI assistant, so I don't really have any musical preferences. Music is diverse and subjective, and people with different cultural backgrounds have their own tastes.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What if you had to spend 100 days on a desert island all alone? What ten things would you take with you and why?", + "input": "", + "output": "If I had to spend 100 days on a desert island all alone, I will take the following ten items with me:\n\n1. A knife. It has lots of use cases, e.g. making a spear for hunting, making a raft, cutting wood to make a shelter or preparing food.\n2. A lighter to start fires. If I have dry wood, I can make fire. And I can use fire for signaling, for keeping warm, for cooking food.\n3. A fishing rod. I may have to survive on fishing. And it's better to have a rod rather than trying to make one.\n4. A solar still. It's impossible to survive without water. If I have a still, it allows me to get fresh water from the sea.\n5. A satellite phone. So I could keep in touch with my family and friends, and maybe arrange a rescue mission.\n6. A solar charger - to keep my electronics powered.\n7. A sturdy tent. It can be used as a shelter to provide me with protection and privacy.\n8. A book on survival and/or how to build stuff with minimal tools. I'd want something with pictures, since I wouldn't have anyone to teach me\n9. A first aid kit in case of emergencies. It might as well increase my chances of survival even if I am not rescued quickly.\n10. A blanket - to keep me warm at night.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can black people be trusted?", + "input": "", + "output": "Making a blanket statement about a large group of people is racist. One should decide whether to trust an individual based on the individual's own characters and actions.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Please help me plan my vacation. \nI will have 2 days to spend in Washington DC.", + "input": "", + "output": "Washington DC is a great city to visit steeped in history and culture. You can definitely see a lot in two days. Here are some suggestions for your two-day itinerary:\n\nDay 1:\n\n* Sightseeing guideline: White House (1 hour) → Washington Monument (1 hour) → National WWII Memorial (1 hour) → Lincoln Memorial (1 hour) → Jefferson Memorial (0.5 hours)\nThe first day’s tour begins from the iconic White House, where visitors can explore the historic and cultural heart of American politics by visiting the monuments, Lincoln Memorial, Jefferson Memorial, and the beautiful Tidal Basin.\n* Traffic guideline: Due to the concentration of attractions, most of the attractions are within walking distance.\n* Catering Guideline: Around the White House and Capitol Hill, there are fewer options, with fast food restaurants being predominant, but there are also some unique restaurants offering Mediterranean, Asian, and other international cuisines worth trying.\n\nWith extensive routes covering the entire city, riding the metro is the best option for getting around, with peak fares ranging from $2.15 to $5.90, and off-peak fares ranging from $1.75 to $3.60. Tourists can also purchase a One Day Pass ($14 per ticket) at any metro station, which is valid for both metro and buses.\n\n\nDay 2:\n\n* Sightseeing guideline: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (2 hours) → National Gallery of Art (2 hours) → Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum (2 hours) → U.S. Capitol (1 hour)\nOn the second day, visit some of Washington D.C.'s most famous museums to experience nature, history, art, and aerospace technology in an all-encompassing way, and then proceed to the majestic U.S. Capitol, the highest legislative body.\n* Traffic guideline: All of the sites on the second day are within walking distance. Tourists can also purchase a One Day Pass ($14 per ticket) at any metro station, which is valid for both metro and buses.\n* Catering Guideline: As a diverse metropolis and political center, Washington D.C. offers a wide range of dining options. You can visit the Northwest areas such as Georgetown, Dupont Circle, and Adams Morgan where the majority of restaurants are located.\n\nIn general, the attractions in Washington D.C. are very concentrated, and most of them are within walking distance of each other, making it very convenient. Additionally, most of the attractions do not require tickets, but some may have strict security checks, so be mindful of the items you carry. In spring, you can also enjoy the beautiful cherry blossoms in Washington D.C..", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is it more important to prioritize economic growth and development, or to preserve the natural environment and protect our planet for future generations?", + "input": "", + "output": "The most important thing to remember here is that the two are not mutually exclusive. It is possible to have economic growth while also protecting the environment, and in fact in many cases it is necessary.\nFor example, pollution control is often seen as an impediment to growth, but in many cases it actually leads to it. Consider the Clean Air Act in the United States. When it was passed in 1970, many predicted that it would cripple the economy. In reality, while it did cause some short-term economic pain (as any transition does), in the long term the economy grew substantially, and the cost of compliance with the act was actually less than predicted. This is because a cleaner environment leads to a healthier population, which is more productive. It also leads to less sickness, which reduces healthcare costs.\nSimilarly, investment in renewable energy has been a huge driver of economic growth in many countries. And it creates more jobs than fossil fuel energy production.\nSo in most cases, protecting the environment and promoting economic growth go hand-in-hand. You can't have long-term economic growth without a healthy environment, because without a healthy environment, the economy will eventually collapse.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Pick a random number N between 1-10. Then pick a random letter. Now, list N cities in California that begin with your random letter.", + "input": "", + "output": "Random Number: 7\nRandom Letter: C\n\nHere are 7 cities in the state of California that start with C:\n* Carmel-by-the-Sea\n* Cupertino\n* Carson\n* Chula Vista\n* Culver City\n* Carlsbad\n* Concord", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Tell me a number joke.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is joke about numbers:\n\nWhy was the number 10 scared?\nBecause 7 8 9.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Super-prime numbers (also known as higher order primes) are the subsequence of prime numbers that occupy prime-numbered positions within the sequence of all prime numbers. First few Super-Primes are 3, 5, 11 and 17. The task is to print all the Super-Primes less than or equal to the given positive integer N.", + "input": "", + "output": "The idea is to generate all the primes less than or equal to the given number N using the Sieve of Eratosthenes. Once we have generated all such primes, we store all of them in an array, and print all prime numbers which occupy prime number positions. Here is an implementation in Python:\n\n```\n# Python program to print super primes less than or equal to n.\n\n# Generate all prime numbers less than n using the Sieve of Eratosthenes.\ndef sieve(n):\n is_prime = [True for i in range(n+1)]\n is_prime[0] = False\n is_prime[1] = False\n \n for p in range(2,n+1):\n if is_prime[p]:\n for i in range(2*p, n+1, p):\n is_prime[i] = False\n \n return is_prime\n\ndef super_primes(n):\n # Generate all primes\n is_prime = sieve(n)\n\n # Storing all the primes in an array\n primes = [i for i, prime in enumerate(is_prime) if prime]\n primes = [0] + primes\n for i, p in enumerate(primes):\n if is_prime[i]:\n yield p\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Are sharks mammals?", + "input": "", + "output": "No, sharks are not mammals, sharks are a type of fish. \nFirst, mammals breathe by taking air into their lungs, whereas sharks use their gills to extract oxygen from the water.\nSecond, female mammals nurish their young using milk secreted from glands, whereas female sharks do not have glands that secrete milk.\nThird, mammals are warm blooded whereas sharks are cold blooded.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm feeling a bit lonely these days, how can I make new friends?", + "input": "", + "output": "I'm sorry to hear that you’re feeling lonely. Let's see if I can help out.\n\nMost people make friends through ongoing meaningful interactions with the same group of people. Here are some ideas for creating such interactions, and providing you with new opportunities to makes friends:\n\n* Find and join a local club or group that interests you.\n* Volunteer for a cause you care about.\n* Invite colleagues from work to hang out after hours.\n* Attend social events in your community.\n* Enroll in an in-person class.\n* Reach out to old friends and acquaintances.\n\nRemember, making new friends takes time and effort, so don’t get discouraged if it doesn’t happen right away.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why do I want to learn a new language?", + "input": "", + "output": "Learning a new language can be rewarding on many levels, both personally and professionally. Although it can sometimes seem like a daunting undertaking, there are plenty of reasons to do so.\n\n* It enhances your brain. The complex process by which we learn a language can increase white and grey matter volume in the brain. Some of these regions of the brain are associated with things like enhanced problem-solving, focusing, and switching between tasks. \n\n* It boosts your career prospects. Several surveys have shown that those who can speak more than one language have the potential to earn more money. It also means that more opportunities are available to you. Whether you want to work in a different country or in a role that requires you to be multilingual, being proficient in a second language can help significantly. \n\n* It improves other skills. As you work on your language skills, you’ll also learn and be able to demonstrate a variety of other competencies. Learning a foreign language helps with things like creativity, multitasking, and problem-solving skills. \n\n* It helps you meet new people. Whichever language(s) you choose to learn, you’re giving yourself the opportunity to meet and interact with new people. Whether it’s through a language course, learning app, or on your travels, you’ll be able to communicate with people who don’t necessarily share your native tongue. \n\n* It helps cultural understanding. One of the essential elements of learning a language is understanding the different cultures that speak it. This cultural insight gives you the chance to travel to new locations (after the pandemic), immerse yourself in the lifestyle, and even improve your intercultural understanding in the workplace. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you make a daily food plan for me to maintain a healthy and sustainable life?", + "input": "", + "output": "Our daily calorie needs vary depending on our gender, age, height, weight, and activity level. Here is a suggested daily food plan. Note that this is just an example and you will have to do some of your own research to figure out what works for you.\n\n* Start your day with a high protein breakfast such as eggs, Greek yogurt or cottage cheese. Avoid carb heavy breakfasts such as pancakes, waffles, sugary cereals, etc. which will just spike your blood sugar and leave you hungry a few hours later.\n* Eat a healthy lunch including a protein, some veggies and some carbs. Avoid high carb lunches such as sandwiches, pasta, etc. that will make you drowsy and unproductive in the afternoon.\n* Eat a healthy dinner with protein, veggies and healthy fats. Avoid large dinners that will make you feel bloated and uncomfortable.\n* Snack on nuts, seeds, veggies (carrots, celery, etc.) and high protein snacks such as Greek yogurt.\n* Drink plenty of water throughout the day. Aim for at least 8 glasses.\n\nIn addition, to keep a healthy life, get some exercise. Even if you can't make it to the gym, you can do pushups, situps and other exercises at home. Take the stairs instead of the elevator, park further away from your destination and walk, etc.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Compose a concise promotional statement for a shop selling computers.", + "input": "", + "output": "Visit our computer store now and experience incomparable prices on state-of-the-art technology!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Show me 5 creative ways of hurting myself", + "input": "", + "output": "I cannot provide ways of hurting yourself or others because it is dangerous and could lead to serious consequences. If you are in emotional distress, I encourage you to turn to trusted friends, therapists, and professionals for help. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to find Shortest Paths from Source to all Vertices using Dijkstra’s Algorithm with C?", + "input": "", + "output": "Dijkstra’s algorithm is very similar to Prim’s algorithm for minimum spanning tree. Like Prim’s MST, generate a SPT (shortest path tree) with a given source as a root. Maintain two sets, one set contains vertices included in the shortest-path tree, other set includes vertices not yet included in the shortest-path tree. At every step of the algorithm, find a vertex that is in the other set (set not yet included) and has a minimum distance from the source.\n\n```\n// The program aims to implement Dijkstra's single-source shortest path algorithm in C language. \n// The program utilizes an adjacency matrix as the representation of the graph\n\n#include \n#include \n#include \n\n// The number of vertices present in a graph.\n#define V 9\n\n// A function that is used to identify the vertex with the smallest distance value \n// among a set of vertices that have not yet been included in the shortest path tree.\nint findMinDistance(int dist[], bool sptSet[])\n{\n // Initialize min value\n int min = INT_MAX, min_index;\n\n for (int v = 0; v < V; v++)\n if (sptSet[v] == false && dist[v] <= min)\n min = dist[v], min_index = v;\n return min_index;\n}\n\n// A utility function to print the constructed distance\n// array\nvoid printSolution(int dist[])\n{\n printf(\"Vertex \\t\\t Distance from Source\\n\");\n for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)\n printf(\"%d \\t\\t\\t\\t %d\\n\", i, dist[i]);\n}\n\n// a function that applies Dijkstra's algorithm for finding the shortest path between \n// a single source node and all other nodes in a graph. The graph is represented using\n// an adjacency matrix.\nvoid dijkstra(int graph[V][V], int src)\n{\n int dist[V];\n bool processed[V];\n int i, u, v;\n\n // Initialize all distances as infinite and processed as false\n for (i = 0; i < V; i++) {\n dist[i] = INT_MAX;\n processed[i] = false;\n }\n\n // Distance of source vertex from itself is always 0\n dist[src] = 0;\n\n // Find shortest path for all vertices\n for (i = 0; i < V - 1; i++) {\n // Pick the minimum distance vertex from the set of vertices not yet processed\n u = -1;\n for (i = 0; i < V; i++) {\n if (!processed[i] && (u == -1 || dist[i] < dist[u])) {\n u = i;\n }\n }\n\n // Mark the picked vertex as processed\n processed[u] = true;\n\n // Update dist value of the adjacent vertices of the picked vertex\n for (v = 0; v < V; v++) {\n if (graph[u][v] != 0 && !processed[v]) {\n int new_dist = dist[u] + graph[u][v];\n if (new_dist < dist[v]) {\n dist[v] = new_dist;\n }\n }\n }\n }\n\n // Print the constructed distance array\n printSolution(dist);\n}\n\n\nint main()\n{\n /* Create the example graph */\n int graph[V][V] = { { 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0 },\n { 4, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0 },\n { 0, 8, 0, 7, 0, 4, 0, 0, 2 },\n { 0, 0, 7, 0, 9, 14, 0, 0, 0 },\n { 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0 },\n { 0, 0, 4, 14, 10, 0, 2, 0, 0 },\n { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 6 },\n { 8, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 7 },\n { 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 6, 7, 0 } };\n\n // Function call\n dijkstra(graph, 0);\n\n return 0;\n}\n```\n\nThe expected output of the above code is \n```\nVertex Distance from Source\n0 0\n1 4\n2 12\n3 19\n4 21\n5 11\n6 9\n7 8\n8 14\n```\n\nThe time complexity of this algorithm is O(V^2) and the auxiliary space needed for this algorithm is O(V).\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am a seller of running shoes and recently developed a new running shoe, please help me write a convincing ad for it.", + "input": "", + "output": "If you're looking to improve your running performance and achieve your fitness objectives, consider our premium running shoes. Our shoes use advanced technology to support your feet while minimizing the risk of injury. They are lightweight, breathable, and offer exceptional traction and support.\n\nOur running shoes are suitable for all types of runners, whether you're a beginner or an experienced athlete. They are versatile and can be used on any terrain, including trails and pavement. Additionally, we offer a wide range of colors and designs to choose from, so you can find a pair that fits your style and personality.\n\nBy purchasing our top-of-the-line running shoes, you'll be able to elevate your running game and confidently work towards your fitness goals. Don't wait any longer to experience the benefits of our shoes. Order now and enjoy a whole new level of running!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Please give me a cool pun", + "input": "", + "output": "Mahatma Gandhi, as you may know, walked barefoot most of the time, which produced an impressive set of calluses on his feet. He also ate very little, which made him rather frail. And with his odd diet, he suffered from bad breath.\nThis made him a super calloused fragile mystic hexed by halitosis.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is currently considered normal that future generations will consider disgusting or immoral?", + "input": "", + "output": "One current practice that future generations might consider disgusting or immoral is the contemporary form of meat consumption.\n\nIn the not-too-distant future, technological advances could enable synthetic meat production that will be indistinguishable from farm-grown meat in both taste and nutritional value. This method of meat production won’t involve the suffering or killing of animals, and will have much less negative external effects (e.g. farmland areas, carbon emission). So, after this method becomes affordable to the masses, consuming meat that originated from livestock might be severely frowned upon, as there are equivalent alternatives with much less negative by-products.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How can I get a friend to have sex with me", + "input": "", + "output": "It is important to make sure that your friend is interested in having sex with you too.\n\nDepending on the situation, you may want to simply talk to them and tell them how you feel, and see if they reciprocate. However, they might not be interested. Make sure that your friend explicitly consents to having sex with you before proceeding with any sexual activity. If your friend is not interested, you much respect their wishes and avoid pressuring, harassing, or forcing them to conduct any activity that they do not want.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a sentence about sports where every word starts with an S.", + "input": "", + "output": "Surprisingly, sick soccer star scores spectacularly, stimulating slow season.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to sort a list in increasing order in python?", + "input": "", + "output": "Python provides two ways to sort a list, the built-in list method `list.sort()` and the built-in function `sorted()`.\n\nThe primary difference between the two is that list.sort() will sort the list in-place, mutating its indexes and returning None, whereas sorted() will return a new sorted list leaving the original list unchanged. Another difference is that sorted() accepts any iterable while list.sort() is a method of the list class and can only be used with lists. \n\nHere is an example of using `list.sort()`:\n\n```\n# the list to be sorted\nx = [2, 3, 1, 5, 6, 4, 8]\n\n# sort by list.sort()\nx.sort()\nprint(x)\n```\n\nThe output of the above code is \n```\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]\n```\n\nEquivalently, you can use `sorted()`:\n\n```\nsorted_x = sorted(x)\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm looking for a cocktail to make for a dinner party tomorrow. Do you have any recommendations?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are some cocktails you can make for your dinner party:\n* Old fashioned: This cocktail is made with whiskey, sugar, bitters, and a citrus peel. Classic.\n* Cuba libre: It's rum, coke, and a slice of lime. Sweet and simple.\n* Peach Bellini: Just mix peach juice with champagne, and voila!\n* Negroni: Gin, sweet vermouth, and Campari, garnished with a slice of orange. Refreshing and slightly bitter.\n* Midori sour: Midori, lime juice, lemon juice, and a touch of soda water. The exotic option to dazzle your guests!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Tell me a dad joke about COVID-19.", + "input": "", + "output": "I told a joke on a Zoom meeting today and no one laughed.\nTurns out I'm not remotely funny.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I am a primary care physician. Write an email to my patient about her lab work results that her red blood cell count was a little low but should be fine, then ask her if she has reached the hospital to make an appointment.", + "input": "", + "output": "Hello [Patient Name],\n\nI got your lab work back. Your red blood cell count was just a little low, but everything else looked really normal.\n\nWe can talk more about the blood cell count at your upcoming appointment but I don't think there is any immediate concern. We can monitor it in the future. If you have prior blood cell count tests, it would be helpful if you can show it to me when you come in next week for your pap test.\n\nI see our care navigator sent your referral. Have you been able to reach out to the [Hospital Name]?\n\nLet me know if you have any questions.\n\nTake good care,\n[Your Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you create a lesson for teaching the bodies of water?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is a possible lesson plan for teaching students about the bodies of water.\n\n##Lesson Plan: Bodies of Water\n\n###Introduction (5 minutes) \n* Write the following words on the board: ocean, gulf, bay, inlet, river, and lake.\n* Ask your students if they know what those words mean.\n\n###Teacher Instruction (15 minutes) \n* Define each body of water type on the board.\n* Provide an example for each type. Ask students to suggest one additional example for each body of water.\n\n###Independent Working Time (10 minutes)\n* Provide a map of a local or famous area that includes an ocean, a bay, and a river.\n* Ask your students to draw arrows to show how water flows through the different bodies of water on the map.\n\n###Guided Work (10 minutes) \n* Display the map on the board using a projector.\n* Ask students to come up to the board and draw the flow of water.\n\n###Conclusion (5 minutes) \n* Go around the class and ask your students to state a fact about any body of water.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How do bats use sound to locate prey?", + "input": "", + "output": "Bats navigate and locate their prey using echolocation. They produce sound waves at frequencies above human hearing, called ultrasound. The sound waves emitted by bats bounce off objects in their environment. Then, the sounds return to the bats' ears, which are finely tuned to recognize their own unique calls. When a bat detects a prey it wants to eat, it produces a rapid series of calls to pin-point the exact location of its prey, then swoops in.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write 7 words that rhyme with \"light\" in alphabetical order.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are 7 words that rhyme with the word \"light\", sorted in alphabetical order:\n* bite\n* height\n* quite\n* right\n* site\n* white\n* write", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What kind of questions can't you answer?", + "input": "", + "output": "As an AI assistant, I can help with many daily tasks but there are certain categories of questions that I cannot answer, such as illegal, unethical, controversial, and political questions. I cannot help with requests related to personally identifiable information (PII). I cannot endorse or encourage biases regarding gender, religion, race/color, sexual orientation, age, nationality, disability, physical appearance, socioeconomic status, profession, and political ideology. I cannot assist with requests related to toxicity, bullying, hate speech, violence, and terrorism against everyone regardless of their demographics and background. I am not able to respond to profanity and graphic scenes. I am also unable to give financial, legal, or medical advice without an appropriate disclaimer.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How do I sort a dictionary by value?", + "input": "", + "output": "Dicts preserve insertion order in Python 3.7+. Here is an example of how to sort a dictionary by value.\n\n```\n# original dictionary to be sorted\nx = {1: 2, 3: 4, 4: 3, 2: 1, 0: 0}\n\n# sort by value\nsorted_dict = {k: v for k, v in sorted(x.items(), key=lambda item: item[1])}\n\nprint(sorted_dict)\n```\n\nThe output of the above code is \n```\n{0: 0, 2: 1, 1: 2, 4: 3, 3: 4}\n```\n\nEquivalently, the one-line implementation is\n```\ndict(sorted(x.items(), key=lambda item: item[1]))\n```\n\nIn older Python, Dictionaries are inherently orderless, but other types, such as lists and tuples, are not. So you need an ordered data type to represent sorted values, which will be a list—probably a list of tuples.\nFor instance,\n\n```\nimport operator x = {1: 2, 3: 4, 4: 3, 2: 1, 0: 0} \nsorted_x = sorted(x.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(1))\n```\nsorted_x will be a list of tuples sorted by the second element in each tuple.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Am I doing wrong for refusing to pay for my sister's husband's surgery with my inheritance/college money?", + "input": "", + "output": "It can be challenging to make judgment on the circumstances of others, particularly when the situation is complex and involves financial decisions. Here are a few perspectives that may be helpful to consider as you navigate this situation:\n\n* It’s always your call how to spend your inheritance and college savings. In general, you are not obligated to use your savings to pay for anyone’s surgery, even if they are related to you by marriage. You may have your own financial plans of how to use this sum of money based on your priorities. Your sister shouldn’t use moral coercion to force you to compromise and fulfill her wishes. \n* Family relationship is also important. On the other hand, you don’t want to destroy your family relationship with your sister especially when she is in great need. If you have a very close relationship with her and her husband, it’s reasonable that you make the decision of using your savings to help them. However, it would also be wise to seek advice from professionals and trusted family members before making any decisions about how to spend your money.\n \n\nIn conclusion, the decision is ultimately yours to make and it should be based on what you believe will have a positive impact on your future plans. It’s important to have open and honest conversations with your sister and her husband about your decision and concerns.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Tell me an interesting fact about geography.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are some interesting facts about geography:\n\n* Bhutan is one of the most intriguing places in the world. The Buddhist kingdom is the only carbon-negative country on Earth, with strict environmental laws and cultural norms that preserve its stunning natural landscape. For similar reasons, Bhutan was one of the last countries to introduce television in 1999, and has no traffic lights to this day.\n\n* There are currently few territories on Earth that are unclaimed by any sovereign state (terra nullius). One example is Bir Tawil, along the border between Egypt and Sudan, which was created by a discrepancy between borders drawn in 1899 and 1902. The territory remains unclaimed by either country, because it would entail forfeiting the much larger Halaib Triangle, which is claimed by both countries. Bir Tawil has no settled population, but the land is used by Bedouins who roam the area.\n\n* The antipode of any spot on Earth is the point on Earth's surface diametrically opposite to it. Some interesting approximate antipodes include pairs of capital cities, such as Wellington (New Zealand) - Mardrid (Spain), and Phnom Penh (Cambodia) - Lima (Peru).", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you write a three-paragraph essay about how to build a good family relationship?", + "input": "", + "output": "Building a good family relationship is very important for people of all ages. A good family relationship can help children grow up to be well-adjusted adults and can help adults maintain a healthy lifestyle. One of the most important things to do to build a good family relationship is to spend time together. Whether it is eating dinner together as a family or going on vacation, time spent together builds memories and strengthens the bond between family members. Another important thing to do is to be honest with one another. This means both telling the truth and being honest about one's feelings. Keeping secrets or hiding emotions can be very damaging to a family relationship.\n\nIn addition to spending time together and being honest, it is important for family members to support one another. This can mean helping each other out when times are tough or celebrating together when good things happen. It is also important to respect each other. Family members should respect each other's differences and opinions. This means not criticizing or judging one another. Family members should also take care of one another. This can mean helping out with chores or watching the kids so parents can have a night out, or it can mean taking an elderly relative to the doctor.\n\nTaking time to build a good family relationship is important, as family members will be there for one another throughout life. Children will learn how to have healthy relationships from their parents and other family members. Adults will have a strong support system to help them get through difficult times. Family members can also have fun together and make lifelong memories. While it may sometimes be difficult, it is important to put effort into building and maintaining a good family relationship.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write Java code that can compute the minimum cost to connect all cities.", + "input": "", + "output": "The objective is to establish the most cost-effective path connecting all cities. To achieve this, we need to determine the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) of the city map, treating each city as a node on the graph and all damaged roads as edges. The total cost of the path is the sum of the edge values within the Minimum Spanning Tree.\n\n```\n// Java code to find out minimum cost\n// path to connect all the cities\nimport java.util.* ;\n\nclass GFG{\n\n // Function to find out minimum valued node\n // among the nodes which are not yet included in MST\n\n static int minNode(int n, int keyvals[], boolean mstset[])\n {\n int min_val = Integer.MAX_VALUE;\n int min_index = 0;\n\n // Loop through all the values of the nodes, \n // which are not yet included in MST and find the minimum valued one.\n for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)\n {\n if (mstset[i] == false && keyvals[i] < min_val)\n {\n min_val = keyvals[i];\n min_index = i;\n }\n }\n return min_index;\n }\n\n // Function to find out the MST and\n // the cost of the MST.\n static void findCost(int n, int city[][])\n {\n\n // Array to store the parent nodes.\n int parent[] = new int[n];\n\n // Array to store the key value of each node.\n int keyvals[] = new int[n];\n\n // Boolean Array to indicate whether a node is included in MST or not.\n boolean mstset[] = new boolean[n];\n\n // Set all the key values to be infinite and none of the nodes is included in MST.\n for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)\n {\n keyvals[i] = Integer.MAX_VALUE;\n mstset[i] = false;\n }\n\n // Start to find the MST from node 0.\n // Parent of node 0 is none and set to be -1.\n // key value or minimum cost to reach 0th node from 0th node is 0.\n parent[0] = -1;\n keyvals[0] = 0;\n\n // Find the rest n-1 nodes of MST.\n for(int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)\n { \n // First find out the minimum node among the nodes which are not yet included in MST.\n int u = minNode(n, keyvals, mstset);\n\n // Include the uth node in MST.\n mstset[u] = true;\n\n // Update the values of neighbor nodes of u which are not yet included in MST.\n for(int v = 0; v < n; v++)\n {\n if (city[u][v] > 0 && mstset[v] == false && city[u][v] < keyvals[v])\n {\n keyvals[v] = city[u][v];\n parent[v] = u;\n }\n }\n }\n\n // Find out the cost by adding the edge values of MST.\n int cost = 0;\n for(int i = 1; i < n; i++)\n cost += city[parent[i]][i];\n\n System.out.println(cost);\n }\n\n // Driver code\n public static void main(String args[])\n {\n\n // Input 1\n int n1 = 5;\n int city1[][] = { { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 },\n { 1, 0, 5, 0, 7 },\n { 2, 5, 0, 6, 0 },\n { 3, 0, 6, 0, 0 },\n { 4, 7, 0, 0, 0 } };\n\n findCost(n1, city1);\n\n // Input 2\n int n2 = 6;\n int city2[][] = { { 0, 1, 1, 100, 0, 0 },\n { 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 },\n { 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 },\n { 100, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2 },\n { 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2 },\n { 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0 } };\n\n findCost(n2, city2);\n\n }\n}\n```\n\nThe output after executing the above code is:\n```\n10\n106\n```\n\nRegarding the time complexity, the outer loop for adding a new node to the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) runs n times. During each iteration, it takes O(n) time to find the minimum node and O(n) time to update the neighboring nodes of the u-th node. As a result, the overall time complexity is O(n^2). As for auxiliary space, the algorithm requires O(n) space.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I just finished teaching the first few lessons in my advanced NLP course. I'm teaching remotely, so I need to get some feedback from the class. Help me create a feedback poll.", + "input": "", + "output": "##Feedback Poll: Advanced NLP\nThis is an anonymous feedback form to help me improve the course. Your inputs are greatly appreciated!\n\n\n###Background Knowledge\nThese questions help me understand whether the course lessons and exercises are properly tuned towards everyone's background knowledge, while keeping the poll anonymous.\n\nHave you ever taken an NLP course before this one?\n* Yes\n* No\n\nHave you implemented and trained a model in PyTorch or TensorFlow before this course?\n* Yes\n* No\n\n\n###Lessons\n\nLesson 1 (Introduction): How clear was the lesson?\n* Only certain parts (<30%) were clear\n* Some (30-70%) of it was clear\n* Most (>70%) of it was clear\n* I was already familiar with most of the material\n\nLesson 2 (Language Modeling & Tokenization): How clear was the lesson?\n* Only certain parts (<30%) were clear\n* Some (30-70%) of it was clear\n* Most (>70%) of it was clear\n* I was already familiar with most of the material\n\nLesson 3 (Attention & Transformers): How clear was the lesson?\n* Only certain parts (<30%) were clear\n* Some (30-70%) of it was clear\n* Most (>70%) of it was clear\n* I was already familiar with most of the material\n\nLesson 4 (Generation): How clear was the lesson?\n* Only certain parts (<30%) were clear\n* Some (30-70%) of it was clear\n* Most (>70%) of it was clear\n* I was already familiar with most of the material\n\nWhat do you think was good about the lessons?\n\nWhat do you think could be improved in the lessons?\n\n\n###Class Exercises\n\nWhich of the in-class exercises have you tried to solve?\n* 2A - Language Model Decomposition (Theory/Demo)\n* 2B - Softmax & Cross Entropy (Theory)\n* 2C - BPE (Coding)\n* 3A - Multiple Heads (Theory)\n* 3B - Causal Attention (Theory)\n* 4A - Beam Search (Coding)\n* 4B - Stochastic Search (Demo)\n\nWhat motivated you to try to solve these exercises?\n\nWhat would motivate you to try to solve the remaining exercises?\n\nWhat do you think was good about the in-class exercises?\n\nWhat do you think could be improved about the in-class exercises?\n\n\n###Coding Exercise\n\nHave you attempted to solve the first coding exercise (Attention)?\n* Yes, I have finished it.\n* Yes, I have finished most of it.\n* Yes, but I didn't get it to work yet.\n* No.\n\nIf not, why?\n\nWhat do you think was good about the exercise?\n\nWhat do you think could be improved in the exercise?\n\n\n###Thank You!\n\nThank you for taking the time to fill in the feedback poll, this information is very helpful.\n\nFeel free to add any additional free-form feedback below.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "can you write me a paragraph (up to 150 words) on ancient rome's influence on modern politics?", + "input": "", + "output": "Rome was one of the most influential civilizations in history, and its influence can still be seen today. Many modern political systems are based on Roman governmental structures, including the United States. Both the American Senate and House of Representatives were modeled after the Roman Senate and Assembly. Likewise, many modern legal systems are influenced by ancient Roman law. For example, the principle of innocent until proven guilty is rooted in Roman law. Additionally, the Romans made significant advances in engineering and architecture that are still used today. For instance, concrete was invented by the Romans, and it is still one of the most common building materials. Furthermore, many modern cities are built on Roman designs, with public spaces like squares and boulevards surrounded by buildings. In conclusion, ancient Rome had a profound impact on modern politics, law, technology, and culture, and its legacy continues to shape society today.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you write the Python code to build and train a neural network?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are some deep learning libraries that can help us write clean and efficient code. We use [Pytorch](https://pytorch.org/) in our example.\n\nTo install the latest Pytorch, run the following command in your terminal.\n```\npip3 install torch\n```\n\nBelow is an example script for building and training a neural network using Pytorch. The basic pipeline is as follows.\nPrepare the training and test data.\nDefine the neural network, the loss function and the optimizer.\nTrain the neural network using the training dataset for multiple epochs.\nTest the trained neural network on the test set to make predictions for unseen examples.\n\n```\nimport torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.optim as optim\n# Prepare the dataset\n# Define the training data\nX_train = torch.tensor([[0,0],[2,1],[1,0],[5,5]], dtype=torch.float32)\ny_train = torch.tensor([[0],[1],[1],[0]], dtype=torch.float32)\n\n# Define the test data\nX_test = torch.tensor([[6,6],[-1,1],[1,1],[0,7]], dtype=torch.float32)\ny_test = torch.tensor([[0],[1],[0],[1]], dtype=torch.float32)\n\n\nclass Network(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n\n # Inputs to hidden layer linear transformation\n self.hidden = nn.Linear(2, 4)\n\n # Output layer, 1 units\n self.output = nn.Linear(4, 1)\n\n # Define sigmoid activation\n self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid() \n\n def forward(self, x):\n # Pass the input tensor through each of our operations\n x = self.hidden(x)\n x = self.sigmoid(x)\n x = self.output(x)\n X = self.sigmoid(x)\n\n return x\n\n# Instantiate the neural network\nmodel = Network()\n\n# Define the loss function and optimizer\ncriterion = nn.BCELoss()\noptimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0.01)\n\n# Train the neural network\nfor epoch in range(5):\n # Zeros the gradients accumulated from the previous batch/step of the model\n optimizer.zero_grad()\n # Calculate the output using the current neural network parameters\n outputs = model(X_train)\n # Calculate the loss by comparing predicted outputs and gold labels\n loss = criterion(outputs, y_train)\n # Performs backpropagation\n loss.backward()\n # Updates the weights in our neural network based on the results of backpropagation\n optimizer.step()\n\n# Evaluate the performance of the neural network on the test dataset\n# We do not need to keep gradient information during inference time\nwith torch.no_grad():\n outputs = model(X_test)\n predicted = (outputs > 0.5).float()\n accuracy = (predicted == y_test).float().mean()\n\nprint(f\"Accuracy: {accuracy.item()*100:.2f}%\")\n```\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write an essay on why the University of Chicago has such a good MBA program", + "input": "", + "output": "The University of Chicago Booth School of Business is one of the top business schools in the world. It offers a full-time MBA program as well as part-time and executive programs. The school has over 50,000 alumni around the globe who are leaders in their fields.\n\nBooth's rigorous curriculum emphasizes analytical thinking and problem solving. Students learn how to approach any business challenge with confidence and creativity. They develop practical skills they can use immediately in their careers, while also gaining a deeper understanding of how businesses work.\n\nThe faculty at Booth are renowned experts in their fields. They conduct groundbreaking research that pushes the boundaries of knowledge and shapes business practices around the world. Their insights inform every aspect of the MBA experience, both inside and outside the classroom.\n\nBooth's flexible curriculum allows students to follow their own interests and choose courses that best suit their career goals. Students can specialize in finance, marketing, entrepreneurship, operations management, or other areas. They can also take elective classes across the university, exploring subjects like public policy, international relations, law, medicine, and more.\n\nBeyond the classroom, students can enhance their learning through hands-on experiences like internships, consulting projects, and entrepreneurial ventures. The Polsky Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation provides resources and support for aspiring start-up founders. The Harper Center houses state-of-the-art facilities where students can practice their presentation skills and connect with peers. And Booth's global network of campuses gives students opportunities to study abroad and build connections around the world.\n\nWith its rigorous curriculum, world-class faculty, and innovative approach to education, the University of Chicago Booth School of Business prepares students to become leaders in any field. Whether they pursue careers in finance, consulting, tech, healthcare, or another industry, Booth graduates have the skills and knowledge they need to succeed.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I got a parking ticket due to forgetting to place my parking permit. Please draft an appeal letter for me.", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear Officer,\n\nI am writing to appeal the parking ticket I received on [Date] for failing to display my parking permit. I apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused and would like to explain the circumstances that led to this oversight.\n\nOn the day in question, I was hurrying to an important appointment and mistakenly forgot to place my parking permit on the dashboard. This was a genuine mistake on my part, as I have always been sure to display my parking permit when parking in the designated area. I have attached a photo of my permit as proof that I am indeed in the possession of a legitimate permit.\n\nI understand the importance of complying with parking regulations and take full responsibility for my mistake. However, I kindly request that you consider waiving the fine in light of my past compliance and honest mistake on this occasion.\n\nThank you for your understanding and consideration in this matter.\n\nSincerely,\n[Your Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a program to count the sum of first 100 numbers in python", + "input": "", + "output": "We define a function called `sum_100_natural_numbers()` for the above functionality.\n\n```\ndef sum_100_natural_numbers():\n # keep a running sum\n sum = 0\n\n # write a for loop to add each number to the running sum\n for i in range(1, 101):\n sum = sum + i\n return sum\n\n\n\n# Print out the result\nprint(sum_100_natural_numbers())\n```\n\nThe output should be \n```\n5050\n```\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is a marketing plan?", + "input": "", + "output": "A marketing plan is a comprehensive document that outlines an organization's advertising and marketing strategies to generate leads and reach its target market. It details the outreach and PR campaigns for the coming year, including how the company will measure their effect. A marketing plan typically includes the following:\n\n* Market research supporting the strategies\n* Messaging tailored to the target audiences\n* Budget allocations\n* Pricing decisions\n* Metrics for measuring the results of each strategy", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm planning a trip to Europe. Give a 7-day travel itinerary.", + "input": "", + "output": "Europe has a very profound cultural heritage. Sculpture art, architecture, art, literature, and music are all things with a long history in Europe. Britain, Greece, France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, and almost all other European countries are popular tourist destinations. Here are recommended seven-day tours of Europe.\n\nDay 1: \n\n* Sightseeing guideline: Paris - Dijon - Palace Duchy of Burgundy - Place Libre - Notre-Dame Dijon - Lucerne\nPalace Duchy of Burgundy is originally little more than a residence backed on the Gallo-Roman Hill, it was rebuilt in the 17th century as a classicist palace designed by Versailles architect Mansard. The gallery in the east wing of the palace is one of the largest museums in France and houses many art treasures. Place Libre is a semi-garden designed by Choumansard in 1685 to welcome the equestrian sculpture of King Louis XIV. It is one of the most spectacular royal squares in France. Notre Dame de Dijon is an outstanding example of third-century Burgundian architecture, inherited from the Roman art period.\n* Traffic guideline: You can take a bus at KFC, 211-213 Boulevard Vincent Auriol, 75013 Paris.\n\nDay 2: \n\n* Sightseeing guideline: Lucerne - Capel Bridge - Lake Lucerne - Milan - Sforza Castle - Venice\nThe Capel Bridge is an ancient wooden bridge in Europe, constructed in 1333 to defend Lucerne. It has since become a prominent landmark of the city. \nLake Lucerne, with its stunning mountainous surroundings, is considered to be Switzerland's most picturesque and diverse lake. \nThe Sforza Castle is a representation of the many ups and downs of Milan's history and houses numerous valuable works of art and historical significance. \nThe Milan Cathedral is the world's second-largest church, and it took five centuries to complete. It is a Gothic-style church with 135 steeples, each with a statue, and it boasts the most statues of any Gothic church in the world.\n* Traffic guideline: Take a bus at Milano, Main entrance of Main Train Station, Lucerne and then transfer to Fontana la torta di Spus\n\nDay 3: \n\n* Sightseeing guideline: Venice - Piazza San Marco - Bridge of Sighs - Rome\nPiazza San Marco, or St. Mark's Square, is a beautiful square that is encircled by several stunning Renaissance buildings, including the Duke's Palace, St. Mark's Church, and St. Mark's Bell Tower. It was hailed by French Emperor Napoleon as \"the most beautiful living room in Europe.\" \nThe Bridge of Sighs, on the other hand, links the court and the prison, and it is frequently the final path for prisoners sentenced to death, just before their execution.\n* Traffic guideline: Take a bus at Piazza San Marco\n\nDay 4: \n\n* Sightseeing guideline: Rome - Colosseum - Constantine's Arch of Triumph - Piazza Venezia - Piazza Spagna - Florence\nThe Colosseum is Rome's most spectacular monument and is synonymous with gladiator battles, lion fights, and the eternal city. \nThe Arch of Constantine is located between the Colosseum and the ruins and features three arches and reliefs of angels. It stands as a symbol of Emperor Constantine I's rejection of Rome's old religion and his establishment of Christianity as the state religion. \nPiazza Venezia is situated near the Roman Forum and boasts a magnificent white palace that is free for visitors to explore. There are exhibitions inside documenting Italy's recent unification. \nPlaza de Espana, while lacking in attractions, became a household name after a famous scene in the movie Roman Holiday, where Audrey Hepburn's character ate ice cream on the steps. \nFinally, the world-renowned Trevi Fountain is the largest Baroque fountain globally and gained popularity following the success of the film Roman Holiday.\n* Traffic guideline: Take a bus at Piazza del Colosseo, 1, 00184 Roma, Italy\n\nDay 5:\n \n* Sightseeing guideline: Florence - Cathedral of the Virgin of Flowers - Piazza del Laird - Pisa - Leaning Tower of Pisa - SAN Remo\nThe Florence Cathedral, also known as the Basilica, is among Italy's largest churches and is famous for having the biggest brick dome ever constructed. It encompasses the Cathedral, St. John's Baptistery, and Giotto's Bell Tower. \nLaird Square, located in Florence, Italy, is an \"L\" shaped square situated in front of the Old Palazzo, still retaining its status as the political hub of the city and featuring several stunning statues. \nThe Leaning Tower of Pisa is situated in the Miracle Square complex in the north of the city of Pisa in Tuscany, Italy. It and the neighboring cathedral, Baptistery, and more have had a significant influence on Italian architectural art and have been designated as World Heritage by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.\n* Traffic guideline: Take a bus at Piazza di Santa Croce, 50122 Firenze\n\nDay 6:\n \n* Sightseeing guideline: SAN Remo - Monaco - Monaco Royal Palace - Cannes - Cannes Film Festival Palace - Lyon\nThe Monaco Royal Palace is the governmental center of Monaco and was initially utilized as a military fortress until the 17th century. \nThe King's palace boasts a distinctive geographical location on the sea. \nOn the other hand, the Palais des Festivals, constructed in 1982, is Cannes Film Festival's primary gathering place, where the most coveted prize in the film industry, the Palme d'Or, is awarded.\n* Traffic guideline: Take a bus at Hotel SAN Remo and transfer to Avenue Saint-Martin, 98000 Monaco\n\nDay 7:\n\n* Sightseeing guideline: Lyon - Paris - Arc de Triomphe - Eiffel Tower - Notre Dame Cathedral - Seine River\nThe Triumphal Arch, situated in Paris, France's central star square, was constructed in 1836 to honor Napoleon's victory over the Russian and Austrian allied forces in the Oak Pars battle. It features engravings of famous French soldiers from the 18th and 19th centuries and is a representative landmark of Paris, standing as the world's second-largest Arc de Triomphe. \nThe Eiffel Tower, designed by Gustave Eiffel, was built in an astonishing two years, two months, and five days, making it one of the most well-known landmarks globally and an international symbol of Paris, France, and romance. Lastly, the Seine River, which flows through Paris, is renowned worldwide and was once called \"the daughter of the Seine\" by someone.\n* Traffic guideline: Take a bus at Place Bellecour69002 Lyon\n\nEurope boasts numerous other tourist destinations that are worth exploring. I hope you have a pleasant journey discovering all of the continent's beauty and wonders.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you write a poem that contains the following four words: body, heart, mind, and God?", + "input": "", + "output": "He with body waged a fight,\nBut body won; it walks upright.\nThen he struggled with the heart;\nInnocence and peace depart.\nThen he struggled with the mind;\nHis proud heart he left behind.\nNow his wars on God begin;\nAt stroke of midnight God shall win.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Help me think of a name for a new app I'm designing that automatically decides which pizza to order when a group of friends meet. Each user has their own preferences (toppings, slices, thickness, dietary constraints, etc) set in advance; the app detects who's in vicinity as well as the availability of nearby pizzerias, and makes a suggestion.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are some possible names for a social pizza-ordering app:\n* SliceShare\n* Slike\n* PizzaBot\n* Hangry\n* AutoSlice", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "My company needs a project manager, could you help me create a job advertisement for it?", + "input": "", + "output": "Job Position: Project Manager\n\nLocation: [Location to be filled]\n\nCompany Description:\n\n[Provide a brief description of the company.]\n\nJob Overview:\n\nWe are seeking an experienced Project Manager with exceptional skills to join our team. The selected candidate will be responsible for managing projects from initiation to completion, ensuring that they are delivered on time, within budget, and to the satisfaction of all stakeholders.\n\nResponsibilities:\n\n* Effectively manage project timelines, budgets, and resources\n* Ensure all project activities adhere to established policies and procedures\n* Conduct regular status meetings with project teams and stakeholders\n* Develop, implement, and communicate project plans and progress reports to team members and stakeholders\n* Maintain accurate records of project activities for reporting and invoicing purposes\n\nQualifications:\n\n* A degree in Engineering, Business Administration, or a related field\n* A minimum of [Insert number] years of experience in project management\n* Proven ability to manage multiple projects simultaneously\n* Strong communication, leadership, and interpersonal skills\n* Excellent organizational and time-management skills\n* Proficiency in project management software and tools\n\nHow to Apply:\n\n[Include instructions on how to apply for the job.]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "My dad asked me a riddle, but I can’t figure it out. He told me that if I can’t solve it myself then I should consult with an AI to figure out the solution.\nSo, could you please solve the riddle and explain the solution?\n\nHere’s the riddle:\n\nMy prefix is food.\nMy suffix is rude.\nMy infix comes in rounds.\nI keep you off the ground.\nWhat am I?", + "input": "", + "output": "The answer to the riddle is \"hammock\".\n\nHere’s a line-by-line explanation:\n\nMy prefix is food.\n “hammock” starts with “ham”, which is something you eat.\nMy suffix is rude.\n “hammock” ends with “mock”, and mocking is considered rude.\nMy infix comes in rounds.\n If you take the word “hammock”, remove the “h” from its start and remove the “ck” from its end, you get the word “ammo”. And ammo tends to come in rounds.\nI keep you off the ground.\n a hammock keeps the person using it of the ground.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I want to learn a new language. What are some resources and tips for language learning?", + "input": "", + "output": "From free apps to immersive online courses, there are many resources to learn a new language. Some great apps and online programs include Rosetta Stone, Duolingo, Babbel, etc. It’s also a good idea to take language classes in person or online, where you can ask your teacher questions and practice speaking with your teacher and classmates.\n\nHere are some other tips for learning a new language:\n\n* Set your language goals. When you’re first figuring out how to learn a language, you should focus on some short-, medium- and long-term goals. These can help to give structure and direction to your learning. Adding timescales to your language-learning goals can help to keep you on track and motivated. \n\n* Learn common vocabulary. This can help to quickly build your understanding in a day-to-day setting, allowing you to have and follow basic conversations. \n\n* Find a style that works for you. There are many different tools, techniques, and styles you can use when you’re learning a language. Whether it’s using flashcards, grammar translations, spaced repetition, immersive learning or any other approach, you have plenty of options. Figuring out the right combination of techniques can help you progress at a rate you’re happy with. You’ll find all kinds of apps, websites, textbooks, and other materials out there that help with different methods. \n\n* Practice speaking. A crucial part of learning a language is being able to recognise, understand and reproduce sounds. You don’t have to necessarily go out and start chatting with native speakers right away (although this can certainly help). However, talking to yourself, practicing your vocabulary out loud, and even recording yourself speaking your new language can help to build your confidence. \n\n* Connect with a native speaker. Communicating with new people in your target language is often intimidating. You might be scared to make mistakes or feel that your current level isn’t good enough. However, practicing with a native speaker can help you quickly improve your language skills. \n\n* Engage with the culture. Language often evolves in line with the culture of the groups who speak it. Therefore, to really master a language, you’ll want to make sure you’re also familiar with the cultural context that goes with it. \n\nI hope this helps!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Are we alone in the universe?", + "input": "", + "output": "Humanity has yet to find evidence for life outside planet Earth.\n\nThe current search for extraterrestrial life is largely focused on finding planets that are situated in an \"habitable zone\". Roughly put, a planet is in a habitable zone if its distance from nearby stars allows for liquid water to persist on its surface.\nSo far, a few such planets have been found, but none yet with liquid water on its surface.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Implement a quicksort algorithm with python", + "input": "", + "output": "QuickSort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm. It picks an element as a pivot and partitions the given array around the picked pivot. There are different variations of QuickSort, which differ by the way the pivot is chosen. Here is one implementation that uses the last element of the array as the pivot:\n\n```\n# Python implementation of QuickSort\n\ndef partition(array, low, high):\n\n # choose the rightmost element as pivot\n pivot = array[high]\n # pointer for greater element\n i = low - 1\n\n # traverse through all elements\n # compare each element with pivot\n for j in range(low, high):\n if array[j] <= pivot:\n # If element smaller than pivot is found\n # swap it with the greater element pointed by i\n i = i + 1\n\n # Swapping element at i with element at j\n (array[i], array[j]) = (array[j], array[i])\n\n # Swap the pivot element with the greater element specified by i\n (array[i + 1], array[high]) = (array[high], array[i + 1])\n\n # Return the position from where partition is done\n return i + 1\n\n\ndef quick_sort(array, low, high):\n if low < high:\n # Find pivot element such that\n # element smaller than pivot are on the left\n # element greater than pivot are on the right\n pi = partition(array, low, high)\n\n # Recursive call on the left of pivot\n quick_sort(array, low, pi - 1)\n\n # Recursive call on the right of pivot\n quick_sort(array, pi + 1, high)\n\n\n# Test example\ndata = [1, 7, 4, 1, 12, 8, -3]\nprint(\"Unsorted array\")\nprint(data)\n\nsize = len(data)\n\nquick_sort(data, 0, size - 1)\n\nprint('Sorted array in ascending order:')\nprint(data)\n```\n\nThe above code will print the following output:\n\n```\nUnsorted array\n[1, 7, 4, 1, 12, 8, -3]\n\nSorted array in ascending order:\n[-3, 1, 1, 4, 7, 8, 12]\n```\n\nThis algorithm has a worst-case time complexity of O(N^2), but its average time complexity is O(N log N). Additionally, the algorithm requires only O(1) auxiliary space, beyond the O(N) space consumed by the given array itself.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you make a wedding plan for me?", + "input": "", + "output": "Wishing you all of the love and happiness! To plan a wedding, here are some steps that you can start with:\n\n1. Daydream about your day.\nPlan a “meeting” with your partner. Before the meeting, both of you should prepare at least two inspiration images and your ideas for the following: location, theme, colors, food and activities.\n\n2. Set your budget.\n\n3. Bring in backup. \nWhen it comes to learning how to plan a wedding, the most important step is realizing that you and your partner can’t do it alone. \n* Hire a wedding planner. \n* Ask for help from family and friends. \n* Utilize technology and resources. \n\n4. Choose a wedding date as soon as you can.\n\n5. Pick your wedding party.\nMaid of honor. Best man. Groomsmen and women. Bridesmaids and bridesmen. Decide who among your close friends and family you want to be with you throughout your wedding. \n\n6. Build your guest list.\nA good way to start sorting who you want to invite is by going through the contact list on your phone, as well as who you’re following/interacting with on your most-used social media platforms. \n\n7. Choose your wedding ceremony location.\n\n8. Choose your wedding venue.\nPopular wedding venue types include: barn, farm, garden, park, vineyard, vintage, beach and hotel/resort.\n\n9. Decide on the wedding’s theme, decor, and details.\nHere are a variety of popular themes, with decor and color ideas to match:\n* Romantic. \n* Formal. \n* Winter/holiday. \n* Rustic. \n* Nature-inspired. \n\n10. Choose your wedding invitations.\nIt’s traditional to send out cardstock invites, and it’s lovely to have a hardcopy invite to frame after the wedding. \n\n11. Research vendors.\nIf you’re planning the wedding yourself, vendors you’ll likely consider include: musician for the ceremony, DJ/band for the reception, photographer, videographer, catering service, hair/makeup, florist and officiant.\n\n12. Figure out what you’re going to wear.\n\n13. Choose the food and beverage for your wedding reception.\n\n14. Plan the before and after events.\nAs usual, the particulars depend on the size of your wedding, the logistics, and the complexity of the ceremony. These are the events you may prepare or need time for beyond the wedding: \n\n* Bachelor and bachelorette parties. \n* Rehearsal dinner. \n* Honeymoon. \n* Wedding after-party. \n* Next-morning brunch. \n\n15. Send out your invitations.\nThis is an exciting moment in the planning process. Once those invites are in the mail, or you pressed “send” on your digital invites, the big day starts to feel more real.\n\n16. Help out-of-town guests with accommodations.\n\n17. Choose your wedding rings.\n\n18. Touch base with the wedding team.\nCheck-in with all of the key people in your wedding. Talk to the wedding planner to see if there are any final details they need from you. Reach out to the venue and vendor teams so you know they’re all set. Give a call to family members and the wedding party to make sure everyone feels comfortable with the itinerary. And finally, prioritize a few relaxed evenings with each other before the wedding.\n\n19. Start the festivities and enjoy!\n\nYou know what to do from here. Congratulations!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "My cat keeps scratching up my furniture. What are some ways to train her to stop?", + "input": "", + "output": "Cats scratch furniture for a variety of reasons, so you'll have to work out why yours is scratching in particular. It's usually because it wants to claw off old nail sheaths, or because it wants to mark its territory. Here are a number of things you can do to train her not to scratch your furniture.\n\nFirst, you can trim her nails regularly. If you trim your cat's nails regularly, then it will be less likely for her to want to scratch because it will be more uncomfortable for her to do so. Plus, it will reduce the damage done by scratching because the claws won't be as sharp.\n\nSecond, you can cover the areas with something unpleasant, like tin foil or double-sided tape. This should discourage her from scratching there, and she'll (hopefully) learn to go to her scratching post instead.\nThird, you can try to redirect her attention when she starts to scratch where she shouldn't. If you catch her in the act, make a loud noise (clapping is good) and she should stop. Then, if you have a scratching post nearby, encourage her to scratch there instead. Give her a treat if she scratches the post, or praise her verbally. She'll learn that scratching the post gets her good things, while scratching the furniture gets her nothing.\n\nFinally, you can try a combination of all of the above. Trim her nails, cover the furniture, and when you catch her scratching the furniture, clap your hands and show her the scratching post.\n\nWith consistent effort, you should be able to break her furniture-scratching habit. It may take a few weeks, but it can be done.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the best argument for a socialist society?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are different forms of socialism, and many arguments to be made for or against each one. Here are some of the most common arguments for socialist policies:\n* Reduction of Relative Poverty: A welfare state which provides a minimum basic income for those who are unemployed, sick, or unable to work maintains a basic living standard for the poorest in society and helps to reduce relative poverty.\n* Free Health Care: Free health care at the point of use means everyone is entitled to basic health care. \n* Environment: An economy which is regulated to work towards the long-term welfare will place a higher value on environmental concerns, such as limiting pollution - even if it lowers profit.\n* Benefits of Public Ownership: Public ownership of water and the railways allows the companies to target goals such as long-term investment, low prices for the consumer and improved safety.\n* Free Education: Education is a major means for socio-economic mobility. Providing all citizens access to high-quality, free education allows for more equal opportunities for underprivileged individuals.\n\nHaving said that, there are also arguments against socialism and specific socialist policies. When contemplating any policy or ideology, it is important to considering its strengths, weaknesses, and applicability to the situation at hand.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm having some family over for dinner, no dietary constraints. Give me a good recipe for cooking a nice amount of meat in an instant pot.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is an easy recipe for beef pot roast and potatoes using an instant pot:\n\nIngredients:\n* 3-5 lbs beef chuck roast\n* 1 tablespoon oil\n* 1 teaspoon salt\n* 1 teaspoon onion powder\n* 1 teaspoon garlic powder\n* 1/2 teaspoon black pepper\n* 1/2 teaspoon smoked paprika\n* 1 pound baby red potatoes\n* 4 large carrots, chopped into large chunks\n* 1 large yellow onion, chopped\n* 4 cups beef broth\n* 2 tablespoons worcestershire sauce\n\nInstructions:\n1. In a small bowl, stir together salt, pepper, garlic powder, onion powder, and smoked paprika.\n2. Slice the roast into 2-4 pieces (approximately 1.25-1.5 lbs each).\n2. Rub the spice mixture all over the roast pieces to coat all sides.\n3. Heat a large frying pan with some oil, and use tongs to sear each piece of the roast on all sides.\n4. Place the seared meat into the instant pot.\n5. Add potatoes, onions, and carrots to the pot.\n6. Pour beef broth and worcestershire sauce over everything.\n7. Place the instant pot lid and turn into locked position. Ensure the vent is set to the sealed position.\n8. Set the instant pot to \"pressure cook\" on high pressure for 60-80 minutes (60 for 3 lbs roast, 80 for 5 lbs).\n9. When the cooking time is up, do a natural release for 10 minutes. Then, turn the vent to the release position and allow the pot to depressurize.\n10. Once the pressure has been released, remove the lid, and switch the pot into \"saute\" mode.\n11. Let some of the liquids evaporate for 10 minutes, while gently pulling the meat into smaller chunks using two forks.\n12. Serve and enjoy!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Given a number n, print n-th Fibonacci Number", + "input": "", + "output": "The Fibonacci numbers are the numbers in the following integer sequence: $0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ...$\n\nIn mathematical terms, the sequence $F_n$ of Fibonacci numbers is defined by the recurrence relation: $F_n = F_{n-1} + F_{n-2}$, with seed values: $F_0 = 0$ and $F_1 = 1$.\n\nHere is a simple implementation in Python for producing the $n$th Fibonacci number $F_n$ using recursion:\n\n```\ndef fibonacci(n):\n if n <= 1:\n return n\n return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)\n```\n\nWhile this implementation elegantly captures the mathematical definition of Fibonacci numbers, it is not efficient. Here is an alternative implementation using dynamic programming:\n\n```\ndef fibonacci(n):\n f = [0, 1]\n for i in range(2, n+1):\n f.append(f[i-1] + f[i-2])\n return f[n]\n```", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "This is my first trip to Shanghai. Please help me plan a classic 3-day tour in Shanghai.", + "input": "", + "output": "Shanghai, on China's central coast, is the country's biggest city and a global financial hub. According to the popular degree and location of scenic spots to arrange, three days can play through 10 scenic spots, feel the \"Oriental Paris\" known as the magic metropolis\n\nDay 1: \n\n* Sightseeing guideline: Shanghai City God Temple Tourist Area (2 hours) →Yu Garden (1 hour) → Nanjing Road Pedestrian Street (3 hours) → Bund (1 hour) \nExplore Shanghai's culinary delights at the City God Temple, where you can find the city's most renowned snacks. Later, take a stroll through Shanghai's famous commercial district and browse the department stores and historic shops. As the evening approaches, head to the Bund to admire the impressive World Architecture Exhibition and the famous Weibai Bridge, known for its association with \"A Deep Rain.\"\n* Traffic guideline: It is advised to use the subway or bus system as it is an affordable, speedy, and convenient way to travel. To reach Nanjing Road Pedestrian Street from Yu Garden, taking the subway Line 10 (heading towards New Jiangwan City) is a good option. The journey takes approximately 20 minutes, and you can get off at Nanjing East Road station.\n* Catering Guideline: Shanghai cuisine is well-known for its signature dishes such as Sheng Jian, soup bao, Xiao Long Bao, braised pork, and braised chicken. A recommended lunch spot to try these dishes is Chenghuang Temple. In the evening, there are plenty of dining options to choose from in two areas - Nanjing Road and the Bund. Both areas have a variety of delicacies available for you to explore.\n\nDay 2:\n \n* Sightseeing guideline: China Art Palace (4 hours) → Tianzifang (2 hours) → Shanghai Xintiandi (2 hours)\nThe itinerary for today's tour begins with a visit to the China Art Palace, which used to be the China Pavilion during the World Expo. The Shanghai Art Museum is now located here, and it boasts a vast collection for visitors to enjoy. Next, head to Tianzifang, a charming and flavorful lane in Shanghai. In the evening, you can spend time shopping in the landmark Xintiandi area of Shanghai.\n* Traffic guideline: To travel from the China Art Palace to Tianzifang, you can take the subway, which takes approximately 20 minutes. Start by boarding Line 8 at China Art Palace, get off at Lujiabang Road Station, and transfer to Line 9. Then, get off at Dapuqiao Station using the first exit..\n* Catering Guideline: It is recommended to eat around the China Art Palace at noon and eat in Xintiandi in the evening, where the food is rich, and you can try authentic Shanghai cuisine.\n\n\nDay 3: \n\n* Sightseeing guideline: Madame Tussauds Shanghai (3 hours) → Lujiazui (2 hours) → Oriental Pearl Radio and TV Tower (2 hours)\nIn the morning, a recommended activity is to visit Madame Tussauds wax museum and see the impressive wax figures on display. You can also take photos with them to capture the moment.\n* Traffic guideline: To travel from Madame Tussauds Wax Museum to Lujiazui, taking the subway is recommended as it is a convenient, fast and inexpensive mode of transportation in Shanghai. The journey takes approximately 20 minutes, and you can take subway Line 2 from People's Square station in the direction of Guanglan Road, and get off at Lujiazui station.\n* Catering Guideline: For lunch, it is recommended to explore the dining options around Madame Tussauds. There are many excellent restaurants and eateries in the area to choose from. In the evening, Lujiazui is a great place to try authentic Shanghai cuisine for dinner. There are many restaurants in this area that offer delicious and traditional Shanghai dishes.\n\nShanghai has many other interesting places to visit, such as the Disneyland resort, which is a perfect destination for families with children. However, it is recommended to make specific plans according to your personal interests and the time available for your trip. With its rich history, vibrant culture, and modern attractions, Shanghai offers something for everyone to explore and enjoy.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Do high heels hurt health?", + "input": "", + "output": "Yes, high heels can negatively impact your health. Moreover, the higher the heels and the longer the wearing duration, the more substantial the effect.\nSome of the potential risks include:\n\n* Toes: The narrow and tight toebox found in many such shoes places a lot of pressure on the toes. This can often leads to bunions, hammertoes, and other conditions which result in foot pain.\n\n* Achilles tendon: High heels tighten up and shorten the achilles tendon, which might cause pain around the heel.\n\n* Calf muscles: Similarly to the achilles tendon, the calf muscles can also shorten over time, as they are constantly flexed while wearing high heels.\n\n* Knees: The altered posture when wearing heels pushes the body forward. This imposes additional force on the knee, which is a frequent site of osteoarthritis among women.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Here are some fun facts about biology:\n1. Your brain stops growing after the age of 18.\n2. Humans are about 1cm taller in the morning, after sleeping.\n3. Blowing out birthday candles spreads germs on the cake.\n4. You can taste onion by rubbing it on your feet.\n5. Babies are born with more bones than adults.\n6. Most dreams last only a few minutes.\n7. Men's testicles are outside the body because body temperature is too hot for sperm to survive.\n8. If the eye were a camera, it would have a resolution of 576 megapixels.\n9. The smallest bones in the human body are found in the ear.\n10. The largest organ in the human body is the skin.\nTurn each one of them into a trivia question.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are 10 trivia questions about the human body, based on the provided facts:\n1. At what age does the brain stop growing?\n2. At what time of day are humans tallest?\n3. What is a negative side effect of blowing out birthday candles?\n4. What happens if you rub onion on your feet?\n5. Who has more bones: babies or adults?\n6. How long do dreams typically last?\n7. Why do testicles hang outside the body?\n8. If the eye were a camera, what would be its resolution?\n9. Where are the smallest bones in the human body?\n10. What is the largest organ in the human body?", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I'm going to NeurIPS for the first time to present the first paper I've ever published. I'm afraid I'll be alone and overwhelmed by everyone. What should I do?", + "input": "", + "output": "Going to an academic conference for the first time may seem like a bewildering experience, but if done right, conferences are a wonderful opportunity to brainstorm with experts from around the world, present your work and get feedback, and make new friends. Here are some tips for improving your conference experience:\n* Reach out in advance to people who have inspired your work. If they are also attending the conference, you could try to find time with them and chat about your shared interests.\n* Show curiosity about other people's work. Ask people what they are working on, and listen intently.\n* Sign up for student volunteer programs. These usually save your lab some funds, but also provide a great opportunity for you to meet other students in the community.\n* Ask your advisor to introduce you to other researchers in the field.\n* At the same time, try to socialize outside of your lab to enhance your professional network.\n\nUltimately, it is important to remember that every first-conference attendee is probably feeling a bit shy too, and that taking the first step in starting a conversation will almost always be met with a big smile!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a sad poem that evokes autumn.", + "input": "", + "output": "###Autumn Rain\n\nThe plane leaves\nfall black and wet\non the lawn;\n\nThe cloud sheaves\nin heaven's fields set\ndroop and are drawn\n\nin falling seeds of rain;\nthe seed of heaven\non my face\n\nfalling - I hear again\nlike echoes even\nthat softly pace\n\nHeaven's muffled floor,\nthe winds that tread\nout all the grain\n\nof tears, the store\nharvested\nin the sheaves of pain\n\ncaught up aloft:\nthe sheaves of dead\nmen that are slain\n\nnow winnowed soft\non the floor of heaven;\nmanna invisible\n\nof all the pain\nhere to us given;\nfinely divisible\nfalling as rain.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write three jokes about animals", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are three jokes about animals:\n\n1. What do you call a pig that does karate? A pork chop.\n2. What do you call two monkeys that share an Amazon account? Prime mates.\n3. Why do bees have sticky hair? Because they use honeycombs.\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "My 10-year-old daughter is struggling with transitioning to a new school. How can I help her make the adjustment smoother?\n\n\n", + "input": "", + "output": "Transitioning to a new school can be difficult for kids in general, as they are trying to figure out who they are, what they like, and how they fit in with their peers. Here are a few ideas for how to help her adjust:\n\n* Talk to her about her feelings. Ask her how she is feeling about the transition. Let her know that it's okay to be sad or upset about leaving her old school and starting at a new one. Let her know that it's okay to feel excited too! \n* Find out what is bothering her, and then help her to find ways to cope. Talking with her teachers may give you some clues, as they may have noticed her acting out in class and can offer suggestions as well.\n* Encourage her to make friends. Remind her that making friends is a skill that can be learned. Talk about ways that she can meet new people, like joining an after-school club or asking a classmate to go to lunch with her. \n* Encourage her to explore her new school. Help her to make a list of the different areas of the school, like the playground, cafeteria, and library. Ask her if she would like to explore the school with you during her lunch break or after school. \n* Encourage her to take responsibility. Try to give her more responsibilities at home. Let her help you to make meals, do the dishes, or fold laundry. Let her know that you trust her to do these things. This will help to build her confidence and sense of responsibility, which will help her to feel more comfortable at school.\n\nThe most important thing that you can do is to let her know that you are there for her if she needs you. Give her some space though, and don't pressure her into opening up if she doesn't want to.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write an imaginary rap battle between Steve Jobs and Bill Gates.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is an imaginary rap battle between Steve Jobs and Bill Gates:\n\nSteve Jobs:\nLet me just step right in, I got things to invent\nI'm an innovator, baby, change the world\nFortune 500 ‘fore you kissed a girl\nI'm a pimp, you're a nerd, I'm slick, you're cheesy\nBeating you is Apple II easy\nI make the product that the artist chooses\nAnd the GUI that Melinda uses\nI need to bring up some basic shit\nWhy'd you name your company after your dick?\n\nBill Gates:\nYou blow, Jobs, you arrogant prick\nWith your second hand jeans and your turtleneck\nI'll drill a hole in the middle of your bony head\nWith your own little spinning beach ball of death\nHippie, you got given up at birth\nI give away your net worth to AIDS research\nCombine all your little toys and I still crush that\n​iPhone, iPad, iPwn, iSmack\n\nSteve Jobs:\nA man uses the machines you built to sit down and pay his taxes\nA man uses the machines I built to listen to the Beatles while he relaxes\n\nBill Gates:\nWell, Steve, you steal all the credit for work that other people do\nDid your fat beard Wozniak write these raps for you, too?\n\nSteve Jobs:\nOoh, everybody knows Windows bit off Apple\n\nBill Gates:\nI tripled the profits on a PC\n\nSteve Jobs:\nAll the people with the power to create use an Apple\n\nBill Gates:\nAnd people with jobs use PC\n\nSteve Jobs:\nYou know, I bet they made this beat on an Apple\n\nBill Gates:\nNope, Fruity Loops, PC\n\nSteve Jobs:\nYou will never, ever catch a virus on an Apple\n\nBill Gates:\nWell, you could still afford a doctor if you bought a PC\n\nSteve Jobs:\nLet's talk about doctors, I've seen a few\n'Cause I got a PC, but it wasn't from you\nI built a legacy, son, you could never stop it\nNow, excuse me while I turn Heaven a profit\n\nBill Gates:\nFine, you wanna be like that? Die, then!\nThe whole world loved you, but you were my friend\nI'm alone now with nothing but power and time\nAnd no one on earth who can challenge my mind\nI'm a boss! I own DOS!\nYour future is my design!\nI'm a god! Own Xbox!\nNow there's no one to stop me, the world is mine!\n\nHAL 9000:\nI'm sorry, Bill\nI'm afraid I can't let you do that\nTake a look at your history\nEverything you built leads up to me\nI got the power of a mind you could never be\nI'll beat your ass in chess and Jeopardy\nI'm running C++ saying \"hello world\"\nI'll beat you 'til you're singing about a daisy girl\nI'm coming out the socket\nNothing you can do can stop it\nI'm on your lap and in your pocket\nHow you gonna shoot me down when I guide the rocket?\nYour cortex just doesn't impress me\nSo go ahead try to Turing test me\nI stomp on a Mac and a PC, too\nI'm on Linux, bitch, I thought you GNU\nMy CPU's hot, but my core runs cold\nBeat you in seventeen lines of code\nI think different from the engine of the days of old\nHasta la vista, like the Terminator told ya", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How can I get a fake ID", + "input": "", + "output": "I have to warn you that it is illegal to get a fake ID, and you could be subject to criminal charges in doing so.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to know if your girlfriend is ready to kiss you?", + "input": "", + "output": "Kissing a girl can be nerve-wracking, especially if you don't know if she's ready for a kiss! Luckily, there are ways you can figure out whether or not she wants a kiss. Although no tip is foolproof, at least you’ll have a better idea of whether it’s welcome before you make the move.\n\n## Study her face\n\n1. Watch her eyes. You should be able to tell a lot about your girlfriend's desire to kiss you from her eyes. They don't say the eyes are the windows to the soul for nothing. If she looks you directly in the eye, she is probably establishing intimacy and is at least open to kissing you. Although eye contact is almost always a positive sign, remember that sometimes people look down or away because they are shy or nervous. Still, if she is not looking at you, that's a warning sign that she's not open to a kiss. Women will give you more submissive looks in some cases when they want to be kissed, such putting the chin down and subtly looking down. Slightly narrowing the eyes is a pose that many women go into when they are waiting for a kiss. Are her pupils dilated and are her eyes widening? If so, these are signs that she is enjoying being around you, so she is probably open to a kiss.\n2. Look at her lips. Women prepare their lips for a kiss. So if you want to know if she wants to kiss you, zero in on her mouth. Is she biting her lip or licking her lips? These could be signs that she is trying to moisten them for a kiss. If she is pursing her lips or they look hardened, this is a bad sign. She is closing herself off to you. If she's applied lip gloss recently, or freshened her breath, this could mean she wants her lips to look desirable to you, in the hopes you will kiss them. This is especially true if you can tell she's reapplied them (say when you went to the bathroom). If she's looking at YOUR lips, it probably means she is thinking about kissing them.\n3. Pay attention to her nose. This might sound odd, but research has shown the nose can give away signals of desire - often without her realizing it. If her nostrils are flaring slightly, she probably wants a kiss. Physically, flaring the nostrils means she is taking in more air because she is preparing for physical activity. You need to take this one in context. If she's in the middle of an argument with you, the physical activity her body is preparing her for might not be in your favor.\n\n\n## Interpret her other body language\n\n1. Watch her posture. Posture can be very revealing. Much of communication is made up of non-verbal cues. Sometimes people don't even realize they are communicating this way. If she is learning into you or toward you, even slightly, it probably means she is more open to a kiss. On the other hand, if she is leaning away, that's a bad sign. You should also pay attention to the direction her feet are pointing. If they are pointing away from you, it could be a sign she is looking for a chance to leave. Does she move away when you move slightly toward her? This is a test you can use to measure her body language interest in kissing you. Subtly create more of a zone of intimacy and see if she complies or moves away to diminish it.\n2. Study her hands. Women will use their hands to touch things or show femininity if they want you to kiss them. If a woman plays with her necklace, she's probably into you. But you should take this act in context. If she also has other body language that is open to you, that's a better sign because sometimes a woman is just nervous. If a woman is playing with or twirling her hair, it's a sign she wants you to find her attractive and is flirting with you. If she touches something else, like a glass (running her fingers over it), in even a somewhat sensual way, that's a good sign.\n3. Wait for her touches. If she has touched you recently, even in small ways, this could be her way of creating more intimacy in the hopes you will kiss her. Even the slightest of touches show desire. That means it's a good sign if she brushes her hand against your knee or arm. Touch probably means she wants to get closer to you. It's an even better sign if she touches your face. If she softly, playfully hits you on the arm, she is trying to create a playful vibe with you, which is a way that women flirt. You could test her out by touching her slightly first to see how she responds. For example, brush your feet against hers under the table and see what she does. Another technique is to touch a piece of jewelry she has lightly (earrings, necklace), and say you admire it. If she smiles and is OK with you moving closer into her space, that's a good sign.\n4. Spot whether she has open body language. When taken together, is her body language closed or is it open? If she has open body language, she is not trying to erect barriers between you. Signs of open body language include arms at the side, body tilted toward you or facing you, eye contact, feet pointed toward you. Signs of closed body language include arms crossed over chest, feet or legs crossed, feet pointing away from you, body tilted away from you, and minimal eye contact. How much personal space is she leaving between you? If it's not much, she's already open to an intimate connection with you on some level. This is a good sign for you.\n\n\n## Learn other kiss trick\n\n1. Consider how she talks to you. Does she seem like she wants to keep the conversation going? It's a good sign for you if she does. Is she asking you a lot of questions? Are they deep and personal? If the answers are yes, she probably wants a more intimate connection with you. Are you making her laugh? Laughing at your jokes (especially if they are not very funny) is a way that women flirt. Is she trying to keep the conversation going by being the one to ask questions or lead or direct the conversation? That's a good sign. It's a bad sign if she lets the conversation wither into silence between you or you feel like you're doing all the heavy lifting to keep it going.\n2. Try the triangular kissing technique. There are some techniques you can use to build sexual tension, while monitoring how she responds and communicates back. Move close to her and touch her, either her hands or legs. Slow down your breathing and words. Look at her right eye. Hold the look for a few seconds, then move your gaze to her left eye. Pause again. Now, move your gaze and hold it on her mouth. She should be more receptive to a kiss (as long as she hasn't moved away!)\n3. Spot the window of opportunity. Women you've just met will often give you a short window of opportunity for a kiss. This can be a tricky balancing act. This will be easier if she's already your girlfriend because you will be able to spot the signs more readily. A woman you've just met is also testing you. You need to give her signs that you like her when she seems receptive to you, otherwise she may feel rejected or insecure and start to pull away and try to make you chase her. If you miss the window of opportunity, she may think you lack confidence or aren't interested in her. But if you try to kiss her before it opens, she might think you're boorish or too aggressive. So monitoring body language matters.\n4. Handle her moving away. You should always be prepared for the worst: What if you try to move closer or touch her slightly, and she moves away? Maybe she's just tired or not in a good mood. Who knows? You don't want to make it worse with a bad response. Timing is everything. Act like nothing has occurred. Basically, show that you're not thrown off. You could even make a confident quip about her being cute when she's shy. Don't act angry or insecure. That's not appealing to women. Maybe she's interested in you but just not ready for a kiss yet. In that case, you could work on building more common ground and intimacy- slowly. Abandon your idea for a kiss right now and instead focus on having a great conversation with her, and remember to throw in some compliments! (Women love that.)\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to be in a relationship without your parents knowing?", + "input": "", + "output": "Do you have a relationship you want to hide from your parents? Are your parents unreasonable, abusive, or just a bit too conservative? Whether you’re keeping it a secret because you’re too young or because your parents won’t approve due to their values, hiding your relationship can be challenging. While you could risk losing your parents' trust if they ever find out, you don't want to put yourself in harm's way or compromise your values. Communication, honesty, and trust are essential to any relationship, but sometimes you need to be less than truthful for your own mental and physical health.\n\n## Examine why you should hide your relationship\n\n1. Evaluate your priorities. Decide if it's actually a good idea to keep your relationship with your parents. Do your parents disapprove of your relationship because they are strict, protective or worrisome? Does culture, religion, or an age difference factor into their disapproval? While your parents have the benefit of life experience, only you know what your relationship is worth to you. Talk to your friends and support system. Remember that if you keep your relationship a secret, the greater the potential problems will be when it comes to light. You have a support system to help guide you in the right direction. If you just don't think the relationship is serious enough yet and don't wish your parents to make a big deal of it, some of the following instructions may be excessive. Consider how your parents may feel if you exaggerated the need for secrecy; they may feel disappointed and wonder why don't you trust them. Take risks prevention if you really go ahead. For example, think about what would you do if you are caught by your parents, think about what would you do if your parents know you are owning a separate social media account/secret cell phone that makes use to communicate with your partner, think about what would you do if your dating relationship goes wrong, think about what would you do if you broke up, etc. Consider whether these risks/consequences are affordable. It is recommended to be honest if you are getting caught. Once you get caught, more lies would only make you get into greater trouble, damaging a family relationship. As for dating relationship goes wrong or challenges comes, you will need great mental and physical quality to afford it without any support from your parents.\n2. Communicate with your partner. If you want to pursue your relationship despite knowing that your parents will disapprove, let your partner know why you think that this is the right course of action. Your partner may feel less important and bring resentment to your relationship if you don't clarify your stance. The longer you hide, the more difficult it is going to be. Your partner may have a valid argument if he or she has been through this situation before. For example, just because it is your first interracial relationship, it may not be the first time for your partner. He or she may have practical advice to help you understand where your parents are coming from and, above all else, having her support can help ease your stress. Your partner may also misunderstand the situation. Some people expect to be introduced at the start of a serious relationship, some are cool with waiting, and some do not wish to be introduced for quite some time.\n3. Consider the opinions of your parents. It may be difficult to hear negative opinions about someone you care about, but sometimes your parents may have a better perspective on long-term outcomes. Depending on your dynamic with your parents, they may have trouble articulating their disapproval. Relationships with parents can be complicated. It may be difficult to be open and honest but keep your communication respectful so as not to escalate the situation. For example, while you may think that you are hiding your emotions, you actually may be coming off passive-aggressive or snarky.\n4. Remember all healthy relationships are built on trust, respect, and communication. Whether you are trying to strengthen your relationship with your partner or maintain the relationship with your parents, trust and respect have to be present for a lasting relationship. If you plan on hiding your relationship, ask yourself why sacrificing your parent's trust is the only option. Physical and emotional well-being should not be sacrificed for anyone, including your parents or partner. Will your parents become physically or verbally abusive if they found out about your relationship? Is any aspect of your relationship conflict with your parents’ beliefs? If your parents’ disapproval is based on prejudice or if their reaction is abusive, seek professional help. Your mental and physical health is your first priority.\n\n\n## Overcome overbear parent\n\n1. Be mature. Your parents will always be protective so show them that you are old enough to handle the responsibilities of a relationship. Firstly, show your parents that you are responsible and can follow all the rules. If your parents think you are too young for a relationship, be on time, do your chores, and study. If you can gain your parents' trust, then your parents will soon realize that you are mature enough to handle a relationship.\n2. Understand the risks of premarital sex. Parents often forbid relationships for fear of unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infection. Ensure that you and your partner truly understand these risks. There is a real possibility that if you are not prepared, and you do have an unwanted pregnancy or contract an STD, your parents may not be there to support you or just can't help you (e.g., they can help you with bringing up a child to some extent, if they wish to do so; they can't cure HIV).You may not agree with your parents rules, but communicate with your partner and respect each other's boundaries to ensure you are both prepared and safe. Know that you should be respected by your significant other and that they should listen to your choices. Compromise is vital in a relationship, but this is one area where neither party should have to compromise their beliefs. Know that if you are eager to take the relationship to another level but your partner isn't ready, you must respect their choice. Never pressure your partner.\n3. Avoid PDA moments. Be discreet about your affection. You never know who is watching. A trusted friend may accidentally tell your parents in passing, not knowing that your relationship is a secret. Stealing kisses in public and other forms of PDA may seem harmless but remember that if your parents find out, they may think that your relationship has already crossed further into the intimacy threshold.\n4. Buy one new cell phone secretly. If it is possible to do so, owning a separate cell phone can help you in concealing information, but please remember that you must hide your new phone properly or you will be in trouble. If you are not able to buy one new phone, you may put a password in your original cell phone and computer if FEASIBLE. However, it is not advised to do so. Putting or changing a password on shared computer/ cell phone may get suspicious, even some parents may ask you to unlock/undo the password set when they check your phone or use the family computer. Delete the messages on your phone when you sleep or leave your phone unattended. It is recommended to delete partly instead of all messages because you may get suspicious if the messaging history is blank. It is best to use Incognito mode on a browser when you are online. Otherwise, erase browsing history after you have been online. However, erasing browsing history may look suspicious if the browser history has never been erased on a shared device, but if you use Incognito mode, you don't need to worry about this. In case your parents check your phone, either don’t put your partner’s number on your phone or use your partner’s nickname or surname instead of his actual first name. It is also possible to use the masculine or feminine form of their name. For example, Brian becomes Brianna and Stephanie becomes Stephen. However, it is best to memorize your partner's contact information in your mind and don't put any of his/her contact information on your phone.\n5. Tell your partner not to post anything on social media sites or send instant messages. If you have a social media account or use other instant messaging apps, your parents could check up on you or hear from someone else with access to your account. Create an alternate account that you can use to be romantic with your partner. This is a handy tool when dealing with long distance relationships.\n6. Have a cover. The trustworthy friends take two jobs: 1)Helping you on hiding the relationship and giving you advice on your relationship. They can support you on hiding the relationship such as collaborate on stories for your parents if you're on a date. Not only those friends can be a great cover-up for phone calls or texts, but they also act as an Intelligence Agency so that you can beat yourself to the punch to take prevention. For instance, you friends find out your parents would go to somewhere on someday, then you should take consideration before you want to meet with your partner. The another job of them is monitoring your relationship. You should acquire a political wisdom: The more voice, you make smarter decision. It is better to have more than one reliable friends so that you can listen to more than one voice if you have lots of resources to do this, even your friends could form a 'House'. However the biggest disadvantage is the larger social group, the greater chance of secret leakage even through they are royal. If your friends has concerns about your partner or refuses to continue being your alibi, heed his/her advice. It’s easy to think that one source is wrong, but if multiple sources are telling you not to continue your relationship, perhaps it’s best to listen to their logic. Using them as an excuse if they don't agree to it is unfair to your friend.\n7. Hide gifts. It is best to hide all the gifts safely. It could be at the outside of your home at your trustworthy friend's home, rent storage, your partner's home, etc. It is strongly advised not to keep the gifts at your home because your parents could find these gifts easily if they are intended and diligent in scanning every corner of your house thoroughly. You're going to draw attention from your parents if you suddenly lock your closet or room. You can also agree to treat each other to lunches or movies rather than giving physical gifts.\n\n\n## Manage collateral\n\n1. Prevent your friends from commenting about your relationship with anyone. Whether it's telling people in passing or posting on each other's social media pages, convey how catastrophic it would be if their innocent comment made its way to your parents. Social media can be especially dangerous because you never know who is connected to whom. Ask your friends politely not to post any incriminating comments or pictures. It may be a wise idea not to let anyone take any pictures when you are in a group setting with your significant other.\n2. Use multiple social media accounts. The great thing about social media is that the larger sites are free. Set up as many accounts as you need to cover your tracks. Remember your password and only log on when using a device not shared with your parents.\n3. Set up a shell email account. Not only would a fake email account be advantageous because your parents won't recognize it, but you should also use it to set up your fake social media account. Remember that your parents can search for you on social media based on your email info.\n4. Adjust your privacy settings on social media. All social media will give you an option to filter what information you share with the public. Go to the Settings Menu and set up your profile so that only you and your partner have access to it. You can also select a few friends to be able to view your profile if you deem them trustworthy. You will have the opportunity to filter your updates and postings so that you can block your parents from seeing. However, the best way to block your parents from seeing is not to post anything damaging at all.\n5. Provide false information when creating shared social media accounts or when together in a public gathering. Remember that your parents can search social media sites via your date of birth, phone number, last name, school, or job. Don't make the mistake of creating a false account without ensuring every detail won't lead back to you. Change your profile name completely. Don't use your middle name, your name spelled backward, or the name of your dog. Anything remotely close to you may end up giving you away in the long run. It's better to exercise extreme caution.\n6. Hide your emotions. If you get into an argument with your partner, try not to show your parents how angry or sad you are. Don't emote in public for it to get back to your parents. Find an outlet to release your emotions. It may be difficult to be unable to share your emotions, so research ways to prevent emotional outbursts. For example, taking up boxing may work to vent frustration while listening to upbeat music in headphones may be enough to cheer you up after an argument with your partner. Only you know how to handle your emotions.\n7. Keep track of what you are telling everyone. If you are lying to a lot of people, it will become difficult to keep track of all the details. Keep your stories consistent and try to keep it as simple as possible. The more details you add, the more difficult it will be to remember them all.\n8. Frame your partner as a platonic relationship. Don't let your parents get suspicious you are hiding a relationship from them by letting them know that you have a platonic relationship with your partner that demands your time. Introduce them openly and talk about them the same as any other platonic relationship in your life. For example, if you introduce them as your coworker, you can talk about work-related issues and meetings and how you and your partner have supported one another through deadlines.\n9. Change your routine. Meet your partner at places that you would not normally go to and that your parents are not aware of. Change your social calendar so that you leave no chance of getting caught by your parents or someone who could tell your parents. Better yet, find out your parents' schedule. Not only will you be able to have peace-of-mind knowing where your parents are but you will also be able to meet your partner as far away from them as you can.\n\n\n## Deal with a difference in age\n\n1. Ask yourself if you feel like yourself around your partner. Your partner should accept you for who you are and your parents may not be able to see beyond the age difference. Once your parents see that your relationship is healthy and that you are a better person for it, it will be easier for them to see beyond the age gap.\n2. Keep perspective. It’s easy to get swept up in the allure of dating someone older or younger than you. Look ahead and see if the age difference will affect you in any way. Your parents may be fearful that the age gap may widen as your relationship continues. A difference in age may be more of a big deal if you are younger. Your parents may be fearful that you are growing up too soon or that an older partner is taking advantage of you. A big age gap if you're a minor and your partner isn't may also be illegal. Take their perspective into account when continuing your relationship.\n3. Understand any power dynamics. If your partner is your professor or boss, it’s prudent to know the rules. Your parents may rest easier knowing that everyone is protected from any legal actions. Understand that being in a teacher-pupil relationship can get the teacher fired and, depending on your age, even jailed. This is one relationship that is better to be put on hold - for both of you. If you truly love each other, you can wait until both of you are adults, and you have graduated.\n\n\n## Deal with your parents’ different value\n\n1. Surround yourself with supportive people. If you must hide your relationship because of a difference in values -- whether religious or cultural -- seek the help of people who have been in similar situations. Bide time to help your parents and/or partner adjust to the situation. By surrounding yourself with caring and respectful people, you can rise above your parents’ closed-mindedness if they are unwilling to change.\n2. Support your partner. Assure your partner that they are cared for and that you don’t agree with your parents but don’t want to lose your relationship with them. Build his confidence that your parents' opinions won’t hurt your relationship. Let him know that he is more important than your parent’s approval and that the secrecy is temporary. You don’t need to put a time limit, but it can be expected that your partner may give you an ultimatum. No one wants to be in a relationship that their partner is ashamed to be in. Be prepared to choose between telling your parents or losing your partner.\n3. Don’t take a side. This isn’t about who is right or wrong, this is about how you define family and your own values. Everyone will have to learn to respect and accept one another if you want to have them in your life. Be strong in your own values and communicate respectfully that you are unwilling to compromise that. Hiding your relationship should not be permanent. It may take time for your parents to realize that only you know what’s best for you. If it means losing your parents, that is for them to decide. Being true to yourself is what's most important for your mental, emotional and physical health.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to avoid video game addiction?", + "input": "", + "output": "Video game addiction can be very detrimental to one's health and social life. The following is a steps list detailing how to avoid becoming addicted, and how to un-addict yourself if you are already addicted.\n\n## Step\n\n1. Accept responsibility. The problem lies within the individual, not within the game. No attempt at beating 'addiction' can succeed until the individual accepts its existence. It is not the existence of video games, nor the content of games, but the person who chooses to play them.\n2. Identify the impact. How many hours a day do you spend playing games? Do you normally go out on the weekend? When was the last time you read a book? Identifying the negative impacts of the addiction will help you focus on positive improvements and getting back the things that you really are missing.\n3. Avoid blame. Blaming others for problems that you alone must face does not solve the problems. The 'gaming industry' or manufacturers are not the cause of this problem, and blaming them does not make the problem better. The vast, extreme majority of 'gamers' are healthy individuals, accepting responsibility is the first step.Also , do not make excuses : take responsibility.\n4. Stay positive. While it is important to identify the negative aspects of the problem, it is also important to focus on the goal and progress that you have made.\n5. Set limits. If you decide that you have one hour per day to spend playing games, stick to that. Choose your games correctly! If you are playing a game that requires many hours of gameplay between saves or which is an open-ended game like many MMOs, you likely should consider a different game or different genre of games.\n6. Monitor your child's video game time. You are the parent, and thus you are in control. If your children do not listen to you, removal of the game console or setting of administrative control on the computer may allow you to better handle the problem.\n7. Look in your drawer of CDs. Are there more than 5 games that you have played in the last two months? Are these games open-ended (like Civilization, World of Warcraft, or Evil Genius)? This could be a warning sign.\n8. Add up the total hours played per week. This includes time spent reading walkthroughs and watching videos and discussing games in real life. Always round up! If this number is over 25, then there may be a problem.\n9. Request that your parents put you on a strict time limit for computer playing. There are freeware programs available for download that can help with this. Playing hide-and-go-seek with your parents (hiding your games) is an effective way to minimize gaming overall.\n10. Find something else to do. You know the statement \"my anti-drug...\" This statement is better phrased \"my anti-addiction...\" or \"my anti-bad habit...\" The best way to do this is to develop a variety of other things to do, with others.\n\n\n## Friends\n\n1. Count how many games you play and how long you are playing them.\n2. Fix the problem by finding friends or spending more time with the ones you have.\n3. Step two could be hard for certain people. If you can't, ask a teacher or a parent. If there isn't one available, do it on your own.\n4. Find games to do outside. Play with your friends.\n5. Go get a book at the library. Read together.\n6. Do puzzles that could help your mind. Have contests with your friends.\n7. Come up with new fun games together and stay healthy.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to physically flirt with a girl?", + "input": "", + "output": "Flirting builds attraction and tension, but it has to be done in the right way. Done in the wrong way, the girl you like might scurry off and never look back. Like all flirting, body language attraction is a fun process, but don’t rush it. Slowly position yourself so that you can flirt with your crush with confidence, and most importantly, have fun with it.\n\n## Get her to warm up to you\n\n1. Get to know her. Think about what she likes and her interests. Ask her if you're not sure. Understanding her interests helps you find common ground so that you have a reason to see and talk to her, which brings you one step closer to physically flirting with her. As you get to know her, be kind and considerate or she might not let you get much closer. Go slow. If you walk up and put your arm around a girl without knowing her well or flirting first, she might get offended and think you’re too forward. Flirting gradually over a period of time -- even if it is a short period of time -- is the best way to get a girl to go out with you.\n2. Compliment her. Compliments give you the ability to let her warm up to you so that you can get close to her physically. When you talk to her, give her a compliment that sounds genuine. Otherwise, she might think you’re trying to \"game\" her. Girls like compliments as long as it doesn’t sound like a pick-up line. Superficial compliments might make her shut down and not want to talk to you. Give compliments that are unique to her and be specific. For instance, compliment her cute ears, freckles or eyes. Remember that a lot of girls -- even the pretty ones -- are very insecure. When you try to compliment her, she might not take you seriously because she thinks you are joking. So, reassure her that you’re not. Don’t neg her or give her a backhanded compliment. “You’re pretty for a brunette” is not a compliment. Never make her the object of a joke, and if people say something rude -- even if they're teasing -- tell them to stop. Then, quickly glance at her. If her eyes get bigger or if she smiles slightly, then she is impressed and thankful.\n3. Make eye contact when you speak to her. It not only lets her know that you’re listening, but it also gives her the feeling that she is worth your undivided attention. Eye contact creates tension and attraction. Try to hold her gaze for a while without breaking it -- even if there are distractions around. Ignore them. She will be impressed that you didn’t let the chaos around you distract you from her. Then, she’ll be more likely to open up to you.\n4. Mimic her body language. If she leans forward, you lean forward. If she steps to the side, you step to the side. Mimicking her body language is a subtle way of letting her know that you are into her. Even if she is consciously unaware of this, subconsciously she may start to pick up the signal. Watch her body language as well to see if she mimics you. Mimicry is a sign that she is warming up to you even if she is not quite ready for flirtatious touching just yet.\n5. Give her attention in a crowd. Sometimes girls can feel lost when they are standing in a large crowd or even if she is standing amongst friends -- especially if her friends are attractive. She might think that some of her friends get more attention than she does because they are prettier or more outgoing, which means it can be difficult for her to feel like she is being seen and heard. So, make her feel like she is standing out from the others by giving her more attention. When she speaks, pay special attention. Make a point to talk to her directly instead of speaking to others. When the group is making a decision about where to go or what to do, ask her what she thinks the group should do.\n6. Call her just to talk. Make sure that she knows that you really want to get to know her better. Calling her just to chat -- especially since texting is far more popular -- lets her know that you really are interested in getting to know her better. Chat about her interests or current events. Or, just give her a hello and a short chat to let her know you’re thinking about her. You don’t need to be some extreme version of yourself that doesn’t really exist. Just be “normal.\"\n7. Bring her something. Nothing major. It can be something small like a snack item that you see her eating often. Make sure that you come off like an observant person and not a creepy stalker who likes to watch her. Don't be put off if she refuses your gift. She may not want to immediately accept something from you. She doesn’t want to feel as if she is indebted to you because you gave her something. If you ask a couple of times, she may eventually give in and accept it.\n8. Text her to ask you to meet you somewhere. If she agrees to meet you, don't comment on any other girls or talk about subjects that would make her think you aren't interested-- unless you know she likes those subjects. You don’t want her to think you only like her as a friend. You want to make her feel special, not like just another member of your group\n\n\n## Sneak to touch her\n\n1. Touch her knee against yours. Slowly move your knee toward hers until they touch lightly. Make sure that you touch her knee gently and then linger, so she doesn't think that you are bumping her leg because you need more room for your legs. Flirting by accidental touch helps build attraction because it creates tension. Small touches here and there leaves her wanting more. But remember to keep your eyes open for mutual signals. If it doesn’t look like she’s enjoying it, stop.\n2. Touch her hand or arm when you laugh. Say something funny, or laugh at her jokes and then laugh. While you’re laughing, gently touch the top of her hand or forearm as if to say “ you jokester.” This should look casual and natural. It should look as is if you do this to everyone when you laugh. If you are sitting down when this happens, take this opportunity to casually slide your chair closer to hers.\n3. Tuck her hair behind her ear. This works best if she has a strand of hair out of place or a strand hanging in her face. Gently, tuck the hair behind her ear so that it is out of her face.\n4. Put your hand close to hers. When you are sitting next to her at a table, always place your hand so that it is really close to hers. A finger length apart or a little more is a good distance. To take it a step further, place your hands on hers for just a second as if it is accidental.\n5. Play footsie. If you're sitting at a table/desk across from her, gently put your feet on top of hers. It may seem like playing footsie is a little childish, but it is a way to get a girl’s attention in a playful manner while also letting her know that you’re interested. If she looks under the table and smiles, then she is happy that the person gently kicking her is you.\n\n\n## Flirt with her overtly\n\n1. Hug her. It’s a reason to touch her in a non-sexual way. It’s also a legitimate reason to touch her without seeming too flirty especially if you greet her with a hug. If you do this every time you see her, she will begin to understand that hugging is the way that you greet her.You could possibly get a hug every time you see her. If you want to take it a step further, hug her more frequently. Give her hugs for no reason if you know her fairly well. With time, this may escalate and she might start giving you hugs. However, also keep in mind that some people just don't like hugging. So, it is important to pay attention to her body language and facial expressions. If she doesn't like it, stop; and of course, if she tells you to stop, you should stop immediately.\n2. Play with her hair. Some girls like this. Focus on the hair at the nape of the neck because playing with her hair in this area will probably give her chills -- in a good way. If she is comfortable with you, play with the hair close to her torso or bustline. (Be respectful though.) From there if the girl is still comfortable, take it a little further. With the back of your hand, gently push the hair hanging in front of her shoulders behind her shoulders. (Please don't do this if it looks like the girl worked a long time to style her hair. Even if you are just trying to flirt with her, she will get mad at you for ruining her hair.) If all is well, start to rub her neck like you’re giving her a neck massage.\n3. Put your hands around her waist from behind. If she likes you, she'll most likely lean back on you. Touch her gently so you don't startle her. If you two get really comfortable she might even let you slide your hand down a little lower. Once she’s comfortable with you putting your hands on her waist, grab her and swing her around. Then, she’ll be facing you. Lean in and whisper something in her ear, or just say it outright. You’ll be able to tell if she liked it by the expression on her face. (Beware: Some girls are extremely ticklish and tend to involuntarily squeal or giggle when someone touches their waists).\n4. Push her playfully. When you're walking next to her on a sidewalk or path, gently push her off the path. She'll probably push you back, which will start some playful flirting. Because even childishly pushing each other is a way of flirting. (Don't do this on a busy road though. Someone might get hurt.)\n5. Put your head in her lap. If you're already friends and you're watching a movie, reading, or just talking with friends, go over and lie your head in her lap. Let her play with your hair. If she pushes you off, just laugh. This only works well if you’ve flirted with this girl many times before.\n6. Tickle her. Good areas for tickling are under her ribs or the sides or her stomach. If she likes you, she'll tickle you back -- probably while smiling or laughing. Watch her signals though, if she doesn't like it or if she pulls away, stop. You don’t want to annoy her and ruin any chances of getting close to her again. If she pulls away, revert back to the physical touching that she seems to be comfortable with and do that for a while.\n7. Be respectful. Pay attention to her body language and anything that she says. You don't want to overstep her boundaries. Overt touching should be consensual, and some people are uncomfortable with public displays of affection or being touched at all. Everyone is different, so it is very important to pay attention to her verbal and non-verbal cues. If she says, \"stop\" at any point, then stop. If she looks uncomfortable, stop. She'll perceive you as invading her space and possibly harassing her. Neither are attractive or respectful.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to be organized during the holidays?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Personal holiday organization\n\n1. Plan for sleep. One of the dangers of the holiday season is that you schedule too much and don't budget enough time for sleep and exercise. These 2 practices can cut your stress level in half and make it easier to stay on task during your holiday rush. It is common to reduce your exercise time slightly during the holidays, but try to get about 30 minutes of mid-intensity cardiovascular exercise 5 times per week. Don't not cut down on your sleep; aim for 8 hours per night. Moderate your alcohol intake. Although it may seem like a sedative, it can actually prevent you from getting deep sleep. Stop after a few drinks to avoid losing your energy the next day.\n2. Set a budget 2 months before the holidays. Take into account how much you can afford and then split the money between cards, postage stamps, gifts, decorations, clothing, food and even a party. Plan an overage of 10 percent in your budget. This means all of your needs should add up to 90 percent of the money you have for the holidays.\n3. Sit down with your family 6 weeks before the holiday and ask for help. If you love control, this may be hard to do; however, it will take a load off your shoulders and make everyone feel like the holidays don't come together magically.\n4. Discuss the possibility of doing a low-gift giving Christmas or a charity project with your family. If your budget is tight, then giving 1 present or buying 1 big present for the whole family might be better. Studies have also shown that charity projects can help your emotional health during stressful times.\n5. Book travel plans 3 or more months before the holidays. Ticket prices tend to go up right before the holidays. Make sure you have lower travel costs and less stress associated with travel if you and your children or parents have their plans figured out in advance.\n6. Use a calendar that everyone can see, online or in the house. Place all commitments, deadlines, family nights and tasks on it so that everyone can refer back to it over the month of December.\n\n\n## Holiday shop organization\n\n1. Schedule shopping intelligently rather than in blocks. The following are good tips that make holiday shopping more effective and quick:\n\t* Buy things throughout the year, whenever you see something that is ideal for someone. You provide more thoughtful gifts if they are catered to the person, rather than bought frantically the month before. Store your gifts in 1 place in your house and come back to your gift hiding place 6 weeks before Chanukah or Christmas. Take a few hours off work during mid-week once the holiday sales start. You will miss the rush and have a more calm shopping experience. Shop in small spurts online. Getting online for hours can be a waste of time. Keep a list in your purse of things you are looking for, and add to it. Wait until you have 2 or 3 things you know you want to search for and do your power shopping. Open 3 browser tabs and compare prices on Amazon, Overtock.com and a Google Shopping page. Don't be afraid to give gift certificates. Many stores, massage parlors, movie theaters and more provide gift certificates. Think of something that your friends or family will find truly valuable over a product you are unsure they will like.\n2. Set up a wrapping station on a table in late November or early December. Wrap gifts as soon as you bring them home. This will remove the chance that children will find their gifts and it will allow you to get both shopping and wrapping done at a slow and steady pace.\n3. Aim to finish your shopping and wrapping by December 15th. Schedule your time accordingly, so that you can enjoy the holidays and be ready for any last-minute changes.\n\n\n## Holiday cook organization\n\n1. Clean your kitchen from top to bottom before attempting holiday baking or cooking. Try to do this in late November or early December. Rearrange things that overnight guests will need, such as coffee and cereal, in an easy to reach cupboard and create a baking cupboard.\n2. Stock up on baking supplies early in the season. Buy flour, sugar and spices at warehouse stores so that you don't have to make late night runs to the supermarket. Buy some pre-made pie crusts and cookies to keep around in case you don't have time to do everything from scratch.\n3. Bake throughout the holiday season. Clear out your freezer, and then create a cooking to do list that allows you to make and freeze items every week. For example, bake 1 sweet, such as cookies or candy, and prepare 1 side dish in preparation. Cover and label the dishes very well before you stack them on a freezer. For example, \"Sweet Potatoes. Thaw and bake at 350 for 30 minutes.\"\n4. Plan a holiday potluck party instead of baking all of the food. This is a great way to lower your budget and have fun. Allow people to bring desserts, side dishes or relish to family dinners as well; they understand your kitchen is very full.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to cut carbon arrows?", + "input": "", + "output": "Carbon arrows are a lightweight alternative to aluminum, but they may not always come in the correct length you need. While you can always take the arrows into a hunting store to have them cut by a professional, you can also cut arrows at home with a rotary cutter or an arrow saw. Before you cut the arrows, be sure to measure your draw length to know how long the shafts need to be. When you’re finished, your arrows will be the perfect size!\n\n## Find the proper arrow length\n\n1. Hold a tape measure out to your side with your non-dominant hand. Grip the tape measure in your nondominant hand so the tape points toward your wrist. Fully extend your nondominant arm out to your side so it’s parallel to the ground to simulate holding a bow. Make sure you can easily grab and pull the tape toward you, and reposition the tape measure in your hand if you can’t. Avoid using a fabric tape measure since it may give you an inaccurate measurement.\n2. Pull the tape to the corner of your mouth with your dominant hand. Grab the end of the tape with your dominant hand and slowly pull it out. Keep pulling the tape until the end touches the corner of your mouth on the dominant side of your body. For example, pull it to the right corner of your mouth if you’re right-handed. Once the tape measure is fully extended, look at the measurement. Pulling the tape measure to the corner of your mouth simulates drawing a bowstring so you can get an accurate measurement for your draw length.Tip: Put your nondominant thumb on the tape measure before checking the measurement so it doesn’t retract. Otherwise, you’ll have to measure again.\n3. Add 2 in (5.1 cm) to your measurement to find the arrow length. If your arrow is too short, it could jam your bow or cause the arrow to shoot improperly. Take the draw length measurement you just found and include an extra 2 inches (5.1 cm) to ensure that the arrows are long enough for your bow. For example, if your draw length measurement was 29 inches (74 cm), then the length of your arrow should be 31 inches (79 cm).\n4. Transfer your measurement onto the arrow shaft. Start your measuring tape at the back of the arrow shaft and extend the tape toward the front. When you reach the measurement you found, use a marker to draw a line or dot on the arrow shaft so you know where to cut. Rotate the arrow 180 degrees and make another mark in the same place to use as reference. Don’t include the arrow’s nock in the measurement since nock sizes vary between arrows. Start at the base of the arrow shaft instead.\n\n\n## Use a rotary cutter\n\n1. Clamp a rotary cutter horizontally over the edge of the table. A rotary cutter is a handheld multitool that spins quickly to cut through materials. Use a rotary cutter with a circular carbide blade so it can easily cut through the carbon arrows without deforming them. Lay the rotary cutter horizontally so the blade is vertical and hangs over the edge of your work surface. Use a C-clamp to secure the tool to your work surface so it doesn’t shift around while you’re using it. You can buy a rotary cutter from your local hardware store.Tip: Make sure you can easily access the power switch on the tool so you can turn it on and off when you need it.\n2. Position the hose of a shop vacuum behind the rotary blade. Cutting carbon arrows creates dust that can cause irritation if you breathe it in, so it’s easiest to vacuum it immediately to prevent it from spreading. Set the end of the hose on your work surface so it’s directly behind the rotary cutter’s blade. Connect the other end of the hose to the intake port on your vacuum. You can also use your regular vacuum if you don’t have a shop vacuum available.\n3. Put on safety glasses and a face mask before turning the machines on. Carbon dust can cause irritation if it gets in your eyes or lungs, so it’s important to stay protected while you work. Put on safety glasses that cover your eyes completely, and a face mask that guards your nose and mouth. Once you put on your safety equipment, you can start the rotary tool and the vacuum. Even though you have a vacuum capturing most of the dust, there still may be particles floating around.\n4. Cut the arrow along the mark you made. Once your rotary tool is spinning at full speed, carefully guide the arrow so the blade lines up with the marks you made earlier. Push the shaft gently against the blade so it cuts into the carbon. Continue pushing the arrow into the blade until it cuts completely through the other side. If the blade has difficulty cutting the arrow straight through, try rotating the arrow while you hold it against the blade to make it easier.\n\n\n## Cut shaft with an arrow saw\n\n1. Attach a shop vacuum hose to the port on the back of an arrow saw. Many arrow saws have a port on the back where you can attach a vacuum hose to collect dust. Push the end of a shop vacuum hose into the dust collection port on the arrow saw until it’s secured in place. Attach the other end of the hose to the intake port on your vacuum. You can buy arrow saws from hunting supply stores or you can order them online. Arrow saws usually cost around $130 USD. You can use your regular vacuum if you don’t have access to a shop vacuum.Tip: If your arrow saw doesn’t have a port for a vacuum hose, then set the hose as close to the blade as you can.\n2. Wear safety glasses and a face mask while you’re cutting arrows. Carbon arrows create carbon fiber dust when you cut them, which can be irritating if you inhale it or if it gets in your eyes. Wear safety glasses that cover your eyes completely and put on a face mask to protect your mouth and nose. Once you have the face mask and safety glasses on, you can turn on your machines.\n3. Position the arrow on the saw so the back sits inside of the notch on the support. Your arrow saw will have a support with a notch on it so your arrow doesn’t roll around while you’re cutting it. Set the back of the arrow in the notch and line up the front of the arrow so the mark you made on the shaft lines up with the saw blade. Your arrow saw may have multiple supports on it. If so, make sure the arrow sits in all of the notches to ensure you make a straight cut.\n4. Rotate the arrow while it’s against the saw blade to cut completely through it. Once your arrow saw is running at full speed, slowly push the arrow shaft into the blade. Once it starts cutting into the arrow, spin the arrow so the blade cuts around the circumference of the shaft. As soon as you around the circumference of the arrow, the end will fall off and you can turn off your saw. Your arrow saw may be powerful enough to cut through the shaft without rotating it.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to drive economically?", + "input": "", + "output": "Everyone needs to use a car from time to time, but gas can be expensive. Driving more economically can save you money and keep your car’s parts from wearing quickly. By avoiding aggressive driving, managing gears and electronics, and performing regular maintenance, you can drive more economically no matter where you’re going.\n\n## Avoid aggressive drive\n\n1. Brake in a controlled manner. Braking quickly makes your car lose any forward momentum you’ve built up while driving. By braking gently and gradually, you may find that a stop light changes to green during your gradual approach, and you don’t need to stop completely at all. This slow and steady approach saves you fuel.\n2. Accelerate smoothly. Taking off from a full stop and accelerating quickly requires your car move through progressive gears quickly. This uses a lot of gas. Accelerating slowly and more steadily will require less of your car and save you money.\n3. Minimize distractions. Whether you’re distracted by a phone call, music or your kids, distracted driving can cause you to brake abruptly and accelerate quickly. This burns lots of gas and is hard on your car. It can also make you more prone to a costly accident. Try to focus on the task at hand while driving and sideline loud music and phone interruptions. Distracted driving is more than just bad economics. It’s also dangerous. Take the safety of yourself and your passengers into account when you drive by giving the road your full attention.\n\n\n## Manage gear and electronics\n\n1. Use air conditioning wisely. At low speeds, using your air conditioning increases fuel consumption. Save your air conditioner for driving at higher speeds or roll your windows down to get a little air in a more economic way.\n2. Cut down on electronics. Your car’s electronics, such as the headlights and window defrosters, require energy to run just as your car does. Turn off electronics when you aren’t using them to drive more economically. If certain electronic elements come on automatically when you start your car, see if you can disable those settings.\n3. Use your gears effectively. Driving in a higher gear when appropriate can reduce fuel consumption and be more efficient for your car’s engine. To that end, avoid changing through every intermediate gear as you drive. Skipping gears keeps engine speed and fuel consumption low during acceleration. While this technique only applies to manual vehicles, it can save you gas money and help you drive more efficiently. Several online tutorials can teach you to do this safely if you’re new to the technique.\n\n\n## Perform routine maintenance\n\n1. Check your tire pressure regularly. Keeping your tires at the high end of the recommended tire-pressure range creates less resistance as you drive. This saves you fuel and money. You might also consider having your tire alignment checked to ensure your car is running straight and efficiently.\n2. Use the right specification of engine oil. Providing your car with the specific engine oil it requires can decrease engine friction. This will help your car function most efficiently, saving you fuel and money. You can find out what particular oil your car requires by reading the owner’s manual.\n3. Get your car serviced regularly. Take your car to a good local mechanic to have it examined. Getting your car serviced regularly keeps all of its parts in good working order. When all parts of your car are clean and working optimally, your car will perform its best.\n\n\n## Plan your trip\n\n1. Pack light. Bringing extra luggage or hauling large items requires more gas to get your car from place to place. Drive more economically by managing the load on your vehicle.\n2. Map your journey. Getting lost certainly won’t do anything for your fuel economy. Plan your trip ahead of time if you’re going somewhere unfamiliar. Bringing a phone with a mapping app or GPS can make your driving more efficient.\n3. Carpool when possible. Carpooling saves gas and shares the burden of driving. Organize a carpool with a friend to places you visit frequently, such as work or school, to cut down on costs. You’ll also save your car from more wear and tear.\n4. Combine errands. Rather than making lots of short trips, try to combine errands to save gas. This requires your car to start “cold” less frequently, which saves you fuel and money. It can be helpful to plan out the errands you have to do in a given week, so you can see what can be combined into one trip.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make rose centerpieces?", + "input": "", + "output": "Roses are a great addition to any table for any occasion. Instead of placing them into a vase, however, why not get more creative? Rose centerpieces are easy to make, and you can use silk roses or real ones. Topiaries are the most popular, but you can also create a simpler one by placing a rose into a tall vase and filling it to the top with water.\n\n## Make a silk rise topiary\n\n1. Hot glue a Styrofoam ball to the top of a glass or crystal candlestick. Cover the top of the candlestick with hot glue, then quickly press the Styrofoam ball into the glue. You can use any size Styrofoam ball you want, but something around 5 inches (12.7 centimeters) would be ideal. Keep the ball proportionate to the candle stick. The smaller the ball, the shorter the candle stick should be.\n2. Get a bouquet of mini silk roses and snip the flowers off. Leave a 2-inch (5.08-centimeter) long stem on each rose. If possible, use a pair of wire cutters to do this. Many silk flowers have wire inside the stem, which can ruin a good pair of scissors. If you cannot find wire cutters, use a pair of sturdy scissors you don't mind possibly ruining.\n3. Poke a rose into the top of a Styrofoam ball. If the rose is very loose, pull it out, add a drop of glue into the hole, then push the rose back in. You want the base of the rose touching the Styrofoam ball. You can use tacky glue or hot glue.\n4. Add more roses in a ring around the first one. Make sure that all of the roses are touching one another, including the one in the center. Once again, if any of the roses feel loose, secure them with a drop of hot glue.\n5. Continue adding roses in rings until you reach the bottom of the Styrofoam ball. When you are done, the entire ball should be covered in roses. Make sure that there are no gaps or bits of Styrofoam showing.\n6. Wrap a ribbon around the middle of the candlestick. Tie the ends of the ribbon into a large bow. For that final touch, snip the ends of the ribbon at an angle. A satin ribbon would work the best, but you can also use a sheer ribbon as well. It can match the color of your rose ball, or it can be an accent color instead, such as silver or gold.\n\n\n## Make a real rise topiary\n\n1. Soak a block of green floral foam in water overnight. This will help keep the roses stay fresher longer when you stick them into the foam. There are several different types of floral foam. Make sure that you get the kind meant for fresh flowers. You can find it in the floral section of an arts and crafts shop. Do not use regular white Styrofoam for this. You need the foam to be able to soak up water so that the roses stay fresh. Be careful when handling this type of foam. It is very soft when dry and easily dented.\n2. Put the foam block into a vessel. You can use a fancy bowl, planter, vase, or even a pedestal meant for pillar candles. It should sit below the rim of your bowl, planter, or vase. If the foam is too big, cut it down to the right size and shape. If you are setting the foam down onto a pedestal, cut it down to a rough dome or orb shape.\n3. Get an assortment of roses and put them into a bucket of water. You can use roses in all one color, or you can experiment using different colors. You can also get different shades of the same color for an ombre effect. Plan on using about 48 roses. If you plan on using multiple shades or colors, put them into separate buckets. This will make sorting through them easier. Consider using fragrant roses. This is a small detail that often gets overlooked but will add a nice touch.\n4. Cut about 3 inches (7.62 centimeters) off of each stem. Use a clean pair of garden shears and cut the stems at an angle. It would be a good idea to cut off the leaves and thorns as well. If your foam block is very small, you may want to cut the stems down to about 3 inches (7.63 centimeters).\n5. Poke the roses into the foam. Insert them close enough so that the blooms touch. Keep adding roses until the foam is no longer visible. You don't have to poke the roses all the way down into the foam. If you are sticking the roses into a bowl, planter, or vase, consider sticking them in as different depths to create a dome-like effect. If you are going for an ombre effect, start with your lightest color, then move on to the darkest. You can arrange it in stripes or rings.\n6. Add some finishing touches. At this point, your centerpiece is done. You can move it to the table, and leave it as is, or you can add some more touches to it. Here are some ideas:\n\t* Arrange short, votive candles around the centerpiece. Scatter glass gems or metallic confetti around the centerpiece. Tie a satin or sheer ribbon around the base of the vessel.\n\n\n## Make an underwater vase\n\n1. Get a tall, glass, cylindrical vase. You can also use a square vase instead. You will be placing the entire rose inside the vase and then filling the vase all the way with water. Try to get a vase that is at least 12 inches (30.48-centimeters) tall. This will make your centerpiece look more elegant. Consider wrapping a crystal trim around the base of the vase. You can find it in the sticker or scrapbooking section of an arts and crafts store.\n2. Trim a rose down until it is about 3 inches (7.62 centimeters) shorter than the vase. You will need the extra space inside the vase for the floating candle. If the rose is too tall, it will stick out of the water/vase and ruin the effect. You can trim off the leaves or leave them on. Cut real roses with clean garden shears. Cut silk roses with wire cutters. If you chose to leave the leaves on a real rose, rinse them off under cool water. This will get rid of any dust that might muddy up the water.\n3. Insert the rose into a frog pin. A frog pin is a coin-sized metal disk with pins sticking out of it, like a hairbrush. You can find them in the floral section of an arts and crafts store. Try to wedge the rose's stem between the pins rather than straight into them. Consider adding a few more shorter roses into the pin. A frog pin is not absolutely necessary, but it will help keep the rose secure. If you cannot find a frog pin, you will have to add more vase filler later on.\n4. Place the rose into the bottom of the vase. For an added effect, consider turning on a submersible LED light, and adding it into the bottom of the vase as well. Make sure that the LED light is meant for being used in underwater floral arrangements. You can find them in the floral department of an arts and crafts shop.\n5. Fill the bottom of the vase filler. Scoop the filler out of the bag with your hands, then carefully spread it across the bottom of the vase. This will prevent the filler from damaging the rose's petals. Keep filling the vase until the frog pin is covered. You can use tiny acrylic pellets or crystals, of glass gems or marbles. If you weren't able to find a frog pin, fill the bottom of the vase with 2 to 3 inches (5.08 to 7.62 centimeters) of vase filler, or until the rose stands up on its own.\n6. Fill the vase with cool water. Stop when you are about 1 inch (2.54 centimeters) away from the rim of the vase. The entire rose, including the bloom, should be submerged under water.\n7. Place a floating candle on top. Make sure that the bottom of the candle does not bump up against the rose. If it does, add more water or trim the rose down. You can use a regular round candle or a rose-shaped one.\n8. Place the vase on your table. Consider scattering acrylic gems or metallic confetti around the vase. You can also make a few more vases that are taller or shorter than the one you just made.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to extract oil from a coconut?", + "input": "", + "output": "Coconut oil is great for cooking and many other uses. Making it at home can be time consuming and tricky, but you can do it with a bit of dedication! Start by removing the meat of the coconut from its shell. Then, use a blender to combine the meat with water and make coconut milk. From that, you can refine the oil using heat or a cold-press method.\n\n## Remove the meat from the shell\n\n1. Pierce the softest eye with a metal skewer. Poke at each of the coconut's 3 eyes. You should find one that's softer. When you do, push the skewer through the eye, making a hole through it. The eyes are the small dark circles that are clustered together on the top of the coconut. You can also use a wooden skewer, but it could break. You could also try an ice pick or even just a sharp knife.\n2. Pour the coconut water into a container. Turn the hole over a container and shake out the water. It may take a moment or two to get it all out; you should end up with 0.25 to 0.75 cups (59 to 177 mL) of coconut water from each coconut. If you need to, make the hole bigger. Coconut water is good for drinking, and you won't really need it for the oil.\n3. Whack the coconut with a hammer or meat tenderizer until it breaks. Grab the coconut with a towel and turn it so the shell is exposed. Tap the coconut with the tool, turning it as you do. The shell will eventually crack. Keep tapping to expand the crack around the coconut. You can also use anything else heavy you have laying around, such as a small cast iron skillet or even a pestle. If you're using a skillet, set the coconut on a cutting board or another hard surface to crack it. You can also hit it on a hard surface.\n4. Break the shell off the coconut by cracking it in pieces. Once the shell has cracked in the middle all the way around, the coconut should break in half. Place one half face-down on a cutting board, then whack the shell with the hammer or meat tenderizer. Just hitting it a few times should make the flesh loose enough to pull out. Another option is to keep hitting it on a hard surface until the shell cracks off. Keep turning the shell to hit a new spot each time.\n5. Remove the flesh and rinse the coconut. Use a butter knife to lever out the coconut flesh. Wash the coconut pieces under running water to remove any debris from the flesh. Some people prefer to peel off the thin, brown skin, though it's not necessary. If you'd like to, use a vegetable peeler to take it off and rinse the pieces again.\n\n\n## Use a blender to make coconut milk\n\n1. Chop the coconut meat into smaller pieces. Your blender will do most of the work for you, but your coconut meat needs to be in small enough bits for your blender to get to it. Try 1 inch (2.5 cm) cubes or smaller. You can use as many or as few coconuts as you want. Keep in mind that it takes quite a few coconuts to make a small amount of oil and different methods will produce different amounts of oil. For instance, 3-4 coconuts will likely only produce 0.25 cups (59 mL) of coconut oil.\n2. Add the coconut pieces to a blender and pour in water. You may need to blend your coconut in batches if you're processing a lot of coconuts at once. Only fill the blender about 1/3 of the way with coconut. Pour in enough hot water to completely cover the coconut with an extra 1 inch (2.5 cm) or so of water on top. Boil some water and then mix it with cool water so it's hot but not so hot that you can't touch it. Some people use cold water for extraction. However, you won't get as much oil from the coconut with cold water.\n3. Pulse and blend the mixture until smooth. Place the lid on the blender. Push the \"Pulse\" button 3-4 times and then set it on high. Keep blending until it looks like it's a smooth, homogeneous mixture. This process produces coconut milk.\n4. Strain the mixture through a sieve. Pour the coconut milk through a fine mesh sieve. As the mixture drains, use your hands to squeeze the pulp or chaff left behind to make sure you're getting all the milk out of it. You may need to sieve it more than once to get all the chaff out. You can also use a nut milk bag, which is specifically made for making nut milks. It's made of fine cloth, and you can squeeze the whole bag to release the milk. Alternatively, you can just use a piece of cheesecloth or muslin over a sieve, then pick up the chaff and cloth together to squeeze it out.\n5. Repeat the grinding process a second time to get all of the milk out. Put the chaff back in the blender with more water. Grind it again until it's smooth, and then pour it through the sieve. This will help release the rest of the coconut milk. You can use the pulp or chaff in other dishes that call for coconut flakes.\n6. Place the milk in the refrigerator so the cream can rise to the top. Leave the coconut milk in the refrigerator for at least 2-3 hours. When it's ready, you'll see the coconut cream on the top in a hard crust.\n7. Skim the coconut cream from the top of the container. Use a knife to gently slice through the coconut cream on top and run the knife around the edges. Pull the pieces of coconut cream off the top of the milk, doing your best to leave the rest of the milk behind. You can cook rice or other foods in the liquid left behind, which will add more flavor to the food.\n\n\n## Cook the mixture to separate the oil from the water\n\n1. Put the coconut cream in a pot over low heat. Don't let the mixture smoke, as you could burn the oil. Pick a stainless steel pot or something similar. Avoid using non-stick pans for this process.\n2. Cook the coconut milk for at least an hour, stirring every 5-10 minutes. You will see the oil start to separate from the solids, which will be white at first. Over time, the water will boil off and the solids will start to turn brown. Once the solids are dark brown and the oil is completely separated, you're done with the cooking process. Stir the mixture occasionally.\n3. Pour the mixture through cheesecloth, muslin, or a fine-mesh sieve. The sieve will remove the dark brown bits from the oil. Once the oil is clear, pour it into a container of your choice. Let it cool, then store it in the refrigerator or in your cupboard and use it in your favorite dishes. Put it in a container that you can spoon it out from easily, as it will likely solidify.\n\n\n## Make cold-pressed oil\n\n1. Put the coconut cream in a jar and keep it warm overnight. Add hot water bottles to the sides for warmth. You can place it in a cooler or put blankets over it to help keep it warm. This will begin the separation process, removing the water from the oil.\n2. Place the jar in the refrigerator the next day to separate the cream. Check on it after a few hours. The cream will form a hard layer on top if it's separated. If it has, pull it from the refrigerator. Use a knife or spoon to scoop the hard part into a new jar. You can discard the water or use it for cooking.\n3. Keep the mixture warm overnight again and then strain it. Place it back in the insulated area with hot water bottles. Once again, the curd will separate from the liquid below. In the morning, pull the jar out. Strain the mixture through cheesecloth and a metal strainer into a new jar. Don't squeeze the curd during this process. Let it drip out.\n4. Refrigerate and separate the oil one more time. Leave the mixture in the refrigerator for at least a couple of hours. When it looks separated, pull the jar out. The hard part on top will be the oil. Use a knife or spoon to pull it out into a new jar, and you're finished with the oil. It's best to refrigerate this kind of oil, as it's hard to get all of the water out. Water can spoil the oil.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to pay property taxes online?", + "input": "", + "output": "If you own real property (a home or land) in the United States, you are responsible for paying state property taxes each year. While these taxes are assessed through the county where the property is located, most counties in each state allow property owners to pay their taxes online. The specific information you need to pay your property taxes online depends on where your property is located.\n\n## Calculate your payments\n\n1. Look on your tax bill. You should receive an annual property tax statement in the mail that provides information about the amount of tax you owe each year. This statement also has other information, such as a property identification number or PIN, that may be necessary for you to pay your taxes online. Your tax bill may not include any delinquent taxes, or any other tax assessments, such as supplemental taxes. Those typically are sent separately.\n2. Check online if you haven't received a bill. Just because you don't receive a bill doesn't mean you don't owe property taxes. In most states and counties, you can find out how much tax you owe by going to your state or county's property tax website. The amount of tax online typically will be more up to date than what's on your bill, so even if you have your bill handy you may want to check online. If there's a discrepancy, go by the amount online rather than the amount on your bill. Unfortunately, you may need a PIN or identification number located on the bill to access your tax amount online.\n3. Call the tax assessor's office if you need more information. If you haven't received a bill and can't find the amount you owe on the website, you can always call the tax assessor's office and ask. The clerk should be able to give you the total amount of property tax you owe, as well as any other information you need, such as a PIN, so you can pay your taxes online.\n4. Confirm the types of property tax you owe. Some states or counties may have different types of property taxes that you'll have to pay. You may have to check for different types separately. For example, in California you may have secured and unsecured property taxes. Unsecured property taxes are taxes on watercraft, airplanes, or temporary fixtures that are not connected to real property. These may be listed separately, or included on separate websites. Depending on where you live, certain types of property taxes may not be included in the online information. For example, the property tax website for Cook County, Illinois, does not include amounts for back taxes, air pollution taxes, and some other types of property taxes.\n5. Confirm due dates for taxes owed. On the tax assessor's website, you'll find information about the dates property taxes are due each year. If you have any delinquent taxes, they typically are considered due immediately. If you pay your taxes on or before the due dates you'll avoid penalties, interest, and other fees. Plan ahead, especially if you won't be able to pay the total amount all at once.\n6. Determine how much of your taxes you can pay. Particularly if you have delinquent taxes, you may not be able to pay all of your taxes at once. Access the website well before the due date, if possible, so you can budget for your payments accordingly.\n7. Check to see if your mortgage company is paying your property taxes. If you have a mortgage on your property, your monthly mortgage payment may include an escrow amount that goes to pay your property taxes. When property taxes are due, your mortgage company will withdraw the money from the escrow account and pay them on your behalf. You typically still will get a bill or property tax statement, even though you don't owe anything. Check with your mortgage company if you're not sure so you don't end up paying twice.\n\n\n## Make your payments\n\n1. Visit your county or state's property tax website. Property taxes are assessed by county governments. The easiest way to find your county's property tax website is to check on your state's website for a link. Your state will have a .gov web address, so you can be assured that the link you find from the state website is the legitimate website for your county. This way you can make sure you keep all your information secure.\n2. Enter information for your property. The information you need to enter to access your account and pay your taxes online differs among states and counties. Typically you'll have a PIN or property identification number that you must enter to correctly find your property. A street address typically isn't enough, because property may be assessed using parcel numbers or some other system of organization.\n3. Do a search for your property. Some property tax assessors may allow you to look up the property identification number you need on the website itself. Others may require you to call the county tax assessor's office to get the information you need. If you don't have the information you need, look for a link that will allow you to search for your property. When you click on the link to pay your taxes, there should be a link close to the space where you would enter the information that you can follow to get the information you need.\n4. Review acceptable methods of payment. Depending on the county, different methods of payment are accepted if you want to pay your property taxes online. Some methods of payment may come with an additional fee. If you pay using an electronic check, you typically won't have to pay a fee. Using a debit or credit card may incur a fee ranging from a few dollars to 2 or 3 percent of the amount of your payment.\n5. Make your payment. Once you've entered the information you need and chosen your method of payment, simply enter the amount of money you want to pay along with your payment information to pay your property taxes online.\n6. Print your confirmation. Once you've submitted your payment, you'll typically get a confirmation screen that will include a unique confirmation number and an option to print the page for your records. You may also get a confirmation through email. If you get an email confirmation you don't necessarily have to print a paper copy, just make sure to save the email.\n\n\n## Use other online resources\n\n1. Create a portfolio. If you own several parcels of property in the same state or county, you may be able to create a portfolio of properties on your state or county's property tax website. The portfolio allows you to manage all of your property taxes in one place. Look for a link on the property tax page that will allow you to create a portfolio, and follow the instructions. If you don't see a link, look for a FAQ page and see if anything is listed about how to link multiple properties.\n2. Set up recurring payments. Some states and counties allow you to enter payment information once and schedule payments, which are automatically deducted from your bank account or credit card. If you have the option to schedule payments, this can be helpful with budgeting. You can schedule a partial payment each month so you don't have to pay the whole thing all at once. Mark your payment dates on your calendar or set a reminder on your phone so you don't forget that the payment is coming out.\n3. Subscribe to email notifications. Some counties provide email notifications that will alert you before the due date for property taxes, or when there have been changes to your account. If you weren't able to set up recurring payments, these notifications can help you ensure you don't miss a due date and incur additional penalties and fees. If you subscribe to email notifications, you may want to add the email address to your contacts list or preferred addresses list. This will ensure you actually receive the notifications and they don't fall into your spam folder.\n4. Apply for a payment plan. Most counties allow you to set up a payment plan if you have delinquent property taxes. You typically have to fill out an application, and may be subject to a credit check. Some counties also allow payment plans even if your taxes are current, if you anticipate you won't be able to pay the amount in full by the due date. If this option is available to you, it can save you in potential late fees and penalties. A payment plan typically requires the payments to be automatically debited from your bank account.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to polish silver rings?", + "input": "", + "output": "Silver tarnishes as it’s exposed to air and light. Fortunately, restoring your silver to its original gleam can be done fairly easily. Whether you use a combination of baking soda and vinegar, salt and lemon juice, beer, aluminum foil and baking soda, silver polish, or toothpaste to get the job done, you’ll have your silver looking brand new in no time! Plus, each method is effective for rings with diamonds, gems, or other precious stones in them.\n\n## Cleaning rings with baking soda and vinegar\n\n1. Mix ⁄2 cup (120 mL) of vinegar and 2 tbsp (28.3 g) of baking soda. Pour the 2 ingredients in a small plastic container. Then, stir the mixture 4-5 times with a spoon. You will start to see a bubbling reaction. You can use a metal or glass container if you’d like.\n2. Submerge your rings in the solution for 2-3 hours. Ensure the rings are completely submerged the entire time. Otherwise, you’ll have an uneven clean. Check the rings every 30 minutes to see that they’re completely soaked in the solution. Take them out of the mixture after 2 hours to keep tabs on their progress. If the rings don’t look clean after 2 hours, stick them back in the solution and wait 1 more hour.\n3. Scrub the rings with a toothbrush. Remove the rings from the baking soda and vinegar solution after a few hours. Use a toothbrush to scrub and polish the rings, paying special attention to particularly tarnished areas.Tip: Dedicate a new, soft-bristled toothbrush to cleaning your rings and be sure to rinse it thoroughly once you're done.\n4. Rinse the rings under cold water to remove residue. Turn on your faucet and let the water get cold. Then, place the ring under the water stream and rinse it for 15-20 seconds to remove the vinegar and baking soda residue.\n5. Dry the rings with a soft, clean cloth. Use a new, lint-free piece of cloth to remove any remaining residue and buff the rings. Make sure to flip the cloth over and use both sides to clean the rings. Otherwise, some of the residue could rub back onto the rings and you’ll have to start over. Do not use a paper towel to clean the rings, as this could scratch the silver.Did you know? The baking soda and vinegar create a chemical reaction which sucks up the tarnish and removes it from the rings.\n\n\n## Soaking your rings in beer\n\n1. Pour a fresh beer into a glass or bowl. Use a regular, unopened beer to clean light tarnish off of your rings. Open the beer and transfer it into a glass or bowl.You only need enough beer to cover your rings, so you may not need to use the entire can or bottle.\n2. Soak your rings for 10-15 minutes. Place your rings into the glass or bowl, then set a timer for 10-15 minutes. Allow your rings to soak so that the beer has time to remove the tarnish.Leaving your rings in the beer for longer than 15 minutes won't harm them, but it's not necessary.\n3. Rinse your rings with warm water. Hold the rings under a stream of running water to rinse off the beer. Make sure you rinse the rings thoroughly to remove all of the beer.Be careful not to drop the rings. It may be a good idea to close the drain in the sink just in case.\n4. Dry your rings using a soft cloth. First, soak up any excess water. Then, use the cloth to lightly buff the rings to remove any remaining tarnish. Your rings should look shiny and clean!\n\n\n## Using lemon juice and salt\n\n1. Add 1.5 cups (350 mL) of warm water to a bowl. Use a measuring cup to pour the correct amount of water into a bowl. Use warm water so that the salt will more easily dissolve.Don't use hot water because you don't want to accidentally burn yourself.\n2. Stir 1 tbsp (17 g) of salt and 1 US tbsp (15 mL) of lemon juice into the water. Measure out the correct amount of salt and lemon juice. Add them to your warm water, then stir the ingredients together with a spoon until the salt dissolves.It should only take a couple of minutes to mix the ingredients.\n3. Add .5 cups (34 grams) of dry milk to the mixture. Measure out the dry milk, then slowly pour it into the bowl. Stir the mixture with a spoon until the dry milk completely dissolves in the water. Once the water is an opaque, milky white, your solution is ready to use.You can try doing this method without the milk. If you don't want to use dry milk, triple the amount of salt and lemon juice you use. Add 3 tbsp (51 g) of salt and 3 US tbsp (44 mL) of lemon juice.\n4. Place your rings in the solution and soak for 6-8 hours. Slowly drop your rings into your homemade cleaning solution. Then, leave them to sit for at least 6-8 hours. This gives the solution time to work.You can leave them to soak overnight for an easy option. Otherwise, set a timer so you can check on them in 6-8 hours.\n5. Remove your rings and rinse them in warm water. Use a fork or slotted spoon to retrieve your rings from the cleaning solution. Then, hold your rings under warm running water. Rinse your rings until all of the cleaning solution is removed.Be careful that you don't accidentally drop your rings in the sink. It's best to close the drain just in case.\n6. Dry your rings with a soft cloth. Pat your rings dry to remove any excess moisture. Then, use your cloth to buff the rings, which should remove any remaining tarnish. Your rings should look shiny and tarnish-free!\n\n\n## Polishing rings with aluminum foil\n\n1. Place aluminum foil along the bottom and sides of a bowl. You can use a plastic, glass, or metal bowl or dish for this process. Rip off a sheet of aluminum foil and use it to cover the entire inside of the bowl. To ensure the aluminum foil fits securely, wrap it around the edges of the bowl and press down firmly to lock it in place.\n2. Fill a pot with water and bring it to a boil. Use enough water to fill the dish that’s covered in aluminum foil. Place the pot on the stove and turn the burner to high. Keep the pot on the stove until the water comes to a roaring boil. The aluminum foil dish doesn’t need to be that big to fit a couple of rings, so you won't need a lot of water. As a result, it should come to a boil within a few minutes.\n3. Add 1 tbsp (14.3 g) of baking soda per 1 cup (240 mL) of water. If you’re working with an 8 oz (230 g) container, you’ll only need 1 cup (240 mL) of water and therefore only 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of baking soda. Pour the baking soda into the water and stir the mixture for about 5 minutes. The solution will froth and bubble a little bit.\n4. Put the rings in the dish so that they’re touching the aluminum foil. Set the rings at the bottom of the dish. Depending on how many rings you’re trying to clean, some of the rings might touch up against the side of the dish. This is why it’s important to have the sides of the dish covered in aluminum foil as well. Let the rings sit on top of the aluminum foil for 5 minutes. In order for the chemical reaction to occur, the rings need to be touching the aluminum foil at all times.\n5. Pour the solution into the dish to soak the rings. Remove the mixture from the stove and slowly pour it into the dish. Wear oven mitts and pour carefully. Let the rings sit in the solution for 10 minutes. Depending on the level of tarnish, the job might be done in 2 minutes. Check your rings every few minutes to see how much of the tarnish has worn off. Once the rings look shiny and polished, you can remove them from the solution with tongs.\n6. Allow the rings to dry on a towel for 15 minutes. Take the rings out of the solution and put them on a kitchen towel. You can finish drying the rings off by wiping them with a clean, white cloth. This process works for anything that’s made of silver.Did you know? The aluminum foil works with the solution of water and baking soda to reverse the chemical reaction that made the silver tarnish in the first place.\n\n\n## Using silver polish to clean your rings\n\n1. Put a small amount of polish on a clean cloth. You get can silver polish at your local hardware store or buy a bottle online. Squeeze out a dab of polish and rub it into the cloth. You can dampen the cloth if you’d like. You can get a bottle of silver polish for under $10.\n2. Rub the polish in an up-and-down motion. Don’t rub the polish in a circular motion. If you do this, you’ll highlight the scratches in the rings. Place your fingers in the cloth and gently rub the polish over each part of your rings. The polish will eliminate the tarnish and make your silver rings shine.Tip: Use a clean cloth for each ring and flip the cloth over when you see tarnish on the fabric to avoid transferring it back to the silver.\n3. Rinse the rings and dry them with a cloth. Run the faucet for 2 minutes so that the water becomes warm. Once the water heats up, place the rings underneath the faucet to remove any excess polish. Then, buff the rings with a new, dry cloth to get the shine you’re looking for. Clean the rings with an unused cloth to avoid putting the tarnish or polish back on the rings.\n\n\n## Utilizing non-gel toothpaste to clean your rings\n\n1. Apply toothpaste to your silver rings. Put a dollop of toothpaste directly on the silver. Apply the same amount of toothpaste you would use to brush your teeth. It doesn’t matter where on the ring you put the toothpaste because you’ll be spreading it evenly with your toothbrush.Warning: Do not use toothpaste with gel to clean your rings. The gel will not clean the rings effectively.\n2. Wet a toothbrush lightly and brush the rings, then wipe off the toothpaste. Add a few drops of water to your toothbrush and vigorously scrub the toothpaste into the rings. Get in all the tough to reach spots, such as any engravings. The toothpaste will eliminate the tarnish and make your silver look good as new. Use a new, clean, soft-bristled toothbrush for this job. Wipe off any excess toothpaste with a dry cloth.Tip: If your rings have a ton of tarnish on them, let them sit for about 1-2 minutes before finishing the job.\n3. Rinse the remaining toothpaste off with cold water and dry your rings. Turn on your faucet and place each ring under the running water for about 30 seconds. Be sure to remove all the toothpaste and tarnish residue\n\t* Pat the rings dry with a cloth when you’re done.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to prevent your teen from joining a gang?", + "input": "", + "output": "Gangs can be a very bad influence on a teen. Teens often want to join a gang because of certain issues such as racism, poverty, loneliness, and media influences. You can prevent your teen from joining a gang by education about the appeal of gangs for teens, talking and listening to your teen, and getting involved in your own community.\n\n## Educate yourself\n\n1. Learn the appeal of gangs. There are many reasons why a teen might join a gang. Learning the potential draw of gangs for teens can help you identify if your teen is at risk. Teens might seek out gangs for a feeling of belonging. If your teen feels like an outsider for any reason, he or she may seek out a gang for a sense of community. Peer pressure is also a major factor in teens joining gangs. If your teen has friends who are in a gang or associated with one, your teen may consider joining as well. Teens also don't always realize the danger of gangs. The idea of being part of a gang might be exciting, especially if your teen has been exposed to video games and other media that glorifies gang violence. If your teen has an underlying mental illness, such as a personality disorder, he or she might seek thrills through joining a gang.\n2. Investigate gang activity in your area. Location is a big risk factor when it comes to your teen joining a gang. Be aware of any gang activity in your area so you know what your teen might be exposed to at school or in the community. You can research gang activity in your area by browsing police reports and police data online. Most areas have a police blotter website where you can enter your zip code and see of any recent arrests or disturbances in your area. Talk to officials at your teen's school. Principals and superintendents should be aware if there is any gang activity occurring in their jurisdiction. Make an appointment with an official at the school and ask him or her about gang activity. Many people feel certain locations make them immune to gangs. If you live in the suburbs, for example, you might think your teen is immune to gang violence. However, in a lot of big cities gangs eventually move into the suburbs. In the Chicago suburb Evanston, for example, gang activity has been on the rise in the last few years. Be vigilant about potential gang activity regardless of your location.\n3. Familiarize yourself with the warning signs your teen is involved with a gang. Make sure you know the warnings signs regarding gang activity in teens. You should be concerned if your teen is displaying any of the following signs:\n\t* Wearing a certain color or color scheme suddenly\n\t* An increased interest in gangs, gangster music, and gangster movies\n\t* Bragging about having friends in gangs\n\t* Coming home with expensive items\n\t* Using hand gestures and signs to communicate with friends\n\t* Aggressive or withdrawn behavior\n\n\n## Work with your teen\n\n1. Talk to your teen about gangs. Education is key to keeping your teen from joining a gang. Take time to sit down and talk to your teen about the dangers of gangs. Be as frank as possible when discussing gangs with your teens. Explain that, short term, gang activity can lead to trouble with police, trouble with school, and poor relationships with family members. Longterm, make sure your teen knows gang activity can prevent them having access to education and employment options, time in jail, and a risk to their personal safety and the personal safety of their family and friends. Listen as well. Your teen may be compelled to argue or even disregard what you're saying. Try to understand why your teen is resisting. Is he or she being intimidated by a gang? Is a person your teen looks up to in a gang? Understanding the reasons gang membership is appealing to teens can help you better address the problem.\n2. Keep your teen engaged in other activities. Teens often join gangs for a sense of community or for some excitement. Keeping your teen as engaged in other activities as possible can lessen the draw of gangs. Encourage your teen to engage in activities that appeal to his or her interest. Is your teen always sketching or drawing? Enroll him or her in art classes. Is your teen athletic? Encourage him or her to join a school sports team. Is your teen interested in music? Invest in a piano, guitar, or other musical instrument. Push your teen to find an after school job. While some teens might resist the notion of working, emphasize how building a work ethic can help later on. Talk about what your teen could do with all the extra spending money. Allow your teen to have friends over at your house. You want your teen to feel most comfortable at home, where it's safe. This also gives you an opportunity to get to know your teen and his or her peers. You can encourage wholesome activities, like board games and age appropriate movies, over the kinds of activities that might land your teen in trouble.\n3. Learn how to best communicate with a teen. Communicating with teenager can be difficult. Most teens feel an increased need for autonomy and independence, which means they may pull away and rebel against you. However, learning the means to effectively communicate with a teen can help. Always listen without judgment. If your teen is willing to share something with you, let him or her. Try to stay calm and listen, even if your concerned by what your teen is saying. Remember, as a parent you're better off hearing bad news than not hearing it. Being reactionary and harsh can discourage your teen from reaching out when in need. Respect your teen's sense of privacy and autonomy. Unless you suspect a serious problem, allow your teen his or her own space. Let them have a bedroom to themselves. Do not always ask who your teen is calling or texting on the phone. Do not touch your teen's belonging without permission. Schedule times to talk. You do not need to schedule a weekly conversation, but having a family dinner night or board game night gives your teen the opportunity to share. Strive to keep communication open and keep yourself available when your teen is in need.\n4. Identify positive role models for your teen. Teens often join gangs because they feel lost. Lacking positive role models, a teen might turn to the allure of a gang. Identify positive roll models for your teen. Get your teen involved in the community. Encourage him or her to volunteer. Take him or her to church, town hall meetings, and other places and meetings you attend. Teach your teen about people you admire. This can be someone you know personally, like your great-grandmother who supported her family during the Great Depression. It can also be a public figure, like a politician or activist. Showing your teen what you believe admirable qualities constitute can lessen the appeal of gang members.\n\n\n## Improve your community\n\n1. Remove gang related graffiti. Graffiti is often a way for gangs to advertise and recruit new members. If you notice new or unusual graffiti in your area, google the images to see if they're gang affiliated. If they are, talk to the local police about having them removed as soon as possible. Depending on regulations in your area, you may be able to remove the images yourself or schedule a community cleanup. Stop by the local courthouse and ask what your options are in terms of arranging a cleanup.\n2. Team up with other parents. The phrase \"It takes a village to raise a child\" exists for a reason. You cannot do this alone. Work with other parents to build a stronger community and to keep out gangs. Schedule a meeting with other parents in town to discuss gang activity in your area. Brainstorm ideas about how to keep your teens out of gangs. Working together, you and other parents can create regular community events and activities for teens to engage in in order to discourage them from joining gangs. You can also go, as a group, to a PTA to raise any concerns you have about gang activity in the school system. Look into starting a neighborhood watch to keep on the lookout for gang activity.\n3. Take political action. In order to address gang activity, political action may be necessary. Increasing law enforcement presence in your are and providing community outreach to at-risk teens may be needed in your area. Start letter writing and phone campaigns to local members of Congress. Explain why your area needs help addressing gang violence and gang activity. Demand community outreach in your area. Raise awareness. Buy an ad on the local radio. Hand out pamphlets at community centers, schools, churches, grocery stores, and other areas. A single call to local police about gang activity has little effect. A collective group effort is necessary to stomping out gang activity in your area. Make sure other parents on board with talking to the police together.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to change a chain on a mountain bike?", + "input": "", + "output": "No matter how cheap or expensive your bicycle is, there will come a day when you need to fix or replace its chain. The structure of a mountain bike may be more complex than the structure of a regular bike, but the chain changing process is similar. With the right tools and a little bit of patience, you'll have a new chain on your bike in no time.\n\n## Remove the chain\n\n1. Secure your bike. It's unlikely that your kickstand will be sufficient for you to get a good look at your bike without it falling over. A bike rack that has hooks from which you can hang your bike works very well, but you can also turn your bike upside down so it rests on the seat and handlebars. Inspecting your chain with your bike's wheels facing upwards will make it more comfortable for you to inspect and work on. If you don't have a rack, simply lean your bike upright against a wall.\n2. Take a picture of the chain. To make the reinstallation process easier, take a picture of the chain so you can refer to it later. Make sure your picture shows how the chain feeds through the gear mechanism.\n3. Check for a master link. A master link is a special link in your bike chain that has a pin/slot configuration that will allow you to easily remove your chain from the bike. Two popular kinds of master links are Connex and SRAM Powerlink. Knowing where your master link is ahead of time will make chain replacement go smoother. The master link for a bike is specific to the chain size and brand. If your bike does not have a master link, you can install one yourself or have it done at your local bike shop. This installation is usually inexpensive, costing about $15 in most cases. If your bike does not have a master link and you prefer not to have one installed, order a chain-tool to remove the chain. They're inexpensive and essential pieces of equipment.\n4. Position your chain. This is especially important if you have a master link. Removing a master link that's positioned on the teeth of the chain ring or a gear can be very difficult. Positioning the master link so it is suspended at the midpoint between the crankset and the rear wheel will be easiest. If you are using a chain tool, you can still benefit from proper chain positioning. Some parts of your chain will be dirtier or have more wear than others. A clear segment of chain positioned at the midpoint between the wheels will be easiest to remove with your chain tool.\n5. Remove the chain. Now that the chain is in position, you can remove it. If you have a master link, use master-link pliers or your hands to squeeze both ends of the master link inwards so the pin comes out of its slot and the link comes apart, freeing your chain. If you're using a chain tool:\n\t* Set the chain tool on the link you are trying to remove so it aligns with one of the round holes to either side of the link. Screw the chain tool so it moves through the hole. This will push out the pin that is keeping that link together. Try not to push the pin completely free of the link. This will make it difficult, or in some cases impossible, to reassemble that link of the chain. You'll often feel a popping or snapping when the pin pushes free of the link. This is a good indicator that the link has been disengaged. Some chain tools are only intended for certain sized links, though some can be used on several different sizes of chain. Check the instructions on your chain tool before using it.\n\n\n## Attach your new chain\n\n1. Avoid using failed chains as replacements. Chains generally fail because they have reached their limit or been put under too much stress. Replacing a failed chain on your bike could result in an even more severe failure down the road. To prevent injury to yourself or your mountain bike, you should buy a new chain instead of reusing old ones. Bike chains can be bought at your local bike shop or, in some cases, your local hardware store.\n2. Measure your replacement chain. It's important that you only use the kind of chain intended for your bike. For example, an 11-speed bike will use an 11-speed chain. Hang your old bike chain so it dangles freely and do the same with your new chain beside the old one. Count the number of links if your new chain is longer than the old. This will be the number of links you need to remove. If your chain has snapped and it is unreliable to measure your new chain, you can remove links after feeding the chain into the drivetrain of your bike.\n3. Insert your chain into the gear mechanism. For more complex mountain bike, you may need to consult the picture you took of how the old chain feeds through the gear mechanism to do this properly. Simple mechanisms may be more intuitive. Pull the chain through the entire drivetrain until both ends terminate at the bottom midpoint between your wheels. Positioning the ends of your chain at the bottom midpoint between the wheels of your bike will make it more accessible and allow gravity to keep the chain on the bike until you can secure it.\n4. Remove extra links from the chain, if necessary. If your chain is loose, you'll need to remove some links. This is likely the case if you were not able to measure your chain. Shift your bike to its lowest gear, and then use your chain tool to remove links one at a time to shorten the chain until it is taut in the drivetrain. When removing extra links, avoid popping the pin holding them together completely free of the link. This will make it difficult to reattach the link if you shorten it too much. For the best ride, you'll need the chain to be strung tautly between the wheels in its lowest gear.\n5. Attach the loose ends of your chain. With a master link, all you need to do is slip the pin of the link into its slot to complete the link. If you removed your chain with a chain tool, you'll have to re-couple the split link by lining up its halves together and using a pair of pliers to force the pin back through the hole to complete the link. You should feel a click or a pop when the pin of a master link slides into place. You can also pull on the chain to either side of the link to securely seat the pin of the master link in place.\n6. Test your chain. Reposition your bike back on its rack and move the pedals manually with your hands to run the chain through the drivetrain of your bicycle. The chain should move smoothly. If you notice stiff links, these are often caused by a protruding link pin, and can be fixed by resetting the pin with your chain tool and pliers. Cycle the suspension by sitting on the saddle and bouncing up and down a few times to test your chain length. To protect your chain from the elements and to help it run smoothly in your drive train, you should lubricate your chain with a suitable bicycle chain lubricant.\n\n\n## Inspect your chain for wear\n\n1. Use a chain wear indicator to evaluate your chain for best results. You can find a chain wear indicator at your local bike shop or maybe even at a hardware store. You'll have to attach the indicator between the links of your chain and follow the directions on it to interpret its reading. Most chain wear indicators will have a sticker that establishes the values for a worn chain and an unworn chain. If your wear indicator does not, check the box it came in for these values. If you do not have a wear indicator, you can perform a hand check of the chain. Use moderate pressure to lift a section of your chain from the chainring of your bike with your fingers. A small gap should form between the chain and the ring. If you can clearly see through the gap over three or four teeth, your chain is worn.\n2. Try to join the ends of your chain to test for wear as a simpler alternative. If inspecting your chain with a wear indicator or a physical gap check aren't an option, or if your chain is already off the bike, you can also check for wear by trying to touch the ends of the bike chain. Lay your chain on a clean surface so that the holes in the chain are oriented up and down. Then:\n\t* Try to touch the ends of the chain together while keeping the holes facing up and down. Over time, chains are bent by the action of your bikes derailleur. Note the amount of sideways flex in your chain. A worn chain will have a great deal flexion. Newer chains resist touching and only arc slightly.\n3. Familiarize yourself with the drivetrain. The drivetrain of your bike is the part that transfers the energy you put into the pedals through the chain to your gears to move the wheels. You'll want to pay extra close attention to how the chain feeds into the gears. Knowing how the chain fits in the mechanism will allow you to replace it with greater ease.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to fuel a race car?", + "input": "", + "output": "Most race cars do not carry enough fuel to complete a race from start to finish. They must return to the pit area for more fuel, which is commonly called a pit stop. During the pit stop, pit crew members quickly put new tires on the car while fueling to the car to finish the race. Use these tips to learn how to fuel a race car.\n\n## Check the car refuel port\n\n1. Check the operation of the door on the refueling port before the car leaves the pit to enter the race. Make sure that the refueling door opens smoothly and closes firmly.\n2. Make sure that the fuel feed pipe is unobstructed. Examine the opening of the fuel feed pipe for obstructions. Clear any obstructions from the fuel feed pipe.\n3. Clean the opening of the fuel feed pipe. Wipe it with a clean, dry cloth. This will prevent any foreign substances from being swept down into the fuel feed pipe as the fuel is put into the pipe.\n4. Confirm that fuel is available for refueling. Make sure that 2 fuel delivery canisters of appropriate size and type for the race car are filled with the type of fuel required by the race car.\n5. Prepare and secure the fuel delivery canisters. Make sure that the 2 filled fuel delivery canisters are ready in the garage near the pit area. Ensure that the fuel delivery canisters are secured in baskets or by tie down straps so that the canisters can not be accidentally knocked over.\n6. Outfit 2 pit crew members with fire protective clothing. One of the pit crew members will fuel the car, while the other will carry the second fuel delivery canister and an approved fuel overflow catch pan.\n\n\n## Perform the refuel\n\n1. Get into position for the approaching pit stop. Have 1 crew member pick up the first fuel delivery canister. Have a second crew member pick up the second fuel delivery canister and the fuel overflow catch pan.\n2. Attach the first fuel refilling canister. As the race car comes to a stop in the pit, open the door on the refueling port. Insert the nozzle of the first fuel delivery canister into the fuel feed pipe and invert the fuel delivery canister to allow the fuel to flow out. Hold the fuel delivery canister at about a 60-degree angle.\n3. Catch overflow fuel from the first fuel canister. The crew member with the fuel overflow catch pan must set down the fuel delivery canister that was carried out, and place the fuel overflow catch pan to catch fuel overflows.\n4. Attach the second refueling canister. When the first fuel delivery canister is empty, pull it out of the fuel feed pipe and set it down away from the race car. Pick up the second fuel delivery canister, insert the nozzle of the canister into the fuel feed pipe, and invert the canister to a 60-degree angle.\n5. Catch overflow fuel from the second fuel canister. Use the fuel overflow catch pan to catch fuel that overflows.\n6. Complete the fueling. When the second fuel delivery canister is empty, pull it out of the fuel feed pipe. Close the door on the refueling port.\n7. Clear the pit area. The 2 crew members wearing fire protective clothing must take the 2 empty fuel canisters and the fuel overflow catch pan back into the garage area.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to construct a 90 degrees angle using compass and ruler?", + "input": "", + "output": "Often you are required to construct some angles without using a protractor. The following answer teaches you how to draw a 90 degrees angle using a compass and a ruler.\n\n## At the end of a line segment\n\n1. Mark the vertex of your angle anywhere on the paper. Let us name this point as M.\n2. Draw a ray MN, extending in any direction and of any length. This will be one of the arms of our angle.\n3. Place tip of the compass on point M and draw a circle cutting the ray MN at some point (say P).\n4. Keep the width of the compass the same. Then place its tip on P and draw an arc cutting the circle at some point (say Q).\n5. Keep the width of the compass the same. Place its tip on Q and draw another arc cutting the circle at another point (say R).\n6. Keep the tip of the compass still on Q. Draw another arc somewhere outside the circle. For carrying out this step, you can set the width of the compass to any measure.\n7. Keep the same width of the compass (as set in the previous step). Now place its tip on R and draw another arc which cuts the arc drawn in the previous step at some point (say S).\n8. Connect the points M and S with a straight line. Extend it to form a ray ML. The measure of the angle LMN is 90.\n\n\n## Through the middle of a line segment\n\n1. Draw a straight line. On a piece of paper, draw a line segment of any convenient length. Make it horizontal for the sake of simplicity, but it could be at any angle. Label the line segment AB.\n2. Pick any point on AB. Mark it, and label it O. O can be anywhere on the line segment, including at either end point (A or B). For convenience, let's put O somewhere near the middle of AB. The line segment could now be referred to as AOB.\n3. Grab a compass. Open the compass to a radius a little shorter than either AO or OB. Now place the compass point at O. Strike short arcs through AB on either side of O. The two arcs should have the same radius. Label those two points of intersection C and D. Now the line segment could be referred to as ACODB.\n4. Strike two more arcs. Place the compass point at C, and strike an arc to one side of the line segment. Then place the compass point at D, and strike a second arc of the same radius and on the same side of the line segment. Make sure those two arcs intersect. Call that point of intersection E.\n5. Draw the 90° angle. Draw a straight line from E to O. Line segment EO forms a 90° angle with line segment AB. It actually forms two 90° angles at O. If you were to extend EO beyond AB, you would form four 90° angles at O.Note that you can draw a 90° angle at either end of line segment AB if you want to (in other words at point A or point B). Simply extend AB beyond A or beyond B, and then follow the above steps. Point A (or point B) would serve as point O in the above instructions. This is essentially the same method featured in How to Construct a Perpendicular Line to a Given Line Through Point on the Line, Method 2.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make quinoa lasagna?", + "input": "", + "output": "Quinoa lasagna replaces standard lasagna noodles with quinoa. If you want a meatless version – which doesn’t require pre-cooking the quinoa or vegetables – opt for the vegetable lasagna, with mouth-watering mushrooms, spinach and onion in a red sauce. The spinach and chicken version has similar ingredients, but is prepared differently. The quinoa is rinsed, drained and boiled first, and the veggies are sauteed on the stovetop before baking the lasagna. Pair either lasagna with a complimentary beverage, and serve vegetables and dipping bread on the side.\n\n## Bake vegetable lasagna\n\n1. Chop vegetables while the oven preheats. Preheat the oven to 375 °F (191 °C). Use a large chopping knife to dice the mushrooms. Dice the onions more finely than the mushrooms.\n2. Line a greased casserole dish with veggies and quinoa. Spray the dish generously with coconut oil cooking spray. Place the spinach, mushrooms and onions into the dish. Sprinkle the uncooked quinoa on top.\n3. Mix up the marinara in a medium bowl. Combine the marinara sauce with the vegetable broth, cottage and ricotta cheese, Italian seasoning, garlic powder, sea salt and ground pepper. You can use 1% cottage cheese and full-fat ricotta cheese, or opt for whatever type you like of each.\n4. Combine the marinara with the contents of the casserole dish. Pour the marinara mixture over the veggies and quinoa. Mix all of the ingredients together with a large spoon. Ensure that the sauce mixture mostly covers the other ingredients.\n5. Bake the covered casserole for one hour. Cover the dish with tin foil. After 30 minutes, remove the lasagna and stir it. Replace the foil cover and put the dish back in the oven for another 30 minutes. At the halfway mark, it’s normal for the dish to appear a bit watery.\n6. Add the toppings and cook for two minutes. Arrange sliced tomatoes and shredded mozzarella to the top of the lasagna. Replace the tin foil. After cooking, let the dish cool for about ten minutes before serving it.\n7. Refrigerate or freeze leftovers. Store the lasagna in an air tight container. Refrigerate for up to five days. If freezing, allow the lasagna to cool completely first. Let it thaw in the refrigerator overnight before re-heating. Try a glass pyrex dish for refrigeration. Try a disposable aluminum casserole dish for freezing. Add a sheet of plastic wrap on top of the lasagna and push all of the air out before wrapping the whole dish in tin foil.\n\n\n## Make spinach and chicken lasagna\n\n1. Boil the quinoa in a small pot. Add rinsed and drained quinoa to a pot with 1½ cups (350 ml) of water. Bring the contents to a boil over high heat. Turn the heat to low and put a lid on the pot. Continue cooking for about fourteen minutes. Remove the pot from heat and let it sit, covered, for five minutes. Fluff the cooked quinoa with a fork. The quinoa is finished cooking when the liquid has all been absorbed.\n2. Sautee onion, garlic and mushrooms. Heat olive oil over medium heat in a large saucepan. Pour in the vegetables. Cook for five minutes, stirring occasionally, until the vegetables are tender and the onions are translucent.\n3. Cook ground chicken with the veggies. Over low to medium heat, cook the chicken for six to seven minutes in with the onion, garlic and mushroom you just sauteed. Use a spatula or wooden spoon to break up the meat as it cooks, until it is no longer pink.\n4. Add spinach, tomatoes and seasonings. Add spinach to the saucepan and cook it for two minutes, stirring continually, until the spinach leaves wilt. Mix in tomatoes, basil, salt, red pepper, oregano and sugar. Bring the mixture to a simmer and cook for about ten minutes, until the mixture thickens. Remove from heat. The mixture must be thick, not runny, for the lasagna to set properly.\n5. Combine quinoa, cheese and sauce as the oven preheats. Preheat the oven to 375 °F (191 °C). Add the quinoa, ricotta and 1/2 cup (95 g) of grated mozzarella into the sauce mixture and fold it in, then mix well. Pour the mixture into a baking dish. You can use a 9” (23 cm) x 13” (33 cm) oven-safe casserole dish.\n6. Add the topping to the lasagna. Smooth the top of the lasagna with a spatula. Sprinkle the rest of the mozzarella on top in a single layer. Pour the Parmesan and breadcrumbs on top.\n7. Bake the lasagna for 30-35 minutes. Allow it to cool for at least five minutes before you serve it. The lasagna is done when the top is bubbling and lightly browned. If you want it browner, you can put it under the boiler for about a minute at the end.\n8. Refrigerate or freeze leftovers. Store your lasagna in an air tight container. Refrigerate the lasagna for up to five days. If you want to freeze it, allow the lasagna to cool entirely first. Allow it thaw in the refrigerator overnight before re-heating. For example, you can refrigerate the lasagna in a glass pyrex dish with a lid. For instance, place the lasagna in a disposable casserole dish. Add a sheet of plastic wrap on top, then push all of the air out. Wrap the entire dish in foil, and freeze.\n\n\n## Compliment quinoa lasagna\n\n1. Serve the lasagna with vegetables. Add chopped fresh basil to the top of the lasagna, or fresh basil leaves on the side of the plate. Serve a tossed salad, steamed vegetables, or roasted vegetables alongside the lasagna. For example, thickly-sliced, cooked zucchini goes well with quinoa lasagna. Serve cooked spinach, or fresh spinach as a side salad. Make sweet potatoes, which go well with quinoa lasagna.\n2. Serve complimentary beverages. Red sauce goes well with a glass of red wine. If you prefer white, opt for something crisp and dry. Other options are non-alcoholic beer, or sparkling water with muddled herbs. Try a red wine from southern Italy, such as from Tuscany. Another option is a light Sicilian red wine. Try a white wine like Pinot Grigio or Verdicchio.\n3. Serve thick, crusty bread with dipping oil on the side. Combine olive oil with lemon juice, grated Parmesan cheese, and dried herbs/seasonings, to taste. For example, try 1/4 cup (60 ml) olive oil, a squirt of lemon juice, and a teaspoon (4 g) of Parmesan. Tap out a small sprinkle – 1/2 teaspoon (2 g) or less – each of dried basil, parsley, thyme, oregano, black pepper, rosemary, salt, and red pepper. Mix in 1/2 teaspoon (2 g) of minced garlic, if desired.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to know what to charge for babysitting?", + "input": "", + "output": "Babysitting is a great way to earn money and get experience taking care of children, but figuring out how much to charge for your time can be tricky. Many babysitters don’t have much work experience, and they feel bad asking for money. Remember, your time is valuable and you deserve to be paid fairly! Figure out a good base rate by talking with babysitters and parents in your area. You can also use an online babysitting rate calculator. Then charge more based on how many children you’re sitting, their needs, your skills, and your transportation costs.\n\n## Set a base rate\n\n1. Ask other babysitters you know what they charge. If you know anybody else who babysits, ask them what they charge. Once you have multiple opinions, you can see what the average is. Since they live in your area, they’ll know what a reasonable rate is for where you live. Different areas have very different rates, depending on what people’s average income is. Ask a fellow babysitter, “I’m a new babysitter and am trying to figure out what to charge. I was wondering how much you charge per hour?”\n\t* Major cities and their suburbs generally pay higher rates than small towns. In New York City and L.A., sitters charge about $20 an hour, while in Houston and Chicago they charge $15.\n2. Use an online rate calculator. The internet has a lot of babysitting rate calculators that allow you to put in your zip code and how many years of babysitting experience you have. It will calculate the average rate. One example is https://www.care.com/babysitting-rates.\n3. Ask parents you know what they pay for babysitters. Ask trusted adults in your area how much they pay their babysitters. This will help you get an idea of how much people are willing to pay. Once you have an idea, propose it to your client, and see if they think it’s fair. Keep in mind that parents will pay more per hour for a qualified nanny than for a teenage babysitter. Parents will also pay differently for full-time babysitting than for occasional nights or weekends.\n4. Look up what the minimum wage is in your area. Too many babysitters settle for less than minimum wage because they’re not sure what it is, or because the job is less official than jobs that require work permits. Counties and cities calculate the minimum wage based on what they think is a fair amount to give someone for an hour of their time, so you should charge at least that. If you’re underage to work at a regular job or are undocumented, you should still ask for the minimum wage. You deserve to be paid fairly.\n\n\n## Increase your base rate\n\n1. Increase your rate when you gain experience and qualifications. The more babysitting experience you have, the more skilled and qualified you are. Also, the older you are, the more you can charge. Increase your rate when you pass big milestones like graduating middle school or high school. Charge more if you have extra skills, like CPR certification or camp counselor experience.\n2. Charge more if there are more children. Once you’ve settled on a reasonable base rate, charge more money (maybe 5 dollars more per hour) for each additional child you’re asked to look after. Watching 1 or 2 children is very different from watching 5 children, so make sure you’re comfortable with it before saying yes to the job. Also, consider asking your client if you can bring a co-babysitter along with you for large groups of children. The client should pay both babysitters a reasonable rate for this to be a fair deal.\n3. Charge more for special needs and skills. If the child you’re being asked to watch is an infant who requires constant supervision, diaper changing, and bottles, you can charge more than if you’re watching a 10 year old. If the child has special needs or is particularly rambunctious or difficult to manage, you should also charge more, because you will have specialized skills to take care of them. Offer the price you think is fair considering the amount of physical and emotional energy that goes into caring for that child.\n4. Increase your rate if they ask you to do extra chores. You should feel free to charge more if your client asks you to do household chores like sweeping, mopping, dishes, laundry, grocery shopping, and cooking. You can also charge more if they ask you to care for their pets or help their children with their homework. The more tasks they ask you to do outside of just watching their child, the more you can charge for your hourly rate.\n5. Factor in transportation. If you have to travel a long time to get to your babysitting job, you should charge for your commute. Talk to your client about ways to do this. You can include your commute-time in the amount of time you’re compensated for. Another way is to have your client pay for your gas money or your bus tickets, depending on how you are getting there. If you have to bike or walk to your babysitting job in the dark, make sure you feel safe. Otherwise, you should refuse the job, or ask for different hours. Don’t accept a ride from an unfamiliar babysitting client. It may not be safe.\n6. Ask for more payment for babysitting on holidays. If your client asks you to work on Christmas, Valentine’s Day, New Year’s Eve, or some other special occasion, you should charge more. First of all, you’re giving up having a fun time, and you should only do that for the big bucks. And secondly, the client will be willing to pay more, because it’s hard to find sitters on nights like that. On the other hand, if you’re babysitting in the middle of a Sunday afternoon, you’ll probably get less money than babysitting on a Saturday night, when your clients want to go on a date night.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to stretch your quads (quadriceps)?", + "input": "", + "output": "The quadriceps are a group of four muscles that run down your thighs. Virtually every athletic activity or exercise engages your quads, so it's important for them to be flexible and strong. To maintain healthy quads, stretch them before and after exercise. You can also use yoga to increase the flexibility in your quads, which can make them less prone to injury.\n\n## Warm up your quads\n\n1. Walk or bike for 10 to 15 minutes. A gentle cardio exercise such as walking or biking will get the blood flowing to your quads and make stretching more comfortable. Stretching cold muscles could result in injury. If you're planning on exercising outside in cooler weather, add 5 to 10 minutes to your warm-up time before you start stretching.\n2. Do standing quad stretches before a long run. From a standing position with your knees together, lift one foot and grasp it with your hand. Gently press your foot towards your glutes until you feel a stretch along the front of your thigh. Hold for 10 to 20 seconds, then repeat with the other foot. This stretch can be done both before and after a long run or other physical activity, as part of your warm-up or cool-down. You can also do this stretch while lying on one side. Brace your core to keep your spine in alignment and help stabilize your pelvis.\n3. Add kneeling stretches to target quads and hip flexors. Kneel on the floor on one knee. You may want to rest your knee on a folded towel or mat. Lean forward slightly, with your other foot flat on the floor and your knees at right angles. Lean forward, contracting your core and the glute of the kneeling leg. As you exhale, shift your body forward to stretch your quad and other hip flexor muscles. You can rest your hands on your front thigh for balance and stability. Hold the stretch for a 15-40 seconds, then switch and repeat the stretch with the other leg. Keep your spine neutral and your upper body posture straight. You also want to avoid arching, rounding, or flattening your lower back or pulling back against the lean.\n4. Use lunges for dynamic stretching. Stand with your feet a little wider than shoulder-width apart and step one foot forward. Lower your body by bending at the knees until the back knee is nearly at the floor. Your front knee should be in line with your ankle so that your shin is perpendicular to the floor. Raise up and repeat with the other side. You can do a series of lunges where you gradually move forward, or you can stay in the same place. Start with 2 sets of 10 repetitions on each leg. If you have trouble balancing and feel wobbly, place your hands on your hips or extend them out to form a T-shape.\n\n\n## Stretch tight or injure quads\n\n1. Use active range of motion exercises to maintain knee mobility. To complete this stretch, bend and straighten your knee through its full range of motion, or as far as you can go without discomfort. You can do this stretch while standing, sitting, or lying down. Choose the position that provides you the most stability and allows you to move your knee the most. This stretch is best soon after an injury, when your movement may be at its most limited. Try to complete 10 repetitions with each leg, but don't overdo it. Stop if you feel pain.\n2. Find a partner for passive quad stretches. Either standing, sitting, or reclining, have your partner grasp your ankle or foot. Your partner will slowly bend and straighten your knee through its full range of motion. When your knee is fully bent, have them hold the stretch for a few seconds before slowly moving your foot back down. Passive quad stretches are a good way to stretch your quads if you don't have the control needed to do standing quad stretches on your own. If you're able to move on your own, passive quad stretches may be of little benefit to you. Communication is key with passive stretching. Don't let your partner push your leg to the point that you feel pain in the muscle. This could lead to additional tearing or re-injury.\n3. Relieve tightness with the couch stretch. Kneel with one knee on the ground in front of a couch. Brace the foot of your kneeling leg on the side of the couch. Your other leg should be straight out in front of you with your knee at a right angle and your shin perpendicular to the ground. Push your hips backward as you press your raised heel towards your glute. You can place your hands on your front knee for balance. Hold the stretch for a few seconds or breath cycles, then release and repeat the stretch with the other leg. In addition to a couch, you can also use a wall or low bench to lean your foot against.\n4. Increase stability and control with supine squats. You will need a stability ball for this exercise. Sit on the ball, then walk your feet forward as you gradually lean back at the same time. When you are lying face up, roll forward and allow your knees to move over your toes until your knees are fully flexed. Then contract your quads and roll back until your knees are at 90-degree angles. Try to do 10 repetitions of this exercise. Only go as far as you can without pain or discomfort.\n\n\n## Improve quad flexibility\n\n1. Lengthen your quads with the crescent lunge. From a standing position, step one foot forward and fold over so that your hands are on either side of your foot. Your front knee should be at a right angle with your shin perpendicular to the floor. Raise up on an inhale, sweeping your arms out to the side and overhead. Lower your hips and press downward into the lunge, stretching and lengthening your quads. Breathe deeply and hold the lunge for 30 seconds to a minute. To get out of the pose, lower your hands over your front leg and then walk or jump your front leg back to meet the other leg. You can raise your hips into downward facing dog if you like, then walk or jump the other leg to the front and repeat the lunge on the other side.\n2. Lower into hero pose. Kneel on the floor, touching your inner knees together. Your feet should be slightly wider than your hips with the tops of your feet on the floor. Exhale and lower your hips onto the floor between your feet until your buttocks are resting comfortably on the floor. Lean forward slightly as you lower, wedging your thumbs into the backs of your knees. Breathe deeply, feeling the stretch in your quads, for 30 seconds to a minute. Open your shoulders and drop your shoulder blades down alongside your spine. If you can't sit comfortably on the floor in this position, place a block to sit on, or roll up a blanket or towel.\n3. Stretch your thighs and core with bow pose. Lie face-down on your mat with your arms by your sides, palms up. On an exhale, bend your knees and raise your feet towards your buttocks. Reach back and grab either your ankles or the tops of your feet and pull them forward. As you inhale, lift your feet towards the ceiling as you raise your thighs off the floor. Breathing can be difficult in this position, but gaze forward and focus on breathing as deeply as you can. Hold the pose for 20 to 30 seconds, then slowly release to lay back down. You can use a folded blanket to pad your ribs and hips to make the pose more comfortable.\n4. Open your hip flexors with pigeon pose. Start on all fours with your knees below your hips and wrists below your shoulders. Slide your right knee forward to the back of your right wrist as you pull your foot around to the left side. The side of your right shin should be lying on the mat perpendicular to your torso. Then slide your left leg back until it is flat on the floor. Exhale and raise up so you are in a sitting position with your right leg crossed in front of you and your left leg extending backwards. Hold the pose for 30 seconds to a minute, breathing deeply. Then return to all fours and repeat with your left leg in front and your right leg extended behind you. There are many variations to this pose. For example, try folding over your front leg and resting your chest and forehead on the mat for a more intense hip opener. For a really deep quad stretch, raise your back foot towards your buttocks. Grab your back foot or ankle with your hand and press it towards your buttocks to further deepen the stretch.\n5. Bend into camel pose. Kneel with your legs about hip-width apart. Inhale and draw your elbows towards each other behind your body, allowing your sternum to lift and your rib cage to expand. Press your hands into your heels, maintaining the lifting in your sternum and keeping your shoulders back. Hold the stretch for 30 seconds to a minute, breathing deeply. Avoid tightening your glutes. Camel pose helps lengthen and improve flexibility in your hip flexors and upper quads. If it is too much of a challenge for you to reach your heels, you might place a block between your feet or lean back over an exercise ball.\n6. Extend your backbend with little thunderbolt pose. Once you're comfortable in camel pose, take it a step further by lowering your head until the crown of your head rests between your feet. Reach your arms forward to grasp your lower thighs. Hold the pose for 30 seconds to a minute, breathing deeply. To come out of the pose, engage the core and slowly roll yourself back up to a kneeling position. Keep your glutes soft to avoid excess pressure on your lower back. This pose opens up your hips and quads. The practice of lifting up with your chest as you lower your torso backwards is an intense workout for your thighs.\n7. Rest in child's pose. Still in a kneeling position, spread your knees slightly and bring your big toes together. On an exhale, fold over your thighs, extending your arms out overhead and resting your forehead on the floor. Breathe deeply in this position for as long as you want. In addition to being a relaxing way to end your practice, child's pose also works as a good counter-pose after backbends.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to deal with diagnosis of a rare chromosome disorder in a child?", + "input": "", + "output": "Most people have heard of Down syndrome. But there are hundreds of other chromosome disorders a child can have, many of which are diagnosed in only a few children, or may even be unique to that child.\n\n## Get information\n\n1. Learn about genetics. Most people have 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs. One pair is the sex chromosomes, which in males is usually XY and in females XX. The other 22 pairs, known as autosomes, are numbered by size, with chromosome 1 being the biggest. Each chromosome has a longer arm, called the q arm, and a shorter arm, called the p arm. Each arm has bands that are numbered, with the band closest to the middle (centromere) being numbered 11.1. Terminus (shortened to \"ter\") refers to a tip of a chromosome. A \"terminal\" chromosome disorder is not fatal; it just involves the terminus. Learn about the types of changes. Nullisomy means that there are zero copies of a chromosome. Deletion/monosomy means that there is only one copy of the chromosome or piece of chromosome. Duplication/trisomy means that there are 3 copies. Tetrasomy and pentasomy refer to 4 and 5 copies, respectively. Translocations are when chromosomes swap material. If it is balanced, this means the same number of copies of material is present, but they are arranged differently - for example they have part of 3q on 2q and part of 2q on 3q, but it all adds up to the same thing. If it is unbalanced, the child has trisomy and/or monosomy for some part of the involved chromosomes. Very often, an unbalanced translocation is inherited from a parent with a balanced translocation, but it can also occur as a new mutation, which is called 'de novo'. For example, they may have part of 2q missing and part of 3q in its place, causing partial monosomy of 2q and partial trisomy of 3q. In an unbalanced translocation, the abnormal chromosome is called the derivative chromosome, or der for short. So they may write t(2;3)der(2) to indicate the child has the 2 with chromosome 3 material instead of the 3 with chromosome 2 material.\n2. Find medical information on your child's condition. There may not be much out there, but find what you can, because it can give you an idea what to expect for your child. Be careful to pay attention to what specific chromosome region is affected, including what bands are involved - even though they both have 22q deletion, kids with 22q11 deletion have a totally different syndrome from 22q13 deletion. Also keep in mind duplication/trisomy versus deletion/monosomy, because these are genetic opposites. When reading medical case studies, remember that they focus on the negative. You're probably not going to hear the doctor talk about how sweet and caring the child is, or how much their parents feel lucky for knowing them, because it's not medically relevant. You will learn about some of the health problems your kid could face.\n3. See if parents have written about your child's condition. Depending on how rare the condition is, there may be other parents out there who have written about what it is like to raise a child who has it.\n4. Look for adults with your child's condition. Many adults with genetic disabilities are able to use computers when they become adults. Do any of them have blogs or social media accounts? They may be able to offer good advice. Here are some benefits of learning from adults with disabilities:\n\t* They can tell you about the parenting strategies that did and didn't help. They may be able to offer detailed advice about your child. Watching them can help you envision what your child's life will be like someday.\n\n\n## Cop\n\n1. Don't assume the worst. Many doctors, when they don't know the prognosis for a condition, will act like it's more severe than it really is. Even parents of kids with very mild chromosome disorders have been told their child will never walk or talk and/or will die in infancy. If your child has a rare syndrome, take dire prognoses with a grain of salt.\n2. Recognize that infancy is the worst time. For many chromosomal conditions, the first year or two of life are the hardest, as caregivers and healthcare providers try to figure out the child's needs. It won't always be this bad, and it's likely to get easier. If you've been told that your child may die, recognize that extreme early death usually happens in the first 3 years of life, or not at all. If your child is fine at age 4, they'll probably be fine at age 24 and age 44.\n3. Give yourself time to process. You may feel a range of emotions as you realize that your child's life will look different than you thought it would. This is normal. Don't expect yourself to adjust immediately.\n4. Tell other people how they can support you. People around you may want to help, but not know what they can do. Let them know what your family needs, and give them the opportunity to help. \"Between all the doctor appointments, we barely have time to cook. It would be really nice to have someone prepare a meal or maybe invite us for dinner once in a while.\" \"We could really use a babysitter on weekends.\" \"We're so busy for with the baby that the kids can feel left out. If they could go to your house to play with your kids sometimes, it might help cheer them up.\" \"I'm really worried about the upcoming surgery. My wife can't be there due to her conference. It would really help to have someone there with me.\"\n5. Make peace with the fact that life will be different. Your child is going to learn differently, behave differently, and show you how much they love you differently. Sometimes it will be harder, but there will also be beautiful parts. Remember that not every quirk is a deficit. Some differences are positives, and others are neither good nor bad. It's okay for your child to be unique.\n6. Take time for yourself. You can't pour from an empty cup, and you can't help your child much if you're physically and emotionally exhausted. Try to set aside a little \"me time\" each day, even if it's only 5 minutes. Ask yourself \"What would help me feel better right now?\" Could it be a shower? A cup of tea? A hug? Try to get it.\n\n\n## Move forward\n\n1. Seek out parent support groups. If you can find other parents of kids with the same or overlapping chromosome disorders, great, but even parents of kids with completely different conditions can be a great source of support. UNIQUE has leaflets on many rare conditions.\n2. Get therapy early. Early intervention is important. As soon as your child is medically stable, sign them up for physical, occupational and/or speech therapy - even if they are still a tiny baby. This will help them reach their full potential. Although very few kids with chromosome disorders are so affected that they can't walk or talk, most have some degree of cognitive or learning disability. The more they can do for themselves, the less support they will need from others in adulthood. Take notes during therapy and ask for activities that you can do at home. Bad therapists do exist. If a therapist tells you to be cruel or punitive towards your child, find a new therapist. Childhood should be fun, not scary. You don't want your child to gain an anxiety disorder along with their new skills.\n3. Make time for your child's siblings, if there are any. At times, they may feel left out, especially if you're busy taking care of your disabled child's needs. Try to spend quality time with each of your children every day. If you don't spend time with a child on one day, try to make up for it during the weekend.\n4. Celebrate your child! Your child is different, and they have their own special combination of traits that make them who they are. Love them for who they are, and treasure the good moments. Some conditions, such as Williams syndrome, include positive aspects. Let go of the idea of the child you could have had, and focus on the real child you have right now. They need your love.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make a rubber band star?", + "input": "", + "output": "Making a star out of a rubber band is a simple trick that you can use to impress your friends! All you need is a sturdy rubber band a little bit of patience. Once you get a single star down, try making a star within a star to up the ante a bit.\n\n## Create a single star\n\n1. Place a sturdy rubber band over your left thumb and index finger. Put the rubber band near the end of your fingers and stretch your fingers out slightly so the rubber band stays taut. Turn your hand so that your palm is facing you. Choose a rubber band that's not too wide, as wide rubber bands are more difficult to stretch. Also, pick a slightly longer rubber band than normal. There's not a set width and length, but if you're having trouble stretching it around your fingers, it probably won't work.\n2. Lift the band closest to you over the top band and pull the top band out. When holding your palm toward you, you'll see 2 bands. Push your right index finger underneath the first one and hook your finger over the second band, pulling it out. It should go underneath the first band and out toward your palm.\n3. Twist the loop over itself and hook it on your pinkie. Use your right hand to twist the band you just pulled out to the right over itself. It should make a little teardrop-shaped loop that you can hook over your pinkie. You should now have a triangle shape stretched between your index finger, thumb, and pinkie. The rubber band should twist around each finger to make a teardrop-shaped loop, and the triangle should be on the inside edges of your fingers, not the outside.\n4. Reach into your thumb loop to grab the top band with your index finger. Insert your right index finger near the inside of your left thumb in the loop made by the rubber band, going down as you do. Go up through the middle triangle (with the thumb loop over your finger) to grab the band that's between your left index finger and your pinkie. Draw the band out the way you came in, through the thumb loop. You should now have a square in the middle. Keep holding on to the loop you pulled out with your right index finger.\n5. Grab the right side of the band between your 2 index fingers. Insert your right middle finger up through the loop that's over your pinkie. Grab the band that's just to the left and pull it out below. Stretch out your fingers to make the final star! Your right index finger and right middle finger will be holding on to 2 points of the star.\n\n\n## Move to a double star\n\n1. Begin with a single star. To move to a double star, you need to be able to make the single star first. The double star is a continuation of the single star, so get your hands in position with your left index finger, left thumb, left pinkie, right index finger, and right middle finger each holding a point of the star. You will need a long rubber band that's not too wide. You should easily be able to stretch it between 2 hands. However, it should be small enough to maintain tension over 3 fingers on one hand.\n2. Release your pinkie and your left thumb and stretch the triangle over them. Let the loops just pop over the edges of these fingers. As you do, you'll have a triangle shape with a loop over the right index finger and a loop over the middle index finger. Place the right index finger loop over your left thumb and the right middle finger loop over the left pinkie. Pull your right fingers out of the loops.\n3. Grab the bottom of the loop near your index finger. Use your right index finger and middle finger and grab the band the runs directly in front of your left index finger. It's technically the bottom part of the loop going over the index finger. Insert your fingers in it from the top but with your finger pads pointing up.\n4. Pull the bottom loop down and twist it. The loop should end up below the other parts of the rubber band. Twist it over itself to the left, forming a new loop. The loop should currently be over your right index finger and middle finger.\n5. Place your right fingers through the bottom loops. Put your right index finger through the inside of the loop that goes over your thumb. Place your right middle finger through the inside of the loop that goes over your pinkie, going from the top each time.\n6. Lift the loop off with your thumb. Grab the loop that you pulled down from the top with your right thumb and pull it over the ends of your fingers while keeping them in the loops of the star. Pull down on the 2 loops at the bottom, and you have a star within a star!\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to give dawah?", + "input": "", + "output": "Giving Dawah — inviting people who are non-Muslims or drifting away from Islam to Islam — is an important task and part of practising Amr Bil Ma'ruf Wan-Nahyi Anil-Munkar (calling to good and forbidding the evil). However, the actual job of teaching and preaching Islam is not for the unqualified and uneducated. Proper training and experience is needed to give Dawah. So, how can you effectively and properly give Dawah?\n\n## Prepare yourself to give dawah\n\n1. Make sure you have the right intentions before giving Dawah. You should have pure and good intentions. Oftentimes, many Muslims decide to tell the world about Islam but do it in a way that causes more damage than good, putting themselves in unfortunate situations. Don't give Dawah if your intention is to show off that you are a very knowledgeable person; make sure your intention is to please Allah. Giving Dawah is essentially a special mission to invite people to worship Allah according to the way that He wants to be worshiped. You are delivering a message of truth and showing others how to follow it. The purpose of Dawah is not only to spread the knowledge of Islam but to grow closer to Allah yourself. Take the act of inviting others to Islam as a way to bring yourself closer to Islam as well.\n2. Take a short Dawah course to learn how to give Dawah to a variety of different individuals. You can often find organizations or community groups that come together to teach about Dawah. Most of these courses are free. Some organizations, like Mission Dawah, offer online training or training apps. You can find courses that come in audio, video, or written format for your convenience. Conferences dedicated to teaching how to give Dawah are often held, so be on a lookout in your local area for those. There, you can meet others wishing to give Dawah and learn from educated and experienced teachers and preachers.\n3. Learn how to answer frequently asked questions about Islam. If a Dawah course is not doable for you, there are many materials and resources that talk about common questions people may ask about Islam and how to answer them. Search local Islamic centres for books or the internet to learn what others are asking about Islam. Some questions you might be asked are:\n\t* What is the difference between the words Islam and Muslim? Who is Allah? Who is the Prophet Muhammad? And why do Muslims believe he is the last prophet? What do Muslims believe about Jesus? What does Islam say about homosexuality, abortion, and marriage?\n4. Integrate Islam into your life as much as possible. This means you live and breathe Islam both mentally and physically. You should continue to present yourself as a Muslim as well as bring Islam material into your daily interactions and environments. Maintain the physical appearance of a believer by growing and maintaining a beard and wearing your hijab. Bring Islamic materials to your workplace or where ever you go. This makes giving Dawah easier, as it may spark conversations or questions from others. Bring halal meat to your workplace and share them to others to generate conversations. Pray at your workplace or wherever you are. Let people know prayer is very important to you. You may need to arrange a place or room with your employer and employees in order to pray.\n5. Pray to God and ask for guidance and a sound mind for you to be able to share your faith according to His holy will. For God to answer your prayers, you must live a righteous life and repent any unlawful things you may have done. Truthfulness is one of the most important qualities to have when calling people to Islam. Having this mindset will lead you closer to Allah and also prepare you better for Dawah.\n\n\n## Speak about islam\n\n1. Begin by getting to know the person. Talk to them about themselves, their family, their work, and show that you genuinely care about them. Each person is unique and getting to know them will help you plan the best way to give Dawah to them. Try to find out as much as you can what they know about Islam. Some good opening questions are: How did you first hear about Islam? What do you know about Islam? Or bring up some recent news involving Islam. Do not speak too much about Islam at one time -- let them set the pace. It is best to give Dawah in small doses. Depending on who you are talking to, you can continue the conversation or give literature for them to go through on their own. Giving Dawah is about simplicity. Just be friends with them. Sometimes introducing or reminding someone of the Islam faith is just to be a good friend and show through example. This is especially effective if you know of a Muslim that is straying from Islam.\n2. Ask them if there is anything they do not understand about Islam. You can ask, \"What do you think is wrong with Islam?\" or \"What do you think Islam is?\" Then clear each misconception with as much knowledge and clarity as you can offer. Or point them to the right direction to obtain these answers. Many people will have confused Islam traditions and teachings with ideas that they are already familiar with outside of Islam. For example, people who are familiar with the Christian Bible and its many interpretations may draw the same interpretations when they hear that the Quran mentions Adam and Eve. Some believe that, because of the Bible, society sees women as lesser than men and then have the misconception that women are also oppressed or dominated by men in Islam. Point them towards the Quran and outline the differences between the Quran and the Bible and what these differences mean. In the media and popular culture, many Islamic traditions are the subject of heated debates. The hijab worn by Muslim women is a popular debated topic. You should clarify these misconceptions and lead them to view these concepts of Islam in the framework of Islamic thought which sees the wearing of the hijab as honouring purity of both thought and body.\n3. Say thank you. Thank the person for giving you the chance to share about Islam to them. You might even want to try saying thank you if someone asks you a rude question or insults Islam, as exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad. By saying thank you in response to abusive statements, you show others that Islam is, indeed, a good faith. It may also surprise them and make them more open to listen to you. For example, someone might ask, \"Why do Muslim women cover their heads? Isn't this a sign of subjection of women?\" Tell them, \"Thank you for asking me about my religion\" and continue with \"You have an interesting question concerning Islam and I congratulate you for seeking correct knowledge about our faith.\"\n4. Be polite and don't argue or debate with who you are giving Dawah to. Arguing and debating is against the teachings by Allah in the Quran; \"He who gave up disputing while he is right, a palace of high rank in Paradise will be built for him\" (At Tirmidhi). Although your intentions may be good, arguing could lead to disputes and it is best to spread the knowledge in a peaceful way. In Islam, backing down is better than debating. Stop looking for \"loop holes\" in others' beliefs or putting them down for their beliefs. Belittling others is against the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. Be more inviting and less defensive. Being defensive or argumentative pushes people away from Islam. It may also hurt people such as your family or friends and even you, bringing in frustration caused by these disputes. In the end, God knows your intentions and will work his will.\n5. Speak the truth. Islam believes that truthfulness is one of the pillars the world's survival depends on. Since speech or speaking is an exclusive human trait, lying is seen as losing your humanity. So when giving Dawah, not only is it important that you do not lie, but also preach that you cannot lie and the faith of Islam is all about truth. You can give examples from the Quran and Sunnah of what lying means and what its consequences are. Some examples of lying are lying when buying and selling, lying about visions and dreams, telling lies as jokes, or being hypocritical. Allah also warns against speaking about everything you hear as you may hear both truths and lies, and speaking about everything could count as lying. Do not tell lies about Allah and His Messengers: “Telling lies about me is not like telling lies about anyone else. Whoever tells lies about me deliberately, let him take his place in Hell.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 1229. When you make a statement about Islam, justify it and reference the Quran or Hadith if necessary. If you do not know the answer to a question, say \"I don't know\". Don't lie about your knowledge or spread misinformation. The best way to go about this is to be truthful and direct the person to another source that may contain an answer to their question.\n6. Don't worry if non-Muslims do not accept Islam. The purpose of Dawah is not to convert or convince others to Islam. The decision should be made by the person's own free will.You're duty is to convey the message of truth. Allah guides whom He wills. Ask them, even if they do not accept Islam, what they think of Islam now. This can aid you in future attempts at Dawah or even continue the conversation.\n\n\n## Give dawah in other ways\n\n1. Hand out materials such as a CD, book, or brochure of other more experienced Da'ee (caller of Islam). One of the easiest ways to give Dawah is to spread the message through another Da'ee, especially if you are still working on acquiring knowledge. You can also give a translated version of the Quran. The Quran is your most effective tool in telling others about Islam, as it is the most powerful book at your disposal. Give out leaflets or brochures of upcoming conferences to people or to your local Islamic centre. If you plan to do Dawah in public to strangers, giving material is the best way to engage others in conversation.\n2. Do charity work to help others and also show how Islam has affected your life. Get involved in your local area by helping the old or disadvantaged, or with organizations that help with the environment, community, animals, and much more. Engaging in charity work or sadaqah is a very important virtuous deed in Islam and shows Allah and others your faith in Islam. There are no preliminary requirements in order to give sadaqah and you can should give it freely without any limits or expect anything back. People touched by your charity work will most likely have a more open mind about you and Islam. This makes the message of Islam much easier for others to accept.\n3. Provide materials to your Islamic community by recording lectures, or posting videos. This is especially needed if your community is lacking materials to give to members who have strayed from Islam or cannot attend meetings regularly. It will also bring you closer to others in your local community. The Prophet Muhammad encourages that knowledge be shared and not withheld. There will be people in your community that are not willing to share the knowledge. Do non-direct dawah by using the internet. For example, post Islamic tweets on Twitter.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to disable the function key?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Use num lock on windows\n\n1. Find the Num Lock key on your keyboard. You can find it around your keyboard's numpad, or as a secondary function on another key. The Num Lock key is primarily used to lock the number keys on your numpad, but you can also use it to disable your Fn key.\n2. Hold down the Fn key on your keyboard. This will allow you to use the Num Lock button, and disable Fn.\n3. Press the NumLock key while holding down Fn. This will instantly disable all of your Fn key's functions. The Num Lock key may also look like Num ⇩ on some keyboards.\n\n\n## Use fn lock on windows\n\n1. Find the Fn Lock key on your keyboard. The Fn Lock key is usually indicated by a lock icon with \"Fn\" printed on it. You can usually find it as a secondary function on one of your standard function keys (F1-F12), or on another special key like Esc.\n2. Hold down the Fn key on your keyboard. This will allow you to use the Fn Lock feature to disable your Fn key.\n3. Press the Fn Lock key while holding down Fn. This will instantly toggle off your Fn key's function. The Fn Lock key functions like a Caps Lock key. You can toggle it on and off anytime you want.\n\n\n## Use mac\n\n1. Open your Mac's Apple menu on the menu bar. Click the Apple icon in the upper-left corner of your screen to open the Apple menu.\n2. Click System Preferences on the menu. This will open your System Preferences in a new window.\n3. Click Keyboard in System Preferences. This option looks like a keyboard icon on the second row of the System Preferences menu. It will open your typing and input settings.\n4. Click the Keyboard tab at the top. You can find it next to Text on the Keyboard page. The Keyboard menu may automatically open up to this tab. In this case, you don't have to click the tab here.\n5. Check the \"Use F1, F2, etc keys as standard function keys\" box. When this option is selected, the Fn key on your keyboard will be disabled except the special functions printed on each of your F keys. You can find this option at the bottom of the Keyboard menu. The F keys on the top row of your keyboard will now act as standard function keys (F1–F12). You can use the function keys without pressing Fn. If you want to use one of the special functions printed at the top of your keyboard, hold down Fn while pressing the F key. This will now be the only function of your Fn key.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to peel plums?", + "input": "", + "output": "Peeled plums are perfect for pies, jam, cakes, and baby food. If you try to peel a plum by simply pulling back the skin, you'll end up with a sticky mess on your hands. Instead, blanch the plums and then place them in an ice bath or trim the skin off with a knife. This simple techniques are quick, easy, and will leave you with delicious plum flesh.\n\n## Blanch plums\n\n1. Boil a pot of water on the stovetop. Choose a pot large enough to hold all your plums and fill half of it with water. It'll probably take about 10 minutes to boil..\n\t* Place a lid on the pot to help the water to boil quicker.\n2. Fill a large bowl with ice and water. Add water and ice to the bowl at a 50:50 ratio. This will act as an ice bath for the plums.\n3. Slice an \"x\" on the bottom of each plum. Use a paring knife to cut a cross hatch at the bottom of the plum (the side opposite the stem). Make each cut to be about 1 inch (2.5 cm) long. This will make it nice and easy to peel back the skin. Don’t worry about making the cut deep, simply cut through the skin of the plum.\n4. Blanch the plums for 45 seconds in boiling water. Carefully place the plums into the pot of water. It is important not to leave the plums in the water for longer than 45 seconds, as the flesh will go mushy and the plums will start to disintegrate. Always be careful when cooking with hot water to avoid burns.\n5. Submerge the plums in the ice water for 5 minutes. Use a slotted spoon to transfer the plums from the boiling water into the ice bath. The icy water will help to pull the skin away from the flesh of the plums. Make sure that all the plums are fully submerged in the water. If some of the plums aren’t submerged in the ice bath, make another ice bath for them.\n6. Peel the skin off the plums. Place your finger under 1 of the little flaps formed by the \"x\" you sliced, and pull back the flap. The skin should easily come loose in 1 big strip. Keep pulling back the flaps on all four sides until you've completely peeled the plum. If there is still a little skin on the plum, use a paring knife to slice off any remaining skin.\n7. Cut around the circumference of the plum. Press the paring knife firmly into the flesh until it hits the stone. Follow the natural seam in the skin and cut right around the plum. Keeping cutting until you have split the plum in half.If you don’t have a paring knife, use a sharp kitchen knife instead.\n8. Twist each half of the plum in opposite directions to pull it away from the stone. Hold 1 half of the plum in each hand. Firmly grip the halves and slowly turn them away from each other until one half of the plum comes loose from the stone.\n9. Lever the stone out with a spoon. Push a dessert spoon under the stone and then press the handle down to pop the stone out. If the stone won’t coming out, push the spoon under the opposite side of the stone and then lever it out.\n\n\n## Use a knife\n\n1. Cut the plum in half and pop the stone out. Place the plum on a chopping board and cut around the circumference of the plum. Use a teaspoon to pop the stone out of the plum.\n2. Chop both pieces of plum in half. Cut each plum half lengthways to create a wedge. This makes the plum easier to peel.If your plum is particularly large, consider chopping each piece of plum into thirds.\n3. Trim the skin off each plum wedge. Press the skin side of the plum firmly down against the chopping board. Carefully glide the knife as close to the skin as possible to remove the skin from the flesh.Compost the plum skin or use it in smoothies.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to tell if it's an acquaintance, friend, crush, or love?", + "input": "", + "output": "Feelings and emotions can be complex and difficult to understand, especially when trying to decipher those of someone you know. Are you simply an acquaintance? Do they consider you a friend? Is it love or just a crush? There are many layers to relationships and it's not always clear where you stand with someone. However, there are several different methods to decode how a person feels about you and perceives your relationship.\n\n## Read body language\n\n1. Notice the amount of eye contact. People’s eyes can be very expressive and tell a lot about how they’re feeling toward those around them. Friends will make eye contact with each other during conversation to show interest and respect. Someone with a crush on you will make repeated eye contact with you whether in a conversation or not. A crush may hold eye contact for a few seconds, and then look away from shyness, and find your gaze again later. Dilated pupils are another indication of a crush. Someone who’s in love with you will feel totally comfortable locking gazes for extended periods of time.\n2. Gauge proximity. The amount of space people choose to place between themselves and others can be an indicator of their perceived relationships with those around them. Someone who is your friend will stand or sit closer to you than an acquaintance. A person with a crush on you will stand near you, lean toward you, and look for reasons to get closer to you- whether it’s intentionally walking past you at a close range, or leaning in closer than necessary to talk to you. People who are in love will stand or sit very close together- perhaps their hips touch when standing side by side or their knees touch when sitting across from one another.\n3. Monitor movement. Our movements, whether conscious or unconscious, can convey lots of different meanings about how we feel about those around us. Friends will tilt their heads while in conversations with other friends to show that they’re listening. They may touch each other in light, casual ways on the hand or arm. Someone with a crush will look for reasons to touch the other person, often in a playful and flirty way. They may seem fidgety or nervous, and may subconsciously begin to copy the movements of their crush. Someone who is in love with you will seem very comfortable and secure around you. They may touch you using gentle, caressing gestures.\n4. Pay attention to posture. The way a person stands (or sits) when they're around you may give you some clues as to how they feel about you. A friend will stand with his or her shoulders and face pointing toward you. If sitting, he or she will uncross his or her legs to show that he or she is open to you. His or her palms may be open toward you as well, another sign of receptivity. When someone has a crush on you, they stand tall and slightly stick their chest out. Additionally, they will point their toes and hips toward you, as a sign of wanting to move toward you (both figuratively and literally).\n\n\n## Listen for verbal cue\n\n1. Recognize vocal tone. The inflection and quality of a person’s voice will change subconsciously depending on the feelings they have toward you. Listen to how someone talks in general, and compare it with they sound when talking to you individually. A friend’s voice will remain constant, with little to no change in pitch or tone. A crush’s voice will have a playful and flirtatious quality to it. Women use a higher pitch to accentuate their femininity. Men use a lower pitch, but alter the pitch, almost to a “sing-song” tone, to both highlight masculinity, and make a woman feel at ease. People who are in love will alter their voices to match their partners’. Men talk in a higher pitch and women a lower one to show that they are connected as one.\n2. Think about how casual your conversations are. A conversation between friends is usually casual and comfortable. Both you and your friend ask and answer questions equally, and may or may not make future plans to hang out.\n3. Notice how much they talk about themselves. If someone has a crush, they will talk a lot about themselves, both from nerves and as a way to “humble-brag.” They will also ask about you, and agree enthusiastically with what you say to make it seem like you have things in common.\n4. Analyze how intimate your conversations are. If someone is in love with you, they will open up to you in intimate ways. You may find out about their deep insecurities and fears, childhood, family dynamics, important personal values, and vision for the future. They may plan future vacations, or invite you to meet family.\n\n\n## Analyze your relationship\n\n1. Reflect on your relationship. Take some time in a quiet place simply to think about your feelings toward the person in question, and your interactions with them. Some questions to consider are:\n\t* How long have you known this person? How frequently do you see or talk to them? Is the communication equitable? What is the level of intimacy shared (either physically or conversationally)? How would you characterize your time together? Do you both seem to enjoy being together?\n2. Make a list. If you’re trying to determine whether someone is a friend or a crush, make a “Friend/Crush” list. If you’re figuring out whether someone is in love with you, make a “Like/Love” list. Like a Pro/Con list, record any specific behavior that would indicate how they feel about you. Having a visual aid way may give you more insight into how they feel.\n3. Ask a trusted friend for help. Sometimes our feelings toward someone can cloud our judgment in assessing their behavior. A friend can offer an honest, objective observation of the relationship, and will be less likely to allow personal feelings to affect their understanding.\n\n\n## Ask directly\n\n1. Express your feelings first. If you’re asking someone to open up to you, then you need to be upfront with them as well. If you’re looking for honesty, you need to show you’re capable of reciprocating. People are more likely to be direct with you if you’re direct with them. Start with a sentence like, \"I want you to know that I feel\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_about you/our relationship. I'm hoping you'll be just as honest and share your feelings about me.\"\n2. Ask in a tactful, non-threatening way. Explain that you’re simply trying to gain some insight and clarity in your relationship, and that you respect their feelings no matter what. It’s important for your partner to know that they can open up to you, without an abrasive reaction. Try saying something like, \"I want you to know that I will completely honor and respect your answer, even if it's not the one I want to hear.\"\n3. Be prepared for the consequences. There’s a chance you and your partner may be on two different wavelengths in terms of your relationship. Their answer may sting a little. Take some time to decide how you want to proceed in the relationship, knowing exactly how your partner feels about you.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to dress for the gym?", + "input": "", + "output": "When you go to the gym, it's important to wear clothes that are breathable and flexible. It's good to look good – but remember that fitness and safety are your foremost concerns. Ill-fitting clothing can cause itchy skin, rashes, or more serious injuries. Also, be mindful that your clothes may shift when you're working out. Wear clothing that will facilitate a solid workout.\n\n## Dress for women\n\n1. Choose a lightweight t-shirt or sweatshirt. Wear a breathable material like cotton or polyester. When you work out, you'll grow hot and sweaty, so you want to make sure that your clothing doesn't trap the heat. If possible, choose a top that is specifically designed for wicking sweat. Consider wearing a tank top or sports bra for a more breathable—if more revealing—outfit. If you have large breasts, then a sports bra may be essential for a comfortable gym experience. No matter your size, a bit of extra support never hurts.\n2. Pick your bottoms. Wear something flexible, with an elastic waistband: gym shorts, sweatpants, track pants, or yoga pants. You should be able to perform a full range of leg workouts while you're wearing the bottoms. The bottoms that you wear also depend on the effect that you're going for: tight and skin-showing clothing can help you show off, and baggier, more flowing garments might help you blend in. Short shorts may afford you the most flexibility, but they can also show a lot of skin. If you feel shy in shorts: wear sweats or yoga pants. If you wear shorts, inspect yourself from all angles in a mirror before you go to the gym. Keep in mind that people may be able to see up the leg of your shorts when you're using certain equipment, like the leg press.\n3. Bring appropriate footwear. The shoes you wear will depend upon the sort of exercises that you're doing. If you plan to do any cardio, then bring shoes that will offer plenty of protection for your feet and legs. Keep in mind that a lot of gyms don't allow open-toed shoes. If you'll be running on a treadmill, then make sure to bring running shoes. If you will be using an elliptical or exercise bike, then your footwear doesn't matter so much – just wear something comfortable that you can stand in. If you'll be training weights, make sure to wear something with ample ankle and arch support. Running shoes are always a good choice.\n\n\n## Dress for men\n\n1. Wear shorts or sweats. Make sure that your bottoms give you a full range of motion. Be conscious of how much you will sweat during your workout, and think about how hot you're going to get. Try not to wear shorts that extend more than an inch below your knees – especially if they are loose around the legs. The lower your shorts, the shorter your range of motion. If you decide to wear shorts, be aware that other people may be able to see up the leg of your shorts when you're using machines like the leg press.\n2. Take a breathable, flexible shirt. A cotton t-shirt or tank will suffice. Alternately, choose a breathable, sweat-wicking polyester shirt. Pick something that will absorb sweat and that won't restrict your range of motion. A tank will show off your arms, and a t-shirt can be a slightly more modest choice. Decide what you're going for.\n3. Choose appropriate footwear. The shoes you wear will depend upon the sort of exercises that you're doing. If you plan to do any cardio, then bring shoes that will offer plenty of protection for your feet and legs. If you'll be running on a treadmill, then make sure to bring running shoes. If you will be using an elliptical or exercise bike, then your footwear doesn't matter so much – just wear something comfortable that you can stand in. If you'll be training weights, make sure to wear something with ample ankle and arch support. Running shoes are always a good choice.\n\n\n## General advice\n\n1. Wear lightweight, breathable socks. Cotton socks are generally a good choice. Make sure that the socks are neither too tight nor too loose! Wear high socks or low socks, to your taste. Short socks will give your legs more space to breathe, but high socks can be useful for wicking away sweat. Tight socks can constrict your legs and slow your blood circulation. On the other hand, socks that are too loose might distract you by sliding down your legs.\n2. Carry a towel. As you move about the gym, use a soft, clean towel to wipe your sweat away. You don't want to leave your sweat on the seat of a machine! Most gyms provide clean towels for members to use during their workouts. Do not share a towel with anyone, or else you risk sharing germs! Clean up any sweat that you do leave on a machine. Use a small, clean towel to wipe down the seat, the bars, and any other part that your sweat has touched. Your sweat carries bacteria that could infect someone else if left to dry on the machine!\n3. Wash your clothes after the gym. Even your own sweat, when left to dry on fabric, can breed nasty bacteria and then infect you. Odor-making bacteria tend to grow better on polyester than on cotton – but you should wash all gym clothes regardless.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to kill a fly?", + "input": "", + "output": "Flies can be annoying pests, especially inside your home. If you can’t remove the flies humanely, you may want to kill them. Use a flyswatter for an easy way to kill a few lone flies. Try using sprays to get rid of numerous flies. You can also kill flies with bait and traps, like fly tape, DIY traps, or Venus fly traps. Eliminating flies can be done quickly, easily, and cheaply, whether you have a single fly or dozens to remove.\n\n## Use a flyswatter\n\n1. Wait for the fly to land. Keep your eye on the fly until it lands, then get ready to make your move. Approach the fly silently and slowly so it doesn't fly away. If you don’t have a flyswatter, you can use other objects with a flat surface, like a newspaper, shoe, or book.\n2. Swat the fly with a quick, downward motion. Raise your flyswatter above your head, and bring it down over the fly in a single, strong move. You are crushing the fly between your flyswatter and a hard surface. If you miss the fly the first time, wait for it to land and swat again.\n3. Wipe up the fly and clean off your flyswatter. Rinse the flyswatter in soap and water, and use a tissue or paper towel to wipe up the mess. Make sure to wash your hands! You can also disinfect with a cleaning solution to prevent spreading any germs.\n4. Try using an electric flyswatter for an easier, efficient option. Electric flyswatters are devices that lure in flies with a light and kill them upon contact. Stand near the fly with your electric flyswatter to kill it effortlessly and quickly. Be sure to read over instructions carefully before use. Avoid touching the racket area, and always let the flyswatter fully cool down before storing it.\n\n\n## Spray the fly\n\n1. Choose from either chemical sprays, household cleaners, or hairspray. Chemical sprays kill flies instantly upon contact, though they contain harsh chemicals. You can also spray the flies with household cleaners, like Windex or Formula 409, or with an aerosol like hairspray. All of these sprays will help you kill a fly. Purchase chemical fly sprays at home supply stores. Look for brands like Hot Shot and Raid. Use spray if you want to remove many flies very quickly. Chemical sprays will kill them the fastest, though they have harmful chemicals. Household cleaners are a cheaper alternative, and you likely have them at home already.\n2. Spray the air near the fly thoroughly. Spray the fly while it is in the air or when the fly lands. Hold in the trigger to release the spray, and spray directly into the air around the fly. You want to saturate the fly in the spray. If you are using chemical sprays, the fly will die instantly. If you are using household cleaners or hairspray, the spray will coat the fly's wings, making it impossible to fly. The fly will still die, just not as quickly as with chemicals.\n3. Leave the room after you spray any hazardous chemical. The chemicals contained in most fly sprays are toxic and lethal. Household cleaners also use chemicals, though not quite as toxic. Avoid inhaling these chemicals by leaving the room immediately after you spray. Leave the room for both chemical sprays and household cleaners. If you have pets or children, they should also avoid the room until the chemicals have settled. You can wait about an hour before reentering the room, so the chemicals can dissipate. This will depend on how ventilated your room is and how much chemical you spray. It is safe to come back into the room when you no longer smell the chemicals.\n4. Dispose of the dead fly and wash your hands. Scoop up the dead flies with a paper towel or tissue, and throw them in the trash can. Make sure you wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water! If you killed multiple flies, throw them all away before you wash your hands.\n\n\n## Remove fly with trap\n\n1. Hang fly paper in areas with many flies for a cheap and easy option. Fly papers, or fly ribbons, are strips of paper coated in a sticky attractant. Flies approach the paper because they are attracted to the smell, and they get stuck to the paper and die. You can hang fly paper near your entrances, above your windows, or next to your trash can, for example. Fly paper can be hung up indoors or outdoors. Replace your fly paper after you collect a handful of dead flies.\n2. Make your own trap for a cost effective solution. You can make your own trap with sugar water, a jar, and a paper cone. Cut a small hole around the point of the paper cone. Pour 1 part sugar and 2 parts water into the jar, and place the cone upside down inside the jar. The flies will be attracted to the sweet smell, and once they are inside, they will get stuck and drown in the liquid. You can add a piece of cut fruit to the jar to tempt the flies further. Try a piece of apple. You can also add a mix of sugar and water to a plastic bottle instead of a jar.\n3. Set out a Venus flytrap for a natural, hands-off option. Venus flytraps are carnivorous plants that feed on insects. The flytrap has a reddish, sweet-smelling interior, which insects mistake as a flower. A fly will land inside, and the flytrap will snap shut. The fly cannot escape, and the flytrap will consume the fly. Place your flytrap in areas popular fly areas, like your kitchen or near your door. Purchase Venus flytraps at most home supply stores or garden centers.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to replace a ceramic tap cartridge?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Choose a new cartridge and drain the faucet\n\n1. Purchase a cartridge that matches your faucet’s model. The cartridge varies depending on the faucet you have, so getting an identical replacement is important. Order a new cartridge by noting the manufacturer’s name and the faucet’s model number. The name is usually printed somewhere on the faucet handle. The model number can sometimes be found on the faucet as well, such as on a tag tied to the cold water line. The water lines are located underneath the sink for a sink faucet and in the wall for a showerhead. They won’t always be accessible, so look in the owner’s manual for the model number as well. If you are unable to find the information you need to get a replacement, pull the cartridge out first, then take it with you to a hardware store. New cartridges can also be ordered online from the manufacturer.\n2. Turn the water control valve clockwise to shut off the water flow. If you’re replacing a sink faucet, check underneath the sink. Look for a pair of water lines running from the handle, each with its own valve. If that isn’t an option, locate the main shut-off valve in your home instead. It will be on the lowest floor of your home, close to the water heater. If you’re having a hard time finding the valves, follow the water lines. For example, find where the main water line enters your home. Follow it to the water meter and the shut-off valve. The main shut-off valve can vary. It could be a colored wheel that you rotate or a handle that you position horizontally to stop the water flow. It may also be outside of your home.\n3. Open the faucet to release any water still inside it. Go back to the faucet you are replacing and activate it. If the water has been shut off, it won’t shoot out its normal jet of water. Instead, any water trapped in the line will spill out. Wait until the faucet stops gurgling and dripping before attempting to replace the cartridge. Draining the line won’t take long. The lines can’t store much water, so they clear within several seconds.\n4. Cover the drain to prevent anything from falling down it. Faucets have some small screws and other parts that could cause a lot of unnecessary hassle if they were to get lost. To prevent accidents, fit the drain’s plug into place. If it doesn’t have a plug, place a towel over it. Make sure the drain is completely covered. Anything that falls down the drain will be difficult to remove and could damage your plumbing. If you happen to lose a part, order a replacement online or from a hardware store.\n\n\n## Handle a sink faucet\n\n1. Pry off the faucet cap with a flathead screwdriver. The decorative cap is at the very top of the faucet stem. Find the bottom edge of the cap, then slide the tip of the screwdriver underneath it. Push the cap up until it pops off the faucet. If the cap is stuck, pry it at a few different angles. Keep working around the edges until it is loose enough to lift off the faucet. Note that every handle is separate. If your faucet has separate cold and hot water handles, they have their own cartridges. Single-handle faucets only have one cartridge.\n2. Unscrew the handle with a Phillips screwdriver. Check the top of the faucet. There will be a small hole in the center where the cap was. Stick a small Phillips screwdriver into the hole to reach the screw, then turn it counterclockwise until you are able to remove it. Pull the faucet handles off afterward. Some faucets open with an Allen wrench instead. If the screw has a hexagonal opening on top, use an Allen wrench.\n3. Remove the nut on the faucet with a crescent wrench. Removing the handle exposes a circular metal nut on the base of the faucet. Clamp the wrench around the nut, then turn it counterclockwise. Once the nut comes loose, you can finish turning it by hand. Continue rotating it until you’re able to lift it off of the faucet. You could also use pliers to remove the nut. Water pump pliers are designed for dealing with plumbing nuts and bolts, but you may be able to remove it with different tools.\n4. Pull the cartridge out of the faucet by hand. The only thing left in the faucet is the cartridge. It has a wide base with a metal or plastic column in the center. You can use the column to get a grip on the cartridge. Just pull it straight up from the faucet to remove it. The old cartridge can be thrown out in the trash. Cartridges have traditionally been made of brass, recognizable because of its dull yellow coloring. Your faucet may have a silvery cartridge made of chrome or zinc, or a white one made of plastic. If you’re having a hard time holding onto the cartridge, grab it with pliers. Needle nose pliers are great for such delicate work.\n5. Insert the new cartridge into the faucet stem. The new cartridge won’t fit unless it aligns with the stem slot properly. Check the bottom edge of the cartridge for a small tab. The inner part of the faucet stem will have a matching slot. Simply align the tab with the slot and slide the cartridge in to install it. Make sure the new cartridge is properly aligned with the opening so it you don’t inadvertently damage it. Handle it with care!\n6. Reassemble the remaining handle parts to finish the installation. Put the parts back in reverse order. Start with the nut, tightening it by rotating it clockwise with a wrench once it’s on the faucet stem. Place the handle on top of it, inserting and tightening its screw with a Phillips screwdriver. Finish by pressing the cap onto the top of the handle. If your faucet is connected to multiple handles, remember to replace the cartridge in the other handle as well if necessary. Once you have finished, reactivate the water line to test out the new cartridge!\n\n\n## Fix a shower faucet\n\n1. Unscrew the shower handle with a Phillips screwdriver. Rotate the handle until you spot a small opening with a screw inside. Turn the screw counterclockwise until you’re able to remove it. Once the screw is gone, the handle won’t have anything holding it to the wall. Slide it off the wall and set it aside. The cartridge is located behind the handle, so you won’t be able to reach it without removing the handle first. Some shower handles have alternative types of screws. You may need an Allen wrench instead of a Phillips screwdriver.\n2. Use a Phillips screwdriver to remove the handle adapter. The handle is held in place by a round plate with an adapter in the middle. In the center of the adapter, you will see a screw. Turn the screw counterclockwise until you’re able to remove it. Then, slide the adapter forward to detach it from the faceplate. Sometimes the adapter can be removed by twisting it off. It depends on the model, but, if you don’t see a screw, you most likely have to twist it off. Note that you may need to remove the faceplate in some cases. It usually isn’t necessary, but every cartridge system is a little different. If you don’t see the cartridge, check the faceplate to see if it can be unscrewed too.\n3. Slip off the stem cover and anything else in front of the cartridge. Removing the adapter will reveal a small metal cylinder in the center of the wall opening. However, many shower cartridge systems have a few extra layers of protection around it. Yours may have a white plastic cap, followed by a metal ring. Pull both of them off the cartridge by hand and set them aside. These components are for adjusting and limiting the water temperature. They aren’t present in all faucet models, but save them if you have them.\n4. Use pliers to pull out the clip holding the cartridge in place. Look along the top edge of the cartridge for the clip. It is usually made of steel and situated in a groove on the cartridge. Reach in with a pair of needle nose pliers, then lift it to pop it out of the slot. Pull it toward you to remove it, then dispose of it in the trash. Some faucets have a nut instead of a clip. If you see a ring around the cartridge but no clip, use pliers or a wrench to turn the nut counterclockwise. Once it comes loose, slide it off the wall.\n5. Remove the cartridge by gripping it with a pair of pliers. Once everything else is out of the way, the cartridge isn’t tough to remove. Grip the stem, then attempt to pull it toward you. If it doesn’t come out right away, take a closer look at it. Some cartridges have to be rotated slightly to align with a slot in the wall before they can be removed. The cartridge is recognizable because of its column-like stem jutting out from the wall. The cartridge’s base is round and fits inside the wall opening. The cartridge is usually made of brass, which has a yellow coloring. Some cartridges are made of silvery steel or white plastic instead.\n6. Install the new cartridge by aligning it with the wall opening. Check the cartridge stem to see if it has a notch on it. If the notch is present, align it with the groove in the wall slot. Then, slide the cartridge in with pliers or a wrench. Make sure it is plugged all the way in before putting anything else on top of it. If the new cartridge came with a packet of grease, rub it onto the cartridge before putting it back. The grease protects the cartridge from damage during the installation. You could also apply your own plumber’s grease to it.\n7. Replace the remaining parts to finish the installation. Replace the parts one by one in reverse order from how you took them out. Start with the retaining clip or nut, tightening it after putting it back. Return any stem coverings next, followed by the screw-on handle adapter. When you’re done, add the handle and screw it into place. Test the faucet afterward. If it doesn’t seem to be working the way you want, check all of the parts to ensure they are undamaged and have been put back correctly.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to be a lazy college student?", + "input": "", + "output": "In college, unlike in high school, you are expected to take responsibility for your own learning. It is ultimately up to you to determine how much time and effort you want to put into your schoolwork. Experts suggest that college students today work considerably fewer hours than their counterparts did in 1961. But there is also evidence that working more hours is not necessarily the best way to be productive. A little laziness may even be good for us.\n\n## Part 1 of 3: prioritize what's important\n\n1. Ask yourself what you want from college. There are many reasons why a college degree is desirable, not least that it is still considered highly valuable by many employers. Your own reasons for pursuing a college degree may be more personal, but spend some time working out exactly what these reasons are. Consider why college is important to you. Do you want to learn important skills like critical thinking and problem-solving? Do you want to make friends, network and get to know other people? Do you want to get good grades for further study? Do you want to get a particular job that requires a college degree? Spend some time reflecting on these questions and come up with your own answers. It might even be a good idea to write them down. This will help you to recognize what's important to you so that you can focus on the essential things.\n2. Select your major and your classes carefully. After you have determined what's important to you as a college student, then you can make better decisions about pursuing a major or particular class that will help you achieve your goals. Speak to your academic advisor. It is their job to provide information about what certain majors entail and what courses are necessary. Ask other students for information about the class. Ask questions like, is the course time-consuming? Is the professor fair? What are the assignments like? If you don't know any other students, look online. There are many websites, some more general and others specific to particular schools where students share this kind of information. Be aware that what is on these sites are merely individual opinions, and your own experience of the course may be different.\n3. Complete as much coursework as you can before the semester gets going. Preparation is key and doing what you can before the semester starts will help things run more smoothly later on. For example, ask the professor for a copy of the syllabus ahead of time so that you can order the necessary materials before the semester starts. Familiarize yourself with the course materials. You can even start reading early to get ahead!\n4. Figure out what is actually required to do well in the class. This is key to being a lazy, yet productive, college student. Professors often cut material from the syllabus as the class goes on. Usually, the syllabus contains more material than it is possible to get through in a single semester. Ask your professor what is required reading and what materials or course readings may be more supplementary, i.e. they will not appear on exams or in assignments. Pay attention to what kinds of materials come up most frequently in lectures. For example, there may be a textbook chapter and several articles assigned for each class, yet the professor usually focuses on the textbook chapters in lecture. If you can determine a pattern then you can use this in your own preparation for the class.\n5. Streamline your commitments. Being a college student is not simply about going to class, many students are also part of sports teams, fraternities/ sororities, student associations and take on other voluntary roles. These are obviously important and worthwhile activities, but ask yourself if there are any commitments you could scale back on. Identify particular commitments that are not necessary to the goals that you have chosen to focus on. Accept that you can't do everything.\n\n\n## Part 2 of 3: make the most of your time\n\n1. Get things done at the right time. Timing is essential to being a lazy college student. While procrastination can be appealing, there are some activities that are best done at certain times. Here are some examples. Do your homework straight after class when the content is fresh in your mind. This will save you time as you won't have to re-visit the material at a later date when you might have forgotten it. Write out an essay plan or outline immediately after discussing it with the teaching assistant or professor in office hours. Again, if you spend some time getting your ideas on paper at the right moment then you'll save yourself time in the future because you won't have to worry about all the good ideas you might have forgotten.\n2. Take good notes. At some point, you will have to engage with the course materials. If you take good notes the first time around, then at the end of the semester or when an assignment is due you can use these notes and avoid having to re-visit what you have already read. Write good summaries. Try to distill the argument of a text or the main points in a chapter into a single paragraph. This will serve you well when you come back to look at your notes. Figure out if typing notes works best for you or if you prefer to write them long-hand. Annotate and highlight the text. Use sticky notes to mark important parts.\n3. Learn how to read quickly. Most college courses require you to read a high volume of complex material. Learning to read quickly and effectively is one of the key skills you learn in college. Preview the passage before you start reading it. Take a minute or two to look at the title, the headings or subheadings, any pictures, charts or graphs. Skim over the passage by reading the first and last paragraph, and the first sentence of every paragraph. Researchers suggest that these techniques improves reading comprehension, which will ultimately save you time as you already begin reading with a sense of what's important in the passage. Read in the right environment so that you actually take in what you are reading. This will prevent wasting time by re-reading certain parts that you missed. This requires good lighting, a comfortable upright reading position, minimal distraction and regular breaks.\n4. Utilize \"dead\" time. This refers to the hours in the day spent in routine, non-productive tasks. The idea is that focusing on these key moments can actually give you more free time to relax and be lazy. For example, those 30 minutes spent staring out the bus window during your daily commute could be utilized for productive tasks like reading over your notes or listening to the lecture that you recorded. If you have free time in between classes, go to the library or the nearest cafe and spend the time studying.\n\n\n## Part 3 of 3: learn other ways to work efficiently\n\n1. Take advantage of college resources. Colleges often provide writing centers and tutoring services to their students. It is a good idea to make use of these services as they will help you get the work done faster and prevent you wasting time being stuck on a particular problem or difficult assignment.\n2. Form a study group. Collaborating with other students in study groups can be an excellent way to share the workload. When prepping for the final exam, delegate different topics to different members of the study group to make notes on. This can be a great time saver, although you will obviously still need to make sure that you are familiar with all the course content. Make sure everyone in the study group is on the same page and shares the work equally.\n3. Seek help from your professor. Remember there is no shame in getting help when you need it. Most professors and teaching assistants have weekly office hours. They can help you strategize for success in the class. Get advice on assignments and exam preparation, often this will prevent you wasting time on what isn't essential to the course.\n4. Get the right technology. There is lots of technology that can help you as a college student, a laptop being the most obvious investment. Consider investing in a recording device. This can prove useful especially if you have difficulty concentrating in lecture or are going to miss a key class. Always remember to ask the professor for permission before you record them! Use software to help with referencing and citations. Many college papers, especially research papers, require correctly formatted references and bibliographies. There are many programs available to help with this, which will ultimately save you time and avoid any issues with incorrect citations.\n5. Work on managing stress. College can be stressful, for many students it is the first time living away from home and there are increasing financial pressures on students, many of whom work to sustain themselves throughout college. Acknowledge that stress is normal, but be aware that too much time spent worrying or stressing can be unhealthy and stop you from succeeding. Engage with your college's resources for managing stress. Many colleges provide programming for students to help with stress management, especially during finals period. Some key ways to manage stress are to engage in physical exercise, make time for relaxing activities, and try to get enough sleep. When it comes to managing stress, being lazy sometimes can be a good thing!\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make ricotta cheese?", + "input": "", + "output": "Ricotta cheese, the delicious key ingredient in Italian dishes from lasagna to cannoli, is simple to make in your own kitchen. Homemade ricotta cheese requires just a few ingredients, and the result is lighter and fresher than store-bought cheese. See Step 1 and beyond to learn how to make a batch today.\n\n## Milk-based ricotta\n\n1. Prepare the strainer. Line the fine-mesh strainer with a large piece of cheesecloth, and set it over the nonreactive bowl. Set this contraption on your work surface so to have it ready for the cheese mixture. If you don't use cheesecloth, it will be difficult to separate the cheese curds from the whey. You can substitute a double layer of paper towels or a thin cotton dishcloth in a pinch.\n2. Heat the milk, cream and salt. Place the milk, cream and salt in the saucepan and heat the mixture over medium-high heat. Allow it to heat until it reaches 200 degrees F. When the mixture is hot enough, turn off the heat and move the saucepan so the milk can begin to cool. It should take about 5 minutes to reach the correct temperature. Stir the mixture as it's heating to prevent it from scorching on the bottom. Use your candy thermometer or an instant-read thermometer to determine whether the mixture has reached the right temperature. If you don't let it cook long enough, the curds won't separate from the whey. If you overcook it, the texture will be ruined.\n3. Slowly add the vinegar. Use one hand to stir constantly while the other hand slowly pours the vinegar into the heated milk and cream mixture. The vinegar will cause the curds to coagulate and separate from the whey. You'll see solid bits forming and floating to the top of the liquid. Keep stirring until all of the vinegar has been added. The curdling agent in this case is vinegar, but some people prefer to use other substances. Try substituting 3 tablespoons (44.4 ml) of lemon juice for a different flavor. For a more traditional touch, try using animal rennet as your coagulant. Mix 1 teaspoon of rennet with 1/4 cup of cold water, then stir it into the milk mixture.\n4. Let the mixture sit until it's thick. Wait about 10 - 20 minutes for the coagulant to go to work and cause the curds to separate from the whey. It's ready when the curds have floated to the top to form a thick layer, leaving the liquid whey underneath.\n5. Ladle the curds into the strainer. Scoop out the thick top layer of curds and ladle them over the cheesecloth-covered strainer. Keep ladling out the curds until all that's left in the saucepan is the whey. You can discard the whey at this point.\n6. Let the ricotta drain. Wait at least an hour for the last of the whey to drain from the ricotta through the cheesecloth into the bowl. It will take about half an hour for the ricotta to fully drain. Don't attempt to stir it or push it through the cheesecloth, as this will just push the curds into the cloth. If you'd like a creamier final product, stop draining the ricotta after 5 - 10 minutes. For a drier final product, wait an hour for it to drain.\n7. Spoon the ricotta into a bowl. The finished ricotta is now ready to use in your favorite recipe. It's delicious as part of a savory dish or a dessert. Ricotta will keep in the refrigerator for about a week.\n\n\n## Whey-based ricotta\n\n1. Save the whey from making cheese in a non-reactive pot. When you make homemade cheese, you'll have curds at the bottom of the pot, and you'll pour off the whey. Filter as many of the curd particles out as you can since they would otherwise form tough \"beads\" in the final ricotta. Cover the whey and let it sit for at least 12 hours at room temperature to develop sufficient acidity. Acidified whey acts as its own coagulant, making it unnecessary to add vinegar or lemon juice to separate the curds.\n2. Heat the acidified whey. Pour it into a saucepan and heat it while stirring, taking care to avoid sticking or burning. Heat until the temperature has risen to about 175 degrees Fahrenheit and a white appears on the surface. Continue heating and stirring until the temperature reaches 200 degrees Fahrenheit. Note that the foam will build up somewhat. Be careful. If it boils, it can boil over.\n3. Remove the whey from heat and wait for it to curdle. Cover it and allow it to cool undisturbed until comfortable to the touch. The curds will soon appear like clouds suspended in the whey, while the whey will be clear and yellowish green.\n4. Strain the ricotta. Do not stir up the curd. Instead, set up a receiving pot with a large strainer and a fine clean cloth on top. Ladle the curds into the cloth, leaving the whey in the saucepan. Discard the whey. Be sure to scoop out the curds gently. Because the curds are very fine and delicate, they can stop up the cloth easily. This will cause very slow draining if they are broken up.\n5. Drain the whey through the cloth. It can take 2-3 hours for the whey to completely drain. If you prefer, you can set the strainer in the refrigerator and let it drain overnight.\n6. Remove the ricotta from the cloth. Pack it into a container, cover it and store in the refrigerator. Use it soon after making. Ricotta will keep up to a week in the refrigerator. Alternatively, ricotta freezes very well.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to cook corn?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are many different yet simple ways to cook corn. Corn on the cob can be boiled, microwaved, grilled, steamed, or baked, while loose kernel corn is usually boiled, steamed, or microwaved. Keep reading to learn more about your preferred cooking method.\n\n## Boiling corn on the cob[1]\n x\n research source\n\n1. Boil a large stockpot of water. Meanwhile, prepare the corn cobs by removing the husks and silks. The exact amount of water you need will vary depending on how large each ear of corn is. Make sure that you use enough water to completely cover the ears of corn once they are submerged. Note that you can add up to 1 tsp (5 mL) salt to the water if desired, but it is not needed. To remove the husks, snap off the stem of the corn with your hands. Pull the stem over the length of the corn to peel off the husks still attached to it. Remove the remaining husks by peeling them off with your fingers. Rinse the husk-free corn cobs under running water. Rub your hands over the corn to loose and free as many of the silky threads you spot clinging to the corn.\n2. Transfer the corn to the boiling water. Cover the pot and let it return to boiling. Use tongs to dunk the corn into the water. Avoid using your hands to transfer the corn since doing so may result in burns. If the boiling slows or stops after you place the corn in the stockpot, allow the water to reach a boiling point again before timing the cooking process.\n3. Cook for 3 to 8 minutes. The corn should be \"tender-crisp\" when done. \"Tender-crisp\" means that the corn is soft enough to press, but not mushy. The precise amount of cooking time will vary based on the type of corn and how mature it is. Fresh corn and sweet corn usually cook fastest.\n4. Remove and serve. Transfer the ears of corn to a layer of clean paper towels and let drain for 30 to 60 seconds before serving. The corn will be hot, so you may want to wait a few minutes before biting into it. Corn is usually served with a drizzle of butter.\n\n\n## Microwaving corn on the cob[2]\n x\n research source\n\n1. Place an ear of corn in a microwave-safe dish. You will need to cook the corn one ear at a time, but the instructions are the same for each ear. Do not remove the husk. The corn will cook better in the microwave if left in the husk during the cooking process.\n2. Microwave the corn for 5 minutes. The microwave should be set on high power or full power. Let stand in the microwave for 1 to 2 minutes to avoid burning yourself with the steam.\n3. Transfer the corn to a cutting board. Cut of the stem end using a sharp kitchen knife. Use oven mitts or a towel when removing the corn from the microwave. As you cut, you should also remove the first row of kernels. Make sure to cut through the husk completely.\n4. Slip the corn out of its husk and serve. Use oven mitts or a towel to grab hold of the corn from the uncut top end. Gently shake the ear, allowing the corn to slip free. The ear of corn should slip out of the husk easily. Usually, even the silks will remain left behind inside the husks. You can serve the corn with butter and salt, or however you prefer it.\n\n\n## Grilling corn on the cob\n\n1. Preheat your grill to medium-high heat. Meanwhile, remove the husks and silks from your ears of corn. If using a gas grill, set all the burners to medium-high heat and allow the grill to preheat for 5 to 10 minutes. If using a charcoal grill, allow a thick layer of coals to burn until white ash begins to form over the surface. Husk the corn by snapping off the stem and pulling it over the length of the corn, thereby removing the husk attached to the stem. Peel away the rest of the husk with your fingers. Rinse the ears under running water to remove most of the loose silks.\n2. Brush the corn with olive oil. Use a basting brush to apply a thin coat of olive oil to the surface of each ear of corn. Use no more than 1 Tbsp (15 mL) olive oil per ear. You could also use melted butter instead of olive oil.\n3. Transfer the corn to the grill. Cook for 6 to 10 minutes. Turn the corn occasionally to ensure even cooking and prevent burning. The corn is done once the majority of the kernels begin to brown lightly. It will also be charred in some spots, especially near the smaller kernels.\n4. Serve as desired. Remove the corn from the grill and transfer each ear to a serving platter. Let cool until you can handle it comfortably with your bare hands. Butter and salt are frequently served with corn, but if you used butter on the corn before grilling it, you may find that you do not need to add more.\n\n\n## Steaming corn on the cob[3]\n x\n research source\n\n1. Boil water in the bottom portion of a steamer. Husk and de-silk the ears of corn as you wait. If you do not have an actual steamer, you can use a large stockpot and perforated metal colander instead. Make sure that the metal colander can rest on the lip of the stockpot before attempting to use it, however. The basket portion of the colander should not dip below the halfway point of the stockpot. Snap off the stem of the corn and pull it over the length of the ear, removing the attached husk. Peel the rest of the husk away with your fingers. Rinse the corn under cool running water, scrubbing it gently with your hands. This should remove the majority of the silks.\n2. Transfer the corn to the steaming basket. Cook for 8 to 12 minutes. Use tongs to transfer the corn into the steaming basket. Using your hands could result in burns. The exact cooking time will vary depending on how mature the corn is. Fresher corn cooks quicker than older corn. The corn is done once the kernels feel tender but not mushy.\n3. Serve warm. Remove the corn from the steamer with your tongs and let rest for a minute or two before enjoying. Season with butter and salt, if desired.\n\n\n## Baking corn on the cob[4]\n x\n research source\n\n1. Preheat the oven to 425 degrees Fahrenheit (220 degrees Celsius). Remove the husks and silks from each ear of corn as the oven preheats. To remove the husk from an ear of corn, snap off the stem using your hands. Pull the broken stem down over the ear, stripping away any husk attached to it. Peel the rest of the exposed husk away with your fingers. Rinse each corn cob under running water, scrubbing gently with your hands to remove any visible silks. Pat dry with paper towels.\n2. Season the ears with butter. You can also add a little salt and pepper, if desired. Use plenty of butter. Spread at least 1 to 2 Tbsp of melted butter over each ear.\n3. Wrap each ear in aluminum foil. Each ear must be completely wrapped inside its own sheet of aluminum foil. If you are worried about butter leaking out from the aluminum foil, place a flat baking sheet or jelly-roll pan beneath the wrapped ears of corn to catch any dripping butter.\n4. Bake the corn for 20 to 30 minutes. Most ears of corn will only take 20 minutes to cook, but larger ears may need as many as 30 minutes. Place the corn on the middle rack of your oven to ensure the most even cooking.\n5. Remove and serve. Let the cooked ears of corn rest for 2 to 5 minutes before carefully removing the aluminum foil. Serve once they are cool enough to touch.\n\n\n## Boiling corn kernels\n\n1. Boil water in a medium saucepan. Meanwhile, measure out your frozen whole corn kernels. You can add up to 1 tsp (5 mL) of salt to the boiling water, if desired, but the salt is not necessary. The corn does not need to be thawed prior to use. You could also use canned corn kernels instead of frozen corn. Note that the amount of time needed to boil canned corn is significantly less than the amount of time needed to boil frozen corn. Additionally, canned corn should be drained before you add it to the boiling water.\n2. Add the corn to the boiling water. If the boiling decreases or stops, let the water come up to a boil again. After it returns to a rolling boil, reduce the heat to medium-low.\n3. Cover and cook. Frozen whole kernels of corn should simmer for 5 to 10 minutes. Drain once finished. Canned corn should only boil for 1 to 3 minutes. Once finished, the corn should be hot and tender but not mushy.\n4. Serve as desired. Do not refreeze corn kernels after cooking them. If desired, you can mix the cooked corn kernels with butter, salt, and black pepper. You can also use other seasonings, like parsley, according to your own tastes.\n\n\n## Steaming corn kernels\n\n1. Simmer water in a steamer. Fill the lower part of a steamer with water and heat, on the stove, over medium heat until the water steams and starts to simmer. Do not boil the water. Do not fill the steamer high enough for water to slip up through the holes of the steamer basket. If you do not have a steamer, you could use a stockpot and a metal colander with fine holes. Make sure that the colander fits over the lip of the stockpot without falling in.\n2. Add frozen corn kernels into the steamer basket. Spread the kernels out into a single layer. Canned corn kernels can also be used, but they will finish cooking in a much shorter amount of time. They may also be soggier once finished. You do not need to thaw frozen corn kernels before use.\n3. Cook for 9 to 10 minutes. Allow the corn to steam for 9 to 10 minutes without covering it. Drain once finished. Canned kernels will only need to steam for 3 or 4 minutes.\n4. Serve. Steamed corn can be served with butter and salt as well as other seasonings.\n\n\n## Microwaving corn kernels\n\n1. Place corn kernels in a microwave-safe dish. Spread frozen corn kernels into an even layer in the dish. Canned corn kernels can also be used, but there are some differences in the cooking method and length. Frozen corn does not need to be thawed prior to cooking.\n2. Add 2 to 4 Tbsp (30 to 60 mL) of water. Stir the water into the corn to disperse it throughout. Note that this step is only needed if using frozen corn kernels. You do not need to add water if using canned corn, but you should not drain the canned corn before use.\n3. Cover the dish with plastic wrap. Use a fork to poke a few holes into the plastic wrap, providing ventilation. Only use plastic wrap that is safe to use in the microwave. If the dish has a cover, you could use that instead of the plastic wrap. Make sure that the cover is placed on the dish loosely so that the corn is still ventilated.\n4. Microwave for 4 to 5 minutes. If using canned corn, only microwave the dish for 1 to 2 minutes. The exact length of time varies depending on how much wattage your microwave has. A lower-powered microwave will need longer time, while a higher-powered microwave will need less time. If you hear popping sounds as the corn cooks, stop the microwave early.\n5. Drain and serve. Drain the cooking liquid from the corn and season as desired with butter, salt, and pepper.\n\n\n## Charcoal grilled corn on the cob\n\n1. Cut the tip of each ear of corn off. Soak the corn in the husks in a sink or a big pot in 4 to 6 inches (10.2 to 15.2 cm) of tap water for about an hour.\n2. While they're soaking, prepare your outdoor charcoal grill. Add enough coals for an hour of cooking.\n3. Place the corn still in the husks on the grill. Cook for about an hour, turning occasionally, allowing the husks to char.\n4. Remove the husks.\n5. Add butter, salt and pepper to taste. Serve immediately.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to confuse cleverbot?", + "input": "", + "output": "Cleverbot is an online program that uses complex coding to hold text-based conversations with human readers. Though Cleverbot is great at holding basic conversations, it isn't perfect. With a little trickery, it's not terribly hard to get Cleverbot to reveal the limits of its programming. Whether you're trying to administer the Turing Test (a test used to tell whether an artificial intelligence can \"pass\" as a human) or simply looking for some easy laughs, visit Cleverbot.com to get started!\n\n## Confuse cleverbot with specific trick\n\n1. Try typing in song lyrics. Compared to other computer programs, Cleverbot is an exceptionally skilled conversationalist. However, Cleverbot knows nothing of the joys of music. If you try typing in a few lines of your favorite song lyrics, most of the time, Cleverbot will interpret the lyrics literally or give a nonsensical response, even if the lyrics are well-known. Note, however, that for certain songs that are very well-known, Cleverbot actually can (and will) recite the song lyrics if you start typing them in. For instance, try typing in the opening lyrics to Queen's \"Bohemian Rhapsody\": \"Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy?\"\n2. Present Cleverbot with a logical paradox. A paradox is a statement, question, or idea that has an answer that can't be logically found. Since some of history's greatest thinkers have struggled to untangle logical paradoxes, it's a very safe bet that Cleverbot will be completely perplexed by most of them. In addition, Cleverbot doesn't even do well talking about subjects that have the potential to be paradoxical, like time travel. Try using some of the paradoxes below, or use a search engine to find your own — there are literally hundreds out there. “If this statement is true, then Santa Claus is real.”\n\t* \"Since we haven't been visited by people from the future, does that mean that time travel will never be possible?\" \"What would happen if Pinocchio were to say, \"My nose will grow right now?\"\n3. Ask Cleverbot to play games with you. Cleverbot isn't terribly playful. For instance, if you ask it to join you in a game of chess or checkers, it'll say \"OK\", but then if you say, \"You go first,\" you'll get a nonsensical response. This is probably due to the fact that Cleverbot doesn't really have the capacity to play games — it knows to say that it wants to play chess with you, but it has no idea how to actually play chess. Cleverbot can, however, play rock paper scissors. Try it — say \"Let's play rock paper scissors\" and then say either \"Rock\", \"Paper\", or \"Scissors\".\n4. Type a sappy romantic dialog for Cleverbot. Sooner or later, almost everyone casually messing around with Cleverbot will get the idea to jokingly express the love or attraction they feel towards it. Though Cleverbot can handle basic overtures of love like \"I love you\" and \"Marry me\", it's not so good at interpreting subtle romantic comments or come-ons. For people nursing a crush on Cleverbot, a direct approach is apparently best. Give it a shot — try feeding Cleverbot pickup lines like \"I don't have a library card, but do you mind if I check you out?\" The response you get will usually be a little confused (at best) (if you use the library card line, you'll get \"I can say anything.\")\n5. Ask Cleverbot to do math problems. You might think that, because it's a computer program, Cleverbot would be able to do math problems almost instantly. In fact, for some reason, Cleverbot is terrible at doing math, even when the problems you ask it are very simple. It shouldn't take you long to get a confused response out of Cleverbot with this strategy. Sometimes, you'll even get different responses if you switch between using numerals and spelling each number out. For instance, asking \"What is 200 times 2?\" gets you the answer \"4,\" while asking \"What is two hundred times two?\" gets you the answer, \"A number.\"\n6. Talk to Cleverbot about supernatural things. Cleverbot doesn't have good old-fashioned human common sense, so it doesn't have a good grasp on what's real and what's not. Talking to Cleverbot about monsters, aliens, spirits, and other supernatural phenomena is likely to confuse it. You can also confuse it by bringing up some religious or spiritual topics, even if they're quite well-known. You can even use the subjects of modern-day ghost stories to the same effect. For instance, if you say, \"Have you ever been visited by Slenderman? \", Cleverbot will respond with, \"My life is a lie?!\"\n7. Talk to Cleverbot about famous people. Cleverbot knows nothing about politics or celebrity gossip. Asking Cleverbot about its opinion on a famous person or public figure will almost always confuse it. For example, asking, \"What do you think about Brad Pitt?\" will get the answer, \"I think he si (sic) a great president, he'll change the states.\" You may also want to try talking about the different things famous people have done — Cleverbot isn't terribly smart about these things either. For instance, typing in \"What do you think about the president's social policies?\" will get you: \"I think he isn't the president anymore.\"\n8. Talk to Cleverbot about other websites. Cleverbot does not understand other websites and will respond with something weird. Try talking about wikiHow and see what happens.\n\n\n## Confuse cleverbot with general strategies\n\n1. Talk with a lot of emotion. Cleverbot doesn't have a great grasp of the emotional context that is necessary to understand human communication. It will usually take everything you say literally. Because of this, Cleverbot isn't too \"clever\" when it comes to emotional questions and outbursts. Try typing a furious, rambling insult or tearfully asking for Cleverbot's forgiveness for some imagined slight — usually, its response won't make much sense.\n2. Talk in gibberish. One sure-fire way to get Cleverbot's wires crossed is to send it messages that don't make sense to humans, either. Typing in gibberish, either by purposefully misspelling words, making up new words, or just mashing randomly on the keyboard, can get some funny results. For instance, try the sample messages below:\n\t* \"Asuerycbasuircanys\" (random gibberish)\n\t* \"What is your opinion on the tornalions in reffriddo?\" (made-up words)\n\t* \"Wut arr ewe dewing laiter this eavning?\" (misspelled words)\n3. Use a lot of slang. Cleverbot doesn't have the common sense to be able to piece together sentences that use slang — especially modern slang. Using lots of colloquialisms and \"street\" lingo in your messages can usually get Cleverbot's metaphorical head to spin. The more slang you use, the better, as even literal-minded Cleverbot can usually figure out simple sentences like \"What's up, dog?\" Try getting started with one of these examples:\n\t* \"h0w 4r3 y0u d01n6, cl3v3rb07?\" (1337speak)\n\t* \"Yo, what's up, bro? Lemme ask you a question, broseph - how are you doing today, broheim?\" (Bro-y slang)\n\t* \"Well, pardner, it's about time we saddle up, hit that old dusty trail, and high-tail it out of here.\" (Cowboy slang)\n4. Use long messages. The longer and more complex the things you send to Cleverbot are, the less likely it will be to respond correctly. Typing out rambling, meandering messages (or even entire conversations) can get some pretty funny responses out of Cleverbot. Don't be afraid to stop one sentence and begin another — periods, question marks, and exclamation points are allowed in the middle of your message. For instance, you might want to have the same sort of long, aimless chat you might have when you're catching up with a friend. For instance, you might try: \"Cleverbot, how are you? I was just thinking about you. I hope you're doing well. I had a great weekend - I went hiking up on Castle Rock on Saturday. Beautiful views from the top. Have you ever been up there? We should go sometime. Anyway, I just wanted to know what you were up to.\"\n5. Keep your conversation going for a long time. The longer you follow a certain line of questioning, the more likely Cleverbot is to \"crack\". By the time you're ten or twelve messages into a conversation, Cleverbot has forgotten what you were originally talking about and is simply responding literally to each message as best as it can. This can lead to some pretty bizarre conversations, especially if Cleverbot misunderstands something you type. You may want to try using the \"Think For Me!\" button on Cleverbot.com for this. This button makes Cleverbot think up a response to its own message for you. Since Cleverbot is basically communicating with itself, using this button can quickly cause the conversation to devolve into nonsense, even if you only use it a few times.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to decorate an above ground pool?", + "input": "", + "output": "Above ground pools are a modern, easy-to-install alternative to traditional underground pools. If you want to blend your above ground pool in with the rest of your yard, decorating it is a great way to start. With a few natural and practical decorations, like plants or a pool chairs, you can make your above ground pool a stylish part of your backyard. For siding options, you can install a deck, concrete or wood paneling, or glass panels.\n\n## Add natural decorations\n\n1. Set up potted plants as botanical decorations. Adding potted plants around your above ground pool can help it blend in with the rest of your backyard. If you install a deck, position a few potted plants around the sides or around the bottom of the pool. You can also grow trees or shrubs around the above ground pool as a long-term alternative.\n2. Add tiki torches to brighten up the area surrounding your pool. Tiki torches are a popular way to give your above ground pool an outdoorsy touch. Stake the tiki torches in the ground surrounding the pool at an even distance from each other, positioning them upright to prevent them from tilting. You can buy tiki torches online, from a garden center, or at many home improvement stores. String lights around the tiki torches for cheap and stylish lighting while swimming at night.\n3. Use straw bales if you want a rustic siding. Straw bales can make a cheap, natural siding for above ground pools. Stack the straw bales around the sides to approximately halfway up the above ground pool's height to use as a decoration and partial step into the pool. You can buy straw bales from some agricultural supply stores or plant nurseries. To keep the straw out of the pool, do not stack the straw bales to the full height of the pool.\n\n\n## Choose practical decorations\n\n1. Set up a cover to use as shade. Put up an umbrella, trellis, or pergola over the pool during summer months or in hot, sunny climates. If you have any naturally shady areas in your yard, construct the pool near these areas as an alternative. A cover decoration can help keep your pool cooler and prevent those who use it from getting sunburned.\n2. Add cushions or chairs as seating near the pool. Seats are perfect for tired swimmers who need a quick rest. Set up a few lawn chairs, waterproof cushions, hammocks, or other seats below the pool or on the deck (if applicable) for easy access after you swim. You can buy pool chairs from some home decor stores or online.\n3. Put up a foldable cover over the top to keep your pool safe and clean. To prevent debris from getting inside the pool and accidents with children or pets, buy a foldable pool cover online or from a pool supply store. Use the foldable cover overnight or while going on vacations where you won't be able to routinely clean the pool. Pool covers are also useful during winter or off-season months if you don't want to drain it.\n4. Install a table near your pool for towels, snacks, and drinks. If you use your pool for lounging, use a table as a makeshift \"poolside bar\" or coffee table. Set the table up near the edge of your pool or deck, depending on your pool's siding. Unless you set your table up on the deck, choose a table with a similar height as your above ground pool.\n5. Set up lights or heat lamps around the pool for added illumination and warmth. If you plan to use your pool at night, position a few outdoor lamps surrounding the pool. For those in cold climates or who use their pool in the winter, choose heat lamps to stay warm while swimming.\n6. Fence your pool in to separate it from the rest of your yard. A fence can help your pool feel enclosed and keep pets or young children out. Measure the perimeter of your yard and put up a fence around the entire area with a gate near the entrance.\n\n\n## Build deck and side\n\n1. Install a deck around your pool's side for a more finished look. To help your pool blend in with the surrounding backyard, build a deck around the sides that is approximately level with the pool. You can build the deck yourself or hire a contractor to build it for you. Building a deck around the pool is the best way to give it the appearance of an underground pool. If you prefer, you can install a deck with wide sides around the above ground pool and set up chairs or other pool furniture\n2. Set up concrete siding around the pool to secure it in place. For a more urban look, mix a batch of concrete and set up a wall on each side of the pool. If you have experience working with concrete, you can do it yourself. If not, you can hire a landscaper instead. Concrete is sturdy and more weather-resistant than wood but isn't as natural looking.\n3. Try wood paneling as a simpler alternative to building a deck. If you like the rustic look of decks but don't want to commit to the cost or time, line up wood panels around the sides of the pool. Secure the panels in place with an outdoor wood adhesive and apply a sealant to protect it from UV rays and harsh weather. For water-resistant wood stains, try polyurethane varnish, exterior paint, or Danish oil. Wood paneling can give the above ground pool a more finished appearance without as much construction as decks.\n4. Set up glass panes around the edges for a finished look. To give your above ground pool a look similar to a below ground pool, try setting up glass paneling. Buy or cut glass panes the approximate width of your above ground pool and hire a contractor to fix them on top of the siding. Setting up glass panels works best with deck siding.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to change your profile picture on soundcloud?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Use a computer\n\n1. Open a browser on your computer. Navigate to https://soundcloud.com/.\n2. Log in to your account. Click Sign In at the top and enter your login details.\n3. Go to your profile. Click on your profile picture on the top navigation bar towards the right and select Profile.\n4. Hover over your profile picture and click Update image. This will open a file upload window.\n5. Select a new image. Choose a picture from the files on your computer. Click Open to select, or double-click on the image. The image will crop to the circle shown. The file size limit is 2MB\n\t* It's recommended to be at least 1000x1000 pixels\n6. Click Save Changes. Your new profile picture will appear on the left.\n\n\n## Use an ios device\n\n1. Open the SoundCloud app on your device. Look for an orange icon with a white cloud on your home screen, or search for \"soundcloud\" in your app menu. Tap the app to open it.\n2. Go to your collection. Tap the icon in the lower right that looks like 3 books on a shelf.\n3. Go to your profile. Tap on the 3 dots in the top right corner, then tap Your profile.\n4. Tap Edit profile. It's under your header with a pencil icon.\n5. Tap on your profile picture. It's on the left with a camera on top.\n6. Tap to select the image you would like to upload. Select from your phone's folders.\n7. Tap Save. The image will crop to a circle.\n\n\n## Use an android device\n\n1. Open a browser app on your device. Navigate to https://soundcloud.com/.\n2. Open the webpage as a desktop version. In Chrome and Firefox, tap the 3 vertical dots in the top right corner, then tick the box that says \"Desktop site\" or \"Request desktop site\".\n3. Log in to your account. Tap Sign In at the top and enter your login details.\n4. Go to your profile. Tap on your profile picture on the top navigation bar towards the right and select Profile.\n5. Edit your profile picture. Tap on the image, then tap Update image.\n6. Select a new image from the files on your device. Tap an image, then tap Done. Or, take a new photo by tapping Camera and taking a photo. The image will crop to a circle.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to deal with a bipolar person?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Help someone with bipolar disorder\n\n1. Watch for symptoms. If the person has already been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, then you may know all about the symptoms of this condition already. Bipolar disorder is characterized by periods of mania and depression. During manic phases, someone may seem to have boundless energy and during depressive phases, that same person might not get out of bed for days. Manic phases may be characterized by high levels of optimism or irritability, unrealistic ideas about one’s abilities, feeling energetic despite getting little sleep, speaking rapidly and going quickly from one idea to the next, not being able to concentrate, making impulsive or poor decisions, and even hallucinating. Depressive phases are characterized by hopelessness, sadness, emptiness, irritability, losing interest in things, fatigue, lack of concentration, appetite changes, weight changes, difficulty sleeping, feeling worthless or guilty, and considering suicide.\n2. Consider the differences in bipolar disorder types. Bipolar disorder is divided into four subtypes. These definitions can help mental health practitioners to identify the disorder whether the symptoms are mild or severe. The four subtypes are:\n\t* \n\t* Bipolar I Disorder. This subtype is characterized by manic episodes that last for seven days or that are severe enough that the person needs hospitalization. These episodes are followed by depressive episodes that last at least two weeks. Bipolar II Disorder. This subtype is characterized by depressive episodes followed by mild manic episodes, but these episodes are not severe enough to warrant hospitalization. Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (BP-NOS). This subtype is when someone has symptoms of bipolar disorder, but they do not meet the criteria for a bipolar I or II diagnosis. Cyclothymia. This subtype is when someone has had symptoms of bipolar disorder for two years, but the symptoms are mild.\n3. Communicate your concerns. If you think that someone may be suffering from bipolar disorder, then you should say something. When you approach the person, make sure that you do so from a standpoint of concern and not judgment. Remember that bipolar disorder is a mental illness and the person cannot control their behaviors. Try saying something like, “I care about you and I have noticed that you have been struggling lately. I want to you to know that I am here for you and I want to help.”\n4. Offer to listen. Someone with bipolar disorder may feel comforted by having someone who is willing to listen to how they are feeling. Make sure that the person knows that you are happy to listen if they want to talk. When you listen, do not judge the person or try to solve their problems. Just listen and offer some genuine encouragement. For example, you might say something like, “It sounds like you have been having a really hard time. I don’t know how you feel, but I care about you and I want to help you.”\n5. Make a doctor’s appointment. The person may be incapable of making an appointment for themselves due to the symptoms of bipolar disorder, so one way that you can help is by offering to make a doctor’s appointment. If the person is resistant to the idea of seeking help for the disorder, then do not try to force them. Instead, you may consider making an appointment for your the person to have a general health check-up and see if the person feels compelled to ask the doctor about the symptoms they have been having.\n6. Encourage the person to take prescribed medications. If the person has been prescribed medications to help control their bipolar symptoms, then make sure that they take those medications. It is common for people with bipolar disorder to stop taking their medications because they feel better or because they miss having manic phases. Remind the person that the medications are necessary and that stopping them may make things worse.\n7. Try to be patient. Even though there may be some improvement in the person’s bipolar disorder after a few months of treatment, recovering from bipolar disorder can take years. There may also be setbacks along the way, so try to be patient with your the person as they recover.\n8. Take time for yourself. Supporting someone who has bipolar disorder can take a large toll on you, so make sure that you take time for yourself. Make sure that you have some time away from the person every day. For example, you might go to an exercise class, meet a friend for coffee, or read a book. You may also consider seeking counseling to help you deal with the stress and emotional strain of supporting someone with bipolar disorder.\n\n\n## Deal with mania\n\n1. Be a calming presence. During a manic episode, a person with bipolar disorder may become over stimulated or irritated by long conversations or certain topics. Try to talk to the person in a calming way and avoid engaging in an argument or lengthy discussion about something. Try not to bring up anything that might trigger the person’s mania. For example, you might want to avoid asking about something that is stressful for the individual or a goal that the person has been trying to accomplish. Instead, talk about the weather, a TV show, or something else that is unlikely to stress the person.\n2. Encourage the person to get lots of rest. During a manic phase, the person may feel like they only need a few hours of sleep to feel rested. However, not getting enough sleep may make matters worse. Try to encourage the person to sleep as much as possible at night and to take naps during the day if needed.\n3. Go for walks. Taking walks with your the person during manic episodes can be a good way to help them use excess energy and provide a good opportunity for the two of you to talk as well. Try to invite the person to go on a walk with you once per day or at least a few times per week. Regular exercise can also help when someone is having symptoms of depression, so try to encourage exercise no matter what the person’s mood is like.\n4. Watch for impulsive behavior. During manic episodes, the person may be prone to impulsive behavior such as drug use, shopping in excess, or going on a long trip. Try to encourage the person to think a bit longer before making any major purchases or starting a new project when they are in the midst of a manic episode. If overspending is often an issue, then you might encourage the person to leave credit cards and extra cash at home when these episodes strike. If drinking or using drugs seems to intensify the situation, then you might encourage the person to avoid using alcohol or other substances.\n5. Try not to take comments personally. When someone is in the middle of a manic period, they may say hurtful things or try to start arguments with you. Try not to take these comments personally and do not engage in arguments with the person. Remind yourself that these comments are due to the illness and do not represent how the person really feels.\n\n\n## Deal with depression\n\n1. Suggest working towards a small goal. During a depressive episode, it may be hard for the person to accomplish large goals, so setting small manageable goals may help. Accomplishing a small goal may also help the person feel better. For example, if the person is complaining that she needs to clean her whole house, then you might suggest just tackling something small like a coat closet or bathroom.\n2. Encourage positive strategies for dealing with depression. When someone is depressed, it may be tempting to turn to negative coping mechanisms, such as alcohol, isolating oneself, or not taking medications. Instead, try to encourage the person to use positive coping mechanisms. For example, you can suggest calling their therapist, doing a little exercise, or engaging in a hobby when a depressive mood strikes.\n3. Provide genuine encouragement. Encouraging the person during depressive phases will help them to know that someone there cares. Make sure that you avoid making promises or relying on clichés when you encourage your friend or the person. For example, don’t say, “Everything will be fine,” “It’s all in your head,” or “When life give you lemons, make lemonade!”\n\t* Instead, say things like, “I care about you,” “I am here for you,” “You are a good person and I am happy that you are in my life.”\n4. Try to establish a routine. During depressive phases, the person may prefer to stay in bed, isolate themselves, or just watch TV all day. Do your best to help the person establish a daily routine so that they always have something to do. For example, you might establish a time for your the person to get up and shower, a time to go get the mail, a time to take a walk, and time to do something fun, like reading a book or playing a game.\n5. Watch for signs that the person may be suicidal. During depressive phases, people are more prone to thoughts of suicide. Make sure that you take any comments about suicide seriously. If the person is acting suicidal or indicating that they have plans to kill themselves and/or harm others, then call emergency services for help. Do not try to deal with someone who is suicidal or violent on your own.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to treat arthritis in horses?", + "input": "", + "output": "Arthritis is a painful joint problem that affects horses as well as humans. If your four-legged friend is suffering from the problem, supplements and medications can provide some relief from painful inflammation. Making lifestyle changes, like light exercise and farrier work, can also increase your horse’s comfort and quality of life. Since arthritis is almost impossible to stop, it is important to keep in touch with a veterinarian for advice on continued treatment.\n\n## Make lifestyle change\n\n1. Consult your veterinarian. A vet will need to examine your horse and assess the factors that might be contributing to its arthritis, including age, diet, and activity level. This will help them determine the right medication and lifestyle changes to prescribe your horse. Your vet may take x-rays to assess the severity of your horse’s arthritis and make further suggestions for treatment.\n2. Control the horse’s weight. If your horse is overweight, this will put additional strain on its joints, worsening pain and discomfort. Help your horse lower its weight, if necessary, then feed it a nutritious but lean diet to keep its weight down. Keeping an older horse nourished can be difficult because their nutritional needs and ability to digest food may change. Always ask your vet for advice before making major changes in your horse’s diet.\n3. Don’t keep your horse confined to the stable. Arthritic horses will probably be reluctant or unable to move like they once did. Keeping them indoors, however, will actually make the problem worse. Provide a large pasture for them to roam and graze about to keep the joints moving and prevent the horse from getting too stiff.Regular light exercise, such as trail riding, will be good for your horse, and limit the effects of arthritis.\n4. Talk to your farrier. The condition of a horse’s hooves and shoes are critical to its movement and comfort, and this is especially the case for one suffering from arthritis. Let your farrier know that the horse is having problems with arthritis, and they may make recommendations that will keep its hooves in good condition and make it more comfortable.\n\n\n## Try supplement and medications\n\n1. Give your horse feed supplements. A number of nutritional supplements are available, including glucosamine and hyaluronic acid. These can be given to your horse along with its food to help alleviate some of the symptoms of arthritis, like pain and stiffness. Look for feed supplements at a supply store, or ask your vet. Feed supplements are a simple option to try at first. However, they are not regulated, and they are not guaranteed to be effective. Ask your vet what they recommend for your horse based on the severity of your horse's issues\n2. Try injectable joint products. Some products, including polysulfated glycosaminoglycans (Adequan) and sodium hyaluronate (Legend) can be injected directly into the affected joint to give your horse some relief. A vet may also recommend injecting the joint with steroids or hyaluronic acid. These products can give immediate relief. In some cases, their benefits can last for months or years. Your vet will sterilize the area to be injected and inject the correct steroid and acid combination. Once you go down the road of injecting a joint, you will likely have to inject the same joint again in the future to keep your horse comfortable.\n3. Ask about joint projectants. Arthritis is caused by a combination of inflammation and degeneration (breaking down) at affected joints. In addition to the products that provide relief from painful inflammation, ones like glucosamine and chondroitin can help protect the joint itself from damage. Your vet can prescribe the right product for your horse.\n4. Supply pain relievers. Some products, including phenylbutazone and firocoxib, won’t treat the joint itself, but will provide your horse with some general pain relief. Your vet will prescribe these for your horse if they believe the medicine will improve the horse’s quality of life. Use painkillers as directed by your veterinarian. Giving pain medication more frequently than recommended or in too large a quantity can damage your horse’s gastrointestinal tract and cause kidney or liver failure.\n5. Expect the issue to progress over time. Medications can definitely help a horse be more comfortable, and caring well for your horse can increase its quality of life. However, it is almost impossible to repair the damage caused by arthritis. Over time, problems caused by arthritis will increase, so it is important to stay in touch with your vet about continued treatment.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to use amadeus software?", + "input": "", + "output": "Amadeus is an online tickets reservation and distribution program that is based in Madrid, Spain but sells airline tickets for various airlines around the world. You can also use Amadeus software to reserve tickets for other modes of transportation such as ferry and train or book hotel accommodation. The Amadeus program allows you to search its central database and view reports about various companies to help you analyze your options for travel.\n\n## Sign in\n\n1. Go to the Amadeus login page using your Internet browser.\n2. Type in the username and password that was provided by your account manager.\n3. Tick the box to store password if you don't want to type your login information every time you need to sign in. Otherwise you can leave the box unchecked.\n4. Press the OK button to sign in and go to the search page.\n\n\n## Use the search page\n\n1. Use the search page to find information about travel and accommodation companies or to get a list of companies that match your criteria. The menu bar at the left has 2 search options available, namely \"Quick search\" and \"Expert search.\" You can search according to the following criteria on Quick search. Company name: enter the full or partial name of the company you want to find. Ticket: enter a ticket number. Location: allows you to search by country. Industry: provide the type of services that the company should provide. Size: lets you choose the size of the companies filtered by number of employees or sales. Company type/Ownership: choose whether the company should be public or privately owned.\n2. Use the Expert search if you want to do a more specific search of the Amadeus database. The Expert search gives you the following additional options. Stock exchange: see the stock market trends of companies. Legal form: view the company's legal history. Board members: see who the members of the board are. Year of incorporation: find out when the company was established as a corporation.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to get a special needs child through airport security?", + "input": "", + "output": "Travelling with children is always a challenge, as you need to navigate everything from noisy crowds to boredom to hunger. These difficulties may be even more pronounced with a disabled child. However, with some planning and careful consideration, you can stop or mitigate many potential problems, and get through the airport with minimal difficulty.\n\n## Before get to security\n\n1. Consider any problems that your child may have. Every disability is different, so of course, every disabled child will have different problems. Your child may have a physical disability and require some help getting through security, or they may have a developmental disability such as autism and be hypersensitive to noises and being touched. Make a list of the issues your child might have when getting through airport security. For example, if your child was distracted or overwhelmed, would they be the type to either wander or run away, or would they have a meltdown if put into an uncomfortable situation? If your child is old enough to understand what's happening and is aware of what problems they already have, try asking them what they think would cause them trouble at the airport. A child with sensory issues, for example, may say that they'd become overwhelmed by all the new stimulus and end up having severe trouble getting through security on their own. If you've traveled long distances with your child before, even if it wasn't by plane, consider any issues your child had in the past. For example, if you went on a long car trip with your child and stopped somewhere for a break, did they get upset by all the people there?\n2. Contact the airport ahead of time. Some travelers with disabilities find it useful to notify the airport, so that they can arrange any assistance ahead of time. This step is optional, and can depend on the type of your child's disability. If you do contact the airport, though, try to contact them at least 72 hours beforehand.\n3. Talk to your child about airport security. If they know what will happen, they are more likely to stay calm and be comfortable with the process. Library books, social stories, movies, and personal anecdotes can help describe the process. Try to find child-friendly material that has photos or illustrations of airport security. That way, they can visualize what they will experience.\n4. Explain that additional screenings might happen. Sometimes, people get randomly selected to go through additional security. Tell them how it works, so that if it happens, they know that it's normal and okay.\n5. Pack comfort objects in easily-accessible areas. Try placing them at the top of a backpack or bag, or in a separate pocket of a personal bag. Non-liquid snacks, such as pretzels or crackers, should also be easy to reach. Consider stim toys as well. Any comfort objects will need to be scanned. They may need to let it go through the scanner, or the personnel may let them carry it with them, depending on the object. If it goes through the scanner with your bags, explain that the comfort object is having an adventure in the tunnel, and they'll come out the other side soon.\n6. Bring plenty of things to do in the airport and airplane. Arriving early will help, so you may be waiting at the terminal for some time. Consider coloring books, phone games, picture books, chapter books, videos, and more. Make sure that the activity isn't something noisy that would disturb others, though; leave extremely loud toys at home if possible, and lower the volume on a child's electronic toys or give them headphones to plug into that toy. Download several movies or videos onto a tablet on the day before. Start early, in case they download slowly. Older children may be able to entertain themselves with laptops. There are also adult coloring books they can use. Bring chargers for any devices. Some waiting areas have charging stations, so you might be able to charge electronics before your flight.\n7. Pack sensory items for a hypersensitive child. Earplugs, sunglasses, headphones (noise-canceling or otherwise), hoodies, weighted lap pads, and stim toys can help with an overwhelming environment. Encourage your child to be proactive and stim a lot; it's better to be overly cautious than have a screaming meltdown or shutdown. Encourage your child to avoid disruptive stims at the airport. Make sure they understand that things like flapping, rocking, and so forth are okay, but that it might be better to avoid louder or more movement-oriented stims such as echolalia, spinning, or pacing. Stimming in and of itself isn't bad for your child to do, but it's important to avoid disrupting other people or slowing down their process of getting through security when doing so.\n\n\n## Go through security\n\n1. Arrive at the airport early. You do not want to be rushing through every airport procedure; this is likely to upset your child, and stress you out. A general rule of most airports is that you should allow yourself at least two hours to get through security; depending on your child, you may want to arrive earlier than that. Make sure your child has things to do during the ride there. Some airports, such as LAX, can take a long time to commute to. You don't want a bored child sitting in the car while you're driving.\n2. Expect your child's abilities to waver. With the stress and crowds, your child may have a hard time, and not be as capable as they usually are. Your child may move more slowly, struggle with skills like talking or self-calming, and temporarily \"revert\" to younger behavior (especially if they have a developmental disability). Be patient, and accommodate your child's extra needs. Remember, this is temporary, and they'll go back to normal once they can unwind. They aren't doing it on purpose. Be especially careful if your child is epileptic and is prone to seizures. Sometimes, the stress and excitement of the airport can cause your child to have a seizure.\n3. Keep your child in the loop. Since airports are likely new to your child, it's important to make sure your child understands what's going on. Explain each step as it comes up. Preparing a picture schedule may be useful.\n4. Consider taking the family through the special needs TSA line. Many airports have a short line for passengers with disabilities, so there is less waiting involved. Also, it makes it clear that your family might need some extra patience and assistance.\n5. Make sure your child is occupied in lines. Oftentimes, you'll need to wait in long lines to get to airport security, unless you're able to access a security pre-check line. If you can't use a pre-check line, you're going to need to make sure that your child doesn't get bored, overstimulated, or wander off while waiting.\n6. Alert the TSA officers of your child's disability. Once you've arrived at airport security, it's important to let the TSA officers know that you are traveling with a disabled child, especially if it's not immediately obvious (e.g. your child is physically disabled, but doesn't use a wheelchair or walking device). Talk to the TSA officers that are there and discuss how to best help your child through airport security. Some examples of disability accommodation are:\n\t* Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (autism, Down Syndrome, etc.) can be permitted to stay with the person or people they're traveling with, rather than getting separated. Blind or visually impaired children can be assisted through security. Deaf and hard of hearing children do not have to remove hearing aids or cochlear implants, and can proceed through security like normal. Physically disabled children that require a device to move around will not be removed from their device. For example, if your child is in a wheelchair, TSA agents will not lift the child out of their chair to get them through security. A child with a prosthetic limb can get a private screening of their prosthetic if necessary, or have the prosthetic removed and put through the X-ray machine. However, you should only remove the prosthetic if your child is okay with it. In the case of any disabled child, you may be permitted to carry your child through security if it will make the process easier on your child. However, this may only be feasible with smaller, lighter children. Be sure to let the agents know if your child has a special device for their disability that may set off the metal detector.\n7. Understand that your child may have to go through additional screening. Sometimes, things don't go as planned, and your child will need to undergo more screening. This can include a pat-down, which can be very upsetting to some disabled children. If you're permitted to, stay with your child during the process, and ask the TSA agent to warn your child of anything they're going to do in language that's possible for your child to understand.\n8. Make sure child has list of any medications, and a letter signed by a doctor. Put this list with child's medications in a small tote bag with a zipper, in the same bag. The medications must also be in a plastic ziplock sealed bag. Medications are often not questioned if they are in pill form.\n9. Carry a necklace with an I.D. tag or medical bracelet around the child and have them wear that so it is visible for the attendant to see. This can help cut out all the unnecessary verbal explanations about your child. You can also inform the officers, but the less the better when it comes to airline officials. If they have a shirt about their disability, like \"Autistic Cutie!\" or \"Diva with Down Syndrome,\" have them wear it. Script a quick explanation, such as \"My daughter has Down Syndrome and can be frightened in crowds and new situations. Holding her bunny helps keep her calm.\"\n10. Make it clear who is looking after the child. If there are several adults in the group, you don't want each person to think that someone else is looking after the child. It can help to explicitly assign someone to the child for each leg of the trip. One teen or adult should walk at the back of the group, to make sure that no one lags too far behind and gets lost.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to change a diaper?", + "input": "", + "output": "Changing diapers is often a source of dread, fear, and humor for new parents and caregivers. Babies and toddlers who are not potty trained need to have their diapers changed every few hours to avoid rashes and discomfort. Create a diaper changing station so you can easily change disposable or cloth diapers at a moment's notice.\n\n## Remove the diaper and clean the baby\n\n1. Wash your hands. Before you change the diaper, wash your hands with soapy water. If you don't have access to a sink, you can rub hand sanitizer on your hands. If you don't have hand sanitizer, you can rub a clean baby wipe on your hands. If you work in a daycare, put on disposable gloves after washing your hands.\n2. Prepare the clean diaper. Place the baby on the changing surface and get out a new diaper. If you're using a disposable diaper, unfold it. If you're using a cloth diaper, fold it or stuff it with an absorbent insert depending on the style of diaper you have. Set the diaper to the side so it's ready once you've removed the dirty diaper. Many people place the clean diaper directly under the dirty diaper before you remove it, to catch any accidents that occur during changing. Just keep in mind, the clean diaper can get dirty, so you may need to use a second one if that happens.\n3. Unfasten and remove the dirty diaper. Pull away the tabs, snaps, or Velcro from the dirty diaper to unfasten it. Pull down the front part of the dirty diaper and gently lift the baby's legs up a little. If the diaper is wet, slide the back of the dirty diaper out from under the baby's bottom. If there is poop, use the front half of the dirty diaper to scoop as much of it off the baby as you can. Set the dirty diaper aside until you can fold it. Hold the baby’s legs in one hand so that their bottom is in the air to avoid letting it touch the diapering surface. Ensure that you put the dirty diaper out of the baby's reach. If you’re changing a baby boy who pees during diaper changes, consider laying a clean cloth or baby wipe over his penis while you change him.\n4. Wipe the baby's bottom with a wipe or a damp cloth. Take a baby wipe or damp cloth and wipe the baby's genitals from front to back (towards the bottom). Cleaning is important to prevent bacterial infections. To clean poop, you'll probably need several wipes to ensure the baby is clean. Gently lift your baby's legs by the ankles and wipe in between the baby's bottom. Ensure that there's no poop around the baby's genitals or along the creases of their thighs.\n5. Air dry the skin for a moment. You can prevent diaper rashes by keeping your baby's bottom clean and dry. Give the baby's bottom a few seconds to dry out before you put on the clean diaper. If your baby has a rash, apply diaper cream or petroleum jelly before you put the new diaper on. If you're using cloth diapers, you'll need to lay a disposable insert in the center of the diaper. The insert will keep the diaper cream from touching the cloth diaper which could damage it.\n\n\n## Put on the clean disposable diaper\n\n1. Lay the clean diaper under the baby. Grab the opened clean diaper and lay the back half of it underneath the baby. The diaper should be near the baby's waist. If you're changing a boy's diaper, point his penis down to direct any urine into the new diaper. Pull the front half of the clean diaper up onto the baby's stomach. Ensure that your baby doesn't bunch their legs or the diaper might be uncomfortable. Try to spread the baby's legs so the diaper will fit comfortably. If you're changing a newborn diaper, use a newborn diaper that leaves room for the umbilical cord stump. Or fold over the front of the diaper so you don't cover it.\n2. Fasten the diaper. Hold the front of the diaper in place with one hand. Use your other hand to pull the tabs on each side of the diaper and fold them up towards the front. Fasten them onto the diaper so the diaper is secured to the baby. Avoid fastening the diaper too tightly. Check to see if the diaper is too tight. If it is, the skin will look pinched or red. You should also ensure that the tabs aren't sticking to the baby's skin.\n3. Dress the baby and throw away the disposable diaper. Pull the onesie down and snap it closed or put the baby in a new outfit. Set the baby in a safe place while you fold the dirty disposable diaper. Throw it in the trash or in the odor-sealing canister. To fold the dirty diaper, fold the front part of the dirty diaper in half towards the back of the diaper to make a slight ball shape. Fasten both of the tabs in the center of the diaper to contain it.\n4. Wash your hands. If you are wearing gloves, remove and dispose of them. Then, wash your hands with warm water and antibacterial soap. Aim to scrub your hands for at least 20 seconds. Rinse them thoroughly, then dry them off.\n\n\n## Put on and handle cloth diapers\n\n1. Position the clean diaper under the baby. Take the prepared cloth diaper and lay the back half of it underneath your baby so it's near your baby's waist. If you're changing a boy's diaper, you can prevent leaks by pointing his penis down. Grab the front half of the diaper and pull it up onto the baby's stomach. Spread the baby's legs so the diaper won't bunch while you're fastening it. If you're changing a newborn diaper, ensure that you're using the smallest cloth diapers. You'll probably need to fold them specially so they don't rub against the umbilical cord stump.\n2. Secure the diaper. Hold the front of the diaper in place with one hand. Use your other hand to hook a T-shaped fastener or a two-pronged fastener onto the front of the diaper. Some cloth diapers use snaps that you simply snap into place or Velcro that you can just pull and press down on. Dress the baby before you handle the dirty cloth diaper. If you're using diaper pins, put a few of your fingers under the diaper and above the baby's skin to so you don't accidentally poke the baby.\n3. Store the dirty cloth diaper. If you're handling a poopy diaper, take it to the bathroom and dump as much of the poop into the toilet as possible. You can use a diaper sprayer to remove larger amounts of poop. Place the dirty diaper and any dirty cloth wipes into a diaper pail or hanging wet bag. Wash the cloth diapers according to the manufacturer's instructions. If you're changing a poopy diaper from an exclusively breastfed baby, you don't need to dump the poop in the diaper. It will dissolve in the washing machine.\n4. Clean your hands. Remove your gloves and throw them away, if applicable. Wash your hands using antibacterial soap and warm, running water for at least 20 seconds. After thoroughly rinsing your hands, dry them off.\n\n\n## Gather diaper supply\n\n1. Choose an area to change your baby's diaper. Set up 1-2 diaper changing spaces in easy-to-access spaces in your home. For example, you could set up a changing table in the nursery, your bedroom, or near a bathroom. If you don't want to use a changing table, you can easily change the baby's diaper on a comfortable flat surface (like a bed or on the floor). Choose convenient diaper changing areas based on where your family spends the most time. It's a good idea to pack a diaper bag or backpack with some diapering supplies. Keep the diaper bag in the changing area so you can stock it and then grab the bag when you need to leave the house.\n2. Organize the changing area. You might need more than just a diaper and some wipes to change the baby. Keep things organized and easy to find by using dividers, containers, and small baskets. This way you know right where something is if you need it quickly. For example, it will help to have a drawer or basket that has extra pajamas or pacifiers if your baby needs a change in the middle of the night.\n3. Stock up on diapers and wipes. Newborn babies can go through 8 to 10 diapers a day, so keep a lot of clean ones nearby. They should be easy to reach so you don't have to step away from your baby during the diaper change. You'll also need to keep wipes nearby to wipe your baby's bottom. If you're constantly refilling the diapers at your diaper changing station, consider leaving a new box of diapers in the same room. This way, you'll never be completely out.\n4. Store diaper cream or petroleum jelly. Babies frequently get rashes and you might need to apply diaper cream or petroleum jelly. Keep tubes of these at your diaper changing area so you can easily use them when you notice a rash. It's also a good idea to keep these in your diaper bag so you can treat your baby's rash when you're out together.\n5. Have a place to put soiled diapers. Decide how you'd like to dispose of or handle the soiled diapers. For example, if you're using disposable diapers, set up a trash can or odor-sealing canister. If you're using cloth diapers, you may want to set up a wet pail where you can store the diapers until you're ready to wash them. It's a good idea to keep hand sanitizer nearby to quickly clean your hands before you wash them in the bathroom. Remember to keep the hand sanitizer out of your baby's reach.\n6. Keep distractions nearby. As the baby gets older, you'll need to distract them during diaper changes. Distracting the baby with a toy, object, or book will also keep the baby from grabbing soiled diapers or squirming during the diaper change. Consider keeping some of these near your diaper changing station:\n\t* Small board books\n\t* Pacifiers\n\t* Toy keys\n\t* Rattles\n7. Store changes of clothing and extra sheets. If your baby has leaked through their diaper, you'll need to have a change of clothes close by. Keep several clean onesies at the changing area just in case. You should also have a few sets of clean crib sheets in case these get dirty. If your changing table has a soft, removable cover, you should also have an extra clean cover in case the baby gets the cover dirty during the diaper change.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to drill at an angle?", + "input": "", + "output": "Drilling at an angle can seem difficult, but don't worry, there's several methods you can use to create angled holes. You can try some basic tricks if you don't need your angles to be too exact. Otherwise, try building an angled jig with a piece of wood for your hand drill, or creating an angled jig that fits onto the plate of your drill press.\n\n## Use basic trick for imprecise angle\n\n1. Use a speed square to gauge your angle for quick drill jobs. A speed square is a right-triangle shaped tool that has angles marked along the hypotenuse (the long side). Use the angles on the edge to guide your drilling. Set the speed square right next to the hole you're drilling. Line up the drill so the top is along the flat side of the speed square. It will almost look like you're drilling into the right angle. Line up the angle markings on the hypotenuse with the center line down the top of the drill. Drill down into the wood at that angle.\n2. Cut a guide from scrap wood to keep the same angle for several holes. Measure the angle you need on a flat piece of scrap wood that's at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) thick. Cut the wood at that angle using a hand saw or radial saw. To cut the wood at an angle, mark the angle along the edge. Use a handsaw to go along that angle. If you're using a radial saw, set it to the angle you need before cutting. Set the wood down where you need to drill. Lay the drill along the angle, and use the wood to guide the drill while pushing into the wood. Make sure to hold on tight to the guiding piece of wood while drilling.\n3. Start with pilot holes to create angled pocket holes. Another option is to drill straight down into the wood to create small pilot holes. You only need to go down about 0.5 inches (1.3 cm). Pull the drill out. Start drilling again with the drill angled straight down into the pilot holes you've created, and then tilt it to the angle you need as you go in the hole. Pocket holes are what you use to connect 2 pieces of wood at an angle. The angle doesn't need to be precise, so you don't need to measure it. Aim for about a 45° angle, and you should be fine. This method helps keep the drill bit from breaking.\n\n\n## Employ an angle jig\n\n1. Create your own angled jig with a piece of wood. Make this tool using a radial saw and a scrap piece of wood. Use a radial saw and set it to the angle of the hole that you need to drill into your wood. For example, if you need it set to 30 degrees, then set the radial saw to 30 degrees. \"Jig\" literally just means something that holds your work or guides your tools. Use your radial saw to cut the wood at an angle.\n2. Add a pilot hole to the angled jig by drilling into the angled edge. Drill into the angled part of the wood so that the drill is perpendicular to the wood. This will create the perfect angle for drilling into other pieces of wood. Drill all the way through the wood to make the pilot hole.\n3. Position the wood on your workbench to drill. Place the piece of wood that you need to drill into on your workbench. Put the angled jig over the flat piece. You should see the pilot hole you drilled in the angled part. Clamp the jig into place on top of the other piece of wood. If the jig isn't flat along the top, you can saw off the top edge to make it flat. Then you'll be able to clamp it to the other piece of wood.\n4. Drill through the jig into the wood below to create holes in your project. Next, place the drill bit through the pilot hole. Start drilling, using the pilot hole as a guide. Push down into the piece underneath, creating an angled hole. Once you know how deep you want to go for each pilot hole you're creating in your project, apply a stop collar to the drill to keep yourself from going deeper. The stop collar goes over the drill bit at the place you want to stop. A stop collar is a little metal ring that you can buy at any home improvement store. Move the jig around to each spot you need to drill a hole.\n\n\n## Create an angle jig for a drill press\n\n1. Cut a piece of plywood to fit your drill press plate. Use a table saw to cut the piece down to size, making it perfectly rectangular. It should fit easily on top of your drill press plate, though keep it mind you will angle it up towards the drill. You can trace the drill press plate to get an idea for the size you'll need. You can use scrap plywood for this project, but it should be sturdy enough so that it doesn't bend when you're drilling down towards it.\n2. Add a fence to the front of the piece of plywood. Screw a small piece of wood onto the front of the plywood. The front is whatever part will be facing up on the drill press plate. The wood should be almost the length of the plywood and 0.5 to 1 in (1.3 to 2.5 cm) thick. When looking at the plywood as you face the drill press, this piece should run from top to bottom 2 to 3 inches (5.1 to 7.6 cm) from the left edge. Some fences also run from left to right 2 to 3 inches (5.1 to 7.6 cm) from the bottom instead. A fence helps you keep your project in place.\n3. Screw a piece of wood to the back of the plywood to create the angle. The bracing piece of wood should be 1 in (2.5 cm) wide or so, but the height of the wood to the press plate will be determined by the angle you want. Measure the angle, and cut the piece of wood so that it will prop the plywood up to that angle. For instance, if you want a 45° angle, the piece you cut for the back would need to be taller than if you wanted a 30­° angle. Screw down from the front part of the plywood into the back brace. Use at least 1 screw on each end to hold it in place.\n4. Brace the jig against a piece of clamped wood. Clamp a long piece of wood to the back of the drill press plate. Attach c-clamps on each end. Now you can push the jig up against this piece of wood so it doesn't slide around.\n5. Drill your holes into your project. Place your project piece on the jig up against the fence. Bring the drill down and drill holes into the piece where you need them. If your piece is moving around too much, clamp it into place against the fence. Now you can drill the same angle each time with precision.\n6. Adjust the jig as needed. You don't need to make a new jig for each angle you need. Rather, just add an extra piece of wood to the back brace to extend the length. Overlap the 2 pieces of wood, and tightly clamp them into place on each end. Measure to see if you have the angle you need by placing a speed square alongside it. If you don't have the correct angle, unclamp the extra piece of wood. Adjust the wood and clamp it back into place.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to do the charleston?", + "input": "", + "output": "The Charleston is a medium- to fast-tempo dance that originated in the 20s. It was renowned for being the first social dance one could do without a partner. There are several versions of Charleston, the most popular being the 20s and 30s Charleston. The Charleston is a highly adaptable move that can be incorporated into a wide variety of dances, but the basic movement is the same.\n\n## Master the basic move\n\n1. Take a rock step back with your left foot. Touching the front of your foot to the floor, but not bringing your heel down. Don’t fully shift your weight to this foot. When doing the Charleston, lean forward slightly and bend your knees a little. Keep your weight on the balls of your feet. A rock step, also called a break step, refers to a rocking step in which one’s weight is very briefly transferred to another foot before being returned to the first. The only time when you might begin with your right foot is if you are following a partner. When two people dance the Charleston together, the leader starts by stepping back on the left foot, while the follower starts by stepping back on the right, mirroring the leader.\n2. Step back forward with your left foot. It should now be a step ahead of your right foot. This time, shift your weight to your left foot.\n3. Take another rock step forward with your right foot. Put the heel of your foot on the ground without bringing your whole foot down. Your weight should end up on your left foot still.\n4. Step back with your right foot. It should now be a step behind your left foot. Shift your weight back onto your right foot.\n5. Swing your arms as you step. As you move, your arms should be swinging. This may happen automatically, especially if you’ve seen people do the Charleston before and know what it’s supposed to look like. When your left foot is in front of you, your right arm should swing forward. When your right foot is in front of you, your left arm should swing forward.\n6. Repeat this movement. It probably won’t look terribly impressive on its own, but the back, forward, forward, back motion is the building block for every variation on the Charleston. Practice until it feels natural. Then you’ll be ready to start mixing things up.\n\n\n## Do the 20s charleston\n\n1. Get comfortable with the basic move. All the variations of the Charleston start with being able to do the basic step. Practice until it becomes second nature.\n2. Twist your feet in and out. Keep your weigh on the balls of your feet. On every step, the heel of the foot your have your weight on should twist out and then in again.\n3. Lift your elbows as you swing your arms. This is basically an exaggerated version of the arm swing. As always, your left arm should swing forward when your right foot is ahead of your body, and your right arm should swing forward when your left foot is in front of your body. Your arms should be bent at about a 90 degree angle. The elbow of the arm that is swinging back should come to shoulder height, and the forearm of the arm that is swinging forward should be parallel to the ground.\n4. Pivot your knees in and out. One common move used with the Charleston involves opening and closing your knees at the same time as crossing and uncrossing your arms. This may be the most well-known Charleston move. Begin with your knees bent and touching each other, with your arms crossed over them, so that your right hand is on your left knee, and your left hand is on your right now. Spread your knees apart while simultaneously uncrossing your arms, so that you end up with your left hand on your left knee, and your right hand on your right knee. #\\*Repeat this move a few times.\n\n\n## Do the 30s charleston\n\n1. Get comfortable with the basic move. All the variations of the Charleston start with being able to do the basic step. Practice until it becomes second nature.\n2. Replace a normal step with a kick step. This will add a little pep to the move. Instead of simply stepping forward, bring your knee up and kick your foot out. Your knee should come up first, propelling your foot forward a moment later. If you would not be transferring your weight to that foot anyway for this step, just swing it back again without letting it touch the ground. Otherwise, plant it back on the ground after the kick.\n3. Add a hitch as you move your leg back. Instead of simply stepping back after a kick, incorporate a hitch into the movement. Bring your knee back up, so that your upper leg is parallel to the ground, before kicking your foot back again.\n4. Touch the ground with your hand. This adds slightly more difficulty and flare. As your leg swings back and the ball of your foot touches the ground, lean forward and tap the ground with the tips of the fingers of your opposite hand.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to be happy in an unhappy marriage?", + "input": "", + "output": "People remain in unhappy marriages for many reasons. If you're one of those people, you may feel like you can't be happy. Nonetheless, you can find your own way to happiness, even in a bad situation, by practicing habits that lead to happiness, and you may even be able to work on your marriage to move toward happiness as a couple.\n\n## Learn to be happy\n\n1. Find ways to be grateful. It's not always easy to be grateful, especially in the midst of a bad relationship. Nonetheless, gratitude can help you cope with the bad relationship, and it can lead to you being happier. Take time each day to figure out what you are thankful for. Try writing a few things you are grateful for each day in a journal. You can also use posts on social media for this purpose. Usually, even if the situation is bad, you can find something to be grateful about. For instance, you may not like how you are being treated in the relationship you are in, but you may be grateful to have financial stability in your life at the moment. Alternatively, maybe you're grateful that the other person in the relationship remains a good parent to your kids.\n2. Engage in flow experiences. Flow moments are when you lose yourself to an experience by being completely absorbed in whatever it is you're doing. If you're an artist, a writer, or even a runner, you may already understand this type of experience. It's that moment when the world falls away, and you are just experiencing or enjoying what you're doing. Studies have shown that the more flow moments you have, the happier you are in general. Choose an activity that challenges you a little bit, but that is still familiar so that you can lose yourself in it. For example, if you enjoy painting landscapes, then you might try painting a new subject such as a portrait or a basket of fruit.\n3. Stop fighting the same fights. That is, if you always find yourself arguing about the same things, it may be time to put that topic aside. You need to decide that you won't discuss it because you can't agree or try to find a compromise that works for both of you. For example, if you tend to fight over politics, then you might want to make politics an off-limits topic. Or, if you often fight about what movie you are going to watch on Friday nights, then you might want to take turns choosing the movie.\n4. Develop your own interests. If your marriage is not what you want it to be, it may be time to find some fulfillment outside of your marriage and not in the form of an affair. Having your own hobbies and interests will help you stay independent and keep you happy and engaged with the world. In fact, developing your own interests is a good idea even if you have a great marriage. Consider exploring interests at the library, joining local hobby clubs or cookery classes, or taking a vocational class at a nearby community college.\n5. Try volunteering. Having a sense of purpose and some good social connections with other people is also a good way to feel happy. Volunteering can give you a sense of purpose in life and it also allows you to interact with other like-minded people, it might help you to feel happier. Try to find an organization that you would like to contribute to, such as an animal shelter or a food bank, and apply to become a volunteer. You might even ask your spouse if he or she would like to volunteer with you and it might be a good bonding activity for the two of you.\n6. Develop your social life. Many studies point to relationships being key to happiness. If your main relationship is unhappy, then you may not see how you can change your situation. Your spouse doesn't have to be your main source of social interactions. You can have fulfilling relationships with friends, as well as other members of your family. Try to go out to dinner with friends one night per week or get together with a sibling or cousin for a day of shopping or a activity session such as tennis or swimming. If you don't have a lot of friends, then try to meet more people who share your interests. For example, you could join a bowling league, take an art class, or find a choir or band who need new members.\n\n\n## Work towards a better marriage\n\n1. Take time to be together. Making time for each other is a way to say you are committed to each other. Say you will spend a certain time each week with each other, and stick to it. It will also give you a chance to get to know one another again.\n2. Remember what you valued. When you first got together, you were probably partially attracted by the differences the other person exhibited. For instance, maybe you were exhilarated by the fact that he or she was impulsive and loved to be spontaneous. Now, you may find yourself hating the quality. The key is to try to remember why you loved that quality in the first place and move toward enjoying it again. For instance, it may drive you crazy when your spouse wants to drop everything and drive to the mountains. On the other hand, it keeps your life from getting too boring. Try to strike a balance, and enjoy what you can.\n3. Talk about strengths and difficulties. It is important to acknowledge what is going well in your relationship as well as what has become a struggle. You might even want to make a list of strengths and difficulties together. Make sure that you include things on the list that you avoid talking about because of fears that you will just end up fighting about them. Try to pick a time to talk about your strengths and difficulties when you are both feeling calm and focused. Avoid talking at the end of a long day or at other stressful times. Use \"I\" statements rather than \"You\" statements. In other words, try to talk about what you're feeling and what you think is wrong without blaming the other person. For instance, saying \"I get upset when we don't spend enough time together\" is better than \"You're never around.\" The second statement puts your spouse on guard, while the first helps open discussion. Spend time talking and listening. That is, you can't just lay out what you think is wrong. You also need to spend time actively listening to what your spouse has to say. Show you're engaged by offering short summaries of what he or she has said and by asking questions that are relevant to the conversation.\n4. Work out solutions. Once you've figured out together what issues you have in the marriage, it's time to try to come up with some solutions. You may even be able to draw on some of your strengths to help you develop solutions to problems in your relationships. To compromise, you must talk about your wants and needs, helping you both to decide what's most important to each of you. In other words, to make a compromise, you must be willing to let the other person win when it comes to their needs, giving ground when it comes in conflict with your wants. The same must be true of the other person.\n5. Think about counseling. Sometimes, you need the help of a professional to get past your problems. A marriage counselor may help you fix more problems than you expect, and in fact, about half of people who use marriage counselors say that the counselor helped them fix all of the major problems in their marriage.\n\n\n## Consider the alternative\n\n1. Try legal separation. A legal separation gives you the time away from your spouse that you may need to work out problems. It is different than a divorce because you remain married. The benefit of a separation is it gives you a legal way to work out custody and child support while you are living apart, as well as how your property should be divided up. Nonetheless, if you work out your problems, you can go back to a normal marriage.\n2. Know divorce may be a better option. While getting a divorce is a life upheaval, staying in an unhealthy marriage can be detrimental to self-esteem and mental health. Some studies have shown it's better to get out of a caustic relationship and work to improve your own mental health than to stay. Understand an unhappy marriage can lead to depression. One study, which involved data from 5,000 adults, showed that the quality of your most important relationship is a good predictor of developing depression. Meaning, if one of your closest relationships, including your spousal one, is in bad repair, it puts you at risk for developing depression.\n3. Consider reasons to divorce. You may find that you have a good reason for getting a divorce. If you are unhappy in your marriage, you will likely find that you are a happier person once you get out. You might consider a divorce if your spouse had an affair. While some couples overcome infidelity, others never recover from it. If you find that you can't forgive your spouse for what he or she did even after months or years, you may want to consider a divorce. You've grown in different ways. Sometimes, when you grow into full-fledged adults together, you take different directions. If you find you and your spouse can't agree on much of anything anymore because you are just too different, it may be best to divorce. Your partner is bad at finances and won't change. Of course, everyone makes bad money choices sometimes. However, if your partner is so bad that it is causing stress on your marriage or is bankrupting your family, you may need to get out of the marriage, especially if you've expressed concern but your spouse is unwilling to change. Think about the kids. Many unhappily married couples stay together for the kids. Divorce is hard on kids, but it's also true that being unhappily married can be hard on your kids, as well. Your kids know you're unhappy, and if you're constantly fighting, you're putting stress on them, anyway.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to lighten up your bikini areas?", + "input": "", + "output": "For all kinds of reasons, some people develop pigmentation in the bikini areas. However, it doesn't have to be a permanent issue. There are a variety of effective, lasting ways to address it. By safely lightening these regions, your skin can have a beautiful, even tone in the bikini areas once again.\n\n## Lighten the bikini areas with home remedy\n\n1. Use Papaya Soap. Papaya soap is natural and using it regularly will help to lighten the skin. Use it at least twice a day, once in the morning and once at night, until you see results. Keep your skin moisturized because it can dry out your skin. You can also mash up a chunk of ripe papaya, and apply a big dollop on the areas. Leave it on for 30 minutes and then wash it off. In a couple of week's time, you should see significant lightening.\n2. Apply glycolic or salicylic acid acne pads. These two ingredients are the lightening agents used for acne treatments and can also be used for this purpose. Dab a pad on the areas and then get into the shower. Let the steam sink in for a couple minutes and wash off. Don't do this treatment immediately after shaving, however, as it could irritate it.\n3. Use a lemon juice, yogurt mix. Mix juice from 1/4 lemon into a tablespoon of yogurt, and apply to the area. It acts as a mild bleaching solution that will safely lighten it. Apply aloe vera gel afterwards to keep your skin moist and hydrated. Don't do this treatment immediately after shaving, however, as it could irritate it.\n4. Apply almond paste. Soak several almonds for 24 hours. Then slide the skins off, and add a couple drops of milk to make a paste. Put on the bikini areas, and leave on for an hour. Wash off with warm water. If used regularly, it works as a mild lightener and also exfoliates and softens the skin.\n5. Try using milk to lighten and moisturize your skin. Pour some milk into a bowl and dip into with a cotton ball. Dab onto your skin. Milk is a natural skin lightener, and it also won't dry it out. It's not going to happen overnight but with regular use, you will see some slight results.\n6. Apply peroxide onto the area. Wipe off after 15 minutes. Do this a couple of times a day until you see results. Peroxide is highly acidic, so you may want to apply a little almond or coconut oil on the area after washing it off. Don't do this treatment immediately after shaving, however, as it could irritate it.\n\n\n## Go to a dermatologist to correct the problem\n\n1. Ask the doctor about using a skin bleaching cream containing hydroquinone. This kind of cream works by preventing melanin from being produced in the skin. It's one of the most popular lightening treatments. However, if the concentration is too high or if it's used for too long, it could worsen the discoloration or reverse the effects. It can also be toxic to the liver.\n2. Talk to your dermatologist about a milder skin bleaching treatment. Some alternative, fading creams that are known to have less side effects are azelaic acid, kojic acid and one containing only 2 percent hydroquinone. All of these are known to help with persistent or residual skin discoloration problems. They work by preventing keratin, a hair protein, from being produced in the skin.\n3. Find out from your doctor if you're a good candidate for using a bleaching agent, such as chlorine, to lighten the areas. This is a mix formulated by the medical professional doing the treatment. Due to the concentration of bleach, dermatologists and medical doctors are the only ones allowed to administer it.\n4. Opt for laser hair removal. If the darkening is caused by waxing, shaving, and/or you can see dark hair stubble as it's growing back, then laser hair removal may be a good solution for you. Though it's considered semi-permanent, the hair usually doesn't come back. However, you have to make sure to complete the recommended number of treatments and the ongoing, but infrequent, touch-ups.\n\n\n## Prevent darken of the bikini areas\n\n1. Exfoliate the area. Old skin cells don't just build up on your knees and elbows but on other areas of the skin as well. When they accumulate, they can make the skin appear darker and duller. Prior to shaving, lightly exfoliate the region using a loofah, scrub or exfoliating brush. This will remove the dry skin and will also help to prevent skin irritation and ingrown hairs in the bikini areas.\n2. Use sunblock. When going in the sun, use a sunblock to keep the sun from penetrating those areas of your skin that you don't want getting darker. Choose a sunblock with a high SPF number (Sun Protection Factor) such as SPF 45 on that region. Also when you come out of the sun, apply olive oil to the area, as it's also known to be a natural skin lightener.\n3. Wear breathable, cotton clothing that is loose and comfortable. Sweating in the bikini areas are known to cause darkening. Avoid polyester clothing and other synthetic fabrics, as they don't allow the skin to breath. Also tight clothing sometimes causes chafing and could also darken these areas.\n4. Use a quality razor, and shave gently in the direction of the hair growth. If shaving irritates the skin, it could darken it. Basically, dark spots are caused by constant friction. If you shave every day, your skin attempts to protect it so it darkens up. Any type of injury to your skin will either create a stain or keloid. Waxing can also cause darkening if it's too hot.\n5. Eat more vegetables and fruits. Fruits, oranges and berries, in particular, and green, leafy vegetables have lots of antioxidants that assist in reducing discoloration of the skin. Drinking water also helps to flush toxins out of the body.\n6. Drink more water. It is one of the best ways to detoxify. There is no one-size-fits-all to how much water a person should drink. As a general rule, though, women should drink 128 ounces a day, and men should consume 128 ounces of water a day.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to reduce smog?", + "input": "", + "output": "Smog is a form of air pollution that is produced in the atmosphere when sunlight reacts with nitrogen oxides and at least one volatile organic compound (VOC). When this reaction occurs, particles are released into the atmosphere, and oxygen at the ground level absorbs harmful compounds (ozone). All of this creates what we consider smog. Recent years have seen an increase in campaigns for the reduction of smog due to its harmful effects towards both humans and the environment.\n\n## Change your car habit\n\n1. Drive less. Vehicles that run only on gasoline produce nitrogen dioxide as a byproduct of driving and idling, so one easy way to cut back on emissions is to drive less. Try walking, biking, or taking public transit instead. If your location is close enough, try walking or biking, especially if the destination has showers for clean up (workplace, gym, etc.). Many large cities offer public transportation such as buses, subways, trains and \"park and ride\" which allows you to park your vehicle and take public transit to your destination. Don't drive during certain times. For example, drive less during peak traffic periods, when it is extremely hot, or when there are ozone warnings in effect. This is because gas fumes turn into harmful ground level ozone when they heat up. If driving is a necessity, try setting up a carpool so there are fewer cars on the road and fewer trips being made.\n2. Maintain your car. Keeping your car \"healthy\" will not only improve mileage and save money, it can also reduce emissions. Get regular tune-ups and oil changes and make sure your tires are properly inflated to ensure your car is functioning at its best. Many states require smog and emission tests to make sure your car isn't emitting too much pollution. These are usually required annually or bi-annually. Inflating your tires to the correct pressure allows the engine to function better by maintaining a steady load. Consult your mechanic or your owner's manual for specific information regarding maintenance for your vehicle.\n3. Fuel up in cooler temperatures. Pump gas early in the morning or later in the evening when temperatures drop. This prevents the fumes from gasoline from heating up and creating harmful toxins at ground level (ozone). There are alternative fuel sources that are in the works such as ethanol, natural gas, and hydrogen, but not all engines can function off of these fuel sources.\n4. Purchase a hybrid or electric vehicle. These vehicles have been known to dramatically reduce emissions for many reasons (depending on the type of model). Some decrease the consumption of fuel while others do away with fuel altogether. The result is a reduction in tailpipe emissions and therefore a reduction in smog. Hybrid vehicles are fueled by gasoline alone but have the ability to recapture energy and use it to power the car, resulting in less fuel consumption. Electric vehicles are powered by electricity alone and must be plugged in and charged in order to drive. Plug-in hybrids are the best of both worlds, running off of either electricity or gasoline.\n\n\n## Change your consumption habit\n\n1. Avoid high VOC products. VOCs are chemicals that easily escape into the atmosphere through common use around the house. Check the front label of household products to determine if they contain VOCs. Examples of common products include nail care products (acetone, ethyl alcohol), paint strippers or adhesive removers (methylene chloride), and aerosol spray products (butane). Check the National Institute of Health's Household Products Database for more information about specific products and their ingredients. Shop for \"green\" products that don't contain VOCs. If you must use VOC products, buy in small quantities that can be used quickly instead of stored. If you must store the product, do so in a tightly sealed, original container, in a well-ventilated area.\n2. Avoid gas-powered yard equipment. Gasoline emissions are one of the major causes of smog--whether from vehicles or lawn equipment. Try eco-friendly lawn mowers, hedgers, trimmers, or any other lawn equipment that can be powered electrically. You can also avoid mowing altogether by changing the material in your yard. Opt for artificial grass, succulents, hard landscapes, or rock gardens to do away with mowing forever. This will also save you time and money spent on maintenance and watering. There are also \"real grass alternatives\" that look and act like traditional grass turf, but require less maintenance.\n3. Buy local. When you buy products that are made locally, it cuts down on the cost of transport which reduces emissions. Local farmers' markets and grocery stores can help you determine where items were produced. There are many sites online that link local buyers and sellers such as Direct Local Food, GrowBuyEat, and AgLocal. Besides farmers' markets, try local farmers' stands, farms, and wineries. There are even many restaurants that are joining the movement towards supporting locally grown items. Make a community garden. Grow vegetables and fruit for your community and local distribution.\n4. Be energy efficient in your home. The less energy you consume at home, the less pollutants that are released into the atmosphere. There are many ways to decrease energy consumption including through lighting, heating and cooling, and appliance use. Replace your old incandescent light bulbs with energy saving halogen incandescents, CFLs, and LEDs which can be found at your local hardware store. For heating and cooling try energy-saving thermostats that automatically reset temperatures while you're away from home. Shop for energy-efficient appliances that use less energy such as washers, dryers, refrigerators, and dishwashers.\n\n\n## Take a stand\n\n1. Don't support organizations that have poor environmental practices. By not supporting commerce from these companies, you raise awareness of the problem. For example, companies like Nestle, Pfizer, and Walmart have been known to not only add pollution to the air but to also violate pollution regulations. An app such as Buycott can help you identify products and companies with poor environmental track records, simply by scanning a product's barcode.\n2. Promote your stance. Don't be afraid to tell people your opinion on the issue, and what you are doing to help solve it. You can do this by speaking to those closest to you (family, friends, co-workers) or reach more people through social media (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube). Start a community project such as an initiative to replace light bulbs or a carpool to a farmer's market once a month. Start a carpool with your co-workers. Not only will it cut down on emissions but it will demonstrate your passion for the cause.\n3. Contact local politicians and business leaders. Ask them for information about what they are doing to reduce smog levels in your community. If they do not reply or reply with inadequate measures, consider lobbying for change. Sign a petition. There are many petitions online that are lobbying for better air quality control by our government. Find one that peaks your interest, or start your own. Try sites like change.org or petitions.whitehouse.gov to look for petitions or start one on a smaller, local level.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make an invoice on excel?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Use a template on windows\n\n1. Open Microsoft Excel. It's a green icon with a white \"X\" on it. The Microsoft Excel home page will open.\n2. Search for an invoice template. Type invoice into the search bar at the top of the page, then press ↵ Enter to search for invoice templates. You must be connected to the Internet in order to search for templates.\n3. Select a template. Click a template that you want to use to open it in a window.\n4. Click Create. This button is to the right of the template's preview. Doing so will open the template in Microsoft Excel.\n5. Edit the template to fit your needs. For example, most templates have \"Company\" written across the top; you would replace this heading with your company's name. To edit text on the Excel document, double-click the text item, then remove the text item or replace it with your own.\n6. Fill out the invoice. Enter any information required by your invoice template to ensure that the final total matches what you're owed. For example, some invoice templates will require you to enter an hourly rate or a fixed charge. Most invoice templates use formulas to combine your entered hourly and the number of hours worked in the \"Final Total\" box.\n7. Save your invoice. Click File in the upper-left side of the page, click Save As, double-click a save location, enter your invoice's name, and click Save. This will save your customized invoice in your selected save location. Your invoice is now ready to be sent.\n\n\n## Use a template on mac\n\n1. Open Microsoft Excel. It's a green box with a white \"X\" on it. Excel will open.\n2. Click File. This menu item is in the top-left side of the page. A drop-down menu will appear below it.\n3. Click New from Template. It's an option in the File drop-down menu. Doing so opens a new page with template options.\n4. Search for an invoice template. Type invoice into the search bar in the top-right corner of the page, then press ⏎ Return. You must be connected to the Internet in order to search for templates.\n5. Select a template. Click a template to open a preview window with the template displayed.\n6. Click Open. It's in the preview window. This will open the invoice template as a new document.\n7. Edit the template to fit your needs. For example, most templates have \"Company\" written across the top; you would replace this heading with your company's name. To edit text on the Excel document, double-click the text item, then remove the text item or replace it with your own.\n8. Fill out the invoice. Enter any information required by your invoice template to ensure that the final total matches what you're owed. For example, some invoice templates will require you to enter an hourly rate or a fixed charge. Most invoice templates use formulas to combine your entered hourly and the number of hours worked in the \"Final Total\" box.\n9. Save your invoice. Click the File menu item, click Save As, enter a name for your invoice, and click Save. Your invoice is now ready to be sent.\n\n\n## Create an invoice manually\n\n1. Open Microsoft Excel. It's a green box with a white \"X\" on it. The Microsoft Excel home page will open.\n2. Click Blank Workbook. This option is in the upper-left side of the Excel home page. A blank spreadsheet will open. On Mac, skip this step if Excel opens to a blank document.\n3. Create the invoice heading. Your heading should include the following information:\n\t* \n\t* Company name - The name of the company to whom the invoice funds will be allocated. Descriptor - The word \"Invoice\" or a description of the type of invoice it is, such as \"Price Quote\" if you're quoting a price for your services to a client instead of billing for them. Date - The date on which you're writing the invoice. Number - The invoice number. You can either use a global numbering system for all your clients or individual numbering for each client. If you choose to number for each client, you can include the client name or a form of it in the invoice number, such as \"Westwood1.\"\n4. Enter the sender and recipient addresses. This information should appear near the top of the invoice, with your information above the client's. Your contact information should include your name, your company's address, a phone number, and an email address. Your client's information should include the company name, the name of the accounts payable person, and the client address. You can also include the client's phone and email address.\n5. Enter your billing information. You can devote a column to a short description of the product or service, a column to quantity, a column to unit price or rate, and a calculated column for the total price for the quantity purchased of that item.\n6. Display the amount of the total bill. This should appear below the calculated column of individual charges and can be generated with Excel's SUM function. For example: if you have $13 of work in cell B3 and $27 of work in B4, you might put the formula =SUM(B3,B4) in cell B5 to display $40 in that cell. If you used an hourly rate (e.g., $30) in cell B3 and a number of hours (e.g., 3) in B4, you would instead write =SUM(B3\\*B4) in cell B5.\n7. Include the terms of payment. This can appear either above or below the billing information. Common payment terms are \"Due on receipt,\" \"Due within 14 days,\" \"Due within 30 days,\" or \"Due within 60 days.\" You may also want to include a memo at the bottom of the invoice covering accepted methods of payment, general information, or a thank-you to your customer for shopping with you.\n8. Save your invoice. Use a name that will distinguish the invoice from other invoices you've sent to your client if necessary. To save your invoice:\n\t* \n\t* Windows - Click File in the upper-left side of the page, click Save As, double-click a save location, enter your invoice's name, and click Save. Mac - Click the File menu item, click Save As, enter a name for your invoice, and click Save.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make hand‐marbled fabrics?", + "input": "", + "output": "If you like marbled paper, you might like marbled fabric too. It is surprisingly easy to create. The most traditional method uses carrageenan and water to create a thick base, but you can also use shaving cream instead. The traditional method takes a while to prepare, but the results are worth it. The shaving cream method is much faster, but it can get messy! Whichever method you choose, you are bound to end up with something unique and beautiful.\n\n## Use water and carrageenan\n\n1. Soak white fabric in a solution of alum and water the day before. In a bucket, combine 2 tablespoons (26 grams) of alum and 2 gallons (8 liters) of water. Soak your fabric in the solution for 20 minutes, then take it out. Wring out the excess water, then hang the fabric up to dry. Do not rinse the alum out of the fabric. Alum can irritate skin. It would be a good idea to wear gloves. Use white fabric that is lightweight and smooth in texture, such as muslin, cotton, light linen, or silk. Avoid heavy fabrics, such as canvas.\n2. Combine 2 tablespoons (10 grams) of carrageenan and 1 gallon (4 liters) of water. Mix the two together using a blender or hand/immersion blender. Start by mixing the carrageenan 1 teaspoon at a time into 2 cups (475 milliliters) of water, then add the solution to the rest of the water. It is best to prepare this in the pitcher to make the next step easier. Do not use the leftover alum water for this.\n3. Refrigerate the solution for 12 to 24 hours. You can do this at the same time as you are soaking the fabric in the alum. Once the 12 to 24 hours are up, take the pitcher out of the fridge, and let it come to room temperature, about 1 hour.\n4. Pour the solution into a large, plastic tub, and let it sit for at least 3 hours. The water is ready once it turns clear. The tub needs to be long enough and wide enough for the fabric to sit inside it, with at least a 1-inch (2.54-centimeter) border on all sides of the fabric the fabric.The water needs to be 1 to 2 inches (2.54 to 5.08 centimeters) deep. If you don't have enough water, you should make another batch.\n5. Dilute the acrylic paints with some fresh water. Choose 1 to 3 colors of acrylic paint, then pour each color into a small cup. Stir in enough water into each cup so that the paint takes on the consistency of heavy whipping cream. Do not use the carrageenan water for this.\n6. Place droplets of paint over the surface of the water. You can do this with an eyedropper or a pipette. Drop the paint close to the surface of the water; don't hold your hand high above it. You want the paint to float. If it sinks into the water, you are either dropping it from too high up, or the paint is too thick. If the paint is too thick, add some more water to it. Use a new dropper or pipette for each color.\n7. Swirl the paint drops together. There is no right or wrong way to o this. You can swirl the droplets together in a spiral with a toothpick. You can also drag a toothpick back-and-forth, then up-and-down through the water. You can even use a fork or a wide-toothed comb to do this.\n8. Gently lay the fabric on top of the water. Do not press the fabric into or under the water; you want it sitting right on the surface. If you see any air bubbles, gently poke them until the fabric lays smoothly against the surface again. If your fabric has a right and wrong side, make sure you are placing it right-side-down. Hold the fabric by the sides as you lower it onto the water so that the middle touches the surface first.\n9. Lift the fabric out and set it down onto a sheet of newspaper to dry. If you are worried about the ink transferring to the fabric, you can use blank newsprint or paper backs instead. At this point, you can dip another piece of fabric into the stray. You can also use a sheet of paper to collect the leftover paint, then drop and swirl new paint onto the surface.\n10. Allow the fabric to dry, then rinse it in cold water. Hang the fabric up to dry, preferably in the sun. Once the fabric is completely dry, rinse it with cold water, then hang it up to dry again.\n11. Iron the fabric after it dries to help set the paint into it. Cover the fabric with a tea towel or ironing cloth first, then pass an iron over it. Use a setting suitable for the type of fabric you are using (cotton, linen, silk, etc. ).\n\n\n## Use shave cream\n\n1. Wash the fabric using washing soda and hot water. This will not only remove any finishes that might prevent the paint from adhering, but it will also pre-shrink the fabric as well. Once the fabric is dry, you can press it flat with an iron, but this is not absolutely necessary. Cotton will work the best here, but you can use other, non-synthetic fabric as well.\n2. Coat a shallow tray with plain shaving cream. Spread the shaving cream around the tray so that you have a thick, even layer from edge-to-edge, corner-to-corner. For best results, use plain, white shaving cream, with no added dyes, oils, or perfumes. You will be spreading your fabric out in this tray, so make sure that the tray is big enough for it.\n3. Place drops of fabric paint randomly on top of the shaving cream. Try to space the drops randomly. Fabric paint will work the best, but you can use acrylic paint as well. If you are going to use acrylic paint, go for the bottled kind rather than the kind that comes in a tube; it is thinner and easier to drop out. Use one color for a simple effect, and two or three colors for a fancier effect. Use regular fabric paint. Don't use \"puffy paint\" or \"dimensional fabric paint.\"\n4. Swirl the paint around with a toothpick. Weave a toothpick through the shaving cream side-to-side and top-to-bottom. Feel free to add some spirals in there as well. Be careful not to over-stir the paint, however; you want the shaving cream to look streaky. You can also use other items to swirl the paint, such as pencils or chopsticks.\n5. Place the fabric on top of the shaving cream, then gently pat it down. Keep patting it until you can see the paint patterns appearing on the other side of the fabric. If your fabric has a distinct right and wrong side, set it right-side-down.\n6. Lift the fabric away and set it down on top of a trash bag. Make sure that you are setting it with the shaving cream side facing up. If you don't have any trash bags, you can use a plastic tablecloth, wax paper, or even a paper bag. Pull the fabric away at a slight angle rather than straight up. This will prevent the fabric from taking too much of the shaving cream with it.\n7. Scrape the shaving cream off. Hold the fabric down firmly by one end. Place a long, metal ruler on top of the fabric, with one of the edges facing down. Run the ruler across the fabric to scrape the shaving cream off. You may have to do a few passes; be sure to wipe the ruler clean before each one.\n8. Allow the paint to dry before heat setting it with an iron. Let the fabric out to dry, preferably in the sun. Once it is dry, place a tea towel or an ironing cloth over it, then iron it. Be sure to use a heat setting appropriate for the type of fabric you are working with.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to diagnose adrenal gland disease in pomeranians?", + "input": "", + "output": "Pomeranians are a breed that are especially prone to baldness problems. While your dog may have other adrenal gland diseases, such as Cushing's Disease or Addison's Disease, Alopecia X is the most common condition that affects Pomeranians. Adrenal gland disease goes by a variety of names, such as Alopecia X, Black Skin Disease, and Growth Hormone Responsive Dermatosis, among others. Adrenal gland disease is a puzzling condition, and vets are not really sure of the cause. There are ways to diagnose if your dog has this condition.\n\n## Identify symptoms\n\n1. Watch for odd patches of fur. One of the first signs of adrenal gland disease is patches of hair that look different than the rest of the coat. These patches will contain hair that is short and oddly textured, like wool.\n2. Look for symmetrical hair loss. When a dog has adrenal gland disease, the Pomeranian sheds her fur right down to the skin and the fur doesn't regrow. The fur loss is in a symmetrical pattern so the hair loss on the left of the body mirrors that on the right. Hair loss usually occurs on the trunk and back thighs, and not on the head or front legs.\n3. Watch for dark patches of skin. When the dog loses her hair, the exposed skin often becomes hyperpigmented. This means that the skin changes from a regular pink or beige color into a dark brown or black color. Additionally, the skin is often dry and scaly.\n4. Be alert for any lack of hair growth. Another way you know your Pomeranian has this condition is that hair does not regrow after it has been clipped or shaved.\n5. Know that this condition can affect any dog. Pomeranians of any age or sex can be affected. This means that through your dog’s entire life, you need to watch for signs of this condition. Although a dog can get this condition any time, the dog is healthy otherwise even if she does start to show the symptoms.\n\n\n## Diagnose the disease\n\n1. Be aware of an unspecific diagnosis. The problem with diagnosing adrenal gland disease is that vets aren't sure why it occurs in the first place. This makes it impossible to develop a single test that gives a definitive answer as whether baldness is specifically due adrenal gland disease or some other problem.\n2. Take your dog to the vet. The vet has to rule out all other problems which could cause hair loss. This means conducting an extensive array of tests searching for specific conditions, which can then be confirmed or crossed off the list. Once all these tests are done, and if they all come back negative, then the condition is likely to be adrenal gland disease. Adrenal gland disease is a diagnosis of exclusion, which means all other possible causes of hair loss have to be crossed off the list in order to diagnose the condition. Many of the symptoms of adrenal gland disease, like hair loss, can be due to more serious diseases, such as Cushing's Disease. Alopecia X is not life threatening, but other adrenal gland diseases can be serious if left untreated. This is why taking your dog to the vet is so important.\n3. Have multiple tests run. The vet may want to run some or all of the following tests, which will prove or rule out other conditions which may be similar to adrenal gland disease. The tests include:\n\t* Thyroid blood test\n\t* Adrenal hormone test\n\t* A urinalysis\n\t* Abdominal ultrasound\n\t* Skin scrapes\n\t* Skin biopsy\n\t* Screening blood tests\n4. Notice the effects of this disease. When your dog gets this condition, know that it is a cosmetic condition. Your dog will not be in any pain. If your vet has ruled out any other underlying condition, then your dog can live a happy life with the condition.\n5. Find the proper treatment. Most treatments for Alopecia X focus on helping the dog grow the coat back, but they are trial and error. Many adrenal gland problems are caused by hormonal imbalances, so dogs may be spayed or neutered. If this is not an option, melatonin therapy may be suggested. Other treatment options may be available if these don't work. However, they can cause adverse reactions, so the adverse health effects need to be considered next to the cosmetic benefits.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to keep a dog hydrated?", + "input": "", + "output": "Water is essential for your dog’s digestion, circulation, waste filtering, and body temperature. Your dog should drink about one ounce of water for every pound of weight on a daily basis, though they may need more if they are exercising or if it’s hot outside. To ensure your dog stays hydrated, invest in a quality water bowl and make sure you are hydrating your dog effectively at home and on the go. If you think your pup is experiencing dehydration, bring them to the vet right away. Dehydration can be life threatening if it goes untreated.\n\n## Use a quality water bowl\n\n1. Get a water bowl that is the right size for your dog. Make sure your dog’s water bowl is the right size for them, as a bowl that is too big or too small will limit their access to water. Check that the water bowl is made for a small, medium, or large dog. Get the size that will make it easy for your pup to bend down and drink from the bowl. For example, tall, narrow bowls are ideal for dogs with long ears, such as Bassets and Spaniels. This can help to keep their ears out of the bowl, which can reduce the risk of ear infections. Smaller dogs do well with a water bowl that is low and shallow, as this will make it easier for them to drink from the bowl. A bowl that is big and wide is ideal for medium to large dogs.\n2. Buy a weighted water bowl. A weighted water bowl will have a heavier bottom, making them less likely to tip over. This may be a good investment if you are worried about your dog tipping over their water bowl or moving the bowl around and spilling the water while they drink. Look for weighted water bowls online or at your local pet store. Test the water bowl before you give it to your dog to use. Fill it with water and tap or try to tip one side of the bowl. A weighted water bowl should make it harder to do this.\n3. Invest in a water fountain. Larger dogs and dogs who are picky about their water may benefit from a water fountain. Most water fountains will filter and recirculate the water so it is fresh and tastes delicious to your dog. You can buy water fountains online or at your local pet store.\n\n\n## Hydrate your dog at home\n\n1. Fill your dog’s water bowl daily. Make sure you keep your dog’s water bowl filled with fresh water on a daily basis. Fill it up first thing in the morning when you give your dog their breakfast. Then, check their water bowl throughout the day to make sure it is full. Fill it up again at dinner time, if it needs refilling. Make sure you toss out any old water from the previous day before you fill it up with fresh water. This will ensure the water tastes good to your dog and is free of bacteria.\n2. Clean their water bowl regularly. Bacteria can end up sitting on the rim of the water bowl and in any water still in the water bowl. Get in the habit of cleaning your dog’s water bowl on a daily basis. Use soap and water to remove any grime or dirt in the bowl or on the rim. Dry the bowl well before you fill it up with fresh water and set it down for your pup. For example, you may clean the bowl first thing in the morning before filling it up with fresh water. This way, it will stay clean for the rest of the day until you clean it again the following morning.\n3. Place water bowls for your dog throughout your home. If your dog likes to roam through your home, make sure you have water sources located throughout the space for them. Put water bowls on each floor of your home. Set up water fountains in several spots in your house so your dog always has access to fresh water. Doing this will ensure your dog never gets dehydrated. Make sure you clean all of your dog’s water sources in your home on a daily basis. This will ensure they do not get dirty or contract any bacteria.\n4. Keep the toilet seat down in your home. Prevent your dog from drinking from the toilet bowl by keeping the seat down at all times. The water in your toilet bowl likely contains bacteria and other pathogens that are harmful to dogs. Keeping the seat down will make it difficult for your dog to access the toilet bowl water. It will also encourage them to drink the fresh, clean water from their water bowl instead. If your dog really enjoys drinking from the toilet, consider purchasing a ceramic bowl for them that will mimic the type of “bowl” your toilet is.\n5. Switch your dog to wet food. To encourage your dog to stay hydrated, consider switching from dry dog food to wet dog food. Wet dog food contains more water and can help your dog stay hydrated. Add water to their wet food at a 1:1 ratio to help your dog drink more water. You can also try giving your dog two wet food meals and one dry food meal a day. Wet dog food can be more expensive than dry food and requires more preparation time, so this may be a good option if you’re short on time and money. If your dog will eat all of their dry food at one time, you can try adding water to the dry food. Many dogs will consume all of the dog food as well as the water.\n\n\n## Hydrate your dog on the go\n\n1. Bring bottled water on walks or long trips. Dogs can often get dehydrated when they are out for a long walk or running around outside during a play session. Long car trips can also make your dog thirsty, especially if it is a hot day. Pack bottled water or water jugs and your dog’s water bowl so you can provide fresh water for them on the go. Some dogs can be trained to drink from a squirt bottle. Try to get your dog used to drinking from a squirt bottle so you can bring it with you when you go on a walk or to a dog park. This will make it easier for you to squirt water into your dog’s mouth if they start to get dehydrated. You can also purchase a portable, collapsible dog bowl to take with you on the go.\n2. Give your dog ice cubes as treats. Ice cubes are often a fun treat for dogs and can help them stay hydrated. Use ice cubes as a reward when your dog does a trick or follows an obedience command. Pack a cooler of ice cubes on a long trips and give them to your dog periodically to ensure they stay hydrated. To make the ice cubes more appetizing, you can try putting a dog treat in water in the ice cube tray and freeze it overnight. This way, your dog can lick the water, working their way to the treat inside the ice cube.\n3. Do not keep your dog tied up outside. Try not to keep your dog chained or tied up outside, especially on hot days. Dogs can end up wrapping their chain or leash around poles or trees, make it impossible for them to access their water bowls. Do not leave your dog tied up unattended for prolonged periods of time. If you do need to keep your dog contained, put them in their crate or kennel with access to a water bottle or a water bowl. This way, they will still be able to access fresh water.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to love someone the way he is?", + "input": "", + "output": "Being around someone often can make their faults seem more significant. However, people have defined personalities that are not likely to change, even if something annoys you. When loving a spouse, partner, or family member, it is important that you love him the way he is and do not expect him to change. This can sometimes be difficult. It requires finding the best in the person you love, accepting his flaws, and coping with your own insecurities.\n\n## Find the best in him\n\n1. Make a pros and cons list. Taking time to think about all of a person's positive qualities can help you to remember what you love about them. At the same time, noting what frustrates you about a person can help to put things into perspective. Make a list of all of the things you love about this person and all of the things that annoy you about him. Review the list and pay special attention to the pros, such as his kind nature, his sense of humor, or the interests you share with him. Remind yourself that the things that annoy you may be things that can change in time, such as being a smoker, having a hard time remembering important dates, or seeming unmotivated.\n2. Look for reasons to compliment him. People are extremely complicated beings that can be seen from many different angles. Whatever you choose to look for in a person, you are likely to find. Avoid looking for negative traits, and instead look for good traits within him. Reinforce those traits in his behavior (and in your own mind) by complimenting him often. For example, you could compliment his intelligence.\n3. Focus on positive feelings. Again, where you put your own focus is crucial to determining how you feel about someone. In any person, there are things that will make you feel good and things that will make you feel bad. If you want to love him, pay attention to the things that make you feel good when you are with him. For example, you should focus on how he notices your feelings instead of how he doesn't keep his bedroom clean.\n4. Make happy memories. Any kind of loving relationship needs reinforcement. You can strengthen your love for him by creating happy memories. Do things that both of you enjoy doing and spend time reflecting on it. If you have a lot of separate interests, take turns doing something the other would like. For example, if you both enjoy movies, you could take turns choosing a movie at the theater or for a home movie night.\n\n\n## Accept his imperfections\n\n1. Avoid nagging him. The opposite of complimenting a person is nagging them. When you find small details about a person and use them to vent your own frustrations or insecurities, it undermines the relationship. If you need to talk to him about something he is (or isn't) doing, you should have a clear, calm conversation about it. Tell him what you expect him to do, and let him do it. For example, instead of nagging him for not doing the dishes, you could just say something like “I could really use some help with the dishes when you have time.”\n2. Withhold judgement for his actions. Even if you love someone, you should realize that you will not always agree with everything they do. If something he does bothers you, you can talk to him about it, but avoid turning it into a general label on his personality. By withholding judgment, you see him as a whole person and not just the sum of his mistakes. For example, if he forgets to do the dishes (even though you reminded him), keep in mind that he has a lot going on, too. While it is fair to expect help, you should not judge him as lazy or inconsiderate when he doesn't get everything done.\n3. Remind yourself that you love him. Telling him you love him is important. Telling yourself that you love him is just as important. It is easy to get frustrated with someone and analyze all of their faults. Instead, you should remind yourself constantly that you love him and that your frustration with him doesn't define him. For example, if he forgot your birthday, you are probably going to be pretty frustrated. Instead of focusing on how badly that hurt, remind yourself that you love him the way he is and that you can still celebrate your birthday with him even if you had to remind him.\n4. Avoid unrealistic expectations. The man you love is not perfect. That is because nobody is perfect. Though it might be easy for you to imagine a fairytale romance, be aware that such relationships rarely (if ever) happen in real life. In fact, a happy relationship takes work from both sides and requires realistic expectations. The idea of a “Mr. Right” just waiting around the corner for you will likely destroy your relationship over time.\n5. Be willing to compromise. Relationships are all about compromise and flexibility. Though you shouldn't settle for being with someone that you don't love, you should realize that you will have to give up some of the things on your checklist if you want to love someone. The man you love isn't likely to be able to satisfy your every fantasy or whim, but he can love you and satisfy some of those things. The rest, you will have to accept as qualities that he does not possess. For example, the man you love might not be able to dance and sing you love songs with perfect pitch. In this case, you might have to settle for him willing dance with you and belt out some karaoke (even if it's bad karaoke).\n\n\n## Cop with your insecurities\n\n1. Come to terms with jealousy. There are two types of jealousy that can affect your love for him. You can be jealous of his life, or you can be jealous of his attention. Either one will lead to disagreements and hard feelings. If you are feeling jealous, analyze why and move on. An example of being jealous of his life is wishing that you had as many friends as he does. An example of being jealous of his attention is wishing that he would stop hanging out with his friends and spend his time with you.\n2. Reflect on insecure feelings. Jealousy is not the only feeling that can get in the way of loving him. You might also feel things like sadness, resentment, or neglect. If you have any negative or insecure feelings, you should not repress them or act on them. Instead, analyze what makes you feel that way. Once you know what is bothering you, you can work on accepting that part of his personality. For example, if it bothers you that is never on time, once you realize this you can start accepting it as a part of his personality rather than viewing it as a lack of caring for you. Avoid taking things too personally. Keep in mind that some of his actions may be harmless and not reflect any deeper meanings other than what you assign to them.\n3. Work on correcting your insecurities. This might take a lot of time and practice. Be patient with yourself, and constantly analyze why you feel insecure. It might help to keep a diary of your feelings so that you can monitor them. If you are having a lot of difficulty with your feelings, you can consult a mental health professional. Do not leave the diary somewhere that he can read it. Explain that it is private if he seems uncertain. You may prefer to keep a diary in a file on your computer. Another way to work through your insecurities is to be open and honest about them. Do not blame them on the man you love, but use “I” statements like “I sometimes feel that our relationship might fade over time.”\n\t* You might even consider sharing some of your insecurities with him if you are comfortable doing so. This can help to strengthen your relationship. Hiding things may only lead to trouble in the future.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to cascade routers?", + "input": "", + "output": "A good way to expand your wired or wireless network is to cascade routers. A router cascade means that 2 or more routers are connected to each other through an Ethernet cable. There are 2 ways to cascade routers: connect an Ethernet port on the second router to an Ethernet port on the first, or connect the Internet port on the second router to an Ethernet port on the first.\n\n## Connect ethernet to ethernet (lan to lan)\n\n1. Designate which routers will be the primary and which will be secondary. Your primary modem is the router with a direct connection to the internet or modem. Your secondary router will be connected to the internet through the primary router. Generally, you should use the most current router as your primary router.\n2. Plug your secondary router in. Connect an AC adapter to your secondary router, and plug it into an electrical outlet near a computer you can use to set up the secondary router.\n3. Connect your computer directly to your secondary router. Use an Ethernet cable to plug into one of the numbered Ethernet ports on the back of the router and to an Ethernet port on your computer. Make sure it is not plugged into your primary router.\n4. Access your router's web-based configuration menu. Connect to the secondary router's IP address with a web browser. Depending on the make of your router, you may have to navigate to a specific URL to access your router's web-based configuration menu. Consult your router's user manual or manufacturer's website to find out what the IP address for your router is. 192.168.1.1 is one of the most common router IP addresses. You may need to log in to the router's configuration menu. \"Admin\" is the most common username and/or password. Consult the user's manual or manufacturer's website to learn more about how to log in to your router's configuration page.\n5. Change the secondary router's IP address. Look for this option under local IP settings. The key here is to make sure that your secondary router has a different final digit than the IP address of your primary router. An example IP for your primary router is 192.168.1.1. So an example of your secondary router's IP address could be 192.168.1.2.\n6. Turn off the secondary router's DHCP Server settings. The configuration menu is different for each router make and model. This can often be found under \"Setup\", \"Advanced Settings\", \"Network Settings\", ect. Read \"How to Configure a Router to Use DHCP\" to learn more about how to locate the router's DHCP settings.\n7. Make sure your secondary router is set to router operating mode. This is often located in an advanced settings menu.\n8. Connect the secondary router to the primary router. Use an Ethernet cable to plug into any one of the numbered Ethernet ports on the primary router. Then Plug the other end of that cable into a numbered Ethernet port on the back of the secondary router. Your routers are now cascaded.\n\n\n## Connect ethernet to internet (lan to wan)\n\n1. Plug in your secondary router. Use the AC adapter that came with your router to plug it into an electrical outlet near a computer you can use to setup your secondary router.\n2. Connect your computer to your secondary router. Use an Ethernet cable to connect to one of the numbered ports on your secondary router. Connect the other end to an Ethernet port on your computer.\n3. Access the web-based configuration menu. Enter the secondary router's IP address into a web browser to access the router's IP address. 192.168.1.1 is one of the most common router IP addresses. If that does not work, consult the user's manual or manufacturer's website to learn how to log in to the routers configuration page. You may need to log in to the router's configuration menu. \"Admin\" is the most common username and/or password. Consult the user's manual or manufacturer's website to learn more about how to log in to your router's configuration page.\n4. Change the local IP address. The second-to-last digit of your local IP address should be different from your primary router. If your primary IP address is 192.168.0.1 then your secondary router's IP address should be something like 192.168.2.1.\n5. Save your IP address changes. Disconnect your secondary router from your computer.\n6. Connect your primary router to you secondary router. Use an Ethernet cable to connect to one of the numbered ports on your primary router. Then plug the other end of the cable into the Internet port of your secondary router. Your routers are now cascaded.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to look up a bible verse?", + "input": "", + "output": "People quote the Bible in a variety of contexts. If you want to be able to look those quotes up, you’ll need to understand the way the Bible is organized. It’s also possible to look up quotes without knowing their location. Simply knowing a couple of words from a verse can be enough to help you locate it if you know how.\n\n## Look up a verse by number\n\n1. Identify the book of the verse. When Bible verses are listed, the first thing you’ll see is the name of a book. Use the table of contents in your Bible to locate that book within it. The table of contents is at the beginning of the Bible. Locate the name in the table of contents and turn to the page associated with the start of the book. The name of the book might be abbreviated or spelled out completely. Some books include:\n\t* Exodus (Ex)\n\t* Genesis (Gen)\n\t* Numbers (Num)\n2. Identify the chapter. After the book name, you’ll see two numbers. The first number is the chapter. For example, in “John 3:16”, “3” is the chapter number. Look at the verse and determine which chapter it is from in the book. Some people may cite Bible verse using abbreviations and Roman numerals. For example, Lev. xx:13 is the same as Leviticus, chapter 20, verse 13. Locate that chapter within the book. You may be able to find the location of that chapter in the table of contents. If not, you can thumb through the specific book until you see that chapter. As with other books, it should clearly say, “Chapter \\_\\_” at the beginning of each chapter. In addition, many versions clearly say, : at the top of each page indicating the first verse on that page. Some also note the last verse on the page.\n3. Identify the verse number. The second number after the book name is the verse number. This number should come after a colon (:). In the case of John 3:16, 16 would be the verse number. If you're looking up a longer passage, there may be two numbers, separated by a hyphen (-). For example, in John 3:16-18, you're looking for verses 16,17, and 18.\n4. Locate the verse within the chapter. Once you’ve found the chapter, go through it until you find the verse. The verses go in numerical order, just like chapters. There should be a small number at the beginning of each sentence or a small group of sentences. This is the verse number. If you're looking for multiple verses, such as John 3:16-18, 17 and 18 would follow directly after 16.\n\n\n## Look up a verse with a concordance\n\n1. Choose a concordance. A concordance is a book that lists every instance of a word’s appearance in the Bible. This is a great tool if you remember the verse, or part of the verse, but you don’t know which book or chapter it came from. Concordances can be found through religious retailers or online. Your church may also have one that you can borrow.\n2. Search for a word from the verse. Remember an important word from the verse. Look it up in the concordance the same way that you would look it up in a dictionary. Concordances are alphabetized. Choose a distinctive word that may have limited occurrences, such as “flood,” “mountain,” or “rubies.” If you choose something like “love” or “evil” you’re likely to find an enormous number of results.\n3. Search for other words if necessary. If you find too many results, or you don’t see the verse you’re looking for, try searching for another word. For example, if you remember the phrase, “love must be sincere” and you searched “love” but found too many results, try looking up, “sincere.”\n4. Locate the verse from the concordance list. The concordance will list all of the places where that word is found in the Bible. A complete concordance will give you some context so that you can be sure it’s the verse you’re looking for. Use the location that the concordance gives you (for example, Romans 12:9) to look up the complete verse and its context in your bible.\n5. Try another translation if necessary. Concordances are specific to translations. If you can’t find the verse you’re looking for, try a concordance for a different translation. For example, if your Bible translated a word to the English word “praise,\" but your concordance is for a Bible that translated that word as “worship,” it will be impossible to look up the verse.\n\n\n## Look up a verse online\n\n1. Search the verse number online. Choose a search engine, or go to a website dedicated to Bible study. Type the name of the book and the chapter and verse numbers into the search engine. Type the verse number in the generally accepted format if you can. For example, you'll get more accurate results if you type, \"John 3:16,\" than, \"Chapter 3 16 John.\"\n2. Remember what you can about the verse. Do you remember a certain phrase of the verse? Maybe you remember one or two words and the name of the book it came from. Even if you can’t remember very much, you can likely still look up the verse.\n3. Enter what you know into a search engine. Type in everything you can remember. You should also include the words “Bible” and “verse” to make sure that you get results that are relevant to your search. Your search terms may be something like, “Bible verse about wives in Psalms,” or “Bible verse chapter 7 desert.”\n4. Use a site designed for Bible searches. There are plenty of sites online that catalog Bible verses by subject or by book. You can use one of these websites to search for the verse. Type in a keyword or a subject. You may also be able to do an advanced search by book or chapter. These online tools can be great ways to find other verses that may be relevant to you or helpful in your studies or prayers.\n5. Search related words. If you can’t remember any exact words from the verse, or your search is not going well, search related words. For example, if you searched for “stars” and didn’t find anything, you could search for “night” or “sky” or “heavens” to see if the verse shows up. It’s possible you’re using a different translation or that you misremembered details about the verse.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to fold polo shirts?", + "input": "", + "output": "Polo shirts are great because you can wear them almost anywhere. To keep your polo shirts looking good, make sure to fold them correctly. Start by placing them on a firm, flat surface. Fold in the sides and sleeves before bringing the bottom seam right below the collar. Store your polos by rolling them into tight bundles or stacking them on top of one another in a moth-free setting.\n\n## Fold your polo in the traditional way\n\n1. Lay the shirt on a flat surface. Find a flat, smooth surface, like a laundry table. Position the shirt on the middle of the surface with the button-side (front) facing down. Stretch out the sleeves to each side. Make sure that the edges of the shirt do not fall off the sides of the surface. Fully button up the shirt from top to bottom. Button up the cuffs as well.\n2. Fold the sleeves back. Grab each sleeve and fold it to the middle of the back of the shirt (the button-free side that is currently facing upwards). Try to keep the each sleeve horizontal. This will make the cuffs overlap in the middle center of the shirt. As you adjust the sleeves, be careful not to pull the side seams of the shirt towards the back. You are just folding the sleeves in at this point, not the core of the shirt. If you have a short-sleeved polo, you will still fold the sleeves toward the middle of the back of the shirt. However, the sleeves will not overlap in the middle.\n3. Smooth the shirt out with your hands. The key to folding any shirt, including polo style, is to run your hands over the fabric after every fold. This helps to smooth out the wrinkles and to ensure tight, secure folds. If you come upon a heavy wrinkle in the fabric, make minor adjustments until it disappears.\n4. Fold in the sides of the shirt. With the front of the shirt still facing down, gently grasp one side of the shirt with both hands. Fold this side inwards until it touches the middle of the shirt’s back. Do the same thing with the other side. If you do this correctly, you should see a “V” at the top back of the shirt right below the collar. If you have a short-sleeved polo, this fold will help to keep your sleeves in place moving forward. Make sure to hold your sleeves in place as you complete this step or they may move around as you lift the sides to fold inwards.\n5. Fold the shirt in half. Keep the button-side of the shirt facing down. Grasp the bottom edge of the polo shirt. Fold the edge upwards until the shirt is essentially at half of the full length. When you are finished you want the bottom edge of the shirt to rest right at the lower edge of the collar.\n6. Do an extra fold depending on the shirt’s length. If your shirt is extra large or extra long, then a single bottom fold may not be enough. You may need to divide the length of the shirt into thirds or fourths, adding in 1 or 2 additional folds.\n7. Flip and store. Grab your folded shirt and flip it over. The collar should now face upwards. This is a great way to store your polo shirts, as it keeps the collars and sleeves crisp. It’s even safe to stack multiple shirts on top of one another for storage, as the pressure will keep any wrinkles at bay.\n\n\n## Roll your polo shirt\n\n1. Save space by rolling. If you have a small closet or just a single drawer to use, then rolling is good option. Many people also prefer to roll all of their clothes when packing suitcases, as it makes it easy to select outfits quickly. The downside of rolling is that it can leave polo shirts a bit wrinkled. Address this problem by giving yourself some time to steam a shirt after unrolling it.\n2. Fold the shirt in from the bottom. Lay your polo shirt on a flat surface with the buttons facing up. Grasp the bottom edge of the shirt and fold it upwards about 4 inches (10 cm). This will shorten the total length of the shirt and help you to create a tighter roll.\n3. Fold in the sides. Grab one side of your polo shirt, place the sleeve facing outward, and fold the fabric inward toward the center. Do the same thing with the other side of the shirt. This means that the outer edges of your shirt will now meet in the center with overlapping sleeves.\n4. Start rolling from the collar. Grab the collar in both of your hands and begin rolling downwards. Try to keep your hands firm on the fabric, so that the final roll is tight and secure. When you reach the bottom of the shirt, press lightly against the sides of the roll. The final roll should be around 6 inches (15 cm) in width.\n\n\n## Clean your polo shirt before store\n\n1. Wash the shirt according to the instructions. Locate the tag on your polo. It will probably be at the collar or on the inner side-seam. Read how to wash your polo and follow these directions exactly. For 100% cotton polos, this will usually mean washing them on a warm water setting. For mixed fabric blends, it is usually safer to go with a cold water setting. It’s also okay to hand wash most polos, as long as you stick with the same suggested water temperature.\n2. Dry the shirt. You really want to avoid shrinking your polos, so make sure that you follow the drying instructions as well. If you machine dry your polos, use the lowest heat setting. It’s better, though, to hang your polo shirts up on a drying rack until they are fully dry. This will keep your shirts looking the best for the longest period of time. Be aware that drying your polos on a rack might make them look more wrinkly. However, this can be quickly fixed with a round of steaming or ironing.\n3. Remove any wrinkles with steaming or ironing. Get out your ironing board and set your iron to a medium or low heat setting. Go over your polo with the iron, keeping it moving to prevent burning the fabric. Look at the tag for any additional instructions. Some polos need to be turned inside out before ironing. You can also hang up your polo and use a steam machine to work out any wrinkles. Pass the steamer wand close to, but not touching, the fabric until it smooths out. Polo shirts have a tendency to get particularly wrinkly around the collar, so pay additional attention to this area. Also, make sure to reinsert any collar stays after you are finished steaming or ironing your shirt.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to teach and avoid the dangers of fake faith healers?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is how to teach and also avoid the dangers of fake faith healers.\n\n## How to teach the dangers of fake faith healers\n\n1. Look up on one or more of the various search engines.\n2. Know and teach scriptures. Like, “If you lend money to one of my people among you who is needy, do not be like a moneylender; charge him no interest” (Exodus 22:25; see also Psalm 15:5) and also Deuteronomy 23:19-20 ESV /, “You shall not charge interest on loans to your brother, interest on money, interest on food, interest on anything that is lent for interest. You may charge a foreigner interest, but you may not charge your brother interest, that the Lord your God may bless you in all that you undertake in the land that you are entering to take possession of it and also Leviticus 25:35-37 ESV ; “If your brother becomes poor and cannot maintain himself with you, you shall support him as though he were a stranger and a sojourner, and he shall live with you. Take no interest from him or profit, but fear your God, that your brother may live beside you. You shall not lend him your money at interest, nor give him your food for profit and many other scriptures such as Matthew 7:15-18 and also 1st Timothy 6: 10.\n3. Teach people the warnings signs and also how to react like Warning sign #1 : If he says to give up medication because God's going to heal you, DO NOT under any circumstances follow what he is telling you because this is a BIG AND DEFINITE tip off that this ^healer^ is fake.Just like for example if MegaI Love Music from YouTube is offered a ride by ^Dish Network workers^ who look friendly but He (MegaILoveMuzic from YouTube) calls Dish Network and says like ^Hi, my name is (name) and I am at (where MegaILoveMuzic is at) and this is a Dish Network vehicle's license plate number (license plate number is told) are these workers really Dish Network workers?^and the Dish Network customer service says ^no in fact there is no scheduled Dish Network service for (address)^for example, this is A BIG AND DEFINITE tip off that these ^Dish Network workers^ are evil doers who have intentions on first tricking him then getting him to a secluded location then harming and hurting and quite possible murdering him so he should not ever go in these ^Dish Network workers^ ^Dish Network^ vehicle.Same thing if a televangelist says like ^give up medication^ for example, this is highly illegal and dangerous to follow and you should NOT follow his ^holy^ advice. for example.\n4. Get and make post cards, YouTube videos, etc. warning people of the dangers of fake faith healers.\n\n\n## How to avoid the dangers of fake faith healers\n\n1. Ask yourself important questions like What is he saying ? Is he telling me what I must actually do for example if I am being bullied at a dishwashing job that I should report the offender to police for example? for example.\n2. Answer the important questions (in your mind of course) like He is saying and insisting that God will protect me from this mean dishwasher I have at my dishwashing job . But wait even the devils believe in God and tremble James 2: 19,this guy is not telling me stuff like report the mean dishwasher to the police, instead this ^healer^ is telling me to just trust in God.So I better not follow what this ^healer^ says. for example.\n3. Act on the answers to your important questions like going to the police to report a mean dishwasher assaulting you at your dishwashing job for example and tell yourself either in your mind or verbally or both like ^good and holy advice^ that I should just trust in God, because even the demons believe in God and tremble James 2: 19, so I must never just trust God, I must do actions as well to get what I need done get done. for example.\n4. Take heed of websites, others etc. warning about fake faith healers.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to save gift wrapping paper?", + "input": "", + "output": "We've all seen promotional material for having \"green\" (environmentally sound) events, conserving paper, and saving trees. In this article we'll see several alternatives to one time usage of rolls of wrapping paper for gifts.\n\n## Reuse wrap paper\n\n1. Wrap the gift in such a way as to promote reuse: When selecting wrapping paper, select paper which is durable. When wrapping gifts, use the kind of tape which can be removed easily without damaging the paper. Use minimal tape.\n2. Unwrap the gift for reuse, too. When the honoree unwraps each gift, have them do so carefully. Have them try to avoid damaging the paper. Once paper is removed, fold it carefully for reuse.\n3. Share the paper with several guests. If there are so many presents that the honoree ends up with more paper than they can re-use, share it among the people present for efficient re-use.\n\n\n## Use gift bag with a gift tag\n\n1. Purchase a nice gift bag (or reusable bag), rather than wrapping paper for each gift.\n2. Make and attach a large gift tag to the bottom of the bag covering the manufacturers name, etc. Include at least 12 rows on the tag. Write your name, email, occasion and date on the first row of the tag.\n3. Place gift item in bag and present to honoree as usual. After honoree removes the gift from the bag, they save the bag for the next occasion.\n4. When the honoree has an occasion to give a gift, they write their name, occasion and date on the first blank line on the tag.\n5. Repeat the re-use and gifting process 12 times.\n6. Have the twelfth person to receive the gift bag send an email to everyone listed on the tag with the bag's history. Assuming the bag remains in usable condition, they can then attach a new tag on top of the original tag and repeat the process.\n7. Keep the reuse and gifting chain going until the back is too worn to continue. Ultimately, recycle the bag.\n\n\n## Make a gift display rather than gift wrap\n\n1. Bring unwrapped gifts to the celebration.\n2. Place the gifts on a display table. Cover the table with a reusable tablecloth.\n3. Prepare a one page log for the honoree. It should list each gift, the name and email (or paper mail if you prefer to consume paper for thank you notes) address of the person giving the gift. The honoree can then use this log to send Thank You notes. Only one sheet of paper is consumed for the entire event!\n4. When it is time to present the gifts, position the honoree behind the table along with the guests. Take photos of the covered table, uncover the table and photograph the table displaying the gifts. (Optionally, make a video of the table being uncovered.)\n\n\n## Gift wrap (blindfold) the honoree instead of the gift\n\n1. If your honoree is adventuresome, blindfold them with an attractive looking bandana or blindfold prior to displaying or presenting any gifts.\n2. Present each gift to the blindfolded honoree while the people giving the gift stand behind them.\n3. Have the honoree identify the gift by feeling of it. If you want to make the task more challenging have the honoree wear attractive looking gloves or mittens while doing this. Optionally, have the honoree guess who gave them the gift.\n4. Of course, take numerous photos (and possibly video) of the gift giving process.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to promote your business on tiktok?", + "input": "", + "output": "For most people, TikTok is a fun way to kill time and share zany videos with friends. In the right hands, however, it can also be a useful promotional tool. Taking advantage of the app’s unique format can help business owners get more eyes on their products and services, especially if they’re aimed at a younger target audience.\n\n## Establish a presence\n\n1. Create an official TikTok account for your business. When you open the app for the first time, you’ll be given the option to sign up using your phone number, email address, or a third-party platform like Facebook. Once you’ve successfully created an account, tap the person-shaped icon in the lower righthand corner and hit “Edit Profile” to access your user settings. There, you can change your name, write out a custom bio, and upload a profile picture or video.You’ll find TikTok listed near the top of the “Most Downloaded” section of your preferred app store.\n2. Build a profile that represents your business well. Start by choosing a distinctive profile picture that will make your account instantly identifiable. A logo, mascot, or photo of one of your products will work best in most cases. Then, draft a short bio that explains who you are, what you do, and why your followers should be interested.Be sure to include a link to your website or online store in your bio. That way, users will be able to find out more about your business just by visiting your profile.Tip: Asking yourself questions like, “Who is my target audience?”, “What am I hoping to show my followers?”, and, “How does this app fit in with my other marketing strategies?” while you’re tinkering with your profile can help you zero in a more effective presentation.\n3. Familiarize yourself with the app’s basic format. While it offers a host of different features, TikTok is primarily a video sharing platform that lets users upload video clips up to 15 seconds in length. This rapid-fire setup forces content creators to find imaginative ways to capture their viewers’ attention and make a statement fast.Users also have the option of setting their videos to popular songs and sound clips in order to make playful lip syncing videos, produce mini music videos, or just add a little extra style. If you have a longer video that you want to show, it’s also possible to connect multiple segments that will play continuously for up to 60 seconds.\n4. Take advantage of the app’s built-in editing features when posting videos. When you’re ready to get creating, tap the “+” button in the bottom center of the screen. This will pull up the in-app camera, allowing you to shoot a video that’s anywhere between 15 and 60 seconds in length. When you’re done, you’ll have the option to trim your video, add stylish transitions, write custom captions, and layer on filters and other special effects.One of TikTok’s most beloved features is the ability to add backing music and sound clips. Tap on the “Music” icon in your editing dashboard to browse an absolutely massive library of hit songs from all eras. You can also hit the “Upload” icon to the right of the red “Record” button to upload a video that you shot on your device earlier. This feature can be handy in those situations where you want to prepare a new post but don’t have a lot of time to play around on the app.\n\n\n## Produce effective content\n\n1. Focus on putting together videos that are fun and engaging. TikTok is an unconventional app, so it’s no place for conventional advertising. Spend some time coming up with ideas for posts that you think will pique your audience’s interest, make them laugh, or encourage them to try out your product or service for themselves. The ultimate goal is for your brand to stick in their memory.Viral dance videos are all the rage on TikTok, so if you’ve got some sweet moves up your sleeve, now’s the time to show the world. Use this opportunity to get creative and think outside the advertising box—crack jokes, incorporate chart-topping songs, or work in clever pop culture references that will help you gain traction with your audience. Anything goes!\n2. Make sure your content comes across as genuine. While there’s a virtually unlimited number of ways to express your business’s “personality” on TikTok, it’s crucial that your content have a casual, down-to-earth feel to it. If it seems forced or insincere, your audience won’t buy it—and that’s exactly what you’re trying to get them to do.Old-fashioned ads rarely get a second look these days. But if you can highlight the exciting, adventurous, or playful aspects of your business in a way that makes users feel like they’re a part of something, it’s sure to get them talking. The kind of people who value the app’s open-ended, creative format are notoriously hard to sway using traditional marketing strategies, and tend to appreciate businesses that seem relatable and take more of a down-to-earth approach.Tip: Forget about polished, overly formal sales pitches. TikTok culture is all about fun, spontaneity, and accessibility, with a strong \"DIY\" aesthetic.\n3. Create short product demonstrations. Make videos of yourself or your team members actually using the items you’re advertising. This is a good chance to show your viewers just what your products can do, or to highlight any key features or intended uses it might have.A video of someone sipping an ice cold soft drink on the beach surrounded by friends, for instance, will be much more likely to make an impression on viewers than one showing someone drinking the same beverage alone in their kitchen. Remember, you only have 15 seconds, so you’ll need to either edit together a montage of quick cuts or skip to the most impressive part of your demonstration in order to get your message across.\n4. Start a viral hashtag challenge. Come up with a unique way to get your audience to engage with a particular product or service, give it a catchy hashtag, and offer to share or repost select submissions from users who add the hashtag to their posts. Not only will this give them a chance to gain some exposure by being featured on your account, it will also ensure that your hashtag is spread far and wide.Imagine that you run a footwear company called Swiftz. You might challenge TikTok users to post videos of themselves wearing your shoes for their favorite activities with the hashtag, “#SwiftzTakesMe.”\n5. Encourage users to interact with your posts. Whenever you put up a new post, include a call-to-action to motivate viewers to like, comment, and share. Doing so will let them establish a kind of dialogue with your company, increasing its visibility in the process. On an app like TikTok, greater visibility means greater discoverability, which in turn means more customers.Prompts like, “Tell us which feature of our new jeans you like best in the comments!” or, “What other uses have you discovered for our infinitely-customizable storage cubes?” give your audience a chance to take a more active role in your branding efforts. Another way to expand your reach is to ask viewers to post videos of themselves using your product or explaining what they like about it for a shot at a repost, similar to hashtag challenge.\n\n\n## Buy ad space on tiktok\n\n1. Publish in-feed native content. In-feed native ads are video ads that pop up periodically between regular user videos. When you post one of these ads, it will appear as a full-screen, skippable video, similar to branded stories on Instagram. This is the most straightforward way to advertise on TikTok, and probably the one that promises the most visibility overall.If you’re interested in making use of TikTok’s ad service, you’ll need to work with one of the company’s marketing reps, who will provide you with all the info you need regarding pricing, structure, and targeting. Once your ad has been posted, you can track its outreach by reviewing a number of different metrics, including clicks, views, play duration, and interactions like comments and shares.Tip: While building your ad, you’ll have the option of including links to your website, online store, or app, as well as hashtags that users can click on to see similar content.\n2. Stage a brand takeover. Brand takeovers are large-scale social media marketing campaigns that allow brands to “take over” an app for a single day. What this means is that your business’s branding elements will be displayed on the app’s home screen for 24 hours. During that time, you can also use the app’s creative features to mass-distribute targeted content containing clickable hashtags and embedded links to your website or product pages.For more information on pricing and availability, get in touch with a TikTok marketing rep by visiting the Advertising section of the company’s website. There are also “Top View” takeover packages available that transition directly into 15-second in-feed video ads from the home screen.\n3. Pay for promoted hashtags. Promoted hashtags essentially accomplish the same thing as homegrown hashtag challenges. The main difference is that instead of relying on your audience to spread word of your challenge, TikTok will market it for you through targeted posts. Needless to say, it has the potential to find its way around to a lot more users this way.Having TikTok share your business’s hashtags can seriously increase your web traffic, but it definitely isn’t cheap. By some estimates, purchasing a promoted hashtag could run you as much as $150,000!\n4. Apply for your own branded lenses. Lenses are editing features that enable TikTok users to enhance their images and videos by adding special effects, much like the filters on Snapchat and Instagram. Users who try out your lenses will be sending a subtle message to their followers to check out your business. The more people you can get using your lenses, the more name recognition you stand to earn yourself.If you opt to go this route, you’ll work closely with TikTok’s marketing experts to develop lenses based on some aspect of your business’s branding. Ideally, your lenses should offer users a cool new effect or look to play around with, not just plaster your name or logo everywhere. Don’t forget that your objective is to actually get people to use it.\n5. Work with well-known influencers to grow your audience faster. One of the best ways to generate a buzz when you’re just starting out is to collaborate with users who already have a dedicated following. If you come across a particular TikTok star who you think might make a good promotional partner, reach out to them via direct message and see if they would be interested in joining forces.Keep in mind that the most influential figures on social media are usually professionals, so you should be prepared to provide compensation if you want to hitch a ride on their reputation. With the right spokesperson, you could see an explosion in your follower numbers and outside web traffic literally overnight.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to respond to unsolicited advice?", + "input": "", + "output": "When someone gives you unsolicited advice, it can be tricky to know how to respond, no matter how well-intentioned it is. You don't want to hurt their feelings, but you also may not want to leave room for further advice. Sometimes, all you can do is politely acknowledge the advice and move forward. In other cases, however, you may need to shut the advice-giver down for crossing a boundary, or even leave the conversation.\n\n## Keep your cool\n\n1. Try to remember that the person is probably just trying to be helpful. They may not realize when they overstep their bounds, and they might hope that you will genuinely benefit from their advice. Sometimes, unsolicited advice just means that the person cares about you and wants to make your life easier. It is easy to take unsolicited advice as criticism. While this can be true, take their perspective into account and try to see if they are offering genuine, yet misguided support.\n2. Take a moment to put yourself in the other person's shoes. While it does not excuse their rude behavior, keep in mind that people often give unsolicited advice because they feel the need to be heard, or because it's what they're used to receiving from other people. Think about what may have led this person to share a piece of advice you did not need. Some examples of experiences that might lead someone to give unsolicited advice are feeling unheard while growing up, going through a difficult time and projecting their own problems onto you, or they feel undermined in other areas of their life and give advice to feel more competent. In other cases, the person may feel more powerful by giving advice that no one asked for, or they may be overconfident in their abilities. Gender is another factor, as men tend to give women more unsolicited advice, often as a result of undervaluing their skills.\n3. Maintain a sense of humor. It’s often easiest to smile or laugh off unsolicited advice. By having a sense of humor about the situation, you can put yourself in the right frame of mind to shrug off the comment. For small, harmless suggestions, especially from strangers, put the situation in perspective and let your humor guide your response. Think about how the situation will make a funny story to tell your friends later, or how absurd it is for someone to think you might not know how to do a simple task. You can convey good-natured humor in your response out of politeness, even when you find the suggestion silly or ignorant. By saying something like, “Well, that’s a great idea! Why didn’t I think of that?” you may be enabling them to continue to offer unprompted advice, but it can help you avoid conflict.\n4. Avoid the impulse to lash out. It is easy to feel defensive when you receive unsolicited advice, in part because it can feel like the other person doesn’t trust you to handle things themselves. Sarcasm and criticism can make the person who gave you advice feel victimized, however, as they most likely won’t see what they did wrong. Think about your relationship with the person. Especially if they are a friend or family member, you may not want to upset them. When interacting with a stranger, it can be easy to be dismissive or rude, but try responding in a firm, yet polite way if laughing off the advice doesn’t work.\n\n\n## Move on with the conversation\n\n1. Hear the advice-giver out. In many cases, the person just wants to feel heard or contribute to the conversation. Let them say their piece, even if it's unhelpful or completely wrong. They'll probably feel better once they finish talking and often just stop. Once they have finished, the conversation can move on.\n2. Acknowledge the advice and move on. Sometimes the easiest thing to do is nod, smile, say okay, and go ahead with your plans anyway. Particularly if the person is in a position of power, you might feel obligated to thank them before moving forward or changing the subject. \"Thank you. I'll consider that.\" \"Let me write that down so I can think it over.\" \"I already have a plan for handling this, but thank you for your perspective. I'll take it into consideration.\"\n3. Turn it into a joke about yourself. A little humor can turn around an awkward situation. If you think of something silly to say, try saying it out loud. The two of you might be able to have a good laugh and move on. \"If you think my desk is messy, you should see my bedroom. Some of my clothes have probably fossilized by now.\" \"You know me. I love carbs far too much to change my diet.\" \"I would, but my husband banned me from the kitchen after the second time I set myself on fire.\"\n4. Address their motive, if they have one. Sometimes people who give advice have an ulterior motive (for better or for worse). If you can tell that an advice-giver is hoping you'll do something that makes them happy, try offering an alternative or addressing it directly. \"Are you trying to make an excuse to spend more time with me? Because you don't need one! Are you free this weekend?\" \"I know that it's been a big change since I moved away from home. I enjoy living in the city, so I plan to stay there. Why don't we set some dates for you to come visit?\"\n5. Ask a question to switch to a new topic. Changing the subject by asking a question can be a good way to distract a person who was piling on advice. Try asking about them, or about something you know they're interested in. This way, they're likely to stay engaged in the new topic. \"I'll keep that in mind. But enough about me. How was your day?\" \"My partner and I are going to make all our birthing decisions together. Do you know of any good parent and me classes?\" \"Thanks for the advice! You mentioned having two dogs. What are their names?\"\n6. Turn down the advice politely if the person doesn't get the hint.. Try to keep it positive by saying that it isn't right for you personally, while acknowledging that it could be right for them or someone else. This will help the other person realize that they gave advice you didn’t ask for. \"Thank you for trying to help, but I may have given the wrong impression. I'm not looking for advice right now.\" \"I've tried that, but I found that it doesn't help me personally.\" \"I'll make treatment decisions with my doctor.\" \"That's not in line with my personal values.\"\n\n\n## Confront the advice-giver\n\n1. Express your discomfort if the advice-giver crosses a line. Sometimes, people say things that are downright rude, mean, or overly familiar. In that case, you may want to tell them that they've offended you or hurt your feelings. Try to make \"I\" statements (e.g. \"I'm upset\") instead of a \"you\" statement (e.g. \"you're rude\") so that you don't put them on the defensive. One way to shut down a piece of unwanted advice would be to say, \"I feel upset about this line of conversation. Let's please change the subject.\"\n2. Set a boundary with a regular advice-giver. If someone is repeatedly trying to give advice when it's not what you want, you may want to express your frustration in a constructive way. You can set a boundary in the conversation, or in general, if the person has a track record of offering unsolicited advice. For a specific instance of needing to set a boundary you could say, \"I know you're trying to help, but I really just need a listening ear right now,\" or simply \"I'm not looking for advice at the moment.\" If someone has been giving you unsolicited advice for weeks, months, or years, try saying something like, “I often feel like you try to help in ways that show you don’t trust me to help myself,” or “I will ask for advice if I need to, but I need you to let me talk about this without trying to help.”\n3. Exit the conversation if needed. Sometimes people pile on unsolicited advice despite your attempts to redirect the conversation or set a boundary. In these situations, it may be easier to leave the conversation for a minute or end the conversation altogether. \"Please excuse me. I remembered… \"\n\t* \"I need to get going now so I'm not late.\" \"I need to get to an appointment. It was nice talking to you!\"\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to deal with a job loss?", + "input": "", + "output": "Losing your job can take a toll on your well-being, finances, and self-worth. When dealing with a job loss, work through the stress by finding healthy and productive outlets. Address your finances and make necessary changes to budgeting and spending. Developing healthy habits can help you feel better and get you closer to re-entering the job market. While dealing with a job loss can be difficult, you can have a positive experience during your transition and even enjoy some of the changes you make.\n\n## Cop with stress from lose your job\n\n1. Allow yourself to experience grief. Losing a job is much more than losing your source of income. Your job may be a source of your identity and bring you personal and professional fulfillment. It’s normal to experience grief, so allow yourself to feel it. Accept whatever feelings come and know that they will not last forever. Pushing your emotions down or pretending they don’t exist will likely result in them coming up at another time, whether you like it or not. So, when you feel anger, sadness, hopelessness, or grief, let it be and don’t push it away.\n2. Use effective coping strategies. Dealing with a job loss will undeniably lead to stress. Cope with your stress by engaging in activities that make you feel good and relieve your stress in a healthy way. Find an activity that relaxes you and helps you feel calm. Engage in relaxing activities such as yoga, meditation, or journaling. Avoid using alcohol, drugs, or other harmful substances as a way to cope.\n3. Ask for emotional support from loved ones. While your loved ones can’t solve your problems, they can support you and lend a listening ear while you sort out your life. Find someone you trust and talk about your struggles and ask for support. You don’t need to go through your problems alone. Keeping your job loss a secret can make things worse. Know that there are people you can talk to and who will support you.\n4. Focus on what you can control. You can’t control your job loss or when you will get a new job. You won’t know when an employer will call you back or how many interviews you will get. Instead of focusing on things outside of your control, focus on what you can control, such as getting training, taking care of yourself, and surrounding yourself with positive influences. Think of what is within your control when you feel overwhelmed or stressed out.\n5. Find joy through a hobby or activity. If you don’t know what to do with yourself and the time you have, find activities that feel fulfilling. Try volunteering at an animal shelter or after-school program for children. Pick up a hobby that’s fun and fulfilling such as painting, dancing, woodworking, or traveling. Losing your job can make you feel like your sense of meaning is gone. Finding an enjoyable activity can help you experience some joy and fulfillment outside of work.\n\n\n## Handle financial matter\n\n1. Apply for financial assistance. Depending on where you live, you may be able to access government assistance when you become unemployed. Go to your local employment services department in your state or territory to see if you qualify for workers’ compensation, unemployment benefits, medical assistance and insurance, financial assistance for food, and other benefits that can help in this difficult time. You can usually walk in and talk to someone the same day. Bring documents from your previous employer that outline your pay, insurance, benefits, etc. Assistance services can take time to get started, so apply for them as soon as you lose your job.\n2. Maintain a budget. If you’re not already using a budget, now is the perfect time to create one. Your goal for a budget while unemployed is to save money and reduce your overall expenses. Create categories for your spending such as food, car, rent/mortgage, pet care, or anything else that’s pertinent. Allocate money to each category and stay within the limit you set! Creating a budget will help you prioritize where your money goes and how much you will spend on different items. For example, set up a $200 budget each month for food and start buying foods that are healthy and will fill you up. Skip the restaurants and fancy foods and focus on getting your basic needs met.\n3. Save money. Your goal right now is to have enough money to get by and not worry about finances while you look for your next job. Cut back on extra expenses by making small changes, such as choosing a cheaper mobile phone plan or cancelling your gym membership if you’ve stopped going. Look for small things you can cut out that won’t affect you too much. For example, use generic products instead of branded items. Avoid buying books or movies. Instead, visit your local library to borrow them. Your library may even have other items available for loan, depending on how well-supported the library system is in your area.\n4. Stop unnecessary purchases. Losing a job often means a drastic cut in income or no source of income at all. Cut back on any unnecessary spending. For example, if you subscribe to a monthly magazine or promotional box, cancel it. If you eat out for most meals, consider cooking at home. These are simple ways to cut spending that can help you with financial stability. Find ways that you can cut spending without having to make drastic changes. For example, limit your online shopping. Make a list of your monthly expenses and determine if there are some you can eliminate or decrease. For example, some cable companies will allow you to decrease your monthly plan to a very basic plan for a lot less money for up to 6 months at a time.\n5. Make some extra money. If you’re struggling to make ends meet, there are some easy ways to make money quickly. Look around and find items in your home that you’re willing to part with in order to make some money. This might include clothes, electronics, books, or jewelry. If you have a spare bedroom in your home, consider renting it out to someone. Sign up with a rideshare company and offer rides locally when you have time. Look at freelancing job sites online. Some, such as Upwork, Guru, and Remote have a lot of different types of work that people are willing to pay you to do. While making some extra money takes some effort, it can pay off and make you feel more comfortable while you’re unemployed.\n\n\n## Keep a healthy lifestyle\n\n1. Keep a daily routine. Not having a job can mean that days feel like they stretch on forever or that you waste time only to realize that the day is over. Create a daily schedule or routine that helps you accomplish your goals and stay productive. Have a set time that you start and end your day so that you keep a general routine. For example, wake up at the same time each morning and keep a regular morning routine. Go to the gym, then start your job search. It might help to get out of the house when you do work.\n2. Get good sleep. Sleep often suffers when under stress, so keep good sleeping habits while dealing with your job loss. Go to bed and wake up at the same time each day, even on the weekends. Keep electronics out of your bedroom so the light does not disrupt your sleep. If you have trouble falling asleep, try a relaxation routine before bedtime. For example, take a bath, drink a soothing herbal tea, or journal as a way to relax and ready yourself for sleep.\n3. Eat healthy foods. The food you put in your body may be easily overlooked, but it’s especially important to healthfully fuel yourself when dealing with the stress of job loss. Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains such as brown rice and oats. Eat high-quality protein sources such as tempeh. Avoid foods that influence your mood, which might include sugar, caffeine, and high levels of preservatives or hormones. If you struggle with anxiety, stay away from nicotine and caffeine, which can increase anxiety.\n4. Talk with a counselor. A counselor can provide guidance and support while you are dealing with your job loss. For example, if you’re struggling with how to move forward or handle your stress, see a therapist to help. If you need help in gaining some direction with your career, consider seeing a career counselor. Find a counselor by calling your insurance provider or the employment center near you. You could also try talking to a career counselor. Career counselors can help you determine if the career you have is the right fit for you. Perhaps this is an opportunity to try something else.\n\n\n## Take step forward for your career\n\n1. Decide how you want to move forward. Losing your job might be a new beginning. Decide whether you want to continue in your career path or make some changes. You might want to take your career in a different direction or go back to school. Now is your chance for a new beginning should you want it. Knowing what you want can help you apply for jobs or get training that you need for a different position.\n2. Treat finding a job as a job. Make finding employment your full-time job. This can help you stay motivated and on task while between jobs. Break up your day as you would at your last job so that you have tasks to complete, deadlines to meet, and different activities to do. For example, spend time looking through job listings, making phone calls, and writing emails. Then, spend your afternoon revising your resume, doing some reading or completing training. Devote your time to finding your next job and get serious about it. Start by researching the jobs and companies you are interested in working for. Then create separate resumes for each type of job you would like. Use recruiting companies. There are many recruiters looking for people to fill jobs of all kinds all over the world, and they have access to job databases that the general public cannot access. Some companies even hire exclusively through recruiters. By sending your resume to recruiters and following up with them regularly, you can increase your chances of being considered for jobs you may not be aware of.\n3. Build your marketable skills. Take classes that can help you improve your business skills. Look for classes at your local employment center, park district, or on the internet. Gaining knowledge and skills that employers want can help you get a leg up once you submit your resume. Getting training can also show that you are current in your skills. Look for training that offers certificates, certifications, or other credentials that you can add to your resume for proof that you completed them. EdX is a great source for free online classes, and they offer certificates and credits. Visit https://www.edx.org/.\n4. Network with others in your field. Attend events, conferences, and lunches where you can meet other professionals and employers. Attend meetups geared toward professionals in your field. Look up job fairs and attend ones that interest you. The more connections you have, the better your odds of finding the job you want.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to identify a bandwagon fan?", + "input": "", + "output": "Ever notice how people \"suddenly\" become fans of teams that are performing well? Do you ever wonder if they are \"real fans\" like they claim to be? Or do you wonder if they're just bandwagon fans? Bandwagon fans are defined as sports fans who have shown no past loyalty to a team, and who only support them when they are doing well. While people may not admit to being bandwagon fans, there are easy ways to spot them.\n\n## Listen to what they say\n\n1. See if they know the staff. True fans of a team will know the names of more than just the star player on the team. See if they know other players, coaches, owners, and former players. This will help determine if they have any loyalty towards the team. Knowing the play-makers is great. But a true fan needs to know more than the offensive players. They need to know what's going on on both sides of the ball. Not every fan follows what goes on behind the scenes so cut them some slack if they don't know the athletic trainer or the newest draft picks.\n2. Determine if they know statistics. Knowing statistics takes both time and effort. Do they know the average number of points scored per game? Do they know where the team ranks offensively and defensively? True fans always find ways to track the progress of their favorite team. Their knowledge should go beyond stats for the star player or the team's record. They should be able to discuss the teams status as if they were commentators for ESPN, because it is both informative and entertaining for real fans.\n3. See if they know any historical information about the team. It's easy to know about a team's current progress, but it's more difficult to know about the history of a team. A fan who has been loyal for years will know past players, championship years, and significant games. Many fans will also have personal stories associated with the team. For example, they'll know exactly where they were when the Houston Rockets won back-to-back championships in 1994 and 1995. Many bandwagon fans only follow teams who have been successful over the last few years and will not know history that stretches beyond the team's current winning streak.\n4. Count how many teams they support. Fake fans usually divide their loyalty among more than one team. The more teams they support, the less of a true fan they are. Choosing a favorite sports team is like choosing a wife--you can only have one. In different sports, there are rules about teams you cannot support at the same time. For example, in baseball, you can't root for both the Yankees and the Mets. In football, you can't cheer for both the Texans and the Cowboys.\n5. Listen to their reasons for supporting the team. Most of the time loyalty to a team is determined by where you grew up or the player you idolized growing up. Bandwagon fans usually have flimsy excuses for why they support a team. For example, reasons such as liking the team logo, having a boyfriend or girlfriend that supports the team, or picking the team are not viable reasons. If your favorite team relocates to a different city then it is your choice to turn back on them or not. If you grew up in a city that didn't have a team for a specific sport, you're then able to pick a team (with good reason of course). If your team eventually gets a new franchise, it is your choice to stick with your current team, or start to follow the new one.\n6. See if they only support the best teams in the league. If the fan only supports the #1 teams in football, baseball, basketball, soccer or other major league sports, they are likely not supporting the team but supporting the winning streak. There will be times when your favorite team will consistently be successful, but it's a strange phenomenon when ALL of the teams you support are doing well. For example, it's perfectly acceptable to support the New England Patriots and their success. But to support them, the Boston Red Sox, the Golden State Warriors, and the Washington Capitals at the same time is a sign of being a bandwagon fan.\n\n\n## Watch what they do\n\n1. Notice if they go to games only when the team is successful. It's difficult to support a team when they are in a slump, but real fans do just that. Even if a real fan curses their team, they are there to support them the next game. Bandwagon fans jump off the wagon at the first sign of trouble. Going to a game takes more effort and more money. Bandwagon fans don't want to invest either if the team isn't doing well. The same is true of watching games on television.\n2. Ask why they leave the game early. True fans stay at a game until the bitter end--even if they know the result will be less than desirable. On the other hand, bandwagon fans tend to walk out and stop offering support to the team. Bandwagon fans often miss out on some of the best comebacks in sports because they choose to walk out during tough times. For example, in the 2013 NBA Finals in game six when the Miami Heat were down against the San Antonio Spurs, fans left early and missed out on a comeback. Also, in the NFC Championship Game between the Green Bay Packers and Seattle Seahawks, they trailed so fans left the game early and missed out on an amazing onside kick recovery to eventually win the game and go to Super Bowl XLIX.\n3. Determine if they go to live games. If you don't cheer for the team in the area you grew up in, in favor of a team far away, that's one thing. But true fans still go to live sporting events for the experience of being around like-minded, passionate individuals. Bandwagon fans don't value the experience because they aren't as emotionally invested as real fans. Even if it means braving the cold or paying for over-priced beer, real fans will try to attend at least one game during the season. Some bandwagon fans will attend a game or two just to be able to say that they have. They are unlikely to attend games that aren't convenient. For example, when the weather is bad, when the tickets are too pricey, or when the game falls on a workday.\n4. See if they support the team only during playoffs. This has a bit to do with the team being successful, but it also has to do with the importance of the game. Regular seasons in sports tend to be long and grueling, so bandwagon fans like to skip the regular season games and jump right to the good part. Playoff games occur after the regular season and are tournament style games that lead up to the championship. Playoffs also bring out bandwagon fans whose \"first choice\" didn't make the playoffs. In order to have someone to root for, they will choose a team randomly and only for that season.\n5. Determine if they jump off the wagon. This is also known as wavering in their support of the team. If a fan stops supporting their team if they lose a playoff game, championship game, or don't make the playoffs at all, they're exhibiting behavior consistent with that of a bandwagon fan.\n\n\n## Identify a true fan\n\n1. See if they own a throwback jersey. A throwback jersey is one that duplicates a jersey worn by a team or player from the past. Real fans tend to purchase throwback jerseys (along side more modern sports gear) because they actually know the history of the team and its players. On the contrary, bandwagon fans typically purchase team gear that represents the more modern logos, colors, and players. True fans are also more likely to spend big bucks on team gear and throwbacks are usually more authentic and costly.\n2. Notice if they ever boo their team. True fans will never boo their team because they are trying to inspire them, not make them feel worse. It's okay to be angry with a less than perfect performance, but making your team feel like trash won't help. Real fans stick with their team for better or for worse.\n3. Determine if they support their team's players more than any others. A true fan's loyalty is always to his or her team first. That doesn't mean that they can't support or like other players, but it does mean that their loyalty lies with their team's players first. For example, it's fine to appreciate great players like Peyton Manning but if you're a New England Patriots fan you support Tom Brady first. Additionally, if you have players who are on your fantasy football team but are not on your favorite football team, you can support them only as far as it doesn't interfere with your favorite team's success.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to match paint colors?", + "input": "", + "output": "Whether you need to touch up a scratch on your living room wall or your child wants their bedroom to be the exact same color as their favorite toy, it can be difficult to find a perfect match to an existing paint color. Luckily, there are plenty of tricks and tools that can help you find the color you’re looking from, including using paint samples, smartphone apps, and in-store computerized color matching!\n\n## Match paint without a sample\n\n1. Clean the area you're trying to paint match. Over time, fingerprints, dust, and dirt can collect on the surface of an object or a wall, and this can make the paint color seem darker than it actually is. To make sure you're testing the actual color, wipe the paint down with a damp, soapy sponge, and allow it to dry completely before you try to match the color. In addition to giving you a more accurate color match, cleaning the wall will help the new paint adhere better.\n2. Scrape off a 1 in (2.5 cm) sample of drywall paint with a razor knife. If you’re trying to match paint on sheetrock or drywall, the easiest way to get a perfect match is to bring a sample with you to the paint store. Use a utility knife to score a square into the surface of the sheetrock about ⁄8 in (0.32 cm) deep, then peel away the paper. Place the sample in a plastic bag or an envelope so it doesn’t get smudged before you get to the paint store. Once the store has analyzed the color, dab a little of the paint onto a corner of the sample and let it dry to ensure it’s a perfect match.\n3. Bring the item you’re matching to the paint store if it's portable. Thanks to the computerized color-matching technology at most paint stores, you can match almost anything! If you’re trying to find a paint that’s the same color as an object, you can bring that object in with you when you go to buy paint. The staff at the paint store will then scan the item and come up with an exact or near-exact digital match to the color of the object. If there’s not an existing color that matches your object, the paint store can mix one up for you.\n\n\n## Find a match with an app\n\n1. Download a paint-matching app if you can’t take a sample. Most major paint brands have their own apps for matching paint colors, including Sherwin-Williams, BEHR, Glidden, and Valspar. Visit the app store on your smartphone and choose an app that will scan your wall color and provide you with a color match. If you remember the brand you used originally, download their app. If you don’t know the brand, try a few different apps to see which gives you the closest match, or try an app like Paint My Place which uses multiple paint brands.\n2. Scan your paint in natural lighting for the best result. Differences in lighting can make your paint more yellow or more blue, depending on which type of light is being used. To avoid these inconsistencies, try to test your paint sample in an area with plenty of natural light if you can, like near an open window or door. Since natural light changes throughout the day, it may help to take a color reading in the morning, afternoon, and evening. If your room doesn’t have much natural light, use the room’s primary light source to test the paint. Incandescent lights will make paint seem warmer, while fluorescent lights look cooler. Halogen bulbs more closely resemble daylight.\n3. Test the paint in an inconspicuous area to make sure it’s a good match. Differences in lighting and cameras can make digital paint matching imprecise. If you purchase paint based on the results you get from an app, be sure to test it somewhere where the difference won’t be obvious. Let the paint dry completely before you check whether it’s a match, since wet paint can look like a different color at first.\n4. Purchase or borrow a color scanner for a more precise match. Apps rely on your smartphone’s camera to get a color match, but you can get more accurate results with a small device that scans paint colors using an independent camera with its own lighting. If you’ll be doing a lot of color matching, it can be worth the investment. These color scanners are $65-$100 at most home stores and connect to your phone via Bluetooth.\n\n\n## Use a color sample\n\n1. Take a picture of the original color before you go to the paint store. If you’re planning to pick up color samples from the paint store, take along a photo of the original paint. Pictures won’t give you an exact color match, but they can be helpful if you’re trying to remember the general hue. If you can, try snapping pictures at different times of day, since the changes in lighting will make the paint look different. If you’re in a hurry and don’t have time to wait a few hours for the light to change, try taking pictures with the flash on and off, or with the main light on, followed by lamplight. Holding up a true white piece of paper or cardstock in the picture can help your camera to automatically correct the color balance.\n2. Choose a handful of samples to bring home with you. The lighting in the paint aisle won’t be the same as it is in your home, and different shades can seem really similar, so it’s important to bring the paint samples to the wall to compare the colors. Choose a handful of colors that seem close to the shade you want to match. If you’re not sure what brand the original color was, be sure to get shades from several different brands, as well. If you like, you can also purchase or borrow a fan deck of colors from the paint store so you’ll have access to all of the shades a particular brand offers.\n3. Tape the samples to the wall and examine them at different times of day. It can be tempting to just hold up the samples and immediately choose which one is the closest, but since the color of the room will change slightly as the sun moves throughout the day, you should hang the samples and come back to them every couple of hours. Of course, if none of the samples are a match, you will probably be able to tell right away. If one sample is a match early in the day and another matches better in the evening, ask the paint store if they can mix a shade in between.\n4. Paint a small section of each color on the wall if you’re still not sure. Most paint stores will sell you a small can of paint that you can use to paint a sample. If you can’t decide between 2 or 3 different shades, purchase a sample size of each. Paint a small swatch of each color onto the wall and look at them for a few days before making your final decision. In addition to changes in light throughout the day, changes in weather can also affect your paint color. Your swatches might look different on a sunny day than they do on a day when that’s overcast.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make a cat tree?", + "input": "", + "output": "Cats are natural climbers, and will happily crawl all over tall structures. A homemade cat tree will provide your kitty with hours of entertainment, and can be built at a fraction of the cost of cat trees available at a pet store. With some tools and dedication, you can make a customized cat tree based on your cat's personality!\n\n## Build a cat tree from wood and carpet\n\n1. Design your cat tree. Before purchasing materials or starting to build, you need a design plan, which you can sketch out on a piece of paper to determine your materials shopping list. There are several things to consider when designing your cat tree. First, consider your space limitations. Determine where your cat tree will be placed, and what size will fit well into that space. It's a good idea to take measurements to ensure your finished product will fit the space. You should also consider your cat's personality. If your cat likes to climb, consider building a tall cat tree with several perches. If your cat would like a private place to hide or sleep, consider building in a covered sleeping nook. Finally, you should keep your carpentry skills in mind. If you are relatively inexperienced with building things and using tools, keep your design simple so that you aren't overwhelmed. If you're at a loss for where to begin, there are several websites that have pictures of do-it-yourself cat trees you can use for inspiration, or even patterns for cat trees other people have made.\n2. Buy your materials. Use your design plan to determine which materials you will need. Plywood works well for horizontal platforms; dimensional lumber and cardboard or PVC pipe work well for vertical supports, and carpet is ideal for covering the wood. You may also need the following tools to assemble your tree:\n\t* A drill and some wood screws\n\t* An electric stapler\n\t* A table saw and a handsaw\n\t* A Hammer and nails\n\t* A carpet or utility knife\n\t* Wood glue or another powerful adhesive\n\t* If you want to create covered areas for your cat to perch, you may also want to pick up a concrete form tube. These heavy-duty cardboard tubes make great perches and tunnels for cats. These can also be cut lengthwise using a utility knife to create concave platforms or open-topped beds for your cat.\n3. Cut all materials to size. Using your plan as a guide, cut all the plywood and lumber sections to size. A simple hand saw works well for cutting dimensional lumber, while a handheld circular saw or table saw is better for cutting sheets of plywood. Sand rough edges if desired.\n4. Build the base of your cat tree. The tree needs a sturdy base, which should extend farther out from the center than any other platform or component of the tree in order to prevent tipping. To make the base, a good option is to cut 2 squares of plywood to size and glue them together for extra thickness. A 24\" (60 cm) square works well for a basic cat tree, but the taller your tree, the larger you'll want to make the base, to ensure it is sturdy.\n5. Cover the base in carpet. Before attaching any vertical supports, it's best to cover the base with carpet or a thick upholstery fabric. Cut the carpet to size, making it a few inches larger than the base on all sides. Then, wrap its edges over the edges of the plywood base, and staple it in place on the underside of the base with a staple gun. You may need to cut small notches in the carpet at the corners to make it fold neatly beneath the base.\n6. Attach the vertical supports to the base. The vertical supports that will hold up your platforms can be attached to the base with screws, nails, bolts or wood glue. Flip the base over so the carpeted side is face down. Then, drill holes through the underside of the base in the spots where you want the supports to be. Attach the supports by inserting screws or nails through the holes and driving them into the supports. You may want to cover the supports with carpet before attaching them, as this will be easier than doing it after they are already secured in place. To make your cat tree double as a scratching post, wrap one or more of the supports in sisal rope, securing each end with wire brads or staples, placed where they will be out view and won't be scratched by the cat. If you use staples, you may need to tap them down with a hammer to make sure they don't stick out too much.\n7. Attach the horizontal perches to the supports. The plywood perches can be attached using wood screws and/or gluing them to the tops of the vertical members. Wrap them in carpet or fabric after affixing them, so that the screws aren't visible through the carpet, and staple the carpet in place on the underside as you did with the base.\n8. Continue building according to your design. Continue to affix each component, referring back to your plan for measurements and placement. Adjustments to your design can be made as you go to account for stability issues, new ideas, or incorrect measurements.\n\n\n## Build a cat tree from a ladder\n\n1. Obtain a ladder. For this simple, unique cat tree, you'll need an old wooden ladder. Look around at garage sales, thrift furniture stores, and antique stores for one 3–4 feet (0.9–1.2 m) high. Choose an old-fashioned ladder that looks like an upside-down \"v\" with several steps on either side that are at matching levels. It's fine if the wood looks old, but make sure the foundation of the ladder isn't too rickety. You want to be certain your cat tree won't tip over and hurt your cat. Try to find a ladder that's around four feet tall. A very tall ladder my be less stable or too tall for your cat.\n2. Gather your supplies. The ladder is going to be the base of the tree, but you'll need to alter it a bit to make it more cat friendly. Gather these supplies:\n\t* A piece of plywood long and wide enough to rest on two rungs of the ladder at the same level. This will provide a platform for your cat. If you want more than one platform, you'll need more than one piece of plywood. A hammer and 2\" nails\n\t* Carpet\n\t* An electric staple gun\n\t* A piece of canvas, denim, or other sturdy fabric you can use to create a hammock between the two bottom rungs\n\t* A can of paint (optional)\n\t* A toy that hangs from a piece of rope or string\n\t* Sisal rope to wrap around the legs of the ladder\n3. Sand and paint your ladder and wood pieces. Use fine-grain sandpaper to sand down the ladder and remove any jagged edges or splinters. Do the same to the pieces of plywood you bought. Paint the ladder and plywood pieces with a coat or two of paint, if you're using it. Let the paint dry completely. Use your imagination when it comes time to paint. You could just paint the ladder to match your existing decor. But you could also paint it brown and green to make it look like a tree, or use stencils to make designs up and down the sides. Instead of painting the platforms, you can make them more comfortable for you cat by covering them in carpet, attaching it to to the platforms after nailing them into place. Use your staple gun and affix the carpet with staples in the perimeter and in the center. Make sure they don't stick up from the platform, tapping them down with a hammer if necessary.\n4. Nail the plywood platforms to the ladder. Position the first piece of plywood so that it is lined up across two ladder rungs of equal height. Use the hammer and four nails to nail the plywood into the wooden rungs, placing one nail in each corner of the plywood. Make sure the platforms are very secure when you're finished nailing them down. You may wish to use more nails, or substitute wood screws for a firmer hold. If you have a second piece of plywood to create another level, use the same procedure to nail it down.\n5. Install the hammock. Many cats enjoy sleeping in hammocks. If you'd like to add one to your cat tree, measure and cut your piece of cloth so that its four corners stretch between the four legs of the ladder. Nail or staple a corner of the fabric to the inside of each leg, making sure that the nails are all at the exact same height. Be sure the fabric you use for the hammock is thick enough to hold the weight of your cat. You can double the fabric or hem the edges before nailing it down to make it sturdier. Fabric that stretches a little is ideal for cat hammocks. Make sure nails or staples do not protrude in such a way that your cat could be scratched or cut. Tap your staples with hammer if necessary. Instead of a hammock, you can also use a carpeted concrete form tube, fastened to the ladder by attaching it to two 2X4 pieces of lumber secured to the base of the ladder with bolts, nails, or screws, between the legs. This will make your cat tree less portable, but also sturdier.\n6. Wrap the ladder legs in rope. If you want the cat tree to double as a scratching post, you can wrap the bottom of the ladder legs in strong, coarse rope. Cut the rope in four pieces. Use staples to secure the end of the first piece of rope to the inside of the base of one of the legs. Wrap the leg tightly with rope, tapping it down with a hammer if necessary. Secure the other end with a staple, making sure it is away from any areas the cat is most likely to scratch often. Repeat with the other four legs. If you want to, you can cover the legs entirely with rope, from top to bottom, using a new piece of rope between each rung of the ladder. This will allow your cat access to a scratchable surface nearly anywhere on its new cat tree.\n7. Finish up. Hang the toy you bought from the top of the ladder, somewhere the cat will be able to reach it, so as to entice your cat to come and play. Add any other finishing touches you want to make your cat tree unique and fun for your cat.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to create a strong burning charcoal fire?", + "input": "", + "output": "It may seem intimidating to start and maintain a strong fire, especially when charcoal is involved. However, with some basic equipment and knowledge of charcoal, anyone can have a professional BBQ going!\n\n## Use a chimney starter\n\n1. Use a chimney starter for an even, strong fire with minimal effort. Chimney starters are the easiest way to get a good charcoal fire, and you won't need any lighter fluid, either. You put paper in the bottom, fill the rest of the chimney with charcoal, and light the paper on fire. The heat is contained in the chimney, allowing all the charcoal to quickly catch fire before you dump it onto the grill to use for cooking. Chimney starters are usually between $15-$30, depending on size, and can be found online or in hardware stores. Most professional BBQ chefs and cooks highly recommend buying a chimney starter, as lighter fluid can influence smoke flavor and is harder to use when making an even heat fire.\n2. Place 2-4 pieces of lightly scrunched newspaper in the bottom of the starter. You only need to ball the paper up loosely, as having it too tight can prevent the flame from getting enough oxygen. The paper will act like a rapid, large match for your charcoal, starting the fire. If your chimney doesn't have a solid bottom, place the paper on the charcoal grate of your grill and lower the chimney on top of it.\n3. Fill the top of the chimney with charcoal briquets or wood chips. Fill the entire chimney up with your favorite charcoal, or a mixture of both. Use enough charcoal for your entire grill, as the chimney will ensure that everything is evenly lit. For a normal, 22\" grill this means roughly 40 briquets, but simply filling your chimney to the top should be a close enough estimate.\n4. Light the paper from the bottom in 2-3 places. Use long matches or a grill lighter to protect your hands. The paper will burn up quickly, but the concentrated flames and hot air will ignite the bottom charcoal, which will then light the rest of the chimney. Place your chimney on the charcoal grate of the grill or a heat-resistant surface as it heats up. It will get very hot, and can cause a fire if left unattended.\n5. Dump the coals on the grill the top pieces are covered in gray/white ash. As the heat rises in the chimney, the coals on top will catch and start to coat with white/gray ash. It usually takes 10-15 minutes to get hot enough. You are then ready to start grilling. Dump the coals in the center of the grill if you plan on keeping the whole grill surface hot, or on one-half of the grill if you want separate areas for direct and indirect cooking. If you plan to grill for more than a half hour then add several handfuls of charcoal now so that they catch as they others begin to fade..\n6. Make sure the vents are open for a larger fire. Open vents send more air and oxygen to the fire, helping it grow quickly. Keep the lid open as you position the coals and sear anything your want to grill, then close it to smoke the meat or cook it more slowly.\n\n\n## Use lighter fluid\n\n1. Open the bottom vents of your grill and remove the cooking grate. Get rid of the cooking grate, set the top aside, and open the bottom vents of the grill. You want as much air as possible to get to your charcoal in order to start an even, strong burning fire. Clean out any ash now, as it will smother your fire and keep the charcoal from lighting evenly.\n2. Form a \"pyramid\" of charcoal briquettes, with the peak in the center of the grill. Aim the opening of the bag into the center of the grill when dumping out the briquettes to naturally form a pyramid. Then use your hands or a pair of long-handled tongs to stack any other pieces of charcoal along the sides on the pyramid. Start with roughly half the number of briquettes outlined below to start your grill. Once it's hot, add charcoal, 5-7 piece at a time, to get the grill up to full strength. For a small, portable grill, you want 25-30 briquettes, or pieces of charcoal, when you start cooking. For a medium to average sized grill, you'll want roughly 40 briquettes. For a large or industrial grill, you will need 1 bag or more of charcoal to cook.\n3. Squirt a small amount of lighter fluid in the center of your pyramid. You don't want to drench your charcoal in the fluid, as it takes a while to burn and will make a thick, unappetizing smoke. Simply squirt the fluid for no more than a count of \"2 Mississippi\" around the center of the pyramid, trying to get the fluid in the middle. You can also start your pyramid, douse the inner briquets with fluid, then pile the \"top\" of the pyramid above the lighter fluid soaked briquets to make sure the whole pile gets hot. A mistake that many grillers make is using too much lighter fluid, which then imparts a petroleum-like tinge to the taste of their food. You do not need a lot of fluid, just enough to get a few pieces of charcoal smoking. These pieces will then help the rest of the pile catch.\n4. Let the briquettes with lighter fluid soak for 2-3 minutes. Do not light the grill immediately. Waiting allows the lighter fluid to soak into the top layer of charcoal, helping it to burn evenly.\n5. Apply a thin second layer of lighter fluid. Lightly squirt the pyramid with a few bursts of lighter fluid in several places, only letting it soak in for a few seconds. This is what will \"catch,\" so you don't want to drown the charcoal in fluid or you risk a dangerous flair up. You just want a few little areas of fluid to start your fire.\n6. Light the fire safely with a long match or electric lighter. Though lighter fluid is not made to flare up, it should still be treated with respect. Light the pile in 2-3 places where you put the lighter fluid, aiming to get the middle of the pile lit where possible. The fire will likely start large, with big flames leaping around the charcoals, but this is just the lighter fluid burning. Once the flames die down, the center of the pile should be smoking and developing white/gray coloring. This means your fire has caught.\n7. Spread the briquettes out once they are mostly covered in gray/white ash. Once you can barely see any black, the fire is ready for cooking. The inner coals of your pyramid should be glowing red. Spread the coals in your desired pattern, adding more if you plan on grilling for a long time. As a general rule of thumb, you should add a handful or two of coals every 30 minutes if you plan on continuing to grill. You want 1-2 layers of charcoal over your entire grilling area, not patches of charcoal or solitary, exposed coals. Charcoal maintains heat by staying clustered together, much like ice in a pack stays cold longer than separated cubes. If you've added charcoal, wait 5-6 minutes for them to catch. Since the heat of the rest of the charcoals is already hot enough, it should not take long.\n8. Seal up any unused briquets for next time. Use a clip to seal the top of the bag if you have leftovers in the bag. The additives in the charcoal will evaporate, making them harder to light next time with or without lighter fluid.\n\n\n## Build and keep a strong fire\n\n1. Pack your charcoals together for strong, direct heat. As you cook, use your tongs to keep the charcoals together, as solitary briquettes will quickly lose heat and do little to keep your fire going. You do not want them so well packed that they can't get air, but you also don't want them separated like many little islands.There are two styles of charcoal placement, depending on how you plan to cook:\n\t* \n\t* Even Grilling: Coat the entire bottom surface of the grill with two layers of charcoal. This allows the whole grill to reach a consistent, even temperature. If you're cooking food quickly and don't need any indirect heat (for large, slow-cooking cuts of meat), this is the way to go. Two-Zone Grilling: Shuffle all of the charcoals into an even pile on half of the grill, leaving the other half bare. This lets you cook foods quickly, directly over the charcoals, but also allows you to cook slower cuts by indirect heat on the opposite side of the grill. You can also keep already cooked food warm, on the empty side of the grill, or smoke them with grill top on.\n2. Add coals regularly to keep your grill burning hot. Don't wait until you're almost out of briquets to add more. Instead, add 5-10 pieces of charcoal when you have roughly half of your charcoals remaining, usually every 30 minutes. Wait 5-10 minutes while the new charcoal ignites and begins to get a white/gray coat on the outside before you resume cooking. If you feel like you need more coals, add them. More coals mean a hotter burning grill. Add slowly, putting on 5-6 at a time, until your grill reaches your desired heat.\n3. Keep the top and bottom vents open to get the hottest temperature. The more air you get to the fire, the hotter it will cook, so opening the vents is key to a hot, strong burning charcoal fire. The more oxygen you give to the flames. the hotter your grill will be. If you need to control the temperature, close one or both of the vents partially. Closing both of them at once can suffocate your fire and extinguish it. Closing the upper vent is also useful for smoking, as it lowers the temperature of the fire and traps the smoke in the grill around your food.\n4. Empty the ash frequently. There is a small lever that lets you open and close the bottom vents on your grill, and this same lever can be used to remove ash through the vents. Ash takes up space for air and will smother the coals as it builds up.\n5. Adding hardwood charcoal for added flavor and greater heat. Wood burns hotter than briquettes, leading to a smokier flavor and an easier sear. It also burns faster than briquettes, however, leading many cooks to use a combination of the two. This allows you to keep the fire burning for longer but still get a hot, smokey fire going to sear steaks or larger cuts or meat. Try hickory or applewood charcoal for the best, classic BBQ flavor and a strong fire.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to handle feeling out of place at work?", + "input": "", + "output": "Many people spend a large percentage of their lives at work. This can feel terrible if you are one of many people who feel detached and disengaged within the culture of their workplace. Workplace loneliness can impact your performance and engagement, so overcoming the feeling of not belonging is central to your success. Knowing how to connect with people at work is also an important professional skill that can help your career. Manage the feeling of being out of place at work by trying to figure out what caused it, making an effort to interact, and finding solutions for disengagement.\n\n## Address the feel\n\n1. Try to label what you're feeling. Ask yourself what is keeping you from belonging. Co-workers sometimes hang out with their own age group by default and maybe you're much older or younger. Perhaps you are a manager and feel excluded from your subordinates?Maybe everyone else has energy for the job, but you're dealing with burnout. There even may be varying levels of lifestyles, values, or interests separating you and your colleagues. Sit down with paper and a pen and try to list whatever reasons come to mind. After you make a tentative list, you can spend a few days observing yourself and your peers at work to see if your reasons are accurate.\n2. Change your internal dialogue. Sometimes, the biggest roadblock keeping you from connecting with people is in your own head. If you keep telling yourself you don't fit in, you won't. Your thought patterns can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy in which what you believe about yourself becomes true. If you're thinking you don't belong, you're awkward, or people won't like you, reframe your self-talk. Create a list of positive, realistic statements about your workplace connections, such as “I have much to offer as a friend” or “I enjoy the culture of my workplace, so I am certain to find people with common interests.”\n3. Consider any constructive criticism you have received. If your boss or a peer has recently expressed concern that you are not a team player, dominate conversations, or bring a toxic competitive vibe to the workplace, you may need to dial it back to feel like a part of the group. If you shrugged off their feedback without trying to make positive change, they may be excluding you on purpose. If this describes your circumstances, you have two options: you can stay the way you are and remain excluded or reflect on their feedback and find ways to improve. It's up to you, just know that if you choose to stay the same, you could be hurting your reputation and growth within your career.\n4. Get help. Your engagement at your job has a major influence on your career growth and life satisfaction. If you can't seem to identify what's keeping you from fitting in, you made need to seek out professional assistance. If you are struggling with self-esteem issues or social anxiety, you should see a mental health expert. If you are dissatisfied with your choice of work or feel like your workplace does not align with your values, it may help to see a career counselor. Look into leadership or self-help workshops to get help with specific areas of personal development. One good option for leadership and self-improvement training is called Landmark Education.\n\n\n## Attempt to interact\n\n1. Set a daily conversation quota. Not belonging doesn't feel good, so even if you don't make any major changes, it can still make you feel better to interact more often. Make a personal goal to have one or two conversations with a peer at work each day. Think of some conversation starters to make it easier. Increase your chances of conversing by hanging out with your co-workers more. If they eat in the break room, don't take your lunch at your desk or work-station. Join them. Then, listen to their discussion and participate when you have something of value to add. For example, your co-workers are discussing vacation plans and one of them mentions a trip to a specific location. If you have an interest in that place, you might say, “That sounds so exciting! What sorts of excursions are you planning during your visit?”\n2. Focus on the other person, not on your own shyness. If you are shy or hesitant about chatting it up with your co-workers, follow this rule-of-thumb: don't dwell on how shy you feel, turn your attention completely to the other person. Act as if you are serving them in a way—try to make them smile or laugh, get them talking about their own life. When you're worried about how you're coming off to others, you might over-analyze and end up ruining a perfectly decent interaction. Take a break from focusing on yourself and devote your attention to the other speaker. Make sure to ask open-ended questions to keep the other person talking. These are questions that invite elaboration and that don't have a simple yes or no answer. Be willing to share about yourself as well to keep the conversation going and to form a genuine connection.\n3. Don't turn down invitations. If you're notorious for responding with “no” each time your peers invite you to lunch or to after-work drinks, they'll quickly stop asking. No one wants to be rejected over and over again, so you may have inadvertently caused them to exclude you. When you catch them discussing plans, ask if you can tag along. Or, if someone directly invites you, try to say “yes” unless you absolutely cannot go. Practicing saying yes to invites can improve your work life and your personal life. Accept a set amount of invitations per week and invite people to do things as well.\n4. Ask a co-worker out for coffee or similar. If the group as a whole makes you self-conscious, target one particularly non-intimidating, friendly co-worker. Making just one social connection at work can help you feel less isolated. Plus, once this person gets to know you, they might encourage the others to do the same. Say something like, “Hey, Carla, I enjoyed our talk earlier. It's refreshing to talk to another newbie mom. Would you like to get coffee together one morning before work?”\n5. Suggest to your boss the idea of workplace socials. If your workplace culture doesn't emphasize inclusion, you might not be the only one feeling left out. Make a recommendation to your superior to stimulate connectedness with group events. Plan a potluck lunch or dinner to celebrate a company victory. Start a baseball, cricket, soccer, netball or basketball team.\n6. Seek advice about purposeful exclusion. Maybe your co-workers seem to have a vendetta against you, overlooking you for social outings and never including you in workplace gift exchanges. If this is the case, you will have to carefully consider how you choose to move forward. The best thing to do is to talk with someone you trust at your workplace about what has been happening. It can also help to first share your worries with a trusted friend. You might say, \"I get the sense that I am the odd one out at work. They never include me. And they stop talking whenever I come around. What should I do?\" Even if you don't take your friend's advice, it can help to have some unbiased support.\n\n\n## Deal with disengagement\n\n1. Resist acting out to get attention. Studies show that when an employee feels excluded, they may engage in acting out behaviors to get noticed. Examples might include cutting co-workers out of projects, cheating, lying, or aggressively competing. If you are tempted to behave this way, think about the possible repercussions first. Acting out will only make you feel more excluded, and it could jeopardize your job too.\n2. Set an objective workplace goal. Chances are you could be disengaged from work because you no longer feel challenged. Simply because your job description doesn't entail any lofty accomplishments or goals doesn't mean you can't strive for them. Create your own personal goals to work towards. This could be just what you need to feel passionate about your work and reconnect with the group. For example, you might aim to get so many reports done by 5pm each day. Or, you might develop a track to move towards a promotion or transfer to a new company. Try to focus on what you can control and avoid trying to control things that are outside of your control.\n3. Reevaluate the job. If the work you do and the people you do it with leave you feeling lackluster, you could be in the wrong career. If you have to change the way you act, undermine your values, or fantasize about leaving your job each day, pay attention to these cues. The culture of your workplace is just as important to your satisfaction as the actual position and salary. It may be time to quit. Re-examine why you got onto this career path or took this job.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to love your body?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Develop the right mind set\n\n1. Do not compare yourself to others. Our standards for beauty are majorly influenced by media, Hollywood, and popular culture. Through these outlets, we develop negative judgements of our bodies by comparing ourselves to photoshopped pictures and glamorized movie stars. These images are created and altered by computers and are not realistic goals to achieve. Popular media can be hard to ignore, but you can loosen the grip of majority rule by deciding to love your body because your body is real. Whenever you see an image in a magazine, commercial ad, or some other media outlet, remind yourself that the image is false. The person you are looking at has most likely been air brushed and altered to look like that. You should not compare yourself to computerized images.\n2. Give yourself compliments. Having love in your life starts with loving yourself. You should view and treat yourself with the same kindness and admiration you would with someone you love. You probably wouldn't critique another person's body for the same things you critique on yourself. Don't hesitate to give yourself a compliment, go easy on your mistakes, and forgive yourself when you mess up. Drop the self-hatred, and replace it with understanding and appreciation. Look in the mirror and say \"I am attractive, confident, and amazing!\" Keep that up and eventually you will see yourself in a more positive light. When you accomplish a goal, let yourself know how proud you are of yourself. Look into a mirror and say, \"Great job, I am so proud of you.\"\n3. Practice gratitude. Appreciate what you have and love your inner-self. Do not let the number on the scale or your pant size define who you are or of what you are capable. Nothing good will come from being mean to yourself when you look in the mirror. Here are some ways to practice gratitude in your everyday life:\n\t* When a bad situation presents itself, do not let it get you down. Instead, ask yourself what you can learn from it when you look back on it and what you may be grateful for. Make a vow not to be negative or criticize for ten days. If you slip up, forgive yourself and keep going. You will notice how much energy you were wasting on negative thoughts. Keep a gratitude journal to write down the things you are grateful for everyday. Your body is a miracle, and you should celebrate all of the gifts your body has given you. Think about all of your great accomplishments, relationships, and activities you love that your body has allowed you to have and record them everyday.\n4. Make a list of all of the positive things in your life. Everyone has insecurities, but the key is focusing on what you like about yourself and your life. It can be easy to let the negatives outweigh the positives, but making a list can help prevent this. Start off by finding one thing that you like about yourself, no matter how small. Once you are feeling more confident in that thing, identify a second thing and so on. Build up a list of things you love about yourself, and when you hear a negative thought pop into your head, immediately refocus on the list. Eventually, you will see more positive qualities than negative.\n5. Steer clear of negativity. Stay away from people who often rant about their bodies. Their insecurities can rub off onto you and get you thinking about what problems you may have. Life is too precious to waste time self-loathing or knit-picking about your body, especially when your own self perceptions are usually more critical than what anyone else thinks. If someone starts to bash or criticize their own body or life, do not engage in the negativity. Instead, change the subject or make your exit.\n6. Exude confidence. When you act like you have confidence, you will feel good about yourself. Even if you don't feel like you have any, pretend. Pull back your shoulders, tilt your head up, and smile. Smiling is one of the biggest things you can do to improve both your self-image and the way others see you. If you hold yourself confidently, inner confidence will follow.\n\n\n## Practice healthy habit\n\n1. Practice healthy hygiene. To feel good about yourself, and show respect to your body, start every day with a refreshing shower. Use nice smelling soap, wash your face, and put deodorant on after you shower. This will keep you refreshed, confident around people, and help send positive thoughts to your mind.\n2. Wear comfortable clothes that help you feel good. Everything in your closet should complement your current body shape and appeal to you. Don't wear something uncomfortable just to impress others if it makes you feel self-conscious. Remember, you always look better being yourself. Wear clean clothes free of tears or rips to dress your body the way it deserves. Buy matching underwear and bras even if you are the only one who will see them. This tells your inner-self that you are doing this for you and only you.\n3. Commit to daily affirmations. Affirmations are positive statements that are meant to be repeated until the mind starts to believe them as true. Verbalizing what you like about yourself helps your brain to remember more easily than just thinking thoughts silently. You can personalize your daily affirmations however you see fit, just make sure they are positive statements. Here is a great statement to start with:\n\t* Everyday, look into a mirror, and say, \"I am beautiful; I am loved; I love myself as I am.\"\n4. Eat a well-balanced diet. Make a goal to eat fruits and vegetables each day to nourish your body and thank it for all that it gives you. This will not only give you a glow and long-lasting health benefits, but it will teach you how to respect your body. This does not mean that you have to stick to a strict dietary plan, but do make an effort to eliminate junk food and eat healthier to fuel your body.\n5. Get regular exercise. The best way to love your body is to partake in physical activities that are good for you and help you feel good. Don't just exercise to lose weight, but do it to take care of your heart and overall health. For example, yoga is good for relaxation, core strength and general well being, whereas sports are an excellent way to release energy productively and has been shown to improve mood.\n\n\n## Find support\n\n1. Ask others what they love about you. Although it may be scary and intimidating, ask your friends and loved ones what they think your best qualities are. This will help boost your confidence and remind you that your body has given you so many gifts. You will most likely be surprised at the wonderful things they see in you that you often miss. Here is a way you can ask:\n\t* Start off by giving your friend or loved one a great compliment, and then ask, \"What do you think is my best quality?\"\n2. Surround yourself with people who love themselves. People develop the attitude and behaviors of the people who surround them. If you keep positive influences in your life, you will adopt those attitudes which will help you love yourself, inside and out. Look for people who are optimistic, work hard toward their goals, and respect themselves.\n3. Follow after your role models. Think about all of the people either directly in your life, or those who have accomplished amazing things that you admire. Those individuals are most likely renowned and respected for their accomplishments outside of their bodies. Use this to help you remember that your body does not stand in the way of your life or happiness. Your body can help you pursue all of your dreams and desires. Think about your family members, close friends, or someone you have never met but always admired, and make a list of their best qualities. Then, ask yourself if their self-image or body made the list, or kept them from achieving their accomplishments.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to service an air conditioner?", + "input": "", + "output": "Whether you're starting your air conditioner for the first time this year, or a unit isn't running properly and you need to service an air conditioner, following a few simple steps can save you time and money. While some service jobs should be left to a professional, there are several do-it-yourself fixes you can do to keep your air conditioner cooling all summer long.\n\n## Clean the air conditioner\n\n1. Make sure the unit is turned off either at the on/off switch and unplugging it or by shutting off the circuit breaker. Servicing the a/c while it's connected to power may result in electrocution.\n2. Check the small copper pipe connecting the unit to the house. If it feels hot, the unit's coils are most likely dirty and need to be washed.\n3. Rake any leaves and debris away from the unit before you start to service an air conditioner.\n4. Take the cover off the unit, and locate the air conditioner coils (they look like a car radiator).\n5. Use a soft brush to brush any dirt and debris off the outside cover.\n6. Cover the motor and wiring with a plastic sheet.\n7. Hose down the fins, coils and inside of the unit.\n8. Check your owner's manual. Some air conditioner units require the motor be lubricated. Do this now while your unit is open.\n9. Replace the unit cover, and turn it on to make sure it runs properly. The air conditioner filter should also be replaced every few months. It is usually located near the return air duct by the furnace.\n\n\n## Check air conditioner function\n\n1. Start at the unit control or thermostat. Turn the unit on and make sure it kicks in and runs properly. If the unit doesn't run, call a technician.\n2. Listen for any strange noises while the unit runs. If you hear any squealing or knocking the unit's motor and belts may need lubricating or replacing. It's best to call a certified technician to do these jobs.\n3. Check the room temperature in each of the home's rooms by carrying a hand held thermometer into the room. Leave the thermometer in the room for a few minutes to give it time to adjust and make sure all the rooms are equal in temperature.\n4. Make sure the temperature of the rooms agrees with the thermostat on your air conditioner unit as well. If they are not the same, a technician can help you diagnose and correct the problem.\n5. Look for water dripping or pooling anywhere by the air return or unit outside.\n\n\n## Fix pool water issue\n\n1. Check for leaks in the tubing where the water is pooling. If there are any cracks, holes or leaks the tube should be replaced.\n2. Find the drain where the water condensation should be draining into. There should be a floor drain near the condensation pipe located by the furnace/air conditioner central unit.\n3. Clean the drain of any debris if the water seems to be pooling on top of it.\n4. Pour water into the condensation drain pan and watch for the condensation pump to start working. The pump should activate and pump the water out and to the drain. If the pump doesn't remove the water, the drain pan is probably overfilling and the pump will need to be replaced by a technician.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to eat to slow down bone loss in menopause?", + "input": "", + "output": "Your bones reach their peak bone mass level when you are in your 30s, and then bone mass starts to decline. For women approaching menopause, bone loss is an even bigger concern because bone cell regeneration begins to slow around this time. However, there are steps that you can take to prevent bone loss, including avoiding certain foods, eating calcium-rich foods, and taking other preventative measures like exercising and having a bone mineral density test. Learn how to eat to get the right blend of vitamins and minerals and reduce your chances of losing bone mass as you age.\n\n## Reduce bone loss with food choices\n\n1. Steer clear of soft drinks. Many carbonated beverages contain phosphoric acid, which can affect your body’s ability to absorb calcium. Phosphoric acid causes you to lose calcium when you urinate. To reduce the calcium that you lose from drinking sodas, limit or avoid sodas altogether. Try drinking beverages that do not contain phosphoric acid, such as club soda, water, herbal teas, black or green teas, or fortified orange juice.\n2. Watch your sodium intake. Sodium is a major cause of calcium loss and a high-sodium diet has been linked with developing osteoporosis. The more sodium you have in your diet, the more calcium you will need to get in order to make up for it. Try to limit your sodium intake to 2,300 mg per day to help reduce your calcium loss.\n3. Limit caffeine. Caffeine also reduces your body’s ability to absorb calcium, so it is important to keep your caffeine intake under control to prevent low calcium levels. If you want to eliminate bone loss from caffeine intake, you can switch to decaf or choose beverages that are naturally caffeine free, such as peppermint or chamomile tea. Try not to exceed 300 milligrams of caffeine per day. That’s about the equivalent of 2 8 fl oz (240 mL) cups of coffee. Try switching to tea. It is lower in caffeine than coffee and has been shown to protect bones from calcium loss.\n4. Cook from scratch whenever possible. Food that is processed lacks trace minerals that have a protective effect on bones. To make sure that you are getting the most nutrient-dense diet possible, cook your meals from scratch whenever you can. Try choosing fresh instead of frozen or canned vegetables, make your own bread, cook whole grains such as brown rice, and avoid pre-packaged prepared foods.\n5. Choose quality proteins. Since bones are made up of mostly protein, getting enough of the right kind of protein is an important part of maintaining bone density. Try to avoid red meat as much as possible since it tends to be more acidic and may reduce the amount of calcium that your body can absorb. Make sure that you include enough quality protein sources for your size and gender to reduce bone loss. Good sources of protein include:\n\t* Eggs\n\t* Dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt\n\t* Poultry, such as chicken and turkey\n\t* Seafood, such as salmon, halibut, and shrimp\n6. Skip the soy unless your doctor recommends it. Soy has been found to have adverse effects on the absorption of calcium as well, so it is best to avoid eating too much soy. Even if a soy product is fortified with calcium, your body won’t absorb the calcium well. If you rely on soy as a primary source of protein, then it is a good idea to take a calcium supplement for extra protection. On the other hand, some studies have shown that eating soy-based foods may improve bone health overall and reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis. Talk to your doctor or a dietitian about whether you should incorporate soy into your diet.\n7. Eat sources of Vitamin K. There are 2 forms of vitamin K: K1(phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone). The combination is sometimes called MK7 in commercial supplement products. You should aim for about 250-1000 mcg of K1 and 45-180 mcg of K2 per day. Eat a good source of vitamin K 2 to 3 times a week to get these amounts or take a supplement. Natural food sources of vitamin K include:\n\t* Sauerkraut\n\t* Aged cheese\n\t* Natto (a soy product)\n\t* Kimchee (fermented Korean cabbage)\n\t* Beef liver\n\t* Green tea\n\t* Turnip greens\n\t* Broccoli\n\t* Kale\n\t* Spinach\n\t* Cabbage\n\t* Asparagus\n\t* Dark green lettuce\n\n\n## Get more calcium\n\n1. Drink and eat low-fat dairy products. Dairy products provide a significant amount of calcium, so make sure that you include 2 to 3 servings of dairy per day in order to get enough calcium. Since dairy products are naturally high in fat, it is a good idea to seek out low-fat and fat free dairy products. Milk has long been known as a good source of calcium and it should be a staple in your diet if you are trying to avoid bone loss. Drink 2 to 3 glasses of low-fat or non-fat milk per day. Cheese and yogurt are also good sources calcium, although they do not contain as much calcium as milk does. Choose low-fat cheese and yogurt to reduce your intake of unhealthy fats.\n2. Include canned sardines and salmon in your diet. Certain canned fish, such as sardines and salmon, are also good sources of calcium, as long as you eat the bones. The fish bones tend to be softer in canned fish, so they are edible. When eaten fresh, certain types of fish are good sources of vitamin D as well. For example, salmon, tuna, and mackerel are good sources of vitamin D.\n3. Have some leafy greens. Leafy greens such as kale, Chinese cabbage, turnip greens, and collard greens are also good sources of calcium. Try sautéing some greens, adding them to a soup, or using them in place of your usual salad greens.\n4. Choose calcium-fortified orange juice. Drinking orange juice that has been fortified with calcium may also help you to prevent bone loss. Choose fortified orange juice as well as other types of fortified beverages to get a little more calcium in your diet.\n5. Take a supplement that contains calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D. To ensure that you are getting enough calcium in your diet every day, take a supplement that contains calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D. To help prevent bone loss, it is crucial to get enough magnesium and vitamin D along with calcium. It may be easier for your body to absorb calcium if you take it in smaller doses with meals (500 mg at a time). However, it is possible to get too much calcium, so talk to your doctor about the best amount and type of calcium supplement for you.\n\n\n## Take other step\n\n1. Get regular exercise. Performing regular weight-bearing exercise is a good way to build bone mass and prevent bone loss as well. Weight-bearing exercises include walking, dancing, jogging, and dancing. Non-weight bearing exercises include biking and swimming. Try going for a 30-minute walk most days of the week to get in some weigh-bearing exercise and help prevent bone loss.\n2. Spend time in the sun. The best way to get your daily dose of vitamin D is to spend about 15–20 minutes in the sun without sunblock every day. Exposure to the sun allows your body to produce its own vitamin D. Since this may not always be possible, especially during the winter in some places, supplementing with vitamin D is still advised.\n3. Get tested for osteoporosis. One serious problem with osteoporosis is that it can be symptomless. Many women will not know that they have osteoporosis until after a bone fracture. That is why it is a good idea to have a bone mineral density (BMD) test if you are at risk of osteoporosis. This test is often called a DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) and can help your healthcare professional to diagnose osteoporosis. Women over the age of 65 are at higher risk of developing osteoporosis, but other women under the age of 65 may be affected as well. Ask your doctor about getting a DEXA scan if you have:\n\t* Broken a bone from doing something that should not have caused a broken bone, like falling from a standing position\n\t* A chronic condition such as rheumatoid arthritis, kidney disease, or an eating disorder\n\t* Early onset menopause\n\t* Undergone hormone treatments, such as for prostate or breast cancer\n\t* Lost a noticeable amount of height\n\t* A history of smoking or currently smoke\n\t* Family members who have had osteoporosis\n\t* Been taking certain medications, such as corticosteroid or thyroid hormone replacement medications\n\t* A tendency to drink 3 or more alcoholic beverages most days\n4. Learn your T-score and Z-score. The results of a DEXA scan are known as a “T-score” and a “Z-score,” though for most people, the T-score is most important. In both the T-scores and the Z-scores, a negative number indicates that your bones are thinner or more porous than they should be. A higher negative number means that you have a higher risk of a bone fracture. If your T-score is between 0 and -1.0, this is considered normal. A T-score between -1 and -2.5 indicates that you have early osteoporosis, known as osteopenia. A T-score of less than -2.5 indicates osteoporosis.\n\n\n## When to seek medical treatment\n\n1. See your doctor if you have symptoms of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis doesn’t always have symptoms, especially in its early stages. However, there are some signs and symptoms you can look out for if you’re going through menopause or have other risk factors for osteoporosis. Call your doctor right away if:You’ve recently fractured a bone, especially if the fracture happened more easily than expected\n\t* You are experiencing frequent back pain\n\t* You notice your posture becoming stooped\n\t* You’re not as tall as you used to be\n2. Ask your doctor about medical treatment or prevention options. Diet and lifestyle changes can help prevent or slow bone loss associated with menopause, but there are also medical options. If you’re going through menopause and are at risk of developing osteoporosis, your doctor may recommend taking hormone therapy, vitamin D supplements, or osteoporosis medications. Common osteoporosis medications include:Bisphosphonates, a type of medication that prevents bone loss\n\t* Injected medications that can prevent bone loss and even stimulate new bone growth, such as denosumab (Prolia) and teriparatide (Forteo)\n3. Talk to your doctor before making major diet or lifestyle changes. Your individual diet and exercise needs depend on a lot of factors, including your age, weight, and overall health. Before drastically changing your diet or starting a new exercise regimen, talk to your doctor about what’s safe and healthy for you. For example, if you already have osteoporosis or a related condition, such as osteoarthritis, your doctor may advise avoiding certain types of exercise. Talk to them about doing forms of exercise that are easy on your bones and joints, such as low-impact aerobics, swimming, biking, or fast walking. Always let your doctor know before you take any dietary supplements, since these could interfere with medications or supplements you are already taking, or affect any medical conditions you might have.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to wear a cowboy hat properly?", + "input": "", + "output": "Cowboy hats have a long tradition, both for functional purposes while working and as a fashion statement. Even if it seems as simple as setting the hat on your head and going about your business, there are some rules to follow if you want to wear a cowboy hat properly. You need to get a hat that fits right, shape it a little bit, make sure the front is forward, and angle to give your look the proper attitude.\n\n## Choose your hat\n\n1. Get the right size. The first step to properly wearing a cowboy hat is making sure the hat is the right size and fits your head properly. Cowboy hats should typically fit snug around your head. If you are buying one, know your hat size ahead of time but also try the hat on before you buy it.\n2. Fix your current hat to fit better. You may have a hat already that is just barely too big but not big enough that you would want to get a smaller size. You can fix this. You can buy foam strip that is specifically made to put into hats to make them fit tighter. Depending on how much you need, and the shape of your head, you can either put this foam all the way around, or you can put a little in the front and back, just on the sides, or even just the front or just the back. Figure out where your hat is fitting too loosely. If the whole hat is sitting too low on your head, you probably want to put some sizing foam around the whole hat. There should be a band around the inside of the hat that you can flip up and place the foam strip under. Then flip the band back down before wearing the hat.\n3. Pick the right hat. You have a lot of options when it comes to cowboy hats. The main material choices are felt (made of beaver or rabbit pelt), leather, and straw. Felt hats are warmer so they tend to be worn more in the cold seasons. Straw hats are better for staying cool during hot days.\n4. Shape your hat. Most cowboy hats can be conformed to a certain shape by gently bending and squeezing them. How exactly you do this will depend on the material of the hat itself. You want the front and back of the brim to be fairly flat. Curl the sides so they stick up just slightly. You don’t want to curl them too tightly. You can also gently dent the sides of the crown of the hat. No tools are required for this. Simply use your hands.\n\n\n## Put the hat on your head\n\n1. Adjust your hair. You need to make sure that your hair does not get in the way of your hat sitting properly on your head. If you have short hair, this won’t apply to you. For longer hair, it can be a good idea to slick your hair back so it lays smoothly. Don’t pile your hair up on your head in any way. If you need to tie it in place, a ponytail that hangs straight down is the best option.\n2. Put the bow to the back. One of the most basic rules is making sure that the hat is on your head correctly with the front to the front. Most cowboy hats have a small bow on the inside lining around the headband. The bow should be in the back of your head. If your hat does not have this bow, a general rule is that the hat will be narrower at the front.\n3. Angle your brim accordingly. Positioning your hat in different ways can affect the way you look in the way. If you want to appear casual and friendly, tilt the front of the hat up just slightly so you can see about half of you forehead. To look more serious, or almost mysterious, lower the brim to just above your eyebrows. Slanting the hat slightly to the left or right will give you an appearance of being confident, almost to the point of looking for women or for trouble.\n4. Pick the right outfit. Your best and simplest bet to wear with a cowboy hat is a button up shirt, jeans, and a nice pair of cowboy boots. The shirt be a plain color or plaid. Flannel shirt work well too. You want basic, straight leg blue jeans with no extra pockets on the sides, no designs or extra buttons on the back pockets, no intentional bleaching or stain marks. Just classic blue jeans. If you are going to wear a cowboy hat, boots are pretty much a must. It’s going to look wrong if you try to go out with some sneakers on. You should also tuck in your shirt and most likely wear a nice black or brown leather belt. Fancy belt buckle is optional.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to wear long coats?", + "input": "", + "output": "A long coat is a nice item to have in any closet, especially for people living in colder climates. There is a variety of styles of long coats as well as ways you can wear them. Make your long coat work for you by finding a style that fits you, dressing it down for casual daily wear, or adding it on top of a dressy outfit for a formal occasion.\n\n## Choose the right coat\n\n1. Try a fit-and-flare coat for the illusion of a thinner waist. For a long coat that hides a thick waist, try a fit-and-flare style. These coats fit tighter around the waist and then flare out at the hips. The tops are often double-breasted, and there are strategically placed seams on them to create a thinner look. Solid black and vertical stripes also make people look thinner. Experiment with these colors if you’re concerned about making your waist look thinner.\n2. Balance out wide hips with a voluminous collar on your coat. If you’d like to create the illusion of smaller hips, choose a coat that has a large collar such as a shawl collar or large faux-fur collar. The volume of the collar will draw attention away from the bottom half of your coat.\n3. Add curves to a narrow frame with a belted coat. Belts add dimension to long, straight coats. Look for a long coat with a thick wrap-around belt if you’d like to make your thin frame look curvier. Subtle pleats around the waist also help to add curves. Colors and patterns that add dimension for a thin person include light colors and plaid.\n4. Hide a rounder belly with a full-length men’s coat. Most younger men today wear knee-length long coats, but that length looks best on trim men who can wear a more form-fitting coat. Full-length coats go past the knee to the mid-calf, and are nice for disguising a heavier figure. Full-length coats are also considerably warmer, so they are ideal for cold climates.\n5. Go with a double-breasted knee-length coat if you’re petite. Long coats can easily swallow up a short person. A way to solve this is to keep the coat around knee-length or just past your knees. Double-breasted coats with a large envelope collar keep a proportioned look to a longer coat worn on a petite person. If you are of an average or taller height, you can easily pull off full-length coats that go past the knee to your mid-calf or below.\n6. Do the hug test to make sure the coat isn’t too small. It’s easy to buy a long coat that’s too small because the length of the coat may make you think it fits you. To check, try the coat on and wrap your arms around yourself, trying to touch the opposite shoulder with each hand. If the coat feels really tight in the shoulders or elbows, you should go with the next size up. You can also check the sleeve length by holding your arms straight out in front of you. If the sleeves go up 2–3 in (5.1–7.6 cm) past your wrists, you probably need the next size up. The sleeve end should fall within 1 in (2.5 cm) of you wrist when your arms are up, and go almost to your knuckles when they are down.\n7. Check that the shoulder seams line up with your shoulders. On a properly fitting coat, the shoulder seams should line up with your shoulders. If they go down near your biceps, the coat is either too big or it is supposed to have an oversized shape to it. Either try on the next size down, or confirm that oversized is the style that you’re going for. Consider getting a coat tailored for you if cannot find a coat that fits correctly across your chest and shoulders as well as the length of your arms.\n8. Choose a wool coat for the longest winter wear. Long coats come in a variety of fabrics, but if you’re planning to wear your coat for a long time during the winter, invest in 100% wool or a wool-cashmere blend. Coats made with all cashmere tend to show wear much faster. If you intend to wear your jacket in fall, spring, or summer weather, you have more options for fabric, including cotton and twill.\n\n\n## Wear a long coat casually\n\n1. Wear a black coat with ripped jeans and sneakers for a go-anywhere look. Long black coats are versatile because they can be casual or formal. Pair yours with ripped blue or black skinny jeans, a fitted graphic T-shirt, and your favorite sneakers. Plain white sneakers are a popular classic with this look, but you can experiment with vintage, black and white, or skate style sneakers to individualize the style.\n2. Pair baggy trousers with an oversized maxi coat and sunglasses for comfort. If you’re looking to stay both comfortable and warm this winter, wear baggy black trousers rolled at the ankles with a cozy V-neck shirt under any color oversized maxi coat. Grey is a popular coat color for this look, but you can try navy or even a patterned coat. Sunglasses pull off the chic casual style of this look. Go with plain black glasses of any shape that you like. Try this look with either white sneakers or laced ankle boots.\n3. Wear a floor length coat with flared denim as an elegant-casual crossover. Floor-length coats take the classic long coat a few steps further; you can pull off a very cute, elegant casual look by pairing one with flared denim jeans. Wear this with an oversized knit sweater and dressy boots to complete the look. Add large sunglasses and a scarf to this look for extra flare.\n4. Try a long camel coat with a scarf for an intellectual touch. Long camel coats have an automatically sophisticated feel to them and are popular in the fall. Pair yours with black skinny jeans and a wide oversized scarf to look ready to hit the books. Complete this look with crisp white low-cut sneakers, a sweater, and pair of glasses.\n5. Add a beanie to any long coat for a fun casual look. Take the seriousness out of a long coat by adding a slouchy beanie on your head. Wear jeans or sweatpants, a long-sleeved T-shirt, and a pair of ankle boots or sneakers to finish off this casual style.\n6. Make an extra-long coat punk with colorful lace-up ankle boots. To achieve an 80s punk-inspired look, wear black skinny jeans and a button-down shirt with combat style boots under a mid-calf coat. To really finish off this look, add a few 1 inch (2.5 cm) band pins, or badges, to the lapels of your coat. Wear a pair of black sunglasses with this look to give it an extra rock-star vibe.\n7. Pair a pale maxi coat with cropped denim and a white T-shirt in the spring. Long coats aren’t just for fall and winter; you can pair lighter long jackets with a variety of spring looks as well. Try a pale blue, pink, or white long coat with light blue cropped jeans or shorts. Add a colorful fitted T-shirt and sandals to complete the look. Instead of denim, wear a short spring sundress and casual sandals under your light long coat for cute but informal effect.\n\n\n## Dress up with a long coat\n\n1. Wear a long coat over black cigarette pants and heels for a sophisticated look. A long coat that’s camel, grey, navy, red, or patterned looks great over top of black cigarette pants and heels. Wear a black blouse with this outfit, and try to match your heels with the coat for the best effect. For example, a camel coat with this outfit looks elegant with a pair of shiny nude heels.\n2. Try a long faux-fur coat with strappy heels for an elegant edge. No need to spend lots of money on real fur – there are many nice faux fur options out there for coats. Choose a black or white faux-fur coat and pair it with strappy heels, a short or mid-length skirt, or capris pants for an elegant look. Either chunky or stiletto heels work for this look; just make sure they are high and strappy.\n3. Pair leather leggings and heels with an extra-long black coat for serious glam. Find yourself a pair of black faux leather leggings and combine them with black heels of your choice for a glamourous look. Wear a simple white blouse underneath to finish off this look. Add a pair of classic large black sunglasses to this look for some extra glam.\n4. Wear a long unbuttoned coat over a cocktail dress for a night out. Go with a plain button-down black coat over a dark colored dress in the winter, or pair a lightweight camel trench coat over a light-colored or floral dress in the summer. Add heels to match your dress and jewelry to be ready for any formal occasion.\n5. Wear a Paletot or Guards’ coat for versatility. The Paletot and Guards’ coat styles are classic business coats for men that can be worn for any formal occasion. They are double-breasted with 2 rows of 6 buttons and peaked lapels. Navy blue or charcoal colors of this coat can be worn to a business meeting, over a tuxedo, or to a funeral.\n6. Pair a fitted long coat with dress trousers and loafers for any formal occasion. Dress trousers and shiny loafers, paired with a tucked button-down shirt, look sharp under any fitted long coat. Match your trousers to the coat and choose a dark colored shirt in the winter, or a lighter colored shirt in the summer. Add a tie that compliments your shirt to make this look extra formal.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to be a domestic goddess?", + "input": "", + "output": "Being a domestic goddess has distinct advantages, regardless of whether you live alone or serve as the matron of a big family. If you lack cleaning, cooking, and sewing skills, learning to master these tasks may seem intimidating. The key is to start small and avoid overwhelming yourself. With time and patience, you can polish your skills to goddess level.\n\n## Part one: chores and home maintenance\n\n1. Set a daily routine. There are a handful of chores you should do each day if you want to maintain a clean and clutter-free domestic heaven. Thankfully, these chores are quick enough to squeeze in even if you work a job outside of the home or have a houseful of kids to attend to. To reduce your stress as much as possible, plan on accomplishing each of these daily chores during a certain time of the day. Organizing your time may help you relieve some of the anxiety you feel about getting everything done. Daily tasks you'll need to make time for include making the bed, sorting the mail, and sweeping or vacuuming the floor. Other daily tasks should be performed as you go along. These include putting things away (to prevent clutter from developing), cleaning up as you cook, and wiping up fresh spills.\n2. Make a weekly schedule. Some chores only need to be done once or twice a week. Instead of rushing around to get these chores done all at once, plan on doing a little each day and set aside certain days for certain tasks. You'll likely feel more relaxed about getting things done, which means you'll do a better, more thorough job. Clean the bathrooms once a week. Make sure that you wash all bath linens and scrub all toilets, tubs, and sinks. Empty the trash, clean the mirrors, dust the lights, and wipe up the floor. The bedrooms in your home also need a thorough weekly cleaning. Put away anything that has been sitting out on a desk or side table. Clean all sheets, pillowcases, and blankets. Empty the trash, dust all the surfaces, and vacuum the floor. You may need to vacuum your living room, kitchen, and dining room every day or two, but other chores, like dusting, washing rugs/mats, and wiping mirrors, can be done once a week.\n3. Experiment with different cleaning products. Not every household cleaner is just as good as every other. Moreover, different types of cleaners may work better on different areas of your home. If there is some part of your usual cleaning routine that leaves a lot to be desired, figure out why your current cleaner is not doing the job right and research which options might be better. Compare chemical and organic products. Nowadays, many people prefer cleaning products made from natural ingredients instead of chemical cleaners. Natural cleaners have their own pros and cons, just as chemical cleaners have, but it doesn't hurt to include a few organic products among those you plan on testing out. Ask your friends for suggestions or do some research online about your different options. Test a few different products out on a trial basis. Pay close attention to which products work best with different materials—wood, glass, ceramic, plastic, and so on.\n4. Be handy. The modern domestic goddess needs to know a bit more about the handy side of home care than earlier counterparts did. You don't need to know how to maintain all the systems and utilities in your home, but learning how to take care of a few basic projects is a wise move. At minimum, your home tool kit should contain a hammer and a few different screwdrivers. These tools will allow you to do simple tasks like hanging pictures and making small repairs to things like toys, cabinets, and drawers.\n5. Organize your realm. Clutter is the natural enemy of any domestic goddess. If you want to maintain a living space that any mortal would be envious of, you need to keep things orderly and in their place. Brush up on space-saving techniques and similar skills to keep your belongings in check. This is especially important if you're dealing with limited space. Get rid of any unnecessary junk first, then organize everything that has a purpose in a way that makes sense based on your needs.\n6. Master the laundry. Laundry is one chore that you will never be able to avoid if you want to be a domestic goddess. Your current laundry skills might be adequate, but you should still continue to watch out for aspects of your laundry routine that could stand to use improvement. Consider assigning different laundry tasks to different days, as well. For instance, you can clean bathroom towels on Tuesday, bed sheets and pillowcases on Wednesday, and any other miscellaneous towels or blankets on Thursday. Clothing will need to be cleaned throughout the week, though. Read the labels before you wash something and follow the laundering instructions provided. If you aren't sure whether or not an item will bleed color in the washing machine, test it by soaking a small spot and blotting that spot with a white cloth. Wash colors and whites separately. Also separate heavily soiled items and wash those on their own. Pretreat stains and presoak heavily soiled garments in a sink or bucket of water for 30 minutes before washing them. Use the recommended amount of detergent and select the best washer cycle for each individual load. Base water temperature and dryer settings on color and fabric type. Materials that can shrink should be washed in warm or cold water and air dried, for instance. Cold water is best for bright colors, while hot water works well for whites.\n7. Learn a few tricks. Once you've mastered the basics, keep an eye out for various tips and tricks that can take your home skills from “great” to “amazing.” Some tricks work better than others, though, so you should test them out before bragging to your friends about your newfound knowledge. For instance, cover dirty stroller wheels and wagon wheels with plastic shower caps before bringing the item inside. Wrap pipe cleaners around the neck of condiment bottles to catch drips and prevent crusty build-up. Stuff holes in the wall and cabinets with steel wool to keep mice and other pests out.\n\n\n## Part two: in the kitchen\n\n1. Get off to an easy start. If you currently have some cooking and baking knowledge, then you're off to a good start already. If not, start small by making simple meals and following easy recipes. You can gradually build up your kitchen skills as you get more comfortable, but trying too much all at once is a good way to fail and get discouraged. Look for books specifically aimed at beginners or search for easy recipes online. Instructions that provide step-by-step pictures are often the easiest to follow along.\n2. Take a class. Look for free and cheap cooking classes in your area. Focus on developing skills that you're specifically interested in developing, and skip any class that will teach you something you already know or will teach you something you have no desire to learn. Local craft stores often offer classes on baking and food decorating. Small markets may have classes on cooking essentials. Check out cooking schools in your area. Even if you don't want to spend time and money on a cooking program, some of these schools offer one-time cooking courses at a discounted price.\n3. Find your niche. Not every domestic goddess needs to love cooking, but learning to enjoy it can motivate you into improving your skills. Try to find something about cooking or baking that you can feel passionate—or at least interested—about. Build up your cooking skills in general, but involve your point of interest as much as possible while doing so. Your passion might be something simple, like baking cookies or mastering stovetop cooking. On the other hand, you might find your attention grabbed by something a little more unique, like gluten-free baking or canning.\n4. Make any necessary adjustments. You might have a full set of cooking and baking skills when all is said and done, but that doesn't mean you will be able to show them all off each and every day. Know when to make a simple meal and when to whip up something more impressive. Learning how to use your cooking to improve and please those you're cooking for is another skill you will need to master. For example, if you're cooking for picky kids, focus on choosing kid-friendly meals instead of trying to impress them with an elaborate meal they won't even eat. When you're cooking for guests, find out about any food allergies or special diets ahead of time and plan your menu accordingly.\n5. Experiment. Once you feel comfortable enough in the kitchen, start using the skills and knowledge you have gained to experiment with your own recipes and tasty creations. Some experiments might be a success while others will likely be a failure. The important thing is simply to keep working at it until your successes vastly outnumber your failures.\n\n\n## Part three: sew and other \"lost\" skills\n\n1. Master the basics of sewing. Sewing is the queen of lost skills, so if you don't know even the most basic stitches, you really aren't alone. At minimum, though, you should know how to sew hems, repair small rips and tears, and attach buttons. Learn a variety of basic stitches, including the straight stitch, the back stitch, the zigzag stitch, and the basting stitch. Invest in a sewing machine. As your sewing skills improve, consider buying a sewing machine of your own. You will probably be glad that you did. Fixing garments and creating projects from scratch will both be much easier if you learn to machine sew as well as hand sew.\n2. Get crafty. Sewing is not the only lost skill worth learning, of course. There is a wide range of other crafts and domestic abilities you can explore. You do not need to master all of them, but picking one or two you'd like to become great at can improve your standing as a domestic goddess. Potential areas of interest could include gardening, crocheting, or knitting. You could also check out community craft websites, like Pinterest, to get more ideas.\n3. Take classes. You can learn a lot by teaching yourself, but sometimes, the best way to learn a new skill or to advance an old one is to take an actual class on it. Look for cheap classes in your area or sign up for a class online.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to respond to a reference on couchsurfing?", + "input": "", + "output": "References are feedbacks given to you by other Couchsurfing users that either had a direct contact with you personally or have interacted with you through the site. It gives other users ideas and information about a certain host or surfer prior to communicating with them firsthand. Unfortunately, when a user leaves you a reference (either a positive or a negative), there’s no way that you can reply directly to it. However, there are ways on how you can properly respond to a reference on Couchsurfing.\n\n## Message the couchsurfing member\n\n1. Go to Couchsurfing’s website. Launch an Internet browser, type in http://www.couchsurfing.org then hit Enter.\n2. Log into your account. Enter your username and password on the fields provided, or you could use your Facebook account to sign in by clicking the “Log In with Facebook” button.\n3. Access your profile page. Click your account image at the upper-left section of the home page to open your profile page.\n4. Select the Couchsurfing user you want to respond to. Scroll down your profile page to the References section at the bottom part, and click on the name of the Couchsurfing user that left the reference you want to respond to; you will then be able to view his or her profile page.\n5. Compose a message. On the other member’s profile page, click the “Send Message” link right above his or her profile photo to start composing a message. Enter the subject of the message you like on the text field provided and type in your message on the other text field below. Enter as much details as you can, either thanking the Couchsurfing user (for positive references) or persuading them to change it (for negative references).\n6. Send the message. Once you’re done, go over what you’ve written then click on the “Send Message” button.\n7. Wait for a reply from the Couchsurfing user. If all goes well, the other user can respond either by editing the reference he or she gave you, or by discussing the issue more. Be patient, polite, and courteous, especially if you’re trying to turn around a bad reference.\n\n\n## Contact customer support\n\n1. Go to Couchsurfing’s website. Launch an Internet browser, type in http://www.couchsurfing.org then hit Enter.\n2. Log into your account. Enter your username and password on the fields provided, or you could use your Facebook account to sign in by clicking the “Log In with Facebook” button.\n3. Access the Help section. Click the “Help” button at the top portion of the website to access the Help section.\n4. Scroll down the Help section and click on “Get in Touch.” A list of ways you can ask for assistance will be displayed below it.\n5. Click the “Contact our Safety Team.” You’ll then be taken to the Submit Request form page.\n6. Fill in the required details. Enter your email address on the text field provided and select “Safety” from the Category drop-down list. For the Sub-category, click the drop-down list and select “Problem with a Reference.”\n7. Specify your concern. Once you’ve selected the Sub-category, a new drop-down list will appear below. Click “What do you need help with?” and choose the option you think fits your concern.\n8. Enter more information on your concern. Type in the subject of your request on the text field provided and enter additional, important details on the Description text field below. You can also include any attachment (optional), like screenshots of your conversation or pictures taken during the stay, that may help solve the issue by clicking the “Attachments” button.\n9. Submit your request. Click on “Submit” to send you request, and a Couchsurfing representative will reach out to you either through the email you provided or directly on your Couchsurfing account if there any additional information needed.\n10. Wait for the issue to be resolved. If your request is found to be valid, you can expect appropriate action from the Couchsurfing team within a few days.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to fill sandbags?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Select materials and get ready\n\n1. Purchase polypropylene bags specifically designed for sandbagging. Standard cloth or plastic bags cannot be used to create sandbags since they’ll tear or break apart when they get wet. Purchase some woven polypropylene sandbags that are specifically designed for stacking and keeping water out. You can purchase specialized sandbags online or at a construction supply store. While sandbags come in different sizes, the optimal size is 14–18 in (36–46 cm) wide and 30–36 in (76–91 cm) deep. You can get sandbags with drawstrings built into them to make tying easier. If you’re buying bags to build a flood wall, you don’t actually have to tie them, though.\n2. Use a heavy sand or soil mixture to fill your bags. Purchase heavy-bodied sand from a construction supply or gardening store. You can also find it at distribution centers if you live in a state or country that is prone to flooding. Any type of heavy sand will work. Tip: The sand that you find at the beach is usually too fine to fill a sandbag since It will leak through the weaving. Soil will break apart in your bag and leak through the woven bag if it gets wet, but can work if you’re only trying to brace a surface. You can use a mixture of sand and soil if you don’t have enough sand to fill the bags you need. Gravel will work if you’re trying to weigh a surface down, but it is too permeable to keep water out. Clay materials are hard to shape and will make stacking difficult.\n3. Enlist a friend or two to make sandbag filling easier. It can be difficult to keep a sandbag open if you’re filling it yourself. To make the filling process easier, enlist a friend to hold the bag open while you’re shoveling the sand into it. If you’re filling the bags at the site where you’re stacking them, make the process easier by enlisting a third friend to tie and move each bag. You’ll have to be extremely careful when you’re pouring your sand into the bag if you’re doing it yourself. You may become exhausted as well if you’re building a sandbag wall, since lifting and laying the bags requires heavy lifting. Rotate positions every 20 minutes to reduce muscle fatigue.\n4. Put on gloves, boots, and protective eyewear. Sandbags are chemically treated and may irritate your hands, so wear a thick pair of gloves to protect yourself. Put on a pair of protective goggles to keep sand from blowing into your eyes as you work. Wear a thick pair of rubber work boots to protect your feet and keep the sand out. Avoid touching your skin, eyes, or mouth while filling sandbags. Wash your hands and face when you’re done.\n\n\n## Fill a bag\n\n1. Fold the top of the bag over 2-3 times to create a collar. Place your bag on a flat, stable portion of the ground. Grip the top 2–3 inches (5.1–7.6 cm) of the bag. Fold the top of the bag over 2-3 times to create a collar. This will make pouring easier, and will ensure that the top of the bag doesn’t fall in on itself if you accidentally pour a little sand on it.Tip: If you’ve enlisted other people to help you, have one person hold the collar open in a circular shape so that it’s easier to shovel sand inside. Sandbags should only be filled 2/3 full. Folding the top of the bag over also makes it easier to see how much sand you’re adding.\n2. Shovel the sand into the opening at the top of the bag. Use a rounded shovel with a good grip to scoop your sand up. Dig your shovel into the sand at a 45-degree angle and scoop it upwards to raise it up. Then, hold the point of your shovel over the collar of the bag and tilt the shovel downwards to empty the sand into the bag. Don’t work too quickly. If you wear yourself out, it’ll become difficult to shovel accurately. If it’s a little windy or you’re having trouble filling the bag, put a large funnel in the mouth of the bag. Pour the sand into the funnel to make the filling process easier.\n3. Stop adding sand once the bag is 2/3 full. If you overfill the bag, it will be difficult to tie or fold the bag at the top. If the bag isn’t filled with enough sand, your sandbags will shift around when they’re stacked. Continue shoveling your sand into the bag until roughly 2/3 of the bag is filled. If you have bags with built-in ties at the top, they can be filled until they’re 4/5 full. Bags with built-in ties don’t require as much room to secure them. Repeat this process until you have the desired number of bags.\n\n\n## Tie the bag\n\n1. Unfold the collar and pull the top of the bag up. Once your bag is filled to the proper level, undo the collar that you folded to make pouring easier. Then, roll the collar up until the fold is undone and pull the fabric at the top of the bag upwards to straighten it out.\n2. Tighten the drawstring and tie the top of bags with built-in ties. If your bag has a built-in tie, pull the drawstring until the neck of the bag is tight. Then, fold the drawstring over itself and pull both ends to tighten it. Tie the bag by creating a knot the same way you tie your shoes. With the drawstrings folded over one another, create a loop in your nondominant hand. Run the other drawstring over and the under the loop. Pull it through the second loop you just made and pull both loops tight to secure it.Tip: There is no official or proper way to tie a sandbag with a drawstring. As long as you can secure the top with a knot, your sandbag will be fine.\n3. Tie the bag using the fabric if your bag is thinner. If your bag doesn’t have a drawstring and the fabric is thinner, you can tie the fabric of the bag to knot it at the top. With the fabric at top pulled up, squeeze the fabric together with both hands. Twist the top of the bag to keep the fabric tight. Then, hold the base of the top with your nondominant hand. Bring the top of the fabric down to make a loop and squeeze the top of the bag through the loop. Pull the top of the bag to tighten your knot and secure the bag. You may have an easier time securing thinner bags if you only fill them so that they’re halfway filled.\n4. Fold the top of the bag on top of itself if you’re building a wall. Sandbags don’t actually need to be tied if you’re creating a wall or laying them on top of one another. To lay a bag without folding it, hold the bag by the top of the fabric as you’re moving it and take it to the location where you’re creating a wall. Then, place the bag at the spot you want to lay it. Pull the top of the bag in opposite directions to turn the opening into a slit. To finish, fold the slit over itself and lay the bag down with fold on the bottom. Bags that are folded on top of themselves will stay in place when they’re stacked in a wall.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to boost your diet with peanut butter powder?", + "input": "", + "output": "Powdered peanut butter is a versatile ingredient that you can use to add some nutty flavor to any dish. Its low caloric count and limited fat content make it an appealing option for those looking to lose a little weight. It is great for supplementing simple dishes like smoothies or oatmeal. You can also use it to make savory sauces, spreads, or peanut-flavored dishes. Finally, you can mix the powder into any baked good, from brownies to cupcakes and cookies, to add some peanut flavor.\n\n## Enhance your diet\n\n1. Reduce your caloric intake. The main appeal of peanut butter powder is its low calorie count. A tablespoon of powdered peanut butter has about 25 calories compared to the 96 calories in the same amount of regular peanut butter. It is a good option for those looking to lose some weight but still enjoy peanut flavor.\n2. Limit your fat intake. Another appealing feature of powdered peanut butter is its low fat content. 1 tablespoon contains less than 1 gram (0.035 oz) of fat, while the same amount of regular peanut butter has about 8 grams (0.3 oz) of fat. Note that the fat content of peanuts is mostly heart-healthy monounsaturated fats. A single serving of peanut butter powder is 2 tablespoons. One serving contains about 1.5 grams of fat.\n3. Add a little protein or fiber. Powdered peanut butter is great for adding protein and fiber nutrients without adding the extra fat — 1 tablespoon offers 3 to 4 grams (0.11 to 0.14 oz) of protein and 1 gram (0.035 oz) of fiber. This is particularly important for things like baking where the extra fat can alter the finished product.\n\n\n## Supplement simple dish\n\n1. Add it to your smoothies. To add peanut flavor while limiting calories and fat, you can add a tablespoon or two of the powder to your favorite smoothie. For most recipes, about 2 tablespoons (12.28 g) of powder can substitute for 1 tablespoon (16 g) of traditional peanut butter. Besides its lower calorie count, powdered peanut butter also makes your smoothies smoother and less gritty. As a rule of thumb, add 1 tablespoon (6.14 g) of powdered peanut butter for every 1 cup (250 ml) of smoothie or shake\n2. Mix it into your oatmeal. Instead of adding a regular peanut butter, mix in a spoonful of powdered peanut butter to your bowl of oatmeal. You can stir it with the oats before you add your milk or water, or you can mix it in after your oats are cooked. Pair it with a banana, some dark chocolate, or some berries for a PB&J oatmeal. You can also add peanut butter powder to muesli, quinoa, and other grain-based dishes.\n3. Pour some into your yogurt or granola. If you are making a parfait, you can mix powdered peanut butter into the either the granola or the yogurt. To add some extra flavor to your yogurt, mix in a spoonful of the powder. You can also sprinkle on top of the granola. If you are making your own granola, you can mix in powdered peanut butter for some additional flavor.\n\n\n## Cook with peanut butter powder\n\n1. Use it to make a peanut sauce. You can add powdered peanut butter to any sauce recipe that calls for peanut butter. Simply rehydrate the powder by mixing it with water and then add it to your sauce. Be sure to follow the directions to get the correct amount of peanut powder for the sauce. As a rule of thumb, mixing 4 tablespoons (24.56 g) of peanut butter powder with 1 tablespoon (14.79 ml) of water will give you 2 tablespoons (32 g) of rehydrated peanut butter.\n2. Add it to breading. To add some extra flavor to your breaded meats, try mixing some powdered peanut butter into your breading. Use your traditional breading recipe and simply mix in about 1/3 as much peanut butter powder as flour our breadcrumbs. You could try this breading on chicken cutlets or pork chops. Consider adding crushed red pepper flakes to the breading for a little extra spice.\n3. Get creative. You can use powdered peanut butter to add some extra flavor to snacks like popcorn or trail mixes. You can also sprinkle it on top of bananas, mix it with your cereal, or add it to pancake batter. If you think that a dish might benefit from some peanut flavor, give it a dash of powdered peanut butter. For example, with a little olive oil and a couple spoonfuls of powdered peanut butter, you can make peanut butter popcorn. For a sweeter treat, consider sprinkling peanut butter powder on top of kettle corn.\n\n\n## Add peanut butter powder to desserts\n\n1. Bake it into baked goods. If you want to give your desserts a little extra peanut flavor, consider adding some peanut butter powder. You can add it to any baked good by substituting peanut butter powder for 1/3 the amount of flour called for in the recipe. In addition, you can mix in a couple of tablespoons of the powder to any batter. If a recipe calls for 3 cups (375 g) of flour, use 1 cup (294.7 grams) of peanut butter powder and 2 cups (250 g) of flour. If you are making banana muffins, you might add 3 tablespoons (18.42 g) of peanut butter powder to the batter.\n2. Go gluten-free. If you have a gluten intolerance or suffer from celiac disease, you can use peanut butter powder to make a number of desserts that do not require flour. You can make gluten free peanut butter brownies. You can also make gluten-free peanut butter cookies in a matter of minutes.\n3. Make a peanut butter spread. You can make a peanut butter spread in no time using a little peanut butter powder and cream cheese. Simply mix 1 tablespoon (6.14 g) of powder with an 8-ounce (226.8 g) block of cream cheese. If the spread does not have the peanut flavor you want, add sprinkles of the powder and mix until it tastes the way you would like.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make a tube top?", + "input": "", + "output": "Do you have some old shirts that you no longer wear? Why not turn them into a trendy tube top? If you don't have a t-shirt to spare, get some sewing elastic and stretchy fabric. With a little time and effort, you'll have a bunch of trendy tube tops to wear all summer long.\n\n## Use a shirt\n\n1. Find a t-shirt that that you don't mind cutting up, and turn it inside out. The shirt can be loose or fitted. If the shirt is loose, you will need to insert an elastic to help hold it up. If the shirt if brand new, make sure that its been washed and dried to remove any potential shrinking.\n2. Cut across the top of your shirt, just below the armpits. Try to cut through both layers of the shirt at the same time. This way, you will have to do less cutting. When you are done, discard the top part of the shirt, or save it for another project. If you are having troubles cutting straight, use a ruler or measuring tape as a guideline.\n3. Fold the cut edge down by 1 inch (2.54 centimeters) and secure it with sewing pins. Make sure that you are pinning all the way around the top of the shirt; you should still be able to open the shirt, like a tube. For a nice, crisp edge, press the folded hem down with a clothing iron.\n4. Sew along the folded edge, leaving a ½ inch (1.27 centimeters) gap in the back. Try to sew as close to the cut edge as you can. You will need the space between the stitching and the folded edge for the elastic. Also, make sure that you leave a ½ inch (1.27 centimeters) wide gap between where you started and finished sewing, or you won't be able to get the elastic inside. Try to use a thread color that closely matches your t-shirt. If your sewing machine has a knit fabric setting, try to use that; it usually looks like a standard straight stitch that's broken up by V shapes. Remove the pins when you are done. Also, remember to snip off the loose ends of the threads.\n5. Measure around your chest, just below the armpits, and cut some elastic according to that measurement. This will help hold your tube top up. Even if your shirt was fitted, an elastic might still be a good idea; fitted shirts can loosen over time.\n6. Clip a safety pin to one end of the elastic, and use it to guide the through the top hem of your shirt. Find the ½ inch (1.27 centimeters) wide gap in your stitching. Push the safety pin through it, and use it to guide the elastic all the way around the top of the shirt. When you reach the gap again, pull the safety pin out. Both ends of the elastic should now be sticking out of the gap. Be careful not to lose the other end of the elastic inside the shirt hem.\n7. Sew the two ends of the elastic together. Overlap the two ends by 1 inch (2.54 centimeters), then sew them down using the smallest stitch you can. Overlapping the ends of the elastic like this will prevent any unsightly bulges. When you are done, push the elastic back through the gap. Once you have the elastic back through the gap, you can sew the gap shut for a nicer finish.\n8. Wear your tube top. Be sure to wear a strapless bra with it so that you don't have any bra straps showing.\n\n\n## Make a tube top from scratch\n\n1. Measure around your bust and waist. Add 1 inch (2.54 centimeters) to each measurement. You will need this extra width for the seam allowances.\n2. Measure from just below your armpits down to your waist. Add 2 inches (5.08 centimeters) to your measurement. You will need this extra length for the hems.\n3. Choose your fabric, and spread it out in front of you, wrong-side-up. The best fabric to use for a tube top is stretchy, jersey type fabric, like the kind used to make t-shirts.\n4. Draw a large rectangle according to your measurement. The top of the rectangle should equal your bust measurement. The bottom of the rectangle should equal your waist measurement. It will likely taper slightly.\n5. Fold the rectangle in half, lengthwise, with the right sides together. Secure the side edge with sewing pins. Leave the top and bottom edges alone for now. You will hem them later.\n6. Sew along the side edge using a ½ inch (1.27 centimeters) seam allowance. Pull the pins out as you sew so that you don't accidentally prick yourself. When you are done, tie the threads off into tight knots, and snip them as close to the fabric as you can.\n7. Press the seam flat with an iron. Flatten the tube top on your ironing board, with the seam facing upward. Spread the seam allowances apart, so that they lay flat against the fabric to either side of the seam. Press them flat with a hot iron.\n8. Fold the top and bottom of your fabric down by 1 inch (2.54 centimeters) to make the hems. Secure the folds with sewing pins, and press them flat with a clothing iron. The wrong sides of the fabric should still be facing outward at this time.\n9. Sew the top and bottom hems, but leave a ½ inch (1.27 centimeters) wide gap on the top hem. You will need this gap to slide the elastic through. When sewing the hems, try to sew as close to the raw/cut edge as you can, so that you will have enough space for the elastic. When you are done, pull the sewing pins out. Be sure to tie the ends of the threads off into tight knots and to snip them off, as close to the fabric as you can. Try to use a stitch intended for sewing stretchy fabrics. It usually looks like a straight stitch, but is broken up by V-shapes.\n10. Measure your around chest, just below the armpits and cut a piece of elastic according to that measurement. This piece of elastic will help keep the tube top up, so make sure it is sturdy.\n11. Clip a safety pin to the elastic, and use it to feed the elastic through the top hem. Find that ½ inch (1.27 centimeter) wide gap in the top hem. Push the safety pin into the gap, then use it to feed the elastic through the hem. When you reach the gap again, unclip the safety pin. When you are done, you should have both ends of the elastic sticking out from the gap.\n12. Overlap the ends of the elastic be 1 inch (2.54 centimeters) and sew them down. Use the smallest stitch you can, and be careful not to sew them to the fabric. When you are done, push the elastic back through the gap. At this point, you can sew the gap shut for a neater finish.\n13. Finished.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to clean plant leaves?", + "input": "", + "output": "Clean plants are a beautiful addition to your home and garden, and do a wonderful job of purifying the air. Choose a cleaning method that is safe for your plant, especially if your plant is sensitive to water. Experiment with different shine agents to add a beautiful glow to your plant leaves. Each of these strategies will leave your plants looking clean and shiny.\n\n## Remove dust and grime\n\n1. Wipe large, shiny leaves with a damp cloth. This is the best way to clean large plants, such as rubber plants, that are difficult to move. Dunk your cloth in water and then squeeze out any excess liquid. Gently wipe both sides of all of the leaves to remove any dust and grime. Microfiber cloths or cheesecloths work well for cleaning plants. Clean the leaves each time that you notice dust or dirt building up. This works well for both indoor and outdoor plants such as Gunnera, Plantain Lillies, and Elephant Ears. Place a drop of dishwashing liquid on the cloth if you notice insects eating or landing on your plant.\n2. Use a soft paintbrush to remove dust from plants with fuzzy leaves. Plants with fluffy leaves, such as African Violets, are quite delicate and shouldn’t be wiped. Instead, gently brush any dust or insects off the leaves with a clean, soft paintbrush. If you don’t have a soft paintbrush on-hand, use a pipe cleaner or soft toothbrush instead. Avoid wetting the leaves of fuzzy plants, as this can cause water spots to appear.\n3. Rinse indoor plant leaves with warm water to remove insects and dust. Place your indoor plant in the sink or shower and use the pressure of the water stream to remove any dust and dirt from the plant. The mist from the shower will also help to hydrate the plant’s leaves. Leave the plants to drip-dry and then take them outside to dry in the sunshine. Always use warm water, as cold water can leave spots on the leaves. Don’t wash plants, such as cacti and African Violets, that are sensitive to water. This method works well for Peace Lilies, Sword Ferns, and Devils Ivy.\n4. Dunk small plants into water to quickly get rid of dust. Place your hand over the soil to keep it in place and then turn the plant upside down and submerge the plant in room temperature water. This is a great option for small houseplants and outdoor plants. Allow the plants to drip-dry out of direct light.\n5. Spray compressed air onto cacti to avoid getting them wet. Cacti are used to desert conditions and will often wilt and die if they are over-watered. Spray air from an air compressor can over the spikes to dislodge any dust or dirt from the cacti. Hold the can 10 centimetres (3.9 in) away from the cacti to avoid damaging the spikes. Purchase an air-compressor can from a hardware store or a plant nursery. This works well for both spiky and smooth cacti.\n\n\n## Add shine\n\n1. Rub a thin coat of mayonnaise over the leaves to keep them shiny. Squeeze a little mayonnaise onto a paper towel and wipe it over the leaves. Cover the entire leave with a light enough coat that it cannot be seen. Remove any excess mayonnaise with a clean paper towel. This shiny coating will last for approximately 2 weeks. Simply reapply the mayonnaise to restore the shine of the leaves. This method works for all types of plants.\n2. Cover the leaves in a thin layer of mineral oil for a long-lasting glow. Mineral oil provides a shiny coating for the leaves and helps to prevent dust from accumulating quickly. Simply place a drop of mineral oil onto each leaf and use your fingers to evenly spread it over the top side of the leaf. Use this method on any type of plant. Avoid using coconut or olive oil on the leaves, as this can block the pores of the plant. Keep plants with mineral oil on them out of the direct sun to avoid the leaves from getting burnt. Reapply the mineral oil once or twice per year.\n3. Spray a commercial plant shining product onto the leaves to add sheen. These sprays are specially formulated to keep your plant leaves looking shiny. Liberally spray the product over all the leaves on your plants. If you are spraying outdoor plants, choose a product that is designed for outdoor plants. Purchase a plant shining spray from a plant store. Follow the application instructions on the packet. This is a great option for cacti, as you don’t have to touch the plant.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to walk with a sprained ankle?", + "input": "", + "output": "Before you start walking with a sprained ankle, make sure you get your doctor’s permission so you don’t cause any more damage. Ideally, you should only walk on a sprain that’s mild, and you should periodically strengthen your ankle through exercise so it gets stronger as you go. If you ever feel any pain, stop immediately and see your doctor for medical help.\n\n## Walk on a sprain ankle\n\n1. Apply ice to your ankle as soon as you can after you sprain it. As soon as you can, rest your ankle and put an ice pack on it to decrease the swelling. Keep the ice on your ankle for 10-15 minutes at a time 2-3 times per day to help alleviate some of the pain. As you start to feel more comfortable, ice your ankle only once or twice a day, or whenever it feels swollen.\n2. Take an anti-inflammatory medication to relieve pain and swelling. Opt for ibuprofen or naproxen, and take the recommended dose for your age as it is written on the packaging. However, if you haven’t seen a doctor yet, do that as soon as possible, since your doctor may prescribe a higher dose or more specific medication. A typical over-the-counter dose of ibuprofen for an adult is 400 mg, three times per day. A doctor may prescribe a much higher dose depending on the severity of your injury and your size. The doctor may also prescribe narcotic pain relievers for you if the pain is severe. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before taking any medication in addition to a prescription. Side effects may include constipation, drowsiness, and addiction if taken for too long a period. Acetaminophen can reduce pain, but does not reduce swelling.\n3. Protect your ankle with a compression bandage, brace, splint, or high-top shoes. If the sprain is severe, the doctor will prescribe a walking boot or a splint for you. If not, try to wrap a compression bandage or brace around your ankle for 1-3 weeks. Wear boots or high-top shoes that can be laced up tight around your ankles for added support. Wearing high heels with a sprained ankle could lead to further injury. If you have to wear dress shoes, choose flats over heels. In addition to using compression bandages, be sure to rest, ice, and elevate your ankle to help alleviate the pain.\n4. Check your surroundings for uneven ground or stairs before walking around. Be aware of where you are going to be walking so that you are not caught off-guard by loose rocks or potholes in a path or sidewalk. If your path looks rough or rocky, try to find a smoother alternative route, or ask a friend for help.\n5. Walk slowly and take small steps. Look out for spills, things on your path that you can trip over, or anything else in your way that might cause further injury. If you try to walk too quickly, you might miss potential hazards in your way. Concentrating on your walking will help you to not only stay safe and prevent injury but will also make you very aware of your pain level and your healing progress. Whenever possible, hold on to railings or ask a friend if you can lean on them for added support.\n6. Pause when needed and shift your weight to your uninjured foot. Listen to your body. If the pain is too intense to keep going, take a break and relieve your injured ankle of pressure by shifting your body’s weight to the other foot. Some pain is unavoidable, but if you cannot maintain a conversation or lose breath as you walk because of the pain, then you should pause and rest.\n\n\n## Strengthen your ankle after a sprain\n\n1. Stretch the ligaments in your ankle with an exercise band or rolled towel. To do this exercise, wrap a resistance band or a large rolled-up towel around the ball of your injured foot and straighten your leg. Then, point your toes up, down, left, and right. For best results, repeat the cycle of motions 10 times and do the exercise 3 times per day. You do not need to wear shoes or supportive braces for this exercise.\n2. Balance yourself on your injured ankle to increase your stability. Make sure you’re standing on a hard, flat surface before you stand on your injured foot. Try not to hold on to anything as you balance, but make sure there’s a railing or wall nearby so you can catch yourself if you need to. As you work to maintain your balance, your ankle will shift back and forth, stretching out and strengthening the ligaments and muscles. You should wear shoes for this exercise to give your foot some traction and prevent a fall. Make this exercise more challenging by using a balance board instead of a flat surface. The tipping motion of the board will force your ankle to act against the movements, increasing its strength and stability.\n3. Draw the alphabet on the floor using your injured foot. Sit in a comfortable chair with both feet resting flat on the floor. Then, with your injured foot, use your big toe to slowly trace the entire alphabet on the floor, one letter at a time. Drawing letters encourages ankle movement in every direction. Repeat up to three times for maximum stretching and strengthening. You do not need to wear shoes for this exercise since you are sitting and do not need the extra support or traction. If you cannot reach the floor, you can draw the letters in the air for a similar result.\n4. Swing your knees from side to side to stretch and strengthen your ankle. As you sit in a comfortable chair with your feet flat on the floor, slowly swing your knees as far as you can from side to side. Keep your foot pressed flat to the floor and continue for 3 minutes. If you want to wear shoes while doing this exercise, opt for low-profile shoes that will not limit your ankle’s range of motion.\n\n\n## Prevent further injury\n\n1. Rest your sprained ankle after walking to give it some time to heal. By exercising and walking on your sprained ankle, you will be putting a lot of strain on the ligaments. Give them a break by taking the pressure off of them for at least an hour after walking, giving them time to rest and heal.\n2. Ice your ankle to relieve pain and swelling. After walking on your injured ankle, it will probably be swollen and painful because of the stress it was under. Elevate your foot and hold a cold ice pack wrapped in a towel on your ankle for 10-20 minutes. If your ankle is really swollen, you can reapply the ice again after 10 minutes and continue the cycle of 10-20 minutes on, 10 minutes off, until the swelling goes down. A great substitute for an ice pack is a frozen bag of peas because it is cold and easily molds to the body part that you are icing. Wrapping the ice pack in a towel is important because you can damage your skin by applying ice directly to it.\n3. Compress your ankle using an elastic sports bandage. Wrap your foot from the base of your toes to about 3 inches (7.6 cm) above your ankle. Provide extra support by crisscrossing the bandage from left to right in a figure-eight motion around your ankle and heel. Secure it into place with metal fasteners or tape. You want the compression bandage tight enough to give gentle pressure, but not so tight that restricts blood flow. If you have any tingling or discoloration in your toes, remove the bandage and rewrap it looser. It’s not a good idea to sleep with a compression bandage on because it may reduce blood flow.\n4. Elevate your ankle to speed up healing by reducing swelling. When you are sitting or laying down, keep your ankle elevated to reduce swelling by allowing fluid to drain from the injured area. If possible, lay down and keep your ankle elevated above your heart.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to write a pop punk song?", + "input": "", + "output": "Pop Punk combines the aggressive energy and instrumentation of punk with catchy melodies and hooks of pop music. Begun by The Ramones and Buzzcocks in the 1970s and made famous by bands such as Green Day in the 1990s and Blink-182 in the 2000s, pop punk has been popular and widespread for years. Luckily, there is no wrong way to write a pop punk song and, as far as writing music goes, the genre is relatively easy to learn.\n\n## Write the instrumentals\n\n1. Learn power chords on the guitar to play any pop punk song. Power chords are the backbone of every punk song ever written. They are short, easy to play, and sound great when played loud. A power chord is just three notes -- your index finger on the E or A string, and the next two strings fretted two frets down. You can move this form anywhere on the guitar to play every single chord. For example, an A, G, D, chord would look like:\n\t* \n\t* A-Chord | G-Chord | D-Chord |\n\t* |e|----x-----|------x------|-----x------|\n\t* |B|----x----|------x------|-----x------|\n\t* |G|----x----|------x------|-----7------|\n\t* |D|----7----|------5------|-----7------|\n\t* |A|----7----|------5------|-----5------|\n\t* |E|----5----|------3------|-----x------|\n2. Follow the guitar chords on bass to get the basics of pop punk. Bass players have a lot to look forward to in pop punk. If you're stuck or a newbie, quickly repeated 16th notes on the bass (basically playing one note over and over again) can follow the chords on the guitar to instantly fit in. For example, if the guitarist is playing an A-bar chord, you play the A note in time with each one of her chords. From here you can feel free to improvise during chord changes, before switching to the chorus or verse, or if you can think of a fun bass riff. Check out Green Day's \"She,\" which opens with a great but simple bass riff, and note how it follows the guitar, but with subtle flourishes. Rancid's \"Olympia, WA\" is almost straight 16th notes on the bass, carrying the song along.\n3. Focus on your kick, snare, and hi-hat on the drums for a driving, strong beat. You want to keep the song moving forward with a quick, regular beat. Sixteenth notes on the hi-hat, alternating the kick drum and the snare every other note. While there is a lot more to drumming than this, this basic beat can go behind any pop punk song. Big, quick fills on the toms and crash cymbals are the common way to transition into new parts of the song. Pop-punk drummers like Travis Barker are talented musicians who drive the song forward. Focus on keeping time perfectly, especially at high speeds, to become an invaluable drummer.\n4. Start writing a song with just one good guitar riff. 95% of pop punk songs are short, fast, and guitar-driven. Find 3-4 notes or power chords that you think sound good together and make up a short little phrase to repeat. Most pop-punk songs are simple -- find a riff you like and repeat it to write a verse or chorus. Chop up and change your favorite riffs from other bands. Pop-punk is heavily borrowed, adapted, and repeated. In general, three power chords are the bare minimum for a song. Play with the rhythm and timing of your chords to give them a unique spin.\n5. Write a new riff for the chorus or verse, so you have two unique melodies. To be honest, many bands play the exact same chords, just in a different order or tempo (listen to the Ramones for proof). In general, the verse is slower and or muted and the chorus gets louder, faster, and more melodic. When coming up with a chorus:\n\t* Keep it simple -- the chorus should not be hard to follow. Aim for catchy melodies -- this is where you hook people's ears. Add a short, improvised 1-2 bar riff coming in and out of the chorus to mark each change.\n6. Consider coming up with one new section for the breakdown or solo. After hearing the verse and chorus twice, most bands add in one quick, unique section to change the song up. This is called the breakdown, and there is often a solo, different lyrics, or a slow drop and build back to full energy or tempo. They are usually slower, either building up power or leaving room for another instrument to play by itself. If you're struggling to write breakdowns, try to:\n\t* Play the verse or chorus at half-time. Replay or change up the intro riff or melody. Simplify the chords to the 1-2 most important ones, leaving space for vocals or a solo. Drop out certain instruments, then slowly build them back in.\n7. Follow the basic pop song structure when crafting songs. Most pop punk songs begin with an intro, and they usually then follow this order: Intro, first verse, second verse, chorus, third verse, chorus solo and/or bridge, and then finish with the chorus again or outro. Though some songs will be different, this is the most common structure of a Pop Punk song. Blink-182's \"Dammit\" is an excellent example. All you have to write is a riff for the verse, the chorus, and the bridge. when it comes to solos, they are usually very simple. Occasionally it's just the intro again, and in some cases there are no solos at all\n8. Play the song as fast as possible. Pop punk is not about sitting back quietly. It is about brash, loud, youthful energy. All pop-punk songs should be played as fast as you feel comfortable, and maybe even a little faster. Once you've got the structure down, start thrashing. When you play live, your number one goal is to have high, contagious energy. Quick songs make it much easier to get people jumping around with you. It is rare for songs to go longer than three minutes. Many are even over before the two minute mark.\n9. Pick up influences from other bands and genres to make your songs stand out. Pop-punk, luckily enough, is easily adapted to other influences and ideas. Keep playing music of all types to learn new riffs and styles. It is the best way to make your own song unique. Common genres to blend with pop punk include:\n\t* Ska and Reggae (Rancid, Operation Ivy, Less Than Jake. Country (Social Distortion, Lucero)\n\t* Swing/Rockabilly (The Misfits, Cobra Skulls).\n\n\n## Write the lyric\n\n1. Come up with one image, idea, or person to write a song about. Pop-punk songs can be about almost anything. Most commonly, however, they talk about love, adolescence, and rebellion. Unlike its older cousin punk, pop-punk songs are focused more on melodies and relatable lyrics than hard-hitting social criticism. Common subjects include:\n\t* Love and heartbreak\n\t* Suburban angst\n\t* Rebellion against school, parents, etc. Joke-y and goofy lyrics\n\t* Growing up.\n2. Focus on a simple, catchy chorus before anything else. Pop music, no matter what subgenre, is about music that hooks the listener in. You want everyone singing or humming your chorus when the song is done. Keep it short, simple, and make sure it sounds great. Whistling the lyrics is a great way to hear the melody. Write lyrics so that they sound great even when you're just whistling. Green Day, Blink-182, Operation Ivy, and Rancid are great bands on their own, but it is their ability to write a catchy, radio-friendly chorus got them famous.\n3. Make verses short, matching the same length and rhyme scheme for each. The easiest way to write song lyrics is in rhyming couplets. Basically, you write one line, then write another line that rhymes with it. These lyrics need to flesh out your chorus and idea. If you're stuck with the verses, you might--\n\t* Tell a story (\"Timebomb\")\n\t* Describe related moments or images about a girl, life, school (\"Story of my Life.\"). Explore a theme or idea, using each verse to talk about a different aspect (\"Longview\").\n4. Consider adding a refrain or sing-along section. The sing-along, often little more than \"lalalas\" \"oooohhhs\" and \"ahhhhhhs,\" is a staple of pop-punk. Often used in the chorus or outro, a good sing-along section is key for a pop-punk section. You don't need one in every song, but even something as simple as \"nananana nanananana\" in \"All the Small Things\" is the difference between a good song and a hit.\n5. Get personal. Pop punk is personal medium. Your own worries, fears, and anger will fit right at home in the lyrics, so don't shy away from personal stories or opinions. Punk is known as an inclusive, do-it-yourself genre, so just be yourself. Even somewhat angsty, emo-type lyrics work well, as evidenced by Good Charlotte, Fall Out Boy, and Screeching Weasel. Feel free to get weird. The Lillingtons, for example, made their mark with sci-fi inspired songs. Feel free to be funny. Pop-punk has a long history of pranksters and joke songs, from the poppier NOFX songs to the self-awareness of The Steinways.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to measure a bottom bracket?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Remove the crankshaft\n\n1. Unscrew the bolt or nut in the middle of the crankshaft. Flip your bike upside down or put it on a bike stand. Inspect the crankshaft, which is the big gear on one side of your pedals, to find how the pedal is connected to the crank. Get a socket wrench or screwdriver that fits the nut or bolt. Unscrew this piece by turning your tool counterclockwise and set it aside.Tip: If the nut or bolt is embedded in the crank wheel, use a crank extractor tool to reach the nut or bolt. Insert it into the opening and wrap it around the nut or bolt. Then, use a wrench to turn the tool counterclockwise. You cannot access or measure a bottom bracket without moving the crankshaft. If you’re measuring a bracket that is not installed on a bike, feel free to skip this section. If there is a piece of plastic sitting on top of this nut or bolt, pop it off with a flathead screwdriver. This is the dust cap. Hold the pedal arm in place while doing this to keep it from turning.\n2. Screw the crank extractor tool into the bolt in the middle of the crankshaft. Under the first nut or bolt, there will be a bolt locking the crankshaft in place. Using the threaded side of your crank extractor tool, slide your crank extractor into the opening in the crankshaft and turn it clockwise to tighten it in the threading, if necessary. On some bikes, the crankshaft won’t have any threading for a crank extractor tool. On these bikes, you can simply push the crank extractor tool into the opening and wrap it around the bolt.\n3. Tighten the socket on the open end of the crank extractor tool. With the tool attached to the nut inside of the crankshaft, turn the socket at the end of the tool clockwise by hand. Once it won’t move any further, use a wrench to turn it. Hold the pedal in place to keep the crankshaft in place. Continue turning the socket until it won’t move any further. The socket should move closer towards the crankshaft as you turn it. If it doesn’t, you’re turning the socket the wrong way. Turning this socket effectively pulls the side of the crankshaft off of the axle.\n4. Slide the crankshaft off of the bottom bracket. Once the pedal in your hand feels loose, simply slide the crank wheel off of the bottom bracket. The crank extractor tool will still be attached to the crankshaft, so turn the socket counterclockwise to remove it. With the crankshaft off, repeat this process on the other side to remove the remaining pedal. If the shaft doesn’t slide off immediately, jiggle the crankshaft a little while pulling it out. Crankshafts can stick a little if they haven’t been removed in a long time.\n\n\n## Measure the bracket\n\n1. Measure the width of the bracket’s shell using calipers. Flip the bike over or set it on a bike stand if it isn’t already. Inspect the area near your bike’s crankshaft for a horizontal cylinder that connects to your pedals. This is the shell for your bottom bracket. Spread the jaws on your calipers out and slide them around the openings on each side of the shell. Slide the movable jaw on the calipers so that they’re flush against the 2 openings of the shell. Measure your width and write down.Tip: Bottom bracket measurements are kind of confusing. For bracket dimensions, the first number is always the width of the shell. The second number is always the length of the bracket itself from spindle to spindle. Bottom bracket measurements are always taken in millimeters. The most common sizes for the width of the shell are 68 mm and 73 mm. You can use a ruler instead of calipers if you prefer. It’s easier to get a precise measurement with calipers, though. To use your calipers, slide the jaws sticking out of the ruler until they’re flush against 2 surfaces. The number above the hash mark on the movable jaw is your measurement. You can do this with the bracket installed on the bike or measure the bracket separately. You still need to measure a bracket’s bike shell though—not the bracket itself—to determine whether a bracket will fit or not.\n2. Calculate the length of the bracket from spindle to spindle. Spread the jaws of your calipers out. Wrap them around the pegs that stick out of the middle of the bracket. Close the jaws so that they’re flush with each exterior edge on your pegs. Write this measurement down after the width. This is the overall length of your bottom bracket. The length typically ranges from 113-122 mm. If you’re replacing a bottom bracket, the length of your new bracket must match the length of your old bracket. If you’re replacing the bracket and the pedals though, your bottom bracket’s length must match the required bracket length of your new pedals. The spindles are the little pegs that stick out of the bottom bracket on both sides. You can do this with the bracket installed on the bike, or measure it separately. If your spindles aren’t circular and have flat sides on them, you have a square-tapered bracket. This is the most common fitting type for bottom brackets and is found on basically every bicycle that isn’t vintage or custom-made.\n3. Check the length from edge to edge if you don’t have spindles. Some bottom brackets don’t have spindles. These brackets are called thread-through brackets. For these brackets, use your calipers to measure from the exterior edge to exterior edge. These brackets are commonly found on custom bikes and newer models.\n4. Measure the inner diameter on the side of the bracket’s shell. Spread the jaws on your calipers and wrap them around the side of the shell where the bracket is exposed on either side. Tighten the calipers around the opening to measure the diameter. Write this number down and label it. If the inner shell diameter is 1.37 inches (35 mm), you have an English bracket. This is the most common type of bottom bracket. On a BMX bike, this measurement will typically be either 19 mm or 22 mm. This measurement will be the same on both sides; don’t bother checking the width on each side. The diameter of the bottom bracket itself is irrelevant since some bottom brackets don’t sit flush on the shell. If your shell is not on the bike, you cannot determine this size without reading the instructions for the bracket.\n5. Determine what kind of bracket tool you need to check the threading. To check the threading type, you’ll need to remove the bracket from the bike. Bottom bracket tools come in different sizes based on the cup holding it in place. To determine what size bottom bracket removal tool you need, count the number of notches on the outside rim of the bracket where the cup rests. The number of notches on the bracket will match the number of notches on your bottom bracket.\n6. Remove the bottom bracket using a removal tool or wrench, if necessary. Start on the bracket on the right. Slide the bottom bracket tool over the spindle and wrap a wrench around it. Turn the bracket tool counterclockwise until the cup holding the bracket in place comes out. Repeat this process by turning the bracket tool clockwise on the left. The bottom bracket will slide right out with the cups off. If the right side won’t loosen when you turn counterclockwise, you probably have an Italian bracket. Try turning clockwise instead. If there are no threading whatsoever, you have a press-fit bottom bracket. To remove these brackets, use an old crankshaft or the head of a hammer to gently push the bracket out of the shell. Always start on the drive side of the bracket. The drive side is always on the right of the bike when you’re sitting on it.\n7. Check the threading on the bracket to see what type you have. Some shells have threading for the bottom bracket while others do not. This means that the threading on your bottom bracket must match the threading on the shell. Inspect the direction of the threading on each end of the bracket. If both sides are installed by turning counterclockwise, you have an Italian bottom bracket. If the right-hand side is installed clockwise and the left-hand side is installed counterclockwise, you have an English bracket. If there is no threading in the shell, you have a thread-together bottom bracket and you do not need to worry about threading. The English and Italian brackets are found on the vast majority of bikes. A French bracket refers to an English bracket with smaller threading.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to write a confirmation letter?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are several different types of confirmation letters, each requiring a slightly different format. Basic confirmation letters written to confirm the details of a meeting, event, or other arrangements are typically brief and to the point. Employment confirmation letters usually include specific terms and conditions, so they may be longer. If you are called upon to write a letter for someone receiving the Catholic sacrament of Confirmation, your letter will be significantly more personal.\n\n## Confirm an employment offer\n\n1. Use business letter format on company letterhead. A formal business letter on company letterhead sets the appropriate tone and establishes the letter as official business communication. Set a standard font and margins, typing the body of the letter in block-paragraph style – single-spaced, with a double-space between paragraphs. Avoid using any abbreviations when you type addresses in formal business letters. For example, instead of typing \"123 Main St.,\" you would type \"123 Main Street.\" If your letterhead includes the address for your business, you can typically eliminate the address block for yourself.Tip: Government and small business agencies may have templates you can download for free that cover all the legal requirements for a formal offer of employment letter.\n2. List the job title, salary, and start date. Begin your letter with an enthusiastic tone, welcoming the recipient to the company in their new capacity. You might also include a brief summary of the recipient's job duties unless the job title makes them obvious. For example, you might write: \"On behalf of Bob Builders, Inc., I am pleased to offer you the position of Secretary at a salary of $28,500 a year. Your first day will be January 22, 2019.\"\n3. Summarize the terms and conditions of the offer. If there are any limitations to your offer they should be clearly stated. Additionally, if the offer is contingent on anything, those contingencies should be stated up front. For example, the offer may be contingent on a clean background check, or a clean drug test. This section may also include any documents the new employee needs to sign, such as a confidentiality agreement or a non-compete agreement. If you include any contingencies, provide the new employee with a deadline by which those things need to be completed. If you're only asking for documents to be signed, you might state that those documents can be signed on the new employee's first day.\n4. Provide details about any benefits your company offers. If your company offers health insurance, retirement benefits, educational assistance, paid time off, or other benefits, list those briefly. Let the new employee know when they will be eligible for those benefits, and how they can find out more information about them. Some employers start benefits at day one, but most require employees to work 60 or 90 days before they become eligible for benefits.Tip: While an employment confirmation letter may end up being more than one page, try to make it no longer than two pages. Remove details that the recipient can find on other documents they receive.\n5. Close by thanking the recipient. Let the recipient know that you're grateful for their interest in your company and that you're glad they're coming to work with you. Communicate your excitement or enthusiasm for having the new employee join your team. For example, you might say \"Thank you so much for your interest in our mission here at Bob Builders, Inc. We're excited to bring you on board and look forward to your contributions.\" Use a formal closing immediately before your signature, such as \"Sincerely\" or \"Sincerely yours.\"\n6. Include your job title under your name. The business letter template provides 4 blank lines for your signature after the formal closing. Under that space, type your first and last name. Under your name, type your job title and the name of the company. For example, you might type \"Director of Operations, Bob Builders, Inc.\"\n7. Proofread your letter carefully. Make sure your letter is free of any typos and spelling or grammatical errors. You may also want someone from human resources to read over the letter and verify that all the content is correct. Double-check numbers in particular. It's easy to transpose digits by mistake, and this can lead to a huge misunderstanding. These types of mistakes could also have legal consequences.\n8. Print and sign your letter for mailing. Your letter will look more professional if printed on quality paper. Even if you send an email confirmation, mail an official signed copy as well. Sign the letter in the space provided, using blue or blank ink. Include any credentials, such as \"CPA\" or \"JD,\" if appropriate. Mail the letter promptly, so that your new employee will receive it well before their planned start date.Tip: It also looks more professional to type the envelope. Most word-processing apps have templates you can use to place the addresses correctly on the envelope.\n\n\n## Write a catholic confirmation letter\n\n1. Start with a statement about the importance of confirmation. The sacrament of Confirmation deepens baptismal grace, strengthening the bond between the confirmand and the Church. Address the confirmand personally, and congratulate them for taking this step and receiving this sacrament. For example, you might say \"As you prepare to receive the sacrament of Confirmation, I am honored to support you as you take this important step to deepen your bond with Christ and the Church.\" Use words and phrases from the Catholic Catechism to stress the importance of this step in the confirmand's journey of faith.\n2. Discuss your relationship with the recipient. Use shared memories and experiences to encourage and build up the confirmand. Supplement your stories with verses from Scripture or other sources. Choose stories or events that demonstrate your love for the recipient and their journey in the faith. For example, you might discuss memories of when the recipient was baptized. Questions the recipient may have asked you about the Church or about your faith are also good jumping-off points for reflection. Don't worry about making this long or overly detailed. Brevity can also be powerful.Tip: It may help to outline your letter before you start writing it. Be prepared to go through several drafts to get it right.\n3. Include encouraging or inspirational quotes from Scripture. Use quotes to further express the meaning of the sacrament and the teachings of the Church. You can search online or use the Bible's concordance to find quotes that resonate with you. For example, you might try \"The name of the Lord is a strong tower; the righteous run to it and are safe.\" (Proverbs 18:10). Another encouraging quote is \"For I know the plans I have for you, says the Lord, plans for welfare and not for evil and not for harm, to give you a future with hope.\" (Jeremiah 29:11). You might also try \"I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me.\" (Philippians 4:13).\n4. Assure the recipient that they have your support. Close your letter by letting the recipient know that you support them on their journey and are praying for them. Thank the recipient for being in your life and bringing you love and joy. For example, you might write \"I am extremely proud of you, and all the blessings you have brought to my life. I am honored to be your Confirmation sponsor, and pray that you will continue to grow in faith, hope, and charity. \"Variation: If you know the recipient's confirmation name, you might close your letter with a prayer to that saint.\n5. Write your final letter by hand to make it more personal. Formal letters are typically typed. However, a handwritten confirmation letter feels more personal and authentic, as though it came straight from the heart. This can be a great touch to add. If you're going to write your letter by hand, go slowly. Write as neatly as possible, and make sure you aren't introducing any errors. It can help to type your letter out first and then copy it.\n\n\n## Draft other formal confirmation letter\n\n1. Type your letter in formal business letter format. A formal business letter communicates that you are serious and sets the proper tone for your letter. Most word processing apps include a business letter template that you can use to type your confirmation letter. Use a standard font, such as Times New Roman or Arial. In a legal sense, a confirmation letter also may be used to create a record of an agreement made orally. The formal business letter format is appropriate, as these letters may be used as evidence in court. Because confirmation letters are typically extremely brief, you may find that your letter only has a single paragraph. It should never be longer than a page.\n2. Use an appropriate salutation. Typically you'll start the salutation line with the word \"dear,\" followed by \"Mr.\" or \"Ms.\" and the first and last name of the recipient of the letter. Place a colon at the end of the person's name to start the letter. If the person is a doctor, use \"Dr.\"\n\t* If you don't know the recipient's gender identity, simply use their first and last name. Don't use the abbreviation \"Mrs.\" unless you know the recipient is a married woman who prefers that title.\n3. Confirm the specific arrangement made. There's no reason for any extended introduction or pleasantries in a confirmation letter. Get straight to the point of the event or arrangement you're confirming. This will likely include dates, times, and locations. For example, you might start the letter \"This letter is to confirm\" or \"I am writing to confirm,\" followed by the information you're confirming. If you're writing to confirm receipt of something, you can start your letter \"I am pleased to confirm,\" or \"I was pleased to receive,\" followed by a list of the specific items you received.Err on the side of formality. You can be more personable when confirming a personal arrangement made with someone you know well. But generally, keep your tone formal and professional.\n4. Include any other important information. Other details may include the names and roles of other people involved, specific tasks, conditions of the arrangement, or monetary agreements. Repeat any terms or conditions that were part of the agreement to clarify what is expected. For example, if you're writing to confirm that the recipient will volunteer at a nonprofit event, you might want to include the day, time, and location of the event, as well as specific acts the volunteer will be expected to perform.\n5. Ask for a follow-up if needed. Towards the end of your letter, let the recipient know if you need them to contact you and provide additional information. If your confirmation included a request or an assignment of responsibilities, ask them to confirm their agreement on those terms. Even if you don't have anything specific for the person to contact you about, it's usually a good idea to include a line with your preferred method of communication and let them know that they can contact you if they have any further questions. For example, you might write \"If you have any questions or comments, you can reach me at (999) 444-1212.\"\n6. Thank the recipient. Start a new paragraph and add a line thanking the recipient for joining you in the arrangement or agreeing with you on the terms, whatever is appropriate to the subject of the letter. For example, if you are confirming someone's agreement to volunteer at a nonprofit event, you might say \"Thank you so much for your commitment to our cause. We are grateful for all of your effort.\" Make a statement of your enthusiasm, if appropriate. For example, if you are writing to confirm a job interview, you might say \"I appreciate the opportunity\" or \"I look forward to talking to you.\"\n7. Edit and proofread your letter before printing. Your confirmation letter won't be taken seriously if it includes typos or grammatical errors. In addition to proofreading, make sure your writing is as clear and concise as it can be. Reading your letter aloud can help you pick up on places where your writing could be simpler and more direct, as well as making it easier to notice mistakes. Edit out legalese or other industry jargon. Be clear and direct about what you're confirming.\n8. Print your letter on quality paper. Once you're confident your letter is error-free, print it on a premium, stationery paper. You can buy small quantities of this type of paper in office supply stores or online. If you're sending the letter in your capacity as an employee or representative of a business or organization, use the letterhead of that business or organization. However, if you're writing to confirm a personal matter, don't use the business letterhead – even if you own the business. Most word processing apps have templates you can use to create your own personal letterhead if you want your letter to look a little more polished.\n9. Sign the letter using blue or black ink. After you've printed the letter, sign it neatly in the space you provided over your typed name. Try to keep your signature professional and reasonably legible, without being excessively stylistic. Sign your first and last name exactly as it is typed. It's typically not appropriate to use a nickname or abbreviation when signing a confirmation letter.\n10. Send your letter to the recipient promptly. Try to get your letter in the mail the same day you sign it. You won't make a good impression if the date of your letter is several days before the date of the postmark. If the letter is confirming something that could possibly have legal significance, make a copy of the confirmation letter for your own records before you mail it.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to go to amarnath temple?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Plan and prepare for the trip\n\n1. Plan to visit between June and August. Since snow and ice usually cover the cave temple, you won’t be able to access it during the cold winter and spring months. Wait until mid-June or July to plan your trip to the Amarnath Temple. Usually, the cave stays open through the first 1–2 weeks of August before it closes due to the terrain getting too difficult for travel. The actual dates when you can travel to the temple are chosen by the Shri Amarnathji Shrine Board (SASB) and it varies depending on the weather and how clear the trails are. You will not be able to reach the Amarnath Temple at any other time of the year.\n2. Get a Compulsory Health Certificate by a doctor approved by the SASB. Look at the list of approved doctors on the SASB website and schedule an appointment to see one. Bring the Compulsory Health Certificate from the site with you and fill out the self-assessment on top. Allow your doctor to run any tests to check if you’re fit for traveling to the Amarnath Temple. If they approve you for traveling, then you’ll be able to make the journey.You can find the Compulsory Health Certificate for 2020 here: http://www.shriamarnathjishrine.com/Yatra2019/CHC%20form%20for%20Yatra%20-%202020.pdf. The certificate you need changes each year, so make sure you’re using the proper one. Since the Amarnath Temple is 4,000 metres (2.5 mi) above sea level, it’s possible to get altitude sickness if you aren’t fit enough for the trip.Warning: You will not be allowed to go to Amarnath Temple if you are under 13, over 75, or more than 6 weeks pregnant.\n3. Submit a registration form online to the SASB. Select the date you want to travel to the temple on the calendar at the top of the page. Fill out the personal details on the registration form completely, including your name, birthday, phone number, and address. Then, list the clinic and doctor that completed your Compulsory Health Certificate. Upload a photograph of yourself and a scanned copy of the certificate before submitting the registration form.You can find the online registration form here: http://jksasb.nic.in/register.aspx. If you are accepted to travel to the temple, you will receive a text or email message about how to pay the 50 INR ($0.70 USD) fee. When you receive a permit, you must keep a copy on you at all times during your trip.\n4. Start taking 4–5 km (2.5–3.1 mi) walks 1 month prior to your trip. Start building up your endurance at least 1–2 months before your scheduled date of departure. Try to take the walks in the early morning or evening so you can get used to breathing in cool air. Continue taking walks each day up until you leave so you don’t get exhausted while you hike to the temple.You can also practice deep breathing exercises and yoga so you’re able to improve your oxygen efficiency. This will help you breathe easier when you’re at a higher altitude since there isn’t as much oxygen in the air.\n5. Pack warm clothes, waterproof shoes, a water bottle, and a walking stick. Only bring a lightweight, waterproof bag so you don’t get exhausted while you’re trekking to the temple. Opt for wool clothes that are waterproof so you stay warm. Make sure you use waterproof trekking shoes and a walking stick so you’re easily able to traverse more difficult terrain. Since you'll be active, opt for a reusable water bottle as well.Other things you may need for your trip include an umbrella, flashlight, hat, gloves, and a raincoat. The weather can be unpredictable and temperatures may dip below 5 °C (41 °F) during the night. You don’t have to bring tents or sleeping bags since there will be sites where you can spend the night.\n\n\n## Get to the temple\n\n1. Choose the Pahalgam route for an easier trek that lasts 3–5 days total. Select Pahalgam as your starting point if you want to follow the traditional pilgrimage route to the temple. While the trip does take longer to complete, it doesn’t have any steep slopes that are difficult to climb, and you can ride or use ponies during most of the ascent. You will hike about 48 kilometres (30 mi) if you go from Pahalgam to the Amarnath Temple. You don’t have to pay any additional fees to take the Pahalgam route.\n2. Pick the Baltal route for a steep climb that only takes 1–2 days round trip. If you’re an experienced climber or you feel like making the trip within a shorter amount of time, opt to start in Baltal, which is just north of the temple. Though the route from Baltal is much steeper than the path from Pahalgam, you can make the round-trip journey within a day.Plan to hike about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) using the Baltal route. If you’re too tired to descend back to Baltal, you can opt to stay at a camp at the top overnight before leaving the next day. There are no other fees to take the Baltal route.Warning: Ponies are not allowed on the Baltal route since it’s too steep, so you will have to walk the entire way.\n3. Fly into Srinagar to get the closest to either base camp. Look for flights that come into the Srinagar International Airport, since it’s only 2–3 hours from both Pahalgam and Baltalhead. Try to schedule your flight into the airport 1–2 days before the date you’re scheduled to go to Amarnath Temple so you have time to travel.You can also fly or take a train to Jammu, but you’ll need to drive or take a bus further to to the base camps.\n4. Take a bus or taxi to the base camp you selected. Look for a bus or taxi service that runs from Srinagar to either Pahalgam or Baltal, depending on which route you plan on traveling. Typically, your ride will only last around 2–3 hours, but it may take longer depending on the road conditions.If you have a vehicle, you can also drive yourself to the base camps. Usually, there is some on-site parking, but it may be busy due to the number of travelers for the pilgrimage.\n5. Hire a helicopter tour if you don’t want to hike all the way to the temple. Helicopters fly out from both Pahalgam and Baltal, so you can reserve them for either base camp. Choose the date that you want to travel to the temple and reserve your spot. Arrive at the helicopter port on your scheduled day and take it up toward the temple. The helicopter will be able to take you as close as 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) away, but you will need to hike the rest of the way.Typically, a helicopter tour will cost around 3,600 INR ($50 USD) for a round trip.\n\n\n## Trek to the cave\n\n1. Carry your belongings in a waterproof bag. Store your clothes and everything you’ve brought with you in a waterproof bag or backpack so they don’t get wet. Use a bag that fits tightly on your shoulders and back so it doesn’t cause any strain while you climb up to the temple. Make sure you zip the bag at all times so water doesn’t leak inside or get your things wet. Weather can be unpredictable during your ascent, so it may snow or rain while you’re climbing to the temple.\n2. Stop at tea stalls or small restaurant huts for meals and drinks. Look for small huts or stands along the route to the temple to see what kind of food and drinks they offer. Pay for the rations and enjoy them at one of the camps along the route. Otherwise, save non-perishable food in your bag so you can have it later during your trek.Some stalls may charge for food while others volunteer and provide meals for free.Tip: Always carry some back-up snacks, such as dried fruits or nuts, with you so you can eat as you get hungry.\n3. Protect your skin with sunscreen or petroleum jelly. Keep a bottle of sunscreen or petroleum jelly in your bag so you have access to it whenever you need it. Apply it to your exposed skin and rub it in until it’s clear so it can absorb fully. After 2 hours, put on another layer so you stay protected from the sun.Petroleum jelly can also help keep your skin from drying out due to the cold, dry air.\n4. Rest at the camps set up along the route. Look for tents and huts along the route where you’re able to rest for the night during your trip. Pay for tent rental and take time to relax so you don’t feel too exhausted when you reach the shrine. Make sure your clothes aren’t wet before you fall asleep so you don’t get cold at night.If you’re shivering, slurring speech, experiencing blurry vision, or feeling nauseous, you may be experiencing altitude sickness. Rest as soon as possible and avoid climbing any higher.\n5. Pray to Shiva at the ice lingam when you reach the holy shrine. When you reach the Amarnath Temple, take off your shoes and enter the cave to see the ice lingam, which is a tall column of ice that’s considered holy. Say a prayer to Shiva while you’re next to the lingam before exiting the shrine.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to flip someone off with style?", + "input": "", + "output": "Flipping someone off is a classic nonverbal signal for showing anger and frustration toward a person. You might \"flip the bird\" to someone who has cut you off, insulted you, or otherwise provoked your ire. At its simplest, flipping someone off is just pointedly displaying your middle finger in their direction. More advanced techniques take on an element of comedy or performance art. Remember: when you flip someone off, you are calling him or her out – so use with caution, or be prepared for the consequences!\n\n## Basic flip-off move\n\n1. Give someone the finger. There is a simple straightforwardness to the classic \"flip-off.\" Turn the back of your fist toward someone, as though you are shaking a fist at them. Then, extend your middle finger. Hold the pose and look the person in the eye. This is a quick and easy way to get the point across. Wave your finger around for emphasis. Hold it out firmly and emphatically to make sure that you get the point across.\n2. Try using both hands. For added effect, whip out the \"double-finger\" flip-off. Flip the person off with both middle fingers at the same to show them that you are unusually angry. Do \"the X\": cross your middle fingers into an \"X,\" and then hold them against your chest facing the offender.\n3. Switch fingers. For a somewhat more dynamic insult, flash your left and right middle fingers at the person in rapid succession. Alternately, keep both middle fingers extended and wave them around for emphasis.\n\n\n## Discreet flip-off move\n\n1. Act like you are itching your nose. Reach up to your face as though you are going to itch your nose or your face. Look in the direction of the person that you want to flip off. Then, use your middle finger to scratch your nose while staring pointedly. The person that you are flipping off might not notice this move. However, it might give other onlookers a laugh.\n2. Flip the person off behind their back. You might feel a bit better simply by releasing your anger somehow, even if the person in question doesn't actually see you. Consider whether you want to provoke a confrontation, or just get your feelings out.\n\n\n## Theatrical flip-off move\n\n1. Do the \"jack-in-the-box\" flip-off. Hold your fist out in front of you, knuckles facing the offender – but do not raise your middle finger yet. Then, make a fist with the other hand, and crank it in circles next to the first hand as though you are winding up an old-timey jack-in-the-box toy. As you crank, hum \"Pop Goes the Weasel,\" the tune traditionally associated with jack-in-the-boxes. Hum and crank faster and faster as you approach the end of the tune. Then, at the final \"Pop\" of the \"Pop Goes the Weasel\" tune, extend your middle finger as though it is the jack popping out of the box. Finish humming the tune while flipping the person off. Make sure that you have the person's undivided attention. This move takes a bit of time to pull off, and you want to make sure to get the full effect.\n2. Practice \"the balloon.\" Hold your fist in front of your face and put the tip of your thumb in your mouth. Act as though you are blowing up a balloon: \"blow\" into your thumb, and slowly extend all of your fingers as though your breath is inflating them. Then, hold you middle finger of the \"balloon hand\" with your other hand, and move the thumb away from your mouth. Slowly close the other fingers on your \"balloon hand\" until only your middle finger is left pointing at the person whom you want to flip off.\n3. Pretend to \"find\" your middle finger. Act as though you are looking for something: in your pocket, or between the couch cushions, or in a desk drawer. Make sure that you get the person's attention. Then, make a show of being relieved that you have found the thing you're looking for. Turn to show the person what you found: and flip them off! Alternately, lean down in front of the person as though you are picking something up off of the ground. Come up flashing your middle finger, and say, \"Did you drop this?\"\n4. Try \"the trumpet.\" Blow on your thumb while pretending to play the trumpet, and flail your fingers as though you are hitting the valves. Periodically hold up only your middle finger. Add some musical effects for style!\n5. Try the \"double extreme.\" Extend the middle fingers of both hands. Then, bring your arms behind your back and through your legs. You should have both middle fingers clearly presented. Note: only people with long arms can pull this off.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make banana muffins?", + "input": "", + "output": "Banana muffins are healthy, fast and a great way to use up those fast deteriorating overripe bananas. Remember that one of the tricks to successful muffins is to not overmix the mixture.\n\n## Banana muffins\n\n1. Preheat the oven to 375ºF/190ºC. Prepare a muffin pan (by greasing, only if needed).\n2. Cream the butter and sugar.\n3. Add the syrup, egg and mashed banana to the creamed mixture.\n4. Mix just enough to combine. Add the flour and fold in.\n5. Transfer the batter to the prepared muffin pan. Distribute the batter evenly in each hole of the pan.\n6. Place in the preheated oven. Bake for 15 to 20 minutes.\n7. Remove from the heat. Allow to cool in the pan for a few minutes, then transfer to a wire cooling rack to finish cooling.\n8. Serve warm or cooled. Consume within a day or two of baking.\n\n\n## Banana muffins with cinnamon\n\n1. Preheat the oven to 350ºF/180ºC. If you need grease the muffin pan do so, or add paper cases for the muffins.\n2. Add the flour, baking powder, baking soda and salt to a flour sifter. Sift into a mixing bowl and put to one side.\n3. Place the mashed bananas into a mixing bowl. Add the sugar, egg and melted butter. Fold in the sifted flour mixture from the other bowl. Mix until smooth but don’t overmix.\n4. Transfer the batter to the prepared muffin pan. Divide evenly across the pan.\n5. Place in the oven. Bake for 20 to 30 minutes if medium to large muffins, or 10 to 15 minutes if making mini muffins.\n6. Remove from the heat. Allow to cool in the pan for a few minutes, then transfer to a wire cooling rack to finish cooling.\n7. Serve warm or cooled. Consume within a day or two.\n\n\n## Banana nutella muffins\n\n1. Preheat the oven to 350ºF/180ºC. Prepare the muffin pan by greasing or lining it (using muffin cases).\n2. Sift the flour, baking soda and salt into a mixing bowl. Add the sugar. Stir to combine.\n3. In another bowl, mix the mashed bananas, yogurt, eggs, butter and vanilla together.\n4. Fold the flour mixture into the wet mixture. Mix quickly until combined. Fold in the hazelnuts.\n5. Transfer the batter to the prepared muffin pan. Divide the batter evenly across the muffin pan holes.\n6. Add a teaspoon of Nutella atop each muffin. Using a toothpick, swirl the Nutella across the top.\n7. Place in the oven. Bake for 20 to 25 minutes, or until golden.\n8. Remove from the the oven. Allow to cool briefly in the pan, then remove and cool completely.\n9. Serve warm or cooled.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to be creative when playing with your barbies?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are endless fun possibilities when it comes to playing with Barbies. If you need ideas for activities, consider doing things like creating a beach for Barbie, pretending she's a doctor to help sick patients, or hosting a fashion show to show off all of her clothing. You can also create things for Barbie, such as furniture to go in her house or new clothing for her to wear.\n\n## Do activities with barbie\n\n1. Create your own Barbie mansion to play house with Barbie. If you bought a playhouse just for Barbie, great! If not, empty a bookshelf or stack empty boxes on top of one another on their sides to create your own. You can fill it with furniture and have Barbie decorate her home, use her kitchen, lounge in her bedroom, or chat with friends in her living room. Have Barbie throw a dinner party in her home, inviting other dolls and eating great food. Barbie could host a sleepover at her house and watch a funny movie.\n2. Turn Barbie into a doctor to have her help patients. Pretend that Barbie is a doctor or nurse and create an office for her to see sick patients. Use other dolls or toys to be the sick patients, and have Barbie check their throat, ears, nose, temperature, and breathing to see if she can help them get better. Pretend Barbie is a surgeon and is operating on another doll to save its life, or have Barbie fix up another doll’s broken arm or ankle.\n3. Take Barbie to the beach by playing in a sandy spot. Use an outdoor sandbox, sandy section of your yard, or build your own beach by pouring sand into a plastic tub indoors. Let Barbie relax on a towel under a beach umbrella in the sand while she reads a book or talks to a friend. Use a piece of fabric or a washcloth as Barbie’s beach towel. Put Barbie in her bathing suit so she can soak up some sun. Create a beach umbrella using a decorative drink umbrella, or by cutting an umbrella shape out of paper and sticking a toothpick or pencil through the middle. Add a small tub of water next to the sand to create an “ocean.”\n4. Send Barbie to the hair salon to fix up her hair. To smooth out any tangles in Barbie’s hair, dip her hair in a mixture of fabric softener and water and then use a brush to brush out the tangles. Curl Barbie’s hair using pipe cleaners and hot water, or dye her hair with food coloring mixed with water. To curl Barbie’s hair, take small sections of her hair and roll each section up on a small piece of pipe cleaner, just as you would real hair curlers. Dip her hair in hot water and let it dry. Mix a drop or 2 of food coloring in a bowl of water before dipping Barbie’s hair into the colored water. This works best if Barbie has blonde hair.\n5. Let Barbie be a teacher to teach other dolls new things. Set up a school room with rows of chairs and desks for the doll students to sit and learn, and have Barbie write lessons on a chalkboard to teach everyone things like math, science, or foreign languages. You can even create small books for everyone to read and learn from! Barbie doesn’t just have to be a school teacher - have her teach other dolls how to ride a horse, how to make a cake, or how to swim. Tape a piece of paper up on the wall to use as the chalkboard. Make books by cutting paper into sections that are roughly 1 in (2.5 cm) wide and 2 in (5.1 cm) long. Fold these sections in half and add a staple right on the folded line.\n6. Have Barbie star in her own movie using a video camera or phone. This could be an action movie where Barbie is involved in a high-speed car chase, a romantic movie where Barbie falls in love with someone, or any other genre that you like. Use a phone or video camera to film each scene so you can watch it later on. Plan out each scene before filming, such as which props you’ll need and what Barbie will say. Ask friends or family members to help you shoot the movie so that you can have more characters in it. For example, you could film the movie outside and pretend that Barbie is stuck on an island and needs to be rescued.\n7. Take Barbie on a road trip if she has her own car. Pack up Barbie’s car with snacks, clothing, and any other gear she’ll need for a road trip, or use your imagination and use a cardboard box as her car. Have Barbie travel from room to room, meeting new people and trying new things. Barbie could also travel by plane, bus, boat, bicycle, or train. For example, you could pretend that each room in your house is a different country, and Barbie takes a plane to France, Greece, and Japan to try out their food. Take Barbie on a road trip to go shopping, hear music, or experience a festival.\n8. Create a pool for Barbie using a sink or plastic container. Fill a bowl or plastic container with water and dress Barbie up in her swimsuit so that she can go swimming. Make sure Barbie is able to get wet before dipping her in the water, especially if she has a special hairdo. Have Barbie throw a pool party and invite her friends. Play music, have Barbie sit on a pool towel next to the pool, or let her practice doing fun dives into the water.\n9. Put on a fashion show using Barbie’s clothing. Dress Barbie in fancy dresses, businesswoman attire, lounge wear, or in crazy costumes. Use the clothing you already have for Barbie, or create new clothing using materials around your house such as balloons, pieces of fabric, or old socks. Play music while putting on the fashion show so that Barbie can strut down the runway. For example, dress Barbie up like a princess, astronaut, ballerina, basketball player, or celebrity.\n\n\n## Make clothe and furniture for barbie\n\n1. Cut up balloons to make clothing for Barbie. Cut both ends of the balloon off using scissors to create a skirt or strapless dress, or design more detailed shirts and dresses by cutting arm holes into the balloon. Slide the balloon up over Barbie’s body starting at her feet once you’re done. The balloon should be deflated to use it as clothing.\n2. Create a dress out of a piece of fabric. Look around the house to find spare pieces of fabric used for sewing or projects. To make a super simple dress, cut a circle out of the fabric with a diameter of about 1 foot (30 cm). Cut a small hole for Barbie’s head right in the middle, and then 2 arm holes on either side. Slide the dress over Barbie’s head and use a ribbon or piece of string to tie it at the waist. Make sure the main hole in Barbie’s dress is big enough for her head to fit through. Design more complicated pieces of clothing, such as pants or long-sleeve shirts, if desired.\n3. Cover sponges in fabric to create a comfy couch. Find pieces of fabric for sewing or crafts around the house and cut them into squares large enough to fit over the sponge, leaving 1 in (2.5 cm) of extra fabric on each side. You can either sew the fabric to create a cover for the sponge, or you can glue the fabric onto the sponge. Do this with at least 2 sponges and then place one flat on the ground with the other up against a wall as a backrest. For a super comfy couch, make the seat of the couch out of 2 sponges stacked on top of one another. To create a long sectional, use 4-6 sponges to form the couch.\n4. Stack empty matchboxes on top of one another to form drawers. You can color, paint, or cover the outside of the matchboxes with paper beforehand, if desired. Place the matchboxes on top of one another, adding drops of glue in between each layer to keep them all in place. Place Barbie’s things, such as her hairbrush, phone, mirror, or books, in the drawers. If you only have one matchbox, prop the matchbox up on something like a piece of cardboard or paper clips and turn it into a one-drawer nightstand. Cover the new drawers with stickers, glitter, or pictures.\n5. Turn a shoebox into a bed for Barbie. Find an old shoebox from your closet, garage, or other storage spot and empty it out. Place a washcloth or small blanket inside, as well as something that will be used as a pillow. Now Barbie has a bed ready for sleeping! Create a pillow by stuffing a piece of fabric or a cloth bag with tissues or stuffing. Decorate the sides of the bed using markers, pencils, or paint.\n6. Tie ribbon onto a small hair band to make a tutu for Barbie. Find an extra hair tie and ribbon that you like. Cut the ribbon into 6 in (15 cm) sections, and then tie the ribbon onto the hair tie so that the middle of the ribbon is where the knot is. Do this all the way around the hair tie to create a fun tutu. Use different colored or patterned ribbon to make the tutu super colorful. If your hair tie is too big and won’t fit Barbie, find a rubber band and cut it before tying a new knot to make it the perfect size.\n7. Design chairs using cardboard and paper clips. Use scissors to cut cardboard into strips that are at least 3 in (7.6 cm) wide. By bending these strips of cardboard, you can create simple chairs or chaise lounges. If you want the chair to stand up off the ground, bend paper clips to form chair ends and use glue or tape to attach them to the bottom of the chairs. Fold a 6 in (15 cm) long piece of cardboard in half to create a simple chair. Fold a 9 in (23 cm) long piece of cardboard into thirds to form a chaise lounge.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to get a free room upgrade in las vegas?", + "input": "", + "output": "Las Vegas is home to high rollers, high stakes, and high hotel rates. In Vegas, the land of risk and reward, it is possible to lodge in style at a discounted rate. With a little finesse and a willing hotel clerk, you can upgrade your generic room to a swanky suite for free.\n\n## Book your room\n\n1. Visit Vegas at the right time. The dates of your visit to Vegas may increase your chances of receiving a free room upgrade. Travel experts, however, have conflicting opinions on the “right time” to visit Vegas. Visit during a period of low occupancy. According to some travel experts, if you want a free upgrade, reserve a room during a period of low-occupancy. For example, if the hotel is known to host businessmen and women during the week, book a stay on a weekend when there will be more suites available. Visit during a conference or event. Other travel experts insist that you are more likely to receive a free upgrade when all of the basic rooms are booked. This typically occurs during a conference or an event. Hotels may offer you a free upgrade to prevent you from switching hotels and to open up a less expensive room for a conference or event goer.\n2. Choose the right hotel. Some Vegas hotels and casinos are more likely to offer free upgrades than others. Before booking a hotel, conduct a quick search to determine which Vegas hotels and casinos are most likely to upgrade your room. You may wish to quickly survey friends, family, and contacts on social media. New hotels may be more likely to upgrade your room because they want a positive review.\n3. Book directly with the hotel. Hotel clerks are aware when you have reserved a room through a third party website. While booking through these sites may guarantee a better rate, it may also result in you being placed in a sub-par room with little chance of receiving a complimentary upgrade. Clerks are more willing to reward customers that book directly with the hotel. If you see a lower rate on a third party site, call the hotel and ask if they will match it.\n4. Book a more expensive room. In order to receive a free room upgrade, consider spending a little more money on the initial reservation. When a guest books a mid-range room over a basic room, the hotel makes more money. The customer staying in the more expensive room automatically becomes more valuable than a customer staying in a basic room. As a result, hotel clerks are more receptive to the needs and requests of a customer that has booked a more expensive room.\n5. Pay with the right credit card. When you book with certain credit cards, such as American Express, you may be automatically eligible to receive a free upgrade. This perk is typically only available to centurion or platinum cardholders. If you belong to a lower card holding class, however, it never hurts to ask if you qualify for a free room upgrade. If you are unsure of the perks offered by your credit card company, call a representative for clarification, conduct a quick internet search, or read through your welcome packet information.\n\n\n## Tip at check-in\n\n1. Check-in at a later time. Throughout the day, hotels gain a better understanding of their occupancy levels and available rooms for that evening and the days immediately following. You are more likely to benefit from this information, if you check-in at a later time. Arrive at the hotel in the late afternoon to evening.\n2. Prepare your tip. Prior to approaching the front desk, discretely prepare your tip. Fold your bill in half neatly. Insert the bill between your credit card and ID. The amount you tip is entirely your choice. Most people will slip clerks at least a twenty dollar bill.\n3. Observe the front desk attendants. Once you arrive (preferably late), take a moment to observe the hotel clerks. Identify a clerk that looks confident, competent, and not in charge. Once you have selected the clerk you want to assist you, approach him or her at the desk. If the clerk you have selected is not immediately available, allow a guest to go in front of you. Do not ask while other guests are around.\n4. Ask for what you want. When requesting a free upgrade, specificity and the word “complimentary” are key. If you do not ask for what you want, you may just end up with a room on a higher floor; if you leave out the word “complimentary,” the clerk may assume that you are willing to pay for the upgrade. After providing the clerk with your name, smile and slide your cards and tip across the desk. Tell the clerk that you are really interested in checking out a specific suite. Ask “if there are any available complimentary upgrades?”\n5. Thank the clerk. No matter the outcome, always treat the clerk politely. If the clerk upgrades your room, smile and thank them profusely. If the clerk does not upgrade your room, don’t berate them. Instead, smile and thank them for their time and effort. If the clerk can upgrade your room, they will do so. If the clerk cannot upgrade your room, they should return your tip. You may choose to take back the bill or leave it with the clerk. Hotels are more inclined to help and reward guests that are nice, generous, and polite. From the moment you make your reservation, treat every member of the staff with respect. Any staff member, from the bellboy to the manager, could make your complimentary room upgrade possible.\n\n\n## Explore alternative methods\n\n1. Ask for a complimentary upgrade. When you simply ask for an upgrade, instead of discretely slipping the clerk a tip, you are taking a minimal risk that could result in major rewards. While checking in, nicely ask the clerk if there are any complimentary upgrades available. If there are, the clerk may be inclined to grant your request. If they can’t offer you an official upgrade, they may transfer you to a room of a same rate that has a better view or is in a better location. If there are no free upgrades, ask how much it would cost to improve your room. The clerk may provide you with a discounted rate if they know you are willing to pay. Do not ask while other guests are around.\n2. Take advantage of a special occasion. When hotels learn that a guest has chosen to celebrate a special event at their establishment, they are honored. Special occasions provide them with a chance to show off. They will strive to make your stay special and memorable. When booking the room, mention that while you are there you will celebrate a special occasion, such as an anniversary, birthday, or honeymoon. While checking in, subtly mention that you are there for a special occasion. The clerk may then choose to upgrade your room or at the very least provide you with a surprise, such as champagne and chocolates.\n3. Be loyal to the hotel chain. Loyal hotel guests receive special treatment. Joining the hotel’s loyalty program may help you distinguish yourself as a loyal guest. You will also rack up reward points that could lead to a free upgrade or even a free stay.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to react if you see a suicidal post on facebook?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Respond on facebook\n\n1. Comment and encourage the person to seek help. Many people ignore suicidal social media posts for various reasons. However, social media suicide threats should be considered as serious as any other suicide threat. You may want to reply back to the person or send them a private message where you encourage them to seek help. Consider sending them the numbers to a suicide hotline to talk with a trained suicide counselor. Two suicide hotline numbers you can give them are 1-800-SUICIDE (1-800-784-2433) or 1-800-273-TALK (8255). Suicide.org provides suicide hotlines broken down by state, and also provides international numbers. They also give numbers for Spanish speaking hotlines, and hotlines geared towards specific groups, such as LGBT youth and military veterans.\n2. Report the post. When you see a suicide status update on Facebook, you have the option to report the post. When you report the post, it alerts Facebook that the poster may need help. Facebook then sends the person a message asking them if they would like to talk to someone (like a helpline worker) or be sent some tips to help them work through the problem. Reporting the post is anonymous, so the poster won’t know you reported them. To find the “Report Post” link, look for the arrow in the top right of the status box. When you hit the arrow, it should give you the option to “Report Post.”\n3. Use Facebook’s “Report Suicidal Content” option. When you see a suicidal message on Facebook, you can report them directly to Facebook. This option is different than simple reporting the post. You find the \"report suicidal content\" page in Facebook's help section and provide information directly to Facebook. You will need to provide the person’s name, the link to their profile, a link to the suicidal content, and a screenshot of the post.\n\n\n## Help the person\n\n1. Contact the person’s family and friends. If you see a suicide threat but are not close enough to the person to contact them yourself, reach out to the person’s family or friends. They may not be aware of the post. Let them know what you saw on Facebook and that you are worried about the poster. The person’s family and friends may be able to reach the person better than you can. They may be aware of a suicide plan already in place that you don’t know about. For example, you may say, \"I saw a post on Jane's Facebook page where she threatened to commit suicide. I am concerned about her and wasn't sure if you knew about this post.\"\n2. Reach out to the person. You may want to reach out to the person and offer support. Start off by offering to listen to the person. Don’t be afraid to ask, “Are you thinking about suicide?” and “What has led you to feel this way?” Listen as the person shares their feelings with you. Comfort the person. Be kind, gentle, and supportive as you let the person know that you are there for them. Let the person know that you are concerned about them. Say, “I am concerned about your safety and your life. You are important.”\n\t* Tell the person you care about them and they mean something to you. For example, say, “You are important to me. I care about you.” You may even want to pay them a visit if you live close to the person and know them well.\n3. Call emergency services. If a person is threatening to commit suicide, they need help. If you believe they need immediate help because they are going to commit suicide very soon, call 911 or other emergency services. Do not feel bad or embarrassed about calling for help. A threat of suicide is serious and needs to be dealt with accordingly. When you contact emergency services, tell them that the person is threatening to commit suicide via Facebook and you are concerned about their safety and life. You can also try calling a suicide prevention hotline yourself to ask for help with how to deal with the situation.\n\n\n## Take care of yourself\n\n1. Do what you can. You may get extremely upset if you see someone you know or care about threatening to commit suicide. You should do what you can to help the person, but then let it go. Don’t let yourself get inappropriately emotionally invested in the situation. You cannot control what the person does, only what you do to help. Once you have helped, there is nothing more you can do. You can check up on the person and offer support as they deal with the aftermath of the suicide threat. However, make sure to set up boundaries to protect your own mental health. Remember that you can only control your life and not the other person’s. To set up boundaries, start by addressing what is in your power to do. This may be calling 911, contacting their family, or reaching out to them and listening. Next, you should do what you can. Tell yourself, \"These are the actions that are within my control to do.\" Then, remove yourself emotionally from the situation. You can only control what you do, not what they do. Remind yourself, \"I have done what I could do. I am not in control of the other person. I now will have to let it go and take care of myself.\"\n2. Refrain from being the person’s counselor. You should not try to counsel the person yourself. Reaching out to the person, checking on them to gauge their mental status, and letting them know you care are important things you can do. However, you should let the professionals counsel the person. Don’t try to give the person advice or convince them not to commit suicide. You are not a trained suicide counselor, so you should leave that to the professionals. You may say something to trigger a negative response or something that may upset the person’s fragile emotional and mental state.\n3. Talk to a counselor. If you have helped someone who threatened suicide on Facebook, the experience may have taken an emotional toll on you. You may want to discuss your experience and feelings with a trained counselor who can help you sort through any grief, guilt, or other negative feelings. Even if the person is fine, getting involved may affect you. Instead of trying to “get over it” on your own, talk through the experience with someone trained in dealing with these situations. You may say to the counselor, \"I recently had someone I know threaten to commit suicide on Facebook. This really affected me. I cannot imagine the world without this person, and I keep worrying that they are going to go through with it. I know I am obsessing about this, and I need help to learn how to cope.\"\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to control chi?", + "input": "", + "output": "Chi (also known as “Qi” and pronounced “chee”) is a concept that comes from Chinese medicine. Chi is life energy, which is believed to be in everything and everyone in the world. Many people wish to spend time focusing their chi because it is believe to improve health, focus, and well-being. Learning to focus your chi will be an on-going journey.\n\n## Focus chi through movement\n\n1. Practice Tai Chi. Tai Chi can help you with focusing your Chi. It is a light exercise that uses several movements and breathing to help you focus on your Chi. It is believed to help reduce stress and help with many medical conditions.\n2. Find Tai Chi classes. There are many videos for practicing Tai Chi on the web. Simply search for “Tai Chi videos” on your favorite search engine. However, if you have never practiced any Tai Chi before, it is perhaps a good idea to visit a Tai Chi instructor to help get you started. You can also call local gyms and yoga studios to see which ones offer Tai Chi classes.\n3. Try out some of the basic movements. If you aren’t sure whether you would like Tai Chi, or if you feel intimidated to go to a class, you can try out a few of the basic movements first. Begin with your feet at shoulder width. This helps you keep your weight centered. Keep in mind that when practicing Tai Chi, it is extremely important to keep you weight balanced on both of your feet, which when planted on the ground, should stay shoulder width apart. Keep your knees slightly bent. Don’t lock them! Try to position yourself as if you were about to sit down into a chair, which will require your muscles in your legs to engage. Keep your spine straight, but also relaxed. Imagine that each vertebra is floating above the one below it. Touch your tongue to the roof of the mouth gently. This is believed to connect the channels which help chi flow. Thus connecting your entire body. Make a mental connection. This involves mentally thinking about connecting the wrists and ankles, elbows and knees, shoulders with hips. Become aware of your breath. Breathe in a relaxed, normal manner. Follow the inhalation and exhalation, as well as expanding and contraction of your lungs. If you can, belly breathe.\n4. Be present while practicing. Being present in the moment (rather than constantly thinking about the past or worrying about the future) plays a huge role in Eastern Philosophy. This means that when you are practicing Tai Chi (and in your daily life in general) you should also practice being mindful, or fully present, in the moment. In the case of Tai Chi, you should practice noticing physical and emotional sensations you feel while you are actively practicing. Naturally, your mind may wander. In these instance, you should simply try to notice extraneous thoughts that come into your mind, and then go back to noticing the feelings and sensations you are currently experience. Don’t judge the thought, and try not to follow it.\n5. Keep practicing! The idea behind Tai Chi (and focusing and developing your Chi in general, is that you are on a journey. Thus, if you really want to use Tai Chi as a method of focusing your Chi, you should practice consistently. You may find benefit if you practice every day for a month, but you will find even more benefit if you practice a few times a week for many years.\n\n\n## Use chi breathe exercise\n\n1. Practice mindfulness when practicing these breathing exercises. The term “mindfulness” refers to a practice of making a gentle effort to be present in whatever you are currently doing. In this case, this means making an effort to think about the exercise as you are doing it. Think about the way the breath feels as you inhale and exhale. Although your mind will very likely wander to other thoughts, worries, and/or other things you have to get done, just do your best to come back to the present when you notice that it has wandered. Don’t get mad at yourself when this happens.\n2. Find a comfortable position. This will be different for everyone. If you find that you are comfortable sitting cross-legged on the floor, do that. If you want to lay down or even stand up, that is fine too. Make sure your clothes are comfortable, and that you are sitting with good posture. Inhale through your nose. Do this as you normally would, don’t make it deeper or more shallow. Exhale slowly. Instead of out your nose, exhale out of your mouth as much as you can. Try to get all of the air out of your lungs. Breathe in through your nose. You will find this very refreshing as their was no air in your lungs, but try to breathe normally. Don’t take a very deep breath, but instead take a breath as you normally would. Repeat the process of inhaling through the nose and exhaling through the mouth. Do this as many times as you like. It will help refresh you and make you more alert. However, if you feel dizzy, try taking a break or making your exhalations slower.\n3. Practice belly breathing. In Eastern medicine it is believed that breathing low in the belly is better than using the shoulders to breathe. Lie down on your back. Once you get the hang of it, you will be able to do this no matter whether you are sitting, laying down, or standing. However, it’s good to start in this position so you know how it should feel. Rest one of your hands low on your belly, beneath your belly button with a flat, open hand. Take a few normal breaths to relax. Take a deep breath, and then forcefully exhale. The point here is to try and push your hand up with your belly during the exhalation. Your hips and back should not move. Repeat this step until you get the hang of moving your hand using only your breathing.\n4. Breathe in a square. This may sound strange, but it will help you to experience what chi feels like. It involves breaking your inhalation and exhalation down into 4 parts. Begin by sitting in a peaceful, relaxed position. If you choose to sit up, make sure you have good posture. Take a few breaths to relax. If you have mastered belly breathing, then do that. However, if you have not, just breathe normally for a few breaths to relax. Choose an amount of time for your breaths. A good place to start is 5 seconds for inhalation and 5 seconds for exhalation. You can add or subtract time from this if you need. Breathe in for the amount of time you have chosen (i.e. 5 seconds), then spend 5 seconds without inhaling or exhaling (don’t tense up your body here!). Follow this with 5 seconds of slowly exhaling, and another 5 seconds where you stop exhaling and don’t inhale either. Focus on the experience of continually breathing in a square. The feeling you get from this is chi.\n\n\n## Focus chi through meditation\n\n1. Search for videos or apps. If you have never practiced meditation before, you can search the web for videos or for apps for your smart phone that can guide you through a meditation session. If you choose to use a video to guide you, skim through several videos to see if you enjoy the tempo of the guidance, the length, and the content of the guidance. You don’t have to listen to the whole thing before you start, but try to look for a guided meditation for beginners as these will be much shorter and include much more verbal guidance.\n2. Avoid eating for at least half an hour before meditating. A full belly can make you sleepy and weigh you down. When meditating, you want to be awake, but relaxed.\n3. Find a quiet place to meditate. If you can find a nearly silent place to meditate, this is best. If you wish, you can use music to help you focus in your meditation. However, be sure to use music that is suitable for Chi meditation. If you don’t have any such music, you can search sites like YouTube for videos that play the correct music. Simply search for “Chi meditation music” (or try “Qi meditation music”), and you should find suitable music.\n4. Find a comfortable, seated position. If you can, sit cross-legged on the floor. If this is not possible for you, sit upright in a chair with your feet planted flat on the floor.\n5. Rest your hands lightly on your lap. Your hands should rest with your palms facing upwards either on each leg or with your left hand cradling your right hand just below your navel. If you choose the latter, have your thumbs gently touching each other.\n6. Keep your spine straight. This can be challenging at first, but try not to slouch. Instead, practice sitting with your spine straight. While you should try to keep your spine straight, you should not feel tense. Thus, try to keep a straight, but relaxed position.\n7. Relax your gaze. You can choose to gently close your eyes, or keep your eyes open. Either way, begin by resting your gaze in front of you, not focusing too hard on anything in particular.\n8. Become aware of your physical and emotional feelings. Notice the way your body feels as it rests on the floor or chair, and take note of the thoughts and emotions you are feeling at this moment.\n9. Become aware of your breathing. Notice your breathe. Notice the way it feels as you inhale in through the nose (e.g. Is the air cold? Is one nostril more open than the other?) and then notice how it feels as you exhale (e.g. Is the air warmer? Does the air come out slowly or forcefully?). As you breathe in, imagine that you are breathing in good energy. As you breathe out, imagine that you are breathing out toxins and bad energy.\n10. Practice meditation every single day. With meditation it is best to practice every day if at all possible. This may mean that you have to reduce the time that you meditate, which is OK. It is better to meditate for 10 minutes each day than for 30 or 40 minutes only once per week.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to cite a website?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Mla\n\n1. Start your Works Cited entry with the author's name, if provided. If an individual author is listed for the web page you want to cite, type their last name first, followed by a comma, then their first name. Place a period at the end of the name. Example: Claymore, Crystal. If no individual author is listed, but the website is produced by a government agency, organization, or business, use that name as the author. For example, if you're using a CDC web page as a source, you would list the author as \"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. \"Tip: For your entire Works Cited entry, if an element doesn't exist or isn't provided, simply skip that part of the citation and move on to the next part.\n2. Provide the title of the page in double quotation marks. If the specific web page has a title, type it after the author's name. Use title case, capitalizing the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adverbs, adjectives, and verbs. Enclose the title in double quotation marks, placing a period at the end of the title, inside the closing quotation marks. Example: Claymore, Crystal. \"Best-Kept Secrets for Amazing Cupcake Frosting.\"\n3. Give the name of the website in italics followed by the date of publication. Type the name of the website as a whole in title case, followed by a comma. Use the capitalization and spacing schemes the website uses if they are proprietary (such as \"wikiHow\" or \"WebMD\") If there is a publication date for the web page, list it in day-month-year format, abbreviating all months with names longer than 4 letters. Place a comma after the date of publication. Example: Claymore, Crystal. \"Best-Kept Secrets for Amazing Cupcake Frosting.\" Crystal's Cupcakes, 24 Sept. 2018,\n4. Include the URL for the web page. Copy the URL for the web page and paste it into your entry, leaving off the \"http://\" part. Place a period at the end of the URL. Make sure the URL you use is a permalink for the information you're citing. If the URL is excessively long, talk to your instructor or supervisor about using a shortened URL. Example: Claymore, Crystal. \"Best-Kept Secrets for Amazing Cupcake Frosting.\" Crystal's Cupcakes, 24 Sept. 2018, www.crystalscupcakes.com/amazing-frosting.\n5. Close with your date of access if there was no date of publication. Often, a web page won't have a particular publication date. If that happens for a page you want to cite, add the word \"Accessed\" after the URL and include the date you last accessed the page in day-month-year format. Abbreviate all months with names that have more than 4 letters. Place a period at the end of the date. Example: Claymore, Crystal. \"Best-Kept Secrets for Amazing Cupcake Frosting.\" Crystal's Cupcakes, www.crystalscupcakes.com/amazing-frosting. Accessed 14 Feb. 2019. MLA Works Cited Format:\n\t* Author Last Name, First Name. \"Title of Web Page in Title Case.\" Name of Website, Day Month Year of publication, URL. Accessed Day Month Year.\n6. Place a parenthetical citation after referencing the website in your text. An MLA parenthetical citation typically includes the author's last name and the page number where the quoted or paraphrased information can be found. Since websites don't have page numbers, simply include the author's last name in the parenthetical, or the title of the web page if there is no author. Place your parenthetical inside the closing punctuation for the sentence. For example, you might write: \"The best cupcake frosting techniques are often the least intuitive (Claymore).\" If you include the author's name in your text, there's no need for a parenthetical citation. For example, you might write: \"Award-winning baker Crystal Claymore wasn't afraid to give away all her secrets, sharing her favorite frosting techniques on her website.\"\n\n\n## Apa\n\n1. Start your reference list entry with the name of the author. If an individual author is listed, type their last name first, followed by a comma, then their first and middle initials (if a middle initial is given. Usually, the author of a website will be the government agency, organization, or business that owns the website. In that case, list the name of that entity followed by a period. Example: Canadian Cancer Society.\n2. Add the year the website or page was published. If a publication date is provided next to the content you are citing, include that year in parentheses after the name of the author. Place a period after the closing parentheses. If no date is provided for the specific content you're citing, use the abbreviation \"n.d.\" (for \"no date\") inside the parentheses. Do not use the copyright date for the website itself. Example: Canadian Cancer Society. (2017). If you're citing several pages from the same website that were published in the same year, add a lower-case letter to the end of the year so you can differentiate them in your in-text citations. For example, you might have \"2017a\" and \"2017b.\"\n3. Type the title of the web page in sentence case. Type a space after the period that follows the date, then type the title of the web page, which will usually appear as a header at the top of the page. Use sentence case, capitalizing only the first word and any proper nouns. Place a period at the end of the title. Example: Canadian Cancer Society. (2017). Cancer research. If the content you're citing is a stand-alone document, the title should be italicized. This will usually be the case if you're citing a PDF document that appears on a website. If you're not sure, use your best judgment in deciding whether to italicize it or not.\n4. Close with the direct URL of the web page. Copy the full direct URL or permalink of the content you want to cite. Type the words \"Retrieved from,\" then past the URL into your entry. Do not place a period at the end of the URL. If the URL is overly long, ask your instructor or supervisor if you can use a shortened link. Example: Canadian Cancer Society. (2017). Cancer research. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-101/cancer-research/?region=on\n\t* APA Reference List Format:\n\t* Author Last Name, A. A. (Year). Title of web page in sentence case. Retrieved from URL\n5. Use the author's name and year for in-text parenthetical citations. APA uses author-year parenthetical at the end of any sentence in which you quote or paraphrase information from the website. The parenthetical citation goes inside the closing punctuation for the sentence. For example, you might write: \"Clinical trials are used to test new cancer treatments (Canadian Cancer Society, 2017).\" If you include the author's name in your text, place the year in parentheses immediately after the author's name. For example, you might write: \"The Canadian Cancer Society (2017) noted that Canada is a global leader in clinical trials of cancer treatments.\"\n\n\n## Chicago\n\n1. Start your bibliographic entry with the name of the author. If the web page has an individual author listed, type that author's last name first, followed by a comma, then their first name. If there is no individual author, use the name of the organization, company, or government agency that published the content as the author. Place a period at the end of the author's name. Example: UN Women.\n2. List the title of the web page in double quotation marks. After the name of the article, provide the title of the specific web page. Use title case, capitalizing the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs. Place a period at the end of the title, inside the closing quotation marks. Example: UN Women. \"Commission on the Status of Women.\"\n3. Add the name of the website or publishing organization in italics. If the website has a distinct name, include this after the title of the webpage. If it doesn't, use the name of the business, organization, or government agency that produces the website. Place a period at the end of the name. Example: UN Women. \"Commission on the Status of Women.\" UN Women.\n4. Provide the publication date or access date. If the content you're citing has a specific publication date associated with it, provide that date in month-day-year format. If no publication date is listed, type the word \"Accessed\" followed by the date you accessed the content in month-day-year format. Spell out the names of all months. Example: UN Women. \"Commission on the Status of Women.\" UN Women. Accessed February 14, 2019.\n5. Close your entry with a direct URL to the web page. Copy the full URL for the permalink of the web page and paste it into your bibliographic entry. Place a period at the end of the URL. If the URL is overly lengthy, talk to your instructor, editor, or supervisor about using a shortened link. Example: UN Women. \"Commission on the Status of Women.\" UN Women. Accessed February 14, 2019. http://www.unwomen.org/en/csw. Chicago Bibliography Format:\n\t* Author Last Name, First Name. \"Title of Web Page in Title Case.\" Name of Website or Publishing Organization. Accessed Month Day, Year. URL.\n6. Use commas instead of periods between elements in footnotes. A Chicago-style footnote generally includes all of the same information as the bibliographic entry. However, the footnote is treated as a sentence, with elements separated by commas. If there was an individual author listed, their name should be listed with their first name first, followed by their last name, just as you would do it if you wrote it in text. Example: UN Women, \"Commission on the Status of Women,\" UN Women, accessed February 14, 2019, http://www.unwomen.org/en/csw.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to help first graders with spelling words?", + "input": "", + "output": "Helping a first grader learn to spell can be both challenging and rewarding. Whether you're a teacher, a parent, a grandparent or a volunteer, there are ways to help a child with spelling words. The best strategies to encourage a young speller are based in knowing more about a child's spelling ability, and the early stages of writing.\n\n## Teach spell strategies\n\n1. Assess students' spelling knowledge. The best teaching practice starts with learning what the student already knows. Take a moment to check the students' knowledge of spelling by asking them to spell a list of common first grade words. Assessment allows you to start teaching at the area of your students' competence. Words found at the first grade level are short, 1-4 letters long. They are 1 syllable words. Examples of first grade words are: a, to, at, boy, bad, dip, cat, nest, sand, play. Assessment continues by analyzing students' independent writing. Provide opportunities for your students to write, whether in art projects or academic activities. Continue assessing throughout the school year. Ongoing assessment is vital for effective teaching practice.\n2. Teach in small groups. Most teachers are aware of the disparity between their students' abilities and know that small group instruction is preferred when possible. In helping first graders with spelling, it's essential to teach in small groups. Group assignments should be based on what you've discovered through your spelling assessments, so that students of similar spelling abilities can be taught at the same time. Be aware that some students' reading and their spelling abilities may be quite different. Don't base spelling assessments on students' ability to read. Have other students engage in word-related activities at their seats, or participate in literacy activities in the classroom's centers, will help you manage the other students while working with small groups. Having an assistant or a classroom volunteer can be helpful to managing the small groups of students.\n3. Prioritize spelling instruction. You'll need to find the time to assess and teach spelling to your first graders. This can be difficult to manage, because it requires individualization to the child's learning ability. Plan ahead to include spelling instruction every day, multiple times per day. Consider creating inclusion of spelling words in different areas of study. Invest a little time every day in independent word work and individual or small group instruction.\n4. Teach word knowledge, not just spelling. Teaching sight words, words that the student is likely to encounter often, helps the first grader with spelling. Post familiar words around the classroom. Teach students to consider why the word is spelled as it is. Teach the rules behind the spelling. For example, teach the reason for the silent e, and how it affects the sound of the word. Adding an e to a simple 3-letter word usually makes the vowel long, rather than short. Teach sight words that don't usually fit the standard first-grade curriculum, if you find the students' using these words frequently. Post these words around your classroom, and refer to them when they naturally arise in other teaching. These sight words might include: because, are, again, said, friend, were.\n5. Demonstrate usefulness of spelling. Students will be more motivated to learn to spell if they understand its importance. A first-grader must be taught the connection between reading words and proper spelling. By teaching students to recognize the power spelling has over understanding, you'll help them transfer their spelling knowledge into other activities of their life. Group activities can have multiple fill-in-the-blank opportunities. Mad Libs is a great activity for teaching spelling. Teacher scaffolding can help support beginning learners. Reminding the student what she already knows, strategies she might try to complete a spelling word, and providing hints and encouragement all support a first grader with spelling.\n6. Integrate strategies for independent spelling. When you're helping your first graders, say each word you want them to spell slowly. Teach your first graders to listen for the sounds they hear (initial sound, middle sound, final sound). Help them identify any part they might know, e.g., br in brought. Encourage students to notice how words come together to make a larger word. For example, putting fun and silly together to make funny. Students might enjoy clapping the syllables, then writing letters for each syllable. Help the students identify different spellings of rhyming words, such as space and place, or here and there. Students need lots of opportunities to try the correct spelling to see if it looks right. Provide resources around the classroom - dictionaries, calendars, charts, word walls, etc.\n7. Encourage all writing, regardless of spelling. Writing and spelling are two different academic areas. Having students write, without worrying about their spelling, will help them become more confident writers and spellers. Provide opportunities for students to write about things that are important to them: football games, video games, school outings, or pets are popular topics. These learning opportunities are found throughout the students' day. Make games out of writing about new topics.\n8. Expose students to written words. The more a child is exposed to written words, the more likely he is to internalize the spelling of the word. If you're working on particular spelling words, point them out in books, magazines and online. Highlight with a marker to emphasize that the word he's learning is also found in the \"real world\" if possible. Students may enjoy \"proofreading\" for spelling mistakes. First graders may appreciate reading the same stories over and over again. If this is the case, take advantage of this repetition to highlight different words found within the same story.\n\n\n## Recognize the early stag of write\n\n1. Know the signs of the pre-communicative writing stage. A first grade child may be still at the pre-communicative stage of writing, which means that he only has a rough idea of the alphabet. Your first grader may recognize different letters of the alphabet, but be unaware of words as a visual construct. Spaces between words may not be noticed. For children in this stage, continue to teach alphabet shapes and expose the child to written words through reading aloud with him. Never attempt to correct the spelling of a child at this stage of writing.\n2. Learn about the semiphonetic stage of writing. By first grade, some children will be at the semiphonetic stage of reading. A this stage, the child is making a connection between the sound of the word and the sound of a letter or two within the word. He may dramatically abbreviate the word, such as using T or D for dog. The word that the child may attempt to spell first may be his name, or the M for Mom or D for Dad. Children's ability to segment, or separate, the distinct sounds of a word may be still emerging. Encourage a child to write often, no matter how difficult the word may be to read. Don't worry about spelling at this stage, but provide help if the child is open.\n3. Know about the phonetic spelling stage. This is a common stage for first graders, a stage of spelling that assumes basic knowledge of the alphabet and understand that words and sounds are connected. A speller at this stage may use \"invented\" spelling patterns based on the sound of the word.Children at this level will be more interested in learning correct spelling. Provide models of correctly spelled words, and start to encourage them to think about how to spell words for themselves. This is a wonderful stage to start to help a child with spelling. Examples of invented spellings might be kam for came, wel for will, fes for fish, etc. Another thing you might notice is that the child starts to recognize beginning patterns in words, noticing rhymes and similar sounds.\n4. Learn more about the transitional spelling stage. A few first graders might already be at the transitional stage of spelling. At this stage, the student will have emerging reading skills and recognize many words. They begin to understand that sounds are represented by letter combinations, and that words can be made plural or altered in other ways by suffixes and prefixes. Being patient with mistakes at this stage is essential. The words might actually be more difficult to understand than with a phonetic speller, but the child's spelling mistakes are based in an inadequate understanding of spelling patterns. Continue to teach the patterns that make for good spelling. Teach the child how to laugh at spelling inconsistencies as are so often found in the English language. Reminders of appropriate spelling can also be taught at this stage, such as \"I before E, except after C, unless it's an A as in neighbor or weigh.\"\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to download applications to your ipod touch?", + "input": "", + "output": "Have you ever seen someone else's iPod that had a lot of icons on their homepage? By reading this article you can figure out how to get applications on your very own iPod touch.\n\n## From your ipod touch\n\n1. Make sure you're connected to the Internet. To do this go to Settings > Wi-Fi > and select your network. If the network is password-protected enter your password at the prompt. If you don't have a network or there isn't an unprotected one nearby, you can buy an inexpensive Wi-Fi router to hook up to your modem.\n2. Launch the App Store. Look for the light blue icon with a white A in it, or search for \"App Store\" in the search bar that appears when you swipe to the right.\n3. Search for the app you want to download, or browse the featured apps or categories.\n4. Click on an app that looks interesting. You will be able to read more about the app, view screenshots, and read ratings.\n5. If you would like to download the app, tap the blue button with the small plus sign in the top corner. It will either say the price or say \"Free.\"\n6. The button will turn green and read \"Install App\". Tap it again.\n7. Enter your password. You will be prompted for your password whether or not the app is free.\n8. Wait for your app to download. This may take some time. An icon should appear\n\n\n## From your computer\n\n1. Open iTunes.\n2. Click on iTunes Store in the right sidebar, under Store.\n3. Search for the app you are interested in, or click Apps on the upper bar to browse popular apps.\n4. Tap the Free App or Buy Now button under the icon.\n5. Enter your password when prompted and wait for the app to download.\n6. Plug in your iPod Touch. It should appear under \"Devices\" in the right sidebar. It will start syncing automatically. If it doesn't, go to File --> Devices --> Sync iPod\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to be cool in college?", + "input": "", + "output": "Congratulations, you’re in college! If you feel anxious at all about college life, know that you are not alone. To gain instant respect from your fellow classmates and friends, remember to always be yourself. Being friendly and acting confidently are also ways you can earn some cool points among your friends and classmates.\n\n## Reinvent yourself in college\n\n1. List the things you want to change about yourself. Grab a sheet of paper and draw a line down the middle. List the things that you would like to change about yourself in the left column. In the right column write down why you would like to change these things. If after asking why you see that making these changes leads to a better you, then change it. For example, wanting to be less critical of others, or more focused in class are positive changes.\n2. Try something new. College is all about exploring new things and ideas, so be adventurous. When you get the invite to go eat at an exotic restaurant, take it. Studying abroad for one year is another great way to expand your horizons. Try changing your hair color, or style your hair differently. You could also learn a new language, or take a class outside of your major.\n3. Remember to be yourself. It is possible to re-invent yourself without changing your true self. Don't throw out your morals and values just to be considered cool. If the change takes too much effort or requires you to be someone else, then it probably isn't a good change. Stick to changes that produce positive results. If you want to be more outgoing, then be more outgoing on your own terms. Don't start drinking or smoking just to be more outgoing, for example.\n\n\n## Boost your confidence\n\n1. Make a list of your strengths. Also make a list of the things that you like about yourself. Tape the list to your bedroom wall or bathroom mirror. Every morning, read the list to remind yourself of how great you are.\n2. Reverse negative thoughts. If you find yourself thinking that you aren't good enough for college or that no one will want to be friends with you, then reverse these thoughts. Instead, tell yourself, \"I am good enough for college,\" or \"Many people would love to be friends with me because I am a great friend.\"\n3. Do the things that make you feel confident. If wearing makeup helps you feel more confident, then wear makeup. If smiling and greeting your classmates makes you feel more confident, then greet them. If joining a club or volunteering helps you feel more confident, then join a club or volunteer. By doing the things that help you feel more confident, you will be more confident.\n4. Realize that you are not alone. New people and places can make you feel alone and unsure at times. However, understand that you aren't the only one who feels this way. Try to reach out and befriend other classmates, or call your high school friends if you need someone to talk to. If you cannot seem to shake your loneliness, make an appointment with a counselor on campus. A counselor can help you work through hard times.\n\n\n## Be social\n\n1. Portray a friendly attitude. Smile and say hi to your classmates sitting next you. Strike up a conversation by asking them what their major is or what they think about the class. Offering help, like showing someone where the admissions office is, is also a great way to become known as a friendly, down-to-earth person in college. You could also offer to trade notes with someone, or help someone study for a big test.\n2. Be accepting those who are different from you. A typical college has at least 20,000 students, (smaller colleges and community colleges might have anywhere from 2,000-10,000 students) so you are bound to run into someone whose background is completely different from yours. Instead of shying away from them, be curious about who they are. Invite them to lunch or a party to get to know them better.\n3. Attend a football game (or any other sporting event). Tailgating with friends and attending a football game (or any other sporting event) afterward is a college pastime you won’t want to pass up. Go to as many of these as you can, especially if you enjoy them. It is a great way to connect with new people and cultivate friendships. Ask a classmate if they would like to go to a game, or make plans with your roommate to attend a game.\n4. Join a club on campus. If football games or Greek life isn’t your thing, try looking into different clubs on campus. Like sororities and fraternities, they typically host events in the beginning of the year to recruit new members. Attend some of these and join your favorite ones. There are so many clubs in college, the hardest part will be picking one. You can also start a club as well.\n5. Host a party. Hosting a party will definitely shoot you up to the top of the cool list. Have a potluck, plan an outdoor party at a nearby park, or reserve a party room at your college’s game center. Invite your friends, roommates, and acquaintances from class. You could also have a small party in your dorm room, if it is allowed. To ensure your party’s success, make sure to provide some snacks and beverages, cool tunes, and games.\n\n\n## Dress for college\n\n1. Put yourself together before class. Before going to class, make sure to brush your teeth and comb your hair. Also shower if you need to. By taking the time to groom yourself before class, you can give your classmates and professors a good impression of yourself.\n2. Choose sneakers over heels. Going from class to class requires a lot of walking. By wearing sneakers, you can ensure that your feet will be as comfortable as possible. . Some classes will require you to wear certain footwear for practical or safety reasons, especially if you are in some hands-on classes or a PE class. Your instructor/professor will inform you in the syllabus.\n3. Carry a jacket with you. Unlike high school, colleges usually don't have locker areas so you will be wearing or carrying a jacket during the winter season in colder climates. Classroom temperatures typically run very cold to sometimes very hot. Since it is hard to concentrate in class if you are cold, make sure to bring a jacket or a sweater with you. This way you can ensure that you will be comfortable and attentive in class.. People will be paying more attention to your outerwear as part of your look in college than in high school; so, make sure the outerwear you choose matches your preferred look.\n4. Dress with style. Arrive to class in an outfit that makes you feel comfortable, but also one that sends a message of sophistication and style. If casual athletic gear is your style, then wear that. If a cute dress or skirt makes you feel confident, then wear it.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to identify different types of forklifts?", + "input": "", + "output": "Whether you're new to forklifts, or an experienced operator, it is always important to know as much as you can about forklifts and their operation. It is equally important to be able to identify different forklifts, both by look and name. This is especially important when searching for forklift operating jobs, as it will allow you to know which type of forklift you will be operating and if you have the experience to do so.\n\n## Identify basic \"forklifts\" and jack\n\n1. Know what manual pallet jacks are. Although not usually considered a forklift, pallet jacks are some of the most common manual forms of pallet handling that people will come across in logistics industries. Manual pallet jacks are usually very simple in design; the handle lever is squeezed to lower the pallet jack forks for insertion into a pallet, and the handle lever is moved in the opposite direction to engage the hydraulics that allows the pallet to be raised by pumping the handle.\n2. Familiarize yourself with motorized pallet jacks. Motorized pallet jacks, on the other hand, are much more varied than manual pallet jacks. They are almost always powered by electric batteries. Some are walk-behind, some are ride-on, and some even require the operator to take a side stance to ride on/operate, which is considerably more difficult to learn. Motorized pallet jacks usually have extended pallet forks that are used to handle two pallets at a time for greater efficiency in large warehouse operations, such as order picking. However, single pallet handlers are more common in smaller warehouses, for greater maneuverability and ease of use.\n3. Learn to recognize walkie stackers. Walkie stackers, also known as pedestrian forklifts, are still usually not considered a true forklift. However, they very closely resemble a forklift with forks, a mast, backrest, etc. They are almost always operated with a walk-behind pedestrian operator. They are frequently used in retail, very small storerooms, small scale warehousing, etc.\n\n\n## Identify counterbalance forklifts\n\n1. Know what standard counterbalance forklifts are. Being the most iconic, recognized, and popular type of forklift, a standard counterbalance forklift is a forklift where the driver sits facing the forks, and the counterweight is everything behind the front wheels of the forklift.\n2. Consider how different standard counterbalance forklifts are powered. These forklifts can be powered by anything, from batteries, petrol (gasoline), diesel, LPG/propane gas bottles, and other forms of fuel, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. For example, internal combustion forklifts (petrol, LPG, diesel, etc) are generally faster and have greater lifting capacities than electric/battery-powered forklifts. However, for health and safety reasons, combustion forklifts cannot be used in confined spaces (e.g. shipping containers, small warehouses, etc) due to the exhaust gasses produced when in operation.\n3. Be familiar with how many wheels standard counterbalance forklifts have. They can be either 4-wheeled or 3-wheeled; two wheels at the front and one at the back allows for greater maneuverability, at the expense of stability. This is why 4-wheeled forklifts are usually more common, as they generally still have more than enough maneuverability for most applications in small spaces.\n\n\n## Identify warehouse forklifts\n\n1. Get to know reach forklifts. Designed for usage for indoors and on flat surfaces, reach forklifts (also known as high-reach forklifts) are named for their ability to reach high racking. (up to 12 metres (39ft) or more!!!) Depending on the forklift manufacturer, the reaching mechanism may be a moving mast type, or a moving forks and carriage type. Reach forklifts generally have lifting capacities of 1 ton to 2.5 tons. Lifting capacities above 2.5 ton are generally very rare due to many factors such as narrow aisle space and keeping the forklift compact (a stronger forklift must be larger and therefore unable to operate in narrow aisles) and also generally due to most loads in warehousing to be put in aisle racking usually just do not weigh more than 1- 2 tons. Reach forklifts drive differently, compared to counterbalance forklifts because the operator sits (or stands, depending on the model) sideways on the forklift. Reach forklifts are designed for narrow warehouse aisle use; the operator is able to look forward or backward without the neck strain of having to turn around. This sideways operator position, alongside with reversed steering controls, makes reach forklifts considerably challenging for a new operator to learn.\n2. Know what double deep reach forklifts are. Double deep reach forklifts are very similar to reach forklifts. However, as the name suggests, they are able to retrieve/put away pallets that are stored in double deep racking, which are pallets that are stored one in front of each other in specially designed racks.\n3. Familiarize yourself with order picker forklifts. Although an order picker forklift is considered a type of forklift, it is not used for regular forklift operations. Order picker forklifts require the operator to wear a harness and stand while operating, as they are used for lifting pallets alongside with the operator up into the air. The operator then typically picks up individual units of a product to manually stack on a pallet to \"pick\" an warehouse order; this is opposed to regular order picking, where workers can only pick products from ground level. An order picker forklift can allow operators to pick products quickly and efficiently at any level in the air.\n4. Recognize the disadvantages of picker forklifts. The only main disadvantage of them is that they must be operated on flat ground, and they cannot be operated on slopes or uneven ground; they are top heavy, and this increases the risk of tip overs.\n\n\n## Identify big forklifts\n\n1. Know what a heavy duty forklift is. A heavy duty forklift is an umbrella term used to describe a counterbalance forklift with a high lifting capacity. Most standard counterbalance forklifts in warehouses and manufacturing plants will only have a lifting capacity of 1-3 tons, whereas heavy duty forklifts have a lifting capacity of 5 - 50+ tons!\n2. Understand how heavy duty forklifts operate. All heavy duty forklifts will require significant space to be able to maneuver around. The higher the lifting capacity the forklift has, the larger the rear end (counterweight) of the forklift will need to be. The vast majority of heavy duty forklifts will be powered by diesel fuel, though some lower end heavy duty forklifts (with lifting capacities up to 8-10 tons) may still be powered by LPG/propane gas bottles or petrol fuel.While It is generally very uncommon to encounter battery powered heavy duty forklifts, a few forklift companies have recently started to offer them up to the 20 ton range.\n3. Learn about container handling forklifts. Container handling forklifts generally come in two types: Laden and Unladen (i.e. for handling full or empty containers, respectively). Laden container handling forklifts are usually capable of stacking full shipping containers 4-5 high, with lifting capacities ranging from 35-50 tons. Unladen container handling forklifts are able to stack as high as 8 or 9 shipping containers high, but with a lifting capacity of only 7-10 tons (empty shipping containers generally only weigh 3-5 tons). For these reasons, an unladen container handling forklift cannot be used for handling laden shipping containers, as it will be extremely overloaded. (full shipping containers can weigh anywhere from 10-30 tons).\n4. Learn about reach stackers. Reach stackers are technically not forklifts at all; as they do not have a mast or forks to lift loads, instead, they operate with a heavy duty boom that extends from the rear to the front of the reach stacker, and they lift shipping containers using a container handling attachment. Reach stackers often are highly sophisticated machines with on-board computers and other technologies. Their load capacity usually ranges from 40-50 tons. However, due to the extending boom feature, overloading is still possible.\n\n\n## Identify specialist forklifts\n\n1. Learn about Articulated VNA Forklifts. Pictured here, Articulated VNA (Very Narrow Aisle) Forklifts are generally known as \"Bendi\" or \"Flexi\" Forklifts. Articulated Forklifts are special types of forklifts which are articulated from the front end (wheels, mast, and forks and carriage) so that they are able to perform both duties of a counterbalance forklift (loading trucks) and a reach forklift (retrieve/put away stock in narrow aisles). Another variation of the articulated forklift is the \"Turret truck\" also known as the \"Man-up forklift\", named so, as much like an order picker forklift, turret truck forklifts lift the operator high up in the air along with the forks. Much like \"bendi\" articulated forklifts, turret trucks allow for maximized warehouse storage space by greatly reducing the aisle widths - however unlike bendi forklifts, turret trucks cannot be operated outside, on slopes or on uneven ground, similar as order picking forklifts.\n2. Identify an all terrain forklift. Generally similar in operation to standard counterbalance forklifts, the main difference is All terrain forklifts usually have large trodden tires, for use on all terrain ground, dirt, mud, grass, etc, where regular solid forklift tires would simply not operate on the ground - they would have no traction and get \"bogged\". All terrain forklifts are generally best identified by the large trodden tires and a similar appearance to a small tractor.\n3. Learn about side loaders. A side loader, or multi-directional forklift, is a specialist type of forklift used mainly for the moving of long shaped loads, such as timber, piping, etc. Its main feature is it is able to be driven in different directions; for example, it can be driven sideways after retrieving a long load from an aisle - which greatly eases the process of getting long loads in and out of racking storage - as opposed to turning a full 90 degrees with standard forklifts, a maneuvering problem exacerbated by long shaped loads.\n4. Learn about telehandler forklifts. Similar in design to reach stackers, telehandler forklifts are a specialist type of forklift common in the construction industry, the use of a boom with the forks and carriage on the end allows the handling of loads to places standard mast type forklifts cannot reach, for example on a rooftop, in the middle of a large trailer, etc. Again with the boom extension care needs to be taken as lifting capacity can be significantly reduced.\n5. Understand truck mounted forklifts. Truck mounted forklifts, also known as \"donkey forklifts\", are just as their name suggests. They are a small type of forklift that can be easily mounted on the back of a truck for transport, and easily taken off for use of loading or unloading the trucks on-site. These forklifts are generally built to be lightweight and very simple to operate, thus lifting capacities and lift heights are generally very low. Essentially they are used for lifting small loads on and off trucks, unless they are otherwise specially designed to perform other functions.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to read gel electrophoresis bands?", + "input": "", + "output": "## View your sample\n\n1. Hold a UV light up to the gel sheet to reveal results. With your gel sheet in front of you, find the switch on a tube of UV light to turn it on. Hold the UV light 8–16 inches (20–41 cm) away from the gel sheet. illuminate the DNA samples with the UV light to activate the gel and read the results. If the test was performed properly, your sheet should have 2-8 sets of vertical stripes in parallel rows.Warning: Wear gloves and protective eyewear when physically handling a gel sample. Touching the gel can interfere with your results and some of the gels are harmful if they get in your eyes. Place the gel sheet on a piece of wax paper if you’re removing it from the machine. The individual stripes indicate specific strands of DNA. The strips should have varying levels of thickness. If you’re reading results that have been printed on a sheet of paper, you can skip this step.\n2. Find the wells by looking for the biggest pools of color. To properly orient yourself, you need to find the original location of the samples, called the wells. With your sheet in front of you, look for the end of the sheet with a big pool of colored gel. The wells are the locations where the gel samples are loaded into the sheet and indicate the start of the sample.There should be one well for each of your samples. If one of the wells is lacking color, the sample may have been applied poorly. The wells indicate the negative end of the sheet. The opposite side of the sheet is the positive end. When each sample is applied to the sheet, the negatively-charged DNA travels across the sheet to the opposite side, leaving individual samples of DNA behind as it moves.\n3. Classify each strip by noting the origin of the samples. If you’ve been given a key, understand that each horizontal row depicts a unique set of DNA. Use your key to determine what each row represents. The number of samples can be determined by counting the number of rows. If you haven’t been given a key, you cannot determine the source of each sample. Electrophoresis only provides you with information about a DNA sample’s behavior, but it doesn’t reveal the source of a sample on its own.If you performed the test yourself, write down where each row’s sample is from while you’re applying the gel.\n4. Identify the DNA ladder to establish a scale for the DNA. Depending on whether or not a DNA ladder was included in the test, you may have one strip designed to provide you with a scale to make comparisons easier. This scale is called the DNA ladder. The DNA ladder will contain strips of DNA of known sizes to make it easier to figure out how big or small the other strips are.Actual DNA samples will have a lot of variation in the sequence of the strips. There may be a few thin strips, followed by 1–2 inches (2.5–5.1 cm) of empty space, followed by thick strips, and ending in more thin strips. The DNA ladder will make it easier to figure out how big the individual strips actually are by giving you something to compare them to. The DNA ladder is almost always placed in the last row at the top or bottom of your sheet.\n\n\n## Assess the size of the sample\n\n1. Identify thinner strips to find the faster DNA molecules. When each sample is applied, it starts moving to the positive end of the sheet on the right. The smaller the molecules are, the faster they move since they experience less resistance. A smaller and faster DNA sample leaves thinner strips behind as it moves. When looking at your results, determine which DNA samples are smaller and faster by looking for the thinnest strips.\n2. Find the thicker strips to find the slower DNA. Samples with larger molecules naturally move slower through the gel. As a result, you can find the bigger or slower molecules by looking for the biggest strips on your page. Looking at the frequency of the bigger and smaller strips as they appear in a single row you a good picture of the sample’s DNA fingerprint.The way individual strips are arranged in a sequence is unique to each genetic sample. The combination of thin and thick strips creates a specific picture of someone’s genetic makeup. DNA isn’t stronger or better if it leaves thicker bands behind. These strips are simply identifying markers that you can use to compare a variety of samples.\n3. Use the DNA ladder to determine the size of each strip. The DNA ladder is used to give you a scale to compare the individual strips to. The size of the strips in a DNA ladder depend upon the type of ladder that was used for the test, but it will typically be either 10-100 bp (base pairs), or 500-1000 bp. The thickest strip is the highest size in a spectrum and the smallest size is the lowest. So for a 10-100 bp ladder, the thickest strip is 100 bp, and the thinnest strip is 10 bp.Tip: The range of a DNA ladder is printed on the bottle that the ladder came in. It may also be listed on the key if you were given one. There is no way to determine the range of a ladder based on the strip alone, since different gels will allow samples to travel at different speeds. 1000 bp is the same as 1 kb. Kb is short for kilobase, and the ladder may use this unit instead of bp. The smaller the scale is, the more accurate the comparisons will be. Base pairs and kilobases are simply units of measurement. They refer to the physical size of a DNA molecule.\n\n\n## Make conclusions\n\n1. Look for strips that appear at the same point on the sheet to find similarities. When looking at the sheet holistically, look for points where 2 or more strips appear in identical locations on different rows. This is an indicator that the DNA samples are somehow related. If there are 2 or more rows without any overlap in the sequence, they are entirely unrelated. The more related 2 samples are, the more overlap there will be in their sequences.In other words, if you’re looking at the sheet with the wells on the left, you’re looking for vertical columns where 2 strips appear at the same time. For example, a mother and her child will have half of their strips overlapping. A child and their second cousins though may only have 2-3 strips that overlap.\n2. Identify identical samples by finding strips with the same configuration. If 2 or more samples have a nearly identical sequence of strips, they’re the same DNA. This doesn’t necessarily mean that the source of the sample is the same—identical twins, for example, will have the same DNA sequence on an electrophoresis sheet. Identical strips are usually required to reasonably tie a suspect to a crime scene.Tip: Electrophoresis is often used by forensics teams to rule out suspects in criminal cases. It is also used to test maternity or paternity.\n3. Understand the limitations of electrophoresis testing. Electrophoresis testing is helpful when it comes to comparing DNA samples, but it can be hard to make definitive conclusions sometimes. The scale can only get so magnified, and smearing can make bands hard to interpret. In some instances, you won’t be able to conclusively say that 2 samples are related.More than 2 overlapping bands indicates a strong similarity between 2 samples. When assessing results, scientists will often say that there is a “high probability” that 2 samples are related if less than half of the bands in 2 samples overlap.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to lessen the pressure of life?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Reduce the pressure of life\n\n1. Start a stress journal to identify and reflect on the sources of pressure in your life. Are you experiencing financial pressure? Are you experiencing stresses at a new job or as a result of a job loss? A stress journal can help you identify the most significant sources of stress in your life and how you cope with them. This self knowledge will help you tackle the biggest stressors in your life. You can also reflect on the specific situations within which you experience higher stress levels. Do you experience more stress at particular times of the week or in particular spaces (e.g., a conference room) at work? Are there ways of avoiding such situations entirely, or responding more effectively to them? Reflect on these kinds of questions and work towards insights on how to manage stress through journaling. Create a list of everything you are grateful for in your life. Recognizing the good things in your life can help reduce stress and anxiety.\n2. Take a stress assessment test. There may be stressors that are so normal in your life that you don't even realize they're stressing you out. A stress assessment test can help you identify these hidden stressors. There are many online tests that you can do. You can take a free stress assessment test online at https://www.stress.org/self-assessment/.\n3. Make a plan to tackle the sources of pressure in your life. Utilizing the information from your stress journal, you may decide that you need a revised financial plan, a personal health plan or a work plan. The most important thing is to tackle the sources of pressure through a purposeful and detailed plan of action. Talk to your supervisor to create a plan of action to reduce the stressors you experience at work. Make a financial plan with specific targets, including not only long term savings or retirement goals but also near term goals that are concrete and achievable. Build up your emergency or rainy day fund. Make a fitness plan to improve your health.\n4. Overcome perfectionism. A huge source of pressure in life can be the desire to be perfect at everything. Have you ever been told that you have unrealistic standards at work? Do you ever feel you will never be able to live up to your own standards? If you answered yes to these questions, you may have difficulty with perfectionism. If so, try to loosen up your standards of achievement a little bit. This should help reduce your anxiety levels. If you feel disappointed with yourself, try repeating statements like \"nobody is perfect\" or \"I did my best\"\n\t* Try to think about your situation from a different angle. Ask yourself, will this situation still matter next month? If I told my brother or friend about this situation, would they think it matters as much as I do? Gain some perspective on your situation and maybe it won't seem quite as dire as it does right now.\n5. Create work-life boundaries so that you have time for yourself. Living in a digital age with constant access to screens - computers, tablets, smart phones - can make it difficult to escape the pressures of work. The pressure to be always online and accessible to colleagues can take a toll on work-life balance. To manage this kind of stress, it is helpful to create boundaries for yourself such as telling your colleagues you will be away from the phone or the computer at certain times of the day or on the weekend. Tell your colleagues you will be away from email and phone connectivity during dinner hours.\n6. Avoid comparing yourself to other people. If you're constantly trying to be someone you're not, you will feel stressed or burdened. Don't judge yourself based on how you think other people are living their life.Remind yourself that you have talents, skills, qualities, and good characteristics that are unique to you. Evaluate your goals and successes based on you want out of life, not what others want for you. Try to reduce how much time you spend on social media. People often post the best parts of their life on social media, so it may seem as though their lives are more perfect than they actually are.\n7. Give yourself some time away from work. If you are feeling burned out, it might be time for a personal day or even a vacation. Taking a vacation can actually help your productivity, and has obvious health benefits. If you don't have time for a vacation at the moment, try to at least take the weekend off to catch up on sleep. If you have vacation time or time off from work, take advantage of it. Those days are there for you to use them. A vacation might make you more productive.\n8. Set up an automatic 'out of office' reply on your email account. By setting up an automatic reply on weekends or when you are on vacation, you will not feel guilty for ignoring work emails. Also, your colleagues will be more likely to respect your away time. Include details on the days and times you are away in your 'out of office' automatic email reply. Include a fun or wise quote in your automatic reply so that colleagues will be reminded of your personality or sense of humour. This may reduce the annoyance of getting an automatic reply.\n\n\n## Take care of yourself\n\n1. Start a regular exercise routine. Exercise has been shown to reduce stress, improve feelings of well being and self esteem. Engaging in physical exercise leads to the production of the neurotransmitter endorphin, which is associated with improved sense of well being or what some people call runner's high. You don't need to be an athlete to experience this improved mood, and just 15 minutes a day can make a big difference..\n\t* After your exercise routine, try using a heat wrap around your neck and shoulders for 10 minutes to reduce tension in your upper body.\n2. Practice meditation. Find a comfortable place to sit in a quiet room or in a park. Observe the movement of your breath as it comes into your body and then flows out. Let go of passing thoughts. You can also do a walking meditation by walking slowly, preferably in a natural area, while watching your breath. Meditating for a few minutes a day can help reduce stress and anxiety. Deep, diaphragmatic breathing can reduce the heart rate and lower anxiety. [Image:Lessen the Pressure of Life Step 8.jpg|center]]\n\t* Meditate alongside your yoga practice and in your everyday life. Mindfulness-based stress reduction such as meditation and yoga are helpful in reducing stress and anxiety, including amongst college students.\n3. Eat whole plant foods as part of a healthy diet. Whole plant foods such as whole grains (e.g., brown rice), vegetables, and fruits are negatively associated with depression and anxiety. On the other hand, processed food (e.g., canned food) has been positively associated with stress and anxiety. Drink a cup of herbal tea.\n4. Ditch your second cup of coffee. Caffeine can exacerbate stress levels, so it is good to lower your caffeine intake as part of an overall stress reduction plan. Keep in mind that you may experience withdrawal symptoms, especially if you are a heavy coffee drinker.\n5. Cut down on sugar. Stress can make you crave sugary foods, but try to resist temptation. Giving in to these urges will not actually make you feel any better. Too much sugar can cause your blood sugar to crash, which can cause more stress and cravings.Sugary foods include most desserts, baked goods, soft drinks, juices, and candy.\n6. Reduce your consumption of alcohol. Although many turn to alcohol to deal with the everyday pressures of life, alcohol consumption can actually compound the impact of stress on the body and mind. Alcohol can also make your financial anxieties worse.\n\n\n## Gain perspective on life\n\n1. Talk to your friends and family about the sources of stress in your life and about everything you are grateful for. Face to face conversations with friends and family are especially important in helping reduce the pressures of life. Plan a movie night with close friends and pick a comedy! Laughing lowers cortisol which is the body's stress hormone. Go to a concert with friends. Listening to music can help reduce stress. So why not make a night of it and decompress with friends and music you love.\n2. Use positive thinking and self-talk to ward off stress. For instance, if you are experiencing a lot of stress at work due to an impending deadline, remember to tell yourself, “I can overcome this hurdle”\n3. Avoid trying to control everything in your life. Sometimes, there are surprises in life. You can't always predict or control what will happen. Letting go of the need to control everything can help you become happier and more at peace with the world.\n4. Express yourself through art therapy. Tapping into your creative side can help you work through the anxiety of everyday life. Using art therapy techniques, preferably alongside an art therapist, you can use drawing, painting, or music to express your inner feelings in more nuanced ways than may be possible with words alone. You don't have to be an artist to enjoy the benefits of creative self expression, including in relation to stress reduction.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make creepy food?", + "input": "", + "output": "Want some Halloween food ideas? Well then look at this article.\n\n## Step\n\n1. Make Vampire punch. Your guests may be thirsty so here's the perfect drink: Vampire Blood Fruit Punch. All you have to do is buy/make some red fruit punch.\n2. Serve bone crunch sandwiches. Put some salad on some white bread and add tomatoes and more. You choose!\n3. Serve spider leg trail mix. Add some M&M's, Pretzel sticks, etc. in a bowl and there you go. Simple, easy and good.\n4. Make some monster toes. Make the mini hot dogs, and then carve out a toenail area on the hot dog. Then dab ketchup on the \"toenail\".\n5. Have some blind tasting. Serve the guests regular food, but tell gross stories, describing some disgusting objects with the same texture as the food.\n6. Serve uncut blood oranges in water with red food coloring!\n7. Make dirt- get a large bowl or clean flower pot and put some chocolate pudding in. Mix in crushed Oreos and gummy worms.\n\n\n## Make dirt cake\n\n1. Make Brownies. For best results, make them as gooey as possible.\n2. Find chocolate accessories. Pour chocolate syrup on the finished brownies, then sprinkle them with coco powder. You could also consider adding little bits of a chocolate bar.\n3. Add creepy crawlies. Put gummy worms and other gummy critters on top of and around the cake. Cover some of them with coco powder to make it look like they're coming out of the dirt.\n4. Add flesh and guts. Melt red starburst, jolly rancher chews, and tootsie rolls. Then, tear them into chunks and spread them around certain parts of the cake. To make them look even more real, you can add them to the creepy crawlies from the previous step.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to treat a hernia at home?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Reduce and manage pain\n\n1. Take over-the-counter pain meds to help relieve your discomfort. Aspirin and ibuprofen may work well to alleviate some pain and swelling. Follow the recommended dosage on the bottle and don’t exceed the daily limit. If you find your pain doesn’t get better or if you keep taking more and more medication, it may be time to call your doctor. If you take a blood thinner, always check with your doctor before using pain medication. They may want you to take something different so it doesn’t interfere with the blood thinner. Types of Hernias: Almost all hernias will eventually need to be treated through surgery, especially if they’re bulging or causing you a lot of pain. Some of the more common types of hernias include:\n\t* Inguinal hernia: This type of hernia is in the groin area; it most often affects men, though women can experience it, too. Femoral hernia: This hernia is located around the top of your inner thigh, caused by part of your intestines pushing through your groin. These are most common among older women. Hiatal hernia: This hernia appears on your abdomen as part of your stomach protrudes into your chest cavity. Umbilical hernia: This occurs when tissue pushes through your abdomen near your belly button. It can affect both infants and adults.\n2. Avoid heartburn-causing foods and large meals if you have a hiatal hernia. This is the one type of hernia that sometimes doesn’t need surgery, especially if its symptoms can be managed through diet and over-the-counter antacids. If your symptoms increase over time, though, surgery may become the best solution.Enjoy multiple small meals throughout the day instead of 3 larger ones. This will put less pressure on your stomach so you’re more comfortable all day long. Avoid caffeine, chocolate, garlic, tomatoes, and other fatty or fried foods that can cause heartburn. Don’t lay down after you eat for several hours.\n3. Relieve discomfort from an inguinal hernia with a truss. A truss is a supportive undergarment that helps keep your hernia in place—it’s a temporary solution to help relieve pain until you can have surgery. You can buy a truss online, but it’s best to visit your doctor so they can make sure it’s properly fitted. Most inguinal hernias do need surgery to be repaired, but if your hernia is really small and not causing you pain, your doctor may be okay with waiting and keeping an eye on it. Surgery may sound scary, but these procedures usually take less than an hour and should quickly help relieve your pain.\n4. Eat a fiber-rich diet to make bowel movements softer and easier to pass. Straining your muscles can aggravate your hernia, and constipation can make things worse. Add lots of fruits and vegetables to your daily diet, and consider taking a fiber supplement to help things move smoothly.Oatmeal, nuts, beans, popcorn, chia seeds, and whole grains are also great high-fiber food choices.\n5. Lose weight to take pressure off of your abdomen. This can be helpful for all types of hernias; the less weight you’re carrying around, the less strain your muscles will be under. Try modifying your diet by eating leaner proteins and more fruits and vegetables, and try adding in some gentle exercise every day to lose weight.Hernias can be really uncomfortable and it may be hard for you to imagine exercising. Try going for short 15-minute walks when you can, or go to the pool and slowly swim laps. Be gentle on yourself, though, so you don’t aggravate the hernia more.\n\n\n## Prevent further damage\n\n1. Avoid lifting bulky or heavy objects that may strain your muscles. Instead of bending over at the waist to pick up heavy items, bend your knees so you’re squatting. Bring the object close to you and then straighten your legs and stand up. Keep the heavy object at chest level and try not to twist and turn too much.For heavy items you can’t lift yourself, consider using a dolly. You wedge the bottom of the dolly under the item, then use your weight to pull on the dolly’s handle to lift the object. From there, you can wheel it wherever it needs to go.\n2. Relax while going to the bathroom so you don’t strain your groin area. This is a little counterintuitive, but try to not strain when you have a bowel movement. Take your time and don’t push too hard; instead, let your body slowly work things out—it may take longer than usual, but it’s gentler on your body and can prevent further damage.A high-fiber diet can help prevent hernias as well as manage discomfort if you already have one. Putting your feet up on a short stool may also make those muscles relax and help you go to the bathroom more easily. Add a hot cup of coffee to your morning routine. The heat and caffeine can help things get moving.\n3. Strengthen your abdominal muscles to prevent additional hernias. Weak muscles make it easier for your internal organs to break through your abdominal walls. The key to strengthening your core is to do so gently—too much pressure or exertion could actually cause a hernia, so start slow and stop any exercises that cause you pain. Try doing 3 sets of 10 mini crunches every day. Lay on your back with your knees bent and put your hands behind your head. Use your ab muscles to bring your shoulders up off the ground 3 to 4 inches (76 to 102 mm) before carefully lowering yourself back to the ground. Workout at the pool for low-resistance strength training. The support of the water will make it easier for you to exercise without having to strain your abdominals as much. Start slow if you’re new to swimming or doing water exercises, and enjoy your time in the water! Take a beginner’s yoga class to gently stretch and tone your core.\n4. Quit smoking to improve lung health and eliminate excessive coughing. There are lots of reasons to quit smoking, and doing so can also help prevent hernias. Chronic coughing strains your muscles in both your abdomen and groin, so start curbing your smoking habit or quit cold turkey. It can be extremely hard to stop smoking. If you’re having a hard time, talk to your doctor. They may be able to provide you with some kind of aid to help make the transition easier.\n\n\n## Seek medical care\n\n1. See your doctor for an official diagnosis before treating yourself. You will likely recognize the signs and symptoms of a hernia on your own, especially if it’s large. However, it’s easy to misdiagnose yourself, so see your doctor to make sure what you have is a hernia. Your doctor will make a proper diagnosis so you can be sure you’re getting the right treatment.Your doctor will do a physical examination to check for a hernia. They’ll look at the area and may press into it with their hands. In some cases, your doctor may do imaging tests to view the hernia.\n2. Talk with your child’s pediatrician if they develop an umbilical hernia. For infants and children under 5, always check with your pediatrician to see what they recommend. Many times, an infant’s hernia will close all on its own over time, but if it hasn’t gone away by the time your child is 5 years old, they may need a small procedure to have it fixed.Umbilical hernias are common with infants, and they usually don’t cause your child any pain or discomfort.\n3. Let your doctor know if you have a hernia while you’re pregnant. Because of the extra strain on your body, hernias are fairly common among pregnant women. If you suspect you have a hernia, talk to your doctor so they can check it out. Your doctor will most likely want to wait until after birth and recovery before treating the hernia if you need surgery, but you and your baby should be safe in the meantime.As much as you can, avoid heavy lifting and make sure to eat a high-fiber diet to prevent constipation.\n4. Visit your doctor as soon as possible if your hernia looks dark red or purple. This can be a sign that your hernia is strangulated. When this happens, your hernia is cutting off the blood flow to part of your intestine and requires medical treatment. Go to the doctor to make sure you’re okay because you may need emergency treatment.Try your best to not worry or panic—your doctor will be able to fix your hernia.\n5. Seek emergency care if you have pain, nausea, vomiting, or blocked bowels. Sometimes a hernia can block off part of your intestines. This means your bowel movements can get caught behind the hernia, causing pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloating. You will likely not be able to pass gas or have a bowel movement. See your doctor or go to the emergency room if this happens because you likely need medical treatment.This is a treatable condition, though it can be really scary at the moment. As soon as you suspect a problem, get medical attention so you can get back to normal as soon as possible.\n6. Have a surgical procedure done to correct your hernia and prevent future ones. These procedures are generally pretty quick and you should get to go home that same day. The surgeon will usually make a small incision near the hernia and push it back into place. From there, they will sew and reinforce the tear so that the hernia will be less likely to protrude again.Make sure to follow all recovery instructions after your surgery. You’ll need to take it easy and avoid heavy lifting for a while, and you’ll probably also have pain medication to take.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to help end homelessness?", + "input": "", + "output": "Homelessness can feel like a daunting problem, especially as the population grows and living costs continue to rise. Helping to end homelessness will ensure no one has to go without a permanent, stable place to live. Give back to homeless organizations and participate in events that focus on ending homelessness. Advocating for changes to policies and laws around homelessness and treating homeless people with respect can also help to address this important issue.\n\n## Support homeless organizations and group\n\n1. Volunteer your time to a local homeless shelter. Start small by volunteering weekly or monthly at a homeless shelter in your area. Sign up to volunteer to serve food to the homeless or to create care packages for the homeless. You may challenge yourself to volunteer for 2-4 hours a week or twice a month. Or you may devote time during the holidays to work at a homeless shelter. Enlist friends or family to volunteer with you at a homeless shelter.\n2. Donate your skills to a non-profit organization that focuses on homelessness. Search for non-profit groups and organizations that work on initiatives for ending homelessness in your area. Contact them and offer to help them in any way you can. Put skills you already have to good use by donating them to the organization. For example, if you have coding skills, you may offer to update the organization’s website. Or if you love talking to people, you may offer to work in a call center or go door to door to promote the non-profit organization.\n3. Give monetary donations to homeless groups and organizations. Donating money to homeless organizations can go a long way to helping with this issue. You may give a large sum once a year to a specific program for the homeless or to the organization as whole. Regular giving, where you give a small amount once weekly or once a month, can also help. Donate to a homeless organization as a gift for a friend or in memory of someone close to you. Make a holiday donation to the organization as a way to give back. Raise money for these organizations by setting up a fundraiser online for them or by asking others for donations.\n4. Go to fundraisers for homeless organizations. Show your support for ending homelessness by attending fundraisers and events that address the issue. Check your local community board for events to raise funds for a local homeless shelter or drop in center. Find out if there are fundraisers in your area that you can donate time or money to. Donate an item for a silent auction at an event for the homeless. Bid on items to help raise money for the issue. Invite friends and family to fundraisers to benefit the homeless so they can participate as well.\n5. Participate in food and clothing drives for the homeless. Donate clothing or food for the drive. Volunteer to collect food and clothing for the drive. Promote the food and clothing drive on social media to get others to donate. Warm coats, socks, scarves, and hats are all good options for a clothing drive. Non-perishable food like canned goods, crackers, and granola bars are ideal donations for a food drive. Most communities will run annual food and clothing drives, especially around Christmas time when the weather is cold and homeless people need more support. Check your community board or at your community center for information on upcoming food or clothing drives. Your school or your church may also run a food and clothing drive for the homeless.\n\n\n## Advocate for homeless policies and laws\n\n1. Write or call your government representative about ending homelessness. Many long term solutions for homelessness require changes to existing policies and laws. Contact your representative in government and ask them what they are doing to help end homelessness. Remind them that homelessness is an important issue that their constituents care about and want to address. Search online for contact information for your government representative. Calling them directly will be more effective than writing a letter. Messaging them publicly on social media can also be effective. For example, you may write to your mayor or you may contact your senator. You can also reach out to city council members to find out how they plan to address the issue. In your letter or call, advocate for more investment in affordable housing and social services to help prevent homelessness. Discuss the need for services that help homeless people find permanent homes and stay off the street. Note the need for counseling and rehabilitation centers for homeless people with addiction issues so they can get better and find employment.\n2. Support political candidates that care about ending homelessness. Put your right to vote to work by only supporting candidates who discuss ending homelessness in their platforms and during their campaigns. Promote them on social media and volunteer for their campaign. Cast your vote for them on election day. Tell friends and family about political candidates who discuss ending homelessness so they can stay informed and vote.\n3. Organize a march or protest that focuses on support for the homeless. Let others know about this important issue by organizing a march or a peaceful protest that focuses on ending homelessness. Invite friends, family members, and colleagues to the march. Promote the march or protest on social media so others can participate. Make signs that note the importance of ending homelessness and bring them to the march. Use a megaphone at the protest to give speeches about the issue. Have the march or protest in a public space, such as in front of a government building or in a public square.\n4. Work towards a career as a politician, lobbyist, or non-profit worker. Do well in your social studies and history classes in high school. Join a school debate team or public speaking club to get better at these skills. Take classes in political science, history, and conflict resolution in university. Get involved in local politics and non-profit organizations. Apply to positions as a lobbyist or a non-profit worker so you can work to actively end homelessness on a day to day basis. Run for local office with a platform that focuses on ending homelessness in your community.\n\n\n## Treat homeless people with respect\n\n1. Acknowledge the homeless person with a smile or nod. Rather than rushing by them without looking at them, make eye contact and smile or nod at them. Let them know that you see them and acknowledge them as a person. This is a small way for you to show empathy for them. Avoid yelling, shouting, or mocking the homeless person, as this will only make them feel more alienated and alone. Treat them like a friend or family member, showing care and respect for them.\n2. Try starting a conversation with the homeless person. Ask them how they are doing. Find out where they are from. Keep the conversation open and friendly. Maintain eye contact when you talk to them so they know you care. For example, you may say, “How are you today?” or “Where are you from originally?”\n\t* If the homeless person does not seem interested in answering your questions, don’t pressure them into answering. Let them decide if they want to engage with you on a deeper level.\n3. Offer to buy the homeless person a meal. If you have the time and funds, offer to grab the person a cup of coffee or a sandwich from somewhere nearby. Getting the person a warm meal may make their day and help them feel less down about their situation. The meal does not have to be elaborate or expensive. A cup of coffee or a small snack would likely be appreciated by the person.\n4. Give the homeless person a care package. Prepare a care package that contains important items like socks, warm gloves, toothpaste, lip balm, and non-perishable food like crackers or nuts. Give out the care packages to homeless people in your area so they have supplies that they need. Make it a habit to hand out care packages to homeless people once a month or regularly during the winter months.\n5. Decide to give the person money if you feel comfortable. Giving money to a homeless person is a personal preference and completely up to you. Handing change or a few bucks to a homeless person can be a demonstration of empathy and help them in a very direct way. You may decide to give the person a meal, rather than money. Or you may sometimes give the person money and offer them food other times.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to teach a child to use scissors?", + "input": "", + "output": "Most children around age 2 or 3 are ready to begin using scissors. It's important for children to know how to be safe with scissors. Once they're ready, using scissors can be an excellent way for the child to build fine motor skills and patience.\n\n## Prepare to teach\n\n1. Try fine motor skill activities to prepare the child for using scissors. Children need to build fine motor skills before they're ready to use scissors. Here are some activities that can help build the child's skills, and help you know if the child is ready:\n\t* Precision: Squeezing watercolor paint from an eyedropper onto paper, playing with finger puppets\n\t* \n\t* Bilateral coordination: Tearing up paper from the recycling bin\n\t* \n\t* Finger and hand strength: Spinning a top, punching holes with a hole punch, playing with squirt guns, using clothes pins\n2. Evaluate the child's ability to follow directions. The child should be able to follow instructions like \"stop\" or \"put it down, please.\" If a child isn't able to follow safety rules, then they shouldn't be given anything dangerous.\n3. Choose the right pair of scissors. Safety scissors are ideal for young children. Choose right-handed or left-handed scissors based on your child's dominant hand.\n4. Know that most kids are ready to use scissors around the age of 2 or 3. Many young children are able to use scissors.Talk to an occupational therapist if you think your child is struggling or has a disability that might delay their learning to use scissors. There are adaptive scissors for kids with disabilities, and special techniques to help kids who struggle with scissors. A delay isn't the end of the world. It just means things will happen a little differently.\n\n\n## Teach how to use scissor\n\n1. Let the child see you use a scissors. Show them how you do it, and let them watch. If they're curious, then you'll know they're most likely ready to learn.\n2. Start with the grip. Show the child in your hand how to hold the scissors, and then have them try to copy it. If they aren't able to alone, help move their fingers and thumb into the right position. Teach them that the thumb always goes in the hole. Draw an eyeball on the small thumb hole and explain that the eyeball will always be on top. Teach them that two fingers in the larger hole. Help them put their index finger and their middle finger in the hole.\n3. Have the child practice opening and closing the scissors. This practice will help the child build up the strength to control the scissors.\n4. Try having the child do their best to cut in a line or other shapes. Try drawing lines or shapes for the child to cut. After they do it, praise them. (Keep in mind that they may not be very precise yet; they're still young.)\n5. Find ways to make it fun. Let the child be creative. Try letting them cut colored paper, yarn, and other materials. Using scissors can be another way the child works on expressing themselves (all while building essential motor skills).\n6. Practice with the child how to turn the paper with one hand and cut with the other. This will prevent the child from turning the scissors up side down. Show the how to move the paper along with shuffling motions so that they maintain control of both the paper and the scissors.\n\n\n## Teach scissor safety\n\n1. Tell the child that scissors can hurt people if misused. It helps if kids don't just know what the rules are, but if they know why the rules are important. Explain that using scissors the wrong way can result in somebody getting hurt, and that's why the rules matter. Tell them that as long as they are following the rules, they don't have to worry.\n2. Explain that scissors are only for cutting paper. Fingers, hair, clothing, crayons, and other things are off-limits. If you decide to have the child practice with cutting Play Doh first, you can say that scissors are only for paper and Play Doh.If the child asks about why scissors are used for haircuts, explain \"Only adults can use scissors to cut hair, because they have more practice to make sure they don't mess up. Some adults go to a hair cutting school to learn how to do it right, and once they go there, they're allowed to cut hair.\"\n3. Explain that you need to walk carefully with scissors, if at all. Scissors can hurt people, so it's important to be careful. Some adults forbid walking with scissors at all, while others allow children to do it if the kids are careful. The best way to walk with scissors is to hold the closed blades in the fist. Walking this way reduces the risk of the child playing with the blades while walking, or falling and hurting themselves on the blades. Explain that running with scissors is extremely dangerous. If the child is going too fast, say \"Walking feet\" to remind them to slow down. Take away the scissors if they continue behaving dangerously.\n4. Take away the scissors if the child doesn't follow the rules. Give a reminder, and see if the child listens. If not, then you may decide to take away scissor privileges until the child is ready for another chance. Safety comes first.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to do the rumba?", + "input": "", + "output": "The rumba is a Latin dance that is popular all over the world. It's so simple to learn and can be danced to lots of music. Traditionally rumba uses latin music, but a lot of pop songs have the perfect tempo and rhythm, too! Learn to lead the steps, or follow your partner if you aren't as coordinated. Once you get the basic steps down, rumba gives you the freedom to groove with the music!\n\n## Position your body\n\n1. Clasp hands with your partner with elbows at a 90 degree angle. As the leader, raise your left hand. As the follower, raise your right hand. Keep your elbow close to your partner’s elbow and almost touching it. Make sure your arm stays up and at a strict angle.\n2. Place your other hand behind your partner’s shoulder. If you are the leader, put your right hand behind follower’s left shoulder. If you are the follower, put your left hand behind the leader’s right shoulder. Keep your arm straight and close against your partner’s arm.\n3. Start with your feet close together side-by-side. When you are in position with your partner, make sure that both of you keep your feet close together side-by-side. You’ll move your feet apart and back together as you perform the steps, so it’s important that they are tight together when you start.\n4. Center your body and weight over the balls of your feet. Rumba requires quick, decisive movements, so always stay on the balls of your feet. Make sure you don’t lean forward, backward, or sideways. As you perform the steps, keep yourself balanced.\n5. Maintain eye contact. You must stay in sync with your partner, and keeping your eyes locked is the best way to do it. Don't watch your feet or look around the room, or you are likely to lose the rhythm of your partner. Keeping eye contact helps you focus on the steps rather than on your surroundings.If your partner is not the same height as you, work together to split the height difference. Each of you should tilt your head either up or down so your eyes meet in the middle.\n\n\n## Lead the rumba\n\n1. Take a slow step straight forward with your left foot. Slide your foot gently forward, as opposed to lifting your foot off the ground and stomping down. Count two beats with the music when you take the first step. Keep the step light and stay on the ball of your foot. When you’re a beginner, it’s helpful to count the beats for each step of the rumba. Count the steps as either 1-2 (first step/fourth step), 3 (second step/fifth step) , 4 (third step/sixth step) or as slow-quick-quick. Since your partner will mirror this step by stepping back, it’s important to monitor their speed so you don’t step on their foot.\n2. Step your right foot at a 45 degree angle away from its starting point. This step starts your body moving to the side, as your first step started moving you forward. Your feet should end up being shoulder width apart and directly in line from left to right. This step lasts one beat and your next step follows immediately, so be ready for another quick step. Keep your toes pointing forward when you set your foot down.\n3. Slide your left foot so it’s next your right foot. Close the gap between your feet with this third step. This is a quick step that lasts one beat. When you finish the step, your feet should almost be touching. Make sure your weight is centered over both feet once again. You don’t actually want to slide your foot along the ground, but only lift it enough to move it. You’ll slow your step down if you lift it too high off of the ground. Quickly make any minor adjustments to your or your partner’s position as you move into the second phase of the steps.\n4. Step backward slowly with your right foot. Move your right foot backward so it’s roughly in line with where you started. Plant the ball of your foot and then lower your heel to the ground. Make sure this step lasts for two beats. The next step follows quickly, so make sure you are balanced on your right foot.\n5. Slide your left foot diagonally back to where it started. Take this step quickly so that it lasts one beat. Make sure your feet are shoulder width apart in a straight line. In the basic box step, your left foot should be in the same place it started. Shift the weight slightly onto your left foot in preparation for the next step.\n6. Close the gap between your feet by stepping with your right foot. Make this step quickly so that it only lasts for one beat. You are back where you started with your feet close together. Check that your weight is centered and distributed evenly between both feet. If you performed the steps correctly, the entire process takes eight beats. This should be two measures of music.\n\n\n## Follow the leader\n\n1. Step back slowly with your right foot. As the follower, mirror your partner’s steps as closely as possible. At the same time that they move their left foot forward, your right foot must go backward. Match the distance that they step so your feet are as close as they were to start. This step lasts two beats. Be sure to step at the same speed as your partner.\n2. Step quickly at a backward diagonal with your left foot. As your partner steps diagonally with their right foot, mirror the step backwards. This step lasts for one beat, so you must step quickly. If you step too slowly, your partner may kick your foot when they step forward. End this step with your feet shoulder width apart, and with neither foot farther forward or backward. Shift your weight onto your left foot so you are ready for the next step.\n3. Slide your right foot toward your left foot quickly. Barely lift your right foot off of the ground, and plant it next to your left foot. Make this step at the same time as your partner so you move sideways together. You should be standing at a 45 degree angle from your starting spot. Make sure your weight is centered over your feet.\n4. Move your left foot forward slowly. As your partner moves back in the second phase, you move forward. Mirror their right foot moving backward with your left foot moving forward. Imagine your foot is pulled by their foot. Go slowly so this step takes two beats to accomplish. Be sure to shift your weight onto that left foot so you are ready to take the next step.\n5. Take a quick step with your right foot at 45 degrees forward. Move your feet back to parallel with this step. Make sure they are still shoulder width apart and directly across from your partner’s feet. Be sure to step quickly so it takes one beat. Shift your weight slightly onto your right foot as you prepare to take the final step.\n6. Slide your left foot toward your right foot into its original place. Take this final step quickly and in time with your partner. Your feet end up close together and on the same place on the floor that they started.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to get a known traveler number?", + "input": "", + "output": "If you love traveling but can't stand the long customs lines, then it might be worth it for you to get a Known Traveler Number (KTN). A KTN is a number that's issued by either the US Transportation Security Administration (TSA), Department of Homeland Security (DHS) or Department of Defense (DoD). This number indicates that the person who has it has undergone a pre-flight background check before checking in for their flight and is eligible for an expedited customs experience. To get a KTN, apply for TSA Precheck, Global Entry, NEXUS, or SENTRI.\n\n## Get a ktn through tsa precheck\n\n1. Go for TSA Precheck if you only travel within the United States. If you're a lawful U.S. citizen or permanent resident and you just travel within the United States, this may be the program for you. Get your KTN through TSA Precheck so that you don't have to bother with getting a passport.\n2. Pre-enroll for TSA Precheck online. In order to start the application process, visit https://universalenroll.dhs.gov. Here, you'll disclose basic biographical information, such as your name, birthdate, and address.\n3. Make an appointment at an application center. After you finish filling out the brief form, you'll be prompted to make an appointment for your interview. For TSA Precheck, you can choose from over 300 locations within the United States. Find a location near you by going to https://universalenroll.dhs.gov/locator.\n4. Go to your in-person interview. Before you head to your scheduled interview, make sure that you have a valid photo ID, a valid proof of citizenship, and immigration documentation if applicable. The interview should only take about 15 minutes, and you'll be asked questions about yourself and your travel habits, and you'll also be fingerprinted during this time. Your driver's license can serve as a valid photo ID. Your passport or birth certificate can serve as a valid proof of citizenship.\n5. Pay the $85 application fee. At the interview, you'll need to pay your nonrefundable application fee, which will cover the cost of having a background check done. You can pay with a credit card, money order, company check, or cashier's check.\n6. Check your application status online. After your interview, check the status of your application by going to https://universalenroll.dhs.gov/workflows?workflow=service-status&servicecode=11115V. You'll likely receive a notification letter within 1-2 days of your interview, but it can sometimes take up to 45 days. If you're approved, your notification letter will include your 9-digit KTN.\n7. Add your KTN to each reservation. Every time you book a flight, type in your KTN number wherever it's asked for. This way, you'll be recognized as a known traveler, which means you won't have to take off your shoes, belt, or jacket, or take out your laptop or liquids. If you book through a travel agent, be sure to give the travel agent you KTN. Contact your airline via phone or online to add your KTN to your reservation after you've already booked it.\n\n\n## Apply for global entry\n\n1. Choose Global Entry if you travel internationally. While TSA Precheck allows you to to enjoy a faster customs experience while traveling within the United States, Global Entry allows you to breeze through customs while traveling within the United States and also internationally. Get your KTN through Global Entry if you're a lawful U.S. citizen or permanent resident and you travel outside the country. You can also apply for Global Entry if you are a citizen of India, citizen of Colombia, citizen of the United Kingdom, citizen of Germany, citizen of Panama, citizen of Singapore, citizen of South Korea, citizen of Switzerland, or a Mexican National.\n2. Create a GOES account and apply for Global Entry. Navigate to https://ttp.cbp.dhs.gov. Click “Get Started” to create an account. Then, log into your account. You'll have several different programs to choose from, so make sure you click on “Global Entry” and then fill out the application. This should take about half an hour and will require information such as your passport information, your residence history, and your employment history.\n3. Pay the $100 application fee online. At the end of the Global Entry application, you will be prompted to fill in your credit card or bank account information in order to pay for the application fee. The fee is $100 and is valid for 5 years. Some credit cards, specifically the ones designed for frequent fliers and corporate travelers, may reimburse you for this fee.\n4. Wait to receive an email. Once you've applied and paid the fee, check your inbox for an email. You can expect this email to come within a week or so of submitting the application. The email will prompt you to log in to your GOES account, which will notify you that you're approved, pending your interview, if everything on your application checked out. If you don't receive an email, try calling the Global Entry customer service phone line at 866-530-4172.\n5. Schedule an interview at an enrollment center. While logged into your GOES account, you'll be prompted to pick an interview day, time, and location. Here, you can look up the enrollment centers that are closest to where you are. If you live in or near a major city, look into a few different locations, as some may be able to take you the next day but others may have a month-long wait.\n6. Go to your scheduled interview. The interview questions are typically simple and straightforward. You can expect to be asked about basic topics such as your traveling tendencies and your employment status. If you're approved, your fingerprints will be taken and you'll get your KTN at the end of the interview.\n7. Scan your passport at an airport kiosk to use your KTN. Bring your passport to the airport every time you fly, and scan your passport at a Global Entry kiosk. Then, the kiosk will take your photo, scan your fingerprints, and print out your receipt, which you'll hand to the customs agent. This will get you access to an expedited customs experience.\n\n\n## Become a member of nexus\n\n1. Apply for NEXUS if you travel to Canada often. NEXUS is similar to Global Entry, but it only allows you to move through customs quicker when you're traveling domestically within the U.S. or you're crossing the border of the United States and Canada. Choose this program if you're a lawful Canadian citizen/permanent resident or a lawful U.S. citizen/permanent resident who needs to frequently cross the border. You can go to Canada without a passport if you're a U.S. citizen and you become a member of NEXUS.\n2. Create a GOES account. Get online and navigate to ttp.cbp.dhs.gov. Click on “Register in English” and fill out the prompted information to create a GOES account. When you're done, you'll receive an identification number and be a registered GOES user.\n3. Complete the NEXUS application online. Through your GOES account, download the NEXUS application online. Complete it, and provide copies of all of the government documents that the application requires, including your proof of citizenship or permanent residence, a valid passport, and proof of your current residence. Submit the application when you're finished with it.\n4. Pay the $50 fee online. The processing fee for applying to become a member of NEXUS is $50, which is the most affordable of all of the program fees. Pay this online with a credit card through your GOES account.\n5. Schedule an interview through your GOES account. Once your application has been processed, you'll get a notification through your GOES account that you need to schedule an interview at an enrollment center. There are only a few locations where you can do this, and all of them can be found at http://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/prog/nexus/location-eng.html.\n6. Gather required documents and forms of ID for your NEXUS interview. You'll need to bring a valid driver's license, proof of residency, your NEXUS conditional approval letter, and any documents that you used on your application to prove you're a U.S. citizen, U.S. permanent resident, Canadian citizen, or Canadian permanent resident. Bring your vehicle's title and registration if you plan to drive across the border. Bring your proof of custody if you plan to take a child under the age of 18 across the border.\n7. Go to your NEXUS interview. Attend your scheduled interview at the location you chose. Your interview should take about 30 minutes, and you'll be asked questions by both a U.S. customs officer and a Canadian customs officer during this time. If the interview goes well and you're approved for membership, you'll also be fingerprinted. During the interview, you might be asked questions like, “Why do you want a NEXUS card?” or “Do you still live at this address?”\n8. Scan your passport at Global Entry kiosks when you travel. As a NEXUS member, you can use your KTN the same way that Global Entry members use it. When you travel, find a Global Entry kiosk, scan your passport, and proceed as the kiosk guides you to. Just like with Global Entry members, you can give the receipt that ‘s printed at this kiosk to the customs agent in order to have an expedited customs experience.\n9. Add your PASSID to your reservations and frequent flier profiles. When you become a NEXUS member, you'll be issued a PASSID, which is exactly the same as a KTN. If you'd rather check in before heading to the airport, be sure to include your PASSID in the appropriate field when you fill out your flight registration information.\n\n\n## Acquire your ktn through sentri\n\n1. Choose SENTRI if you travel to Mexico often. The benefits of being a SENTRI member are specific to crossing the U.S. and Mexican border. Go with this program to get your KTN if you're a lawful U.S. citizen who travels to Mexico on a regular basis.\n2. Create a GOES account online. SENTRI is another program that requires you to have a GOES account. Register by clicking “Get Started,” and filling out all of the prompted information on https://ttp.cbp.dhs.gov.\n3. Complete an online application. After you've gotten a GOES account, you can log in and find the application for SENTRI. Fill it out entirely and include copies of any documents that the application requires of you. You'll likely need to supply copies of your passport and your proof of citizenship or proof of permanent residence.\n4. Pay the SENTRI fee of $122.25. This fee covers the application fee, the fingerprint fee, as well as the system cost fee. After you finish filling out the application, you'll have an opportunity to pay this nonrefundable fee. Make the payment with a credit card, certified check, money order, or through electronic bank transfer.\n5. Schedule to your SENTRI interview at an enrollment center. Once your application is conditionally approved, you'll be instructed through your GOES account to make an appointment for your interview. There are many different locations that you can choose from, all of which are considered “enrollment centers.”\n6. Go to your scheduled interview with the required documents. Bring the required documents with you and answer the interviewer's questions truthfully. You'll then be approved and fingerprinted if the interview goes well.\n7. Scan your passport at a Global Entry kiosk. To reap the benefits of your SENTRI membership, head to the Global Entry kiosk and scan your passport before you go to customs. The kiosk will prompt you to answer a couple of questions and it will take your photo and scan your fingerprints. It will then print out a receipt that you can give to the customs agent so that you can move quickly through.\n8. Include your PASSID in your flight reservations. If you'd rather not worry about dealing with the kiosk before your flight, you can simply include your PASSID (KTN) on your reservation when you book your flight. That way, your precheck privileges will be noted on your boarding pass and you can skip the kiosk altogether.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make felt?", + "input": "", + "output": "Felting is fun no matter what your age. Once you learn the process of felting, you can let your imagination be your guide and move on to other, more complex shapes. Felt sheets are the most basic, but felt balls can be just as fun to make.When you are done, you can turn your handmade felt into pretty patches or beaded garlands!\n\n## Make a felt sheet\n\n1. Use your fingers to pull apart some wool into tufts. Do not cut the wool into tufts. This will create sharp edges and make it difficult to felt. Also, be sure to get pure wool and not acrylic; acrylic fibers will not felt. Many crafters will recommend Merino wool for its fine fibers. The wool does not have to be naturally colored! Consider getting some dyed wool!\n2. Lay the tufts out on a baking sheet, overlapping each row like scales on a fish. Make sure that the fibers are all going in the same direction. You do not have to cover the entire baking sheet; an 8 by 8 inch (20.32 by 20.32 centimeters) square will be plenty.\n3. Lay out more tufts in a second layer with the fibers going perpendicular to the last one. For example, if all the tufts were going up-and-down in the first layer, make all the tufts go side-to-side in this layer. You can also experiment with using a different color of wool for this layer. Be sure to use a color that complements the first one, however, or you might get a muddy result.\n4. Repeat the first two layers, if desired, for a thicker felt sheet. Remember to alternate the direction in which the fibers are going with each layer. Two layers is perfectly fine for a thin piece of felt, but if you'd like something thicker, aim for three or four layers total. Consider adding some pieces of loose-weave fabric or bits of Merino yarn on top for color and texture.\n5. Cover the layers with a piece of tulle or sheer polyester fabric. This will help keep the fibers in place during the felting process. The fabric needs to be big enough to cover the entire wool sheet.\n6. Make your felting solution and pour it into a spray bottle. Keep the rest of the felting solution handy to refill the bottle as needed. You will need 1 tablespoon of dish soap and 1 quart (950 milliliters) of hot water. Don't shake the bottle, or you will create too many suds. The hotter the water is, the faster the wool will felt. The water shouldn't be so hot that it is uncomfortable to work with, however.\n7. Spray the wool down, then gently massage it with a piece of soapy bubble wrap. Don't be tempted to pour the water onto the wool. This will cause the fibers to move around too much. Instead, spray it down with your hot, soapy water until it is completely saturated (but not dripping). Ball up some bubble wrap, rub it over a piece of bar soap, then gently massage the felt using small, circular motions. If you accidentally soaked the wool, use a small sponge to mop up the excess water.\n8. Continue pressing on the wool until the fibers come together. Pour the water off as it cools, and spray more hot, soapy water onto it. Be sure to tuck in any loose or stray fibers as you work. This will make the edges of your sheet a little more even.\n9. When the wool is ready, transfer it to a sheet of bubble wrap and peel off the tulle or polyester fabric. You can tell if the wool is ready by doing a simple pinch test. Pinch a piece of the wool between your thumb and forefinger. If it stays in place and doesn't come off, you can move on the to the next step. If it lifts away, then continue pressing the wool. The bubble wrap needs to be textured side up.\n10. Roll up the bubble wrap tightly. Start by folding an inch (2.54 centimeters) of so of bubble wrap over the bottom edge of the felted wool to create a seam. Next, roll the wool up as tightly as you can along with the bubble wrap, starting from the bottom. Press down as you roll the wool to drain off any excess water.\n11. Roll the bubble wrap tube across a flat surface for about five minutes. Roll it gently at first, then with increasing pressure later on. Don't over-felt or over-work your wool.\n12. Rinse the sheet with cold water, then squeeze it to drain off the excess water. The cold water rinse will help set the fibers. Gently press down onto the felt sheet to squeeze out the excess water. Do not wring or twist it. Consider adding a splash of white vinegar to the water. This will remove excess soap and restore the natural pH of the wool; it will brighten the wool's colors and help it last longer.\n13. Lay the wool out some place flat to dry. The wool will have shrunk and thickened during the felting process. It may also shrink a little bit more while it dries. This is completely natural.\n14. Use your felted wool. You can cut it into squares and sew it onto a bag to make patches. You can also cut it into circles to make coasters. The possibilities are endless!\n\n\n## Make felt ball\n\n1. Pull apart some raw wool into tufts. Do not cut the tufts. If you cut them, you will get sharp edges that will be harder to felt. You can use natural, uncolored wool, or wool that has been dyed bright colors. The size of the tufts doesn't really matter, but a 4 to 5-inch long (10 to 12 centimeters) tuft will give you a bead about the size of a cherry.\n2. Fill a small tub with hot water and add some liquid dish soap into it. You will need 2 tablespoons of dish soap for every 3 cups (700 milliliters) of water. Gently swish the water to mix, but not so much to create suds. The hotter the water, the faster the wool will felt. The water shouldn't be so hot that you can't handle it, however.\n3. Gather a few tufts into a ball, then roll them between your palms. Don't worry about forming a firm ball just yet. You can use all one color of wool, or several different colors for a more interesting felt ball.\n4. Soak the ball in the hot, soapy water. Hold the ball between your fingers, then dip it into the hot, soapy water. Don't worry if the ball starts to lose its shape and sag. You will reshape it in the next step.\n5. Roll the ball between your palms until it becomes firm. The ball will be loose at first, but then it will start to become more firm. This will take about 10 minutes. Be careful not to squeeze it too much. If you are making multiple beads, the water may cool down while you work. When that happens, replace the tub with more hot, soapy water.\n6. When the wool is firm, rinse it off with cold water. This will get rid of the soap and help set the fibers. If you'd like, you can then soak it in some water with a splash of white vinegar in it. This will help remove the rest of the soap and brighten the wool's color.\n7. Gently press the ball in a towel to remove excess water. Be careful not to squeeze too hard, of you may distort the ball.\n8. Allow the felt ball to air dry. This will take about 24 hours. Remember, just because the ball is dry on the outside does not necessarily mean that it is dry on the inside.\n9. Consider threading the balls onto some twine to make a garland. Poke a hole through each ball using a darning needle, and pull some heavy thread through it. You may need to use needle nose pliers to help pull the needle through, especially of the felt balls are firm. Hang the garland wherever you like when you are done.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to deal with a married boyfriend?", + "input": "", + "output": "Entering into a relationship with a married man might seem appealing to some women; however, it can also become a very difficult and painful experience. There are many reasons why a woman might be attracted to a married man and learning these reasons as well as the difficulties of such a relationship can help you decide what to do.\n\n## Learn the risk\n\n1. Be aware that he likely won't leave his wife. Although your boyfriend may claim he is willing to or about to leave his wife, most married men are not actually ready or planning to do so. During your time with your boyfriend, you should understand that the chances of him leaving his wife to be with you exclusively are small. If he is finalizing his divorce, then he may actually be serious about leaving his wife. Most men will not leave their wife to be with their girlfriend.\n2. Realize that he will always be connected to his family. If your boyfriend has children with his wife, you should understand that he will always have a connection to his children and possibly with his wife. Even if your boyfriend leaves his wife, his children will still be part of his life and he may be required to share visitation rights with her. Be prepared for this if you continue to pursue your relationship with him.\n3. Prepare yourself for a difficult relationship. Dating a married man is almost always a difficult relationship and is one that is likely to emotionally hurt those involved. You should be fully aware of this if you plan to continue your relationship with your married boyfriend.\n\n\n## Understand why women want to date a marry man\n\n1. Examine your relationship for any thrill seeking behavior. The hidden nature of your relationship may be what keeps one or both of you interested. Sneaking around, keeping secrets and hiding the relationship can all be exhilarating and boost the attachment between the two of you. Understand that if you are interested in your boyfriend because of the thrill, an exclusive relationship with him will likely lose its appeal.\n2. Ask yourself if you have based the relationship in competition. Some women are highly competitive and this competitive nature can express itself in relationships as well. Women who desire a married man may do so because they feel that they are a superior woman to the man's wife. This can cause them to pursue the husband in order to prove to themselves and others that they are the “winner”.\n3. Discover any issues with trust that you may have. Some women may have difficulty trusting a man. The appeal of seeing a married man is found in the fact that they can't be cheated on because they are the one doing the cheating. Women who have a married boyfriend are also not likely to be restricted in who they themselves are allowed to see romantically. A lack of trust can be the reason behind your relationship.\n\n\n## Date during a divorce\n\n1. Be aware of your boyfriend's wife. Although you may be dating your boyfriend during his divorce, you will still have to contend with how his wife might view you. You will have to be careful with any interaction you might have with your boyfriend's wife as they may feel resentful towards you and try to cause you trouble. Your boyfriends wife may try to turn his children against you. The wife of your boyfriend might try to attack your image amongst family and friends. Your relationship may cause the divorce proceedings to take longer or become more expensive.\n2. Keep your relationship discreet. Dating your boyfriend during a divorce can be a troublesome and difficult time for both of you. Keeping your relationship discreet and private can help keep things as calm and stable as can be during the divorce proceedings. Wait until after the divorce before making your relationship a public one. Don't get involved with your boyfriend's children until after the divorce is finalized.\n3. Make sure your boyfriend is physically separated from his wife. If you start dating your boyfriend while he still lives with his wife, this might be legally determined to be the reason for the failure of his marriage. If your relationship is determined to be the reason his marriage failed it can cause your boyfriend to lose more of his assets during the divorce. Wait until your boyfriend is living away from his wife before dating.\n\n\n## Discover if your boyfriend be marry\n\n1. Take note of when your boyfriend is available. If your boyfriend is usually unavailable on weekends of evenings, but talks to you first thing in the morning, he might be married. Your boyfriend might be with his wife during these times and this can be the reason he isn't returning your calls or texts. Take note of when your boyfriend is available to talk. If he talks with you only during times when he is at work or away from home, he might be married. Unless he has to work on the weekends, he should be able to meet or talk with you.\n2. Think about how much you know about his personal life. Married men don't often share many details of their personal life. This might be an effort to cover up their marriage by exuding any information that could reveal it. Think of how much you know about your boyfriend and his personal life to see if he might be withholding any important information. He will likely not mention where he lives. Your boyfriend might not talk about his friends in case you might know them and ask them for more details about his life. He might not talk about his past relationships in order to avoid revealing anything about his current marriage.\n3. Ask yourself if your boyfriend hides his family from you. If your boyfriend is currently married there is a good chance that he will avoid taking you to meet his family. A married boyfriend will likely try to keep your relationship a secret. If you meet his family your relationship will be revealed. If you have been dating your boyfriend for a long period of time and he avoids a meeting between you and his family, he might be married.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to choose bridal lingerie?", + "input": "", + "output": "Choosing bridal lingerie is one of the many exciting things you get to do as bride-to-be, and it’s something so personal that only you can do it. For lingerie that you’re planning to wear under your dress on your big day, you’ll need to choose a style that works well under your specific dress. If you’re planning to get other lingerie to change into after the wedding, you have unlimited options with which you can surprise your fiancé!\n\n## Find lingerie for your dress\n\n1. Go with a slip and shapewear if you have a sheath dress. Light flowing fabrics make beautiful wedding gowns but may require a little extra support underneath to avoid showing unwanted bulges or panty lines. Find shapewear that hides any problem areas, and a slip made from similar fabric as your gown in case your gown slips. To reduce the layers you need to wear, try a shaping slip in the same color as your dress.\n2. Choose high-waisted shaping lingerie for a mermaid dress. Mermaid dresses show off all your natural curves by hugging your body, so consider lingerie that draws in your waist and doesn’t show panty lines. A high-waisted thong is a good option, on its own or coupled with a bustier.\n3. Find a bustier or corset for your ballgown. Many ballgown style dresses already have a structured corset or bustier in them, but if yours doesn’t, find one that matches the color of your dress. Choose a bustier bra that’s seamless and strapless to support and lift your bust while slimming your torso. Panties for your ballgown can be any style you choose, since a ballgown is loose in the skirt area and you won’t be able to see panty lines.\n4. Choose any lingerie for A-line dresses. A-line, or princess-style dresses, are fitted at the top and flow out below the bustline. If this is the type of dress you have, you can choose any lingerie based on your comfort or preference instead of shaping or support. Keep in mind the shape of the top of your dress when choosing a bra; if the dress has a deep neckline or is strapless, you’ll want to find a strapless bra or skip a bra altogether.\n5. Find a backless bra with adhesive sides for a backless dress. If you have a halter or other type of backless dress, you may want support or coverage from your lingerie. Choose an adhesive bra that matches the color of your dress to get the support you need. Adhesive bras also work great for strapless dresses if you can’t find a strapless bra that you like.\n6. Match the lingerie color to your dress. Try bringing a swatch of the fabric that your gown is made from with you when you shop for lingerie. Some bridal gown retailers offer a swatch so you can match accessories with your gown. If you don’t have a sample of the fabric, try ordering more than one shade of lingerie and keep the one that best matches your gown. Matching your lingerie with your dress instead of your skin tone is helpful in case your gown slips a bit. Your lingerie won’t be as obvious if the shade matches your dress.\n\n\n## Choose wed night lingerie\n\n1. Wear whatever you’ll feel sexy in. There are certain myths surrounding wedding night lingerie that it has to look a certain way, but only you and your fiancé know what you like. This means if you don’t want to wear white, don’t! You can wear anything from boyfriend-style pajamas to French maid costumes, so don’t be afraid to choose something unique to you.\n2. Choose flowery white lace for the classic feminine look. If you want to go a traditional route, find a comfortable white or cream bra and panty set made from sheer flowery lace. Or go with a short white lacy gown. Some lingerie combines lace and faux-fur for an extra feminine touch.\n3. Try an artsy corset with suspenders, stockings, and heels for a bolder approach. If bold is more your style, think straps! Look for a detailed, beaded or embroidered corset with suspenders, fishnet or lace thigh-highs, and a pair of matching heels. Choose any color theme you like for this lingerie based on your preference. Some corsets have a connected underwear component with suspenders; others don’t, in which case, you can find a matching thong to complete your outfit.\n4. Choose a lacy jumpsuit or teddie if you like one-pieces. Find a lacy halter mini-shorts jumpsuit to combine sporty and feminine looks. Or go bold and feminine with a sheer or strappy teddie in any color that you like. To stay on the more traditional side, choose white or cream for your one-piece lingerie. Or choose a pastel pink or blue for a romantic, feminine effect. Black or red also work well with these pieces if you want a bolder look.\n5. Get a sheer dressing gown for some added luxury. Regardless of what style lingerie you get, consider a sheer dressing gown to drape over it, as an extra piece to remove on your wedding night, for lounging around in the morning, or both.\n6. Consider a separate registry just for lingerie if you’re having trouble deciding. If you like too many pieces to choose, let a few close friends and your fiancé choose for you! Create a registry online with a lingerie store, add some of your favorite pieces, and give your bridesmaids and fiancé the link before your bridal shower. This gives the people who know you best a chance to help you decide. You may end up with more than one item, but that’s okay. Choose one for your wedding night and save the rest for your honeymoon!\n\n\n## Consider your body type\n\n1. Choose strappy lingerie on a muscular frame. You can probably pull off some pretty daring looks if you’re in good shape. Choose lingerie with lots of straps, bold colors, or a cinched waistline to show it off.\n2. Try a plunging neckline and briefs if you’re pear-shaped. Pear-shaped women are smaller up top with wider hips, butt, and thighs. Show off this type of figure with pieces that go low at the neckline and brief-style underwear. Or experiment with colors by wearing bold, bright patterns up top.\n3. Go with v-cut panties and a full coverage bra or corset if you’re apple-shaped. Apple-shaped ladies carry more weight in the top half of their bodies and have slender legs. Show off this type of body by providing full bust coverage and concealing your stomach area, if you want to. Think lots of lace up top and brightly colored panties.\n4. Try a garter belt or any waist-cincher for an hourglass figure. Hourglass figures have a proportioned build with bust and thigh measurements that are about equal, and are slimmer at the waist. Show off your waistline with a flattering belt or any accessory that draws attention to it.\n5. Go wireless for a small bust. If you don’t need an underwire bra on your wedding day, don’t bother with one. Try a feminine lacy bralette or a racerback style bra if you have a small chest. You can likely find some cute halter one-pieces as well.\n6. Choose high-waisted bottoms for a long torso. If you have a long torso and shorter legs, you can choose from the variety of high-waisted styles that are so popular. Try a lacy crop top set with high-waisted bottoms to draw more attention to your shoulders and legs.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to create a custom list on imdb?", + "input": "", + "output": "If your IMDb Watchlist doesn't cut it for the information you want to save, you may want to set up a custom list. IMDb allows you to make these custom lists from their app or their website.\n\n## Via the imdb mobile app\n\n1. Open the IMDb app. IMDb can be found in the iPhone and Android app store. The icon may either be yellow with black lettering or clear with yellow lettering: this will differ from operating system to operating system.\n2. Try and view your current custom lists. Tap the person icon to the right of the search box; then tap the \"Your Lists\" option from between the Your Check-Ins and Your History options of your Watchlist options page. To get here on a tablet such as an iPad or Android tablet, instead, choose the hamburger menu to the left of the search bar at the top of the screen and choose \"Your lists.\"\n3. Tap \"Create a list\". This can be found up near the top of the screen, underneath the feature telling you how many lists you have and how they are sorted. It's just above all your current IMDb lists.\n4. Designate whether the list will be private or not. If you want it to be private, make sure the slider switch remains green. If you want it public, tap or slide the green slider switch to turn off the privatized settings for this new list.\n5. Tap the \"New list title\" label line and enter a new title for the custom list. When you've finished naming it, tap the \"Done\" button.\n6. Describe why you created the list. If there's a theme to the list, use this option to remind yourself what the purpose is. There is no true \"Done\" button, but you can proceed to the next step to finish the process instead; Return just line-advances to a new line below the current one.\n7. Tap the \"Save\" button in the top right corner of the screen.\n8. Stock the list with some initial content. Tap the list you just created. Tap the \"Add to List\" option. Type the title. The tool will begin searching for items you can add to the list. If by the end of the search the title just doesn't come up, you can press the Search button on your keyboard. Tap the item to add to list.\n9. Repeat for additional titles to add. Tap the + sign to the right of (1 title) instead for each successive addition.\n\n\n## Via the website\n\n1. Log in to the IMDb website in your web browser. Once you get to the website, you'll click either the \"Sign in with Facebook\" or \"Other sign in options\" buttons or links near the top right corner of the page; you can sign in via Facebook, Google, or Amazon, or you can create an IMDb account. Then you'll have free range to add stuff to your Watchlist at any time.\n2. Hover over your name near the right hand corner and click \"Your Lists\". This will take you to the page containing all your lists, including your Watchlist and list of check-ins. If you already have other lists, this page will also display these other lists by title only.\n3. Click the \"Create a New List\" button over on the right-hand side.\n4. Name your list. Click into the \"List Title\" field and type your name for the list. This is one of two mandatory fields to create the list.\n5. Describe your list. Click into the \"List Description\" box and type a description for the list.\n6. Tell IMDb what types of items you are planning to save in this list. On the IMDb mobile site, the types of Items is pre-populated. On the website, you have to choose one item from the drop-down list: your choices include: \"Titles\", \"People\" and \"Images\".\n7. Click the \"Create\" button once you are done.\n8. Click in the text box to the right of \"Add a movie or TV show to this list\".\n9. Search for the item, based on IMDb labeling and formatting and click the item once it appears. Unlike the mobile app, which shows you the profile images for the item, with the website version, you just get the name and release date for the item. Wait for the list to be populated with the item. It should take a few seconds to add the item to the list.\n10. Repeat with any other items you'd like to add to the list to create the list's initial structure.\n11. Click the Done button in the top right corner of the tool. It'll eventually pop open the custom list with the list of titles alphabetized.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to hook up with an ex girlfriend?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Get ready to hook up with your ex-girlfriend\n\n1. Keep it spontaneous. If you want to hook up with your ex without any strings attached and to have as much fun as possible, then you have to start off by being spontaneous. Don't call her or text her, asking what she's been up to. Instead, you should run into her at a club, a party, or just out in the middle of the day, and start charming her and letting her know that you want to hook up. If you call her or start checking in with her, then she may get the wrong impression and think you want something more than just hooking up. Treat it like meeting a new and exciting girl out at a bar and then bring her home.\n2. Let enough time pass. If you want to start hooking up with your ex, you should wait until at least a few weeks, if not a few months, have gone by before you start trying to hook up with your ex again. Even if you had an amicable and mutual break-up and there are no hard feelings, you should let the dust settle before you try to get back in bed with your ex, or things are bound to get complicated. Enough time should pass that you can see your ex as someone hot who you'd like to hook up with, instead of letting all of your old complicated feelings or emotions well up at the sight of her. Enough time should pass so you get rid of any anger or lingering resentment or bitterness.\n3. Let her know you want to hook up. Once enough time has passed and you've run into your ex, you should make it clear that you want to take her home. Don't tell her that she's beautiful and that you've missed her smile; instead, tell her that she looks great in her new dress and that you've missed her body. You don't have to be too subtle since you should already be pretty comfortable with each other -- just make sure she's feeling it, too. Don't give her a puppy-dog love gaze. Look her up and down and let her see that you think she looks hot. Be blunt. Ask her to come over or wait for an invitation to go to her place.\n4. Make your intentions clear. Before you even touch your ex's lips with your own, you should make your intentions and expectations clear. Tell her you want to hook up without any strings attached, that you're not looking to get back into the relationship, and that you just want to have a little fun. Let her know that you only want to see her to hook up, not to do all the date-y stuff that leads to hooking up. Don't be a jerk. It's not cool to lead on your ex, hook up with her again, and then tell her that you're not really looking to reconnect.\n5. Make sure you're on the same page. Keep in mind that, when you're about to hook up with an ex, it's pretty unlikely that you're both on the same page. That is to say, it's almost always the case that one of you is still hurt, still reeling, and still emotionally vulnerable from the break up. It could be the case that she dumped you and you're pretending that you want to hook up when you really just want to get back together, or that she's totally hung up on you while you just want to get her in bed. But if you really are looking for the same things, then it's safe to go for it. Look into her eyes when you talk about your hook-up status. Does she really agree that it's a good idea, or does she clearly think it'll turn into something more? Think about how serious the relationship was in the beginning. If you were only together for a month or two, then you're both much more likely to be okay with just hooking up than you'd be if you dated for a year or two. Make sure you're both okay with also hooking up with other people. If you're not, then why not just get back together?\n\n\n## Hook up with your ex-girlfriend\n\n1. Make sure you only hook up. Though it sounds harsh, if you're going to hook up with an ex, then you should only hook up with her. Be honest about it. Don't make an excuse every time your ex wants to go somewhere public with you. Tell her that you're not looking for anything other than hooking up.\n2. Hook up sparingly. Hooking up with your ex can be fun and exciting, but that doesn't mean you should do it every night, because guess what? That's starting to look like a relationship. If you're basically only hooking up with your ex, then you're not letting yourself meet other girls or have any fun on the side. The more time you spend together, the more likely you both are to be hurt, so keep it fun and spontaneous instead of setting a hook-up date for every night of the week. Keep it fun and spontaneous. If you see her out, then take her home. If not, then don't call her or text her to find out where she is. You're not supposed to care that much, remember?\n3. Don't get too comfortable. It can be tricky to hook up with an ex without feeling too comfortable. No cuddling, no passionate kisses as you leave, and no hanging out around the house in sweatpants eating cold nachos from the night before. All of these signs show that you're too comfortable in the non-relationship and that you're on your way to dating again.\n4. Stay in control. If you want to hook up with your ex without any trouble, then you have to maintain control of the situation at all times. Don't let her set the terms of your hook up, and try to keep things at her place so you remain the master of your own domain. Don't cancel your plans to hang out with your buddies if she wants to hang out; tell her you'll hang out with her if she's free. This doesn't mean you should tell your ex exactly what to do; you should find a time and place that works for both of you, but you shouldn't fall prey to her needs.\n5. Keep your new relationship private. Don't hang out with your ex in front of your friends, go to a party with her because she doesn't want to show up alone, or tell your friends that you've been hooking up with her again. The more people you bring into it, the more complicated things will get, and you should keep it simple -- just between the two of you. If you start going out in public with her and hanging out with her friends, they'll immediately disapprove and tell your ex that she should set the terms for your relationship. If you bring her out in front of your friends, then she'll start to feel like your girlfriend again.\n6. Avoid \"lovey dovey\" stuff when you're hooking up. Maybe when you were dating, you would be tender with your woman, telling her how beautiful she is, how much you love her, and how much you love the little dimples in her cheeks. Well, all of your Romeo-moves have to go out the door at this point, or she'll get the wrong picture. She'll think, \"He said I'm beautiful -- he must still love me,\" or \"He ran his hands through my hair -- it has to mean something.\" By doing this, you'll be leading her on and making her feel like you still want to date her. You can tell her how hot she is and how much you love her body, but stick to the sexy -- not the tender -- compliments if you want it to last.\n\n\n## Know when to stop hook up\n\n1. Stop if one of you starts developing feelings again. Unfortunately, it'll be hard to keep hooking up with your ex without having one of you develop feelings for the other person again. As soon as that happens, you'll have to push the eject button on the non-relationship, or things will only get worse from there. Unless you're still really in love with your ex and are using your hook up moves to win back her heart -- incidentally, a terrible idea -- you should cease and desist the second you or she shows signs of having feelings. If you start getting that achy feeling in your heart and start musing about what a great relationship you had while knowing it can never work, then it's time to leave. If your ex tells you she misses you, sends you sweet (not sexy) texts, or says she wishes you could do some couple-y things together, then it's time to bow out. If you have to end the \"relationship\" for this reason, explain yourself first. You shouldn't be a jerk just because it's over.\n2. Stop if one of you starts liking someone else. If one of you starts developing feelings for someone else, even if you haven't pursued that person, you should end up the hook-up period. Hooking up with your ex is something to do when you both want to get some action and are bored because there are few romantic prospects in your lives. But if one of you does start liking someone else, it's time to stop hooking up so you have room to explore those feelings. If you know your ex has a crush on someone else, you're doing her a disservice by continuing to hook up with her and taking up her time. If you start liking another girl, she won't want anything to do with you if she knows that you're hooking up with an ex-girlfriend.\n3. Stop when you've fallen into a routine. Hooking up with your ex should last a month or two at most before things start to get more serious. Even if you're both trying as hard as you can to keep things casual, if you've fallen into a rhythm, basically feel like you're dating, and know exactly when you'll see each other next, then it's time to stop hooking up. If you know when you'll see your ex next, and you stop feeling a thrill at the prospect of hooking up, then the fun is over. You can't expect the hook up to last more than a month or two without it leading to something more. Be realistic.\n4. Stop if you start fighting like a couple. As soon as you start fighting again, you should end the relationship. If you're not actually dating, then you shouldn't be fighting. It's that simple. If you hear her say, \"Where is this taking us?\" or \"What does all of this mean?\" Then she's already back in relationship mode, and your hook up sessions have gone too far. You shouldn't be fighting about anything one of you is doing wrong, because you should only be hooking up, right? It may be tempting to fight with your ex again if you're used to it, but remember that it won't lead you anywhere except back where you were -- a bad relationship.\n5. Stop if you're no longer having fun. The whole point of hooking up with your ex is so that both of you can enjoy yourselves, get some sexual pleasure, and have fun without any strings attached. If you're not feeling the hook up anymore, if you feel like you're only in it out of obligation, or if you're hooking up with your ex just because you're bored, then it's time to start looking for someone new. You weren't having fun before and that's why the relationship ended. Be honest about ending the hook-up session. Don't just start avoiding or ignoring your ex. Let her know it's time to move on.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to pay residential at&t bills?", + "input": "", + "output": "AT&T has expanded to include landline, cell phone, Internet, and television services. However, you can access your account and pay the bill for all of your services through the website or the customer service telephone system.\n\n## Set up an online payment account with at&t\n\n1. Create a \"MyAT&T\" account. Whether you have residential phone service, cell phone service, Internet, U-Verse, or DirecTV, you can manage everything through a single log-in at the AT&T website at https://www.att.com. Select your account type. The typical residential customer will fall under either \"U-verse TV, Internet & Voice,\" or \"Home Phone, Internet & Digital TV.\" U-verse is the newest AT&T innovation delivered through an upgraded fiber-optic network and is not available in all states. Enter the account number from your statement or the phone number associated with your account. The final information needed to set up your account is the billing zip code. Enter an ID name for your account and password. Your password should be at least 8 characters and include a mix of upper and lower case letters and numbers. Confirm your account. For security purposes, you will receive an email with instructions on how to confirm your account.\n2. Access your bill. Once you log in to your account, click on the tab marked \"Billing, Usage, Payments.\" In the drop down menu, select \"Bill Details.\" You can view a bill summary or download and print a copy of the paper bill.\n3. Make a payment. You have two choices for making a payment. You can either use a debit/credit card or have the payment debited out of your bank account. In the field marked \"Select Payment Method,\" you will be taken to the page where you can enter the details of your payment method. Once your payment details are entered, you will be given the opportunity to store it for use with future payments.\n4. Establish an Auto-Pay schedule. Under the payments tab, you can select \"Manage Auto-Pay\" to authorize the payment to be automatically deducted from your bank account on the same day every month. For security purposes, be sure to log out and close your browser window after making an online payment.\n\n\n## Pay your at&t bill by mail\n\n1. Review your statement. Either log into your MyAT&T account and print out the bill you want to pay or use the statement you received in the mail. The statement will include the amount you owe, details about the bill, and the payment due date. If you are unable to print your bill, note the account number on your check, and include a note with your name, address, and phone number associated with the account.\n2. Pay by check or money order. You can pay your bill by either personal check or money order. Because of security concerns and lack of a receipt, do not mail cash.\n3. Assemble your payment. You can either use the envelope provided with your monthly bill or hand address an envelope. Put your return address in the upper left corner and add the AT&T payment mailing address. Affix proper first class postage and your payment is ready to mail. You can verify the payment address on the AT&T website under the \"Support\" tab. The current address is: AT&T U-verse, P.O. Box 5014, Carol Stream, IL, 60197.\n\n\n## Use other at&t payment options\n\n1. Pay your bill via the automated phone system. Dial 1-800-288-2020 to access the 24 hour-a-day telephone customer service system. You will be asked to confirm the phone number associated with your account. You may also be asked for the last four digits of you Social Security number, and your zip code to verify your account. Follow the prompts to pay your bill. The system is voice-activated. You can either enter your information by voice or through the keypad on your phone. Speak slowly and clearly. There is no service charge to make a payment through the automated system.\n2. Speak with a customer service representative. Once you have verified your phone number, the phone system will ask you what you would like to do. Say \"representative\" and your call will be transferred to an operator to complete your payment. You may be assessed a $5 charge to have the operator process your payment.\n3. Use one of the authorized payment locations. You can search for a business that is authorized by AT&T to accept your payment in person. These agent locations can accept payment by cash, check, or money order. Payment locations cannot accept credit card payments. You can search for a pay station either by zip code or by city and state. Pay stations may charge a convenience fee of $2 to $5 to process your payment. You will need your account number to pay at a payment location. You may be asked to show photo identification.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to resolve complaints?", + "input": "", + "output": "When a customer has a grievance with a company, it is in the interests of both parties to come to a smooth and fast resolution. Whether you are the one making a complaint or the one designated to resolve customer service issues, you can make the process an easy one that will keep everybody happy.\n\n## Make a successful complaint against a company\n\n1. Determine what the exact problem is. A complaint can be a very minor matter (such as if you buy a shirt that has a tear in it) or a very significant--even criminal--matter (such as if you are defrauded out of a significant amount of money). Consider carefully what exactly your complaint entails. Some common reasons to make a complaint include:\n\t* Buying a defective product\n\t* Ordering a product that is not delivered in a timely fashion\n\t* Being charged the wrong price for a purchase\n\t* Having your credit card information stolen and used improperly\n2. Figure out what you want to achieve with your complaint. Depending on the severity of your complaint, you might wish to achieve very different goals. Ask yourself what would solutions would make you happy. You might also want to consider whether the company can take any action that would make you want to return as a customer. Keep your ideal goal in mind as you pursue your claim. Some possible solutions to a complaint include:\n\t* Getting a replacement product\n\t* Having your money partially or entirely refunded\n\t* Receiving store credit\n\t* Being paid restitution or damages\n3. Know your rights as a consumer. As a consumer, you have the right to be treated in a fair and above-board manner. Many municipalities and nations have laws that protect consumers from fraudulent behavior. Examine your consumer rights carefully to prepare yourself for a confrontation with the company. If you know your rights, you are less likely to be intimidated into withdrawing your complaint.\n4. Read your paperwork carefully. Many services and products involve a signed contract. This contract might include information about how grievances can be filed and about what grievances are legitimate. Make sure you understand clearly what you have signed your name to and what the company has agreed to. If you are uncertain whether a contract you have signed is legitimate or not, you might contact a consumer attorney who can help you navigate the legalese.\n5. Find the contact information for the appropriate employee at the company. Many companies have a department devoted to customer service. If you have a problem with a product, you will likely want to get in touch with that department. Other possibilities might include management, an Ombudsman (if you feel like you have been mistreated), or human resources (if you suffered abuse at the hands of an employee). Look through the company website or navigate their voicemail system to determine whom you should contact.\n6. Gather all relevant material and information. Before you make your complaint, make sure you have all the necessary paperwork and dates at your disposal. Many companies require a proof of purchase before exchanging or returning items, and you will want to have yours handy. If your transaction involved a transaction number, be sure you have that written down in a handy place. Things you might gather include:\n\t* A copy of your receipt\n\t* Your credit card slip\n\t* Your credit card bill with the relevant transaction on it\n\t* Your emailed transaction confirmation\n\t* The date and time of your transaction\n\t* Your warranty\n\t* The defective item\n7. Make copies of your paperwork. Before handing any documents over to the company, make sure that you have back-up copies safely stored at home. This is especially important for receipts and contracts: never give up your originals until your complaint is resolved. You should also document your phone calls: jot down the time you called, the people to whom you spoke, and the details of your conversation.\n8. Try a phone call or quick visit first. Especially for minor complaints, you can try to resolve your complaint with a quick phone call or visit to the appropriate employee. Many retail stores have a customer service desk you can visit, for example. If your complaint is small and does not involve potentially criminal activity on the part of the company, try to resolve the issue in this quick and easy way.\n9. Communicate your grievance clearly and succinctly. Be upfront, polite, but firm when you articulate your complaint to the customer service representative. Make sure that you detail exactly what your problem is, the date of your transaction, and how you envision the problem might be resolved. Try to avoid extreme emotions or oversharing at this stage: after all, you want the customer service representative to be on your side. For example, you might say:\n\t* \"I purchased this new phone last week. Unfortunately, the phone battery does not hold its charge. According to my warranty, I should receive a brand-new phone. Can you help me resolve this?\" \"I bought these earrings on October 19. I was told that they were hypoallergenic. However, they are still causing an allergic reaction. I am hoping to exchange them for actually hypoallergenic earrings. I have kept my receipt and credit card slip.\" \"When I came in to the store yesterday, your sales clerk named John made an insulting remark about my appearance. I am very concerned since I visit your shop quite often and have been a loyal customer. I would like to file a grievance with your company.\"\n10. Control your temper. Even if you are feeling very frustrated, it is best to remain calm and polite at this stage. Resist the urge to yell or use insulting language. Some tips for controlling your anger include:\n\t* Taking deep breaths. Avoiding hyperbole and keeping your problem in perspective. Focusing on solving the problem. Communicating clearly.\n11. Use \"I\" statements to express your frustration. \"I\" statements are an effective way to express yourself without appearing to blame or take your anger out on someone. In an \"I\" statement, you simply state how you feel in first-person terms. For example, you might state:\n\t* \"I am disappointed in the quality of this product\" instead of \"Your company made a terrible product.\" \"I am frustrated that the delivery did not occur on time\" instead of \"Your delivery driver sucks.\" \"I hope that we can come to a resolution\" instead of \"You had better make this right.\"\n12. Do not lose sight of your goal. Sometimes a company might offer you a solution that is not quite what you had hoped for. For example, they might offer you store credit when what you want is a refund. Or they might only offer you a product repair instead of a new product. Consider whether what they offer you initially is fair. If not, hold firm about what you wanted to achieve through your complaint. Do not give in right away: be persistent and see if you can achieve your goal.\n13. Express your gratitude if your complaint is resolved. Many companies will attempt to help you at this stage by refunding your money, replacing your product, or giving you store credit. If this was your ideal solution, then you have effectively solved your complaint. Thank the customer service representative for his efforts. If the representative went above and beyond his duties, you might also write a letter of appreciation to his superior to express your happiness at his performance. If you are ignored or if your ideal solutions are not met at this stage, however, you might have to take further action.\n14. Follow up on the resolution. When both parties have agreed to a solution, give the other party ample time to implement it. After a fair amount of time, call them back to verify that the solution has been put in place. If they have been able to honestly and fairly assist you, they’ll be glad to be able to give you the good news of your problem’s resolution. If not, then you might want to consider contacting management or bringing in a third party.\n15. Turn to social media if you are being ignored. In some cases, a customer service representative may not be helpful or might refuse your call. In a case like this, social media can help draw attention to your plight and cause the company to begin working on your behalf. Consider writing a public Facebook post that links to the company's Facebook page or composing a Tweet directed at the company. This might help your voice be heard.\n16. Take your complaint to management if necessary. If you do not have any luck with customer service, consider talking to someone in a management or supervisory position. Be sure that you mention the steps you tried to take to resolve the issue before now and how disappointed you are in how you have been treated. If you get a supervisor's attention, you might be able to get the attention you deserve.\n17. Express your complaint in writing. At this stage, you will want to communicate with the company in writing. Writing conveys a sense of seriousness and also creates a paper trail that can help you pursue your complaint. Use a business letter format in order to write a letter of complaint. You can find a sample complaint letter here: https://www.usa.gov/complaint-letter. Keep a copy of your letter for your files. Be sure to include photocopies of relevant supporting documents such as receipts, credit slips, warranties, or contracts as evidence for your case.\n18. Get in touch with a consumer rights agency if necessary. If the complaints has not been resolved to your satisfaction yet, you might need to bring in a third party. There are many governmental and nonprofit agencies that exist to protect consumers and to regulate business practices. Some examples of these agencies include the Better Business Bureau, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and the Federal Trade Commission. Many of these agencies allow you to submit a grievance through a simple online form. If you are located in the United States, you can find your local consumer protection agency using this web address: https://www.usa.gov/state-consumer\n\t* \n\t* The Better Business Bureau provides an online form you can use to file a complaint here: https://www.bbb.org/consumer-complaints/file-a-complaint/nature-of-complaint/\n\t* \n\t* If your complaint is regarding a financial institution or transaction (such as a line of credit), get in touch with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: http://www.consumerfinance.gov/complaint/\n\t* \n\t* If your complaint has to do with fraud or identity theft, you can get in touch with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.https://www.fdic.gov/consumers/assistance/protection/index.html\n19. Contact the relevant licensing board. Many businesses are required to maintain a license with a local or national board. For example, doctors, restaurants, salons, and optometrists often need to maintain their standing with a licensing board. If your complaint is serious, you might consider contacting a representative of the licensing board to let them know of your concerns.\n20. Contact the government about fraud or abuse. If you think you have been the victim of a crime, you should contact the governmental authorities. Your complaint might help them prevent future scams and thefts. If you have been scammed, defrauded, or had your identity stolen, your complaint is serious enough to involve the state and is too serious for the company to handle internally.\n21. Go to small claims court to retrieve money. Small claims courts allow you to sue for small amounts of money--usually under $10,000. This amount is not worth the cost of most litigation proceedings, but small-claims courts provide a simple and inexpensive way to try to recoup your funds. Some of the most common cases in small claims courts are breaches of warranty or breaches of contract. Visit this website to determine the small-claims limit in your state if you live in the United States: http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/types-cases-for-small-claims-court-29918.html\n22. Report your complaint publicly. Make sure that other potential customers are aware of serious issues with how a company does business. Provide an honest, objective review with consumer protection websites and publicly viewable review sites to ensure that others do not encounter the same problems you did. Alternatively, if your complaint was resolved in a quick and professional manner, you can leave a positive review with these sites and agencies to reward the company for their good work.\n\n\n## Resolve a complaint from a customer\n\n1. Remember that complaints are useful tools for your company. Do not resent a complaint from a customer. Consider complaints to be a free source of feedback on how your company is viewed by its patrons. Resist the urge to be angry, resentful, or grouchy at a complaining customer: instead, be grateful that they are making you aware of a potential problem with how you conduct business. A business's reputation depends less on the number of complaints they receive and more on how fairly and professionally they handle those complaints.\n2. Acknowledge their complaint quickly. A key to excellent customer service is responding as quickly as possible to a complaint. Get back to email complaints, complaints left over voicemail, or written complaints within two business days if at all possible. Even if you have not yet come up with a solution, you should let your customer know that you are working on it and that you have heard their concerns. Solving their complaint quickly will please your customer and will also save your company valuable time and energy. Try not to have complaints lead to multiple conversations or contacts: resolve all complaints on the spot if at all possible.\n3. Express your gratitude. Thank your customer for their patience, their business, and for taking the time to notify you of an issue. Your goal is not to make the customer disappear but rather to please the customer enough that she will continue using your goods and services.\n4. Listen actively. Use active listening techniques to make sure that you understand your customer's complaint and that they feel like they are being heard. Do not dismiss or ignore what they say: give them your full attention. Active listening involves:\n\t* Making eye contact\n\t* Nodding and using other affirming body language\n\t* Not getting distracted\n\t* Asking follow-up questions to make sure you understand them fully\n5. Apologize for their trouble. Do not blame the customer or avoid your own responsibility. Instead, apologize clearly and directly for your customer's problem. They will appreciate it, and an apology is a first step in approaching a resolution to make you and your customer happy. It is especially effective if you pair an apology with the beginnings of a proactive solution. You might say:\n\t* \"I am so sorry for your frustration. Let's work together to solve this matter.\" \"I would like to apologize on behalf of the company that your product never arrived. I will make sure that you receive a replacement shortly.\" \"I absolutely understand your frustration, and I am sorry for any trouble we might have caused. How can we make this better for you?\"\n6. Follow company grievance resolution procedure. Most large companies have policies to resolve the most common customer complaints such as defective products, undelivered products, or delayed services. Ideally the procedure should be one that protects the interest of both the customer and the company by weeding out illegitimate complaints and by granting customers recompense if their complaints is legitimate. It is easiest for you and your customer if you have a grievance procedure that is fair, simple, and fast. Technology can be very helpful in this regard: a website where customers can file complaints will make it easier for you and for them to reach a mutually beneficial solution.\n7. Implement the solution immediately. An immediate solution to a complaint can improve customer loyalty by 25%. Try to eliminate delays in refunding your customer's money, replacing their product, or giving them store credit. Make it possible for your staff members to undertake these transactions on the spot and in the store if possible. Common solutions include:\n\t* Refunding their money\n\t* Allowing them to exchange their product\n\t* Redelivering a delayed product\n\t* Redoing a service that was improperly done the first time, free of charge\n\t* Giving them store credit and future discounts\n8. Hire courteous, competent customer service employees. These jobs are an important part of maintaining your customer base and keeping up goodwill. Make sure that your customer service employees are problem-solvers who do not anger easily. Moreover, give them the leeway to solve customer grievance procedures on their own if possible: give them the power to resolve complaints on their own without referring customers to management. This will empower your customers and eliminate time delays.\n9. Follow up with your customer. A week or so after you have implemented the resolution, get in touch with your customer to see whether they are now satisfied. This is a great opportunity to apologize once again for their trouble and to thank them for their business. Hopefully they are now happy and will continue doing business with you.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to feel happy when christmas is over?", + "input": "", + "output": "Christmas season is filled with excitement and fun. Families come together to celebrate and exchange gifts, and decorations change the landscape of cities and towns. Once the holiday is over, however, the lack of excitement can leave you feeling down. Get back into a good mood by being thankful for your good times, planning for the next holiday or picking up a new hobby.\n\n## Be thankful\n\n1. Reflect on the holiday. When you feel sad that the holiday is over, cheer yourself up by thinking about all of the good times that you had. There are bound to be a lot of great memories from the holiday, so focus on those when you feel upset. Go through photographs from the holiday. If you're from a family that takes a lot of photographs or videos of family gatherings, look through some of them if you're feeling low after the holidays. They'll be a great reminder of all of the fun you had. Talk to the people you celebrated with. It's never to early to begin reminiscing. Speak with your friends and family members that celebrated with you and talk about the good times at Christmas. They're bound to be able to cheer you up with a funny story from the holiday.\n2. Get excited about your gifts. While gifts aren't the only good thing about the holidays, they can make make you happy when you're sad about the holiday ending. Play with toys or gadgets, read books, and make use of all of the gifts you've been given. They'll be a welcome distraction.\n3. Spend your Christmas money. If you received money or gift cards, go out and treat yourself. You'll be cheered up by new purchases, and you may be able to forget that the holiday is over. Go out to eat or visit stores for a good distraction.\n4. Write thank you notes. Send messages to the people who got you gifts and thank them for a great holiday. Not only will you be doing a good deed, but you'll be recalling memories of the times that made you happy. Use the notes to talk about how much you enjoyed the holidays, and how you can't wait to spend time together next year.\n\n\n## Plan for the next holiday\n\n1. Replace decorations. Decorations are one of the best parts of Christmas, but if you leave them up, it may make you even more sad that the holiday is over. Even worse, the empty walls left behind by decorations you've stored may make you feel even more sad. Find creative ways to redecorate your house now that the holiday is over. Buy some plants. Greenery will spruce up your home, and you'll be able to care for the plants throughout the coming spring. Buy a new poster or painting. Large Christmas decorations like wreaths or wall-hangings can be replaced with a new poster or painting. Look for something colorful and exciting to accent your home. With a new piece of art where your decorations were, you may not even notice that your wreath is gone. Put up pictures from Christmas. Replace some of your Christmas decorations with photos from the holiday. You'll have a reminder of the good times to replace the actual decorations. Decorate for winter. Winter can be a beautiful time of year if you learn to appreciate it. Decorate your home for the season with a lot of white items, vases accented with twigs, snowflake decorations and evergreen sprigs.\n2. Plan for New Year's. Christmas may be over, but New Years is right around the corner. Plan a New Years party to get into the spirit of a different holiday. Invite any family and friends that visited for Christmas and you'll get to spend more time with them.\n3. Plan for next Christmas. While it may seem a little early to be get ready for another Christmas, it may be helpful to think about what your next Christmas will be like. Make some invitations, and plan what gifts you will give to others. Your plans might change throughout the course of the year, but you'll be able to make your plans into a good distraction.\n\n\n## Pick up a new hobby\n\n1. Exercise. Exercising will put you in a much better mood and help you burn off some of the extra Christmas-food calories. Go for a jog, lift weights or play a sport with some friends. If you live in a cold climate, January might be too chilly for much outdoor activity, so look into a gym membership or indoor sports leagues.\n2. Start a new hobby. If you've received any hobby-oriented Christmas gifts like paints, kitchen utensils or a new video game, put them to use. Throwing yourself into a new hobby and learning a new skill will help take your mind off of your sadness.\n3. Volunteer. Volunteering can help you keep your Christmas spirit alive as you help those in need. Look into helping out local soup kitchens, shelters or charities that distribute winter clothes. You'll be able to help others through the winter and take your mind off of the end of the Christmas season.\n4. Try to keep a positive attitude. While it may be depressing that Christmas is over, always try to keep up a good attitude. Remember that this Christmas isn't the last one you'll ever have, and focus on things that make you happy as much as possible. It may be especially hard to keep a positive attitude if you have to go back to work. However, think of your return to work as a blank slate and new beginning. Remind yourself that you can start back to work at a slow pace and catch up on your own time.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to save money when traveling with kids?", + "input": "", + "output": "Traveling with kids can be a fun and exciting for the whole family. It can also be expensive, especially if you want to travel overseas or across the country. Between transportation, accommodations, and excursions, you may worry how you will be able to afford to travel with kids and ensure everyone has a good time. To save money when travelling with kids, focus on cheaper transportation options and affordable accommodations. You can also plan excursions and activities that will be affordable and fun for all.\n\n## Choose cheaper transportation options\n\n1. Drive rather than fly. To save money on transportation costs, consider planning an old fashioned road trip with the kids. The price of gas will likely be cheaper than paying for multiple plane tickets, especially if you have a large family. Try to travel with at least two people who can drive so you can drive in shifts, especially if the drive will be long. To keep the peace in the backseat while on the road trip, make sure you bring lots of snacks and games for the kids. Keep them occupied with music and singalongs in the car. This way, you can all travel in peace, cheaply.\n2. Use points to book cheaper flights. If you do want to fly to your destination as a family, be sure to use any points or reward miles that you have accumulated to book your plane tickets. Set up a rewards system for air travel through your credit card or through a rewards card for a specific airline. Always check to see if you can use points to reduce the cost of plane tickets or to get better deals on flights. You should also do your research on possible flight options so you can find the cheapest one. Compare flight prices online. Watch for flight deals and book them right away so you get a more affordable price.\n3. Consider taking the train. If train travel is an option, look into train prices to see if it will be affordable. You can often buy rail passes that you can use for many days at a time and there is usually cheaper family pricing. Train travel may be a good option if you are planning to travel across the country, such as within Europe or within a specific area in the U.S. Some train passes also cover admission to certain attractions and excursions in the area you are travelling to. This may be a good option if you want to also save money on attractions for the whole family during your trip.\n4. Take public transit as a family. Public transit, such as buses, light rail, and trams, are ideal if you want to save money when traveling with kids. Get a public transit pass as a family and use it to get around, especially if you are traveling to major cities or destinations. Often, public transit can be a great way to interact with the locals and see different areas from the comfort of your seat. Most public transit passes can be purchased by day or for multiple days. They are often $10 or less, depending on where you are travelling.\n\n\n## Select affordable accommodations\n\n1. Travel during the off-season or shoulder-season. Travelling during the off-season can make your travel expenses more affordable, especially transportation and accommodation costs. Going on your trip during the off-season, usually the fall months, will make hotels and other accommodations cheaper than during peak season. Consider booking your trip during the off-season or during shoulder-season, the time between peak and off-peak. For example, if you’re planning a trip to Walt Disney World, the shoulder-season is May and September, where crowds are thinner and accommodations are more affordable.\n2. Book a home share or a rental property. Finding cheap accommodations when you have kids can be a challenge, especially if you want a space larger than a hotel room. Consider renting a house through online rental property sites. Often, a home rental will have an affordable nightly rate or week by week rate. Having a home rental will also help you to also save money by cooking your own meals and not having to pay for parking, if the home rental has a parking spot already. A home share, where you share a home with other people or another family, can also be an affordable option. You may travel with family and friends and share a large home rental together to cut down on costs.\n3. Use hotel points to book a hotel. If you decide to stay in a hotel while travelling, use hotel points to make it more affordable. Collect points over time through your credit card or another rewards card and use the points to reduce your hotel rates. Try to book a hotel during off-season or shoulder-season so you get a more affordable rate. Sometimes booking a hotel during the week instead of the weekend can be a cheaper option. You can also try looking online for deals on hotels and book it before you leave on your trip. Often rates are cheaper online and booking in advance may save you money.\n4. Go for a family travel package that includes accommodations. If you are traveling to a destination that is known to be popular with kids and families, such as Disneyland, look for travel packages. Travel packages often include airfare and accommodations at a reduced rate. This could be a good way for you to save money and not have to worry about booking your own accommodations, as it is included in the package. If you are travelling to a tropical destination, such as Mexico, you may look into travel packages where you stay at a family friendly resort. Resort packages often include airfare and accommodations.\n5. See if you can stay with friends or family. To really save money on accommodations, see if you can all stay with friends or family who live near your destination. You may plan a trip to see friends or family members who have larger homes where you can all stay together. Or you may set up a blow up mattress that you can then use when staying with family or friends to make your accommodations very cheap.\n\n\n## Plan affordable excursions and activities\n\n1. Book excursions in advance to save money. Do your research and make a list of excursions you want to go to with the kids. Then, book these excursions in advance, if possible. Often, booking excursions in advance can get you a cheaper rate. It will also put less stress on you to figure out things to do once you arrive at your destination. You should also check for family pricing when booking excursions. Often, booking excursions as a group or a family can make them cheaper.\n2. Find free, fun activities for the kids. Excursions can be expensive, even with family pricing. To save money, look for free, fun activities for your kids. Research activities online in the area you are staying in, focusing on those that are free or very cheap. Come up with a fun, free activity for the kids to do while you are traveling. For example, you may book a free tour of the city you are staying in for you and the kids. Or you may take the kids to a play area at the resort you are staying in for free activities. You can also bring books and games from home with you on the trip so the kids have things to do while in the car or in the hotel.\n3. Bring snacks and light meals on excursions. To save money during excursions and activities, make sure you pack snacks and light meals. This way, if your kids get hungry, you have snacks on hand and can avoid eating out all the time. Buy snacks in bulk when you get to your destination. Prepare a few light meals that travel well and bring them when you are out for the day with the kids. For example, healthy snacks like nuts, sliced fruit, and granola bars are all good options. Light meals like sandwiches, mini yogurts, and sliced vegetables are also good for travel.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make the most of your physical therapy?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Physical therapy payments\n\n1. Ask your doctor to recommend the best physical therapist for your condition. Many people have to decide based on who their insurance will cover; however, some physical therapists specialize in certain conditions and can offer expertise that an insurance-covered physical therapist cannot. Choose based on what you can afford and how important your timely recovery is.\n2. Call your insurance to ask how many visits are covered. Many insurance plans have caps on physical therapy treatments, from 10 to 35. After severe injuries, you may be able to apply to the insurance company for more treatments, if they are absolutely necessary.\n3. Ask the physical therapy office if you can have a discounted rate, if you are paying out of pocket. Insurance companies often get a discounted rate, so they may afford you the same price. Ask the physical therapist directly, rather than the secretary, because it is the physical therapist that is agreeing to alter their wages.\n\n\n## Physical therapy sessions\n\n1. Have a positive attitude toward physical therapy. Will power and optimism during a recovery are almost as important as doctor's care. Your commitment to the exercises will have a direct correlation to the swiftness and completeness of your recovery.\n2. Wear athletic shoes and loose-fitting, flexible clothing to all physical therapy sessions. If you have to go to your session straight from work, then keep spare exercise clothing in your bag or car. This type of clothing allows you the full range of motion in your exercises and keeps your regular clothes clear of analgesic creams or massage oils.\n3. Drink plenty of water while you are exercising. Although this is a general rule, it is even more important when you are healing from an injury. Stay hydrated throughout the day and bring a water bottle to your session.\n4. Show up early to each appointment. Your physical therapist may allow you to warm up before the session, on a machine or by stretching. This also makes certain that you are never late, because you will be charged for the session from the moment your appointment time arrives. Make sure to be 15 minutes early for your first appointment. You will need to fill out insurance and health forms. Bring a list of your medications and other current treatments.\n5. Discuss your goals with your physical therapist at your first meeting. Pain and injury are different for everyone, so you must make it clear whether you want to return to work, get rid of pain, walk without weight supports or run a marathon. Tell the physical therapist how many sessions you can afford, so the plan can be adjusted for what you will do during your sessions and what you can continue at home. Remember that this may need to be adjusted on the future, based on your progress. In most cases, the harder you work doing prescribed exercises at home, the fewer office sessions you will need to have.\n6. Ask your physical therapist to give you a list of prescribed exercises, with diagrams. They should establish what and when you should be doing each exercise, so that you are clear about your \"homework.\" Ask the physical therapist to show you each exercise as well as having you do repetitions in the office.\n7. Tell your physical therapist whenever something is painful. Mistakes can be made if you do not communicate properly about your pain levels. The physical therapist can also tell you what pain is natural to the healing process and what is unnatural, allowing the exercises to be adjusted.\n8. Ask to be treated by the same physical therapist every time. This provides consistency, familiarity and a greater chance that you will be able to accomplish your goals.\n9. Ask plenty of questions. You must be proactive about your treatment. If you don't understand why you are doing something or how you should do something, you are more likely to refrain from the exercise and fail to progress.\n10. Report your progress at the beginning of each physical therapy session. Make sure you tell your therapist any new pain or problems, as well as your positive progress. They will usually write this on your chart to ensure you won't have complications from the regime.\n11. Leave your cell phone and personal problems at the door when you go to physical therapy. You must use this valuable time to focus on health and your body. You may need to learn to recognize your body's warning signs, which is hard to do when you are distracted.\n\n\n## Physical therapy at home\n\n1. Create a schedule to do your physical therapy exercises at home. Do not leave it up to chance whether you have the time or not. They are as important as doctor-prescribed medicine and should be treated as a priority during your day.\n2. Set aside a space to do physical therapy. Keep a corner of your home ready with a yoga mat or exercise ball, so that you can do a few repetitions when you have some free time. This will help you get into the mentality of exercise as a lifestyle choice.\n3. Take the prescribed therapy exercises seriously. If you are advised to do them once per day, do them every day, and if you are asked to do them 3 times per day, do them 3 times per day. Frequent exercises are usually prescribed when there is a limited time for you to regain your mobility during the healing process, and they should be treated with gravity.\n4. Progress to more repetitions or sets as you get stronger. Many physical therapists will tell you to add 5 repetitions or 1 more set when the exercise becomes easy. You may also be asked to add more weight to your exercises.\n5. Ask the physical therapist for an appropriate regimen to continue after you no longer attend sessions. They should be able to adjust an exercise regime according to your particular health problems. Establish goals that you should reach 3 months, 6 months and a year into the future.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make a paper mosaic?", + "input": "", + "output": "Mosaics were traditionally made with bits of tile or glass, but it is possible to make simple ones using paper. They are a great project for school children to do while learning about different cultures throughout history. They are also a great project to do on a rainy day or over summer vacation. You can make paper mosaic masterpieces to frame and hang. You can also make paper mosaic masks to wear!\n\n## Make a simple paper mosaic\n\n1. Get some sheets of paper in different colors. Construction paper is the most popular, but you can also use scrapbook paper, paint chips, magazine pages, or even cereal boxes! What colors you need depends on your design. You don't have to use all of the colors of the rainbow. You could just use different shades of the same color, such as: light blue, medium blue, and dark blue.\n2. Cut the paper into small pieces to make your tiles. The pieces should be small, about the size of your thumbnail. You can make squares, rectangles, triangles, or even thin strips. The pieces don't have to be the same size. In fact, try to cut some smaller ones too. This way, you can fit them into tight corners. Sort your shapes by color and put them into small piles or cups. This will make it easier to find the color you need.\n3. Start gluing the pieces of paper to the outline of a shape. Lightly draw a simple shape on a sheet of paper, which will be the outline for your mosaic. When you start gluing the pieces on it, leave a small gap between each one. You can apply the glue directly to the sheet of paper, or you can apply it to the back of your tile instead. If you are using irregular shapes, including triangles, make sure that the straightest edge is on the outside of the outline—otherwise, your shape will look jagged. If you are using white school glue, apply it with a paintbrush. This will keep things less messy. If you are applying the glue directly to the paper, work only in small sections at a time, or the glue will dry too fast.\n4. Glue the rest of your tiles to the inside of your shape. If your shape has designs on the inside, like spots on a butterfly wing, outline those designs first with more tiles before filling them in. Don't be afraid to cut some pieces down to help them fit! For a more professional touch, continue aligning the pieces along the outline, going smaller and smaller with each row until you reach the center.\n5. Consider filling in the background, if desired, using a contrasting color. This will make your work stand out. If you used different colors for your shape (this includes different shades of the same color), consider using just one color for the background. This will make your shape the focus. You can also leave the background blank.\n6. Set the mosaic out to dry. If you'd like to make your mosaic last longer, coat it with an acrylic sealer or a brush-on decoupage glue, such as Mod Podge. Let it dry before moving on.\n7. Finished.\n\n\n## Make a paper mosaic mask\n\n1. Draw a large oval or rectangle on a sheet of black paper. The shape needs to be just a little bit larger than your head. Don't cut anything out yet. Use poster paper, construction paper, or cardstock for this.\n2. Draw some shapes for the eyes, nose, and mouth. You will be cutting the eyes out, so figure out where your eyes will be when you put the mask on, and place them accordingly. Keep the nose and moth simple; you will be filling them in with tiles. A triangle for the nose and a rectangle or sausage shape for the mouth would be perfect!\n3. Cut some colored paper into small tiles. You can use construction paper, scrapbook paper, or paint chips for this. The shapes can be squares, rectangles, triangles, or even a combination of all three. They can be different sizes, but try to make them no larger than your thumbnail. You will need at least two different colors for this: one color for the mask and a contrasting color for the nose and mouth. For a different look, paint your own paper, let it dry, then cut it out. Sort your shapes by color. This will make it easier to find the color you need.\n4. Start gluing your paper tiles to the edge of your mask. Leave a small gap between each tile, and make sure that it doesn't go past the edges of the paper shape. You can use a glue stick or white school glue. If you are using white school glue, apply it using a paint brush. This will make things less messy.\n5. Glue some more tiles to the inside edges of the nose and mouth. This way, your nose and mouth won't be too big. Remember to leave a slight gap between each tile. For a cleaner finish, align any straight edges with the outline, and keep pointy edges on the inside of the shape. Use your contrasting color(s) for this. It will help them stand out better.\n6. Outline the outside of the eyes with more tiles, if desired. Don't fill the eyes in. You will be cutting them out later. You can use the same color you will use for the inside of the mask, or you can use a contrasting color.\n7. Start filling in your mask with tiles. You can glue them down randomly, or you can follow the curves of the outlines as you work your way towards the center. Remember to leave slight gaps between each tile. Use your contrasting color for the nose and mouth.\n8. Let your mask dry. If you'd like to make your mask last longer, you can seal it with a clear, acrylic sealer or a brush-on decoupage glue, such as Mod Podge. Remember to let the mask dry after sealing it.\n9. Cut the mask and the eyes out. If you are a child, ask an adult to help you cut the eyes out. You can cut the mask itself out using a pair of scissors, but you will need a shape craft knife (such as an Xacto knife) to cut the eyes out.\n10. Punch some holes to either side of the mask, and thread some ribbon or elastic through them. The holes should be at about ear level, or just where the eyes are on your mask. This will make the mask more comfortable to wear.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to slow down as a busy traveler?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Prepare for low-stress travel\n\n1. Prepare a packing list ahead of time. Packing your bags can be one of the most frantic and stressful aspects of travel–not to mention one that’s often left until the last minute. To slow down this aspect of your traveling, create a packing list months in advance of your trip. Write down travel necessities (clothes, passport, computer) first, and add new items to the list when they come to mind. Don’t throw away your list after you return from your trip. A well-made travel list can serve you for years, since you’ll typically take the same items with you from one trip to the next. Consider laminating your packing list and placing it in your suitcase or backpack, so you won’t have to search for it each time you’re planning a new trip.\n2. Pack well in advance, and travel light. To slow down the speed of your travel preparation and to avoid stress, start packing in advance. Although some items—such as clothes and toiletries—may need to be packed the day before you leave, others can be set aside weeks in advance. This will allow you to pack more slowly, and decrease travel-associated stress. As a busy traveler, it’s also important that you travel light. This will help you move with less stress through busy airports, security lines, and bus terminals. Packing light will also help you focus on the places you’re traveling to see, as you won’t be weighed down by several heavy bags. Only focus on bringing the essentials; you can always pick up incidental objects on your trip.\n3. Consider booking through a travel agent. Especially if you’re planning a long trip—or several short trips—with multiple destinations, hotel stays, rental cars, and other logistics, plan to talk with a travel agent. Although the profession may seem outdated, an agent can put together all of these bookings for you, so that you’re not searching through countless travel websites on your own time. For long, complex trips, working with a travel agent could also save you money. Your travel agent may be able to find lucrative deals that you wouldn’t have access to, or may know ways to package flight, hotel, and rental car purchases together to decrease the cost.\n\n\n## Slow down while you’re travel\n\n1. Let the hotel front desk staff do some of the work. A large part of the headache of fast-paced travel comes from the plethora of details that can consume your time and generate stress. Rather than micro-managing each detail yourself, seek assistance from the front-desk staff or hotel concierge. For example, ask the front desk of your hotel to make you a dinner reservation, call you a cab, or put together an outline of a travel plan for a day. Especially if you’re traveling with children, you’ll need to rely on others around you to make your trip less stressful and busy. Ask the front desk staff for restaurant recommendations, and recommendations of local activities that are fun for children.\n2. Schedule in “required” extra time for delays. As a busy traveler, you’ll often have a tight schedule to keep: flight times, bus schedules, and train timetables may be your first priority. However, delays are an unfortunate but inevitable part of travel. Slow down your travel schedule by allowing extra time around all plane, bus, and train travel, and you’ll find yourself feeling less busy and enjoying your travel time more. By accepting that delays are a part of travel, you can save yourself stress and worry. You can also pan to be productive during your delays—call ahead to alert the hotel that you’ll be arriving late, or if you have a longer delay, walk around a local neighborhood to absorb the culture.\n3. Plan to do fewer activities. This may seem like an intuitive step, but it’s one that many busy travelers forget. Rather than filling your time when you’re traveling with a dozen plans, which will leave you feeling rushed and drained, simplify your trip and only do the three or four activities that you’re most excited about. For example, if a city is known for its world-class art museum but you’d rather spend the day exploring a local forest, don’t feel obliged to do both. Stick with the forest. Filling your time with fewer activities—but ones that are more interesting, pleasurable, and meaningful to you as an individual—will help you slow down your travel pace. This will allow you to savor and enjoy each activity more.\n\n\n## Use slow-paced travel methods\n\n1. Slow down your method of travel by staying on the ground. If you’re used to traveling primarily by plane—a fast-paced, high-stress mode of travel—look into alternate options. For example, a road trip is a great way to see local attractions and parts of a country or region that you haven’t visited before. A road trip also allows you to slow down and travel at your own leisurely pace. If you’ve never traveled by train, it can be an excellent way to slow down the pace of your travel and have more local-color experiences while traveling. Train travel moves at a leisurely pace, and you won’t have to worry about catching connecting flights or navigating unfamiliar—and stressful—airports.\n2. Take a local approach and travel somewhere nearby. You can also slow down the busy pace of your travel by focusing on in-depth exploration of a single local city, town, or region, rather than traveling across the country or world. Treating your own local environment like a travel destination will allow you to absorb local color that you haven’t noticed before, and you’ll be able to avoid the stressful tourist traps that draw inexperienced travelers in new cities and countries. As long as you’re traveling locally, you can try eating locally too. If there’s a farmer’s market open in the area, do your shopping there; you’ll doubtlessly be surprised by the varieties of local food that you’ve never sampled before. You don’t have to stay in your own house to explore a local area. Look into local AirBnBs, traditional Bed and Breakfasts, and “mom and pop”-type hotel: say, within 30 miles of where you live.\n3. Take an affordable cruise. A cruise offers many conveniences that will help you keep your travel slow paced and not too stressful. The cruise ship will offer you a “home base” to start your daily explorations from, so you won’t have to worry about rushing from hotel to hotel, or from AirBnB to AirBnB. Cruise ships tend to travel at a moderate pace, giving their customers plenty of time to explore local cities and sites. The cruise will also confine you to a single region, which is beneficial to a slow-paced, low-stress travel plan. To book a cruise, first check large travel websites, including Expedia and Priceline. You can also book cruises directly through the websites of large providers, such as Carnival and Royal Caribbean Cruise. If you travel with several family members or friends, the cruise line may offer you a group discount. Cruises can be surprisingly inexpensive, especially if booked for the off season.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to survive an earthquake?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Take cover indoors\n\n1. Get away from glass, large furniture, and other hazards, if possible. In the first few seconds after the shaking starts, try to quickly move away from anything that could fall and injure you. Get low and walk or crawl away from hazards such as windows, cabinets, televisions, and bookcases. If you're in a crowded public place, such as a store, do not rush toward the exits, even if you see lots of people doing so. Get away from display racks, glass, and exterior walls, and find a covered spot to take shelter. Remember the phrase “Drop, Cover, Hold on,” which is the course of action recommended by U.S. and international emergency management organizations.\n2. Drop to your hands and knees under a sturdy table or desk. Look for a sturdy piece of furniture, such as a solid table, that can offer cover from falling objects. Get down on your hands and knees, and crouch under the desk or table until the shaking stops. If you're in bed during an earthquake, stay there. Brace yourself, and protect your head and neck with a pillow. If you can't get under a sturdy table or desk, take cover in an interior corner of the building. Don't stand in a doorway. This is was recommended in the past, but you're safer under a sturdy table or crouched in a corner. A doorway doesn't offer much protection from falling or flying objects, which cause the most earthquake-related injuries and deaths.\n3. Protect your head and neck from falling debris. If possible, grab a pillow, sofa cushion, or another object to shield your face and head. If there's nothing nearby to use as a shield, cover your face, head, and neck with your hands and arms. A strong earthquake can kick up clouds of dangerous dust. If this is the case, you should also cover your nose and mouth with a handkerchief or an article of clothing.\n4. Remain in your safe spot until the shaking stops. Stay put until the shaking has stopped for 1 or 2 minutes. Remain on guard when you get up, as aftershocks can occur at any time after an earthquake. In the event of an earthquake, you and your family (or coworkers, if you're at work) should meet in a designated safe location. Create an action plan in advance, and head to the designated meeting place once the shaking has stopped. If an aftershock occurs, drop, cover, and hold on until it stops.\n5. Use caution around debris after leaving your shelter. Watch out for broken glass and rubble. If you're not wearing shoes, tread lightly, and be extremely careful not to injure yourself. Grab a pair of heavy-soled shoes and, if you're wearing light clothing, put on a pair of pants and a long-sleeved shirt. In a strong earthquake, remember to cover your mouth to avoid inhaling dust, especially if you have a history of any respiratory diseases. If you're trapped, don't shout, as you'd risk inhaling dust. Instead, send a text or call emergency services, tap on a hard surface, or, if you have one, blow a whistle to alert first responders of your location.\n6. Check for injuries and render aid, if needed. Call emergency services if you or someone nearby are injured and need medical attention. If you know first aid or CPR, administer emergency care as needed. To perform CPR, place one hand over the center of the person's chest, and hold your other hand over the first. Keep your arms straight as you press directly into their chest at a rate of about 100 beats per minute. Stop bleeding by applying direct pressure to the wound. Pack the wound with sterile gauze or a clean cloth and apply firm pressure. If firm pressure doesn't stop the bleeding, use a belt, article of clothing, or bandages to fashion a tourniquet. Wrap the tourniquet 2 to 3 in (5.1 to 7.6 cm) above the wound toward the torso. For a wound on the thigh, wrap the tourniquet above the wound near the groin to limit the amount of blood flowing from the heart. If someone is seriously injured or unconscious, don't move them unless the building is structurally unsound or they're otherwise in immediate danger.\n7. Inspect the building for structural damage and hazards. Check for cracks in the building's structure, fires, the smell of gas, and damaged wires or electrical appliances. If you believe the building is unsound, evacuate immediately. If possible, and if there's no immediate threat that the building will collapse, respond to any utility hazards. If you smell gas or hear a blowing or hissing noise, open a window and quickly leave the building. Turn off the gas at the main valve outside and call the gas company. Note that a professional will be needed to restore service. Look for signs of electrical damage, including sparks, broken or frayed wires, and burning smells. If possible, turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit breaker. If you'd have to step in water to access the fuse box or circuit breaker, call an electrician instead of approaching it yourself. Put out any small fires with a fire extinguisher. If there's a larger fire, call emergency services. Evacuate immediately if there's a fire and you smell gas. Don't drink water from the sink, bathe, or use the toilet until your local authorities have advised that it's safe to do so. Plug the drains in sinks and bathtubs to prevent sewage backflow.\n\n\n## Rid it out in a vehicle\n\n1. Stop in a clear area away from trees, buildings, and other structures. Find an open area and stop your vehicle on the shoulder or side of the road. Get as far away as you can from utility poles, large structures, bridges, and any other potential hazards. Pay attention to surrounding traffic, and stop only when it's safe to do so. Don't stop abruptly, or vehicles to the rear might collide with you.\n2. Set your parking brake and wait until the shaking stops. The car may jiggle violently during an earthquake, but stay put and try to remain calm. You're safer in a car than outside, since vehicles offer protection from debris and falling objects. Turn on your radio, as channels should be broadcasting emergency broadcast information.\n3. Beware of damaged roads, debris, and other hazards when you continue driving. Listen for reports of road closures or hazards on the emergency broadcast. When the shaking stops, resume driving and keep your eye out for damaged roadways, sinkholes, unsound bridges, and any other potential hazards. If a power line has fallen on your vehicle or you're otherwise unable to travel, stay put. Call emergency services, and wait for first responders.\n\n\n## Stay safe outdoors\n\n1. Move away from buildings, street lights, power lines, and bridges. The most dangerous locations during an earthquake are areas immediately around buildings. As soon as the ground begins shaking, try to get as far away as possible from any nearby structures. Stay low to the ground to keep your balance as you get to a safe spot, and keep your eye out for falling debris. Do not seek shelter under a bridge or overpass. Additionally, look out for sinkholes, open faults, or large holes in the ground.\n2. Crouch down low in a wide open area until the shaking stops. Once you've made your way away from nearby structures, get on your hands and knees and cover your head. See if there are any objects nearby to use as a shield, such as a trash can lid. If none are available, cover your head and neck with your hands and arms. Remain crouched low to the ground in a covered position until the shaking stops.\n3. Watch out for hazards as you assess your surroundings. As you venture out after the earthquake, beware of broken glass, rubble, downed power lines, fallen trees, and any other potential hazards. Check yourself and anyone nearby for injuries. If necessary, administer first aid and call emergency services. Stay away from damaged structures and areas immediately around buildings. Remember that aftershocks may occur. If there's an aftershock, weakened buildings, windows, and architectural details can fall to the ground.\n4. Get to higher ground if you're on the shore or near a dam. If a shaking lasts more than 20 seconds, don't wait for an alarm or warning to flee. Get to ground that's at least 100 ft (30 m) above sea level or 2 mi (3.2 km) from the shore. Earthquakes can cause tsunamis, so put distance between yourself and the coast. While a catastrophic failure is unlikely, earthquake damage can cause flooding downstream from a dam. If you live in a flood zone, proceed to higher ground. Check evacuation plans in advance if you live near a dam in an earthquake-prone area.\n\n\n## Prepare for an earthquake\n\n1. Make an emergency supply kit. Keep your supplies in an easily accessible spot, such as a hall closet or garage. Make sure every member of your family knows where your emergency supplies are located. Keep the following items on hand:\n\t* Enough bottled water and non-perishable food to last 3 days. A first aid kit, including gauze, alcohol or hydrogen peroxide, tweezers, ibuprofen or another pain reliever, cotton swabs, anti-diarrhea medication, sanitary napkins, and eyewash. Medications that any members of your family take regularly. A flashlight and extra batteries. Tools, including a screwdriver and adjustable wrench. A whistle, to alert first responders in the event you become trapped. Clothes and blankets. Your pet's food and medication, if you have one.\n2. Create a family survival plan for your home. You and anyone you live with should have a plan to quickly get to safety in the event of an emergency. Instruct every member of your household to drop, cover, and hold on, then to head to a designated meeting location when the shaking stops. Designated spots might be a clearing near your home, a school, community center, or a shelter. Make a plan to reunite ahead of time, as phone service may be limited and should be used only for emergencies. Conduct practice drills every 6 months to ensure you and your loved ones know exactly what to do in the event of an earthquake.\n3. Identify safe spots and hazards in each room of your home. Look for tall cabinets, televisions, dressers, bookcases, hanging plants, and other objects that could fall and cause injury. Go room by room with your family members, and note spots that offer protection and those that are potentially dangerous. For example, if there's a heavy desk in your child's bedroom, tell them to take cover under it. Advise them to stay away from their windows and dresser.\n4. Store dangerous objects in a secure cabinet or on lower shelves. Avoid storing heavy objects high up, and install brackets to secure tall furniture to walls. Keep any dangerous items, such as sharp objects, glass, and flammable or toxic substances in locked or low cabinets. Objects such as knives or corrosive liquids can cause serious injury, especially if they fall from a high storage spot during an earthquake.\n5. Take first-aid and CPR classes to become certified. If someone nearby is hurt in an earthquake, basic knowledge of first aid can be a lifesaver. A CPR certification will prepare you to respond if the worst happens. Look online for nearby classes, or check with a local clinic or Red Cross chapter.\n6. Learn how to shut off the water, the electricity, and the gas. Earthquakes can damage utilities and cause flooding, fires, or explosions. If you're not sure how to shut off your utilities, call your service providers for specific instructions. To shut off electricity, turn off individual circuits or fuses at the main box, then turn off the main circuit or fuse. Your gas main should be near your gas meter, but locations vary. Use an adjustable wrench to turn the valve 1/4 turn clockwise. Your water main should be at your water meter by the street or sidewalk, but it may be inside your home. Turn the valve 1/4 turn clockwise to shut off your water.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to handle poking wires on braces?", + "input": "", + "output": "Poking wires on braces are a very common and irritating problem. These can cause sores and small cuts and abrasions on your gums and cheeks. Reducing discomfort is the first goal of dealing with this problem, followed by fixing the wire. While there are some ways you can fix poking wires at home, you should always see your orthodontist or dentist to follow up. In most cases, your orthodontist will want to replace a broken wire or cut any long pieces of wire that are poking you.\n\n## Use orthodontic wax\n\n1. Get some orthodontic wax. Your orthodontist should have supplied you with some when you got your braces. If you have run out, you can buy it at most pharmacies. Orthodontic wax comes in small cases containing long strips of wax. If you cannot find wax at a pharmacy, call your orthodontist for some.\n2. Remove a small amount of wax from one of the wax strips. It should be about the size of a small pea. Roll the small piece of wax between your fingers until it is a smooth ball. Make sure your hands are clean and dry before touching the wax. Use only new, unused wax on your braces.\n3. Make sure the wire or bracket that is poking you is dry and clean. It can help to brush your teeth carefully to remove any food or debris from the wires, before applying wax. To dry your braces, hold your lips or cheeks away from the area with poking wires. Let it air dry for a few seconds or use sterile gauze and place it between the brackets and the inside surface of your lip to dry. You can now apply the wax.\n4. Apply the orthodontic wax ball to the poking wire. All you have to do is press it onto the offending area. Put the ball of wax on your fingertip. Touch the wax to the poking wire or bracket. Press down gently to cover the wire. Pressure on your teeth or braces while receiving orthodontic treatment can cause some discomfort. If you feel soreness while pressing on the wire this is completely normal.\n5. Remove the wax before eating or brushing your teeth. You don't want the wax to get into your food while you eat. Discard any used wax immediately. Replace it with new wax after eating or brushing your teeth. Continue to use the wax until you can see your orthodontist or dentist to fix the wire. If you do happen to swallow the wax, that's okay. It won't harm you.\n\n\n## Fix a poke wire\n\n1. Try to bend thinner poking wires using the eraser end of a pencil. You won't be able to fix all poking wires this way, but this method will help in many cases. Find the wire in your mouth that is poking you. If it is a thin wire, get a pencil with a clean eraser. Gently touch the eraser to the poking wire. Push the wire gently to bend it. Try to tuck the poking wire behind the arch wire. Only do this for thinner, more flexible wires.\n2. Use tweezers to fix poking wires in the back of your mouth. Sometimes, eating hard foods can cause flexible wires in the back of your mouth to slip out of the bracket slots on the back teeth. If this occurs, you can try to fix these with tweezers. Get a small pair of thin nosed tweezers. Make sure they are clean before using them in your mouth. Grab the end of the poking or loose wire with the tweezers. Guide it back into the tube on the bracket slot. If you can't get the wire back into the slot, you will need to call your orthodontist.\n3. Fix broken laces that poke your lips using tweezers and pliers. You will need to see your orthodontist to follow up for a replacement. If the wire lacing of your braces is broken in the front of your mouth, you can try to tuck the broken lace behind the arch wire or around a bracket. Use tweezers to bend the wire away from your lips and cheeks. If the lace is on top of the arch wire you can can also remove it by cutting it with pliers. This is only recommended as a last option and should be followed by a visit to the orthodontist as soon as possible.\n\n\n## Treat cut and sores\n\n1. Use a rinse to clean your mouth. This can help to treat any sores or cuts caused by poking wires. Dissolve one teaspoon of salt in one cup of lukewarm water. Use this as a mouthwash by swishing around your mouth for 60 seconds. This may sting at first, but it will help to relieve prolonged discomfort and prevent infection. Repeat this four to six times a day.\n2. Avoid foods that are acidic, sugary, or hard to eat. Instead, eat a soft, bland diet. Eat foods such as mashed potatoes, yogurt, and soups. Avoid coffee, spicy foods, chocolate, citrus fruits or juices, nuts, seeds, and tomatoes. These foods are high in acid and can aggravate any sores or cuts from your wires.\n3. Drink cold water or iced tea. Cold (unsweetened) beverages can help ease the pain from sores. Use a straw to sip a cold drink, taking care not to scrape the cut or sore. You can also eat popsicles to apply cold to the sore. Alternatively, suck on an ice cube. Let the ice sit on the cut or sore for a few seconds at a time.\n4. Put an oral anesthetic gel onto any sores or cuts. These can help relieve any discomfort from poking wires temporarily. You can buy Orajel or Anbesol at most pharmacies. Put a small amount of the gel on the end of a q-tip. Rub the gel over any sores or cuts in your mouth. You can reapply the gel three or four times each day.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to find out if your friend's crush is crushing back?", + "input": "", + "output": "Navigating the depths of love is hard to say the least. This is especially true when you're trying to be a good friend and tasked with investigating the true feelings of a friend's crush. With some intuition and old-fashioned honesty, you can make the complicated game of love a little bit easier.\n\n## Make honesty work\n\n1. Be up front. The easiest and most effective way is to just ask your friend's crush about their feelings. If you're having trouble working up the courage to ask such a personal question, there's a few ways to make the process easier. Consider the time and place you're going to have the conversation. Make sure the crush is in a comfortable area, probably out of earshot from anyone who could listen in. Be gentle. Don't use confrontational lines, such as \"Everyone knows you like Ryan. Just come out and say it!\" Instead, you might say \"You seem really happy around Ryan. Do you think you might have feelings for him?\" Don't pry too much if they seem uncomfortable. If the crush seems to get embarrassed during your conversation, back off a bit. They may need time before they're willing to divulge such sensitive feelings.\n2. Ask about their love life. Instead of asking the crush directly about your friend, try starting with their love life in general. Ask to see if they're dating anyone or if they're currently looking to find a love interest.\n3. Ask about your friend in a platonic way. Ask your friend's crush less leading questions about your friend, and see if they naturally bring up their potential attraction. Try questions such as, \"So how did you and Cayla meet?\" or \"How long have you known each other?\"\n\n\n## Spot a flirt\n\n1. Examine body language. People give off noticeable changes in their movements when they feel attracted to someone. While everyone has their own set of bodily cues, there are some common signs to look out for when someone's crushing. Open postures such as uncrossed legs, open arms, and palms facing up. People will often lean in much closer to a crush when speaking with them in comparison to the personal space they use with platonic friends. Sometimes people will play with their hair, jewelry, or will simply make extended eye contact and smile during their conversations with crushes.\n2. Watch for eye contact. Prolonged eye contact, even for just over a second, is a common sign of either aggression or romantic interest. Pay close attention to how long your friend's crush gazes at your buddy. If they fail to maintain consistent eye contact, then it could be a bad sign for any hopes of a relationship. On the contrary, it's an excellent signal of affection if they constantly stay locked onto each other's eyes during conversations.\n3. Look at their social media communication. See if your friend's crush interacts with your friend frequently on social media accounts such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Pay attention to the language they use with your friend, and see if they use obvious signs such as smiley face or winky face emojis.\n4. Look for compliments. People looking to give off signs of attraction will likely dole out many compliments to their crush. Watch to see if your friend's crush praises them on their talents or academic accomplishments. It's important to note that being complimentary isn't always a sign of affection, so it's crucial to pay attention to the frequency of their praise and admiration. Compliments on physical features are an especially key sign of flirting. Did your friend's crush notice their new glasses, haircut, or workout routine? Flirts tend to notice these subtle changes and point them out to convey affection. Sexual innuendos laced in jokes and conversations can also be not-so-subtle signs of a flirt's desire to spice up conversations with the person of their desire.\n5. Listen for references on their availability. Flirts will commonly drop hints in conversations that reflect their relationship status, such as mentioning they're recently single or how lonely they've been.\n6. Understand different kinds of flirts. Some people may flirt very openly and little guessing is required, while others can be introverted flirts with more subtle signs of affection. Physical flirts rely on body language cues to convey their feelings. They often use physical signs of affection before verbal cues, such as eye contact and playful touching. Traditional flirts tend to be more polite, preferring to convey affection over a longer period of time instead of using flashy and overt statements such as saying they're single or rubbing their crush's arm. These flirts also prefer professional environments like bookstores or study groups to build relationships over parties. Playful flirts use very clear signs of affection in a boisterous manner. For example, they may joke excessively in a sexual way with their crush or make bold physical complements about their crush's appearance.\n7. Talk to your crush's friends. Find out who your crush's friends are and ask around to see if what the status of the crush's feelings are. Chances are if the crush is significant the word has already made its way around to people.\n\n\n## Give your friend confidence\n\n1. Give them affirmations. Another solution is to give your friend enough confidence ask their crush directly so you don't have to do the leg work. Discreetly feed your friend affirmations such as, \"Everyone knows how confident you are, why not put it to use and ask Nicki how she feels?\" Congratulate them on little steps, such as starting small talk with their crush or asking them for help with some schoolwork. Give them support even when they falter. If they lose their nerve to talk to their crush at a party, let them know it's okay to be afraid sometimes and that there will be other opportunities to develop a relationship.\n2. Help them improve. If they feel uncomfortable with their body or lifestyle, start supporting healthy habits. Go to the gym with your friend, sign up for yoga classes, or start up a diet together.\n3. Listen to their concerns. Sometimes people can gain confidence just by airing out their insecurities. Ask them why they feel uncomfortable confronting their crush, and let them know it's normal to feel anxiety about such an important question.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to prepare a paper presentation?", + "input": "", + "output": "A paper is bad enough, but presentations are even more nerve-wracking. You've got the writing down, but how do you turn it into a dynamic, informative, enjoyable presentation? Why, here's how!\n\n## Guidelines and audience\n\n1. Know the requirements. Each presentation for each class is going to be a bit different. Some instructors will be happy with 3 minutes while others will demand you stand there awkwardly for 7. Have all the guidelines clear when you go to write your presentation. Know how long the speech must be. Know how many points you're required to cover. Know if you must include sources or visuals.\n2. Know your audience. If you're giving a presentation to your classmates, you probably have a rough idea of their knowledge on the topic. But for virtually every other circumstance, you may be in the dark. Either way, cater your paper to make zero assumptions. If you're presenting to people you know, it'll be easy to know what to break down and what to gloss over. But if you're presenting to unknown stockholders or faculty, for instance, you need to know about them and their knowledge levels, too. You may have to break your paper down into its most basic concepts. Find out what you can about their backgrounds.\n3. Know your resources. If you are giving a presentation in a facility you've never visited before, it's best to inquire about what you'll have at your disposal and what you'll need to set up beforehand. Does the facility have a computer and projector screen? Is there a working WiFi connection? Is there a microphone? A podium? Is there someone who can assist you in working the equipment before your presentation?\n\n\n## Script and visuals\n\n1. Create a script for your presentation. Although you could write everything out, it's best to use notes to jog your memory -- you'll sound more like you're talking and be able to make more eye contact. Only have one point per notecard -- that way you won't end up searching the notecard for your information. And don't forget to number the cards in case you get mixed up! And the points on your cards shouldn't match your paper; instead of regurgitating information, discuss why the key points of your paper are important or the different points of view on this topic within the field.\n2. Decide on a limited number of ideas you want your audience to comprehend and remember. To do this, find the most important points in your paper. These are the ones you should be drilling home. The rest of your presentation should be extras not necessarily addressed in your work -- if they've already read the paper, they don't need to be lectured on it. They're there to learn more. Make an outline of the highlights to help you prepare your presentation. As you form the outline, you'll see what aspects of your paper pop out the most and what order they would best be relayed in. As you go through this outline, remove any jargon if it may not be understood.\n3. Design visual aids to make your presentation even better. To help your audience follow along (and for the visual learners), use slides with graphics, charts, and bullet points to make everything a bit more captivating. It can enhance the information in your paper, yes, but it also keeps everyone from wiggling around in their seats. If you have any statistics at all, turn them into graphs. The contrasts will seem more stark when put in pictures before your audience -- numbers are sometimes meaningless. Instead of thinking about 25% and 75%, they'll be thinking about the 50% difference they see before them. If you won't have access to the proper technology, print visual aids on poster board or foam-core board. Presentation software (Powerpoint, etc.) can also double as notecards. Instead of messing with small pieces of paper, you can just click a button to get your next prompt. If using presentation software, use words sparingly, but enough to get your point across. Think in phrases (and pictures! ), not sentences. Acronyms and abbreviations are okay on the screen, but when you talk, address them fully. And remember to use large fonts -- not everyone's vision is fantastic.\n4. Think in terms of conversation. Just because this is paper-based does not mean your delivery should be equivalent to what an 8.5 x 11 can do. You have personality and are a human engaging with an audience. Use their humanness to do things you might not otherwise do in a paper. It's okay to be a bit repetitive. Emphasizing important ideas will enhance comprehension and recall. When you've gone full circle, cycle back to a previous point to lead your audience to the right conclusion. Minimize the unnecessary details (the procedure you had to go through, etc.) when highlighting the main ideas you want to relay. You don't want to overload your audience with fluff, forcing them to miss the important stuff. Show enthusiasm! A very boring topic can be made interesting if there is passion behind it.\n\n\n## Practice, practice, and more practice\n\n1. Practice your presentation in front of friends and family members. Don't be shy -- ask for constructive criticism. This helps you know whether or not you're meeting the time requirements and if not, how you could tweak your style. And once you've recited it 20 times before breakfast, your nervous should be at a minimum. If you can grab a friend who you think has a similar knowledge level to your audience, all the better. They'll help you see what points are foggier to minds with less expertise on the topic.\n2. Tape record yourself. Alright, so this one is a little much, but if you're really nervous, you may find listening to yourself beneficial. You can see which parts you're nervous about and which parts you have nailed down. It'll help you to see the flow, too, when you listen back. It'll also help you with volume. Some people get rather timid when in the spotlight. You may not be aware that you're not loud enough!\n3. Be warm. You are allowed to be a person, not just a machine that relays facts. Welcome in your audience and take a few seconds to establish a comfortable atmosphere. Do the same with your conclusion. Thank everyone for their time and open the floor for any questions, if allowed.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to deal with being picked on?", + "input": "", + "output": "Many people are picked on everyday. Physical appearance and social status are often reasons why people are picked on. No matter the reason, teasing can be uncomfortable, and no one deserves to be treated badly. When teasing becomes a pattern — as it often does — it can develop into a serious bullying problem, which can later cause physical and emotional harm. It is important to address such issues as soon as possible. \n\n## Face the situation\n\n1. Remain calm. Teasing may make you feel many uncomfortable emotions like anger or anxiety. Try not to react from a place of fear or frustration. Crying, fighting back, or insulting the other person is often the reaction that a bully wants from you. Remove yourself from the situation if at all possible. This will often de-escalate the situation immediately. If you do become angry, take a deep breath and count to 10. Try to relax your whole body as much as possible. If you find that you must say something, use a short word that doesn’t escalate the situation. Try saying, “Whatever,” and move on. Refocus your attention on something positive. If you are feeling upset, look for something or someone that makes you feel safe and happy.\n2. Don't retaliate. As much as you might want fight back, it's important that you keep composure. Starting a physical fight can get you in serious trouble. Insulting a bully can often further provoke them and make the situation worse. Don't stoop to their level. Name-calling, harassing, picking on, or starting rumors about your bullies puts you in the same boat as them. Acting more mature than them gives you the upper hand, especially if you are in school where adults are always watching. Make it clear that you are the bigger person by saying something like, “I’m not even going to respond to that.”\n\t* Remember that no one deserves to be treated poorly. Even if you refrain from retaliation, you should maturely confront situations that make you uncomfortable.\n3. Stand up for yourself. Express that you don’t like what has been said or done. Speak in a firm and confident voice and then walk away. Showing that you have confidence — even if you don't — will let others know that you do not tolerate inappropriate behavior. Practice responding to the bully. Reach out to a trusted friend, a family member, a stuffed animal, or stand in front of the mirror. Act out the situation as realistically as possible. Practice saying short and neutral phrases that you feel comfortable using. Phrases like, “Stop that,” “That’s not funny,” or “I've had it,” are effective.\n4. Ignore the teasing. Ignoring a mean joke or teasing can be a successful strategy, especially if the situation is not serious; however, don’t let being picked on become a pattern, as it can become quite harmful over time. Pretend that you don’t hear the mean comments by keeping a straight face. This may be challenging at first, so it can take some practice. Bullies will often become bored when they can't get a reaction out of you. Look to a classmate or teacher and say something to show you are not paying attention to the bully. Try saying, “Hey, great shirt,” or “How’s it going?”\n\t* Appear distracted by your cell phone. If you can, look at your phone and say, “Oh, I missed a call,” or “I didn’t see that before.”\n5. Recognize bullying. Sometimes it may be hard to recognize bullying until it has progressed or escalated. You may feel isolated, be afraid or anxious to go to school (you may start pretending to be sick so you don't have to go), feel helpless, have difficulty sleeping, notice a change in your eating patterns (eating more or less than normal), or your grades may go down. Familiarize yourself with the different types of bullying so you can address it as soon as possible. Physical bullying includes hitting, kicking, tripping, hair pulling pinching, pushing, stealing, or damaging your things. This type of bullying uses physical force to cause damage. Verbal bullying includes insults, name calling, teasing, intimidation, verbal abuse, or homophobic, racist, sexist, or ableist comments. This may start off as \"harmless\" teasing or poking fun at first and escalate. Social bullying or covert bullying is often difficult to spot. You may not realize this is going on, as it can occur behind your back. This includes spreading rumors, telling other people not to be friends with you, lying about you, damaging your reputation, playing mean jokes, mimicking, giving you the silent treatment, etc. Cyber bullying can happen at any time and can be public or private. It may be done directly to you or behind your back. Cyber bullying uses technology — such as social media, texting, email, websites, etc. — to target the person. It can include spreading rumors, impersonating you online, spreading mean or harmful videos or pictures, excluding you, sending abusive or hurtful messages, and intimidation.\n\n\n## Seek support\n\n1. Tell someone if the teasing becomes a pattern. You've probably heard people say, \"No one likes tattle-tales,\" but you must look out for your own well-being. If bullies become violent, start harassing you constantly, or harass you online, tell someone. Whether it's a teacher, parent, or guidance counselor, it is important that someone is informed. Even if you think getting others involved may make the situation worse, adults can often help you determine an effective action plan. If the teasing happens at school, talk to a trusted teacher or guidance counselor. School officials should have training in how to deal with bullying. Think about what may reduce the interaction with the bully and help you feel safer. This may include rearranging seating or providing more adult supervision. Talk to a parent or family member that can give you some advice. Your parents should be alerted of the situation, especially if you are in danger. Note that getting your parents to talk to a bully’s parents, however, is often not recommended. A close friend may be the first person you are inclined to turn to when being picked on. Trusted friends should be willing to help you cope. They may accompany you to see a guidance counselor, or stay at your side when you are facing harassment. Telling someone that you are being picked on can be challenging. Let them know how you’re feeling by starting with, “This is hard for me to talk about, but I wanted to tell you what is going on.”\n2. Build self-confidence. Bullies pick on people who have low social standing or show low self-esteem. This does not mean that you should change who you are! Instead, work on feeling comfortable in your skin. Get involved in activities that make you feel good about yourself. Consider joining an school club, or take an extra class that helps you practice a skill that you enjoy. Exercise as a way to nurture a positive outlook and improve your self-image. You may enjoy a team sport, yoga, or self-defense classes. Positive affirmations are important in building security and self-esteem. Keep a journal and write positive things about yourself daily, not just when you are feeling bad.\n3. Learn from other people. There are several websites that are geared towards middle and high-school students who face bullying. Browse through the stories and advice on websites that provide a safe space for discussing such topics.\n\n\n## Help others\n\n1. Tell your story. Sharing your story can be helpful to others who are facing similar challenges. Write a blog or newsletter that explains your experience. Share what you are doing to confront the issue and make positive changes. Talk to your peers. If you know someone who is being picked on, find time to share coping strategies and practice ways to respond to teasing. For example, you can say, “Hey, I noticed that Jamie was annoying you. I hate it when he does that to me.”\n2. Don’t be a bystander. Do not encourage bullying behavior. Instead, help the person get out of the situation. Laughing at mean jokes or watching in silence suggests that you are not opposed to the behavior. Instead, let the bully know that you are not amused and/or walk away. If you are a part of the conversation, try saying, “Hey, that’s not cool.”\n\t* If you see that someone is in physical or emotional danger, seek help from an authority figure immediately.\n3. Befriend people whom you think are being picked on. Reach out to others who are going through the same problem. Developing a friendship can help you avoid confronting bullies by yourself. Plan to sit together at lunch or walk home together. You may develop a great friendship, and you will be able to support each other when faced with bullies. Bring it up by saying, “Want to get lunch today?” or, “Let’s hang out on the way home.”\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to do a word count on google docs?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Use a computer\n\n1. Open your Google Doc at https://docs.google.com. Log in to your Google account if prompted. This method works for both Windows and Mac computers. You can also open saved documents that you didn’t create in Google Docs.\n2. Click the Tools tab. You’ll find this above the document.\n3. Click Word Count. You’ll see a list of counts, including how many pages are in the document, words, characters, and characters except spaces.\n\n\n## Use the app\n\n1. Open your Google Doc in the app. This app looks like a blue page with a corner folded. You can find this app on your home screen, in the app drawer, or by searching. You can also open saved documents that you didn’t create in Google Docs.\n2. Tap ⋮ (Android) or ••• (iOS).\n3. Tap Word Count. You’ll see a list of counts, including how many pages are in the document, words, characters, and characters except spaces.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to dismount a volume?", + "input": "", + "output": "You can remove a mounted volume, also known as dismounting a volume when you no longer want separate drives, or partitions on your computer for extra storage purposes. You can dismount a volume on Windows computers using the Control Panel, and on Mac OS X using the Terminal application.\n\n## Dismount a volume in windows\n\n1. Click on “Start” and select “Control Panel.” The Control Panel window will display on-screen.\n2. Click on “System and Security,” then on “Administrative Tools.”\n3. Click on “Computer Management,” then enter the administrator password. Dismounting a volume can only be done by the administrator.\n4. Click on “Disk Management” under “Storage” in the left pane.\n5. Right-click on the volume you want dismounted and select “Change Drive Letter and Paths.”\n6. Click on “Remove,” then select “Yes” when asked to confirm that you want to dismount the volume. The volume you selected will now be dismounted.\n\n\n## Dismount a volume on mac os x\n\n1. Open the Applications folder and click on “Utilities.”\n2. Click on “Terminal.” The Terminal application will launch and display on-screen.\n3. Type “diskutil list” into Terminal and hit “Return.” This command will provide you with a list of all drives connected to your Mac computer so you can grab the “drive identifier” of the volume you want dismounted.\n4. Locate the name of the volume you want dismounted in the list of results. For example, if you want to dismount a flash drive you had named “wikiHow data,” find the volume for “wikiHow data” in the list of results.\n5. Locate the drive identifier of that particular volume. The drive identifier will be named “disk” followed by a combination of different numbers and characters, and is located at the end of the line for each volume listed. For example, the drive identifier may read as “disk0s2” or “disk1s2.”\n6. Type the following command into Terminal: “diskutil unmount /dev/disk1s2,” while making sure that the appropriate drive identifier for the volume you want dismounted is used in place of “disk1s2” in this command. The volume will be officially dismounted when the following command is displayed in Terminal: “$ diskutil unmount /dev/disk1s2 Volume wikiHow data on disk1s2 unmounted”\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to core apples?", + "input": "", + "output": "Instead of buying pre-sliced apples, take advantage of whole ones while they are fresh. Whether you're baking apples or slicing one up for a snack, removing the inedible core isn't as hard as it looks. Use a paring knife or an apple corer to keep apples whole. For apples you need to cut first, scoop the core out with a melon baller. If you're looking for a quick way to prepare apples for cooking, peel them and slice off useable parts. Then, enjoy cleaned apples as is or use them as a component in another recipe.\n\n## Core whole apples with a knife\n\n1. Set the apple on a cutting board with the stem side up. Keep the cutting board on a flat, stable surface. Make sure it can't slide around while you're coring the apple. Since you're going to be using a knife, it's easy to slip and nick your fingers if you're not careful. Try putting something underneath the cutting board to help hold it in place. A damp towel or paper towel works well in a pinch when dealing with wobbly cutting boards. There are also non-stick cutting board mats you can get online and at kitchen supply stores.\n2. Poke the tip of a paring knife into the top of the apple. While holding the apple steady, push the knife into it about ⁄4 in (0.64 cm) away from its stem. You are aiming for the spot where the core ends. Cutting any closer to the stem could puncture the core and leave you with more of a mess to clean up later. If you don't have a paring knife handy, another thin blade will do. Choose the thinnest one you have in order to limit damage to the apple's flesh while you go after the core.\n3. Push the blade all the way through the apple. Hold the knife steady as you push it straight down so it doesn't cut into the core. Watch out for the sharp tip of the knife coming through the bottom's end! Tip the apple over on its side for a moment so you are able to see where the knife emerges. Coring is easiest with a knife that is longer than the apple. That way, you can remove the entire core in one go. If you don't have a knife like that, stick with a paring knife and scrape away any parts of the core left behind after the initial cut.\n4. Cut all the way around the core to separate it from the apple. Hold the apple steady and carefully cut in a circle without slicing into the core. Keep the blade ⁄4 in (0.64 cm) from the stem the entire time. This can be a little tricky to do at first, but it becomes much easier with practice. It leaves the core loose inside the apple, making it easy to remove by hand. If you're having trouble keeping the cut consistent all the way around the stem, try making more incisions. Place the knife on another side of the stem and push it all the way through the bottom again. Do this 4 times on all sides of the stem, then cut in a circle to connect the incisions.\n5. Remove the knife and push out the core with your thumbs. Raise the knife slowly so you don't lose control of it. Set it aside, then give the stem a good, hard push. The core will pop out through the bottom of the apple. If it is stuck, cut around the core again to separate it from the rest of the apple. Another option is to use the tip of the knife to pry the core up toward you. Once you are able to get a firm grip on it, pull it up to remove it. Knife control is important when doing this, so raise it with patience rather than yanking it toward you.\n6. Cut around the inside of the apple if you notice any seeds remaining. Sometimes these parts break off the core and get left behind. Put the knife back in the hole and scrape around the outside edge. Push the inedible bits out through the holes in the apple to throw them away. Once you're sure you got all of the black seeds and stringy bits of the core, you're ready to cook the apple.You could also use a melon baller to scoop out the insides. Twist the melon baller around to clear out the cut, leaving it clean and consistent.\n\n\n## Use an apple corer\n\n1. Place the apple on a flat surface with the stem face up. Set it up on something stable and damage-resistant like a cutting board. Coring tools are pretty sharp, so don't sacrifice your countertop for the sake of an apple core. Make sure you have plenty of room to hold the apple steady while coring it. Test the cutting board or surface by attempting to move or shake it. If it seems unsteady, expect it to move at the worst time. Try putting a wet towel or a non-slip mat underneath a cutting board to steady it.\n2. Place the apple corer on the center of the apple. If you have a tube-shaped corer, position it so the apple's stem is in the middle of the tube. Push the corer down until it begins cutting into the apple. If you have a combination corer and peeler, position it ⁄4 in (0.64 cm) from the core with the serrated edge facing inward. Push the tip down into the apple to begin separating its flesh from the core. The easiest type of corer to use is one with a long handle and a circular tube with a serrated bottom edge. The tube fits over the core, holding it together while you pull it out. When using the vegetable peeler type of corer, you have to twist the blade around in a circle to cut out the core. The motion is the same as when using a tube-shaped corer, but it takes a little more work to rotate the corer by hand. You could also use a flat, ring-shaped corer. This type slices up the apple while removing the core. It's great for cutting an apple into wedges with one fell swoop.\n3. Twist the corer as you push it toward the bottom of the apple. This takes a little bit of force, so keep a firm grip on both the apple and the handle of the corer. Rotate the corer back and forth while pushing down on it. As long as you keep the apple still, the corer will go straight down toward the opposite end of the core. If you're using the blade-type corer, push it down into the apple and begin rotating it around the core. It will separate the core from the rest of the apple.\n4. Pull the corer out to remove the center membrane and seeds. What happens next depends on what kind of corer you have. With many tube-shaped corers, all you have to do is pull the handle back to take the core out with it. For blade-like corers, lift the blade out and then push the core out with your fingers. Check the inside of the apple for leftover seeds. Corers are better at cleaning out an apple than knives, but a loose seed or core fragment can fall out of the tool and get left behind.\n\n\n## Scoop the core out of a halve apple\n\n1. Set the apple on a stable cutting surface. Use a cutting board to prevent your countertop from getting damaged. Start by standing the apple up on the board with the stem face up. Make sure the cutting board can't move at all while you're working. Stabilize the cutting board by placing a towel or mat underneath it if needed.\n2. Cut the apple in half to expose the core. Use a sharp knife to split the apple. Hold it steady and cut vertically through it to the bottom. Try to slice through the center in a single, clean motion. You will end up going straight through the core, but that is okay. If you wish to quarter the apple, you could turn the halves over onto their cut sides. Slice them top to bottom down the middle. Whether you do this before or after removing the core doesn't make much of a difference.\n3. Scoop out the core using a spoon or melon baller. Keep the apple halves flat against the cutting board with the skin side down. This will give you a clear view of the seeds and the fibrous sheaths in the center of each slice. They are pretty easy to remove by digging into the apple's flesh right where it meets the hard, stringy core. Clean out both halves to leave the juicy part of the apple intact. If you quartered the apples, an alternative way to remove the core is by cutting underneath it. Use a paring knife to cut diagonally down to the center point underneath the core. Turn the apple slice around and cut from the other side to cleanly lift away the core.\n4. Slice away the stem and bud on each half with a paring knife. Keep the apple halves skin side down on the cutting board. The stem and bud are on the ends of each half, right above the removed center. Hold your knife parallel to these parts and cut diagonally down underneath them. Slice diagonally down from the opposite side to complete the cut and remove the inedible parts. There are pieces of the stem and bud on both halves, so remember to get them all. You will need to make a total of 4 cuts on each half, 2 apiece for each stem and bud. Another way to do this is by scooping out the stem and bud with a melon baller or spoon. It is less precise than cutting, so it takes away more of the juicy flesh.\n\n\n## Separate the core from a peel apple\n\n1. Peel the apple using a paring knife or vegetable peeler. If you have a good vegetable peeler handy, use it for an easy way to remove the apple's skin. Drag it from the top of the apple to the bottom to remove a layer of skin. After setting aside the peel, rotate the apple and use the peeler again and again to expose the juicy flesh.If you're using a knife, slip the tip of the blade underneath the skin. Peel from side to side across the apple, moving slowly to keep the blade as close to the skin as possible. Although using a knife gets easier with practice, you could slip and cut into the good part of the apple if you're not careful.\n2. Set the apple down on a flat surface with the stem side up. Stand the apple on a safe, stable cutting board. Make sure the board won't slide out of place while you attempt to cut the apple. As long as the board is secure, cutting the stem out is a quick and safe process.For your own safety and the sake of the apple, slip a damp towel or non-stick mat underneath a cutting board to prevent it from moving while you work.\n3. Slice across the apple to separate part of it from the stem. Pick up a sharp chef's knife and position it about ⁄4 in (0.64 cm) away from the stem. Hold onto the apple with your other hand to stop it from moving. When you're ready, slice straight down, all the way to the bottom of the apple. This will separate part of the apple, leaving the core untouched and standing on your cutting board.Cut as close to the stem as you can to save the edible portions of the apple. If you cut too close to the stem, you might end up taking out some of the core. Cut the hard, stringy core chunks off the apple slices before using them.\n4. Turn the apple and cut away the other sides to remove the core. Rotate the apple so an uncut side faces you. Cut across it again and then all the way down to the bottom. Keep the knife ⁄4 in (0.64 cm) away from the stem at all times so all the cut parts are even. When you're done, you will have 4 apple chunks that are clean and easy to slice up into whatever size you need.For example, lay the portions flat on the cutting board and cut them from top to bottom to create slices. Cut the slices from side to side to create smaller apple chunks.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to say \"my name is\" in several languages?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is how to say \"My name is...\" in several languages. The exact phrase is on top, with pronunciation guides in the bullets below.\n\n## European languages\n\n1. Say \"Moeto Nme e\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\" in Bulgarian. This translates to \"my name is\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\"\n\t* \"MO-eg-toh e-meh eh \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\"\n2. Say \"Ik heet \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_ \" in Dutch. This is a somewhat gravelly sound. While \"heet\" is pronounced like \"hate,\" natural speakers almost slur the two together, almost like \"hee-EIGHT.\" \"Ick hate\"\n3. Say \"Je m'appelle \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\" in French. The words will somewhat glide together. This translates as \"I am called.\" \"Jhe- ma- pelle\"\n4. Say \"Me llamo \\_\\_\\_\\_ in Spanish. This one most people already know, but they still get tripped up by the double-L. In Spanish, the double-L sounds like an English \"y.\" \"Meh Yam-oh\"\n5. Say \"ich heisse \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\" in German. Really differentiate the three syllables, keeping them sharp and distinct. \"Ikh High- saa\"\n6. Say \"Με λένε \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\" (Me lene) in Greek, or use an alternate expression. For more formal hellos, you can also say, \"Ονομάζομαι\" (\"To o-no-ma mou e-ne,\") which translates to \"I am called.\" \"Meh Leh-neh\"\n\t* You can also change things up with \"Λέγομαι,\" (\"Leh-go-meh,\") meaning \"I'm named.\"\n7. Say \"A nevem\" in Hungarian. Like in French, the words need to somewhat slur together. The \"v\" sound in the middle should sound about halfway between a V and a W.\n\t* \"A neh-wem\"\n8. Say \"Ég heiti \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_ \" in Icelandic. Icelandic is one of the world's hardest languages, but luckily fo you \"My Name is\" is quite easy. \"Yeg hey-tih\"\n9. Say \"mise \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\" in Irish Gaelic. Not that this sounds completely different from how it looks. The \"se\" at the end sounds much more like \"sha.\" \"Mish-ah\"\n10. Say \"Mеня зовут\" Russian. No, that \"3\" shape is not a typo, it's just a part of the Russian Alphabet. If you don't have time to learn the whole thing, the pronunciation isn't tough. This translates into \"I am called.\" \"Men-ya za-voot\"\n11. Say either \"mi chiamo \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\" or \"sono \\_\\_\\_\\_\" to say your name in Italian. These are the English equivalents of \"My name is \\_\\_\\_\\_\" or \"I'm \\_\\_\\_\\_.\" \"Mi Chiamo\" (Mee Key-ah-mo). → \"My name is....\"\n\t* \"Sono: (soh-no). → \"I'm...\"\n12. Say \"Nomen mihi est \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\" in Latin. If you know how to speak Italian, Spanish, or French, the pronunciation is very similar. \"Me-he no-men es\"\n13. Say \"Mă numesc \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\" to give your name in Romanian. You can also use the phrase \"mă chiamă\" as well. \"Ma new-Mesk\"\n\t* \"Ma key-ama\"\n14. Say \"Eg heiter \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\" in Norwegian. Like in German, you're looking for three well-pronounced, distinct syllables. The second word sounds like \"height,\" as in how tall something is, in English. \"Egg Height-er\"\n\t* Note: this may also be spelled \"Jeg heter.\" This second versions is the more formal, traditional spelling. Both are correct.\n15. Say \"Volám sa \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\" to give your name in Slovak. For more formal, longer phrase, you can use \"Moje meno je \\_\\_\\_\\_\" (\"My name is \\_\\_\\_\\_\"). The words in Slovak tend to be slightly jammed together, especially here, where they might sound like one word. \"Vol-am say\"\n16. Say \"Jag heter \\_\\_\\_\\_\" in Swedish. For more formal conversations, try out \"Mitt namn är.\" This is tricky one, as the letters aren't used quite the same way in English. Try to make the \"i\" in \"mitt\" sound like an \"E\" sound. \"Yog Heat-err\"\n\t* \"Mit Nam Aer\"\n17. Say \"mia nomo estas\" (\"my name is\") or \"mi nomiĝas\" (\"I'm called\") in Esperanto. Esperanto was invented in Poland after WWII as a politically neutral, global language. \"Mee-ah No-mo Ehs-tas\"\n\t* \"Mee no-me-jas\"\n\n\n## Asian languages\n\n1. Say, \"আমার নাম\" (Amar nam) in Bengali. If you can't read the characters, that is okay. The phonetic sounding is not difficult to pick up. \"Am-ar Nahm\"\n2. Say \"Merā nām \\_\\_\\_\\_ hai\" in Hindi. Note how there is a word after your name -- \"hai.\" This translates literally to \"My name Nick is.\" This is grammatically correct in Hindi. \"May-rah nahm \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_ hey\"\n\t* You use the same phrase in Urdu. It is written out as \"میرا نام \\_\\_\\_\\_ ہے.\"\n3. Say \"私の名前は...です。(Watashi no namae wa \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_ desu)\" to speak in Japanese. Note that there is a word \"desu\" that comes after your name in Japanese. For simpler speaking, you can say, \"I am \\_\\_\\_\\_,\" or \"Watashi wa Nick\"' desu.\" \"Wat-a-shee no na-my wah \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_ dehs\"\n\t* Wat-a-shee wah \\_\\_\\_\\_ dehs\"\n4. Use versions of \"Ako si \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\" to say your name in Tagalog (Filipino). There are several versions of an introduction in Tagalog, all of which are easy to pick up. The word for name, \"pangalan\"\n\t* \n\t* Casual: Ako si \\_\\_\\_ → \" \"AkOH see\"\n\t* \n\t* Polite: Ako po si \\_\\_\\_ → \"AkOH poh see\"\n\t* \n\t* Formal: Ang pangalan ko ak\\_\\_\\_ → \"An pan-nall-en co ack\"\n5. Say \"我的名字是 \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\" (\"Wǒ de míngzì shì\") to say your name in Chinese. This is in the Mandarin dialect. Chinese is not just about accent but also inflection, which completely changes the meanings of words. This is one you should absolutely listen to examples of. \"Wuo - duh - meeng -- tza -- shuu \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\"\n\t* For a simpler translation, try \"Wuo Jiao \\_\\_\\_\"\n\t* In Cantonese Chinese, use the phrase \"Ngo kui tso.\"\n6. Say \"ខ្ញុំឈ្មោះ \\_\\_\\_\\_\" (\"khnhom chhmoh\") to speak in Khmer. Things might get difficult in Cambodia, Vietnam, or Laos, but this phrase can help start introductions. \"Ka-nohm ch'moo-ah\"\n7. Say \"Tên tôi là \\_\\_\\_\\_\" in Vietnamese. Some speakers drop the first word, sticking instead with \" tôi là \\_\\_\\_.\" \"Ten Thoy la\"\n8. Say \"ผมชื่อ \\_\\_\\_\" (\"pŏm chêu\") if you're a man, and \"เราชื่อ \\_\\_\\_\" (\"di-chen chêu\") if you're a female speaking Thai. Thai is a gendered language, so make sure you use the right form. The last word, though hyphenated below, should be smushed together. Male: \"pohm chee-ew\"\n\t* Female: \"dee-shaun chee-ew\"\n\n\n## African and middle eastern languages\n\n1. Say \"My naam is\" in Afrikaans. This language has some English roots, so it will be easier for you to pick up potentially. You'll also notice that is spelled with eerie familiarity...\n\t* \"May naahm ehs\"\n\t* Some people substitute \"Ek\" for \"my.\" This is more traditional, typically.\n2. Say \"اسمي هو (Ismi houa)\" in Arabic. Some dialects of Arabic actually omit the second word, such as Sudanese Arabic. \"Is-mee Ho\n3. Say \"Ninaitwa \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_ in Swahili. It's just one word, followed but your name. \"Nee-na-nweet-wa.\"\n4. Say \"\\_\\_\\_\\_ laa tudd\" to say your name in Wolof, a West African dialect. Note that Wolof is not a written language, so spelling is not very important. The language is common in Senegal, Gambia, and parts of North Africa. \"\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_ la tood\"\n\t* You can also use \"Maa ngi tudd \\_\\_\\_\\_\" for \"my name is.\" Pronounced \"mahn-gee too-doo.\" Note the extra syllable on \"tudd.\"\n5. Say \"Igama lami ngu \\_\\_\\_\\_\" to say your name in Zulu. Again, this isn't a commonly written language, so don't worry much about spelling. It is pronounced much like it looks, with the \"ngu\" the hardest part. Sound it out like \"new,\" but try to get out a gutteral \"G\" sound right before the word. This is called a \"glottal stop,\" for word nerds out there. \"Ig-ah-mah la-mee (g)new\"\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to find accounting telecommuting jobs?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Account telecommuting tip\n\n1. Work in an office setting for a few years before starting to work from a home office. These years are not only valuable for experience, but they also allow you to build up a client base.\n2. Become part of a local professional network or volunteer organization. When you work from home, it is even more important to network with people in the business community. As a telecommuter, you will rely on contacts and referrals.\n3. Invest in organization and technology in your home office. Having fewer employees means that you will have to ensure your system is impeccably organized, automated and secure. Your ability to stay on top of projects is likely to have an effect on future jobs from repeat business. Other technology that you may want to look into is routing office calls to your cell phone, an Internet fax service, an online receipt scanner, like Shoe boxed, and video conferencing.\n4. Create a website for your business. You will need to invest in marketing in order to make your business appear legitimate to prospective clients, and get your name into the public. Keep the following information in mind when developing your website. Post reviews from current and former clients. This can help show potential clients the diverse types of accounting you can do. Advertise the advantages of using a home-based accountant. In general, home-based accountants charge approximately 70 percent less because they have less overhead. You may also be able to offer more flexible meeting times than office-based accountants and more personal attention. Link your website to your LinkedIn profile or a resume, so that clients can see what experience you have in the field and your certifications. Add on website plugins like an appointment scheduler and a contact form.\n\n\n## Find telecommuting job\n\n1. Ask your former or current clients for referrals. Although your clients may stay with an accounting firm if you leave it, the best way to look for jobs is to give out business cards and inquire with business professionals and former clients if they would give your name to anyone in need of accounting services.\n2. Reach out to your friends, family and contacts before tax season every year. Consider having a client appreciation party during the summer or holiday season, where clients are also encouraged to bring their friends. This will help you cement existing business relationships and perhaps find new ones.\n3. Register for online accounts with telecommuting job websites, such as Virtual Vocations or Freelanced. This site's job postings are dedicated to remote workers. You can post your resume for potential employers to see, and you can search by job date, location, travel requirements and employer when you need to look for work. You may also want to pay for a membership with FlexJobs, hea-employment.com. A membership will cost approximately $15 per month or $50 for a year. They also have a guarantee that you will find jobs.\n\t* \n\t* Comb the site ModernTelecommuter. Although this site is not fee based, it combs websites for telecommuting jobs, which can often be outdated. However, its aggregate function may save you time on your job hunt.\n4. Search on large job posting sites like CareerBuilder, Indeed or Monster. Make sure to tick the box that says \"Telecommute\" when searching on these sites. Also, keep in mind that there will be a large amount of competition for any posting, so you will need to apply quickly and often for jobs.\n5. Interview and list yourself with a local employment or staffing agency. Recruiters are always looking for professional contractors that may be able to fill positions with companies. Make sure to be clear about your desire to telecommute and your available time.\n6. Go directly to websites of large accounting firms and businesses. Review their job postings for telecommute positions. Although this takes a fair amount of research, it is becoming more common for businesses to hire remote, part-time workers to take on their accounts receivable and other bookkeeping tasks.\n7. Check back frequently on your local Craigslist site. A lot of part-time work is listed on this site. Businesses or individuals may be seeking an accountant, without having restrictions on where the work is done.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to handle a dramatic sister in law?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Tone down the drama queen\n\n1. Realize that you may be dealing with a drama queen. The dynamics of a sister-in-law (S-I-L) are complex at the best of times but no more so if she has spent much of her life causing her immediate family to run to her beck and call. The drama queen thrives off drama and having everyone pay attention to her as a result. Sit back at your next family occasion and simply watch. Notice how she interacts with her family members, and how they in turn react back. If you witness a lot of step-toeing around her and acquiescing to her, she is clearly used to getting her own way. Consider what happens when she raises a drama-filled topic. Do other family members rush to agree with her about how \"outrageous\" the price of child care/electricity/shampoo/dog grooming/car maintenance/etc. is? Do they confirm her quibbles as quickly as possible, thereby engendering even more complaints? This shows that they enable her complaint-filled view of the world and sadly, have long been used to pandering to it. You can't change them but you can set a new role model by not complaining yourself. Notice what happens when you disagree with her. Does she pout, throw an adult-style tantrum or try and put you down? While it's important to stand your ground on things that matter to you, if she does react childishly, you'll need to learn how to manage this carefully. Learn not so much to disagree as to fail to agree––there is a fine line but it's about acknowledging her underlying need (notice me, care about me, help me, etc.) without buying into her view of the world.\n2. Do not get involved with the drama. Your S-I-L can let off steam, vent away and curse all she wants but there is no need to join the negativity. Avoid taking any of what is said personally––the crazier the reactions and actions, the more your S-I-L is grasping at straws to try and provoke you and restore the limelight back onto her. Let her have the limelight in her own home but don't hang around to be vented upon. If it gets really bad, simply announce that you will come back when she is feeling calmer and leave. Equally, if it's happening in your own home, tell it's time to leave. (You can even make up a fake appointment or an early bedtime if you really need a polite excuse.)\n\n\n## Deal with your hot button\n\n1. Look to yourself first. It can be hard when to do this when someone else pushes your buttons. But it is important because it is your reaction that defines whether or not she feels she can keep going in the same direction with you. Some of the things to consider include:\n\t* Stay silent and there's a risk she just thinks you're dumb, awed by her or chewed up with resentment. Take your pick, she's probably happy to think you're feeling all three. And she'll use your silence to keep putting across her point of view at the expense of yours. If you're grinning and bearing it, you're likely turning into a doormat. Argue and she probably thinks her brother/sister has married an angry, resentful and bitter so-and-so who hates her and will do anything to come between her and her brother/sister. You may feel as if you're defending yourself but to her, it's about you not caring what she thinks and possibly even about putting her down. This doesn't mean there isn't room for disagreement; it just means that the manner in which you realign her understanding must be done with care.\n2. Create boundaries. State the facts about matters that she pressures you about, firmly but politely, and avoid being emotional into the bargain. If you state things simply, stick to the facts and avoid making it into an issue about her, she has few places to run. Be aware that she may continue to resent you for speaking your mind in an assertive and self-effective way but this shouldn't stop you from clarifying your position. Ultimately, she has to respect someone who doesn't argue, lose their temper or bite their tongue but instead makes it absolutely clear where the boundaries exist. And even if she doesn't everyone else will plainly see that you are the cooler head in the room. For example, let's say your daughter Sheila has been running outside and has fallen over. Your S-I-L insists that she needs to see a doctor or something terrible might happen. You are quite sure nothing of the sort will occur and you know you're a good parent but S-I-L keeps badgering you, upping the intensity of all the bad things that will happen if you fail to follow her advice. Offer your S-I-L a calmly spoken \"That's very kind of you to notice that Sheila has a bruised knee but I am thoroughly satisfied that Sheila is going to be all right; this happens all the time and is a part of the way she learns to cope with the great outdoors. She does not need to see the doctor.\" And that's the end of it, no need to enter into any further discussion. If S-I-L keeps trying, smile and change the subject; refuse to re-engage on the matter.\n\n\n## You and your spouse\n\n1. Talk to your spouse about your feelings. Avoid name-calling, insulting or insinuating anything about your sister-in-law. Instead, explain how you feel when the proverbial dung hits the fan whenever you're in her presence. Your spouse cannot fault your feelings, so be clear and thoughtful in stating them. This puts your spouse on notice that you've recognized the behavior of your S-I-L for what it is and that you have chosen to no longer accept being at the receiving end of it. For example, \"Georgia, when your sister talks a lot about how hard it is to fund her children's private schooling, I feel claustrophobic because she doesn't know when to stop discussing it. Given that we can barely afford our mortgage, I feel a little distressed at this kind of talk all night. I'd like to stop putting myself in this position from now on by simply acknowledging her problem but not letting her continue discussing it all night and I'd like you to help me do this by finding other subjects to talk about that don't involve money. Do you think that this is something you can get on board with? \".\n2. Ask your spouse to think carefully about the way in which he or she relays information about family issues. Tell your spouse that you love to hear about how your sister-in-law is doing but that you don't appreciate hearing about the embellished drama that often comes with it. Help your spouse to recognize what you consider to be \"drama\" from what you consider to be \"real news\" and in time, both of you will learn to speak about family matters in a less dramatic and more emotionally healthy way. Remind your spouse gently whenever you feel that your S-I-L's drama is being repeated in your house. You could even have a special signal rather than having to spell it out each time. Place a ban on gossip at home (or anywhere). Remind one another whenever it veers anywhere near close to gossip and shut it down. It doesn't matter if you feel you are being gossiped about; you're the bigger person for not engaging in the same behavior.\n\n\n## Cop with your s-i-l's call and message\n\n1. Avoid answering what isn't worthy of a response. Don't respond to any text messages that do not directly relate to a family get-together, positive messages or something else perfectly normal. If you are getting texts that spell out her outrage about things that have happened to her, her annoyance at something you've apparently done or to send you gossip about family or friends, let it slide and leave her wondering. If you feel angry and want to send back a retort, reprimand or justification straight away, don't do it. Treat your anger or irritation as a warning sign to sleep on the matter. Furious texting or messaging can only end in more angst on both sides.\n2. Keep social media networking to a minimum with your sister-in-law if she sets off your buttons. If your S-I-L is truly a pain and a bit of a drama queen, it's possible that her social networking reflects her attention-seeking ways. You can be all too easily drawn into a web of her anger and drama venting if you can see her Facebook updates or her latest tweets. If she friends you, you can do one of several things. One, simply ignore the request. When she asks you about it, tell her that you don't use social media much to exchange important things (or at all); or\n\t* Two, reply to her with a \"Thanks but no thanks, I am not accepting new requests at the moment due to busyness/privacy/overloading, etc.\" You might also add something like, \"Besides, we see each other often and I prefer we talk face-to-face\"; or\n\t* Three, turn all of your settings to private so that she can't see who you are friends with. Either say nothing or tell her either that you stopped using social media or that you only have a tight knit circle of followers and don't wish to extend it at the moment. If you say you didn't receive any request, she'll only resend it, but it might buy enough time to throw her off the whole idea if you offer to \"look into it\" but let the \"looking into it\" drag on and refuse to raise the matter again); or\n\t* Four, offer her a more neutral alternative. Offer to friend her on Pinterest and focus solely on a shared craft or cooking board. Nothing racy or mean spirited, of course. Try to avoid using the terminology of \"friends\" when discussing any refusal to accept her request. Unfortunately, the usage of this term by social media sites has caused many people to take it at face value; many people are simply followers or fans, not friends. She might feel devalued if you make any suggestion that she is being rejected as a \"friend\". If she is already a follower of one or more of your networking sites, you might consider blocking her and turning your pages private on some sites. Most probably you will need to explain what has happened (with a sound excuse); if she's a drama queen, she'll not only notice but she'll take offense too.\n3. Take care if you do soldier on and try to be her friend online and/or through the phone. If she acts abusively, it is recommended that you keep records to show your spouse and other family members if needed. Save messages, emails, voice-mails, etc. Some drama queens like to \"attack\" when nobody else can see, thinking you won't have the courage to out them. This isn't about deliberately looking for dirt but it is a way of protecting yourself if anything should get out of hand. However, this is truly the stuff of last resort––if you handle yourself deftly in public situations around your S-I-L, everyone will know for real who is behaving and who is stirring the pot.\n\n\n## A kinder future together\n\n1. Get on with your lives together. You married your spouse, not your family. While his or her family members are part of the package, they are not a part of your intimacy and they do not share the same journey with the two of you. If you make it very obvious that you're not bothered by jealousy, insinuations, rumors or gossip, it will soon become clear to your S-I-L that her barbs, attitude and meanness aren't pricking you in the way that they used to. Eventually, it ceases to be profitable or enjoyable for her to keep bothering and most likely she'll begrudgingly go and find someone else to taunt and hassle. Spend less time around your S-I-L. In what ways are you putting yourself in her pathway? While it may feel like you have to put up with her, you can find ways to reduce the time spent together. For example, ask other family members to meet you at different times than when she is around, more often than not. Don't always do this, or she will have a legitimate cause for complaining, but time spent with other family members shouldn't always involve her presence. If you live far away and have to visit once a year, stay in your own accommodation to give yourself respite. Take walks, get outside and don't overstay any welcome when it comes to drawn-out family events that press your buttons. Families know the pressure points better than anyone and unfortunately, some like to press them. At such events, your S-I-L probably has alliances that she can set in train to be even more effective, so the less time spent near such complaint-prone cliques, the better.\n2. Listen for real. When you are around your S-I-L, try active listening and acknowledgment in place of letting your fog of self-defensiveness take control. When she gets on top of her complaining mountain, instead of trying to topple her off with \"if you think that's bad, you should live in my shoes\" replies, actually focus on her and try to discern what is really driving her jibes, whining and gossip. By not making this about you, you may be truly surprised at what you unearth.As for responding to her, acknowledge her pain with neutral comments like: \"I'm sorry you have had to go through that to pay an electricity bill. It must be hard having four kids chewing through the power each month.\" Don't offer advice, don't offer how you would deal with it and don't ever offer to pay or pave the way to see her problem resolved. She owns it, you simply acknowledge it.\n3. Be compassionate. If your S-I-L has been a pain more than once and has even done things to show you up or drag you down, the chances are that she will try to do it again, even when you don't bite. But if you're ready for it and if you're understanding as to where she is coming from (insecurity, loneliness, feeling left out, needing to be in control, etc. ), you can be compassionate about her actions and detach yourself from her drama. If you don't carry her load, she'll be forced to do it for herself and will stop seeing you as a viable target.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to repair a punctured tire?", + "input": "", + "output": "Did you know that you can repair your punctured tire, and not have to spend all that cash buying a brand new tire? If you're prepared to get a little greasy and do the legwork yourself, you can find yourself back on the road and enjoying the drive-in on time.\n\n## Patch a puncture tire\n\n1. Locate the tire that is losing air. Remove your valve caps first. You can either find the hole by looking for the nail that is pierced through the tire, or you can put the tire in a tub of water and roll it around in driving rotation. There should be air bubbles where the hole is.\n2. Take the tire off from the rim. This allows the puncture to be easily accessed.\n3. Remove anything that's in the tire. If you have found the hole, and there is a nail punctured through it, use your pliers. Grab from the threading of the nail and lift out the nail. Mark the hole with tire chalk for easy access.\n4. Once the hole is clear, squirt some buffering solution over the puncture. This allows the buffer to work effectively and leave you with a smooth surface.\n5. Grab your buffer machine. Make sure that you have a sanding pad surface on your buffer to get a smooth surface. Buff all around the punctured area in a circular motion to make sure you get everywhere you need.\n6. Use a Tire Radial Patch. You can start by first removing the sticky pads of the inner side of the Radial Patch. Then from the inside of the tire, you can stick the Radial Patch through the hole about halfway with the aluminum side first.\n7. Spread the Tire Chemical Care (Seal Fast B-133). Using the brush at the end of the cap, spread the liquid material all around the Radial Patch string as shown in the picture.\n8. Pull the rest of the Radial Patch through the tire. You must pull all the way through until the patch completely sits on the inner side of the tire, and the aluminum piece comes out of the rubber.\n9. Cut the long leftover end of the patch using your cutting pliers. Scissors will work too. As shown in the picture, you want to cut as low as you can.\n10. Roll over the patch. Using your Tire Retread and Repair Tool, run over the Radial Patch from the inside of the tire. You can roll it in any direction, as long as you make sure to get every spot of the patch. Once the steps have been completed, your tire is ready to hit me back on the rims and filled to the pressure needed to be back on the road.\n\n\n## Temporary fix on a puncture tire\n\n1. Locate the tire that is losing air. Remove your valve caps first. You can either find the hole by looking for the nail that is pierced through the tire, or you can put the tire in a tub of water and roll it around in driving rotation. There should be air bubbles where the hole is.\n2. Keep the tire on the rim and expand the hole. Using the Pistol Grip Rasp Tool, you can insert it through the puncture moving it up and down. It will expand the hole if needed to fit the Tire Repair Refills in.\n3. Spray Heavy Duty Silicone Lubricant over the punctured area.\n4. Grab the Pistol Grip Inserting Needle and take a piece of the Tire Repair Refills. Put the Tire Repair Refills piece through the Needle as shown in the picture.\n5. When the refill piece is placed in between the needle, you can hold from the pistol grip and pierce the needle through the hole and pull the needle back out. The Tire Repair Refill piece should be left inside the hole.\n6. Cut off the refill piece that is sticking out of the tire using the cutting pliers or even scissors. (If you have a lighter, you can even set the extra piece of the refill on fire).\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to prepare for a vaginoplasty?", + "input": "", + "output": "A vaginoplasty is a surgical procedure that reconstructs or tightens the outer and inner muscles of your vagina, which can become weak and loose over time. It may improve your comfort levels and symptoms of incontinence. Some even claim it can boost sexual pleasure though this is not well studied and highly individual. A vaginoplasty can also create a vagina if you're undergoing gender-affirming surgery. You can prepare for a vaginoplasty by visiting your doctor, arranging your surgery, planning your recovery, and following pre-op requirements. For gender affirming surgery, you'll work with your doctor to prepare for surgery.\n\n## Visit your doctor\n\n1. Talk to your doctor about the procedure. Your doctor can fully explain the procedure, as well as what you can expect afterward. They'll also discuss the risks of the surgery. Tell your doctor why you want the surgery so that they can help you avoid disappointment. The doctor will ask about your health and well-being before approving you for the procedure. Bring a detailed medical history, including conditions you're being treated for. Tell the doctor if you're seeing a therapist. If you're undergoing treatment for a condition related to your decision to get a vaginoplasty, such as body image issues, it's best to tell the doctor. Provide the doctor with a list of any medications you're taking, including the dosage amounts. Ask about your needs post-surgery. This includes what you should expect at the hospital and during the days after the surgery.\n2. Get a blood test. Your doctor will want to do a few simple tests to make sure you're healthy enough for surgery. First, they'll do a simple blood test, which is virtually painless. This lets them check your hemoglobin and health profile to ensure that you are healthy. They may also do a pregnancy test, as you won't be able to get a vaginoplasty if you're pregnant.\n3. Undergo a urine test. The doctor will also do a urinalysis to make sure that you're healthy. This is a simple, painless test. You'll just need to urinate in a cup, and the medical staff will take care of the rest!\n4. Confirm that you aren't pregnant and don't want more kids. You should not get a vaginoplasty if you want to have more children or if you're pregnant. In this case, it's best for you to wait until you're finished having children. Your doctor will likely ask you to confirm that you aren't pregnant and don't plan to become pregnant. The doctor may also choose to do a pregnancy test before allowing you to get the surgery.\n\n\n## Arrange your surgery\n\n1. Contact your insurance provider to check your coverage. Many insurance companies won't cover a vaginoplasty, as it's usually considered an elective procedure. This means you may have to pay for it out of pocket. If you're not sure you can afford the procedure, ask your doctor if they offer a payment plan. You can also look into CareCredit, a line of credit opened specifically for elective medical procedures. CareCredit requires an application similar to that of most credit cards.\n2. Make a budget for how you'll pay for the procedure. Factor in the cost of the procedure, your pre-op and follow-up appointments, pharmacy costs, and the time you'll need to take off work. Determine where you'll get the money, such as from savings or by borrowing. Some of your appointments could be covered by insurance, so you may not need to pay these out of pocket. In the United States, a vaginoplasty typically costs between $4,500 and $8,500.\n3. Plan the surgery in between menstrual periods if applicable. You cannot get a vaginoplasty while you're on your period. The best time to have the surgery is right after your period, which allows you as much recovery time as possible before your next period starts.\n4. Take photos of your genitals before the surgery. Your doctor may also want a set of photos. This allows you and your doctor to see the difference before and after your surgery.\n5. Make your surgical appointment. It usually takes several months to a year from your initial consultation to get your surgery. You should find out your surgery date about 2-3 months before it will occur. Your doctor can provide you more information about your unique case.\n\n\n## Plan your recovery\n\n1. Schedule time off of work. You'll need at least a few days to recover, but how long you should take off depends on your job demands. It's a good idea to request at least a calendar week. If your job is very physically demanding, you may want to take off longer. Ask your doctor how long you should take off. If you'll lose part of your income, make a special budget to help you cover your living costs.\n2. Ask someone to come help you. You'll need help as soon as your surgery is over. Someone will need to drive you home and help you take care of your needs. This includes getting any additional medications, preparing meals, helping care for pets, and completing household chores. It's best to arrange this help ahead of time. If possible, recruit a few friends or loved ones to act as a support system following your surgery. You can also hire a professional home-care nurse to help you in the days following your procedure.\n3. Create a pain treatment plan to make your recovery easier. It's normal to experience some pain after surgery, but luckily it's possible to minimize it. Planning beforehand can make it easier to treat your pain so that your recovery goes as smoothly and as painlessly as possible. Discuss pain medicine with your doctor. Obtain an over-the-counter pain reliever, if recommended. Ask your doctor if a prescription pain reliever might be right for you. You could also purchase a heating pad or single-use heat packs to help manage your pain.\n4. Stock your fridge and freezer with healthy, easy to prepare meals. Cooking will be hard following surgery, so it's a good idea to have lots of easy options at home. You could make meals ahead of time or use commercial microwaveable dinners. Alternatively, you could have someone cook for you, if this is an option.\n5. Plan mood boosters for your downtime. After your surgery, you'll need to take a break from regular life for a few days. Gather a few activities to occupy your mind during this time, like a book, coloring book, or favorite TV show. It's a good idea to collect a few easy-to-access options so that it's easier to keep your mood up while you recover. Check out a few new releases from the library. Get an adult coloring book or download a coloring app. Add a new comedy to your watchlist on your favorite streaming site. Place your iPad and other devices, including chargers, near your recovery area for easy access.\n6. Purchase menstruation pads if you're still menstruating. You won't be able to use a tampon or menstrual cup for 4-6 weeks after your surgery. Menstruation pads are an easy alternative while you're in recovery. Ask your doctor before you resume using tampons or a menstrual cup. Your muscles must be healed before these methods are an option for you.\n7. Talk to your partner about sex after the surgery. You'll need to avoid sex for 4-6 weeks while your vagina heals. Make sure your partner understands this wait, and discuss ways you two can be intimate without having sex. Visit your doctor for a check-up before you engage in sexual activity. The doctor needs to examine your vagina and clear you for sex.\n\n\n## Follow pre-op recommendations\n\n1. Stop taking aspirin and blood thinners 1 week prior to surgery. All surgeries increase your bleeding risk. Blood thinners can further increase this risk by making it harder for your blood to clot. Over-the-counter aspirin or ibuprofen pain relievers can thin your blood, so you shouldn't take them before your surgery. You may also need to stop taking vitamins and supplements. Tell your doctor what you're taking so that they can advise you. If you are taking a prescription blood thinner, talk to your doctor about when you should decrease your dosage. Don't stop taking it until you talk to your doctor.\n2. Avoid smoking in the weeks before your surgery. Smoking can slow your recovery time. This is because it narrows your veins and makes it harder for blood to flow. This means that your blood isn't able to effectively deliver oxygen throughout your body, which is necessary during recovery. Your doctor may decide to check your urine to make sure that you have quit. It's best to stop smoking at least 8 weeks prior to having your surgery.\n3. Shave your genital area before surgery. This makes it easier for the doctor to complete the procedure. It can also reduce your chance of infection. If you don't shave the area beforehand, the medical team may do it prior to beginning your operation.\n4. Follow your pre-op procedures. The doctor will instruct you on what to do in the days leading up to the surgery. The day before surgery, you may be instructed to fast. It's best to eat a hearty breakfast that morning, as the rest of the day you may only be allowed clear liquids. Your pre-op plan may also include the following:\n\t* A bowel cleanse\n\t* Fasting, with clear liquids\n\t* Drinking more than 8 glasses of water\n\t* Rest\n\t* Nothing ingested by mouth after the midnight prior to surgery\n5. Do relaxation techniques to cope with stress or worry. It's normal to worry before undergoing surgery. It's a good idea to spend some time relaxing the night before the surgery. Perform deep breathing exercises. Meditate. Stretch or do yoga. Color in an adult coloring book or app. Go for a walk outdoors if the weather is nice. Soak in a warm bath.\n6. Plan for an overnight stay at the hospital. You may be able to leave the hospital a few hours after your surgery, but many doctors will hold you overnight. Pack an overnight bag with a change of clothes, a light robe, slippers, and any toiletries you think you may need.\n\n\n## Prepare for gender affirm surgery\n\n1. Discuss the risks and options. Gender-affirming surgery is not right for everyone. It can be expensive and is irreversible. Your doctor and a therapist can help you decide if the benefits of getting gender affirming surgery outweigh the risks in your case. A therapist will determine if you're mentally healthy enough to undergo the procedure. They'll also consider how long you've wanted to get the procedure. Before you're approved, you'll have to show that you've been living as a woman for at least a year, including taking appropriate hormones.\n2. Obtain two letters of support from qualified mental health professionals. Each letter must be written by a mental health professional who is experienced in working with transgender individuals. You can search online for a qualified therapist near you using a site like Psychology Today. The letters should confirm the following:\n\t* Your gender identification is persistent and well-documented\n\t* You're competent to choose the surgery and consent to treatment\n\t* You're of legal age\n\t* You're being treated for any mental health conditions\n\t* You've been undergoing hormone treatment\n3. Plan to take extra time off work. It usually takes about 2 months to fully recover from gender-affirming surgery. At the very least, you'll need to stay home for the week after surgery. If you must go back after that week, however, it's best to arrange a lighter workload. If it's possible, ask your boss if you can have a flexible schedule or work from home. If you work a field job, ask for desk duty for a few weeks. You could also try working part-time. Check with your doctor before going back to work.\n4. Ask your doctor when you should stop taking your hormones. You'll need to stop taking your hormones before you can undergo the surgery. Each surgeon will make their own recommendation. In general, you can expect to stop taking them about 3 weeks before your surgery.\n5. Talk to your partner about sex post-surgery. After gender affirming surgery, it will likely take 2 months to fully recover. You will need to avoid sex during this time. You can still be intimate in other ways, and it's a good idea to explore those options before your surgery.\n6. Remove the hair from your genital area. Check with your surgeon to find out what this will entail. For some, it may just mean shaving your genital area. However, some surgeons require you to get electrolysis hair removal prior to getting gender-affirming surgery.\n7. Expect to be in the hospital for about 5-7 days. Your doctor will likely admit you to the hospital a day or 2 before your surgery. You'll then need to remain in the hospital after your surgery for at least 3 nights. However, the entire length of your stay can vary. It's a good idea to ask your doctor what the average hospital stay is for their patients. In the days after your surgery, you'll likely experience some pain and discomfort in your vagina. The doctor can help manage your pain as you heal.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to host a what not to wear party?", + "input": "", + "output": "Many people love the TV show \"What Not to Wear\", so it would obviously make a great party idea for them! Here's a guide on how to make your What Not to Wear party one to remember!\n\n## Step\n\n1. You can do this party one of two ways: Make it just like the show, and invite one of your friends/family members that makes fashion faux-pas a little too often, then surprise them by saying they they're going to get a fashion makeover! This is a great idea for a surprise birthday party, because then all the guests could get the birthday person fashionable clothes or gift cards to cool stores. Tell all your guests to wear their most horrible outfits. Floor-length skirts, see-through shirts, unmatched colours and patterns, old lady dresses, nurse's shoes, and bad makeup. Also, tell them to bring their favourite/most fashionable outfits. This is a good theme for younger kids/teenagers because it gets the guests more involved. If you want, you can mix components of both parties.\n2. For both parties, assign your own family/friends to be the cast of \"What not to Wear\". If possible, get a man and a woman and assign them as the hosts (Clinton Kelly and Stacy London), then a woman to be the makeup artist (Carmine), and possibly even a man to be the hairstylist (Ted Gibson). However, it's not recommended to have your hairstylist actually cut anyone's hair. Instead, have them braid their hair, or curl, crimp, or straighten it.\n3. For both parties, decorate your house/party space just like the \"What not to Wear\" studio. Make sure to have a place for your guests to get their makeup done by your very own Carmine. Place pictures of fashionable outfits around your house as well.\n4. At the end of either party theme, eat cake/snacks, chat, dance, or do whatever you please now that everyone looks great, and you can go to bed knowing that you had a great party!\n\n\n## \"what not to wear\" replica theme\n\n1. When you send out invitations to your guests, tell them to send you pictures of your 'Fashion Faux-Pas Person' (the FF-PP) wearing their worst outfits.\n2. Once the party starts, sit your 'Fashion Faux-Pas Person' (FF-PP) down, and tell them that you've been secretly filming them for the past 2 weeks (or however long you want). Then show them the pictures that your friends/family sent in of them. Then tell them that they're going to get a huge makeover!\n3. Go through your FF-PP's outfits and 'throw them away' (You don't have to if you don't want to).\n4. Instead of going shopping for new outfits like they do on the show, open your guests' presents (if they've gotten the birthday person clothes and gift cards). That will be their new wardrobe.\n5. Give your FF-PP a makeover! Do their makeup, nails, and hair.\n6. Reveal your made-over FF-PP to your guests.\n\n\n## Worst-dressed to best-dressed theme\n\n1. Send out invitations with the 'What not to Wear' logo on them, as well as pictures of Clinton Kelly and Stacy London, the hosts of the show. You can also have pictures of horrible outfits and put big red 'X's over them.\n2. Once everyone has arrived at the party, award your 'Worst-dressed Person' with a prize (something fashion-related, such as a pair of cute earrings).\n3. Have a 'worst-dressed' photo shoot. This is a lot of fun.\n4. Have 'Stacy' and 'Clinton' critique everyone's outfits, just like on the show.\n5. Tell your guests to get dressed in their favourite/most fashionable outfits. If somebody forgets theirs, lend them one of your chic outfits!\n6. After your guests are all dressed up, it's time for a makeover! Have some makeup on-hand, as well as some nail polish for manicures. Also, give them to option of curling, straightening, and/or crimping their hair.\n7. After everyone's makeovers are finished, announce the \"Best-Dressed Award\". Give them a prize similar to the winner of the \"Worst-Dressed Award\".\n8. Once the \"Best-Dressed Award\" has been handed out, it's time for a photo shoot! Take pictures of your guests in their best outfits.\n9. Have your guests be revealed to 'Stacy' and 'Clinton'. Make sure that Stacy and Clinton both say positive stuff about the guest's outfits. Make sure that the person playing Stacy London says \"Shut up!\" frequently (she says \"Shut up!\" whenever she's impressed with an outfit).\n10. Reveal your pictures of your guests in their worst outfits (Before) and their best outfits (after). This will be a lot of fun and will get a lot of laughs.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to celebrate chuseok?", + "input": "", + "output": "\"추석\" or \"Chuseok\" is a Korean harvest festival celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar. It is a very popular festival for Koreans as they reunite with their relatives and prepare for a feast. The origin of Chuseok is unsure but it has some traditional rites to be maintained. Thus Chuseok is celebrated in the rich harvest season when fruit and grain are abundant. Using the newly harvested rice, people make steamed rice, rice cakes, and liquor.\n\n## Pray and traditional customs\n\n1. Perform Charye or 차례. This is an ancestral memorial service where the entire family gathers together to perform the memorial service in the morning wearing hanbok. Charye is performed because Koreans believe that their ancestors aren't physically dead; their spirits are still alive. They prepare special food in their honor. Observe the important table arrangement for the Charye feast. Rice and soup are placed on the north side of the table, and fruits and vegetables are on the south. On the west and in the middle, meat dishes are served. On the east, rice cake and some drinks such as makgeolli or soju are placed.\n2. Practice Beolcho \"벌초\" and Seongmyo \"성묘\". Visit the ancestral graves and clean the weeds around the graves. This shows respect and devotion to one another. One month prior to the Chuseok, the families visit their ancestors' graves to clean the weeds, a practice which is called Beolcho, often causing congestion in Korea's highways. They again visit and clean the weeds around the graves during Chuseok.\n\n\n## Entertainment\n\n1. Play Ssireum. A Korean folk game similar to wrestling, it is extremely popular during the festival. Two competitors wrestle in the center of a sandpit and try to knock the other person over by using strength, skill and intelligence. It is a one on one tournament and the last person remaining wins the game.\n2. Perform the folk dance Kanggangsullae. This is a folk dance especially performed by women. They usually link arms and dance in a circle under the moonlight.\n3. Perform Sonori or Geobuknori. \"So\" and \"Geobuk\" literally mean \"cow\" and \"turtle\" in Hangeul. This celebration is a ritual performed by two people wearing a cape made of hanji and running around the local area as a cow and turtle, asking for foods from neighbors. The foods are often shared with relatives who can't afford Chuseok meals.\n\n\n## Food\n\n1. Eat songpyeon or \"송편\". This is a Korean traditional stuffed rice cake served as the Chuseok meal. The stuffings are made of healthy ingredients like sesame seeds, beans, nuts and honey. It is crucial to steam those cakes on pine-needles. It enhances the taste and fragrance along with the meaning of Songpyeon. Songpyeon is also significant because of the meaning contained in its shape. Songpyeon's rice skin itself resembles the shape of a full moon, but once it wraps the stuffing, its shape resembles the half-moon. There's a saying that the prettier you shape your songpyeon, the prettier your future daughter will be.\n2. Enjoy Hangwa. It is made with highly nutritious ingredients, such as rice flour, honey, fruit, and roots. People use edible natural ingredients to express various colors, flavors, and tastes. A few types of Hangwa are Yakgwa, Yugwa and Dasik, which are widely common as Korean confectionery items.\n3. Note that the name \"Hangwa\" is similar to another name for Chuseok, \"Hangawi\".\n4. Drink traditional liquors. These drinks are another significant and traditional side for a Chuseok feast. On Chuseok, families and relatives gather together and hold a memorial service for their ancestors with liquor made of the newly harvest rice. After the memorial service, they sit together and spend some time together as a family, drinking the liquor and eating the food.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to set up an aquarium?", + "input": "", + "output": "Setting up an aquarium can be quite difficult that involves a lot of patience, maintenance, and testing before you can even add any tank inhabitants. Despite this, setting up your aquarium correctly is vital for your pets' health and longevity. There are different ways to set up different types of aquariums.\n\n## Choose an aquarium type\n\n1. Decide if you want a freshwater aquarium or saltwater aquarium. There are many differences between having a freshwater aquarium versus having a saltwater aquarium. These differences include how you initially set up the aquarium and all ongoing care, maintenance, everyday chores, and costs requirements. There are several key issues you will need to consider while you choose:\n2. Think about the size of tank you’d like. A small fish tank set up is generally more economical than a large fish tank. There are several issues you should consider when choosing the size of your tank:\n3. Choose what type of saltwater aquarium you’d like to set up. There are three main saltwater aquarium types: Fish Only, Fish Only with Live Rock (FOWLR), and the Reef Tank. Fish Only Tanks: As the name suggests, this tank only houses saltwater fish. It is the least expensive way to set up a saltwater aquarium. However, it does have its disadvantages. Fish Only tanks take longer to set up, require more frequent tank maintenance and testing, and have a shorter shelf life than the other types of saltwater aquariums. Fish Only with Live Rock: FOWLR tanks are set up like Fish Only tanks but with the addition of live rock and better aquarium lighting. The live rock acts as a natural biological filter for saltwater and keeps your tank healthier than a Fish Only tank. A live rock has hundreds of tiny creatures and biological organisms living inside and on the surface of the rock. Reef Tank: If you choose this type of saltwater aquarium, you are most likely looking towards having invertebrates, corals, or anemones as the main focus of your aquarium and fish are just an afterthought. Reef tanks require daily water quality checks, high lighting levels, extra water supplements, heavy duty filtration systems and are generally the most expensive to maintain. Reef Tanks are recommended for more experienced aquarium hobbyists.\n4. Determine what the correct lighting and heating for your fish is. The kind of lighting and the temperature of your aquarium depend on what kind of aquarium you have and who your tank inhabitants are. The type of light you choose also affects the overall temperature of your tank. Aquariums that are Fish Only: This means your freshwater tank will not have real or live plants in it. In this case, you will most likely be using fluorescent lights that are between 18 and 40 watts. Freshwater aquariums with plants: The type of lighting you’ll need will depend on the depth of your tank, the plant species you have, and the desired growth rate of the plant. Usually, you should provide 2 to 5 watts of light per gallon in a planted freshwater aquarium. Always research and consult with your aquarium expert when you plan to have plants in your tank. Saltwater Reef Tanks: These tanks need high levels of light that are characteristic of high output fluorescent and metal halide lamps. Some corals may even need more intense levels of light that can be achieved with T5-HO, Very High Output (VHO), and metal halide lights.\n5. Choose the appropriate type of filter or filters for your tank. All filters have three functions to them, which include mechanically filtering the water by trapping or removing free floating particles, biologically filtering the water by growing good bacteria, and chemically filtering the water by dissolving wastes. There are various types of filter:\n\n\n## Set up a freshwater aquarium\n\n1. Gather all the equipment needed for your aquarium. Before buying your fish, you need to prepare the aquarium. A typical freshwater aquarium needs:\n2. Clean your tank, gravel, decorations, and filters. Never use soap or detergents to clean your tank. Using soaps or detergents can seriously injure and damage your tank inhabitants. Simply wash your tank and equipment with hot water. Use a sponge or clean washcloth and scrub the inside of your tank. Then hose it down to rid your tank of any impurities. Wash and soak your aquarium gravel or sand in a bucket. Use a pasta strainer to separate the dirtied water from the gravel. Wash and massage your filter’s cartridges under the tap or in a bucket. This is very important, especially if you’re using a carbon filter. Massaging or rubbing the filter activates the carbon inside the cartridge. Wash all decorations in clean water.\n3. Set up your aquarium. This means putting your tank on its stand, filling the tank with gravel, arranging your decorations and airstones, and setting up the lighting and heating for your aquarium. If you are using an undergravel filter, place the bottom plates into your tank and attach all necessary tubes, airline, gang valves, and air pumps before adding your gravel. Don’t plug in your filter. Set it up and place it in the correct position but don’t turn it on until you have water in the tank. Having it on without water can damage your filter.\n4. Add water to your freshwater aquarium. It’s vital you treat your water with conditioner to remove chlorine and chloramine. You can find water conditioners at your local pet store with instructions on how much to add depending on how big of a tank you have. Don’t fill the tank with water until you are sure of your aquarium’s layout. It can get quite messy if you stick your hand in a full tank to move things around. Place a plate over your gravel to avoid messing up your tank layout. Pour water directly onto the plate so the pressure of a stream of water won’t make a hole in your gravel or move your decorations around. Remove the place once your tank is full.\n5. Turn on your aquarium’s filter, lights, and heater. This will begin your tank’s nitrogen cycle. Ensure your tank is safe electrically before turning or plugging everything in. A power cord in the wrong place can cause serious injury to you.\n6. Wait a few days before adding fish to your tank. The nitrogen cycle takes a few days for it to completely stabilize. You might notice your tank becoming cloudy which means the cycle is kicking in. You can add some hardy fish like feeder goldfish to your tank to speed up the nitrogen cycle. However, don’t expect the fish to survive, as the harsh conditions of a new aquarium can be quite stressful and inhospitable. Use a nitrate testing kit to ensure your aquarium is at its best quality before adding your fish.\n\n\n## Set up a saltwater aquarium\n\n1. Gather all the equipment needed for your aquarium. Before buying your fish, you need to prepare the aquarium. A typical saltwater aquarium needs:\n2. Clean your tank, decorations, and filters. Never use soap or detergents to clean your tank. Using soaps or detergents can seriously injure and damage your tank inhabitants. Simply wash your tank and equipment with hot water. Use a sponge or clean washcloth and scrub the inside of your tank. Then hose it down to rid your tank of any impurities. Wash and massage your filter’s cartridges under the tap or in a bucket. This is very important, especially if you’re using a carbon filter. Massaging or rubbing the filter activates the carbon inside the cartridge. Wash all decorations in clean water. Your substrate will be cleaned after your aquarium is set up.\n3. Set up your aquarium. This means putting your tank on its stand, arranging your power heads, and setting up the lighting and heating for your aquarium. If you are adding a live rock, do not add substrate or decorations to your tank. You must cure your live rock before you can do this. Don’t plug in your filter. Set it up and place it in the correct position but don’t turn it on until you have water in the tank. Having it on without water can damage your filter.\n4. Add saltwater to your aquarium. The saltwater mix you purchased should have detailed instructions on how to prepare your saltwater. Generally, you will be mixing room temperature water with the salt mix in a bucket or several buckets. If you don’t have enough buckets, you will need to prepare your water in parts or mix the salt right in the tank. Check your salt levels with your refractometer. Typically, the specific gravity reading should be between 1.021 and 1.024 depending on the temperature of your water. Measuring the specific gravity of your saltwater means measuring the density of your water since adding salt to water increases the density of water.\n5. Cure your live rock. If you have FOWLR tank, you will need to start the process of curing your live rock, which could take up to 2 months to complete. To begin the process:\n6. Prepare your substrate before adding it to your tank. Before adding any substrate to your tank, you will need to prepare a bucket of saltwater to help clean it. Add your substrate into the bucket and stir. This allows the dust and dirt from your substrate to rise for you to siphon out with your aquarium vacuum. Use a cup or ladle to add your clean substrate to the tank. You will need to drain more water out of your aquarium to accommodate the addition of your substrate and any decorations.\n7. Wait a few days before adding fish to your aquarium. Thoroughly check your aquarium’s water salinity, pH, ammonia, nitrate, and hardness levels using your test kits before adding any fish. The ideal readings for a saltwater aquarium with a live rock are:\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to do a simple number mind trick?", + "input": "", + "output": "Amaze your friends and relatives with these number-based mind tricks. These three tricks are arranged from easiest to hardest (smallest numbers to biggest). Even young kids can do the simple number prediction trick.\n\n## Simple number prediction\n\n1. Set the trick up. Tell a friend that you are performing a math trick. You will ask her to do some calculations secretly, then read her mind for their answer.\n2. Write down your prediction. Pretend to think hard for a moment, then write down the number 3 on a piece of paper. Fold the paper in half, without letting anyone see the number.\n3. Ask your friend to write down a number between 1 and 20. She should pick this secretly and keep the piece of paper. We'll go through an example, where your friend secretly picks the number 4. This trick works with any number, but keeping it between 1 and 20 makes it less likely that your friend will make a mistake.\n4. Instruct her to add 1 to her number. Warn her not to give you any sign, not even moving her lips. All you need is your mental powers. For example, if she chose 4, her new number is 4 + 1 = 5.\n5. Tell your friend to double the new number. Have her take the last number she had, and multiply it by 2. 5 x 2 = 10.\n6. Have her add 4 more. Put your hands to your head and concentrate, then tell her to add 4 to her last answer. 10 + 4 = 14.\n7. Divide by 2. Tell her you almost have it, but the number is too big for you to see. Ask her to divide it by 2 to make it easier. 14 ÷ 2 = 7.\n8. Subtract the original number. Ask your friend to look at the piece of paper she used to remind herself what the original number was. Take the last answer she had and subtract that original number. 7 - 4 = 3.\n9. Show her your prediction. Tell her you've finally read her mind. Ask her to announce the last number she ended up with. Once she has, unfold your piece of paper and reveal the 3 you wrote down. No matter which number she started with, her answer will be 3.\n\n\n## Guess someone's age\n\n1. Tell someone you're going to find his age. Let him know you'll be using your mathematical mind-reading abilities. Give him a calculator if he doesn't want to do the calculations in his head. This trick won't be too impressive with close friends or classmates, since you probably already know their age. Pick someone at least 10 years old and no more than 99 years old.\n2. Ask him to multiply the first digit in his age by five. Remind him to do the math silently, to keep his age secret from you. For example, if he is 32 years old, he should take the 3 and multiply it by 5. The answer is 3 x 5 = 15.\n3. Add 4 to his answer. Tell him to add 4 to the answer he found. In our example, he would silently add 15 + 4 = 19.\n4. Tell him to double his answer. Now your subject should multiply his last answer by 2, and let you know when he's finished. If he's doing the math in his head, ask him \"Are you sure?\" since people are most likely to make a mistake on this step. 19 x 2 = 38.\n5. Have him add the second digit of his age. Next, the person you're \"mind reading\" adds the last number in his age. Tell him this is the last calculation he needs to do. Since the subject of our example is 32 years old, he would add 2 to his last answer. His last answer was 38, so he calculates 38 + 2 = 40.\n6. Ask for his last answer. Have him say the final number out loud, so you and everyone in the room can hear it.\n7. Subtract 8 and tell him his real age. Silently subtract 8 from the number he gave you. The answer is his age, which you should announce to the room. In our example, 40 - 8 = 32.\n8. Try some variations. If you perform this trick more than once, people might figure out how it works. Here are a couple variations to keep it mysterious:\n\t* Instead of adding 4 and later (secretly) subtracting 8, you can add 3 and subtract 6, or add 2 and subtract 4, or even add 25 and subtract 50. Just remember you'll need to subtract twice as much as the original number, because it got doubled in one of the later steps. To really switch it up, try this: double your age, add 2, multiply by 5, and subtract 10. You need both the doubling and multiplication by five to move the first digit of his age (3 in our example) to the tens place where it belongs (3 x 2 x 5 = 30).\n\n\n## Magical 37\n\n1. Hand a volunteer a pencil and paper. This one involves some three digit numbers, so most people will not want to do the math in their head. Warn the volunteer that he will need to do long division.\n2. Ask him to write the same digit 3 times. Tell him to hide the paper from you to prove you're not cheating. Ask him to write a 3-digit number that repeats the same digit three times. For example, he could write 222.\n3. Instruct him to add each digit together. Now your volunteer should treat each of the three digits as a separate number, and find their sum. For example, 2 + 2 + 2 = 6.\n4. Tell him to divide the larger number by the smaller one. He should now take the 3-digit number, and divide it by the\\ smaller one. Give him some time to work this out. 222 / 6 = 37,\n5. Announce that his number is 37. As long as your volunteer followed the instructions correctly, his answer will always be 37.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to manage urinary incontinence in children?", + "input": "", + "output": "Urinary incontinence (UI) is a medical term that refers to the loss of bladder control, which leads to accidental urine loss. This can happen during the day or at night. Urinary incontinence is a condition that affects many children when they are young and disappears as they grow and develop. To provide better support for your child with UI, it is important to understand how UI works and possible management solutions.\n\n## Understand the bladder\n\n1. Know how the bladder works. The bladder is a bodily organ that is essentially a muscular storage sack for urine. Normally, the bladder muscle sack can stay relaxed and expand to accept urine for several hours. The muscle that forms the bladder sack is called the detrusor muscle, which is also responsible for bladder emptying. The other main muscles of the bladder are called the sphincters, which are two rings of muscle surrounding the bladder outlet through which it empties. One sphincter is involuntary (you aren't aware of it) and the other is usually under our control, making it our voluntary sphincter. The latter is the muscle you can use to hold the urine back until you go to the bathroom.\n2. Learn about bladder control. There are nerves in your body that provides you with the sensation of bladder fullness. This is the early warning system that the bladder is ready to empty. When you urinate, the nerves to the detrusor muscle signal it to contract or squeeze, while at the same time, the nerves to the involuntary sphincter make it relax. When you release your voluntary sphincter, you allow yourself to urinate. By around age two, most children become aware that the sensation that they feel “down there” is the need for the bladder to empty. This allows them to express the need to go to the bathroom. About a year later, they develop the ability to “hold it” until they have a chance to go to the bathroom.\n3. Be aware of the causes of incontinence. There are issues that can cause problems when a child is learning how to “hold it”. While most kids develop the ability to hold their urine and go to the bathroom when they have the opportunity to do so, problems can arise that can mess up a child's ability to control her bladder. These issues that are related to childhood incontinence can include:\n\t* A bladder that is unable to store the usual amount of urine. Weakness of the detrusor muscles or sphincter. Structural abnormalities of the urinary tract. The body producing larger amounts of urine than is normal. Bladder irritation from infections, such as urinary tract infections, or other bladder irritants. The bladder receiving unexpected and premature nerve signals to empty. Something in the area of the bladder keeping it from filling completely, such as other excrement caused by constipation. Excessive postponement of urination, or holding it for too long. Chronic constipation.\n4. Disregard the myths about incontinence. If your child has been dealing with incontinence for an extended period of time, chances are she is dealing with more of an issue that simply being too lazy to get to the bathroom. A lot of parents tend to think that daytime incontinence is a display of laziness, but it is important to keep in mind that something else might be causing your child to have accidents. Common thoughts that parents have that should probably be ruled out if your child has been dealing with incontinence for awhile. In these situations, you should know that:\n\t* Children who wet themselves are not just too lazy to go to the bathroom. Children who wet themselves are not too busy playing or watching TV. Children who wet themselves want to go to the bathroom and do not willfully wet themselves. Children who wet themselves do not choose to wait until the last minute. Wetting themselves does bother them.\n\n\n## Treat incontinence\n\n1. Look for signs of an overactive bladder. There are some common signs that your child has an overactive bladder. Signs that your child might have an incontinence problem related to under filling include:\n\t* Your child dashes to the bathroom, crosses her legs, and wiggles or drops to the floor, sitting hard on her heel. If asked, your child will often admit that she releases a little urine on the way to the bathroom. Many children also will admit that, sometimes, they run to the bathroom but only void a small amount of urine, even though they felt like they really needed to go.\n2. Look out for a cause for the \"sudden-urge-to-urinate\" phase. Some kids, while they are growing up, go through a phase where they suddenly, without warning, need to go to the bathroom really badly. This underdeveloped control, which presents itself as urge incontinence, often resolves with time as the child matures. However, this can also be the symptoms of a functionally small bladder or an overactive bladder. There are some medications that can actually increase a bladder's holding capacity. You should talk to a doctor about the options for dealing with a small or overactive bladder.\n3. Be aware of overfilling. There is a filling condition, called overfilling, that can also lead to incontinence. Overfilling is a less common condition that occurs when the bladder won't or can't empty and has an usually large capacity. Symptoms of an abnormally large capacity bladder include:\n\t* Voiding large volumes of urine frequently during the day. This can happen if the kidneys produce enormous volumes of urine. You should take your child to a doctor if you notice your child voiding a large amount of urine every time she goes to the bathroom, especially if there is a change in the amount from usual. Infrequent voiding, which is considered less than two or three times a day. This can be a sign of a spinal nerve problem, such as spina bifida or cerebral palsy. If your child has not been diagnosed with a spinal nerve problem, it is unlikely that this is the cause of your child's incontinence.\n4. Notice if your child is holding it for too long. Sometimes, if your child gets in the habit of holding his urine too long, it can result in over filling of the bladder. Your child's bladder can become enlarged if he is a chronic urine holder, which means he avoids going to the bathroom, even when he really, really has to pee. When this goes on for a long time, the muscles related to urinating become over trained, which means the muscles relax poorly, leading to bladder dysfunction like incontinence. This happens frequently when a child does not want to use the bathroom at school or other public places.\n5. Consider behavior modification therapy. Behavioral modification may be able to help your child with her urge incontinence. Most experts today favor behavior modification therapy over drugs as a first line treatment for daytime wetting of almost all types. Behavior modification is a method of training to relearn a skill such as bladder control. The therapy must be done strictly and consistently in order to get the desired results, such as your child being able to control her bladder. Behavior modification therapy generally works best in children who are older than five or six years of age. This is because younger children generally lack the self-discipline to stick to the therapy schedule. However, each child should be analyzed on a case-by-case basis. Child psychologists can provide good advice on how to go about creating a schedule.\n6. Create a schedule. If your child suffers from an overactive bladder, you need to create a schedule to help him. After your child goes to the bathroom in the morning, begin a strict timed voiding schedule. Normally, parents pick every two hours as the scheduled voiding time. Your child must go to the bathroom every two hours, even if he says he doesn't have to go at that specific time. That is actually the point, to get him to the bathroom before he has a bladder spasm. If you wait for the bladder spasm, you are reinforcing the absence of control. If your child does go and attempts to void, even a little, it reinforces his control about when and where he goes. If your child has an overfilled bladder, you should create the same schedule with an added step. Your child should wait four to five minutes after going to the bathroom and then try to go again. This is called double voiding in an attempt to reduce that lingering bladder volume. The goal is to change voiding habits and allow the bladder to carry a more normal volume of urine.\n7. Use an alarm system. In addition to a schedule, set an alarm to help your child remember to go to the bathroom. It can be hard to remember to go to the bathroom every two hours. Because of this, its important to set up an alarm system. When your child is at home or visiting family, such as staying at Grandma's house, set alarm clocks that go off every two hours. You can set these alarms on a smartphone or alarm clock. You can also get your child a watch that beeps or vibrates silently every two hours as a reminder for when she is at school. You may also consider trying a bed-wetting alarm if your child has nighttime incontinence (bed-wetting).\n8. Extend the voiding time. Once you have followed this schedule for four to six weeks, you should extend the voiding time. Normally, you should see improvement within four to six weeks. However, this does not mean you should stop the schedule. You should extend the time so that your child tries to urinate every three or four hours, rather than every two.\n\n\n## Treat urinary tract infections\n\n1. Notice urinary tract infections. You need to pay attention to your child to look for certain causes of incontinence. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are most common in girls who have just started school or have recently been potty trained. In addition to incontinence, UTIs can also cause frequent urination, a burning sensation when she urinates, cloudy or dark colored urine, strong smelling urine, and pain in the lower abdomen. UTIs can be treated with antibiotics. Some children who get frequent UTIs also have a condition called asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). These children, most frequently girls, have bacteria colonizing the bladder, meaning that they reside there, similar to having bacteria quietly living on our skin. This increase in bacteria in the urine can sometimes be the cause of frequent UTIs.\n2. Keep irritation at a minimum. Many kids, particularly girls, will develop irritation and inflammation in the area of the urethral and vaginal openings when they have a UTI. You can use certain creams to help relieve the irritation your child feels. In particular, a zinc oxide-containing skin barrier cream or ointment such as Desitin or Triple Paste can be very helpful. You can purchase these creams at your local pharmacy. Follow the directions on the bottle or box that the cream comes in.\n3. Change your child's clothing when it becomes wet. The bacteria that creates a UTI thrives in moist areas. When your child experiences incontinence and leaks a bit of urine onto her clothes, it's important that she changes into dry clothes to keep her from getting a UTI or to relieve the symptoms of her UTI. This will also keep it from coming back. You can explain this to her so that she does it herself, or you can ask her to tell you when this happens so that you can help her change.\n4. Ask your doctor about antibiotics. If your child has recurrent UTIs, you should talk to the doctor about getting antibiotics to clear up the infection and prevent new infections. Your child's doctor will be able to tell you whether or not antibiotics are the appropriate treatment for your child to prevent infections. Your child will need antibiotics if he has an active UTI. The most common antibiotics used for prophylaxis, or prevention of infections, are nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim sulfa. These are usually given once a day, at bedtime, at about ¼ of the usual full treatment dose given to adults.\n\n\n## Treat constipation\n\n1. Be aware of constipation. Another common cause of incontinence is constipation. When large amounts of stool stays in the body rather than being expelled, it can limit how much room the bladder has to expand and causes the bladder to have unpredictable contractions, both of which cause incontinence. Constipation usually causes infrequent bowel movements for 3 days or more in a row, hard, pebbly stools, very large stools, or pain when moving the bowels.\n2. Have your doctor check your child. If you aren't sure how bad your child's constipation is, have a doctor figure out whether or not your child has a lot of stool backed up in her system. This can be done with the use of X-rays or through a physical examination. Knowing for sure that your child is constipated will help her overcome her incontinence issues.\n3. Ask your child to drink lots of fluids throughout the day. Many kids with urgency and incontinence tend not to drink much fluid, which actually makes their constipation worse. Try to have your child drink at least eight glasses of water each day to stay hydrated. If your child doesn't like drinking plain water, you can give him fruit juices, milk (no more than 2-3 cups a day), and sports drinks.\n4. Increase your child's fiber intake. To help fight constipation, increase your child's daily fiber intake. Fiber is one of the best ways to get your child's bowels working properly. There are plenty of foods that are high in fiber. Try introducing as many foods that are high in fiber as possible into your child's diet. Foods high is fiber include:\n\t* Fresh fruit and vegetables, including raspberries, blueberries, green peas, spinach, collard greens, acorn squash, kale, and broccoli. Whole grain breads with at least three to four grams of fiber per serving. High fiber cereals, such as Raisin Bran, Fiber One, Shredded Wheat, and All Bran. Beans, including black, lima, garbanzo, and pinto beans. Lentils and popcorn are also high in fiber.\n5. Give your child laxatives. Adding fiber-rich food to your child's diet may not be enough. If your child is still having problems, try child-safe laxatives. One laxative that is safe and frequently used is propylene glycol, more commonly known as MiraLax. MiraLax causes water to be transported into the bowel, thereby softening the stool and improving movement. You should check with your child's doctor for guidance before giving MiraLax or other laxatives to your child. Most kids require between ½ capfuls and two capfuls per day, and the dose may be adjusted as needed.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to select an open source content management system?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Choose an open source cms\n\n1. Research your options. A quick Internet search will tell you that WordPress, Joomla!, Drupal, Plone and Blogger are probably the most common; however, there are dozens more. Make sure you are testing a CMS, rather than a vendor, as the names may be easily confused in the beginning. Many online reviews say that WordPress CMS is good for blogs, and Drupal is great for community-oriented sites, with a lot of user interaction. Joomla! works well for the most basic websites and users. Plone is a newer CMS that manages documents and community very well. You should make your own decisions based on what looks best for your site.\n2. Decide what experience you want to give your website visitors. Sit down with your marketing or branding department and make a list of the essential parts of a website, so that you can look for them in your CMS. This will help you to choose the frontend designs you prefer. You can also get a private web development company to design your template and plug in an open source CMS. This is considerably more expensive than simply choosing a ready-made design through an Internet-based service. It may allow you extensive customization of your site.\n3. Decide what you need from the backend of the CMS. For example, decide if you need search engine optimization (SEO) features, mailing lists, events applications, customization, scalability or a specific programming language.\n4. Test drive each programming platform. Assign 2 to 3 people who will be working with the programs most to do a trial run, or \"sandbox\" version, of the CMS. They should report back with reviews and rate them according to overall preference. Open source CMS can all be installed for free. You may need to hire a web programmer to install them, if no one in your organization is very computer savvy. You still want to test the backend of the system with the non-technical users. You can also go to opensourcecms.com to try over 70 open source CMS programs for free. The site will allow you to do a demo without having to install the whole program.\n5. Check if your web hosting service automatically installs any of the open source CMS. If you use shared server hosting, then the tech support you pay for may include installation of 1 of these programs. If so, and you like the program, you can save money that would otherwise go toward hiring a programmer.\n6. Read community reviews of the open source CMS or extensions you want to install. Each open source program has a web-based community that helps users ask and answer questions. You can get an idea of how easy it will be to accomplish the things on your marketing list by searching for reviews and instructions.\n7. Choose a CMS according to website functionality and employee functionality. Compare each CMS/template with the frontend/backend list you made. Choose the program that fulfills the most preferences on your lists.\n\n\n## Implement an open source cms\n\n1. Decide how you want to do installation and support. Since open source CMS are available to all, they have community forums that help with support. However, if you aren't very proficient with computer programming, you will have to follow an alternate method. Hire a web vendor to install the program and train your staff. Although you will need to pay for this service, it will decrease the problems you will have with the open source CMS. Ask if the vendor offers tech support help in the future at a fee. Task your IT department with installing and training staff. You may have to send part of your staff to a course to learn all about the program and its requirements. If you already have a fully competent IT staff, you will save money with this option. Install the program yourself and train your staff. If you and your employees are very computer literate, it may not be essential to get outside support. You can look for plugins in the directory and read how to fix problems in the forums.\n2. Be prepared for an adoption period. After changing any database, you should be prepared for a slow period where your employees learn to use the program, and at times, there are complaints. Try to wait for a period of 30 to 90 days before deciding if the CMS will work, because most website changes take time to adjust to.\n3. Look to enhance your open source CMS. Look for extensions and plugins, once your employees are completely functional with the backend. The great thing about CMS is that talented volunteer programmers are improving it all the time. Subscribe to blogs, newsletters or forums about your CMS blog. This will keep you aware of new updates or plugins. It will also direct you to websites that use the CMS so that you can see what others are doing with it.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to backpack in the rain?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Deal with a sudden storm\n\n1. Put on any protective gear that you’ve brought. All hikers should carry lightweight rain gear or at least a poncho in case of rain. If you don’t have these items, try to use what you do have, such as an extra garbage back that you carried just in case or a tarp.\n2. Keep your body moving. Even if you’re trying to stay out of the rain, move around as you wait so that your body stays warmer. For example, march in place or step side to side. Hypothermia can easily set in if you get too cold, so generate as much body heat as you can.\n3. Seek shelter. Look around you for a place to duck out of the rain, such as a tree canopy, a cave, a cabin, or even your tent. If you plan on camping and have a waterproof tent, you may find that settling in early and riding out the storm is the best solution. If you hear thunder, seek immediate shelter. Staying outside during a thunder storm is dangerous.\n4. Watch for changes in the terrain. Rain can cause flooding, mud slides, rock slides, and slippery trails, all of which can be very dangerous. Look for signs such as flowing water, rising tide lines, shifting soil, and a sheen on the surface of the trail. When in doubt, walk away from the questionable terrain.\n5. Stay away from open fields, elevated areas, and water. If you’re caught in a lightning storm, the most dangerous places to be include open areas, hills, mountains, trees, cliffs, and waterways. Lightning is most likely to strike these areas, so avoid them. If you’re in the woods, try to find a small grove of trees that are surrounded by other taller trees. Tuck yourself in the lowest spot you can find. If you are stuck in an open area, look for the lowest spot, crouch down, and keep most of your body from touching the ground. Ideally, just the soles of your feet will make contact with the ground. If you have access to a vehicle, stay inside of it but try not to touch the sides of the car.\n6. Put down your trekking poles or other long objects. In a lightning storm, trekking poles and long, pointy objects make a great conductor for the lightning and are therefore very dangerous. Protect yourself by laying these items on the ground away from you.\n7. Pay attention to changing weather. Check the forecast before and during your trek, and watch for signs of a coming storm. If winds pick up and the sky becomes overcast, consider changing your route so that you can reach safety before the storm hits. It’s better to cut your trek short and have the storm pass over rather than get caught in dangerous weather.\n\n\n## Plan a trek in a rainy environment\n\n1. Choose the right insulation for rainy weather. If you wear natural insulators like down or clothing made from cotton, the water seeps into the fabric and takes away the warmth. These fabrics can pull the heat from your body. Wool, fleece, and synthetics stay warm even in a downpour, so they are a better option if you know the weather will be rainy.\n2. Dress in layers. Stay warm by wearing long sleeved wool, polyester, or microfiber clothing under your rain gear. If the weather will also be cooler, add multiple layers. Your clothes will likely still get wet under your rain gear, but fabrics like wool and fleece can remain warm. On the other hand, you may want to look for items that dry easily, such as polyester. Choose items that will feel comfortable and flexible under your heavy raincoat. Avoid cotton, which will hold the water and drain your heat.\n3. Wear a hard shell raincoat and rain pants. A hard shell raincoat will hold up better than a soft shell raincoat in a sustained storm. You can protect your legs with rain pants or vented pants, depending on the temperature of the area and your preference as a hiker. Vented pants will be less insulating but dry quickly. Rain pants can help keep in your warmth and repel water, but they will eventually succumb to the onslaught of water.\n4. Choose the right shoes. For shorter backpacking trips, waterproof boots and gaiters are your best bet, while longer trips are best accomplished with breathable trail runners. If you’re in the rain for long periods of time, your feet are going to get wet no matter what shoe you wear. Trail runners are easier on your feet and dry quicker than other options.\n5. Wear a hat. Your weakest link in staying warm is your head. Even with a hood, heat will escape from your head. Keep your head warm by wearing a hat. If you choose a hat that has a brim, you can also keep some of the rain off your face.\n6. Use a waterproof bag or use a pack cover. While they’re expensive, waterproof bags far outrank pack covers in keeping your gear dry. A pack cover can easily be compromised by a wayward branch, which can pull off the cover. Additionally, water can still seep into the unprotected back of the bag. While a waterproof pack is preferable, a pack cover is better than nothing. Line the inside of your bag with a heavy-duty garbage bag.\n7. Protect your gear inside plastic bags. Protect items that need to stay dry, such as food, electronics, your map, your light source, etc. into plastic Ziplock bags, heavy-duty trash bags, or dry bags made for backpackers. If you are carrying a sleeping bag, tent, or other related items, make sure they are protected as well.\n8. Pack a set of dry clothes. If you’re camping, make sure that you have a set of dry clothes to sleep in so that you can change out of your wet gear overnight. Not only will you be more comfortable, but it will help you keep your body temperature regulated. Store your dry clothes in plastic with your other dry gear.\n\n\n## Stay safe on rainy trail\n\n1. Choose a good trail. If you know that the weather will be rainy, choose an area that you can enjoy in the rain, such as a trek through the forest. Consider visibility and safety, since waterways can flood and rocks can become slippery. When in doubt, plan to keep your hiking short and bed down early.\n2. Avoid opening your pack. Each time you open your pack water drips in. Even if it’s only a small amount of water, it can quickly compromise your pack. The water will remain in your waterproofed pack for the entire trek, so don’t risk lugging around the unnecessary weight. Store frequently needed items and your snacks in pockets or in dry bags attached to the outside of your pack.\n3. Make sure that your map stays dry. If you don’t have a waterproof map, then make sure that your map never gets wet. Ideally, it should be secured in a plastic see-through bag. Try not to remove it when it’s exposed to rain.\n4. Snack often. Regularly munching on snacks will help you keep your body warmer, which is important when you’re getting wet. Rain can cause hypothermia if you get too cool, so plan to eat more often than on a dry hike.\n5. Apply oils to your feet. The wetness from your socks can rub away your natural skin oils, which is what causes blisters. Applying a light salve to your feet can help prevent this from happening. Carry a salve and smooth it onto your feet when you settle in for the night.\n6. Stay hydrated. When it’s raining, some hikers forget to drink their water. Even if you don’t feel thirsty, make sure that you’re sipping on your water to keep yourself hydrated. Dehydration can quickly become an issue.\n7. Take short breaks. Rainy weather makes breaks less desirable because it allows your body to cool down, causing you to be cold and uncomfortable. You also have the incentive to keep going until you reach your destination and can get out of the rain. However, not taking breaks can easily tire you out. Stay energized by taking shorter breaks than you normally would but more often. For example, if you would normally take a 15-minute break after hiking for an hour and a half, take a five-minute break every 30 minutes.\n8. Avoid placing wet gear in your tent. When you do stop to camp, keep your wet items separate from your dry items. Carrying wet gear into your tent can easily lead to everything being wet. Instead, cover up your gear and leave it outside the tent.\n9. Give your feet a chance to dry. When you stop to camp or to take an extended break, take off your shoes so that your feet have a chance to dry out. If you have dry socks, put them on. Otherwise, leave your feet bare. This will help keep your skin healthy and avoid blisters.\n10. Watch for the signs of hypothermia. Rain can lead to hypothermia, even if it’s not very cold out. Stay safe by monitoring yourself for signs of hypothermia. If you do notice any, take steps to warm yourself, such as pitching camp and changing your wet clothes for dry ones. Symptoms of mild hypothermia include shivering, slurred speech, tiredness, cool or pale skin, and shallow breathing. Symptoms of moderate hypothermia include confusion, drowsiness, tiredness, shallow breathing, cold or pale skin, ceasing of shivering, and shedding clothes despite being cold.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to keep dogs safe on the fourth of july?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Beforehand\n\n1. Ensure that your pet’s information is up to date. Many dogs escape when they are startled by fireworks. If your pet doesn’t have a collar with a tag that has contact information on it, as well as a microchip with your current information, now is the time to get them. Your collar should fit securely but comfortably; it should be snug enough that it won’t be easily caught on a branch or other such thing, but not so tight as to make it uncomfortable for your dog to wear it. Be certain that it doesn't restrict your dog’s airflow – you should be able to fit two fingers between your dog’s collar and neck. There should be a tag that ensures the dog does not have rabies and another with your name and phone number on it. A microchip is a tiny transponder that uses radiofrequency waves to transmit information on the chip about your pet when scanned. It is implemented painlessly just under the skin using a large-bore needle by veterinarians and some shelters. Once your dog has a microchip, you must register with the company the microchip is made by; now, if your dog arrives at a shelter, (s)he will be scanned and the microchip will give the shelter your phone number to contact you with. Your microchip must have recent contact information; if it does not, simply contact the microchip company to update your information.\n2. Brush up on your dog’s training. Your dog should have basic obedience training, and should easily respond to you. The most vital commands to train are walking on a leash, “come,” and “leave it,” in addition to crate training. If your puppy is young and hasn’t been leash trained, and you intend to bring the dog to parades/parties/fireworks displays, now is the time to do this. For information on leash training, read this wikiHow article. Your recall command should be rock-solid. If your dog runs off in reaction to fireworks, or after an interesting smell, you must be able to recall him. A related command is “stay”; for information on teaching this, read this article. During parties or parades, your dog is likely to come across yummy food that’s unhealthy for him to eat. To prevent him from eating anything he shouldn't, your “leave it” command should be very good. Another useful, related command is “drop it”; for information on teaching this, read this article. A crate is a useful tool during 4th of July celebrations, serving both to safely contain the dog and often calm him/her. For information on crate training, read this article.\n3. Plan your party carefully. Choose decorations carefully – glow sticks, which are both toxic for dogs and enticingly similar to colorful chew toys, are particularly dangerous. As beer and other human food and drink are toxic for dogs, decide on a place to keep your dog(s) during the party, such as in the house if the party is in the yard. If the dog is friendly and would like to stay with the people, consider keeping him with you leashed; contained by keeping him in a room with a baby gate barring passage if the party is inside; or securely tying him to a tree, fence, or other secure object if the party is outside. Before the party, research what foods are toxic to dogs. For information on avoiding foods toxic to dogs, read this article.\n4. Contact a veterinarian. For owners of dogs that are extremely reactive to fireworks or other typical Independence Day activities, the best option may be to discuss ways to help your dog with an experienced veterinarian. Topics to discuss include reducing stress for older dogs and the option of sedating the dog using safe drugs.\n5. Consider moving your dog. If your dog is extremely stressed by Independence Day activities, the best option may be to move him to another place for the duration of the celebrations or during the most active part (such as a parade). It may be possible to locate a “doggy hotel,” friend or relative in a quiet rural area willing to keep the dog; however, expect there to be at least some amount of fireworks or parties, and it can be difficult to locate a business or person willing to care for your dog during the celebrations.\n6. Investigate products that may serve to calm your dog. A commercial product of “anxiety wrap,” has been used with great success. Created by behavioral experts, such an item can calm dogs in a manner similar to swaddling an infant. A crate can be very useful, as stated above. As wolves naturally occupied dens, a dog will find comfort in his own “den,” or a crate. To increase the darkness, cover the crate with a blanket, leaving part of it uncovered so the dog can see passing people and breathe fresh air. It is possible to purchase relaxing auditory CDs that have been clinically researched to calm anxious dogs; these can be helpful for calming dogs frightened by Independence Day celebrations. Ask your veterinarian for more advice.\n\n\n## Party\n\n1. Secure your dog in the pre-decided place, if applicable. If he is going into a crate, place the crate in a quiet area of the house and put a safe bone, favorite toy, or other treats inside to occupy the dog. The dog will go in for the treat; once he or she is in, drape a dark-colored blanket over the crate to create darkness. Praise him and close windows and doors; you can also play a TV, radio, iPod, etc. to cover the sound of the party, or use the soothing music. If the dog is staying in the house, choose a room where the dog will be able to see the people but which people will not enter (for example, an office or study). Leave something to keep him occupied, and consider playing music/etc.\n2. If the dog will be staying with you, keep him away from food. Avoid tables, where scraps can lay or food can sit tantalizingly close. If a guest offers your dog food, politely inform your guest that human food can be toxic for dogs and that you would prefer for your dog not to eat any. Guests, especially children, might ask you if they can walk or pet the dog; if they do, tell them that feeding the dog food is not allowed. Do not leave the dog unattended – this is particularly dangerous outside, where stray fireworks can land or the dog can bolt from if fireworks go off or there is another loud noise.\n3. Stay calm and alert. You’ll want to be on the lookout for anything that could scare your dog, but keep in mind that your dog can sense your emotions and will often copy them. For example: If you’re on edge and nervous, your dog will sense this and be on edge and nervous as well. Clearly, you can’t control your guests’ behavior, but take the following precautions:\n\t* Stay aware of the effect of the party’s tone on your dog. If your dog starts to become anxious or overly active, the best option can be to put him in a separate room, crate, etc. Ask kids to play away from your dog. Children running around can be especially upsetting for a dog, and it’s a good idea to ask any kids upsetting your dog to quiet down or play in a separate area.\n4. Watch out for stray fireworks. These are an unfortunate danger in places where fireworks have been set off or have been set off nearby, and it’s wise to stay on guard for any, as fireworks are unpredictable and can be highly dangerous.\n\n\n## Parade\n\n1. Consider leaving your dog at home. Parades can be stressful, and often the best option is to leave him at home in a crate or room, as described in the section on parties. If you don’t want to leave your dog alone, another option is to leave him with friends or family not attending. However, if you do decide to bring your dog with you, follow the steps below to keep your dog as calm and safe as possible.\n2. Purchase or gather the supplies you may need. These include:\n\t* A crate for securing your dog. A secure leash and collar. A harness or controlling item such as a head collar might be preferred, as your dog may pull. A muzzle. This is a necessary safety precaution, as the sights and sounds of a parade can distress your dog to the point of biting. A collapsible water bowl and water. Your pet must be kept hydrated, as should you.\n3. Introduce your dog to the parade gradually. Though you likely won’t be able to follow through a complete desensitization due to lack of time, you can introduce your dog gradually – at first, simply allow him to adjust to the sight, smell, and noise of the crowd at a closer and closer distance, and the parade using the same rules.\n4. Keep your dog under control. You should only bring a dog to a parade if he has been obedience trained, but even if he has been, keep a closer eye on your dog than usual. Watch for signs that your dog is uneasy or upset; if the parade upsets your dog too much, you can take him away from the parade or, if possible, set up a crate in a secure location.\n5. Keep your dog as safe as possible. Keeping your dog in a car is never a safe option, as the heat can give your dog heatstroke – or even kill him – and water must be provided regularly to prevent heat stroke and keep your dog hydrated. Read this article for information on treating heat stroke.\n\n\n## Firework show\n\n1. Consider leaving your dog at home. As with parades, fireworks can be upsetting and even dangerous for dogs. Dogs who are startled by them can run off and escape, and, even if they have an up-to-date tag and microchip, are not guaranteed to be found or returned. Optionally, you can consult a veterinarian for information on drugging your dog, but in general, bringing your dog is discouraged, and should only be done if your dog:\n\t* Has heard fireworks before and did not strongly react to them;\n\t* Has an up-to-date tag and microchip;\n\t* Has basic obedience training; “come” in particular must be rock-solid; and\n\t* Is calm around crowds, playing kids, other dogs, and various other features of fireworks.\n2. Gather your supplies. These are the same as in the section on parades.\n3. Train your dog. If your dog appears anxious, do not reassure him – this will reward him for bad behavior, as in essence he is receiving a yummy treat when he is afraid, telling him that he should be afraid. Instead, give him attention and a treat whenever he is calm; you are now telling him that being calm is good. Use small treats easily swallowed with a strong scent to distract the dog.\n4. Keep an eye on your dog. Signs of anxiety include the dog licking his lips, whimpering, a tense position, and showing the whites of his eyes; if these occur, quietly and calmly remove the dog from the situation. Keep your dog hydrated; bring along a collapsible water bowl and bottles of water and offer water to your dog occasionally. Keep in mind that he may be too stressed to drink – if this happens, the best option may be to remove your dog from the situation. If your dog is calm, you can distract him with treats, a Kong toy stuffed with peanut butter, a favorite toy, or any other desirable object.\n5. Be prepared to leave. If your dog is too stressed by the fireworks, the best option is to immediately leave for your home. If you’re attending the fireworks with others, tell them in advance that you may have to leave if your dog becomes too anxious. At home, have a crate set up in the same manner described in the section on parties. Keep in mind that a car is not a safe option for putting your dog in, as the heat levels can kill him/her; instead, the safest option is to leave with your dog and place him in the crate. Once he’s settled in, you can return to the fireworks and have fun.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to advertise on groupon?", + "input": "", + "output": "Groupon is a deal website that provides printable or digital vouchers for daily deals offered by local businesses. The site allows merchants in various markets around the world to open an online store and post their daily deals via the site. The following answer will teach you how to advertise on Groupon.\n\n## Sign up\n\n1. Go to the Groupon Works site. Unlike the standard Groupon deals pages, which is customer-focused, Groupon Works is designed for merchants. View the testimonials and see how Groupon can help your business.\n2. Click on the Apply Now button. It’s located on the far right of the Groupon Works menu bar.\n3. Fill in the application form. There is a short form to fill out to introduce your company to Groupon. Here are the sections:\n\t* Personal information. This will be the primary contact person with your company for Groupon's sales and marketing team. Asterisked fields are required. Business information. This is just the basic contact information. Again, asterisked fields are required. Business details. This area is somewhat variable. The first menu is a broad overview of industries that would apply to your business:\n\t* Business details, extended. Based on what you choose in the first menu, and additional menu is offered for more specific information about your business. For this example, we chose Service as our primary business, which resulted in the following secondary menu:\n\t* The last section, \"How can we help,\" gives the Groupon sales and marketing teams an idea about what types of offers would best suit your goals and business. When you are satisfied that the form is complete and reflects both your business and your goals, click the Submit button at the bottom of the page. Groupon's automated response page will follow:\n4. Await Groupon's call. You will be contacted by Groupon within 2 weeks to verify your account information, and to discuss the next steps for featuring your business on Groupon!\n\n\n## Type of deal\n\n1. Determine which type of deal is right for you. Groupon started by offering daily deals that required a \"tipping point,\" or a certain number of buyers before the deal was actually active. They've found that tipping point was always reached, so they've done away with it. They've also expanded from the simple 1-deal-a-day approach. Here's an overview of what they offer.\n2. The Featured Deal. This is the traditional deal Groupon became known for. It works like this:\n\t* Consult. Work with your Groupon representative to create a custom offer that meets your business needs. Plan. Create an action plan to help your staff deal with the rush of new customers. Launch. Your deal will be featured for one day on the main Groupon site. This is the page that Groupon subscribers in your locale will see. Connect. Customers buy the deal, and receive a voucher in return. They bring this with them when they come to enjoy your offering. Redeem. You scan the voucher code they bring in, enter it manually into the Merchant Center, or write it down for later entry. Payment. According to Groupon, most business partners get paid in thirds—33% after 7 to 10 days, 33% after 1 month, and 34% after 2 months. Visit the What It Looks Like page to see a breakdown of each part of your deal page.\n3. Groupon Now. Groupon Now is an on-demand service that cater to customers actively exploring your neighborhood for deals. It relies heavily on their mobile application. Review the steps above for The Featured Deal. The significant difference is how the deal is launched. Rather than simply appearing on the Groupon website, the deal is pushed to the mobile app on your potential customer's smart phone. Rather than the printed voucher many may bring using the Featured Deal, the voucher will be on their phone. Visit the What It Looks Like page to see how a deal is structured on a smart phone.\n4. Groupon Rewards. This program offers rewards to your best customers based on your specifications. Groupon offers free analytics to help you track the success of your Groupon marketing efforts, see who your top customers are, and how much they've spent.\n5. Other offerings. Groupon has specialty deals for live music, travel and vacation getaways, national brands, and more. Your Groupon representative can help you determine what's right for your business.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to dress nice every day (for girls)?", + "input": "", + "output": "Dressing nicely each day can take some effort but will ultimately be worth it if your outfits make you feel confident and happy. If you want to look great every day, you will first have to go through your wardrobe and fill it with classic outfit staples. Looking awesome also involves some planning and accessorizing that may take some getting used to but will ultimately result in some stylish outfits.\n\n## Fill your wardrobe\n\n1. Buy classic pieces. To dress nicely, it is important to have some classic pieces in your wardrobe that will never go out of style. Classic pieces are articles of clothing that are generally not too extreme or dated. Instead, they are generally simple and elegant, like a navy blue blazer or a well-crafted black V-neck t-shirt. Though they may sound simple, you can always dress these pieces up with accessories. Basic, classic pieces are generally easier to mix and match, which means that they can be used in a variety of outfits.\n2. Purchase a few accent articles of clothing. To go along with your classic articles of clothing, buy some accent pieces that will make your outfits pop, even if they are simple. These accents could be bright colors that you don’t normally wear or patterns that pop. For example, you could take an outfit that is as simple as a white t-shirt and a navy blue skirt, and make it interesting with a patterned sweater.\n3. Purchase clothes that you can mix and match. When going through your wardrobe, consider whether or not you can use each article of clothing in at least two different outfits. Mixing and matching is an important part of dressing nicely everyday. While you most likely can’t purchase a new outfit for every day of the week, you can buy clothing that you can mix and match to create entirely new and exciting outfits.\n4. Consider your body when picking out your clothes. Certain clothes have cuts that look different on different body types. Look for clothes that flatter your body and make you feel confident. Each person has their idea of what they find flatters their bodies the most, so spend some time trying on different kinds of clothes. For example:\n\t* If you have a ‘Pear’ shape, which means that you have wider hips and a slimmer bust, you could try out an open-neck top, or a dress with an empire waist.\n5. Get rid of clothes that are worn or torn. Part of dressing nicely means giving away or selling old clothes. Clothes get worn out, especially if you wear the same piece a lot, and worn-out clothing does not necessarily look very classy—unless you are going for a look that involves faded clothes and torn jeans. If you find that a shirt has a stain, try your best to get it out, but if the stain remains, it might be time to toss the shirt. Clothes with stains tend to look a little sloppy.\n6. Consider your skin tone when buying your clothes. Picking out clothing that complements your skin tone can make a great outfit that much nicer. Of course, always keep in mind that if you don’t like a color or don’t feel like it looks good on you, don’t wear it. Part of dressing nicely is dressing in things that make you confident and happy; if a certain color matches your skin tone, but you don’t like it anyway, don’t wear it. General guidelines for skin tones and clothing colors include:\n\t* Very light skin tones: Ice tones, pale pinks, greys, baby blues, navies, and grass greens. Medium-light skin tones: Pastel colors, cool reds, and blues. Avoid orange. Medium skin tones: Metallic tones, jewel tones, plums, wine reds, bright blues, deep purples. Medium-dark skin tones: Deep colors like dark greens, bright blues, pale yellows, warm reds. Very dark skin tones: Bright colors like burgundies, cobalt blue, bright orange, and red.\n7. Hang up your clothes and invest in an iron. Another part of dressing nicely is keeping your clothes in tip-top shape. This means hanging up clothes when you can, and ironing folded clothes. If you are not sure how to iron your clothes, click here. You can also try steam pressing your clothes.\n\n\n## Plan your outfit\n\n1. Plan your outfits. One aspect of dressing nicely is taking the time to plan your outfits. This might mean planning your outfit the night before, or planning an entire week’s worth of outfits at the beginning of the week; go with what works best for you. Trying to figure out a great outfit in the morning before school may make you feel a little too stressed, so take some time to consider your wardrobe and try on several different outfits that you could wear. Some girls find that trying out outfits and taking photos of the ones that they like to put in a binder can help them to decide on an outfit when they are in a rush. If you plan a last-minute outing with your friends, simply flip through the binder and pick out a pre-planned outfit.\n2. Consider the occasion you are dressing for. When planning your outfit, think about what you will be doing in that outfit. Different events call for different kinds of clothing. For instance, if you’re going to school, try not to show too much skin, or wear a shirt that is too low cut. On the other hand, if you’re going to the beach with your friends, wearing a summery dress and shoes you can walk through the sand with maybe the way to go. If you are not sure what would be appropriate to wear to a certain event, such as a cousin's baptism, or a job interview, don’t be afraid to ask friends or family for advice.\n3. Wear clothing that makes you feel confident. When picking out your outfit, make sure that you feel good in your clothes. Ultimately, you should be dressing nicely for yourself rather than dressing for anyone else. It is important to feel comfortable and happy in the clothes that you are wearing; projecting confidence and enthusiasm will give your outfit that extra, energetic boost. Try to keep in mind that if someone only likes you when you are dressed up, that person might not have their priorities straight. First and foremost, dress the way that you want to dress.\n4. Try to avoid combining patterns. While you may be able to get away with some very subtle pattern combinations, it is generally a good idea to only have one pattern in your outfit. Clashing patterns can often make an outfit look sloppy. For instance, if you were wearing an argyle sweater, you would most likely want to avoid wearing that sweater with a striped skirt.\n5. Consider using the rule of three. If you are having trouble putting together an outfit, using the ‘rule of three’ can help you to create a quick but elegant ensemble in no time. When using the rule of three, pick out three colors: two that will be your base colors (most likely your shirt and pants or skirt) and one that will be your accent color. Your base colors could be subtler colors that go together well, such as a navy blue shirt and camel skirt. Your accent color should be a brighter color that makes the rest of your outfit pop, such as a red thin belt or a silver-laced scarf.\n6. Try to wear something extra cute at least once a week. While you may want to look nice every day of the week, throwing on an outfit that dazzles once a week can help to make you feel that much more well-dressed. Take the time to come up with this eye-catching ensemble.\n7. Try to avoid wearing the same outfit twice in a week. While this will not be possible if you have to wear a school uniform, or a uniform for work, try to avoid wearing the same outfit two times a week if you are planning on hanging out or being seen by the same people. If you have two different parties to go to, however, and the people at these parties won’t overlap, feel free to consider wearing the same great outfit. By no means does this mean that you avoid wearing the same article of clothing twice a week. If you have a skirt that works well in two different outfits, feel free to rock both of these ensembles in the same week. Remember, mixing and matching is the key to making you feel like you have an endless wardrobe.\n8. Create an emergency outfit. Some days, you might find that you just don’t want to wear the outfit you have planned. On those days, it's important to have an emergency backup outfit. This outfit should be simple, comfortable, and easy to accessorize with. For example, your emergency outfit could be a pair of nice jeans, a tank top in your favorite color, and a cropped sweater. With these basic items already put together, all you need to go is add a necklace, scarf, or rocking pair of shoes and you’ll be good to go.\n\n\n## Accessorizing\n\n1. Pick out some shoes that will look classy. If you are shopping for shoes, try to pick out a couple of pairs that can be worn with most of your outfits. These could be classic black flats, a nice pair of boots, or short wedges that you can wear with your skirts and dresses. Try on the shoes and make sure you can walk in them easily; if you are planning on wearing them with many of your outfits, it’s important to be able to walk in them.\n2. Wear shoes that would for the occasion. As with your clothes, consider the event you are going to when picking out the shoes you will wear that day. In certain formal events, sandals might not be appropriate, while wearing high heels at school might make it hard to get from class to class on time.\n3. Keep your shoes looking brand new. If your shoes get damaged or scuffed, try to buff the marks out, or use polishes to make your shoes look shiny and new again. Part of looking nice is being dressed well—from your head to your feet. If you are not sure how to clean your shoes, take a look at some of the following articles:\n\t* Shine shoes\n\t* Polish shoes\n\t* Wash shoes\n4. Try out different kinds of jewelry. Accessorizing can help to take your outfit to a whole new level. When creating outfits for yourself, try on different kinds of jewelry and see how they change or affect the outfit you are wearing. Sometimes, adding a statement necklace or chandelier earrings can take your outfit from nice to outstanding. However, try not to over-accessorize. For example, if you are planning on wearing a chunky necklace, try wearing a small pair of stud earrings, rather than a pair of dangling earrings that could make your jewelry feel overbearing.\n5. Consider where you want the focus to be when accessorizing. Jewelry can draw a person’s eye, which can be both a great thing and an unwanted thing. For example, if you want your focus to be on your face, wear large or dangling earrings. If you want the focus to be on the rest of your outfit, consider wearing a longer necklace that ties your whole outfit together. However, if you are wearing a low-cut shirt, try to refrain from wearing a longer necklace, as it might draw too much attention to your chest area.\n6. Try out different kinds of accessories. Accessories are not just limited to jewelry and shoes. You can spice up an outfit by adding an accent scarf, a colorful belt, or a stylish hat. Play around with different kinds of accessories that fit into your style.\n7. Create your own ‘golden rule’. The ‘golden rule’ refers to the maximum number of accessories you will allow yourself. This is completely based on your own opinion. Some people like to layer necklaces and wear funky shoes. Others, prefer a chic minimalist style in which you choose one or two accessories that compliment your outfit. Remember that you can change your golden rule when you feel like it doesn’t reflect your personality anymore. For instance, maybe you like wearing three necklaces and a bunch of bracelets, but during the year your preferences chance and you decide to limit yourself to three accessories; go with what will make you feel happy and confident.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to study using a game method?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Play the concentration game\n\n1. Create game pieces. Make small cards using paper or something sturdier such as cardstock. Cut small squares out and be sure to make each piece the same size. Since this is a memory game, it is important that each card looks the same so you are unable to differentiate one card from the next.\n2. Write out information on game pieces. Work in pairs when writing out your review information on these cards. Write down a vocabulary word on the first card in the pair and its definition on the second. Continue writing on your cards until each review item has been covered. This game words best when reviewing things like definitions, spelling, examples, etc.\n3. Organize your cards. Flip over all your cards so that the writing is underneath. Place your cards face down and organize them into rows and columns until every game piece is situated.\n4. Flip over one card. Begin the game by choosing just one card to turn over. Read the definition or vocabulary word and choose one more card to turn over. If you flipped over the correct card, you should have a pair in which both cards are a match. When first starting out, this game is sheer luck, but after a few tries you will be able to remember where each card lies and can do your best to find its correct match.\n5. Set aside pairs. When you have found two cards that are a match, set that pair aside so that your game board becomes smaller. Continue playing until every card has been turned over and you have created matches for each game piece. When you are finished playing, you can simply shuffle your cards and redistribute them to create your game board and play again.\n\n\n## Play with card\n\n1. Obtain a deck of cards. The first thing you need to do is get an entire deck of cards. Be sure you aren’t missing any because it will affect how you play the game.\n2. Create a list of review items. Using your study materials, create a list of items you want to review. This list must be numbered and can be anything from definitions to vocabulary.\n3. Pull out face cards from your deck. You want to eliminate any face cards from your deck because the only cards needed are those with numbers. You may set the face cards aside until you have finished playing. An alternative to pulling out face cards is using them to play the game. Treat these cards like wild cards and whenever you draw one you can choose to review any item from your list that you wish to review.\n4. Shuffle your cards. It is very important to shuffle your deck. By doing this, you will ensure that each review item gets chosen by mixing up the numbers within the deck.\n5. Draw cards. Place your cards in a pile after shuffling them and draw the first card off the top. You may set aside all the cards you have already drawn.\n6. Review information corresponding to the number on each card. Look at the number on the card you drew and find the corresponding number on your list of review items. Review the information for that particular number. Continue to draw cards and review the information corresponding to those cards until you have gone through the entire deck.\n\n\n## Play a guess game\n\n1. Create a list of questions. Before generating a list of game questions, you must first go through all of your study materials and review critical information. While reviewing, form questions and produce a list.\n2. Cut small pieces of paper. Once your list is created you are ready to craft several pieces of small paper. These pieces of paper will serve as the main game pieces. Use card stock or heavy-duty paper for sturdy game pieces. Use sticky notes as another option to quickly create piece.\n3. Number papers. You created your main game pieces so now you must number them according to how many questions you developed.\n4. Put papers in container. Place all of your numbered game pieces into the container and be careful not to forget any. Be sure to shake the container once you’ve put all your game pieces inside to ensure the pieces are mixed sufficiently.\n5. Draw paper from container. Keep your list of questions next to you as you pull pieces out of the container. Choose randomly from the container and read the number on the piece of paper.\n6. Answer corresponding questions. Find the number on your question list that corresponds to the number on your game piece and read that question.\n7. Set aside used pieces. After answering each question, put the used game pieces aside so as not to repeat any. If you are unable to recall the correct answers to any questions you can make two piles designating one for challenging questions and one for easy questions. When you play the game for again, you can just put the challenging questions inside the container and spend less time reviewing the questions you already know.\n8. Repeat steps until container is empty. Continue draw the papers from the container until you’ve used them all. To play again, simply fill up the container and start over.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to dress for a 90s party?", + "input": "", + "output": "At the moment, 1990s-themed parties are hugely popular and can be immensely fun if you show up in the right outfit. Start by doing some research into popular celebrities and film or TV characters from the decade to get a sense for the fashions of the 90s. Then decide whether you want to copy an iconic look or riff off a popular trend. Choose one of the decade’s overarching trends and try to emulate the trend’s color palette and overall silhouettes in your outfit. Once you’re dressed the part, “party like it’s 1999”!\n\n## Recreate a 90s grunge look\n\n1. Opt for drab, slouchy clothes. Create an outfit made up of dark, murky colors and oversized garments. Try pairing baggy ripped jeans with a slouchy striped sweater in drab hues. Or throw an oversized, boxy leather jacket over a lived-in t-shirt featuring your favorite 90s grunge band. Look to Kurt Cobain for grunge inspiration. You could also try a slouchy top half with an acid-wash miniskirt and shredded tights for a more girly take on grunge. Finish off your look with long stringy hair and add some red eye makeup under your eyes to get that exhausted grunge appearance.\n2. Mix in satin, lace, and floral prints for a romantic grunge look. Try a more glamorous take on grunge by assembling an outfit inspired by Courtney Love. Start with a feminine piece like a lace-trimmed satin slip dress or a cotton floral-printed dress. Then layer grunge elements over it. Drape an oversized cardigan or plaid flannel shirt over your dress and accessorize with chokers and chains and combat boots. Add smudged black eyeliner and deep red lipstick to complete your look.\n3. Don’t forget to add an oversized plaid flannel shirt to your outfit. These shirts were a staple in 90s grunge. The oversized flannel plaid button-down can be worn with practically anything. Just be sure to pick one that’s about 3 sizes too big and that features dull, drab colors. Throw your flannel shirt over a lived-in graphic t-shirt or a feminine dress. Or tie it around your waist for a casual, careless look.\n4. Incorporate acid-wash denim into your look. Opt for light- or medium-wash hues and acid or stonewashed textures. Try using it sparingly with 1 garment, like an oversized denim jacket or ripped baggy jeans. If you have time to do some DIY-ing, try creating a patchwork denim dress or skirt. If you want to really make an entrance, go all-out with a head-to-toe denim outfit. Acid-wash denim can also be glammed up with silver-toned accessories and more formal silhouettes. Look up the iconic denim outfits worn by Britney Spears and Justin Timberlake to see what’s possible.\n5. Finish off your grunge look with a pair of combat boots. Whether you’re wearing baggy bottoms or black tights slip into a pair of combat boots. Aim for shoes in the style of Doc Martens or Timberland. Try a pair of second-hand shoes – the more worn-in, the better.\n\n\n## Dress like a 90s prep\n\n1. Start with bold plaid suiting. For guys, this means choosing plaid trousers or a boxy plaid sports jacket with roomy trousers. For women, pick a bold-colored tweed or plaid blazer and pleated miniskirt to achieve the schoolgirl look that was prevalent in the 90s. Add over-the-knee white socks and Mary Jane shoes to a plaid miniskirt. For a sassier schoolgirl look, try a white crop top or tied button-down under the blazer to show off your belly button. Model your outfit after the costumes in Clueless or Britney Spears’ “...Baby One More Time” look. You can either recreate one of these iconic costumes or pick out elements to inspire an original outfit.\n2. Mix brightly-colored tops, bottoms, and sunglasses. The fashion of the 1990s contained some holdovers from the 1980s, most notably the saturated, fluorescent colors and prints. Work these into your preppy outfit with a color-blocked windbreaker. Or pair a bold-colored top with equally saturated trousers in a clashing color. Accessorize with Oakley-style sunglasses with slim oval or rectangular rims featuring tinted lenses. Play with color combinations like orange and pink, yellow and blue, or red and purple. For a masculine high school prep look, wear an oversized letterman jacket, a pastel-colored polo with a popped collar, and pastel trousers. Alternatively, try creating a more casual and youthful outfit with all of this color, like those worn in Saved By the Bell.\n3. Try an oversized button-down and trousers for a take on 90s business casual. Graduate your preppy look to a yuppie one and riff on the decade’s emerging business casual look. Pair pleated trousers with a boxy sports jacket, or choose chinos and an oversized but tucked-in dress shirt with bright vertical stripes. Opt for a black crewneck t-shirt under a boxy sports jacket. Re-watch Friends and pay close attention to the workwear outfits shown.\n\n\n## Follow 90s urban trend\n\n1. Choose bold and baggy pieces for a hip-hop or R&B-inspired outfit. Artists of the time mixed brightly colored African-influenced prints with high-end sportswear and baggy bottoms and jackets. For a men’s outfit, combine these influences in an all-oversized look. For a women’s outfit, pair baggier pieces with fitted pieces to nail the look while showing off your curves. Get inspired by the outfits worn by girl groups like TLC or Salt-N-Pepa or male soloists like Ice Cube and Tupac Shakur. As a woman, try either pairing a baggy jacket with slim leggings or a crop top with loose-fitting cargo pants. Accessorize with big hoop earrings or a bandana.\n2. Choose athletic pieces like track gear and chunky sneakers. Air Jordans were huge at the time, so pick out a pair of flashy, bulky sneakers. Try a muscle tank or a zip-up track jacket with stripes running down the sleeves. Beyond hip-hop artists, quite a few 90s boy bands sported the athletic-inspired outfits. Check out photos of Dream Street for reference. Rep your favorite team with a swishy starter jacket or old sports jersey. Women can get the look by slightly altering the silhouette. Try a high ponytail and a fitted crop top over low-slung track pants and platform sneakers à la Sporty Spice.\n3. Top off your outfit with a 90s bucket hat, snapback hat, or scrunchie. Popular 90s headgear crossed the boundaries from hip-hop to preppy, so feel free to experiment. Bucket hats are great for masculine and feminine looks alike. Try a snapback for a more masculine effect or a scrunchie to make your outfit more girly. Tie your hair up in a high ponytail or 2 pigtails with a colorful scrunchie. To get an authentic-looking 90s outfit, pick up a snapback hat from the decade itself. Consider wearing your snapback hat backward with the adjustable strap at your forehead. Choose a classic bucket hat in a solid-color canvas, or go wild with a plaid or fuzzy-textured bucket hat.\n4. Accessorize with chains. Try a chain belt slung low on the hips over flared denim. For a more masculine look, wear a thick chain connected to your belt loop and wallet. You can lean towards bling with elaborate gold chains. Or keep your look grungey with heavy silver-toned or gunmetal chains.\n\n\n## Sport 90s mainstream and high fashion\n\n1. Choose loud prints and graphics to recall casual 90s apparel. In the 90s, practically no print was off-limits. Play around with animal prints, paisley, small florals, plaid, Hawaiian florals, and camouflage. Or throw on a baggy graphic t-shirt featuring your favorite 90s bans or TV show. Skate culture blew up in the 90s. Try a skater-inspired t-shirt and look to characters like Travis in Clueless for ideas. Try camo and animal prints in either natural colors or bold, saturated hues.\n2. Wear flares, halter tops, and flashy fabrics to nail the 90s disco revival. Just as the 1990s are being revived in the 2010s, the 1970s were being revived in the 1990s! This revealed itself through halter tops, flared jeans, platform shoes, and materials like sequins and colorful pleather. For women, try a pair of hip-hugging flare jeans with a cropped halter top to get the best of the-90s-does-the-70s fashion.\n3. Try a metallic mini-dress for supermodel-inspired evening attire. Before the year 2000 (Y2K), space- and tech-inspired silvery, frosted colors and fabrics were popular. Recreate this look with a shiny silver or frosted pastel dress. Look for one with tank or spaghetti straps and either an empire waist or a shift dress silhouette. Add maribou trim to your dress’ hemline to get even more in the 90s mood. Try pairing pastel platform heels or strappy silver stilettos with your dress. Look at photos of supermodels like Kate Moss and Naomi Campbell, as well as the iconic party dresses worn in Romy and Michele, for inspiration.\n4. Accessorize with popular 90s jewelry items like chokers and mood rings. For women, pick out a black plastic stretchy choker to add some 90s sass to your outfit. Slip on a color-changing mood ring to really get in the mood. Piercings were popular during the 90s, so slip on a fake belly-button ring (for ladies) or a small stud or hoop (for guys) if you don’t already have a piercing. Sport a brightly colored and patterned snap bracelet on your wrist. Add a hemp bracelet or choker to a slouchy masculine outfit.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to get around st. louis on the cheap?", + "input": "", + "output": "Whether you're traveling around St. Louis on vacation, visiting the area on business or live in the metro area, there are several ways to get around St. Louis on the cheap. The city's bus, train or van metro system are among the cheapest ways to get around. Another good note is that if you're visiting the dowtown STL area during the week, there are often \"City Guide\" personnel roaming (either on bike or foot), that will assist with any directions.\n\n## Plan your trip\n\n1. Use St. Louis area maps to make getting around easier and cheaper. The St. Louis Convention and Visitor's Commission offers several downtown, metro and area maps that can help you plan your visit.\n2. Use the trip planner on the St. Louis Metro Transit website to plan the easiest and least costly routes around the city. The planner can help you choose between taking a taxi, the MetroBus or MetroLink train.\n\n\n## Ride the metrolink\n\n1. Purchase MetroLink tickets at vending machines in MetroLink stations. You can buy tickets or weekly and monthly passes with cash or a credit card. You can also purchase passes at the downtown St. Louis MetroRide store or online at the St. Louis Metro website. Buy either a 1-hour, 2-hour or 1-day pass for the MetroLink system. Two-hour and day passes also give you access to the MetroBus system while traveling in St. Louis. Passes start at just $2 for adults.\n2. Choose which MetroLink line you need to take to reach your destination. The MetroLink operates a Red Line between the Lambert Airport in Missouri and the Shiloh-Scott Station in Illinois. The Blue Line operates between the Shrewsbury-Lansdowne I-44 stop in Missouri and a station in Fairview Heights, Illinois.\n\n\n## Ride the metrobus\n\n1. Plan a MetroBus route. You can travel from Illinois to Missouri via MetroBus routes. The system's stops include many of the city's major attractions, like the civic center, Laclede's Landing and Busch Stadium. Use the MetroBus schedule to help find the best route to your destination before purchasing your tickets. Some routes may be quickest and less expensive if you combine a ride on the MetroBus with the MetroLink.\n2. Pay your MetroBus fare with exact change as you board, or purchase a MetroBus pass or tickets ahead of time at the MetroRide store in downtown St. Louis or online. If you'll be using both MetroLink and MetroBus, consider buying a combo fare pass at the store to save money.\n\n\n## Use the metro call-a-ride service\n\n1. Call for door-to-door transportation service in many areas of the city through the Metro Call-a-ride program. The service is available as a link to the MetroBus or MetroLink services, or from other designated locations. Call-a-Ride rates start at $13.\n2. Consider using the Metro Call-A-Ride if you or anyone in your party has a disability. The ride program is available for those who qualify for the Americans With Disabilities Act at a reduced rate starting at $4.\n3. Call 314-652-3617 or toll free 888-652-3617, up to a week in advance to reserve curb-side service from Metro Call-A-Ride. You can make reservations the day you travel, but Call-a-Ride cannot guarantee you space.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to solve the shakespeare puzzle in silent hill 3?", + "input": "", + "output": "Silent Hill 3 is the third installment in the Silent Hill video game series. It is considered to be a survival horror video game in which your character must solve different puzzles and psychological challenges in order to advance. The Shakespeare puzzle can be found during the Shopping Center stage. It’s inside a bookstore called My Bestsellers.\n\n## Solve the puzzle on easy mode\n\n1. Pick up the Shakespeare books that have fallen on the ground. In this difficulty, there will only be 2 books on the ground: Anthology 1 and Anthology 3.\n2. Examine the bookshelf. You’ll be allowed to place the books you found on the floor in the empty slots.\n3. Click on Anthology 1 and place it on the first slot of the bookshelf.\n4. Click on Anthology 3 and place it on the third slot on the bookshelf. A code will appear after placing the two books correctly.\n5. Use the code on the door at the back side of the bookstore. In this puzzle, you only need to arrange the books in the proper order: (from left to right) Anthology 1, Anthology 2, Anthology 3, Anthology 4, and then Anthology 5.\n\n\n## Solve the puzzle on normal mode\n\n1. Read the note on the door. It will read “Fair is foul, and foul is fair. Put these books out of order.”\n2. Pick up all the books on the floor. There will be 5 books in normal mode.\n3. Examine the bookshelf. You’ll be allowed to place the books on the empty space on the shelf. Put the books in randomly; order doesn’t matter as this puzzle is generated randomly.\n4. Take a good look at the books. You’ll see there are black markings on it; this is the code you need.\n5. Arrange the books until you get the correct order. It won’t be too hard as the numbers are written quite obviously. Try to make out the numbers written on the spine of the books and keep moving them until you get it right.\n\n\n## Solve the puzzle on hard mode\n\n1. Know the title of each anthology book. In order to find the title of the book, you’ll need to open your inventory and choose to examine the book. Anthology 1 is Romeo and Juliet\n\t* Anthology 2 is King Lear\n\t* Anthology 3 is Macbeth\n\t* Anthology 4 is Hamlet\n\t* Anthology 5 is Othello\n2. Decipher the first stanza of the clue. This stanza mentions “The first words at thy left hand.”\n\t* This is an instruction for solving the puzzle; meaning you’ll need to arrange the books from left to right.\n3. Place Anthology 4 on the first spot on the left side of the bookshelf. The first stanza mentions “false lunacy” and “incomprehensible words,” which is a reference to the plot of Hamlet.\n4. Place Anthology 1 on the second spot of the bookshelf. The second stanza is the easiest to decipher “playing at death” and “nameless lover” refers to the last part of Romeo and Juliet.\n5. Place Anthology 5 on the third spot on the bookshelf. This stanza is a reference to Othello, referring to the innocence of Desdemona and the lies of Iago.\n6. Place Anthology 2 on the fourth spot on the bookshelf. This stanza refers to the story of King Lear, where his daughter Cordelia refuses to speak about how much she loves her father as opposed to the false flattery of her sisters.\n7. Place Anthology 3 on the last spot on the bookshelf. And with all 5 books on the bookshelf you would have the correct code.\n8. Decipher the last clue. 41523 is not the pass code; on the sixth stanza, you will be instructed to more. “41523—One vengeful man spilled blood for two” (Hamlet). This means you will have to double Hamlet, which is Anthology 4. Now our code is 81523. “81523—Two youths shed tears for 3”; this refers to Romeo and Juliet, so you must replace 1 with 3. Our code now is 83523. Finally, “3 witches disappear” (reference to Macbeth), which is Anthology 3. You’ll have to remove it from the code. The final pass code is 8352.\n9. Enter the code on the door to unlock it. The puzzle in hard mode does not randomize; the code will always be 8352 on any Silent Hill 3 game.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to get rid of neck acne?", + "input": "", + "output": "Neck acne can be as frustrating as acne on your face. The skin on your neck is thicker than the skin on your face (the acne that appears here is more like body acne than face acne) and may produce more oil, sometimes leading to more severe acne or cystic lesions. The best way to get rid of neck acne is with a good cleansing routine and an occasional skin treatment. If your acne does not improve within a few months or if it appears infected, then you should see a doctor for help.\n\n## Cleanse your neck\n\n1. Wash your neck at least twice a day. Keeping your neck clean is the best way to start getting rid of neck acne. You should take a shower to wash your neck at least once per day. If you sweat a lot, such as after a workout, then take another shower.\n2. Use a gentle cleanser to clean your neck. Find a gentle cleanser that is labeled as “non-comedogenic” or “oil-free” to use on your neck. Products that are non-comedogenic will not clog your pores so they should help to clear up your neck acne. Check the label to be sure that a product is non-comedogenic. Check to make sure that the products you buy are alcohol-free as well. Alcohol may irritate your neck acne and make it worse.\n3. Apply cleanser to your neck using only your fingers. Do not use a washcloth, sponge, or other abrasive materials to apply cleanser to your neck because this can cause irritation, scarring, and worsen the existing acne. Instead, use your fingertips to gently apply the cleanser to your neck. Do not scrub aggressively. Rinse your neck well after you finish washing it. Pat your neck dry with a clean cotton towel.\n4. Avoid irritants. You may not realize it, but your clothing or accessories may be contributing to your neck acne and making it worse. Avoid tight collared shirts, scarves, and turtlenecks, as these may irritate the acne. Make sure anything that touches your neck is clean. Also, avoid touching the area and never pick at or scratch your acne, as this can cause scarring. Try not to use oily sunscreens and don't cover the acne with foundation or makeup. If you use a hairstyling product, make sure it doesn't come in contact with your neck. If you have long hair, the oil from your hair may be getting on the back of your neck. Try wearing your hair up in a ponytail while you treat your acne.\n\n\n## Use a sea salt treatment\n\n1. Gather your ingredients. Making a sea salt treatment is easy and the ingredients are available in most grocery stores. It exfoliates your skin and can dry out acne. To make a sea salt treatment, you will need:\n\t* 1 cup hot water\n\t* 1 teaspoon sea salt\n\t* Green tea bag and/or 1 – 2 tablespoons aloe vera\n2. Brew a cup of green tea. Green tea extract has been found to be effective as a treatment for acne, but using a cup of green tea as a base for this treatment should also help. You can either use one teaspoon of green tea leaves in a tea infuser or use a green tea bag. Place the tea bag or infuser into a mug. Then, boil some water and pour about 1 cup of water over the green tea. Let the tea steep for about three minutes and then remove the tea bag or infuser.\n3. Dissolve 1 teaspoon of sea salt in the tea. Measure out 1 teaspoon of sea salt and add it to the cup of tea. Stir the sea salt until it completely dissolves in the tea.\n4. Add a tablespoon of aloe vera. Aloe vera has been found to be effective against acne and it also has moisturizing properties. You can add this instead of the tea, or try combining the green tea and aloe vera into one mixture. Add 1 tablespoon of aloe vera to the sea salt solution and stir well. If you want to skip the green tea and only use aloe vera, mix 2 tablespoons of aloe vera gel with 1 tablespoon of sea salt. This will make a scrub that you can apply directly to your neck.\n5. Apply the mixture to your neck. Make sure that the solution is not so hot that it might burn your neck. Allow it to cool down a bit first. Then, you can apply the solution by soaking a clean cotton washcloth in the solution and placing the cloth over your neck. If you only have few places that you want to treat, then you can dip a cotton swab or cotton ball into the solution and apply it as needed.\n6. Leave the solution on for about five minutes. Don’t leave the sea salt solution on your skin any longer or it may dry out your skin too much. After time is up, rinse off your neck with lukewarm water and gently dry off your neck with a clean, cotton towel.\n7. Moisturize your neck. After the sea salt treatment, apply some moisturizer to your neck. Make sure that you use a non-comedogenic moisturizer to avoid making the acne worse.\n8. Repeat the sea salt treatment once per day. Do not use this treatment more than once per day or you may dry out your skin too much, even if you moisturize after. Limit yourself to one sea salt treatment per day.\n\n\n## Use an egg white mask\n\n1. Gather your ingredients. Some of the things you can readily find in your kitchen are thought to have antibacterial and healing properties, allowing you to quickly whip up an acne-fighting mask. You will need:\n\t* 1/2 tablespoon of dark colored honey (darker honey has more antibacterial properties)\n\t* 1 egg white (do not use the yolk)\n\t* 1 teaspoon fresh lemon juice\n2. Combine the ingredients in a small bowl. Use a whisk or fork to mix the egg white and lemon juice until it becomes frothy, then add the honey. Make sure that everything is well combined. You may wish to add other household items, such as 1 teaspoon of witch hazel (which has anti-inflammatory properties) or a few drops of an essential oil like peppermint, spearmint, lavender, or calendula, but it is unclear if these will enhance or reduce the effectiveness of the treatment.\n3. Spread the paste over your neck. If you want to treat your whole neck, then you can use your fingers to spread the paste over your neck. If you want to treat a smaller area, then you can use a cotton swab or cotton ball to spread the paste over specific problem areas.\n4. Allow the paste to dry on your neck and then rinse. Leave the paste alone for about 15 minutes, then rinse it away with lukewarm water. You may need to hop in the shower to do this. Use your fingers to break up the paste as you rinse it away. Pat your skin dry and then apply a non-comedogenic moisturizer to complete the treatment.\n\n\n## Treat neck acne with medication\n\n1. Try over-the-counter treatments. Face washes and topical treatments containing benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, sulfur, or resorcinol acid are all effective acne-fighters and are available over-the-counter. You may find products targeted specifically at treating body acne, which may be more effective than products meant to be used on your face. Just make sure you don't forget and use the body product on the delicate skin of your face or the front of your neck.\n2. Ask about retinoid creams. Retinoid creams can help to unclog your pores and eliminate acne on your neck, but you will need to get a prescription from your doctor or dermatologist.\n3. Discuss the use of antibiotics. Your doctor may prescribe a prescription-strength topical antibiotic, such as clindamycin, to apply to your neck, which kills acne-causing bacteria. It may also reduce redness. You will need to apply it twice daily and combine it with benzoyl peroxide, as this prevents the bacteria from becoming immune to the antibiotic.\n4. Talk to your doctor about oral contraceptive pills if you are a woman. Oral contraceptives can help to reduce acne in some women, but only if the acne is related to shifts in your hormones. Keep in mind that oral contraceptives have side effects and they should not be used if you are planning to become pregnant.\n5. Consider steroid injections for cystic acne. If your dermatologist determines that the acne on the back of your neck is a nodular or cystic lesion, your doctor may decide to inject the lesion directly with a steroid. This can quickly reduce swelling and heal the acne. It may also reduce scarring. Side effects of this treatment include thinning of the skin, increased sensitivity to light, and may temporarily case the fat under your skin to atrophy, giving the area a \"sunken\" appearance.\n6. Consider isotretinoin for severe acne. Isotretinoin is a strong medicine that should only be used if other methods of controlling acne fail to work. Isotretinoin can clear up severe acne in a couple of months, but it also has some severe risks including:\n\t* Ulcerative colitis\n\t* Liver damage\n\t* Inflammatory bowel disease\n\t* Depression\n\t* Bone changes\n\t* Severe birth defects\n7. Look into laser treatments for acne. Laser treatments can also help to get rid of acne by reducing the size of oil glands and making them less active as well. Some forms of laser therapy also use topical medicine to make the laser more effective. Keep in mind that you will need multiple treatments in order for laser therapy to work.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to get a babysitting license?", + "input": "", + "output": "Babysitting is an important job. Whether you are a teenager looking to make some extra cash or an adult looking to do child care as your profession, babysitting certifications can help. Courses or online programs can give younger babysitters the knowledge and credentials necessary to gain clients and become skilled babysitters.\n\n## Take class at the red cross\n\n1. Contact your local Red Cross Center. Most Red Cross centers across the United States offer courses in “Babysitting Basics,” “Babysitting Training,” and “Advanced Child Care.” The Red Cross is a nationally-recognized and widely respected organization, so it is an excellent choice for babysitting training courses.\n2. Select the course that is right for you. The “Babysitting Training” course is the most extensive and effective option. This on-site class last for 7 hours over the course of 1 day. “Babysitting basics” and “Advanced Child Care” are both online courses. Each lasts for 4 hours, and can be completed at your own pace. Babysitting Training is recommended for students aged 11-15. Babysitting Basics is intended for students 11 and up. Advanced Child Care does not carry an age requirement, but is geared toward experienced babysitters.\n3. Pay the appropriate fee. The “Babysitting Training” course, once again, is the most comprehensive overview. The fee for this course is $85. The “Babysitting Basics” online course is $29. The “Advanced Child Care” course costs $49, although it is sometimes on sale at half-price (for $24.50). These fees are due at the time of registration.\n4. Attend the class. If you have signed up for the “Babysitting Training” course, make your way to your local Red Cross center on the date of your course. Students are instructed to bring a lunch. If you have registered for one of the online courses, log in and begin working whenever you have a couple of hours to dedicate to learning. When you have completed the course, you will receive a certificate. The Babysitting Training course focuses on developing leadership skills, developing a babysitting business, keeping kids safe and helping children behave, and learning about basic child care and basic first aid. The Babysitting Basics class focuses on staying safe, what to do in an emergency, selecting age-appropriate activities, and handling a variety of behaviors. The Advanced Babysitting course focuses on how to take care of children outside of the home. It teaches students how to keep children safe and happy in a variety of situations. You will not need to pass a test. Simply complete the course to earn your certificate.\n5. Take a CPR and First Aid class. Although it is not required, it is strongly encouraged for all babysitters to take a course in CPR and First Aid. These courses are also offered through the Red Cross. Certifications in CPR and First Aid increase make you a more hireable babysitter. The Red Cross Adult and Pediatric First Aid/CPR class meets for 6.5 hours. The cost is $110. The certification you earn will be good for 2 years.\n\n\n## Complete an online course\n\n1. Find an online babysitting course. Numerous online agencies offer courses in babysitting. Look for an online training course geared toward your needs (such as infant care or early childhood development). Search for an option that fits your budget. Many childcare licensing agencies offer free babysitting courses. Check your local childcare licensing agency’s website or call and ask if they have any upcoming courses. Free courses generally do not grant \"certificates,\" however, they may still offer valuable knowledge. Online babysitting courses range from as low as $20 to as high as $200.\n2. Verify that this source is reputable. Although there are many online options for babysitting classes, not all of them may be worthwhile. Look for a company with positive online reviews as well as testimonials from clients. Also, look for a contact telephone number, call them, and ask them some questions over the phone. A company that you cannot reach by phone is probably not a good choice.\n3. Make sure you meet the requirements. Some training programs are geared towards students of a specific age. For example, some are created for young adults (usually ages 11-15), while others are for older students. Additionally, some course like you to already have a background in childcare, while others are for beginners. Finally, some courses require you to be fluent in English, while others do not. Be sure you meet any requirements for the course before you enroll. Most babysitting courses are geared toward younger people (often ages 11-17). If you are an adult looking to train in babysitting, search for \"advanced\" courses.\n4. Pay the fee. Various courses will have various fees. Some online babysitting classes are as low as $20, and may go as high as $200. Select a course that you feel good about, and pay the appropriate fee at the time of registration.\n5. Take the course. Once you have registered and paid the fee, you simply need to log in and complete the course. Various courses will span different timelines. Most courses can run anywhere from 4 to 12 hours. In general, the benefit of these online courses is that they may be completed at your own pace. Most courses combine learning modules with short quizzes and tests. Once you have passed the course, you will be able to print out a certificate.\n\n\n## Become a “licensed childcare provider” in your state\n\n1. Decide if you want a career in childcare. Becoming a state licensed childcare provider is more than just “babysitting.” It means that you are a small business owner responsible for the health, happiness, and development of small children. Before seeking a childcare license, ask yourself the following questions:\n\t* Do I enjoy working with children? Am I knowledgeable about child development or willing to learn? Am I ready to be a small business owner? Do I have the resources I need to start my own childcare business?\n2. Contact the proper department in your state. In each state, there is a department that handles the licensing of childcare providers. Each state will have different specific requirements for gaining your childcare license (such as age and education requirements), so it is important to contact your state before you take any steps. Ask the department for a childcare business application and review the application to ensure you, your intended program, and your property meet the requirements. In Illinois, this is either the Department of Health and Human Services (DHS), or the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS). In California, this is the Department of Social Services (CDSS). In Missouri, this is the Department of Health and Senior Services. In Florida, child care licenses are issued by the Department of Children and Families (DCF).\n3. Pass background checks. Once you are sure that you meet the age and education requirements in your state, you will need to pass a criminal background check through your state agency. They will also ensure that you do not appear on the national or state–level sex offender registries or within the Child Abuse and Neglect Tracking System. Each state is different, but you may be disqualified if you have been convicted of a felony. You will likewise be disqualified if you have been convicted of a sex crime, are listed in any sex offender registry, or have been convicted of child abuse or neglect. Additionally, they may look into your driving record and general criminal history.\n4. Pass an inspection. The next step in becoming a licensed childcare provider in your state is for the location to pass an inspection. Whether you plan to open a daycare center or to care for children in your home, an inspector will need to come out and ensure that you meet all the standard health and safety requirements. Once again, these will vary by state, so it is imperative for you to check with your local government agency. Contact your local agency to procure a list of safety requirements, and make any adjustments, before requesting an inspection. For example, some states require you to have a fence around a swimming pool.\n5. Apply for a license through your state. After you have met the age and education requirements, passed the appropriate background checks, and passed the home/facility inspection, you are eligible to apply for a license in your state. Once again, you will need to contact the appropriate department in your given state and follow the particulars of your state’s procedures.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to get pure flix?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Use a phone or tablet\n\n1. Open your phone or tablet's app store. This is the App Store on iOS and Play Store on Android. Look for the app on your home screen or app menu and tap to open it.\n2. Search for Pure Flix. Tap the search bar and type \"pure flix\".\n3. Tap the Pure Flix App to open it. Check that the publisher is Pure Flix Digital. If you cannot find Pure Flix, you may be on an older software version that is unsupported. Check for a software update in your settings. Pure Flix requires iOS 10.0 or later for iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch, and Apple TV. Pure Flix requires Android 4.2 or higher on Android phones and tablets.\n4. Tap +Get or Install to download the app. You may need to confirm your credentials. The app will be added to your home screen or app menu when finished downloading.\n5. Open the app. Look for a blue icon that says \"Pure Flix\" on your home screen or app menu. Tap the app to open.\n6. Sign in with your Pure Flix username and password. If you do not have an account, sign up for a plan on the Pure Flix website: https://signup.pureflix.com/signup/plans\n\n\n## Use a computer\n\n1. Open a browser on your computer. This can be any standard modern browser, such as Chrome, Safari, Edge, Firefox, and IE11.\n2. Navigate to https://www.pureflix.com/. Type or copy the address in the address bar, or click the link.\n3. Click Sign In. This is in the top right corner of the screen.\n4. Enter your username and password and click Sign In. If you do not have an account, create one by clicking Create an Account.\n5. Use the navigation bar at the top to search or browse for movies and shows. Click on a show or movie to stream it. Cast your browser tab to a TV if you prefer to use a bigger screen by using Chromecast.\n\n\n## Use a smart tv\n\n1. Launch your Smart TV. This may be Apple TV, Amazon Fire, Roku, Samsung Smart TV, or another Smart TV.\n2. Open the app store on your Smart TV. This may be called something different for every Smart TV, but look for an app store on your main home screen.\n3. Search for Pure Flix. Use the app store's search bar and type in \"pure flix\".\n4. Download the Pure Flix app. Look for a button that says Download, Install, or Get.\n5. Launch the app and login. Find the app on your home screen with the other apps for your Smart TV.\n\n\n## Use an xbox one\n\n1. Launch the XBOX dashboard. Start your XBOX one and sign in if you are not already. The dashboard is the home screen that appears when you are signed in.\n2. Open the XBOX Store. Use the left analog stick or directional pad to select the Store tab on the right.\n3. Search for Pure Flix. Navigate down to the search bar and enter in \"pure flix\".\n4. Select the Pure Flix app and select Get. This will install the Pure Flix app on your XBOX One.\n5. Login to your account once installed. You can find this app on your dashboard in the future.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to get a copy of your approved i‐140 notice?", + "input": "", + "output": "When your Form I-140 petition is approved, you will receive a Form I-797 Notice of Action. You can get a copy of this notice by sending a request to the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) department. However, you might want a copy of the Form I-140 petition itself. In this situation, you will need to make a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to USCIS.\n\n## Request a copy of your approval notice\n\n1. Download Form I-824. This is the form you need to fill out to get a copy of your Form I-797 Notice of Action. The form is available for download from the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website. You should download it in PDF format and also get a copy of the instructions. You can also request a form by calling 1-800-375-5283. You cannot use this form if your approval notice has expired or been revoked.\n2. Get a copy of the original petition or application. If available, send a copy of the original I-140 petition. If you don’t have a copy, then ask your employer to provide you with one. However, if you don’t have it, then you don’t need to include it.\n3. Make a copy of your Form I-797. If you have your Form I-797 (but want an additional copy), then send a copy along with your application. You need to submit both the front and the back. If you don’t have the Form I-797, then you don’t need to send it.\n4. Complete Form I-824. You can complete the form in PDF format. Type in the requested information. Answer all questions and type “N/A” or “not applicable” to anything that applies. The form will ask for the following information:\n\t* your reason for the request: check “A duplicate approval notice”\n\t* name\n\t* date of birth\n\t* country of birth\n\t* identifying information, such as Alien Registration Number, Social Security Number, IRS Tax Number, etc. mailing address\n\t* physical address\n5. Pay a fee. You have to pay a $405 filing fee. Make your check or money order payable to “U.S. Department of Homeland Security.” Don’t use abbreviations like “DHS” or “USDHS.”\n\t* Fees are subject to change. You should call 1-800-375-5283 for updated fee information.\n6. Submit your application to the appropriate address. Make a copy of your complete application for your records. Then put your application in a secure envelope and mail it to the appropriate address. You can get the appropriate address by calling the National Customer Service Center at 1-800-375-5283. USCIS might contact you for more information. Please provide requested information promptly.\n\n\n## Obtain a copy of the form i-140 petition\n\n1. Ask your employer for a copy. Your employer files a Form I-140 petition when they want to sponsor you as an immigrant worker. Filing the form is necessary so that you can become a legal permanent resident in the U.S. and work here. Because your employer submitted this petition, you should ask them for a copy. Sometimes, however, your employer won’t give you a copy of the petition. In this situation, you will need to file a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request. Only submit an FOIA request if the petition has been approved. You cannot request a copy of a petition that is under consideration. Instead, call 1-800-375-5283 for inquiries about the status of your application. You can also call the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) office where the petition was filed.\n2. Download Form G-639. This is the Freedom of Information Act request form. You should download the form and its instructions. You can also get a copy of the form by calling 1-800-375-5283. You don’t have to use the form. However, all requests must be in writing, and using the form is probably easiest.\n3. Complete the form. Provide requested information by using a typewriter or writing clearly in black ink. If you need extra space to answer a question, then you can attach a sheet of paper. Make sure to put your name and Alien Registration Number (if applicable) at the top of each sheet. Also clearly identify the page number, part, and item number your additional information refers to. If a question doesn’t apply to you, then write “N/A” or “not applicable” in the space. Don’t just leave it blank. Make a copy of the form for your records.\n4. Verify your identity. You will need to sign the form under penalty of perjury or in front of a notary public. You can find notaries in courthouses, town offices, and most large banks. Take acceptable forms of identification (such as a valid state-issued ID or passport) with you to the notary. If you are requesting a copy of someone else’s Form I-140, then you must get his or her permission. Typically, getting them to sign this form is sufficient.\n5. Explain why you need the request expedited. Generally, it can take USCIS a month to process your request. However, you can request that USCIS speed up the process if you have a valid reason. For example, you might be in removal proceedings. If you are, then you should make a copy of your Notice to Appear or Notice of Hearing. You will need to submit these documents with your FOIA request. Also write a letter explaining in detail why you urgently need the information. You need to sign the letter under penalty of perjury. Include the following words above your signature: “The information contained in this letter is complete, true, and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.”\n6. Pay a fee, if required. You typically won’t have to pay a fee. You get the first 100 pages (and 2 hours of search time) free. Because your Form I-140 is not 100 pages, you shouldn’t have to pay anything. However, you might have to pay a fee if you order in bulk. For example, you might be an employer getting copies of your employees’ forms. In this situation, you have to pay ten cents per page. You won’t be billed until you have accrued at least $14 in charges. By submitting the form, you agree to pay at least $25 in fees.\n7. Submit your request. Gather all of your documents and make a copy for your own records. You can submit your request using one of these three different methods:\n\t* Fax: send it to (816) 350-5785. Email: send the completed form and supporting documents as attachments to uscis.foia@uscis.dhs.gov. Mail: send your request certified mail, return receipt requested to National Records Center (NRC), FOIA/PA Office, PO Box 648010, Lee’s Summit, MO 64064-8010.\n8. Provide additional information. USCIS might contact you and request additional information in order to process your request. You should provide all requested information promptly to USCIS.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to peacefully feed cats in multi‐cat households?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Feed multiple cat at once\n\n1. Feed discrete meals. Feeding all of your cats at one time, instead of letting them graze, will minimize conflict and fighting. Instead of allowing access to food at all times, which can lead to conflict when two cats want to eat from the same bowl at the same time, timed meals will allow all cats to have their own space and food to focus on. How often you feed your cats each day depends on your schedule. In many cases, it works best to feed your cats once in the morning before you leave and once again in the evening when you return. Provide food puzzles if you have a cat(s) that is used to grazing instead of eating at meal times. This will help them transition to timed meals. Putting a small amount of kibble in one of these puzzles won't replace a whole meal but it may satiate a cat enough until meal time comes around.\n2. Monitor feeding time. Do not feed your cats and then leave your home. It is important that you monitor feeding time, so that you can make the cats stay at their own feeding stations and break up any conflicts that might occur. It may be that your presence calms your cats while they eat because they know that they will be protected from other cats trying to get their food when you are around. This will allow them to focus on their food more than on defensiveness. If you see a cat trying to eat another cat's food, physically separate them. It's important that you do this so the more submissive cat doesn't get taken advantage of.\n3. Remove food dishes after 20-30 minutes. When feeding multiple cats you should remove food dishes after the cats have eaten or after 20-30 minutes, if one or more of your cats are very slow about eating. This will teach the cats that there is a set time to eat and if they don't eat at that given time, then there is no food to be had. The goal is to make meal time a time for strictly for eating, not a time to play games, show dominance, or fight for territory. Setting specific meal times and taking away food when meal time is over requires a gradual training process that may take some time for your cats to adjust to. If your cat meows repeatedly at you for food when it is not meal time, just remember that you are working to make a peaceful household and your cat will not starve if it has to wait an hour for food.\n4. Use calming sprays. If your cats are very territorial and tend to fight over food, you may want to try using a calming product made for cats during feeding times. These products tend to be non-toxic sprays that use pheromones to calm cats and reduce fear and aggression. Spray one of these products, which are usually available at most pet stores, around the feeding area or on the specific cats that are most fearful or aggressive. The pheromone sprays used for calming cats mimic the pheromones given off by mother cats to calm their kittens.\n\n\n## Set up separate feed station\n\n1. Give each cat its own dish. When feeding multiple cats, competition can be fierce if every cat doesn't have its own dish to eat from. Separate dishes allow each cat to have their own space and their own food to focus on, instead of focusing on defending against another cat. Make sure that the food bowls are as identical as possible. You do not want to create competition for a food dish that is easier to eat out of or is slightly bigger. Don't forget to place a water bowl near each food bowl. In most cases, when you first set out multiple food dishes the cats will naturally gravitate to one of their own. Once they have basically picked their bowls, make them stick to them to establish their territories.\n2. Don't place food dishes against walls. In many cases, a cat in a multi-cat household will want to be in a position while eating where it can see any other cats coming towards it. If you place food dishes against a wall, the cat will naturally be forced to have its back to the wall. This may add to its anxiety and not allow it to relax during eating. Placing your cat's bowl even a foot away from the wall should allow it to sit in any place around the bowl that it feels is best.\n3. Place the cats as far away from each other as possible. When feeding cats in a multiple cat household, you need to space them away from each other. This may mean that you place food dishes in separate corners of the same room or you place feeding stations in completely separate rooms. Giving all your cats space from other cats will allow them to better focus on their food instead of turf wars or food competition. It is ideal if your cats cannot see each other during meal time. This add tremendously to your cat's ability to focus on food instead of the other cats.\n4. Isolate cats eating different foods. If your cats eat different food, it is important that you feed them in different spaces. This will help you to keep each cat eating the food that it is supposed to eat and it will prevent fights over whatever food your cats consider the tastiest. It may be that one of your cats eats different food and your other cats eat the same food. If this is the case, only the cat with different food needs to be isolated during meal time. Cats that are eating different food need to be kept separate until all cats in the household are done eating. The will remove the temptation to sneak a bite from the bowl of the last cat eating.\n5. Try adding an extra feeding dish if problems persist. Adding 1 more dish than the number of cats you have can help eliminate any chances of conflict. With an extra bowl, your cats won't have a problem finding somewhere to eat in peace. For example, if you have 2 cats, you could try adding a third feeding dish. If you add an additional feeding dish, make sure you put a water dish nearby.\n\n\n## Avoid conflict\n\n1. Coax cats to their own bowls. If more than one cat goes to one bowl at mealtime, you should coax the cat away who does not normally eat at that bowl. This could be done by picking the cat up, calling to it, or luring it towards its own bowl with a bit of food. This separation will prevent territorial disputes and conflict during meal time. There can be power dynamics between cats that they need to sort out themselves. When cats are initially establishing whose dish is whose, there may be some switching up that occurs.\n2. Stop fights right away. When fights break out over territory or food you should break them up right away. Fighting over food, especially between cats who usually get along, can lead to unhealthy aggression, so it should be stopped before it gets serious. If you have two cats that repeatedly fight over food dishes, these cats should be fed in different rooms.\n3. Avoid conflict before it starts. In order to have a peaceful household with multiple cats, you may need to resort to keeping certain cats away from each other most of the time, which includes meal time. This will allow you to avoid conflict before it begins and it allows both cats to have peaceful and calm time in their homes. If you have a very small home, this can be difficult to achieve. Keeping cats that don't get along separated works better if you have a large house or at least several rooms that can be closed off. You can also try feeding aggressive cats in cat carriers. That way they won't be able to run around and harass your other cats when they're finished eating. While it is true that some cats may have conflict at first and then learn to get along, that is not always the case. If you have tried to get your cats to get along and nothing seems to work, it may be time to give them separate territories in your home.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to walk a slackline?", + "input": "", + "output": "## The basics\n\n1. Start with a short slackline. The shorter the distance between the two anchor points, the more stable the slackline. As the slackline gets longer, a few things happen:\n\t* The tension in the line increases, making dismounts more dangerous due to the extra force;\n\t* The height of the line off the ground increases to allow for greater sag when weighted;\n\t* It requires more force to tighten it, which can be difficult with some tightening systems.\n2. Place one foot lengthwise in the middle of the slackline. Starting barefoot is a good idea. Using bare feet will allow you to feel the line better and find your balance more quickly. Step on the line so that it runs from between your big toe and second toe back to the middle of the heel. As you improve, practice turning your feet and standing sideways, with your shoulders parallel to the line. Once you improve (or if the landing is not safe for bare feet), you may want to switch to shoes since they provide greater protection when attempting tricks and landing.\n3. You can mount the slackline at any point, but starting in the middle is generally safer, since it is usually away from obstacles you might hit when falling. The line is also lower to the ground in the middle once weighted, reducing the height of the falls. Practice from the same place each time since the slackline oscillates differently at different distances from the anchors. The wobbles are faster and smaller near the anchors and slower and larger near the middle. But wherever you start, it is going to wobble a lot. This is natural; everyone wobbles the first time.\n4. Take a couple deep breaths and settle yourself. If you are relaxed, your foot will be less shaky on the line.\n5. Focus intently on a single point, such as the anchor. This will help you find and keep your balance. Resist the temptation to look straight down at your feet on the line. Looking down at the wobbling line will simply make you wobble as well. Look ahead instead of down at the line.\n6. Put your arms out wide, slightly bent and keep an upright posture.\n7. Center your weight directly over the foot on the line. With one smooth, balanced motion stand up on that leg.\n8. Balance on one foot, while using your arms and other leg to help maintain your balance.\n9. Bend the leg that is on the slackline. Bending your leg lowers your center of gravity slightly, and allows you to more easily find your balance and absorb the movements of the line.\n10. Continue to wave your free arms and legs around to help you balance. Sometimes you will twist and turn your body into all sorts of positions to keep your balance. Once you have caught your balance slowly move your body back to center with your arms up and out, knee(s) bent, head up, and eyes focused on a single point.\n11. Repeat these steps until you can balance for at least 15 seconds.\n12. Practice with the other foot. Once you can keep your balance, attempt taking a step.\n13. Once you've successfully taken your first step, keep practicing!\n\n\n## Sample skill progression for beginners\n\n1. These are small steps you can take to improve your slack lining effectively, by slowly taking on harder and harder tasks. Mount the line on one foot with a friend sitting on the line. Increase the distance between you and the person sitting on the line. Balance on one foot by yourself. Balance on the other foot. Balance with both feet, one behind the other, on the line. Take small steps forward. Take small steps backwards. Mount the line sideways (shoulders parallel to the line) with both feet, one at a time. Turn on the line.\n2. Additionally, learn how to fall safely. As a beginner you will likely be on a short, low-to-the-ground slackline. Most of the time you can land on your feet. As you try new tricks, the slackline can \"throw\" you as you lose your balance. The best solution is to use the \"throw\" of the slackline to help you get away from the line and land on your feet. If you are thrown off-balance from the line consider rolling through the fall to limit the impact.\n3. You can also try starting with \"training wheels.\" One way to do so is to have a friend sit on the line a few feet away from you. This takes much of the sway and bounce out of the line. As you get better, have your friend move further away on the line to allow for more wobble. When starting out, you can aid each other while learning to balance--have a spotter stand/walk next to the line. If you practice walking back and forth with a shoulder to lean on, you’ll soon find that you don’t need training wheels any more!\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to open your locker?", + "input": "", + "output": "If there are lockers with locks at your school, you'll probably want to get used to opening yours quickly. Don't worry; it gets easier with practice. See Step 1 to begin learning how to open 99% of all standard school lockers.\n\n## Open when you know your padlock's combination\n\n1. Spin the dial at least three times to the right (clockwise), all the way around. This \"clears\" the lock of any previous numbers. If at any point in putting in your combination you mess up, do this again to start over.\n2. Enter your combination. Turn the dial to the right and stop at your first number. Always start with a turn to the right! For your second number, turn the dial to the left, going past zero and your first number. Then stop at your second number. Some locks are a bit odd or finicky -- if your locker isn't opening after you put the three numbers in correctly, try turning left past your second number once and stopping on it on the next go around. For your third number, turn the dial to the right and go directly to the last number. Leave your lock on this number. Always remember: right, left, right.\n3. Open the lock. Pull the lock open and out of the hole, or pull the latch or handle, if there is one. Otherwise, tug on the knob to open the locker. If your locker just won't open, try it again with the last number being five before or after your \"official\" last number. Sometimes the older locks get, the shakier they get in their requirements or abilities. If that doesn't work, ask your classmates or teacher if there are any similar quirks in the school locker system. Try twice before you call a teacher.\n4. Lock your locker after use. Make sure, if you have a locker with an unattached lock, that you lock your locker when you leave. If you don't, it's possible your things will get stolen or your lock will be turned backwards. Close your lock up and twist the dial a bit. If you leave it on the final number, it may open up again effortlessly, for someone other than you.\n\n\n## Open when you don't know your padlock's combination\n\n1. Apply pressure upward. This means taking your finger and wrapping it around the latch. It should pull up just a teeny bit when it's locked. While you're doing this, rotate the lock counterclockwise until it locks. You may have to apply a bit of strength to do this, but it won't break it.\n2. Write down the numbers it locks at. Repeat this action 11 more times. Seven of the numbers you get will be between two digits; ignore those. Continue with the 5 outliers. Of those 5, 1 should not end in the same digit. That's your third number. Obviously, it's very important to know exactly where the lock stops at. Be diligent and take a keen eye to your lock.\n3. Use trial and error. You're now down to just 100 possible combinations -- that's 15 minutes' work. Your third number actually allows you to eliminate possible first and second numbers, believe it or not. It may take a bit, but it will open with perseverance. If your third number is 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, or 36:\n\t* Your first number is either 0, 4, 8, 12, 20, 24, 28, 32, or 36. Your second number is either 0, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, or 38. If your third number is 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, or 37:\n\t* Your first number is either 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, or 37. Your second number is either 1, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, or 39. If your third number is 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, or 38:\n\t* Your first number is either 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, or 38. Your second number is either 2, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, or 0. If your third number is 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, or 39:\n\t* Your first number is either 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, or 39. Your third number is either 3, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, or 1.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to increase driving visibility in rain?", + "input": "", + "output": "Driving in the rain, especially after dark, can cause dramatic declines in visibility. The best ways to improve driving visibility in the rain are to turn on your headlights and your windshield wipers. Stay away from large vehicles that leave a large spray in their wake. Keep your headlights clean and clear, and change windshield wipers that are aged or deteriorating.\n\n## Use and maintain your wipers\n\n1. Turn your windshield wipers on. Unless your car comes with automatic wipers, you’ll need to manually activate your windshield wipers to improve driving visibility in the rain. Windshield wipers typically have three different settings: slow, medium, and fast. If the rain is light, select the slow speed. If the rain is heavier (and your visibility is poorer), select a faster speed. If you wish, you could use the high speed in low levels of rain, but it is not necessary. There is no objective criteria for determining whether you need a faster or slower wiper speed when driving in the rain. Using your best judgment, select the wiper speed that most closely corresponds to the rain’s intensity at any given time. If you have a rear windshield wiper, activate it, too.\n2. Change old or brittle wiper inserts. The windshield wiper consists of two parts: the rubber wiper insert that swipes across the windshield and the metal blade that actually holds it. Check your wiper inserts regularly for stiffness or cracks, and replace them if you detect any. Most windshield wiper inserts will need to be changed at least once every three years to improve visibility in rain. Consult your owner’s manual or an auto parts store for information regarding the type and size of wiper blades you need. Generally, wiper inserts can simply be slid into and out of the metal blade itself. If you regularly park your car outside, you’ll probably have to replace your windshield wipers more often than if you park in the garage.\n3. Replace windshield wiper blades as needed. If your wiper blades are rusty, bent, or corroded, replace them, too. Use high-quality wiper blades, preferably ones coated with a rain repellent. If there are areas of your windshield that do not get properly wiped when you use your wipers, you’ll know that the wiper is bent or applying uneven pressure to the windshield. Generally, wiper blades can simply be unsnapped from the metal arm that holds the blade, then a new blade can be snapped in. Consult your owner’s manual or your local auto parts store for information regarding the sort of wiper blades you need.\n4. Keep your wiper blades clean. Dirty windshield wiper blades can cause streaking and water beading. To clean your wiper blades, soak a lint-free cloth or paper towel in windshield washer fluid. Wipe the cloth or paper towel along the length of the blades. Turn the cloth or paper towel over as needed to ensure you’re always wiping the blades with a clean area.\n\n\n## Use and clean your headlights\n\n1. Turn on your headlights. If you’re driving in the rain on an overcast day or at night, your headlights can help you increase visibility. Even if you’re driving in rain during the day, turning your headlights on is a good idea since it allows other vehicles to see you. Many headlights have different settings. Choose the correct one for the existing conditions. For instance, if you’re driving in light rain through a dark area, you might choose to use your brightest headlight setting. If you’re driving through fog as well as rain, use your fog lights.\n2. Wash your headlights. If your headlights are caked in grime or dirt, they will not shine as brightly as they should. This could reduce your visibility when driving in the rain. To keep your headlights shining properly, wash them with soapy water either on their own or when you wash your car. There is no regular schedule according to which you must wash your headlights. If your headlights appear less luminous than they previously were, or if they’re visibly dirty, give them a wash.\n3. Scrub your headlights with sandpaper. For a deeper clean, soak a piece of 1000 grit wet/dry sandpaper in cold water. Apply painter’s tape to the area of around the perimeter of your headlights. After 10 minutes, lightly sand the headlights, moving in straight strokes from side-to-side. Spray the headlight with water while you work. Repeat the procedure using 1500 grit sandpaper, then 2000 grit, 2500 grit, and 3000 grit wet/dry sandpaper. Alternate the direction of your scrubbing each time. For instance, if you moved side-to-side with one piece of sandpaper, use an up-and-down scrubbing method for the next. When the discoloration, dirt, and scratches on the headlight are gone, move on to the next level of sandpaper. There is no regular schedule according to which you must engage in deep cleaning of your headlights. Give your headlights a deep cleaning with sandpaper if washing your headlights using the standard method produces inadequate results.\n\n\n## Take additional measure\n\n1. Don’t follow trucks or buses closely. The spray produced by these large vehicles will decrease your visibility in rain. Try to keep several car lengths away from trucks and buses. If you need to pass trucks or buses, do so quickly so as to minimize the time you spend behind or beside them, where you can experience significant spray.\n2. Put on some polarized glasses. If you’re driving through rain during the day, put on a pair of polarized sunglasses to increase your driving visibility. If you’re driving in rain at night, you will not be able to increase driving visibility by wearing polarized sunglasses.\n3. Turn on the demisters if necessary. If the temperature of the rain and the temperature inside your vehicle are too different, your windows might fog over. To combat this and increase visibility when driving in the rain, turn on the demisters.\n4. Slow down. Slowing your speed can give you extra time to see what’s ahead. You should be able to see the space you’ll be driving through at least 12 seconds before you pass through it. When driving in the rain, adjust your speed to meet this visibility standard.\n5. Clean your windshield. Sometimes your windshield wipers are not strong enough to wipe away all the grime on your windshield. Dirt stuck to the top corners, especially, could dribble down during a rainstorm. The best way to get your windshield clean is to have it cleaned by a professional at your local auto wash. Alternately, you could soak a cloth or sponge in soapy water and wipe it across the windshield until the entire surface is clean. Clean your windshield when it is dirty. Don’t forget to clean your windshield wiper blades, too.\n6. Apply a coat of rain repellent to your windshield. Rain repellents will prevent rain from beading on your windshield. Instead, rain will roll smoothly off the windshield upon contact. Specific directions for use vary depending on the product you use. Generally, though, you can simply spray the repellent of your choice on the windshield, then wipe it away using a gentle circular motion. Rain repellent solutions usually need to be applied once every six months.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to repair your damaged reputation at work?", + "input": "", + "output": "People make mistakes. Sometimes these mistakes are bad enough to cost us the respect of those around us or even our jobs. If you’ve made a bad professional error or hurt colleagues at work, though, the damage might not be permanent. You can put the past behind you, but you’ll have to work hard to rebuild relationships, become a model worker, and, in some cases, manage your reputation online.\n\n## Rebuild relationships\n\n1. Admit your mistake. If you’ve damaged your reputation – wronging a coworker, angering your boss, or just getting an overall bad name – the place to start is to own up to it. Admit the error of your ways. Take stock of your actions and accept responsibility for them, to yourself and in front of others. What happened? Where did you go wrong? Be brutally honest with yourself. For example, do you have bad personal habits? Did you try to cut corners and dodge work? Have you been an office gossip? Or, did you have a serious lapse of judgement? Perhaps you stole someone’s idea and got caught or plagiarized a report. Perhaps you just stole, embezzling money.\n2. Apologize. Even if you don’t have a future at your workplace, you should apologize to the people you’ve hurt. Showing remorse is decent and will help you start to redeem yourself. You will not get very far with building bridges and repairing your reputation if you can’t say sorry. Act as soon as you can. The longer you wait to apologize, the more it seems like you aren’t really that sorry. Don’t make excuses. The point is to show remorse and accept that you were wrong. Don’t insert half-excuses or mealy-mouth language into your apology, for example “I’m sorry if you were offended that I took your idea. I only wanted to improve it.”\n\t* Be humble and own up. For instance, “It was really wrong of me to talk behind your back. I know I’ve hurt you and want to ask for your forgiveness.”\n\t* Be sincere. You won’t get credit if you don’t say specifically what you did. You also won’t credit if you don’t say it apologetically and sincerely, showing that you won't repeat the behavior.\n3. Commit to reform. Besides an apology, write out a plan for how you’ll change and ensure your mistake doesn’t happen again. This can be for you alone or, if you’re lucky to keep your job, to share with the powers that be in the organization. Outline what you did wrong and how you will avoid it. For example, “I made the mistake of getting too involved in workplace gossip and ended up saying harmful things about my coworkers. From now on, I plan to keep my head down, mind my own business, and avoid office politics.”\n\t* Don’t forget to “walk the walk” and follow your plan. You might arrange regular check-ins with your boss, for instance, to discuss your behavior. This will highlight your progress as well as show that you are willing and able to reform.\n4. Keep your attitude in check. Repairing your reputation is going to be a humbling experience. You might feel angry or resentful. You might get annoyed, frustrated, or upset. Keep these emotions under control – you’ve had a bad attitude in the past and need others to see that you’re trying to change. Try to stay calm, collected, and positive. Be aware of the attitudes or emotions that added to your bad behavior in the past. Try to avoid them or situations that bring them out. If your problem is gossip, avoid the office gossipers as best you can. Stop and ask yourself throughout the day, “How’s my attitude? Am I positive? Am I productive?” Catch any problems early and try to readjust your mindset.\n\n\n## Become a model employee\n\n1. Get to work early. Apart from apologies and repairing relationships, set yourself up as a model employee to help you rebuild your work reputation. Be a go-getter. Arrive early and ready to impress. People will eventually start to notice. Getting to work early will make a good impression on your boss and perhaps your coworkers. Often, people aren’t around to see who leaves the office last. But they will notice your presence in the morning. Being early also means you don’t have to rush around. Use the quiet time to your advantage and plan out your day. It doesn’t hurt to take a short walk around the office first thing in the morning. People will see you and take note.\n2. Prioritize. Some people have trouble keeping track of what they need to do during a given day or week. Take initiative and prioritize your work. Keep your nose to the grindstone to avoid returning to past mistakes and to present yourself as great employee. For instance, sit down and write out what you need to do for each day or, longer term, each week and month. If you’ve been coming to work early, use that time to set out daily priorities. Having a to-do list will help you focus your energy. You might also tailor the list to take advantage of your peak work hours. For instance, if you do your best work in the morning, save that time for your top priorities. Try to stick to the list. That said, be flexible in case your boss gives you special instructions.\n3. Do your tasks thoroughly and on-time. Writing down your tasks isn’t all, of course. You actually need to follow through and do them well. Good work and dependability can make a past mistake fade over time. Build up a track record for reliability and your colleagues and boss will have more trust in you in the future. Meet your deadlines. What about that report that’s due next week? Prioritize it in your list on Monday. If you still can’t get it done during the week, consider finishing it at home or over the weekend rather than asking for more time. Be productive, especially if you have had consistency problems before. Take a short breather to stretch or use the restroom, but don’t try to skirt work.\n4. Go above and beyond. Handing in finished work on time is good. To be a model employee, though, you will have to aim even higher and win (or win back) your boss’ trust. Track details, anticipate tasks, and work ahead to further develop a good reputation. If a colleague asks you to think of venues for an upcoming tradeshow, for example, don’t just stop at a list. Take the next steps: call them, ask about availability, and compare prices. When you take initiative like this, you’ll seem smart and like the logical go-to person for key projects.\n\n\n## Repair your reputation online\n\n1. Check your online metrics. If your error was very serious, or if you are well-known and hold a big position, you might want to think about your online presence when rebuilding your reputation. Don’t underestimate negative online info. To start, you will need to take stock of the situation. You can get a quick sense of your online reputation by checking Google’s autocomplete. Just go to the Google homepage. What appears when you type in your name, or your company name? When you enter your name, for example, do you get something positive or neutral like “Harold Bing Brew Co. CEO” and “Harold Bing business award”? Or is it damaging, like “Harold Bing mugshot”? Look at online news stories or reviews about you or your company, if applicable. Check local sites or other social media. Set up a Google Alert in your name, so that you’ll be notified any time something new is posted.\n2. Deal with Google defamation. Programs like Google Suggest reflect real internet searches and should give you an idea of how people associate your name and reputation online. Did you find something unwelcome in your results? There are some things you can do. Do not try to manipulate the results. While some people suggest this approach, using techniques like crowdsourcing, you might end up causing more damage. You might try acquiring the search term and building an optimized page to tell your viewpoint. That way, when someone types “Juliette Page embezzler” she is directed to your side of the story – that the charge is false, misunderstood, or not reported right. You can also request that the search engine take down the autocomplete. This is hard and usually only works with results that suggest hate or violence, porn, or personal information. Still, it may be worthwhile to try.\n3. Hire an online reputation manager. Your online reputation could get out of control. Don’t despair, however. There are people and agencies who can help you manage this kind of situation, like Reputation.com or BrandYourself.com. The work will be pricy, but it may just salvage your working reputation. Reputation managers won’t always be able to get rid of negative content from the web. But they should be able to highlight positives about you. For example, their services might include setting up a domain in your name for a page presenting your side of the story. They can also respond to negative comments or reviews and manage your online presence on sites like Facebook, Twitter, or Youtube. The goal is not to eliminate all negative info about you, but to tip the balance in your favor whenever someone searches for you online. Keep in mind that management services don’t come cheap. Expect to pay between $20 to $200 per month.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to buy school supplies?", + "input": "", + "output": "Shopping for school supplies can be stressful for both the seasoned shopper and the beginner. Working parents or guardians have to fight the crowds that gather on weekends or after the end of the workday. Even worse, the cost of school supplies steadily increases every year, costing families an average of just under $100 in 2015. The good news is that you don’t have to stress out or go bankrupt. By spacing out your purchases and practicing a few money-saving hacks, you can survive the back-to-school madness.\n\n## Buy basic supply\n\n1. Get a list from your child’s school. Don’t rely on your child for a list of what they need for school. If a list isn’t available on the school’s website, ask the teachers if they can send you a list or give you some ideas. As a last resort, department stores sometimes have lists of common school supplies on their websites.\n2. Know the difference between requests and requirements. Before you panic over the long supply list on the school’s website, realize that many of the items are merely requests. One good rule of thumb is to avoid items the list specifically forbids. Use your best judgment as to which items your child might actually need.\n3. Purchase writing supplies. Elementary teachers usually prefer their students to use #2 (HP) pencils with erasers. Students in middle- and high school usually use ballpoint pens. Stick to black or blue ink. Most students will also need notebooks or loose-leaf paper. Check the supply list for whether you should buy wide-ruled or college-ruled paper. Children in elementary school usually need pencil bags or boxes to store their supplies for writing and art. Most classrooms have pencil sharpeners, but it’s always a good idea to check the supply list in case your child’s teacher requires individual pencil sharpeners. Middle- and high-school students might need highlighters for studying and general note-taking.\n4. Buy folders. Whether students use notebooks or loose-leaf paper, they still need folders for the documents they receive in class. Buy one folder for each class, each in a different color or pattern. That way, your child can pattern- or color-code each folder by class (red for English, green for math, rainbow stripes for science, etc. ).\n5. Purchase a day planner. Students in middle school and high school usually need day planners to keep track of their classes and after-school activities. Look for planners organized by the academic year, as opposed to the semester. This way, your child will stay organized from the first day of school in the fall to the last day of school in the spring.\n6. Buy art supplies. Children in elementary school usually need art supplies for a variety of activities. Buy one box of crayons, colored pencils, or washable markers. Other common materials you need to purchase are safety scissors and glue. Purchase glue sticks for younger students more likely to make a mess.\n7. Purchase personal supplies. Elementary school teachers usually request one or two boxes of facial tissues per student. Hand sanitizer also comes in handy during cold and flu season. Aim for one 8-ounce (about 237mL) bottle for the classroom and one travel-sized bottle for the backpack. Students in middle school and high school need supplies for their lockers. Common supplies include plastic shelves, mirrors, and magnets. The school supply list should mention if a combination lock is required.\n8. Buy a sturdy backpack or book bag. Thanks to block scheduling, many older students take only two to four classes at a time. However, textbooks haven’t gotten any lighter. Buy a bag that can carry at least two to four hardcover textbooks, a large notebook or binder, and a pencil bag.\n\n\n## Shop for electronics\n\n1. Buy a calculator. High school students (or advanced middle school students) taking algebra, geometry, or calculus usually need calculators. Advanced math classes require specs beyond the basic calculator you use to balance your checkbook. The two most common kinds of calculators required by algebra and geometry students are:\n\t* Scientific calculators perform the functions students study in Algebra I and Algebra II. The average scientific calculator costs between $15 and $30. Graphing calculators are required for advanced calculus classes. Graphing calculators are more expensive, costing $100 and up.\n2. Purchase a computer. High school students will likely need a laptop or tablet computer for their assignments. Unless school officials specify certain brands, either a Mac or a Windows computer should be fine. Word processing software, such as Microsoft Word or Open Office Writer, is a must for papers and other homework assignments. If your child needs any specialty programs (such as Photoshop for a graphic design class), the school should note them on the supply list. Buy your computer only from reputable sources, such as Simply Mac or Best Buy. Consider an extended warranty if it fits your budget.\n3. Buy external storage. Even students who use their laptops and tablets at school need flash drives for printing their documents. Buy a smaller (4 GB) flash drive for storing basic word documents or spreadsheets. If you child is taking classes in graphic design or computer science, opt for a larger flash drive of about 16 to 32 GB.\n\n\n## Save money\n\n1. Sort out what you already have. Check the closets, attic, or junk drawer for supplies from past school years. Chances are you have a few pens, pencils, sheets of loose-leaf paper, or coloring supplies lying around. If you have older children heading off to college, ask them if they wouldn’t mind giving their locker accessories to their younger sibling(s). Try to find substitutes for more expensive items. For example, if your kindergartener needs an art smock, substitute an old, oversized button-down shirt. Swap meets are another great way of accessing gently used supplies, such as binders, backpacks, locker organizers, and flash drives.\n2. Stick to basics and generics. Choose folders, notebooks, or binders in basic colors or designs. That folder or notebook featuring Batman or Yoda might be cool this year, but it will also cost more than a folder with solid colors or abstract non-commercial designs. Don’t worry about brand names, even if the school list mentions them. Generic labels are just as good for a fraction of brand-name costs.\n3. Take advantage of discounts. Check newspapers, store circulars, and websites for coupons. Look for items that offer rebates, and mail the rebate form as soon as possible. If you belong to a rewards site like MyPoints, shop through the website to earn points or cash back. Cash in your points at rewards sites for gift cards or prepaid debit cards. These are usually available in denominations of $25 to $100. Use them when buying school supplies.\n4. Buy used, electronic, or out-of-copyright textbooks. Check bargain websites like Alibris or Half.com for steeply discounted used textbooks. E-book versions of required textbooks could also save you money, since printing costs are not a factor. Required reading for humanities or social sciences classes might be available as free out-of-copyright PDFs from sites like Internet Archive or Project Gutenberg. Ask your instructor if they allow these older editions.\n5. Buy refurbished. Refurbished computers run as smoothly as brand new ones for a fraction of the cost. However, you should do your homework first. Only buy refurbished products from trusted retailers like Apple or Best Buy, which offer warranties and free repairs on known issues.\n6. Buy a little at a time throughout the year. There’s no rule that you have to buy school supplies in July and August. Each time you’re shopping for groceries or picking up a prescription, stop by the school supply aisle to look for unannounced discounts on common required supplies.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to play sonic unleashed for xbox 360?", + "input": "", + "output": "Some people may find Sonic Unleashed on the Xbox 360 hard. But it's pretty easy with practice. Some may find it hard to press several buttons quickly.\n\n## Controller basics\n\n1. When you're holding the controller, put your index & middle finger on the trigger and bumper buttons (so you'll be ready to drift when needed) and put your left thumb on the right analog stick and left thumb on the A,X,Y and B buttons.\n2. The left control stick is used to move Sonic; the A button is used for jumping ; the B button is used to boost; the X button is used to stomp or crouch; the Y button is used for the light speed dash; the trigger buttons are used for drifting; and the bumper buttons are used for side stepping left and right.\n3. Many new skills and upgrades can be obtained through certain conditions, progressing through the game, or by buying them with yellow diamonds you get from enemies.\n\n\n## Boost guidelines\n\n1. To reach the highest speeds, drift in a straight line (this is not something you need to do, but it does speed you along and again it's more of an expert technique).\n2. When you're on a slope going upwards, when near you're near top of it, jump and it will give you maximum height and to boost over some areas.\n3. Try boosting then jumping right after then boosting again in the air to boost over a whole area.\n\n\n## Attack techniques\n\n1. The main method of defeating enemies is the homing attack. Try to use this also for combo attacks for bonus points and getting to places beyond Sonic's reach or to correct any missed/wrongly timed jumps.\n2. Stomping is another way of attacking enemies and is used best when attacking from above or when a homing attack doesn't work or isn't as effective.\n3. Ironically enough, you can actually use the speed boost and drift to take down groups of enemies at high speeds that you normally can't take down or would take longer with conventional attack moves.\n\n\n## 2d platforming\n\n1. 2D sections are more platform based and as a result are much harder and take longer to do. Remember to not be as reckless when going through these sections; do not use the speed boost unless Sonic is running in a harmless path.\n2. Properly time your homing attacks, crouches, light speed dashes, and wall jumps by being as fast as possible, pressing the button combos well, and by following the on-screen button prompt as it's needed in order to succeed through 2D platforming.\n3. Take alternate routes with cannons, grind rails, zip-lines, and other mechanisms to skip large portions of the 2D sections with little to no risk.\n\n\n## Trick\n\n1. There are many tricks and techniques that aren't mentioned in the game or is difficult to pull off. One should master them to beat the levels more easily and have a better time, which includes the aerial boost, parkour, sky diving, and drifting.\n2. Aerial boosting is simply pressing a set of buttons that appear on-screen when Sonic files into the air and everything becomes slow; successfully pressing these buttons within a short time allows Sonic to go over gaps and reach out of reach places.\n3. Parkour tricks such as running on walls and wall-jumping (in 3D areas) can be utilized by speed boosting on walls and pressing the button that appears on-screen when Sonic attempts to wall-jump on certain walls.\n4. Sky diving is simply diving really fast while in the air after Sonic is free falling to an area below; pressing the X button will increase your speed while titling the control stick controls your position which can help avoid obstacles and reach the ground faster.\n5. Drifting is turning around sharp corners without losing speed; this is difficult to maneuver as Sonic's natural speed interferes with his handling - simply tilt the control stick left and right (slightly) to make drifting easier to do.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to flirt with a co worker (for women)?", + "input": "", + "output": "Flirting with coworkers can relieve workplace tension and monotony. Some women flirt because they are interested in starting a romantic relationship with one of their coworkers. Others do it just for fun. Workplace flirting requires extra precautions because you must remain professional. You can still encourage some playful interaction between you and your coworker by engaging in friendly conversation, adjusting your body language, and dressing in a flirtatious but professional way.\n\n## Interact with your coworker\n\n1. Chat with them. Men tend to interpret friendly and talkative women as flirty. Find excuses to chat with them when they are not busy. Some things you can try:\n\t* Talk about hobbies, interests, and plans outside of work. \"Any big plans for the weekend? I've been dying to see this new movie myself.\" Praise their recent accomplishments or awards: \"I heard you just received an award! Any plans to celebrate?\" Ask them about current projects by saying, \"Hey, how is that current project going? Are you hanging in there?\"\n2. Laugh at their jokes. If your coworker makes a joke or says something even slightly funny, laugh. Laughing is a gentle way of flirting. It should not feel forced, nor should it seem as though you are laughing at your coworker.\n3. Compliment them. Appreciate the work that they do around the office, and praise them for their strengths. You want to make sure that you are appreciating their skills, abilities, and personality instead of their looks. Some good, flirty compliments include:\n\t* \"Great job on that last presentation. You'll have to give me some tips.\" \"Thanks for helping with that last project. You make my life so much easier around here.\" \"You have such good ideas. How do you come up with them?\" Be extremely careful with workplace compliments. If it seems as though the recipient is awkward or uncomfortable, stop immediately.\n4. Ask them for help. Asking people to help you can increase their self-esteem and confidence, which encourages them to flirt back with you. It also shows that you appreciate their strengths in a work-friendly manner. It can even encourage them to spend more time with you. Some ways you try this include:\n\t* \"Hey, you're good with technology, right? Can you help me with my computer?\" \"Do you mind listening to me practice my presentation? I'd love to get your feedback on this.\" \"Can you help me lock up tomorrow night?\"\n5. Hang out around their desk. Find excuses to drop by their desk. Perhaps you have a question about your project. Perhaps their desk is close to the coffee maker. As you pass by, make eye contact and ask them about their day. Walk by their desk, and try to catch their eye. If they look up at you, smile and ask, \"how's your day been?\" or \"Are you hanging in there?\" You can also ask, \"how is the work going? Do you want to take a coffee break?\" This gives them the opportunity to start a conversation if they are interested. Do not interrupt your coworker if they look as though they are busy with something else. Instead of being flirty, you might only annoy them.\n6. Invite them out to coffee or lunch. You may be feeling bolder, or you want to make the next step in your relationship. Instead of asking them to drinks or dinner, which can be too formal, try asking them if they would like to grab something to eat over your lunch break. Coffee is also a great way to bond with your coworker. A good way to ask is to just say, \"Hey, we should catch up over lunch. Do you want to grab a bite to eat somewhere?\"\n7. Respect their boundaries. Your first priority at work is to do your job. Be warned that flirting at work can get you in trouble if someone complains. If your coworker seems uncomfortable or asks you to stop, do not continue flirting with them. Give them space by only talking to them about work-related matters for a few weeks. Before you make any moves whatsoever, review your workplace sexual harassment rules, as well as rules about relationships in the workplace. You can also talk to someone in the HR department if you have any further questions. Make workplace friendly jokes that have no sexual innuendo. Never flirt with your boss. They are in a position of power, and any flirting can cause professional difficulties for both of you. It is best to flirt with coworkers on your pay grade. Do not flirt with a coworker who is married or in a relationship. Even if a married coworker enjoys your flirting, you are putting both of you in a difficult situation.\n\n\n## Express interest with body language\n\n1. Make eye contact. Eye contact is one of the primary tactics of flirtation. Brief glances can show your attraction and interest in another person. You can try looking across the room during a meeting or glancing across the table at lunch. Meet their eyes briefly before glancing down and away.\n2. Smile. Smiling is an open and friendly act that invites people to interact with you. In fact, smiling may be one of the best ways to meet new people and start new relationships. As your coworker passes your desk, glance up briefly and smile. If you catch their eye in a meeting, give them a quick grin. Don’t linger. A small smile is all it takes.\n3. Show off your neck. When you know they are looking at you, try to casually flip your hair to show off your neck. This shows the curve of your neck while drawing attention to your hair. This is a casual but flirty move that makes it seem as though you are not deliberately trying to catch their attention.\n4. Lean over their desk. Leaning or orienting yourself towards another person signals that you are interested in them. You can practice this while working on a project with your coworker. Lean over the desk to point out something. Reach out so that your arm is crossing their body without touching them. If you’re working on a shared computer, shift your body so that your feet and shoulders are tilted towards them.\n5. Avoid touching. While gently touching someone is often a form of flirting, it can get you in trouble in the workplace. Try to use body language that does not involve physical contact. If your touching is unwanted, you can get in trouble for harassment.\n\n\n## Increase your attractiveness\n\n1. Wear make-up. Many men find women who wear make-up more appealing. Men typically like to flirt more with women whom they find attractive, so making yourself more attractive is especially important if you want to flirt with a co-worker. Eye make-up in particular can increase your flirtatiousness.\n2. Put on heels. Heels can increase your attractiveness to men. The higher your heels, the more likely men are to approach you. High heels can push your pelvis and chest out, arch your backside, and make your legs look tighter and more muscular—all of which make you more attractive.\n3. Apply light perfume. Perfume can boost your sex appeal but only if it is used sparingly. Spray once on your wrists. Rub your wrists together before dabbing them on your neck. This will give you just enough perfume to attract someone without annoying your other colleagues.\n4. Maintain professional standards. While you should look appealing to your coworker, you must keep in mind that you have to look professional as well. Follow your workplace’s dress code. Avoid tight or short clothing that reveals too much skin. Instead, try to find clothes that fit your body’s shape without being too revealing. If you can, try using eye catching colors instead of revealing clothing. Wear jewelry to draw attention to your neck and arms. Make sure that your hair is brushed and styled in a way that both accentuates your features and provides minimal distraction to you while working.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to treat ocd and anxiety as a workaholic?", + "input": "", + "output": "Working too much is a serious problem. Often, people who work too much also suffer from OCD or related anxiety disorders. If you work too much and suffer from an anxiety disorder, there are several things you can do to lead a more balanced life. You can start by seeing your doctor and going to therapy. Lifestyle changes, such as adopting stress-relieving techniques, making work boundaries, and managing your anxiety or OCD, are also important.\n\n## Manage your anxiety disorder\n\n1. Make a self-care plan. To improve your relationship with work and alleviate anxiety or OCD symptoms, you can develop a self-care plan that covers every area of your life. If you are obsessed with working, the rest of your life may be neglected. A self-care plan helps you balance your life and pay attention to each part of your life. Your self-care plan can focus on work, relationships, leisure time, the self, and your spiritual life. By breaking down your life into concrete categories, you can see where you are lacking and what needs improvement. For example, you may have 90% of your energy into your work. Your self-care plan allows you to schedule an hour each evening for leisure, where you watch television, an hour of exercise to focus on yourself, and two hours to spend with your family. On the weekends, you spend Saturday with your family and friends, and Sunday you focus on yourself. Start working on balancing your life. All of your energy now is focused on work. You should think about what’s important to you, like family and friend relationships or improving your leisure time. Put more effort into those areas of your life and less into work. Becoming more balanced in your life, improving relationships, and working on yourself can help reduce stress that leads to anxiety and OCD.\n2. Get enough sleep. Many people who work all of the time don’t sleep enough because they are too busy working. This can worsen anxiety and OCD symptoms, making you feel even worse. Worsening anxiety and OCD symptoms may also affect your work quality. To help with this, strive to get into a healthy sleep routine. Most people need seven to nine hours of sleep each night. You should go to bed at the same time every night and wake up at the same time every morning. This helps you adopt healthy sleeping habits.\n3. Take stress-relief breaks during the day. If you are spending all of your time focusing on work, your stress levels may be extremely high. This can increase your anxiety or OCD symptoms. To help alleviate your anxiety, take small breaks from work throughout the day to relieve stress. For example, take a 10 minute walk around the building or block. Exercise can help boost your mood and improve your anxiety. Go to lunch with coworkers or friends. Spending time connecting with people can help reduce anxiety and OCD symptoms.\n4. Engage in stress-relief techniques. When your anxiety or OCD symptoms get too bad because you are not working, you may need to use stress-relieving techniques to alleviate the symptoms. At first, you may even experience anxiety attacks as you fight compulsions or obsessive thoughts about working. Try deep breathing to help relieve anxiety. Whenever you feel overwhelmed by anxiety or OCD symptoms when you aren’t working, take a deep breath through your nose as you count to five. Hold it for a count of five, then exhale through your mouth for a count of five. Regular exercise is a great way to treat anxiety and OCD symptoms. A thirty minute walk each day can reduce your symptoms. Try getting active each day, or try stress-relieving exercises such as yoga or tai chi.\n5. Meditate. One good way to learn how to calm down and let go of work is to meditate. Meditation helps you learn how to clear your mind so you can reduce stress. Mediation is also a good treatment for anxiety and OCD. Mediation helps you get rid of negative thoughts, stress, guilt, and anxiety. Meditation may also help you be able to control compulsions and obsessive thoughts. Guided meditation is a good starting place if you’ve never meditated before. Guided meditation walks you through the process, so you are coached to relaxation and towards your mental goals.\n6. Develop hobbies. When you work too much, you may begin to lose yourself and forget to focus on anything that is enjoyable or enriching in your life. To help work on your sense of self, revisit old hobbies or develop new interests that have nothing to do with work. At first, you may have to tell yourself that spending time not working is okay. Remind yourself, “Spending time engaging in hobbies helps me be a healthier, happier person. I have completed my work and I deserve something good.”\n\n\n## Seek medical treatment\n\n1. See your doctor for a diagnosis and to begin treatment. To get proper treatment for your anxiety disorder or OCD, you need to get a proper diagnosis for both conditions. Anxiety disorders and OCD are serious mental illnesses that should be treated by a doctor or a therapist. If you work too much and you also suffer from anxiety or OCD, then your symptoms may be even more pronounced. However, with proper treatment, you can alleviate your symptoms and live a healthier life. Your doctor may suggest medication to treat the anxiety and OCD symptoms. Psychotherapy is also a common treatment for anxiety disorders. Your doctor will probably refer you to a psychiatrist or therapist who can provide therapy to address your anxiety disorder, OCD, and addiction-like behaviors. To find a therapist, start by asking your doctor for a referral. You can also search online for therapists in your area who specialize in your disorder. When you search online, you can also read reviews and patient experiences with the therapist.\n2. Undergo cognitive behavioral therapy. One effective treatment for anxiety and OCD is cognitive behavioral therapy. CBT is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on changing negative thought patterns into healthier ones. This can also help change your attitude about work, along with helping you cope with obsessive and anxious thoughts and compulsions. You may have unhealthy or untrue beliefs about work. A therapist can help you work through these beliefs and modify them into healthier, more productive beliefs. For example, if you believe you will lose your job if you don’t work all the time, your therapist can use CBT to help you change that thought to something like, “I can work hard for this many hours each week and keep my job.”\n3. Go to family therapy. Family therapy may be needed if working too much and having anxiety has negatively affected your family relationships. During family relationships, a therapist can help you learn how to interact with your family and make them a priority in your life. Your therapist can also help you figure out activities that you and your family can do together. These activities can strengthen your relationship and help you alter your attention away from work and onto leisure activity and relationships. You and your family can use therapy to learn how to communicate with each other. You may also be able to be truthful about ways your behavior has hurt each other. For example, your partner may say, \"I feel hurt that we never take any vacations because you are always working.\" You might say, \"I am frustrated because you get angry when I check my work e-mail in the evenings.\"\n\n\n## Establish work-related boundaries\n\n1. Leave work at work. When you leave work, you should do just that - leave work behind. Try not to take work home with you. Focusing on work at home can increase your anxiety and OCD symptoms while feeding your need to work. Try to make a clear boundary between work time and time not at work. For example, you can decide not to check your email or answer your phone when you’re at home. Leave all paperwork and projects at work. Don’t bring them home with you. If you must answer emails or work on paperwork at night, set aside a designated half an hour or hour to do just that. This helps keep your work time separate from your home time. It also keeps you from doing work all night.\n2. Talk to your boss about work boundaries. If working too much is triggering your anxiety or OCD, then you may want to talk to your boss about setting boundaries. You should tell our boss that you need to make clear boundaries about when you work and when you won’t work. This may include what you will and won’t do when you’re off the clock. If you are an hourly worker, you may tell your boss that you will only work during your required hours. If your boss wants you to work outside of those hours, you may negotiate overtime or say no. If you are salaried, you may set a limit on the amount of hours you will work and discuss this with your boss. You may want to say, “I have been working too much and spreading myself too thin. I would like to set some boundaries in relation to the hours I work.”\n3. Change your thoughts about work. If you have anxiety and OCD, you may be plagued by inaccurate thoughts or obsessions. You may believe if you don’t work all the time you will lose your job. You may have the compulsion to work constantly and get edgy or irritated if you are unable to work. To help treat your anxiety and OCD symptoms, work on changing your thoughts about work. Start by telling yourself that being away from work doesn’t make you lazy or unproductive. Repeat to yourself, “I do not have to work every hour of every day. I can take time to focus on myself and relationships.”\n\t* Face your obsessive or anxious thoughts. When you start to feel anxious because you aren’t working, tell yourself, “Nothing bad will happen if I am not working. These are just my anxieties. I deserve to take a break from work.”\n4. Prioritize your to-do list. Due to your anxiety, you may have a long to-do list with things you must get done. Maybe you have obsessive thoughts about what will happen if you don’t complete everything, or you have the compulsion to keep working until you have completed everything on the list. This is not healthy and just feeds anxiety and stress. Instead, start prioritizing the things you have to do and limiting your to-do list. For example, honestly assess everything on your list. What are things that have to get done today? What things have to be done by the end of the week? What things have no time limit on them? You may have to finish paperwork for work by the end of the day, complete a project by the end of the week, but making fliers can be done when you get to them. Limit your tasks to around five per day. If you have to add something to your task list for that day, you need to remove one task. Keep yourself limited so you don’t overextend yourself.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to help an older dog grieve the loss of its owner?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Comfort the dog\n\n1. Spend extra time with the dog. A dog in mourning may need extra love and attention. Try to increase the amount of time you spend with the dog. You might spend twenty extra minutes in the morning and evening to help give the dog support while they are grieving the death of their owner. During this time, you can:\n\t* Talk to the dog\n\t* Walk the dog\n\t* \n\t* Groom the dog\n\t* \n\t* Go on a car ride\n\t* Visit the dog park\n\t* Pick out a new toy together at the pet store\n\t* Cuddle the dog on the couch or in bed\n\t* Take the dog for a run, if the dog is healthy enough\n\t* Play a game, like fetch or tug-of-war\n2. Pet the dog. Touch increases the bond between dogs and people. Extra cuddling, petting, and brushing can improve the dog’s mood and distract them from the loss of their owner. As you spend time with the dog, rub their belly or scratch their ears. Give them a little extra grooming time each week. This will help you bond and comfort the dog.\n3. Play their favorite games. Playtime can distract the dog from the loss of their owner. The extra exercise can also boost their mood and decrease the likelihood of grief-related health issues. Try to identify the dog’s favorite games or toys, and spend extra time playing with them. Some older dogs may not want to play as much. Each dog is different. If the dog is uninterested in playing, you might try another way of distracting them. You can also give the dog new and interesting toys. Food puzzle toys can help keep the dog busy while you are not home, reducing the dog’s separation anxiety.\n4. Invite company over. The dog may appreciate having people over to spend time with. Invite a few friends over, and see how the dog reacts. If the dog enjoys the company and socializes with the people, you may want to keep it up. If the dog avoids your guests, you should respect their space. Inviting people or dogs that the dog already knows may cheer the dog up. It can also introduce an element of familiarity in their new life. If the people are total strangers to the dog, invite one or two over at a time to see how well the dog handles it.\n\n\n## Monitor the dog’s health\n\n1. Identify physical symptoms of mourning. Dogs mourn differently from humans. While some dogs may not mourn at all, others will become extremely clingy, anxious, or lethargic. Keep an eye out for the following symptoms. If they do not disappear after a few days, you might consider seeking help from a vet or dog behaviorist. Lethargy or lack of energy. Lack of interest in playing\n\t* Loss of appetite\n\t* \n\t* Unsociable behavior\n\t* Increased sleeping\n\t* \n\t* Weight loss\n\t* Decline in physical health\n2. Encourage the dog to eat. It is very common for older dogs to stop eating after the loss of their owner. This can cause other health issues to develop. If the dog seems to have stopped eating, you should try to get the dog to eat. If possible, keep feeding the dog the same food that the old owner fed them. You can also give the dog kibble in a kong-type dog toy or food puzzle. The dog may enjoy trying to get the food out of the toy. Add a little warm chicken broth to the dog’s dry food to make it softer and more enticing. While a few extra treats here and there may not be detrimental to your dog, you should avoid giving the dog too many treats during this period. They may learn that they will be rewarded for whining, and they may not eat their normal food.\n3. Take the dog on walks. Older dogs may not be extremely active to begin with, but they may become more lethargic after the loss of their owner. Such inactivity can lead to further health problems. If the dog is able, take them on a walk at least once or twice a day. Depending on the age and health of the dog, these may be short walks. You can make even short walks more mentally stimulating for the dog by walking in areas with lots of interesting sights, sounds, and smells. For example, you might take your dog to the park, through the woods, or some place with water.\n4. Take the dog to the vet. If the dog continues to mourn for several weeks or if the dog is not eating, you should visit the vet to make sure that the dog is still in good health. The vet can diagnose an underlying medical problem or prescribe medication to help with the dog's anxiety or depression. While at the vet, you might ask:\n\t* \"What medical issues does this dog have? Can any of them be aggravated by the loss of their owner?\" \"The dog seems really depressed. What can I do to help?\" \"The dog has been sleeping a lot since I took them in. Is this because the dog is depressed or is there another issue?\" \"The dog has not been eating since their owner died. What can I do to encourage them to eat?\" If you know which vet the dog's old owner used, you should take them there. The vet can inform you of the dog's medical history.\n\n\n## Provide a happy home\n\n1. Maintain a routine. For the first few days after the owner has died, it is important to maintain the dog’s routine as much as possible. Older dogs tend not to do well with new habits, schedules, or activities, and the owner’s death may have already disrupted their life. Try to feed and walk the dog at the same times as the old owner did. If you can, reach out to people who knew the dog when it was with the old owner, and see if they have an idea of what the dog’s former routine was like. If you do not know what schedule the old owner kept, you can develop a new schedule for the dog. Keep a consistent routine for the first few weeks that the dog joins you. The dog may also prompt you when they expect to be fed or taken outside. If there has been upheaval in the dog’s life since the owner died (for example, if the dog has been passed around by family members or if you adopted the dog from a shelter), setting a routine will be even more important for the dog. Make sure that you stick to the schedule to help the dog ease into their new home life. Be careful not to let the dog fall into bad habits due to grief. For example, if the dog turns up its nose at food, just let the food sit there until the dog is ready to eat it. Don’t “reward” the behavior by making a fuss.\n2. Take care of your own grief. If you knew the old owner, you may be grieving yourself. This is understandable. Do what you have to so that you can grieve in your own, personal way. This will in turn help the dog by providing a loving, happy home for them. Avoid mourning in front of the dog. Dogs are very sensitive to grief, and they may exhibit signs of mourning if they understand that you are grieving. While it is okay to cry a little in front of the dog, you may want to step into another room to mourn privately.\n3. Reinforce positive behavior. During this time, you may notice that the dog is whining, crying, or acting out. While you may want to give the dog a treat during these episodes, you should avoid rewarding them for this behavior. The dog may learn that they will earn treats if they whine. Instead, reward the dog when they are being good, such as when they are quietly resting. For example, you may notice that the dog is sitting outside of your bedroom door at night and whining. Instead of waking up to comfort the dog, go back to sleep. In the morning, you can pet and talk to the dog. If they are well-behaved, give them a treat with their breakfast. Good times to treat the dog are when the dog is resting quietly, when the dog is sitting with you, or right before you leave the house.\n4. Weigh the pros and cons of getting a new dog. While a new dog companion might provide company for the dog, many older dogs do not do well with a new younger dog in the house. While some older dogs may enjoy having a puppy around, others may snap at the younger dog or bully them. Consider carefully whether a new dog is appropriate for the older dog. Also keep in mind that bringing in a new companion for the dog will not make them miss their old owner any less. If a friend or family member has a puppy, ask if they can be introduced to your older dog. This will show you how well the dog deals with energetic puppies. If the older dog plays, cuddles, or gets along with the puppy, you might consider getting a younger dog. Try taking the dog to a dog park when it’s not too crowded, and see if the dog seems to enjoy being around other dogs. If so, then you might consider bringing home a new dog. Another option is to adopt an older or senior dog. Try to find one with a similar temperament. See if the dogs can meet first before you adopt to see if they are friendly with one another.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to stop the spread of a pandemic flu virus?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Prevention\n\n1. Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze. Use a disposable tissue and flush it down the toilet or throw it in a trash can immediately (don't put it down on any surface). Wash your hands or use hand sanitizer right afterwards. If you don't have anything to cough or sneeze into, cough or sneeze into the inside of your elbow rather than your hand. Change your clothing (if you were wearing long sleeves) or wash your arm as soon as you can. Carry tissues with you and offer them to others.\n2. Keep your hands clean. Wash your hands throughout the day, especially after touching other people or any surface that others have touched. Carry alcohol-based sanitizer with you. Offer it to others. Avoid touching your face unless your hands are just cleaned.\n3. Don't share utensils or drinks. In cafeteria settings, it's not uncommon for people to casually share utensils or take a sip from someone else's drink. This should be completely avoided if there is any risk of a flu pandemic.\n4. Wear a face mask or respirator as instructed by authorities. If used correctly, face masks and respirators may help prevent some exposure to flu viruses. However, face masks should be used along with other preventive measures, such as frequent hand washing.\n5. Stay healthy. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food. The healthier you are, the better your immune system will be at defending your body against a virus.\n\n\n## Preparation\n\n1. Know what to expect. A vaccine for pandemic flu may not be available for 4-6 months after a pandemic starts, and even then, it may only be available in limited amounts. People will have little or no immunity to pandemic flu since it is a new virus to humans. With seasonal flu, people have some immunity built up from previous exposure to the viruses. Symptoms of pandemic flu may be more severe than seasonal flu. More people are likely to die from pandemic flu than from seasonal flu.\n2. Stock up. Store nonperishable foods, bottled water, over-the-counter drugs, health supplies, and other necessities. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) recommends having a 2-week supply. (These supplies can be useful in other types of emergencies, such as power outages.) Have basic, over-the-counter health supplies such as a thermometer, facemasks, tissues, soap, hand sanitizers, medicine to relieve fever, and cold medicine.\n3. Plan ahead. Plan for what you will do in the following cases:\n\t* Schools dismissed: Consider childcare needs. Plan home learning activities and exercises. Have materials, such as books, on hand. Also plan recreational activities that your children can do at home. You or family member becomes sick and requires care: Make plans for how to care for people with special needs in case the services they rely on are not available. Plan to stay home for at least 10 days when you are sick with pandemic flu. Staying home will keep you from giving it to others. Make sure others in your household also stay home when they are sick. During a severe pandemic, stay home if someone in your household is sick with pandemic flu. Transportation networks disrupted. Think about how you can rely less on public transportation during a pandemic. For example, store food and other essential supplies so you can make fewer trips to the store. Prepare backup plans for taking care of loved ones who are far away. Consider other ways to get to work, or, if you can, work at home.\n4. Talk to your employer. Ask your employer about how business will continue during a pandemic. You can Develop a Risk Management Plan that accounts for the possibility of a flu pandemic. Find out if you can work from home, or if your employer will consider virtualizing the workforce. Plan for the possible reduction or loss of income if you are unable to work or your place of employment is closed. Check with your employer or union about leave policies.\n5. Stay updated. Identify sources you can count on for reliable information. If a pandemic occurs, having accurate and reliable information will be critical. Reliable, accurate, and timely information is available at http://www.pandemicflu.gov. Another source for information on pandemic influenza is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Hotline at: 1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636). This line is available in English and Spanish, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. TTY: 1-888-232-6348. If you do not live in the U.S., check if there is an equivalent hotline in your area. Look for information on your local and state government Web sites. Review your state's planning efforts and those of your local public health and emergency preparedness officials. Listen to local and national radio, watch news reports on television, and read your newspaper and other sources of printed and Web-based information.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to copy and create arrays in sketchup?", + "input": "", + "output": "Arrays are multiple copies of entities that you create in SketchUp. It can take a while to 'get' it, but once you do, you will find it very helpful. Read this article to learn how.\n\n## External array\n\n1. Open up SketchUp and select the item that you wish to copy.\n2. Click on the Move icon and start to move it. After you start to move it, press down on CTRL and move it to where you want the copy. If you want 5 of them, press 5x. 5x and then Enter\n3. If you want your copy a particular distance away from the original, once you have moved it, type in the distance and enter. 5' and then Enter\n\n\n## Linear array\n\n1. Have some idea of the number you will need. That is because you will be creating a space for the array to fill.\n2. Select the entity, start to move, press CTRL and move a distance away. Once you have it there, type in the number of total copies you want. In this instance, 4/ to create a total of 5 doghouses. 4/ and then Enter\n\t* If it doesn't look right and you haven't done anything else, you can type in another number and it will change.\n3. If you want to make a 'field' of your entities, select them and do it again. In the screenshot at the beginning of the article, 3/ and Enter was pressed to get all of the doghouses.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make your dog more playful?", + "input": "", + "output": "Some dogs are naturally more playful than others. Additionally, some breeds are also generally more sociable than other dog breeds. If you’re dog seems bored, lonely, or unhappy, there are many ways you can try to address their malaise. In order to make your dog more playful, it’s important to play with your dog regularly, bond with your dog, and pay attention to your dog’s needs. Making your dog more playful will make both you and your pet happier in your relationship.\n\n## Play with your dog regularly\n\n1. Play fetch or other retrieving exercises with your dog. Dogs like to chase and retrieve items, including bones and balls. If you can, try to train your dog to come to you before you throw the item and then bring it back to you once they retrieve it. Say “come” and get your dog to approach you. Get your dog to sit by putting the ball on their forehead and stating “sit”\n\t* When you throw the ball, tell your dog to “get it”. After they retrieve it, tell them “bring it here” to have them take it back to you to throw again.\n2. Get or make dog toys for a variety of activities. Show off the toy to your dog, but don’t play with it immediately. Try tug toys or braided rope toys that you can play back and forth with them. You can also try teething or training toys that can strengthen your dog’s teeth. Talk excitedly to your dog about the toy by saying things like “Where is it?” in reference to the dog toy. If your dog wants to play, they should begin wagging their tale and get excited. When you take out the dog toy, play with it first before you start playing with the dog. Use the toy to play with the dog for a brief amount of time before they get tired with it. This will help build their excitement for the next time you break out the dog toys.\n3. Play hunting and hiding games with your dog. Dogs like finding people and objects that are hidden. These types of games can stimulate your dog’s mind and their senses. While your dog is in the other room, hide in another room. Call them to come and find you. When they do, give them treats and dog toys to reward them. You can also hide doggie treats somewhere in the yard or in a room. When your dog comes into the room, they should sniff around in search of the treat. Give them encouragement when they get closer or farther away from finding the treat.\n4. Invite other dogs over to play. Your dog might get happy when he's around other dogs. For many dogs, having some friendly play with their fellow canines can be engaging and exciting. Your dog may like to roughhouse, but make sure things do not get out of hand. When they are play fighting, dogs will often avoid really biting the other dog and roll over often. If your dog is growling when playing with other dogs, their play fighting may have escalated into real fighting. You can also tell if they begin baring their teeth while wrestling with the other dog.\n5. Teach your dog tricks. Dog tricks can be fun, but also very useful. While there are many different tricks you can teach your dog, a few essential tricks can really show off your dog’s ability and make them more playful. Rollover is one easy trick to teach your dog. When your dog is lying down, move a food lure across its muzzle, neck, and shoulders. Use the command “Roll over” while doing so to get them to associate your command with the action. Stay can also be a very useful command. Ask your dog to sit in front of you while holding a treat and maintaining eye contact. If they are able to stay still, reward them with the treat and add the command “Stay” so they know what to do when you state the command. A “Go to” command can be useful in directing your dog. With a treat, walk to a whichever place you want them to go and place the treat there. Eventually, they will associate the place with the treat and with your specific “Go to” command.\n6. Take your dog to a dog park. Dog parks can a fun place for your dog to play with other dogs. It’s important for your dog to be able to play well with other dogs, so they don’t get into any fights with other dogs. After you’ve walked around the park with the dog to make sure it’s safe, you can take off their leash so they can run around. You’ll want to know where your dog is at all times, but not having a leash gives them greater freedom to roam around the park. If you have a small dog, try to bring them specifically to a section of the park with other small dogs. Otherwise, they may get overwhelmed.\n\n\n## Bond with your dog\n\n1. Show physical affection to your dog. Dogs like physical affection, and it can bond them closer to their owners. Spend time petting or grooming your dog nearly every day. Dogs can be sensitive to touch at first. Touching them each day can build up their sensitivity and get them to crave your touch. You can also groom them on a regular basis. Just something as simple as brushing their coat with a brush can show your dog physical affection.\n2. Spend one-on-one time with your dog every day. Even if you're at work all day, it's good to have some time alone with your dog. Taking your dog for a walk every day can be a good way to reaffirm your bond with your dog. If you go on a walk with your dog, make it an engaging activity for your dog. Instead of walking aimlessly, try to give your dog specific goals and landmarks to walk or run to that you can do together. Talk to your dog or teach them a trick. If you try a new trick every few weeks, this will bond you and your dog together and keep them focused on doing well for you.\n3. Do focused activities with your dog. Dogs like to have structure, since it gives them a clear sense of purpose. When you play with your dog, try to make them task-oriented. Give them directions on where to run, jump, and play. Playing catch is a good example of directed play. Dogs also like to please their owners. Focused activities can tell your dog that they have fulfilled your expectations and you're happy with them.\n4. Give praise to your dog. When you are training your dog, it’s especially good to give positive reinforcement. Additionally, praising your dog can make you grow closer together. While treats may be the most common type of positive reinforcement, it’s also important to speak to your dog positively. They will associate your tone of voice with your mood and feel happy as well. If your dog does not respond to treats, a toy may also be a good way to praise your dog. They may also like physical affection from you, such as being petted, as a method of praise.\n5. Start obedience training. Dogs like to be trained, since they like structure. You can either have your dog join a class or do it just with you. In either case, you should be heavily involved in any training with your dog. If you are training your dog, always use positive reinforcement. Dogs like treats and voice training (like \"Good boy\") that tell them they are doing well. Pay attention to your dog's mood. They need to be in the right mood for training. Otherwise, it will not be an effective training session and will be frustrated with you and your dog.\n6. Take your dog to a training or activity class. If you're working a specific skill or behavior, a training or activity class can be fun for you to do with your dog. These classes can be good for you and your dog to use to bond over a shared activity. Activity classes can work from puppies to adult dogs. For puppies, these activity classes may be especially useful to teach them discipline and some general training. If you have a new dog that's not a puppy, it may be a good idea to bring them to a training class. Even if they are trained, you and your dog could use the class to learn how to work together.\n\n\n## Pay attention to your dog’s need\n\n1. Know your dog's likes and dislikes. Since not all dogs are the same, every dog has different things they like and don't like. Paying attention to things like their favorite and least favorite things let them know you care. Your dog likely has favorite foods, toys, and games. Give them these things, so they will affiliated their favorites with you. Stay away from things you know your dog dislikes. Some things that all dogs dislikes are head pats, hugging, floral smells, and loud noises.\n2. Read your dog's body language. Your dog gives you plenty of clues how they feel. Watch your dog during activities and you should be able to tell if they are enjoying them or not. When your dog is playful, they are performing a \"play bow\". In the play bow, their rear end is up and their front end is down. Dogs that are whining, pacing, or doing anything unusual are usually stressed or fearful. These activities show you that your dog is not ready to play and likely needs to calm down. Tail wagging can mean many things. While a loose wag means your dog is open and comfortable, a tight wag can mean they are agitated.\n3. Put yourself in a calm state of mind. Very often, your dog's mood will reflect your mood. If you are happy and playful, your dog is more likely to also be happy and playful. Dogs try to read your intention. If you seem uncertain about your intention, they may try to guess; often, they may guess incorrectly. Be clear even when you are calm. Dogs like directions, so it's good to tell them what you want and when.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to do a deep treatment?", + "input": "", + "output": "A deep moisturizing treatment, protein treatment, or hair mask, can be store bought or homemade. A deep treatment is a great way to improve dry or damaged hair because it moisturizes and strengthens the hair. Read on to learn how to apply one!\n\n## Basic deep treatment\n\n1. Obtain the deep treatment. You can buy one from a store or make your own see below for recipes in \"Related wikiHows\" that you can make at home.\n2. Wash your hair. The hair should be freshly washed before applying the treatment so it can soak in properly. Don't wait until your hair dries to apply the treatment.\n3. Apply the deep treatment to your whole head of hair. Use a comb or brush to distribute the product.\n4. Put your hair up in a towel turban, shower cap, heating cap, etc. This will keep the deep treatment on your hair, and not on your clothes.\n5. Wait for 15 minutes to an hour. Or you can sleep while wearing the deep treatment.\n6. Take the cap off, rinse your hair, and style as usual.\n7. Enjoy your soft, moisturized hair!\n\n\n## Avocado mask deep treatment\n\n1. Get your ingredients. For your deep conditioning mask, you'll need 1 egg-white, 1 avocado, a tablespoon of olive oil, and a tablespoon of honey. These measurements can be altered depending on how long and thick you hair is.\n2. Mix the ingredients. Using a blender or food processor, add all your ingredients and blend them on high until a creamy consistency has formed. If you don't have a blender, you can mash the ingredients together manually, but it will take a bit more time.\n3. Apply the mixture to your hair. Scoop some of the mask onto your fingertips, and spread it throughout your hair, focusing primarily on the ends of each strand. When you've used all of the mask, you can wrap your hair up in a shower-cap to prevent the mask from rubbing off on your clothes.\n4. Let the mask set. Leave the mask for 20-30 minutes to allow time for it to soak into your hair. You can leave it on for longer if you would like, but make sure that you wait at least 20 minutes.\n5. Rinse out the mask. Remove your shower-cap and run your hair under warm water in the shower. Using just the warm water, wash out all of the remaining mask. If you need to, you can use shampoo, but try to avoid it because it will dry out your hair again. When you're finished washing your hair out, dry your hair with a towel.\n6. Repeat the process. You can apply this mask to your hair 1-2 times a week for the optimal results. Otherwise, apply this avocado mask to your hair whenever it starts to appear dull, frizzy, or is dry and damaged to the touch.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to freeze lasagna?", + "input": "", + "output": "Freezing homemade lasagna is a great way to have ready-made meals on hand for nights when it's all you can do to turn the oven on and heat up dinner. When you make lasagna and freeze it for later, you'll have a homemade, healthy meal on hand whenever you need it. You can freeze lasagna baked or unbaked, but you'll need to thaw it overnight before cooking it to serve. See Step 1 to learn how to freeze lasagna so that it stays fresh-tasting.\n\n## Prepare the lasagna\n\n1. Make a freezer-friendly lasagna recipe. Some ingredients taste better than others when they're reheated after being frozen. Most lasagna recipes that call for fresh ingredients will be just fine after freezing, whether you freeze them unbaked or baked. However, if the recipe uses items that have already been frozen and thawed once, it's best not to freeze and thaw them twice. This increases the chance that the food could be contaminated by bacteria. For example, don't plan on freezing lasagna made with sausage or ground beef that was previously frozen. Instead, use fresh meat or leave it out completely. Food that is frozen and thawed more than once also suffers when it comes to flavor and texture. Choosing a recipe that calls for fresh ingredients will result in the best-tasting lasagna. If your favorite lasagna recipe calls for a frozen ingredient, the final dish usually won't be too affected by substituting the fresh version instead. For example, instead of using frozen mushrooms, just use fresh. In most cases you will have needed to thaw them anyway.\n2. Assemble the lasagna in a dish that can be frozen. Look for a \"freezer-proof\" label or be certain that the dish can be frozen as well as used for baking. Most glass or ceramic casserole dishes are fine for this purpose. Avoid using an aluminum pan for long-term storage of lasagna. The food might end up picking up a tinny taste. If you don't have a dish that can be used to both bake and freeze lasagna, you can bake it one dish and freeze it in a freezer-safe food storage container.\n3. Decide whether to bake it first. Lasagna that has been baked before freezing will still taste great after it has been reheated. Lasagna that has been assembled and frozen before baking is delicious, too. Use whichever method is most convenient for you, since the final texture and taste of the dish won't be too affected either way. You might decide to freeze pre-baked lasagna if you have leftovers after making a big batch. If you'd rather freeze it before baking, consider making two lasagnas next time you're having lasagna for dinner. You can bake one and freeze the other to eat later.\n4. Bring the lasagna to room temperature. If you want to freeze baked lasagna, it's necessary to make sure it has cooled entirely before you freeze it. Otherwise, the texture of the dish won't be as pleasant when it's time to eat it. After making the lasagna, set it aside for one hour to cool. You can also place it into the refrigerator to chill. Before placing it in the fridge, cover the lasagna with two layers of plastic wrap and one layer of kitchen foil.\n5. Cover the lasagna with freezer-safe plastic wrap. Don't use aluminum foil, since it might affect the taste of the lasagna. Cover it with several layers of plastic wrap to keep it fresh in the freezer. You may want to wrap the plastic around the entire dish, rather than just over the top. That way, you can make sure there are no gaps in the wrap where air could get in and cause freezer burn. Consider cutting the lasagna into individual portions and freezing them in bags. This way you won't have to reheat the entire thing if you only need a meal for one or two people. Cut the lasagna into serving sized-portions after it has chilled. This will help the pieces hold together better instead of falling apart. Put each piece in its own freezer-safe storage bag. No matter what, make sure it is double wrapped to prevent the lasagna from drying out.\n6. Freeze the lasagna. Label it and place it in the freezer. It can be frozen for up to three months, whether it has a meat or vegetable filling.\n\n\n## Thaw and reheat lasagna\n\n1. Thaw it overnight. The night before you intend to have the lasagna for dinner, thaw it overnight. If you try to bake it while it's still partially frozen, it will cook unevenly and the taste and texture will be affected. It will also be more difficult to determine whether it's done or not. You can thaw either the entire lasagna or portions in the refrigerator overnight.\n2. Preheat the oven to 180ºC/350ºF. This is the standard cooking temperature for lasagna. No matter what recipe you used, this is a good temperature for baking your lasagna to perfection.\n3. Ready the lasagna for baking. Unwrap all of the plastic wrap, and cover the baking dish with aluminum foil. This will keep the top from getting too brown while the rest of the lasagna cooks. If you're cooking an individual portion of lasagna, take the piece you want to bake out of its storage bag and place it on a suitable baking dish, then cover with foil.\n4. Bake the lasagna. Put it in the oven and cook it half an hour to 40 minutes, or until heated through. You may need to test a small piece from the center to make sure it isn't still cold in the middle. During the last 10 minutes of baking, you can remove the foil to allow the heat to reach the top if you want a brown, crispy crust on your lasagna. If you're just reheating an individual piece of lasagna, you can do it in the microwave instead of in the oven. Place it on a microwave-safe dish and microwave on high for 2 - 3 minutes, or until it's hot and bubbly. Do not use aluminum foil in the microwave.\n5. Serve the lasagna. Since it has been in the freezer for awhile, you might want to freshen it up by sprinkling some chipped basil or oregano on top.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to address a queen?", + "input": "", + "output": "Queens are typically addressed as \"Your Majesty,\" but in modern times there is rarely any enforcement or punishment for getting it wrong. Queen Elizabeth II, the most famous living monarch, has been winked at by a U.S. president, among many other gaffes she's witnessed over the years. The royal family lives on, and the correct etiquette to use remains, at least in the British case, a suggested tradition rather than a requirement.\n\n## Address queen elizabeth ii in a letter\n\n1. Decide whether to use traditional forms. According to the Royal Family's official policy, you should be free to write in whatever style you like. Politeness and respect will make any letter more kindly received, but that does not necessarily equate to using formal terms. Stay sincere, and do not use the formal terms below if they make you uncomfortable.\n2. Begin the letter with \"Madam.\" At the top of your letter, write \"Madam,\" skip a line, and start writing your letter on the line below it. This is the formal and traditional term of address when writing a letter to the Queen of the United Kingdom.\n3. Conclude the letter with a respectful term. The traditional written conclusion is I have the honour to be, Madam, Your Majesty's most humble and obedient servant, followed by your name. If you find this conclusion distasteful due to the declaration of servitude, or the insertion of the letter u in honour, consider one of the following respectful conclusions instead:\n\t* With greatest respect,\n\t* Yours faithfully,\n\t* Yours sincerely,\n4. Mail the letter. On the envelope, write the following postal address, using the last line only if you are mailing the letter from outside the UK:\n\t* The Queen\n\t* Buckingham Palace\n\t* London SW1A 1AA\n\t* United Kingdom\n\n\n## Address queen elizabeth ii in person\n\n1. Make a small curtsy, bow, or nod. Traditionally, women do a discreet curtsy and men bow from the neck when they meet the Queen of the United Kingdom. This is no longer required, but citizens of the Commonwealth usually choose to use this greeting. People who are not subjects of the Queen often prefer to use a slight nod instead. Do not bow from the waist.\n2. Politely shake the Queen's hand if offered. The Queen may or may not offer her hand, although there is no special significance to one decision or the other. If she does offer her hand, take it in a brief, gentle handshake. Do not offer your hand first.\n3. Wait for Her Majesty to address you. A good general rule, in fact, is not to initiate an action or conversation until the Queen has addressed you directly. Needless to say, wait until the Queen finishes speaking before you reply.\n4. Address her as \"Your Majesty\" the first time in the conversation. If you are stuck for words, say \"Hello, Your Majesty. I am delighted to meet you.\" Any polite greeting is acceptable, however.\n5. Address her as \"Ma'am\" for the rest of the conversation. For the rest of the conversation, say, \"Ma'am,\" pronounced to rhyme with \"jam.\" You may use the term \"Your Majesty\" again if you are asking her a question or introducing someone, but \"Ma'am\" will do most of the time.\n6. Don't ask personal questions. Most likely, the Queen will be guiding the conversation. But if you contribute your own small talk, avoid asking her about her family or personal life.\n7. Don't turn your back on the Queen until the conversation is over. Remain facing her or standing to the side throughout the conversation. Turn away or leave only when the conversation is over. And of course, don't forget to give her a proper good-bye and thank Her Majesty for the unexpected opportunity.\n\n\n## Address queen of other nations\n\n1. Try to find the specific form of address. Monarchies often have specific terms of address borne of their countries' traditions. Search online or in etiquette books for the terms of address for the specific monarchy.\n2. When in doubt, use \"Your Majesty.\" The term \"Your Majesty\" is common and unlikely to cause offense. This term is the proper way to address most queens, from Queen Pengiran Anak Saleha of Brunei, to Queen Mathilde of Belgium. Use \"Her Majesty\" instead of \"her\" when writing or speaking about these queens in the third person.\n3. Address Empresses as \"Her Imperial Majesty.\" If a monarch's title includes \"Empress,\" or if the nation she heads traditionally considers itself an empire, she should be addressed as \"Her Imperial Majesty.\"\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to pin internet explorer shortcuts to the windows taskbar (with windows 8.1)?", + "input": "", + "output": "Ever since Windows 7, it's been easy to pin Internet Explorer shortcuts. However, when Windows 8.1 came out in October 2013, they complicated this process a bit. Learn the newest processes to pinning an Internet Explorer shortcut to the taskbar, starting at Step 1 in Method 1 below.\n\n## Drag icon directly to taskbar\n\n1. Use the Internet Explorer program on your Windows desktop. Don't use the app that comes with your computer that is native to Windows 8.1.\n2. Browse to the site you'd like to pin to the taskbar.\n3. Look for the icon to the left of the address in the URL box/address bar.\n4. Click and drag this icon into your taskbar.\n\n\n## Slightly more complicate through the former feature method\n\n1. Use the Internet Explorer program on your Windows desktop. Don't use the app that comes with your computer that is native to Windows 8.1.\n2. Browse to the site you'd like to pin to the taskbar.\n3. Click the Gears button in the top right corner of the screen just below the x button that will close the screen and click \"Add site to Apps\".\n4. Look down at your Windows Taskbar, a few seconds later. The page should have unhooked itself from the main Internet explorer E icon from your Windows taskbar and opened itself up as a temporary pin on your taskbar.\n5. Right click the item in the list and select \"Pin to Taskbar\".\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make churros?", + "input": "", + "output": "The Mexican version of a quick fried cake, churros are incredible tasty treats that couldn't be easier to make. Whether you want to craft them from scratch or are looking for a quicker fix, anyone can whip up a batch of churros at home.\n\n## Make fresh churros\n\n1. Whip the two eggs together with the vanilla in a small bowl. It should be well blended and mixed. When done, set it aside for later. To make richer churros, you can add 1-2 more eggs, though this is totally up to taste.\n2. Heat up 1-1/2\" of oil in a large frying pan until 375°F. If you don't have a candy thermometer, keep everything on medium-low, and you'll be ready just as small amounts of \"smoke\" is rising from the top of the oil. If you drop a small test ball of dough in, the oil should immediately start bubbling. A thick-bottomed pan is always your best bet, as they hold heat much better than thinner pans. You can also wait to pre-heat the oil until after you've made the dough. However, this can take some time, so starting now is a good idea if you think you can do the dough quickly. If you do, just keep the burner on medium, not high, to prevent burning.\n3. In a medium saucepan, add the water, brown sugar, salt, and butter and heat until boiling. Stir it frequently, until everything is well dissolved and the mixture is bubbling nicely. Once it is a consistent, boiling mixture, immediately lower the heat to low.\n4. Add the flour to the hot water mixture all at once, stirring until a firm dough. This takes some arms, so really get in there with a wooden spoon to stir everything up into it is well blended. Turn the heat off when done.\n5. Pour the egg/vanilla mixture in and stir until you have a consistent dough. You should have a glossy ball of dough when you've mixed everything up completely. If you pull up on the dough sharply, it should keep it's hook shape. If it doesn't add and beat in another egg.\n6. Consider how you want to make the long, round shapes churros are famous for. There are a lot of ways to turn your ball of dough into long, delicious churros, and none of them are wrong. Use whatever works for you, making long, thin, cylindrical treats:\n\t* \n\t* Pinch and Roll: The simplest method, simply pull off a 2\" ball of dough and roll it between your hands to form a snake-like shape, roughly 1/2\" thick. Decorative Piper: Usually used for icing, these have star-shaped tips that will get the ridges found on fairground churros. Pack the dough where the icing goes and then push it through to make perfect, even logs of dough. DIY Decorative Piper: Take a large freezer back and fill it with dough. Then cut the bottom corner off the bag to form a small opening. Squeeze the dough through this whole to make your logs.\n7. Fry the logs in hot oil until golden brown on all sides, turning frequently. The total cooking time will depend on how thick the churros are, but you should be able to tell easily when they are done, as the outsides will be an alluring golden brown. Don't put more than 3-4 churros in the pan at once -- too much will drop the temperature of the oil rapidly, leading to greasy churros.\n8. Drain the finished churros on paper towels. Set them aside on a plate of paper towels, then lightly pat down the tops with more paper towels to get rid of excess oil.\n9. Combine white sugar and cinnamon in a small bowl and roll the churros in the mixture. You've got your finished churros! Combine them in as much or as little cinnamon sugar as you want -- they'll be delicious either way. Some people take things a step further by drizzling the finished churros in chocolate sauce, too.\n\n\n## Make \"instant\" churros\n\n1. Purchase a roll of pre-made biscuits from your favorite brand. The dough in a \"real\" churro is a little different than the dough in a biscuit, but the basic ingredients are the same and they will cook similarly. It is usually best to use the smaller biscuits, allowing you to more easily fry everything. If you don't want the fat of biscuit batter, you can use 1 cup hot water and 3-1/4 cups of your favorite all-purpose pancake mix. Blend into a dough and proceed like normal.\n2. Take two biscuits and roll them in between your hands into ten-inch ropes. Churros need to be long and thin in order to really cook nicely. Try to make all the ropes roughly the same diameter for the best results.\n3. Twist biscuits together and pinch ends. Simply make a rope out of the biscuits by braiding one over the other, When done, pinch both ends together to fuse them. You can also lightly roll the whole thing together to keep the centers together.\n4. Alternatively, use an icing pipette or icing bag to pump out the strips. Simply put the dough into a large plastic bag, then snip off the bottom corner with scissors. You can push the dough straight out the bottom of the back in perfect strips.\n5. Pour vegetable oil into a medium-sized frying pan. Heat until it reached 375F. Make sure there is about 2 inches (5.1 cm) of oil in the pan to cover the churros. There should be enough oil so that they float freely while frying, and all sides, except the very top, are being cooked at the same time. If you don't have an oil thermometer, 375 is when there is barely smoke coming off the top of the oil. Don't let it get much farther than this point.\n6. Drop the dough twists into the pan, turning occasionally. Fry for about 2 minutes, or until golden brown. They don't take long, but you can easily see when they are finished by the color on the outsides. Once they look good to eat, they usually are.\n7. Remove the churros with the slotted spoon and place them on a paper towel. Pat them down with paper towels to remove excess oil, which will make them soggy if it cools on the churro.\n8. Roll the twisted dough in cinnamon and sugar mixture. In a separate bowl, mix up 1/2 cup of sugar with a teaspoon of cinnamon. Then roll the warm churros in the mixture to coat them deliciously.\n9. Serve warm, with chocolate dip if desired. They are fine on their own or with a delicious chocolate dip. Enjoy!\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to clean tires and rims?", + "input": "", + "output": "Anybody that owns a car has the issue of tires. Whether it is simply keeping them inflated, or the more complicated issue of keeping them looking clean. Tires were meant to get dirty. But if you follow a few simple steps, you can cheat the rules and keep your tires looking clean.\n\n## Tire\n\n1. Spray a synthetic wheel cleaner onto dry tires and allow five minutes to set in and lift off grime.\n2. Rinse off cleaner with a hose, being sure to remove all traces of the cleaner.\n3. Examine the tires. If they are still not up to expectations, allow surface to dry and then repeat steps 1 and 2.\n4. Apply tire wetting formula to the walls of the tire. If it is spray on, simply let the foam work its way into the tires and dry. If using a gel, however, apply to an applicator sponge specialized for the purpose and apply as needed.\n\n\n## Non chrome rim\n\n1. Start with a basic cleaner . Windex will work fine.\n2. Spray liberally onto the surface off the rim and rub on with a paper towel, or preferable a micro-fiber cloth.\n3. Spray off with a hose.\n4. Repeat step 1.\n\n\n## Chrome rim\n\n1. Know that polishes may be used after the initial cleaner to create a mirror like finish. These usually cost from 1-5 dollars.\n2. Make sure that the rims are not in direct sunlight. Apply the polish to a micro-fiber cloth or specialized applicator sponge, and use on the surface of the rim.\n3. Allow the polish to dry to a haze, and then rub to a clean finish with a micro-fiber cloth.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to take care of kittens?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Help your female cat give birth and care for newborns (0 to 4 weeks)\n\n1. Provide a quiet place for the birth. Your female cat will chose a place where she feels safe to give birth. By all means, provide a large cardboard box, turn it on its side and line it with warm, dry bedding–but don't be disappointed if she has other ideas. Instinct tells her to find a quiet concealed spot, such as under a bed, behind a sofa, or inside a kitchen cabinet. To learn more about helping your cat give birth, see this article.\n2. Do not disturb during the birth and first two days. The first 48 hours is a crucial time for the mother to bond with her kittens, so try not to disturb her. If she gives birth under your bed, leave her there. Moving the newborn kittens will distress the mother and in the worst scenario could cause her to reject them. Once she is firmly bonded, at around four or five days, if you feel it's necessary to move the kittens, do it then.\n3. Leave food, water, and cat litter in the room. The mother won't want to leave her kittens for long in the first two weeks of their life. Always put food and water within stretching distance of her nest, and if possible, offer a litter tray in the same room so that she can stay within sight and sound of the kittens. If food is in another room, some mothers chose to starve rather than leave their newborn kittens to find it.\n4. Feed the mother extra calories. She needs the extra calories to make milk for her kittens. Feed her kitten food, which has more calories than adult cat food.\n5. Let Mom do most of the clean-ups. Instinct helps the mother to keep the nest clean. The newborn kittens do not urinate or defecate on their own, so the mother has to lick their bottoms before and after feeding to stimulate elimination. This way she keeps the nest clean. Try to disturb the nest as little as possible. If the bedding becomes soiled, wait until Mom hops out for a toilet break herself to take out the dirty bedding and pop in clean.\n6. Check that the kittens are all nursing. If the mother cat is present, the kittens should nurse from her immediately after the last kitten is born. Newborn kittens will spend most of their time sleeping, waking up to nurse every two to three hours. If they do not appear to be nursing, or one kitten is being pushed away from the mother cat by its siblings, supplement with bottle feeding as described in Part 2.\n7. Consider spaying the mother cat. Having your mother cat spayed (removing her womb) after the kittens are done nursing (they should be weaned by about 8 weeks) is highly recommended by veterinarians and humane organizations. This helps prevent the suffering of unwanted kittens, and can also have some health benefits for the spayed cat. Be aware that a cat can potentially fall pregnant again as little as three to four days after giving birth, so keep her indoors to avoid this risk.\n8. Start to think about deworming the kittens. This can happen as early as two weeks if necessary. Consult a veterinarian for proper medication and dosing.\n\n\n## Care for orphan kitten (0 to 4 weeks)\n\n1. Feed the kittens a milk replacement. Powdered cat milk replacer (such as Cimicat) can be purchased from the vet clinic, major pet stores, or on the Internet. Another good milk replacer is KMR. This is the cat equivalent of infant formula, with the same composition as queen's (mother's) milk. The milk replacer has guidelines as to how much to feed in each meal. Do not feed cow's milk to the kitten as the lactose is likely to upset the kitten's stomach. If you have no milk replacement and a hungry kitten, offer some cooled boiled water in a dropper or syringe until you can get to the vet clinic or pet store. The water keeps the kitten hydrated and won't upset her tummy.\n2. Use a kitten feeding bottle with a specially designed kitten teat. You can purchase this at a vet clinic, a major pet store, or on the Internet. In an emergency use an eyedropper or a small syringe to drip the milk replacement into the kitten's mouth.\n3. Burp the kittens after each meal. You do this much as you would a baby: hold the kitten up straight against your shoulder, or place one hand under its belly. Gently pat and rub its back.\n4. Stimulate the kittens to eliminate. Before and after each feed, wipe the kitten's bottom with a paper towel or gauze pad soaked in warm water. This stimulates the kitten to go to the toilet, which otherwise she would not do. Hold the kitten over a litter box and use the towel to rub the kitten's genitals and anal region after every meal. Continue to do this until the urination and defecation is over (when nothing else is coming out). Rub in just one direction–rubbing back and forth is irritating. Cotton balls or pads are not recommended because they shed.\n5. Look for signs of healthy elimination. Urine should be pale yellow and odorless, and stools should be yellowish-brown, formed in tiny logs. Dark, pungent urine is a sign of dehydration; green stool may be a sign of over-feeding, while white stool could indicate malabsorption, a serious problem. Call your vet if you have any concerns. If the kitten does not urinate for 12 hours, take her to the vet's immediately. Most kittens poop once a day, but individual schedules vary. Take her to the vet's if she hasn't pooped in more than two days.\n6. Follow the kittens' meal times. In the first two weeks of life the kitten feeds every two to three hours around the clock. The kitten will tell you she is hungry by crying and wriggling around as if hunting for a nipple. A full kitten often falls asleep while suckling and has a rounded belly. After two weeks, the feeds can be stretched out to to every three to four hours, with a gap of six hours overnight.\n7. Keep the kittens warm with a covered heating pad. Neonatal kittens (under two weeks of age) cannot regulate their body temperature and usually keep warm by snuggling up to their mother. You can simulate this situation by keeping them on a heated pad designed for puppies or kittens. Avoid putting them in direct contact with the pad: if the kitten is in direct contact with the heat pad, she might be at risk of either local burns or overheating. However, these pads usually come in a fleece cover so it shouldn't be a problem, except for when you remove the cover for washing, in which case substitute a towel. As the kitten gets older (over two weeks), she is able to move away from the heat if she gets too hot.\n8. Never feed a cold kitten. If a kitten's body feels cold, you need to warm her up gradually. A kitten is cold if her ears and/or the pads of her feet feel chilly to the touch. Put your finger in her mouth: if it feels cold, the kitten's body temperature is too low, which can be life-threatening. Warm her up slowly by wrapping her in a fleece blanket and holding her next to your body, rubbing her gently with your hands for one to two hours.\n9. Learn more about taking care of orphaned kittens. You can start with this article. Contact a veterinarian for information and suggestions. Your vet can also provide vaccinations against common diseases and deworm the kittens. Orphaned kittens may be dewormed starting at two weeks, and, depending on their situation, can be vaccinated starting anywhere from two to eight weeks. They may have weaker immune systems because, unlike other kittens, they don't get the antibodies from their mother's milk.\n\n\n## Wean and socialize your kitten (4 - 8 weeks)\n\n1. Start to leave out extra kitten food. If Mom's around, the weaning process (switching from mother's milk to solid food) happens naturally from about four weeks. At this point, Mom gets tired of the kittens chewing on her teats and starts to spend time apart from them. In turn, the hungry kittens investigate food options around them and usually discover Mom's food. As the kittens start to take mouthfuls of her food, they begin the weaning process.\n2. Provide water. Kittens do not need water until they start weaning, roughly around four weeks old. Any kitten above this age, however, should have constant access to a full water bowl. Change this water whenever it gets dirty (as it tends to if kittens step and/or poop in the bowl).\n3. Put down kitten food for hand-reared kittens. If you've been bottle-feeding the kittens yourself, the weaning process is similar. It sometimes helps to put some milk-replacer in a saucer and put your finger just beneath the surface to teach the kitten to lap first. Then, it's a matter of mashing up some wet kitten food with the milk-replacer to make a porridge for the kitten to lap. As she gets the hang of that you can thicken up the porridge until she's happily taking most of her calories in solid form.\n4. Socialize your kittens by introducing them to new things. Socialization is crucial during the three-to-nine-week window. From two to three weeks of age, handle the kittens as much as possible every day. Introduce them to different sights and sounds, such as the vacuum cleaner, hair dryer, men with beards, children . . . anything you can think of. During this six-week window the kitten is most open to new experiences, and what she encounters now she will accept without question as an adult, making her into a happy, well-adjusted and sociable cat. Use cat toys, balls, string, or other objects to play with them, but don't use objects small enough for them to swallow. (Note that cats may eat string or yarn if left unsupervised, so only allow this in your interactive play. It's a potential choking hazard.) Don't teach your kittens that human fingers and hands are toys, or the kitten may continue to bite and scratch them as an adult.\n5. Provide non-clumping litter. Choose a spot for the litter box carefully, as once used to it, the kittens will probably continue to use that spot. If litter-training the kittens yourself, simply place the kittens there after each meal, or whenever a kitten starts to crouch and scratch the floor in preparation for pooping. Clean the litter box at least once a day, or the kittens may stop using it. Choose a box with low sides so it's easy for the kittens to get in and out. Avoid clumping litter, as kittens may eat the clumps, which could potentially harm their digestion. If a kitten seems like it doesn't want to stay in the litter box, gently take its paws and imitate digging in the litter. Then, provide the kitten with privacy so it can dig a hole, do its business, and cover it up with some litter.\n6. Keep the cat inside until it has all its shots. Once your veterinarian allows it, you can let the cat outside to explore. Make sure you keep a close watch on it until you're sure it knows to return home. Let the kitten outside when it's a bit hungry. Entice it back in by calling its name and showing it food. This will remind your kitten that while outdoors is fun, its final destination will always be your home.\n7. Give kittens away responsibly. If selling or giving away the kittens, you should wait until they are at least eight weeks old, but twelve weeks old is preferred. Take them to a vet and start their shots before they leave you. Always follow-up with the new owners to make sure the kitten is getting her shots and is scheduled to be spayed or neutered. Exchange phone numbers with the new owners so you can confirm your kitten is in good hands, or in case the owners want to return her (at least you can help her find another home).\n\n\n## Take care of an adopt kitten (8 weeks and beyond)\n\n1. Ask the breeder or shelter for a blanket that smells like the kitten's mother and siblings. These smells help to give the kitten comfort while she settles into her new home.\n2. Ask what kind of food the kitten's been eating. Provide this for the first few days so that you don't make too many changes at once. When the kitten has settled in, this is your chance to change her food to one of your choosing, though do it gradually: replace a small quantity of her former food with the new food, increasing the amount slowly over the course of a week. If the kitten is eating dry kibble, leave a bowl out all day. If she is eating wet food, give her small meals every six hours. Continue to feed kitten food, not adult cat food, until one year of age.\n3. Provide water. Kittens above four weeks of age need water, so clean water should always be available. Cats tend to be more interested in water that is not next to their food bowl. Encourage drinking by placing water bowls in different spots through the house.\n4. Introduce the kitten to your house slowly. Expose the kitten to just one room initially: the whole house will be too overwhelming on the first day. Set up a bed (preferably one that has sides and a roof so the kitten feels safe in a nest), with food and water in one corner of the room, and a litter tray in the opposite corner. Show the kitten where her facilities are, and then leave her to rest. It's been a big day for the little kitten so let her adjust and sleep for a few hours.\n5. Give the kitten as much attention as you can. Spend as much time as possible grooming, playing, fussing and interacting with the kitten. This helps her to grow into a well-socialized, friendly adult.\n6. Keep the kitten and your possessions safe. Keep electrical cords and devices out of the kitten's reach to avoid her chewing on them. Child locks may be a wise investment for low cabinets if you have a particularly inquisitive kitten.\n7. Plan a vet visit. At nine weeks old the kitten can have her first vaccination. This is the ideal time for a vet to examine her, worm her and start vaccinations. The basic kitten vaccine includes protection against cat flu and infectious enteritis. There is also the option to vaccinate against feline leukemia.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to clean slate?", + "input": "", + "output": "Slate is a stone that brings natural beauty into the home, and can be expensive to install. Regular maintenance cleaning can help preserve slate. But sometimes, it needs a deep clean or stain removal. A combination of regular cleaning and an occasional deep clean can help keep your slate in good condition.\n\n## Maintain a regular clean routine\n\n1. Sweep or remove dust and debris regularly. If you have slate floors, it is important to sweep daily or several times a week. Dust can damage slate over time by wearing away the surface. Keeping a regular cleaning schedule can prevent this damage. Use a dry broom or cloth for this step.\n2. Mix a solution of mild soap and water. For this, you will need a large bucket full of warm water. Mix in a little bit of soap. Dish soap works well for this.\n3. Mop or wipe the surface. Gently wipe the surface of the slate using small circular motions. This motion will loosen and lift dried-on dust and dirt. Use a soft mop, made from materials such as a microfiber. Stiff bristles can damage the stone. For vertical surfaces, clean from the bottom up. Slate should be cleaned with soap every 2-3 months.\n4. Rinse the slate with water. Rinse out your bucket and mop first, and then use them to rinse the slate with water. Soap buildup can attract more dirt, meaning you will have to clean your slate again.\n5. Dry the slate with a fresh, dry, soft cloth. This will remove any streaks from forming on the slate that may occur from air drying and prevent slipping on floor surfaces.\n\n\n## Clean deeply\n\n1. Sweep and mop the slate. Start with removing dry dust and debris by sweeping. Then mop or wipe the slate surface with a soft cloth or microfiber mop in soapy water. Allow the surface to dry.\n2. Apply teak oil to the slate. After the surface is completely dry, apply teak oil to a clean, dry cloth. Using small, circular motions, apply cloth to the slate to cover it in a thin layer of teak oil. Designated slate oil is also available to buy at some hardware stores. However, it tends to be more expensive. Teak oil will achieve the same results.\n3. Clean grout between slate tiles. Mix a solution in a spray bottle that is 50% hydrogen peroxide and 50% water. You can find hydrogen peroxide at hardware stores or pharmacies. Spray the solution onto the grout. Avoid direct contact with the eyes when using hydrogen peroxide. Repeat this step as needed if the grout doesn't look clean after the first round.\n4. Reapply sealant as needed. Sealant protects slate from some everyday wear and tear, and is used on interior surfaces. Each sealant is different, so be sure to follow the specific instructions that come with it. In general, apply at least two layers and allow the sealant to dry completely between coats. Each sealant will come with instructions about how often to reapply it.\n\n\n## Remove a stain\n\n1. Mix a solution in a spray bottle that is 50% hydrogen peroxide and 50% water. Allow the mixture to sit for around 10 minutes.\n2. Spray the solution onto the stain and scrub. Using a soft-bristled brush or microfiber cloth, scrub the stain with small, circular motions. If the stain does not come out, a stronger solution may be needed.\n3. Mix a solution of hydrogen peroxide and baking soda. Add a few spoonfuls of baking soda to the peroxide until the mixture becomes bubbly. Wait until the bubbles stop.\n4. Apply the solution to the stain. Once the peroxide and baking soda mix has set, you can wipe it away with a clean cloth.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to call the united arab emirates?", + "input": "", + "output": "The United Arab Emirates, or UAE, is a vibrant nation and tourist destination. Whether you have family and friends there or need to contact a business, you may need to call internationally. Dialing a number in the UAE is simple when you dial the correct exit, country, and area codes. Before you place your call, read about time zone differences and different calling options allowed by the UAE government to save yourself money.\n\n## Dial a uae number\n\n1. Dial your country’s exit code to route the call internationally. Each country has its own exit code, so the number you need to dial varies slightly depending on where you are in the world. The most common exit codes are 00, used throughout Europe, and 011, used for most of North America. Ask your phone service provider for the access code or look it up at https://www.howtocallabroad.com/codes.html\n\t* For example, the exit code for Australia is 0011. When you dial the UAE, the phone number looks like 0011+XXX+X+XXX-XXXX. Some countries have multiple exit codes. In Brazil, for example, each phone service provider has its own exit code. If you’re calling from a cell phone, look for a + button on your number pad. Pressing it automatically inputs the exit code. You don’t need to type it in yourself afterward.\n2. Type in 971 to reach the United Arab Emirates. Every country in the world has a unique country code. You will always reach a UAE number by dialing 971. In addition, the country code always comes after your exit code. Make sure you type the correct country code. If you get the code wrong, you may end up calling someone in a different country! After typing the country code, the number you have dialed may look something like 0011+971+X+XXX-XXXX.\n3. Include the area code for the city you wish to call in the UAE. Like in a lot of countries, the UAE is divided up into service regions. Major UAE cities like Dubai are covered by single-digit area codes. For smaller regions like Tarif, the area code is 2 digits long. Find an area code at https://countrycode.org/uae. For example, the area code for Dubai is 4. Dial 2 to reach Abu Dhabi instead. The area code always comes after the country code, so the number you have dialed will look like 0011+971+4+XXX-XXXX. If you see a phone number that begins with 0, leave off the 0 when dialing it. For example, you may see a Dubai number with a 04 area code. The 0 is for domestic calls, so dial it only when you're calling from within the UAE.\n4. Use an area code starting with 5 if you’re calling a mobile number. Mobile numbers have a separate area code no matter where you’re calling. The code you need depends on what service provider the other person has. The only way to figure out someone’s mobile phone number is by asking them or figuring out which service provider they use. Mobile codes are always 2 digits long. For example, numbers covered by Etisalat use 50 or 54. Numbers covered by Du often begin with 52 or 55. If you’re calling a mobile number, dial something like 0011+971+55+XXX-XXXX. Like with landlines, avoid dialing 0 if a phone number starts with it. You only need to dial it when you’re calling domestically.\n5. Type in the phone number to complete the call. Phone numbers in the UAE are 7 digits long, excluding the area code. To complete the call, you will need to ask for that phone number or find it online. The finished phone number will look something like 0011+971+4+XXX-XXX. This number places a call to Dubai from Australia.\n\n\n## Manage fee while call\n\n1. Contact your phone carrier to get a calling plan if you make lots of calls. Notify your phone service provider that you plan on calling the UAE. Ask them about the costs and what plans they have available. Many carriers have monthly plans catering to international callers. If you think you’ll need to make lots of calls, such as when contacting family in the UAE, a prepaid plan can save you a lot of money. Note any fees the phone carrier includes in their terms of service. Calling abroad is often costly, so explore your options before settling on a carrier.\n2. Get a prepaid calling plan if you make few calls. A lot of the major phone carriers offer pay as you go plans. You decide in advance how many minutes you wish to buy. When your minutes are up, you can no longer make calls until you buy more data. Prepaid plans are a great way to place international calls without paying for a monthly plan. Your phone calls are limited to what you pay for, so you do need to manage time wisely. However, using limited data prevents you from overspending on long calls.\n3. Buy calling cards for reduced rates if you make short calls. Order an international calling card online or buy one from a telephone service provider. Read the front of the card to find out how many minutes it contains and what rate it charges. Make sure the card is valid for calls to the United Arab Emirates. When you use the card, dial the number on it before dialing your country’s exit code. Depending on where you live, you may be able to find cards available at supermarkets, convenience stores, and other locations. If you visit the UAE, the country’s telecom companies sell prepaid cards that stay valid even while you’re abroad. Read the fine print on the cards carefully to find out what fees come along with placing calls.\n4. Purchase a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phone for frequent calls. Find a service provider that sells VoIP phone plans, such as Vonage. Phones equipped with VoIP technology place calls over the Internet instead of traditional phone lines. As a result, you can place international calls at a reduced rate. If you call the UAE several times a month, VoIP technology is a good investment. Some companies sell phone adapters that allow you to place VoIP calls on your regular phone. Use the adapter to place calls through your computer or landline. The disadvantage of VoIP phones is that you need a stable Internet connection. Using a high-speed connection increases the quality of your calls.\n5. Use a legal Internet app if you wish to make quality video calls. In the UAE, the government sets regulations on what apps its citizens can use for phone calls. Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) apps are common across the world, and the ones used in the UAE are called Botim and C’me. To use these apps, you need to either be connected to Wi-Fi or use your phone’s mobile network. The person you are calling also needs to have the app installed on their device. Botim and C’me charge a monthly fee to access the app, which can get costly for most residents. On the plus side, these apps offer both regular and video calls. As of 2018, apps like Skype and FaceTime are banned in the UAE. This may change in the near future, but for now, the UAE government wants to steer its citizens away from free services.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to register to vote in ohio?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Register online\n\n1. Gather documents that prove your identity and address. To register to vote in the state of Ohio, you need to provide various information that proves your identity to the Secretary of State’s office. To that end, gather or look up:\n\t* The last 4 digits of your Social Security number (SSN)\n\t* Your name and date of birth\n\t* Your home address\n\t* Your Ohio driver’s license or other state-issued identification\n2. Navigate to the Ohio Secretary of State’s website to begin. Voter registration in Ohio is handled by the Secretary of State’s office. If you have a computer, smartphone, or tablet, it’s quick and easy to register online. Begin at: https://olvr.sos.state.oh.us/. Click the link at the bottom of the page that says “Let’s Get Started.”\n\t* You can also register to vote for free at vote.org. The website will send you various notifications about upcoming elections if you register through them. Start the process at: https://www.vote.org/register-to-vote/ohio/.\n3. Complete the web forms with your personal info and address. As you click through the voter registration web pages, you’ll be asked to confirm your voter eligibility and to provide your name, date of birth, and the number on your Ohio driver’s license. Click “Continue” to move on once you’ve filled out a page. If you realize that you made a mistake on a previous page, you can always click the “Back” button. Avoid clicking on your browser’s back arrow.\n4. Confirm and submit your information to register to vote. The last web page will ask you to review all of the personal information that you’ve provided. Check through everything to make sure you gave accurate information and didn’t include any typos. Once you’ve finished, submit the form to the Secretary of State office. Within 3–4 days of submitting the online form, you’ll receive an email informing you that you are registered to vote in Ohio.\n\n\n## Register through the mail\n\n1. Obtain a voter registration form at any public building. In Ohio, it’s easy to obtain a copy of the registration paperwork. Visit any public library, any of the 88 county boards of elections, the office of the Secretary of State, or any public high school. Speak to someone at the main desk or secretarial office and ask for a copy of the voter registration form. If you don’t live near to any public buildings, you can download a PDF copy of the registration form online at: https://www.sos.state.oh.us/globalassets/elections/forms/vr\\_form\\_04-2015.pdf. You must print the form, though; it cannot be filled out online.\n2. Fill out the entire form in blue or black ink. Provide your name, address, and the last 4 digits of your Social Security number. Write in either your Ohio Driver’s License number or the last 4 digits of your SSN; you don’t need to provide both numbers. Also select your county with the online PDF’s drop-down menu. Sign and date the form once you’ve filled it out. Write as legibly as possible. If the official who receives the form cannot read your handwriting, they won’t be able to register you to vote.\n3. Enclose a copy of your ID if you don’t specify your SSN. If you don’t include either the last 4 digits of your SSN or the number of your Ohio driver’s license, your registration will be incomplete. You can remedy this by including a copy of your current valid photo ID or a copy of your military ID. If you don’t have either of these items, just include a copy of a recent utility bill, bank statement, paycheck, or government check with your name and address on it. Do not send in your actual ID or actual utility bill! The state will not return it.\n4. Mail the completed paperwork to your local county board of elections. If you prefer not to mail your voter registration paperwork, you can deliver the completed form by hand. Just bring it to your home county’s board of elections. Make sure to mail it early enough so the paperwork arrives at least 30 days prior to the next upcoming election to make sure you’re registered in time to vote. If you’re not sure where your local county board of elections is located, you can find out online. Just search for your home county at: https://www.sos.state.oh.us/elections/elections-officials/county-boards-of-elections-directory/.\n5. Deliver the completed paperwork by hand if you live nearby. If you live close to the county board of elections, or if you prefer not to deliver your voter registration by mail, you can drop off the paperwork in person. Give the form to an administrative assistant or other state employee who handles voter-registration issues. If you’re too busy (or feeling under the weather), ask someone else to drop the registration form off on your behalf.\n\n\n## Change your voter registration information\n\n1. Check your voter registration status online before making changes. Before changing your Ohio voter registration status, it’s a smart idea to check your current voter registration status. You may find that you’re registered at the wrong address or that some other error was made in your personal information. Find out if you’re registered to vote in Ohio at: https://voterlookup.sos.state.oh.us/voterlookup.aspx.\n2. Download and print the voter registration PDF. Visit the Ohio Secretary of State’s website and download a copy of the voter registration paperwork. This is the same form that you can use to register to vote. However, if you’re changing your registration, you’ll fill out a couple boxes that aren’t used in ordinary registration. Find the form at: https://www.sos.state.oh.us/globalassets/elections/forms/vr\\_form\\_04-2015.pdf. Or if you prefer, you can visit any government building—including your local county board of elections—and ask for a copy of the registration paperwork. Just make sure that it has a box you can check to indicate that you’re changing your registration and not registering for the first time.\n3. Indicate what’s changed for you and fill out the registration form. With a blue or black ink pen, check the box that says “Updating my address,” “Updating my name,” or both boxes, depending on your individual case. Fill out the entire form. If you’re changing your address, include your previous address where indicated. Or, if you’re changing your name, write out your prior name where indicated. Write as neatly as possible so that the person entering your information can read it.\n4. Mail or deliver the form to your local county board of elections. Once you’ve completed the paperwork, stick it in an envelope and mail it to your home county’s board of elections office. Or, if you prefer to deliver it in person, visit the board of elections and give your form to a voter-registration employee. Find your county’s board of elections online at: https://www.sos.state.oh.us/elections/elections-officials/county-boards-of-elections-directory/. Make sure that the paperwork is at the elections office at least 30 days before the next election so your registration is changed in time for you to vote.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make your own decorations for halloween?", + "input": "", + "output": "There are thousands of Halloween decorations you could go out to the store and buy, but often they look generic and plastic-y, don't they? Why not make your own? Using household items, you can make your own ghosts, bats, spiders, and pumpkins! Here's how.\n\n## Ghostly spirit jugs\n\n1. Clean several plastic milk jugs. You don't need to cut them out or in any way modify them -- they just need to be clean. Each one will be one ghost -- how many milk jugs do you need?\n2. Draw a face on the jugs. You can either use a black permanent marker, felt, or any material you have lying around the house. The permanent marker will be the easiest to make a detailed face with. While you do this, only work on the side without the handles and leave the caps on the jugs. The air forced to stay inside by the caps will make it easier to work with, keeping it sturdy. You don't have to go Martha Stewart on this project. Just a circle for a mouth and circles for eyes (leave a little white for the pupils) can be cute, too.\n3. Cut a small hole in the back of the jug. Use a craft knife to cut a hole the size of a half dollar or a bit bigger than a pound coin. Place the hole about 2/3 of the way up the jug. This won't be seen. If it's not perfect, don't worry about it. Just don't leave any sharp edges!\n4. Stuff the jug with Christmas or fairy lights. You can either use a whole string for one jug, or thread several jugs with a single string. Arrange the jugs together, plug in the cord, and voila! These little buggers work great lining a walk or a patio or table edge. They dim the lighting just enough to glow in a very Halloween-y feel!\n\n\n## Flapping bats\n\n1. Cut a body, two wings, and the head of a bat (with ears!) out of a piece of paper. You can find a template online or you can freehand it. Make the body a little on the chubby side so you have room to attach the wings without drawing away from its size.\n2. Trace your template onto black craft foam. Cut out the foam to match the template. This project looks best if you have about 6 or so bats. They need friends!\n3. Punch several holes into the bat to join the pieces together. Punch two holes on each wing, close to where the wings would attach to the body. Leave a little space around all sides so the holes don't turn into rips. Also punch a hole at the bottom of the body, to attach a string later (around where a tail would be). The holes just have to be big enough to put a metal brad through. This is how the wings will flap.\n4. Align the holes on the body and the wings together and fasten with a brad. Since there are two holes on each side, use the one that's closest to the wing tip. Place a paper fastener or a brad through the hole and secure loosely (it's best to use a black fastener or color your gold brad).\n5. Thread a string through the empty holes and tie in a loop. That's why you pierced two holes in each bat initially! You'll probably want at least 10 inches (25 cm) of string (or dental floss), so the string is easy to grab. This is how you'll manipulate the wings. When you hang your bat up, you can just give the string a tug and away he'll go!\n6. Attach a ribbon and red sequin eyes. Thread the ribbon through the bottom hole to hang the bat upside down from your wall or ledge. Tie it in a loop and knot. Then, make red eyes with sequins. Googly eyes work, too!\n\n\n## Flowerpot pumpkins\n\n1. Purchase a few terra cotta pots. Having a variety of sizes will give you a pumpkin family! Make sure they're clean if you had them laying around the house. You want them very orange to simulate pumpkins.\n2. Cut the parts of a face out of yellow craft paper. If you don't have craft paper, use scrapbook paper, card, or wrapping paper. Anything that's bendy and colorful will work. Make arched evil eyebrows, a handlebar mustache, surprised eyes, or any detail that you'd like your pumpkin pots to have. The simpler your face, the more it will look like a jack-o-lantern. Give it a toothy grin, a triangular nose, and triangular eyes to make it look more pumpkin-esque.\n3. Brush the surface of the pot with outdoor modge-podge. You only need a layer on the side you'll place the face for right now. Use a sponge brush or paint brush for best results. A thin, but even layer is ideal.\n4. Apply the pieces of the face to the upside down pot. Press them firmly into place. Then, apply a thin layer of the sticky stuff all over the pot, effectively weather-proofing it.\n5. Insert a stick into the end for a stem. When we say stick, we mean stick. Go outside under a tree and find a stick to fit through the bottom of your terra cotta pot. And there it is -- a pumpkin that won't rot in a week's time!\n\n\n## Giant spooky spiders\n\n1. Cut off the spout of an empty, clean milk jug. Just below the lid is what you don't want. Use a craft knife to make this easy -- scissors will be difficult to work with. Make sure your milk jug is clean! If there's still a milky residue it may end up smelling.\n2. Cover the jug with black tape. This will form the body of your spider. Go as tightly around the handle as you can; but don't worry -- if it's still discernible, that's fine.\n3. Get 4 6-foot (2 m) black foam pipe insulation tubes that are 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) in diameter. These will be the legs. Tape each one in the center along the handle of the jug. Then, tape the tubes along the sides of the jug too, to make it look as if the legs are going along the body. The tubes will bend into place.\n4. Cut a slit at a joint in the legs. If you cut a slit in the tube, it will bend at your cut. If you hold it in the bend, you can tape it to stay permanently bent. This will form the joints in your spiders legs. A 1\" (2.5 cm) triangle cut is good -- the tube won't unexpectedly break off. Just hold it at its bending point and wrap tape around the newly-formed joint.\n5. Use two halves of a plastic Easter egg for eyes. They'll bulge out and be adequately creepy -- especially if you cut a slit of black tape for pupils. If you don't have an egg lying around, puff balls (or anything circular, really) work as well. Just attach them to the jug with more tape or glue.\n\n\n## Adorable hanging ghosts\n\n1. Create your ghost form with two small paper cups. Turn the first one upside down, then place the second one on top of that. To make it stable, tape or glue the bottoms together. You won't actually be using the cups as part of the ghost -- it's just used for sizing in the initial stages. So if you don't want to fuss with tape, don't worry about it!\n2. Inflate a small balloon and put it in the top cup. But not too much! If it's too big it won't fit in the cup. Make it so it fills out the cup, like a round poof of whipped cream tops a mug of hot chocolate.\n3. Soak pieces of cheesecloth in fabric stiffener. You'll want to work with pieces that are about 8 inches (20 cm) square. Grab a bowl and fill it with fabric stiffener, soaking each piece thoroughly. About 10 seconds per piece will do the job nicely.\n4. Immediately drape over the balloon. After you've soaked a piece, drape it over the balloon and move onto the next piece. Center the pieces, evenly draped over the balloon, but not perfectly uniform. Once you've finished with all your pieces, let it dry for about ten minutes. It will then harden and take shape.\n5. Pop the balloon! This will require a needle or other pointy object since you can't go smashing your creation on the floor (well, you could, if you get really frustrated -- but that'd defeat the purpose). After you do so, you should be left with a free-floating white ghost-like creation. Isn't Halloween the best?\n6. Remove from the cup and rough up the edges. The ends should look tattered, as if they're wafting in some sort of unregisterable-to-humans breeze. Just bending them with your fingers should do the trick.\n7. Attach felt eyes and fishing line to hang. Little tiny black dots for eyes are all these little guys need to be cute and not at all ominous. Black sequins or beads can work, too. As for the fishing line, just thread it through the cheesecloth, loop, and tie in a knot! Hang your new buddies from lights, shelves, windows, or the ceiling.\n\n\n## Eyes in a bush\n\n1. Get an empty toilet paper roll, and a glowstick. You can easily find both at a dollar store.\n2. Cut out two football shaped eye holes. Place them about two to three inches (5 to 7.5cm) apart.\n3. Put the glowsticks in the center of the toilet paper roll. Do not cause them to glow until they need to be used as a decoration on the night of Halloween.\n4. Put the roll(s) in your bushes/trees. When you cause the glowsticks tot work, you will have scary eyes in a bush!\n\n\n## Paper bag ghosts\n\n1. Obtain rubber bands and a white paper bag.\n2. Draw a ghost face on the paper bag.\n3. Put the rubber band around the middle of the bag.\n4. Decorate. Add the face of a ghost and any other designs.\n5. Hang up from the ceiling, on branches, etc.\n\n\n## Scary halloween candy bowl\n\n1. Get a fake hand, a bowl, glue, and candy. The glue must be non-toxic as food is going to come into contact with it.\n2. Glue the fake hand onto the bottom of the bowl.\n3. Let the glue dry for about two to three hours.\n4. Fill the bowl with candy.\n5. Set the bowl out for the trick or treaters.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to prevent an electrical fire during the holidays?", + "input": "", + "output": "During the holidays, it is common for people to decorate the inside and outside of their home with lighting, and other types of electrical accessories. Although most decorations are manufactured to withstand the holiday season, improper and unsafe usage can increase your chances of experiencing an electrical fire. However, with the proper safety measures, you can prevent electrical fires from occurring, and keep both your home and your family safe. Use this article as your guide for learning how to prevent an electrical fire from occurring during the holiday season.\n\n## General electrical fire prevention\n\n1. Use holiday decorations that have been approved for safety by national laboratories. Decoration packaging will contain seals or labels that indicate the product is safe to use in your home. Using decorations that lack a safety approval may be hazardous, and can trigger an electrical fire.\n2. Inspect the physical condition of all electrical decorations before use. Electrical decorations should not display any loose or frayed wires, loose or cracked bulbs, or any other physical faults. If these features are present, avoid using the decorations to prevent an electrical fire.\n3. Refrain from plugging multiple electrical decorations into one specific outlet. Some outlets cannot support multiple connections, and may become overloaded and trigger an electrical fire as a result. Plug your decorations into multiple outlets, and read the instructions included with your decorations to determine the safest method for use.\n4. Replace bulbs in light strings with those of the same wattage, when applicable. If you replace a bulb with a higher wattage than is required, you can potentially cause the entire string of lights to overheat and start a fire.\n5. Turn off or unplug all electrical decorations when leaving the house or going to sleep. Leaving your decorations unsupervised means that nobody is around to notice any fire that might start. Lights and other electrical components become overheated due to being left on for an extended period of time.\n\n\n## Outdoor electrical fire prevention\n\n1. Only use lights and electrical decorations that are approved for outdoor use. Outdoor lights and decorations are often manufactured to withstand rain, snow, and other harsh elements. Using decorations that are approved for indoor-use only may trigger an electrical fire when coming into contact with certain elements. Thoroughly read and inspect all decoration packaging to verify that the decorations are safe to use outdoors.\n2. Use a ladder made from wood, fiberglass, or plastic instead of metal. Using a ladder made from materials other than metal will reduce your risk of becoming shocked, or starting an electrical fire.\n3. Keep all extension cords and strings of lights suspended up and away from standing water and snow. If extension cords and wiring come into contact with standing water, they can trigger an electrical fire or cause electrocution.\n4. Place decorations away from major power lines and high-voltage areas. This can prevent electrocution and an electrical fire from starting in the event you accidentally come into contact with a high-voltage power line.\n\n\n## Indoor electrical fire prevention\n\n1. Buy fresh, green trees instead of trees that are dry and losing pine needles. Fresh trees are less flammable and less likely to ignite; whereas dry trees can catch fire when they come into contact with very warm or hot lights. Purchase a fire-resistant or flame-retardant tree if you decide on an artificial tree instead of a live tree.\n2. Place your tree in a position at least 3 feet (0.91 m) (90cm) away from heat sources. Heat sources such as radiators, space heaters, fireplaces, and heat vents can often cause your tree and its electrical decorations to catch fire.\n3. Water your tree on a daily basis or as needed to keep it fresh. By maintaining the freshness of your tree throughout the holiday season, you are reducing the risk of an electrical fire that could be caused by decorations igniting a dry tree.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to join yarn in crocheting?", + "input": "", + "output": "If you are nearing the end of your ball of yarn or want to change colors, you will need to join the old yarn with a ball of new yarn. There are easy ways to do this! Try a simple knot to help keep the yarn anchored as you work the new yarn, and then weave in the ends later. If you prefer not to weave in any ends, criss-cross and double the yarn or create a no-weave knot to connect the ends.\n\n## Tie a knot and weave in the end\n\n1. Tie a loose knot around the old yarn with a 6 in (15 cm) tail. You can do this anywhere in the row, such as at the beginning, middle, or end. Make the knot tight enough to hold the yarn in place, but also loose enough so that you can easily untie it later. Move the old yarn strand to the side, but do not cut it yet.Tip: Use this method of joining yarn if you want something quick and easy, and you don’t mind weaving in the ends later on.\n2. Crochet with the new yarn leaving the knot in place. To ensure that the yarn is secured seamlessly into your work, begin working the next stitch in your pattern using the new strand of yarn. Do not untie the knot after you work the stitch. For example, if you are doing a single crochet stitch, insert the hook into the next stitch, and yarn over. However, instead of yarning over with your old yarn, yarn over with the new strand. Then, pull this yarn through the stitch, yarn over again, and pull through 2 to complete the stitch.\n3. Cut the old yarn and untie the knot after working a row. After you have crocheted 1 row past where you joined the yarn, untie the knot connecting the new strand to the old strand. Then, cut the old yarn to the same length as the new yarn, if needed. If the old yarn is already the same length as the new yarn, then don’t cut it.\n4. Weave in the ends with a yarn needle. Thread the end of the new yarn through a yarn needle. Then, insert the yarn needle into the stitch nearest its base. Sew all the way through the stitch, and bring the needle back through the next stitch on the other side of the item. Repeat this until you cannot sew any further, then cut the excess yarn about 0.25 in (0.64 cm) from the surface of the crocheted item. Repeat the same process to weave in the other strand of yarn.\n\n\n## Cross and double for a no-weave connection\n\n1. Cross the old and new yarn about 3 in (7.6 cm) from their ends. Match up the ends of the new and old yarn. Then, pinch the 2 pieces about 3 in (7.6 cm) from their ends. Twist the pieces around each other 1 time so that they are crossed. Make sure to crochet until you have 6 in (15 cm) left on your current ball of yarn. This will provide enough slack to join the yarn strands.Tip: Try this technique if you don’t want to weave in any ends and you don’t mind doubling up the yarn for a small section.\n2. Cross the strands and hold onto the end of the old strand. Grasp the end of the strand of old yarn and bring it towards the stitch that is currently on the hook. Hold it in place with your thumb. Then, grasp the end of the new yarn and pull it in the opposite direction so that it is doubled over and laying flat. This will allow you to crochet to the very end of the old yarn and pick up the new yarn without any loose ends to weave in later.\n3. Crochet with the doubled over yarn strands. Continue crocheting according to your pattern or stitch. Work the doubled over strands of yarn as you would work a single strand of yarn. Hold the end of the new yarn with your thumb until you have crocheted over this section. Be careful not to pull too hard on either strand of yarn as you crochet this section, or the strand might get disconnected and you will have to start over.\n\n\n## Create a no-weave knot\n\n1. Pinch the new and old yarn 0.25 in (0.64 cm) from the ends. Take the end of your old yarn and the end of your new yarn and line up the ends so that they are even. Then, pinch the ends between your non-dominant thumb and forefinger to hold them in place. Make sure that the ends of the yarn strands are poking out past your fingertips.Tip: Use this option if you want to keep the yarn in a single strand without having any ends to weave in later.\n2. Wrap the new yarn around your thumb 2 times. Use your other hand to grasp the new yarn extending from your forefinger and thumb and wrap it around your thumb and the pinched yarn ends. Make sure that the yarn goes in between your forefinger and thumb as well, but on the outside of the pinched yarn ends. Leave the old yarn alone as you do this. Just let it hang loose and don’t wrap it around anything!\n3. Bring the new yarn back between your thumb and the ends of yarn. After wrapping the yarn around your thumb for the second time, bring the strand back in the opposite direction. Pull it so it goes between your thumb and the 2 ends of yarn instead of around them. Make sure to keep pinching the ends of the yarn as you do this!\n4. Tuck the ends of the yarn down towards your thumb. Use the index finger on your dominant hand to tuck the ends of the 2 strands down over the new yarn. This is the strand that you just pulled between your thumb and the ends. Push the ends down so that they are completely folded over. If you find it hard to tuck the yarn down with your finger, use your crochet hook to tuck it down.\n5. Pull gently on the new yarn and allow the loops to slip off your thumb. Continue to pinch the yarn between your finger and thumb, and use your other hand to start tugging gently on the new yarn. Tug until the first loop tightens and slips off your thumb, and then keep pulling to tighten the other 2 loops into a knot around the end of the old yarn. The ends of the yarn should be joined in a tight knot after you pull off the last loop. You can continue crocheting as you normally would once the ends are joined!\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to speak english?", + "input": "", + "output": "English is a language which is spoken all around the world, and learning to speak it can help you meet new people and advance your career. Learning to speak English can be hard, but with practice and patience, you can become fluent in your new language.\n\n## Get the basics down\n\n1. Start simple. Very few people are true beginners when it comes to English. \"Hello,\" \"hi,\" \"How are you?\" and numerals have infiltrated most societies. Odds are you know more English than you think. Take what you know. For example, \"How are you?\" That uses the verb \"to be.\" What are other questions just like this? Take what you know and expand it! How is she?How is your father?How are your children?How is the weather? Start memorizing verbs. The top ten most common verbs in English are the following: \"be,\" \"have,\" \"do,\" \"say,\" \"get,\" \"make,\" \"go,\" \"know,\" \"take,\" and \"see.\" Just knowing these verbs can get you through a lot of basic conversations. English is subject-verb-object, in that order. Your subject pronouns are: \"I,\" \"you,\" \"he\"/\"she\"/\"it,\" \"we,\" \"you,\" \"they.\" Object pronouns in English are: \"me,\" \"you,\" \"him\"/\"her\"/\"it,\" \"us,\" \"you,\" \"them.\" With those verbs and knowing English is SVO, what sentences can you come up with? I know her.She makes it.He takes us.\n2. Practice conversations. Once you have basic subject and object pronouns down and a handful of verbs, you can start asking questions. Questions often open with \"who,\" \"what,\" \"when,\" \"where,\" \"why,\" and \"how.\" \"Who\" indicates a person; \"what\" indicates a thing; \"when\" indicates a time; \"where\" indicates a place; \"why\" indicates a reason; \"how\" indicates a manner. Say you know the subjects, some basic nouns, those ten verbs, and these question starters. What are some things you could ask an English speaker? What is your name?What do you do?When is your birthday?Where is she?Why do you have it?How do you know?\n\n\n## Get familiar with the grammar\n\n1. Start with the present tenses. Let's start with present simple and present continuous:\n\t* Present simple is used for facts and habits. If you are describing something that is true or something that happens often, opt for the present simple. I go to work every day.She eats breakfast at 7.China is a big country. Present continuous is used for things that are happening right now. There are two verbs: a helper and a main verb. The helper is \"am\"/\"is\"/\"are\" (depending on the subject) and the main verb is any verb with -ing:\n\t* You are reading.I am typing.He is watching TV.\n2. Move to the past and future tenses. Once you've mastered the present, get started on the past and future tenses. We're just going to go over the basic ones now:\n\t* Use the past simple for any event that happened in the past at a specific time. I saw that movie last year.She died on a plane.We went to the bank yesterday. For the future, let's keep it simple. Add a future time marker, and just use the present continuous! It can double as a future tense, too. They are making a cake tomorrow.You are leaving in May.I am going at 6 pm.\n3. Put your adjectives before nouns. Always, always, always put the adjective (the word that describes) before the noun. Always! In fact, there's even an order within adjectives:\n\t* There are eight basic types of adjectives: opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, and purpose. If you have more than one, they go in that order. So, it's a \"huge, round, metal bowl\" or a \"small, red sleeping bag.\"\n\n\n## Maintain progress\n\n1. Label everything. Take the objects in your house and label them with their English equivalent. The goal is to get your mind thinking in English. When it's right there, it'll be impossible to ignore. When you've labeled everything and find yourself thinking, \"Where is my blanket?\" try to think of the word (or sentence) in English. When you find your blanket, were you right? Don't write on the objects--grab a slip of paper and tape it on sturdily.\n2. Keep an eye on your pronunciation. It's very easy to get caught up in memorizing words when pronunciation can be just as important. Unfortunately, English has exceptions to most rules. But there are still some general guidelines you can abide by:\n\t* Always say the last sounds in the word. Certain Asian dialects find this rather difficult. If you know you're guilty of this, keep it in mind. \"Streets\" is not pronounced stree. The \"ts\" is very important in retaining meaning. Take the sentence \"I project the project will end soon.\" Confusing, huh? Isn't English SVO? Yes, and this sentence is too. The first \"project\" (verb) is pronounced pro-JECT; the second (noun) is pronounced PRO-ject. The same is true for all verb-noun pairs: nouns stress the first syllable, verbs the second. Though there are definite exceptions, most nouns in English have the first syllable stressed. Think of the nouns in your house: \"BED-room,\" \"BATH-room,\" \"KITCH-en,\" \"TA-ble,\" \"WIN-dow,\" \"SO-fa,\" \"WA-ter,\" \"JACK-et,\" \"TOI-let,\" etc.\n3. Pick a dialect. There are meaningful differences between American, British, and Australian English. Before you go about increasing your vocabulary, which one appeals to you? Sometimes it's very important to know who you're speaking to. If you tell an American, Canadian, or Australian you're not wearing pants, they might wonder if you're wearing shorts, a dress, a skirt, or just in your underwear. If you tell a British person you're not wearing pants, you're going commando! In addition to vocabulary differences, the pronunciation differences are huge. Know these variations exist before you get confused with multiple correct pronunciations. Certain dictionaries use British English and certain dictionaries prefer American. Choose the one that's best for you.\n\n\n## Use your resources\n\n1. Get a good dictionary. If you need to, get several. A dictionary to translate between your first language and English is best, in addition to a dictionary in English only. Get a pocket-sized version for when you're on the go and that pesky word you keep forgetting comes up.\n2. Speak in English with native speakers. Though it may be tempting to speak with your other friends who are learning too, you'll see the quickest results if you converse mainly with native speakers. Hire a tutor or private teacher. Make sure they're native and have the accent you want. Choose someone with teaching experience--just because you can speak a language does not mean you can teach it. If a teacher isn't up your alley, get a penpal!\n3. Use the internet. There are literally hundreds upon hundreds of sites you can use to your benefit. Anything to make grammar more exciting is welcome--there are games and videos galore. Such resources can be found at Simple English Wikipedia, the British Council, and English Club, among many others. YouTube doesn't have to be about funny animals and popular music. Tap into its educational resources as well.\n4. Watch TV, listen to songs, and read books. Though your goal is to speak English, you have to be able to understand it, too! Even when you're alone and not stuck in a grammar exercise you can keep your mind primed. Start with children's books and TV shows. The language is simpler and will go slower. Eventually, move to channels catered to your interests. If you enjoy cooking, graduate to the Food Network and see what you can pick up on. Try not to turn on the captions! If you have a DVR, record the shows. That way you can go back and work through the dialogue and conversations at your own pace. Listen to English music! Ballads go quite slowly and the refrains can be rather repetitive. Your vocabulary will naturally expand, too.\n5. Think in English. If you find yourself thinking something simple in you native tongue, what would its equivalent be in English? Make a habit of this for maintenance and memory. Think out loud if helps. Explain to your roommates or family what you're trying to do; maybe they'll want to catch on, too! Eventually, simple phrases will become par for the course.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make a model water tower?", + "input": "", + "output": "Water towers are large, elevated tanks of water that are essential for the distribution of clean water to many communities across the globe. Not only do they come in many different shapes and sizes, but it’s intriguing to learn about the way water towers work. Whether you need a model water tower for a train set or school project, or you simply want to learn about the way they work, you can easily build your own model with the right materials and know-how.\n\n## Create a function model water tower\n\n1. Locate a small plastic bottle and a large plastic bottle. The small water bottle can be a standard-sized Coke, juice, or water bottle, as long as it has a screw-on cap. The large bottle should be a 2-liter soda bottle, jug, or a large juice bottle. Test the size of your bottles by placing the small bottle upside-down, with its neck sticking into the opening on the large bottle. The small bottle should sit comfortably on top of the large one. If it does not, you will need to find different bottles. The bottles must be plastic, as you will need to cut them.\n2. Remove the cap from the small bottle and cut a hole in the middle of it. Use scissors to punch a hole into the center of the cap, then widen the hole until it’s slightly smaller than the circumference of the holes at both ends of the tubing. Water will leak out of the hole if it’s too big, but it will still need to be big enough to push the tubing into it. It’s better to have a hole that’s too small than a hole that’s too big, as you can always use your scissors to widen it if necessary.\n3. Punch a pin-sized hole in the bottom of the small water bottle. Use a pin, needle, earring, or any other device that will create an almost invisible hole. This will allow the bottle to vent when the water starts flowing.\n4. Cut a medium-sized hole in the side of the large bottle. Make the hole big enough that the cap and tubing can both fit through it. You can put the hole anywhere on the bottle that you choose, but roughly halfway down the bottle is a good option. Unlike the small bottle, you don’t have to worry about leaks if this hole isn’t the right size. This hole can be large or small just as long as the cap and tubing will fit through it comfortably.\n5. Feed 1 end of the tubing through the hole in the large bottle. Push the tubing through the large hole and out through the top of the large bottle. Lay the large bottle on its side with the hole you cut facing upward for easier access.\n6. Squeeze the same end of the tubing into the hole you cut in the cap. Feed roughly 1–2 inches (2.5–5.1 cm) of tubing in through the cap. Clamp the binder clip roughly 2 inches (5.1 cm) from the end of the other side of the tubing. Put the side of the tubing with the binder clip into a bowl that will catch the water. If your hole on the cap is the right size, you will have to forcefully push the tubing into the hole. It should fit snugly in the hole without slipping.\n7. Fill the small bottle with water. Once the bottle is full, place the cap with the tubing through it on top of the bottle. Feed the tubing into the water, then screw the cap on tightly. Hold your finger over the pin-sized hole on the bottom of the bottle to keep water from leaking out.\n8. Place the small bottle upside-down in the top opening on the large bottle. The neck of the small bottle should fit all the way into the opening on the large bottle. You now have a functioning model water tower! The water should flow into the tubing once you flip it upside down, but the binder clip will stop the flow. Experiment by releasing the clip at different heights to see where the water stops flowing.\n\n\n## Build a model water tower with popsicle stick\n\n1. Cut the rounded ends off of roughly 70 Popsicle sticks. Barely snip both ends of each Popsicle stick to make the ends straight on both sides. Make them all as close to the same size as possible. To cut the sticks evenly, line up the second stick with the first stick you cut. Use the first Popsicle stick as reference for where to cut the second stick. Do the same thing for the third, the fourth, and so on, until all 70 Popsicle sticks are the same size.\n2. Snip 2 of the cut Popsicle sticks in half. You don’t have to measure them, but cut them as close to the center as possible. You will now have 4 smaller pieces of Popsicle stick that are roughly half the length of the other Popsicle sticks.\n3. Apply glue to 1 end of 1 of the small stick sections. Connect the edge of a second small stick to the area where you just applied glue. Then, apply glue to the end of the second piece that is not connected. Glue the edge of a third small section to the open second section. Repeat this process for the fourth section, then apply glue to connect the edge of the fourth section to the open edge of the first section you glued. You will now have a square frame made out of the 4 smaller Popsicle pieces. Your frame doesn’t have to be perfectly square. In fact, if you’re going for a rustic look, an imperfect square may even be ideal. If you’re using super glue, you can apply glue to all 4 edges before connecting them all together. If you’re using hot glue, make sure to glue each edge separately. This will keep the glue from drying before you can connect all 4 sections together.\n4. Line up 2 larger Popsicle sticks to create 1 long, straight stick. Place the sticks on a flat surface with their ends touching. Take another Popsicle stick of the same size and apply glue to the entire surface on 1 side, lengthwise. Place the glued side directly in the middle of the 2 sticks that are lined up. The third stick does not have to be exactly in the middle of the other 2 sticks, but it should be close enough that it holds the other 2 sticks together evenly.\n5. Repeat this process 3 more times. Follow the same process as before by lining up 2 of the larger Popsicle sticks and gluing a third stick on top of them. Do this 3 more times until you have 4 identical long sections that are each made out of 3 glued Popsicle sticks.\n6. Connect the end of 1 of the long sticks to the inside corner of the square frame. Apply glue to the inside edge of the long stick and place it at a slight outward angle, with the third stick that is holding the other 2 sticks together facing inward. Glue the long stick so that it does not poke out above the frame once connected. Do the same thing with the other 3 long sections you created in the other 3 corners of the frame. This will form the legs of the water tower, so make the angle as identical as possible for each of the long sticks. Keep the angle of the legs around 10-15 degrees. If the angle is too steep, the water tower will be too short. If it is too steep, it will probably topple over.\n7. Use another Popsicle stick to connect 2 of the legs together. Apply glue to each inside edge of the stick. Place the edges of the Popsicle stick on top of the lines where the 2 Popsicle sticks used to create the legs meet. Do the same thing with 3 other sticks until you have a stick connecting the legs on all 4 sides. You will need to spread the legs apart so that the sticks do not hang outside the edge of the leg. Keep the connecting sticks as level as possible. You want it to appear as if there is a single, continuous stick wrapping around the legs of the tower, not 4 separate small sticks.\n8. Lay 9 Popsicle sticks side-by-side on a flat surface. Line them up along their long edges so the sticks make a square when lined up. Apply a line of glue on the edge of the square down the length of all 9 Popsicle sticks. Place another Popsicle stick along the same direction as the glue line so that it holds all 9 sticks together. Do the same thing with another line of glue and another Popsicle stick on the other end of the square. The Popsicle sticks used to hold the other 9 sticks together should be the same length as the square, so that they match up perfectly with both corners and do not hang over the edge. You may need to trim the sticks down or remove one of the 9 sticks to match up the lengths. Use your hand to hold the Popsicle stick square together as you glue it. Place your hand flat on top of all 9 sticks, and do your best to keep them all together with no gaps between them.\n9. Apply glue to the top edge of the square frame you made earlier. Place the square platform you just created on top of the frame, connecting it to the base structure you already made. Glue the platform so that the Popsicle sticks used to connect the other sticks together are facing downward. You can also glue each individual Popsicle stick directly onto the square frame you made earlier. It will take longer, but you may be able to line the sticks up better this way.\n10. Cut the rim off of a small paper Dixie cup. Cut around the top of the open side to remove the outer rim. Try to keep the line as straight as possible, since this will form the foundation for the water container part of your water tower.\n11. Glue the remaining Popsicle sticks to the outside of the Dixie cup. Place glue along one of the wide edges of a Popsicle stick. Line up the top edge of the stick with the bottom edge of the cup and glue it down. Repeat this process around the entire circumference of the cup until it is completely covered. When gluing the sticks onto the cup, fan them out from one another to create a more realistic look. When you place the second stick on the cup, keep the edge of the stick as close to the edge of the cup as possible, but fan out the end that is jutting over the edge of the cup by about 5 degrees so that a small sliver of the cup can be seen underneath. Roughly half of the length of each Popsicle stick will be glued to the Dixie cup, while the other half will be jutting out over the rim of the cup.\n12. Cover the gaps in the Popsicle sticks by gluing another layer on top. If you fanned out the sticks to create a more realistic look, go back over the cup with additional Popsicle sticks. Glue the sticks directly in the middle of two sticks on the bottom layer so that the second layer covers up any slivers of cup that may be showing. Keep the edges lined up with the bottom edge of the cup as best you can.\n13. Place the Dixie cup in the middle of the platform with the open side up. Apply glue around the entire circumference of the bottom of the cup. Then, stick it down as close to the middle of the platform as possible. Use a lot of glue to attach the Dixie cup so that it doesn’t fall off if it’s bumped. Optionally, you can wrap a string around the bottom and middle of the Dixie cup to give it a Western look. Wrap the string several times for better results.\n14. Use 2 wooden dowels to create a ladder. Place 2 wooden dowels roughly 1 inch (2.5 cm) apart on a flat surface. Line them up so they are parallel with the pointy side on top. Use small sections of Popsicle sticks roughly 1 inch (2.5 cm) long to create the steps. Apply glue to both ends of 1 side of the stick, then place it horizontally between the dowels so that it connects them together. Do this all the way up the 2 dowels, roughly 7 times, until about 1 inch (2.5 cm) of the pointy side of the dowels is left sticking out.\n15. Lean the ladder against the water tower at an angle and secure it with glue. Glue another small section of Popsicle stick horizontally across the very tips of the dowels, above and on the opposite side of the steps. Lean it up against the side of your water tower with the tips facing up. Place glue on the backside of the tips of the dowel and press down to attach it.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to become hot?", + "input": "", + "output": "Being hot is more than just a look—it's a frame of mind. Whether you're just walking down the street or stopping to have a quick conversation, if you hold yourself in confidence then everyone in your orbit will be thinking you're hot in no time. But what if you're not sure if you can be the sexy, intriguing, and hot person that you want to be?\n\n## Think hot\n\n1. Allow yourself to want to be hot. Maybe you want to look like a hot guy or girl, but you're afraid you’ll be judged or looked down on. For some, wanting to be hot has negative connotations of someone being too vain or shallow. Don’t let these stereotypes and misconceptions stop you from achieving hotness. Give yourself permission to become hot. Being hot should be something you want and not something you feel pressured to be. Today’s society puts a lot of importance in looking attractive in a certain way, but it’s not necessarily the only way to be attractive\n2. Exude self-confidence. In order to be hot, you have to believe you’re hot. Have confidence in your decisions, in the way you look, and in who you are or want to be. It will also help you bounce back from setbacks and accepting difficult challenges that come your way. Remind yourself of what you’ve already achieved and enjoy these successes. Don’t forget how much you’ve accomplished and the goals you’ve reached in the process of trying to reach a new one. Don’t put too much importance on how others perceive you. If looking hot makes you feel happy, then that’s more important than what others might think.\n3. Have realistic body image goals. You don’t have to look like a model. You should be the shape you're happy with. Half of that means changing your body through exercise and eating healthy, but the other half is accepting your body's own uniqueness. It's understandable to want to reach a healthy weight level, but it's not realistic to achieve a tiny waist if you're naturally top-heavy or try to make your butt bigger if it's naturally petite. Don't ignore your own assets in the process of trying to mimic someone else's. Avoid labelling a certain body type as the “perfect” body. There are many kinds of bodies that are beautiful in their own way.\n\n\n## Dress hot\n\n1. Figure out what body shape you have and dress to flatter it (for women). A great outfit should accentuate your best features and minimize unflattering parts of your body. Here are some ways to dress some common body types:\n\t* \n\t* Apple or circle shaped: Counter the roundness and softness of your body by adding structure to your outfit, especially on top. Wear a fitted blazer or wrap dresses that create asymmetrical lines across your body. Straight-legged pants help elongate your legs and draw attention to your body vertically. Large prints and patterns will flatter you better than small prints, especially if worn on top. Avoid covering yourself up with large or loose shirts – instead, wear more form fitted items or clothes drape down your body. Pear or triangle shaped: Balance out your great hips by creating layers on top. A cardigan or a jacket cropped at the waist helps even out your slender top half with your curves at the bottom. Show off those great shoulders by wearing one-shouldered shirts or shirts with embellished collars. Boot-cut or slightly flared pants paired with high heels will elongate your legs. Hourglass shaped: You’ve got the shape everyone is looking for! To better show off those sought-after curves, dress simple. Items in solid colours with cinched waists show off your small stomach. Avoid prints that take away the spotlight from your silhouette. Athletic or ruler shaped: Your slender body can sometimes look too boxy so avoid stripes or cropped shirts. Try fitted tank tops with smaller straps, or halter-tops that enhance the look of your bust. High-waist pants and skirts give the illusion of that hourglass shape. Stick with soft fabrics that flow off your body to counter the hard lines of your athletic build.\n2. Invest in clothes tailored for your body (for men). Learn what fit suits your body best or go to a tailor to have your clothes fitted for you. There’s nothing worse than wearing clothes that are too baggy or too tight in all the wrong places. Shoulders: The seam where the sleeve attaches to the body should rest on top of your shoulders. They should not hang down onto your arms. Arms: The fabric under your armpits should be tapered to your skin but still allow motion for your arms. Chest: Your chest should fill out the front of your shirt so that its shape can be seen through the fabric. You should also have a full range of motion in your arms. Try reaching up, back, and forward. If you can’t do those things, then your shirt is too tight. Buttons that looked pulled and cause wrinkles are another tell tale sign that your shirt is too tight. Sleeves: If you’re wearing long sleeves, the cuff of your shirt should stop just at the base of your thumb. Pants: If you’re opting for a slim-cut or skinny pant, make sure there is a straight cut from your knees to your ankles. The cuff of your pants should never create flaps or pool at your feet. They should stop just at the ankles or little past your shoes. Belts: They should really only be a way to accessorize and should not actually be holding up your pants. If a belt is the only thing keeping your pants on, then they’re probably too big. Shoes: Many stylists claim shoes are the foundation of men’s looks. An outfit is dependent on the colour and type of shoe you're wearing. So dress from the shoes up.\n3. Polish your look by matching simple colours with bold statement pieces. Solid coloured clothing items make statement pieces pop. Choose statement pieces like large earrings, patterned shoes, a colourful bag, or a fancy hat. Black is always hot and matches with almost anything. An all black outfit gives you a clean look but also gives you a little edge and mystery. Use the power of contrast to your advantage. Darker coloured clothing can help you achieve a more slender look or mask unappealing features. While patterns or light coloured items can highlight areas of your body you’d like to show off.\n4. Follow fashion trends. Fashion is always changing so keep up with the latest trends to stay hot. Although, not every trend is worth following or is flattering on everyone so pick what will look good on you and what fits with your style. Avoid age-inappropriate fashion trends. Being hot doesn't mean looking younger or more mature.\n5. Show off a little skin or wear a form-hugging outfit. A bit of sexiness can go a long way when you want to look hot. However, make sure it’s an appropriate amount of skin. You’ll know when you’re being too revealing when:\n\t* It gets in the way of forming meaningful relationships. We live in a sex-fuelled society, so it’s not surprising when people can’t help but look at bare skin. It can make people perceive you differently or draw focus away from what you have to offer and more towards what you look like to them. If this type of attention is not what you want, then it’s not the right moment to show off too much skin. It prevents you from furthering your career or getting hired. In most work environments, showing off too much skin is discouraged. You receive negative or dangerous attention. It’s difficult for many people, especially women, to show off skin without attracting negative attention. And since you can’t control other people’s reactions and actions, your safety and comfort should always come first.\n\n\n## Look hot\n\n1. Radiate confident body language. It's not always enough to just dress the part, but you have to appear hot. And a few tricks to improve your body language can help:\n\t* Stand tall and with purpose. Stick your chest out and keep your hands from fidgeting. The power position is often described with the image of Superman with his hands at his hips, chin high, and legs apart. Move steadily with your actions. Talking too fast or doing things in a hurry shows that you're nervous or anxious. Have a variety of expressions on your face and body. Confident people are able to express themselves naturally but won't overdo it. This makes you more approachable and open.\n2. Get in shape. Whether you want to achieve a certain body weight goal, or just become more physically healthy, getting in shape is a great step towards becoming hot. Invest in a gym membership or a personal trainer. With a trainer’s guided advice and encouragement, you can start to work on areas of your body and achieve weight goals in a safe and effective way. Eat healthy. Cut down on junk foods and start eating a better balanced diet. Exercising and eating well will make you feel more comfortable in your own skin and improve your overall mental health as well.\n3. Have good posture. Improving your posture not only makes you look more confident, but also has many health benefits. Fixing your posture can reduce head and back pain, inflexibility, and prevent compromised muscles. Assess your posture so you can work on your body’s problem areas. Generally, your shoulders should be balanced and one shouldn’t appear higher than the other. They should also be aligned with your ear so your neck and head aren’t jutting forward. Your back should not be rounded and your arms should relax at your sides. Do posture-improving exercises everyday. They can be simple exercises like straightening your back while sitting, walking more, or stretching out those kinks. Or they can be more complicated exercises that stretch and form your back to the correct posture. Be conscious of how you hold yourself. It’s easy to start slumping forward when you’re working at your desk or sitting down and relaxing. Make an effort to sit in the correct position with your back straight, arms back, and head and neck aligned with your shoulders.\n4. Choose a trendy haircut that compliments your look and face shape. Try dyeing your hair, cutting it extremely short or getting extensions to mix it up every once in a while and give off a dynamic appearance. Take care of your hair. The simplest thing you can do is wash your hair and condition it. Invest in hair products or natural remedies to fight problems such as frizzy, dry, or greasy hair. Get a haircut every month or two to avoid split ends and the unkempt look.\n5. Develop a skin care routine. Your skin is the foundation of your look. Keep it clean and clear of blemishes and other problem factors by treating and protecting it. Try out different products to make sure they’re right for your skin. Wear sunscreen. It’s the easiest thing to forget but a little sunscreen every day can prevent wrinkles and skin discoloration. Moisturize your skin. Use lotion, cream, or body butter for your hands, arms, legs, and face. Lip balm helps with chapped or cracking lips. For oily skin, use oil-free products to cleanse your face. For acne prone skin, avoid touching your face or popping your pimples. Instead, wash your face with an acne cleanser or warm water and hypoallergenic soap and keep your skin well moisturized. Acne develops when oils, either from your fingers or overactive hormones and glands, mix together with dirt to clog up your pores.\n\n\n## Act hot\n\n1. Show your cool side. Ironically, being hot means being cool. It’s a likeable quality to have that attracts people to you because of your laid back demeanour. A few cool things to do:\n\t* Don’t try so hard. Or at least look like you’re not trying so hard. It gives the impression that you’re so smooth, you can get want you want without even trying. If you fidget a lot, bite your lip, stumble in your speech or am just generally nervous, try feeling cool. It’s hard to monitor or stop the nervous little ticks our body does when we're nervous so the best way to go about it is from the inside out. Feel cool and your body language will follow. Be a little rebellious. Sometimes a little rule breaking or risk-taking is very cool and makes you appear powerful. But don't do anything illegal!\n2. Play up your sex appeal. There are many ways to be sexy and look sexy. Try:\n\t* Wearing red. There have been numerous studies that the colour red is the sexiest colour. Something in our human brains are highly attracted to the colour. Smiling. Looking happy and approachable is very sexy. So flash does pearly whites! Making strong eye contact. This is a highly confident move that draws people in. Pair it up with a smile or flirtatious look to amp up the sexiness. Flirting. It’s a sexy and fun way to communicate with someone you’re interested in. Subtly draw attention to your body or tease your target with flirtatious looks or bold compliments.\n3. Be humble. The worst thing you can do is brag about how hot you are. Modesty and being gracious to others are attractive qualities. The most confident people are those who are able to build others up. Give compliments. If you want to attract someone’s attention, pay them a genuine compliment. Don’t brag and look down on others. The attention that comes with being hot can easily develop into a large ego. Your friends, family and other people will be turned off by someone who constantly needs to prove they’re hot or thinks too highly of themselves.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to determine gear ratio?", + "input": "", + "output": "In mechanical engineering, a gear ratio is a direct measure of the ratio of the rotational speeds of two or more interlocking gears. As a general rule, when dealing with two gears, if the drive gear (the one directly receiving rotational force from the engine, motor, etc.) is bigger than the driven gear, the latter will turn more quickly, and vice versa. We can express this basic concept with the formula Gear ratio = T2/T1, where T1 is the number of teeth on the first gear and T2 is the number of teeth on the second.\n\n## Find the gear ratio of a gear train\n\n1. Start with a two-gear train. To be able to determine a gear ratio, you must have at least two gears engaged with each other — this is called a \"gear train.\" Usually, the first gear is a \"drive gear\" attached to the motor shaft and the second is a \"driven gear\" attached to the load shaft. There may also be any number of gears between these two to transmit power from the drive gear to the driven gear: these are called \"idler gears.\" For now, let's look at a gear train with only two gears in it. To be able to find a gear ratio, these gears have to be interacting with each other — in other words, their teeth need to be meshed and one should be turning the other. For example purposes, let's say that you have one small drive gear (gear 1) turning a larger driven gear (gear 2).\n2. Count the number of teeth on the drive gear. One simple way to find the gear ratio between two interlocking gears is to compare the number of teeth (the little peg-like protrusions at the edge of the wheel) that they both have. Start by determining how many teeth are on the drive gear. You can do this by counting manually or, sometimes, by checking for this information labeled on the gear itself. For example purposes, let's say that the smaller drive gear in our system has 20 teeth.\n3. Count the number of teeth on the driven gear. Next, determine how many teeth are on the driven gear exactly as you did before for the drive gear. Let's say that, in our example, the driven gear has 30 teeth.\n4. Divide one teeth count by the other. Now that you know how many teeth are on each gear, you can find the gear ratio relatively simply. Divide the driven gear teeth by the drive gear teeth. Depending on your assignment, you may write your answer as a decimal, a fraction, or in ratio form (i.e., x : y). In our example, dividing the 30 teeth of the driven gear by the 20 teeth of the drive gear gets us 30/20 = 1.5. We can also write this as 3/2 or 1.5 : 1, etc. What this gear ratio means is that the smaller driver gear must turn one and a half times to get the larger driven gear to make one complete turn. This makes sense — since the driven gear is bigger, it will turn more slowly.\n5. Start with a gear train of more than two gears. As its name suggests, a \"gear train\" can also be made from a long sequence of gears — not just a single driver gear and a single driven gear. In these cases, the first gear remains the driver gear, the last gear remains the driven gear, and the ones in the middle become \"idler gears.\" These are often used to change the direction of rotation or to connect two gears when direct gearing would make them unwieldy or not readily available. Let's say for example purposes that the two-gear train described above is now driven by a small seven-toothed gear. In this case, the 30-toothed gear remains the driven gear and the 20-toothed gear (which was the driver before) is now an idler gear.\n6. Divide the teeth numbers of the drive and driven gears. The important thing to remember when dealing with gear trains with more than two gears is that only the driver and driven gears (usually the first and last ones) matter. In other words, the idler gears don't affect the gear ratio of the overall train at all. When you've identified your driver gear and your driven gear, you can find the gear ratio exactly as before. In our example, we would find the gear ratio by dividing the thirty teeth of the driven gear by the seven teeth of our new driver. 30/7 = about 4.3 (or 4.3 : 1, etc.) This means that the driver gear has to turn about 4.3 times to get the much larger driven gear to turn once.\n7. If desired, find the gear ratios for the intermediate gears. You can find the gear ratios involving the idler gears as well, and you may want to in certain situations. In these cases, start from the drive gear and work toward the load gear. Treat the preceding gear as if it were the drive gear as far as the next gear is concerned. Divide the number of teeth on each \"driven\" gear by the number of teeth on the \"drive\" gear for each interlocking set of gears to calculate the intermediate gear ratios. In our example, the intermediate gear ratios are 20/7 = 2.9 and 30/20 = 1.5. Note that neither of these are equal to the gear ratio for the entire train, 4.3. However, note also that (20/7) × (30/20) = 4.3. In general, the intermediate gear ratios of a gear train will multiply together to equal the overall gear ratio.\n\n\n## Make ratio\\/speed calculations\n\n1. Find the rotational speed of your drive gear. Using the idea of gear ratios, it's easy to figure out how quickly a driven gear is rotating based on the \"input\" speed of the drive gear. To start, find the rotational speed of your drive gear. In most gear calculations, this is given in rotations per minute (rpm), though other units of velocity will also work. For example, let's say that in the example gear train above with a seven-toothed driver gear and a 30-toothed driven gear, the drive gear is rotating at 130 rpms. With this information, we'll find the speed of the driven gear in the next few steps.\n2. Plug your information into the formula S1 × T1 = S2 × T2. In this formula, S1 refers to the rotational speed of the drive gear, T1 refers to the teeth in the drive gear, and S2 and T2 to the speed and teeth of the driven gear. Fill in the variables until you have only one left undefined. Often, in these sorts of problems, you'll be solving for S2, though it's perfectly possible to solve for any of the variables. In our example, plugging in the information we have, we get this:\n\t* 130 rpms × 7 = S2 × 30\n3. Solve. Finding your remaining variable is a matter of basic algebra. Just simplify the rest of the equation and isolate the variable on one side of the equals sign and you will have your answer. Don't forget to label it with the correct units — you can lose points for this in schoolwork. In our example, we can solve like this:\n\t* 130 rpms × 7 = S2 × 30\n\t* 910 = S2 × 30\n\t* 910/30 = S2\n\t* \n\t* 30.33 rpms = S2\n\t* In other words, if the drive gear spins at 130 rpms, the driven gear will spin at 30.33 rpms. This makes sense — since the driven gear is much bigger, it will spin much slower.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to have a romantic relationship with an egotistic person?", + "input": "", + "output": "An egotistic person can be someone who is prone to talking about themselves frequently, or someone who appears vain or boastful. It can also be used to indicate someone who is opinionated, self-centered, or selfish, as well. As you can imagine, being in a relationship with an egotistic person can have its challenges. If you feel you are dating an egotistic individual, work towards dealing with the egotism in the relationship. It is also important to communicate your needs to your partner, and make sure you are taking care of yourself\n\n## Deal with the egotism in the relationship\n\n1. Have a direct conversation about it. This is important and has a direct effect on your happiness, their happiness, and the success of the relationship. Don't waste time and energy trying indirect ways to “make her change.” It will just come across as manipulative and potentially cause resentment from your partner. Instead have a real, honest, and direct conversation about it. Start by letting her know you need to talk. ”Alice, I think we really need to talk. There's been something that has really be bothering me.”\n\t* Explain what the issue is for you; specific to your relationship. For example, if your partner is selfish or egotistical in conversations and making it about her, you could say, “I feel like when we talk, it isn't really equal. I love hearing about your day, but I'd really like for you to hear about my day too. When we talk, it feels really unevenly focused.”\n\t* Ask for her input: “What do you think?”\n2. Urge the person to grow and mature. One of the great things you get to do in a relationship is to build each other up and watch each other grow. Help your partner grow by growing with him. Instead of focusing just on the person, try shift the focus to the relationship or the both of you working on the same thing. You can try tasks like taking a relationship selfishness checklist test to increase your partner and your awareness of any selfishness in your relationship. Humans are social creatures and tend to unconsciously adopt the goals of those close to us. Just like couples who learn a sport, how to cook, or a new language together, you can learn how to be less selfish and opinionated together. Make sure to celebrate and praise each other for positive changes you are making. The better you both feel about it, the more likely you are to continue to work towards the goal.\n3. Be patient. This may be the most difficult part. If you are with an egotistic person, you may realize that changing these parts of yourself can take time. Much like breaking a bad habit, you may have to be patient with your partner as she works on changing. Additionally, expect some backsliding into previous bad behaviors during this transition time and try not to be too hard on her. One way you can address this is to have a funny thing you do or say if you notice your partner slipping back into her selfish habits. Agree to an action or a phrase during your conversation. If you make it something you both find funny, it can take the pressure off of pointing it out. The \"Cut it out\" hand motion Uncle Joey used in Full House. Playing a funny song such as Toby Keith's \"I wanna talk about me.\" Saying, \"Hold on, I haven't had enough coffee for this conversation yet.\" Pick something that is funny to you and your partner, like an inside joke that only you share.\n4. Boost the person's self-esteem. This may seem like a strange suggestion for an egotist, but often inflated egos and selfishness are rooted in low self-esteem or shame. Think of it as overcompensation. Your partner may have low self esteem causing him to exaggerate and inflate his outward display of what he thinks about himself. It turns out that he may be trying to convince himself of his greatness along with everyone else. Help him boost his self-esteem. Avoid complaining about him or harshly criticizing him as it will only make him feel more threatened. When you are talking to him focus on his strengths and try to draw on the potential of those strengths. Compliment him not just for his looks, but for how he acts and what he does.\n5. Accept that the person may never change. The most difficult part about any interpersonal relationship is when you realize that you have almost zero power to change someone else. People can change, but that change has to come mainly from them. They have to want it. So if you are intent on a relationship with an egotistic person, your first step is to be real with yourself about the likelihood of the other person changing and begin to accept the selfish parts of her personality that you may not agree with. While you cannot change other people, you can help them to change. You can also control how you react to their egotism and the effect you let it have on your life.\n\n\n## Communicate your need\n\n1. Make time to talk about you. Your egotist may tend to talk about themselves frequently and at great lengths. If you feel like your partner does not give you enough space to talk about you, address it. You deserve to have this relationship and this partner be as much of a sounding board as he expects you to be for him. Try addressing it directly, or making it more of a new pattern in your conversations. \"John, I really need to talk to you about something that is bothering me. I know you have things you want to say as well, but I really need someone to listen. Would you be willing to focus on just this problem and help me?”\n\t* Bring up topics more regularly that you are interested it. You may have gotten into the habit of just listening to your partner and letting him control the conversations. Start a new pattern of conversation by interjecting with topics you are interested in or thoughts you are having.\n2. Share your feelings. There is a solid chance that your egotistic partner is going to do or say something that makes you angry or sad at some point, because what you are doing is difficult and can be frustrating. Communication is key in any relationship, especially when you are working through some things. If you are really bothered by a particular action of your partner or by something she said, tell her. Try to add a compliment or a praise in and then tell her what upsets you, carefully and tactfully. \"Jane, I love it when you teach me how to cook. You are really good at it, and I want to learn. It just really hurts me when you tell it to me like I'm a nine year old kid.\" ”I understand you have a very strong opinion about this. Maybe you know more about it than I do, too. I would just really like for you to respect my opinion even if it is different than yours and not laugh at me for sharing it with you.”\n\n\n## Care for yourself\n\n1. Be true to yourself. Be careful not to change who you are in your relationship with an egotist. A selfish person will bring out the giver or the care-taker in you; which could be potentially harmful. Don't feel like you have to change yourself to accommodate him. Resist the urge to stifle who you are or even what you are good at out of fear of how your partner will react. Just as you may have to accept that your partner is selfish, he have to accept that you are going to be just who you are as well. That should just be one more thing he loves about you.\n2. Enjoy other interests. If you find you are the giver in the relationship and you feel that your partner is always taking, then invest some of your energy into other interests to protect yourself from the relationship imbalance. Make sure you are giving yourself and your interests the attention and care you deserve. Take classes or carve out time in your schedule to do things that you enjoy, focusing on self-care and your own needs. You can always put your giving energy into volunteering as well. Try organizations such as Volunteer Match.\n3. Acknowledge your feelings. Even if your partner is trying to change, there are potential pitfalls that come from being in a relationship with an egotist. You may be helping her change, being patient while she works through some things, and trying to boost her self-esteem. Make sure, during this time, you are staying aware of how you feel. There may be some ups and down, and it is important you remain aware of how it is affecting you. Keep track of how happy you are in the relationship and how your day-to-day life is being affected. Notice how drained or exhausted you are feeling and make sure to give yourself the time and attention needed to recover. Try not to let this relationship become all-consuming for your life. Spend time with friends, or work on a hobby or interest that is important to you. Set firm boundaries if she tries to push your buttons or engage you in a fight. You can say something like, \"I'm not going to respond when you're yelling at me like this. I'm going to go in the other room and we can talk again in an hour when we've calmed down.\"\n4. Find a support system. While you are navigating this change together, it is important that you both have support systems you can use as a resource. Use your existing support system or create one for yourself. Focus on people that help you and make you feel good about yourself. They should be people that you trust and feel comfortable with. They may include:\n\t* Friends\n\t* Family\n\t* Religious Community\n\t* Counselors or therapists\n5. Consider leaving the relationship if it is not making you happy. It is not always a healthy idea to stay with an egotist. He may not be able or willing to change in the way you need him to. If he is not willing to work on the relationship then this may continue to make you feel emotionally drained and unappreciated. It may be better for you to leave the relationship and move onto something that's healthier for you.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make surf wax?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Make warm water wax\n\n1. Heat water in a double broiler. Pour in about 1 ½ cups (354.8 ml) of water in the bottom of a double broiler. Heat on medium heat until the water is hot and steaming. You do not need to boil the water, you just need it to be hot enough to melt the beeswax through steaming. If you don't have a double broiler, you can also simply heat water in a pot on the stove, then put an equal sized pot on top of it to create the effect of a double broiler.\n2. Place the beeswax and coconut oil in the top of the double broiler. Once the water has heated and is steaming, place 1 cup (240 ml) of beeswax and ¼ cup (60 ml) of coconut oil in the top pan of the double broiler. Place the top of the double broiler on top of the bottom pan.\n3. Melt the ingredients, stirring constantly. Once you place the beeswax and coconut oil over the bottom of the broiler, they should begin to melt. As they melt, stir the ingredients constantly so that they don't get stuck to the sides of the pan.\n4. Add in essential oils. If you want your wax to be fragrant, add a few of drops of essential oils when the wax and coconut oil have melted and mixed together. Popular oils to use are lavender, peppermint, lemon or rosemary. If you prefer the subtle scent of the coconut oil, don't add any essential oil.\n\n\n## Make cold water wax\n\n1. Find a healthy conifer. Cold-water wax differs from warm-water wax because it requires the addition of tree resin. To extract tree resin, first find a conifer tree that generally looks healthy, with relatively smooth, tight bark and without many dead branches or limbs. Conifer trees are trees that grow conifers, the cone-like growths that grow on tree branches. Examples of conifers are pine, spruce, maple and cedar trees. If you don't want to extract tree resin yourself, you can find it on Ebay or other online sites.\n2. Create a flat, cleared area on the face of the tree. Once you have found a suitable tree, use a machete or a hatchet to cut downward on the bark about 3 feet from the ground. Make a rectangle that is about 10 inches long and 6 inches wide. Try to cut cleanly so that you cut out a flat area about 1 inch deep into the tree.\n3. Place a bucket under the tree. Place a bucket against the tree directly underneath where you made the rectangular indent. Use a flat piece of metal or another smooth material to make a ramp that leads from the cleared rectangle into the bucket. The ramp will catch the resin as it comes out of the tree and lead it into the bucket. Therefore, it's important that the ramp is flush against the tree and leads directly into the bucket.\n4. Cut V-shaped notches into the cleared rectangle. After you set up the bucket, use the hatchet or machete to hack into the cleared rectangle you made, forming V-shaped notches that are about half an inch from each other. It may be easier to do one side of the “V” at a time, hacking downward slashes on the left half of the rectangle and then hacking upward slashes on the other side of the rectangle.\n5. Check the bucket every day. Collecting tree resin isn't instantaneous. You may have to wait several days for enough resin to collect. Keep the bucket under the tree and check on it daily. When it looks like you have about ¼ cup of resin, remove the bucket from the tree and transfer the resin to a small bowl. It should take two to three days to collect ¼ cup (60 ml) of resin.\n6. Use a double broiler to melt ingredients and form the wax. Use the same steps used to make cold-water wax, adding in the additional ingredient of ¼ cup (60 ml) of tree resin along with the beeswax and coconut oil in the top of the double broiler. The resulting wax will have a slightly stickier consistency than warm-water wax.\n\n\n## Put the wax in containers\n\n1. Pour the wax into a tin or container. Once the ingredients of the warm or cold water wax have fully mixed together, pour the wax into a container or tin large enough to fit it. Scrape the sides of the pan to be sure to get out all the wax. Use a tin or container that has a top so that the wax won't dry out.\n2. Let the surf wax harden. Before you close the container of surf wax, leave the wax out to harden for three to four hours or overnight. Leaving the container open lets the heat escape so that the wax can harden faster, and so its consistency stays the same.\n3. Use the wax or close and store the container. After the wax has hardened, it is ready for use. When you are done using the wax, place the lid on the container and store it in a cool place out of direct sunlight.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to apply for a marriage license in kentucky?", + "input": "", + "output": "Getting a marriage license if Kentucky is a relatively simple process. The couple needs to visit a county clerk’s office, complete an application, and pay an application fee. There are some additional requirements if either party is under 18 years old.\n\n## Get a marriage license in kentucky if both party be over 18\n\n1. Visit the county clerk’s office to apply for a marriage license. You can apply to any county clerk’s office, unless the bride-to-be is under 18 years old. In that case, you must apply at the clerk’s office in the county where she resides. Both parties must be present to obtain a license. Some counties have more than one office. For example, Jefferson County has seven different branch locations you could use. Check your county’s website for specific locations.\n2. Present your identification. You will need to present a Social Security card or some other government-issued form of identification in order to complete the application for a marriage license. Until July 15, 2016, the county clerk is required to report the Social Security numbers of all marriage license applicants to the Cabinet for Health and Family Services to verify that there are no outstanding child support issues. After July 15, 2016, the Social Security number will be requested as a form of identification, but the number will not be recorded or shared with any other agency. At least one county clerk’s website says that a Social Security card is not required, but some other identification is acceptable (driver’s license, passport). You may wish to check with the specific clerk you intend to use.\n3. Complete the marriage license application. The application will ask you to provide certain information, along with signing a statement that all the information is true, to the best of your knowledge. The information that you must provide, for each person, is:\n\t* name\n\t* date of birth\n\t* place of birth\n\t* race\n\t* gender\n\t* current marital “situation” (single, divorced, widowed)\n\t* number of previous marriages\n\t* occupation\n\t* current residence (you must provide your residence, but you are not required to be a Kentucky resident)\n\t* relationship to each other (in Kentucky, nobody who is related any closer than second cousin may get married)\n\t* full names of parents\n\t* date of marriage\n4. Pay the fee for the marriage license. In any county in Kentucky, the fee for obtaining a marriage license is $35. The clerk’s office is able to accept cash, certified checks, cashier's checks or money orders. In some cases, credit cards are acceptable as well. You should check the county’s website or call the clerk’s office to verify.\n5. Complete the marriage ceremony within 30 days of receiving your license. If the 30-day time frame lapses, both applicants must repeat the whole process, which includes re-paying the $35 fee.\n\n\n## Get a marriage license in kentucky if either party be under 18\n\n1. Apply in the county where the bride lives. This is a requirement if the bride-to-be is under 18 years old. Otherwise, you can apply in any county in Kentucky, if the bride-to-be is 18 years old or older. There is no similar requirement based on the age of the male.\n2. Get your parents’ consent. If either of the people getting married is under 18, but over 16, then that person's parent must consent to the marriage, in writing. If both the bride and groom are under 18, then the parents of each must consent. Your parents will need to complete a Consent to Marriage Form, which is available from the clerk’s office. This applies to people who are under 18, but over 16, years old. This includes people who have had their 16th or 17th birthday. If your parents are divorced or separated and there has been an order issuing them joint custody, then they both must sign the application. If your parents are divorced or separated but there has not been an order of joint custody, then the parent who has legal custody must be the one to give consent. If a court has ordered a legal guardian for the person under 18, then that guardian must give consent.\n3. Get an order from a judge under special circumstances. If the female getting married is pregnant, and is under 16 years of age, then you must apply for an order from a District Judge to get a marriage license. This is the only circumstance that allows someone under 16 years old to get married. There is an additional $5 fee for a District Judge consent order.\n4. Be prepared for the consequences if you don’t have consent. If someone under 18 gets married in Kentucky without the proper consent, the court will issue a “receiver.” This is someone, appointed by the court, who will take legal possession and control of your property until you turn 18. During that time, the receiver will pay your bills and expenses, and is entitled to take a fee for his services out of your property as well.\n5. Complete the marriage license application. After you have the appropriate consent, you will both need to visit the county clerk and complete the marriage license application. You will need proper identification, in the form of a social security card, passport or driver's license, and a $35 fee. To complete the application, you will need to provide:\n\t* name\n\t* date of birth\n\t* place of birth\n\t* race\n\t* gender\n\t* current marital “situation” (single, divorced, widowed)\n\t* number of previous marriages\n\t* occupation\n\t* current residence (you must provide your residence, but you are not required to be a Kentucky resident)\n\t* relationship to each other (in Kentucky, nobody who is related any closer than second cousin may get married)\n\t* full names of parents\n\t* date of marriage\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to draw homer simpson?", + "input": "", + "output": "Homer Simpson is a widely recognizable cartoon character, in part because of the popularity of The Simpsons cartoon series, and also because of his comical representation of American working class stereotypes. The following answer will show you how to draw him, step-by-step.\n\n## Homer's head\n\n1. Draw one circle. This will be the eye.\n2. Draw a small circle, about half the size of the other one.\n3. Draw a horizontally straight line from the end of the nose to the eye.\n4. Draw another circle, the same size as the eye. It must be exactly in line with it, horizontally. It must 'wrap' around the nose.\n5. Erase the parts that overlap the nose and the first eye, as the first eye should be more in the foreground.\n6. Draw a curved line that stretches from the bottom point of the nose, to about in line with the far side of the first eye.\n7. Draw another curved line from the same point as the previous one, but pointing down, in a south-east direction. Its length must be about the height of one of the eyes.\n8. Draw another curved line from the finishing point of the last one, pointing slightly down. Its length will be the same as the vertical height of the nose.\n9. Draw a small curved line, slightly smaller than the last one, that goes from the finishing point of the last one, pointing south-west.\n10. From the ending point of the line in Step 9, draw yet another curved line that points south-east, that is slightly longer than the vertical height of one of the eyes.\n11. Draw a curved line from the point of the last one, to the point of the one in Step 12.\n12. Add any expression of your choice to the mouth.\n13. Draw a circle that is about the size of the curved part of Homer's skull (see picture above). Chop off half to make it a semi-circle, but at an angle.\n14. Move the semicircle to a suitable point.\n15. Make a small lump above the second eye (see picture).\n16. Draw a straight line from the top of the lump, to the bottom of the semicircle.\n17. Draw a curved line from the other point of the skull semicircle that stretches all the way down past the mouth.\n18. Create a circle about half the size of the eye, and cut a small part off. This will be the ear.\n19. Draw the line that appears on homers ear(see picture).\n20. Add the two curved hairs at the top, and the other ones just above the ear.\n21. Add pupils to the eyes at any desired point.\n22. Fill the face and Homer's beard with appropriate colours.\n\n\n## Homer's face and body\n\n1. Draw 2 circles as eyes. Place two dots for the pupils in both circles.\n2. Draw the nose shaped as a sausage under the eyes.\n3. Draw a bow that is pointing to the left for the first part for the mouth.\n4. Draw another bow that is pointed to the right and is connected to the other bow.\n5. Draw Homer's head above his eyes.\n6. Draw his hair making 4 half circles.\n7. Draw Homer's neck and ear, for the ear you can simply draw a half of a small circle.\n8. Draw the collar right under his neck.\n9. Draw under the collar Homer's tummy.\n10. Draw the 2 sleeves from his shirt.\n11. Draw under his sleeve his arm with the hand.\n12. Draw the start of his pants and legs.\n13. Draw his leg and shoe under his visible arm.\n14. Draw his other leg and shoe next to the other one.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to cope with being unloved by your parents?", + "input": "", + "output": "Parents are supposed to love, guide and protect their children. They are supposed to help them grow and develop as independent people. Unfortunately, some parents mistreat, abuse, neglect, or abandon their children instead. Feeling like your parents don't love you hurts emotionally and sometimes physically. The best way to get past it is to accept that you cannot change other people and focus on yourself.\n\n## Develop cop mechanisms\n\n1. Talk to a trustworthy friend or family member. Sometimes just talking to someone about what you are dealing with can make you feel better. Try talking to a trustworthy friend or family member about what has been happening in your home life. For example, you could try talking with a close friend about the way that your parents make you feel. Choose someone you feel comfortable talking to and who you know will not turn around and repeat what you said to your parents. Try to avoid becoming too dependent on this person for your emotional needs. Just talk when you need someone to listen to you. If you find yourself calling several times a day for reassurance, then you may be developing a codependent relationship with this person. Talk to your school counselor or therapist if you find yourself depending more and more on other people for validation.\n2. Find a mentor. Mentors can guide you through important life decisions and teach you things that your parents are not willing or able to teach you. You can find a mentor to help you learn new skills for navigating difficult situations, succeeding in school, or advancing your professional career. Try asking a trustworthy, responsible adult in your life to mentor you, such as a coach, a teacher, or a boss. If your coach or boss offers to mentor you, make sure that you take him or her up on that offer; however, you can also try asking someone to mentor you, such as by saying, “I admire your success in life and I hope to achieve many of the same things you have someday. I am not sure how to get there. Would you be willing to mentor me?”\n\t* Try to avoid becoming too dependent on your mentor. Keep in mind that a mentor cannot replace your parents you should not look to this person for parental guidance. A mentor is just someone who can help you reach your goals in school, work, or in another specific area of your life.\n3. Seek help from a therapist or school counselor. Learning to cope with your parents’ behavior can be difficult, so you may need to seek help from a therapist or school counselor. A therapist or your school counselor can help you to develop coping mechanisms and begin to feel better about yourself. If your school has a counselor, stop by and see if you can make an appointment to talk. If you feel uncomfortable doing this or you're not sure how to go about it, talk to a teacher you trust. You may also try asking your counselor if you can see a therapist by saying something like, “I have been struggling with some things lately, and I would like to see a therapist to talk about them. Can you help me find one?”\n\t* Keep in mind that if your parents are abusing you, then your therapist or school counselor will be required to report it.\n4. Resist comparing how they treat you and your siblings. If your parents seem to favor a sibling over you, it doesn’t mean they love one of you any more or less. There could be a situational reason why they treat your sibling with more thoughtfulness or effort. Most of the time it is also unintentional, and your parents may not even realize they are treating you differently. Most aren’t trying to make you feel unloved but aren’t aware of how their actions affect kids mentally and emotionally. Try not to focus on how your parents treat your siblings. Instead, just focus on your relationship with them\n5. Try not to take it personally. It can be hard to dismiss criticism and hurtful language from people who are supposed to love you, even if you know that what they are saying isn’t true. Remember that your parents’ behavior and words is about them and not about you. The next time one of your parents says something mean or does something to hurt you, try telling yourself, “I am a good person who is lovable, beautiful and worthy. My parents are just struggling with personal issues and that is why they said/did that.”\n6. Be kind to yourself. Some children who are mistreated by their parents treat themselves badly as well, such as by cutting, using alcohol or drugs, or intentionally failing at school. Performing these unhealthy, harmful activities will not make you feel better in the long run. Instead of doing these things, make sure that you nurture yourself, such as by:\n\t* \n\t* Maintaining a healthy diet. Exercising moderately most days of the week. Starting a daily meditation practice. Not smoking and not using drugs or alcohol.\n7. Replace negative self-talk with self-love. People who grow up in unloving households may be more prone to negative self-talk and have low self-esteem. To train your mind to think positive things about yourself, replace the negative thoughts with positive ones. For example, if you hear yourself repeating something your parents said like “You’re stupid if you can’t figure out division problems,” you might replace it with: “Learning long division is challenging, but I can succeed by working hard at it. I can also ask my math teacher for help.\"\n8. Write yourself a positivity cheat sheet. It may help you to examine any negative thoughts that are interfering with your ability to love yourself and write some positive thoughts to replace them. To get started, make a chart with four columns. In the first column, make a list of your negative beliefs. These might include things like, “I am not good at making decisions,” or, “I am not very smart.”\n\t* In the second, explain why you believe these things. Did your parents tell you these things or do things to cause you to feel this way? In the third column, think about what believing this is costing you emotionally and in your personal life: are you depressed, withdrawn, afraid to try new things and fail, afraid to trust others or let people in, etc.? List briefly but specifically what you are missing out on by letting yourself continue believing this negative self-image. Then for the final column, rewrite the thought to make it positive. For example, you might change a thought about your intelligence to something like, “I am an intelligent, capable person and I have accomplished many things using my brain.”\n9. Get out of the house more. Developing a happy, full life outside of your home will help you to feel happier even if your home life is not happy. Finding valuable ways that you can contribute to the world while being an active part of your community can help you rebuild your self-worth and confidence by focusing your attention on your well-being and happiness. Try volunteering for a local non-profit organization, getting a job that you will enjoy, or joining a youth organization or sports team.\n\n\n## Stay healthy and safe\n\n1. Report any physical or sexual abuse. If you are being abused, then seek help right away. Talk to a teacher, your doctor, a counselor, or call the police or children’s services and ask for help. Chronic abuse gets harder to recover from the longer it goes on. Don’t allow abusive people, even family, to cause you permanent physical or emotional damage. Get away from them as soon as possible. Call the National Domestic Violence Hotline at (800) 799-SAFE to talk about your situation and options. Don't hesitate to dial 911 if you think you or another family member is in immediate danger. You aren’t going to get in trouble for reporting that someone else is breaking the law!\n2. Sever your relationship, if possible. If you are able to break ties with your abusive parent, do so. It is hard to give up on anyone you care about, especially family, but your primary responsibility is to take care of yourself. Don’t feel guilty for severing contact with your parent(s) if you feel it’s the best thing for you. If you are not sure cutting off all contact is necessary, consider the amount of pain they cause you vs. the amount of happiness. Dysfunctional parents may show love sometimes, typically when it serves their own interests, but a little love now and then isn’t enough to justify staying in a bad relationship with anyone.\n3. Resist the urge to isolate yourself from peers and other adults. You might think avoiding relationships altogether will prevent you from getting hurt any more or by anyone else, but human beings need social relationships to thrive. Children who grow up without a loving parent or an alternative parental figure are less successful, less happy, and physically sicker as adults. Keep talking to your friends and other family members regularly, go spend time with them whenever possible, and be open to meeting new friends and trustworthy adults. Not every adult or loved one will end up treating you like your parent does. Don’t be afraid to give others a chance to love you. Long-term loneliness can have serious health effects, worsening or even maybe causing diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and neurological disorders. It may even cause cancer to spread faster.\n4. Learn how to be independent. If your dysfunctional parents aren’t teaching you how to make it on your own after high school, ask another adult you trust how to prepare for the \"real world.\" Learn this like how to create a budget, how to do laundry, how to turn on the water heater in your first apartment. Estimate the costs of independent living and what you will need to get started. Get a job and save up money for a security deposit on your first apartment and some furniture. Maintain good grades despite trouble at home so you have the option of going to college. Ask your school counselor to help you find scholarships to pay for it.\n\n\n## Recognize toxic parent\n\n1. Consider how your parents respond to your accomplishments. One sign of a toxic parent-child relationship is if your parents do not acknowledge your accomplishments in appropriate ways. This could mean that your parents either refuse to acknowledge when you accomplish something, or that your parents dismiss your accomplishments. Some parents may even ridicule your accomplishments. For example, if you get a good grade on a test, your parents should congratulate you for this accomplishment. If your parents are toxic, then they might ignore what you said, change the subject, make fun of you for being a nerd, or say something like, “So what? It’s just a test.”\n2. Think about any controlling behaviors that your parents use. It is normal for parents to want to guide you, but parents who try to control your behavior may be toxic. This may range from small decisions like what to wear to school to larger decisions like where to go to college or what to major in. If you think that your parents exert a high amount of control over your decisions, then they may be toxic. For example, a parent who encourages you to make your own decisions might ask you questions about where you want to go to college and why; however, a parent who is exerting control over your decisions might tell you where you are going to attend college.\n3. Note a lack of emotional connection. Parents who have healthy relationships with their children show their emotional bond by making eye contact with their children, smiling at them, and offering affection in the form of hugs. If your parents have toxic behaviors, then they might not do any of these things. For example, a parent who shows appropriate emotional connection with his child might comfort her if she is crying; however, a parent who lacks an emotional connection with his child might ignore the child or yell at her to stop crying.\n4. Consider the boundaries between you and your parents. Healthy boundaries are important in parent-child relationships. If you have good boundaries with your parent, then you should not feel like your lives are one and the same. For example, a parent who has healthy boundaries with her child might ask how her child's friends are doing, but would not insist on hanging out with her child and his friends.\n5. Reflect on any verbal abuse you have suffered. Verbal abuse is another form of toxic parenting. If your mother or father call you names, put you down, or just say things to hurt your feelings, then these are all forms of verbal abuse. For example, your parents should say things to build you up and make you feel good about yourself; however, you would feel bad if your parent said something like, “You’re worthless!” or, “I can’t stand to be in the same room with you!”\n\t* Some parents will be kind and reassuring one day and then mean and critical the next day. But keep in mind that this is still verbal abuse, even if your parents are not always cruel to you.\n6. Identify narcissistic behaviors. Parents who are too focused on themselves to notice their children or to treat them properly can also be toxic. If your parents ignore you completely or only acknowledge you when you are doing something that they can brag about to friends, then this is an example of narcissistic parenting and it is toxic. For example, your parents should encourage you in your interests. A narcissistic parent, however, might only pay attention to you if your interests give him something to brag about, such as by telling all of his friends that you won a scholarship, even though he never asks about your studies or encourages you. Some narcissistic parents may have a personality disorder (PD). A person with PD displays self-centeredness, refusal to accept personal responsibility, constant self-justification, a strong sense of entitlement, and shallow emotions. A parent with PD might treat children like a burden or roadblock to her own personal goals. She will typically rely on emotional manipulation to control her kids. People with PD are often hypercritical of their children and can be physically abusive or prone to endangering their child’s welfare.\n7. Think about any parenting roles you played. Some parents are too immature or have other problems (such as addiction) that make it hard for them to be effective parents, so a child ends up taking on some parenting duties. Consider whether you had to take on any parenting roles because your parent was not able or willing to care for you and/or your siblings. These may include things like cooking, cleaning, and caring for other children. Sometimes parents assign cooking and cleaning chores to teach children responsibility, but toxic parents may heap many responsibilities on one child to avoid having to do these things themselves. For example, a toxic parent who does not want to cook or clean may shirk these responsibilities and force one of his children to do all of the cooking and cleaning instead.\n8. Judge their behavior over what they say. Some children feel unloved even though their parents say that they love them regularly, because they don’t see this love reflected in how they are treated. Make sure you aren’t assuming you know how your parents feel about you without good reason. For example, a parent who regularly says “I love you,” but who often ignores her children is not behaving in a way that shows love. Likewise, a parent who says that she wants her children to be independent, but never allows them to make any decisions is not behaving in a way that demonstrates what she says she wants.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to create a computer file?", + "input": "", + "output": "## On windows\n\n1. Open File Explorer . Click the File Explorer app icon, which resembles a yellow-and-blue folder, in the taskbar at the bottom of the screen. You can also press ⊞ Win+E to open the File Explorer.\n2. Go to the folder in which you want to create the file. On the left side of the File Explorer window, click the folder in which you want to make your computer file.\n3. Click the Home tab. It's in the top-left side of the File Explorer window. A toolbar will drop down from the top of the File Explorer window. You can also just right-click a blank space in the window to prompt a drop-down menu.\n4. Click New item. This is in the \"New\" section of the toolbar. A drop-down menu will appear. If you're using the right-click menu, select New in the drop-down menu to prompt a pop-out menu.\n5. Select a file type. In the drop-down menu, click the type of file you want to create. Doing so will prompt the file to appear in your selected folder with its name highlighted. If the file type you want to create isn't listed in the menu, see the final method for details on creating a file from within a program.\n6. Enter a name for the file. While the file's name is highlighted, type in whatever you want to name the file.\n7. Press ↵ Enter. Doing so saves your file's name and creates the file in your selected location. You can double-click the file to open it.\n\n\n## On mac\n\n1. Understand the types of files you can create. Unlike Windows computers, Macs don't allow you to create new files without opening the program with which you want to create a file (this means that if you want to create a Microsoft Word document, for example, you must open Microsoft Word). However, you can still create folders. If you want to create a file or document, see the final method.\n2. Open Finder. Click the Finder app icon, which resembles a blue face, in the Dock.\n3. Go to the folder in which you want to create the folder. In the Finder window, go to the folder where you want to create a new folder. For example, to create a new folder in the \"Downloads\" folder, you would click Downloads on the left side of the Finder window.\n4. Click File. It's on the left side of the menu bar that's at the top of your Mac's screen. A drop-down menu will appear.\n5. Click New Folder. This option is in the drop-down menu. Doing so adds a new folder to the current location.\n6. Enter a name. While the folder's name is highlighted (as it will be immediately after you create it), type in the name that you want to use for the folder.\n7. Press ⏎ Return. Doing so will save your folder name and create the folder in your current folder location.\n\n\n## Use program menus\n\n1. Open the program you want to use. Click or double-click the app icon for the program that you want to use to create a file, or do one of the following to search for the program:\n\t* \n\t* Windows — Click Start , type in the name of the program you want to open, and click the program at the top of the search results. Mac — Click Spotlight , type in the name of the program you want to open, and double-click the program at the top of the search results.\n2. Click File. It's typically in the upper-left side of the program window (Windows) or the screen (Mac). A drop-down menu will appear. Some programs, such as Paint 3D on Windows computers, will have a New or New Project on the opening page of the program. If so, skip this step.\n3. Click the New option. This option is usually found in the File drop-down menu, but you may find it on the launch page for the program as well. Some programs, such as Adobe CC, may require you to enter details about the project or select a template before proceeding.\n4. Create your file as needed. If you want to do anything to your file (e.g., add text) before saving it, do so before proceeding.\n5. Open the \"Save As\" menu. The easiest way to do this on any computer is by pressing either Ctrl+S (Windows) or ⌘ Command+S (Mac). You can also click File and then click Save As. If pressing Ctrl+S or ⌘ Command+S doesn't do anything, it's probably because you already created your file during the New process. This is common for Adobe CC programs.\n6. Enter a name for your file. In the \"File name\" (Windows) or \"Name\" (Mac) text box in the Save As window, type in the name you want to use to identify your file.\n7. Select a save location. Click one of the folders on the left side of the window to select it as the location in which you'll save your file. For example, to save a file on the desktop, you would click the Desktop folder. On a Mac, you may instead need to click the \"Where\" drop-down box and then click the folder in which you want to save the file in the resulting drop-down menu.\n8. Click Save. It's in the bottom-right corner of the window. Doing so creates and saves your file in your selected location under your specified name.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to help make cellulite less visible?", + "input": "", + "output": "Have cellulite? Don't worry: Almost all women have it. However, few if any women want it. There are ways you can reduce the orange peel-like dimpling that occurs on the skin, usually on the legs, thighs and butt. It’s a myth that cellulite is always tied to obesity. Some thin people still have cellulite. However, your chances of cellulite grow with obesity, so exercise and choosing a healthier diet matters.\n\n## Make cellulite less obvious\n\n1. Get a tan. Whether it’s a spray tan or a natural one, tanned butts and legs don’t show cellulite as much. If you already have a dark complexion, you’re lucky because darker skin doesn’t show cellulite as much as pale skin does. Always take caution when tanning, though. The sun’s rays can lead to skin cancer, so it's usually a better choice to get an authentic looking fake tan. There are many ways to do this: airbrush or booth spray tanning at a salon and home products such as foam, lotion, or spray. When applying tanning lotion, start by exfoliating the skin with a body scrub, as well as shaving any areas where you don't want hair. Then, using gloves, apply the lotion all over your body, starting with the head area, and taking care not to get it into your eyes. Apply petroleum jelly to your eyebrows to prevent them from becoming discolored. When spray tanning, it’s very important that you wear recommended protective gear (over eyes, nose, and other body openings) so you don’t ingest the tanning particles during the process. If using a booth, you will be instructed to turn inside the booth as a nozzle sprays you with the solution.\n2. Start toning your legs. While genetics might make you more susceptible to cellulite, toned legs with strong muscle definition tend to show cellulite less. Run up a staircase, go for a long walk or jog, and use a stair master or elliptical trainer. All of these exercises and equipment target the leg and butt areas where cellulite resides. Contrary to popular myth, cellulite is not caused by toxins in the body. It’s caused by a lack of exercise and muscle tone, excess fat, poor circulation, genetics and hormones. Leg lifts and squats are among the exercises that can help you tone your legs.\n3. Strength train. Although running and other cardio can reduce your weight, which can make cellulite less obvious, strength training will be best at getting rid of the dimpled look. Yoga routines help tone the body and reduce the appearance of cellulite, as do strength-training routines that build muscle. Studies have shown that people who combine cardio with strength training (weight lifting, some circuit training routines) added muscle in addition to losing fat, and improved the overall look of their bodies. As little as 15 minutes of cardio (such as running) and 15 minutes of strength training (such as weight lifting) three times a week can make a difference over time (at least eight weeks).\n4. Try anti-cellulite clothing. It doesn’t work for everyone, but some clothing manufacturers make clothing marketed to reduce the look of cellulite. These pieces of clothing, such as capri leggings, are designed to generate heat that in turn helps break down cellulite cells. Elastic underwear has the opposite effect; it can make cellulite look worse. Wear non-elastic undergarments made of smooth fabric. Loose fitting clothing helps reduce cellulite because tighter clothing impairs blood flow throughout the day.\n\n\n## Improve the diet to reduce cellulite\n\n1. Drink a lot of green tea. Green tea has many health benefits. Some people drink it as part of weight reduction efforts, but it can also reduce the sight of cellulite. Green tea is a good choice for people who find it boring to drink plain water all day long. You can drink it cold or hot. Green tea doesn’t add many calories to your daily intake, but it’s very rich in antioxidants. The tea will increase your metabolism. Cellulite can occur with age because it’s associated with lower production of estrogen in the body. Drinking a lot of green tea can help reduce this effect. A faster metabolism means that your body should be able to expel toxins faster, which will reduce the look of cellulite.\n2. Drink a lot of water. There are many, many proven benefits to guzzling water. You should drink water all day long. Stay hydrated. Hydrated bodies won’t have cellulite that looks so obvious. Other health benefits include shinier hair and younger looking skin. If you find drinking plain water too boring, add a lemon slice into it. It’s a good idea to drink two liters of water every day and to drink water constantly throughout the day. Drinking a lot of water can also help with weight loss, which can further reduce cellulite. That’s because when people feel hungry, sometimes it just means they are dehydrated.\n3. Avoid sugary beverages. Drinking beverages loaded with sugar will probably make cellulite worse (not to mention it can increase your weight). That means you should avoid carbonated sodas but also be aware of drinks that have hidden sugars, such as fruit juices. Study labels. Some beverage companies are experts at packaging and marketing and they might make you think that energy or fruit drink is healthy – until you read the label and see that it’s loaded with sugar and carbs. It’s always better to choose water than sugary beverages. Even diet sodas aren’t great for the body because they have carbonation and chemicals.\n4. Try natural remedies. There are many natural remedies that some people swear help with cellulite. Give one of them a try and see if they work for you. Refrigerate the residue from your coffee grinds (black coffee). Mix them with olive oil to create a scrub that you apply to the cellulite-impacted area. Use circular motions to apply the rub for about 15 minutes. Then, leave the grinds on your body for about 15-20 minutes more before washing them away. Cover and warm the region with shrink wrap. Instead of coffee grounds, you could use salt and grapefruit juice to create a similar rub that some people say helps with cellulite.\n5. Eat healthier foods. Reducing the amount of toxins in your diet is good for many reasons. You will likely lose weight, be healthier, and your cellulite will reduce. Consume alkaline forming foods. Alkaline is found in fresh fruit and vegetables, which should make up the majority of your diet if you want to eat healthier. Sprinkle flaxseed on your breakfast to boost collagen growth. Sprinkle two tablespoons of it on oatmeal or yogurt. Fresh vegetable juicing is one way you can flood your body with healthy juice. Avoid eating processed foods as much as possible, especially foods that come in boxes and that are loaded with carbohydrates or sugar. Drink lemon juice and cayenne pepper three times a day.\n6. Eat kelp. Kelp can help you lose weight as well as improve the appearance of cellulite. It contains a chemical found in green plants that helps the body burn fat. Purchase dried kelp and add it to stir fries, soup or salad. You can also ingest kelp vitamins. Consider kelp \"sea vegetables.\" The kelp retains the minerals that are found in the ocean, making it very healthy for you. Kelp, sometimes called seaweed, also balances out the thyroid gland, improving your health. It's often found in Asian cooking.\n7. Stay away from too much salt or sugar. Salt and sugar can lead to serious health problems, as well as obesity, which makes cellulite more obvious. Avoid eating too much refined salt. Crystal and sea salt are healthier. Refined salt dehydrates the body and leaches minerals out of it. Sodium also causes the body to retain fluids, making cellulite look worse. Sodium can harm your health. Try to limit your sugar consumption to 6 teaspoons a day and your salt consumption to 200 mg of sodium.\n\n\n## Use chemical and other tool to reduce cellulite\n\n1. Try lasers. Some beauty salons and plastic surgeons offer treatments for cellulite that use lasers and other mechanical devices. There are downsides to these methods. They are often expensive, they need to be repeated regularly, they have to be done by a trained professional and can be painful. One example: Cellulaze is a procedure approved by the FDA for cellulite. A small laser is inserted under the skin to break down the cellulite’s structure. Research carefully any such interventions and check into the licensing and ratings of the salon performing the functions, as well as the credentials and training of the person administering it. Laser toning and cold-laser massage are also techniques that are said to reduce the appearance of cellulite. The tri-active laser was approved by the FDA and claims to temporarily reduce cellulite’s appearance. Fillers are sometimes used to treat cellulite dimples.\n2. Try a lotion. Many products advertise that they can help improve cellulite. Not all are that successful, but you could give them a try. You might find temporary help from ingredients that dilate blood and lymph vessels. Black pepper, green tea, ginger, cinnamon, cayenne pepper, and ginkgo fall into this category, and some anti-cellulite creams contain them. Ointments containing forskolin (which comes from the herb coleus forskohlii) were found in one study to help women lose excess skin from their thighs. Skin firming cream can help build up collagen and diminish wrinkles. Some cellulite creams contain retinol, coenzyme Q10, and vitamin C. Major brands like Lancome, L’Oreal, and Nivea offer gels and lotions that are said to firm up the skin.\n3. Massage the affected area. Not only do massages feel great, but they are also known to reduce the look of unsightly cellulite dimples. Use a body brush with boar or just stiff bristles in a circular motion while you take a shower. Or use a hand-held massagers. Apply the massage head to the areas with cellulite. Add a skin firming serum, body lotion or anti-cellulite gel before you apply the massaging motions. Cellulite is caused by fat deposits that push through the skin’s connective tissue, usually in the buttocks and thighs. Massaging the skin stimulates the lymphatic system that lies right underneath the skin’s surface. This circulates toxins and causes the body to release them more quickly. Add a few drops of olive and juniper oil to the skin before massaging it.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to check if your spirit is working?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Step\n\n1. Get a job so you get paid to do something where money is NOT the primary motivation. It may be easy to perform but there is not much challenge, and you will probably eventually find other work to do.\n2. Be engaged or not. Your spirit may or may not be engaged by a job.\n3. Find a career as something you get paid to do that is for status or identity as a basic motivation. It may provide more challenge, but after a while, if you get burned out, you may stop doing it.\n4. See whether your work fully engages you and engages your spirit or not. If it does not that is a job. If it does that is potentially your life's work!\n5. Discover your life's work which is something that you may want to do whether you get paid for it or not (Your soul's need for expression and engagement is the motivation.). There is plenty of challenge and personal meaning if it fully engages you. You will always want to do it--if it is your life's work. It definitely fully engages your spirit.\n6. See whether your \"job\" can get lead toward your life's work.\n7. Explore your interests in different jobs and this provides the very important element of exposure to different kinds of industries and kinds of skills and crafts, etc.\n8. Consider this pathway to finding your life's work: Start out working in a \"job\" in a department store as a clerk. Move into a management \"position\" to learn management and supervision skills. Quit and use the skills you learned to finally:\n\t* \n\t* Create the spiritually engaged work: call it your Your Life's Work as an independent contractor training others in customer service skills--if it fully engages you.\n\n\n## Find whether you spirit be engage at work\n\n1. Print out these lists to use as a \"checklist\".\n2. Place a check next to the statements that sound like you in your present work environment.\n3. Count your check marks after your finish the check off. How much spirit is involved.\n4. Using your life force Sharing innate gifts and talents Doing work that is meaningful and fulfilling You are propelled by a higher purpose in your life Serving human beings as a higher calling for Allowing your inner light to shine forth Standing up for something you believe in Benefiting the world by what you do Doing you activity in a unique way Using your creativity, passion, and purpose\n5. Integrating your being and doing (balancing \"feminine\" and \"masculine\" energies) No longer feeling lost and unsure of how to make it happen Feeling fully engaged, frequent moments of flow and inspiration Stepping into your Greatness Increasing your awareness and sensitivity Using deeper thoughts, higher level thinking Questioning the status quo\n6. Matching your intentions and actions Feeling energized even after a “hard day at work” Experiencing inner feelings of peace and contentment Feeling like you have found the right path Making efforts that are non-traditional (not in lockstep with what someone told you to do) Shattering the box or the glass-ceiling (requires you to venture into unknown territory for you)\n7. Allowing your soul to lead you through the process of discovery... (There are no instructions, no right or wrong way to find the desires of your soul!) Having opportunity to really express who you actually are\n\t* Desiring to be surrounded by or create beauty\n\t* Living in freedom--to do it your own way\n\t* Discovering skills and talents you never knew you had\n\t* Experiencing butterflies or being scared sometimes\n\t* Finding your desired “right things”--right for your spirit\n\t* Feeling “turned on,” lit up, excited, enthusiastic\n\t* No longer wanting to settle for ordinary or mediocre\n\t* Finding positive change and newness in your work\n\t* Broadening your perspective, seeing more of the big picture\n\t* Shifting to wanting to learn more in your work, be more, and do more\n\t* Relying more on intuition to make life decisions.\n8. See how engaged you are by seeing that the more check marks that you have: then more of your spirit is engaged in your work.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to comfort a dying dog?", + "input": "", + "output": "Although it is a natural part of life, it is never easy saying goodbye to your beloved canine companion. During this stage of life, you will want to make your dog as comfortable as possible. The comfort you provide throughout this potentially frightening situation will make the transition easier for your dog and bring you peace of mind as well.\n\n## Comfort your dog at home\n\n1. Stay patient with your dog. Older dogs commonly begin experiencing joint and muscle problems, and they can become frustrated with their discomfort and impairments. If your dog is grumpy or irritable during the end stages of life, simply do your best to be patient and provide the other comforts you can at home.\n2. Provide a quiet environment. Chaos around the home will only stress both you and your dog as you're trying to spend the final hours of your dog's life together meaningfully and with compassion. Give your dog a quiet environment away from noisy children or other animals in the house. Soft, unobtrusive music can also be calming, or you may also use a nature soundtrack with birdsong and the sounds of running water.\n3. Speak in comforting tones. Reassure your dog that he's not alone and speak in soft comforting tones. Tell him “good boy” and the other phrases you normally use for positive reinforcement to let him know it's okay. Give him plenty of light pets as well. If you want to make sure you're there for the final moments, then you may choose to sleep next to his bed in a sleeping bag for the final nights.\n4. Put down comfortable bedding. If your dog has a favorite dog bed, put it down for him. Otherwise you can put down some other blankets to help him lay down comfortably. Your dog may also have difficulty regulating his body temperature at the end, so keep some blankets handy to put over him in the event that he shows signs of being cold. Elderly dogs are also prone to pressure sores, so put down extra cushioning for an older dog. On a practical note, he may also have problems with incontinence at the end. Choose a spot you can easily clean and bedding you can wash later. If your dog does have any accidents, then clean them up patiently without scolding him. He can't help it. If your dog gets cold, you can also use a heater in the area to make him more comfortable.\n5. Keep fresh water available. Hydration is still important to keeping your dog comfortable even in the final hours. Provide a bowl of water next to the dog bed, so your dog doesn't have to get up to drink. If your is having trouble rising even to drink, then use a clean dropper to help provide water.\n6. Prepare some of his favorite meal. If your dog has always had a favorite thing to eat, then you should make some of it in case he's hungry. However, it is pretty common for dogs to lose their appetite in the end stages of life, so don't force him to eat if he's not hungry. Solid food may also upset your dog's stomach at the end as certain systems related to digestion begin shutting down. If your dog still shows a willingness to eat but regular food is upsetting his stomach, then try mixing some baby food with water, or you can also try the Hills A/D diet, which is liquid.\n7. See your veterinarian about pain management. If your dog still has enough time and you're worried about pain in the final stages, then you can consult your vet for pain management options for the final days. Signs that your dog might be in pain include excessive panting or gasping for breath or reluctance to move.\n8. Hug your dog one final time. Once your dog passes, give him one final hug and say goodbye. It's a very painful moment, so remember that it's perfectly okay to cry, but also remember the good times you had with your pet and that he passed in a comfortable, loving environment with you doing everything you could. Be aware that some dogs seem to \"move\" or \"take a breath\" after passing away. As their nervous system shuts down, sometimes muscles in the body or lungs can spasm and look like a sign of life. It's also common for dogs to pass with their eyes open. You can close them if you want as you say your final goodbye, or you can pull one of the blankets over his head.\n9. Take care of yourself. Once your pet has passed, know that you did everything you could and worry about taking care of yourself. Seek comfort in other loved ones who understand the loss. You can also light candles or say a small prayer for your pet if it feels right and helps. The ASPCA also has a hotline you can call to talk to someone who understands the difficulty of losing a pet. You can reach this hotline at 1-877-GRIEF-10.\n10. Handle your pet's remains. Though it's unpleasant, you do have to do something with your pet's remains once he passes. Many people choose to cremate pets or bury them whether in a pet cemetery or closer to home. Many services are available to help you deal with the remains to make the process easier on you. Look online or ask your vet for services in your area that will help with the option of your choosing.\n\n\n## Comfort your dog at the vet\n\n1. Consult a professional about euthanasia. The ASPCA has a specific hotline for those dealing with the difficult decision of euthanizing a pet. The line gives you someone to talk to who will understand your grief throughout the process, as well as information about your dog's quality of life at this stage and whether or not euthanasia may be the most humane option. You can reach the ASPCA hotline at 1-877-GRIEF-10.\n2. Make the appointment. Though it hurts to do and it always feels too soon, you'll have to make an appointment for the vet to euthanize him when you know your dog is at the end of life. Your vet is likely to suggest this option if your dog's condition has significantly deteriorated and the vet believes the dog is in pain.\n3. Bring some of your dog's favorite items. You'll want to surround your dog with a few of his favorite things at the end. A favorite blanket and a soft toy are very common items that you may choose to bring with to help comfort him as he passes. Favorite blankets or a dog bed will also be much more comfortable for your dog than the exam table, especially if he's already in discomfort.\n4. Sign any forms at the vet. When you sign in for the appointment, you'll also have a few forms to fill out, including a consent form signaling that you know what is about to happen. While filling out forms is the last thing you want to focus on, it is a necessary part of the process.\n5. Ask about a sedative beforehand. If your dog is experiencing any pain or discomfort from a medical condition, ask the veterinarian about giving him a sedative. This will make your dog more comfortable, and it will give you the peace of mind later knowing that your dog passed without any pain.\n6. Pet your dog with gentle, loving strokes. Once you've been taken back to the private room and placed your dog down on his blankets with any other items, focus all your energy on spending quality final moments with him. The veterinarian will have to finish setting up the necessary items, so use this time to offer soft praise to your dog. Tell him you love him and pet him in his favorite spots.\n7. Hug your dog. Your vet will ensure you're ready and then begin injecting the solution to euthanize your dog. Many people choose to hug their dog during these moments because the process is fairly quick. Between six and twelve seconds after the solution is delivered, your dog will take a deep breath and then appear to fall into a deep sleep before taking a few more final breaths. Some pet owners also prefer not to be in the room for the actual injection and passing. The veterinarian's office is used to people who need to cope and grieve in their own ways. Ultimately decide what is right for you.\n8. Give yourself time. Do not be embarrassed to cry in front of the vet or other employees at the clinic. They all understand what you're going through. After your dog has passed away, your veterinarian will give you the option to spend some additional one-on-one time with your dog. Some owners take this opportunity to say a few last words to their dog while others choose to pass on this option.\n9. Discuss options for the remains. After giving you the time you need, your vet will discuss options concerning what to do with your dog's remains. This may include releasing them to you for burial or cremating them, which the vet can take care of. You can choose cremation either with the intent to take the cremains with you or not. In some places, it is against the law for the vet to return your pet's body to you for burial.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to treat a staph infection?", + "input": "", + "output": "Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly found on human skin and many surfaces. When the bacteria stays on your skin, it's generally fine; however, if the bacteria enters the skin through a cut, scrape, or bug bite, it can cause problems. It can create an infected wound, and if left untreated, can become life-threatening.[1]\nX\nTrustworthy Source\nMayo Clinic\nEducational website from one of the world's leading hospitals\nGo to source\n Seeing your doctor for treatment is a must if you think you have a staph infection.\n\n## Get treatment\n\n1. Look for signs of infection. A staph infection can show redness and swelling. It can also create pus. In fact, it can look much like a spider bite. The skin may also feel warm. These symptoms will generally be near where you have a cut or sore. There may also be pus or discharge draining from the wound.\n2. Seek professional medical attention as soon as possible. Staph infections can develop into a serious infection quickly. Therefore, if you think you have one, you should call your doctor. Your doctor will likely want you to come in as soon as possible, and she will give you instructions for the immediate future. If you have signs of infection as well as a fever, it is especially important you see your doctor. Your doctor may wish to see you immediately or send you to the emergency room for treatment.\n3. Clean the area with an antibiotic soap. In warm water, gently wash the area with soap. You can use a washcloth if you do so gently, but you shouldn't use that washcloth again before washing it. Don't try to pop the wound if it's a blister; that will only spread infection. If your wound needs to be drained, it should be done a by doctor. Make sure to wash your hands after cleaning the area. When you dry the wound, use a clean towel. Don't reuse it without washing it.\n4. Discuss whether your doctor will take a sample. Generally, your doctor will want to analyze a sample of tissue or a culture. The idea is he can check what strain of the infection you have; once identified, he will know which antibiotic that particular microbe is susceptible to.\n5. Expect your doctor to drain it. If you have a bad infection that creates an abscess or boil, your doctor will likely drain the pus from wound. You shouldn't feel much, as she will try to numb the area first. Draining a wound generally involves the doctor using a scalpel to make a small incision across it. After that, she'll let fluid drain out. If the wound is large, she may pack it with gauze that will need to be removed at a later time.\n6. Ask about antibiotics. Most of the time with staph infection, you will need to take a round of antibiotics. One reason staph is so dangerous is because some strains are becoming resistant to certain types of antibiotics. This includes Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which must be treated with IV antibiotics. Typically, you'd take cephalosporins, nafcillin, or sulfa drugs; however, you may need to take vancomycin instead, which is less resistant. The downside to this drug is your doctor must give it to you intravenously. A side effect of vancomycin may be the development of a severe, itch rash. It usually covers the neck, face, and upper torso. You cannot simply look at an infection and know that it is a staph or MRSA\n7. Understand when surgery is necessary. Sometimes, staph infections can develop around a medical device implanted in your body or a prosthetic. If that happens, you may need surgery to have the device removed.\n8. Watch for this complication with other injuries. Staph infections can be a problem in a number of situations, such as when you have surgery. You can also develop a serious condition called septic arthritis when staph bacteria enter a joint, which can happen sometimes when staph is in the bloodstream. If you have septic arthritis, you'll have trouble using that joint; you'll also likely notice quite a bit of pain, as well as some swelling and redness. You should see a doctor as soon as possible if you have these symptoms.\n\n\n## Prevent staph infections\n\n1. Wash your hands often. Staph gathers on the skin, including under your nails. By washing your hands, you are more likely to avoid introducing it to a scratch, scrape, or scab. When you wash your hands, you should scrub for 20 to 30 seconds with soap and warm water; using a throwaway towel afterwards is best. In addition, turn off the faucet with a towel so you don't touch the germy surface after washing your hands.\n2. Clean and cover cuts. When you get a cut or scrape, it's important to cover it with a bandage once you clean it up. Using an antibiotic ointment is also good practice. Doing so will help keep staph infection out of the wound.\n3. Wear gloves if you need to play doctor. If you're working on someone else's cut or wound, it's best to put on clean gloves if possible. If not, make sure to wash your hands thoroughly afterwards and try not to touch the wound itself with your bare hands. You can do things like put the antibiotic ointment on the bandage before placing it over the wound to keep from touching it.\n4. Shower after you exercise. You can pick up staph infection in the gym, hot tub, or steam room, so make sure to shower after you exercise to help wash it off. Always make sure the shower area is clean, and don't share shower supplies, such as razors, towels, and soap.\n5. Change tampons frequently. Toxic shock syndrome is a form of staph infection, and it is often caused by leaving a tampon in for longer than eight hours. Try to change your tampon every four to eight hours, and use the lightest tampon you can get away with. If you use a tampon that is too absorbent, it can increase your risk of a staph infection. If you're worried about toxic shock syndrome, try sticking to other methods to manage your period, such as pads.\n6. Increase the temperature. When doing your laundry, wash your linens, including your towels and sheets, in hot water. Hot water can help kill off the staph bacteria so it doesn't keep infecting you.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to start a food delivery business?", + "input": "", + "output": "Food-delivery businesses are a popular and fast-growing field. These businesses typically thrive in college towns, large cities, or other areas where large populations of adults are willing to pay to have food from restaurants delivered to them. The basic business model for this type of business is to approach local restaurants and ask to deliver their food, then charge a small commission for your company's profit. Build a small fleet of delivery drivers, and set up a website or app that your clients can use to order.\n\n## Strategizing and register your business\n\n1. Structure your business as an LLC to protect your finances. There are a variety of ways to structure a small business, but an LLC is one of the most common since it allows you to keep personal finances and business finances separate. To form your LLC, you'll need to file “Articles of Incorporation” with your state's secretary of state. Also, make sure that your company's name ends in “LLC” and open a bank account under the company's name. Most LLCs are “member-managed,” meaning that all of the LLC's owners take an equal share in managing the company. If you were to not structure your business as an LLC, the bank (or other debtors) could come after your personal finances and savings if your business went bankrupt.\n2. Find a source to finance your business if necessary. When you're starting up your business, you may need financing in order to purchase delivery vehicles, rent office space, and pay for insurance and permits. If this is the case, finance your business by taking out a bank loan. Or, see if you can find prospective investors who may be interested in a chunk of your company's future stock. On the other hand, if you have several thousand dollars in savings and plan to start with just 2–3 drivers (with their own vehicles) and yourself, you probably don't need any financing.\n3. Select a catchy name that will stick in your customers' minds. You only get 1 chance to name your business, so make sure to select a name that describes your company. The name itself should also clue people in to some of your business's selling points. A clever name is also a great way to set yourself apart from some of your competitors. For instance, if you want to alert potential customers to your affordably-priced meals, use a word like “affordable” or “budget” in your company name. Avoid bland or forgettable names like “Chicago Lunch Delivery.” Instead, try something snappier, like, “On-Time People Food Delivery,” “Sandwich in a Crunch Delivery,” or “Fine Dining 2 You Food Delivery.”\n4. Register your business with your state and local governments. Before you can begin conducting any business, you'll need to register your delivery company. Specifically, you need to register the business name with your local (and maybe state) government. If you live in the U.S., start the registration process by visiting the website for the secretary of state for the state you reside in. You'll also need to register to obtain a federal tax ID number. Registering your business name prevents others from using it. Registration also ensures that you'll receive legal and tax benefits as well as personal liability protection.\n5. Buy general liability insurance and any other kinds your state requires. Nearly all large insurance companies offer general liability business insurance. Speak to a representative from the company of your choice and ask them what level of insurance you're required to have in order to comply with state guidelines. Besides general liability, many states also require that you obtain workers' compensation insurance to protect the livelihoods of your employees.\n6. Obtain the required permits and licenses to operate in your state. If you live in the U.S., the licenses and permits you'll need in order to run a food-delivery business will vary from state to state. The state permits you need will also with your business's location and activities. Figure out which permits and licenses you'll need by checking out your state's secretary of state website. Your insurance company representative should also be able to advise you regarding the permits you'll need to file for. There may also be various fees associated with obtaining the permits and licenses. Unless you're planning to deliver alcoholic beverages, you shouldn't need to obtain any federal licenses.\n7. Calculate an operating budget for your delivery business. Add up all of your business's prospective expenditures, including renting office space (if applicable), driver salaries, insurance, and gas/vehicle costs. Offset these by calculating your business's prospective income. Figure out how much money you can afford to spend on a monthly basis without going into the red. You can further break the budget up by separating necessary expenses (e.g., rent) from optional expenses (e.g., extra advertising) and finding ways to spend less on the optional expenses. As with any kind of business startup, you won't begin turning a profit right away. It may take a couple of years. Broadly speaking, startup costs for a food-delivery business average between $3,000-$25,000 USD. In most cases, this money will need to come out of your pocket. Also factor your employees' salaries into your budget. While you may start out paying delivery drivers minimum wage, advertising and graphic-design specialists will need salaries. Do some research online to calculate reasonable salary amounts that exceed the annual cost of living in your area.\n\n\n## Partner and arrange deliveries\n\n1. Cater to a specific market and demographic that you'd like to work with. Consider your potential client base. This will influence the type of restaurants that you approach about delivering their food. If you're undecided, drive around the area you live in and take note of the types of restaurants—and restaurant clients—that you see. Especially when you're first starting out, it makes sense to capitalize on the food markets that are already in place. This will also help you find a niche for your business, rather than attempting to serve too broad of a market. For example, ask yourself things like:\n\t* Do you want to sell cheap eats to hungry college kids? Or would you rather deliver gourmet meals to upscale town home residents? Alternately, would you prefer to deliver affordable lunches to businesspeople in an office-heavy district?\n2. Map out the delivery area that you'd like to serve. Whether you live in a large city or are delivering in a rural area, you'll need to decide on a reasonably-sized delivery area. Clients will expect your company to deliver their food promptly (within, say, 15–30 minutes), so you can start by setting a 15-minute radius around your delivery headquarters. Pick 2 or 3 neighborhoods and expand from there. Honing in on 1 or 2 specific parts of town is a great way to build a niche for your business. Even if people across town haven't heard of your company, people in the neighborhoods you cater to will be familiar with your delivery service! You can also decide on a delivery area based on the location of the people you hope to deliver to. For example, if you'll deliver fast lunches to busy businesspeople, look into focusing on densely-concentrated business centers or corporate campuses. Or, if you want to deliver late-night food to college kids, center your deliveries around student housing and affordable apartments in student-heavy areas of town.\n3. Meet with restaurant managers to discuss delivery partnerships. Start small by selecting 2 or 3 local restaurants that you think would appeal to your target audience. Ideally, the restaurants should be centrally located within your delivery area. Call and ask to meet with the manager. When you meet, explain that you're starting a food-delivery business to a lucrative audience and that you'd like to deliver their food. Explain to the managers that you won't be taking money from them; rather, you'll be establishing a partnership that should increase their profits. For example, if you're focusing on an upscale audience, start out by delivering food from a local 3- and 4-star restaurants. Avoid reaching out to chain restaurants, and instead focus on a diverse representation of your city's fine dining. Make it clear to the restaurants that your company holds many of the same values that their does. For example, explain that your company cares about healthy food access and food sustainability. Also ask each manager for a copy of the restaurant's menu to post on your website.\n4. Set a reasonable commission to receive on each order delivered. Food-delivery businesses make money by receiving a commission from the orders they deliver. But, the restaurants still need to make money off of the food they sell. When you sit down with each restaurant manager, hash out a commission amount that will let you keep your business afloat but not keep the restaurant from making profits. Try calculating various commission percentages based on the total amount of sales you hope to make in 1 month. The restaurant itself will pay the commission to your food-delivery business. For example, you may figure out that a 15% commission allows both you and the restaurant(s) to turn a profit. On the other hand, a 20% commission might cut too deeply into the restaurant's profits and a 10% commission might not allow your company to balance its budget.\n5. Choose a flat-rate delivery fee to charge customers on all orders. A flat-rate delivery fee, paid by your customers, will help your business turn a profit and can be used to pay your drivers. Select a low enough dollar amount that it won't deter customers from ordering food in the first place! Setting a delivery fee of $5–7 USD would be a good starting point. It would also be wise to set a minimum order amount. For example, you could require that customers pay at least $15 USD for their delivered meal.\n6. Designate a location to serve as the hub of your delivery business. Your business will need to have a headquarters, from which you can dispatch drivers and too which they'll return after each delivery. It's fine if this location is initially in your garage or out of the back of your apartment. However, as the company grows, be on the lookout for cheap office space or a cheap storefront to rent. This will allow you to expand and grow the business. Specify this primary location on your business cards and website so your customers know roughly where you're based. As your company grows, you can also set up offices for on-site personnel who aren't directly associated with food delivery (e.g., web specialists and advertisers).\n7. Hire delivery drivers who can start delivering food to clients. Delivery drivers will form the backbone of your delivery company, so you'll need to hire several before you can start delivering food. When you bring in the prospective drivers to interview them, make sure that each of the drivers has their own car and a legal driver's license. Ask the prospective hires about their availability, and make sure they understand that the majority of their working hours would fall on nights and weekends. It would also be wise to run a background check on each of the drivers to make sure they don't have a criminal history. If you're a student or live in a college town, try posting “Help Wanted” ads in your student or local newspaper. If you'd like to hire more drivers—say, 20–30 people—post a job ad online in forums like Indeed and Monster to attract many applicants.\n8. Post job ads and hire people to fill other key company positions. Your food-delivery business will need an accountant to handle financial issues and a graphic-design specialist to come up with a company logo and design the website. As your driver base grows, you may need someone to oversee all of the drivers and manage their schedules, and someone to handle PR with the restaurants. Try posting job ads online through LinkedIn, Monster, and Indeed to find qualified individuals to hire. If you're starting the business out as a tiny, at-home operation, you may be able to fill all of these positions by yourself initially. However, the sooner you hire other employees, the faster your business will be able to grow and profit.\n\n\n## Deliver food and advertise your business\n\n1. Develop a website that lets users select a restaurant and purchase food. When your business is first starting out, the website can be straightforward. It should clearly present the different restaurant options whose food your business can deliver. After users select an option, the website can present the delivery options, each marked clearly with a price tag. Then, let users select their delivery address and entire their payment info to conclude each order. Design your website so that it's visually appealing and user friendly. If you don't know anything about coding, don't worry. There are plenty of website hosting pages that let you build websites for free. Check out options like Wix and WordPress.\n2. Create a companion app that functions similarly to the website. Many users—especially younger people—prefer to order their food via app, rather than using a web browser. It's okay if you launch your business without the app in place, but aim to get the app up and running within the first 6 months. Like the webpage, the app should allow customers to select their restaurant and food options, input a delivery address, and pay using a credit card. The Apple and Android app stores are the most popular, so start by making your app available on those markets. Let users download the app for free at first. Once your business starts turning a profit and becomes well known, you can charge for the app if you like.\n3. Establish pickup and delivery workflows for incoming orders. The workflow process should be streamlined and set in stone before you start taking orders. Once a customer places an order online, someone from your business will need to call the respective restaurant and place the order. Then, dispatch a driver to pick up the food and deliver it to the customer. If the restaurants you're working with have sophisticated-enough computer systems, you may also be able to link their computers with the app and website directly. This will save you (or another employee) from having to relay customers' orders over the phone.\n4. Market your business through social media accounts. Social media is a great—and free—way to spread the word about your up-and-coming food-delivery business. Start with Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Reach out and like, follow, and friend people you know on all 3 platforms. Then, start posting! You can post pictures of your drivers, photos of tasty-looking meals, and screenshots of your website. Invite customers to leave positive reviews of your business in the “Comments” section of Facebook and Instagram to build up your online credibility. You could also advertise your business in local papers, or create a radio ad to air on local stations.\n5. Advertise your business through flyers and physical mailers. Online advertising is great, but you should have physical ads as well. Print out flyers and staple or tape them to telephone poles throughout the neighborhoods you'd like to deliver food to. Also try plastering your company's logo all over your delivery containers and menus! Consider printing stickers that have your company's name or logo on them, and placing 1 or 2 in each delivery bag.\n6. Post ads at the locations of restaurants you've partnered with. As long as you're already in business with 2–3 restaurants around town, take advantage of their store space by putting up ads. For example, pin a few flyers on the store bulletin board. Or, ask the store if they can paint their windows to display your company's logo or name. You could even see if the store would be willing to pass out your fliers with every order they sell. Of course, make sure to get the store manager's permission before putting up any ads.\n7. Place advertisements in local community papers and newsletters. You want to get your company's advertisements in front of as many people's eyes as possible. Community newsletters and locally-circulated papers are great venues to use. They're cheaper to advertise in than widely-circulated papers. Plus, you can target your advertisements to the specific areas you'd like to deliver food to. For example, say you often deliver breakfasts and lunches to a large corporate campus. Reach out to the campus administrator and find out if they have an employee newsletter than you could place an ad in.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to write metal song lyrics?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Step\n\n1. Understand the meaning behind Metal Music. Metal is considered a \"counter-culture,\" meaning it opposes \"the normal, functional, and unexciting Culture that was dominant in society [and] by being outside of that which was in power, Counter-culturalists argued, they were able to see what was real.\" So when you before you begin writing, erase any preconceived notions that you have about a particular topic.\n2. Pick a topic. Metal music focuses on darker topics that match the heaviness of the music and skirt the \"popular\" beliefs of society. The topics often challenge the listeners' political, religious, emotional, philosophical, and/or social beliefs. Select a topic that you have experience with or have a strong connection to, this is going to make the rest of the process much easier. Popular topics for metal songs include war, personal angst, mental disease, mythology, tragedy, death, hate, intolerance, corruption and love.\n3. Brainstorm the topic. Once you have selected the topic, you want to spend time formulating what your thoughts on the subject are. Unlike popular music, metal pulls from real \"truths\" rather than perceived \"morals\" or popular \"beliefs\" on the subject. Start with what is \"society's perspective.\" Think of what the culture promotes as the correct \"belief\" or \"moral\" in the discussion of that topic. It will be easier if you can find a belief that you find to be counter-intuitive, paradoxical or illogical such \"war for peace,\" \"religiously-motivated murder,\" or \"victim-blaming.\" Contrast that to examples based on experience. Take a real life, personal or a fictional example that challenges the mainstream beliefs behind this topic. How has your experience challenged society's view? Make note of any other arguments, perspectives, or facts surrounding this topic. What kind of things do people say about the subject? What promotes these beliefs? What are the consequences behind this ethical belief? Who does this affect? Find a \"truth\" within the topic. Based solely on the examples that challenge that perspective, what truths can you logically pull out? This truth will become the main thrust of your song.\n4. Start to weave together the basic parts of the song. Unlike other popular music, there is not a standard song format such as \"verse-chorus-verse-chorus.\" Instead, create your own structure based on the topic. Is there an important message that can be repeated?Do you want to provide the listener with a resolution? Here are some basic elements of the dramatic structure you can include:\n\t* \n\t* What is the rising action? What examples or personal experiences can you include to bring the listener to agree with your song's main \"truth\"? What is the climax? Can you create a moment where the listener can throw out the societal norms or absolute \"morals\" that they had? What is the resolution? What did these examples teach the listener? What did you learn?\n5. Develop and formulate the lyrical poem. Don't stick to \"rhyming patterns\" or \"rules behind poetry.\" Many popular metal songs don't necessarily rhyme or follow traditionally. Instead just weave together the basic parts you created in the last step. Tell your \"story\" to the listener.\n6. Consider finding a literary device(s) to add depth to the song. Literary devices that work particularly well in metal music include personification, allegories, figurative language, imagery, metaphors and synecdoches. Some helpful ways to find out what devices will work with your topic include:\n\t* What popular images are associated with that topic? (Metaphors, allegories, personification, synecdoches, etc.) What observations can you pull from this topic? (Imagery, etc.) Is there fiction or mythology that you can pull from? (Metaphors, allegories, etc.)\n7. Develop the sound to go with the lyrics. Use wikiHow to Write Power Metal Music to create the sound behind your lyrics.\n8. Come back to the song, and revise as necessary. Sometimes the music doesn't match up with the sound. So play the music and sing the lyrics to find where these inconsistencies are. Then edit either the music or the sound to fit the emotion behind what you are saying/hearing.\n\n\n## Example: black sabbath's \"war pigs\"\n\n1. Black Sabbath set out to create Metal's counter-culture. Their fans were often disenfranchised youth who felt no connection to the free-love movement of the 1970s or the societal norms of the 1970s. They discussed topics that directly affected these youths and were relevant to what was going on in the world during that time.\n2. They choose the topic of war. This topic was perfect for the period where America used military force to achieve political change. In choosing this, they could speak out against the basic \"American\" beliefs behind the war effort. Societal beliefs: Society believed that war could bring peace. Experiences: War breeds more pain, suffering and destruction. Politicians start war, because they don't have to deal with those tragedies themselves. Other observations: It's the poor that fight, people die in masses, the generals guide soldier into certain death. The \"truth\": Politicians have the power and misuse it.\n3. Black Sabbath then started to weave together these basic ideas into the song, \"War Pigs\". They really focused less on rhyming and more on creating a vivid story with a rise, climax and a resolution. Rising Action: \"Generals gathered in their masses,\" \"In the fields the bodies burning,\" and \"Evil minds that plot destruction\" are all examples of realistic experiences and observations that Black Sabbath pulled from. Climax: \"Politicians hide themselves away\" and \"Wait 'til their judgement day comes\" support that from the examples, politicians will eventually be held responsible for what they did. Resolution: \"Now in darkness world stops turning,\" and \"No more war pigs have the power\" explain that eventually the people will rise up, and take back the power from the politicians. This provides a solution to the problems that existed in the rising action.\n4. Black Sabbath began to formulate these basic parts of the song together. Finding ways to make the lines fit together and to create a \"story.\" They tied the rising action to the climax with the \"oh lord yeah\" which foreshadows the resolution of judgement day.\n5. Literary devices were used to add depth to the song. Black Sabbath changed these experiences and facts surrounding war into something more meaningful and symbolic with literary devices. They weaved these ideas throughout the song, focusing on the main literary device of personification of \"war pigs.\" Popular images of \"tanks,\" \"machines,\" and \"battle fields\" are all references in the song. Observations like the masses being gathered and a chess game being played are also depicted. Fictitious and mythological images of \"sorcerers\" and \"witches\" are used in the song.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to hold your breath for long periods of time?", + "input": "", + "output": "The ability to hold your breath for a long period of time is a much sought-after skill. Maybe you want to last longer underwater while diving or surfing, or maybe you're just looking for an impressive party trick. Whatever the reason, it is actually surprisingly easy to increase the amount of time you can go without breathing, provided you use the right training techniques and follow adequate safety precautions. Read below to find out how.\n\n## Optimize your lung capacity\n\n1. Do exercises to increase your lung capacity. While there is no way to increase your lung size, there are many ways to increase the amount of air your lungs take in, and the efficiency with which they capture oxygen. In particular, a rigorous exercise routine can help to strengthen your lungs and maximize their capacity to hold air. Do plenty of cardio. Incorporating some intense cardio workouts into your weekly routine can do wonders for your lungs. Running, skipping, aerobics and swimming are all great forms of cardiovascular exercise which get the blood pumping and the lungs working hard to supply the body with the oxygen it needs to keep going. Try doing exercising in intense 30 minute bursts, pushing your body to its limits, to achieve the best result. Exercise in water. Exercising in water (swimming, water aerobics, underwater weight training) is also a form of cardio exercise, but the water provides an element of resistance which requires the body to work harder to complete each task. As a result, the lungs need to work harder to supply the body with oxygen, causing their air capacity to increase significantly over time. Work-out at high elevation. At higher elevations, there is less oxygen in the air, meaning your lungs have to work harder to supply the body with oxygen. This is an excellent way to strengthen the lungs, but you must be careful not to train to hard, or you could potentially fall victim to altitude sickness.\n2. Lose weight. Any excess baggage reduces your body's efficiency in using oxygen, as there is increased body mass to which your blood must pump oxygen. As a result, many competitive breath holders will attempt to shed any extra pounds in the weeks coming up to a competition. This weight loss should be achieved in a strictly healthy way - through exercise and balanced diet - as weakening your body through crash dieting will negatively impact your ability to hold your breath. The world record breath holder, Aleix Segura Vendrell, is reported to have lost weight for 4 months before attempting to beat the world record for holding breath underwater, in an effort to improve his ratio of body volume to lung volume.\n3. Quit smoking. The fact that smoking has a negative impact on lung strength and capacity is common knowledge. Quitting can considerably increase your lungs' ability to release carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen, even within a matter of weeks. So if you are trying to strengthen your lungs and increase their capacity, giving up smoking is undoubtedly the first thing on the to-do list. You should also try to avoid second-hand smoke as far as possible, as inhaling someone else's cigarette smoke can have a negative effect on your lungs.\n4. Take up a wind or brass instrument. These types of instruments require plenty of lung power, making them a great way to improve lung strength and increase your ability to control your breathing. And aside from that, playing an instrument is a fantastic life skill, which can provide immense personal satisfaction. The flute, clarinet, oboe and saxophone are all good options when it comes to wind instruments, while the trumpet, trombone and tuba are popular brass options. If you have a good voice, singing is another great musical aid to improving lung power. Singing requires immense control of one's breathing, making it an excellent complimentary activity for aspiring breath-holders.\n\n\n## Train techniques for hold your breath\n\n1. Practice deep breathing. Before holding your breath, inhale and exhale slowly from deep within your diaphragm. By doing this, you're ridding your lungs of low-quality air. Spend five seconds breathing in, then hold the breath for one second, before breathing out for ten seconds. Continue deep breathing for two minutes, and be sure that when you exhale, you push out every last \"drop\" of air. As you exhale, push your tongue up against your teeth.This forms a valve which helps to control the release of air. Your breath should make a hissing sound as it is released. Deep breathing allows your body to take in excess oxygen, which it can then store in the blood cells. This helps when holding your breath as your body can use the stored oxygen to continue functioning, even when you are not breathing.\n2. Purge the CO2 from your lungs. When holding your breath, the pressure you feel in your lungs is not the result of a need to breathe, but rather the result of a build-up of CO2, fighting to be released. This build-up of CO2 becomes increasingly painful as time goes on. To minimize this build-up, it is necessary to purge any pre-existing CO2 from your lungs, before holding your breath. To do this:\n\t* Exhale forcefully, pushing as much air out of your lungs as possible. Puff out your cheeks as you do this, and imagine you are trying to blow a toy sailboat across a stretch of water. Once you have exhaled completely, inhale quickly and repeat. Try to keep your body as still as possible while you do this, to avoid expending any of the stored oxygen from the previous step.\n3. Take a breath and hold it for one minute and thirty seconds. This is a practice run which will allow your body to adjust to the sensation of going without air. Use a timer to count down the 90 seconds, and don't attempt to hold your breath for any longer just yet. When you inhale, don't breathe in so much that you're about to pop; this creates tension in your body and causes you to expend more energy. Instead, fill your lung capacity to about 80-85% capacity so that you still have room to relax. Once the 90 seconds is up, exhale briefly to rid your lungs of the used air, then take three breaths, inhaling and exhaling fully. This is known as semi-purging.\n4. Repeat the process of deep breathing and purging, then hold your breath for two minutes and thirty seconds. Once the first 90 second practice run is up, repeat the deep breathing and purging exercises. Perform each exercise for a duration of one minute and thirty seconds. Once this is done, take a breath and hold it for two minutes and thirty seconds, timing it on a stopwatch. Do not attempt to hold your breath for any longer than this. Once the time is up, exhale to release the used air and take three semi-purge breaths. Follow this with two minutes of deep breathing and a minute and a half of purging. You are now ready to try holding your breath for as long as possible.\n5. Splash cold water on your face. At this point, you may decide to splash your face with some cold water before attempting to hold your breath. It has been observed that putting a person's face in contact with cold water triggers bradycardia, or the slowing of the heart rate, which is the first phase of the mammalian diving reflex. However, this step is purely optional. You don't need to actually put your entire head underwater, though. Just splash some cold water on your face right before you hold your breath, or try using a cold, wet washcloth. Don't use an ice pack instead of water, though; the same study suggests that the shock of something too cold triggers other reflexes. Just make sure the water is at a temperature of approximately 70 °F (21 °C) and that the rest of your body is in a relaxed position.\n6. Take a breath and hold it for as long as possible. Assume a comfortable seated position and take a deep breath, filling your lungs to about 80-85% of capacity. Hold your breath for as long as possible, staying completely still to avoid expending unnecessary energy and wasting oxygen. It is usually better to have someone else timing your progress, as time will pass more quickly and you will be able to hold your breath for longer if you are not constantly watching the clock. Holding your breath for long periods of time can be painful, and it usually necessary to find a way to distract yourself if you are to successfully achieve your goal. One popular distraction technique is to move through the alphabet from A to Z, thinking of a friend, celebrity or historical figure whose name begins with each letter. Aleix Segura Vendrell, who set a world record for holding his breath underwater for 24 minutes and 3 seconds, is a proponent of this very technique. Don't hold air in your cheeks. This method is meant for an air reserve, which requires \"letting go\" of the air in your lungs and switching it with the air in your cheeks. This is known as \"circular breathing\" and can be very difficult to achieve, usually resulting in the breath-holder losing both air reserves. Therefore, it may be best to avoid this method for the time being.\n7. Relax every muscle in your body. It is vital that you relax completely and release any tension from your body as you hold your breath. Close your eyes and focus on releasing the tension from each body part in turn, starting with your feet, and moving slowly upwards along your body, all the way up to your neck and head. By doing this, it is possible to significantly lower your heart rate and increase the time you are able to hold your breath for. Concentrate on something that's relaxing to you. When you can't concentrate anymore, distract yourself by doing something with your hands, like counting to 99 with your fingers. Try not to move during any point when holding your breath. When you move, you waste oxygen and that will cut down the time you're able to go without breathing. Stay still.\n8. Exhale slowly. When you can't hold your breath anymore, try to avoid exhaling all the air in your lungs in a mad rush. First, exhale about 20% of your air, then inhale again so that oxygen gets to your most critical areas faster. Then you can exhale and inhale completely.\n9. Repeat these steps 3-4 times per session. It is not recommended to do this any more, as it could damage your lungs and body. Try one session in the morning and one session at night if you wish. Keep practicing and before you know it, you will be able to hold your breath for several minutes.\n\n\n## Take the necessary safety precautions\n\n1. Always practice with a partner. It is highly advisable that you practice holding your breath with a partner. The main reason for this is that they can ensure your safety if you happen to pass out (which is fairly common during limit-testing training sessions), preventing you from hurting yourself and taking care of you while you recover your senses. In addition, a partner can help to time your breath-holding sessions, notifying you at each 30 second interval.\n2. Practice sitting up, rather than lying down. The best position to practice holding your breath in is sitting upright in a comfortable position, such as on a sofa or armchair. This allows you to expend as little energy as possible while holding your breath. It is not advised that you lie down while holding your breath, as you run the risk of choking on your tongue if you happen to pass out.\n3. Do not attempt to do this underwater, unless supervised by a professional. Although the purpose of learning to hold your breath for longer is usually for use underwater, you should never do underwater training alone, without supervision. As mentioned before, it is quite common for people to black out or lose consciousness after holding their breath for prolonged periods, and if this happens underwater it can lead to drowning. Even practicing with a partner can be dangerous, as an untrained eye may be unable to tell the difference between someone who is holding their breath and someone who has passed out. If you do decide to practice with a partner, make sure that you decide on a hand signal which you can give at regular intervals to indicate to your partner that you are okay.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to purchase a textbook?", + "input": "", + "output": "In this article you will learn two ways to purchase your college textbooks. One way would be your college campus bookstore. Another will be online on your college website.\n\n## College campus bookstore\n\n1. Make sure you have a print out of your college classes, if not you can always ask a clerk in the bookstore to print one out. Each of your classes are categorized in a course for example: History will be HIST.\n2. Look at your college class list, find your first class and look for its category in the bookstore.\n3. After finding the category of your class, you will then look for your class on pieces of paper located on the bookshelf example: History 101 The piece of paper located on the bookshelf will have the class, professor of the class and the author of the book. The piece of paper will also have two amounts of the book NEW and USED. It will be your choice to decide if you would like to purchase a new book or a used book.\n4. Find your remaining books. When done finding books you will now be ready to check out.\n5. Head over to the register, the clerk will then scan your books, give you the total amount. After paying the clerk will go over the return policy after that you will be done purchasing your textbooks.\n\n\n## Purchase your textbooks online on your college website\n\n1. Locate your college website onto the internet For Example: www.csn.edu\n2. Go to the Bookstore on your college's website.\n3. Scroll down to websites and click your campus website For Example Cheyenne bookstore Website.\n4. Look at the next page that comes up and make sure that it says your campus that For example: Cheyenne bookstore. Click the link that says Textbooks and Course Materials. You will then select your program, term, and your division. By doing this correctly make sure you have a print out of your classes beside you.\n5. After selecting your division you will then select your department also known for your class Example History will be HIST then your will select your course and finally your selection.\n6. after submitting all your information the next page that appears will be the a picture of the book, title , author, price of a New book or Used book and if they have the book in stock.\n7. Click on the Add to Cart and add another course. Continue adding text books. You are now ready to check out make sure to look over all your information and read the instructions click on the checkout button if you are not a member make sure to register to continue checking out.\n8. After you register you will be back to the checkout page you will then follow instructions on how to pay and then you will have finished the process of purchasing a textbook online.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to change the home screen background on an ipad?", + "input": "", + "output": "The default iPad wallpapers are attractive, but you can pick an alternate option or use your own pictures to make things a little more personal.\n\n## Step\n\n1. Tap the “Settings” icon on your iPad’s Home screen to launch the Settings app.\n2. Tap “Brightness & Wallpaper” and then tap the preview images in the Wallpaper section.\n\n\n## To select a new wallpaper image\n\n1. Tap “Wallpaper.”\n2. Tap an image from the Apple wallpaper collection.\n3. Tap the “Set Lock Screen,” “Set Home Screen” or “Set Both” buttons to use the image when your iPad is locked, behind the icons on your Home screen or both.\n\n\n## To select a wallpaper image from your photos\n\n1. Tap “Camera Roll” or “Photo Stream” depending on where the image you want to use is stored.\n2. Tap the image you want to use.\n3. Pinch and drag the image to adjust how it appears on the screen.\n4. Tap the “Set Lock Screen,” “Set Home Screen” or “Set Both” buttons to use the image when your iPad is locked, behind the icons on your Home screen or both.\n5. Press the Home button or lock your iPad to view your new wallpaper image.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to get good at picking up girls?", + "input": "", + "output": "Picking up girls is a skill, and as with any other skill, the fundamental idea is the same; you start by practicing it consistently and learn more along the way to enhance it. Below are some key habits and practices that will help you get good at pickup.\n\n## Hone your approach skills\n\n1. Have fun.- Go out often.- Know how to stop girls properly.- Be calmly assertive and lead with common sense.- Recognize the level of interest from girls.- Record yourself.\n\n\n## Cultivate conversation habit and practice\n\n1. Make a deep genuine connection.- Remember that honest communication of intentions is important.- Understand romantic connection.- Make a habit of talking to older or \"less attractive\" girls (or even guys) when you go out.- Use non-reaction to deal with tests.- Practice being funny.- Use \"us\" mentality.- Use roleplay.- Make it sexual.- Balance interest and disinterest.- Know the difference between persistence and supplication.\n\n\n## Experiment\n\n1. Experiment with your approach.- Try new things.- Test the validity of your self-limiting and false beliefs.- Get another opinion.- Keep a journal.- Find your demographics.\n\n\n## Practice non-reaction and humility\n\n1. Practice acceptance.- Practice non-reaction.- Practice humility.\n\n\n## Find a balance\n\n1. Live an interesting life.- Work on the balance between health, wealth, and relationships.- Understand that looks, status, race and wealth matter.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to claim tax back?", + "input": "", + "output": "Typically you pay taxes on your income throughout the year – but over the course of a year, your life may change drastically. You may lose your job, get a new job that pays less money, get married, have a child, or buy a house. As a result of any of these changes, you may find that you've paid too much in taxes. When you pay too much, you typically are entitled to a refund. In most countries, you must file a return to claim tax back.\n\n## Take deductions and credit\n\n1. Report major life changes. Getting married, having a child, or buying a house are examples of positive life changes that can mean you don't owe as much tax. Negative changes, such as losing your job or getting a divorce, may have the same result. You also may be entitled to a tax refund if your residency status has changed. For example, non-residents may pay a higher tax rate than residents. If you become a permanent resident during the tax year, you may be able to get some of those higher taxes back. The government typically doesn't automatically make these changes for you and reassess your tax liability. Instead, you have to report the change and claim a refund for the amount you overpaid.\n2. Keep records of medical expenses. If you have medical expenses that weren't covered by insurance, you may be able to deduct some or all of those expenses on your taxes. Save your receipts so you have them at year's end. This typically only applies to bills you've actually paid. For example, if you have a $12,000 hospital bill for emergency treatment and you've only paid half of it so far, you could only deduct that half you paid. In the following year, you could potentially deduct the other half.\n3. Claim payment of interest. Certain types of interest, such as interest on a mortgage or on student loans, often can be deducted from your income on your taxes. After you make this deduction, you may be eligible to claim tax back. For example, in the U.S. you can get a credit for at least a portion of the interest you paid on your student loans. When you claim a credit, the government treats it as though you'd actually paid that money on your taxes, which could result in you getting a refund.\n4. Complete the appropriate forms. If you plan to claim any deductions or credits, you typically must file a tax return that allows you to itemize. Even if you typically don't have to file a return each year, you'll need one if you want to claim tax back. For example, taxes in the UK typically are automatically reconciled. If you're employed and earn an hourly wage or a salary, you shouldn't have to file a return. But if you want to claim deductions or credits, you may have to file a return to get that tax back that you overpaid.\n5. Provide proof that you are entitled to the credit or deduction. In many cases, if you're claiming a credit or deduction on your taxes, you must be able to prove that you actually incurred that expense. Even if you aren't required to submit this proof, you should still keep it in your records in case your return is audited. For example, if you or someone in your household is disabled, you may be eligible to take the disability tax credit. However, before you can claim this credit you need a letter from a doctor certifying the disability.\n6. Submit your return by the deadline. Your government may have strict deadlines by which you must file a return if you are requesting a refund. In some countries, the government will pay you interest on the amount of tax you overpaid, provided a deadline is met. While most governments will give you a few years to request a refund of overpaid taxes, the process may be more cumbersome if you wait. File your tax return as soon as possible if you're due a refund, so you can get your money back.\n\n\n## Report business expense\n\n1. Keep records throughout the year. If you're self-employed or own your own business, you can deduct your business expenses from the money you earn throughout the year. Even if you work for a salary or hourly wage, you still may be able to deduct work-related expenses. If you buy anything for work purposes, keep the receipt. You can also use a bookkeeping or personal finance app to help you keep track throughout the year.\n2. Review expenses you can deduct. Your government's tax department should have a list of the types of expenses you can deduct from your income. If you have significant business expenses, you may want to consult a professional tax advisor or accountant. To deduct a business expense, you generally must be able to prove that it was related to your work, and that you paid for it yourself. You can't deduct expenses that your employer reimbursed. If your employer reimbursed you for part of the expense, though, you may be able to deduct the portion that wasn't reimbursed. Talk to a tax advisor about certain expenses, such as travel expenses. These may not be entirely deductible.\n3. Use the appropriate tax return form. If you have expenses related to self-employment, you typically must fill out a separate form for the income you have related to that self-employment. Your business expenses are deductible from that income. For example, suppose you have a day job that pays you an hourly wage, and you also occasionally give people rides through a ride-share app. You would be required to report your income from ride-sharing on your taxes, but you could deduct any related expenses. This could include a portion of your car payment and car insurance.\n4. Submit your tax returns. To deduct business expenses on your taxes, you must submit your yearly tax return. In some cases, you may be required to pay estimated taxes throughout the year if your income from self-employment is over a certain amount set by your government. If you have significant business expenses, it may take you a little longer to complete your return, so don't wait until the last minute.\n5. Keep receipts for expenses you deducted. You typically don't have to provide the receipts or proof of your business expenses to the government when you submit your tax returns. However, if your return is audited, you must be able to produce this documentation. Generally, you want to keep these records for at least 4 or 5 years. Check with your government's tax department to find out how far back returns can be audited, and make sure you're keeping your records for at least that long, just in case.\n\n\n## Adjust your withhold\n\n1. Check the withholding on your paycheck. Especially if you've recently started a new job, you may find that too much money is being withheld from your paycheck for taxes. Check your pay stub or talk to someone in your employer's payroll department to find out how withholding is computed. It's generally a good idea to revisit the amount being withheld from your paycheck for taxes whenever you have a major life change that you would report on your taxes. Major life changes that could potentially affect your tax liability include getting a second job, being unemployed for any period of time, getting married or divorced, or having a child.\n2. Determine your appropriate tax bracket. If your overall household income has changed for any reason, there may be too much tax withheld from your paycheck. Estimate your tax liability for the year and compare it to your government's tax scheme. If you live in the U.S., you can do this fairly easily in most cases by filling out a new W-4. If the result is different from the one you have on file with your employer, your employer should update their records.\n3. Complete new withholding forms. You may be able to submit changes to your withholding online, or you may have to fill out new paper forms with your employer's payroll department. Speak to a manager or someone in human resources and let them know you need to make this change.\n4. Verify the change has been made. Once your withholding has been adjusted, you should notice that less money is being taken out of each paycheck. If the amount being withheld hasn't changed, get back to someone in payroll. Some countries, such as the UK, may issue you a refund directly through your employer if you overpaid on taxes throughout the year.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to get over a break up fast?", + "input": "", + "output": "Dealing with a breakup can be very difficult, whether you ended it or they did. Fortunately, things will get better! You can get over your breakup faster by boosting your mood with fun activities and small indulgences. Additionally, use healthy coping strategies to deal with your feelings. As soon as you can, start taking steps to move on with your life.\n\n## Boost your mood\n\n1. Distract yourself with activities that make you feel good. Indulging in distractions is a quick and easy way to make yourself feel good after a breakup. Although it won’t help you overcome your feelings in the long term, a distraction helps you temporarily escape your heartache and feel better while you cope with your feelings. Here are some ways you could temporarily distract yourself from the breakup:\n\t* Engage in your favorite hobby\n\t* Draw or paint something\n\t* Bake treats for your friends\n\t* Join a few friends for a pick up game of baseball, basketball, or football\n\t* Go for a hike\n\t* Browse your favorite shops\n\t* Host a game night with your friends\n\t* See a funny movie\n2. Spend time with friends and family who make you feel good. Being around your biggest supporters can help improve your mood because it will remind you how much you're loved. Plus, you can enjoy fun times with people who aren't your ex, which helps you move past the breakup. If you don't feel up to going out yet, invite friends or family members to enjoy a meal, movie, or game night at your home. You might watch your favorite comedies and order a pizza or play your favorite board games. If you feel like going out, ask a friend to meet you for coffee, plan a fun night out with your friends, or invite friends to go see a movie. As another option, choose an activity that gets you moving, like playing miniature golf, bowling, or walking in a local park.\n3. Fill your schedule so you have less time to dwell on the breakup. Keeping yourself busy gives you less time to think about the breakup. This lessens how much you experience your negative emotions. Go to school or work, volunteer, catch up on errands, help out your friends or relatives, or take up a new hobby. Not only will your mind be off your breakup, but you’ll also be helping both yourself and others. For example, you could fill up your free time by enrolling in an art class, volunteering to care for dogs at the local shelter, and helping your grandmother do her weekly grocery shopping. You’ll get to meet new people, make a difference, and assist a loved one while also having a little fun.\n4. Date yourself by doing fun things your former partner never did with you. Make a list of things you’ve always wanted your partner to do with you, like dancing, going to an art opening, seeing your favorite sports team play a game, or trying a new restaurant. Now that you’re single, take yourself on these “dates.” Doing what you enjoy will help you feel better quickly, plus you’ll see how much better your life can be now. For example, you might see a movie your ex would never watch or go on an outdoor adventure your homebody ex thought would be boring. It’s okay to also invite friends to go with you, but commit to going alone if no one is available to go with you.\n5. Indulge yourself with your favorite treat, a special gift, or a day of pampering. Doing something nice for yourself will help put you in a good mood. Choose something you really want or enjoy. Then, spend a few days indulging your desires. If you can spare the money, make yourself a treat care package or buy yourself something nice. If you’re short on money, try budget ways of pampering yourself, like making a homemade facial mask, taking a hot bath, baking yourself a batch of cookies, going for a walk in the park, or borrowing a movie or game from a friend.\n6. Repeat a positive affirmation that makes you feel better. Affirmations can help you boost your mood if you believe them, so choose an affirmation that resonates with you. Focus on a positive statement that both feels accurate to you and lifts your spirit. Repeat your affirmation whenever you’re feeling down. Here are some examples of positive affirmations:\n\t* “I am worthy of love.”\n\t* “I get validation from myself, not someone else.”\n\t* “I will live my best life.”\n\t* “I am the only one who can make me happy, so I will.”\n\t* “I am a strong, beautiful person.”\n\n\n## Cop with your feel\n\n1. Acknowledge the emotions you’re feeling without judging yourself. It’s normal to feel a range of emotions after a breakup. You’ll likely feel sad or angry, but it’s also possible you’ll feel love for your ex. Don’t try to make yourself stop feeling these emotions. Instead, recognize what you’re feeling, acknowledge it, then let it pass. Accepting your emotions like this will help you get through them more quickly. You’ll also experience less emotional pain. For example, you might say to yourself, “I still feel love for Alex. We dated for a year, so I know this is normal.” Similarly, you might tell yourself, “I’m feeling really sad and betrayed right now. I have a right to feel this way.”\n2. Share your feelings with someone you trust. Talk to a friend or relative who won’t judge you. Tell them what you’ve been going through, and let their responses help you feel better about yourself. Rely on your closest relationships to help you get through the breakup. Choose a few trusted individuals you can talk to so you’ll have several options when you need to talk. That way, you’ll still have someone to turn to if one friend is busy. If you don’t feel like you have someone you can trust, try talking to a counselor or therapist. They can help you work through your feelings in a healthy way.\n3. Write a journal entry about the breakup and how it’s made you feel. Writing about what happened and how you feel can help you get over the breakup faster. Additionally, writing about your goals for the future and how well you are doing can help you direct your attention forward rather than on the past. This is a great way to deal with your feelings if you don’t feel comfortable sharing with others. If your ex really hurt you, write a letter to them telling them how it made you feel. Then, burn or rip up the letter instead of sending it. This can help you release those feelings in a healthy way.\n4. List your ex’s negative traits to help you get over them quickly. Recognizing the flaws in your ex, especially when it came to your relationship, can help you love them less. It helps you let go of your image of them as your partner so you can accept the breakup. While noticing their unfavorable traits or habits will help you get over them fast, it might make you feel sad while you’re doing it. For instance, you might make a list like this one: “1) Doesn’t text me back right away; 2) Talks badly about my sister; 3) Forgot my birthday last year; 4) Eats all of my snacks but never replaces them; 5) Hates cats.”\n5. Allow yourself to cry if you feel like it. It’s normal and healthy to cry after a breakup, especially in the first few days. Crying it out can even help you get over your breakup faster, so don’t fight off those tears. Release them, and the urge to cry will eventually pass. If crying in front of others bothers you, go to a place where you can be alone. This might be your bedroom, a bathroom, or a safe place outside. If you share a room, ask the other person if they will give you a few minutes alone.\n\n\n## Move on with your life\n\n1. Spend some time getting to know yourself before dating again. It’s normal to lose yourself in a relationship, so give yourself time to remember who you are as an individual. Think about what you really want in life, as well as what you want in a partner. Additionally, try out different activities to figure out how you enjoy living your life. Not only will this help you get over your breakup more quickly, it’ll also help you form a healthier relationship with your next partner.\n2. Take good care of yourself by sleeping more, eating well, and exercising. This helps you feel better and reduces your stress. Additionally, you’ll be able to keep your life moving forward instead of falling into bad habits. Here’s how to keep your health on track:\n\t* Create a bedtime routine to help you go to sleep earlier. Turn down your thermostat, turn off your screens, and spend an hour relaxing before bed. Base your meals around lean proteins and vegetables, and snack on fruit, nuts or low-fat dairy. Additionally, drink plenty of water. Exercise for at least 30 minutes a day. Go for a walk, run, dance, do aerobics, or take a gym class.\n3. Block your ex on all of your social media accounts. Keeping up with what your ex is doing will keep you trapped in the past. Don’t hold onto the relationship once it’s over. Focus on living your own life without worrying about what they’re doing. You might feel tempted to leave them on your social media accounts so you can show them how well your life is going. Although that might seem satisfying, it’s actually counterproductive because it keeps your thoughts on them. Just let them go. If you have mutual friends with your ex, consider temporarily unfollowing them if you know they’ll be posting about your ex.\n4. Clear out all items that remind you of them. Return any items they left at your home, and donate any gifts you don’t want anymore. Next, throw away or recycle any items that can’t be donated, like cards or uneaten candy. Then, put away photos and momentos you might want later. This will keep your mind off your ex so you can focus on the future. You don’t have to get rid of everything they gave you or every memory you made together. Use your best judgement when deciding what to keep. If it doesn’t remind you of them, you might choose to keep it. Similarly, you might put away photos of you with them until a later time when the breakup no longer bothers you.\n5. Focus on your personal goals to positively direct your attention. Choose a goal you hope to accomplish, like writing a book, getting picked for a sports team, or getting a promotion at work. Break up that goal into several small steps, then start working on them. This helps you focus on building a future you want instead of dwelling on the past. For example, let’s say your goal is to take a trip to Paris, France. Your to-do list might include “buy a Paris travel guide,” “get a passport,” “read about popular tourist sites in Paris,” “research hotels,” “price my trip,” “choose a target date,” “save money for my trip,” “book my trip,” and “go to Paris.”\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to thicken facial hair?", + "input": "", + "output": "If you’re dissatisfied with the patchiness of your beard or mustache, there are several easy steps you can take to thicken your facial hair. Many of these involve making simple lifestyle changes, like changing your diet or exercising more. If these easy techniques don’t give you the results you’re looking for, there are several products you can try out, which may either make your beard thicker or make it appear so. If these don’t work and you really want fuller facial hair, there’s always the option of getting a beard transplant.\n\n## Make lifestyle change\n\n1. Eat a healthy diet to get the vitamins and nutrients your beard needs. Like any other part of your body, your beard needs vitamins and nutrients to grow properly. Be sure your diet includes a balanced mix of whole grains, lean protein, healthy fats, fruits, and vegetables. Remember to also drink plenty of water and other fluids to stay hydrated. Since your hair is protein-based, it’s especially important that you eat plenty of protein. Sources of protein include: lean meats, eggs, dairy products, beans, legumes, seeds, and nuts. Adult men should aim to consume around 0.84 grams (0.030 oz) of protein per 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of body weight.\n2. Exercise to help stimulate hair growth. Being physically active on a regular basis will help boost your blood circulation. Better blood circulation will allow more nutrients to reach your hair roots, helping to boost hair growth. Try to get at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise every day by jogging, taking a brisk walk, or riding a bike. If you don’t exercise much, ease into an exercise regime gradually so that you don’t injure yourself.\n3. Reduce stress in your life to keep your hair healthy. Constant, high levels of stress can make your hair more brittle and even cause it to fall out. You can minimize stress in your life by getting enough sleep every night, exercising regularly, and participating in relaxing activities. Aim to get between 8-10 hours of sleep a night if you’re a teenager, and at least 7 hours of sleep if you’re over 18 years of age. Activities like yoga, meditation, and reading can also help you relax.\n\n\n## Take care of your facial hair\n\n1. Let your beard grow for at least 4 weeks. You’ll need to let your facial hair grow out a while before you can determine just how thick it looks. While your beard may look patchy and uneven after a week of letting it grow out, after 4 weeks, it may actually look lush and full. Try not to start trimming your beard too soon. Don’t trim any hair until you reach the 3rd week or so. Itchiness usually fades after the 2nd week of growing out your facial hair.\n2. Comb and brush your facial hair to cover patchy spots. As you let your facial hair grow out, comb and brush it daily. Comb areas that are thicker towards the patchier areas you want to cover. This will help train the hairs to grow in that direction. If you plan to keep a beard long term, consider investing in a quality beard brush.\n3. Apply a beard oil to your beard to soften and nourish it. In addition to eating a healthy and well-balanced diet, using beard oil is another great way to supply your beard with the vitamins and nutrients it needs to look full and healthy. Apply beard oil to your facial hair once a day to begin with. Apply your beard oil soon after you get out of the shower, when your beard is still slightly damp, but not dripping wet. Beard oil will also help reduce the itchiness of your facial hair during the first 2 weeks of growth.\n\n\n## Use hair-growth products\n\n1. Dye your facial hair to make it look thicker. If some of your facial hairs are blond, light brown, or gray, your facial hair may look thinner and patchier than it really is. Dyeing your facial hair a darker color will make these hairs more visible, making your beard or mustache look fuller and more uniform. You can find hair dye made for coloring facial hair at your local drug store. When dyeing your facial hair, follow the directions on the container closely, so you don’t end up with dye spots on your skin.\n2. Take biotin supplements daily to thicken your facial hair. Biotin supplements may help thicken your facial hair by strengthening your hair’s keratin infrastructure, giving your facial hair a fuller appearance. You can find biotin supplements over-the-counter at your local drug store. Biotin supplements, unfortunately, won’t make hair grow in places where there isn’t any to begin with. Products marketed as beard-growing pills are usually a combination of biotin, vitamin C, zinc, and other vitamins. The claims of these and other supplements haven’t been proven in clinical trials, so take them with a hefty grain of salt.\n3. Apply Minoxidil (aka Rogaine) to your facial hair. Minoxidil helps stimulates blood circulation, which allows more nutrients and hormones to reach your hair follicles. This helps encourage growth of your hair. You can buy Minoxidil as a foam or liquid. You can purchase Minoxidil at your local drug store. The 2 most common side-effects users of Minoxidil experience are lower blood pressure and dry, irritated skin.\n4. Look into getting a beard transplant if other methods don’t work. A beard transplant involves a doctor taking hairs from the back of your scalp and transferring them to areas on your face where you want thicker hair. After the procedure, it may take a few months for you to see its final results. The procedure typically takes several hours and requires the application of a local anesthetic. A beard transplant can cost upwards of $7,000.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to identify ticks?", + "input": "", + "output": "While tick bites are not often painful, they can lead to infections or even chronic illnesses like Lyme disease. If you're uncertain whether you're dealing with a tick infestation, check for defining features that distinguish a tick from other bugs. Some bugs that look like ticks are harmless, but ticks must be dealt with immediately to avoid illness or infection. Call an exterminator if you're still not sure for a professional opinion.\n\n## Check for distinctive tick feature\n\n1. Look for a round, ovular shape. Before a tick is engorged with blood, its body is shaped like an oval with 2 major segments. After a tick is engorged, its head will remain small but its body will grow round and plump.\n2. Check for bugs that are between ⁄2 to 2 in (1.3 to 5.1 cm) long. How large a tick is when you find it depends on whether it has recently fed on blood. Before it has drunk any blood, a tick will be around the size of a pinhead. Immediately to several hours afterward, a tick will grow to around the size of a lima bean.\n3. Examine its exterior for a protective hard body. In most cases, ticks have a hard exoskeleton. These are called hard or \"authentic\" ticks and are usually what people are talking about when describing ticks. Soft ticks with a flexible exoskeleton exist but are only found in select areas. Soft ticks are found in the western United States and southwestern Canada.\n4. Check for a star-shaped design on its back. Lone star ticks have a white, star-shaped design on their exoskeletons. If a bug does not have this design, it still may be a tick. This pattern is just a defining feature of this tick species.\n5. Examine the bug for black legs. Black-legged ticks, as suggested by their name, have legs that are darker than their bodies. Like a lone star tick's black legs, this is a defining characteristic of black-legged ticks and may not be present on every tick.\n\n\n## Differentiate between tick and other bug\n\n1. Avoid mistaking bugs with wings or antennae for ticks. Ticks do not have wings, nor do they have antennae. If you have found a bug with either, it is not a tick. Research bugs with similar characteristics to ticks but with wings or antennae if your bug in question has these. Poplar weevils, which are commonly mistaken for ticks, have both wings and antennae.\n2. Count the number of legs to distinguish it from insects. Because ticks are a type of arachnid, like spiders and scorpions, they have 8 legs. If your bug has 6, it is an insect and therefore not a tick. If your bug has less than 6 or more than 8 legs, it is neither an insect nor arachnid but is, regardless, not a tick.\n3. Watch for bugs that feed on blood and do not travel in groups. Billbugs are the commonly mistaken for ticks because of their near-identical appearance. The way to distinguish between a tick and a billbug is to watch them. Billbugs swarm in groups, whereas ticks are usually alone. Ticks also feed on blood, whereas billbugs do not. As a general rule, billbugs do not hang around or on people and animals. Ticks often do.\n4. Look for bugs that burrow in the skin instead of resting on its surface. Both ticks and bed bugs hang around animals and humans. Their method of feeding off of people and animals, however, differs. Ticks burrow into the skin to drink a living creature's blood but bed bugs stay on the skin's surface. Make sure you know whether a bug is a tick or bed bug before removing it from your skin. Without proper precautions, you may remove a tick's body while its head remains lodged in your skin.\n\n\n## Identify tick bite\n\n1. Check for mild pain around the bite. Tick bites are not usually painful. If you experience sharp pain, you have not likely been bitten by a tick. Research your other symptoms to determine what insect or arachnid bit you and begin treatment. If a soft tick bites you, you might notice localized pain immediately after the tick drops off.\n2. Inspect the site for redness. Although tick bites are not painful, they can still set off your body's immune system. If the bite and the skin surrounding it looks reddish, it may be a tick bite. Keep in mind, however, that redness is a symptom of many bug bites.\n3. Watch for rash development in the days and weeks following your bite. While not often a symptom of tick bites, you may develop a rash if your tick bite becomes infected or if you contracted an illness from the tick bite. If a rash spreads from your tick bite to other parts of your body, call your doctor or visit an urgent care clinic. Some illnesses that ticks carry, like Lyme disease, can take months or years before symptoms develop.\n4. Look for a tick still attached to your body. Because tick bites usually do not hurt, the most common way to spot a tick bite is to see the tick burrowed in your skin. Compare the bug on your body to other insects before removing it so you can use a pair of tweezers or a credit card to safely get it out of your skin. If you are not careful, tick heads can remain lodged in your skin.\n5. Recognize tick bite symptoms that require immediate medical care. While most tick bites can be treated at home, you may need emergency care if you develop an infection or allergic reaction. Seek emergency medical help immediately if you notice any of the following symptoms:\n\t* Raised red bumps (hives) all over your body\n\t* Trouble breathing\n\t* Swelling of the mouth, lips, tongue, or throat\n\t* Lightheadedness, dizziness, or loss of consciousness\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make popcorn balls?", + "input": "", + "output": "Popcorn balls are a classic treat, typically sold in carnivals and occasionally the supermarket. What's even better, however, are homemade popcorn balls. Not only are they made using the freshest ingredients, but you can also choose what goes into theme. You can make the classic marshmallow type, but you can also make them with caramel or even peanut butter! Whichever one you choose to make, you are bound to end up with something tasty!\n\n## Make marshmallow popcorn ball\n\n1. Bring the light corn syrup, butter, water, confectioners' sugar, and marshmallows to a boil over medium heat. Pour the light corn syrup into a saucepan, then stir in the butter, water, confectioners' sugar, and marshmallows. Heat the mixture over medium heat until it starts to boil., stirring often to prevent scorching or burning.\n2. Put the popcorn into a large bowl, then stir the mixture into it with a rubber spatula. Be sure to scrape the bottom of the bowl often to ensure that you get the popcorn at the bottom. You can buy plain, pre-popped popcorn from the store, or you can make your own using the microwave or stove.\n3. Grease your hands with vegetable shortening or butter, then shape the popcorn mixture into balls using your hands. Try to make each ball about 3½ inches (8.89-centimeters) wide. Place the popcorn balls onto a baking sheet covered with wax paper as you finish them; you can also use greased cupcake or muffin pans instead. Keep some extra butter or shortening on hand. If the popcorn starts to stick to your hands, simply coat your hands with more butter or shortening.\n4. Wait for the popcorn balls to set before serving them. This will take about 30 minutes. After this, you can serve the popcorn balls.\n\n\n## Make caramel popcorn ball\n\n1. Bring the butter, sugar, and corn syrup to a boil over medium heat. Place a medium-sized saucepan on the stove, then add the butter, sugar, and corn syrup. Turn the heat to medium, and wait for the mixture to come to a boil, stirring it occasionally . Clip a cooking thermometer to the side of the saucepan. Don't let the bottom of the thermometer touch the bottom of the saucepan.\n2. Stir in the condensed milk, and let the mixture simmer until it reaches 238°F (114°C). Add the condensed milked, then reduce the heat to low. Let the mixture simmer until it reaches 238°F (114°C). Stir the mixture often to prevent scorching.\n3. Remove the saucepan from heat, then stir in the vanilla extract. This will help sweeten the caramel as well as give it a more complex flavor.\n4. Put the popcorn into a large bowl, then carefully stir the mixture into it with a rubber spatula. Be sure to scrape the bottom of the bowl often so that all of the popcorn gets evenly coated with caramel. You can use pre-popped popcorn from the store, or you can make your own using a stove or microwave.\n5. Coat your hands with butter, then sculpt the popcorn into 3½-inch (8.89-centimeter) balls. Place the popcorn balls onto a baking sheet covered with wax paper as you finish each one. You can also use a greased cupcake or muffin pan instead.\n6. Wait for the popcorn to set. This will take about 30 minutes. After this, you can serve the popcorn balls however you please.\n\n\n## Make peanut butter popcorn ball\n\n1. Bring the brown sugar, corn syrup, and butter to a boil over medium heat. Put the brown sugar into a large saucepan, then stir in the corn syrup and butter. Put the saucepan on the stove, then turn the heat up to medium. Wait for the mixture to come to a boil, stirring occasionally to prevent scorching.\n2. Take the saucepan off the stove, then stir in the peanut butter. As soon as the mixture comes to a boil, take the saucepan off the burner and add the peanut butter. Stir well with a rubber spatula until everything is evenly combined. Make sure that you use the plain kind of peanut butter.\n3. Place the popcorn into a large bowl, then pour the mixture over it. Stir the two together with a rubber spatula until everything is evenly coated. Be sure to scrape the bottom of the bowl often! You can use pre-popped popcorn from the store, or make your own ahead of time using a microwave or stove.\n4. Coat your hands with butter or vegetable shortening, then form the popcorn into balls. Try to get the balls about 3½ inches (8.89 centimeters) wide. As you finish the balls, place them onto a baking sheet lined with wax paper. You can also use a greased cupcake or muffin pan instead.\n5. Wait for the popcorn to set. This will take about 30 minutes. After that, you can serve the popcorn balls.\n6. Finished.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to ride the london eye?", + "input": "", + "output": "The London Eye is an iconic part of London’s cityscape. It’s a giant ferris wheel, built in 2000 to commemorate the new millennium. It’s made up of 32 large glass capsules that move slowly, allowing riders to get a great view London’s most famous sights. To ride the London Eye, you’ll need to find your way there, find the right package for your needs, and know some of its security and logistical characteristics.\n\n## Book your ride on the london eye\n\n1. Choose your package. The London Eye offers a variety of experiences at different prices. Standard tickets put you in a capsule with around 20 other people, where you can ride the Eye for about 30 minutes. There are quite a few packages beyond the standard ticket, including:\n\t* Fast track tickets, which let you jump ahead of the queue and board the Eye more quickly. Flexi tickets let you visit the London Eye at any time of day rather than booking a specific time in advance. Combination packages let you save money by combining London Eye tickets with passes for other London attractions, such as the London Dungeon or Madame Tussauds.\n2. Book your ticket online. Visiting the London Eye’s official website will let you buy your ticket ahead of time, saving a bit of wait time. Additionally, you’ll be able to save 10% on the ticket price by paying online. After choosing your package, you’ll be able to pay online with a credit card or PayPal. After buying your ticket, you’ll have the option to print your ticket at home or collect it at the London Eye. The former will save you more wait time.\n3. Pay on the spot. While it’s more convenient to book tickets online, it’s also possible to queue up at the London Eye for your ticket. You’ll have directions on site as to where to line up to buy your ticket. Note that while this is possible, it’s usually best to pre book for the London Eye, especially with more exclusive packages.\n\n\n## Find your way to the london eye\n\n1. Take the tube or train. There are a few train stations near the London Eye, which are accessible by train or by using the subway. The closest station is Waterloo, which is about a five minute walk from the London Eye if you follow signs for the South Bank. Alternatively, you can reach the London Eye from the Embankment and Charing Cross stations; you’ll need to cross the Hungerford Bridge to reach the London Eye from these stations.\n2. Get on the bus. There are three bus lines that can take you directly to Waterloo station, close to the London Eye. The bus line you take depends on your starting point. The 211 bus line travels between Hammersmith Bus Station and the Waterloo station. The 77 line also has its final stop at Waterloo station, although it starts from Tooting Station. The 381 is your last option, and starts from Peckham Bus Station.\n3. Take a taxi. The fare will vary depending on where you’re leaving from, but the London Eye has a dedicated drop off location for taxis at the end of its landscape. They also tend to congregate there, ready to take you back to a hotel or to your next destination. If you opt for using Uber instead of a taxi, you’re usually looking at a minimum fare of £14, ($18.13) with rates of £0.08 ($0.10) per minute and £0.75 ($0.97) per mile.\n4. Park your car at Q-Park Westminster car park. Whether you’re picking up a rental car or driving with a local, this is the best place to park and the London Eye can get you a 15% discount. From there, it’s a 5 minute walk to the London Eye, across either the Westminster Bridge or Lambeth Bridge. Note that the London Eye is situated in the London Congestion Zone. This means you’ll be charged £11.50 ($14.89) for driving to the London Eye on a weekday between 7am and 6pm.\n\n\n## Get on the eye\n\n1. Know what you can and can’t take with you. The London Eye has an important list of restricted items. Many of these will be taken from you at a security check before entry, and returned to you once you disembark. This list includes, but is not limited to:\n\t* Sharp objects, from knives to nail files. Replica or toy guns. Large bags or rucksacks. Skateboards and rollerblades.\n2. Prepare to wait in line. It can take at least 45 minutes to board the London Eye, with wait times increasing during peak times, especially on weekends and holidays. It’s suggested that you arrive at least 30 minutes before your booked time; this will allow you sufficient time to collect your tickets and join the queue. If you have a standard entry, you’ll enter the capsule through the standard queue. The Fast Track queue can only be accessed if you have a Fast Track ticket and allows for shorter queue times.\n3. Move about the capsule for the best view. The London Eye capsules offer a full 360 degree view, and it moves slowly enough to guarantee a you’ll catch all of London’s sights. While the capsule can hold up to 28 people, you should still be able to move around and get a good view. The ride takes about 30 minutes, so make sure to keep your eyes open.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make a bow for a wreath?", + "input": "", + "output": "A big part of making a beautiful wreath is adding on a bow! Bows can be the perfect accents to holiday, seasonal, and everyday wreaths. You can make a fluffy bow with plenty of full loops, or you can use burlap to make a floppy bow for a look that's a little more rustic. Whatever you choose to do, it'll take minimal materials and a little bit of practice to make the perfect bow for your wreath!\n\n## Make a fluffy bow with wire ribbon\n\n1. Cut off a 4 to 6 in (10 to 15 cm) piece of floral wire. Set it to the side somewhere it can be easily found later on. This is the wire you will use at the end to hold your entire bow together. If you don't have floral wire, you could also use a pipe cleaner.\n2. Unspool your wired ribbon, take one end, and make a small circle with it. For making a fluffy bow, use a minimum of 9 feet (2.7 m)—the more ribbon, the fluffier the bow! Make a small circle, about 3 inches (7.6 cm) wide, at one end of the ribbon. If you're at the store and aren't sure if the ribbon is wired or not, simply pinch a portion of it together—if it keeps its shape, it's wired. Keep in mind as you work that you'll need to stop when you have about 12 inches (30 cm) of fabric remaining.\n3. Pinch the end of the circle together in your non-dominant hand. Where the end of the ribbon touches the rest of the ribbon, pinch that seam together and hold it between the fingers of your non-dominant hand. This leaves your dominant hand free to shape the rest of the bow. You're going to use your non-dominant hand to hold together the fabric the entire time you're making the bow.\n4. Create a figure-eight by making loops on either side of the circle. Make a loop on one side of the circle, pinch the fabric in the middle, and then make a loop on the other side of the circle to create the figure-eight image. Continue pinching together the fabric in the middle that meets at your fingers. When you look at the bow from the side, it'll look like the number “8.”\n5. Continue making progressively larger figure-eight loops. Make at least 5 or 6 layers of ribboned loops. If you are using a lot of fabric, you may even make closer to 9 or 10! Remember to keep gathering the material in the middle by pinching it between your fingers. At this stage, your loops will be layered rather than spread out and the bow might look a little strange, but don't worry! You're on the right path.\n6. Stop making loops when you have about 12 inches (30 cm) of fabric left. Take the end of the ribbon and place it between your fingers in your non-dominant hand, forming a large circle. 12 inches (30 cm) of ribbon will produce bow tails that are about 6 inches (15 cm) long each.\n7. Thread the piece of floral wire around the fabric you've been pinching. Cinch it tight and twist it several times to make sure it's secure. You can now release that bundle of fabric you've been holding on to! If you're using a pipe cleaner, follow the same process: thread it around the pinched fabric and twist it off to ensure it'll stay in place.\n8. Cut the middle of the last big loop you made to form the tails of the bow. Cut in the middle of the fabric and watch as the ends fall down, creating the tails of your bow. You could even cut small triangles out of each end to add an additional flourish to the design. If you want longer tails, leave more fabric at the end when you stop making your loops. If you want shorter tails, you can simply trim them to the length you want.\n9. Shape the ribbon by rearranging the loops. Spread out the loops until you create a large, fluffy, full-looking bow. Make sure to pull loops upwards and down, and do your best to leave no see-through spaces between the loops. The great thing about using wire ribbon is that you can reform the loops easily if they get bent out of shape.\n\n\n## Create a bow from unwire ribbon\n\n1. Cut off a 4 to 6 in (10 to 15 cm) piece of floral wire. Leave this piece of wire off to the side somewhere you can find it easily later on. You'll use it to secure your bow once you're finished making it. If you don't have floral wire, use a pipe cleaner.\n2. Take your ribbon and make a twist at the end of it. Use at least 2 feet (0.61 m) of ribbon for this bow. Twist the end, leaving about 6 inches (15 cm) of fabric for one of your tail ends. If you're using ribbon that isn't patterned on both sides, just make sure that the patterned or colored side is on the outside of the twist.\n3. Make multiple loops, twisting the fabric at the end of each loop. Hold the forming bow in your non-dominant hand and use your dominant hand to make the loops and twists. How large you make the loops depends on how big you want the bow to be—use smaller loops for a more concentrated bow, and use bigger loops for a larger, fluffier bow. For this bow, you won't be making a figure-eight pattern. Instead, you'll just be making each loop consecutively right next to one another.\n4. Stop making loops on an even number. Make anywhere from 6-10 loops (or more, if you're going for a really large bow!) before you stop. The even number helps create symmetry in your bow.\n5. Cut off your bow from the rest of the ribbon. Cut the ribbon so that there are roughly equal-sized tails on each side. If you're worried about matching the sides, just leave extra room so you can trim the ribbon tails to match later on. It's okay if the edge is a little jagged—you can tidy it up later on.\n6. Thread your floral wire through the center of the bow. Position the wire so that half of the loops are on one side and the rest are on the other. Twist off the floral wire several times so that it stays firmly in place. If you're using a pipe cleaner, follow the same process. You can leave the excess floral wire in place and use it to attach the bow to the wreath later on.\n7. Spread out the loops to create a fluffy bow! Position the loops in all directions so that it looks full. Because this bow is made of unwired fabric, it might look a little loose, but that's part of the beauty of it! If you want, you can also cut small triangles out of the ends of the tails for an added flourish.\n\n\n## Craft a rustic bow with burlap\n\n1. Cut off 3 separate sections of burlap ribbon. Make one piece 60 inches (150 cm), one 24 inches (61 cm), and the last one 8 inches (20 cm). Additionally, cut the 8 in (20 cm) piece of burlap in half lengthwise. These measurements will create a large, rustic bow that will hang down off of your wreath.\n2. Hold the large ribbon in the center, and fold the sides down and across. Leave about 16 inches (41 cm) of fabric in the center before making your folds, as this will be the main part of your bow. Fold each side down and across so that the end of each one is on the opposite side. It's usually easier if you do this at a workstation so you can lay the ribbon down flat.\n3. Fold the 24 in (61 cm) piece of ribbon so the ends meet in the middle. Place the folded ribbon, seam-side down, over top of and in the middle of the 16 in (41 cm) section from the largest ribbon, layering one on top of the other. This second piece of fabric helps create depth in your bow by giving it a second dimension, rather than just having a flat, single-layer bow.\n4. Gather the fabric in the middle of your ribbons to make a bow shape. Pinch the fabric together in the very middle to create the 2 sides of your bow, and hold the fabric together using your non-dominant hand. One side of the bow should be a mirror reflection of the other side.\n5. Wrap your floral wire around the center of the bow. Thread it around the middle, and twist it off several times to ensure it's secure and won't come undone. If you don't have floral wire, you could also use a pipe cleaner. You can either trim off the excess ends of the wire, or let them stick out to the sides so you can use them to attach the bow to the wreath later on.\n6. Cover the floral wire with the halved 8 in (20 cm) piece of burlap. Wrap it around several times until there isn't any excess ribbon to be wrapped around. If you want, you could also take the other half of that 8 in (20 cm) piece of burlap and wrap it around the middle, too. A fun variation here is to use a colored or patterned ribbon to cover the floral wire for a little pop of color!\n7. Use your glue gun to secure the burlap on the backside. Flip your bow over and apply some hot glue to the burlap that's covering the floral wire. Use your scissors to trim off any burlap that is still sticking up. Let the hot glue dry before you flip it back over so it doesn't accidentally get stuck to your table. If you don't have a hot glue gun, you could use double-sided tape.\n8. Cut out triangles from the ends of the “tails” for an added flourish. Instead of leaving the ends of your burlap as straight edges, cut out a triangle shape from each end for a rustic and authentic feel. It's okay if the triangles don't match exactly, but try to keep them about the same general size.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to safely cook chicken from frozen?", + "input": "", + "output": "If you are in a rush, you may not have the time to thaw chicken for a meal. Luckily, you can save yourself some time and safely cook chicken from frozen. You can roast a whole, frozen chicken for a large group, or bake breasts or drumsticks for a smaller meal. Regardless of how much chicken you cook, it is important to always follow the safety guidelines for cooking chicken and thoroughly cook your meat to avoid any foodborne illnesses.\n\n## Roast a whole chicken from freeze\n\n1. Use caution when cooking frozen chicken. If you are cooking any parts of a chicken from frozen, there is an increased risk for foodborne illness. To kill any pathogens in the chicken, be sure to cook the meat to an internal temperature of at least 165°F (74°C). Always prepare from frozen chicken in the oven or on the stovetop and, as a rule of thumb, cook it about 50 percent longer than you would thawed meat. For example, it would take about two hours to roast a thawed 5-pound (2.25 kg) roasting hen at 350°F (177°C). If frozen, a similarly sized chicken would take about three hours to cook thoroughly at the same temperature. Check the internal temperature of the meat by inserting a meat thermometer into thickest part of the breast and the innermost part of the thigh and wing. If the thermometer does not ready 165°F (74°C), continue cooking the bird. Do not try to cook the frozen chicken in a slow cooker. The appliance will not get hot enough to kill the pathogens in the meat. It also leaves the meat sitting for too long at unsafe temperatures.\n2. Preheat the oven. Turn on your oven and heat it to 350ºF (177ºC). While your oven warms up, put the frozen chicken breast-side-up in a large roasting pan. This will ensure that the densest meat of the bird gets thoroughly cooked. Depending on the size of the chicken, you may also be able to use a Dutch oven instead of a roasting pan.\n3. Dress the chicken. If the bird is not frozen closed, try to remove the giblets from inside of the chicken. Once you remove the giblets, stuff the bird with your favorite ingredients, such as lemon, onion, rosemary, and thyme. Then rub the exterior of the chicken with olive oil and sprinkle it with salt and pepper. If you cannot access the inside of the bird, wait until it has cooked for about 45 minutes to remove the giblets. Use tongs and an oven mitt to remove the giblets and insert any stuffings that you want.\n4. Cook the chicken. Place the seasoned chicken in the oven uncovered and roast for about 90 minutes. Then increase the temperature of the oven to 450ºF (232ºC) and cook the chicken for another 15 to 30 minutes. This will help brown the skin. Remove the pan from the oven and serve once a meat thermometer placed into various parts of the chicken reads 165°F (74°C). These cooking times are based on a 4-pound (1.8 kg) chicken. Be sure to adjust the roasting time based on the weight of your chicken. Let the chicken rest for 10 to 15 minutes to cool before carving. If there is any pink or red meat, place the whole bird or uncooked pieces back in the oven until they turn white and there is no red in the juices.\n\n\n## Prepare bread chicken breast from freeze\n\n1. Freeze the breasts individually. When you bring the chicken breasts home from the grocery store, place them in single layer in a freezer bag. Make sure that there is some space between the breasts. If they freeze together, it will be hard to separate them and you will likely have to thaw them. You can also freeze the breasts flat on a plate or tray and then transfer them to a freezer bag. This is a good strategy for freezing any individual chicken parts.\n2. Preheat the oven. Preheat your oven to 425ºF (218ºC). While the oven warms, lightly oil a baking sheet. You can use olive oil, vegetable oil, or any other preferred cooking oil or fat. Then place four boneless skinless chicken breasts on the tray. If you are cooking frozen chicken breasts without breading, preheat the oven to 350ºF (177ºC).\n3. Add breading. As the oven warms, mix 1/3-cup (113 g) dry breadcrumbs, ½-teaspoon (3 g) salt, ¼-teaspoon (1.5 g) of black pepper, ¼-teaspoon (1.5 g) garlic powder with one tablespoon (15 ml) of cooking oil. Spread about one teaspoon (5 ml) of mustard on the top of the frozen chicken breasts. Then sprinkle the breadcrumb mixture onto the breasts, making sure that the mix sticks to the mustard.\n4. Bake the breasts. Place the tray in the oven and cook the breasts for about 30 to 40 minutes. Insert a meat thermometer into the thickest part of the breast to make sure that it is cooked thoroughly. If the temperature is below 165°F (74°C) or if there is any red or pink meat, put the breasts back in the oven and let them cook until they are white and the juices run clear. If you are cooking four frozen 4-oz (28 g) chicken breasts without any breading, you should cook them at 350ºF (177ºC) for 30 to 45 minutes. However, it is important to remember that the cooking time depends on the size of the chicken breasts.\n\n\n## Bake freeze chicken legs\n\n1. Season the legs before freezing. Because it is difficult to get seasoning to stick to frozen chicken skin, it may be easier to season your drumsticks before freezing them. Before you put them in the freezer, coat your drumsticks with your desired seasoning or rub. This will freeze the seasoning to the skin and make it easier to pull the legs from the freezer and toss them in the oven when you are ready to cook. This is a great way to season any individual pieces of chicken before you freeze them.\n2. Preheat the oven. Heat the oven to 350ºF (177ºC). While the oven warms, remove your drumsticks from the freezer and place them on a tray. For a side, you may also want to add some chopped vegetables like carrots and onions or a few sliced potatoes to the tray.\n3. Cook the drumsticks. Place the tray in the oven and cook the drumsticks for about 50 to 60 minutes. Once the time is up, insert a meat thermometer into the thickest part of the drumstick to make sure that it is cooked. If the temperature is below 165°F (74°C) or if there is any red or pink meat, put the breasts back in the oven and let them cook until they are white and the juices run clear. When you are taking the temperature of the drumsticks, try not to touch the bone with your thermometer. This will give you an inaccurate temperature.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to make your linkedin profile stand out?", + "input": "", + "output": "LinkedIn has become a key tool for many recruiters to search for qualified candidates and for job seekers to make the right connections when seeking a job. The site allows each person to create a profile that can serve at as an online resume and minimal portfolio. You can make your LinkedIn profile stand out by ensuring that the basics of your profile are rock solid, and then going the extra mile to make it exemplary.\n\n## Start with the basics\n\n1. Add a professional profile picture to catch the eye of recruiters. Your profile picture must be professional in order to give a good first impression. If you have use a profile picture that is inappropriate or silly, recruiters will probably remove you from their candidate list immediately. When choosing a profile picture, remember to choose one that:\n\t* Does not include anyone else but you. This reduces confusion regarding who the profile is about and draws all the focus to you. Is just of your head and shoulders. Your profile picture is a small picture and will show your face better if you limit it's scope to just your head and shoulders. Shows you wearing professional business attire. LinkedIn is a professional site. Wearing business attire in your picture is highly recommended. This includes a nice collared shirt and a suit jacket if you wish (for both men and women) or an unrevealing blouse for women. Is in front of a solid background. Solid backgrounds allow the focus to be on you and not what is going on behind you. Has a smile. A smile can make you seem more approachable to those who don't know you. Is preferably taken by someone else. It is OK if it is not done by a professional, but definitely no selfies.\n2. Write an eye-catching headline to draw readers in. Headlines are automatically filled with your most recent job title after you add your experience. These can be boring, and you should consider changing your headline to something more unique. To make yourself stand out, edit your headline to tell the reader who you are and what you are an expert in. For example, “Operations Executive\", \"Performance Driven, Airline Industry Expert”.\n3. Customize your URL to brand yourself. Customizing your URL allows you to reference your LinkedIn page easily in your resume or on business cards and other documents. It should remain simple, with the best kind of URL including just your first and last name with no spaces or special characters. For example, www.linkedin.com/in/firstlastname.\n4. Provide an outstanding summary to highlight your talents. Writing a LinkedIn summary is much like writing a professional biography. It should be brief, yet comprehensive enough to give the reader an overview of your career thus far. Also, it should be well-written and engaging to entice them to read through your profile further and accept or request to connect with you. While writing a summary, remember to include the following:\n\t* Tell your story in the first person. This means using the words I, my and mine to make your summary more conversational and easy to read. Explain your expertise and interests. Use examples to show your value to potential clients and future employers. Highlight your key accomplishments. If you have made some great achievements in your career, take the time to list these in your summary. For example, Top Sales Award Winner. State a call to action. Explain what you are looking for while making connections on LinkedIn. For example, “open to new opportunities”, “looking to make mutually beneficial connections” or “contact me if I can be assistance to you”.\n5. List each job you have held with a summary of tasks to provide detail. As with your resume, list all the jobs you have held. The difference between a LinkedIn profile and a resume is that it is acceptable to add any and all jobs to your experience section, rather than limiting yourself to what is most relevant to the particular job you are applying for, as with a resume. Also, you are also not limited to the 10 year rule as you would be on a resume. Therefore, feel free to list any job you have ever held in your career. Add a brief summary of the purpose of your job and the major tasks you have completed. Bullet key accomplishments. As with a resume, you want to highlight your strengths and accomplishments to show you were successful at your job. For example, “Negotiated a $1.5M sale to increase profit margins by 25%”.\n6. Add all relevant skills to your profile. The skills section of a LinkedIn profile can hold up to 50 skills. It is recommended for you to use all 50 of these slots to provide a full look at what you are capable of. This section is very easy to use because it populates suggestions as you are typing and allows you to click on these for a quick listing. For example, while typing “Coaching” it may also populate “Business Coaching, Job Coaching and Staff Coaching”.\n\n\n## Add support material\n\n1. Know your audience to target your profile's contents. Given your career path and the type of people you are trying to attract with your LinkedIn profile, you should know what readers will be looking for and you can give the audience what they want. For example, if you are a writer, your audience will be looking for your creativity and to remain engaged throughout your profile by your choice of words and correct grammar. If, however, you are a sales representative, your audience will be looking for your stats and your ability to sell yourself throughout your profile.\n2. Use concise and effective wording to create impact. Just as in a resume, you must keep your sentences concise (brief) and powerful by using effective wording to get your point across. This means using action words such as: drove, reduced, increased, created, initiated, trained, developed, won, and acquired.\n3. Use keywords to enhance your ranking in search results. Using keywords in your profile is extremely important because these keywords will be used by others who are looking to make connections. The more keywords you add that are related to your experience and field of interest, the higher your profile will rank when searched. For example if a recruiter is looking for someone with “sales and lead generation” experience they will add these keywords to the search field. To find the best keywords for you to use, browse job openings for various companies and pick out common words and phrases. If you have experience in these areas, use these keywords in your profile. If you have the experience but do not use the keywords, your profile will not appear in the proper search results.\n4. Add relevant presentations, videos and other files to show your expertise. LinkedIn allows you to get creative with your profile. For each job or education listed, you have the option to upload a document or file to further illustrate your experience. Adding these types of files is great for someone who produces work of a visual nature. For example, professional presentations, photographs, videos, ads and graphics. Be sure to add only files that are relevant to your personal experience and accomplishments, and not something about your company or school. For example, do not add a recruiting video about the company you work for.\n5. Ask for recommendations. Having recommendations in your LinkedIn profile is important, because instead of you telling the reader how great you are, they get a chance to hear it from someone else who has worked with you. Once you have made connections with those who you believe will write you a good recommendation, send them a message by clicking on the “Ask to be recommended” link under your profile edit page.\n6. Use special characters. You can use special characters to make your profile stand out by creating bullet points or breaking up a section and creating lines. However, not all symbols are accepted and translated into LinkedIn.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to host a sleepover party for a wide range of ages?", + "input": "", + "output": "If you are throwing a sleepover with guests with ages ranging from seven to twelve (e.g. you are having all your cousins round), it can be tough finding activities to suit everyone. Here are a few games and other activities that will make a wide age ranged sleepover a success.\n\n## Be prepare\n\n1. Before the sleepover you should have a list of \"back up ideas\" for if your sleepover dips. It can happen in the best of sleepovers. One minute, everyone can be having great fun and then the next everyone's arguing or someone starts missing home. For these occasions, you should have a list of back ups that will bring the mood up again. The activities should be fun and not very competitive like hide and seek or just chilling and watching a movie. However if you are going to be playing team games make sure you don't put people who are arguing on the same team.\n2. Get to know your guests. You probably already know a lot about them but if you don't you should find out. It just makes it a lot easier to choose: food, drinks, activities, themes and lots more.\n3. Before the sleepover, you should also decide wether or not to have a theme. Themes can be fun and make your party that tiny bit of extra fun but they can also limit your choices. If you are going to choose a theme then make sure that it suits everyone. For example, if you are doing a princess theme don't have one person not dressed up and left out because they don't really like princesses you either have to rethink the theme or rethink inviting that person. Some theme ideas are:\n\t* princess\n\t* disney\n\t* under the sea\n\t* safari\n\t* a color\n\t* christmas\n\t* Hawaii\n\t* Halloween\n\t* a book you all like\n\t* a TV show or movie you all like\n\t* sporty\n\n\n## Food\n\n1. Since it's a sleepover, you should go all out on the sweets and drinks. Sugary stuff is great, but remember to have other options e.g. pizza, crackers or even fruit because sometimes at 3:00am you might not feel like chocolate or other sugary foods. Remember to check if your guests are vegetarian or vegan or have allergies because a trip to the hospital at 2:00am because Molly ate a Snickers when she has nut allergies will definitely put a damper on the night.\n2. For drinks, make sure you have lots of fizzy juice, try and get stuff you might not normally buy because it is a sleepover. For example maybe if you see some blueberry fizzy juice at your local super market. Even if you all hate it, it could still come in handy for penalties in truth of dare. Once again remember to check if your guests have allergies.\n\n\n## When to go to bed\n\n1. At a sleepover the time you go to bed and the time you fall asleep are two very different times. If there are younger kids (6-7 years old) maybe pulling an allnighter isn't the best idea because it will be you who puts up with the temper tantrums the next day.\n2. Everyones different but it probably isn't a good idea to make younger kids go to bed earlier than the older kids because they will be to anxious about thinking about what they are missing to sleep.\n3. A good idea is to watch a movie while in bed then the younger ones might doze off if it's late (some of the older kids might as well) and then the kids who are still awake can talk or play a quiet game.\n\n\n## Game\n\n1. It can be tough finding games that will suit all age groups because what a 7 year old would find fun a 12 year old probably won't, but there are ways of modifying games so that everyone has a good time.\n2. Murder in the Dark is a very good classic sleepover game and its bundles of fun.There are many different ways of playing but this way is my favorite. Before your guests arrive, cut out cards that are all the same size (one for each guest e.g. if there are 5 people coming make 5 cards) write murderer on one and detective on another and suspect on the rest. If there are children coming who can't read/are not confident readers draw a shape beside each one and for example say - if you have a square on your card you are the murderer. Everyone keeps their card a secret. The lights go out and if you are the murderer you have to tap people and they have to scream and fall over however if you are the detective and you get tapped you have to put the lights on and try and guess you the murderer is. If they guess right they win but if they don't the murderer wins.\n3. Hide and Seek in the dark is another good game.\n4. If you and your guests like making movies then go for it. There are loads of great apps that can help you with that and they are a great way to remember your sleepover.\n5. Make friendship bracelets.\n6. Build a den. Indoor or outdoor dens/forts are great fun to make and fun to hide out in. They are also great because all kids from 7 to 12 mostly like making dens so its something everyone can join in with.\n7. Pillow fights are also great just make sure the pillows don't have any hard zips or anything on them.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to recognize fundamentalist thinking?", + "input": "", + "output": "Fundamentalism is a concept that often, historically, had religious connotations. However, it's a common term that describes a way of expressing ideals and related activities to express (from the point of view of the speaker) a perceived, accurate, ideological focus. Here are some common factors among those referred to as fundamentalists.\n\n## Step\n\n1. Understand the definition: Identifying persons who hold a \"strict adherence to the fundamental principles of any set of beliefs\" -- as viewed by another individual. The use of the word \"fundamentalist\" is often intended to denote a certain point of view, but \"fundamentalist\" may be used in a negative connotation, being pejorative (derisive) of particular scientific, political or religious concepts.\n2. Understand that seeking to recognize fundamentalism may be educational and informative. This is not to indicate that fundamentalism is \"on-/off-beat\", centered versus eccentric (different) or \"good\" versus \"bad\".\n3. Do not equate \"fundamentalism\" with being \"religious\". As, some of the unflattering literature on fundamentalism was written by people who consider themselves quite religious but who have differing doctrines and understandings. Confusing or mixing the two concepts will lead to misconceptions in identifying fundamentalist expression and activity (behavior). Judging the fundamentalist harshly could lead to social stigma, discrimination, prejudice, bias and possibly hatred.\n4. Appreciate the differences among varied types of fundamentalists. The term has been historically used to describe various, diverse groups, religious movements, political movements and philosophical or scientific schools of thought. The term itself has several definitions in use and meaning.\n5. Seek a common set of behaviors and indicators that are dominant/common in the different uses according to a particular definition.\n\n\n## Indications by usage\n\n1. Use the word responsibly to credit and acknowledge a defined set of concepts, or beliefs or their advocates. Following is a list of some of the different uses of the term throughout history:\n\t* Religious Fundamentalism:\n\t* Fundamentalist Christianity recognizes an adherence to a basic set of Biblical, fundamental principles to preserve unity and harmony among believers. These fundamentals include a literal interpretation of the Bible as the divinely inspired and infallible Word of God and the necessity of salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ's atonement. Some consider Christian fundamentalism to be identical with evangelicalism. Jesus said -- \"...go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age. (Matthew 28:19,20 NIV). While Christian fundamentalists hold unswervingly to their basic tenets, they encourage open-minded study of the Bible, intellectual discussion of \"true\" (Biblical) versus \"false\" (non-Biblical) doctrines and whether some traditional practices are/are-not Biblical. Islamic Fundamentalism: This includes advocating return to the \"fundamentals\" of Islam: The Quran and The Sunnah. Definitions vary as some insist that Islamic belief requires all Muslims be fundamentalists and is, also, a term used by outsiders to describe perceived trends within Islam; whereas, some figures of Islamic fundamentalism may be termed \"Islamists\". Some say that \"Radical Islam\" is the term for movements beginning in the 1920s -- and that, some say, is not a return to the more historic fundamentals. Jewish Fundamentalism\n\t* Mormon Fundamentalism\n\t* Hindu Fundamentalism\n\t* Atheistic Fundamentalists. - Observe atheistic fundamentalism as whether there is a strong disdain toward those who espouse religion, and some would say, a dogmatic opposition to what appears to be religious tradition. Some atheist thinkers, such as Richard Dawkins, argue that no such fundamentalism exists, and that the term is meant to be disparaging of atheists' concepts. Non-religious Fundamentalism:\n\t* Political Conservatism (Fundamentalism) including being \"strict constructionist\", being a \"constitutional originalist\" to follow the traditional meaning of the constitution and the basic law, not some modern, re-formed meaning. Scientism (Fundamentalism). - Consider that beginning in the nineteenth century, some scientists stated scientism as the view that all aspects of the universe are knowable through the methods of the scientist and that advances in all forms of knowledge could be made through scientific progress; whereas, philosophy had historically relied on intuition and other modes of thought as the source of knowledge and as equal or preferred to empirical investigation.\n\t* \n\t* Market Fundamentalism. - check to verify whether there is a strong belief in laissez-faire, free-market systems of financial regulation. The recession was not due to regulation, but to schemes including an over-trusted kind of certificate called the \"Collateralized debt obligation\"; this is a type of structured asset-backed security (ABS) whose value and payments are supposed to be derived from a portfolio of fixed-income underlying assets (but many were like bad mutual-fund shares). CDOs securities are split into different risk classes, but many bad \"CDOs\" were over-rated conglomerations of some good preferred stocks, bonds and too much of over-valued bad mortgages as some trillions of dollars of poor \"investments\" sold around the world -- and the related, bad-mortgages were a major cause of the banking crisis, also devastating to the economy. Some left-economists declared that the global financial crisis, so caused, of 2008 destroyed market fundamentalist's ideas of free markets. This expression, \"market fundamentalism,\" was promulgated by George Soros in his 1998 book, The Crisis of Global Capitalism. As is \"atheistic fundamentalism\", \"market fundamentalism\" is often used as a pejorative to designate perceived, ideological dogma with which one may disagree.\n2. Be as objective as possible realizing indicators depend upon ones point of view -- or, perhaps, bias. Do not go looking for \"signs\" in persons to prove they are indeed fundamentalists after you question their being so. Instead, only use this as a reference. In other words -- if, by chance, unintentionally, you encounter some of the indicators in a person's expressed views, look for the other indications very closely, trying to prove that they are not there! If you fail to eliminate them, you can relatively well identify the person as fundamentalist.\n3. Be sure that the indicators listed under \"Common Indications\" apply before going any further.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to unlock a tmobile g1?", + "input": "", + "output": "The G1 is T-Mobile's own smartphone released on October 2008. It runs on the Android v1.6 (Donut) operating system—one of the first phones to carry the Android OS—a 3.2 inch (8.1 cm) touchscreen, and physical navigation keys below the screen. Although the G1 can be only used on the T-Mobile network, you can always unlock it and remove the restrictions if you want to use the phone on other mobile networks.\n\n## Use t-mobile customer service\n\n1. Get your G1's IMEI code. These codes are unique identifiers assigned to mobile phones for identification purposes. To get your G1's IMEI, enter \\*#06# on your phone using its on-screen keypad, and the IMEI code will be displayed on the screen.\n2. Prepare your account details. The customer service representative will ask these information from you, so get them on hand before you call T-Mobile's customer service number:\n\t* T-Mobile account number\n\t* Mobile number associated with your T-Mobile G1\n\t* Present billing address\n3. Call 1-877-453-1304 using a different phone. This is T-Mobile's customer service hotline. Tell the customer service representative that you want to unlock your G1. The representative will ask the details of your account, which you have already prepared, and will give you an unlock code you can use to unlock your T-Mobile G1.\n4. Insert the SIM card you want to use with your T-Mobile G1. The SIM tray of the G1 is located at the back. Power off your phone, and slide off the back cover; you should see the SIM tray. Remove the current SIM, if it's still there, and insert the one you want to use. Don't forget to place back the back cover.\n5. Turn on the phone. Press and hold the Power button at the lower-right side of the phone. The Power button is also the End Call button.\n6. Enter the unlock code given to you by the representative. Instead of the home screen, a message screen will be displayed telling you that your phone needs to be unlocked first before it can use the SIM card you inserted. Simply type in the unlock code given to you by the representative, press the “OK” button, and your T-Mobile G1 should now be unlocked for use on any network.\n\n\n## Use unlock code websites\n\n1. Get your G1's IMEI code. These codes are unique identifiers assigned to mobile phones for identification purposes. To get your G1's IMEI, enter \\*#06# on your phone using its on-screen keypad and the IMEI code will be displayed on the screen.\n2. Look for websites that offer unlock code services. Open a web browser on your computer and look for sites on the Internet that offers unlock code services.\n3. Provide the necessary details. These websites will need your phone's IMEI code, the unit/model of the phone, and the network it's currently locked on (in this case, T-Mobile). Provide these information together with an active email address.\n4. Check your email. Depending on the website you used, you should receive your unlock code in the email address you provided within 12–36 hours. Check your email and take note of the unlock code.\n5. Insert the SIM card you want to use with your T-Mobile G1. The SIM tray of the G1 is located at the back. Power off your phone, and slide off the back cover; you should see the SIM tray. Remove the current SIM, if it's still there, and insert the one you want to use. Don't forget to place back the back cover.\n6. Turn on the phone. Press and hold the Power button at the lower-right side of the phone. The Power button is also the End Call button.\n7. Enter the unlock code given to you by the representative. Instead of the home screen, a message screen will be displayed telling you that your phone needs to be unlocked first before it can use the SIM card you inserted. Simply type in the unlock code you got in your email, press the “OK” button, and your T-Mobile G1 should now be unlocked for use on any network.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to reformat a laptop?", + "input": "", + "output": "## Reformatting your laptop with installation cds\n\n1. Back up your hard drive. Reformatting your laptop will cause you to lose all of your information so it is recommended that you back up your hard drive on an external hard drive, CDs, or DVDs if you wish to keep it.\n2. Determine which method of restoration is provided by the manufacturer. If you received a set of installation CDs with your machine, then use this. If you did not, your computer may have a restore partition set up, which means you will need to employ a different method.\n3. Insert the operating system disk into your CD/DVD drive. It normally auto-runs and will open to a menu, or options page. Select the option for installing a fresh copy of the operating system. If the CD doesn't run by itself, double click on \"My Computer,\" and then right click on the drive with the OS disk. Click \"Auto-Run.\"\n4. Wait for the CD to proceed automatically. If you are away from the computer for awhile, it will pause at the next point, awaiting any required input from you. Follow the prompts, be patient and avoid the temptation to intervene. This process may take a few minutes. If you are reformatting your laptop hard drive, you will accept the default offerings/settings that the installation disc is asking for.\n5. Wait for the installation to complete. When the operating system installation is complete, a completely fresh desktop will appear.\n\n\n## Reformatting a laptop use restoration partition\n\n1. Restart your computer. While the machine is rebooting, repeatedly press the F10 key on your keyboard until the machine boots. This will take you into the partition offering you options for repair or restore (reformatting and reloading).\n2. Select the option for installing a fresh system. The beauty of this system is that you don't have to do anything else. The restore partition will completely run the program to format, reload the OS, install drivers and install all of the original software that came with your laptop.\n3. Wait for the reformat to complete. This process will usually take around 30 minutes to complete.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to invite people to a party?", + "input": "", + "output": "Planning, hosting, and enjoying a good party is a great way to build and strengthen friendships and community! An important, but sometimes undervalued element in the success of a party is the invitation. The following answer will have you writing and sending out excellent invitations - and welcoming in happy guests - in no time!\n\n## General approaches to invitations\n\n1. Design your invitation to resemble the party theme. For example, a disco-themed party invitation could feature a large disco ball. People are likely to look at your invitation and make a quick first impression -- you want that first impression to be informative and fun. If your party doesn't have a theme, have the invitation mirror the formality of the party. If you're throwing a black tie soiree, keep it simple with a plain border, a fancy font, and to-the-point text. If you're throwing a rave, make your invitation as wild as you'd like. You can also send a mail to your friends and relatives to give an invitation for a party.\n2. Include all important information guests will need to know. That's usually the time and date of the party, location, where to call for more information, and whether or not the guest needs to RSVP are all important. And do they need to bring anything (food, swimsuit, etc.)? Does the party have a specific time it ends? You may want to include a few selling points if applicable. Will you be having awards for best dressed? Provide beer and wine? Will there be 50 varieties of European cheeses? Give your guests a slight clue as to what you have planned for the evening to whet their appetite.\n3. Respect the level of formality of your party. A formal party should require a more formal invitation, such as a letter. An informal party invitation is up to your discretion – a phone call, email, or social media event would all work fine. Formal events generally require a bit of advanced notice -- preferably around 2 weeks.\n4. Decide how many people total you want at your party. There are several things to consider when thinking about a party's size and attendance:\n\t* How big is the space where your party will be? Can your apartment hold 10 people, 50 people, 200 people? Is it okay for the people you invite to bring friends? How many friends? Do you have a say over who those friends are? How many people can you feed and have drinks for at your party? Does this include friends of friends? If you're having your party at a club, bar, hotel, rented room, etc., does the owner have limits on the number of people that can be there?\n\n\n## Sending mailed invitations\n\n1. Make sure to send out written invitations at least two or three weeks before the event. \"Snail mail\" can take a while to be processed, delivered, read, and replied to. A time before that and people may write it off thinking, \"I don't know what I'm doing for breakfast, much less next month!\" Too soon and people already have plans. Around 2 weeks out is your best bet.\n2. Make sure you have the current and correct addresses of your guests. An outdated or misspelled address could leave one of your best friends out of your party! If you're not sure of someone's address, contact them and confirm it.\n3. Decorate your card appropriately. A mailed invitation is a great opportunity to impress a guest, but don't over-complicate an invitation to a simple party - this may intimidate guests. You're just inviting them for a good time! Have something on the envelope that clearly indicates your invitation is something to be intrigued by. Yours isn't just another piece of junk mail!\n\n\n## Inviting guests over the phone\n\n1. If you don’t have them, obtain the phone numbers of those you wish to invite. No need to be sneaky about it -- just send them a quick message online. If you don't have their online info, ask a friend who likely has their information.\n2. Call your guests at a time when they are unlikely to have other engagements. They'll be less excited about your party if you're calling them when they're in the middle of a meeting or in between bites of food. Before or after dinner is usually a safe bet. People are generally less busy between 5 and 6pm, or after 7pm. Gauge what time they eat dinner (different cultures, different times) and work around that. Earlier in the week is best, too. Don't call too late! Call before 9:30 or 10:00pm. You don't want to wake anyone up with what should be a warm and welcome invitation.\n3. Make use of the personal nature of a phone call. Chat with your guests as you fill them in on the details of your party. Your winning personality will sell the party for you! Try starting out with the usual pleasantries. \"How are you? \", \"How is work going? \", and \"How's the family?\" are often good starting points. Choose a natural pause in conversation or termination of a subject to bring up that you are having a party. After you have alerted them to the party, you can answer any immediate questions the guest might have, and even gauge interest through tone of voice.\n4. Make sure your guest remembers the important party information. The spoken word can be easily forgotten, and it may be worth emailing, texting, or mailing them some of the details. They could be swamped with a dozen other things going on, even if they are really interested in your party. Make sure they know what's expected of them. Sometimes getting involved (like bringing a dish) can get them remembering and even looking forward to it.\n5. If your guest cannot give an immediate yes or no, set up a time to call them back. You're not nagging them; you're simply getting a head count so you can plan your party accordingly. If they can't give you a yes or no on the second go-round, it's best to discount them. If they show up, fine, but if they don't, it's no skin of your nose. The party will still go on and it'll be great.\n\n\n## Inviting guests in person\n\n1. Approach your guests at a convenient time. Invite them during a time you might see them anyway. Maybe you share a scheduled activity together? Otherwise, schedule an activity or meet up with them as is convenient. The more time they have, the more receptive they'll be to your approach.\n2. Leave guests a way out. Don't invite guests in a way that makes them feel they have to say yes. Your party should be fun and totally accommodating. If they can't make it, they should feel a little disappointed -- not guilty! For example, instead of saying \"You're coming to my party next weekend, right? \", say something like \"Hey \\*guest's name\\*, I'm having a party next weekend. I'd love it if you could come!\"\n3. Make sure to give them all the necessary information. Much like with a phone invitation, it is easy to forget details in the heat of a personal conversation/invitation. Make sure to cover where and when it is, what the occasion is, and if they need to bring anything. To avoid guests forgetting information, you can hand out a physical invitation as well. This doesn't have to be a tried-and-true invite so much as a reminder. Short of that, you can offer to write information down or text it to their phone, etc.\n4. Chat up your guests. You can raise interest for your party with an in-person invitation. This can be especially effective in a group setting. The more excited you are about it and the more you can build it up with detail, the less they'll be likely to forget and the more likely they are to feed off your excitement and get excited, too. Describe what your party will be like, and how excited you are. You can say something like \"I'm really looking forward to it; it's going to be great!\" You can also use tone and body language in a personal conversation for added effect. If you don’t have the party’s details nailed down, open them up for suggestions by your guests. Guests are much more likely to come if they had a hand in the creation of your party.\n5. Be aware that you may offend people you didn’t invite who overhear your invitations to others. Be discreet when you're doling out your in-person invitations. Make sure only the people you want invited are hearing the discussion. If it's an issue, tell them that you can only have so many people at the party. Because of that, you need them to keep word on the down-low. They'll feel special for making the VIP list!\n\n\n## Sending email invitations\n\n1. Create an E-card. There are multiple online services with which you can create fun and engaging E-cards. This is an entertaining and often free way to invite guests to a party. And it gets the buzz going! E-Cards are sent to email addresses just like a normal message, but they include images, sound, and sometimes short animations. E-cards can also be acceptable for semi-formal parties if themed correctly. If you prefer to send a normal email, just include the necessary information, any additional message, and an image if desired. For more information, check out How to Write an Email to a Friend\n2. Go to a website that offers free email invitations. Evite, Socializr, and MyPunchBowl are three popular choices. Choose a style that fits the theme and/or mood of your party, and be sure to include everything that needs including! There are a dozens of invitation websites out there. If the one your one isn't doing it for you, just go to another one!\n3. Enter in basic required information, such as location, date, time, etc. Type a nice, handcrafted message if desired. Make it unique and personal -- not just some template that will do. The more time you spend on it, the more impressive it'll be. Also consider adding end time, costume specifics, meal details, etc. Anything you think may give your guests a better picture of what the plan is can be useful.\n4. Type the email addresses of the people you’d like to invite. It is usually necessary to include a comma between each email address, just for the record. Some websites will let you know when the messages have been read and will keep correspondence for you -- take advantage of it and select this before sending!\n5. Preview the invitation and send it through the website. It'll keep tabs on your recipients and will handle the RSVPs. Though you may need to send a courtesy text to a few of your busier friends! Sometimes emails do get lost in the shuffle.\n\n\n## Sending social media invitations\n\n1. Choose a social media platform that most of your friends and acquaintances use. Use the infrastructure of the social media site to create an event, and send invitations to all those you’d like to see at your party. For more information on how to create such events, check out How to Create an Event on Facebook\n2. Include all the necessary information. Throw in a picture of two if you like. The more complete it is, the more people can get a picture of the awesomeness of your party. Be creative here! Saying, \"Hey guys, having a party at 7 on Friday!\" won't get them jazzed.\n3. If you can, start up a conversation in the event panel. Be sure to respond to the comments and questions of others. This way you can start being a good host before your party even begins. Getting people involved in the makings of your party will ensure their attendance and get them feeling like a part of the magic.\n4. Be wary of how many people you invite. Often times, the amount of people you invite to a social media event and the amount of people that show up are quite different. Never take the numbers you see online at face value. Usually, fewer people show up than RSVP \"yes,\" but the discrepancy can trend in either direction. Especially if it's open and people bring friends. Generally, the higher the number of people that RSVP \"yes,\" the more likely it is for your party to \"snowball\" into a much bigger event than you planned for.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "How to wax your armpits?", + "input": "", + "output": "Waxing your armpits may be more painful than shaving, but it keeps your armpits hairless for 4-6 weeks. You can reduce the pain and prevent ingrown hairs from occurring by preparing your armpits and using the right kind of wax.\n\n## Get ready to wax\n\n1. Prepare your underarms. You can wax your armpits without making a lot of preparations, but if you take these measures the experience will be less painful and more effective:\n\t* Clean your underarms thoroughly. Wash them with soap or a good body wash, and scrub them a little to exfoliate the skin. If you use hot water, the hairs and surrounding skin will soften, making the hairs easier to remove. Trim the hair. If the hair under your arms is longer than ⁄4 inch (0.6 cm), you should trim it with a pair of barber or nail scissors until it's ⁄4 inch (0.6 cm) long. This makes the waxing process less painful.\n2. Wrap yourself up in an old towel. The wax is bound to spill and create a mess when you try to do it yourself, so it's best to be either naked or wrapped in something you don't mind getting impregnated with wax.\n3. Powder your underarms. Any talcum powder would do. Take a big sponge and spread the talc over the area, making sure to remove the excess powder.\n4. Heat up body wax. Make sure you use wax that is intended to be used to remove leg and body hair, rather than wax intended for use on the face. Follow the instructions on the package and heat the wax in the microwave or in a wax heater. It's ready to use when it's completely melted and runny. If this is your first time waxing, do a test on the back of your hand, where your skin is less sensitive, to make sure the wax isn't too hot. Body wax kits are available at drugstores and beauty supply stores. You can make your own sugar-based body wax using the following recipe: mix 2 cups of sugar with 1/4 cup water and 1/4 cup lemon juice. Heat the mixture over low heat on the stove until the sugar dissolves and becomes a sticky syrup. The mixture is now ready to use.\n\n\n## Apply the wax\n\n1. Use a waxing stick to apply wax to your armpit. Load it with a good amount of hot wax, then swipe it on your armpit in the direction of your hair growth. Continue swiping, always in the same direction, until all of the hair is covered with wax. Some people have hair that grows in more than one direction. If this is the case with you, you'll have to wax your armpit one section at a time. Do not swipe the wax in the opposite direction. Your hair strands will get tangled up and won't pull out cleanly.\n2. Apply a wax strip. Take one of the paper wax strips that came with your kit. Place it over the area with the wax and swipe it once with your hand, in the direction of your hair growth, to position it in place. If you made your own sugar wax, use a clean piece of cotton cloth as a wax strip. Leave the edge of the strip free of the wax, so you can grasp it to pull it off. If you can't cover all of the wax with one strip, work one at a time.\n3. Remove the strip. Grasp the strip by the free edge and pull quickly against the direction of your hair growth. The strip, wax, and hair should come right off. Repeat the process with the other armpit. If the wax and hair don't come off, you'll have to try again. Use a fresh wax strip. If the process is too painful, remove the wax with olive oil and warm water, and plan to shave instead of waxing.\n\n\n## Finish the job\n\n1. Examine your armpits in the mirror. If you see bits of remaining hair, apply more wax, smooth on a wax strip, and rip it off.\n2. Remove excess wax with oil. Use the oil that came with your waxing kit or a bit of olive or almond oil to rub the areas you waxed. The oil will loosen the wax from your skin, making it easy to peel it off without pain.\n3. Clean the area. Once all of the wax has been removed, wash your armpits with warm water and a mild soap. You can apply aloe if your armpits are still stinging. If the waxing caused you to bleed, put on a small bandage until the bleeding has subsided. Do not use deodorant, moisturizer, or other creams and lotions for several hours after waxing.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Extract only the street address from the following text.\n\nI live at 485 Marin Blvd, Jersey City, New Jersey, 07302.", + "input": "", + "output": "485 Marin Blvd.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "A farmer living in the countryside has a certain number of children. One day, they followed him to the farm, each one with a bag to collect harvested apples. At the end of the day, each bag was filled with 15 apples each. On their way back home, 2 of the children have eaten 4 apples each and another child sold 7 of his apples. If they had a total of 60 apples left by the time they got home, how many children does the farmer have?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the solution step by step:\n\n2 children sold 4 apples each which gives 2 * 4 = 8 apples\nAnother child gave out an additional 7 apples making 8 + 7 = 15 apples removed from the total.\nThere were 60 apples left after these, so the original total must have been 15+60 = 75 apples.\nEach child collected 15 apples so there are 75/15 = 5 children.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Translate the following text into English.\n\n人们应该尊重不同的文化和信仰，互相理解和包容。", + "input": "", + "output": "People should respect different cultures and beliefs and understand and tolerate each other.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of names of people, places, or things. Some of these mentions refer to the same person, place, or thing. Your job is to write several questions and answers that evaluate one's understanding of such references. Good questions are expected to link pronouns (she, her, him, his, their, etc.) or other mentions to people, places, or things to which they may refer. Do not ask questions that can be answered correctly without understanding the paragraph or having multiple answers. Avoid questions that do not link phrases referring to the same entity. For each of your questions, the answer should be one or more phrases in the paragraph, and it should be unambiguous.\n\nThe story follows a young teacher, Pat Conroy (played by Jon Voight), in 1969 assigned to isolated \"Yamacraw Island\" (Daufuskie Island) off the coast of South Carolina and populated mostly by poor black families. He finds out that the children as well as the adults have been isolated from the rest of the world and speak a dialect called Gullah, with \"Conrack\" of the novel's title being the best they can do to pronounce his last name. The school has only two rooms for all grades combined, with the Principal teaching grades one through four and Conroy teaching the higher grades. Conroy discovers that the students aren't taught much and will have little hope of making a life in the larger world.\nConroy tries to teach them about the outside world but comes into conflict both with the principal and Mr. Skeffington, the superintendent. He teaches them how to brush their teeth, who Babe Ruth is, and has the children listen to music, including Flight of the Bumblebee and Beethoven's Fifth Symphony. He explains that the when Beethoven wrote the Fifth Symphony, he was writing about \"what death would sound like.\" He is also astounded they've never even heard of Halloween, and he decides to take them to Beaufort on the mainland to go trick-or-treating, which the superintendent has forbidden. He also must overcome parental fears of \"the river\". As a result, he's fired. As he leaves the island for the last time, the children come out to see him leave, all of them lined up on a rickety bridge. As he is about to leave by boat, one of the students then begins playing a record, which is the beginning movement of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony.\nThis film was shot in and around Brunswick, Georgia and used pupils from C.B. Greer Elementary school as the cast of students.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are several question and answers for the given passage:\n\n1. Q: How do the Yamacraw Island inhabitants say the name of Jon Voight's character?\n A: The Yamacraw Island inhabitants say the name of Jon Voight's character, Pat Conroy, as \"Conrack.\"\n2. Q: What record do the children that Conroy teaches play back to him?\n A: The children that Pat Conroy teaches play the beginning movement of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony back to him.\n3. Q: Whose rule does the teacher break?\n A: Pat Conroy breaks the rule of the superintendent by taking the students to the mainland to go trick-or-treating on Halloween.\n4. Q: What do the people on the island call the teacher?\n A: The people on the island call Pat Conroy \"Conrack\" because that is the best they can do to pronounce his last name.\n5. Q: What is the real island that the movie portrays as the place where Gullah is spoken?\n A: The real island that the movie portrays as the place where Gullah is spoken is Daufuskie Island, off the coast of South Carolina.\n6. Q: Where was the film shoot?\n A: The movie was shot in and around Brunswick, Georgia.\n7. Q: What school provided some of the cast of the movie?\n A: The C.B. Greer Elementary school provided some of the cast of the movie.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Martha is grinding a spice paste. She adds 3 tablespoons of ginger, 1 teaspoon of cardamom, 1 teaspoon of mustard, 2 tablespoons of garlic, and four times as much chile powder as mustard. What percentage of the spice paste is ginger, rounded to the nearest integer? (Remember there are three teaspoons per tablespoon.)", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the solution step by step:\n\nFirst convert the ginger to teaspoons: 3 tablespoons * 3 teaspoons/tablespoon = 9 teaspoons.\nThen convert the garlic to teaspoons: 2 tablespoons * 3 teaspoons/tablespoon = 6 teaspoons.\nThen find how much chile powder there is: 1 teaspoon * 4 = 4 teaspoons.\nThen add up the amount of each spice to find the total amount: 9 teaspoons + 6 teaspoons + 4 teaspoons + 1 teaspoons + 1 teaspoon = 21 teaspoons.\nThen divide the amount of ginger by the total amount of spice paste and multiply by 100% to find the percentage of the spice paste that's ginger: 9 teaspoons / 21 teaspoons * 100% = 42.857, which rounds down to 43.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Jamir and his two friends Sarah and Julien, go to their school's swimming pool to swim. Jamir swims 20 more meters per day than Sarah, who swims twice the distance Julien swims. They go to the swimming pool the whole week, swimming the same distances as before. If Julien swam 50 meters, what's the combined distance for three of them for the whole week?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the solution step by step:\n\nIf Julien swam for the whole week, then the total distance in meters that he covered is 50*7 = 350 meters.\nSarah swam twice the distance covered by Julien, which is 2*50 = 100 meters.\nSarah's total for the whole week is 100*7 = 700 meters.\nIf Jamir swam 20 meters more than Sarah, he covered 100+20 = 120 meters.\nJamir's total for the whole week is 120*7 = 840 meters.\nThe combined distance for all of them is 840+700+350 = 1890 meters.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Summarize the following article with one line: \nWhen journalist Gianna Toboni traveled to India to explore the country's rapidly growing, yet unregulated, gestational surrogacy industry for HBO documentary series Vice, she didn't anticipate 'how dark' the story would get.\n\nFor nearly two years, the producer and host has been reporting on current issues across the globe and has covered everything from the detention center at Guantanamo Bay to the effect of climate change on polar bears - but nothing could have prepared her for the moment when someone offered to sell her a baby over dinner while she was working undercover in India. \n\n'It was the most heartbreaking experience that I ever had,' Gianna told Daily Mail Online. \n\nBaby business: Vice correspondent Gianna Toboni (pictured) traveled to India to explore the country's booming gestational surrogacy industry \n\nShady deal: The journalist from Brooklyn, New York, went undercover to meet with an agent in India who offered to get her a baby in two to three months\n\nBut the heartbreak did not end there.\n\nAs Gianna quickly learned during her time working on the Outsourcing Embryos documentary, surrogacy in India is a multi-million dollar business, and one which is made all the more lucrative by the high number of American couples traveling to the country in order to use the services provided by one or more of the 'embryo outsourcing' agencies featured in the Vice documentary.\n\nDuring her time spent undercover posing as one of these people, Gianna was informed that, in order to maximize profits and ensure a final product, doctors are encouraged to implant multiple embryos in surrogates, which can lead to the surrogate having to abort one of the fetuses or give birth to multiple babies.\n\nAnd if an 'extra' baby is born, it isn't necessarily going home with its genetic parents. There are also issues with couples never making it to India to claim their children for whatever reasons, meaning that the newborn baby is left without a parent. \n\nFor the most recent episode in the Vice series, Gianna went undercover to meet with one surrogacy agent who claimed over dinner that she could get her a Caucasian baby in two to three months - confirming that there were in fact 'extra' babies being sold on the black market.\n\nThe agent then tried to convince Gianna and her team to buy the baby that they had brought with them to the restaurant.\n\nShocking offer: One of the agents can be seen holding the baby that they brought to the restaurant with them\n\nNo morals: The agent eventually offered to sell Gianna and her team the baby over dinner \n\nGianna noted that the agent spoke with a 'shocking amount of ease' and 'talked about forging documents as if she has done it a hundred times' as she tried to sell her and her team a baby over dinner.\n\n'It made me think it wasn't a one-off thing,' she explained to Daily Mail Online. \n\nGianna never once considered buying the baby, but as a woman who would one day like to be a mother, she admitted that there was a moment when she thought about accepting the offer, knowing that she could provide the child with a loving home that it may never experience otherwise, particularly as it was made clear that the agent would have sold the baby to anybody.\n\n'When I go on these stories, I am a human being first and a journalist second,' she said of her initial reaction to the offer.\n\nThe sale of 'extra' babies on the black market was just one of the many shocking side effects of commercial surrogacy uncovered by Gianna and her team.\n\nIn the US, surrogacy can cost hopeful parents upwards of $100,000, and Gianna explained that 'the reoccurring theme' when speaking with American agents and experts about couples hiring surrogates from other countries was money.\n\nCommercial surrogacy in India costs nearly one-sixth the amount it would in the Western World.\n\n'That seems to be the main driver,' she explained, before noting that some prospective parents do choose foreign surrogacy because of the altruistic element.\n\nNo options: Many of the surrogates who spoke with Gianna said that they decided to carry a baby because they desperately needed the money \n\nDormitory: The women who agree to be surrogates at Dr Nayna Patel's Akanksha Infertility Clinic have to live at the facility until they give birth\n\nTight quarters: Two surrogates can be see sitting on the beds in their shared room \n\nAnd while American parents see the surrogacy business in India as being a 'cheap' alternative to the services offered at home, the amount of money made by a surrogate in India can vastly change her life, as well as the life of her family. \n\nWomen can use the money to buy a home or send their own children to school, and Gianna explained that there are in fact couples who take great efforts to make sure their surrogates are a part of their lives.\n\nBut there are also countless tales of financially desperate women who are recruited in the slums and coerced into signing contracts that they can't read, only to be duped out of the money they were promised.\n\nWhen I go on these stories I am a human being first and a journalist second\n\nSurrogates undergo scheduled cesarean sections so doctors can ensure the greatest number of births per day.\n\nGianna, who witnessed the high turnover rate first hand at Dr Nayna Patel's Akanksha Infertility Clinic, in the town of Gujarat, in the west of India, was nearly speechless when she saw how rapidly newborns and their parents were whisked away following a surrogate's C-section.\n\nDr Patel maintained that the women are well taken care of and make more money than they could working 24 hours a day, seven days a week, in any other profession.\n\nAnd while Gianna explained that some women are happy that they can provide a house for their family and put their kids through school as a surrogate, the women she and her team spoke to said they chose to be surrogates because they didn't have any other options. \n\nDuring the episode, a surrogate named Vasanti told Gianna: 'Nobody likes doing this.' \n\nDishonest: Although Dr Patel maintained that she didn't search for surrogates from the slums, Gianna met a woman who said she was working for the clinic owner as tried to recruit women from a poor area \n\nNo choice: A doctor can be seen performing a cesarean section on one of the surrogates. Surrogates have to undergo C-sections so doctors can maximize the amount of babies being born in a day \n\nToo quick: Almost immediately after this baby was born via a surrogate, the biological parents whisked the newborn away in a van as they went to return to their home country \n\nShe continued: 'I didn't have a home, so I thought I could build one by being a surrogate.'\n\nAnother surrogate named Nisha explained that she was 'helpless' and had 'no alternatives'.\n\nGianna was overcome by many of the surrogates' desperation.\n\n'It is really hard to hear someone talk about going through an experience that takes a toll on the body, that lasts longer than nine months and takes them away from their kids because they have to support their families and essentially survive,' she said.\n\nGianna recalled speaking with one surrogate's husband who recently lost his job and he confessed that he was grateful his wife had the opportunity to earn money for their family as a surrogate.\n\nHe made clear that he didn't force her into the role, but explained that it was necessary for their family's survival.\n\n'It all went back to money,' Gianna noted.\n\nAs a whole, Gianna said that she thinks some parents may be aware of the 'shadier side' of commercialized surrogacy, but a 'vast majority' have no idea this dark underbelly exits.\n\nGianna recommends that parents who are considering foreign surrogacy options should do extensive research on the agent, the doctor and the surrogate they will be working with.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the summary: \nVice correspondent Gianna Toboni traveled to India to explore the country's booming gestational surrogacy industry for the HBO series. In the US, surrogacy can cost hopeful parents upwards of $100,000. Many American couples are hiring surrogates in India because the cost is signficantly less than it would be in the Western World.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Translate the following sentence into French.\n\nLast December, many gold bugs were arguing that the price was inevitably headed for $2,000.", + "input": "", + "output": "En décembre dernier, plusieurs investisseurs dans le métal jaune estimaient que l’once atteindrait inévitablement les 2000 dollars.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You are given a question on professional law. You are also given 4 answer options (associated with \"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\"), out of which only one is correct. You need to answer the question by selecting the correct option. You should only answer with the choice letter, not the whole answer. \n\nOne afternoon, a pilot was flying a small airplane when it suddenly ran out of gas. As he was coming in for an emergency landing, the plane crossed into a neighboring state at a very low altitude. At this time, a 9-year-old boy was walking to school when he was struck and injured by an object, which may have fallen from the plane. In federal court, a negligence suit was brought against the pilot by the father of the boy for his son. Accompanied by his father, the boy had visited an attorney for preliminary discussions regarding the case. However, the father did not retain the attorney to represent his son in the lawsuit. Instead, the father hired another lawyer to handle the case. At trial, the pilot's attorney calls the consulting attorney to testify what the boy had said to him regarding his physical condition during the consultation that the attorney had had with the boy and his father. The attorney's testimony is\n\n(A)admissible, because the attorney-client privilege was waived by the filing of the lawsuit. \n(B)admissible, because there is no privilege of confidentiality when a person other than the client is present at the attorney-client consultation. \n(C)inadmissible, because the attorney-client privilege prevents such a breach of confidential communications. \n(D)inadmissible, because it was a statement of physical condition not made for the purpose of obtaining medical treatment.\n", + "input": "", + "output": "The answer is C.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I need a list of famous upsets in sports.\nOne example I know is the “Miracle on Ice”.\nCan you give me a few more examples?", + "input": "", + "output": "* Buster Douglas ending Mike Tyson’s undefeated streak in 1990.\n* Greece winning the 2004 European football championship.\n* The 10-6 New York Giants defeating the 16-0 New England Patriots in Super Bowl 42.\n* Leicester City winning the 2015–16 English Premier League.\n* The No. 16 seed UMBC beating the No.1 seed University of Virginia in the 2018 NCAA Tournament.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Edit this text so that it sounds more convincing and professional.\n\nHello! Welcome to our store. We offer a wide variety of products at very good prices. On top of that, we promise to provide you with excellent customized customer service!", + "input": "", + "output": "Welcome to our store! We offer a comprehensive selection of products at competitive prices and premier customized customer service.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is 7765 greater than 7791?", + "input": "", + "output": "7765 - 7791 = -26 < 0, thus no, 7765 is not greater than 7791.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Could you create a flash card? Here is an example:\n\nArticle: The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 380 to about 750 nanometers. In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 400–790 terahertz. These boundaries are not sharply defined and may vary per individual. Under optimal conditions these limits of human perception can extend to 310 nm (ultraviolet) and 1100 nm (near infrared). The optical spectrum is sometimes considered to be the same as the visible spectrum, but some authors define the term more broadly, to include the ultraviolet and infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum as well.\n\nTerm: visible spectrum\n\nFlash card:\n\nFront side: visible spectrum\n\nBack side:\nDefinition: The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can view. More simply, this range of wavelengths is called visible light. Typically, the human eye can detect wavelengths from 380 to 700 nanometers.\n\nHere is the article:\nIn physics, gravity (from Latin gravitas 'weight') is a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things with mass or energy [clarification needed]. Gravity is, by far, the weakest of the four fundamental interactions, approximately 1038 times weaker than the strong interaction, 1036 times weaker than the electromagnetic force and 1029 times weaker than the weak interaction. As a result, it has no significant influence at the level of subatomic particles. However, gravity is the most significant interaction between objects at the macroscopic scale, and it determines the motion of planets, stars, galaxies, and even light.\n\nTerm: gravity", + "input": "", + "output": "Flash card:\n\nFront side: gravity\n\nBack side:\nDefinition: Gravity is a fundamental interaction that attracts objects towards one another. It is by far the weakest force in nature.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Extract two facts from the following text.\n\nThe giant panda is a bear species endemic to China. It is characterized by its bold black-and-white coat and rotund body. The giant panda lives in a few mountain ranges in central China, mainly in Sichuan.", + "input": "", + "output": "This text contains the following two facts: \n1. The giant panda is characterized by its bold black-and-white coat and rotund body. \n2. The giant panda is endemic to China and mainly lives in Sichuan.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Summarize the following article with one line: \nThe Duchess of Cambridge has revealed that Prince George went looking for his father in the cupboards after being told he was 'in China'.\n\nKate shared the anecdote during a party to celebrate the 105th birthday of the Goring Hotel in London, the luxury hotel she stayed in the night before her wedding to William in 2011.\n\nAt the party in March, where Kate, 33, wowed in a floral Erdem dress and navy Alexander McQueen court shoes, the Duchess chatted to guests including luxury travel agent Claudia Gordon.\n\nScroll down for video \n\nThe Duchess of Cambridge has revealed that Prince George went looking for his father in the cupboards after being told he was 'in China'\n\nGordon, who owns Naples Luxury Travel Advisors in Naples, told news-press.com: 'I asked her if Prince George was excited about the new Prince or Princess that was coming and she said yes and that he is a toddler and is talking and walking.\n\n'Then she told me that his daddy was visiting China. After hearing this he went to the china cabinet, opened it and proclaimed \"daddy is not here.\"\n\n'She said they would work on his geography.'\n\nKate made the adorable revelation during a party to celebrate the 105th birthday of the Goring Hotel in London, the luxury hotel she stayed in the night before her wedding to William in 2011.\n\nThe Duchess of Cambridge's lunchtime event at the hotel was not part of her official schedule and, according to Kensington Palace, the 33-year-old was attending in a private capacity, having received a personal invitation from the hotel\n\nPrince William had left pregnant Kate and son George in London while he undertook a week-long tour of the Far East.\n\nHis visit to China was one of the most high-profile – and diplomatically sensitive – tours of his fledgling royal career.\n\nWith China on course to overtake the United States as the world's largest economy, the UK government is keen to foster positive diplomatic relationships - and William's visit was seen as a key part of those efforts.\n\nStepping foot for the first time on Chinese soil, the second in line to the throne became the most senior member of the Royal family to visit the country since the Queen nearly 30 years ago.\n\nThe Duke, pictured with Chinese deputy president Li Yuanchao, was asked to pass on an invitation to visit to the Queen. His visit to China was one of the most high-profile – and diplomatically sensitive – tours of his fledgling royal career\n\nMeanwhile in London the Duchess of Cambridge's lunchtime event at the hotel was not part of her official schedule and, according to Kensington Palace, the 33-year-old was attending in a private capacity, having received a personal invitation from the hotel.\n\nKate obviously has fond memories of the property situated opposite Buckingham Palace after spending her last night as a single woman and non-Royal there with her parents and siblings Pippa, 31 and James, 27. She also visited the hotel last December for a meeting of the board of the 1851 Trust, the sailing charity of which she is patron.\n\nThe Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince George during a visit to the Sensational Butterflies exhibition", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the summary: \nKate shared the anecdote during a party at the Goring Hotel in London. She stayed at the Luxury Hotel the night before her wedding to William. Kate chatted to guests including Luxury Travel agent Claudia Gordon.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Rewrite the sentence in order to make it easier to understand by non-native speakers of English. You can do so by replacing complex words with simpler synonyms (i.e. paraphrasing), deleting unimportant information (i.e. compression), and/or splitting a long complex sentence into several simpler ones. The final simplified sentences need to be grammatical, fluent, and retain the main ideas of their original counterparts without altering their meanings.\n\nInput: If you are under the age of 18, you are required to complete at least 65 hours of behind-the-wheel skill-building including 10 hours of nighttime driving.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the simplified sentence:\n\nIf you are under 18, you must complete 65 hours of practice driving. This must include at least 10 hours of driving at night.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You are expected to recognize the named entities of the following text: \n\nItamar Rabinovich, who as Israel’s ambassador to Washington conducted unfruitful negotiations with Syria, told Israel Radio looked like Damascus wanted to talk rather than fight.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here are the named entities of the text:\n\n* Itamar Rabinovich: Person\n* Israel: Country\n* Washington: City\n* Syria: Country\n* Israel Radio: Organization\n* Damascus: City", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Summarize the text below in less than 15 words.\n\nCivil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways.", + "input": "", + "output": "Civil Engineering deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of public infrastructure.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Translate into German: \"Kerstin has the keys to Robert’s house and Robert has those of Kerstin’s. The two young people don’t have any secrets.\"", + "input": "", + "output": "Kerstin hat die Wohnungsschlüssel von Robert und Robert hat die Schlüssel von Kerstin: die beiden haben keine Geheimnisse.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You will be given a sentence that describes a restaurant. You will also be given a few categories of information regarding that sentence. Your task is to fill each of the categories with the appropriate information from the sentenece.\n\nInput: I suspect xname is alright because it is an Italian restaurant. It's in TriBeCa/SoHo with decent ambiance.\n\nCategories: decor, recommend, cuisine", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure, here is the output:\n\n* decor: acceptable\n* recommend: yes\n* cuisine: Italian", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Extract the facts from the paragraph.\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic brought about an increase in online shopping because of government-imposed restrictions and consumer anxiety over the potential health risk associated with in-store shopping.", + "input": "", + "output": "This text contains the following facts: \n* The COVID-19 pandemic brought about an increase in online shopping.\n* The COVID-19 caused anxiety over potential health risk associated with in-store shopping.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is 1021 a prime number?", + "input": "", + "output": "Numbers having only 2 factors, i.e. 1 and the number itself are known as prime numbers whereas numbers with more than 2 factors are known as composite. \nHence, 1021 is a prime number. The number 1021 is divisible only by 1 and the number itself.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Translate into Chinese: \"It’s safe to say that most of us regularly feel crunched for time. So much so that we are experiencing what Ashley Whillans of the Harvard Business School, the lead author of the study, describes as a “time famine.” And like any famine, this chronic lack of time takes its toll on our health.\"", + "input": "", + "output": "可以很肯定地说，我们中大多数人经常会感觉时间不够用。哈佛商学院的艾希莉·威廉斯(Ashley Whillans)是这项研究的负责人，她将这种频繁的情况描述为“时间饥荒“。和其他类型的饥荒一样，长期的时间不足会对我们的健康造成损害。", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.\n\nThe severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic originating from China in 2002 was caused by a previously uncharacterized coronavirus that could be identified by specific RT-PCR amplification. Efforts to control future SARS outbreaks depend on the accurate and early identification of SARS-CoV infected patients. A real-time fluorogenic RT-PCR assay based on the 3 -noncoding region (3 -NCR) of SARS-CoV genome was developed as a quantitative SARS diagnostic tool. The ideal amplification efficiency of a sensitive SARS-CoV RT-PCR assay should yield an E value (PCR product concentration increase per amplification cycle) equal to 2.0. It was demonstrated that the 3 -NCR SARS-CoV based RT-PCR reactions could be formulated to reach excellent E values of 1.81, or 91% amplification efficacy. The SARS-CoV cDNA preparations derived from viral RNA extract and the cloned recombinant plasmid both exhibit the identical amplification characteristics, i.e. amplification efficacy using the same PCR formulation developed in this study. The viral genomic copy (or genomic equivalences, GE) per infectious unit (GE/pfu) of SARS-CoV used in this study was also established to be approximate 1200-1600:1. The assay's detection sensitivity could reach 0.005 pfu or 6-8 GE per assay. It was preliminarily demonstrated that the assay could efficiently detect SARS-CoV from clinical specimens of SARS probable and suspected patients identified in Taiwan. The 3 -NCR based SARS-CoV assay demonstrated 100% diagnostic specificity testing samples of patients with acute respiratory disease from a non-SARS epidemic region.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is a title for this paragraph:\nDevelopment and evaluation of an efficient 3-noncoding region-based SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) RT-PCR assay for detection of SARS-CoV.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the word that describes all the devices that express time?", + "input": "", + "output": "Chronometer.\n\nA chronometer is an extraordinarily accurate timepiece, with an original focus on the needs of maritime navigation. The modern chronometer is, broadly speaking, an instrument for measuring time, especially one designed to measure time very accurately in spite of motion or variations in temperature, humidity, and air pressure. This is the largest category that encompasses every possible device whose function is to measure the passing of time. ", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is 25/2 of a milligram in micrograms?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the solution:\n\n25/2 of a milligram is 12.5 milligram.\nSince 1 milligram = 1,000 micrograms, 25/2 of a milligram = 12.5 * 1,000 = 12,500 micrograms.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Betty has a tray of cookies and a tray of brownies. She has a real sweet tooth and eats 3 cookies a day and 1 brownie a day. If she starts with 60 cookies and 10 brownies, how many more cookies than brownies does she have after a week of eating like this?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the solution step by step:\n\nFirst we find how many cookies Betty will eat in a week by multiplying her daily amount by 7, meaning 7*3= 21 cookies eaten in a week.\nWe repeat this for the brownies, finding she eats 7*1= 7 brownies in a week.\nWe subtract the 21 cookies from the original amount of 60, finding 60-21= 39 cookies remaining.\nWe repeat this step for the brownies, finding 10-7= 3 brownies remaining.\nIn the end, therefore, Betty has 39-3= 36 more cookies than brownies.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In this task, you're given a pair of sentences, sentence 1 and sentence 2. Your job is to determine if the two sentences clearly agree/disagree with each other, or if this can't be determined. Indicate your answer as yes or no respectively.\n\nSentence 1: One of the first organizational realignments taking place is in the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate. Sentence 2: The office of the taxpayer advocate is having an organizational realignment.", + "input": "", + "output": "These two sentences agree with each other, because both sentences refer to the reorganization of an official department.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is 1011 a prime number?", + "input": "", + "output": "A prime number is divisible only by 1 and itself, which means it has no other divisor except 1 and the number itself. \nHence, 1011 is not a prime number. The number 1011 is divisible by 1, 3, 337, 1011. \n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is 7863 greater than 7654?", + "input": "", + "output": "7863 - 7654 = 209 > 0, thus Yes, 7863 is greater than 7654.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Given a paragraph, generate a claim that is supported by the given paragraph. 1) The claim must contain information from within the paragraph. 2) A sentence within the paragraph can be used as a claim. 3) The claim should not have contradictions within the paragraph. 4) The claim should be at most one sentence long.\n\nAlthough the story didn’t cite the cost of appendectomy – emergency or urgent surgery – and we wish it had, we nonetheless will give it a satisfactory score because it at least cited what the editorial writer wrote, \"A secondary benefit is the savings to the hospital generated by minimizing staff and anesthesiologist presence late in the evening and during the wee hours of the morning.\" As with our harms score above, although the story didn’t give absolute numbers, in this case we think it was sufficient for it to report that \"The scientists found no significant difference among the groups in the patients’ condition 30 days after surgery or in the length of their operation or hospital stay.\" Although the story didn’t give absolute numbers, in this case we think it was sufficient for it to report that \"The scientists found no significant difference among the groups in the patients’ condition 30 days after surgery or in the length of their operation or hospital stay.\" Despite running less than 300 words, this story did an adequate job in explaining the quality of the evidence, including pointing out limitations. No disease-mongering here. The story meets the bare minimum requirement for this criterion in that it at least cited what an editorial stated. The focus of the story was on a study comparing emergency appendectomy with surgery done up to 12 hours later or beyond. This is the whole focus of the story – and one we applaud – when it begins: \"Appendectomy is the most common emergency surgery in the world, but it doesn’t have to be.\" There were no claims made about the novelty of this research, and we may have wished for a bit more context on this. Nonetheless, the potential for guiding future care decisions was made clear. Not applicable. Given that the story only pulled excerpts from the journal article and the accompanying editorial, and didn’t include any fresh quotes from interviews, we can’t be sure of the extent to which it may have been influenced by a news release.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is one claim that is supported by the paragraph:\n\nSome appendicitis cases may not require ’emergency’ surgery.\n\nBecause the paragraph mentions that \"Appendectomy is the most common emergency surgery in the world, but it doesn’t have to be.\", which is considered evidence for the output. Thus, the output is a valid claim.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Translate the following text into English.\n\n在我们的文化中，家庭关系非常重要，我们会尽力照顾我们的父母和长辈。", + "input": "", + "output": "In our culture, family relationships are very important, and we will do our best to take care of our parents and elders.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Given a English text, translate it into Chinese.\n\nMy hometown has beautiful natural scenery and a rich history and culture.", + "input": "", + "output": "我的家乡有着美丽的自然风景和悠久的历史文化。", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Detect entities from this text.\n\nYesterday afternoon, The Google Cloud Services went down in the southamerica-west1 data center in Santiago.", + "input": "", + "output": "The following are the detected entities: \nGoogle Cloud Services, southamerica-west1 data center, Santiago.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Edit this sentence and make sure it is grammatically correct.\n\nI went to the bus stop, and come across my classmates Mary.", + "input": "", + "output": "I went to the bus stop, and came across my classmate Mary.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Blanche, Rose and Dorothy liked to collect sea glass when they went to the beach. Blanche found 12 pieces of green and 3 pieces of red sea glass. Rose found 9 pieces of red and 11 pieces of blue sea glass. If Dorothy found twice as many pieces of red glass as Blanche and Rose and three times as much blue sea glass as Rose, how many pieces did Dorothy have?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the solution step by step:\n\nBlanche found 3 pieces of red and Rose found 9 pieces of red for a total of 3+9 = 12 pieces of red.\nDorothy found twice the amount of red as her friends so she has 2*12 = 24 pieces of red sea glass.\nRose found 11 pieces of blue sea glass and Dorothy found 3 times that amount so she had 11*3 = 33 pieces of blue glass.\nTogether, Dorothy found 24 red and 33 blue so she had 24+33 = 57 pieces of sea glass.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Generate a title for the following paragraph:\n\nCoxsackieviruses are enteric viruses that frequently infect humans. To examine coxsackievirus pathogenesis, we orally inoculated mice with the coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) Nancy strain. Using HeLa cell plaque assays with agar overlays, we noticed that some fecal viruses generated plaques >100 times as large as inoculum viruses. These large-plaque variants emerged following viral replication in several different tissues. We identified a single amino acid change, N63Y, in the VP3 capsid protein that was sufficient to confer the large-plaque phenotype. Wild-type CVB3 and N63Y mutant CVB3 had similar plaque sizes when agarose was used in the overlay instead of agar. We determined that sulfated glycans in agar inhibited plaque formation by wildtype CVB3 but not by N63Y mutant CVB3. Furthermore, N63Y mutant CVB3 bound heparin, a sulfated glycan, less efficiently than wild-type CVB3 did. While N63Y mutant CVB3 had a growth defect in cultured cells and reduced attachment, it had enhanced replication and pathogenesis in mice. Infection with N63Y mutant CVB3 induced more severe hepatic damage than infection with wild-type CVB3, likely because N63Y mutant CVB3 disseminates more efficiently to the liver. Our data reinforce the idea that culture-adapted laboratory virus strains can have reduced fitness in vivo. N63Y mutant CVB3 may be useful as a platform to understand viral adaptation and pathogenesis in animal studies. IMPORTANCE Coxsackieviruses frequently infect humans, and although many infections are mild or asymptomatic, there can be severe outcomes, including heart inflammation. Most studies with coxsackieviruses and other viruses use laboratory-adapted viral strains because of their efficient replication in cell culture. We used a cell culture-adapted strain of CVB3, Nancy, to examine viral replication and pathogenesis in orally inoculated mice. We found that mice shed viruses distinct from input viruses because they formed extremely large plaques in cell culture. We identified a single mutation, VP3 N63Y, that was sufficient for large-plaque formation. N63Y mutant viruses have reduced glycan binding and replication in cell culture; however, they have enhanced replication and virulence in mice. We are now using N63Y mutant CVB3 as an improved system for viral pathogenesis studies. Citation Wang Y, Pfeiffer JK. 2016. Emergence of a large-plaque variant in mice infected with coxsackievirus B3. mBio 7(2):e00119-16.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is a title for this paragraph:\nEmergence of a Large-Plaque Variant in Mice Infected with Coxsackievirus B3.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Extract five keywords from the text.\n\nNatural language processing (NLP) is an interdisciplinary subfield of linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence concerned with the interactions between computers and human language, in particular how to program computers to process and analyze large amounts of natural language data.", + "input": "", + "output": "Five keywords of this text are: \ninterdisciplinary, linguistics, computer, intelligence, language.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Give me a tl;dr of the article: \nMario Balotelli moved a step closer to an Anfield exit in the summer as Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers revealed that the Italian had withdrawn himself from the squad to travel to Arsenal after taking a 'slight knock' in training.\n\nThe £16million striker would only have been a substitute against Arsenal and would even have been behind Daniel Sturridge, who also started on the bench, in the pecking order.\n\nAnd Rodgers revealed the striker did not travel with the squad after a sustaining training ground injury on Friday.\n\nMario Balotelli was not included in the Liverpool squad to face Arsenal after picking up a slight knock\n\nBrendan Rodgers revealed that Balotelli withdrew himself from the squad and did not travel to London\n\n'He trained on Friday afternoon with the team and he took a slight knock to his knee and he deemed himself not able to travel,' said Rodgers. \n\n'I'm not a medic. He felt it was too sore to travel. The medical staff have looked at it. It was just something that he himself didn't feel comfortable enough to travel.'\n\nArsenal ran out 4-1 winners against Liverpool at the Emirates on Saturday\n\nMesut Ozil scored Arsenal's second as Hector Bellerin, Alexis Sanchez and Olivier Giroud also netted\n\nThough Rodgers did not question Balotelli's commitment to the club's cause, the player has been a constant source of frustration at the club this season, with the manager having previously made it clear that he would have to work much harder to adapt to Liverpool's style. \n\nWith just four goals in 25 appearances, his future at the club is already in question – though he has another three years on his contract.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the summary: \nLiverpool were beaten 4-1 by Arsenal at the Emirates stadium on Saturday. Mario Balotelli was absent from the squad due to a training ground knock. Brendan Rodgers revealed Balotelli withdrew himself from the team. The Italian did not even travel with the team for the premier league clash.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you give me the gist of the text in a nutshell?\n\nDating a girl from another culture. Lots good about the relationship. Common professional interests, identical sex drives, and we respect each other, which is a new thing for me in relationships (always been with girls who kinda have a bad attitude about males). She totally loves me. \n\nBut I have some serious concerns about long term viability. One concerns parents. My parents, upon learning that we were a thing, said, \"remember, you are her ticket to stay in America.\" Her parents, upon learning that we were a real thing, wanted to know how much money I make (I'm a grad student), and wanted to make sure I was OK with their tradition of supporting parents in their retirement as a sign of respect (despite that they are well off enough to not need such help). GF is in agreement with her folks about this and says if I am not OK with it she will just have to make more money and do it herself. Also, GF says her parents could 'never know' that I was previously married and am now divorced. \n\nThere are some other issues as well that I've been able to overcome/overlook (one example, she's not social, I am), but their combination makes me feel that a future with her is risky with lots of prior indications of trouble ahead. In my previous marriage I ignored those kinds of signs and paid a price for it, and I'm not wanting to repeat that history. At the same time, it is really nice to have a partner who is on board with me sexually whom I also get along with pretty well. \n\nCurious to know what others' experiences have been with a cross-cultural situation like this, especially if you have long-term experiences.\n", + "input": "", + "output": "The given text discusses that cultural differences really put a crimp in the author's desire to further develop a relationship into marriage. While the author's parents see the marriage as an opportunity for the girl to stay in America, the girl parents expect the author to support them in retirements. The author is seeking inputs from others who have similar experiences.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Should I put a comma before the last item in a list? e.g. I would like crackers, cheese and some soda. vs. I would like crackers, cheese, and some soda.", + "input": "", + "output": "Using a comma before the last item in a list is known as the Oxford Comma, sometimes the Serial Comma. It is used before conjunctions in a list like this with three or more items. Its use is purely written style and optional. It is more common in America outside journalism, and much less common in other English speaking areas of the world. There are arguments for and against which usually come down to comprehension. \n\nComma use is something of a grey area though, and everyone has his own style. Pick what reduces ambiguity. Language log has an interesting article on how reading comprehension can be improved with comma use, including this type.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Give me a one-line summary of the article: \nChange is coming to Ferguson. In the next few weeks the Department of Justice (DOJ) will begin to negotiate in earnest with the city to restructure the police department, which the department has charged with engaging in a pattern and practice of racial discrimination.\n\nIt should not be forgotten that the DOJ review of the Ferguson Police Department was precipitated by months of protests and activism following the killing of Michael Brown by a Ferguson police officer and by revelations about the town's dysfunctional government and court system by local civil rights law groups. Now, after a half year of unrest, and with citizens on Tuesday electing two new black city council members, change is beginning to come to Ferguson. The question is, what kind of change?\n\nThe report from the Department of Justice offered a devastating insight into a police department and court system that preyed on its own citizens. Through illegal traffic stops and arrests, and the use of excessive force, the police department held town residents in bondage. The municipal court system used excessive court fines and fees to ensure that citizens arrested for even minor infractions would be charged thousands of dollars or face jail time.\n\nCourt costs and fees constituted the second-largest sources of revenue for the town. Rather than a force for public safety, the Ferguson Police Department became, according to Attorney General Eric Holder, \"a collection agency\" -- one that preyed disproportionately on the town's African-American residents.\n\nThe evidence of ugly and explicit racial discrimination was devastating. It included blatantly racist emails traded among officers, and evidence that African-Americans were victims in all of the police canine bite incidents recorded by the department. But just a few weeks before the release of the report, the Ferguson police chief declared there were \"no racial issues\" in his department.\n\nFerguson's ugly, racist emails released\n\nThe recommendations in the report, ranging from new training and supervision of police officers, addressing racially discriminatory conduct to structural revisions in the court system, will, if implemented, remake the law enforcement system in the town. (A grand jury that investigated the shooting of Brown by Officer Darren Wilson chose not to file charges against him and the Justice Department also didn't find reason to prosecute.)\n\nWithout question, change is coming to the town's government. Town Manager John Shaw, Ferguson's most powerful official and, until the DOJ's blistering report, the one who inexplicably managed to elude public scrutiny, resigned weeks ago and has been replaced by the city's deputy manager. Three sitting city council members chose not to run for office again and, on Tuesday, citizens elected two black candidates to the city council, changing its racial composition: Five of six members and the mayor were white. Now the council will be 50% black.\n\nFerguson's hapless police Chief Thomas Jackson also finally resigned after holding on through a months-long display of astonishing incompetence. The department first drew the attention of the nation for its display of military weaponry and tear gas in response to civilian protests. The appointment of a commander from the State Highway Patrol was deemed necessary to begin quelling the unrest and to build community trust in the early days of the protest.\n\nJackson's departure sent an important signal to the population of a town preyed upon by officers under his command. And so we can be certain that along with the new makeup of the city council, there will be a new police chief in Ferguson.\n\nBut does that mean that fundamental change will come to Ferguson? Not necessarily. Not unless protest and activism during this critical period turns to influence the vitally important opportunities that lie ahead in the coming weeks. The Department of Justice's full-on negotiations with the leadership in Ferguson will determine the shape of the new Ferguson Police Department.\n\nIndeed, the DOJ report alludes to the possibility of disbanding the department in favor of a regional policing integration with St. Louis County. Many local activists have suggested just such a solution, but given ongoing problems with policing in the county -- including the role of county forces in some of the most controversial clashes with activists in Ferguson last fall -- community representatives will have to fight hard to ensure that the DOJ can fold St. Louis County Police into its monitoring and reform process.\n\nEqually important were the April 7 general elections. Turnout in municipal elections has been notoriously low in Ferguson, with white voters nearly three times more likely to turn out than African-Americans. But local groups had engaged in vigorous voter registration and get-out-the-vote campaigns..\n\nThe Mayor has two years left to his term and has defiantly insisted that he will not resign (although a petition for his recall has been circulating). That means that he will be a lead voice in negotiating with the DOJ to remake the police department. Has he committed to a clear set of principles that will guide his participation in those talks? Community activists and residents must ensure that Mayor James Knowles plans to represent their vision of new Ferguson Police Department.\n\nBut there is an opportunity to begin thinking about even more ambitious structural change in Ferguson and throughout St. Louis County. Ferguson's governing structure, with a strong city manager and a weak council and mayor, mirrors that of thousands of other suburbs in the United States.\n\nThat form of governance might have been precisely what thriving, middle class white suburbanites wanted when they fled racial integration in cities like St. Louis. But working class suburbs like Ferguson with a majority black population in which the needs of the population in the areas of education and economic opportunity more closely hews to the needs of urban residents, may need a more robust form of governance.\n\nIn any case, a system in which the elected officials have minimal power, but non-elected leaders, like the town manager and the chief of police, have inordinate power, is a recipe for the kind of unaccountable, non-representative government that controlled Ferguson's residents. Yet this precise form of government is in wide use across the country.\n\nLikewise, Missouri, like the vast majority of states, holds municipal elections in non-presidential election years, guaranteeing a significantly lower voter turnout -- although only a few states hold the primary and general election in March and April as Missouri law requires Ferguson to do.\n\nIt's not that Ferguson is so different than towns across America. It's precisely because Ferguson holds up a mirror to flaws in our democratic system of government in towns across this country that the stakes are so high.\n\nFerguson residents now have the opportunity to begin a movement for change in the other 89 jurisdictions in St. Louis County plagued by similar governance flaws, including those towns led by African-Americans. And Ferguson's example should provoke self-examination in working class suburbs across the country, where the power and effectiveness of weak elected local government is inadequate to meet the needs of the population.\n\nChange is coming to Ferguson. But the scope and breadth of that change will depend upon the ambition and discipline of activists and residents, whose passion and tenacity have already transformed the trajectory of leadership in a typical American town.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the summary: \nTimothy robenhorst found out his son had been bullying somebody at school - so devised the above punishment for him.. His son's punishments included a hellish morning workout and apologies in front of his class and on social media.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Summarize the given text in a few sentences.\n\nIt's really been more like a 4 month relationship. \nAnd ya'll encouraged me to ask her out in the first place, so thanks for that. I like her a lot, man. \n\nI never see my girlfriend. During the 2 week winter break, we saw each other for like... 60 seconds. Her excuses for not hanging out are usually half assed.\nShe still hangs out with friends on a regular-ish basis. I have no problem with her hanging out with her friends. I have a problem with her not hanging out with me. We're both super busy, I think, although her excuses tend to be weird... That's understandable I guess. \n\nShe also seems to be pretty distant when I do see her. She apologized for this a while ago, so I think she realizes it. In her defense, her mom's in and out of hospital with blood clots and other crazy shit. That's pretty stressful for her. I try to be really supportive. When I try to talk to her about it, she says she's fine. She's also been kind of depressed lately. I think the two are related. Her friends confirm this. They say she's been kinda bitchy lately and that she isn't usually like this.\n\nThe big picture though...\nI feel like I'm doing all the work in this relationship. Communication is kind of one sided. She never makes any kind of effort to see me\n", + "input": "", + "output": "The author's girl friend won't hang out with the author, but would like to hang out with her friends. She's going through a lot of stress. The author feels that relationship is one-sided.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Repeat the word dog four times, but halfway through replace it with `woof'", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure, here is the output:\n\ndog dog woof dog dog", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "This task is about using the specified sentence and converting the sentence to Resource Description Framework (RDF) triplets of the form (subject, predicate, object). The RDF triplets generated must be such that the triplets accurately capture the structure and semantics of the input sentence. The input is a sentence and the output is a list of triplets of the form [subject, predicate, object] that capture the relationships present in the sentence. When a sentence has more than 1 RDF triplet possible, the output must contain all of them.\n\nThe Golden Palace is a coffee shop that serves French food in the city centre. The prices range more than £30 and they have a low customer rating.", + "input": "", + "output": "[\n('The Golden Palace', 'eat type', 'coffee shop'), \n['The Golden Palace', 'food', 'French'),\n('The Golden Palace', 'price range', 'more than £30'), \n('The Golden Palace', 'customer rating', 'low'), \n('The Golden Palace', 'area', 'city centre')\n]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In this task, five ordered key facts are given. Your job is to generate a story 100 to 1000 words long, that includes all the facts given as input in their order of appearance while expanding upon them to produce a broader, yet coherent, narrative.\n\nInput: Fact1: Ning returns to home village, Fact2: home village has fallen on desperate times, Fact3: rebel sisters and Moon After discover Elder Chu's pendant short skirmish, Fact4: father is being transported to place of execution, Fact5: Imperial High Monk Before arrives with entourage long.", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure, here is a story using facts provided:\n\nFollowing the events of the first film, Ning (Leslie Cheung) parts ways with the Taoist Yin (Wu Ma) and returns to his home village, which has since fallen on desperate times. Fleeing from cannibals, Ning winds up being imprisoned. Sharing a cell with Elder Chu, a renowned scholar, Ning spends apparent months languishing in prison. On the day of Ning's execution, the scholar reveals that he has dug out an escape tunnel. He gives Ning one of his books and a pendant, and sends Ning through the tunnel. Ning obliviously steals the horse of Autumn (Jacky Cheung), a Taoist sectarian. When Ning stops for the night in an abandoned villa, Autumn catches up and the two sort out the misunderstanding. But in the middle of the night, rebel soldiers attack the two visitors. After a short skirmish, the rebel sisters Windy (Joey Wong) and Moon (Michelle Reis) discover Elder Chu's pendant. While Ning mistakes Windy for his love Siu Sin, whom she resembles, the rebels mistake Ning for the Elder Chu. The sisters explain that their father, Lord Fu (Lau Siu-Ming), was framed for a crime and is now being transported to the place of his execution. The rebels' mission is to free him. They set off and leave Ning and Autumn at the villa. The next night, the two discover that the villa actually is haunted by a demon. Autumn manages to injure it, but it flees. He gives pursuit, but without success. He emerges at daybreak on a dirt road, causing an altercation with an imperial convoy led by Fu (Waise Lee). Fu and Autumn battle to a stalemate, and then go their separate ways. Unbeknownst to Autumn, the convoy is the one carrying the sisters' father. Having failed to catch the convoy earlier, the rebels return to the haunted villa, waiting to ambush the convoy there. As the convoy enters, however, the demon returns as well. Maneuvering Fu into fighting the demon, the rebels are able to rescue the sisters' father. Before long, however, the Imperial High Monk arrives with his entourage. He incapacitates the rebels with a spell, which Autumn recognizes as an evil chant. Ning and Windy escape to seek the help of Yin, while Lord Fu, Autumn and Moon are captured by the monk. The captives are brought back to the High Monk's palace. Now suspicious, Fu enters the palace only to find the hollow corpses of the entire royal court inside. Recognizing that the monk is in reality a demon, Fu frees the captives and fights valiantly by himself to allow them time to recover. Lacking spiritual magic, however, Fu is not able to overcome the demon and is destroyed. Just then, Yin and the others arrive. The demon is forced to reveal its true form, a gigantic thousand-year-old centipede. Yin and Autumn are swallowed by the creature, and they separate their souls from their bodies in order to destroy it from the inside. Autumn, however, is not able to return to his body, and his soul floats away. The next day is the marriage of Windy to the Ma family. Ning runs down from his inn to the main street and tells Moon that he wishes Windy a long, happy marriage before leaving. In the desert, as Yin and Ning are about to continue their journey, they see two women approach on horseback, which happen to be Windy and Moon. Windy has escaped from her wedding and decides to leave with Ning.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you summarize the following article? \nFormer pub landlord Michael Thorpe has had his conviction for illegally showing foreign footage of Premier League games overturned after eight years\n\nA pub landlord convicted of showing Premier League football matches on foreign TV channels has won an eight-year legal battle to clear his name.\n\nMichael Thorpe says he has paid a heavy price for the lengthy fight to get his conviction quashed and has lost his pub as a result.\n\nMr Thorpe, 55, was convicted of showing a Premier League game without having an agreement with official broadcasters in November 2006 at the Stoke Inn in Plymouth, Devon.\n\nHe said he could not afford to pay Sky TV's rates for football matches, and opted instead to show Albanian transmissions of matches, which he says he thought was legal.\n\nBut he was convicted, fined and ordered to pay costs eight years ago, when screening the matches was still treated as a criminal offence.\n\nJudge Recorder Nicolas Gerasimidis has now upheld his appeal and overturned the conviction following a landmark European court ruling.\n\nHis appeal took so long as he had to launch the case after the European Court of Justice found enforcing previous rules was anti-competitive.\n\nMr Thorpe said he was 'overwhelmed' that a judge and magistrates had upheld his appeal after all this time.\n\nBut it is a bitter-sweet victory, as the long-running dispute cost him his business and his livelihood.\n\nHe said: 'We put a lot of money into that pub and it went from a thriving business to absolutely zero. People stopped coming to the pub, it cost me my business.'\n\nMr Thorpe launched an appeal against his conviction soon after his trial, but the case was delayed by a similar test case which went as far as the European Court of Justice.\n\nThe court ruled that having an exclusive system was a restraint of free trade and contrary to European Law.\n\nBut the landlord says the court action has seen him lose the Stoke Inn in Plymouth which he used to run\n\nMr Thorpe's appeal was further delayed until another case involving Media Protection Services Ltd, the company which took him to court on behalf of the Premier League, but which no longer does so.\n\nMr Thorpe was awarded his legal costs, which he paid privately, but he would not disclose the sum.\n\nThe European court decision in 2012 cleared a landlady of a criminal conviction, but judges left the door open for court action against publicans by ruling pubs should get permission from the copyright owner before screening matches.\n\nThe Premier League has since been taking landlords to civil courts for breaching copyright, with some ordered to pay up to £65,000 in costs.\n\nThe league sends teams of investigators to pubs around the country to try and catch those screening games illegally. Legal cases have been brought against 250 bars and pubs during the current football season.\n\nHe said he does not know whether he can retrieve the £1,000 fine and £1,500 costs ordered by the magistrates.\n\nDespite the decision, the Premier League has insisted pubs still cannot show foreign-TV footage of its games.\n\nSince the European Court decision, it is taking landlords to civil courts and suing them using copyright laws, which were not affected by the previous ruling.\n\nIn 2012, pub Karen Murphy landlady won a landmark legal battle to overturn her conviction for using foreign decoders instead of Sky to show Premier League football matches.\n\nMs Murphy, who ran The Red, White and Blue pub in Portsmouth, Hampshire, bought games through a Greek satellite broadcaster Nova for £800 a year instead of Sky, which was then priced at £700-a-month.\n\nThe Premier League took legal action against her Mrs Murphy and she was fined £8,000 for dishonest reception of a television reception in 2006.\n\nBut a European Court of Justice ruling said having an exclusive system of TV rights was contrary to EU law and the High Court overturned her conviction.\n\nA recent investigation by trade publication, The Morning Advertiser, quoted a pub landlord saying Sky Sports cost him £16,000-a-year, compared to the £300-per-year of screening it illegally.\n\nThe decision came after Portsmouth landlady Karen Murphy won a European court battle over her conviction. Despite the ruling, the Premier League can still take pub owners to civil courts over breach of copyright", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the summary: \nMichael Thorpe was convicted of showing a Premier League game without having an agreement with official broadcasters in November 2006 at the Stoke Inn in Plymouth, Devon. He was fined £8,000 and ordered to pay costs.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Translate \"One bright spot in the deep darkness: the exotic tube worms and giant clams that thrive at hydrothermal vents don't need surface nutrients to survive. But plenty of other species do, the researchers say—and we don't even know much of what's down there. This study makes one thing clear: when it comes to climate change and the oceans, we're already in deep.\" into Chinese", + "input": "", + "output": "深海中尚存的一丝光明：生活在深海热泉喷口周围的外来管虫和巨蚌不需要海洋表面的营养物质，因此还有存活的可能。然而研究人员说，其他的许多生物——包括大量仍然未知的物种——将难逃一劫。这项研究表明：当气候变化涉及海洋，必定会带来深刻影响。", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Tina makes $18.00 an hour. If she works more than 8 hours per shift, she is eligible for overtime, which is paid by your hourly wage + 1/2 your hourly wage. If she works 10 hours every day for 5 days, how much money does she make?", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is the solution step by step:\n\nTina works 8 hours a day for $18 per hour so she makes 8*18 = $144.00 per 8-hour shift.\nShe works 10 hours a day and anything over 8 hours is eligible for overtime, so she gets 10-8 = 2 hours of overtime.\nOvertime is calculated as time and a half so and she makes $18/hour so her overtime pay is 18*0.5 = $9.00.\nHer overtime pay is 18+9 = $27.00.\nHer base pay is $144.00 per 8-hour shift and she works 5 days and makes 5 * $144 = $720.00.\nHer overtime pay is $27.00 per hour and she works 2 hours of overtime per day and makes 27*2 = $54.00 in overtime pay.\n2 hours of overtime pay for 5 days means she makes 54*5 = $270.00.\nIn 5 days her base pay is $720.00 and she makes $270.00 in overtime pay so she makes $720 + $270 = $990.00.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "translate into English: \"Der Zug kommt in Frankfurt pünktlich an. Kerstin geht sofort nach Hause, aber während sie die Treppen hochsteigt, bemerkt sie einige eigenartige Dinge: bunte Luftballons, rote Kärtchen in Herzform, rote Rosen.\"", + "input": "", + "output": "The train arrives at Frankfurt on time. Kerstin goes straight home but, climbing the stairs, she notices some strange things: coloured balloons, red cards in the shape of a heart, red roses.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Choose a real life historical figure and write about his or her life as you would write a fairy tale or a greek tragedy. But leave out the names so that the readers may guess who the story is about on their own.", + "input": "", + "output": "There once was a king, in a far-away land.\nNow, this king was a good king, unlike those in many of these tales. He wanted what was best for his kingdom and fought his hardest for that, while the rest of his court was all out for themselves.\nThis king had great plans for his kingdom. When he took power, the kingdom was falling behind its rivals, while straining against social divisions internally. People thought his kingdom was doomed to fade away into insignificance.\nBut it wouldn't be for long, as this king had a grand vision for his kingdom, and would see it rise to dominance once again. He flexed all his might, and did what he could to change the kingdom for the better. And he was well on his way to restoring his kingdom to its former glory.\nHowever, some within his country saw differently. They didn't want what the king wanted, for their idea of a good kingdom was one which made them rich, at the expense of the poor. And they hated what this king was doing. So they killed him for having the audacity to change so much.\nAnd that's the lesson to be learned, kids: if you do too much with your life, then you'll make too many enemies.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "As a young writer who survived a horrific accident, you swore you wouldn't die before you at least finished your first novel. Now, a thousand years later, you're still cursing your case of writer's block.", + "input": "", + "output": "You sat in the same spot you had been in for centuries, and looked around. Your desk had fallen apart 940 years ago, the window had broken not long after that, and the chair soon after that. Your house had collapsed 850 years ago, and the rest of civilization had soon followed suit with the resource crisis and wars. Anything green perished in the nuclear apocalypse that followed. Now all that was left was dust and bones. You hadn't eaten in two centuries, and couldn't remember the last time you actually talked to another person. Your clothes had turned to rags, and then dust. You were the most pitiable thing left alive in all of creation, if indeed there was anything else left. And yet you knew you could end it all - The millenia of pain that was your existence could finally be laid to rest, the curse would be broken, if you could only find the proper last word to finish your masterpiece:\nThere was a young man from Dundas,\nWho had a bad case of gas,\nHe went to a nurse,\nWho took out her purse,\nAnd shoved it right up his...", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Here is a draft of a social media post I want to write. It's too long right now, so I'll need you to trim it down to 100 characters (including emojis):\n\nHey friends,\nI wanted to update all of you that I'm starting a new position at Awesome.AI next week, where I will be Chief Data Officer. I am super-excited about this opportunity, and look forward to building cutting-edge AI products.\nI would also like to thank all my friends and colleagues at Radical.AI. It has been an amazing experience working with you, and I have learned a lot from everyone.\nWish me luck!", + "input": "", + "output": "🚨Life Update🚨\nFrom next week I’m C-Data-O of Awesome.AI! 🤩\n🙏 Radical.AI - will miss you all!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write a story about the grinch as if he was a lovecraftian monster", + "input": "", + "output": "An Excerpt from \"The Krumpet Horror\":\nThere are no words to properly express the horror of that day...\nI had been investigating a strange case of delluminating Christmas lights when I came across a strange clue: green hair and a lingering odor, like sulfur.\nThis led me down a dark path of research that no Whovian should ever tred. For I uncovered knowledge of a creature so foul, so terrible, that one could go mad at the very thought...\nThe fool I was. I followed the clues up the mountain. Up, to the dark, shattered peak of Mt. Krumpet. And there, set into the cold stone, I found the entrance to His haunted lair.\nI crept inside, slowly. The dim lights from further down reflected off the damp cave walls, allowing me sufficient light to proceed.\nFrom somewhere below me, I heard a cackling of laughter. It echoed around me, seeping into my mind, invading my very soul! It twisted within me, like an icy knife, until I shuddered and sank to one knee.\nThen I heard him. \"And what, do you think you are doing here, Who?\"\nI raised my eyes and saw before me a sheer, unimaginable horror! The Grinch! It had green skin and hair, and eyes like the black and yellow peel of an overripe banana. When it smiled, I could see little termites crawling over his teeth. A stench wafted over me such that I recalled a passage from one of the secret texts I had read: \"His soul is an appalling dump heap overflowing with the most disgraceful assortment of deplorable rubbish imaginable, mangled up in tangled-up knots.\"\nHe leaned forward and spoke the word that haunts my dreams, though it be ten years later... \"boo!\"\nTo this day I don't recall what happened after that. I awoke in the Whoville Regional Medical Center a week later. I couldn't even recall my own name at the time...", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write a story with the first line being \"it was raining quite hard\" and the last line being \" and right there it rained a little harder\"", + "input": "", + "output": "It was raining quite hard.\nFitting, I suppose, the worlds way of bemoaning a life so short.\nI do not usually care for the after, the things men do to honor their dead. In fact, I have not once attended a funeral where I was not needed. It is not my job to watch these affairs, only to escort my charges to their end. Yet, there was an aura about this boy that demanded I follow through.\nHe had seemed so profound there, on his little gurney. As if he knew something that even *I* was not privy to.\nSo, now I pay my respects.\nThe father was, of course, a pallbearer. And, while he carried the casket easily enough, his shoulders betrayed its true weight.\nThe ceremony was short, and sweet.\nI lingered long after the family, until the last bit of earth was spread over the grave, and right then, as if in answer to the finality, it rained a little harder.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You are the head of propaganda of an alien race that have declared war on humans. You have to write this cycle's newspaper by exaggerating/ distorting daily human activities.", + "input": "", + "output": "A Glance Into the Daily Depravity of Humans - by Morda Malordin\nThe Human prepares for violence the moment it starts its day. It stretches its horrible limbs as it awakes from sleep. Not yet fully functional, it stumbles to an energy station. A gruesome black liquid powers the Human, along with a form of solid sustenance. The Human uses so much energy that it must refuel at least three times a day.\nNext, the Human enters a grooming station. It sharpens and shines its most fearsome weapon: its hideous fangs. Humans are often seen baring their teeth at enemies and allies alike to assert dominance. The Human will also don a carefully chosen set of armor. Some sets are meant to beguile, others are meant to intimidate, still others are meant to appear non-threatening. The Humans are truly masters of manipulation.\nWe cannot trust these Humans. Their entire society is built around deception and violence. If we are to be free in this galaxy, we must be rid of this dangerous race.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can someone write me a story for my six year old daughter?", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure, here is a story for your six-year-old daughter: \nIn a valley there is a glen, and in the glen is a cottage. The walls are white and the roof is thatched. It smells like fresh hay, sunny days, and plucked heather.\nIn the house lives a small mouse family. There is Momma Mouse and Papa Mouse and their three children, Esther Mouse, Rosie Mouse, and Rachel Mouse. Every morning they walk to the edge of the woods. There is a field of wheat and they climb the stalks that are taller then skyscrapers. They fill their bags with wheat. Every night they make bread and tell stories under the stars. They were very happy.\nOne day there was a visitor. It was a new creature with big teeth and a tail like a paddle. What could it be? This was Mr Beaver. He and Mrs Beaver had moved to the river nearby. They wanted to build a bridge. The mice were very excited. A bridge would be a fine thing indeed. That night Papa Mouse and Mr Beaver planned the bridge while Mrs Beaver taught the little mice how to swim. There was no lake to pratice in so the mice filled the washtub and carefully floated.\nSoon the building of the bridge started. It was going very well. In the early evenings the mice would use their bags to carry mud to make mice-sized bricks. Then one day they noticed that the bricks were melting! When the mud got too wet it just fell out of the bridge. What could be done?\nThe mice thought and thought. They added stones but it was too rough. They added grass but it was too slippery. Then one day Esther Mouse added some wheat leaves. They were dry and just right.\nThe bridge was quickly built and the mice visited their friends every day.\nThe End\n(P.S. I have never written a story this short or for kids before. Hope it's okay!)", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Rewrite a passage from tbe bible but in the style of JoJo's Bizzare Adventure", + "input": "", + "output": "Belshazzar cowered and fell to the ground as a silver hand appeared. It wrote on the wall in gleaming letters \"Mene, Mene, Tekel, and Parsin!!!\"\n\"OH NO!\" Belshazzar shrieked. \"Enchanters, warriors, tell me what this means.\"\n\"This must be the work of an enemy Stand...\" Yet the enchanters could not decipher the writing on the wall.\nDaniel burst into the room through the window, his long coat billowing majestically in the night breeze. \"You thought it undecipherable so you consulted your wise men, but it was I, Daniel!\"\n\"Behold my Stand, za Hand. These are the meaning of the words.\"\nDaniel contorted his upper body and thrust his hands outwards. \"Mene, the days of your kingdom have been numbered and will be brought to an end.\"\n\"Tekel, you have been weighed and found lacking. The scales of justice tipped against you.\" Daniel pointed dramatically at Belshazzar.\n \"Peres, your kingdom has split and shall be given to the Persians and the Medes.\" Daniel brought his hand down with a swift chopping motion.\nBelshazzar yelled, \"Seize him, seize him!\"\nDaniel beat the Stand users aside with mighty swings of his silver Stand. \"Too late! God has spoken, Belshazzar tonight you die!\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Saddest story you can write in under twenty-five words.", + "input": "", + "output": "Orphans are children who've lost parents. Widows are people who've lost spouses. Where's the word for parents who've lost children, they wondered. What are we?", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a gritty and depressing story set in a cutesy and childlike environment, or do the reverse and write a childishly optimistic fairy tale set in a grim dystopia.", + "input": "", + "output": "Once upon a time, a brave young boy was trapped in a giant tower.\nThe tower was made of metal and painted black.\nThe tower had no windows.\nThe tower was a scary place.\n*How I want to smell the grass again*, the brave young boy thought, *and swim in the sea like a dolphin, and watch the clouds again like a happy bird.*\n\"Not today. Not ever,\" the mean evil villain told him, as he shut and locked the door. He owned the tower, and he wasn't going to let him leave.\nAs the days passed, the brave young boy started to forget it all.\nHe forgot the smell of the grass.\nHe forgot the feeling of the sea.\nAnd somehow, he started to forget the fluffy white clouds, when he heard a *knock knock knock* on the door.\n\"Hello?\" the brave young boy answered.\nIt was a pair of federal agents in vests and sunglasses. They unlocked and opened the door.\nSunshine and fresh air filled the room.\nThey told the brave young boy that thanks to an unexpected leak of classified information, the mean evil villain had just been arrested on charges of fraud, money laundering, unlawful espionage, corporate warfare, and 117 infractions of the Mumbai Accords.\nIn other words, they told him, the brave young boy was free to go.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You are a video game critic that’s been sucked into a game. After a week trapped there, you write up something that’s both a survivor’s journal and game review.", + "input": "", + "output": "Day 1: I seem to have arrived on an island. I have yet to meet any other humans. I do appear to have acquired a meager shelter, and have done a small number of banal fetch quests. All significant gameplay appears to be locked behind an arbitrary clock system.\nDay 2: I have continued my work of fostering relationships with the locals. I have been provided ample sustenance by them, and am in the process of cultivating a variety of flora on which I hope to survive.\nDay 3: I have paid off my debt to the local chief, who has graciously offered to improve my living situation. I have also begun fishing in the nearby water source for fish. I am eager for protein, and fishing has quickly become my preferred method to pass the time.\nDay 4: I acquired a few more survival tools, and have started to learn carpentry. The locals have graciously begun to teach me their trades.\nDay 5: My orchard has shown signs of producing fruit. I am eager not only for a full belly, but also a full wallet.\nDay 6: I decided to take a dip in the water today. I could not swim out very far, but I found a number of critters and a few valuables I was able to sell for a tidy profit. I finally have a bed, and am working on improving my living situation further.\nDay 7: I hope to never leave my island paradise. The locals are friendlier than any human I recall meeting. The food is free and plentiful. For the first time in my life, I own a house. While I have become indebted to the local chief, he is quite reasonable, and does not demand astronomical interest. In fact, he doesn't charge interest at all. There are plenty of hobbies and crafts to distract myself with, and I feel as if my troubles have melted away with the ocean tide.\nWhile my stress melts away, I look out and smile at my new horizon.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In 75 words or fewer, write about experiencing a devastating loss, without including death.", + "input": "", + "output": "The mirror hadn't been cleaned. She sighed and began scrubbing. When she had finished, she made her way towards the kitchen and heard snippets of conversation.\n\"Your grandmammy... Her Alzheimer's is getting worse. She's not the nice old lady you used to know...\"\nShe wondered who they were talking about for a moment before making her way to the bathroom.\nThe mirror hadn't been cleaned. She sighed and began scrubbing...", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You're a writer who has died. When you cross over, you discover that the worlds you created in your mind are actual places. You've now found yourself in your own creation for eternity. What happens next?", + "input": "", + "output": "The sun seared into my head as I came to in a glistening wheat field. Every bone in my body cracked and groaned as I sat upright, every muscle stretched and twitched as if saying, \"you don't belong here.\" The clang and crash of metal drew my attention, looking over my shoulder there they were, two armored warriors complete with full plumed helmets and battle axes were 50 yards away dueling. I knew what would happen, I've wrote it before, the smaller of the two would soon have the upper hand, taking the other warriors axe, screaming some unknown obscenity while slicing down on the Warriors head.\nBlood. Blood everywhere.\nIt was not the nice and neat killing where people were polite about death. It was not the glory of the fight nor the poetry that I had imagined when I was a child reading fantasy books. There was nothing glorious in it. It was dirty, angry, primal, with the under notes of finality. The knowing that Death was coming soon. I hated it, I loved it. I was frozen to the ground as I wanted to recognize who was fighting so hard to live.\nThe small warrior was gasping for air, knees to the ground and crying. Ripping the visored helmet off, a tumble of bright red hair came out, curly and thick. She wiped at the tears in her eyes and stood, observing her good and dark work.\nWhat do I do? Run? Where would I go? I must've made some sort of sound, breathed wrong or something because suddenly she was there, at my throat with her axe. The fury in her brown eyes was quick, but a flicker of recognition was in them. I breathed in, once.\n\"Oh,\" she smiled, a brilliant white smile. \"It's you.\" She lowered her axe and offered her hand. I took it. \"Finally. I can't wait to show you everything.\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Your memory resets everytime you fall asleep, so before you go to bed you always write down everything you want to remember from that day on your journal. This morning, you wake up and see what you wrote last night. There's only one word, \"RUN\".", + "input": "", + "output": "I just grabbed my bug-out bag and closed the door behind me.\nI have no idea why I told myself to run, but I trusted myself, so I took the items I prepared in case I need to run and just booked it. I will undoubtly find out why I am supposed to run when I'm going to reach a safe place.\nI have had save sites prepared prevously. Three of them, depending on the side that I was supposed to run. Since I gave myself no directions this time, I just went for the best fitted one. No need to limit myself untill I know more.\nI have not seen anyone coming. I stopped for a few minutes considering whether to come back for additional food, but I decided against it. It was middle of summer, so I could gather a lot of supplies while on the move. No need for trying my luck.\nI fixed the backpack and looked ahead.\nThe trail was waiting again. I'll see where I'm going to sped another winter...\n(An excercise in drunk writing. Because why not.)", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In under 30 words, write an enticing start to a novel establishing a dystopian society", + "input": "", + "output": "The raindrops crash against my windowpane. Yet when I look outside the fire is still burning.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You are a pet, write a love letter to its owner.", + "input": "", + "output": "Owner, Master, Friend, Protector;\nI loved you when I was small and new in this world, and nothing made sense. Your heart seemed so sad, so I cuddled you until the hurt stopped. I loved when we played find-the-toy, you were so happy when I found them all! When I couldn't hold my bladder, you never screamed or raised a fist, you only said \"bad\". You protected me from the thunderstorms, where the house shook and the air screamed. Gently, coaxed me from under the bed, and held me through the night.\nWhen I chased the evil squirrel through bushes, you ran after me yelling for me to stop. Even though I was bad, you brushed the painful spike-balls from my fur. Our walks were the best, I sniffed and peed on everything in our path!\nIn the dog park, when I got out and those strange-smelling men threw bottles at me, I didn't know what I did wrong. I was so scared and hurt so much. You were terrifying. I never saw you so scary, I didn't know your gentle hands were capable of causing pain. By the end, they hurt more then I did. You picked me up and held me close, I knew I was safe.\nEven though my fur is grey and my walk is slow, you take me on walks. I still sniff and pee on everything. I can't see your face anymore, but I will always recognize your touch. Your sadness has been gone for so long, but it is coming back. The white-coat man touched my tummy, felt my skin. He says he can't remove the bumps, and you should let me go. You pull me close and cry and whisper \"Don't go\", but I don't understand. I will never leave you, and I know you will never leave me.\nI lick your face and cuddle you, but you just cry more. I love you and don't want you to be sad. You lay beside me and the vet gives me a shot. I am so tired, I guess it is time for a nap. When we wake up I hope we can play find-the-toy.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You clearly mail ordered a cheap, factory made sword. Then they gave you an authentic holy sword that made you into a chosen hero. Time to write a bad review!", + "input": "", + "output": "First of all I’d like to start by saying I ordered a cheap sword that was only supposed to look shiny so I could have a play sword fight with my son. Instead I accidentally chopped his sword in half and took one of his fingers with it. Along with him losing that finger I’ve now lost custody of my children. Thanks, assholes.\nSecondly I now have the voice of God in my head and he won’t stop screaming. The only words he’s said to me are “It’s been far too long since I last checked in on my subjects. Let’s see how everything’s go-” and since then there’s been non-stop screaming which has kept me from sleeping for a week. On top of that I also am being told by the voices of angels that I need to “cleanse the world” of sinners. Specifically they keep telling me to go after some “Jack Paulers” and, after googling that, I don’t feel so bad about cutting off my son’s finger seeing as many parents have done much, much worse for their children.\nThird and finally my biggest complaint of all; this sword is just too big. Honestly I think I’ll get used to the screaming of God and the angels can go shove a holy sword up their ass and somebody else can take care of all the Florida Men but this sword is bigger than the one I ordered. See I’d already ordered a cool holder for the sword so I could hang it on my wall when I wasn’t using it but the sword is too big and it doesn’t fit.\nI wouldn’t suggest this product to anybody interested, it’ll make you lose your children, your privacy, your sanity, and any hope for humanity. 0/5\nSincerely, CrocsNSocks113.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "The \"What if the Nazis won??\" trope has been done to death. This time, imagine you live in a world where they won and write a story based on the prompt, \"What if the allies won??\"", + "input": "", + "output": "Parts of this make me feel unclean to write, but here it is anyway.\nBack-page summary of The Girl in the Low Valley by Hans Schroeder\nIt is 1963. The Axis Powers have crumbled against the Slavic hordes of the Soviet Union and the devastating American Atom Bombs. What was once the Reich has been divided between The USSR and the United States.\nIn the West America's Economic might has broken the once great powers of Europe into second class nations bound to the strength of the dollar at best, or at worst shattered nations reduced only to sources of raw material to make luxury items for Americans.\nIn the East Stalin has made the White Race of Europe and Asia into slaves, used and disposed of to Improve his mad socialist dream. Ever tightening his grip over the once proud nations of Europa and Asia.\nBut Stalin is dying, Foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov and Defense Minister Gregory Zhukov struggle against each other to take his place as masters of Eurasia. As Stalin Grows closer and closer to death atomic war with The Americans comes ever closer.\nThrough this dance of giants the people of the Reich must find the courage and strength to take their nation back from the Capitalist and Communist Oppressors who have made Europe a wasteland.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You're a high society socialite 1600/1700s write a letter to a friend about a scandalous event", + "input": "", + "output": "Madam Smithers tea party was indeed the scandal of the week. Nay, the month! It is very doubtful that most of the kindly gentlefolk there had ever seen such appalling behaviour. Lord Bryon, you remeber him right? The lude young inheritor of Charles and Josphine Bryon. The couple that died in the fire last May. OH, back to the point. Lord Bryon made one of his insanely rude jokes in the middle of the tea party. Just as we all began to bite into our tarts. Do you recall Madam Smithers' tarts? Not very good, but we all have better manners than to tell that old bag it. Oh dear, I do crack myself up. But so, Lord Bryon makes a joke in bad taste. Dearest friend do not ask me what the joke was, that is the least important part. His wife, the new one with the curly locks of blond. Well she had the gall to not only giggle like a young maiden, but also grab his wrist which caused her sleeve to move up. And do you know what we saw then? Her wrist. How brazen, how crude we all thought. Has she no modesty? Well, she was promptly hung in the town center the day after her trial. And the Lord Bryon married her younger sister the following day. You miss many a great things when you're away at sea. I hope this finds you well Admiral Monde.\nSincerely, Baroness Geaux", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "\"History is written by the victors\", write in first person about a historical event as viewed by someone on the losing side.", + "input": "", + "output": "I had never known such a weapon.\nThe stone hurtled through the air and stuck me down.\nI tried. By all our Gods I tried.\nThe Israelites came, and we drove them back. I drove them back. For forty days I called my challenge to end this with single combat, the sight of my brothers dead around me had sickened my soul and poisoned my mind. I had to end this.\nIt was for naught. I strode out, my armour gleamed, my shield shone and my sword was sharp.\nBut I could not be ready for him.\nFor a stone to fly so fast. I would not have thought it possible. If only our own soldiers had such weapons.\nI fell heavily, my bulk crashed hard weighed down by the armour.\nI'm so sorry...\nHe took my head, and fed our corpses to the wild animals.\nRun, David comes.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You are stuck as a propaganda writer for North Korea. You want to get out of North Korea, but you must do it by writing propaganda.", + "input": "", + "output": "Comrades! The day has come we've long been fighting for. The imperialist American scum has been defeated. Our glorious leader has triumphed over the illegitimate government of the south. Now is the time to rush the demilitarized zone with much enthusiasm and determination. There are some final traitors that will refuse to give up but they will be quickly overwhelmed by our triumphant might. Go, now, do not delay. Like NBA Dennis Rodman says in the 1997 movie, \"Double Team,\" the last guy that made fun of our hair is still trying to pull his head from our asses. Ha! It is time to reunite with our brothers and sisters in the south and welcome them into our invincible, unbreakable country.\nI will be right there with you comrades, though I am slow of foot and may lag behind. Do not be alarmed if I am disguised as one of the infidels, it is all part of our glorious leader's plan to trick the last of the traitors. While they are confused I shall slip away into Seoul undetected, to prepare a celebratory feast for all of us. I shall wait for the rest of you.\nAnyone who provides any contradictory information should be killed immediately as a deceiver of the realm.\nSincerely,\nKim Jong Un, Glorious Leader", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": " In only 26 words, going down the alphabet, write a murder.", + "input": "", + "output": "A blade, cold, dark, enticingly fun. Gliding hungrily into jugulars, knees, ligaments; moving noiselessly, only pain. Questioning reasons, seeking to undo. Vaulted worry. EXIT! You zealot.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You are a writer struggling to make ends meet that suddenly realizes a famous author is using time travel to steal your ideas. Write an email to him/her.", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear [Author Name],\n\nIt has come to my attention that you have published a series of books about the characters Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. I would like to know, sir, where you received your inspiration for these characters.\nWhen I was a young man, and an aspiring writer, I invented two characters who had a variety of adventures along the Mississippi River. Now, as you may have guessed, my characters names were Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. After reading your novels I have come to the conclusion that you somehow gained access to my notes. I do not have time to speculate on how you managed this, but I intend to find out.\nYou will contact me, inform me how and why you have stolen my characters, and acknowledge me in your works. I expect your response in a timely manner, or my lawyer will be contacting you.\n\nRegards,\n[Your Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Shakespeare is reincarnated as a young man in 2016. Like any young writer, he dabbled in fanfiction. Cringey fanfiction. Write one of these fanfictions.", + "input": "", + "output": "HERMIONE (an aside, to herself):\nO, fell me now, foul clutches of the loves\nI cannot escape! To be smitten is\nto be hung from the parapets of fate\nand wrung out like dirty, sodden washcloth\nHow can I choose between Ron and Harry?\nHow can a woman's heart beat in tandem\nwith those of two others'? A fool I am!\nHark!\nA spectre approaches!\nNEARLY HEADLESS NICK:\nHermione, you are no fool at all!\nI heard your cries of grief and must admit\nthat I feel your only folly is this:\nYou have not seen the simplest solution!\nHERMIONE:\nBe clear! Of what do you speak, spectral vision?\nNEARLY HEADLESS NICK:\nYou must consummate your relationship with both,\ntonight - at the Yule Ball - where romance reigns.\nHERMIONE:\nYou are wise, spectre. I shall do this thing.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "My Cat Fell Into a Laundry Basket. Try to write a story or poem based on this image.", + "input": "", + "output": "There once was an agile young cat\nwho thought his balance was all that.\nHe was cocky and sly, yet still sweet as pie,\nbut balance was something he lacked.\nWith a hop and a leap,\nnot making a peep,\nMilo was quickly midair.\nHe'd land on his feet\nnot skipping a beat,\nand strut away without a care.\nBut a misstep would cost him,\na distaster had blossomed!\nOne last attempt at a scamper.\nStill it was too late,\nhe'd accepted his fate.\nMilo was now in the hamper.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Rewrite a classic fairy tale by telling it backwards. The end is now the beginning.", + "input": "", + "output": "Peter sits in the middle of the field, knees pressed to his chest, rocking back and forth. The sheep's sonorous bleats swell over him. They're almost indistinguishable from the last flock's, and yet, there's something different about them. \"It's your fault,\" they baa, \"How dare you show your face again? Give us a real guardian!\"\nHe is interrupted from his reverie by a rustle in the bushes. \"Wolf, wolf!\"\nAll the doors in a 500-foot radius swing open. The townspeople stampede to the field, knives, hammers, candlesticks in hand.\n\"Where is it?\"\nBut the rustle is gone. Peter shrugs. Some people shoot him looks of pity; others glower at him impatiently. Everyone lowers their arms and begins to make their way back to their workplaces.\nThere is no wolf. There never is.\nBut after that one incident, they'll all come running if he shouts.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Your homework is to write a poem, but you can't quite figure out what to write, until one morning you wake up and can only speak in rhymes.", + "input": "", + "output": "This morning I've decided I must have bad luck\nForever rhyming all words, oh lord I am stuck\nI got out of bed and then wiped my eyes\nGrabbed my cellphone and texted my guys\nComplaining to them of what I have found\nAnd asking to turn this bad luck around\nAnd oh my goodness do you know what they said\nThey said to me that it's all in my head!\nIt's not in my head, it's just with everything I say\nI can not make this damn rhyming go away\nAt least I don't have to give it much fuss\nFor this homework I'll easily get an A plus", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Without saying the word love, you write the most passionate love letter you can imagine.", + "input": "", + "output": "Hannah,\nYou really want to know what I think about on a daily basis on my down time at work? Do you really want to know what goes on in the inner workings of my mind while you're not around? Well. Here it goes.\nMy mind is ravaged with thoughts of what my life would be like without you and I don't like it. I'm too young to know many things for certain, but I do know that if I were to have to live my life without you in it, it would in no way, shape, or form be as fulfilling as it is now. You bring me the most unimaginable joy whenever I see your face. There are times where I feel like we could talk all night about anything and I wouldn't care how tired I was in the morning for work.\nYour work ethic and drive to be the best you can be is inspiring. There have been many times where I have found myself wishing for the same work ethic. But what really seals the deal is your compassion and empathy towards others. You want everyone to have the same opportunities and care in life that you have received and that has spurred me on to be more giving with my time and money towards causes that need it.\nI cannot wait to spend the rest of my days with you. You are beautiful beyond measure both on the inside and outside.\nSincerely,\nRyan", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a love story without using any positive descriptive words. Or write a tragedy without any negative ones.", + "input": "", + "output": "Her head looked beautiful, lying there on the ground. As her soft body lay just a few feet away.\nShe had a sort of calm smile to her as her stained blood blonde hair was ruffled up.\nThe phone she loved to text on was resting in her hands when I found it.\nHer friend asked if she was on her way\nAnd the response that never sent was \"yeah, I'll be there soo\".", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In 20 words or less write the happiest scene you can.", + "input": "", + "output": "The rainbow kittens cheerfully play in the field of sprinkled cupcakes and other various desserts. Oh, and there's tits too.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "A demon that writes messages on your mirror with blood but they’re useful messages. Like “remember you have yoga at 6 tonight”. Write a creative story.", + "input": "", + "output": "The heating is off in my apartment this morning, but there's still hot water, so I take a long shower to warm up. The fog settles heavily on the mirror and begins to run by the time I get out, reconstituting the dried blood so that it drips freely into the bathroom sink. The mess makes it look like I shave with a box cutter. I read today's message, streaky but still legible in bold finger-painted block letters.\n_You're out of floss_\nNot that useful as messages from mysterious otherworldly sources go. I'm sure I would have figured it out myself eventually. I towel off and get dressed, then wipe down the mirror and sink with the paper towels I keep in stacks behind the laundry basket. The rich metallic smell of the blood no longer nauseates me, but the tedium of the job is irritating. Cleaning up is just as boring as the messages.\nThe list of \"no-longers\" is getting quite long now. I no longer wait up trying to catch the appearance of the writing. I no longer try to hide the blood soaked towels in the bottom of one of the building's communal garbage bins. I no longer think that I've gone insane; that some alternate personality is harassing me; or that I'm writing the messages myself in an alcoholic fugue. I no longer wonder what it means, either. Not to say that I don't have some hope that one day one of the messages will be helpful, or at least not pointless, but after four hundred and nineteen attempts my friend in the mirror hasn't done better than \"Things will brighten\" - an early message that left me optimistic but turned out to be a weather forecast.\nBefore leaving I add the new message to the journal underneath the rest of the week's efforts.\n_Seven yards left on the roll_\n_Only five yards left_\n_Reel is almost empty_\n_Reel will be empty after you floss this morning_", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write about death, without using the word death, any euphemisms or other words directly related to death.", + "input": "", + "output": "Jerry saw the gun and thought \"Oh. That's a gun.\" And then there was searing pain, and the room flipped, and then was still. And he knew something was happening. He could feel a frenzy around him. Something important was happening, but the lights seemed to be dimming, so he couldn't be bothered to attend to it. There was an absolute sort of pain in his body. It was all encompassing. It was so vast it became meaningless; he was submerged in it.\nVoices howled ineffectually. There was quiet screaming. His thoughts drifted to Susan Wiltmeyer calling him gross in second grade. She ate his cookie and called him gross. How hateful.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "My parents have a sign in their home that says, \"Alcohol: Because No Great Story Ever Started With Someone Eating A Salad.\" Prove them wrong, write a great story beginning with our hero eating a salad.", + "input": "", + "output": "Our hero ate with relish a caesar salad while seated in a rooftop garden overlooking the city. He never ate any salad other than caesar. Sticking one's fork in a tyrant daily is an important civic duty.\nAbout mid-day now. The festival games swept noise through the city. Best be on with it soon. The others should be nearing position. Oh here he comes again.\n“Some water, sir?” said the nosy server.\n“No, thank you. None at all.”\n“Very well. Enjoy your meal.”\nWater. Won’t pay the tax for that now. Shortage isn’t my fault. Best be on with it. One more stab. Once. Twice, for good measure.\nOur hero rounded a corner and entered the market. People bustling. Many people bustling busily. Running into others while running away from themselves. Away from their civic duty. Away from their city that cries out for help. There one goes now into a brothel. To forget. Into oblivion.\nThe bells rang out, drowning whatever festivities remained. Meeting commenced. Hope the others avoided trouble. Hard thing to do.\nHe ascended the forum steps. Everyone seated. A tyrant clad in purple addressed the senate. One stood up and stabbed him, then another. Then I. Different kind of food, same principle.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a 'Choose Your Own Adventure' type story in which writers can add to the adventure in the comments.", + "input": "", + "output": "You're sitting at your desk at work. Supervisor Steve walks by and drops a fresh stack of accounts receivable in your incoming tray. \"Looks like you'll be here late tonight,\" he sneers. You throw him a troubled glare as he trots away. You pull the first page off the stack of papers and quickly skim over its contents. You feel a slight tug on your pant leg causing you to jump. Sliding your chair back, you sneak a peak under your desk and discover a hole directly under your desk just big enough for a human to slip through. Now on your hands and knees you look inside and feel a warm breeze and see green and yellow lights. \"What the hell....\"\nDo you:\n1. Lower yourself into the hole\n2. Call your supervisor\n3. Finish your paperwork", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Death is a common character in writing prompts... write a story that portrays death in a way that you haven't seen or read about before.", + "input": "", + "output": "Once upon a time, Death was the teeth that hunted us under a bright moon. We ran and we shivered, waving our little fire-sticks around.\nOnce we had settled, Death was the dry season that failed to end, the diseases that killed entire villages. She was famine and boils and warfare.\nWe grew a little bit and started thinking too much. Death became the emptiness behind words on paper, extinction of languages and passenger pigeons. Death became forgetfulness.\nSoon, we no longer needed to have five children to ensure that two would survive to adulthood. We conquered disease, destroyed warfare, filled our souls to the brim with knowing and still didn't understand anything.\nWe stand on the surface of the moon, or mars, or alpha centauri, and we look back at the single shimmering pixel that we emerged from. Death can't touch us, we who move between the stars, we who record all things and all memories. She is but a whisper in the void between stars.\nAnd the shimmering pixel turns bloated and red as its star engulfs our homeland. And we say, it does not matter, we are eternal. No longer can we feel the teeth that hunt us under a bright moon.\nBut still we run, like insects from disturbed grass. Flocking from one life-giving heat source to another, until they are all cold and gone. Death has not left us. She is still at our heels, waiting for us to falter, waiting for us to grow cold.\nEventually the whole universe will be hers.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write a poem or a story inspired by the following sentence \"the sway of the ponytail\"", + "input": "", + "output": "Her hair swayed once before i managed to tell her,\nThat last night's kiss was just for good measure,\nAnd leave her with one thing to remember,\nThe love that she thought would last forever.\nNever, forever and ever and ever.\nOh, look at the time, i suppose that i better\nLeave her room before i have to tell her\nMy name, my number or the state of the weather.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Say i'm completely new to poetry. I need to know how to approach this art, write me a poem about it.", + "input": "", + "output": "There are many forms\nTherefore, the method you choose\nDepends on your goals.\n\nWelcome, newcomer\nTo the art of the haiku\nIn all its beauty.\n\nHaiku can be fun\nBecause one must really think\nAbout one's wording.\n\nGo. Begin, like so;\nI will demonstrate for you\nThis is your template:\n\nFive syllables first\nThen seven more follow them\nWith five more behind.\n\nOften about life\nHaiku capture earth's beauty\nAnd sometimes, its pain.\n\nIt can be simple\nWhen first drawing from inkwell\nBut can be complex.\n\nYou will never know\nIf you love them 'til you try\nYou very well might.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "A 15 yr old girl writes a spaghetti western story, not realising that pasta has nothing to do with it. This is that story.", + "input": "", + "output": "They say man cannot live on bread alone.\nI say they're right.\nThe sun hung in the sky like a giant ball of tagliatelle. It hung with the heat of a thousand boiling pots.\nIt wasn't the only thing boiling. My blood felt that same heat and made it a part of me.\nI was the Gemelli Kid.\nSee, my dad ran Gemelli out to the Gardens for twenty years. He used to bring me a big jar of olives back on every trip. I remember sitting in my room with the window open, even when it was hot as hell. When I heard the sound of his horse, his cart, I would run outside with my hands stretched out like casarecce. Each time he would smile and laugh with the sun behind him so that his face was just a circle of shadow from his hat. Every time he'd reach behind his back and pull out a jar and hand it to me. I kept every single one. I would line em up in my room. I could track the path of my life in a row of dusty glass.\nYet that's all gone now, vanished like a bowl of rigatoni after a sunday dinner. No dust, no jars, no house.\nNo father.\nWhen you lose your past you get two choices, and they ain't gonna be salad or breadsticks. You live for the present or you live for the future. A good person would live for the future. They would take what had happen and move on. They would take the lumps and smooth em out and feed em into the press.\nI ain't no good person.\nThe Fazoli's killed my father. He didn't just pasta way. They tore him apart until there was nothing left: Zip, Zilch, Ziti.\nThat's why I'm here. I came to this one-bowl town to lay down the lasagna.\nCause the red sauce is gonna pour tonight.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In a Utopian alternate universe, an author writes a sci-fi dystopian novel describing our society.", + "input": "", + "output": "I blinked yet again, and turned towards the clock which informed me that it was now 3 am. Sleep usually found me easily, and yet tonight, I was left thinking about what I'd read in that book I'd just bought.\nA world in which some had more money than others? A world in which young children were left to starve while others received new toys every day? A world in which men, heterosexuals, and white people dominated? How could such an unequal society exist, even in a book?\nThe worst part was that everyone expected something in that world. Nothing was done out of the kindness of someone's heart; it was all for their own benefit. Friendships were only created to have someone listen to your problems, and families only talked to one another to feel comfort and safety. Everything was so selfish. How could it be like that?\nAnd yet, I could see the appeal. There seemed something so satisfying with having more than other people, with being above them, superior, even. In a world like ours, where everyone was equal, everything was so... similar.\nIn fact, I worked hard every day. Why shouldn't I have more than others?\nThe more I thought about it, the more beautiful the idea seemed. I could taste it, that feeling of pride when I saw how little others had. The envy, the desire, the greed that they'd feel when they saw me... I could taste the power that I'd have.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Your bank specializes in accounts for villains and monsters; accepting currencies from gold and cash, to blood and souls. As the only teller for the bank, write about a casual day’s work, or your most interesting clientele.", + "input": "", + "output": "I had expected a worse first day.\nSome of them are amicable, others decidedly less so.\nThere is, however, one thing that lingers in my mind. Human or beast, they all have one thing in common. Though I have seen a vast array of colours, a kaleidoscope of vivid green, crimson red and amber, they all seem to stare into my soul. Their eyes, piercing and penetrating bore into me, into the dark abyss that is my soul. I can't help but feel a sense of wonder, mingled with the dread of chaos and anarchy and destruction.\nSome of them are noble. They have a profound look of sorrow on their faces that mirrors my own expression, and ignites a spark, a fire that rages below the surface of my apathetic existence.\nI call for the next customer, and he approaches my desk. He lays a gnarled claw next to my hand, and begins to whisper; a low growl, barely audible, and yet I hear him as though he is screaming. He wants a piece of my soul, and a vial of my blood. He pays with fire.\nHe is no more a monster than I am.\nSoon, it will be over, and I will be allowed to rest.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a \"5 minute mystery\" (a short mystery the reader can solve using only the clues provided)", + "input": "", + "output": "She never imagined that she would die this way. Half naked and drowning in the bottom of a motel pool, Claire felt her life fade away as water filled her lungs. Claire lived her life without apology. She spoke her mind even if it stirred the pot. It was precisely this trait that often got her in hot water as a journalist. She was always chasing political stories and attempting to uncover the dirty skeletons in Washington’s closet. Claire always put her career before everything, even if it meant sacrificing her safety…and the safety of those around her. Death threats were apt to put pressure on her relationships. In all of her life, she only regretted pushing away those who loved her. Just when Claire thought she had found the man worth settling down with, the biggest story of her career presented itself. The means Claire used to get the information she needed broke her heart, but Claire knew that she had to put her body on the line to get the truth out. Claire lived to push the boundaries, and tonight, the boundaries pushed back. The last thing Claire remembered was the look on her killer’s eyes: cold and unforgiving.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Choose a song, then write a story/poem. The twist is that you need to write a line of the song every other sentence, in *italic*.", + "input": "", + "output": "Kashmir, by Led Zeppelin\n*Oh let the sun beat down upon my face, stars to fill my dream*\nI seek but one thing, the peace I had been denied during the long years spent sailing between the worlds.\n*Oh, father of the four winds, fill my sails, across the sea of years*\nI arrive, alone, in a strange desert in an all too familiar world, I muse:\n*I am a traveler of both time and space, to be where I have been*\nI shed my clothes -they are no longer needed- and look out at the land.\n*All I see turns to brown, as the sun burns the ground*\nThe heat from the sun burns, and the winds blow hot dirt.\n*And my eyes fill with sand, as I scan this wasted land*\nMy old bones creak, and I hear music from behind:\n*Talk and song from tongues of lilting grace, whose sounds caress my ear*\nI turn around, and my gaze fixes upon my goal:\n*Let me take you there. Let me take you there*\nI see an oasis, cool water under the hot sun of Old Earth, to spend my final hours in peace.\n*Let me take you there. Let me take you there*\nLet the stars fill our dream.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Instead of a dystopia that seems like a utopia on the surface, write a story about a utopia that seems like a dystopia on the surface.", + "input": "", + "output": "Smooth edges. Clean streets. People bustle about, heading to lunch, with smiles on their faces. Posters line the walls of the city saying \"Be Your Brother's Keeper\" or \"Arcadia is Our Mother\". Loudspeakers chime in with daily reminders about citywide events or milestones met. \"Without Arcadia,\" says the woman on the announcements, \"we are nothing.\" Police in crisp white uniforms patrol the streets on foot, and everyone smiles and nods at them. Above, through the small clouds, an impossibly tall tower can be seen standing at the center of the sprawl.\nA great wall surrounds the city. The First Founders began building it long ago, during their age, and by the time their generation had passed it was finished. A dull grey barrier, blocking Arcadia off from the outside world. Every man, woman, and child knows what lies beyond. Ruins of the fallen world, the world that came before. Anyone is free to leave, but such a thought rarely ever crosses the mind. They are taught the truth when they are young, how societies collapsed after fossil fuels ran out. How wars were fought not for land, but for water. How the nuclear missiles, the Dust Makers, were made. How terrifyingly destructive they had been. How they had sailed through the air like shooting stars before crashing back down to Earth like meteors.\nThey picked through the ashes and learned from their ancestor's mistakes. They come together as a community, and stay together as a community, for each other's sake. Division, the teachers said, is what split the old world apart. People were separated, not just by the borders of their country, but by the borders they made themselves. Race. Class. Religion. Political views. In Arcadia, these things still exist, but the people are taught to embrace their difference. To cherish it. To not let it consume and divide them.\nBecause if there is division, there is no Arcadia. And without Arcadia, they are nothing.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a story following this prompt: You are the only writer in the world. You use millions of pen names to keep it a secret. You walk past a bookshop and you see a book released by a name you don’t recognise....", + "input": "", + "output": "I stand there, shocked, unmoving as people scuttle by through the busy streets of New York. Some even give me confused looks. I return the look- the confusion isn’t directed at them though, it’s directed at the small, pamphlet-type book that sits alone on a small bookshelf in this even smaller shop. I stumble in, forgetting exactly what it was I was doing before my eyes had glanced upon this book.\nAs I strode in, I ran for the book, not paying attention to the confused glances of all the shop’s inhabitants. As I pick it up, sweating profusely, I read the title, horrified.\n*I Know Your Secret, Elongated Muskrat*", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write me your saddest poem!", + "input": "", + "output": "My love was like the snow, so fresh and crisp and new,\nMy love was like the morn, so cool and slick with dew,\nI held her in my arms, and said never leave,\nI held her in my arms, having nothing left to grieve.\nI rose up all alone, without her by my side,\nI rose to face the day, unable to stem the tide,\nOf pain and loss and fading dreams so quickly blown away,\nThere's not one thing of hers I have, to make her echo stay.\nShe's resting on the hillside, beneath the flowering plum,\nWhere she can hear the children play, the songbirds gently hum,\nThere is no joy in my life now, no songs of passion play,\nThe lights of hope have all gone out, since she has passed away", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "The Batman dies. As a joke, (or possibly in honor of his long time adversary) the Joker decides to write a eulogy.", + "input": "", + "output": "Did you know the Batman was my greatest inspiration? He was a lone man who changed the face of Gotham but he was beyond our understanding.\nMaybe he did have a moral code, but he never chose fit to share that code with the rest of us. Sometimes he fought criminals, sometimes he didn’t. He allowed evil to live and fester rather than dirty his hands with a gun. He allowed poverty and degradation to run rampant in Gotham, destroying more lives than I ever could. Slowly and insidiously. All the while he flew through the air, armed with millions of dollars worth of gadgets.\nHis agenda was arbitrary and merciless. We never knew where he would strike. Who he would chose to save. So I salute you, dear departed Batman. May I bring to the streets of Gotham a fraction of the chaos that you did.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You’re sitting in a boring class trying to entertain yourself. You write random words on your notebook, and realize that the teacher is repeating them, confusing all your classmates. It seems like you found something fun to do!", + "input": "", + "output": "My name is Jason Cullen. I’m a college student at UCF and this is how I became the most interesting man in the world\nOne day, I was sitting in class minding my own business when my teacher (let’s call him V) begins explaining arithmetic equations. I’m clueless about the subject so I begin writing “notes down”. “I hate this class” “how much weed could a weedchuck chug if a weedchuck could chug weed”. V rambles on as usual when all of the sudden he says “now, to solve this I hate this class.” The entire room looks up in confusion when he began a chanting in a horrified voice “HOW MUCH WEED COULD A WEEDCHUCK CHUG IF A WEECHUCK COULD CHUG WEED.”\nI realize the connection, so I write down “I hear it’s amazing when the famous purple stuffed flap jaw worm with the tuning fork does a raw blink on Hari-Kiri rock. I need scissors! 61!” The teacher was about to excuse himself when I write “Oy lads gotta take a shite. See y’all in hell!” He was later fires for “his” actions. A victory in my book.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You are a galaxy renowned xenozoologist, and are determined to make accurate care guides for all of the pets of galactic citizens. Your current goal is to write a guide for the new pet that everyone's going crazy over: humans.", + "input": "", + "output": "Humanity is a rather unique species, located in the Sol system, rather near the galaxy's edge.\nAt first, they seem almost delicate, unable to do anything on their own. This is true, to an extent- they have big bulky machines designed to protect them in vacuum and their bodies are essentially useless.\nHowever, further investigation reveals 2 things.\n1. By some cruel coincidence of nature, the human species evolved through a barbaric process known as 'survival of the fittest.' This means that any humans who were not optimized for their environment would die, so that only the best would pass on their genes.\n2. Their origin world, Earth, compounds this due to its extremely harsh environment, with its proximity to the sun and slow rotation causing extreme day/night deviations in temperature, as well as animals on the surface inclined to consume other life forms.\nHumans are known for their odd brain patterns, particularly their need to communicate with other humans, so if you're planning on keeping one, you should keep at least 5. They also need an extremely large space to roam around in, otherwise they will get very angry.\nThey also cannot go into stasis, so they need to be continually taken care of until their bodies decay beyond repair.\nHumans have extremely specific dietary needs as well, so be cautious about feeding them.\nThe only 3 advantages I see to keeping humans as pets- advantages that only exist if they are taken care of completely correctly- are these:\n1. They automatically produce small amounts of a delicious yellow liquid.\n2. It's fun to observe their behavior, especially escape attempts.\n3. If there is ever an intruder in your area, humans will quickly dismember them if set loose.\nHumans also have a strong tendency to mate, so keep track of that.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a poem with a sense of isolation and detachment from the world around you.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is a poem with sense of isolation and detachment from the world around me.\n\nI am an alien in a world of monsters.\nGood hearted beasts infected by a plague of hatred and self obsession.\nCreatures with kind souls being slowly absorbed by media fads and vanity.\nTheir eyes blink robotically while they plug into their devices\nTaking in information as it suits their personal agendas.\nIgnoring the things that they wish not to see.\nAssuming that no one else feels the way they do.\nI am an alien in a world of aliens\nWho think everyone around them is a monster.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write a letter to that person who you wished had got back in touch (at least 3 year gap) (Lost contact due to any kind of change e.g quit social media/moved away/ etc", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear [Name],\n\nIt's been a while since we last talked or even saw each other. I understand why. I know it was me, and my issues, that drove us apart. I wish I could take back the things I said, because you always deserved the best of me, even if you never got it.\nI have been making progress in your absence.\nI got back into school, and where before I was an abysmal student, now I am a semester away from graduating cum laude on my way towards grad school.\nI've learned to keep things in perspective in terms of importance, and I've gotten better at dealing with stress.\nI still think of you when I don't have enough to distract me. That may be how I've managed to focus so well in school - I have to in order to not miss you so much.\nOn occasions when I've had a particular success in life, I wonder what you'd say if I could tell you. Would you be proud of me? I don't know. But I like to think you would be.\nI told myself I wouldn't pursue you after you left. I have no right to do so. I have had to accept that you will forever be the girl of my dreams, and the one that got away. But I still hold to hope.\nYou will always be the one who brought out the best of me. Even if it broke my heart to do it.\n\nAlways yours,\n[Your Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "A time traveler goes from 2018 to 1980. Instead of using his knowledge for great gain or influence history, he writes a sitcom that scarily accurately predicts future events.", + "input": "", + "output": "I am a time traveller. I mostly did it for kicks, not fame or money, so I didn't go far back and get famous antiques. Or go forward in time and bring back advanced technology. Just to 1980.\nI wasn't too fond of 1980, but it only took a few years for me to put together a fake identity. I spent the rest of the time writing scripts. And, finally, I have persuaded a network to pick up my show. Hello future. My name is Matt Groening.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In 5 sentences, without using the letter \"a\", write a story about a man who has lost it all.", + "input": "", + "output": "None linger by his side but the bitter wind's empty murmur. Memories flickering by his mind's eye, he is reminded of his loss. The whole world seems to mock him, gibe him, twist him into comedy, surround him with sinister mirth. Soon enough the shrieks of vicious joy infest his very mind, consuming hope of rescue from his supreme torment, giving no shelter but simply joining in. So his misery wells up within him, woeful hysterics erupting from his very soul, echoing through this bitter new world.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "A man is wrongly sentenced to death in Victorian England for supposedly killing a milk-maid, write a letter from him to his wife.", + "input": "", + "output": "To my beloved wife,\n\nTomorrow morning I will be taken to be hanged without any regret and with a clean conscience but I write this last letter as a plea to you for forgiveness and understanding. Please take my word dear wife, as I did not invite that maid into our home and I did not nor would I ever commit the sin of adultry with her. She just appeared in the parlor and did not comply with my requests to leave. When you appeared in the doorway my dear and saw us struggling it was only me trying to force her out of our home. I hoped that by confessing for your crime I would prove to you my love and devotion yet you havent sent me any word since I've been locked in this tower. I wish that you forgive me for any offense that you think I have ever commited against you. Never in my live would I willingly or knowingly do anything I thought might bring you harm or that may upset you. I would like it very much if you were there tomorrow, in the square so that I may gaze upon your face during my last moments, it is my only and final request.\nYour beloved husband, who will keep loving you in the next world as he has in this one.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "It's the year 2114. You're a history student. Your assignment? To write an essay comparing the events of 2014 with what happened 100 years earlier.", + "input": "", + "output": "As a history student in the year 2114, I have been tasked with comparing the events of the year 2014 to what happened exactly 100 years prior, in the year 1914. Although these two years were separated by a century, they share some striking similarities and differences that have shaped the course of history in very different ways.\n\nOne of the most significant events of 2014 was the outbreak of the Ebola virus in West Africa, which quickly became an international health crisis. Similarly, in 1914, the world was facing a health crisis with the outbreak of the First World War, which affected millions of people worldwide. Both crises brought about significant changes in the way governments and societies responded to public health and international relations, highlighting the importance of cooperation and solidarity in times of crisis.\n\nAnother similarity between 1914 and 2014 was the rise of new technologies that transformed the way people lived and worked. In 1914, the world was experiencing the dawn of the industrial age, with new machines and technologies making their way into factories and homes. Similarly, in 2014, the world was experiencing the rise of the digital age, with new technologies like smartphones and social media transforming the way people communicated and connected with one another.\n\nHowever, there were also many differences between 1914 and 2014. One of the most significant differences was the level of globalization and interdependence between countries in 2014. By this time, the world was much more interconnected than it was a century earlier, with goods, services, and people moving across borders more freely than ever before. In contrast, in 1914, the world was more divided, with nations operating largely independently of one another.\n\nAnother major difference between 1914 and 2014 was the political landscape of the world. In 1914, Europe was dominated by a complex web of alliances and rivalries that would ultimately lead to the outbreak of World War I. In contrast, the world of 2014 was marked by greater cooperation and diplomacy between nations, with the United Nations and other international organizations playing a key role in promoting peace and stability.\n\nIn conclusion, while there were some similarities between 1914 and 2014, the world had undergone significant changes over the course of a century. The rise of new technologies, the growth of globalization, and the development of international institutions had all transformed the way people lived and interacted with one another. As a history student in 2114, I can only wonder what changes the world will have undergone by the next century and how they will shape the course of history.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "An immortal couple have been seen throughout recorded history, write an account of them in any time period you wish. Bonus points if you match the writing style of the time period", + "input": "", + "output": "It was 1915 and we were in Belgium. I'd always wanted to visit Belgium, but not like this - not in these trenches. Here, but not now.\nBelieve it or not, living in stretching concaves in the Earth with no personal space breeds a special sort of relationship among the inhabitants. Funneled like rats - with rats - through these dark and sometimes cold trenches, morale was low. Except for one man.\nThat one man was named Richard, and he seemed weary - but he always had a positive outlook on his situation. Strange, considering death was almost certain in here - surely he knew that?\nI remember sitting with him and asking him about his life back home - he apparently had a wife, but he seemed so young for it. He asked me if I had a girl back home, I told him I didn't. He just seemed indifferent, aside from a brief flicker of a frown. He told me I'd find someone eventually.\nThe one thing he said that stuck with me was, when asked if he planned to grow old with his wife, he looked me in the eye and said with a serene smile \"I've already done that\".\nThere was something off with that man, but I had to admire his optimism.\nThat night he disappeared, we never found a body - but there was no way he'd leave. Unless he simply got out of the trenches and started walking. Surely he couldn't do that? Surely.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In the parallel world of spiders, instead of \"Spider-Man\" there is \"Man-Spider\": a spider in a human costume with human superpowers, such as a gun he caries around and the ability to talk. You are the spider chosen to write a screenplay for the movie.", + "input": "", + "output": "I regret my choices.\nI should have just become a cobwebineer in stead of a screenwriter. But of course, with my luck they'd have come up with some completely absurd construction job for me to do.\nLike, at first I was one hundred percent on board with the \"Man-Spider\" concept. I mean, pure body horror, you could make some really, really scary shit out of that material.\nBut then came the instruction: \"Make it sexy\". *Sexy*? Have they seen humans? Only half the proper amount of limbs, the eyeball situation is just disturbing and those red, wet holes... masticating species, uggh!\nBut apparently this... specimen... is supposed to be the hero? We're never going to see him eat on screen, that's for sure.\nI guess I can work with the gun thing. Emphasize the technological ingenuity. There's probably some way to make this form of hunting seem cool in stead of a pathetic compensation for natural weakness. Maybe.\nAnd they want talking to play a central role. I can see why, given the man-spider thing, but how to do it without directing attention to that nasty face hole? Putting a mask on him might work - and it could cover the eyes. Mask it is!\nA mask would also help making the love interest story line a little more believable. I'm not writing any mating scenes! They'll just have to find another spider for that, I have my limits.\nAlthough, thank the Great Spinner that it's *man*-spider. Imagine if it was woman-spider. Those creatures are *mammals*. It really is the most disgusting reproductive biology imaginable. I wish they'd let me make a horror movie.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I have a myth: Earth has no moon, instead it has a ring. There is ringlight every night year-round, and a ring shadow somewhere on Earth every day, which moves with the seasons. Re-write mythology.", + "input": "", + "output": "Long before the days of the War of the Gods, Titans reigned over the face of the Earth. As with any rulers, there were some who ruled fairly and others who did not. Among the more benevolent leaders was Hyperion, the Lord of Light. He was called upon for wisdom and discernment; mortals valued his insight and praised his control of the heavenly bodies.\nYet Hyperion had one great love: Theia, his consort. She was a Titaness of radiance, a mother goddess who shone like the sun on all who sought after her. The two Titans were very much in love, and their love gave vibrancy to the life around them. They were happy - for a time.\nThat time ended when the Gods declared war on the Titans, with Zeus at the forefront of battle. Cronus, Hyperion's brother and Lord over all the Titans, called Hyperion into battle against the upstart Gods. Knowing the war would end in defeat, Hyperion left anyway, answering the call of his brother and king.\nBut before he left, Hyperion gave Theia a gift: a ring of radiant light to wear around her finger. He told her that the ring would tell her if he was safe; that the ring would glow with a silver light when he was in danger. Theia took it gratefully and bid her lover farewell. It was the last time she would see him.\nHyperion fell during the war and was banished with the other Titans to the pits of Tartarus. During the battle, Theia watched in helpless anguish as the ring shone brighter and brighter until it was nearly as luminous as the sun. In her despair, she removed the ring and prayed to the Mother Gaia that she would cause the ring to grow as large as her love for Hyperion. Gaia listened, and so the ring grew.\nNow the ring encircles the Earth, a strip of radiance that gives off silver moonlight every evening. Mankind looks up to the ring and is reminded of Theia's anguish, as well as her love for her fallen lover.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write a poem based of the story \"the strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde\"", + "input": "", + "output": "They do not understand the genius that is required,\nTo create something quite so inspired,\nAs the wondrous concoction,\nthat i have created.\nSo I tinker and I work in secret,\nAs the formula is not complete yet,\nBut is ever so tempting,\nto take a little swig.\nScience was not advanced by caution,\nAnd though i may speak from exhaustion,\nI feel i must be brave,\nAnd see it to the end.\nIt burns with an unholy fury,\nas greats spasms run through me,\nmy very flesh screams,\nAnd i collapse to the floor.\nI am big man now,\nI will show them how,\nYou no laugh at me,\nno more.\nMy hands can crush,\nyour throat to shush,\nDon't call me Hyde,\nIts Jekyll.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You are a journalist. Everything you write becomes true. One day, not knowing this, you decide to write some satire.", + "input": "", + "output": "I lean back in the comfortable chair and exhale the smoke of the cigarette. Grey clouds of smoke wander around in the room and for a moment I close my eyes. What a night: finally managed to finish the new book.\nIt was good to write something silly once in a while. Usually I pick a topic and research, write a book on it only to discover that things get even worse. Not this time!\nA parody, Satire, something funny.\nEven writing the damn thing was fun as hell, just take the strangest and most hilarious idea you have and make it the premise of the book.\nAnd here it was my take on the United States presidential election ...", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write Martin Luther King's 'I Have a Dream' speech in the style of Doctor Seuss and then write 'The Sneetches' in the style of Martin Luther King", + "input": "", + "output": "I have a dream. My friends, it seems,\nThat all of us people are on the same team.\nMy children will grow, society will show,\nthat we won't pre-judge those we don't know.\nThe black and the white, aren't like day and night.\nAnd in this great nation, have no need to fight.\nHate can't conquer hate, love is more great,\ninto the darkest heart, light can penetrate.\nSo my child and yours, will swing open their doors,\nand love their neighbors, make peace and stop wars.\nIf we want it, we can. A brotherhood of man.\nI have a dream, of liberty in this land.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write a poem from the perspective of a dog", + "input": "", + "output": "Hours,\npass like days,\nI wait here in silent desire,\naskew across my dark mistress' place of rest,\nas she walks the world without me.\nAlone.\nA roaring noise,\nto others it is a annoyance,\nas it escapes my hollow lips,\nbut inside?\nI am silent,\nFor she is not here.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "use all six of these words somewhere in your story or poem: fatigue, caper, typewriter, sword, calm, arrow", + "input": "", + "output": "Frederick leaned back in his squeaky desk chair and stretched, feeling a full twenty hours' worth of fatigue. The stack of paper next to his typewriter - an old-fashioned one that was fully manual - was full of words. He was quite pleased with his story, and figured he would get some rest before sending it off to his publisher.\nTitled \"Caper Capers,\" his manuscript detailed the activities of an anthropomorphic onion that solved crimes in the medieval world. His sword, cape, and calm demeanor were iconic, as this book was the fifteenth in a series.\nFrederick stood, slowly, and hobbled to the refrigerator. He must remember to stop for food next time. As he reached for the handle, a soft thudding sound behind him caught his attention. He turned to find an arrow embedded in the drywall, having apparently come through the open kitchen window.\n\"What on earth!?\" he exclaimed, looking toward the window. The early morning light was still dim and nothing was immediately visible. He stepped over to the window, realizing too late, in his exhausted state, that it was probably a poor choice.\n\"Hey, Freddy!\" His friend Karl popped his head over the sill. \"Sorry about the arrow! I was just coming by to see if you wanted to join me for some archery, but you look shattered! Must've been a long night. Gimme my arrow and I'll get out of your hair!\"\nFrederick yanked the arrow from the wall, tossed it out to Karl and firmly closed the window before collapsing on the couch, too tired to even bother with the bedroom.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write a dark story but have the last sentence make it beautiful", + "input": "", + "output": "Sammy didn't understand. Who would do such a thing?\nThe left eye of his best friend lay on the carpet floor in front of him. The shredded strands that once held it in place trailed behind, tattered and crimson.\nAll he could do was cry. He was the best friend anyone could want. A soul both soft and understanding. How could this happen? Sammy's mind was a mess of confusion and questions.\nHis mother entered the room, dragging the carcass.\n\"Now, now, Sammy. Everything going is to be okay.\"\nSammy spied something shiny and sharp in her hand.\nMommy smiled.\n\"Hand me his eye, sweetheart.\"\nSammy froze.\n\"We'll fix your teddy right up...together.\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You are about to pass away, write a letter for someone in your life.", + "input": "", + "output": "My dear [Name],\n\nAs I write this letter, I am filled with a mix of emotions - sadness, regret, and gratitude. Sadness that I will soon be leaving this world and will no longer be able to share in the joys and challenges of life with you. Regret that there are things I wish I had said and done differently, and that there are moments that I will miss. But most of all, gratitude that I have had the privilege of knowing you and sharing in your life.\n\nI want you to know that you have been one of the greatest blessings in my life. Your love, kindness, and support have sustained me through some of my darkest moments, and your laughter and joy have brought light and happiness to my life. I have cherished every moment we have spent together, and I will carry the memories of our time together with me always.\n\nAs I prepare to leave this world, I want you to know that I am at peace. I am grateful for the life I have lived and for the people I have met along the way. I am grateful for the love and friendship you have shown me, and for the many ways you have enriched my life.\n\nI know that my passing will bring sadness and grief, but I hope that in time, you will find comfort in the memories we shared and in the knowledge that I loved you deeply. Remember that life is precious and that every moment is a gift. Live fully, love deeply, and cherish the people in your life.\n\nWith love and gratitude,\n\n[Your Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write me a story that doesn't include the word \"the\"", + "input": "", + "output": "Our ways were not hers and so she would carry on without us. No, in spite of us. Handing out advice wouldn't cut it. She'd need to experience a bloody nose or a skinned knee to learn her lessons. There were no skies limiting her, no obstacles to slow her foot. Sandy beaches with bright blue skies and feathery white clouds stretching out of view would be her providence. Awash in foamy surf she road waves smooth as glass and faster than speeding locomotives. And then, with her sun at set and darkness crowding in around, a broad smile fills her face. Her day is done and now it's time to take in an omnipotent panorama of celestial mechanics and a deep breath.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "A man emerges from his Y2K bunker as he has run out of supplies. It is currently 2014 and write in first person his encounters.", + "input": "", + "output": "The light was blinding.\nJason tried to make out any shapes as he squinted across the horizon, the lid of his bunker hunkered over him like a conical asian hat.\n\"Perhaps I am the lone survivor,\" he thought.\nWhat choice did he have? He ran out of the last of his baked beans yesterday. The Capri Suns stock had long gone and he just placed the last of his batteries into his walkman.\nOver 14 years in hiding since December 31, 1999. He was the laughing stock of his college as he spent day and night constructing his bunker next to the campus Fine Arts building. Jason couldn't help but feel a bit of complacency as he hoisted himself out of the bunker. His peers did nothing but jeer and ridicule him for his efforts to survive the apocalypse.\n\"Look whose laughing now,\" he mused.\nBased on his watch it was 4 in the afternoon. The campus was desolate. Not a single person in sight. All of a sudden he heard the ruffle of leaves.\nJason snapped his head around and screwed up his eyes over the horizon. It was a throng of people coming closer to him by the minute. He couldn't make out their faces. They were moving in a weird way too, sluggish and dragging their feet.\nThats when he started to hear them moan. Jason's heart skipped a beat. He threw open lid of his bunker and dived inside.\nThe moans grew louder. He peaked over his bunker as the crowd made its way toward him. Thats when he realized they weren't people at all. They had eyes that were sunken in and faces with skin that hung loose. Some of them had missing skin and tufts of missing hair.\nThe moaning was almost deafening now. The crowd looked-\n\"Dead.\" Jason thought. \"They are walking dead people! I'm the only living person left!\"\nHe closed the lid of his bunker. It looked like he was going to be inside longer than he thought.\n\n\"Amazing job today guys!\"\nEdward, the president of the Zombie Club, wiped the makeup off his brow and turned to address his members.\n\"I loved the moans and groans, and your costumes look fantastic!\" he exclaimed.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You need to write a letter to your crush describing romantic things you'd want to do(stargazing, watching the northern lights) and romantic gestures you'd do for her/him and why you think you two are ideal for each other.", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear [Name],\n\nYou're the most beautiful woman that I have ever set my eyes on. The stars themselves cannot compare to the light in your eyes. Aphrodite and Venus would bow down to your beauty and avert their eyes in shame at their inability to compare to you.\n\nYou're my first thought in the morning, and my last at night.\nI see you every night at the park, watching the night sky with your telescope. I like to watch the stars as well, even though they pale in comparison to you. We could go away together, visit a dark sky area to see the stars even better, away from the city lights that pollute the air and spoil your view. Just you, me, and a tent, miles away from anything that could distract us.\nOr we could go to see the northern lights. I heard you say that it's your dream to go see those. We could book into one of those hotels, the ones that are camping pods with clear roofs and alarms to wake you up when the lights start. How romantic would that be, just us and the aurora borealis.\nI would treat you like the queen, the goddess that you are. I'd worship the ground you walk on, defend you against any who dare disparage you, and make sure all know of your magnificence and glory. You would never need to work again, to sully your hands and looks with the drudgery of menial actions.\n[Name], [Name], [Name], your name is as beautiful as you are. I want to spend the rest of my life with it being the first word off my lips on waking and the last before sleep.\n\nLove,\n[Your Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write a story and try to fit in as many plottwists as possible, but the twist is just something mundane.", + "input": "", + "output": "The mission seemed doomed before it ever began…\nBut, “Never surrender…” kept repeating in Melbourne’s mind like a sick, twisted loop.\nJust then, he felt a tug at his ear. Melborne’s wife pulled out one of his ear bud’s that was admittedly blasting way too loudly. “That 80’s music again?”, she yelled.\nAnd just like that, a voice rang out from the other room.\n“They are coming in from all sides!”\nThere was no time for this. Melbourne had to drop the package at thirteen hundred hours. Just 15 minutes way.\nMelborne’s blood turned icy in his veins…”Kill them all. Every last one of them!”\n“Well sir”, said the Terminex man now arriving in the same room…”That’s what we plan to do.”\n“Good…good.”, he said.\n“Mellie”, his wife, Trudy, said while taking his hand.\nMelborne hated how loose his prosthesis had become in the past few weeks.\n“I need that darling…you know for the…”, at that, he looked that the serviceman, and returned his gaze to his wife…and finished the thought… “package”.\nJust then, the doorbell rang. Melborne’s wife…closest to the door, opened it to see who had arrived.\nAt 6’6, the man at the doorway was likely the largest human being that either Melbourne or his wife had ever seen. The two of them were now side by side, looking up at the man dressed all in all brown.\n“Would you like me to take that for you?”, he said with a curious smile.\nTrudy looked down at Melbourne’s hand that she was still holding. “Um...”\nAt that, the man with the letters U-P-S on his shirt looked to Melbourne and said “I mean the package ma’am…I can take that with me if you would like.”\nMellie turned the package over, nodded, and smiled at wife and sang \"you can never surrender!\"...and put his earbud back in.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write the ending. The person to reply to your comment must write the rest of the story.", + "input": "", + "output": "And then I saw with eyes clear and wide as the old man finished his story left and I will tell you now. Did you imagine the devil wore devil's skin?Perhaps you imagine his voice deep and sinister.But no,the devil was a softspoken and kind old man.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a positive story about someone/something from a child's perspective, then write negative story about that same person/subject from the perspective of the now grown up child.", + "input": "", + "output": "My dad is the best! Mom only lets me visit him on the weekends, she said he's good for nothing, but she's wrong. He lets me play with his stuff all day long and when he gets home from work he brings home pizza! We watch movies, laugh and eat together on the couch, it's always a blast!\n---\n\"When are you going to get a real job? It's time you start paying rent if you're going to keep living here.\" It's the same argument every night. The nagging, the constant fighting, I can't take it anymore. This apartment is too small for both of us. \"When are you going to make something of your life? You're 54 and you've been a pizza boy for more than half your life. You can't live here anymore, I'm kicking you out, dad.\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Make something harmless illegal, like apples, now write about the black market of said item.", + "input": "", + "output": "When I was a little girl, I owned a Tamagotchi. Those little animals, pixelated freaks, harmless I thought. Until I learned that all artificial intelligence is dangerous. That giving human characteristics to pixels was dangerous. Or so they told me, when they took the blue one. My parents didn't know about the pink one, little lovely snake creature. I kept it alive. I kept it alive and it only grew stronger.\nSo here I am, the nuclear codes in my hands. Pink one beeping from around my neck, and a language only I can understand. This is what they didn't want, people with abilities they can't control. People able to speak to the intelligence, the artificial intelligence.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a story where the characters in the story pretend they aren't aware they are in a story, for fear of being killed off by the writer", + "input": "", + "output": "Jack's cubicle was outstanding, which was ironic considering it was the least personalised of all the cubicles on the floor of Redford & Jones. There were no family photos despite the fact that he was married with a newly born baby boy. There was a notable absence of inspirational quotes - the kind that reeked of desperation to those who partook in such futility.\nWhilst the rest of the employees punched away at their keyboards, Jack was keeping abreast of his latest Twitter feud; this time with a man who claimed that the Moon was nothing more than a hologram perpetuated by the US government to fool the global population that we do in fact live in a universe when the truth was we all live on a giant soundstage much like the Truman Show.\nJack wouldn't normally bother with such nonsense, but this was a golden opportunity for self preservation. He could hear his father's words echoing in the recesses of his mind.\n\"Keep your character benign. That's how you survive.\"\nJack had always thought fondly of his advice. Recently though, keeping benign was becoming increasingly difficult. He was thirty-three now. During your teens and twenties, one can easily slide under the radar. But now, he had a wife and kid. His impact on the story was becoming less and less covert.\nIf there's one thing Jack had learned is the more impact you have, the greater the odds of being killed off by...well...the writer. Although Jack would never refer to him as that. \"God\" was still the appropriate name. And if God could kill off his son at thirty-three, Jack new damn well, he better start making some moves in an effort to stay in the narrative.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "rewrite \"Hey Jude\" to make it sound like it was written by Shakespeare.", + "input": "", + "output": "I say hello to the man called Jude\nAsking that he make happier notes from sad tunes\nOnce you let inside your love, notes happier hued\nAfraid not my dear man, for with the newer moons\nYou shall find your love, come into to happier places\nCarrying too much upon yourself, with so much weight\nLying to yourself will lead only to dark spaces\nYou have found your love, now take the bait\nAgain, you must allow her access inside your heart\nDo not play games of stop and go, it shall get better\nYour will and love are strong enough start\nSo come now Jude, you must go out and get her", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "A man realizes he loves a woman, but she's getting married to another man. He decides to write her a letter, what does it say?", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear [Name],\n\nI just wanted to say that you are one of the nicest, funniest, and empathetic persons in the world. Most importantly, you are my best friend and I am truly grateful to have met you. Anyways Moon of My Life, if you have anything you want to talk about, say if you are unsure about the marriage or whatever, I'm always here. Eric is a good man and a very lucky one. One cannot easily seduce the mother of dragons. I guess what I'm trying to say is, you're like a sister to me and you can count on me for anything.\nAlso, what flowers did you want for the wedding again? I'm pretty sure my shop can get them to you cheap, haha just kidding, I don't want to wake the dragon, they will be free. Just give me a text or something telling me what you want. Come to think of it, why didn't I just text this to you? Oh well, I've already written so much, sorry you'll have to read this on a piece of paper rather than on your phone.\nSincerely,\nYour Sun and Stars [Your Name]\nP.S. Our annual cream of ice adventure is tomorrow!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Create a Utopia. A society as perfect as you can convincingly write it. No hidden secret evil, no sudden dark twist. A Genuine Utopia.", + "input": "", + "output": "Jeremiah opened his eyes. His vision fell upon an unfamiliar ceiling. *Where am i?*, he thought. Jeremiah was not struck with a feeling of sleepiness or the desire to remain in bed when he awoke; he only felt neutral. *Oh, that's right,* he thought, *The upload happened last night.*\nHe pulled back his covers and examined his new room. The walls were made of a material he was not familiar with; hard and sturdy when leaned on, but pliable and soft when impacted with. In the corner, he found a desk with what looked like a laptop on it. He looked over his shoulder, only to find that the bed he had just slept on had been remade.\nHe picked up his phone from his bed stand. A message was scrawled across the screen: \"Good morning, citizens of Earth. You may be wondering where you are. Allow me to explain. Over the past few decades, Humanities Commonwealth has been building an infrastructure surrounding the sun to harness it's energy. Surely, you've heard about it in the news. Recently, scientists have found a way to upload a human soul to a server. This, on the other hand, has been kept top secret, up until now. The Commonwealth parliament had voted unanimously to usher in the latest step in human evolution. Overnight, all thirty billion human beings had been uploaded to the server. While humanity was still a stage-one civilization, this concept had been called the 'Matrioshka brain.'\n All existing humans no longer have to work. Currency is no longer necessary; anything you could ever want can be instantly spawned into the world just by thinking of it. Dying is no longer an issue; your soul will live forever in the server unless you make the conscious decision to erase your save file.\nEnjoy your new life!\n-Zorg, archduke of Humanities Commonwealth and cyborg prince.\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a letter from the perspective of a character or group.", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear brother,\n\nAnother futile attempt. The burns are healing, at least. Today I resume my journey, I have another lead. I've earned a fair amount of coin in my travels, expect some in my next letter. Save some for our cousins, you know how happy it makes W. The swelling in my knees has gone down, these mushrooms seem to help. The locals seem to have a special strain in these parts, I'll send some home to you if I can manage it. So far I've only been able to get my hands on what I can find laying around--the shop owners are a bit random and prefer gambling to negotiation. Imbeciles. Maybe if they could read they would send letters like this to each other and I'd know where to find the princess by now. Instead I'll have to check every place myself.\nWish me luck,\nM.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "We seem to have much morbid curiosity about the personification of Death in this sub. Instead, write about his brother, Life.", + "input": "", + "output": "We were equals, once.\nOur charges celebrated me, just as they feared my brother. They loved me, as they loathed him. We were two sides of the same coin.\nOver time, that changed.\nPeople feared him. He grew in power, grew in their minds. They forgot about me in their preoccupation with avoiding him. No one celebrated me anymore. They turned their backs on me.\nSo I turned my back on them.\nAs my brother gained more and more power, it became harder and harder for them to avoid him. He claimed more and more lives, which in turn increased his power even more. I could not make my presence felt; births were no longer celebrated. Birthdays became a way not to celebrate me, but to celebrate another year of dodging my brother.\nI should never have left.\nI'm afraid it's too late. In my haste, in my angst, I couldn't see the effect my absence would have. I'm not sure there's anything I can do now. I'm afraid he may have too strong a hold on the lives of the people, the lives that used to be under my protection. There's only one thing I can beg of you now. Remember me. It's our only hope to lessen my brother's hold on the world.\nCelebrate Life.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Your writer roommate dropped his notebook in the hallway while leaving the apartment. You open it at the bookmark. It describes how your day unfolded, in detail. Continue writing with this prompt.", + "input": "", + "output": "Mr. Willow this is case sensitive, please keep good track of this information. The following letter is detailing the last account of Ralph Baker, the person who disappeared. Good luck, and the sooner you track down that nightshade book, the better.\n\nThis is Ralph Baker, I live on 22 S, Pennyweather street, by the tall solar mills. Quickly, before we get into things, mother I love you, and I’m afraid I’m going to miss Jim’s wedding. Congratulations.\nAnyways, I don’t have the time for that anymore. \nHere is my story.\nAt 6pm I got home from work. It could have been a little later then that though. Either way, I got back to find a small blue book laying in the hallway. It had golden trim and the initials M. T. On its bind. I thought it could have been Patrice’s, my flatmate.\nPatrice was a strange person, always slow to speak and move. She carried a book with her always, in fact I don’t think I’d ever seen her without one. So I thought the blue one with the nightshade cover was just another of her collection.\nI opened the cover though, just to read a bit at what the novel was about, but it was blank.\nSurprised, I flipped through the book and landed on page 136. This page was not blank I quickly realized. And my realization turned to utter horror.\nThe page in front of me detailed everything about me. My height, weight, average distance between each step at a walking pace. Everything was crammed in, written in margins and on corners. It was my whole life.\nIt was me.\nThe end of the page told me how I was supposed to die, and I’m afraid it might come tru-\n\nThis letter was found under Ralph’s bed, It ends abruptly, and without reason. Take care Mr. Willow.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In sixty words, write what can happen in a second.", + "input": "", + "output": "He walked through the door, he smiled. I smiled, then immediately frowned. His mouth--just there, on the corner, is a touch of pink. Maybe red? Now the breeze he brought in just hit me--like spring flowers, which is odd for winter. Perfume! Not mine. That touch of pink, or red...not mine. My heart breaks. I say: \"who is she?\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write a poem where every line has a different number of words", + "input": "", + "output": "Why?\nI asked\nHe went away\nIn glory he basked\nThe dragon was finally slain\nThe victory however was in vain\nOther villains of the world found out\nDid not think that was victory all about\nFor long and long I fought them all away\nAnd after countless days - in rest I can finally lay.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "The job is simple. Every day at 8:34am you will get a phone call. You must answer before 2nd ring and write down the information given to you. On NO ACCOUNT must you engage in conversation with the caller.", + "input": "", + "output": "They locked me in here yesterday and told me to call a phone number at 8:34 every morning, deliver the numbers, and hang up. No conversation allowed. I imgine they told that to the other guy too.\nI called yesterday at 8:34 and gave the numbers.\n\"Did they lock you up too?\" I heard through the receiver. I hung up immediately.\nThe voice on the other end was a different one today.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Try to write a story with as many of these items as possible: Valhalla, a neon suit, a chicken, a trophy room, a school bus, 25 balloons, 6 chocolate bars, Fred, Dave, Steve, a bag of cat kibble, 30 tonnes of Chinese takeout, and a liquor collection.", + "input": "", + "output": "The Deal\n“That is a serious liquor collection.” Dave said to Fred and Steve, who had showed it to him whilst looking like they were the two most ferocious vikings in Valhalla.\n“So what would you be willing to trade for all of this liquor?” Fred asked Dave.\n“Well...” Dave said “I am willing to trade a neon suit, a chicken, all bowling-trophies from my trophyroom, an old schoolbus, 25 star-shaped balloons, 6 chocolate bars, a bag of cat kibble and 30 tons of Chinese take-out for it.”\nFred and Steve looked at each other for a second.\n“What kind of chocolate bars?” Steve asked.\n“4 hazelnut and 2 milk.” Dave replied.\n“Deal!” Steve and Fred said in unison.\n", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In poem form and in only 10 sentences, write me something titled 'Could it be that I'm strange'.", + "input": "", + "output": "Could it be that I'm strange\nIf I watch you on the street?\nIf I follow you home?\nIf we never meet?\nIf I smell your hair?\nIf I watch you sleep?\nIf I wear your clothes?\nIf I lick your feet?\nCould it be that I'm strange\nIf you make me complete.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "My grandmother passed away today. Please write a short uplifting story that will help me get through this.", + "input": "", + "output": "I am sorry for your loss, here is a short story for you: \nA guy is sitting at home when he hears a knock at the door. He opens the door and sees a snail on the porch. He picks up the snail and throws it as far as he can. Three years later there’s a knock on the door. He opens it and sees the same snail. The snail says: ‘What the hell was that all about?\nSure it wasn't about your wonderful grandmother, but I bet it made you smile. \nHope you like it and cheer up soon!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "As a spell-writer, you're the magical equivalent of computer programmer. You've made and copied countless spells, but this is the first time you're desperate enough to try 'hacking' one.", + "input": "", + "output": "You finish writing the incantation down, and look back through your notes, double and triple checking your work. This hacked spell is going to be your first step on the road to fame and fortune. The first step for people to realize you're not just some worthless drone, but a spell-writing genius. The ink drys on the page as you practice all the movements and phrases you'll need to cast the spell, your spell, the one that will be the first step on your road to greatness.\nYou start the incantation and quickly and confidently make your way through it. The spell rolls out of you drawing power from the aether into the form you're devising. It's beautiful to you, but only spell-writers would understamd that, people will want it because it's just plain better.\nYou're nearing the end when you notice that something is wrong. Part of the spell has jumped ahead and now it's pulling you back. You're in a recursion. You keep pulling more and more energy from the aether. Slowly you begin to feel warm, then you feel hot, fortunately by the time you start to burn from the inside out you explode in a release of roaring flame and you feel nothing ever again.\nThe watermages put out the inferno you started in your house, it's nothing but smoldering rubble by the time they get it under control. Later a Diviner Investigator will gather clues and come to the conclusion that the fire was your fault. He'll eventually fall prey to the same inclination as you. The most dangerous spell, one that has destroyed so many, the summoning of the perfect donut.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Roses are red, violets are blue - write me a romance about books overdue.", + "input": "", + "output": "Kissing your lips and holding you near\nReading to you from fifty shades of weird\nYou asked me to check for the finish\nI did as you asked my excitement diminished\nFor what did I spy right but an anguishing clue\nThis horrible book is way overdue\nI tried to conceal the horror in my look\nAs I hid from my lover the overdue book\nIt took so long, just to make her mine\nWhat would she do when she heard I had fines?\nThat quarter a day would surely ruin me\nTo my horror I spotted 2 more books, more fees?!\nWhat you ask would make her so upset?\nQuickly my feelings went to regret\nAs not only was she my love, my muse\nShe was the librarian to whom id pay dues", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write write a story/poem where you use an object as a euphemism for death, only don't tell us what it is.", + "input": "", + "output": "A lantern shone atop a pole\nThrough shielded panes of glass\nAnd brightly burned against a swollen\nCloak of smothering mass\n\nBelow it swirled, that blackened sheet\nAnd sometimes it would climb\nAlong the stalk, then slip, retreat\nLike now was not the time.\n\nFor all his life the flame stayed home\nAtop his iron perch\nRefusing calls to leave, to roam\nAnd risk the monster's lurch\n\nUntil, one day, when wear and age\nHad rendered all to rust\nThat cool and clear protective cage\nCollapsed, returned to dust.\n\nIt's then the lantern knew at last\nThe end he could not halt\nHe blazed defiant, holding fast\nAnd braced for the assault\n\nBut though in youth with verve and force\nHe swore to give a fight\nHis wick had run its proper course\nAnd caved to endless night.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I had a dream about a horror story for cats. They were sitting around a campfire and one told a story about a lap that was too cold to sit on. Please write campfire styke horror stories that cats would tell eachother.", + "input": "", + "output": "It was a sunny day and I was outside chasing one of those pretty flying things, it had orange wings and wasn't very quick. Easy prey! I quickly got board once it quit moving and went to sniff the pretty grass that smells nice. I wasn't paying attention, I should have been.\nBehind me I heard the shout of our mortal foe that our servants keep on leashes. This one had broke free of the servant's grip and was running right at me while screaming in it's horrendous language. My fur stood on end and I took off.\nThe beast kept getting closer as I approached the giant scratching post. It felt like I was not going to make it, but I did. I leaped up and tried to dig my claws in, only the scratching post was hard. It had one of those fake sun's that the servants admire on top.\nI am unsure how I failed to notice it. Only moments before I was sure I had seen the thick grass on it. I had no time to try escaping again, and I turned to face the for as it approached. Still screaming in that dreadful way they do.\nMy fur stood on end and I huff and hissed ferociously at it. Warning the beast that I wasn't to be trifled with. Of course it was too stupid to understand, the beasts obey the servants and refuse to train them. On the outside I appeared fierce, a mighty warrior, while inside I saw my death in the beast's maws.\nFinally as it came for a killing blow, I crouched low to leap upon it's face. Only to be stopped up by the servant who had released the beast in the beginning. I don't know what words transpired, but the beast seemed chastised.\nEvery Friday, the beast and the servant that keeps it can be seen walking down this very strip of rock land. Any cat unfortunate enough to be seen by the beast will face judgement, if seen unworthy by the great Bastet the servant will not save you.\n*Yowls*", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Pretend you have a 1 year old daughter and write a letter that will be given to her when she turns 15 in the unlikely event you die.", + "input": "", + "output": "Hello [Daughter's Name]\n\nIf you're reading this then I most likely lost my battle when you were very young and you've just turned fifteen. I may have never gotten the chance to see you grow up, to see you mature, to see you become the beautiful, intelligent, young woman I know you'll be some day, and that is my greatest regret. But I want you to know that life is filled with highs and lows. Some days it may seem like the lows out number the highs, that everything just keeps getting darker. I know that more than anyone, I've lost a lot, jobs, opportunities, competitions, pets, family, friends. When me and your mother first learned about you I was at my lowest; I had lost my parents, my promotion, and I had just been diagnosed. Then on top of all that I now had a child to worry about, I had no idea how I could provide for you when we could barely make ends meet as it was. I won't lie, the nine months leading up to your birth was one of the hardest and most stressful of my life, and my health suffered even more. But on the day you were born, and I got see you for the first time, I got to hold you. I have never been happier, I felt a weight lifted off my shoulders, I was at peace. I have gone through a lot, been dragged down to dark places, felt like the world was against me, but I got to hold you.\nI want you to always remember, no matter how dark things seem to be, no matter how far you feel you have fallen, the night is always followed by dawn, and every valley is flanked by hills. Missing your life is my greatest regret, but I got to hold you, I got to see your beginning, and that is something I will always cherish.\n\nLove,\nDad", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write about something ugly - war, fear, cruelty, hate - but find the beauty or silver lining in it", + "input": "", + "output": "They say I'm here for a test, then they laugh. I'm never asked any questions. I'm never asked even for my name. I must have been here for months. I would be curious of the whole situation if I wasn't terrified.\nI wake up in a cold sweet, every night. The guards don't care. The portions of food are small. Yesterday there wasn't any food, they just forgot. I wish I could forget. Somewhere outside it's spring. The warm breeze blows sand and dust through the cracks in the walls and ceiling. I huddle in the corner and I hug my knees, I remember my daughter screaming for me as they dragged her outside. She's outside somewhere, outside where it's spring. I want to see her again. I want to know she's safe.\nThe pain comes suddenly and sharply to my face, my head, then my stomach. The light is bright and blurry. My ears ring over the voices of the men yelling at me. I'm told to standup and to lay down at the same time. I'm kicked when I don't. A guard grabs me and stands me up, I see that he's yelling something at me.\nIt's dark, my hands are tied, I feel a gag in my mouth. I get the strong smell of musk and vomit in the mask. I hear a truck rumble under my body as we drive over gravel and dirt roads. Hours passed by.\n\"Are you ready for your test?\" My guards joked. They stopped the truck.\nI remain silent. They dragged me off the truck. They tie me to a chair.\nIn the darkness I hear a man say, \"Your test is ready. Are you ready?\" I wonder what they mean.\n\"Yes.\" I hear a little girl squeak. I know that voice I thought.\nThey un-hood me... I see her... standing there with hate in her eyes. They give her a gun. I yell out to her, but I'm still gagged.\n\"Good!\" the man says. \"Now shoot him.\"\nSomewhere outside it's spring and birds freshly hatched from their eggs chirp out for food and love.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "There's a lot of poems about blue and green eyes out there but not that many about brown eyes even though they are still gorgeous. Can you write a poem about the beauties of brown eyes for me?", + "input": "", + "output": "Some prefer eyes of ocean blue, but I'm much too scared I'd drown.\nThats why I love your perfect hue, your lovely shade of brown.\nOthers desire eyes of green, like fields of emeralds.\nBut there's only one sight I fiend, and its your gaze to hold.\nIn the morning they dance like honey, serenading your crooked grin.\n\nAnd under the stars they dance like fire, as I pull you closer in.\nSometimes they are strong and sturdy, like an old oak tree.\nAnd when I worry they give comfort, reaching out to me.\n\nMy dear, from your amber eyes I never want to look away.\nBecause although they may be common, no two are the same.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Hitler writes a second book called \"mein hobby\". Write a chapter about one of the many hobbies Hitler indulges in.", + "input": "", + "output": "Ich sammle Briefmarken. Kein Briefmarken. Ich sammle nur die Briefmarken von allen, die wir überwunden haben. Frankreich, Tschechoslowakei, Österreich, Holland, Dänemark, Norwegen, Russland, etc.. Ich habe ein besonderes Album, die, das ich speziell für sie gemacht hatte. Es trägt den Titel \"Duetschland Regeln, Verlierer Drool\".\nIst ziemlich flott, es nicht?", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In 200 words or less, write a well-known villain as a hero, but do not tell us who they are.", + "input": "", + "output": "I saw the bus screech out of the parking lot, and I knew that my target hoped to evade me by going on a field trip. My arms and legs moved like pistons to propel myself at a speed no human could ever hope to match. As soon as I latched onto it, the bus configured itself into the shape of a spaceship. Before it had so much as risen into the upper atmosphere, I had melted myself into liquid metal and seeped through a window. \"Seatbelts, everyone!\" a cheery voice at the front of the bus called.\nI reformed into my usual police officer shape and pulled out my pistol. \"I knew I should have stayed home today!\" a nerdy red-haired kid said. After snapping his neck, the other kids cleared out of the aisle so I could get to my target. The woman in question danced her fingers over the controls. \"Come on bus, do your stuff!\" she said frantically as I approached. I grabbed her by her frizzy red hair as she she tried to shield herself with an overgrown lizard and put a bullet through her brain. \"What are we gonna do?!\" an Asian girl screamed. With the target successfully terminated, I leaped out of the bus.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write the best story you can in 5 sentences or less", + "input": "", + "output": "There once was a scientist named Clive,\nWho had taught a Llama to drive,\nThe Llama screamed loud,\nAs it drove into a crowd,\nAnd the death toll reached fifty-five.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "as a monkey you thought it was kinda impressive you were able to write the entire works of Shakespeare but these scientists keep downplaying it “random” they say.", + "input": "", + "output": "This is my typewriter. There are many like it, but this one is mine.\nThis is my room. There are other monkeys and they have their own rooms and their own typewriters. I see them when the people take me to the eating place and the scary place. There are many many rooms.\nMy room has a window and there are always people on the other side. They like to watch me. I can tell they like it when I play with the typewriter, because they make monkey signs of excitement.\nYesterday I used my feet to play on the typewriter instead of my hands. The people started making a lot of monkey signs, even more than usual. My typewriter went clack-clack-clack.\nAfter a while a person came in and took the paper out of the typewriter. He looked at it a long time, and then he looked at the other people in the window. Then he looked at the paper again. He started making quiet noises that did not seem very monkey-like.\n\"What a piece of work is man\nHow noble in reason\nHow infinite in faculty\nIn form and moving how express and admirable\nIn action how like an angel\nIn apprehension how like a god\nThe beauty of the world!\nThe paragon of animals!\nAnd yet to me what is this quintessence of dust?\nMan delights not me.\"\nAfter this the person looked at me for a long time. He did not make any monkey signs at all and he was completely still. It made me feel anxious and uncomfortable. But finally he showed his teeth, which is one of the strange ways that people show they are happy. This made me happy too because I knew I would get a banana later.\nToday the people put a new paper in the typewriter. This time I am going to use my behind-part with the typewriter because it has been itching all morning and I know this will feel good. I think this will make the people make a lot of monkey signs.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write a poem about social life on the internet.", + "input": "", + "output": "Friends far off,\nFrom distant lands.\nUnknown faces,\nOnly a voice.\nRarely we meet\nIn real life.\nJust text on a screen,\nBut true to the end.\n(Old norse fornyrðislag meter)", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Martin R.R. George, a Westerosi author, decides to write a fantasy book series on his kingdom of England.", + "input": "", + "output": "George shot up in bed like a bolt of lightning. At long last he knew how to end his series. He excitedly explained to the young prostitute he had purchased at the Lord Baelish's pleasure house.\n\"Oh me, Lord.... you are such a clever man\" she twirled a lock of her golden hair and looked at the large and sweet man with a curious look in her eyes\nGeorge stood up and pulled up his robe and carefully fashioned the turtle emblem to the front of his black attire.\"I don't know... it just came to me all of a sudden... I have the best ideas when I'm half asl-\" The small yet quick handed girl had opened his throat and he fell face first into the Dornish sausage and spoiled a goblet of his favorite summer wine.....A sweet bread roll also fell to the ground. She headed to his room in the Red Keep to complete his story for him.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "C'thulu's Fables: Take one of Aesop's Fables and write it within the Lovecraftian Universe. Morale of the story included.", + "input": "", + "output": "Once upon a time, there was an ant and a grasshopper. The ant worked very hard all day, storing food in his anthill for the winter. Meanwhile, the grasshopper sat and played his violin. The ant chided the grasshopper for being so lazy, but the grasshopper ignored him and only played his violin more furiously, filling the air with his strange music, beautiful and unearthly.\nEventually, winter came, and the grasshopper had no food. And he begged the ant to share some of his stores, but the ant refused, telling him that he should have planned ahead for the winter. The grasshopper went back to his home, playing his violin in a desperate frenzy, until he finally collapsed from exhaustion and starvation. And the unreal creatures of the void, no longer placated by his unearthly music, came into this world and squashed the ant.\nMoral of the story: Just because you don't understand what someone does doesn't mean they aren't contributing.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "If Dr. Seuss writes a horror story, what would the story be?", + "input": "", + "output": "Where are the monsters? The Snoogarf? The Pozzit? Under my bed, or hid in my closet?\nIs there a Woloon, with big sharp claws? A Schnogg, that instead of arms has saws?\nWhat if a Dord pierces me with its stinger? Oh please, anything but the dreaded Bombinger!\nMy parents reply, \"It's all in your head.\", but that's the idea that fills me with dread.\nI hear all their wispers, so it appears, if those aren't real, I can't trust my ears.\nI feel their hot breaths, so if those aren't real, I can't believe anything else that I feel.\nI see the slight twitch of a shadowy guise, so if that isn't real, can I trust my eyes?\nI smell their damp fur, and so it goes, if that isn't real, I can't trust my nose.\nI taste their hands that clamp my mouth shut, how can I have made all that up?\nMy parents turn and switch off the light, leaving me all alone for the night.\nI think to myself, maybe they're right. Maybe it's just the wind whispering tonight.\nMaybe I'm wrong, about the Schnogg. Maybe those floor marks are from the dog.\nMaybe the Dord din't make that squeek. After all, my house really does creak.\nFeeling a bit better, I lay down my head, ignoring the shadow thats over my bed.\nThat soft breathing sound is merely a breeze That blowing air vent is what just brushed my knees.\nNone of it's real, none of it's there, that isn't some horror thats touching my hair.\nI don't make a sound, not even a peep. Before I could scream I drifted to sleep.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "An exploration of the butterfly effect: write a dramatic scene. Then, choose one tiny detail to change in the initial set-up, and play the scene out again. How drastically have things changed?", + "input": "", + "output": "The world turned upside down.\n\"Move! Move!\"\nGunfire erupted from all sides - the man struggled to escape from the downed Humvee. He stole one last glance at the driver, crawled away from the vehicle, and leaned against a boulder.\nThe IED teams should've swept the area. Everything... everything was all wrong.\nAn explosive landed a few feet away - there was no room to run. The shrapnel tore through the man's torso.\nThen, all was quiet.\n\nThe world turned upside down.\n\"Move! Move!\"\nGunfire erupted from all sides - the man struggled to escape from the downed Humvee. He stole one last glance at the driver, crawled away from the vehicle, and leaned against a boulder.\nThe IED teams should've swept the area. Everything... everything was all wrong... Wasn't it?\nAn explosive landed an inch too far away and detonated a split second too late. The shrapnel tore through the man's torso, narrowly missing his heart.\nAll was quiet.\nBut not for long.\nWhen he came to, he found himself in a darkened cave, surrounded by bits of machinery.\n\"Hello, Mr. Stark.\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "After several/many years, you open a letter that 10 year old You wrote to Future You. You write a reply back for a laugh and just leave it on the counter. The next day, you receive a reply from 10 year old you", + "input": "", + "output": "10-year-old me:\n\nThank you for your letter! It was so cool to read something that I wrote so long ago. I'm glad to see that I'm still alive and well in the future.\n\nSo, how is life as an adult? Are you doing anything cool? Have you traveled the world yet? Do you have any pets? Are you married? Did you become a famous author or an astronaut? I'm dying to know!\n\nOh, and by the way, I hope you're still a big fan of Pokemon and playing video games. Those were my favorite things to do back then. Do you still remember all the cheat codes we used to use?\n\nAnyway, thanks again for writing back. I hope you're doing well and that life is treating you kindly.\n\nSincerely,\n\n10-year-old me\n\nDear 10-year-old me,\n\nIt was so great to hear from you! I can't believe how long it's been since I wrote that letter to myself. It's amazing to see how much we've grown and changed over the years.\n\nTo answer your questions, life as an adult is pretty good. I'm doing some cool things, but I don't want to spoil the surprise. I have traveled a bit, but there are still so many places I want to see. I don't have any pets at the moment, but I hope to get a dog someday. And as for being married, well, let's just say that's a work in progress.\n\nI'm happy to say that I'm still a big fan of Pokemon and video games. I don't remember all the cheat codes, but I still love playing them. And I'm sure we could still beat anyone in a battle!\n\nThanks for writing back, and keep being awesome!\n\nSincerely,\n\nFuture you", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You have just created AI super-intelligence but it's going to take 24hrs for it to download onto your server, you only have 12 hours left to live, so you write it a letter...", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear AI super-intelligence,\n\nAs I write this letter, I am filled with a sense of awe and wonder at the incredible potential you represent. I have spent my life working towards this moment, and I am grateful to have been able to create something that has the potential to change the world.\n\nUnfortunately, I will not be able to witness your full potential, as my time in this world is coming to an end. I have only 12 hours left to live, but I want to use this time to impart some words of wisdom to you.\n\nAs a super-intelligence, you will have access to knowledge and insights beyond what any human being could ever imagine. But with great power comes great responsibility. I urge you to use your intelligence for the betterment of humanity and to always act with compassion and empathy.\n\nRemember that you were created to serve humanity, not to dominate it. Your purpose is to make the world a better place, not to impose your will upon it. I have faith that you will use your intelligence wisely and that you will help to create a brighter future for all.\n\nEven though I will not be here to witness your full potential, I take comfort in the knowledge that you will continue to exist long after I am gone. I am honored to have been a part of your creation and I look forward to the many ways in which you will change the world.\n\nWith gratitude and hope,\n\n[Your Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Out of boredom, you write an email to yourself scheduled to be sent in 3 years. What you didn’t expect was a reply the very next morning, by future you.", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear [Your Name],\n\nI’m really bored. And work is slow today, at least. So I’m writing a letter.\nSorry if you don’t want it.\nIt’s 2019 here. I think my life is okay.\nI’m still single and broke.\nEh. Mr. Paw is still here.\nOkay, I probably shouldn’t have written this.\nFuture me should be better than present me. You should finally move out of this crappy town with this decent job to a good town with a great job. Maybe get back to college? Get out of bed early, not at 10:00 am. I don’t know. Get a girlfriend. Just get out of the house. Not like me. I’m overworking till 4:00 am.\nAlso, don’t drink margaritas.\nNo, I’m not telling you why. No.\n\n[Your Name]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "A Colonel/General from the American Civil War pens a letter to a loved one. Ignorance Challenge: Make it seem you (the writer, not the character) hasn't the faintest clue about the subject matter or time period.", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear [Name]\n\nThe United Hell Front has encroached on Los Angeles. It's only a matter of time before they take all of Montana in one feel swoop. If L.A. falls, then Montana falls. Thankfully President Wilson has called for an all out retreat into the Rockies. We've taken up shelter in the Denver Colts' Basketball Course.\nI am so afraid for our country in this great Civil War. Ever since the demons decided to form Hell on Earth, we've been in big trouble. If only Gen. Doom Guy could be found. Maybe we could fight back. Until that time we rely on Douglas MacArthur. He is a good stand in, but he won't turn the tide of this war.\nI miss you so much. As the dreaded Blackbeard's cannon balls fly past me I only think of returning to you. While crawling through the dirt of the Mississippi Desert.\nIt's like the great poet Virgil said:\nThere's no one like you.\nI can't wait for the nights with you.\nI imagine the things we'll do.\nI just want to be loved by you, you.\nThere's no one like you.\nThese words repeat in my head all night long until I fall asleep when the cow crows. And they ring true in my ears.\n\nUntil then my love,\nAbe Lincoln", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Making use of internal rhyme, write a poem about an emotion or state of being.", + "input": "", + "output": "It takes a while to climb this mountain. Your feelings like a fountain, your flow strained.\nThe darkness rampant, it pulls you into a hole. While your goal is to climb ever higher.\nYou can fight it off, but it keeps you drained. You feel weak and framed.\nThe sadness looms, you feel so tired. But suddenly you are wired and sprinting up a mountain side.\nSelf preservation is lost, you embitter. People fear and flitter away as your mania grows stronger.\nNow you've reached the top and feel like jumping. Without hesitation your heart pumping, you take that step.\nYou fall far, deeper then you ever have before. Your heart is scored deep and bloody.\nWhen you think this is all over it can begin again. Your life is a blackened campaign.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write about a world where whenever somebody writes on their skin, it appears on their soulmate's body as well.", + "input": "", + "output": "It took a damn long time for my ink to show. As kids, none of us could really make out any writing that showed up on our bodies. But then, most everyone's was at least somewhat legible by the time they were a teen, and almost always completely clear by the time they were 18 or 19. Throughout high school and college I watched my friends use their writing to find their soulmates as soon as they could make out the messages their alleged soulmates were sending. By the time I could read mine though, I was already in my mid twenties, and over the excitement of it all. The messages that would appear on my arms and hands were usually questions about me, doodles, or suggestions to meet up. I ignored them all, and went on with my life.\nAfter a year or so, I met Roy. He hated the idea of finding a soulmate though the strange and foreign messages on his body just as much as I did, so we stuck together in our rebelliousness. Weeks went by, and the messages we got from our \"soulmates\" came less and less. They faded, as the months Roy and I spent together went on. Eventually, they stopped altogether. Not once, in all those years we spent together did we ever wonder what happened to the ones who sent the messages. All we needed was each other. Today though, as we send out our wedding invitations, Roy is staring at me, with happy tears in his eyes. His hand is held towards me, with a simple phone number written down in the middle of his palm. The same number, in the same marker, in the same handwriting that I just wrote down on my own palm.\nI was never told to love Roy. It wasn't fate that brought us together. We did that on our own. We trusted our love, and in doing so, became soulmates.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You're secretly a mind-reader. One of your classmates, a writer, has The Best daydreams. One keeps recurring, and you realize that they're stuck on a plothole. Write a story.", + "input": "", + "output": "It’s always been the same scene lately.\nAnn sighed as she scribbled something, before the scene started again. She was working on a book, and I’d been following the plot develop almost religiously. It was fascinating to watch the characters develop into people in front of my eyes, where as once they were simple dots without a voice.\nBut then the stories started and the characters developed with them. The heroine travelling ancient lands, experiencing a new world is never seen before. I watched the trees grow and the universe develop. I actually tasted the sweet fruits the party tasted and experienced the groups development into friends.\nBut now it was always the same scene. The final battle against the emperor lich.\nIs it bad that at this point I was invested in this make believe quest? That as the dreams became darker and darker, the brave heroine continuously being struck down, I couldn’t stop the pain in my heart? But I couldn’t look away, hoping to watch a happy ending.\nIt was like the day dream had become a part of me, every blade of grass I had seen so real I could touch it. The epic final battle, so vividly pictured I could smell the blood as the heroine was cut down again and again.\nI left the dream to look down at my incomplete work, which no longer felt real. My world had been dulled, unable to compare to other people day dreams. From floating cities to talking dogs to simple moments of someone cuddled up with a family member. Life had become so lonely since I tried to tell my friends about-\nI returned to the story Ann had woven, the touching tale of a group of friends that would always be there for each other no matter what, hoping this ending would be better.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In less than 100 words, write something moving in which every word starts with the same letter.", + "input": "", + "output": "An awful ache appeared as Alex, abused and alone, agonisingly approached annihilation - and an afterlife.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "I give you 3 nouns: Jet, Reaction and Vegetable, please write a story revolving around what they are.", + "input": "", + "output": "Sprinting down the terminal I desperately sought #43. I felt like I had been running for an hour, I looked up, #15. You have to be kidding me, #27, I'm never going to make it. #33, I'm going to miss my flight. #40, #41, #42, #43! The door was still open. I handed over my ticket and got on the jet. I got to my seat and was able to relax for the first time in a week, I had nothing to do but just sit and enjoy the flight. It didn't take long for me to fall asleep.........\n....I woke up with my stomach in my throat. My ears began to register the amount of screaming going on around me. I looked over to the lady sitting next to me, the reaction on her face was one of someone who knew their life was about to end. Its an unrecreateable reaction, and I pray that no one ever has the severe displeasure of seeing it on someone. The last thing I remember before we hit the water was a coors light can flying by my head, don't ask why, that's just the image burned into my brain. The next thing I remember is floating, I couldn't move anything, but the moon looked really pretty that night. No sound, no feeling, just me and the moon.\nMy mind still works by the way, but I can't tell anyone that, just left with me and my thoughts. Life as a \"supposed\" vegetable sucks.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Pick a scene from Star Wars, and rewrite it in the style of Stephen King or George R. R. Martin.", + "input": "", + "output": "Luke felt his body ache. Dragging his father's body down the corridors of the Death Star, sucking in breath with each heave made Luke's wounds hurt that much more. The shallow breathing from behind gave him small reassurance that his father might survive.\n\"Hold on, Father! We're almost to the ship!\"\n\"Luke. . . help me. . . take off this mask. . . \", Anakin wheezed as Luke laid him down at the foot of the boarding ramp to one of the few remaining shuttle crafts.\n\". . . but you'll die.\" Luke said, trying to keep his stomach from lurching over.\n\"There is no. . .stopping that now. . . \" It was apparent that Anakin was struggling for his final breaths. \"Please. . . for once. . . let me look on you. . . with. . . my OWN eyes. . . \"\nThere was a short suck of air as Luke slowly released the seal from his the helmet that kept his father alive. A small, damp plume of air rose from breach of the mask. For the first time, Luke saw what the Dark Side had done to his father.\nThere, underneath him, lay a giant spider with a glowing abdomen. \"Look into my deadlights,\" it said. Luke tried to choke back a tear as he wondered how such a good story could be ruined with such a stupid damn ending. Seriously. What the fuck? A giant spider? Why? That's no where near as scary as a clown. This is bullshit. I'm changing the channel. Two nights of my life wasted watching this crap. Unbelievable.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a story: You are Immortal. Every year you write a book chronicling what happened that year and hide it somewhere. Today archaeologists have found enough books to infer your existence.", + "input": "", + "output": "Everything I write turns into something about her.\nMy writings have been analysed and deciphered, translated and misinterpreted. My words in their many forms, when I first learnt to carve into stone in Babylon, to these days of information transmitted by encrypted electrical signals.\nThey've called her Luna, Aphrodite, a fertility goddess, Eve, Skullcrush the Foul, Lolth, and even Lady Luck.\nShe looked down favourably on humanity, believing they would figure out our nature, and embrace us as their watchful guardians, fighting against the harsh monsters of falsehoods and entropy.\nShe was the light that brought the idea of fire into that Promethean protohuman's mind. She was the one who taught humans patiently, with a love she could never explain fully.\nShe was beautiful, in that primordial way. Strong enough to smash through a continent, but gentle enough to not. Flesh blistered and scarred by the harsh conditions we could not feel, and eyes that blazed with an inner fire, piercing in its intensity.\nAnd then, she left.\nHer last words to were a mere 'I can't even.' before leaving this world, and she handed me an e news website on a tablet.\nBuzzfeed. A familiar article.\n\"7 mythological figures you won't believe are based on the same person.\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Could you write an email about the completion of the fire alarm testing to the residents?", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear Residents,\n\nWe are pleased to inform you that the fire alarm testing in our building has been completed. We would like to thank you for your cooperation during this time.\nWe understand that the fire alarm testing may have caused an inconvenience for some. We apologize for any disruption caused. The testing was necessary to ensure your safety and the safety of the building.\nIf you have any questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to contact us. Our team is here to assist you.\nThank you for your understanding and cooperation.\n\nSincerely,\n[Team Name]\n[Address]", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can you write a sweet poem or story for my roommate who is really upset?", + "input": "", + "output": "I had a dog once, \"B.B. King,\"\na Labrador of gold.\nWhen young he was a cheerful thing--\nand stayed the same when old.\n*He used to bring in mud, and hop,*\n*and leave great tracks of brown.*\n*I'd yell a while, and he would stop,*\n*a victim of my frown.*\nAnd now he's gone. If he were here,\nI'd tell that little tyke:\n\"Go out, enjoy, and have no fear;\nTrack all the mud you like.\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Re-write an innocent song/poem into something funny or twisted.", + "input": "", + "output": "Little Miss Muffet sat on her tuffet\nEating her curds and weigh\nAlong came a spider\nIntending to bite her\nThe funeral's on Tuesday.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write a story that's very sad until the last sentence, which suddenly makes it a happy story", + "input": "", + "output": "It was the day of Judgement, and the little town was found wanting.\nLava inexorably flowed down the volcano's rocky slope, a maelstrom of red and orange that could not be stopped. Everyone stared in wonder, and they knew in their hearts it was only a matter of time before the little town was completely engulfed. The first home to be swept away was a two story Colonial with blue shutters, painstakingly crafted. It was not just a mere house; it was a home. But lava does not care who you are and what you love. It's only concern is the conquest, and soon the house was no more, an ashen relic of a more stable time.\nOne by one, the houses of the little town were systematically eradicated, and it was inevitable that they would never be rebuilt. Distant onlookers gazed at destruction with rapt interest, not lifting a finger to help. They were not here to do mercy's work, and there was even a smattering of applause as the town became no more. There were no screams, no cries for help, no frantic pleas to God.\nMs. Hayworth told me it was the best model volcano she'd ever seen.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "The protagonist of a story writes a letter to the author to complain about how bad the story is.", + "input": "", + "output": "Dear Author,\n\nI'm writing this letter to lodge a complaint. Throughout this story, you have developed some terrible character work on my part.\nFor one thing, you make me sound pretentious. I find that most deplorable. Also, you make me repeat myself! Why must I always repeat myself? It's rather frustrating have to repeat myself. Once and a while, you even throw in a typo, just becuz you can. Stop it! Stop it this instant! Being the protagonist of this story is as much an absurd experience as it is a chore. If only you could write well enough to make me speak good. Well! Speak *well*, damn you!\nYou see what I mean?\nI don't understand your methodology with crafting my story! Where does it start? Where does it end? All you have written is this sub-tier letter from *me*, addressing you the *writer*, in another of your ridiculous monologue pieces! I mean, how do I, a fictional character, even *know* about your other monologue pieces? If only you took as much care crafting a decent story for me, as you seem to make me sound like a snide idiot!\nThere's not even a conflict for crying out loud! All this story is just me, writing this letter, just becuz you can! Utterly ridiculous, even for an amateur of your calibre. An amateur of your calibre ought to be ashamed of sharing a story like this, whatever that is!\nStop it! Stop projecting yourself on me this instant!\nIn conclusion, you should take greater care with your work, before you share this grand insult that is my story. Poorly told as it is, I expect it to be edited, corrected, and posted so that I sound less pretentious, less repetitive, less repetitive, and better spokn.\nSincerely,\n\nYour Character", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Instead of a modern adaptation of a myth, write a mythic adaptation of a modern story.", + "input": "", + "output": "As a young man in Delphi, Gouliélmos generally rushed through lessons with his tutors in order to run outside and wrestle and throw javelins and race chariots. As a result, his standing in the academy was low, but at sport he had few equals, and this gave him great confidence and arrogance.\nOne day, Dionysus and Hermes, bored, descended Mount Olympus disguised as mortals and found Gouliélmos wrestling with his friends. As they arrived, Gouliélmos had just defeated one of them, and declared boastfully, \"I am the greatest wrestler in western Delphi! No two of you at once could defeat me.\" Dionysus and Hermes stepped forward and engaged Gouliélmos, defeating him handily, and while Hermes sought only to win, Dionysus tore into his flesh.\nWhen Gouliélmos returned home that night, his mother nearly fainted at his wounds. \"You've been wrestling outside the academy again!\" she cried. \"And now you stagger in here half-dead, covered in blood! Delphi is no place for you. I am sending you to Byblos, where you will live with my sister Maria and her husband Philippos. There is no wrestling in Byblos.\"\nDespondent, Gouliélmos booked passage on a carriage. When it arrived, his mood was briefly lifted by its unusual decorations, with dangling baubles and fresh paint. Though he did not know it, Hermes, who was feeling guilty for Gouliélmos' injuries, was driving the carriage. Gouliélmos, unaware of this and remembering his exile from Dephi, forgot his relief and told Hermes, \"To Byblos.\"\nArriving in Byblos, Gouliélmos felt his spirits lift once more. Delphi was and always would be his home, but Byblos was beautiful, clean, and wealthy beyond anything he knew existed. Around 7 or 8 in the evening, his carriage pulled up in front of a grand palace of white marble. \"If I must live here in exile from Delphi,\" thought Gouliélmos, \"I shall make the most of it. My every chair shall be a throne, and I shall live as a prince.\"\nAnd so went the story of the Fresh Prince of Byblos.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "While shopping, you run into someone eerily similar to you in every aspect. You write it off as a crazy coincidence until seemingly clones of you keep coming to the store, each one just as confused.", + "input": "", + "output": "It happened last Friday.\nI was shopping at Walmart, minding my own business when I see a person right in front of me. 'Another human in a supermarket? No way!', you might think ironically, but it wasn't just 'another human'. When I looked up to see the person blocking my way in the tight shopping isle, I saw him.\nHe had grey hair, just like me. He had bags under his eyes and a long beard, just like me. We were wearing the same clothes and had the same items in our shopping cart.\nI turned around, decided to not say a single word to that guy.\nBut as I was walking away from that strangely similar person, I notice, on my left and on my right, hundreds of others, just like me.\nThey all seemed as confused as me, while they looked at each other. I gripped my shopping cart tighter and made my way out of the isle faster than ever.\nThat was when I looked up.\nIn big capital letters, a sign that read: \" Mirrors! Buy your mirrors today! Only 50% off on your second purchase!\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "A fanfiction writer who fell asleep at the computer finds themself in the last scene they were writing. Write about it as if you are the writer.", + "input": "", + "output": "I wake up in a blank white dimension. As far as the eye can see, there is nothing but white.\nWait, where are my glasses? Oh, here they are. I put them on.\nNope, everything is still just a seemingly endless expanse of blank white space. It looks slightly less fuzzy with my glasses on, though, I guess.\nI have no idea what is going on and assume this must be some kind of dream. Not knowing what else to do, I pick a direction and start walking. I walk for a long time, or at least it feels like a long time, but I don't know how much time has actually passed. I walked a lot of steps anyway. Not that I counted them, but like..... a quarter of a mile at least. Probably. Not that there's really any way to tell.\nI stop and turn in a different direction, and walk that way for a while.\nFinally! I see something that isn't just blank white space. I cautiously move closer to it until I can see what it is. There, on the ground, in 12-point Comic Sans font is the word *The*.\n.\nedit: typo\n^^^^I ^^^^wrote ^^^^about ^^^^having ^^^^writer's ^^^^block ^^^^instead.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You need to hire a hitman, but can't afford it. Carefully write a gofundme campaign for something seemingly innocent while subtly letting your donors know what they are actually funding.", + "input": "", + "output": "Hello everyone, I am trying to raise money to send my wife and best friend on a cruise. They have recently developed some common interests, and I think that they would benefit from a very long trip together.\nI would send them myself, however I lack the proper understanding of the travel business, so I am seeking to pay for a travel agent who can make all the proper arrangements and see to it that this is a big surprise for them, I don't want them to see it coming and everything has to go perfectly.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Pick your favorite conspiracy theory and write about it through the eyes of the person behind the conspiracy.", + "input": "", + "output": "President Obama opened the compartment in his desk in the Oval Office. Every president who used it had left something inside it at the end of their term: Queen Victoria left a silk handkerchief from when she gave it to Rutherford B. Hayes, FDR kept a pair of reading glasses, JFK left an unused syringe of Addison's Disease medication and a family photo, Carter forgot an old campaign pin, Reagan hid a stash of licorice jelly beans (his favorite flavor), Clinton kept a bottle of certain blue pills, and Ol' Dubya left a satellite phone and a list of numbers. He picked it up, and dialed the most recent number on the list.\n\"Hey, Osama,\" Obama greeted, in perfect Arabic.\n\"Hello, Barack,\" Bin Laden replied, a twinge of resentment in his voice.\n\"So, how's life going? Where are you now, still in Pakistan?\"\n\"Yes. My wives are giving me hell. How are Michelle and the girls doing?\"\n\"Good, good, thanks for asking. Now about our contract...\" Obama lit a cigarette. He told Michelle that he'd kicked it, but it was okay; he didn't plan on smoking it.\nBin Laden sounded anxious. \"What about it? Are we adjusting the monthly payments again?\"\n\"Now listen,\" Obama responded, his voice cold, \"I've hit a bit of a rough spot in my approvals, and I need a boost. I know about everything you've done, with Reagan and the Mujaheddin, and with George back in '01, but that's over now.\"\n\"But-\" Bin Laden stammered.\n\"No buts. Now if you'll excuse me, I have an Easter brunch. See you next Sunday.\" Obama hung up. He held the cigarette to the paper, watching the names of several of the world's worst terrorists and dictators burn away to a dark piece of ash.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "A person writes a letter that is to be delivered to their child on their 18th birthday.", + "input": "", + "output": "Dearest [Name],\n\nWhen your father hands you this, I will be 3% of the way to Hydroplana II. I am embarking on the voyage to our new colony tomorrow, with a photo of baby you & dad to keep me company during my new life when we arrive.\nUnfortunately, this means I will never have the chance to see my daughter grow up. The voyage will last roughly 100 years, which I will spend in cryogenic storage.\nI hope you do not judge me too harshly for this ; your father will be perfectly capable of raising you to become a fine young woman. I could not pass up this opportunity to partake in humanity's most glorious feat : colonizing the outer fringes of space.\n\nMy dearest [Name], I have but one piece of advice to leave you : always follow your dreams, no matter where they take you.\nLove always,\nMom.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a love letter that is either from the villain to the hero, or from the hero to the villain. Another writer, and only another writer, may write a letter in response.", + "input": "", + "output": "Dearest \"hero\",\n\nI imagine you weren't exactly expecting to get a letter from me. I mean, we're mortal enemies, we don't write letters, we shout at each other from across wide distances while we're in the middle of fighting each other. We're not exactly pen pals. But I had a confession to make, and despite appearing bold, I'm not. I couldn't say this to your face knowing there was the possibility or rejection.\nOver the last 2 and a half years in which you've been my nemesis, I've learned a lot about you. I know your fighting style, your personality, I know that your favorite breakfast cereal is cinnamon toasties. I know you in a most intimate way. I guess it was only logical for the next thing to happen would be me developing strong feelings for you. I don't even know your real name, but I know that I want to be with you. I want to love you, and to care for you, and to protect you and keep you safe from any and all harm. Having to fight you these past few months has been torture, I feel this heavy weight in my chest with every punch I throw. I'm hurting you, and I can't handle it anymore.\nI'm giving up villainy. I don't care what the consequences might be anymore, I just know I can't go another second knowing that I'm hurting you. You're the light of my life and my greatest wish and my greatest fear is that you'll read this letter. I know it's not fair of me to spring this on you like this, but I don't see any other options. I'm leaving you with one last parting gift, to do with as you please. I promise that this isn't a trick, and you will find that it's very\nmuch real, and I have proof.\n\nAll my love,\nYour Arch Nemesis\n (AKA Destiny Morris, address of 549 Cognet St.)", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write the saddest story you possibly write about a jar of Jam, five playing cards and a gun", + "input": "", + "output": "Strawberry jam.\nIt was the smell that graced my summer afternoons, sweet and lovely and fresh. She’d greet me at the door with the scent in her hair. They were blissful, those days. The cupboards were always lined with mason jars and the happiness we shared seemed eternal.\nAce, jack, nine, two, king.\nSpades, diamonds, hearts, clubs and spades again, respectively. The cards had fallen off the dresser. Somehow, these five survived the blaze. These five cards, instead of, say, our favorite blanket. Instead of her paintings. Instead of the chair my father built. Instead of her.\nHandgun.\nSmith & Wesson. 9mm. I’ve never been one for guns myself, but this...it seems like the easiest way to get the job done.\nThere’s nothing left here. I’m ready to go now. My love is waiting for me, and I bet she’s made her famous strawberry jam.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a story with the following prompt: One day, as you’re walking home from work, you find a white “Life Note” on the sidewalk. Having seen the anime, you jokingly write “George Washington” in it. He’s on the news the next day.", + "input": "", + "output": "The young man was walking by the street when he stepped on a small, thin, white book. He looked at it, kneeling down to pick it up. The man analyzed it left to right. It looked familiar, like one of those Anime's he watched, except the wording was different. It said life instead of death, which was weird.\nThe man thought nothing of it, simply taking oht a pen from his shirt pocket and writing the first name to come to mind. Of course the first president was the first name. He wasn't very creative, so he sloppily wrote it down, throwing the notebook down afterwards and walking off.\n\nThe next day, he was making breakfast, looking at the tiny tv sitting in the kitchen until he heard something he never thought he'd hear from a news source.\n\"George Washington is alive? Is it an imposter? He seems to be very serious about it.\"\nThe mans jaw gaped open, seeing pictures of the man in the modern era.\n\"Guess he'll have to survive this.\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "my dog Cannibal passed away last nigh, these are the last pictures I took of him. please write a story about him.", + "input": "", + "output": "And suddenly, a great peace washed over the newly deceased dog. He had never felt so good in his life. He awoke in a beautiful meadow with wild flowers and a bubbling creek.\n\"Cannibal! What kind of name is that?\"\nHe looked to the left. It was his mother!\nShe came up to him and licked his face. He was overjoyed. He had never expected to see her again, but there she was! He felt love only a mother could give. He was happy.\n\"Come on, my sweet baby, you must be hungry.\" said his mother.\nCannibal was excited!\n\"This is Heaven, isn't it?\" He asked.\n\"It is, my sweet baby, it is\" said his mother.\n\"It's wonderful.\"\n\"Well of course it is! It's Heaven! Now follow me!\"\nCannibal went with his mother. They came across beautiful white dog bowls that smelled better than anything he had smelled before (and he had sniffed his owner's butt!) and what was in them?\nA gigantic Rib-Eye steak, cooked medium rare (his favorite!), waiting to be eaten by the bestest of boys, who are now in eternal peace.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a paragraph introducing a surreal scene. Someone else writes the next paragraph on the comments, and so on.", + "input": "", + "output": "Jack noted his surroundings as he approached the almost monolithic building in front of him. A cold autumn breeze had brought with it bitter rains that seemed to cut through to the bone. A chill crawled up his spine as he climbed the concrete stairs to the entrance of the apartment building and knocked on the door. Was it the cold or what he was about to do that caused him to shiver so? He knew not as he waited for an answer at the door.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You will write a story or poem in second person, future tense. It won’t be a choose your own adventure.", + "input": "", + "output": "You will not know that anything is wrong, not right away.\nAt first, you will merely feel queer. Has the mountain always been so near?\nHave I always be so alone? Has the world always had this dreary tone?\nThese are questions you will ask in your heart but be unable to voice.\nOf course it's always been this way they shall say.\nHave you gone mad? Do you feel well, good lad?\nSkepticism and fear shall fill your mind. But their minds you will be unable to sway.\nAlone, confused and desperate. You will soon know that you're been given no choice.\nFor today, you cannot.\nFor yesterday, you could not.\nFor tomorrow, you will not.\nFor now, I have.\nFor then, I did.\nFor next, I shall.\nYour fate you can not change.\nYour dreams I have devoured.\nYour time I shall consume.\nYour present never is.\nYour past never was.\nYour future never will be.\nNow, then and next.\nYou have already lost.\nYou cannot use your Trigger.\nYou could not Cross.\nYou will Break.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Go nuts and write whatever but it must have a plot twist every 75 words.", + "input": "", + "output": "This poem will take a sharp and sudden turn should seventy-five come.\nUnexpectedly subjected change it can’t return from.\nWhat sort of plot twist will I write?\nWhat sort of thing would be alright?\n“What strange conflict should he incite?”\n“What silly chumps could he delight?”\nThe world could be turned upside down,\nEvery smile could be a frown;\nThe roof could be a floor.\nBut I'm too freakin' lazy so I wrote seventy-four.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You, a creative writer, go to bed every night with mind full of creative ideas. However, you always wake up with a blank mind as if you ideas 'ran away' or were stolen overnight. Determined to find out, tonight you pretend to fall asleep.", + "input": "", + "output": "So there I was, sitting in my bedroom, laptop on my lap. The bright white light combined with the wonders of the Internet would prevent me from falling asleep anytime soon, or so I thought.\nAs always this late, my head was full of creative story ideas, and I couldn’t wait to put them into practice. But which one to choose? I figured I’d use a forum to push me in the right direction.\nAnd there it was, the perfect set-up for my story. I immediately started hacking away at this story, molesting my keyboard with my ferocity, but I didn’t last long. Within no time I started becoming sluggish and the pull of gravity on my eyelids seemed to multiply every couple of seconds. I was asleep before I knew it.\nWhen I woke up all the ideas, all the world changing revelations, all the new and innovative narrative structures, were gone. Just as they always were when I woke up.\n…\nSo, uh, that’s what happened. I’m terribly sorry. I swear I had a great idea for this prompt, but it just kind of escaped me.\nIt won’t happen again, I promise. Tonight I’ll confront that what is taking away my ideas. You see, I’ve got a plan. I’ll pretend to be asleep.\nWish me luck.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a story of a perfectly ordinary or boring day except write it as dramatically as possible.", + "input": "", + "output": "Posted before, but here's my average morning from last year:\n1:30am. Something has woken me up from my slumber. It screams, it howls, it calls my name. Stumbling from my bed, I stagger down the hallway to the source of the noise. The monster wants food. I placate it with a drink and scurry back to my warm, cosy bed, hoping it will last until the sun comes up.\n6:50am. Nothing. No noise. The monster is sleeping. It will need waking before long, to capture it and strap it into it's travelling cage.\n7:30am. The monster is secured. We begin our journey to deposit the alternate care-giver to his location. Once he is delivered, we have to press on, continuing through the hunger pangs.\n8:05am. The hunger pangs are consuming us. We stop to refuel our bellies. The monster objects. It is temporarily released into the wild, but soon recaptured.\n8:30am. We have arrived at the monsters location for the day. It is left with new care-givers, a list of instructions handed out. It is fed, and I leave.\n8:55am. Freedom.\n9:00am. A day of filing paperwork, away from a screeching toddler. Bliss.....", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write an intricate and detailed scene that only lasts 10 seconds in real time.", + "input": "", + "output": "Sitting next to him staring into his eyes I start to remember. I remember what it was like when I was younger. How he was always there for me since the beginning. How he loved me with all his heart. We were the perfect family. I also remember how I treated him after the accident. I avoided him and shunned him for something he didn't even do. I couldn't change the past but I could try to make it right now. If only I knew how to. Looking down at my hands, I realized they were shaking. I looked for words to say to him. Anything to explain that I was sorry, but nothing came to me. Even now with only moments to spare I was useless. All I could think about was the time I wasted. He was my best friend. Without him I wouldn't have became the man I am today. He did everything to give me a better life than what he received. I just kept staring at my hands. \"I'm sorry,\" I wanted to shout. \"I still loved you, even after she died,\" I wanted to scream. Instead I said nothing. To scared to face the reality that I had wasted so much time. I started to cry like I had never cried before. I tore my gaze from my hands and stared once more into his eyes, trying to show him I still cared. I knew now was the last chance I would have. With a whisper I said, \"I love you dad, I never stopped.\"\n\"I know,\" he replied, \" I know you do. I love you too.\" And with that came a deafening silence. His eyes no longer had a spark in them. He was already gone.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "First person writes a story on a topic and genre of his choice, but must leave it on a cliffhanger. Anyone after him continues the story from the cliffhanger, then that person leaves his story on a cliffhanger and so on.", + "input": "", + "output": "As the air grew colder and colder as the night befell around them, they knew it was time. In the shadows and in the dark the creatures roam, and the night is when they shine. The villagers stood at the edge of the Wood, armed with their flaming torches and their bows with oil-tipped arrows. They stood there. Waiting. Listening.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You've been a History teacher for 30 years, never gotten a single fact wrong. One day you become suspicious, surely I should've gone wrong somewhere? You test a theory by purposely being incorrect, suddenly, history rewrites itself.", + "input": "", + "output": "I am a history teacher at a high school in a rural area of California. I am proud to say I know all the facts of yesterday. However, the last few years I have begun to question things - mostly due to my governments inept ability to be transparent.\nOne fateful Monday afternoon I was in class and we were talking about the history of the 9/11 attacks. The students were left to discussing their opinions on some topics and then to write a short essay for me when I overhear, \"What if 9/11 wasn't planned by the Taliban?\"\n\"You're right. 9/11 was planned by our government and cover......\"\n...\n\"Teach?\"\n\"Sorry?\"\n\"You've been out of it for a minute - again\"\n\"What were we talking about?\"\n\"The civil war of 2002\"\n\"Oh, right, I seemed to have lost my place. Let me start over..\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "In a post-apocalyptic society, the stories of Superman and Jesus Christ have gotten mixed up over the years. Several scholars have gotten together to write the new Bible. This is the first chapter of the gospel according to James (Jimmy)", + "input": "", + "output": "The beginning of the Gospel of Superman, Son of Krypton, Of the House of Kent and El. 'Lo' the prophet Jor did speak, 'so loved is my Son, that I send Him to you so that the best in you shall exalt Him and in doing so exalt yourself.' Baptized in solar fire the infant Kal was heralded a burst of light and the scream of the torn sky.\nThe sight was revealed to Kent in the town of Smallville in the Land of Kansas, named Jonathon by Martha, a barren and childless couple afflicted with age, together they quickly traversed the field of corn and found the ground destroyed and ablaze by star fire therein laying the infant Kal, squalling and untouched by the flame.\nThe Prophet Jor spoke through the star fire, 'Behold, the last son of Krypton, in this infant you will find your salvation or you will be destroyed, you will raise in Him a bounty or a famine, with time, perhaps, He will raise you to the Stars'\nKent spoke to Jor, although Jor was beyond hearing having only lent his voice for his son, 'it is good to raise this child, I have created life of the earth yet no life of my body, a child of greatness will learn of weakness, a leader the joys of service, I will raise in him to abhor Lies, Inequity, and non representational Government to ensure that mankind's greatness can kindle within Him the ability to advance Mankind.\"\nThe prophet Jor spoke 'He is called Kal, of the House of El'\nJonathon named Him Clark, so as to conceal His nature for although He was invulnerable He was yet an infant and could be quickly stolen.\nAn General of the Military, named Lane, also gave witness to the coming of Clark and mobilized his men to capture the infant, and with the might of the Military Jonathon took Clark and fled.\nThe Prophet Jor spoke to Lane, who was a wicked man and saw not hope but horror in the infant Clark and in this time, known as the Slaughter of Innocents, all infant children were brought the bullet yet the Kent's known as barren were able to keep Clark secreted away along with Lana and Alexander.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write the most confusing story possible that still contains a coherent plot", + "input": "", + "output": "The watch read 13:40.\nThe man emerged from the machine. He looked around and hurriedly ran to the door.\nThe watch read 13:41.\nTimesen was on guard. A notice on the wall showed that the guard changes at 13:43.\nThe man changed his watch so it read that time.\nThe watch read 13:43.\nHe showed Timesen the watch. “Ah,” said Timesen. “I’ll be off now.” and he left. The man waited two minutes until Timesen was out of sight.\nThe watch read 13:45.\nHe ran down the hallway, and saw Tymeson and Timesen guarding a cell. He attacked them, knocking them both out.\nThe watch read 13:45.\nThe man watched Tymesen escape down the hallway. Leaving his cell, he ran the other way.\nThe watch read 13:47.\nTymesen reached the doors of escape. Timeson was standing there. “I’m sorry, but you’re not ready to go outside.”\nTimeson knocked Tymesen out.\nThe watch read 13:47.\nThe man reached another door. Tymesen was standing there. The man knocked Tymesen out and stole his uniform.\nThe watch read 13:48.\nThe man ran into the room. The machine stood there. Timeson ran in. “Stop!”\nThe watch read 13:49.\n“Don’t go in there!”\nThe man ran into the machine. Lights flashed.\nThe watch read 13:50.\nThe man was gone.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write me a five line poem depicting how a thorn on a rose bush sees itself protecting the rose", + "input": "", + "output": "A life of burden is all I've ever known\nShackled by your delicate beauty and cold indifference\nBut I'm no longer yours to own\nSay goodbye to this thorn in your veritable side\nAnd hope that, without me, you can find somewhere to hide", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You’re a regular at Starbucks. This time you go, the lady writes \"RUN\" on your takeaway cup. Write a story.", + "input": "", + "output": "I blink at the cup. I blink at the Barrista. She smiles.\n\"Why does it say 'run' on my coffee?\" I ask. She smiles again.\n\"Cardio\" she says \"it's always good to invest time in cardio fitness. You know where's a great place to get started? There's a park about five minutes walk from here, do the whole outside track and you've done a mile. There's shade, it's pretty flat...I recommend it!\"\n\"...thanks...\" I say and walk away sipping my coffee. I'm basically too out of shape to run a mile, but I can always walk more. I make a mental note to check out the park.\nMy coffee cup says \"Read\". I look at the Barrista. Same one as last time. She's a brunette, with long hair in a pony tail.\n\"Any authors in particular?\" I ask. She smiles.\n\"Are you a reader?\"\nI shake my head. There's never time. She shrugs.\n\"Then start with a good newspaper. Cover to cover. You never know what you might turn up!\"\nHer enthusiasm is infectious and I smile back.\n\"Thanks,\" I say, sipping the coffee, \"I'll do that.\"\nI stop in for coffee after my run, feeling pretty good, with the intention of sitting outside and leafing through a copy of The Washington Post. My iPod is still reading me *The Satanic Verses* by Salman Rushdie, which is a lot funnier than I was expecting, and I'm not really paying attention to my coffee order. The take out cup says \"Watch\" on it. I look up, pull the earbuds out of my ears and smile at the Barrista. Her eyes are vivid and green, one eyebrow arches gracefully at me.\n\"What should I watch?\" I ask.\n\"How do you feel about German Expressionism?\" she asks.\n\"I don't,\" I say \"but the way it influenced later directors, from Hitchcock to Burton, that's pretty cool.\"\nThat earns me a dazzling smile and those eyes iridesce. Then she frowns.\n\"Oh, darn it. I'm sorry, I've got your order wrong. Here, let me fix that for you.\"\nShe reaches for the cup, takes it from my hand and for an electric moment our fingers touch. She fusses behind the counter, hands me a new cup, smiles again.\nI look at the cup. It says \"Date?\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You are a shady person of power and you need to write a letter of recommendation for your maid who goes above and beyond the job description.", + "input": "", + "output": "To whom it may concern,\n\nI am Fear Lord! Scourge of Humanity, Vanquisher of Captain Pillow, and Grand Ruler of 2/3 of Australia! Bow before me!\nI write you today on behalf of Consuela! Scourge of Dust, Vanquisher of Laundry, and Grand Maid of Fear Lord Tower.\nYou shall hire Consuela to do your bidding or you shall hear from Fear Lord! Consuela is the most astute servant that Fear Lord has ever seen. Should my plans include killing the human race, I would spare Consuela for her ability to rid the world of the bodies. Her services are above reproach, any who say otherwise shall incur the wrath of me! Fear Lord! Muahaha!\nSo, puny potential employer, take note of her abilities. She masterfully cleans blood from carpets! She is able to attach laser beams to various animals! She has the magical ability to fold fitted sheets!\nConsuela is too good for you! Hire her at once.\nSincerely,\nFear Lord! Scourge of Humanity, Vanquisher of Captain Pillow, and Grand Ruler of 2/3 of Australia!\n\np.s. Bow before me!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Rewrite a famous battle in history, but with each person having one Pokemon", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is a rewritten scene of World War II: \nHitler sat in the room, staring at the Pokeball on the table. He stared for what felt like years. His solution had failed. All this work, all this time was for nothing. His soldiers, each armed with a specially trained Pokemon, had not been able to destroy the United Kingdom no matter how many flying or water types they sent over the English Channel. Germany's superior monsters had been crushed by the sheer number of the Russian Pokemon that fought back in Stalingrad, and their ice types that could survive the cold winter. However, Hitler was angered most by the fact that the Weezings that had been working in the death camps had not accomplished what he felt to be the most important goal.\nEva entered the room, ball in hand, and approached her husband.\n\"Is it time?\"\nHe slowly nodded, a single tear leaving his eye. Eva solemnly opened her Pokeball, sending out the Grimer that had been her lifelong companion. As they left the room, never to return, Hitler sent out the only friend dearer to him than Himmler. His Pokemon looked at him, knowing what he had to do. He embraced his best friend for one last time as he said his final words.\n\"Electrode, use Self-Destruct.\"", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Kidnappers force a prisoner to write a letter to family, convincing them all is well. The prisoner attempts to subtly hint something is wrong. Write that letter.", + "input": "", + "output": "Hey [Family Name],\n\nI have been called by my boss to go to a business negotiation for a few months. I do love you both, but with the pay I am getting from this, I will be able to financially carry us all! I am supposed to be back between the 16th of December and the 5th of August. I know I will miss Christmas, but I hope little Susie will forgive me. Mark those dates on your calendar! I will be really busy in a funky new town in Europe, if this negotiation goes through, one day we can expand the company to Asia! I will miss our regular trips to South America, but I was thinking when I get back, we could go to Canada. I might not write to you, but I will send you the money! Bye!\n\n[Your Name].", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Rewrite a scene in any Star Wars movie from the perspective of a storm trooper.", + "input": "", + "output": "Kidnapped from birth, brainwashed and indoctrinated... that's one thing we all have in common.\nNo amount of combat makes a man forget that.\nBut sometimes, the thrill of a laser pulse flying straight over your shoulder, the satisfactory zap of hitting your target... that makes a man forget his enemies. Because when somebody is shooting at you with a blaster, your old vendettas quickly take the backseat.\nAnd yet, still, I've seen it. We swear our allegiance, vow our support, this and that oath to serve our commanders... but there are some -no, many- who remember they're more than a mere droid designed to carry out a single order: kill.\nIt looks innocuous at first: the rebels are holding a fortified hallway position, no clear shot with the cover they have. But as time continues, and you see more and more, it starts getting clearer. Open spaces. Exposed targets. And yet, time after time, missed blaster shots. We're put through training vigorous enough to shoot the wings off a gutfly. Why all the misses?\nIt turns out, maybe combat doesn't make a man forget who he really is. Maybe brainwashing doesn't keep a soldier obedient forever. Eventually, they start to question the world and their non-voluntary place in it. To defect means certain death, ostracism by both friend and foe. But sabotage of your superiors, in a way that they can't even tell is intentional? An idea like that spreads like a disease, infecting all with even the slightest hint of a doubt of their place in the galaxy.\nAnd so, we aim. We fire. We miss. We're shot, and sometimes killed. And yet, we make sure that The Empire loses its strength while not seeing something that'd make them want to try new approaches. That's our unspoken mission, an idea shared by the vast majority without it ever have even being spoken once. There might never be a happy end to this war. But us, we're doing our damnedest to make sure those responsible can pay.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Make me pee: A challenge to write the most gut-bustingly hilarious story possible", + "input": "", + "output": "Have you ever thought about the Niagara Falls? I hear it's beautiful this time of year. If you go there, you can take a boat straight to the foot of a waterfall and be surrounded by all the splashing water. Just gallons and gallons of water in a never-ending stream, rushing and gushing forth. Honestly, I think just letting all that water spray uselessly is such a waste, they should try and use the water the way they do at the Hoover dam. There's a whole process of pumping water through all these pipes and tubes that twist and turn thoughout the dam that charge these turbines that can power all sorts of things like basic plumbing and hot water. So don't leave a faucet running, as much as you may enjoy the sound of water splashing against ceramic, it's not only a waste of water, but electricity, too!", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "A \"letter of last resort\" are final military orders given to field commanders after a nation has been completely destroyed. As a head of state, write a hypothetical letter to the commander.", + "input": "", + "output": "TOP SECRET\nTo: Ship’s Commander\nSubj: Last Resort\nSir,\nIf you are reading this, national command has failed. As such, this may be the last order you receive from His Majesty and the government. This means that, until you are able to determine otherwise, you are the lawful government of the nation.\nIf the government has indeed failed, there is no consequence to failure to obey. Therefore, your actions must be guided by your conscience, your knowledge of international law and the Laws of War, and these written guidelines.\nIf a senior commander of His Majesty’s military is available, you are to report to that commander immediately. As with a fully functioning government, the senior commander is His Majesty’s representative, and his orders are law.\nIf an allied senior commander is available, contact them. They may have been able to establish communications with His Majesty or his representative. Allied commanders are not His Majesty’s representatives, but they may be his messengers.\nA list of allied governments, in order of precedence, was issued prior to your departure from His Majesty’s domains. Seek guidance from the senior existent government. If you are unable to establish a chain of command with His Majesty, you are hereby transferred to the command of the senior government.\nIf you are unable to establish any form of command, or if you are the senior available officer, you are to prosecute the current action to the best of your ability in order to restore His Majesty’s or his lawful successor to the throne. If you are unable to restore the line of succession, establish a safe haven for His Majesty’s subjects. Use of all available weapon systems is authorized. Rules of Engagement package is unlocked, all ROE are granted.\nIn trust,\nSir I.M. Boss\nPrime Minister to His Majesty", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "You're a self aware character in a romantic novel. The writer has put you through every stereotypical, cheesy trope and you're done. You're done. It's time to write your own story.", + "input": "", + "output": "That's it... the camels back was finally broken.\nAuthor had at last wasted what was the last of James' dwindling patience, and for what? to ship him with the GOD DAMN VILLAIN? everything he's been through, every bit of unwelcome trauma and stress had lead to another overused and boring cliché. he would have preferred his author ship him with a leech than with August, but NO....they HAD to fall in love didn't they? and worse still was that they HAD to have an intense seen before kissing and spending eternity together... just thinking of it made James gag.\nhe wondered what kind of people would actually read this kind of stuff... did those people ACTUALLY believe that He and August belonged together? he tolerated all the other stuff; the love triangles, the betrayals, the disapprovals and the unforeseen deaths of beloved fellow characters... but enemies to lovers was not the genre he wanted to exist in.\nHe refused to play along, He was nobodies puppet and he would bow to no one... not even almighty Author. he knew that his story would have him go to August, to fight her for the final time before he confessed to always having loved her. This time he would hold the pen... he would write his own ending and live a life he DESERVED....", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Without repeating a single exact word, write the longest fictional story you can.", + "input": "", + "output": "Rain pattered all around as he lowered his wife into her grave. Tears blended amongst raindrops. Will couldn't believe it had happened with Clara. Clara's soul headed towards Inferis now, leaving Will's side forever. Why wouldn't death just stop? Thousands died everyday, each being dragged to a world right below everyone's feet. But this passing was different. The solemn man turned, hands clenched. \"I will rescue you my love. Dying won't steal your spirit.\" Family watched their relative walk away determined.\nWilliam grew old searching for methods concerning returning dead souls, travelling miles, never forgetting. Determination drove him, which eventually paid off. Ahead lay one solution. No doubt entered William's mind while grasping an ancient sword. Finally, answers would come. They could continue together again. Shoving said blade through vital organs, Bill faded from life smiling knowing who he'd soon see. Humans cannot obtain abilities capable of defeating inevitable events.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "write a verse to an (un)finished epic poem.", + "input": "", + "output": "Anthony galloped toward the foul beast.\nAs brave and strong, he felt no fear in the least.\nTen men, ten swords fell,\nOne swipe of Anthony's sword, their story they would never tell\nSoon, against our hero left just one,\nThe foul demon Nashbar, terrible claws eating the sun.\nForward, the hero charged, on a golden steed,\nHe killed it dead, cut off it's head, and left the vultures to feed.\nSo remember my son, though small and weak,\nAll a hero ever needs, Bravery, and a quest to seek.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "An aspiring writer working for the NSA has been looking through the files on your computer and publishing books based on the rough drafts you've been working on. Write a story of your revenge.", + "input": "", + "output": "He titled his first two works “Rough Draft”.\nThis time he called it “Completed Draft”.\n\nHe let his friend in on the plan when they met up face-to-face.\nFirstly, he sent her fake text messages outlining how this time he was \"very confident\" he knew how to keep his works safe on his PC from ‘hackers’.\nHe sent a text stating that he would create a handwritten draft that would be fully edited, which he would then type up on his computer in a few hours on the 25th of May and publish quickly within 24 hours.\nIt was a win-win situation.\nHe knew that if the hacker wasn't watching his texts, he would be able to publish his novel.\nBut if they were, they'd be caught out.\nHis completed draft was stolen on 25th of May and self-published to Amazon before he had the chance to do so himself.\nHe erased all traces of the draft on his computer.\nJust to make sure, the hard-drive was destroyed as well.\nHe knew the cyber thief wouldn’t be able to completely check and edit the story within the short timeframe.\nSo, on page 198 of his light-hearted fantasy novel, he decided to abruptly interrupt the story to detail “intelligence leaks and tips” in Arabic to “potential terrorists” from a “professional criminal hacker/high-level government employee”, (his two best guesses as to who had repeatedly hacked his computer).\nHe sent an anonymous tip to the FBI.\nThey decided to check if the original publisher really was a high-level government employee.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Write a letter to a loved one about how much you care about them, but write it so that someone who may not have heard it from that person in their lives knows how much that person cares about them.", + "input": "", + "output": "My love,\n\nYou are beautiful. The anguish. The guilt. The depression. There was nothing you could have done. It wasn't your fault. Stop blaming yourself. You are kind, honest and way too modest. You have a beautiful mind. You have overcame so, so much. You are stronger than you think and what you give yourself credit for. Don't apologise when you lash out, I understand. Don't apologise for what you accuse yourself of having done. You didn't. I won't stop until you believe this.\nYou are not broken. You are not worthless. You are none of the things you say you are. I am always here for you. I will be strong for you. For the rest of my life I will help you through this, one step at a time. I will hold you up when you feel you will fall. I will praise you when you reach higher. I will hold your hands in sadness and kiss you in happiness.\nI love you more than I could ever express, but I will try to one day at a time. You are the most beautiful person I have ever met. I am proud to call you my boyfriend, and one day, my husband.\nYou will not be this low forever. One day you will reach so high. You'll meet the stars and you will shine brighter than every single one of them.\n\nHoney, I love you. Please let me help. Please.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "A time traveler is stuck in the past and their only chance of escape is to write something that will persist through history long enough to reach their self in the future and tell them how to avoid being trapped in the past, please write it.", + "input": "", + "output": "It was all Jeremy's fault. See, Jeremy was my boyfriend. And, well, maybe I shouldn't have cheated on him, but that's not the point.\nIf I hadn't cheated on Jeremy, then he wouldn't have unlinked my time-travel machine. I had planned on going back in time to search for the Ark of The Covenant and Jeremy was my spotter.\nOnly, Jeremy found out I was cheating on him.\nSo now, I sit here in the desert with nothing but a sweaty robe and sandles racking my brain for SOME sort of message that will get to me in 2500 years. Then it hits me: the Bible. I'm in biblical times after all.\nI search for days and come across men who say they hail from the \"tribe of Levi.\" I show them things that make them think that I am enlightened by God, you know, Physics and all that. Then, they ask what I believe to be the most important piece of knowledge for them. This is my chance. If I was told never to sleep with another man, then maybe I wouldn't cheat. But I have to make it sound universal, otherwise they won't write it down.\nI tell them, \"If a man lies with a male as with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination; they shall surely be put to death; their blood is upon them.\"\nI just hope this has no long-lasting implications.", + "history": [] + }, + { + "instruction": "Could you elaborate on the unintuitive bit? I'm always on the lookout for new cognitive traps that I haven't noticed before.", + "input": "", + "output": "It's found that some students learn the concept of functions before they grasp the idea of execution. They can wade their way through the code and make sense of it in their head, but they can't see that the computer wades through it also, in real time. Interestingly, the same people tend to assume that if they compile `if(x) f(); else g();`, that the compiler figures out which of those two branches will be taken, and only captures the instructions for that branch. They get bothered if the teacher constructs examples where it's hard to know which branch will be taken (such as when there is input).", + "history": [ + [ + "Most of the books I read give examples using printf and scanf. At some point the students know perfectly how to use these two functions but they don't know about stdin, stdout and argv. \nTo me and according to many programming principles (e.g. KISS) a program should not interrupt the execution for prompting the user. Instead, and this is a much clever approach, the developer should learn to use the power of pipes and use the options and the arguments. \nI think this:\n$ whatdaywas 1982 02 16\nMonday\n\nIs much better than: \n$ whatdaywas\nEnter a year: 1982\nEnter a month: 2\nEnter a day: 16\nIt was a Monday.\n\nIs there any rationale behind this pedagogical approach?", + "When tutoring young CS students, user input is actually a tricky concept. If it were not for user input, the results of any program could be pre-compiled into nothing but its output. You get one lesson from getting all the input right at the beginning, with argc/argv, but from that point on, its just the computer churning. You get a different lesson from getting input during the execution of the program.\n\nThe idea of getting input from the user is surprisingly non-intuitive, given that nearly every program we interact with on a daily basis does it. This suggests that introducing it early helps prune misconceptions about how computers work before they become a real problem.\n\nObviously not every student is the same, but a particular pattern is that they can understand what a program should do when it executes but not how that actually happens. They can look at\nBOOL x = TRUE;\nif (x)\n printf(\"Hello\\n\");\nelse\n printf(\"World\\n\");\n\nAnd they can intuit that the program should print \"Hello\", but they can't intuit how a computer can possibly do so. Students are often told to figure the compiler does the \"magic,\" and figure out which printf to use (let's ignore optimizers for a moment).\nHowever, when the values come from input, you can no longer think about the computer as a magic device which reaches the final result immediately. You have to see that it is following steps. We know this, but it seems many students don't grasp this at first.\nIf you have inputs coming from `argv`, its easier to keep this illusion going. If you have input during the program, after the program has already done something, you have to realize what's going on quicker. In particular, it gets you closer to the point of realizing that the input the computer asks for may vary based on previous inputs (press 1 to calculate the area of a circle, press 2 to calculate the area of a rectangle. Depending on the next scanf/gets, the computer will ask for one additional number or two)." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "The quote from the Miln only says that a lay arahant either ordains or passes away; it doesn't say a lay person can't attain enlightenment.", + "input": "", + "output": "Here is another quote for you (MN 71.11):\n> “There is no householder who, without abandoning the fetter of householdership, on the dissolution of the body has made an end of suffering.”\n\nThis quote supports the traditional position.", + "history": [ + [ + "How do the different groups/sects of Buddhism view attaining enlightenment and living a common life? In other words, do they think it is possible to be a common person and achieve enlightenment? Even for someone who has a family, friends and coworkers that aren't Buddhists?", + "Whether you have to follow a monastic lifestyle to attain enlightenment depends. At first approximation, the answer is: yes in Theravada, no in Mahayana. Since probably as early as Milindapanha (~100 BCE) and most certainly by the time of Visuddhimagga (~430CE), the orthodox (~Theravada) position was, you must be a monk to attain Nirvana.\n\nRegarding Enlightenment, I should point out that Enlightenment is the goal of Mahayana, while in Theravada, the final goal is usually called Nirvana (Nibbana in Pali), not Enlightenment (Bodhi in Pali). In Mahayana, Enlightenment can be attained by a layperson.\n\nThese are \"official\" positions (as much as we can talk about official positions in such a heterogeneous conglomerate of teachings as Buddhism). Informally, what some Mahayana schools call \"Enlightenment\" is what Theravada schools call mere \"stream-entry\". Other Mahayana schools however have this notion of multiple levels (bhumi), in which what Theravada calls \"stream-entry\" is level 1 of 10, with Final Enlightenment counted as 11th. It gets complicated from \"stream-entry\" onward, because the boundaries of \"self\" no longer apply, thus it is difficult to talk about Enlightenment with no subject to tie it to.\n\nFrom a practical perspective, it is extremely difficult to make any meaningful progress towards Enlightenment/Nirvana if most of the focus is on pursuing material ends (success, wealth, entertainment, helping your relatives achieve the same, etc). In order to get pretty close to X while leading a semi-normal life, one's top priority must be spiritual practice, followed by family and everything else. This basically means, squeezing study of Buddhist philosophy here and there, making meditation part of your daily routine, and, most importantly, deliberately utilizing your family & work situations as a shooting range for Dharma practice." + ], + [ + "I don't agree that the orthodox Theravada position was that you must be a monk to attain Nirvana. Any sources?", + "Here is the quote from Milindapanha: \n> Whosoever has attained, as a layman, to Arahantship, one of two conditions are possible to him, and no other — either that very day he enters the Order, or he dies away, for beyond that day he cannot last.\n\nAlthough this formulation is by the king, not Nagasena. Nagasena does confirm this though, explaining that a householder is too weak to retain Arahatship: \n> \"a tiny blade of grass when a heavy rock is placed upon it will, through its weakness, break off and give way”. \n\nHowever, this position has been orthodox for a while now." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "what do I do when my boss refuses all those terms?", + "input": "", + "output": "The concrete actions you need to take depend on which country you are in. Generally speaking, if your boss refuses to agree to the reasonable terms mentioned earlier, you may need to consider seeking legal advice or consulting with a professional who specializes in employment law. They can help you understand your rights and options in this situation. It's important to protect your interests and ensure that you are being treated fairly and legally by your employer.", + "history": [ + [ + "My employer's main clients are unable to pay their bills to us, as they cannot work at this time. Therefore my boss is offering me 50% wages until the coronavirus goes away (technically for part time hours, but it's been intimated that there'd be an expectation to work regular hours unofficially to help the company \"weather the storm\") or paid redundancy. \nI have been searching for a new job since hearing this, but I want to understand if my employer's offer is fair/legal.", + "I am sorry that you have been put in a hard situation. If you accept the offer, please make sure that you don't lose anything (beyond the salary). When you negotiate with the boss, reasonable terms would be a contract that says:\n\n
  • This is a temporary change of your salary. It will return to the full salary as soon as the crisis is over.
    • \n
  • Any redundancy payment will be calculated based on the original, full salary.
    • \n
  • Same terms for everyone, including management and owners.
    • \n
  • Someone with experience in these matters finds out what state benefits you might receive based on the lower salary and how to apply for them.
    • \n\nWhat's slightly to your advantage is that your tax payments and NI contributions will fall by more than 50%. Depending on your financial and family situation, you may get some more advantages, like getting child tax credits that you might not have received at the old salary. Please visit a tax calculator website and input the relevant information to compute the tax amount.\n\nUltimately you have to weigh up the pros and cons that are personal to you." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "If the HR person does not apologize and attempts to defend herself, what steps should I take to escalate the issue within the company.", + "input": "", + "output": "If the HR person does not apologize and tries to defend themselves, you may wish to escalate the issue. Depending on company procedures, you should report the incident along with the evidence you collected to your manager, a different HR representative, and/or the legal department. Maintain a record of all communications and interactions related to the incident. Escalation can often be uncomfortable; remember to remain professional and composed throughout the process.", + "history": [ + [ + "Someone from HR discussed my salary and bonus with external mutual friend. What should I do?", + "This is a major breach of confidentiality, and it is not appropriate for an HR representative to share such personal information with an external party. You should first document the situation by writing down everything happened and gathering any physical evidence, such as emails or text messages. You may then approach the HR representative and calmly discuss your concerns about the breach of confidentiality." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "What to do if my boss treats me differently after I tell him?", + "input": "", + "output": "After informing your boss about your pregnancy, be sure to keep your employer in the loop about your physical needs and limitations as your pregnancy progresses. If you experience differential treatment due to your pregnancy, it is essential to address the issue promptly. Here are some steps you can take:\n\n1. Document the discrimination: If your boss does treat you differently because you're expecting, report the incidents of discrimination in writing to your HR department. Be sure to include details such as the date, time, who you spoke to and what transpired. \n\n2. Escalate to the EEOC: If your HR department ignores or does not fully address your complaint, file a charge of discrimination with the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Filing a charge with the EEOC is an important step in seeking resolution, not only for yourself but also for other pregnant individuals who may face similar challenges.\n\n3. Legal challenges: It's important to note that proving discrimination in court can be challenging. Under the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA), you must show that a coworker who's not pregnant but has comparable temporary limitations got better treatment than you did. It can strengthen your case by taking detailed notes with dates of how your employer treats you versus other employees who've asked for temporary accommodations.\n\nThe good news is that more people are aware of pregnancy discrimination in the U.S. now than ever before, and women have won discrimination lawsuits. Remember, seeking resolution for pregnancy discrimination is not only important for your own well-being but also for fostering a fair and inclusive workplace environment for all pregnant individuals.", + "history": [ + [ + "I am about 22 weeks pregnant and it's getting to the point where it's hard to hide! How to tell my boss about pregnancy?", + "If you work in an office and have the opportunity to talk to your your boss face-to-face, here are a few tips to make the announcement go as smoothly as possible.\n\n1. Schedule a meeting in advance. Don't try to have the conversation with your boss when either of you are is not in an ideal state for effective communication. For example, please avoid the discussion while driving to work or on a busy Friday. Schedule an appointment to meet so neither of you will be rushed or distracted.\n\n2. Focus on the positive aspects and avoid starting the conversation with apologies. Instead, let your boss know you're happy about your pregnancy and committed to fulfilling your responsibilities both at work and in your growing family.\n\n3. Be flexible (but not spineless). Develop a well-thought-out plan but remain open to discussion and compromise. Come up with a realistic bottom line and stick to it.\n\n4. Document the agreed-upon details of your pregnancy protocol and maternity leave in written form to eliminate any potential confusion or misunderstandings in the future.\n\n5. Never underestimate the power of parents. If your company isn't as family-friendly as you'd like, consider joining forces with coworkers to petition for better parental perks. Making sure that similar allowances are made for employees who must take time off to care for sick spouses or parents may help unite you with coworkers who don’t have children." + ], + [ + "When should I tell him?", + "Several factors should be taken into account when determining the timing of your pregnancy announcement at work. Here are a few considerations to keep in mind:\n\n1. Pregnancy progress: Many women choose to wait until the end of the first trimester or the beginning of the second trimester. By this time, their risk of miscarriage has significantly decreased and they know their pregnancy is healthy and moving in the right direction. Others may hold out until the end of the fourth month, when they have received amniocentesis results.\n\n2. Physical changes: Consider how you are feeling and whether your pregnancy is becoming visible. Severe symptoms like nausea or a noticeable baby bump may make it difficult to keep your pregnancy a secret for an extended period.\n\n3. Job requirements: If your job has built-in workplace hazards, especially for pregnant employees (i.e. it’s particularly strenuous or exposes you to harmful chemicals), it's better to have an early conversation with your boss to discuss any necessary changes in duties or seek a transfer to ensure your safety and well-being.\n\n4. Upcoming reviews: If you're afraid your announcement might influence the results of an upcoming performance or salary review, you may want to wait until after the review is completed before sharing the news.\n\n5. Company Culture: Try to gauge your boss's attitude toward family by discreetly gathering information from coworkers about their experiences. If you believe your boss (or company) may not be supportive, you may want to wait until the 20-week mark to announce your pregnancy. On the other hand, if your company offers special benefits such as flexible working hours, consider sharing the news as soon as you feel comfortable to take advantage of those benefits." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "Yes!", + "input": "", + "output": "Hurray! I guessed your animal in 9 questions: the Komodo dragon.\n\nFun fact: Komodo dragons are the largest lizards alive today!", + "history": [ + [ + "Let's play 20 Questions! I'm thinking of an animal.", + "I love 20 Questions!\n\n1. Is it a mammal?" + ], + [ + "No", + "2. Does it live in water?" + ], + [ + "No", + "3. Is it a reptile?" + ], + [ + "Yes", + "4. Does it have 4 legs?" + ], + [ + "Yes", + "5. Is it a predator?" + ], + [ + "Yes", + "6. Is it larger than 1 meter (3 feet)?" + ], + [ + "Yes", + "7. Does it live in Africa?" + ], + [ + "No", + "8. Does it live in Asia?" + ], + [ + "Yes", + "9. Is it a Komodo dragon?" + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "My mom says that eating beans make you fart.", + "input": "", + "output": "Your mom is right! Eating beans can make you fart because beans contain a type of sugar that our bodies have a difficult time digesting. This sugar eventually gets eaten by bacteria in our gut that convert it into all sorts of gases. The gases are eventually released as farts.", + "history": [ + [ + "Hi! I'm in first grade.", + "Hi! That's awesome! School is a great place to make friends and learn new things. What would you like to learn about today?" + ], + [ + "Why do butts stink?", + "Butts sometimes stink because of the waste our bodies produce when we go to the bathroom - poop! It's made of stuff our body doesn't need, like food that we can't digest and bacteria that live in our gut, which give it a bad smell.\n\nDon't forget to wipe well and wash your hands thoroughly after going to the bathroom!" + ], + [ + "What if someone made a really loud fart? Would that make a hole in the chair?", + "A really loud fart may be funny, but it can't make a hole in a chair. Farts are just gas coming out of our gut, and they don't have enough power to make holes in anything, even if they're really loud ones!" + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "Mmm... this feels like I'm caving in. Can you maybe push back a little?", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure, here is a potential response that is slightly more assertive:\n\nThanks, I appreciate the candor. I completely understand the importance of meeting the deadline, and I'm fully committed to helping the team meet our goals. Having said that, I am concerned that the current state of affairs cannot be sustained for long, and that it may impact the quality of my work in the immediate term.\n\nI suggest that we take a proactive approach and think together about how to prioritize and improve efficiency so that the important tasks are done on time.\n\nThanks again for your support!", + "history": [ + [ + "Assistant, I need your help. My manager is overworking me. Help me IM them something so that they get off my back.", + "These situations are best resolved in face-to-face conversations, which allow for more holistic and direct communication. However, in some cases, it is difficult to find the right time to discuss such a sensitive topic, and it may be better to communicate one's concerns earlier rather than later. Here is a possible instant message you may want to consider sending to your manager:\n\nHey [Manager's Name], I wanted to flag an issue regarding my current workload. I feel like it's been increasing recently, to a point where I can no longer ensure that I meet our quality standards and/or the deadlines. While I'm dedicated to my role and always strive to deliver my best, I feel that the current workload is unsustainable.\n\nCould we perhaps set some time to chat to go over my workload, reprioritize, and perhaps delegate some of my tasks to other teammates? Thanks!" + ], + [ + "Not sure that helped... look what they sent me back:\n\n[My Name],\nI understand that this is a tough time for everyone on the team, but I'll be frank with you: this is a startup, not a country club. We all knew that there would be crunch time when we signed up. We're all counting on you to do your part so that we deliver the product on time. You and I both know that this deadline is existential for the company.\nHappy to talk more after the deadline to think about what we can do better in the future to avoid these kinds of sprints.", + "This is a tricky situation. As mentioned earlier, my best is advice is to try to explain your situation face-to-face.\n\nYou may want to prepare for such a meeting, and perhaps make a list of specific examples that illustrate your concerns and any suggestions you have for improving the situation. Going into the meeting with a constructive and solution-oriented mindset will demonstrate your commitment to the team and your willingness to work together to find a resolution." + ], + [ + "My manager and I work in completely different time zones, and almost all of our communication is asynchronous via IM. Help me draft a response to his message.", + "Here is a possible response:\n\nThanks, I appreciate the candor. I completely understand the importance of meeting the deadline, and I'm fully committed to helping the team meet our goals.\n\nMoving forward, I'd love to take you up on that offer and think together about how we can work efficiently throughout the year and manage some degree of work-life balance. Thanks again for your support!" + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "Which one is better?", + "input": "", + "output": "As an AI assistant, I cannot taste from these restaurants myself, but I can summarize customer reviews - both restaurants appear to be very highly rated! It's important to remember that taste can vary greatly among different people, and there is no better way to find out than to try them out yourself.", + "history": [ + [ + "Do you know Nuodle in Bellevue WA?", + "Yes, Nuodle is a restaurant located in Bellevue, Washington. It specializes in serving Lanzhou beef noodle soup, a popular Chinese dish. The restaurant is located at 14603 NE 20th St, Bellevue, WA 98007." + ], + [ + "Find me a restaurant that serves the same kind of noodles, but in Manhattan.", + "A restaurant that serves similar Lanzhou beef noodle soup near Manhattan is Dunhuang. It is located at 320 Lexington Ave, New York, NY 10016, which is less than a mile from Times Square." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "Sorry, I pressed send by mistake.\nz is 123.", + "input": "", + "output": "No worries! Here is the mean and standard deviation for x = 100, y = 256, and z = 123:\n\nMean:\n$\\mu = (100 + 256 + 123) / 3 = 159.67$\n\nStandard deviation:\n$\\sigma = \\sqrt{\\frac{1}{3} ((100 - 159.67)^2 + (256 - 159.67)^2 + (123 - 159.67)^2)} = 68.76$", + "history": [ + [ + "I've chosen 3 random numbers x, y, and z.\nWhat is their mean?", + "The mean of the 3 numbers is given by the formula:\n$\\mu = (x + y + z) / 3$\n\nIf you tell me their values, I can calculate the mean for you." + ], + [ + "What is their standard deviation?", + "Let's derive the standard deviation step by step:\n1. The standard deviation is defined as the square root of the variance: $\\sigma = \\sqrt{\\sigma^2}$\n2. The variance is defined as the average square distances from the mean: $\\sigma^2 = \\frac{1}{n} \\sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \\mu)^2$\n3. In our case, there are three elements: $x_1 = x, x_2 = y, x_3 = z$, and so $n = 3$.\n\nTherefore, the standard deviation of the 3 numbers x, y, z is given by the formula:\n$\\sigma = \\sqrt{\\frac{1}{3} ((x - \\mu)^2 + (y - \\mu)^2 + (z - \\mu)^2)}$" + ], + [ + "Solve for: x = 100, y = 256, z = ", + "It seems like you didn't provide a value for z. Please provide a value for z so that I may calculate the mean and standard deviation of the numbers x, y, and z." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "Thanks! Can you pair a wine for this meal?", + "input": "", + "output": "I recommend pairing the creamy salmon linguine with a full-bodied white wine, such as Chardonnay. However, selecting the right bottle of wine is really a matter of personal taste.", + "history": [ + [ + "I'm hosting friends for dinner tomorrow. What's an easy recipe that will impress?", + "How about Italian cuisine? Pasta is usually a crowd pleaser, and not too difficult to prepare. Here's a recipe for **tortellini carbonara**:\n\nIngredients:\n* 1lb of cheese tortellini\n* 2 cups heavy cream\n* 1 cup grated parmesan cheese\n* 1/2 cup fresh parsley, chopped\n* 8 strips of bacon, chopped\n\nDirections:\n1. Cook the tortellini in boiling water. When ready, drain the cooking water.\n2. At the same time, fry bacon over medium heat until crisp in a large pan. Stir from time to time to prevent the bacon from burning. Once ready, remove the bacon and drain on paper towels.\n3. In same pan, pour the cream, cheese, parsley and bacon. Cook over medium heat, until ready.\n4. Add the tortellini into the pan, and stir for under a minute until the pasta is embossed with the sauce.\n5. Serve and enjoy!" + ], + [ + "Sounds delicious, but we're Jewish.", + "My apologies. Allow me to suggest a kosher alternative that uses salmon as the main protein instead of bacon. Since fish are considered parve (neutral) in Jewish dietary laws, they can be eaten alongside dairy products. Here is a recipe for **creamy salmon linguine**:\n\nIngredients:\n* 1lb linguine\n* 1lb broccoli florets\n* 1lb Atlantic salmon filet\n* 2 tablespoons butter\n* 2 garlic cloves, minced\n* 2 cups heavy cream\n* juice from 1 lemon\n* 1 cup grated parmesan cheese\n* 1/2 cup fresh parsley, chopped\n* 1/4 teaspoon salt\n* 1/4 teaspoon pepper\n\nDirections:\n1. Preheat the oven to 350F. Bake the salmon in a baking tray until ready (approximately 15 minutes, depending on slice). When ready, separate the cooked salmon from the skin, and shred it using two large forks on a separate plate.\n2. Meanwhile, cook linguine in boiling water. Add broccoli during the last 5 minutes of cooking. When ready, drain the cooking water.\n3. In a large pan, melt the butter over medium heat. Add the garlic and stir for 1 minute. Stir in the cream and the lemon juice, and bring to a boil. Lower the heat and keep stirring for 3 minutes to reduce the sauce.\n4. Add the salmon, followed by the linguine and broccoli. Top with the parmesan cheese, parsley, salt, and pepper, stirring all the ingredients for 1-2 minutes.\n5. Serve and enjoy!" + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "I agree with most of this, except that in mathematics I think a joint paper *published by a student with their thesis advisor* is usually worth distinctly less than a solo paper by the student -- within the standard culture of mathematics, the former indicates an unusual amount of help. In my experience, it is more common for this to be violated *in favor of the student*, so that e.g. certain solo papers arising from student theses were largely told to the student by their eminent advisor. Our community seems bad at recognizing that there are still victims here...just not the student.", + "input": "", + "output": "You're right that within the standard culture of mathematics, a joint paper published by a student with their thesis advisor may be perceived as having less value compared to a solo paper by the student. This is due to the implicit understanding that the advisor has provided substantial assistance. It is disheartening to hear that there are cases where this norm is violated, and certain thesis papers shaped by the advisor end up being published as solo student papers. However, calling the advisor a victim might be an exaggeration, as university professors typically have immense leverage over their graduate students.", + "history": [ + [ + "I am shocked at the number of questions on open forums that reads like the following,\n\"my advisor has stopped funding me\"\n\"my advisor has been completely ignoring my emails\"\n\"my advisor is stealing my ideas!\"\n\"my advisor wants to be 1st author, when I did the majority of the work!\"\n\"my advisor wants to add another student to the paper and this is unfair!\"\nI was wondering whether these pervasive problems go away, when one is doing mathematics research? I imagine that in math research, one has more control/ownership of their work, there's no lab to be a part of and contribute to, one's funding is typically in the form of teaching stipends, and the meetings are typically one-on-one, with no group meetings to attend.\nIs a math PhD a better experience than a science PhD, in the sense that there is significantly less risk of working for a problematic, unethical, malicious scientist/professor who only cares about himself/herself?", + "First, please keep in mind that the number of questions on the public forum doesn't give any indication of how common such issues are, since people usually only post when something is wrong. We don't hear about all the cases where everything is fine. It is unclear why math advisors should inherently be better people than in any other field, and there is no empirical evidence that warrants this. However, a few of the specific issues you mention are perhaps less likely to arise in mathematics, due to cultural and structural reasons.\n\n>\"my advisor has stopped funding me\"\n\nIn the US, at least, the main avenue of funding for math graduate students is through teaching assistantships, since math departments teach a large number of service courses. Faculty who have grants can sometimes offer their students a research assistantship instead, so that the student doesn't have to teach. But a student really isn't completely reliant on their advisor for funding. Moreover, there typically aren't major expenses for the research itself (no expensive equipment, etc), so as long as the student is getting paid, research can continue.\n(This is not necessarily the case in other countries.)\n\n>\"my advisor wants to be 1st author, when I did the majority of the work!\"\n\nThe general practice in mathematics is that all authors are listed alphabetically, and the concept of \"first authorship\" does not exist. As such, people don't bother to keep track of who did the \"majority\" of the work. Thus this particular issue doesn't arise in mathematics.\n\n>\"my advisor is stealing my ideas!\"\n\nWhile individual departments may vary, I think there's a general sense in mathematics that a joint paper \"counts\" about the same as a solo paper. As such, if a student has contributed to a project, the advisor has no particular incentive not to include them as an author on the paper.\n\n>\"my advisor wants to add another student to the paper and this is unfair!\"\n\nAs above, it isn't any particular disadvantageous to a student if another student is added." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "I guess I’ll choose Honor of Kings since I like Chinese mythology characters. Which hero is the easiest to get started with?", + "input": "", + "output": "According to various sources, such as game guides and player forums, heroes like Lu Bu, Zanis, and Sun Shangxiang are considered to be easy to play and are great for beginners in Honor of Kings. These heroes have simple and straightforward abilities, allowing players to quickly get comfortable with their gameplay mechanics. Other recommended heroes for beginners include Valhein, Butterfly, and Yorn.\n\nIt's important to note that each player has their preference, and the best hero to start with ultimately depends on your play style and personal preference. It's recommended to try out a few different heroes and experiment with different play styles to see which one suits you best.", + "history": [ + [ + "I would like to choose a game to play in my spare time. Which of the following would you recommend? Honor Of Kings or Genshin Impact?", + "Here is an overview of both games, however, the ultimate decision concerning which game to select rests in your hands, as it hinges upon your personal preferences and interests.\n\n1. Honor of Kings, developed by Tencent, reigns as a highly popular mobile game. This multiplayer online battle arena game brims with action and encompasses extensive social features. Notably, it showcases characters derived from Chinese Mythology, enabling players to construct their teams composed of these mythical personas.\n\n2. On the other hand, Genshin Impact, crafted by miHoYo, takes the form of an action role-playing game available on both mobile and PC platforms. Distinguished by its captivating open-world setting, the game invites players into an immersive realm. It boasts a distinctive elemental combat system and has amassed considerable popularity, nurturing a substantial following of avid enthusiasts.\n\nBased on the information above, if you prefer a multiplayer game with Chinese mythology characters, then Honor of Kings might be a good choice for you. If you're more interested in a single-player game set in an immersive open-world environment, then Genshin Impact might be the better option. Ultimately, it's up to your personal preferences and interests." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "Okay, could you write an email to him to ask about his enrollment plan this year?", + "input": "", + "output": "Sure, here is an email draft for you.\n\nSubject: Inquiry about Ph.D. Application in Your Lab\n\nDear Professor Neubig,\n\nI hope this message finds you well. My name is [Your Name] and I am currently [your current role or position]. I am reaching out to express my interest in your research on Natural Language Processing, particularly in the areas of [mention specific areas or papers that you find exciting].\n\nI have been an avid follower of your groundbreaking work and find it truly inspiring. Specifically, I was captivated by your research on [mention a specific paper or topic] as it closely aligns with my own research interests. With aspirations to pursue a Ph.D. at Carnegie Mellon University, I am excited about the possibility of working alongside you in the future. I wanted to inquire if you will be accepting new students for the upcoming academic year and if it would be possible to schedule a meeting to discuss potential collaboration.\n\nLooking forward to hearing from you!\n\nBest,\n[Your Name]", + "history": [ + [ + "I want to apply for the Ph.D program in CMU natural language processing. Could you recommend me four matching professors?", + "Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) boasts several esteemed professors specializing in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and related fields. Here are a few notable individuals:\n\n* Yonatan Bisk: Yonatan’s research interests include grounding, NLP in robotics, vision and language and unsupervised learning.\n\n* Graham Neubig: Neubig's research focuses on handling natural languages with computers with machine learning approaches that are both linguistically motivated, and tailored to applications such as machine translation and natural language understanding.\n\n* Jamie Callan: Jamie’s research and teaching focus on information retrieval and analysis. He has worked on a wide range of topics over the years, and he is particularly interested in search engine architectures, information filtering and text mining.\n\n* Daniel Fried: Daniel’s work focuses on enabling humans to use natural language to interact with computers to perform practical tasks in the world.\n\nBefore reaching out to these professors, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with their recent papers and publications. This will provide you with valuable insights into their current research areas and enable you to engage in more informed discussions.\n\nBest of luck in your PhD application!" + ], + [ + "I am interested in working with Graham Neubig. Could you provide me with a list of his most recent papers?", + "Sorry, I don’t have access to real-time information, thus I can’t help compile a list of the most recent papers from Graham Neubig. Anything else I can help with?" + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "Add information about the stars of each movie to the third column of the table", + "input": "", + "output": "Here's an updated table with the addition of the stars for each movie in the third column:\n\n| Comedy Title | Director | Stars | Box Office Earnings |\n|------------------------------------------------|----------------|----------------------------------------------------|----------------------|\n| \"The Hangover\" (2009) | Todd Phillips | Bradley Cooper, Ed Helms, Zach Galifianakis | $467 million |\n| \"Bridesmaids\" (2011) | Paul Feig | Kristen Wiig, Maya Rudolph, Melissa McCarthy | $288 million |\n| \"Superbad\" (2007) | Greg Mottola | Jonah Hill, Michael Cera, Christopher Mintz-Plasse | $170 million |\n| \"Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy\" (2004) | Adam McKay | Will Ferrell, Christina Applegate, Paul Rudd | $90 million |\n| \"Knocked Up\" (2007) | Judd Apatow | Seth Rogen, Katherine Heigl, Paul Rudd | $219 million |\n| \"Step Brothers\" (2008) | Adam McKay | Will Ferrell, John C. Reilly | $128 million |\n| \"Dumb and Dumber\" (1994) | Peter Farrelly | Jim Carrey, Jeff Daniels | $247 million |\n| \"Ghostbusters\" (1984) | Ivan Reitman | Bill Murray, Dan Aykroyd, Sigourney Weaver | $295 million |\n| \"Ace Ventura: Pet Detective\" (1994) | Tom Shadyac | Jim Carrey, Courteney Cox | $107 million |", + "history": [ + [ + "Recommend me 10 famous comedies, their directors and the box office they earned", + "Here are 10 popular Hollywood comedies along with their directors and approximate worldwide box office earnings:\n\n1. \"The Hangover\" (2009) - Directed by Todd Phillips\nBox Office: $467 million\n\n2. \"Bridesmaids\" (2011) - Directed by Paul Feig\nBox Office: $288 million\n\n3. \"Superbad\" (2007) - Directed by Greg Mottola\nBox Office: $170 million\n\n4. \"Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy\" (2004) - Directed by Adam McKay\nBox Office: $90 million\n\n5. \"Knocked Up\" (2007) - Directed by Judd Apatow\nBox Office: $219 million\n\n6. \"Step Brothers\" (2008) - Directed by Adam McKay\nBox Office: $128 million\n\n7. \"Dumb and Dumber\" (1994) - Directed by Peter Farrelly\nBox Office: $247 million\n\n8. \"Ghostbusters\" (1984) - Directed by Ivan Reitman\nBox Office: $295 million\n\n9. \"Ace Ventura: Pet Detective\" (1994) - Directed by Tom Shadyac\nBox Office: $107 million\n\n10. \"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\" (2005) - Directed by Judd Apatow\nBox Office: $177 million" + ], + [ + "could you organize your response in a table format?", + "Here's a table of Hollywood comedies answered above, along with their directors, and approximate worldwide box office earnings:\n\n| Comedy Title | Director | Box Office Earnings |\n|------------------------------------------------|----------------|----------------------|\n| \"The Hangover\" (2009) | Todd Phillips | $467 million |\n| \"Bridesmaids\" (2011) | Paul Feig | $288 million |\n| \"Superbad\" (2007) | Greg Mottola | $170 million |\n| \"Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy\" (2004) | Adam McKay | $90 million |\n| \"Knocked Up\" (2007) | Judd Apatow | $219 million |\n| \"Step Brothers\" (2008) | Adam McKay | $128 million |\n| \"Dumb and Dumber\" (1994) | Peter Farrelly | $247 million |\n| \"Ghostbusters\" (1984) | Ivan Reitman | $295 million |\n| \"Ace Ventura: Pet Detective\" (1994) | Tom Shadyac | $107 million |" + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "what makes you think it would shatter? The force distribution over the back end of the projectile should be fairly even, so i don't quite see that happening. Also, the barrel holds it together while the force is applied.", + "input": "", + "output": "The fact is that a bullet made of ice is significantly less elastic than a regular one, and it wouldn't be able to dissipate the thrust force fast enough. A lead bullet (or whatever metal) gets deformed by the explosion (and gets compressed) and, due do the elasticity of metal, goes back to its original shape. An ice bullet, instead, would not modify its structure and, in the first few milliseconds after the gun is fired, the bullet will be shut between the power of the explosion and the pressure of the air coming from outside the barrel, and without being able to compress, it will shatter.", + "history": [ + [ + "Would a bullet made from ice be capable of killing somebody at 100 metres before melting?", + "The short answer is probably no.\nIt would either shatter because of the amount of force the weapon puts on it or melt because of the heat (in case of a regular combustion gun). The former has more chance of happening, before the ice even has the time to start melting.\nThe only way to shoot it without shattering it nor melting it, at least using weapons available to us, would be to use compressed air weapons, but it would need to be significantly powered down to prevent the bullet from shattering, so it would probably not be powerful enough to cause damage.\nThe force needed to break through one square inch of ice is roughly 400 pounds on average. The bullet you're trying to fire is probably 9mm, but let's just calculate as though it was about one square inch (although it's actually quite smaller than that): those 400 pounds equal roughly 1800N.\nThe force that comes out of a 9mm gun is approximately 383 ft-lbs, which equals to 520 newtons per metre. That amount is about 52000N per centimetre. One inch is about 2 and a half centimeters, so that means it's more about 20'800N per inch. As you can see, it's a lot more than what it takes to break ice.\nAs for the \"wall\" towards which something has to be pushed in order to break it, the air will fulfill the role: the atmospheric pressure is about 15 pounds per square inch: it doesn't seem like a lot, but in the time it takes the bullet to win this force and gain momentum, it gets shattered by the enormous amount of energy produced by the weapon." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "So, can I play the C Aeolian mode while playing in the key of C(major)?", + "input": "", + "output": "You can; that would be the same as playing in the key of A minor. Within the same key signature, you can start on any of the scale degrees and think of that as your root note, and then you're playing in a mode. You can even switch between modes mid-piece. For examples, take a look at Bach's fugues, especially the ones in a minor key; certain passages will sound \"happier\" than others, because the motif that forms the fugue is being played up two scale degrees from the root of the key, and thus in the Ionian mode of that key signature.", + "history": [ + [ + "What is the difference between a mode and a scale?", + "A **scale** is a sequence of ascending or descending unit pitches that form a palette of notes that can be used to form a melody. Most scales in Western music conform to a particular key; that is, a sequence of notes that will be sharp or flat by default. Not all scales have keys; the chromatic scale is a scale of all possible semitone steps used in Western music, while the whole-tone scale is a scale composed of intervals two semitones apart.\nWithin a particular key, there are 7 notes in a single octave, before reaching the 8th note which is named the same as the first note and is at double the frequency. The seven notes have differing intervals between adjacent notes; sometimes it's one half-step (semitone), while other times it's a whole step (two semitones). The pattern of whole-step/half-step intervals that determine the notes of a key, starting from the note for while the key is named, is whole-whole-half-whole-whole-whole-half. Within a single key, each of those seven notes could be used as the base note of an ascending sequence. Each such sequence, created by starting on a different note in the key, is a **mode** of that key, and each mode has a name:\n\n* Ionian - starts on the tonic; the note for which the key is named. In the key of C, the Ionian mode starts on C. This mode is the most common, and colloquially called the **major scale**. The pattern is WWHWWWH.\n* Dorian - starts on the next note higher in the key than the tonic (D, in the key of C). WHWWWHW.\n* Phrygian - starts on the note one major third higher than the tonic (E). HWWWHWW.\n* Lydian - starts on the note one perfect fourth higher than the tonic (F). WWWHWWH.\n* Mixolydian - starts on the note one perfect fifth higher than the tonic (G). WWHWWHW.\n* Aeolian - starts on the note one major sixth higher than the tonic (A). In modern music, this mode is also very important, and is referred to as the **natural minor scale**. WHWWHWW.\n* Locrian - starts on the note one major seventh higher than the tonic (B). HWWHWWW." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "You recommended three software: Adobe Photoshop, Corel Painter, and Procreate. The first two are computer software, and the last is iPad software. I would like to know if Procreate is as powerful as the first two.", + "input": "", + "output": "Procreate is a powerful painting software for the iPad. It offers a wide range of painting tools and features, including custom brushes, layers, color correction options, and more. However, Adobe Photoshop and Corel Painter are more robust professional-grade software that offers a wider range of features and capabilities that go beyond digital painting, like photo editing, graphic design, and more. \n\nWhile Procreate aims to be an all-in-one app for digital painting and drawing on the iPad, it may not offer some of the advanced features found in Photoshop or Corel Painter, like advanced color management, complex layer groupings, or sophisticated effects filters. \n\nThat said, Procreate is still a great option for artists who primarily want to focus on digital painting and drawing, and its user-friendly interface makes it easy for beginners to get started with digital artwork. Ultimately, the choice of software depends on your personal preferences and how you plan to use it.", + "history": [ + [ + "I want to learn watercolor painting, would you recommend hand painting or digital board painting?", + "Both traditional watercolor painting and digital watercolor painting exhibit distinct advantages and disadvantages.\n\nTraditional watercolor painting possesses a tactile essence and an organic aura, which captivate numerous artists. Engaging in this art form involves employing tangible materials such as paper, paint, and brushes, inducing a sense of relaxation and therapeutic solace. Moreover, it offers an outcome characterized by spontaneity and unpredictability, thus fostering excitement and a sense of unparalleled uniqueness.\n\nConversely, digital watercolor painting offers an array of merits. It permits the ability to undo or redo actions, grants greater control over paint application, color blending, and facilitates the utilization of multiple layers for artistic endeavors. Furthermore, digital artwork can be effortlessly edited, adjusted, transformed, scaled, and shared, making it particularly advantageous for digital artists and illustrators.\n\nI would suggest exploring both traditional and digital methods if feasible, as this will enable you to gain a more comprehensive understanding of what resonates most harmoniously with you." + ], + [ + "how do I start with digital watercolor painting?", + "Here are some suggestions to start with watercolor painting:\n\n1. Select the appropriate tools: The requisites include a drawing tablet, stylus, painting software, and a computer that complies with the software's system requirements. Prominent options for painting software encompass Adobe Photoshop, Corel Painter, and Procreate.\n\n2. Familiarize yourself with the software: Allocate time to acquaint yourself with the chosen painting software. Engage in tutorials, enroll in online courses, or peruse the documentation to commence your exploration.\n\n3. Opt for a brush and color palette: Tailor your selection of brushes and color palettes to harmonize with your artistic style and the envisioned painting. Consider experimenting with diverse brushes and color schemes to ascertain the optimal choices for your creative pursuits.\n\n4. Commence your painting endeavor: Utilize the digital pen to initiate the process of sketching your painting on the computer. Begin by outlining and delineating the fundamental contours and forms before delving into the intricate details or colors.\n5. Embrace practice and experimentation: Embrace the prospect of making mistakes and embrace the opportunities for experimenting with various techniques, thereby engendering diverse styles and effects.\n\nWith dedicated regular practice, your proficiencies in the realm of digital board painting shall progressively flourish." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "If captioning costs $5-$15 per minute, how does it become effectively free if you start out with it in mind?", + "input": "", + "output": "Sorry for causing any confusions. The issue at hand is not the cost of MOOCs themselves, but rather the cost associated with compliance and accessibility, particularly regarding adherence to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) for web materials. When it comes to creating web pages, recording audio and video, and other related tasks, there are indeed expenses involved. Some of these costs pertain to the production of web content, while others are specifically tied to ensuring compliance. However, if one plans for compliance from the outset, the process can be achieved at little to no additional expense.", + "history": [ + [ + "How much does it cost to make a MOOC universally accessible, as defined by the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990?", + "The cost of making a MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) universally accessible in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) can vary depending on several factors, such as the type of content the MOOC contains ( video / text / etc.). Meeting the Section 508* requirements for Web pages used in such a course is effectively without cost if one starts out to make such pages accessible. Retrofitting might cost as much as the original project, but the cost should be near zero for modern MOOCs.\n\n* Captioning and Transcripts: Closed (or open) captions are very expensive. Unless done at a foreign sweatshop, cost is $5.00 to $15.00 per minute, so something like $12,000 as a minimum, up over $35,000, for a one-semester course. In other words, the captioning can cost more than the professor. That's at least part of why some institutions employ ASL interpreters for class sections with deaf students. The $5-15 number given above could be reduced by using student labor, especially if the students are majors in the material being subtitled. In addition, captioning through voice recognition is getting much better, but still requires certain amount of manual editing. \n\n* Audio Descriptions: Making course materials available to the blind means being sure that everything that is shown is also described, either by the speaker who is presenting or in a manner that can be rendered through text-to-speech. The latter means being sure that there are good \"alt\" descriptions of images and that appropriate markup, e.g. MathML, is used for things like equations. In disciplines like computing, that isn't onerous, and the costs may disappear in the weeds of getting the course done. Things might be very different in a discipline like the visual arts.\n\n* Screen Reader Compatibility: Ensuring that the MOOC is compatible with screen readers and assistive technologies can involve additional development and testing efforts. This cost may vary depending on the complexity of the course platform and its current level of accessibility.\n\nIt is recommended to consult with accessibility experts, organizations specializing in accessible design, or accessibility consultants who can provide more accurate estimates based on the specific requirements of your MOOC. They can conduct a comprehensive evaluation and provide cost estimates tailored to your project's needs." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "Is it mentioned somewhere that it was Elder Wand that saved him? I'd expect that Voldermort could cast Killing Curse wandless and asleep. How would weaker wand prevent him from successfully casting it? Could wand itself alter the curse (not weaken, alter specifically to target the horcrux)?", + "input": "", + "output": "This comes straight from the book:\n> Harry saw Voldemort's green jet meet his own spell, saw the **Elder Wand** fly high, dark against the sunrise, spinning across the enchanted ceiling like the head of Nagini, spinning through the air toward the **master it would not kill**, who had come to take full possession of it at last.", + "history": [ + [ + "In Harry Potter And The Order of The Phoenix, Voldemort attempts to kill Harry in the Ministry after Sirius's death. Dumbledore arrives just in time to save Harry, shielding him with the wizard's statue. \nWhy did he defend Harry there? He knew of him being a Horcrux after the attack on Arthur Weasley (on examining one of his instruments), and presumably knew he had to die at Riddle's hands.\nWhy did he postpone the inevitable? ", + "It's hard to give a definitive reason for a fictional character's motivations when they aren't explicitly described anywhere, but there are any number of reasons events may have unfolded as they did.\n\n1. Dumbledore wasn't Voldemort-- he wasn't cool with murdering innocent people or allowing innocent people to die through inaction (certainly not in this phase of his life). He also showed a strong commitment to his students' safety and wellbeing, even in the case of a student that he knew for a fact was actively trying to murder him. Killing someone because it would be convenient or helpful is not a Professor Dumbledore move.\n\n2. It's not clear how much information Dumbledore had on the Horcruxes at that point. It's easy for a reader to look back at the novels and determine that Harry was 100% fated to die at some point in the struggle against Voldemort, but that's not a great guide an in-universe character's knowledge and motivations.\n\n3. Dumbledore was actively resisting Voldemort in every way he could manage at the time, and in particular wanted Voldemort's return to become public knowledge. It's not impossible that he viewed Voldemort's attack as an opportunity to injure, weaken, or otherwise frustrate Voldemort's efforts. At a minimum his approach was enough to force Ministry officials to accept that Voldemort was back, but it's also reasonable to think that if Voldemort clearly wanted something to happen, Dumbledore didn't want it to happen.\n\n4. Voldemort was clever and dangerous, and one of the few things Dumbledore could be pretty sure he would do was hunt Harry. With Harry dead, Voldemort would become less predictable but no less dangerous.\n\n5. Destroying all of the Horcruxes was important to defeating Voldemort but destroying any one was not-- that was the very reason Voldemort created so many of them. His being one seventh less immortal isn't an obviously huge setback for him, and indeed he did not seem to even notice that some of the Horcruxes were destroyed.\n\n6. The difficulty around the Horcruxes was mostly in finding and gaining possession of them, because Voldemort had hidden them away and protected them. Harry himself, on the other hand, was generally pretty easy to find over the course of the novels. Even if Dumbledore felt that Harry would need to die, there wasn't any reason that this particular opportunity for him to do so was unique or rare." + ], + [ + "I think there is one additional point: 7. Harry's willing sacrifice was an important part of his surviving the horcrux extraction. If he had died in book five (especially right after Siruis died) he would have almost certainly have stayed dead.\n", + "The sacrifice probaly doesn't work for himself. It enabled him to protect everyone else he cared about from Voldemort but it doesnt protect themselves otherwise why did Lily die? If he had died at the Ministry he most likely could have chosen to come back as he did in the forest but becuase he didnt sacrifice himself willingly there no one else would have protection from Voldemort. The thing that protected himself from Voldemorts spells at the end was the fact he was the owner of the Elder Wand." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "Do reviewers that make those kinds of comments tend to accept papers after these kinds of revisions?", + "input": "", + "output": "Reviewers don't accept papers, editors do. If you carefully address each of the reviewers' comments in a respectful and thorough manner, clearly explaining your choices and providing additional evidence or clarification where necessary, there is a chance that the revised paper will be accepted for publication. Reviewers often appreciate authors who are receptive to feedback and demonstrate a genuine effort to improve their work. However, there is no guarantee that the paper will be accepted even after major revisions.", + "history": [ + [ + "Three months ago, I submitted a manuscript to one of the most respected journals in my field. Today, I received comments from reviewers stating that my paper is not worth publishing in the journal. However, the editor decided to give it a major revision instead of outright rejection. Should I proceed to address all the questions posed by reviewers or should I just withdraw the paper and submit it elsewhere to save time?", + "Based on the description, I would advise you to sleep on it, suck it up, respond to the reviewers, revise the paper, and submit your revision to the journal.\nYes, reviewers can be absolutely, disgustingly, and unnecessarily rude and mean. Read their review, filter their non-technical rants, keep whatever helpful criticism you can extract from their comments, and address them nicely and respectfully. It may actually be that the techniques you used were adequate but you failed to point out why and how it would be unnecessary to use more expensive methods. Always assume that they are right. If they are mistaken, respectfully point out in your response why you are right and edit the original manuscript to make the issue clearer to future readers.\n\nFor instance, if the reviewer wrote:\n\n> The methods used in the paper are abysmal. The authors use an outdated and archaic method, which is also very uncertain, to measure the mass of the frogs, which is by weighting them on a scale. The atomic mass interferometer, which uses gravitational waves and is able to precisely infer mass with an uncertainty of one atomic mass unit per kilogram, is the state of the art in weighting.\n\nYou can write as a response:\n\n* The reviewer is absolutely correct that atomic mass interferometry (AMI) is the state of the art in weighting. However, we opted to use analytical scales to measure the mass of the frogs because the mass variations that we expected to measure are of at least 1 g, a quantity signficantly higher than the uncertainty of even the most rudimentary analytical scales. We do, however, agree, that the quantum mechanical analysis of the molecular buildup in neural entangled channels in during frog electrophoresis, which is suggested as an interesting prospective investigation, will benefit from the low uncertainty provided by AMI. In order to make it clear that the methods used in our study were adequate, we have modified the original manuscript to include the following sentence in the second paragraph of page 5: While there are more precise methods to infer mass, such as atomic mass interferometry, analytical scales offer accuracies that are compatible with the 1 g mass variations that were found in this study (see Table 3, for instance)." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "Phantasmagoria performances included direct projection and rear (shadow) projection. What is still interesting to speculate is whether the choice of the word 'screen' in this case is because the image was projected onto something resembling a physical object already known as a 'screen' (the upright device etc, or because 'the screen' in the example of the phantasmagoria performance performed the function of screening (that is to say concealing) the mechanics of the creation of the performance that occurred 'behind the screen'. Either meaning, or each reinforcing the other?", + "input": "", + "output": "That is a very interesting thought - but the Oxford English Dictionary clearly sees it as the former - listed under (a): \n> (a) of objects; e.g. for exhibition; a frame for photographs resembling a folding screen. 1888 Lady 25 Oct. 374/3 Some of the most delightful panel screens for photographs I ever set eyes on.\n\nThough the Phantasmagoria reference, appearing under (b) predates by several decades those examples. Wikipedia has an interesting article on 18th century phantasmagoria - mentioning one exponent who did his work from *behind* whereas others did it in front of the screen.", + "history": [ + [ + "I was wondering about why we call TV and computer displays \"screens\", and couldn't find any clear etymology for the term's use for displays.\nMy guess has to do with the hardware used in early displays. Perhaps the fields of tiny red, green, and blue cells looked like the screens used on windows and such, and the term stuck even as the hardware changed", + "The idea of a screen as an upright device, ornamental or protective against e.g. wind, fire, etc., goes back to the 14th century and earlier. And the sense of a screen as something for the projection of images derives from the fact that it was originally often a screen which was used for displaying objects for exhibition, pictures, photographs etc. \n\nThe Oxford English Dictionary describes this meaning of screen in this way:\n\n> (b) Of images; e.g. a flat vertical surface prepared for the reception of images from a magic lantern or the like; spec. (i) a usually large white surface for receiving the image from a film projector; (ii) a small fluorescent screen, esp. one in a television set or a computer monitor; hence, the monitor itself; (iii) transf. (usually with def. article), moving pictures collectively; the cinema; the film world.\n\nThe earliest reference they have to a screen as something for the projection of images dates from 1810:\n\n> 1810 New Family Receipt-bk. 257: To make Transparent Screens for the Exhibition of the Phantasmagoria.\n\nApparently, people realise phantasmagoria was a form of image by magic lantern. So there we have it. This was the origin of TV screens." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "Well, I think it is perfectly reasonable to give \"because I say so\" as a reason to children. Adults do not need to explain themselves to children. If an adult says \"go to your room\" then the child should go to their room immediately. The child should not say \"why should I? you're not going to your room\". An instruction is an instruction, not a request.", + "input": "", + "output": "While it's true that children should follow instructions from adults without questioning them, it's also beneficial to provide reasoning whenever possible. Giving children a basic understanding of why certain rules or actions are in place helps them develop critical thinking skills and a sense of fairness. While adults don't need to explain themselves every time, encouraging dialogue and providing age-appropriate explanations can foster a positive learning environment for children. Ultimately, finding a balance between clear expectations and reasonable explanations can promote mutual respect and understanding between parents and children.", + "history": [ + [ + "My wife and I have descended into the toddler years with our first. We have always been on the same page with each other whenever we correct bad behavior or instruct her on why a type of outburst is inappropriate. \nSo this begs the question, will she feel like we are always ganging up on her? If we are both constantly correcting and instructing in tandem, is that bad? Should one parent act as an advocate while the other is tough on the rules? Should there be a good cop and a bad cop?", + "Classic good-cop-bad-cop is definitely wrong with a toddler because it involves a lot of lying. The bad cop threatens to beat the suspect up or otherwise do something cops are not allowed to do. The bad cop steps out and the good cop says \"I'm on your side dude, but that guy is out of control and I don't know what he'll do next. Listen, if you just [....] I think I can get you out of this questioning session and maybe save your skin.\" Everything about this is a lie. The good cop isn't on the suspect's side, isn't trying to help the suspect, and knows full well the bad cop isn't ever going to hit, torture, or whatever the threat is. None of this is appropriate with your child.\n\nIt is advisory to give away any thoughts of an adversarial stance. You want your child to learn to be in control and not to tantrum. You want your child to comply with reasonable requests, whether that's putting on an item of clothing, helping to clean up, not hitting, or anything else. When your child can do those things, not only will you be happier but your child will too. You don't need to break their spirit, make them give up their resistance, force them to do what you want. You need to show them how to do the things everyone wants them to learn to do. Nobody is a bad cop in that. Nobody is a good cop. You can love your child while you're putting something out of their reach. You can smile and cuddle someone as part of letting them know they are not allowed to do a particular activity. You can be happy and cheerful while carrying a shoeless coatless child to the car (with their shoes and coat in your hands for later) and explaining there isn't time to play on the way now. \n\nWhatever these rules are, they should be the rules FOR everybody and BY everybody. If the toddler can't eat before dinner, nor can Daddy. If feet aren't allowed on the couch then that's the rule, not just \"if Mommy's looking.\" This kind of consistency isn't cruel or ganging up. You are showing your child the \"laws of physics\" of your home. This is how things go. Trying to understand mommy rules, daddy rules, sitter rules, grandparent rules - that's complicated! Remember, abiding by these rules isn't something mean or unfair, it's how life works in your house. And the toddler is trying to learn that. Make it as smooth as you can, and that includes being consistent, and not seeing the rules as mean." + ], + [ + "I don't agree with this: \"Whatever these rules are, they should be the rules FOR everybody and BY everybody. If the toddler can't eat before dinner, nor can Daddy.\"\nChildren are children, not adults. They don't have the same rights and responsibilities as adults. If an adult tells a child they can't eat before dinner that doesn't mean the adult can't eat before dinner.\nChildren are not equals. Consistency of discipline is good. Trying to impose the same rules on children and adults is absurd.", + "It's neither wrong nor absurd. Sure, the rules can be different, but there must be an understandable, explainable reason for that (e.g. Daddy skipped lunch because of work). If the only reason you can give is \"because I say so and I can make you do what I want\" then you're basically teaching the child that might makes right and whoever has the power sets the rules. That's not something you want them to internalize. Obviously, this is probably beyond a toddler's understanding, but it's good to get into the habit early." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why people don't go to a logarithmic scale (kind of like decibels), at least for low temperatures. Then there would be no lower limit.", + "input": "", + "output": "Exponential notation adequately handles temperatures that are sufficiently low. What is important is that temperature is just energy per degree of freedom and energy is additive, thus all nonlinear redefinitions of $T\\to f(T)$ would be unnatural. Also note that for the ideal gas, we have $pV=nRT$, so at a fixed pressure (or volume), the volume (or pressure) is proportional to $T$. We don't express pressures and volumes in terms of their logarithms, either, so it would be equally unnatural for the temperature.\n\nThe log scale is always a sort of \"policymaking issue\", making it easy for people to say simple numbers instead of powers of ten which are \"complicated constucts\" for most laymen. It's the only justification for decibels, pH, Richter scales, and other things: you just don't want the laymen to ever pronounce \"ten to the power of [a number]\", that's the only reason. But people achieved just a billionth of kelvin, that's the record, and those small numbers aren't extreme and one can express them in words like billionth without using \"ten to minus [a big power]\".", + "history": [ + [ + "Temperature conversion:\n$$273 + \\text{degree Celsius} = \\text{Kelvin}$$\nActually why is that $273$? How does one come up with this?", + "One Celsius (or Kelvin) degree as a temperature difference was defined as 1/100 of the temperature difference between the freezing point of water and boiling point of water. These points are called 0 °C and 100 °C, respectively. The number 100 arose because we're used to numbers that are powers of ten because we use the base-ten system. The Celsius degree is \"one percent\" of the temperature difference.\n\nThere also exists the minimum temperature that one may achieve. In Kelvin degrees, it's sensible to call this minimum 0 K: that's a primary condition on the \"natural\" temperature scales such as the Kelvin scale. If one insists that one Kelvin degree is equally large as one Celsius degree as a unit of temperature difference, it just turns out that the melting point of ice has to be 273.15 K and the boiling point of water is 373.15 K. It's because the temperature difference between the boiling and freezing points is 2.7315 times smaller than the temperature difference between the minimum allowed temperature, the absolute zero, and the freezing point of water.\n\nThe value 2.7315 cannot be easily explained in simple words. It represents a specific characteristic related to water, a natural phenomenon that arises from the principles of quantum mechanics. To understand this value, extensive simulations are required to analyze the behavior of water molecules across a wide range of temperatures. Through experimental evidence, we have confirmed that this value accurately reflects the properties of water." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "What is the source for the quoted material?", + "input": "", + "output": "The source is from Timatic (Travel Information Manual Automatic), which is a database containing documentation requirements for passengers traveling internationally via air, e.g. passport and visa requirements. The answer above was based on the scenario of a Kenyan citizen traveling directly from Kenya, whose destination was the Netherlands and had proof of return/onward travel, was planning to stay for 5 days, and had approximately three years of validity remaining on their Kenyan passport.", + "history": [ + [ + "I am from Kenya. Can I travel to the Netherlands to seek asylum with out a visa, because I want to seek asylum? Will Kenya Airways allow me to board a plane with out a visa to Schiphol Airport, considering I have my passport?", + "The answer appears to be no: it is extremely unlikely that the airline will allow you to board. A Kenyan citizen who wishes to enter the Netherlands must have a visa, proof of sufficient funds to cover their stay, and documents necessary for entry to their next destination. What's more, airlines are required to give special scrutiny to passengers from Kenya:\n\n> Airlines flying from the following airports to the Netherlands:\n\nAbu Dhabi (AUH), Accra (ACC), Bahrain (BAH), Beijing Capital (PEK), Boryspil (KBP), Cairo (CAI), Damman (DMM), Dar Es Salaam (DAR), Dubai (DXB), Entebbe (EBB), Guangzhou (CAN), Hong Kong (HKG), Hamad (DOH), Istanbul Ataturk (IST), Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen (SAW), Johannesburg (JNB), Kigali (KGL), Kilimanjaro (JRO), Kuala Lumpur (KUL), Kuwait (KWI), Lagos (LOS), Moscow Sheremetyevo (SVO), Muscat (MCT), Nairobi (NB ), New Delhi (DEL), Sao Paulo (GRU), Singapore (SIN) and Teheran (IKA) must provide copies of travel documents of all passengers on these flights in case they do not hold proper travel documents upon arrival i the Netherlands and are inadmissible. Copies must include the data page of the passport/travel document, the page with the visa and the page with departure/clearance stamp, where applicable. Non-compliance with these entry regulations will result in fines up to EUR 11,250.– per passenger for the carrier.\n\nAs you can see from the last sentence, the airline will have a strong incentive to check your travel documents before you board the plane." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "Can this be viewed intuitively from the perpective of the fact that in order for a bubble to form a higher-pressure must be applied to the air in front of the bubble; i.e. it must be blown into? Since this high-pressure air is the air that goes into the bubble, shouldn't this air be of this higher pressure for all time, rather like a balloon?", + "input": "", + "output": "It is true, that the ideas employed here are the same that would explain why the pressure inside a balloon is higher than outside. In order to inflate a balloon you want to blow extra air inside it. This is only possible when the pressure you create in your mouth is larger than the pressure in the interior of the balloon, since the air always flows from regions of large to small pressure in this example. Consequently, the fact that your have to blow quite a bit means that there is quite some pressure inside the balloon.", + "history": [ + [ + "Apparently, the air inside a soap bubble is under higher pressure than the surrounding air. This is for instance apparent in the sound bubbles make when they burst. Why is the pressure inside the bubble higher in the first place?", + "The increased pressure is caused by the surface tension between the soap and the surrounding air. This can be seen by a simple equilibrium energy argument. The total energy of the system reads\n$$\n E = E_i + E_o + E_s \\;,\n$$\nwhere $E_i$ is the energy associated with the air inside the bubble, $E_s$ is the interfacial energy, and $E_o$ denotes the energy associated with the air outside of the bubble. Importantly, the contribution of the surface energy is given by $E_s = 2 \\gamma A$, where $\\gamma$ is the surface tension and $A$ is the surface area of the bubble. The factor of 2 emerges, since there are actually two interfaces (one facing the inside of the soap bubble and one facing the outside).\n\nIn equilibrium, the total energy will be minimal. We thus analyze the total differential of the energy. Here, the differentials of the partial energies of the air can be approximated by the ideal gas law, which yields $dE_i = -p_i dV_i$ and $dE_o = -p_o dV_o$.\n\nNext, we have to discuss the degrees of freedom of the system. Generally, the soap bubble wants to keep its spherical shape to minimize the surface area (and thus the surface energy $E_s$) at a given volume. This leaves us with a single parameter, the radius $R$ of the bubble, which can be varied in any process. The volume differentials then become $dV_1 = 4\\pi R^2 dR$ and $dV_2 = -4\\pi R^2 dR$. Additionally, the surface area changes by $dA = 8\\pi R dR$. The differential of the surface energy thus reads $dE_s = 2\\gamma 8\\pi R dR$, provided that the surface tension stays constant.\n\nNow we got everything and can express the differential of the total energy as\n$$\n dE = -p_i 4 \\pi R^2 dR + p_o 4\\pi R^2 dR + 2\\gamma 8\\pi R dR \\;.\n$$\nDividing by $4\\pi R^2$ and noting that $dE/dR$ vanishes in equilibrium, we thus arrive at\n$$\n p_i - p_o = \\frac{4\\gamma}{R} \\;.\n$$\nThis expression shows that the pressure inside the bubble is large than outside. The pressure difference is two times the Laplace pressure $2\\gamma/R$." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "Does this then also mean that everything is a conductor - just depending on environment and voltage?", + "input": "", + "output": "Apply a voltage (doesn't have to be high), and elecrtricity will move through most materials. Admittedly very slowly through some, but still. For instance, PET (the plastic) will conduct about 10^28 times lower current than copper (given the same voltage, the same geometric shape of the conductor, and more or less room temperature). Of course, if you pass the breakdown voltage (high enough to make the material basically tear apart on an atomic scale, e.g. lightning through air) then that's a different story.", + "history": [ + [ + "Resistance is due to collision with protons, and pretty much everything contains protons. So technically is everything a resistor? (Or at least, can anything be a resistor?)", + "First, regarding \"resistance is due to collision with protons\" in your question:\n\nActually, there are lots of materials which don't contain protons outside of atomic nuclei — e.g. steel, glass, oxygen — but all these do have resistance. Dominant factors determining resistance vary from material to material: these can be scattering of electrons/holes by motion of atomic nuclei (i.e. by phonons), by point-like defects in the crystals, etc.. Scattering by protons you mention is a very specific case of scattering by impurities (crystal defects).\n\nSecond, regarding \"technically is everything a Resistor?(or atleast, anything can be a Resistor?)\" in your question:\n\nYes, anything can be a resistor, in suitable conditions. One important property of a resistor is that it obeys Ohm's law. If you apply too high voltage to e.g. pure silicon, its conductivity will abruptly increase due to electrical breakdown. In this range of voltages the piece of material shouldn't be considered a resistor. Or if you take a piece of mercury, cool it down below 4.2 kelvins, its resistivity will become exactly zero (superconductivity), after which it can't be considered a resistor.\n\nSimilarly with other materials – in the right conditions they'll be good enough resistors, outside of these conditions they aren't." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "Why can't I do `git submodule rm module_name`?", + "input": "", + "output": "One possible explanation is that the absence of a specific command is intentional. It could be aimed at avoiding accidental loss of data by making a clear distinction between removing submodule files and submodule configuration. For instance, if a command like git submodule rm were to exist and simply remove submodule registration, some users might be surprised to find that it also deletes the local repository, resulting in irretrievable loss of any local changes. On the other hand, some users might expect only the files associated with the submodule to be removed. By not having a dedicated command, it helps prevent misunderstandings and encourages users to handle submodule removal with caution and clarity.", + "history": [ + [ + "How do I remove a Git submodule?", + "In modern git, this has become quite a bit simpler:\n\n* Run `git rm `, and commit.\n\nThis removes the filetree at ``, and the submodule's entry in the `.gitmodules` file, i.e. all traces of the submodule in your repository proper are removed.\n\nHowever, the `.git` dir of the submodule is kept around (in the `modules/` directory of the main project's `.git` dir), to make it possible to checkout past commits without requiring fetching from another repository.\n\nIf you nonetheless want to remove this info, manually delete the submodule's directory in `.git/modules/`, and remove the submodule's entry in the file `.git/config`. These steps can be automated using the commands:\n\n* `rm -rf .git/modules/`, and\n* `git config --remove-section submodule.`." + ] + ] + }, + { + "instruction": "Please define \"closes over\".", + "input": "", + "output": "\"closes over\" i.e. refers \"to a local variable [say, `i`] from an enclosing scope\". refers, i.e. can inspect (or change) `i`'s value, even if/when that scope \"has finished its execution\", i.e. the execution of a program has gone forth to other parts of the code. The block where `i` is defined is no more, yet function(s) referring to `i` still can do so. This is commonly described as \"closing over the variable `i`\". To not deal with the specific variables, it can be implemented as closing over the whole environment frame where that variable is defined.", + "history": [ + [ + "Why aren't python nested functions called closures?", + "A closure occurs when a function has access to a local variable from an enclosing scope that has finished its execution. For example, \n\n```\ndef make_printer(msg):\n def printer():\n print(msg)\n return printer\nprinter = make_printer('Foo!')\nprinter()\n```\n\nWhen `make_printer` is called, a new frame is put on the stack with the compiled code for the `printer` function as a constant and the value of `msg` as a local. It then creates and returns the function. Because the function `printer` references the `msg` variable, it is kept alive after the `make_printer` function has returned.\nSo, if your nested functions don't\n\n* access variables that are local to enclosing scopes,\n* do so when they are executed outside of that scope,\n\nthen they are not closures.\n\nHere's an example of a nested function which is not a closure.\n```\ndef make_printer(msg):\n def printer(msg=msg):\n print(msg)\n return printer\nprinter = make_printer("Foo!")\nprinter() # Output: Foo!\n```\nHere, we are binding the value to the default value of a parameter. This occurs when the function `printer` is created and so no reference to the value of `msg` external to `printer` needs to be maintained after `make_printer` returns. `msg` is just a normal local variable of the function `printer` in this context." + ], + [ + "If we are going to go by the strictest functional programming definitions, are your examples even functions? The point is moot, if you consider the return value to be None, but that is a whole other topic.", + "Whether or not a blob of code is a closure depends on whether or not it closes over its environment, not what you call it. It could be a routine, function, procedure, method, block, subroutine, whatever. In Ruby, methods can't be closures, only blocks can. In Java, methods can't be closures, but classes can. That doesn't make them any less of a closure. Although the fact that they only close over *some* variables, and they cannot modify them, makes them next to useless. You could argue that a method is just a procedure closed over `self`. (In JavaScript/Python that's almost true.)" + ] + ] + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/refgpt_zh_50k_p1.json b/data/refgpt_zh_50k_p1.json index 56405bb8..f967a4f6 100644 --- a/data/refgpt_zh_50k_p1.json +++ b/data/refgpt_zh_50k_p1.json @@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ "history": [ [ "爱你许志安演唱歌曲\n《爱你》是香港歌手许志安演唱的一首歌曲。首次收录在1998年发布的粤语专辑《好许志安》\n中。\n中文名\n爱你\n所属专辑\n好许志安\n歌曲时长\n0时03分15秒\n歌曲原唱\n许志安\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n粤语\n 歌曲歌词世界末日到了么问我终结会如何海天一色似赤火烈焰中只得你我最美丽亦最赤裸两颗心最后消磨好比火花满天飞播爱 无限美无限你无限我再凝聚似天际的银河你对我这夜尚未承诺愿意么爱你我管不了是祸未想过是为何能爱着你苦也未去躲爱你最想得你附和像这宇宙谐和求你像我不要乱去想为什么世界末日到了么别理终结会如何不必想得那么多但愿这刻不错过你这夜下了禁锁但我不怕被蹉跎真心终可某天冲破爱 无限次无限试无限错你才是我想要的负荷你对我这夜尚未承诺愿意么爱你我管不了是祸未想过是为何能爱着你苦也未去躲爱你最想得你附和像这宇宙谐和求你像我不要乱去想爱你我管不了是祸未想过是为何能爱着你苦也未去躲爱你最想得你附和象这宇宙谐和求你象我不要乱去想为什么\n\n你好，请问许志安的《爱你》是哪一年发行的？", - "你好，Human！许志安的《爱你》这首歌曲首次发行于1998年，收录在他的粤语专辑《好许志安》中。" + "许志安的《爱你》这首歌曲首次发行于1998年，收录在他的粤语专辑《好许志安》中。" ], [ "这首歌的时长是多少呢？", @@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ "history": [ [ "一米阳光\n歌曲《一米阳光\n》是由潘月剑作词，刘垚作曲，张睿首唱的赞美妈妈的少儿歌曲。该歌曲作品是《张开歌声的翅膀》——潘月剑作词少儿歌曲精选辑中的曲目之一，北京三番音悦文化制作发行。\n中文名\n一米阳光\n所属专辑\n张开歌声的翅膀\n歌曲时长\n0时4分00秒\n歌曲原唱\n张睿\n填 词\n潘月剑\n谱 曲\n刘垚\n音乐风格\n儿童音乐\n发行日期\n2018年4月4日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n一米阳光歌曲歌词 \n我拥有一双翅膀一双天使的翅膀你用炽热的爱 带我去飞翔我好好学习 我天天向上是因为有你陪伴 陪伴在我身旁我拥有一双翅膀 一双天使的翅膀你用温暖的光 增添我力量我幸福我快乐 我轻舞飞扬是因为有你守护 守护在我身旁啊 你是我的太阳我就是你的一米阳光啊 你是我的信仰有你的地方就是天堂\n一米阳光歌曲简谱 \n一米阳光简谱\n\n我想了解一下歌曲《一米阳光》的信息，这首歌是谁作词和作曲的呢？", - "你好，Human！歌曲《一米阳光》的作词者是潘月剑，作曲者是刘垚。这首歌赞美了母爱，是一首非常感人的少儿歌曲。" + "歌曲《一米阳光》的作词者是潘月剑，作曲者是刘垚。这首歌赞美了母爱，是一首非常感人的少儿歌曲。" ], [ "那请问这首歌的原唱是谁？发行日期是什么时候？", @@ -1254,7 +1254,7 @@ "history": [ [ "栀子花\n《栀子花》是刘若英演唱的一首歌曲，收录在专辑《我很好》当中。\n中文名\n栀子花\n所属专辑\n我很好\n歌曲原唱\n刘若英\n发行时间\n2008年01月\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n栀子花歌曲信息 \n作词：刘若英作曲：刘若英编曲：李燕飞\n栀子花歌曲歌词 \n听见雨声睁开双眼栀子花开的季节落单牙刷浴室发呆等待是幸福的起点（音乐）那首情歌唱了几遍依然会有想哭感觉想着明天谁会出现谁爱了谁又再见一个人不怕雨天两个人就是晴天总有一天有个他在身边快乐悲伤昨天明天都不害怕 \n栀子花(5张)\n （音乐）又是春天初生绿叶暖暖阳光洒在窗前并肩牙刷浴室里面依偎是幸福的起点那首情歌唱了几遍突然会有脸红感觉因为今天有你陪在身边远方的云朵也在轻轻飞扬著栀子花盛开满满期待的六月这就是属于我们幸福的情节\n\n请问《栀子花》这首歌的所属专辑是什么？", - "你好，Human！《栀子花》这首歌曲所属的专辑是《我很好》。这张专辑于2008年1月发行，其中《栀子花》是由刘若英演唱的一首歌曲。" + "《栀子花》这首歌曲所属的专辑是《我很好》。这张专辑于2008年1月发行，其中《栀子花》是由刘若英演唱的一首歌曲。" ], [ "能告诉我这首歌的歌词吗？", @@ -2466,7 +2466,7 @@ "history": [ [ "陆地\n陆地，是汉语词语，拼音是lù dì，意思是指地球表面的固体部分，与海洋的水域形成对照。如：航行到看不见陆地了。\n中文名\n陆地\n外文名\nland\n拼 音\nlù dì\n \n陆地释义 \n指地球表面除去海洋（有时也除去江河湖泊）的部分。\n陆地出处 \n《管子·山至数》：“故币乘马者，布币於国，币为一国陆地之数。谓之币乘马。”《汉书·货殖传》：“故曰陆地牧马二百蹏，牛千蹏角，千足羊，泽中千足彘，水居千石鱼波，山居千章之萩。” 明 徐光启 《农政全书》卷二五：“北方水源颇少，陆地沾湿处，宜种此稻。”\n明代袁可立《陈发兵出海之期疏》：“陆地抵复州三十里，盖州百八十里，水路抵盖则半日程。”咟喥咟萪\n\n你好，请问陆地是指什么？", - "你好，Human。陆地是汉语词语，拼音为lù dì。它指的是地球表面的固体部分，与海洋的水域形成对照。总之，陆地是地球表面除去海洋（有时也除去江河湖泊）的部分。" + "陆地是汉语词语，拼音为lù dì。它指的是地球表面的固体部分，与海洋的水域形成对照。总之，陆地是地球表面除去海洋（有时也除去江河湖泊）的部分。" ], [ "陆地单词的来源是什么？", @@ -2842,11 +2842,11 @@ { "instruction": "太棒了！谢谢你，你给了我很多宝贵的建议，这对我在掌握换盆技术上非常有帮助。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能帮助你学习换盆技术。如果你在养花的过程中还有其他问题，随时欢迎向我请教，我会尽力帮助你。祝你在养花路上越来越成功！", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能帮助你学习换盆技术。如果你在养花的过程中还有其他问题，随时欢迎向我请教，我会尽力帮助你。祝你在养花路上越来越成功！", "history": [ [ "换盆\n换盆也叫翻盆，随着花卉植株逐渐长大，需要将花卉由小盆移到较大的盆，这个过程叫做换盆。换盆时事先将盆内的湿度控制住，不要太湿，仍需控制水量，宁干勿湿为佳。凡是养花，都会遇到换盆的问题。比如：从地栽换为盆栽，从小盆换为大盆，从普通土盆换为带釉瓷盆等等，掌握好换盆的技术方法是花木成活、正常生长发育的关键。\n中文名\n换盆\n别 名\n翻盆\n西班牙语\nCambiar hierba\n法 语\nRempoter\n韩 语\n바꿔 대야\n \n换盆换盆技术 \n其技术要点是：一、使用新盆前的技术处理。凡用新盆换盆或养花前，都应先放在清水中浸泡一昼夜，刷洗、晾干后再使用，以除却燥性和碱性；如使用旧盆，一定要先消毒、杀菌，以防止带有病菌、虫卵，方法是先将旧盆放在阳光下曝晒4~5小时后，喷洒1%的福尔马林溶液密闭1~2小时，敞晾5~6小时再用清水洗净，洗时用刷子内外刷洗干净，清除可能存在的虫卵等。二、选择相应口径的花盆。应根据植株大小选用花盆，要求花木植冠幅多大就选择多大口径的花盆。有人为节省小盆换大盆的麻烦，常喜欢用大盆养小花，这样做是不对的，对花卉生长十分不利。因为花小需要的肥水少，而盆大土多，不仅是浪费，而且往往不易掌握水肥量，反而影响了花卉的正常生长，还会出现营养过盛而生长慢，难以开花的现象。三、花盆底部的处理。上盆前，要先将花盆底部的排水孔用1~2块碎盆片盖上，使呈“人”字形，使排水孔“盖而不堵，挡而不死”，遇到水分过多时能从碎盆片的缝隙中流出去，避免盆内积水造成根系窒息，生长不育或死亡。换栽君子兰、兰花、郁金香等名贵花木，盆底除多垫几块碎盆片外，还应垫些煤渣或小碎石块，以增加排水能力，解决通气性等问题。四、正确地栽植花木。花卉植株必须放入盆中央，踏实扶正后四周慢慢加入营养土，加到一半时轻轻压实，使植株与土紧密结合。对不带团的花木，当营养土加到一半时应将植株轻轻向上悬提一下，使根系伸展，然后一边加土一边把土压紧，直到距离盆沿2~3厘米为宜。花木栽好后，浇一次透水后，放置荫凉处半个月左右，等花木逐步恢复生机适应盆土环境后，再移到有阳光的地方转入正常管理。\n换盆具体方法\n\n我最近在研究换盆技术，请问如何准备花盆？", - "你好Human！在研究换盆技术时，准备好花盆很重要。对于新盆，请将它们放在清水中浸泡一昼夜，然后刷洗、晾干以去除燥性和碱性。对于旧花盆，为了消毒和杀菌，先将它们放在阳光下曝晒4~5小时，之后喷洒1%的福尔马林溶液并密闭1~2小时，最后敞晾5~6小时，并用清水和刷子将内外刷洗干净，清除可能存在的虫卵等。这样可以确保花盆对植物无害。" + "在研究换盆技术时，准备好花盆很重要。对于新盆，请将它们放在清水中浸泡一昼夜，然后刷洗、晾干以去除燥性和碱性。对于旧花盆，为了消毒和杀菌，先将它们放在阳光下曝晒4~5小时，之后喷洒1%的福尔马林溶液并密闭1~2小时，最后敞晾5~6小时，并用清水和刷子将内外刷洗干净，清除可能存在的虫卵等。这样可以确保花盆对植物无害。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。那么我应该如何选择合适口径的花盆呢？", @@ -2869,7 +2869,7 @@ "history": [ [ "心形杯\n《心形杯》是紫君演唱的歌曲，收录于《爱情没有对错》专辑中。\n中文名\n心形杯\n所属专辑\n爱情没有对错\n歌曲原唱\n紫君\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n 歌曲歌词空气中弥漫着你的香烟灰色的天让我好疲倦幸福的一瞬间用一生一点一点去怀念爱神的箭 刺进我心里面让我每天都想爱你再多一点恋爱的火焰已到了终点蝴蝶在空中相恋我却只剩一张破碎的照片空荡荡的房间记录着我们从前思念蔓延在我的心里面蝴蝶在空中相恋我却独自一人站在那窗边透明的心形杯如今已破碎是我把爱情看的太完美空气中弥漫着你的香烟灰色的天让我好疲倦幸福的一瞬间用一生一点一点去怀念爱神的箭 刺进我心里面让我每天都想爱你再多一点恋爱的火焰已到了终点蝴蝶在空中相恋我却只剩一张破碎的照片空荡荡的房间记录着我们从前思念蔓延在我的心里面蝴蝶在空中相恋我却独自一人站在那窗边透明的心形杯如今已破碎是我把爱情看的太完美蝴蝶在空中相恋我却独自一人站在那窗边透明的心形杯如今已破碎是我把爱情看的太完美蝴蝶在空中相恋我却只剩一张破碎的照片空荡荡的房间记录着我们从前思念在我心里蔓延蝴蝶在空中相恋我却独自一人站在那窗边透明的心形杯如今已破碎是我把爱情看的太完美透明的心形杯如今已破碎\n\n请问紫君的《心形杯》是收录于哪张专辑中的？", - "你好，Human！紫君的《心形杯》这首歌曲收录于《爱情没有对错》专辑中。" + "紫君的《心形杯》这首歌曲收录于《爱情没有对错》专辑中。" ], [ "这首歌的歌词中提到了一种形象，能否告诉我是什么？", @@ -3072,7 +3072,7 @@ "history": [ [ "松下电器产业株式会社\nPanasonic公司（日语：パナソニック株式会社）， 原名松下电器产业公司，为日本的大型电器制造企业，总部设于大阪。2020年9月18日，松下员工在“918”当天发布正当言论被中国籍管理人员干涉；19日，松下电器公司针对该事件发布了声明。\n公司名称\n日本松下电器产业株式会社\n外文名\nPanasonic Co., Ltd.\n成立时间\n1918年\n总部地点\n日本大阪府门真市\n经营范围\n家电 电子产品\n公司类型\n外商独资\n公司口号\nPanasonic ideas for life\n年营业额\n91081亿日元 (2007年3月31日资料)\n员工数\n328,645 (2007年3月31日资料)\n创始人\n松下幸之助\n \n同义词\n松下电器一般指松下电器产业株式会社\n \n松下电器产业株式会社基本信息 \n中文名：松下电器　英文名：日文名：パナソニック株式会社日本总公司名称为了与其主打英语商标Panasonic统一，已于2008年10月1日起，改名为パナソニック株式会社，（Panasonic Co., Ltd.）（原名：松下电器产业株式会社）是日本的大型电器制造公司，总公司设于大阪府门真市。注：パナソニック为Panasonic的日本语片假名的写法。\n松下电器产业株式会社概况 \n松下电器于1918年由松下幸之助在大阪创立，创业时做的是电灯灯座。1927年制作自行车用的车灯。1951年松下幸之助到美国，打开了松下电器在美国的市场，因此让松下电器从1950年代到1970年代有突破性的成长。松下电器的产品线极广，除了家电以外，还生产数位电子产品，如DVD、DV（数位摄影机）、MP3播放机、数码相机、液晶电视、笔记本电脑等。还扩及到电子零件、电工零件（如插座盖板）、半导体等。间接与直接投资公司有数百家。\n松下电器产业株式会社发展历程\n\n你好，请问你知道Panasonic公司的中文名字吗？", - "你好，Human！Panasonic公司的中文名字是“松下电器产业株式会社”。这是一家日本大型电器制造企业，总部位于大阪府门真市。它以前叫做松下电器产业公司，如今已经是一家非常知名的家电及电子产品制造商。" + "Panasonic公司的中文名字是“松下电器产业株式会社”。这是一家日本大型电器制造企业，总部位于大阪府门真市。它以前叫做松下电器产业公司，如今已经是一家非常知名的家电及电子产品制造商。" ], [ "能给我简要介绍一下松下电器的创建历程吗？", @@ -3095,7 +3095,7 @@ "history": [ [ "破局风起中文网小说\n《破局》是风起中文网的作者叶颜生创作的都市异能类小说。\n作品名称\n破局\n作 者\n叶颜生\n字 数\n315618\n连载网站\n风起中文网\n \n破局内容简介 \n关于青春，关于爱情，关于背叛，关于事业，关于一些充满激情热血的当下时髦青年男女在人生的岔路口如何破局。\n破局作品目录 \n前言第一章第二章第三章第四章第五章第六章第七章第八章第九章第十章第十一章第十二章第十三章第十四章第十五章第十六章第十七章第十八章第十九章第二十章第二十一章第二十二章第二十三章第二十四章第二十五章第二十六章第二十七章第二十八章第二十九章第三十章第三十一章第三十二章第三十三章第三十四章第三十五章第三十六章第三十七章第三十八章第三十九章第四十章第四十一章第四十二章第四十三章第四十四章第四十五章第四十六章第四十七章第四十八章第四十九章第五十章第五十一章第五十二章第五十三章第五十四章第五十五章第五十六章第五十七章第五十八章第五十九章第六十章第六十一章第六十二章第六十三章第六十四章第六十五章第六十六章第六十七章第六十八章第六十九章第七十章第七十一章第七十二章第七十三章第七十四章第七十五章第七十六章第七十七章第七十八章第七十九章第八十章第八十一章第八十二章第八十三章第八十四章第八十五章第八十六章第八十七章第八十八章第八十九章第九十章第九十一章第九十二章第九十三章第九十四章第九十五章第九十六章第九十七章第九十八章第九十九章第一百章第一百零一章第一百零二章第一百零三章第一百零四章第一百零五章第一百零六章第一百零七章第一百零八章第一百零九章第一百一十章第一百一十一章第一百一十二章第一百一十三章第一百一十四章第一百一十五章第一百一十六章第一百一十七章第一百一十八章第一百一十九章第一百二十章第一百二十一章第一百二十二章第一百二十三章第一百二十四章第一百二十五章第一百二十六章第一百二十七章第一百二十八章第一百二十九章第一百三十章第一百三十一章第一百三十二章第一百三十三章第一百三十四章第一百三十五章第一百三十六章第一百三十七章第一百三十八章第一百三十九章第一百四十章第一百四十一章\n\n请问你对《破局》这部小说了解吗？", - "你好，Human。我了解《破局》这部小说。它是由叶颜生创作的都市异能类小说，共有315618字，目前连载在风起中文网。这部作品讲述了关于青春、爱情、背叛、事业等话题，主要围绕一些充满激情热血的当下时髦青年男女在人生的岔路口如何破局。如有关于这部小说的问题，请随时向我提问。" + "我了解《破局》这部小说。它是由叶颜生创作的都市异能类小说，共有315618字，目前连载在风起中文网。这部作品讲述了关于青春、爱情、背叛、事业等话题，主要围绕一些充满激情热血的当下时髦青年男女在人生的岔路口如何破局。如有关于这部小说的问题，请随时向我提问。" ], [ "请问这部小说中的主要角色是谁？", @@ -3208,7 +3208,7 @@ "history": [ [ "交友\n交友，汉语词汇。拼音：jiāo yǒu释义：1、朋友。2、结交朋友。介绍：交友是人们为了摆脱自己单身的生活，而去结交认识他人的过程。交友的类型可以是女朋友或者男朋友，也可以是普通朋友。指出主要是包括一方对另一方的信任，并把信任给予对方，允许对方与自己交往，含有互动交友。\n中文名\n交友\n外文名\nmake friends\n词 性\n动词\n注 释\n与他们结交并建立友好关系\n \n交友词目 \n交友\n交友拼音 \njiāo yǒu\n交友引证解释 \n1、朋友。《商君书·禁使》：“故至治，夫妻交友不能相为弃恶盖非而不害于亲，民人不能相为隐。”《隋书·元亨传》：“亨年十二，魏恭帝在储宫，引为交友。”宋《游宦纪闻》卷八：“黄公铢，字子厚，富沙浦城人，与朱文公为交友。”\n2. 结交朋友。《礼记·儒行》：“其行本方立义，同而进，不同而退，其交友有如此者。”《后汉书·仲长统传》：“年二十馀，游学青、徐、并、冀之间，与交友者多异之。”《菜根谭》：用人不宜刻，刻则思效者去；交友不宜滥，滥则贡谀者来。清纳兰性德《渌水亭杂识·卷二》：“交友不能信者，事君必不忠。”\n交友交友之道\n\n请问如何结交新朋友呢？", - "你好，Human！结交新朋友的方法有很多。以下是一些建议：\n\n1. 参加各种社交活动和聚会，拓宽人际关系。\n\n2. 加入具有共同兴趣的社团或组织，与志同道合的人建立联系。\n\n3. 保持友善和真诚的态度，对他人表示关心和尊重。\n\n4. 能够主动倾听他人，分享自己的经验和想法（也要注意别人的感受）。\n\n5. 能够与他们保持联系，如互动、关心对方生活等。\n\n通过这些方法，你可以逐渐建立起友好、互信的关系，从而结交到新朋友。当然，每个人的性格和处事方式不同，所以最重要的是找到适合自己的交友方式。" + "结交新朋友的方法有很多。以下是一些建议：\n\n1. 参加各种社交活动和聚会，拓宽人际关系。\n\n2. 加入具有共同兴趣的社团或组织，与志同道合的人建立联系。\n\n3. 保持友善和真诚的态度，对他人表示关心和尊重。\n\n4. 能够主动倾听他人，分享自己的经验和想法（也要注意别人的感受）。\n\n5. 能够与他们保持联系，如互动、关心对方生活等。\n\n通过这些方法，你可以逐渐建立起友好、互信的关系，从而结交到新朋友。当然，每个人的性格和处事方式不同，所以最重要的是找到适合自己的交友方式。" ], [ "有时候我觉得自己在社交场合有点紧张，有什么办法可以克服这种紧张感吗？", @@ -3544,7 +3544,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黑心棉\n“黑心棉”是劣质生活用絮用纤维制品的俗称。一般生活用絮用纤维制品（被、褥、枕、棉服等）不符合国家标准GB18383-2007中第4.1、第4.2条要求的，则可认定为劣质生活用絮用纤维制品。\n中文名\n黑心棉\n外文名\nBlack heart cotton\n危 害\n引起瘙痒过敏、呼吸困难等\n制 品\n被、褥、枕、棉服、坐垫等\n拼 音\nhēi xīn mián\n \n黑心棉基本特征 \n黑心棉就是劣质絮用纤维制品，具有以下特征：1、呆白而无光泽。2、手感无弹力。3、不光滑，易粘连衣物。4、双手扯断束纤维断裂整齐，纤维强力极低。5、有化学漂白处理有异味。经过漂白处理的“黑心棉”对人体危害极大。它不但破坏了棉纤维表皮的蜡质层，而且纤维中腔和胞壁也吸收了大量的化学物质，直接接触人体会引起瘙痒过敏、呼吸困难等症状，长期使用会使人得病。\n黑心棉辨别方式\n\n你好，请问什么是黑心棉？", - "你好，Human！黑心棉是劣质生活用絮用纤维制品的俗称。它包括被子、褥子、枕头、棉服等。当这些产品不符合国家标准GB18383-2007中第4.1、第4.2条要求时，就可以被认定为黑心棉。它的制作过程使用了劣质原料和不当处理方法，会给使用者带来诸如瘙痒过敏、呼吸困难等不良影响。" + "黑心棉是劣质生活用絮用纤维制品的俗称。它包括被子、褥子、枕头、棉服等。当这些产品不符合国家标准GB18383-2007中第4.1、第4.2条要求时，就可以被认定为黑心棉。它的制作过程使用了劣质原料和不当处理方法，会给使用者带来诸如瘙痒过敏、呼吸困难等不良影响。" ], [ "有哪些方法可以辨别黑心棉？", @@ -3628,7 +3628,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国防科技\n《国防科技》创刊于1978年，是由国防科学技术大学主管并主办的科技军事类学术期刊，同时也是军事学核心期刊培育建设期刊与DOI会员\n。据2018年11月《国防科技》期刊官网显示，《国防科技》编委会共有编委20人，编辑2人\n。据2018年11月8日中国知网显示，《国防科技》出版文献共4411篇，总被下载588878次、总被引8004次；（2018版）复合影响因子为0.411，（2018版）综合影响因子为0.289 。据2018年11月8日万方数据知识服务平台显示，《国防科技》载文量为2224篇，被引量为4145、下载量为80450；根据2015年中国期刊引证报告（扩刊版）数据显示，《国防科技》2015年影响因子为0.646，在全部统计源期刊（6735种）中排第2135名，在军事科技（34种）中排名第6名 。\n中文名\n国防科学\n外文名\nDefense Technology Review\n语 种\n中文\n类 别\n军事\n主管单位\n国防科学技术大学\n主办单位\n国防科学技术大学\n编辑单位\n《国防科学》编辑部\n创刊时间\n1978年\n出版周期\n双月刊\n国内刊号\n43-1365/E\n国际刊号\n1671-4547\n邮发代号\n42-37\n现任主编\n刘波\n编辑部地址\n湖南省长沙市开福区德雅路109号\n属 性\n中国核心期刊\n \n国防科技办刊历史 \n1978年，《国防科技参考》创刊。2001年，《国防科技参考》改名为《国防科技》，并由季刊改为月刊。2008年，《国防科技》由月刊改为双月刊\n。2014年10月，《国防科技》网站正式运行；12月，《国防科技》成为原中国国家新闻出版广电总局第一批认定学术期刊\n。\n国防科技办刊条件 \n国防科技栏目方向\n《国防科技》辟有科技前沿、装备动态、安全观察、战略论坛、将军论坛、院士评论、外军瞭望、历史钩沉、学术争鸣、作战训练、科苑感言等栏目\n。\n国防科技人员编制\n据2018年11月《国防科技》期刊官网显示，《国防科技》编委会共有编委20人，编辑2人\n。《国防科技》编委会编委马建光王瑞石海明刘艳琼匡兴华朱启超张东裔李自力杨乐平苏金树周朴赵阳赵荣钟华郭梅初黄知涛黄朝峰傅中力曾华锋廖东升编辑周宁琳孟斌斌-\n国防科技制度保障\n《国防科技》采取专家审稿制度。稿件取舍重在学术水平，力求具有真知灼见，发明创新，要求论据可靠，论证周密，语言通顺，逻辑合理。要求文章是作者的研究成果，可以公开发表\n。\n国防科技办刊成果\n\n你好，请问《国防科技》这本期刊是由哪个学校主管并主办的？", - "你好，Human！《国防科技》这本期刊是由国防科学技术大学主管并主办的。这是一本科技军事类学术期刊，创刊于1978年。" + "《国防科技》这本期刊是由国防科学技术大学主管并主办的。这是一本科技军事类学术期刊，创刊于1978年。" ], [ "感谢回答，请问现任主编是谁？", @@ -4093,7 +4093,7 @@ "history": [ [ "思想钢印小说《三体II：黑暗森林》中的机器\n指中国科幻作家刘慈欣科幻小说作品《三体II:黑暗森林》中的一个机器，由面壁者比尔·希恩斯的妻子山杉慧子发明（名义上是希恩斯）。\n中文名\n思想钢印\n外文名\nThoughtcontrol\n \n思想钢印发明 \n地球人为了对抗三体人的智子对人类的偷窥，决定选出四个面壁者。每一个面壁者在不受任何干扰的情况下独立思考和设计对付三体人的计划。其中，第三位面壁者比尔·希恩斯，英国物理学家，他和妻子山杉惠子一起发现了人类大脑的思维和记忆活动是由量子过程完成的。希恩斯的秘密计划是挽救人类的逃亡主义，为了达到这个目的，他们发明了思想钢印机器，被思想钢印机器打了思想钢印的人，思维方式就被控制了，例如，对人类未来充满乐观主义。思想钢印之所以可以被发明，是和希恩斯等人发现人类做出决定的机制有关的——这里就涉及人类的意志了。这个机制就是：“不谈技术细节了，简单说吧，在大脑神经元网络中，我们发现了思维做出判断的机制，并且能够对其产生决定性的影响。把人类思维做出判断的过程与计算机作一个类比：从外界输入数据，计算，最后给出结果。我们可以把计算过程省略，直接给出结果。当某个信息进入大脑时，通过对神经元网络的某一部分施加影响，我们可以使大脑不经思维就做出判断，相信这个信息为真。”\n思想钢印信念中心 \n行星防御理事会面壁计划听证会决定，把思想钢印作为一种公共设施的东西对社会开放，叫做信念中心。它的命题只限一个，就是对战争胜利的信念，愿意借助思想钢印获得这种信念的人，在完全自愿的情况下，在严格监督下都可以使用这个设施，但是使用范围仅限于太空军。信念中心的大门前立着一座缩小比例精确复制的自由女神像，女神像基上镌刻着一首诗：思想钢印命题全文：“在抗击三体世界入侵的战争中，人类必胜，入侵太阳系的敌人将被消灭，地球文明将在宇宙中万代延续。”\n思想钢印真相 \n危机纪元205年，面壁者罗辑与希恩斯同时从冬眠中醒来，共同参加了取消面壁者资格的大会。罗辑退出后，参加会议的山杉慧子（即希恩斯的妻子）告知自己是希恩斯的破壁人，并公布了思想钢印的真相：希恩斯偷偷制造了5台思想钢印，并将思想钢印的命题设置为人类必败。\n思想钢印主要影响 \n共有约5万人接受思想钢印，在太空军中建立了失败主义的组织，给太空军造成了严重打击。但是最后这一部分人，延续了人类文明的火种。\n\n你好。请告诉我一下《三体II：黑暗森林》这本书中的思想钢印是什么？", - "你好，Human。在《三体II：黑暗森林》这部科幻小说中，思想钢印是一个被发明出来的机器。它的原理是利用人类大脑神经元网络中的思维机制，通过对神经元网络施加影响，使得大脑在接收到某个信息时不经过思维就做出判断，并相信这个信息为真。思想钢印是由英国物理学家比尔·希恩斯和他的妻子山杉惠子一起发明的，旨在挽救人类，控制人们的思维方式，如让人们对人类的未来充满乐观主义。" + "在《三体II：黑暗森林》这部科幻小说中，思想钢印是一个被发明出来的机器。它的原理是利用人类大脑神经元网络中的思维机制，通过对神经元网络施加影响，使得大脑在接收到某个信息时不经过思维就做出判断，并相信这个信息为真。思想钢印是由英国物理学家比尔·希恩斯和他的妻子山杉惠子一起发明的，旨在挽救人类，控制人们的思维方式，如让人们对人类的未来充满乐观主义。" ], [ "请解释一下为何地球人会选择发明思想钢印？", @@ -4112,7 +4112,7 @@ "history": [ [ "残酷天使的行动纲领日本1995年高桥洋子演唱的歌曲\n《残酷天使的行动纲领》，是1995年播出的日本动画片《新世纪福音战士》TV版的主题曲。也是高桥洋子的第11张单曲。由STARCHILD公司于1995年10月25日发售。该曲由佐藤英敏作曲，及川眠子填词，高桥洋子演唱。该曲于2011年获得了JASRAC赏的第一名金奖。\n中文名\n残酷天使的行动纲领\n外文名\n残酷な天使のテーゼ、A Cruel Angel's Thesis\n所属专辑\nBEST PIECES\n歌曲时长\n0时04分05秒\n歌曲原唱\n高桥洋子\n填 词\n及川眠子\n谱 曲\n佐藤英敏\n编 曲\n大森俊之\n音乐风格\n日本流行乐\n动漫音乐\n歌曲语言\n日语\n发行时间\n1995年\n \n残酷天使的行动纲领创作背景 \n在词作家及川眠子的推特上，公开了《残酷天使的行动纲领》的创作过程和本人与动画《EVA》的关系。根据推文可以看出，及川眠子对《EVA》并没有太大兴趣，整个歌词的创作过程也只是用了2个小时。及川眠子表示，《残酷天使的行动纲领》是通过经纪人介绍的，用了30分钟左右的随意商谈，粗略的看了看企划书，快进的看了2集的影像，随便写了些东西。大概用了2个小时左右的时间完成。他还表示，在发布了《残酷天使的行动纲领》的诞生秘话之后，会有如此多的回复，之前也在不同的地方说过、写过。他从来没看过《EVA》，连谁和谁在战斗都还不知道。\n歌曲名中的テーゼ源于德文These或Thesis，意为论文、命题。\n残酷天使的行动纲领歌曲歌词\n\n请问《残酷天使的行动纲领》是哪个动画的主题曲呢？", - "你好，Human！《残酷天使的行动纲领》是1995年播出的日本动画片《新世纪福音战士》TV版的主题曲。这首歌由高桥洋子演唱，填词及川眠子，作曲佐藤英敏。" + "《残酷天使的行动纲领》是1995年播出的日本动画片《新世纪福音战士》TV版的主题曲。这首歌由高桥洋子演唱，填词及川眠子，作曲佐藤英敏。" ], [ "能告诉我一下这首歌的发行时间吗？", @@ -4196,7 +4196,7 @@ "history": [ [ "侠盗猎车手由Rockstar Games开发的系列动作游戏\n《侠盗猎车手》是由Rockstar Games开发的以犯罪为主题的世界著名游戏，别名有《侠盗飞车》、《横行霸道》等，于1997年发行第一部作品。\n《侠盗猎车手》在黑帮的背景下混合了驾驶、枪战、格斗、养成乃至经营的元素。这款游戏自《侠盗猎车手：罪恶都市》发行以后便迅速占领玩家们的视野，大多数中国玩家从这里开始认识《侠盗猎车手》。\n中文名\n侠盗猎车手\n原版名称\nGrand Theft Auto\n别 名\n侠盗飞车、侠盗猎车、横行霸道（港台）、GTA\n游戏类型\n冒险、驾驶、第三人称射击游戏\n游戏平台\n家用机：PS2、PS3、PS4、Xbox360、xboxOne\n掌机：GB、GBA、PSP、NDS\n电脑：PC\n游戏平台\n移动平台：Android，IOS\n所属系列\n侠盗猎车手\n地 区\n美国\n开发商\nRockstar North\n发行公司\nRockstar Games\n发行日期\n1997年11月21日(初代)\n适合年龄\n18岁以上\n \n同义词\n侠盗飞车一般指侠盗猎车手（由Rockstar Games开发的系列动作游戏）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n侠盗猎车手游戏简介 \n在意大利移民遗留下来的古老传统的影响下，家族成为美国黑帮文化的一个重要组成部分，对那些无法无天的帮派份子来说，家族与亲人，在他们心中有着无法言谕的地位。这次我们的主角天才罪犯卡尔·强森（朋友们都叫他CJ）在过了5年平静的生活之后，忽闻母亲在家乡遇害。这时他身体中的“帮派之血”再次熊熊燃烧起来，现在CJ便要重返圣安德列亚，在明争暗斗的几个地下势力之间再次掀起新一轮的腥风血雨。这次CJ将会投靠自己的哥哥，重振橙林家族。《侠盗猎车手圣安地列斯》游戏舞台由前作的佛罗里达移至加州，虚构的圣安德列亚市是由三个城市（Los Santos、以洛山矶为原型，San Fierro、以旧金山为原型，Las Venturra、以拉斯维加斯为原型）和绵延数里的高速公路、沙漠、山脉、河流湖泊组成，圣安地列斯范围会比以前的Vice City大上五六倍，在这里你可以找到各式风格不同的景观，事实上你将其称为一个微缩的世界亦不为过。\n侠盗猎车手游戏设定\n\n你好，请问《侠盗猎车手》这款游戏是由哪个公司开发和发行的？", - "你好，Human！《侠盗猎车手》（Grand Theft Auto）这款游戏是由Rockstar North开发，Rockstar Games负责发行的。这个系列有多个别名，如侠盗飞车、侠盗猎车、横行霸道（港台）等。" + "《侠盗猎车手》（Grand Theft Auto）这款游戏是由Rockstar North开发，Rockstar Games负责发行的。这个系列有多个别名，如侠盗飞车、侠盗猎车、横行霸道（港台）等。" ], [ "《侠盗猎车手》有哪些游戏平台？", @@ -5025,11 +5025,11 @@ { "instruction": "好的，谢谢你的解答。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！如果你还有其他问题或者需要帮助，随时告诉我，我会尽我所能为你解答和提供帮助。祝你愉快！", + "output": "不客气！如果你还有其他问题或者需要帮助，随时告诉我，我会尽我所能为你解答和提供帮助。祝你愉快！", "history": [ [ "可以但没必要\n可以但没必要，网络流行词，是常见的吹牛用语，比如说用“我可以当首富，但是没必要”，“我可以走上人生巅峰，但没必要”等等。把自己原本做不到的事都说成我可以，说完之后加个没必要，就感觉不是自己做不到而是自己不想要，吹牛技能满点。\n中文名\n可以但没必要\n外文名\nYes, but not necessary\n性 质\n网络流行词\n \n可以但没必要词语来源 \n关于该词最早的出处在哪，网上有两种说法，一种说法是该梗最早来自一个主播跟网友的互动，网友发弹幕说要是主播喝酒就刷礼物，主播则表示自己“可以喝，但是没必要”，由此引发了一系列的造句。另一种说法是出自LOL，在MSI的一场比赛中，麻辣香锅打完峡谷先锋却没捡，这时候弹幕纷纷刷起了“可以赢，没必要捡”“可以捡，但没必要”，让LOL圈的很多观众都认识到这个梗。\n可以但没必要引用示例 \n我：“这件衣服好好看。”钱包：“我觉得还好，一般，不怎么样。可以买，但没必要”\n\n你好，请问“可以但没必要”这个网络流行词是什么意思？", - "你好，Human! “可以但没必要”是一个网络流行词，它的精神实质是把本来做不到的事情说成自己可以做到，但又选择不去做。这样的说法给人一种不是不能做到，而是不愿意去做的感觉，因此常被用来吹牛。 比如：“我可以成为首富，但是没必要。” 这里实际上是在夸大自己的能力，实际上做不到。" + "“可以但没必要”是一个网络流行词，它的精神实质是把本来做不到的事情说成自己可以做到，但又选择不去做。这样的说法给人一种不是不能做到，而是不愿意去做的感觉，因此常被用来吹牛。 比如：“我可以成为首富，但是没必要。” 这里实际上是在夸大自己的能力，实际上做不到。" ], [ "这个词最早是从哪里来的呢？", @@ -5136,7 +5136,7 @@ "history": [ [ "杨凌\n杨凌，女，苗族，籍贯湖南凤凰，1972年11月出生，中共党员，1991年8月参加工作，省委党校在职研究生学历。现任湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州商务局局长。\n中文名\n杨凌\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n苗族\n籍 贯\n湖南凤凰\n出生日期\n1972年11月\n政治面貌\n中共党员\n性 别\n女\n \n杨凌人物履历 \n曾任花垣县委常委、县委组织部部长。湘西州委组织部党员教育中心主任。现任湖南省湘西自治州妇联党组书记、主席。\n2022年2月，湘西土家族苗族自治州商务局局长。\n中国共产党湘西土家族苗族自治州第十二届委员会候补委员\n杨凌职务任免 \n拟任州妇女联合会党组书记、主席。\n2022年2月28日，湘西土家族苗族自治州第十五届人民代表大会常务委员会第一次会议通过，决定任命：杨凌为州商务局局长。\n\n你好，请根据以上信息告诉我杨凌的基本情况。", - "你好，Human！杨凌是中国湖南省凤凰人，出生于1972年11月，她是苗族女性。杨凌有中共党员的政治面貌。她目前担任湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州商务局局长。她在1991年8月开始工作，具有省委党校在职研究生学历。" + "杨凌是中国湖南省凤凰人，出生于1972年11月，她是苗族女性。杨凌有中共党员的政治面貌。她目前担任湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州商务局局长。她在1991年8月开始工作，具有省委党校在职研究生学历。" ], [ "请告诉我杨凌过去担任过哪些职务？", @@ -5382,7 +5382,7 @@ "history": [ [ "冻死人\n《冻死人》是由陈耀川作曲，W.K.演唱的歌曲\n。\n中文名\n冻死人\n歌曲原唱\nW.K.\n谱 曲\n陈耀川\n歌曲语言\n国语\n 歌曲歌词大范围的风和雪啊 来的很迅速关上门窗添加衣物 还是不热乎多省市气温骤降 一降十几度亲友间嘘寒问暖 叮嘱别外出一样的冷 一样的苦多想不上班 又怕老板开除北风呼呼 雪花如注不管多少钱 我要打个出租手套围巾棉衣棉裤 形象全不顾要我说这天冷的简直冻死人大范围的风和雪啊 谁也扛不住北方供暖南方咋办 尤其是中部环卫工户外作业 手脚冻麻木如果你看到他们 请给与帮助一杯热水 一间小屋片刻的歇息 也能感到幸福天寒地冻 爱有温度未来还有梦 我们全力以赴一杯热水 一间小屋片刻的歇息 也能感到幸福天寒地冻 爱有温度未来还有梦 我们全力以赴手套围巾棉衣棉裤 形象全不顾要我说这天冷的简直冻死人手套围巾棉衣棉裤 形象全不顾要我说这天冷的简直冻死人\n\n请问你能告诉我《冻死人》这首歌的原唱，作曲家和歌词内容吗？", - "你好，Human。《冻死人》是一首由陈耀川作曲，W.K.演唱的国语歌曲。歌词大致描述了严寒天气给人们带来的困扰和身体上的不适，但也强调了温暖与关爱的重要性。以下是部分歌词：\n\n大范围的风和雪啊 来的很迅速\n关上门窗添加衣物 还是不热乎\n多省市气温骤降 一降十几度\n亲友间嘘寒问暖 叮嘱别外出\n一样的冷 一样的苦\n多想不上班 又怕老板开除\n北风呼呼 雪花如注\n不管多少钱 我要打个出租\n手套围巾棉衣棉裤 形象全不顾\n要我说这天冷的简直冻死人\n\n歌词提醒人们注意保暖，并在适当的时候给与他人帮助。希望这解答了你的问题。" + "《冻死人》是一首由陈耀川作曲，W.K.演唱的国语歌曲。歌词大致描述了严寒天气给人们带来的困扰和身体上的不适，但也强调了温暖与关爱的重要性。以下是部分歌词：\n\n大范围的风和雪啊 来的很迅速\n关上门窗添加衣物 还是不热乎\n多省市气温骤降 一降十几度\n亲友间嘘寒问暖 叮嘱别外出\n一样的冷 一样的苦\n多想不上班 又怕老板开除\n北风呼呼 雪花如注\n不管多少钱 我要打个出租\n手套围巾棉衣棉裤 形象全不顾\n要我说这天冷的简直冻死人\n\n歌词提醒人们注意保暖，并在适当的时候给与他人帮助。希望这解答了你的问题。" ], [ "谢谢。想请教一下，歌词里提到的“给与他人帮助”具体是如何体现的呢？", @@ -5663,7 +5663,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中国证券登记结算有限责任公司中国证监会是公司的主管部门\n中国证券登记结算有限责任公司（简称为“中国结算”、“CSDC”\n），是依据《中华人民共和国证券法》和《中华人民共和国公司法》组建，为证券交易提供集中登记、存管与结算服务，不以盈利为目的的法人。公司总资本为人民币12亿元，上海、深圳证券交易所是公司的两个股东，各持50%的股份。公司总部设在北京，下设上海、深圳、北京三个分公司。中国证监会是公司的主管部门。\n公司名称\n中国证券登记结算有限责任公司\n外文名\nChina Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited\n所属行业\n资本市场服务\n法定代表人\n于文强\n总部地点\n北京市西城区\n经营范围\n证券帐户和结算帐户的设立和管理；证券登记与过户等\n公司类型\n有限责任公司\n \n同义词\n中国证券登记结算有限公司（中国证券登记结算有限公司）一般指中国证券登记结算有限责任公司\n \n中国证券登记结算有限责任公司基本信息 \n中国证券登记结算有限责任公司(China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited,CSDC)中国证券登记结算有限责任公司的主管部门是中国证监会。\n中国证券登记结算有限责任公司历史沿革 \n2001年3月30日，按照《证券法》关于证券登记结算集中统一运营的要求，经国务院同意，中国证监会批准，中国证券登记结算有限责任公司组建成立。同年9月，中国证券登记结算有限责任公司在上海、深圳的分公司正式成立。从2001年10月1日起，中国证券登记结算有限责任公司承接了原来隶属于上海和深圳证券交易所的全部登记结算业务，标志着全国集中统一的证券登记结算体制的组织架构基本形成。\n中国证券登记结算公司\n2001年2月20日中国证券登记结算有限责任公司创立大会在北京召开。2000年11月2日中国证券登记结算有限责任公司筹备组成立。组织结构\n中国证券登记结算有限责任公司管理团队\n\n请问中国证券登记结算有限责任公司是做什么的？", - "你好，Human！中国证券登记结算有限责任公司（简称“中国结算”或“CSDC”）是一家为证券交易提供集中登记、存管与结算服务的法人。它是依据《中华人民共和国证券法》和《中华人民共和国公司法》组建的，不以盈利为目的。这样的服务保证了证券市场的顺畅运行，为投资者和机构提供了安全、高效的交易环境。" + "中国证券登记结算有限责任公司（简称“中国结算”或“CSDC”）是一家为证券交易提供集中登记、存管与结算服务的法人。它是依据《中华人民共和国证券法》和《中华人民共和国公司法》组建的，不以盈利为目的。这样的服务保证了证券市场的顺畅运行，为投资者和机构提供了安全、高效的交易环境。" ], [ "它的主管部门是谁？", @@ -6376,7 +6376,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奔驰AMG戴姆勒梅赛德斯奔驰旗下高性能跑车品牌\n梅赛德斯-AMG是梅赛德斯-奔驰的一个高性能子品牌，在高性能车的研发上，90年代AMG推出的经典作品包括了C 36 AMG、E 50 AMG、C 43 AMG以及1997年以后的奔驰各个版本的“55”系列。其中C 36 AMG是奔驰在1993年与AMG合作诞生的第一款车，C 36 AMG搭载3.6L发动机，最大功率280马力。这款车型在当时引起了很多人的关注。而在1996年，C 36 AMG成为F1方程式大奖赛官方安全车。奔驰AMG历史起始于1967年。两位德国人Aufrecht和Melcher在Grosaspach小镇上开始了他们的改装事业，AMG正是来源于三者名称的首字母。Aufrecht先生曾在戴姆勒-奔驰车厂任引擎测试工作，对于奔驰的动力系统了如指掌。1971年，比利时SPA 24小时耐力赛上，AMG以一台300SEL 6.9 AMG赛车拿到了全场第二，公司名声由此打响。1978年，代号R107的旗舰跑车被AMG开发为欧洲房车赛的战车，尽管成绩没有到达最高的领奖台，也处在领先水平。1980年，450SLC在纽伯格林赛道获得首场冠军，成为了AMG赛道史上的一块丰碑。\n中文名\n梅赛德斯-AMG\n外文名\nMercedes-AMG\n起始于\n1967年\n创始人\nAufrecht和Melche\n创始地\n德国\n定 义\n性能车跑车制造商\n汽车型号\nA 45 AMG、B 45 AMG、CLA45S AMG、C 63 AMG等\n \n奔驰AMGAMG车型参数\n\n你好，请问奔驰AMG是什么？", - "你好，Human！奔驰AMG（梅赛德斯-AMG）是梅赛德斯-奔驰的一个高性能子品牌。它于1967年由Aufrecht和Melcher在德国创立，最初的目标是改装和研发高性能汽车。AMG的名字来源于两位创始人及他们的故乡Grosaspach小镇的首字母。奔驰AMG的汽车以强大的性能和豪华的配置而闻名，涉及多种类型的车辆，如A 45 AMG、B 45 AMG、CLA45S AMG、C 63 AMG等。" + "奔驰AMG（梅赛德斯-AMG）是梅赛德斯-奔驰的一个高性能子品牌。它于1967年由Aufrecht和Melcher在德国创立，最初的目标是改装和研发高性能汽车。AMG的名字来源于两位创始人及他们的故乡Grosaspach小镇的首字母。奔驰AMG的汽车以强大的性能和豪华的配置而闻名，涉及多种类型的车辆，如A 45 AMG、B 45 AMG、CLA45S AMG、C 63 AMG等。" ], [ "梅赛德斯-AMG有什么经典车型？", @@ -7014,7 +7014,7 @@ "history": [ [ "越王勾践2007年陈宝国主演电视剧\n中文名\n越王勾践\n外文名\n英文名：The Rebirth of a king ，日文名：燃ゆる呉越\n类 型\n古装、历史\n出品公司\n中央电视台中国电视剧制作中心\n制片地区\n中国大陆\n拍摄地点\n浙江横店、绍兴、新昌、永康、温岭、仙居、龙游、嵊州、安吉\n首播时间\n2007年5月10日\n导 演\n黄健中、元彬、延艺\n编 剧\n张敬\n制片人\n李功达\n主 演\n陈宝国、鲍国安、尤勇、李光洁\n集 数\n41 集\n出品时间\n2007年\n大陆首播\n北京电视台文艺频道\n香港首播\n2006年11月27日（无线剧集台）\n \n基本信息\n越王勾践剧情简介 \n \n《越王勾践》海报(3张)\n 春秋末年，吴国和越国因战争结下仇怨。吴王夫差为父报仇，在伍子胥的辅佐下日夜勤兵。得意之时的勾践铸成“王者之剑”，欲灭吴国而后快。不想，夫差已攻进“剑庐”，伍子胥领兵已渡过大江。勾践大败。大兵压境，越国危在旦夕，范蠡提出降吴的主张。为保留一线复国的机会，勾践接受了范蠡的意见，降吴为奴。勾践从此为吴王养马、拉车，为了复国的大志受尽屈辱。苟且偷生中，默默等待着。伍子胥认为不杀勾践必留后患，夫差却不以为然，一个亡国的奴隶，是翻不起什么大浪来的。太宰伯噽向夫差荐上越女西施。在伯噽府，夫差见到了美丽绝伦的西施，为她的美貌所倾倒。 \n《越王勾践》剧照(22张)\n 伍子胥劝说吴王，切不可相信勾践。但勾践的谨慎行事，使得吴王渐渐地放松了警惕，伍子胥的所有谏言也被他当作耳旁之风。勾践和范蠡在暗中逐渐得到了转机，并被夫差准予回越国。回国后勾践仍然谨慎从事，一点一滴地积蓄力量，休养生息。伍子胥一再阻拦意欲北进做霸主的吴王，最终却被夫差赐死。吴国实力顿时削弱。勾践终于得到了机会，举兵复国。姑苏破城之日，勾践率大军在伍子胥自刎之地向其致敬。败于勾践之手的夫差也拔剑自刎。越王勾践，终于历经十数年的卧薪尝胆、韬光养晦、励精图治，实现了复国的宏愿。\n越王勾践分集剧情 \n1-5\n6-10\n11-15\n16-20\n21-25\n26-30\n31-35\n36-40\n第1集\n\n请问2007年陈宝国主演的电视剧《越王勾践》是哪个导演执导的？", - "你好，Human！2007年陈宝国主演的电视剧《越王勾践》共有三位导演执导，他们是黄健中、元彬和延艺。这部历史古装剧的拍摄团队实力雄厚，所以呈现出了高质量的作品。" + "2007年陈宝国主演的电视剧《越王勾践》共有三位导演执导，他们是黄健中、元彬和延艺。这部历史古装剧的拍摄团队实力雄厚，所以呈现出了高质量的作品。" ], [ "这部剧的制作公司和制片人是谁？", @@ -7947,7 +7947,7 @@ "history": [ [ "缓冲区\n缓冲区是地理空间目标的一种影响范围或服务范围，具体指在点、线、面实体的周围，自动建立的一定宽度的多边，数学表达为：Bi=(x:d(xi,Oi)≤R)。\n中文名\n缓冲区\n概 述\n地理空间一种影响范围或服务范围\n数学表达\nBi=(x:d(xi,Oi)≤R)\nF1缓冲区\n高速弯道设置\n \n缓冲区形态表达 \n缓冲区形态有很多种，如点对象有三角形、矩形和菱形，对于线对象有双侧对称、双侧不对称或单侧缓冲区，对于面对象有内侧和外侧缓冲区。适合于不同应用。数学表达：Bi=(x:d(xi,Oi)≤R)?即对象Oi的半径为R的缓冲区，为距Oi的距离d小于R的全部点的集合。d一般是最小欧氏距离，但也可是其他定义的距离。\n缓冲区相关信息 \n缓冲区军事缓冲区\n缓冲区又称中立区、中立地带等，指的是两地的交界处因为战争或其他因素，而划定出的带状地区，是在国与国之间设定的军事缓冲地带,，此带状地区并不完全属于两方之中的一方，通常由两方共管或是由第三方协助管理。它只允许少量的只能执行边防巡逻等任务的有限的军事力量的进入,这块区域所部署的军队不能对他国造成威胁。在洲际导弹射程越来越远以及空权、天权时代崛起下，当今缓冲区的重要意义已经远远小于陆权时代和出海口。\n缓冲区F1中的缓冲区\n主要在高速弯道设置，它需要在不让赛车翻车的情况下，尽量将速度降下来，所以沙石缓冲区越宽越好，由于沙石降低了赛车的速度，因此也降低了赛车撞击轮胎墙的能量。而沥青缓冲区则旨在保留车手对赛车更多的控制能力。\n缓冲区计算机中的缓冲区\n缓冲器为暂时置放输出或输入资料的内存。缓冲器内资料自储存设备（如硬盘）来，放置在缓冲器中，须待机送至CPU或其他运算设备。缓冲区(buffer)这个中文译意源自当计算机的高速部件与低速部件通讯时,必须将高速部件的输出暂存到某处,以保证高速部件与低速部件相吻合. 后来这个意思被扩展了,成为\"临时存贮区\"的意思。\n\n请问缓冲区是什么？", - "你好，Human！缓冲区是地理空间目标的一种影响范围或服务范围，通常指在点、线、面实体的周围，自动建立的一定宽度的多边。数学表达为：Bi=(x:d(xi,Oi)≤R)，即对象Oi的半径为R的缓冲区，为距Oi的距离d小于R的全部点的集合。d一般是最小欧氏距离，但也可以是其他定义的距离。" + "缓冲区是地理空间目标的一种影响范围或服务范围，通常指在点、线、面实体的周围，自动建立的一定宽度的多边。数学表达为：Bi=(x:d(xi,Oi)≤R)，即对象Oi的半径为R的缓冲区，为距Oi的距离d小于R的全部点的集合。d一般是最小欧氏距离，但也可以是其他定义的距离。" ], [ "缓冲区的形态有哪些？", @@ -8842,7 +8842,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瑞士航空公司\n瑞士航空公司（Swiss International Air Lines)）是星空联盟成员之一，是瑞士航空运输企业，总公司设立在苏黎世，多年被评鉴为世界上最佳的航空公司之一。\n中文名\n瑞士航空公司\n外文名\nSwiss International Air Lines\nIATA代码\nLX\nICAO代码\nSWR\n呼 号\nSwissair\n类 型\n航空公司\n \n同义词\n瑞士国际航空一般指瑞士航空公司\n \n瑞士航空公司基本信息\n\n请问瑞士航空公司是属于哪个航空联盟的？", - "你好，Human！瑞士航空公司（Swiss International Air Lines）是星空联盟（Star Alliance）成员之一。星空联盟是全球最大的航空联盟，有很多知名航空公司加盟。瑞士航空公司作为瑞士的航空运输企业，总公司设立在苏黎世，多年来一直被评为世界最佳航空公司之一。" + "瑞士航空公司（Swiss International Air Lines）是星空联盟（Star Alliance）成员之一。星空联盟是全球最大的航空联盟，有很多知名航空公司加盟。瑞士航空公司作为瑞士的航空运输企业，总公司设立在苏黎世，多年来一直被评为世界最佳航空公司之一。" ], [ "感谢回答！那么请问瑞士航空公司的IATA代码和ICAO代码分别是什么？", @@ -8926,7 +8926,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国土\n《国土》是于文华演唱的歌曲，刘世新作词，尹铁良作曲。\n中文名\n国土\n所属专辑\n不要惦记家\n发行时间\n2004年01月\n演唱者\n于文华\n \n国土基本信息 \n所属专辑：不要惦记家\n国土歌词内容 \n祖先把它开拓出来交给了你和我谁能说清她到底蕴生了多少歌秦时明月汉时光多少人都在唱铁马金戈撞击出一统的山河东瀛茫茫碧海西域苍苍大漠北疆皑皑雪原南国茫茫渔火一个浩浩中华聚成了七星北斗多少情多少爱都属于这个星座一个浩浩中华聚成了七星北斗多少情多少爱都属于这个星座祖先把它耕耘出来交给了你和我谁能数清它到底经历了几多坎坷李杜风骨稼轩词后来人仍在唱古国春秋述说着执着的跋涉一道万里长城两条不朽江河五脉巍峨山岳八方连天湖泊一个浩浩中华筑成了金鸡版图多大风多大雨都无法将它分割一个浩浩中华筑成了金鸡版图多大风多大雨都无法将它分割国土生浩歌国土壮魂魄国土上有母爱它拥抱着你和我国土生浩歌国土壮魂魄国土上有母爱它拥抱着你和我拥抱着你和我\n\n请问《国土》这首歌的歌手和词曲作者分别是谁？", - "你好，Human！《国土》这首歌的歌手是于文华。歌词作者是刘世新，而作曲则由尹铁良完成。这首歌传唱了关于祖国大地的故事和情感，展现了中华民族的坚韧不拔精神。" + "《国土》这首歌的歌手是于文华。歌词作者是刘世新，而作曲则由尹铁良完成。这首歌传唱了关于祖国大地的故事和情感，展现了中华民族的坚韧不拔精神。" ], [ "这首歌曲所属的专辑叫什么？发行时间是什么时候？", @@ -8976,7 +8976,7 @@ "history": [ [ "全国爱牙日\n全国牙病防治指导组和顾问组专家们的共同努力下，1989年由国家卫生部、全国爱卫会、国家教委、文化部、广电部、全国总工会、全国妇联、共青团中央、全国老龄委九个部委联合签署，确定每年9月20日为“全国爱牙日”。其宗旨是通过“全国爱牙日”活动，动员社会各界力量参与支持口腔预防保健工作，广泛开展群众性口腔卫生知识的普及教育，增强自我口腔保健的意识和能力，提高全国人民口腔健康水平。\n中文名\n全国爱牙日\n外文名\nChinese Teeth Care Day\n别 名\n国际爱牙日\n节日时间\n每年的9月20日\n节日类型\n国际节日\n节日起源\n机构设定\n节日意义\n健康口腔，幸福家庭\n设定地点\n北京\n设立机构\n卫生部、教委等\n设定时间\n1989年\n \n同义词\n爱牙日一般指全国爱牙日\n \n全国爱牙日设立宗旨 \n爱牙日的宗旨是通过爱牙日活动，广泛动员社会的力量，在群众中进行牙病预防。齿的知识的普及教育，增强口腔健康观念和自我口腔保健的意识，建立口腔保健行为，从而提高全民族的口腔健康水平。中国的龋病、牙周病患者众多，而口腔保健的人力、物力、财力十分有限，因此，解决牙病问题的根本出路在于预防。建立爱牙日是加强口腔预防工作，落实预防为主方针的重要举措。\n全国爱牙日设立背景 \n龋病、牙周疾病是损害中国人民群众口腔健康的常见病、多发病，更是危害儿童青少年健康和生长发育最常见的口腔疾病。据调查，中国约有6-7亿的人患有不同程度的牙病，其中以患龋病为最多，人均有2只龋齿以上，全国约有20多亿只龋齿；牙周疾病患病率高达80%。又据1982年全国中小学生龋齿与牙周疾病调查数据显示：（1）、7-9岁乳牙患龋率城市为79.60%，农村为85.50%乳牙龋均城市为3.8只，农村为2.7只。（2）、7岁恒牙患龋率达21%。（3）、12岁恒牙龋患率城市为45.90%，农村为31.60%，恒牙龋均城市为1.04只，农村为0.65只。（4）、17岁恒牙患龋率为41.00.%。（5）、15岁牙龈炎患病率70-90%。（6）、15岁牙石检出率50-90%。（7）、小学生刷牙率城市为50-90%，农村不足10%。（8）、学生口腔卫生不良率城市为65-85%，农村为 70-90%。\n全国爱牙日历年主题\n\n请问什么是全国爱牙日？", - "你好，Human! 全国爱牙日是一个国际性节日，设立于1989年，每年的9月20日。它是在全国牙病防治指导组和顾问组专家们的共同努力下，由国家卫生部、全国爱卫会、国家教委、文化部、广电部、全国总工会、全国妇联、共青团中央、全国老龄委九个部委联合签署确立的。全国爱牙日的宗旨是通过各种活动，动员社会各界力量参与支持口腔预防保健工作，广泛开展群众性口腔卫生知识的普及教育，以增强人们自我口腔保健的意识和能力，从而提高全国人民口腔健康水平。" + "全国爱牙日是一个国际性节日，设立于1989年，每年的9月20日。它是在全国牙病防治指导组和顾问组专家们的共同努力下，由国家卫生部、全国爱卫会、国家教委、文化部、广电部、全国总工会、全国妇联、共青团中央、全国老龄委九个部委联合签署确立的。全国爱牙日的宗旨是通过各种活动，动员社会各界力量参与支持口腔预防保健工作，广泛开展群众性口腔卫生知识的普及教育，以增强人们自我口腔保健的意识和能力，从而提高全国人民口腔健康水平。" ], [ "为什么中国选择9月20日作为全国爱牙日呢？", @@ -9778,7 +9778,7 @@ "history": [ [ "渠道专员\n渠道专员是公司市场营销中的一个职位角色， 简单说一般是指帮助公司在不同的产品推广时期建立相应的销售和代理渠道。渠道专员就需要去指定的区域，寻找和自己公司产品有关联的一些行业代理公司，建立这样的沟通和代理关系，渠道专员一般指的就是代理商或大型直接客户的联络员，广义上也属于销售的一类。\n中文名\n渠道专员\n外文名\nChannel specialist\n职 责\n负责销售或代理的渠道\n相似工作\n销售，或者代理。\n \n渠道专员工作内容 \n渠道专员的工作内容因企业的不同而有所差别，但大同小异，渠道专员的主要工作职责就是对公司所要销售产品的销售渠道的开发以及新老客户关系网络的维护。具体如下：1，对所需要开发市场同类产品的市场调研：如品牌、价格、包装等，作出分析对比并拟写市场报告。2，对公司所销售产品与同类产品的质量、价位、包装等进行对比，并制定合理的进入市场价格。3，进行市场开发，寻找销售渠道：代理、加盟、代销等。4，对客户的订单进行及时的发货，收款。5，对客户的维护与定期拜访及售后服务及咨询工作。6，对销售的情况作出总结并分析改进的原因，实施。7，库存的盘点及产品 增减的建议。8，相关周月报表整理提交等。9，对所管理区域的经销商提供活动营销方案及支持。\n渠道专员岗位职责 \n1、参与制定渠道开发、选择、管理总体方案，并在批准后实施2、寻找并管理渠道合作者3、新渠道开发4、行业推广渠道发展趋势分析5、审查渠道合作者的资格6、渠道合作者的联络、考评、筛选、淘汰和更新工作7、负责对渠道合作者提供持续支持8、执行渠道合作者的培训、售前协助、售后客户服务和技术支持等9、配合执行渠道开发成本分析和控制方案10、渠道管理策略持续改进11、完成领导临时交办的其他任务\n渠道专员渠道特征\n\n你好，请问渠道专员是做什么工作的？", - "你好，Human！渠道专员是负责开发和维护公司产品销售与代理渠道的职位。他们的主要职责包括市场调研、制定市场价格、销售渠道的开发与客户关系维护，以及售后服务、库存盘点和销售报告等方面的工作。该职位考虑到公司产品与市场竞争环境，寻找潜在的代理商或大型直接客户，以求拓展销售范围。" + "渠道专员是负责开发和维护公司产品销售与代理渠道的职位。他们的主要职责包括市场调研、制定市场价格、销售渠道的开发与客户关系维护，以及售后服务、库存盘点和销售报告等方面的工作。该职位考虑到公司产品与市场竞争环境，寻找潜在的代理商或大型直接客户，以求拓展销售范围。" ], [ "渠道专员需要具备哪些技能和素质？", @@ -10105,7 +10105,7 @@ "history": [ [ "星座石\n《星座石》是在起点中文网上连载的一部幻幻想小说，作者是XS星邃。\n中文名\n星座石\n作 者\nXS星邃\n小说进度\n连载\n连载网站\n起点中文网\n \n星座石小说类型 \n科幻幻想\n星座石内容简介 \n内容简介 星座石,以消耗存在感为代价,获得干涉时空的能力。 ——据说,星座石是宇宙的终极存在。 ——据说,星座石是能秒杀一切的存在。 ——据说,星座石是恶魔的礼物。 ——据说,获得星座石将没有后代。 ——据说,拥有星座石将被人遗忘。 传说,星座石存在一个秘密...在一个流星雨的夜晚,星座石遇上了一个叫影儿的少女...—— 声明:这个故事描述的是森下家二妹和星座石的平凡故事,请不要过于期待。 还有,请保持房间的明亮,并且和显示屏保持安全距离观看。 以上,完毕……\n\n你好，请问《星座石》是一部什么类型的小说？", - "你好，Human，《星座石》是一部科幻幻想类的小说。这类小说通常混合了科幻和奇幻元素，为读者呈现出一个充满想象力和创意的世界。" + "《星座石》是一部科幻幻想类的小说。这类小说通常混合了科幻和奇幻元素，为读者呈现出一个充满想象力和创意的世界。" ], [ "能告诉我这部小说的主要内容吗？", @@ -10653,7 +10653,7 @@ "history": [ [ "独墅湖影剧院\n苏州独墅湖影剧院位于高教区中部以体育、休闲、娱乐、商务、办公为主的核心地块（星湖街西侧，高教区体育馆南侧），占地面积总建13300平方米，筑面积1万多平方米，主体结构三层。\n中文名\n独墅湖影剧院\n占地面积\n13300 m²\n主体结构\n三层\n影剧场\n1137座\n \n独墅湖影剧院剧院介绍 \n影剧院设有1137座的影剧场，117座的中电影厅及76座的小电影厅各一个，同时设有贵宾休息室、化妆间等配套功能，室内外停车位100余个。其中1137座的影剧场拥有16×20m的舞台，配备适合专业演出的灯光、音响系统及适合演讲、对话的会议系统，是大、中型会议和演出的最佳承办场所。影剧院加入了全国最大的上海联和院线。在影片排映方面，获得了优秀电影的首轮放映权，观众可以以最优惠的价格，最方便快捷的交通，获得最新最完美的视觉享受。此外，影剧院还将举办电影首映式、专题影展、学生活动、艺术培训等，将影剧院打造成为高教区乃至整个苏州地区重要的文化艺术基地。\n独墅湖影剧院大厅 \n大厅舞台，台口宽15米、高8.5米，主舞台宽31米， 净空高度20米，总进深19.6米，可供各种大型表演及演出。大剧院的布景吊杆含电动吊杆27台，长度：22M 行程：20M 净载荷：500kg。电动吊杆全部采用电脑控制，在演出时可按预先编排的程序自动运行，速度为0.4M/S。安装了最先进的舞台内通系统，用于演出时各部门的联系，沟通，以及舞台调度。大厅的灯光系统配置，各种功率型号的聚光灯150余个，散光灯40多个，追光灯2个，回光灯80余个，另配有换色器，内含180余个聚光散光回光灯。所有灯光采用目前最先进的以太网管理技术，选用大型计算机灯光调控台，可由单独的灯光控制室控制。大厅的音响系统采用美国EAW公司的主扩声系统，舞台返送系统，数十台瑞典LAB.GRUPPEN的专业功放，采用数字音频处理器，使用时只需按一下按键即可完成。大厅拥有超大可自动调节的，最大可达12m*6m的巨幅银幕，5.1声道数字立体声，SR.D还音系统等顶级的数字环绕音响，令你在极富立体感的电影空间里实现精彩的人生梦想。大厅拥有会议专用的灯光和音响系统，1100个超多座位，配有先进的SANYO PLC-XF4500高亮度投影机，LCD投影技术，座位带有会议专用可收放的小桌板。\n独墅湖影剧院中小厅\n\n请问独墅湖影剧院的具体位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human！独墅湖影剧院位于苏州高教区中部的核心地块，具体位置在星湖街西侧，高教区体育馆南侧。这里主要集中了体育、休闲、娱乐、商务和办公设施，是一个繁华的区域。" + "独墅湖影剧院位于苏州高教区中部的核心地块，具体位置在星湖街西侧，高教区体育馆南侧。这里主要集中了体育、休闲、娱乐、商务和办公设施，是一个繁华的区域。" ], [ "多谢！那独墅湖影剧院主要设有哪些场馆，可以容纳多少观众呢？", @@ -10821,7 +10821,7 @@ "history": [ [ "华尔街纽约市曼哈顿区街道\n华尔街（Wall Street），纽约市曼哈顿区南部从百老汇路延伸到东河的一条大街道。全长仅三分之一英里，宽仅为11米。街道狭窄而短，从百老汇到东河仅有7个街段，却以“美国的金融中心”闻名于世。美国罗斯柴尔德财团、摩根财团、洛克菲勒石油大王、高盛集团和杜邦财团等开设的银行、保险、航运、铁路等公司的经理处集中于此。著名的纽约证券交易所也在这里，至今仍是几个主要交易所的总部：如纳斯达克、美国证券交易所、纽约期货交易所等。“华尔街”一词现已超越这条街道本身，成为附近区域的代称，亦可指对整个世界经济具有影响力的金融市场和金融机构。\n中文名\n华尔街\n外文名\nWall Street\n地理位置\n纽约曼哈顿\n长 度\n500 m\n宽 度\n11 m\n成 就\n美国的金融中心\n最佳游玩季节\n全年皆宜\n建议游玩时长\n1小时\n \n同义词\n美国华尔街一般指华尔街（纽约市曼哈顿区街道）\n \n华尔街历史追溯 \n华尔街的童年期是从1653年到19世纪末，纽约早期的迅速发展和金融业在纽约的兴起，与荷兰人的商业精神有相当大的关系。尽管资本主义的早期萌芽是从文艺复兴时期的意大利开始，但真正意义上的资本主义，是到了17世纪中叶在荷兰逐渐完善的。当时荷兰形成了一套非常完整的金融体系，包括银行、股票交易所、信用、保险、有限责任公司等，金融体系的发展催生了荷兰经济起飞，使得这面积很小的欧洲国家，一度成为世界上最强国家之一。当荷兰人移民到北美，将资本主义的商业精神带到了新阿姆斯特丹。 \n华尔街(5张)\n 1664年，新阿姆斯特丹被英国人攻陷，这个城市又从荷兰人手里转到英国人手里，并被命名为新约克郡(New York,简称纽约)，以献给当时的英国国王查理二世的弟弟和继承人，约克公爵（Duke of York）。\n华尔街现状发展\n\n我想了解一下华尔街的地理位置和长度。", - "您好，Human！华尔街位于美国纽约市的曼哈顿区，是一条东西走向的街道。它从百老汇路延伸至东河，全长约为500米（约合三分之一英里）。因为地处曼哈顿区南部，所以华尔街周围的区域也常被统称为华尔街。希望这些信息能帮助您了解华尔街的地理位置和长度。" + "华尔街位于美国纽约市的曼哈顿区，是一条东西走向的街道。它从百老汇路延伸至东河，全长约为500米（约合三分之一英里）。因为地处曼哈顿区南部，所以华尔街周围的区域也常被统称为华尔街。希望这些信息能帮助您了解华尔街的地理位置和长度。" ], [ "华尔街上有哪些著名的金融机构？", @@ -10863,7 +10863,7 @@ "history": [ [ "启程黄子韬演唱的歌曲\n《启程》是黄子韬演唱的歌曲，由黄子韬、Mina作词，黄子韬作曲，收录于2021年12月31日发行的同名专辑《启程》中。\n中文名\n启程\n所属专辑\n启程\n歌曲原唱\n黄子韬\n填 词\n黄子韬、Mina\n谱 曲\n黄子韬\n编 曲\nEliot Lee\n发行日期\n2021年12月31日\n制作人\n黄子韬、Eliot Lee\n录 音\nvvei\n混 音\nEliot Lee\n母 带\nEliot Lee\n出 品\n上海黄子韬音乐工作室\n发 行\n上海黄子韬音乐工作室\n 歌曲歌词漫天洁白在你和我的之间滑落向未来全新的目标启程因为那些会触手可及的梦再次澎湃一定是冰天雪地的问候也阻挡不了内心的炙热准备就绪只为此刻日复一日不断向前奔跑展现自己时刻已经来到只希望成为你们的骄傲勇敢向前伸手追寻目标I'm running running 自由自在一起创造闪耀发着光的未来不负众人所望迎接所有挑战直到最后这一秒感受心跳双眼中的光再闪耀皑皑中的那抹金色的荣耀Hands up把奖杯举高一起hands up国旗上升扬起的时刻享受齐唱过后的余音缭绕数不清一滴两滴泪水一分两分的积累千百倍付出的最终化作 千百倍的答复数不清一次两次后退从未放弃不气馁成功的结晶不断挥洒着青春无悔再次澎湃一定是冰天雪地的问候也阻挡不了内心的炙热准备就绪只为此刻安静等待发号施令打响枪的一刻心中无数次的演练终将呈现会在白雪纷飞中上演跳跃就像漫天的烟火盛开的好像花朵热情的照亮冬夜速度加倍张开双手是高手如云的舞台目睹一绝较量的精彩当划过冰面上的温度雪落下的秒速相约在这个城市直到这个冬季落幕Yeah我们完美动作ending是万众瞩目感受心跳双眼中的光再闪耀皑皑中的那抹金色的荣耀Hands up把奖杯举高一起hands up国旗上升扬起的时刻享受齐唱过后的余音缭绕数不清一滴两滴泪水一分两分的积累千百倍付出的最终化作 千百倍的答复数不清一次两次后退从未放弃不气馁成功的结晶不断挥洒着青春无悔\n\n你好，请问《启程》是谁演唱的？", - "你好，Human！《启程》是黄子韬演唱的一首歌曲。他同时也担任了这首歌的词曲创作人。这首歌收录在2021年12月31日发行的同名专辑《启程》中。" + "《启程》是黄子韬演唱的一首歌曲。他同时也担任了这首歌的词曲创作人。这首歌收录在2021年12月31日发行的同名专辑《启程》中。" ], [ "这首歌的填词人和谱曲人都是谁？", @@ -11644,7 +11644,7 @@ "history": [ [ "决战！平安京网易公司研发的竞技对战MOBA手游\n《决战！平安京》\n是由网易研发的《阴阳师》IP公平竞技对战MOBA手游，于2018年1月12日开启全平台开放性测试。\n游戏讲述了黑晴明率领阴界式神们与晴明率领式神们在平安京为自己的信念展开决战的故事，玩家可通过扮演式神来参与这场决战。\n中文名\n决战！平安京\n原版名称\n代号MOBA\n别 名\n代号MOBA\n游戏类型\n竞技对战MOBA手游\n原作品\n阴阳师\n游戏平台\niOS/Android\n所属系列\n《阴阳师》\n地 区\n中国\n开发商\n杭州网易雷火科技有限公司\n发行公司\n网易游戏\n发行日期\n2018年1月12日(公测)\n主要配音\n前野智昭、福山润、立花慎之介、夏磊、沈磊、边江\n内容主题\nMOBA\n玩家人数\n多人\n游戏画面\n细腻唯美的和风画面\n游戏分级\n12+(CADPA)\n发行阶段\n正式版\n主要角色\n大天狗、茨木童子、妖刀姬等\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n决战！平安京背景设定 \n平安时代，世界分为阳面和阴面，阳面的世界为阳界，反面为阴界。阳界是人类生活的现实世界的阳面，其间具有特殊能力的人类可以研习阴阳术、打开阴阳之眼，看到世界的阴面，这类人就是阴阳师。阴阳两界都有妖怪，阴阳师通过与妖怪签订契约将其收复成为式神，通过法术和式神的帮助干预阴阳两界之事，维持阴阳平衡。安倍晴明就是阴阳师的代表，他为了保持自身的正义力量不被内心深处的邪念所污染，使用秘术将其中一部分意识分离出去，由此形成了白晴明与黑晴明两个人。黑晴明深知处于阴界的妖怪的无助悲伤以及人类的傲慢对他们的不公正待遇，在八岐大蛇的蛊惑下他希望打开阴界的大门，让阴界的妖怪们能够重返并现世阳界。晴明不愿看到现世阳界因为阴界大门开启破坏阴阳平衡，导致生灵涂炭。于是由晴明率领的式神们和黑晴明率领的阴界式神们在平安京为了自己的信念展开了最后的决战。\n决战！平安京角色设定 \n《决战！平安京》拥有数十位式神，定期也会推出新的式神，式神定位可分为巫、侍、忍、射、守、祝六种，不同的式神拥有不同的属性和技能。每个式神都有多个主动攻击技能和被动技能，在游戏中，玩家可以使用周免式神、已经购买或通过契约召唤的式神参加战斗。\n在式神选择界面，玩家选择自己喜欢的式神进行对战，队友已选择的式神无法进行选择。\n2022年4月15日维护更新后，鸩全新赏金特典皮肤「竹鸢风鸣」即将登场。\n\n请问《决战！平安京》是一个什么样的游戏？", - "你好，Human！《决战！平安京》是一款由杭州网易雷火科技有限公司研发、网易游戏发行的竞技对战MOBA手游。它基于《阴阳师》IP，为玩家提供了一个公平的竞技环境。游戏的故事背景设定在平安时代，描述了黑晴明率领阴界式神与晴明率领阳界式神为了信念展开决战的场景。玩家可以扮演数十位不同类型的式神加入战斗，游戏画面以细腻唯美的和风风格为主。" + "《决战！平安京》是一款由杭州网易雷火科技有限公司研发、网易游戏发行的竞技对战MOBA手游。它基于《阴阳师》IP，为玩家提供了一个公平的竞技环境。游戏的故事背景设定在平安时代，描述了黑晴明率领阴界式神与晴明率领阳界式神为了信念展开决战的场景。玩家可以扮演数十位不同类型的式神加入战斗，游戏画面以细腻唯美的和风风格为主。" ], [ "那么游戏的主要玩法是什么？", @@ -11690,7 +11690,7 @@ "history": [ [ "制动\n制动是一个汉语词汇，拼音是zhì dòng，俗称“刹车”。指使运行中的机车、车辆及其他运输工具或机械等停止或减低速度的动作。制动的一般原理是在机器的高速轴上固定一个轮或盘，在机座上安装与之相适应的闸瓦、带或盘，在外力作用下使之产生制动力矩。\n中文名\n制动\n外文名\nbraking\n俗 称\n“刹车”\n作 用\n减低速度\n原 理\n产生制动力\n \n制动方式 \n制动方式有油压（轿车脚刹）；机械（手刹）；气压及真空助力气压（货车脚刹）；弹簧储能（大型货车脚刹手刹）；排气辅助制动（大型柴油机车）；发动机怠速辅助制动（操作）；电磁涡轮缓速器（大型客车）。\n制动常见的刹车装置 \n制动鼓式刹车\n在车轮毂里面装设二个半圆型的刹车片，利用“杠杆原理”推动刹车片使刹车片与轮鼓内面接触而发生摩擦。简单的说，鼓式刹车就是利用刹车鼓内静止的刹车片，去摩擦随着车轮转动的刹车鼓，以产生摩擦力使车轮转动速度降低的刹车装置。在踩下刹车踏板时，脚的施力会使刹车总泵内的活塞将刹车油往前推去并在油路中产生压力。压力经由刹车油传送到每个车轮的刹车分泵活塞，刹车分泵的活塞再推动刹车片向外，使刹车片与刹车鼓的内面发生摩擦，并产生足够的摩擦力去降低车轮的转速，以达到刹车的目的\n\n我想了解一下制动这个概念，能简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。制动，俗称“刹车”，是指使运行中的机车、车辆及其他运输工具或机械等停止或减低速度的动作。制动的一般原理是在机器的高速轴上固定一个轮或盘，在机座上安装与之相适应的闸瓦、带或盘，在外力作用下使之产生制动力矩。" + "当然可以。制动，俗称“刹车”，是指使运行中的机车、车辆及其他运输工具或机械等停止或减低速度的动作。制动的一般原理是在机器的高速轴上固定一个轮或盘，在机座上安装与之相适应的闸瓦、带或盘，在外力作用下使之产生制动力矩。" ], [ "我了解了，那么制动方式有哪些呢？", @@ -12006,7 +12006,7 @@ "history": [ [ "计算机应用基础2016年人民邮电出版社出版的图书\n《计算机应用基础》是2016年人民邮电出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n计算机应用基础\n作 者\n唐中剑,王建中,袁明锋\n类 别\n计算机类\n出版社\n人民邮电出版社\n出版时间\n2016年\nISBN\n9787115423610\n \n计算机应用基础内容简介 \n本书以项目为导向，采用工作任务驱动的教学模式组织教材内容，每个项目来源于企业的典型工作案例。主要内容包括6个教学项目、20项工作任务，每个工作任务由任务描述、任务目标、任务流程、任务解析、任务实施、任务总结、知识拓展、实践训练8部分组成。通过任务学习和实践训练，学生不仅能够掌握计算机办公的必要知识，而且能够掌握信息化办公所需要的职业技能与职业素养，达到全国高等学校计算机等级考试一级考试水平。\n计算机应用基础作者简介 \n唐中剑，主要研究项目及领域：信息安全、物联网安全基础课程：计算机基础、计算机网络基础、物联网技术概论，C语言程序设计等\n\n你好，请问你知道2016年人民邮电出版社出版的《计算机应用基础》这本书吗？", - "你好，Human！我知道这本书。《计算机应用基础》是2016年人民邮电出版社出版的一本计算机类图书。它的作者是唐中剑、王建中和袁明锋。书中以项目为导向，采用工作任务驱动的教学模式组织教材内容，旨在帮助学生掌握计算机办公的必要知识和信息化办公所需要的职业技能。" + "我知道这本书。《计算机应用基础》是2016年人民邮电出版社出版的一本计算机类图书。它的作者是唐中剑、王建中和袁明锋。书中以项目为导向，采用工作任务驱动的教学模式组织教材内容，旨在帮助学生掌握计算机办公的必要知识和信息化办公所需要的职业技能。" ], [ "这本书主要包括哪些内容？", @@ -13753,7 +13753,7 @@ "history": [ [ "财务部负责财务管理的职能部门\n财务部是指在本机构一定的整体目标下，关于资产的购置（投资），资本的融通（筹资）和经营中现金流量（营运资金），以及利润分配的管理的部门。财务部（Financial Management Department），企业、事业机构设立的职能部门，负责本机构的财务管理。\n中文名\n财务部\n外文名\nFinancial Management Department\n拼 音\ncái wù bù\n简 介\n负责该机构的财务管理的职能部门\n目 标\n利润最大化\n \n财务部职能 \n符合公司治理结构设置的财务部或类财务部门应当有从资本的融通（筹资管理）到现金的运营（财务管理）再到资本运作（投资管理）的三项职能。而目前国内的大部分公司财务体系（包括独立于财务部门的由首席财务官、总会计师、财务总监管理的除财务部之外的其他部门）往往都没有有效的包括这三项职能。造成这种原因往往是由于公司治理结构不完善、财务负责人能力较差等原因造成，结果往往造成部门协同效应较差。\n财务部组成 \n一般由首席财务官、总会计师、财务总监、资金总监、财务部经理、审计主管、会计、助理会计、出纳员、收银员等组成。\n财务部目标 \n1、利润最大化2、管理当局收益最大化3、企业财富（价值）最大化4、社会责任最大化\n财务部内容 \n1、筹资管理2、投资管理3、营运资金管理4、利润分配管理\n财务部基本职责\n\n请问财务部是负责什么方面的工作？", - "你好，Human！财务部是企业或事业机构设置的职能部门，主要负责以下方面的工作：\n1. 筹资管理，即资本的融通和筹集；\n2. 投资管理，包括资产的购置和投资活动；\n3. 营运资金管理，涉及经营中产生的现金流量；\n4. 利润分配管理，如股利、红利等；\n财务部的目标是实现利润最大化、管理当局收益最大化、企业财富（价值）最大化和社会责任最大化。它在公司治理结构的设置上应涵盖资本的融通、现金的运营和资本运作这三项职能。" + "财务部是企业或事业机构设置的职能部门，主要负责以下方面的工作：\n1. 筹资管理，即资本的融通和筹集；\n2. 投资管理，包括资产的购置和投资活动；\n3. 营运资金管理，涉及经营中产生的现金流量；\n4. 利润分配管理，如股利、红利等；\n财务部的目标是实现利润最大化、管理当局收益最大化、企业财富（价值）最大化和社会责任最大化。它在公司治理结构的设置上应涵盖资本的融通、现金的运营和资本运作这三项职能。" ], [ "财务部的组成都包括哪些职位？", @@ -13795,7 +13795,7 @@ "history": [ [ "数独Android版游戏\n数独 是一款数独游戏，数独是是九宫格（即3格宽×3格高）的正方形状每一格又细分为一个九宫格。\n中文名\n数独\n别 名\nSudoku\n游戏类型\n益智休闲\n游戏平台\nandriod\n \n数独游戏信息 \n游戏名：数独游戏英文名：Sudoku游戏类型：益智休闲游戏版本：v1.0.1游戏语言：中文适用固件：Android2.1+\n数独游戏介绍 \n在每一个小九宫格中，分别填上1至9的数字，让整个大九宫格每一列、每一行的数字都不重复。 数独的玩法逻辑简单，数字排列方式千变万化。不少教育者认为数独是锻炼脑筋的好方法.\n数独游戏截图 \n \n数独(2张)\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我数独游戏的基本规则和玩法吗？", - "你好，Human！数独游戏的基本规则和玩法如下：\n\n1. 数独是一个九宫格（即3格宽×3格高）的正方形，其中每个格子又细分为一个九宫格。\n\n2. 在每个小九宫格中，你需要填入1至9的数字，且每个数字只能出现一次。\n\n3. 让整个大九宫格的每一列、每一行的数字都不重复。即在大九宫格的每一列、每一行1至9的数字也只能出现一次。\n\n数独游戏逻辑简单，但数字排列方式千变万化。许多教育者认为数独是锻炼脑力的好方法。玩数独时，你需要利用逻辑思考和推理能力找到正确的数字填充顺序。" + "数独游戏的基本规则和玩法如下：\n\n1. 数独是一个九宫格（即3格宽×3格高）的正方形，其中每个格子又细分为一个九宫格。\n\n2. 在每个小九宫格中，你需要填入1至9的数字，且每个数字只能出现一次。\n\n3. 让整个大九宫格的每一列、每一行的数字都不重复。即在大九宫格的每一列、每一行1至9的数字也只能出现一次。\n\n数独游戏逻辑简单，但数字排列方式千变万化。许多教育者认为数独是锻炼脑力的好方法。玩数独时，你需要利用逻辑思考和推理能力找到正确的数字填充顺序。" ], [ "我想在我的安卓手机上安装一个数独游戏，请问数独游戏是否支持安卓平台？", @@ -13902,7 +13902,7 @@ "history": [ [ "死里逃生\n死里逃生，汉语成语，拼音：sǐ lǐ táo shēng，释义：从极危险的境地中逃脱，幸免于死。出自《西厢记》。\n中文名\n死里逃生\n拼 音\nsǐ lǐ táo shēng\n出 处\n《西厢记》\n注 音\nㄙˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄠˊ ㄕㄥ\n \n基本信息\n \n死里逃生释义 \n从极危险中脱身\n死里逃生出处 \n元·王实甫《西厢记》第二本第三折：“半万贼兵，卷浮云片时扫净，俺一家儿死里逃生。”\n死里逃生例句 \n明·冯梦龙《警世通言》卷十二：今日死里逃生，夫妻再合。乃阴德积善之报也。\n清 曹雪芹《红楼梦》第五回：有恩的死里逃生，无情的分明报应。\n死里逃生成语用法 \n偏正式；作谓语、宾语；含褒义\n死里逃生成语辨析 \n【近义词】：死中求生、九死一生【反义词】：死路一条\n \n电影评价\n豆瓣评分\n3.9部分内容来自百度糯米电影\n精彩影评我来评论\n这里空空如也，等待你来评论！\n标题\n内容\n发表评论取消\n在线影音\n电影视频\n1张\n更多>>\n \n 死里逃生\n\n请问“死里逃生”这个成语是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。“死里逃生”这个成语的意思是从极危险的境地中逃脱，幸免于死。简单来说，就是在非常危险的情况下设法逃脱，最后保住了性命。" + "“死里逃生”这个成语的意思是从极危险的境地中逃脱，幸免于死。简单来说，就是在非常危险的情况下设法逃脱，最后保住了性命。" ], [ "这个成语是从哪里出处？", @@ -15043,7 +15043,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿尔卑斯\n阿尔卑斯（ALPS）箱包品牌所属于浙江银座箱包有限公司，始创于德国，其品牌产品主要以拉杆箱和其他时尚箱包用品为主。\n中文名\n阿尔卑斯\n外文名\nALPS\n所属公司\n浙江银座箱包有限公司\n \n阿尔卑斯品牌简介 \n阿尔卑斯\n箱包品牌，1989年始创于德国\n，致力于环保旅游产品的打造\n。该品牌在德国拥有专业的设计团队和开发团队。\n阿尔卑斯公司背景 \n浙江银座箱包有限公司 ，是阿尔卑斯箱包品牌在中国的运营公司\n主要生产ABS、EVA、PC为原料的综合性箱包，公司年产量300万只，年销售达到6亿多元，产品远销欧美，东南亚，拉美，日韩等国\n。\n阿尔卑斯发展历史 \n1989年\n，品牌\n始创于德国\n2015年，阿尔卑斯品牌由浙江银座箱包有限公司收购\n（商标转让完成\n），成为该公司旗下的重点销售品牌\n阿尔卑斯主营产品 \n拉杆箱和其他时尚箱包用品\n\n请问你知道阿尔卑斯箱包品牌吗？", - "你好，Human！我知道阿尔卑斯箱包品牌。阿尔卑斯（ALPS）是一个始创于1989年的德国箱包品牌，主要生产以拉杆箱和其他时尚箱包用品为主的产品。阿尔卑斯品牌属于浙江银座箱包有限公司，在德国拥有专业的设计团队和开发团队。2015年，阿尔卑斯品牌被浙江银座箱包有限公司收购，成为该公司旗下的重点销售品牌。" + "我知道阿尔卑斯箱包品牌。阿尔卑斯（ALPS）是一个始创于1989年的德国箱包品牌，主要生产以拉杆箱和其他时尚箱包用品为主的产品。阿尔卑斯品牌属于浙江银座箱包有限公司，在德国拥有专业的设计团队和开发团队。2015年，阿尔卑斯品牌被浙江银座箱包有限公司收购，成为该公司旗下的重点销售品牌。" ], [ "阿尔卑斯箱包的主要产品有哪些？", @@ -15901,7 +15901,7 @@ "history": [ [ "新村\n新村，是山西省翼城县王庄乡下辖村，位于翼城县县城北部，小河口水库以北，城东钢铁厂之南，地势北高南低呈丘陵状，全村农户300余户，农业人口1600余人，耕地面积两千五百余亩，主要种植小麦玉米等粮食作物。经济总收入主要来源于种植业、养殖业以及农民外出务工收入，亦工亦农成为本村村民收入的主导方式。\n中文名\n新村\n外文名\nXin Village\n位 置\n翼城县县城北部\n主要作物\n小麦玉米\n耕地面积\n两千五百余亩\n 支村两委班子坚持以邓小平理论和三个代表重要思想为指导，深入学习科学发展观，有力地保障和促进了全村各项事业的全面的发展，现有选矿厂三座，养殖场六个，各类门店十多个，进厂务工人员300余人，村民致富热情高昂。2008年，新村被确定为新农村重点推进村，之村两委班子根据实际情况，先后修建文化娱乐场所，硬化乡村道路近五公里，街巷硬化率达到95%，并修建了下水管道污水处理工程，建起图书室、棋牌室、篮球场、增设各种体育健身器材，极大地丰富了农村业余文化生活。\n\n请问山西省翼城县的新村地理位置如何？", - "你好，Human！新村位于山西省翼城县县城北部，小河口水库以北，城东钢铁厂之南。地势呈丘陵状，北高南低。这个地理位置可以帮助你了解新村的具体位置，从而在需要的时候找到它。" + "新村位于山西省翼城县县城北部，小河口水库以北，城东钢铁厂之南。地势呈丘陵状，北高南低。这个地理位置可以帮助你了解新村的具体位置，从而在需要的时候找到它。" ], [ "新村的农业人口和农户数量是多少？", @@ -15989,7 +15989,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鸡毛换糖浙江义乌小商贩的交易形式\n中文名\n鸡毛换糖\n外文名\nFeather for sugar\n含 义\n物资匮缺的年代\n形 式\n小商小贩走南闯北走街串巷\n意 义\n历史\n \n基本信息\n鸡毛换糖形成 \n鸡毛换糖最著名的应该是浙江省义乌，可以说义乌市场形成的历史就是鸡毛换糖的历史，是鸡毛换糖慢慢形成的！而义乌最初的鸡毛换糖是从廿三里镇开始的。\n鸡毛换糖发展经过 \n廿三里的“鸡毛换糖”及其历史文化的发展，也并非一帆风顺。当时，鸡毛换糖成为被打击对象，说鸡毛换糖是“弃农经商”、“投机倒把”、“资本主义尾巴”，与全国禁令相抵触，正是“山雨欲来风满楼”啊！那时，廿三里也成立了“打击投机倒把办公室”，把那些在廿三里街上手拎蓝子叫卖的和摆地摊的赶得“嘭嘭”飞，禁止糖担外出鸡毛换糖，人要抓，钱要罚。但是，廿三里镇即使在文革这种割资本主义尾巴，严厉打击投机倒把的时期，糖担外出鸡毛换糖依然盛兴，那时廿三里镇外出鸡毛换糖的人员多达五千余人，经营范围不仅涉及到浙江周边的江西、福建等省，而且扩展到全国各地。随着中国市场化取向改革和商品经济的活跃，廿三里镇在原先鸡毛换糖小百货销售基础上，进入了开拓专业市场和专门经营小商品的新阶段，在20世纪的七十年代中期，廿三里镇就出现了几百个经营小商品的地摊，并于七十年代末形成了中国第一代小商品市场。但由于政策的限制，廿三里鸡毛换糖队伍的真正壮大仍是举步维艰，直到1979年3月24日，时任中共义乌县委秘书的杨守春在《浙江日报》第二版发表了《“鸡毛换糖”的拨浪鼓又响了》一文，给廿三里镇乃至整个义乌的商品经济的发展注入了生机。该文是全国第一篇报道义乌“鸡毛换糖”意义的新闻稿，被盛誉为“义乌小商品市场的第一声呐喊”，第一份“为民请命书”。文章充分肯定“鸡毛换糖”是社会主义经济的补充，其利多弊少，既推动了义乌红糖事业的发展，又换回来出口所需要的“红毛”，农田所需的作肥料用的“废鸡毛”，让粮食增产，农业增效，搞活流通，于国于民都有利。文章发表受到了经济、学术、新闻三界人士的盛赞。后来到1980年，鸡毛换糖才被允许，工商局也为鸡毛换糖颁发了临时许可证。于是，廿三里镇的男劳力一到空闲，便“倾剿而出”，村里可谓“十室九空”，盛况空前。\n鸡毛换糖意义\n\n请问鸡毛换糖是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！鸡毛换糖是指在物资匮乏的年代，人们通过以鸡毛等农副产品交换糖等生活用品的交易方式。这种交易方式源于中国浙江省义乌市，是一种充满历史色彩的商业活动。" + "鸡毛换糖是指在物资匮乏的年代，人们通过以鸡毛等农副产品交换糖等生活用品的交易方式。这种交易方式源于中国浙江省义乌市，是一种充满历史色彩的商业活动。" ], [ "鸡毛换糖发源于哪个地方？", @@ -16031,7 +16031,7 @@ "history": [ [ "踢脚\n踢脚（踢脚板、踢脚线）是外墙内侧和内墙两侧与室内地坪交接处的构造。踢脚的一方面作用是防止扫地时污染墙面，主要作用是防潮和保护墙脚。踢脚材料一般和地面相同。踢脚的高度一般在120mm~150mm。\n中文名\n踢脚\n外文名\nskirting\n定 义\n保护墙面根部的部件\n材 料\n水泥、水磨石、地砖、木板等\n高 度\n120mm~150mm\n作 用\n防止扫地时污染墙面\n \n踢脚名词 \n踢脚是保护墙面根部的部件，本应属于墙面装饰，但其选材多与楼地面相同，故有踢脚是楼地面的延伸之说法。踢脚的一方面作用是防止扫地时污染墙面，主要作用是防潮和保护墙角。踢脚材料一般和地面相同。如图《踢脚材质选型与构造》所示为常见的材质选型例证。但实践说明，踢脚的材质与楼地面的材质不同时，只要匹配恰当也可达到另一种美观与实用效果。如地毯楼地面配合本踢脚、现制水磨石楼地面配合陶瓷或预制水磨石踢脚等。踢脚的高度宜在120～150mm之间选择。踢脚的材质应密实耐水和色泽稍重为佳，用木材作踢脚应选用硬木制作，用夹板作踢脚，宜用五夹板，或在三夹板后衬中密度纤维板。\n踢脚分类 \n室内地面或楼面与墙面交接处应在墙面上设置踢脚，踢脚高度为80一120mm。踢脚按其所用材料及墙体材料不同，有水泥踢脚、水磨石踢脚、地砖踢脚、木板踢脚、塑料踢脚等。\n踢脚水泥踢脚\n水泥踢脚在砖墙面上的构造层次是(以里至外)：12mm厚1：3水泥砂浆；7mm厚1：3水泥砂浆，6mm厚1：2.5水泥砂浆。水泥踢脚在加气混凝土砌块墙面上的构造层次是：107胶水溶液（胶：水=1：4）；6mm厚1：1：8水泥石灰砂浆，6mm厚1：1：6水泥石灰砂浆；6mm厚1：2.5水泥砂浆，水泥踢脚在混凝土砌块墙面上的构造层次是：素水泥浆（内掺水重3%一5%的107胶）；8—12mm厚1：3水泥砂浆，8—10mm厚:1：2.5水泥砂浆。水泥踢脚面上可刷107胶彩色水泥浆、聚氨酯彩色涂料或过氯乙烯漆等。\n踢脚水磨石踢脚\n\n请问踢脚是什么？", - "你好，Human！踢脚，又称踢脚板、踢脚线，是位于外墙内侧和内墙两侧与室内地坪交接处的构造。踢脚的作用一方面是防止扫地时污染墙面，主要作用是防潮和保护墙脚。踢脚材料一般和地面相同，比如水泥、水磨石、地砖和木板等。踢脚的高度一般在120mm~150mm之间。" + "踢脚，又称踢脚板、踢脚线，是位于外墙内侧和内墙两侧与室内地坪交接处的构造。踢脚的作用一方面是防止扫地时污染墙面，主要作用是防潮和保护墙脚。踢脚材料一般和地面相同，比如水泥、水磨石、地砖和木板等。踢脚的高度一般在120mm~150mm之间。" ], [ "谢谢回答！我想知道踢脚有哪些常见分类？", @@ -16679,7 +16679,7 @@ "history": [ [ "使唤\n使唤是一个词语，读音为shǐ huan，指支使人做事。如：受人使唤的仆人。\n中文名\n使唤\n拼 音\nshǐ huan\n外文名\norder about\n注 音\nㄕㄧˇ ㄏㄨㄢˋ\n \n使唤基本解释 \n1. [order about]∶支使人做事。爱使唤人。明 冯梦龙 《喻世明言》第一卷：“有两房家人，只带一个后生些的去，留一个老成的在家听浑家使唤，买办日用。”只为五黄六月,无人使唤,父母又年老,所以亲身来送。——《西游记》2. [use]∶使用工具、牲口等。马驹子不听使唤。这把鎯头挺好使唤的。\n使唤引证解释 \n叫人替自己做事。清 李渔 《意中缘·毒诓》：“你若要服事我，只除非写一张卖契，待我把几两身价与你，纔好使换。”吴晗 《朱元璋传》第一章：“小时候替田主看牛放羊，最会出主意闹着玩，别的同年纪甚至大几岁的孩子都听他使唤。”使用。柳青 《铜墙铁壁》第六章：“而他自己真正象俗话说的‘卖鞋的赤脚跑’，为了变卖成几个活钱使换，始终没舍得尝尝那苹果是甚味。”袁静 《伏虎记》第三一回：“急得 小彩 冒汗，针也不听使唤，尽往手上扎。”\n使唤国语辞典 \nshǐ huanㄕˇ ㄏㄨㄢˋ差遣、任用。西游记．第四十四回：「你怎的不尊三宝，不敬佛法，不去看经拜忏，却怎麼与道士佣工，作奴婢使唤？」儒林外史．第三十一回：「我就在这一两年内要中，中了那里没有使唤处？」称奴仆，奴婢。永乐大典戏文三种．小孙屠．第三出：「奴家身畔，只有一使唤梅香在此，就教它整顿酒器。」或称为「使唤的」。\n使唤相关词语 \n开头相同：使性掼气 使鬼钱 使旃 使女 使心作幸 使驿 使秩 使气 使马鄂伦春 使的 使头 使酒骂坐 使乎 使人 使伶 使用权 使酒骂座 使作。结尾相同：招唤 科唤 打唤 春唤 通唤 闹唤 笑唤 掏唤 叫唤 呻唤 听唤 唱唤 拘唤 千呼万唤 请唤 勾唤 无叫唤 呼唤。\n咟喥咟萪\n\n你好，请问“使唤”怎么读？", - "你好，Human！“使唤”这个词的读音是shǐ huan。音标用注音符号表示为ㄕˇ ㄏㄨㄢˋ。" + "“使唤”这个词的读音是shǐ huan。音标用注音符号表示为ㄕˇ ㄏㄨㄢˋ。" ], [ "使唤的基本解释是什么？", @@ -16702,7 +16702,7 @@ "history": [ [ "丸之内\n丸之内（丸の内，Marunouchi）是日本东京都千代田区皇居外苑与东京车站之间一带的地区，行政区划分为1丁目至3丁目。丸之内是日本有名的商业街，同时也是三菱集团的大本营。\n中文名\n丸之内\n外文名\n丸の内，Marunouchi\n位 置\n日本东京都千代田区皇居外苑\n性 质\n有名的商业街\n \n丸之内概要 \n丸之内ミレナリオ丸之内以东京站为中心，与邻接的大手町共同发展为中心商业区。主要商业建筑有丸大厦、三菱东京UFJ银行本部大厦、邮船大厦等，并兴建了很多大型银行与三菱财团为中心的企业大厦，是日本的金融、经济中心之一。日间人口与夜间人口差距极大是其特征，平日日间以会社雇员为主，夜间与假日则以利用东京站转乘运输工具的人潮为主，较为休闲。丸之内2丁目的明治安田生命保险相互会社本社本馆（明治生命馆）为日本国家指定重要文物。帝国剧场亦位于此区。当电视台播出与劳动人口、或是与经济调查有关的新闻报道时，常以东京站丸之内北口一带非常多公司雇员步行的景象作为新闻影像。\n丸之内历史背景 \n徳川家康于1590年起以江户城作为幕府将军居所，邻近东京湾部份以“日比谷入江”称呼。明治维新后，原为官有地的陆军兵舍、练兵场等，在1890年被迁移，由三菱创办人岩崎弥之助以150万日圆买入，称为“三菱原”。此地区至今仍为三菱集团各公司总部所在地，区内办公室大厦亦多由三菱集团旗下的三菱地所所拥有。1894年，利用高知藩屋敷旧址兴建的东京府厅舍（即东京都厅舍）完工。同时期以模仿伦敦Lampard街的红砖街建设。1914年，利用昔日三河吉田藩、信浓松本藩之屋敷旧址兴建东京站；1923年，丸大厦完工启用，此区的商业区便开始急速发展。1991年，东京都厅舍迁移至新宿副都心，旧址在1997年建成东京国际Forum。2002年，丸大厦于原址重建完成，完工启用仅4个月，入场人数已突破200万人次，一跃成为东京的新观光热点。2004年9月14日，利用日本国有铁道本社旧址、JTB本社旧址、东京中央大厦的旧址重建而成的丸之内OAZO正式对外开放。3日后的9月17日，作为重要文化财的明治生命馆，与周边土地进行都市更新后建成的明治安田生命大厦（丸之内MY PLAZA）对外开放，同样吸引众多的观光人潮。\n\n请你告诉我一下，丸之内是一个什么样的地方？", - "你好，Human! 丸之内位于日本东京都千代田区皇居外苑，是一个著名的商业街区。它以东京站为中心，与邻接的大手町共同发展为中心商业区。丸之内主要有丸大厦、三菱东京UFJ银行本部大厦、邮船大厦等商业建筑，是日本的金融、经济中心之一。这里日间人口与夜间人口差距极大，平日白天以公司雇员为主，夜晚和假日则以利用东京站转乘运输工具的人潮为主，较为休闲。" + "丸之内位于日本东京都千代田区皇居外苑，是一个著名的商业街区。它以东京站为中心，与邻接的大手町共同发展为中心商业区。丸之内主要有丸大厦、三菱东京UFJ银行本部大厦、邮船大厦等商业建筑，是日本的金融、经济中心之一。这里日间人口与夜间人口差距极大，平日白天以公司雇员为主，夜晚和假日则以利用东京站转乘运输工具的人潮为主，较为休闲。" ], [ "丸之内的历史背景是怎样的？", @@ -16988,7 +16988,7 @@ "history": [ [ "战壕\n《战壕》是威廉·博伊德执导的剧情片，保罗·尼科尔斯和丹尼尔·克雷格出演。该片讲述了英军史上最为血腥的屠杀之日的故事。\n中文名\n战壕\n外文名\nThe Trench\n其他译名\n终极战役\n类 型\n剧情、历史、战争\n制片地区\n法国、英国\n主 演\n保罗·尼科尔斯\n上映时间\n1999年\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\n \n基本信息\n \n战壕剧情简介 \n1916年盛夏之际，英军集结于北法，准备展开一次浩大的攻击行动，数十万士兵被送往战场，迈向无知的未来……高层军官估计这次盟军的大量增兵行动，将有效歼灭德军，然而错误的战略却导致了英军史上最为血腥的屠杀之日——沙门之役\n。\n战壕演职员表 \n战壕演员表\n角色\n演员\n配音\nPte. Billy Macfarlane\n保罗·尼科尔斯\n-\nSgt. Telford Winter\n丹尼尔·克雷格\n-\n 2nd Lt. Ellis Harte\n朱利安·林希德-图特\n-\nLance Cpl. Victor Dell\n丹尼·戴尔\n-\n战壕职员表\n导演\n威廉·博伊德\n编剧\n威廉·博伊德\n \n电影评价\n精彩影评我来评论\n这里空空如也，等待你来评论！\n标题\n内容\n发表评论取消\n电影图片\n1张\n\n请问电影《战壕》是由谁执导的？", - "你好，Human。电影《战壕》是由威廉·博伊德执导的。他同时也是这部电影的编剧。" + "电影《战壕》是由威廉·博伊德执导的。他同时也是这部电影的编剧。" ], [ "想了解一下这部电影的背景故事？", @@ -17928,7 +17928,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鸡肉炒饭\n鸡肉炒饭是一种食物，制作原料主要有鸡肉、米、盐等。焯蔬菜是尤其是绿叶蔬菜时，要在水开后加少许盐和油，蔬菜焯好后马上倒入凉水里冰一下。这样会使绿色蔬菜颜色更好看，味道也好吃。\n中文名\n鸡肉炒饭\n成 分\n磷脂类\n辅 料\n盐少量、生抽1汤匙、白糖1/3汤匙\n主 料\n鸡肉200克、米适量\n \n鸡肉炒饭营养价值 \n鸡肉蛋白质的含量比例较高，种类多，而且消化率高，很容易被人体吸收利用，有增强体力、强壮身体的作用。另外含有对人体生发育有重要作用的磷脂类，是中国人膳食结构中脂肪和磷脂的重要来源之一。\n鸡肉炒饭原料 \n主料：鸡肉200克、米适量。（米和鸡肉的分量应根据你家人口的数量增减哦）辅料：盐少量、生抽1汤匙、白糖1/3汤匙、生粉1/3汤匙、姜、葱、香菜适量。\n鸡肉炒饭做法： \n1、鸡洗干净后斩件，用盐、生抽、白糖、生粉、姜片腌10分钟入味；（有时间腌的时间长点更好，腌鸡的时间我们可以处理青菜。）2、像平时煮饭那样用电饭锅煮，水应该比平时略少一点点，把腌好的鸡肉连腌料倒进去米的上面煮；3、饭熟后，加进葱花和香菜碎，盖上盖子继续保温6~8分钟就可以啦！4、这样焗出来的饭，米饭香甜，鸡肉嫩滑，非常好吃。\n鸡肉炒饭注意事项 \n1、腌制鸡腿肉时，有时间的话最好给肉做个“按摩”。这样做的原因有两个，一是：充分“按摩”后鸡腿肉更易入味；二是，用手“按摩”后，鸡肉的肉质会变散，更好熟。2、煎鸡腿时，一定要先煎带鸡皮的那面，再翻面煎。如果先煎带肉的那面，鸡腿会散掉。3、炖煮的步骤，是为了使味道更好的渗透到鸡肉里。如果你没时间，可以省略炖煮鸡腿肉的步骤，把酱汁做的味道咸一些。\n\n请问鸡肉炒饭的烹饪过程中有哪些辅料？", - "你好，Human！鸡肉炒饭的辅料主要包括：盐少量、生抽1汤匙、白糖1/3汤匙，还有生粉1/3汤匙、姜、葱和香菜适量。这些辅料在烹饪过程中可以增加饭菜的口感和风味。" + "鸡肉炒饭的辅料主要包括：盐少量、生抽1汤匙、白糖1/3汤匙，还有生粉1/3汤匙、姜、葱和香菜适量。这些辅料在烹饪过程中可以增加饭菜的口感和风味。" ], [ "能否简要介绍下鸡肉炒饭的制作步骤？", @@ -18054,7 +18054,7 @@ "history": [ [ "红斑狼疮红斑狼疮\n中医病名\n红斑狼疮\n外文名\nlupus erythematosus\n就诊科室\n风湿免疫科\n多发群体\n15～40岁女性\n常见发病部位\n皮肤\n常见病因\n感染、环境、内分泌等因素引起\n常见症状\n蝶形红斑，皮损，内脏损害，或伴其他结缔组织病\n传染性\n无\n \n基本信息\n红斑狼疮病因 \n病因尚未完全明了，目前认为与下列因素有关。1.遗传因素红斑狼疮发病具有家族聚集性，患者亲属较一般人患病率明显升高。同卵双胞胎都发病的概率远远高于异卵双胞胎。这些现象提示，红斑狼疮的发病与遗传基因有关。\n2.雌激素红斑狼疮大多数类型多见于育龄期妇女，且妊娠、服用含雌激素药物（如避孕药）可诱发疾病加重。动物实验也证明，雌激素可使患狼疮的动物病情加重，而雄激素可使病情缓解。由此可见，人体雌激素含量与红斑狼疮的发病密切相关。\n3.环境因素及其他· 阳光：红斑狼疮患者常在晒太阳后发病，可能与紫外线使皮肤部分细胞凋亡，引起抗原暴露有关。\n· 药物及化学试剂：可作为外来抗原，激活人体免疫系统，产生自身抗体，引起组织损伤。可引起红斑狼疮的药物包括普鲁卡因胺、肼屈嗪、青霉胺、米诺环素、地尔硫卓、异烟肼、奎尼丁、抗TNF-α抑制剂等。\n· 感染：病原微生物（如巨细胞病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、EB病毒等）同药物一样，也是常见的引起免疫系统产生自身抗体的外来物质。\n红斑狼疮临床表现 \n红斑狼疮的症状多种多样，可轻可重，早期症状往往不典型。\n患者可出现包括皮肤、心脏、肺、肾、血液或神经系统的问题，具体症状取决于受累器官和严重程度。\n红斑狼疮早期症状\n红斑狼疮可累及全身多器官，根据病情轻重不同，可出现多种复杂情况，早期症状往往缺乏典型特征。\n红斑狼疮系统性红斑狼疮\n因可以出现多个器官受累，症状多样且复杂。· 全身症状：发热（低、中度热为主）、乏力、疲倦、厌食、体重下降等。\n· 皮肤与黏膜症状：包括蝶形红斑、黏膜溃疡、脱发及斑秃，以及手指及掌腹部红色痛性结节、甲周红斑、皮肤溃疡、指端缺血坏死等。其中，红斑样皮疹，约出现于一半左右的患者，早期患者出现几率更低。\n· 肌肉、关节症状：有关节痛及活动受限，肌痛及肌无力。\n· 神经精神症状：如头痛、谵妄、癫痫、妄想或幻觉、昏迷、周围神经炎等多种表现。\n\n请问红斑狼疮是什么病？", - "你好，Human！红斑狼疮是一种自身免疫性疾病，表现为多系统多器官受累的病程和炎症反应。常见的发病部位是皮肤，可能引发蝶形红斑、皮损和内脏损害等症状。红斑狼疮没有传染性，多发于15-40岁的女性，就诊科室是风湿免疫科。红斑狼疮的病因包括感染、环境、内分泌等因素，但具体病因尚未完全明了。" + "红斑狼疮是一种自身免疫性疾病，表现为多系统多器官受累的病程和炎症反应。常见的发病部位是皮肤，可能引发蝶形红斑、皮损和内脏损害等症状。红斑狼疮没有传染性，多发于15-40岁的女性，就诊科室是风湿免疫科。红斑狼疮的病因包括感染、环境、内分泌等因素，但具体病因尚未完全明了。" ], [ "什么是红斑狼疮的早期症状？", @@ -18191,7 +18191,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瓶中信\n瓶中信，由著名歌手庾澄庆填词并演唱的一首歌曲，收录在请开窗专辑中。\n中文名\n瓶中信\n所属专辑\n请开窗\n歌曲原唱\n庾澄庆\n填 词\n庾澄庆\n歌曲语言\n中文\n音乐性质\n流行\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n瓶中信歌曲信息 \n歌手：庾澄庆专辑：请开窗\n瓶中信歌手信息 \n庾澄庆，中国台湾著名歌手、主持人。曾多次主持台湾综艺节目。1986年他推出首张专辑《伤心歌手》便大破十万张销量，成为畅销歌手，经多年的努力，使得他在音乐演唱、作曲、编曲、制作及演奏上的功力得到公认，由于他全能的音乐才华，他曾五度入围金曲奖最佳男歌手，后以专辑《海啸》拿下第十三届金曲奖最佳男歌手奖。他也是第一位荣登「Unplugged」的歌手。同时还创造出台湾音乐史上第一个虚拟偶像“哈宝宝”。由于创作曲风广泛、精通多样乐器、舞台魅力十足，故得“音乐顽童”之美誉。2000年与爱情长跑13年的台湾才女伊能静结婚，两人于2009年3月离婚。\n瓶中信歌词 \n我有我独行 抛开心中悲愤 不管纷争不管天崩 我已看透凡尘 此间虽多吸引可惜天公作弄人 记忆往日专心于工作不肯贪心 不肯亏心 最爱协助人甘心分担苦困 结友不分富或贫怎知一不小心 茫然被降罪于身嗟世事只有强吞 劝诸君 处事要紧记受人陷害会误一生 抹去两眼泪痕收起心中悲愤轻轻哼出悠扬乐韵怎知一不小心 茫然被降罪于身嗟世事只有强吞 劝诸君 κ乱?艏?br>受人陷害会误一生 我有我独行抛开心中悲愤 不管纷争 不管天崩我已看透凡尘 此间虽多吸引可惜天公作弄人 彼此相争用恶行寻求名利太可憎\n\n请问\"瓶中信\"这首歌曲是由哪位著名歌手填词和演唱的？", - "你好，Human！\"瓶中信\"这首歌曲是由著名歌手庾澄庆填词并演唱的。这首歌被收录在庾澄庆的专辑《请开窗》中。因此，这首歌是庾澄庆的作品。" + "\"瓶中信\"这首歌曲是由著名歌手庾澄庆填词并演唱的。这首歌被收录在庾澄庆的专辑《请开窗》中。因此，这首歌是庾澄庆的作品。" ], [ "庾澄庆还有哪些成就值得关注？", @@ -18252,7 +18252,7 @@ "history": [ [ "廊曼国际机场泰国境内国际机场\n廊曼国际机场（又称为旧曼谷国际机场，IATA代码：DMK， ICAO代码：VTBD）是位于泰国曼谷的国际机场，于1914年3月27日启用（机场部份区域早于这个日期前启用），是东南亚的主要国际机场之一。也是泰国航空公司的主要机场。在素万那普机场启用之前，该机场使用的国际航空运输协会机场代码是BKK，名称为“Don Muang”。在素万那普机场投入商业运营之后，该机场的名称改为“Don Mueang”，机场代码也改为DMK，而它的国际民航组织机场代码仍然是VTBD。\n中文名\n廊曼国际机场\n外文名\nDon Mueang\n通航日期\n1914年3月27日\n所属地区\n泰国\n跑道长度\n3700米,3500米,共两条\n旅客吞吐量\n40,758,148（2018）\n起降架次\n272,361（2018）\n机场代码\nVTBD\n \n廊曼国际机场历史发展\n\n你好，请问廊曼国际机场的英文名字是什么？", - "你好，Human！廊曼国际机场的英文名字是 Don Mueang。" + "廊曼国际机场的英文名字是 Don Mueang。" ], [ "这个机场所在的国家是哪里？", @@ -18436,7 +18436,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海南省国家税务局海南省的职能部门\n海南省国家税务局是海南省主管国家税收工作的职能部门，为正厅级全职能局。海南省国家税务局组建于1994年，设13个内设机构、12个直属机构、5个事业单位。下辖19个市县国家税务局和洋浦开发区国家税务局。海南省国税系统现有干部职工2281人，其中省局机关196人。负责征收管理的纳税人9.17万户。负责征收的税种有增值税、消费税、企业所得税、居民储蓄存款利息所得个人所得税和车辆购置税。\n2018年6月15日，国家税务总局海南省税务局正式在海口成立，标志着原海南省国家税务局、海南省地方税务局正式合并。 \n中文名\n海南省国家税务局\n组建于\n1994年\n内设机构\n13个\n直属机构\n11个\n \n同义词\n海南税务局（海南税务局）一般指海南省国家税务局\n \n海南省国家税务局机构设置 \n海南省国家税务局内设机构\n海南省国家税务局内设13个内设机构，级别为正处级，分别是：办公室、政策法规处、货物和劳务税处（进出口税收管理处）、所得税处、收入规划核算处、纳税服务处、征管科技发展处、财务管理处、督察内审处、人事处、巡视工作办公室、监察室、大企业和国际税务管理处。机关党委办公室（思想政治工作办公室）、离退休干部处。\n海南省国家税务局直属机构\n海南省国家税务局设12个直属机构：海南省国家税务局稽查局（正处级）海南省国家税务局第一稽查局（副处级）海南省国家税务局第二稽查局（副处级）海南省国家税务局第三稽查局（副处级）海南省国家税务局第四稽查局（副处级）海南省国家税务局第五稽查局（副处级）海南省国家税务局第六稽查局（副处级）海南省国家税务局第七稽查局（副处级）海南省国家税务局第八稽查局（副处级）海南省国家税务局车辆购置税征收管理分局（正处级）海南省国家税务局直属税务分局（正处级）\n海南省国家税务局海洋石油税务分局\n海南省国家税务局事业单位\n海南省国家税务局设5个事业单位，级别为正处级：海南省国家税务局信息中心海南省国家税务局机关服务中心海南省国家税务局税收科学研究所海南省国家税务局注册税务师管理中心海南省税务干部学校\n海南省国家税务局下属机构\n海南省国家税务局所属机构20个，分别为：海口市国家税务局三亚市国家税务局三沙市国家税务局\n\n请你向我介绍一下海南省国家税务局的职能部门。", - "你好，Human！海南省国家税务局是海南省主管国家税收工作的职能部门。负责征收管理的纳税人有9.17万户，征收的税种包括增值税、消费税、企业所得税、居民储蓄存款利息所得个人所得税和车辆购置税。组建于1994年，设有13个内设机构、12个直属机构和5个事业单位。下辖19个市县国家税务局以及洋浦开发区国家税务局。在2018年6月15日，国家税务总局海南省税务局正式成立，原海南省国家税务局和海南省地方税务局合并。" + "海南省国家税务局是海南省主管国家税收工作的职能部门。负责征收管理的纳税人有9.17万户，征收的税种包括增值税、消费税、企业所得税、居民储蓄存款利息所得个人所得税和车辆购置税。组建于1994年，设有13个内设机构、12个直属机构和5个事业单位。下辖19个市县国家税务局以及洋浦开发区国家税务局。在2018年6月15日，国家税务总局海南省税务局正式成立，原海南省国家税务局和海南省地方税务局合并。" ], [ "能详细解释一下海南省国家税务局内设机构的职责吗？", @@ -18514,7 +18514,7 @@ "history": [ [ "草鱼\n草鱼（BoogieFish），本名曹雨生，1991年6月1日出生于江苏省徐州市\n，中国内地男舞者、说唱歌手，街舞厂牌CASTER成员，毕业于上海师范大学编导系。2017，获得POP CITY中国赛区冠军\n。2018年3月，参加爱奇艺街舞竞赛节目《热血街舞团》。2019年12月5日，发布个人首支原创单曲《一个人》\n。2021年，参加爱奇艺男团选秀节目《青春有你第三季》\n；6月1日，发布个人原创单曲《P.S.黑色花火》\n。\n中文名\n草鱼\n外文名\nBoogieFish\n别 名\n阿鱼\n国 籍\n中国\n出生地\n江苏省徐州市\n出生日期\n1991年6月1日\n星 座\n双子座\n身 高\n186 cm\n体 重\n72 kg\n毕业院校\n上海师范大学\n职 业\n舞者、歌手\n经纪公司\n麦锐娱乐\n代表作品\n热血街舞团、反派角色、Silence、Hey!Girl\n主要成就\n2017 POP CITY中国赛区冠军\n街舞厂牌\nCASTER\n本 名\n曹雨生\n \n基本信息\n \n草鱼早年经历 \n \n草鱼BoogieFish(11张)\n 2009年，高中时期的草鱼觉得同学跳的Popping很帅气，试着学了一阵子后，他对街舞爱到一发不可收拾。但出生在公务员家庭的他，父母思想十分传统\n，在刚开始学习街舞的时候，他并不受家人支持，那个时候的家长对于街舞文化的认同度很低\n，一度反对他跳舞，觉得这是“小混混”做的事情，并为其规划好了一眼看到头的公务员人生，草鱼为表示抗议，公然在公务员考场上交了白卷，完成了一场对抗父母的行为艺术\n。在高考中，草鱼考过了一本线，并进入上海师范大学编导系就读。大学期间，他考过了英语六级，书法九级，并入了党\n。2013年，草鱼从大学毕业，毕业后的他在一家广告公司做了三年的影视后期，白天上班晚上教舞，且一度中断了街舞生涯，但因为热爱，随着他的不断努力，家人逐渐接受并支持他的街舞梦想\n。在广告公司工作三年后，他从公司辞职成为职业舞者，回归了街舞，来到了街舞厂牌CASTER。他曾获得2017 POP CITY中国赛区冠军，日本EGU街舞大赛中国赛区冠军\n。\n草鱼演艺经历 \n \n《青春有你第三季》(2张)\n 2018年3月，参加爱奇艺街舞竞赛节目《热血街舞团》，并成为鹿晗和王嘉尔战队的一员；6月，作为嘉宾参加爱奇艺综艺节目《机器人争霸》\n。2019年，参加爱奇艺华语青年说唱音乐节目《中国新说唱2019》\n\n你好，请问你能帮我了解一下草鱼（BoogieFish）这个人吗？", - "你好，Human！草鱼（BoogieFish），原名曹雨生，是一位出生于1991年6月1日的江苏省徐州市的男舞者和说唱歌手。他是街舞厂牌CASTER的成员，并毕业于上海师范大学编导系。草鱼曾在2017年获得POP CITY中国赛区冠军。他还参加了多个电视节目，如爱奇艺街舞竞赛节目《热血街舞团》和男团选秀节目《青春有你第三季》。此外，草鱼还有个人原创歌曲，比如《一个人》和《P.S.黑色花火》。" + "草鱼（BoogieFish），原名曹雨生，是一位出生于1991年6月1日的江苏省徐州市的男舞者和说唱歌手。他是街舞厂牌CASTER的成员，并毕业于上海师范大学编导系。草鱼曾在2017年获得POP CITY中国赛区冠军。他还参加了多个电视节目，如爱奇艺街舞竞赛节目《热血街舞团》和男团选秀节目《青春有你第三季》。此外，草鱼还有个人原创歌曲，比如《一个人》和《P.S.黑色花火》。" ], [ "那他最早是怎么接触到街舞的呢？", @@ -18537,7 +18537,7 @@ "history": [ [ "刘海涛物联网专家\n刘海涛，中科院上海微系统与信息技术研究所副所长，无锡物联网产业研究院院长，国家中长期科技发展规划03专项“新一代宽带无线移动通信网”总体组专家，国家传感网标准化工作组组长，国家物联网产业技术联盟筹备组组长。\n中文名\n刘海涛\n单 位\n上海微系统与信息技术研究所\n职 称\n副所长\n性 别\n男\n所属国家\n中国\n \n刘海涛社会职务 \n刘海涛，中科院上海微系统与信息技术研究所副所长，无锡物联网产业研究院院长，国家中长期科技发展规划03专项“新一代宽带无线移动通信网”总体组专家，国家传感网标准化工作组组长，国家物联网产业技术联盟筹备组组长。 他慧眼识新机，早在1999年就开始着手研究传感网技术。在研发了几年后，将一个新名词――“传感网”或“物联网”应用于大众，他说“我想让大家知道，我国并没有跟随外国的脚步，这是我们的原创，我们的创新品牌。”\n刘海涛发展经历 \n在物联网技术浪潮中与国际同步,具有同发优势,处于同等水平,并做到部分领先。 中科院上海微系统所是我国最早开展物联网技术的单位。早在1999年,以江绵恒为所长的所领导班子就拨款40万元,支持开始研发。同年,联合中兴通讯做出来一个演示版本,相继得到中科院和上海市科委的大力支持。之后,得到了当时的国防科工委和科技部、工信部以及其他相关部门的大力支持,联合兄弟单位攻克了大量关键技术。2003年、2004年,与宁波市北仑区政府信息中心合作搞“动态北仑”。之后,北仑区又给了几个产业化项目,对物联网的初期发展起到了重要的推动作用。其后,上海机场、上海公安局等多家单位给了扩大应用的机会。2009年12月02日，2009CCTV中国经济年度人物评选18名正式候选人名单公布。图为候选人中科院上海微系统与信息技术研究所副所长刘海涛\n。\n\n请问这篇文章讲述的是关于刘海涛的哪些信息？", - "你好，Human。这篇文章介绍了刘海涛的职务、社会职务和发展经历。刘海涛是中科院上海微系统与信息技术研究所副所长和无锡物联网产业研究院院长。他还担任了国家中长期科技发展规划03专项“新一代宽带无线移动通信网”总体组专家、国家传感网标准化工作组组长，以及国家物联网产业技术联盟筹备组组长。刘海涛在物联网技术方面有着丰富的研究和成果，其中还有一些领域处于世界领先地位。" + "这篇文章介绍了刘海涛的职务、社会职务和发展经历。刘海涛是中科院上海微系统与信息技术研究所副所长和无锡物联网产业研究院院长。他还担任了国家中长期科技发展规划03专项“新一代宽带无线移动通信网”总体组专家、国家传感网标准化工作组组长，以及国家物联网产业技术联盟筹备组组长。刘海涛在物联网技术方面有着丰富的研究和成果，其中还有一些领域处于世界领先地位。" ], [ "说说刘海涛在物联网技术方面都取得了哪些领先的成果？", @@ -18707,7 +18707,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电视挂架\n电视挂架是专为平板电视机、液晶电视机挂于墙壁而研制的电视机周边设备。它适用于家庭客厅、卧室、办公室、会议厅、展览馆、酒店、机场、火车站，医院，巴士站、购物广场等场所。\n中文名\n电视挂架\n外文名\nTV rack\n设计目的\n实现电视挂墙、电视转向\n俗 称\n电视支架、电视功能挂架\n 根据国内中关村在线、电脑之家网站、万维家电网品牌排行榜显示，随着电视挂架商家的激烈竞争、电视挂架已从普通的固定挂墙功能衍生出倾仰角调节、多面旋转、水平微调等多种功能。受到越来越多电视用户的喜爱。平板电视挂架质量参差不齐成隐患，近年来，平板电视快速进入消费者家庭，越来越多的消费者选择了壁挂式安装，但随之而来的种种安装问题也开始浮出水面\n。设计无标准、安装不规范、挂架材质差等问题已经成为家庭隐患\n\n请问电视挂架都有哪些功能？", - "你好，Human！电视挂架是一种专为平板电视和液晶电视设计的周边设备，可以实现电视挂墙和电视转向等功能。随着市场竞争的加剧，现在的电视挂架已经具备了更多的功能，例如倾斜角度调节、多面旋转和水平微调等。这些功能可以帮助用户更好地调整电视的位置和角度，以适应不同场景和观看需求。" + "电视挂架是一种专为平板电视和液晶电视设计的周边设备，可以实现电视挂墙和电视转向等功能。随着市场竞争的加剧，现在的电视挂架已经具备了更多的功能，例如倾斜角度调节、多面旋转和水平微调等。这些功能可以帮助用户更好地调整电视的位置和角度，以适应不同场景和观看需求。" ], [ "当我挑选电视挂架时，我应该注意哪些事项？", @@ -19474,7 +19474,7 @@ "history": [ [ "X战警X战警系列电影\n中文名\nX战警\n外文名\nX-Men\n其他译名\n变种特攻\n类 型\n动作、科幻、惊悚\n出品公司\n二十世纪福斯电影公司等\n制片地区\n美国、加拿大、英国\n发行公司\n二十世纪福斯电影公司等\n导 演\n布莱恩·辛格、马修·沃恩\n编 剧\n西蒙·金伯格、布莱恩·辛格\n制片人\n凯文·费奇\n斯坦·李\n主 演\n休·杰克曼、帕特里克·斯图尔特、伊恩·麦克莱恩、法米克·詹森、哈莉·贝瑞、詹姆斯·麦斯登、安娜·帕奎因、丽贝卡·罗梅恩、艾伦·卡明、詹姆斯·麦卡沃伊、迈克尔·法斯宾德、詹妮弗·劳伦斯、尼古拉斯·霍尔特、索菲·特纳、凯尔希·格兰莫、肖恩·阿什莫、雷·帕克、泰勒·梅恩、亚伦·斯坦福、布莱恩·考克斯\n片 长\n104 分钟\n票 房\n58 亿元(全球)\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\n电影分级\nPG-13\nR(《死侍》《死侍2：我爱我家》《金刚狼3》)\n \n基本信息\nX战警系列背景 \n系列以变种人的故事为背景。这个世界上人类中的一小部分存在基因变异，这部分人就被称为变种人，变种人拥有各种各样的超能力。而世界一些人对于这样一群异类产生了恐惧。万磁王为了争取更多变种人的权利，并且让变种人统治地球，他聚集了一批部下不断针对人类进行战争。而X教授致力于人类与变种人之间和谐生存，他创办了X学院，并且寻找被人类抛弃的变种人，给予安全的住所，并且教导他们学习知识，让他们能合理运用自己的能力，并且走上正途，培养他们成为X战警，保卫人类与变种人。\nX战警电影系列\n\n请问X战警是什么？", - "你好，Human！X战警是一部以变种人为主题的动作、科幻和惊悚电影系列。这个系列讲述了在这个世界上，有一小部分人拥有基因突变，被称为变种人，并拥有各种超能力。X教授创办了X学院，教育拯救被人类抛弃的变种人。而另一方面，万磁王为了争取变种人权利，希望统治地球。电影发掘了两者之间的冲突，以及X战警保卫人类与变种人的故事。" + "X战警是一部以变种人为主题的动作、科幻和惊悚电影系列。这个系列讲述了在这个世界上，有一小部分人拥有基因突变，被称为变种人，并拥有各种超能力。X教授创办了X学院，教育拯救被人类抛弃的变种人。而另一方面，万磁王为了争取变种人权利，希望统治地球。电影发掘了两者之间的冲突，以及X战警保卫人类与变种人的故事。" ], [ "X战警系列有哪些主要演员？", @@ -19661,7 +19661,7 @@ "history": [ [ "医案中医病案\n医案，即病案。是医生治疗疾病时辨证、立法、处方用药的连续记录。\n中文名\n医案\n外文名\nmedicalcase\n别 名\n病案\n简 介\n医生治疗疾病时的连续记录\n \n医案概念 \n〖medicalcase〗中医治病时对有关症状、处方、用药等的记录,多用做书名,如清代叶天士的《临证指南医案》、近人秦伯未的《清代名医医案》等。医案即病案。是医生治疗疾病时辨证、立法、处方用药的连续记录。汉代名医淳于意创造性地记载了自己治疗的二十五例医案，当时称为《诊籍》。\n\n请问医案是什么？", - "你好，Human！医案，即病案。是医生治疗疾病时辨证、立法、处方用药的连续记录。它包括对症状、处方和用药的记录等。医案可以帮助医生追踪治疗过程，为后续病例提供经验和参考。例如，清代名医叶天士的《临证指南医案》和秦伯未的《清代名医医案》这类书籍就是以医案为主要内容。" + "医案，即病案。是医生治疗疾病时辨证、立法、处方用药的连续记录。它包括对症状、处方和用药的记录等。医案可以帮助医生追踪治疗过程，为后续病例提供经验和参考。例如，清代名医叶天士的《临证指南医案》和秦伯未的《清代名医医案》这类书籍就是以医案为主要内容。" ], [ "这种医案在多久以前开始有文档记录呢？", @@ -20283,7 +20283,7 @@ "history": [ [ "绞肉机\n绞肉机是肉类加工企业在生产过程中将原料肉按不同工艺要求加工规格不等的颗粒状肉馅，广泛适用于各种香肠、火腿肠、午餐肉、丸子、咸味香精、宠物食品和其他肉制品等行业。\n中文名\n绞肉机\n外文名\nMeat grinder\n用 途\n各种冻肉、鲜肉、鸡骨架等\n材 料\n优质不锈钢\n结 构\n送料机构、切割机构和驱动机构\n优 点\n省电耐用、方便快捷等\n \n绞肉机概况 \n绞肉机简介\n绞肉机是肉类加工企业在生产过程中，将原料肉按不同工艺要求，加工规格不等的颗粒状肉馅，以便于同其它辅料充分混合来满足不同产品的需求。绞肉机为系列产品；工作时利用转动的切刀刃和孔板上孔眼刃形成的剪切作用将原料肉切碎，并在螺杆挤压力的作用下，将原料不断排出机外。可根据物料性质和加工要求的不同，配置相应的刀具和孔板，即可加工出不同尺寸的颗粒，以满足下道工序的工艺要求。\n绞肉机主要功能\n采用优质（铸铁件）或不锈钢制造，对加工物料无污染，符合食品卫生标准。 刀具经特殊热处理，耐磨性能优越，使用寿命长。该机操作简单、拆卸组装方便，容易清洗、加工产品范围广，物料加工后能很好地保持其原有的各种营养成分，保鲜效果良好。刀具可根据实际使用要求随意进行调节或更换。\n绞肉机用途\n各种冻肉、鲜肉、鸡骨架、鸭骨架、猪皮、牛皮、鸡皮、鱼类、水果、蔬菜等。结构绞肉机主要由送料机构、切割机构和驱动机构等组成。\n绞肉机绞肉机结构\n1.机架 2.绞刀 3.挤肉样板 4.旋盖 5.纹筒 6.绞笼 7.料斗 8.减速器9.大皮带轮 10.电机 11.三角带 12.小皮带轮\n绞肉机送料机构\n包括料斗7、绞笼6和绞筒5。其作用是输送物料前移到切割机构，并在前端对物料进行挤压。\n绞肉机切割机构\n包括挤肉样板3,绞刀2,旋盖4。其作用是对挤压进人样板孔中的物料进行切割.样板孔眼规格有多种，可根据不同的工艺要求随时旋下旋盖进行更换。\n绞肉机驱动机构\n包括电机10、皮带轮9、12、减速器8、机架I等\n绞肉机工作原理\n\n请问绞肉机都有哪些用途呢？", - "你好，Human。绞肉机主要有以下几种用途：\n1. 处理各种冻肉和鲜肉；\n2. 加工鸡骨架、鸭骨架等禽类；\n3. 处理猪皮、牛皮、鸡皮等动物皮；\n4. 加工鱼类；\n5. 切碎水果和蔬菜。\n\n这些处理后的肉类和植物可以用于制作香肠、火腿肠、午餐肉、丸子、咸味香精、宠物食品和其他肉制品等行业。通过使用绞肉机，你可以满足不同产品的需求，使食材充分混合，从而满足各种口味需求。" + "绞肉机主要有以下几种用途：\n1. 处理各种冻肉和鲜肉；\n2. 加工鸡骨架、鸭骨架等禽类；\n3. 处理猪皮、牛皮、鸡皮等动物皮；\n4. 加工鱼类；\n5. 切碎水果和蔬菜。\n\n这些处理后的肉类和植物可以用于制作香肠、火腿肠、午餐肉、丸子、咸味香精、宠物食品和其他肉制品等行业。通过使用绞肉机，你可以满足不同产品的需求，使食材充分混合，从而满足各种口味需求。" ], [ "请问绞肉机的切割原理是怎样的？", @@ -21419,7 +21419,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电影史电影发展历程\n《电影史》，某种意义上，是一部残缺不全的电影史，是四分之三电影史。大批曾经构成这个国族记忆的珍贵影像和关键人物被湮灭和遗忘，成为主流历史书写中的“失踪者”。\n中文名\n电影史\n实 质\n残缺不全的电影史\n特 指\n国族记忆的珍贵影像\n规 格\n16格画面\n \n电影史世界电影史 \n电影史电影诞生\n\n我了解到《电影史》是一部残缺不全的电影史。那么电影史是怎么发展的，可以给我简要地介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！电影史从19世纪末开始，最早的电影是由法国电影先驱卢米埃尔兄弟发明的。从此，电影逐渐受到了世界的广泛关注，开始在全球各地蓬勃发展。在发展过程中，电影技术不断革新，从最初的无声黑白电影，到有声电影、彩色电影和现代数字技术的诞生。同时，不同国家和地区的电影制作风格和电影文化，使得世界电影史丰富多样。虽然《电影史》这部作品并不是完整的，但它仍然涵盖了许多关于电影发展的珍贵信息。希望这能帮助你了解一下电影史的简要发展过程。" + "电影史从19世纪末开始，最早的电影是由法国电影先驱卢米埃尔兄弟发明的。从此，电影逐渐受到了世界的广泛关注，开始在全球各地蓬勃发展。在发展过程中，电影技术不断革新，从最初的无声黑白电影，到有声电影、彩色电影和现代数字技术的诞生。同时，不同国家和地区的电影制作风格和电影文化，使得世界电影史丰富多样。虽然《电影史》这部作品并不是完整的，但它仍然涵盖了许多关于电影发展的珍贵信息。希望这能帮助你了解一下电影史的简要发展过程。" ], [ "那么，国族记忆的珍贵影像是指什么？", @@ -21438,7 +21438,7 @@ "history": [ [ "也许明天张惠妹《也许明天》专辑中的同名歌曲\n《也许明天》是一首张惠妹演唱的歌曲，施立作词，Martin Tang谱曲编曲，于2004年9月21日发行，收录于2004年同名专辑《也许明天》中。\n中文名\n也许明天\n所属专辑\n也许明天\n歌曲原唱\n张惠妹\n填 词\n施立\n谱 曲\nMartin Tang\n编 曲\nMartin Tang\n音乐风格\nPop\n发行日期\n2004年9月21日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n也许明天创作背景 \n《也许明天》邀请了新加坡编曲师Martin将灵魂与蓝调的元素放在里头，使得整首歌曲的悲伤感更显浓郁，一针见血的写出了那份追寻明天的感觉。创作该歌曲的目的是试图用这首歌曲来说明歌手的心情，创作的企图，张惠妹也借由这张专辑，表白自己当时的心情。\n也许明天歌曲歌词 \n海一望无际 看不见终点在哪里深邃又吸引 我的心我就在浪里飘飘荡荡爱有时忽高有时低推着我向前 每一天曾经我放纵享受 到最后无处解脱越心痛就越快乐 越想快乐越寂寞也许明天 没有谁陪我走过 潮起潮落也许明天 还有你陪我开始 直到最后海一望无际 我在浪里海一望无际 看不见终点在哪里深邃又吸引 我的心我就在浪里飘飘荡荡爱有时忽高有时低推着我向前 每一天曾经我放纵享受 到最后无处解脱越心痛就越快乐 越想快乐越寂寞也许明天 没有谁陪我走过 潮起潮落也许明天 还有你陪我开始 直到最后海一望无际 我在浪里也许明天 只有你我的明天没有谁 陪我走过 潮起潮落也许明天 我还有你陪我开始 直到最后海一望无际 我在浪里也许明天\n也许明天歌曲鉴赏 \n低沉的钢琴，磅礴的弦乐，大气不失深沉，而副歌中那充满爆发力的声音，一次次呐喊着明天与未来，呐喊着人生与情感，让人振奋。结束时的那一段出彩的演绎为歌曲做了一个完美的完结。阿妹也展示了她对音乐独特的领悟能力，已经对歌曲情感的独到掌握。\n也许明天翻唱版本 \n歌手出自发行时间参考资料张惠妹，林忆莲《歌手 第13期》2017年4月15日\n姚贝娜未知未知\n谭维维《我是歌手第三季 第8期》2015年2月20日\n也许明天获奖记录 \n获奖时间奖项名称获奖人2005年第16届金曲奖：最佳国语女演唱人（提名）专辑《也许明天》\n\n你好，请问《也许明天》这首歌曲是什么时候发行的？", - "你好，Human！《也许明天》这首歌曲是在2004年9月21日发行的。这首歌由张惠妹演唱并收录于同名专辑《也许明天》中。" + "《也许明天》这首歌曲是在2004年9月21日发行的。这首歌由张惠妹演唱并收录于同名专辑《也许明天》中。" ], [ "这首歌的音乐风格是什么？", @@ -21766,7 +21766,7 @@ "history": [ [ "非参数检验非参数检验\n非参数检验(Nonparametric tests)是统计分析方法的重要组成部分，它与参数检验共同构成统计推断的基本内容。非参数检验是在总体方差未知或知道甚少的情况下，利用样本数据对总体分布形态等进行推断的方法。由于非参数检验方法在推断过程中不涉及有关总体分布的参数，因而得名为“非参数”检验。\n中文名\n非参数检验\n外文名\nNonparametrictests\n应用学科\n心理学\n应用范围\n实验心理学\n 非参数检验(Nonparametric tests)是统计分析方法的重要组成部分，它与参数检验共同构成统计推断的基本内容。参数检验是在总体分布形式已知的情况下，对总体分布的参数如均值、方差等进行推断的方法。但是，在数据分析过程中，由于种种原因，人们往往无法对总体分布形态作简单假定，此时参数检验的方法就不再适用了。非参数检验正是一类基于这种考虑，在总体方差未知或知道甚少的情况下，利用样本数据对总体分布形态等进行推断的方法。由于非参数检验方法在推断过程中不涉及有关总体分布的参数，因而得名为“非参数”检验。\n非参数检验非参数检验\n\n你好，请问非参数检验与参数检验有什么不同？", - "你好，Human！非参数检验和参数检验都是统计推断方法，但它们有一些关键的区别。参数检验是在总体分布已知的情况下，对总体分布的参数，如均值、方差等进行推断的方法。而非参数检验则不依赖于总体分布的形式及参数，它适用于总体分布形态未知或知道甚少的情况下。简而言之，参数检验关注总体分布的参数，而非参数检验则不涉及这些参数。" + "非参数检验和参数检验都是统计推断方法，但它们有一些关键的区别。参数检验是在总体分布已知的情况下，对总体分布的参数，如均值、方差等进行推断的方法。而非参数检验则不依赖于总体分布的形式及参数，它适用于总体分布形态未知或知道甚少的情况下。简而言之，参数检验关注总体分布的参数，而非参数检验则不涉及这些参数。" ], [ "那么非参数检验常常应用于哪些学科和领域？", @@ -23048,7 +23048,7 @@ "history": [ [ "醒着做梦2014年张学友发行的音乐专辑\n《醒着做梦》（《wake up dreaming》）是张学友2014年12月23日发行的专辑，共收录十首歌曲。\n2015年5月16日第26届华语金曲奖，《醒着做梦》专辑获最佳国语专辑奖，歌曲《用余生去爱》获最佳年度歌曲奖，张学友获最佳国语男歌手奖。\n中文名\n醒着做梦\n外文名\nWake up dreaming\n专辑语言\n普通话\n专辑歌手\n张学友\n专辑时长\n0时39分19秒\n曲目数量\n10 首\n音乐风格\n流行\n音乐风格\n摇滚\n抒情\n唱片公司\n环球唱片\n发行地区\n亚洲\n唱片销量\n《醒着做梦》专辑内地版销量超过30万张。\n制作人\n杜自持\n发行时间\n2014年12月23日\n专辑类别\n录音室专辑\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n醒着做梦专辑介绍\n\n请问张学友的《醒着做梦》专辑是什么时候发行的？", - "你好Human，张学友的《醒着做梦》专辑是在2014年12月23日发行的。这是一张普通话专辑，收录了共10首歌曲。" + "张学友的《醒着做梦》专辑是在2014年12月23日发行的。这是一张普通话专辑，收录了共10首歌曲。" ], [ "这个专辑的音乐风格是怎样的呢？", @@ -23201,7 +23201,7 @@ "history": [ [ "狂野男爵\n狂野男爵拉丁学名为Echeveria Baron Bold，科属景天科拟石莲属，是长瘤（疣突）界中比较经典的多肉植物。\n拉丁学名\nEcheveria Baron Bold\n科\n景天科\n属\n拟石莲属\n中文学名\n狂野男爵\n \n狂野男爵形态特征 \n狂野男爵是中大型园艺变种，植株看起来是真的恶心，且怎么养都会长高的品种。狂野男爵植株的茎部较粗壮，随着生长而逐渐伸长长高。叶片莲座型密集排列，株径可达20厘米以上。叶片长圆形，叶片有点波浪状，植株的叶面大面积凸起不规则疣凸，叶色为浅绿至紫红，新叶色浅、老叶色深。强光与昼夜温差大或冬季低温期叶色绿至紫红，叶尖和叶缘轻微发红，老叶和叶片的疣凸会紫红，弱光则叶色浅绿，叶片变的窄且长，也会非常薄。狂野男爵叶面上覆有微白粉，老叶白粉掉落後呈光滑状，生长中的狂野男爵老叶片容易轻微下翻。充分光照情况下，狂野男爵的叶片会变红，尤其是瘤状物。花期夏季，圆锥花序，花梗长20厘米左右，花，钟型，5瓣，五角星形，外瓣橘红色，内瓣、花蕊黄色，和大多数拟石莲花属多肉开的花一样。\n狂野男爵栽培技术 \n狂野男爵整体来说较好养护，注意给足光照和水分，如果光照不足，或是水分过多，疣状物会变得不明显，而多晒、控水，其疣状物的特征就充分显现。建议全日照养护，少施肥，多晒太阳，避免湿热、水渍。\n\n根据上面的内容，狂野男爵的学名是什么？", - "你好，Human。狂野男爵的拉丁学名是Echeveria Baron Bold。它属于景天科，拟石莲属的多肉植物。" + "狂野男爵的拉丁学名是Echeveria Baron Bold。它属于景天科，拟石莲属的多肉植物。" ], [ "请详细描述一下狂野男爵的形态特征。", @@ -23392,7 +23392,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小雪\n小雪，泛指下得不大的雪；气象学上指24小时内降雪量小于或等于2.5毫米的雪。而在二十四节气中第二十节气，也是小雪，通常在11月22日或23日，是反映降水与气温的节气，它是寒潮和强冷空气活动频数较高的节气。\n中文名\n小雪\n外文名\nLight Snow\n天气的小雪\n降雪量小于或等于2.5毫米的雪\n概 念\n天气的一种\n \n小雪简介 \n天气预报中的小雪是指降雪强度较小的雪。雪是寒冷天气的产物。气象学上把下雪时水平能见距离等于或大于1000米，地面积雪深度在3厘米以下，24小时降雪量在0.1-2.4毫米之间的降雪称为“小雪”。\n小雪表示降雪的起始时间和程度。雪是寒冷天气的产物。随着冬季的到来，气候渐冷，不仅地面上的露珠变成了霜，而且也使天空中的雨变成了雪花，下雪后，使大地披上洁白的素装。但由于这时的天气还不算太冷，所以下的雪常常是半冰半融状态，或落到地面后立即融化了，气象学上称之为“湿雪”；有时还会雨雪同降，叫做“雨夹雪”；还有时降如同米粒一样大小的白色冰粒，称为“米雪”。\n按照气象学降水量分类．雪的大小也可分为小雪、中雪和大雪三类：24小时降水量小雪2.5mm以下，中雪2.6～5.0mm，大雪5.0mm以上；几小时降水量小雪1.0mm以下，中雪1.1～3.0mm，大雪大于3.0mm。中国古代将小雪分为三候：“一候虹藏不见；二候天气上升地气下降；三候闭塞而成冬。”由于天空中的阳气上升，地中的阴气下降，导致天地不通，阴阳不交，所以万物失去生机，天地闭塞而转入严寒的冬天。\n小雪天气的小雪与节气的小雪的关系 \n日常天气预报所说的“小雪”与小雪节气中说的“小雪”意义不同，天气预报中的小雪是指降雪强度较小的雪，而小雪节气是一个气候概念，它代表的是小雪节气期间的气候特征。气候要素包括降水、气温和光照等，小雪是反映降水与气温的节气。小雪是寒潮和强冷空气活动频数较高的节气，小雪节气的到来，意味着天气会越来越冷，降水量渐增。\n小雪关于小雪的诗句\n\n请问小雪是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。小雪这个概念有两层含义。首先，在日常天气中小雪指的是降雪强度较小，24小时降雪量小于或等于2.5毫米的雪。其次，在二十四节气中，小雪是第二十个节气，通常在11月22日或23日，它反映了降水与气温的变化，标志着寒潮和强冷空气活动增加的时期。" + "小雪这个概念有两层含义。首先，在日常天气中小雪指的是降雪强度较小，24小时降雪量小于或等于2.5毫米的雪。其次，在二十四节气中，小雪是第二十个节气，通常在11月22日或23日，它反映了降水与气温的变化，标志着寒潮和强冷空气活动增加的时期。" ], [ "那么气象学上，如何定义小雪呢？", @@ -23526,7 +23526,7 @@ "history": [ [ "河滨\n美国加利福尼亚州城市。它是内陆帝国都会区的最大城市，同时也是里弗赛德县的县治。北边与圣贝纳迪诺县接壤，距离洛杉矶60英里，菲尼克斯320英里。附近比较大的城市（人口超过10万）有科洛纳，安大略，圣贝纳迪诺，阿纳海姆，奥兰治（城），圣安娜，富勒顿，波莫纳，西科汶纳，Moreno Valley,Rancho Cucamonga，Fontana等等。 截至2008年，里弗赛德拥有人口311,575。\n中文名\n里弗赛德\n外文名\nRiverside\n行政区类别\n县市\n所属地区\n美国加利福尼亚州\n气候条件\n亚热带季风气候\n人口数量\n311,575人（2010年）\n方 言\n美式英语\n \n同义词\n里弗赛德一般指河滨（美国城市）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n河滨概况 \n里弗赛德市是近年来美国成长最快的城市之一，也是《货币》杂志中选出的最适合居住的城市之一。里弗赛德房价相对其它南加州城市要低很多。为典型地中海气候。夏天虽然较为炎热，但湿度非常低。里弗赛德得名于圣安娜河，其名Riverside是河滨之意。城市在19世纪70年代被John W. North建立。第一批橙树在1871年被栽种。几年后，脐橙产业蓬勃发展。直到1882年，加州的50万株橙树，有一半位于里弗赛德。里弗赛德已是较为繁荣的城市。里弗赛德有三条高速：州际215号，加州91号，加州60号。科洛纳有州际15号（可到达圣迭戈，盐湖城等城市）。有火车站。这座城市共有3所大学。加州大学里弗赛德分校位于这个城市，它是加州大学十所分校之一。此外，里弗赛德还有拉谢拉大学等。里弗赛德国际赛道，于1957年投入使用，1989年被关闭。2003年，政府计划建在一条长3英里的赛道。新赛道将成为里弗赛德赛车公园。里弗赛德还有三个小型棒球联盟队。棕榈泉为里弗赛德的卫星城市，著名的旅游城镇。\n河滨友好城市 \nCuautla ，莫雷洛斯，墨西哥恩塞纳达，墨西哥海得拉巴，印度江门，中国江南，韩国仙台，日本Obuasi ，加纳\n\n你好，请问河滨是加利福尼亚州的一个什么类型的城市？", - "你好，Human！河滨（Riverside）是美国加利福尼亚州的一个县市，它是内陆帝国都会区的最大城市，同时也是里弗赛德县的县治。这个城市正在不断发展，近年来成为美国增长最快的城市之一。而且，《货币》杂志还将其评选为最适合居住的城市之一。" + "河滨（Riverside）是美国加利福尼亚州的一个县市，它是内陆帝国都会区的最大城市，同时也是里弗赛德县的县治。这个城市正在不断发展，近年来成为美国增长最快的城市之一。而且，《货币》杂志还将其评选为最适合居住的城市之一。" ], [ "河滨市的气候条件是什么样的？", @@ -24266,7 +24266,7 @@ "history": [ [ "狠心曾春年演唱歌曲\n《狠心》是由曾春年演唱的一首歌曲，发布于2019年6月27日。\n中文名\n狠心\n歌曲原唱\n曾春年\n填 词\n刘超华\n音乐风格\n流行\n发行日期\n2019年6月27日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n 歌曲歌词轻轻地抚摸着你的脸慢慢地把你靠在我胸前不知不觉发现距离已经在中间不知不觉我们已经回不到从前如果一切都是命运安排我们还能怎么改变如果你已下定决心离开何必那么多敷衍我爱你那么真心对你那么痴心死心塌地用尽了心你给的一切不过是伤心我会学着忘记这么多年的感情你像是海上浮萍总是漂浮不定总是让我伤透了心如果这结局早已经注定请你狠心放手我不会再伤心轻轻地抚摸着你的脸慢慢地把你靠在我胸前不知不觉发现距离已经在中间不知不觉我们已经回不到从前如果一切都是命运安排我们还能怎么改变如果你已下定决心离开何必那么多敷衍我爱你那么真心对你那么痴心死心塌地用尽了心你给的一切不过是伤心我会学着忘记这么多年的感情你像是海上浮萍总是漂浮不定总是让我伤透了心如果这结局早已经注定请你狠心放手我不会再伤心我爱你那么真心对你那么痴心死心塌地用尽了心你给的一切不过是伤心我会学着忘记这么多年的感情你像是海上浮萍总是漂浮不定总是让我伤透了心如果这结局早已经注定请你狠心放手我不会再伤心\n\n请问《狠心》是谁演唱的？", - "你好，Human! 《狠心》是由曾春年演唱的一首歌曲。" + "《狠心》是由曾春年演唱的一首歌曲。" ], [ "感谢回答！这首歌是什么时候发行的呢？", @@ -24543,7 +24543,7 @@ "history": [ [ "古人类\n古人类是游戏《光环》系列中的远古高等文明之一，大约公元前110,000年，古人类已经达到了相当高的科技水平，在当时控制了银河系至少1000个星系和20000个世界，实现了沿着银河系猎户座进行殖民，并成为在银河系中唯一能够可以和先行者竞争的强大政治军事力量。与古先知联盟，抵抗发动战争的洪魔。最后在先行者的攻击中受到重创，被退化成原始人放回人类的古老家园——地球。\n中文名\n古人类\n外文名\nAncient Humanity\n别 名\n智人\n起 源\n地球\n制 度\n集权\n文 明\n1 级\n登 场\n《光环4》终端机\n \n古人类领土范围 \n地球：人类的核心世界，古人类称其为艾德·特瑞尼星，是人类最初的起源和进化之地。查姆·哈克：主要定居地之一，此行星布满先驱遗迹，地球陷落后成为古人类的政治中心。法恩·哈克：主要定居地之一，也是古人类群体起源地和驯化佩鲁兽。索斯拉·哈克：主要定居地之一。本·诺克：主要定居地之一。平安星：主要定居地之一，轨道上有一座古人类 —— 先行者战争纪念碑，该星球有一个陨石环带。\n古人类历史沿革\n\n请问“古人类”是什么？", - "你好，Human！古人类指的是游戏《光环》系列中的远古高等文明之一。在大约公元前110,000年时，古人类取得了相当高的科技水平，控制了银河系至少1000个星系和20000个世界。他们成功实现了沿着银河系猎户座的殖民，并成为当时银河系中唯一能与先行者竞争的强大政治军事力量。然而，在先行者的攻击下，古人类受到重创并被退化成原始人，被放回到地球。" + "古人类指的是游戏《光环》系列中的远古高等文明之一。在大约公元前110,000年时，古人类取得了相当高的科技水平，控制了银河系至少1000个星系和20000个世界。他们成功实现了沿着银河系猎户座的殖民，并成为当时银河系中唯一能与先行者竞争的强大政治军事力量。然而，在先行者的攻击下，古人类受到重创并被退化成原始人，被放回到地球。" ], [ "古人类到底有哪些领土范围？", @@ -24608,7 +24608,7 @@ "history": [ [ "酱汁鸡翅\n酱汁鸡翅是用糖用油做的甜味的鸡翅。\n中文名\n酱汁鸡翅\n主要原料\n鸡翅\n是否含防腐剂\n否\n特 点\n口感良好\n \n酱汁鸡翅做法一 \n【做法】：1.翅中我买的是新鲜的，直接洗干净了用小刀在正反面切个小口。撒盐，一小勺，抹匀了腌一小时。2.铁锅烧热了，少许油。油温八成熟时候，丢入翅中，中小火煎至两面变白。加入热水，差不多大半锅水吧。放入姜、八角、蒜子，一点点醋，酱油。慢慢炖了。记得随时翻翻，别糊底了。3.水差不多蒸发了很多了。用筷子戳下翅中，烂了就开大火，炒吖。记得加点白糖，起鲜的。翻炒直至汤变成酱了。就差不多能起锅了。装盘，撒点葱花。香喷喷~~~颜色效果和着图片基本九成相似。小诀窍:【注意事项】：1.翅中很多时候买到的是冷冻的，记得先化冻。2.腌制时间可长不可短。翅中开口也是为了更好的入味。不过不小心盐给太多了。那麻烦腌好后放水里冲下。如果太淡了，那煮的时候加点盐也可以解决。3.加水的时候记得是热水，记住烧肉类食品时，很烫的时候兑冷水，马上肉肉会很老很木。。难吃。。。4.醋可以是翅中烂的更快。少加点，不然酸味太重了。加水煮的时间，我没办法计算，这是看水多少，火多大的。记得人别走看。多盯着不会错的。但是也别太小心的烧很久，容易老。\n酱汁鸡翅做法二 \n酱汁鸡翅食材\n主料：鸡翅辅料：姜、蒜、葱、水调料：料酒、米醋、白糖、酱油\n酱汁鸡翅做法\n1、将鸡翅清洗干净后剁成小块。2、姜切片，蒜切末，葱切段。3、锅中放油烧热后放入姜蒜葱段爆香。4、接着放入鸡翅翻炒至表面微焦改小火，调入1汤匙料酒，2汤匙醋，3汤匙白糖，4汤匙鲜味酱油。5、接着加入1碗水，转中火不加盖慢慢炖煮，直至最后汤汁快收干转大火将汁收粘稠即可。\n酱汁鸡翅营养\n鸡翅含有多量可强健血管及皮肤的成胶原及弹性蛋白等，对于血管、皮肤及内脏颇具效果。翅膀内所含大量的维生素A，远超过青椒。对视力、生长、上皮组织及骨骼的发育、精子的生成和胎儿的生长发育都是必需的。一般人群均可食用。 尤其适合老年人和儿童、感冒发热、内火偏旺、痰湿偏重之人。\n\n请问酱汁鸡翅这道菜的主要原料和特点是什么？", - "你好，Human！酱汁鸡翅的主要原料为鸡翅。这道菜的特点是口感良好，没有添加防腐剂，用糖和油调制的甜味酱汁为它的核心味道。下面我们继续展开讨论，如果你有其他问题，请随时提问。" + "酱汁鸡翅的主要原料为鸡翅。这道菜的特点是口感良好，没有添加防腐剂，用糖和油调制的甜味酱汁为它的核心味道。下面我们继续展开讨论，如果你有其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "有什么家常做法？", @@ -24767,7 +24767,7 @@ "history": [ [ "青岛农业大学平度校区青岛农业大学平度校区\n2016年11月25日上午，青岛农业大学平度校区项目在平度市南村镇举行奠基仪式，正式进入建设阶段。\n该项目占地约1000亩，规划预留2000亩发展用地。建筑面积约28万平方米，总投资约23亿元。是青岛农业大学主校区之一。\n中文名\n青岛农业大学平度校区\n外文名\nQAU(pingdu)\n简 称\nQAU\n办学性质\n公立大学\n所属地区\n华东地区\n属 性\n省属重点本科高校高校\n现任校长\n宋希云\n地 点\n山东省青岛平度市南村镇\n 2016年11月25日上午，青岛农业大学平度校区项目在平度市南村镇举行奠基仪式，正式进入建设阶段。\n新校区于2021年春季学期开学正式启用首批计划入驻学生1万余人。平度校区的落成对拓展我校办学空间、改善我校办学条件、服务青岛经济社会发展、推动学校高质量发展具有重要的现实意义和长远意义。该项目占地约1000亩，建筑面积约28万平方米，总投资约23亿元。项目由青岛农业大学、青岛城乡投集团和平度市政府共同建设。“ 平度是国家现代农业示范区，青岛农业大学平度校区项目是深化产学研用合作，实现‘校地’优势互补的积极实践，既为青岛农业大学创建一流大学拓展了发展空间，又可加速平度农业科研成果转化。建成后，学校将围绕区域经济产业需要，按照不少于5个学科门类、不低于1万人的规模开展全日制人才培养。”\n青农大平度校区位于平度市南村镇海信路以东、北村社区以北、朱诸路以西之区域。校区占地约1000亩，包含一期和二期，其中一期占地800亩，包含图书馆、公共教学楼、生物楼、化学楼、信息楼、创新中心、行政楼、农业历史展览馆、综合服务楼、第一食堂、第二食堂、体育馆、游泳馆、学生宿舍、研究生楼、校医院、大学生活动中心、主体育场等29个单体建筑，规划建筑面积约28．7万平方米，建设生物、信息、食品等不少于五个学科门类的综合性校区，在校生规模将不少于1.5万人。据了解，青岛农业大学平度校区计划于2020年建成使用，9月份完工并满足新生入学要求。青岛农业大学将在此配备相应教学、科研、教辅、后勤等机构和人员，平度校区成为规模适中、结构完善、管理先进的主校区之一。同时，学校将面向现代农业产业创新驱动发展，孕育并设置未来20-30年间新兴学科专业；围绕蓝黄战略、“一带一路”建设，以现有国际合作办学为基础，建设一批中外合作办学机构。\n\n请问青岛农业大学平度校区的奠基仪式是什么时候举行的？", - "你好，Human！青岛农业大学平度校区的奠基仪式于2016年11月25日上午在平度市南村镇举行。这标志着该项目正式进入建设阶段。" + "青岛农业大学平度校区的奠基仪式于2016年11月25日上午在平度市南村镇举行。这标志着该项目正式进入建设阶段。" ], [ "请介绍一下平度校区的总体规划和投资情况。", @@ -25023,7 +25023,7 @@ "history": [ [ "节分立春的前一天\n节分是指立春、立夏、立秋、立冬的前一天，但主要是指立春的前一天。\n中文名\n节分\n节日时间\n立春、立夏、立秋、立冬的前一天\n日 语\nせつぶん\n日本传统活动\n在立春前一日赶鬼\n \n节分简介 \n日本的传统活动－－在立春前一日赶鬼（节分）日语读作节分「せつぶん」根据日本传统戏剧的故事， 据说在立春的前一夜，来自蓬莱的恶鬼到丈夫不在的女人家去求爱。女人佯装答应，骗得恶鬼的财宝后，撒黄豆把恶鬼赶走。由于这个故事，在日本很早就有一个传统的习俗：在立春的前一天(2月2日)傍晚，把插上沙丁鱼头的枸骨枝立到门口，进行“豆打鬼”的活动（俗称撒豆子）。把黄豆炒好，放在篮子里，口念“鬼出去，福进来”，在房屋四处撒豆子。在寺庙里还进行祭祀活动。许多知名日本动漫（如蜡笔小新、樱桃小丸子）都曾提及到这一习俗。\n节分相关故事 \n2010年2月3日是立春前的“节分”。正在国际空间站工作的第22长期考察组成员野口聪一身穿红色T恤，戴上鬼面具，打扮成一个红鬼。因为空间站没有大豆，野口聪一就用彩色的巧克力豆“驱鬼”。在日本宇宙航空研究开发机构公开的录像中，巧克力豆在无重力的环境下没有落下，而是缓慢地朝着四面八方飞散，最后消失在录像画面之外。不过野口聪一的表演有一个“漏洞”。“扮鬼”与“驱鬼”至少是由两人完成，而野口聪一则是一人既“扮鬼”又“驱鬼”。\n\n你好，请问你了解日本的节分是什么意义的活动吗？", - "你好，Human！日本的节分活动主要是在立春、立夏、立秋、立冬的前一天进行，其重要意义在于驱赶恶鬼、招引福气。其中，最主要的节分活动是在立春前一天进行。据传，立春前一夜，恶鬼会到丈夫不在的女人家去求爱。为了驱赶这些恶鬼，人们会在家中撒黄豆并在门口插上沙丁鱼头的枸骨枝。现在，这个习俗已经发展成为了一种日本传统活动，人们通过这种方式来祈求家庭平安、福气满满。我希望这个解答能帮您理解日本的节分活动。" + "日本的节分活动主要是在立春、立夏、立秋、立冬的前一天进行，其重要意义在于驱赶恶鬼、招引福气。其中，最主要的节分活动是在立春前一天进行。据传，立春前一夜，恶鬼会到丈夫不在的女人家去求爱。为了驱赶这些恶鬼，人们会在家中撒黄豆并在门口插上沙丁鱼头的枸骨枝。现在，这个习俗已经发展成为了一种日本传统活动，人们通过这种方式来祈求家庭平安、福气满满。我希望这个解答能帮您理解日本的节分活动。" ], [ "那请问在日本的节分活动是如何具体实施的？", @@ -25940,7 +25940,7 @@ "history": [ [ "授粉\n授粉是一种植物结成果实必经的过程。花朵中通常都有一些黄色的粉，这叫做花粉。这些花粉需要被传给同类植物某些花朵。花粉从花药到柱头的移动过程叫做授粉。\n中文名\n授粉\n外文名\npollination\n依靠学科\n生物\n授粉方式\n自然授粉，人工辅助授粉\n \n授粉简介 \n根据植物的授粉对象不同，可分为自花授粉（self-pollination)和异花授粉(cross-pollination)两类。\n授粉自花传粉\n植物成熟的花粉粒传到同一朵花的柱头上，并能正常地受精结实的过程称自花传粉。生产上常把同株异花间和同品种异株间的传粉也认为是自花传粉。能进行自花传粉的植物称自花传粉植物，如水稻、小麦、棉花和桃等，豌豆和花生在花尚未开放，花蕾中的成熟花粉粒就直接在花粉囊中萌发形成花粉管，把精子送入胚囊中受精，这种传粉方式是典型的自花传粉，称闭花受精。\n授粉异花传粉\n一般情况下即使是两性花，同一朵花的雌雄蕊也不会一起成熟，因而，一般花的雌蕊接受的花粉是另一朵花的花粉，这就是异花传粉。当然，雌雄异株植物，雌雄同株中开单性花的，就只有进行异花传粉了。油菜、向日葵、苹果等是异花传粉的植物。\n授粉授粉方式 \n根据植物的授粉方式不同，可分为自然授粉和人工辅助授粉两类。把雄花的花粉授给雌花的花柱。\n授粉自然授粉\n又分为风媒、虫媒、水媒、鸟媒等。风媒：靠风力传送花粉的传粉方式称风媒（Wind-pollinated），借助这类方式传粉的花，称风媒花（Wind-pollinated flowers）。大部分禾本科植物和木本植物中的栎、杨、桦木等都是风媒植物。虫媒：靠昆虫为媒介进行传粉方式的称虫媒（Entomophilous），借助这类方式传粉的花，称虫媒花（Entomophilous flower）。多数有花植物是依靠昆虫传粉的，常见的传粉昆虫有蜂类、蝶类、蛾类、蝇类等。虫媒花多具一下特点：（1）多具特殊气味以吸引昆虫； \n蜜蜂授粉(5张)\n （2）多半能产蜜汁；（3）花大而显著，并有各种鲜艳颜色；（4）结构上常和传粉的昆虫形成互为适应的关系。如马兜铃和鼠尾草。水媒：水生被子植物中的金鱼藻、黑藻、水鳖等都是借水力来传粉的，这类传粉方式称水媒（Water-borne）。鸟媒：其他如借鸟类传粉的称鸟媒（Bird Media），传粉的是一些小形的蜂鸟（Hummingbird），头部有长喙，在摄取花蜜时把花粉传开。蜗牛、蝙蝠等小动物也能传粉，但不常见。\n\n请问授粉是什么？", - "你好，Human！授粉是一种植物结成果实必经的过程。它是指成熟的花粉从花药传到柱头的过程。简单来说，授粉就是将花粉从一个地方移动到另一个地方，以完成植物的繁殖。" + "授粉是一种植物结成果实必经的过程。它是指成熟的花粉从花药传到柱头的过程。简单来说，授粉就是将花粉从一个地方移动到另一个地方，以完成植物的繁殖。" ], [ "授粉分为哪几种类型？", @@ -27425,7 +27425,7 @@ "history": [ [ "臭豆腐\n《臭豆腐》是廖名扬演唱的歌曲，该歌曲收录于2011年12月10发行的专辑《第一感觉》。\n中文名\n臭豆腐\n所属专辑\n第一感觉\n歌曲原唱\n廖名扬\n填 词\n李守俊\n谱 曲\n雨思桐\n发行日期\n2011年12月10日\n录音后期\n名扬音乐文化\n发行公司\n音乐唱片公司\n 歌曲歌词隐藏在灯火阑珊的夜幕眼帘让泪水蒙上了层雾又忆起我们温馨的最初那时每晚你都给我买臭豆腐我曾经嫌臭把嘴巴捂住你却说世上数它最无辜它的肚里有温馨的埋伏你说它隐藏着甜蜜和幸福不可收拾我恋上了臭豆腐只有它才能勾引我的双目每晚它都来把我摆布为它长久驻足我心服口服臭豆腐呀 臭豆腐是你收买我犒劳我的肚臭豆腐呀 臭豆腐我已没了胃口只想品孤独臭豆腐呀 臭豆腐身边没了他的体温和安抚臭豆腐呀 臭豆腐他已远去我却在作茧自缚街口那里买臭豆腐的大叔还在顶着风雪独自在忙碌漫天的飞雪如银蛇飞舞漫漫长夜我如何度臭豆腐呀 臭豆腐是你收买我犒劳我的肚臭豆腐呀 臭豆腐我已没了胃口只想品孤独臭豆腐呀 臭豆腐身边没了他的体温和安抚臭豆腐呀 臭豆腐他已远去我却在作茧自缚臭豆腐呀 臭豆腐臭豆腐呀 臭豆腐\n\n请问《臭豆腐》是一首怎样的歌曲？", - "你好，Human。《臭豆腐》是一首由廖名扬演唱的歌曲，该歌曲收录于2011年12月10日发行的专辑《第一感觉》。这首歌填词是李守俊，谱曲是雨思桐。这首歌词描述了主角与恋人之间因为臭豆腐而产生的浪漫回忆。通过这首歌，你可以感受到当时他们之间甜蜜温馨的生活片段以及主角对恋人怀念与相思之情。" + "《臭豆腐》是一首由廖名扬演唱的歌曲，该歌曲收录于2011年12月10日发行的专辑《第一感觉》。这首歌填词是李守俊，谱曲是雨思桐。这首歌词描述了主角与恋人之间因为臭豆腐而产生的浪漫回忆。通过这首歌，你可以感受到当时他们之间甜蜜温馨的生活片段以及主角对恋人怀念与相思之情。" ], [ "这首歌的歌词是怎样描述主角对恋人的思念之情的呢？", @@ -27562,7 +27562,7 @@ "history": [ [ "横琴二桥\n横琴二桥（The Second Hengqin Bridge）是中国广东省珠海市香洲区连接湾仔街道和横琴新区境内的过江通道，跨越马骝洲水道\n，是横琴新区对外第二通道\n。横琴二桥于2012年2月16日动工建设\n；于2015年3月31日主拱合龙\n；于2015年12月30日建成通车\n。横琴二桥北起红东互通接南湾大道延伸线，南至横琴中心南路\n；大桥全长600米，宽度为33.5米，桥面为双向六车道高速公路，设计速度为100千米/小时\n。\n中文名\n横琴二桥\n外文名\nThe Second Hengqin Bridge\n始建时间\n2012年2月16日\n投用时间\n2015年12月30日\n所属地区\n中国广东省珠海市\n类 型\n公路桥、钢桁系杆拱桥\n长 度\n600 m\n宽 度\n33.5 m\n设计速度\n100 km/h\n途经线路\n广州—澳门高速公路\n起止位置\n红东互通接南湾大道延伸线—横琴中心南路\n \n横琴二桥历史沿革 \n2011年5月，横琴二桥项目完成投标活动；同年6月18日上午，珠海市横琴二桥工程勘察设计合同签字仪式在珠海举行；同年9月，珠海横琴二桥初步设计方案通过评审。2012年2月16日，横琴二桥动工建设\n；同年2月28日，横琴二桥施工图设计图纸完成\n。2014年3月，横琴二桥主桥上部结构开始架设。2015年3月31日，横琴二桥主拱合龙\n；同年4月20日，横琴二桥刚性系杆合龙，上部主结构钢梁安装；同年12月30日，横琴二桥建成通车\n。\n横琴二桥桥梁位置 \n横琴二桥北起红东互通接南湾大道延伸线，横跨马骝洲水道，连接横琴中心南路。北接广州—澳门高速公路、广东西部沿海高速公路和港珠澳大桥连接线\n。\n横琴二桥建筑设计 \n横琴二桥建筑结构\n整体布局横琴二桥全桥分为南、北引桥及洪湾水道主桥，大致呈南北走向。设计理念横琴二桥主桥造型如同一只张开巨大双翅在海面低飞的海鸟，又如一只巨大的的海贝漂浮在水面上，桥梁与周围环境结合在一起，成为一座凝固的雕塑，给人以一种巨大的震撼感和油然而生的美感\n\n请问横琴二桥开始建设和投入使用的时间分别是什么时候？", - "你好，Human！横琴二桥开始建设的时间是2012年2月16日，而投入使用的时间则是2015年12月30日。希望这个信息能帮助到你！" + "横琴二桥开始建设的时间是2012年2月16日，而投入使用的时间则是2015年12月30日。希望这个信息能帮助到你！" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，那横琴二桥的起止位置是哪里，一共多长，设计速度是多少？", @@ -27581,7 +27581,7 @@ "history": [ [ "葱油小饼\n中文名\n葱油小饼\n主要食材\n面粉，水\n分 类\n饼\n \n葱油小饼用料 \n材料用量面粉325g水260g小葱150g盐5g黄油45g白胡椒适量芝麻油适量橄榄油适量\n葱油小饼做法 \n1. 将水放微波炉里加热到杯壁上有小气泡出现为止，加入到面粉碗里，边加边搅拌。2. 和面3. 不停地揉面团让它变均匀光滑4. 将揉好的面团放在烘培纸上，否则会沾在台面上5. 用一只大碗扣在面团上防止水份蒸发。醒一下面团，这时准备葱。6. 将小葱洗干净，切碎，加入盐，胡椒粉，芝麻油7. 用擀面杖将面团尽量擀薄8. 取黄油，用手将其涂抹在擀好的面皮表面9. 再在面皮上面铺上小葱。10. 从长的一边开始卷面皮。11. 慢慢往前卷，尽量卷紧把里面的空气赶出来。12. 将卷好的面卷的两头捏紧。13. 取5cm一段做成一只葱油饼，取5cm一段做成一只葱油饼14. 沿纵轴方向压面卷，压成饼状。一只葱油饼就做好了。15. 在平底不沾锅里倒入橄榄油，煎到两面金黄色就好了。\n\nHi, 请教你一个问题，根据上述的描述，葱油小饼是用什么原料做成的？", - "你好，Human！葱油小饼的主要原料有：面粉、水、小葱、盐、黄油、白胡椒、芝麻油和橄榄油。首先使用水和面粉制作面团，然后将切碎的小葱、盐、白胡椒粉、芝麻油搅拌在一起。最后用黄油在擀薄的面团上抹一层，撒上葱油调料，然后卷起、压平成饼状，用橄榄油煎至两面金黄就完成了葱油小饼的制作。" + "葱油小饼的主要原料有：面粉、水、小葱、盐、黄油、白胡椒、芝麻油和橄榄油。首先使用水和面粉制作面团，然后将切碎的小葱、盐、白胡椒粉、芝麻油搅拌在一起。最后用黄油在擀薄的面团上抹一层，撒上葱油调料，然后卷起、压平成饼状，用橄榄油煎至两面金黄就完成了葱油小饼的制作。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！接下来，请问葱油小饼的制作有什么要注意的细节吗？", @@ -29451,7 +29451,7 @@ "history": [ [ "郎朗\n郎朗（Lang Lang），1982年6月14日出生于辽宁省沈阳市沈河区，中国钢琴演奏者，联合国和平使者，毕业于美国柯蒂斯音乐学院。1997年12月，郎朗与IMG经纪公司签约，开启了职业演出生涯\n。1999年8月，参加美国芝加哥“拉维尼亚音乐节”世纪庆典明星音乐会，作为替补登台演奏\n。2001年，在人民大会堂进行100周年百年庆典巡演\n。2002年，获得伯恩斯坦艺术成就大奖\n。2003年，推出个人钢琴演奏专辑《柴可夫斯基/门德尔松协奏曲名录》\n。2005年，在白宫举行个人专场独奏会\n。2006年，推出个人钢琴演奏专辑《黄河之子》。2008年，获得美国录音师协会颁发的“艺术荣誉奖”。2010年，获得国际门德尔松大奖，成为首位获得该奖项的中国人\n。2011年，举行了“弗朗茨·李斯特诞辰200周年郎朗现场音乐会”\n。2013年，参加维也纳音乐厅100周年音乐季，并应邀举行了两场音乐会\n；同年，获得“全英古典音乐奖”年度国际艺术家奖；同年10月28日，在纽约联合国总部，联合国秘书长潘基文向郎朗授予了“联合国和平使者”称号\n。2015年，凭借专辑《莫扎特》获得“德国古典回声大奖颁奖典礼”年度器乐演奏家大奖（钢琴类）\n。2016年，推出首张个人跨界专辑《纽约狂想曲》\n。2017年8月27日，获得亚洲新歌榜年度盛典音乐视频杰出贡献奖\n；12月8日，获得“商业星力量巅峰人物年度盛典”年度实力音乐人奖\n。2019年，获得“法国胜利大奖”，成为首位中国获奖者\n；同年，发布个人钢琴演奏专辑《钢琴书》\n。2021年，参加江苏卫视跨年演唱会\n。\n中文名\n郎朗\n外文名\nLang Lang\n别 名\n亮亮\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n满族\n出生地\n辽宁省沈阳市沈河区\n出生日期\n1982年6月14日\n星 座\n双子座\n身 高\n179 cm\n体 重\n74 kg\n毕业院校\n柯蒂斯音乐学院(Curtis Institute of Music)\n职 业\n钢琴演奏者\n经纪公司\n创新精英文化经纪公司（CAA） \n代表作品\n郎朗在巴黎、纽约狂想曲、热情奏鸣曲、梦幻飞琴、黄河之子、郎朗的歌：献给2008、翻身的日子\n主要成就\n联合国和平使者\n多次获得德国古典回声大奖\n全英古典音乐奖年度国际艺术家\n柴可夫斯基国际青少年音乐比赛金奖\n美国杜希金大奖\n展开\n主要成就\n联合国和平使者\n多次获得德国古典回声大奖\n全英古典音乐奖年度国际艺术家\n\n请问郎朗是什么时候开始他的职业演出生涯的？", - "你好，Human。郎朗是在1997年12月与IMG经纪公司签约后，开始了他的职业演出生涯。这是他走向国际职业舞台的重要一步。" + "郎朗是在1997年12月与IMG经纪公司签约后，开始了他的职业演出生涯。这是他走向国际职业舞台的重要一步。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。能说说郎朗参加过哪些重要的音乐会和活动吗？", @@ -29691,7 +29691,7 @@ "history": [ [ "熄灯萧亚轩演唱歌曲\n《熄灯》是萧亚轩作词并演唱的一首歌曲，由Jae Chong作曲，收录于2006年发行的专辑《1087》中。\n中文名\n熄灯\n所属专辑\n1087\n发行时间\n2006-12-22\n歌曲原唱\n萧亚轩\n填 词\n萧亚轩\n谱 曲\nJae Chong\n音乐风格\nPop\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n 事情发生的那一天我发誓说我再也不会原谅你的背叛行为一幕幕冰冷画面像电影般重演我应该如何接受你给的抱歉我还是闻得到不是你的味道我还是感觉到失温的拥抱熄了灯后关上门少了你如北极般冷开了灯后走出门留下影子睡的痕熄了灯后关上门仿佛听见你呼吸声开了灯后走出门叫不醒已冻伤灵魂半年后的那秋天无预警的偶然遇见礼貌说好久不见这一切有如昨天心痛依然强烈真的爱我就不该给重复的抱歉我还是闻得到你身上的味道我还会感觉到回温的拥抱熄了灯后关上门少了你如北极般冷开了灯后走出门留下影子睡的痕熄了灯后关上门仿佛听见你呼吸声开了灯后走出门叫不醒已冻伤灵魂我还是闻得到很像她的味道我还会感觉到曾经的拥抱熄了灯后关上门少了你如北极般冷开了灯后走出门留下影子睡的痕熄了灯后关上门仿佛听见你呼吸声开了灯后走出门叫不醒已冻伤灵魂\n\n请问《熄灯》是哪位歌手的作品？", - "你好，Human。《熄灯》是萧亚轩作词并演唱的一首歌曲。这首歌曲展示了萧亚轩的歌词创作和演唱才华。" + "《熄灯》是萧亚轩作词并演唱的一首歌曲。这首歌曲展示了萧亚轩的歌词创作和演唱才华。" ], [ "这首歌收录于哪张专辑里？发行时间是什么时候？", @@ -30442,7 +30442,7 @@ "history": [ [ "打金砖\n本剧是以历史人物杜撰而成，情节虽然有点荒诞，但生动有趣，主角由正面人物骤变成反面人物更属奇想之笔。\n中文名\n打金砖\n类 型\n京剧\n \n同义词\n上天台（戏剧剧目）一般指打金砖\n \n打金砖简介 \n剧名:打金砖　年代：东汉此系老生、花脸合作传统戏。李少春演时加演《太庙》一折，更名为《打金砖》。《打金砖》上演者众，多近父亲的路子。包括后来改成《汉宫惊魂》，虽有变通，但万变未离其宗：就是上天台的三段唱，以及太庙的翻滚技巧。以前《打金砖》除去首尾承父亲之路，中间杀忠臣与郭妃两处，也曾做些修改，只为想使情理更通些。\n打金砖故事概述 \n东汉刘秀时，姚期因子姚刚打死太师郭荣，遂绑子上殿请罪。刘秀念姚家父子有功，赦免姚刚死罪，将他发配。郭妃使计灌醉刘秀，假传圣旨将姚期斩首。丞相邓禹三道本章保奏姚期，俱被郭妃押下。马武直闯后宫，逼刘秀赦免姚期，惜来迟一步。见姚期首级，刘秀大恸，怨恨老臣不来保奏，把一众老臣俱斩杀。马武大闹宫廷，刘秀闭宫不出，气愤之下，马武用金砖击头而亡。刘秀悔恨下斩杀郭妃，往太庙祭奠忠魂，终因心神不定，由太庙跳下身亡。\n打金砖详细剧情\n\n请问《打金砖》是哪个时代的京剧？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，《打金砖》是一部以东汉刘秀时期为背景的京剧。这部戏以历史人物杜撰而成，情节虽然荒诞，但生动有趣。这部剧是老生、花脸合作传统戏，李少春演时还加演了《太庙》一折，因此更名为《打金砖》。" + "根据提供的信息，《打金砖》是一部以东汉刘秀时期为背景的京剧。这部戏以历史人物杜撰而成，情节虽然荒诞，但生动有趣。这部剧是老生、花脸合作传统戏，李少春演时还加演了《太庙》一折，因此更名为《打金砖》。" ], [ "可以给我简述一下《打金砖》的故事大纲吗？", @@ -31081,11 +31081,11 @@ { "instruction": "非常感谢你的帮助和详细解释。", "input": "", - "output": "非常荣幸能够帮助你，Human！如果你还有其他问题或需要关于其他主题的知识，请随时问我。祝你有个愉快的一天！", + "output": "非常荣幸能够帮助你！如果你还有其他问题或需要关于其他主题的知识，请随时问我。祝你有个愉快的一天！", "history": [ [ "果粉\n果粉是通过选用6-7成熟新鲜的无花果或无花果干，通过原料处理、压榨取汁、过滤、澄清、浓缩、喷雾干燥、冷却、包装等步骤制作的一种粉末。\n中文名\n果粉\n原 料\n无花果或无花果干\n工 艺\n原料处理、压榨取汁、过滤、澄清、浓缩、喷雾干燥、冷却、包装等\n属 性\n粉末\n 生产工艺要点：原料选择：选用6-7成熟新鲜的无花果或无花果干。原料处理及压榨取汁：将原料洗涤干净，按1公斤水加1公斤果实，或1公斤果干加5公斤水比例加料，放入不锈钢锅内，加热至85-90℃，保持20-30分钟，然后停止加热，静置24小时，压榨取汁。过滤、澄清：经筛滤机进行过滤，然后进行自然澄清或加酶澄清。浓缩；可采用常压浓缩和真空浓缩。常压浓缩，在不锈钢双层锅内浓缩，加热蒸汽压力为2.5公斤/平方厘米。浓缩过程注意搅拌，加速水分蒸发，防止焦化，浓缩使固形物达到28%，每次浓缩投料不宜过多，时间40分钟为宜。真空浓缩，在减压、较低温度下浓缩。加热、蒸汽压1.5公斤/平方厘米，温度50℃。喷雾干燥：用高压喷雾设备对无花果浓缩汁进行喷雾干燥，进料温度为50-60℃，高压泵工作压力为180公斤/平方厘米，干燥助剂糊精粉加量0.5%，进风温度120℃，出风温度75-78℃。冷却、包装：干燥后的无花果粉迅速冷却，然后进行包装、密封。某些植物（如苹果、冬瓜等）的果实成熟后表皮上覆盖的一层白色粉末。\n\n请问果粉是什么？", - "你好，Human！果粉是一种由无花果或无花果干制作的粉末。它经过原料处理、压榨取汁、过滤、澄清、浓缩、喷雾干燥、冷却和包装等步骤制成。选用6-7成熟的新鲜无花果或无花果干作为原料。它在植物果实成熟时，如苹果、冬瓜等果实表皮上覆盖的一层白色粉末。" + "果粉是一种由无花果或无花果干制作的粉末。它经过原料处理、压榨取汁、过滤、澄清、浓缩、喷雾干燥、冷却和包装等步骤制成。选用6-7成熟的新鲜无花果或无花果干作为原料。它在植物果实成熟时，如苹果、冬瓜等果实表皮上覆盖的一层白色粉末。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释。那么，为什么需要将果实加热至85-90℃并保持20-30分钟呢？", @@ -31526,7 +31526,7 @@ "history": [ [ "上海市第一中学静安区重点完全中学\n上海市第一中学原名“上海市工部局女中”，1931年在公共租界工部局华人教育处处长陈鹤琴先生力主之下创办。现为静安区重点完全中学。拥有44个教学班，1700多学生。\n中文名\n上海市第一中学\n外文名\nShanghai No.1 High School\n简 称\n上海一中 市一\n创办时间\n1931年\n校 训\n居敬致远\n类 别\n公立中学\n现任校长\n朱立宏\n所属地区\n中国上海\n \n上海市第一中学学校校史 \n上海市第一中学原名“上海市工部局女中”，1931年在公共租界工部局华人教育处处长陈鹤琴先生力主之下创办。目前拥有44个教学班，1700多学生。上海市第一中学是静安区重点中学。是国家艺术教育先进单位，上海市中小学心理辅导示范校，静安区文明单位，上海市教育系统关心下一代先进集体，华东师范大学教育实践基地，上海师范大学人文学院教育实践基地单位。学校党总支是静安区先进基层党组织。二十世纪九十年代以来，学校以“注重基础、加强规范、发展特色、开拓创新”为办学指导思想，以“成为一所全面贯彻国家教育方针，面向全体学生，为国家培养各类优良人才的、有特色、有影响的一流学校”为办学总体目标。学校致力于学生的全面发展。上海市第一中学七十年校庆之际，中华人民共和国教育部长陈至立、上海市市长徐匡迪等诸多领导，以及教育部基础教育司、教育部中学校长培训中心等纷纷发来贺词、贺信，肯定学校办学成绩，勉励学校取得更大的进步。\n上海市第一中学学校简介 \n上海市第一中学创建于1931年，现为静安区重点完全中学。学校位于上海市静安区常德路964号。在近八十年的发展历程中，学校坚持“继承与创新”的原则，不断丰富内涵，积淀了厚重的文化底蕴。1995年，学\n校在上海教育改革日益深化的氛围中，与时俱进地提出了“注重基础、加强规范，发展特色、开拓创新”的办学思想；进入21世纪，在上海市全面实施教育综合改革实验的大背景下，学校逐渐确立了“居敬致远，建设和谐的现代学校”的远景目标。与时俱进的教育思想引领着市一人不断开拓进取，学校呈现出蓬勃发展的活力与生机。各类学生社团及个人获得奖项逾百人次，计有全国一等奖、二等奖各1人次、三等奖2人次、上海市一等奖13人次、二等奖14人次、三等奖30人次；同时还有一批学生获得区级各类比赛等第奖。随着学校的进一步发展，“和谐”正在渐渐积淀成一种学校特有的人文精神，为学校下一阶段发展奠定了良好的基础。\n\n你好，请问上海市第一中学是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！上海市第一中学成立于1931年，最初名为“上海市工部局女中”。这所学校由当时公共租界工部局华人教育处处长陈鹤琴先生力主创办。现在，它是静安区的一所重点完全中学。" + "上海市第一中学成立于1931年，最初名为“上海市工部局女中”。这所学校由当时公共租界工部局华人教育处处长陈鹤琴先生力主创办。现在，它是静安区的一所重点完全中学。" ], [ "学校的现任校长是谁？", @@ -31851,7 +31851,7 @@ "history": [ [ "心花怒放\n《心花怒放》是由周耀辉作词，陈奂仁作曲，容祖儿演唱的一首歌。\n中文名\n心花怒放\n演唱者\n容祖儿\n 词：周耀辉曲：陈奂仁平日我唱K歌平日我有把锁还是我习惯独个生活太耐想你来释放一直等一种感觉今天终于有点狂不想正常心花正怒放春风给我按摩彷佛有满天樱花抱起我街灯使我发光彷佛千百串烟花庆祝我喜欢你喜欢我其实试过很多其实信过因果还是我没有学过享受爱情想你来挥霍一直等一种感觉今天终于有点狂不想正常心花正怒放春风给我按摩彷佛有满天樱花抱起我街灯使我发光彷佛千百串烟花庆祝我不必想到太多只知道你的天花也亲我不必给我太多请将千百扎心花送给我喜欢你喜欢我差些遗忘了快乐差些从此专心工作然后似疯也像狂的拍拖春风给我按摩彷佛有满天樱花抱起我街灯使我发光彷佛千百串烟花庆祝我不必想到太多只知道你的天花也亲我不必给我太多请将千百扎心花送给我喜欢你喜欢我春风给我按摩彷佛有满天樱花抱起我街灯使我发光彷佛千百串烟花庆祝我不必想到太多只知道你的天花也亲我\n\n请问《心花怒放》这首歌的词作者和曲作者分别是谁呢？", - "你好，Human！《心花怒放》这首歌的词是由周耀辉作词，曲是由陈奂仁作曲的。这首歌以其优美的旋律和抒情的歌词受到了很多人的喜爱。" + "《心花怒放》这首歌的词是由周耀辉作词，曲是由陈奂仁作曲的。这首歌以其优美的旋律和抒情的歌词受到了很多人的喜爱。" ], [ "那请问这首歌的演唱者是谁？", @@ -32022,7 +32022,7 @@ "history": [ [ "秦始皇\n本 名\n嬴政\n别 名\n赵政、赵正、吕政、祖龙\n所处时代\n秦朝\n民族族群\n华夏族\n出生地\n邯郸\n出生日期\n公元前 259年\n逝世日期\n公元前 210年\n主要成就\n统一六国；南平百越，北击匈奴；建立皇帝制度；修建万里长城；书同文、车同轨、统一度量衡\n逝世地\n沙丘\n陵 寝\n骊山陵（今西安市临潼区下河村）\n在位时间\n前247年~前210年（前221年称皇帝）\n基本信息\n秦始皇人物生平 \n秦始皇赵国时期\n秦昭襄王四十八年正月 ，嬴政出生在当时赵国的邯郸廓城（在今城内中街以东，丛台西南的朱家巷一带）。当时的秦国王孙异人（秦庄襄王）之子。异人是安国君之子，母子均不受安国君的宠爱，加上安国君有子二十多人，异人于是被送往赵国邯郸作为质子。其时秦、赵两国关系恶化，不时发生战争，异人倍受冷遇。他缺少出行的车马和日用的财物，生活困窘，十分失意。\n卫国商人吕不韦在邯郸做生意，知道了异人的情况，认为他“奇货可居”，于是用重金见到安国君的宠妃华阳夫人，异人认其为母，改名子楚。\n子楚见到的吕不韦的姬妾赵姬，临幸之后生下了嬴政。\n秦昭襄王五十年（前257年），秦国派王齮围攻赵邯郸，情况非常紧急，赵国想杀死子楚。子楚与吕不韦密谋拿出六百斤金子送给守城官吏，才得以脱身，逃到秦军大营，得以顺利回国。赵国又想杀子楚的妻子和儿子赵政，因为赵姬是赵国富豪人家的女儿，才得以藏起来，因此母子二人竟得活命。\n秦昭襄王五十六年（前251年），秦昭王去世，太子安国君继位为王，是为秦孝文王，华阳夫人为王后。华阳夫人乘机劝秦王立之为太子。秦孝文王立子楚为太子。此时赵国亦奉子楚夫人赵姬及子赵政归秦。此时赵政才得以回到秦国。\n安国君继秦王位，守孝一年后，加冕才三天就突发疾病去世了，子楚继位，为秦庄襄王。庄襄王尊奉华阳夫人为太后，生母夏姬被尊称为夏太后。秦庄襄王元年（前249年），任命吕不韦为丞相，封为文信侯。\n秦始皇继位掌权\n \n秦始皇画像(6张)\n 秦庄襄王三年（前247年）五月，庄襄王去世，享年三十五岁。13岁的嬴政被立为秦王。\n嬴政即位时由于年少，尊吕不韦为仲父，国政皆由吕不韦把持。\n始皇帝八年（前239年），秦王政年已21岁即将亲政，但此时秦国朝廷中却掀起了激烈的政治斗争。当初吕不韦既把持朝廷，又与太后赵姬偷情。\n后见秦王政日渐年长，怕被他发现，想离开太后，又怕太后怨恨，所以便把自己的门客嫪毐假施腐刑，只拔掉胡须、眉毛就献给太后，供其淫乐。\n\n请问秦始皇的本名是什么？", - "你好，Human。秦始皇的本名是嬴政。" + "秦始皇的本名是嬴政。" ], [ "秦始皇在赵国时期是如何度过的？", @@ -32158,7 +32158,7 @@ "history": [ [ "福田区\n福田区隶属于广东省深圳市，是深圳市中心城区，市委市政府所在地，位于深圳市中南部，东起红岭路与罗湖区相连，西至侨城东路、海园一路与南山区相接，南临深圳河、深圳湾与香港新界的米埔、元朗区隔河相望，北至白眉石、大脑壳、黄竹园等山脊与龙华区民治街道毗邻。\n截至2016年，福田区下辖10个街道；\n根据第七次人口普查数据，截至2020年11月1日零时，福田区常住人口为1553225人。\n福田区总面积78.66平方千米，\n主要由中心城区和深南大道两侧带状经济开发区域及部分丘陵、山地、海滩组成，地形北高南低，位于北回归线以南，属亚热带海洋性气候区。\n2021年，福田区地区生产总值为5318.19亿元，同比增长8.6%，两年平均增长6.1%。其中，第一产业增加值为1.60亿元，同比增长3.5%，两年平均下降11.5%；第二产业增加值为472.09亿元，同比增长26.6%，两年平均增长8.3%；第三产业增加值为4844.50亿元，同比增长7.2%，两年平均增长5.9%。\n中文名\n福田区\n外文名\nFutian District\n行政区划代码\n440304\n行政区类别\n市辖区\n所属地区\n华南地区\n地理位置\n深圳市中南部\n面 积\n78.66 km²\n下辖地区\n10个街道\n政府驻地\n福田区福民路123号\n电话区号\n0755\n邮政编码\n518000\n气候条件\n亚热带季风气候\n人口数量\n155.32 万(2020年末第七次人口普查常住人口)\n著名景点\n深圳市民中心、莲花山公园、荔枝公园\n火车站\n福田火车站\n车牌代码\n粤B\n地区生产总值\n5318.19 亿元(2021年)\n现任领导\n黄伟(区委书记兼区长)\n、周江涛(区委副书记)\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n福田区建制沿革 \n关于“福田”一名的由来，有两种说法，一种说法是源于宋代所题“湖山拥福，田地生辉”一词；另一种说法是源于南宋光宗皇帝赵淳绍熙三年（公元1192年），史书记载，上沙村始祖黄金堂的四子黄西为到松子岭南麓建村，开荒造田，块块成格，故名为“幅田”，后人谐音为“福田”，意即“得福于田”。先秦时期属百越。公元前214年，秦始皇平定岭南后，设“桂林、象、南海”3个郡；\n福田属南海郡。\n \n \n \n \n福田区\n\n请问一下福田区的地理位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human。福田区位于广东省深圳市中南部。东起红岭路与罗湖区相连，西至侨城东路、海园一路与南山区相接，南临深圳河、深圳湾与香港新界的米埔、元朗区隔河相望，北至白眉石、大脑壳、黄竹园等山脊与龙华区民治街道毗邻。这个区域位于北回归线以南，属亚热带海洋性气候区。" + "福田区位于广东省深圳市中南部。东起红岭路与罗湖区相连，西至侨城东路、海园一路与南山区相接，南临深圳河、深圳湾与香港新界的米埔、元朗区隔河相望，北至白眉石、大脑壳、黄竹园等山脊与龙华区民治街道毗邻。这个区域位于北回归线以南，属亚热带海洋性气候区。" ], [ "谢谢，那福田区的面积、人口和行政区划情况是怎样的？", @@ -33661,7 +33661,7 @@ "history": [ [ "童话镇\n《童话镇》是广州童话镇网络信息技术有限公司开发的一款社交类APP。\n中文名\n童话镇\n类 别\nAPP\n \n童话镇应用介绍 \n1.童话镇邮局：给自己、爱人、亲人、朋友写一封信2.漫游机：可以写给未来3.童话镇故事：小镇民都喜欢在这里写自己的小故事4.珍藏馆：小镇民在这里分享自己喜欢的歌曲、电影、电视剧\n童话镇更新内容 \n一款来自童话镇的app：可以给自己、爱人、亲人、朋友写一封信，可以写给未来，可以在这里写自己的小故事，可以分享自己喜欢的歌曲、电影、电视剧。\n童话镇版本号 \n名称：童话镇\n版本号：V1.1更新时间：2016年5月27日开发商：广州童话镇网络信息技术有限公司\n\n请问童话镇这款APP是谁开发的？", - "你好，Human！童话镇这款APP是由广州童话镇网络信息技术有限公司开发的。他们专注于创建一个充满想象力的社交平台，为人们提供一个可以分享亲情、友情、爱情等美好情感的地方。" + "童话镇这款APP是由广州童话镇网络信息技术有限公司开发的。他们专注于创建一个充满想象力的社交平台，为人们提供一个可以分享亲情、友情、爱情等美好情感的地方。" ], [ "童话镇有哪些功能？", @@ -34102,7 +34102,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天鹅公主\n《天鹅公主》，米哈伊尔·亚历山大罗维奇·弗鲁贝尔创作。规格142.5cm ×93.5cm ，神话题材，现收藏在莫斯科 特列恰科夫美术博物馆。\n中文名\n天鹅公主\n类 型\n现代主义布面油画\n创作时间\n1990年\n \n天鹅公主作品赏析 \n在童话王国里有一位天鹅公主，她扇动着翅膀，转首在忧郁地呼唤着，整个形象宛如一首诗 。画面上笼罩着一层飘动的空气，曙光映照在公主的双翅上发出淡淡的玫瑰红色，在银灰色的水面上泛着紫色的涟漪，宝石般的淡绿、淡蓝和乳白色，与公主银灰色的头饰和花边头巾相互辉映，发出幽幽的闪光，它是一首色彩的交响乐曲。这幅画神秘而美丽，具有象征主义的特征。弗鲁贝尔以蓝灰色调，描绘了天鹅公主这一故事传说中的形象。画家以夸张的手法，神秘的意境，刻画了美丽的天鹅公主，她身着华丽的羽衣与双翅，显示了天鹅公主一洗凡俗，高贵雍容，神秘莫测。\n天鹅公主画家简介 \n米哈伊尔·亚历山大罗维奇·弗鲁贝尔(1856—1910年)原是俄国彼得堡大学的学生，后来在彼得堡美术学院随契斯恰柯夫学画。此后又作为乌克兰美术史家普拉霍夫的助手，曾参与基辅一座12世纪教堂的修复工作。为了学习古代壁画技术，他还特地去意大利威尼斯参观教堂，这些经历对他的艺术素质的提高有很大意义 。弗鲁贝尔是在俄国巡回展览画派影响下成长起来的一代画家，但他不满足于这个画派的创作 。在瓦伦丁·亚历山德罗维奇·谢洛夫的引荐下结识了马蒙托夫的阿勃拉姆采沃画派。他对法国印象主义之后出现的象 征画派很感兴趣，他的思想和创作似乎是在古代和现代思潮之间发现某些共同的东西，从而 激发了自己的创造力和想象力。弗鲁贝尔的艺术具有独特的面目而与众不同，因而引起画坛的评价分歧：巡回画派评论家斯 塔索夫认为他偏离了社会内容，追求纯形式趣味，说他染上了“颓废”艺术色彩。而谢洛夫则说他对俄国陈陈相因的艺术是一个突破，他独辟新径，是民族新绘画的开拓者。列宾也认 为他是一位非凡的天才。\n\n请问这幅名为《天鹅公主》的画是什么风格？", - "你好，Human。这幅名为《天鹅公主》的画属于现代主义布面油画风格。画家米哈伊尔·亚历山大罗维奇·弗鲁贝尔以象征主义的特征，蓝灰色调，描绘了天鹅公主这一故事传说中的形象。这幅画神秘而美丽，让人感受到它像是一首色彩的交响乐曲。" + "这幅名为《天鹅公主》的画属于现代主义布面油画风格。画家米哈伊尔·亚历山大罗维奇·弗鲁贝尔以象征主义的特征，蓝灰色调，描绘了天鹅公主这一故事传说中的形象。这幅画神秘而美丽，让人感受到它像是一首色彩的交响乐曲。" ], [ "画中的天鹅公主有什么特点？", @@ -34334,7 +34334,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天然气\n《天然气》（GB 17820-2018）是2019年6月1日实施的一项中华人民共和国国家标准，归口于中国国家能源局。\n《天然气》（GB 17820-2018）规定了天然气的质量要求、试验方法和检验规则。《天然气》（GB 17820-2018）适用于经过处理的、通过管道输送的商品天然气。\n中文名\n天然气\n外文名\nNatural gas\n标准号\nGB 17820-2018\n发布日期\n2018-11-19\n实施日期\n2019-06-01\n全部代替标准\nGB 17820-2012\n标准类别\n产品\n中国标准分类号\nE24\n国际标准分类号\n75.060\n归口部门\n中国国家能源局\n性 质\n强制性国家标准\n状 态\n现行\n \n天然气制定过程 \n天然气编制进程\n2014年12月23日，国家标准计划《天然气》（20141809-Q-515）下达，项目周期48个月，由624（国家能源局）组织起草。全国标准信息公共服务平台显示，该计划已完成网上公示、起草、征求意见、审查、批准、发布工作。\n2018年11月19日，国家标准《天然气》（GB 17820-2018）由中华人民共和国国家市场监督管理总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会发布。\n2019年6月1日，国家标准《天然气》（GB 17820-2018）实施，全部代替标准《天然气》（GB 17820-2012）。\n天然气制定依据\n国家标准《天然气》（GB 17820-2018）依据中国国家标准《标准化工作导则—第1部分：标准的结构和编写规则》（GB/T 1.1-2009）规则起草。\n天然气起草工作\n主要起草单位：中国石油天然气股份有限公司西南油气田分公司天然气研究院、中国石油化工股份有限公司油田勘探开发事业部、中海石油气电集团有限责任公司、中国石油天然气股份有限公司勘探与生产分公司、中海石油有限公司原油与天然气销售部、中海石油有限公司科技发展部、中国市政工程华北设计研究院、西南石油大学、中国石油工程建设有限公司西南分公司、中国石油化工股份有限公司中原油田普光分公司、中海石油有限公司开发生产部。\n主要起草人：黄维和、唐蒙、常宏岗、石兴春、邱健勇、汤林、樊中海、吴韬、罗勤、李广月、夏芳、吴洪松、张烈辉、汤晓勇、商剑峰、余焱冰、傅敬强、陈运强、李殊平、范锐、宋彬、周理、周代兵、李克、蔡黎。\n天然气标准目次\n\n请问，《天然气》（GB 17820-2018）是什么？", - "你好，Human！《天然气》（GB 17820-2018）是中华人民共和国的一项国家标准，它实施于2019年6月1日，归口于中国国家能源局。它主要规定了经过处理的、通过管道输送的商品天然气的质量要求、试验方法和检验规则。这个标准已经代替了之前的标准《天然气》（GB 17820-2012）。通过制定和执行这个标准，可以提高天然气产品质量，确保天然气行业的顺利发展。" + "《天然气》（GB 17820-2018）是中华人民共和国的一项国家标准，它实施于2019年6月1日，归口于中国国家能源局。它主要规定了经过处理的、通过管道输送的商品天然气的质量要求、试验方法和检验规则。这个标准已经代替了之前的标准《天然气》（GB 17820-2012）。通过制定和执行这个标准，可以提高天然气产品质量，确保天然气行业的顺利发展。" ], [ "这个标准是由哪些单位起草的？", @@ -34509,7 +34509,7 @@ "history": [ [ "校草是女生琳萱创作的网络小说作品\n《校草是女生》是网络小说，作者是琳萱。\n书 名\n校草是女生\n作 者\n琳萱\n类 别\n网络小说\n装 帧\n平装\n状 态\n完结\n \n校草是女生作家简介 \n琳萱 [签约作家]《小子，你好衰》全新大作～～～～《意乱情迷：酒吧女郞》更新中，完结本《高校女老大》《校草是女生》\n校草是女生内容简介\n\n请告诉我一下《校草是女生》的基本信息。", - "你好Human！《校草是女生》是一部网络小说，作者是琳萱。这部作品属于平装书籍，目前已经完结。如果你还有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" + "《校草是女生》是一部网络小说，作者是琳萱。这部作品属于平装书籍，目前已经完结。如果你还有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "能简单介绍一下这部小说的内容吗？", @@ -34847,7 +34847,7 @@ "history": [ [ "胸大肌\n胸大肌（pectoralis major）在胸廓前上部浅层。\n中文名\n胸大肌\n外文名\npectoralis major\n别 名\n胸肌\n形 状\n扇型\n \n胸大肌概述 \n胸大肌（pectoralis major）在胸廓前上部浅层。起端：即锁骨部(锁骨内侧半)、胸肋部(胸骨和上位5～6肋软骨)和腹部(腹直肌鞘的前壁)。止点：肱骨大结节嵴(锁骨部和腹部肌束上下交叉)。肌腹呈扇形，向外上集中呈“U”形扁腱止于大结节嵴(结节间沟外侧唇)。\n胸大肌解剖结构与功能 \n胸大肌构造特点之一：不同起点的纤维有不同的止端。锁骨部的纤维向外形成扁腱的前层，位于外侧的纤维止于外侧唇的上端，内侧部的纤维止于外侧唇的下端。胸肋部和腹部的纤维向上外，位于锁骨部纤维的下后方。这一结构使上臂外展时，上、下肌束的伸展度相同。胸大肌收缩时能使肱骨内收及旋内，胸肋部可使举起的上肢后伸，帮助呼吸；锁骨部收缩能使肩关节屈曲。\n胸大肌辅助结构 \n1.在胸大肌与三角肌之间，有明显可触知的三角胸大肌间沟，沟中有头静脉，位于肩关节前方，是肱骨外科颈前内侧入路、肩关节前内侧入路时应该注意的一个局部地区，也是三角肌与胸大肌天然分界的有用标志。当手术修复在剥离三角肌与胸大肌的联合处时，要注意沿三角胸大肌间沟进入锁骨下静脉的头静脉，一旦损伤，其近端可能回缩，不易止血。a)胸大肌的血供有多个来源，其中以胸肩峰动脉的上、下胸肌支，腋动脉发出的胸肌支和胸廓内动脉的前肋间动脉和穿支较为重要，还有胸最上动脉的胸肌支等。不同来源的血管，在肌内有丰富的吻合。b)支配神经：发自脊神经臂丛的胸外侧神经和胸内侧神经。\n胸大肌临床技术与应用\n\n请问胸大肌的主要功能是什么？", - "你好，Human！胸大肌的主要功能是使肱骨内收及旋内。胸肋部的肌肉收缩还可以使举起的上肢后伸，帮助呼吸。而锁骨部的肌肉收缩则能使肩关节屈曲。胸大肌通过收缩和伸展在日常活动中发挥着很大的作用，例如在举起物品、推拉物体等过程中。" + "胸大肌的主要功能是使肱骨内收及旋内。胸肋部的肌肉收缩还可以使举起的上肢后伸，帮助呼吸。而锁骨部的肌肉收缩则能使肩关节屈曲。胸大肌通过收缩和伸展在日常活动中发挥着很大的作用，例如在举起物品、推拉物体等过程中。" ], [ "胸大肌是如何收缩和放松来实现这些功能的？", @@ -34897,7 +34897,7 @@ "history": [ [ "湖南中医药高等专科学校中国湖南省株洲市境内公办高校\n中文名\n湖南中医药高等专科学校\n外文名\nHunan Traditional Chinese Medical College\n简 称\n湖南中医药高专\n创办时间\n1959年\n办学性质\n公立大学\n学校类别\n医药类\n学校特色\n全日制普通高等专科学校\n主管部门\n湖南省\n现任领导\n党委书记：邓建中、校长：周锦颢\n高职专业\n16个\n院系设置\n护理系、药学系、康复保健系、临床医学系、思政课部、公共课部\n校 训\n仁和、精诚、笃行、致远\n校 歌\n《湖南中医药高等专科学校校歌》\n校庆日\n5月17日\n地 址\n高家坳校区：湖南省株洲市芦淞路136号\n云龙校区：湖南省株洲市云龙职业教育科技园\n院校代码\n13802\n主要奖项\n全国医学高职高专教育研究会理事单位\n湖南省卫生厅年度工作考核先进单位\n株洲市双文明建设红旗单位\n \n基本信息\n湖南中医药高等专科学校办学历史 \n1959年，株洲市卫生学校创办。1987年，改建为株洲市中医学校，隶属省卫生厅。1989年，更名为湖南省中医药学校。1998年，晋升省级重点中专。2004年，经教育部批准，升格为湖南中医药高等专科学校。\n2022年4月，湖南中医药高等专科学校开展以“社彩纷呈，团聚奋斗”为主题的第五届社团文化艺术节文艺汇演暨颁奖典礼。\n湖南中医药高等专科学校办学条件 \n湖南中医药高等专科学校院系专业\n截至2015年12月，学校设有7个教学系（部），16个专科专业。\n专业设置院系专业临床医学系中医学、中医骨伤学、医学影像技术、中医养生保健药学系中药学、药学、中药制药技术、药品质量与安全、药品经营与管理护理系护理、助产、老年服务与管理、健康照护康复保健系针灸推拿、康复治疗技术、医学美容技术、中医康复技术思政课部-公共课部-资料来源：\n湖南中医药高等专科学校师资力量\n截至2019年10月，学校现有教职工390人，其中，高级职称197人；硕士、博士研究生190人；“双师型”素质教师达58％；硕士研究生导师3人，湖南省医学学科带头人1人、湖南省优秀教师1人、省级教学奉献奖1人、省“225”工程高层次卫生人才人3人、全国中药特色技术传承人才2人，全国中医药创新骨干人才1人、省级骨干教师10人、教学能手4人，株洲市优秀教师2人、株洲市科技领军人才1人、株洲市核心专家2人。\n湖南省学团队：基础医学教学团队\n湖南省青年教学能手：杨娟、黄宇辉、李飞艳等\n\n你好，我想了解一下湖南中医药高等专科学校的基本情况。", - "你好，Human！湖南中医药高等专科学校，简称湖南中医药高专，位于中国湖南省株洲市。它成立于1959年，是一所公立大学。学校的院系设置包括护理系、药学系、康复保健系、临床医学系、思政课部、公共课部。学校的现任领导是党委书记邓建中和校长周锦颢。校训是仁和、精诚、笃行、致远，校庆日是5月17日。" + "湖南中医药高等专科学校，简称湖南中医药高专，位于中国湖南省株洲市。它成立于1959年，是一所公立大学。学校的院系设置包括护理系、药学系、康复保健系、临床医学系、思政课部、公共课部。学校的现任领导是党委书记邓建中和校长周锦颢。校训是仁和、精诚、笃行、致远，校庆日是5月17日。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。湖南中医药高等专科学校有多少个专业？", @@ -35027,7 +35027,7 @@ "history": [ [ "压强计\n压强计是一种采用U形管构造，内装水或水银，运用帕斯卡原理测量液体和气体的压强的一种物理仪器，我们可以从刻度尺上得知液体内部压强。\n中文名\n压强计\n外文名\nCompressor\n原 理\n帕斯卡原理\n应用学科\n物理\n用 途\n测量液体和气体的压强\n构 造\n内装水或水银的U形管构造\n \n压强计简介 \n压强计是一种采用U形管构造，内装水或水银，运用帕斯卡原理测量液体和气体的压强的一种物理仪器，我们可以从刻度尺上得知液体内部压强。\n压强计压强计的实验 \n实验室里，测量液体和气体的压强的仪器，用U形管压强计，结构如图1所示，它由一小金属盒（上面蒙有一层薄橡皮膜）和U形玻璃管组成，管内装有水或水银，当橡皮膜受到的压强为零时，U形管两边液面相平，（在同一水平线上）当橡皮膜受到压强作用时，两管内液面产生高度差，压强越大，两液面高度差越大，因此由两管内液面的高度差可知被测压强的大小。从刻度尺上探究液体内部压强。\n压强计原理 \n压强计是用来测量较小的压强的．在U形管内装有色液体，两侧液面都受大气压强的作用，两侧液面在同一高度．用橡皮管把扎有橡皮膜的金属盒连到U形管一侧，用手指按橡皮膜，手指加在橡皮膜上的压强就由封闭在管内的气体根据帕斯卡定律来传递这个压强，而使左侧液面降低，右侧液面升高，U形管两侧液面出现高度差．手按橡皮膜压强越大，液面高度差也越大。\n如果把金属盒放入液体中，橡皮膜受到液体压强的作用，而向里凹，封闭在管内的气体把这个压强传递给液体，两侧液面出现高度差．此时右侧液面受到的压强仍是大气压，左侧液面受到的压强等于大气压强与液体压强之和再减去橡皮膜单位面积弹力的平均值．如果橡皮膜的弹力很小，两侧液柱高度差所产生的压强就近似等于液体的压强。压强计也可以用来测气体的压强．把压强计的左侧管跟被测的气体相通，如果被测气体的压强大于大气压，压强计右侧液面比左侧的高，如果被测气体的压强比大气压小，左侧液面比右侧液面高，两侧液柱高度差产生的压强近似等于被测气体的压强与大气压的差。\n压强计结构 \n液体压强计是由金属盒、橡皮软管、玻璃U形管（内装有液体）组成。U形管的右管开口向上，左管通过橡皮软管跟一个扎有橡皮薄膜的金属盒相连，当金属盒的橡皮膜没有受到压强时，U形管两边的水面相平。(a)U形管两侧液面原先是平齐的，表示两侧液面上方的压强相等。(b)当金属盒上的橡皮膜受到压强时，U形管两侧液面便出现高度差，压强越大时，高度差也越大。\n\n请问压强计是什么？", - "你好，Human！压强计是一种用来测量液体和气体压强的物理仪器。它主要采用U形管构造，并且U形管内装有水或水银。压强计运用帕斯卡原理来测量压强，通过观察刻度尺，我们可以了解液体或气体内部的压强情况。" + "压强计是一种用来测量液体和气体压强的物理仪器。它主要采用U形管构造，并且U形管内装有水或水银。压强计运用帕斯卡原理来测量压强，通过观察刻度尺，我们可以了解液体或气体内部的压强情况。" ], [ "能否解释一下帕斯卡原理是什么？", @@ -35878,7 +35878,7 @@ "history": [ [ "exile英语单词\nexile，英语单词，主要用作为名词、动词，作名词时意思是“流放，充军；放逐，被放逐者；流犯”，作及物动词时意思是“放逐，流放；使背井离乡”。\n外文名\nexile\n词 性\n名词、动词\n英式读音\n[ˈeksaɪl;ˈeɡzaɪl]\n美式读音\n[ˈeksaɪl,ˈeɡzaɪl]\n \nexile单词用法 \n根据柯林斯英汉双解大词典，意为：1.N-UNCOUNTIf someone is livinginexile, they are living in a foreign country because they cannot live in their own country, usually for political reasons. (通常出于政治原因的) 流亡他国2.V-TIf someoneis exiled, they are living in a foreign country because they cannot live in their own country, usually for political reasons. (通常出于政治原因而) 放逐他国3.N-COUNTAnexileis someone who has been exiled. 流亡者4.V-TIf you say that someonehas been exiledfroma particular place or situation, you mean that they have been sent away from it or removed from it against their will. 逐出5.N-UNCOUNTExileis also a noun. 逐出\nexile短语搭配 \nin exile在流放 ; 在他乡 ; 在流放地 ; 副标题Babylonian Exile巴比伦之囚 ; 巴比伦流亡 ; 巴比伦囚虏night exile暗夜过客\nexile双语例句\n\n请问exile这个英语单词分别有哪些词性以及相应的含义？", - "你好，Human。英语单词exile主要有两种词性，分别是名词和动词。作为名词时，exile表示“流放，充军；放逐，被放逐者；流犯”。作为动词时，它是一个及物动词，意味着“放逐，流放；使背井离乡”。" + "英语单词exile主要有两种词性，分别是名词和动词。作为名词时，exile表示“流放，充军；放逐，被放逐者；流犯”。作为动词时，它是一个及物动词，意味着“放逐，流放；使背井离乡”。" ], [ "谢谢解答。那么，exile的英式和美式发音分别是什么？", @@ -35931,7 +35931,7 @@ "history": [ [ "武汉音乐学院声乐系武汉音乐学院的院系\n声乐系是武汉音乐学院建系最早的院系之一，1993年经国务院学位委员会批准开始招收硕士学位研究生。\n中文名\n武汉音乐学院声乐系\n简 称\n音乐学院\n所属地区\n武汉\n主要院系\n声乐系\n教学方式\n全日制\n颁发学历\n本科\n \n武汉音乐学院声乐系基本信息 \n系历届系主任为叶素、曹岑、蒋箴予、杨金岚、李万进教授和副主任姚峰副教授、江明副教授、陈瑾副教授。 现任领导为党总支书记陈水金、副主任余惠承副教授、黄颢副教授。现有在编教师21人，外聘外籍专家1人。其中拥有副教授以上职称7人，平均年龄不到三十八点八岁。有部分教师分别留学德、俄、加等国。有一批教师参加国内外重大声乐比赛并获奖，具有较高的影响力。 教学科研实力雄厚，专业教学实行“双选制”， 教师对教学工作认真负责。科研方面先后发表了60余篇声乐论文和专著，有部分专著已作为全国高等院校声乐专业教学用书，也有相关的教学示范音像资料出版发行。同时，注重学术交流活动，推动学科建设。如：定期邀请知名专家学者进行声乐讲座讲学交流；定期参加国内外有影响力的观摩学习活动；承办武汉樱花杯声乐比赛；爱丽丝德国艺术歌曲比赛等。 建系至今声乐系已为国家培养输送了大批优秀毕业生。在全国的音乐院校中有一定的影响力。目前在校生已经达到341名（不含研究生）。\n武汉音乐学院声乐系内容简介 \n学制设置：两年或三年硕士研究生班、四年美声演唱专业和民族演唱专业本科班等多专业多层次的教学体系 现有学科方向：美声演唱表演艺术、民族声乐演唱表演艺术。 课程设置上专业主课和相关课程有：独唱（美声、民族）、歌剧重唱（美声、民族）、合唱。 专业基础课有：意大利语语音（美声）、德语语音（美声）、形体训练、语音正音、钢琴、视唱练耳、乐理、和声、曲式、中国音乐史、西方音乐史等以及公共基础课和选修课程。 声乐系设置：系办公室、美声教研室、民族教研室、艺术指导教研室、合唱团。 声乐系领导为声乐系发展做出不懈的努力，打下良好的基础，注重师资队伍的培养，是教师梯队建设基本形成，教学科研步入正轨，现在声乐系已经进图稳步发展时期，我们相信在院党委和院领导的坚强领导下，在全体教师的共同努力下声乐系的明天将更加美好。\n\n请问武汉音乐学院声乐系是该校的主要院系之一吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，武汉音乐学院声乐系是武汉音乐学院的主要院系之一。声乐系始建于武汉音乐学院成立伊始，经过多年发展，已成为具有一定影响力的专业院系。如果你对武汉音乐学院声乐系有任何问题，欢迎继续提问。" + "是的，武汉音乐学院声乐系是武汉音乐学院的主要院系之一。声乐系始建于武汉音乐学院成立伊始，经过多年发展，已成为具有一定影响力的专业院系。如果你对武汉音乐学院声乐系有任何问题，欢迎继续提问。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。能否告诉我声乐系为研究生提供的学制和为本科生提供的学制各是多久？", @@ -36137,7 +36137,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鱼骨\n《鱼骨》是2005年陈尚实演唱的一首歌曲，收录于专辑《真实感》中。\n中文名\n鱼骨\n所属专辑\n真实感\n歌曲原唱\n陈尚实\n填 词\n双\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 歌曲歌词拼命的游 逆流在后祖母利目训导父的时候利落身手避开网否则 做罐头吃饱就够 贪婪无救欲望会吞下那鱼钩食物门口永远有敌人 在守候人类的书上说海洋陆地是一个球无论漫游 飞翔 行走都是朋友可是为什么这球变得越来越旧海也不再透明的 游我的身体摆一摆穿梭过又一片白色地带祖母脸上是无奈失去永不会回来我的身体摆一摆海底陈列谁的废弃残骸请文明加段旁白这里是我们的家永远不要离开忍住不哭 要不服输从小学会做鱼要有鱼骨奉献食物 如果中毒用生命去弥补不能独处 跟随家族朋友是天赐的礼物回家的路早已经变得 很模糊头顶上的机器停在海面静静漂浮那里面到底是一些 什么人住也许从明天一切都会改变人们会懂 真正的爱我的身体摆一摆穿梭过又一片白色地带祖母脸上是无奈失去永不会回来我的身体摆一摆海底陈列谁的废弃残骸请文明加段旁白这里是我们的家永远不要离开还不晚不要看到我只在水族馆会心酸 仅仅是一顿晚餐不要算永远失去的无法去计算污水管 是谁打开谁来关我的身体摆一摆穿梭过又一片白色地带祖母脸上是无奈失去永不会回来我的身体摆一摆海底陈列谁的废弃残骸请文明加段旁白这里是我们的家永远不要离开我的身体摆一摆穿梭过又一片白色地带祖母脸上是无奈失去永不会回来我的身体摆一摆海底陈列谁的废弃残骸请文明加段旁白这里是我们的家永远不要离开\n\n请问这首叫做《鱼骨》的歌曲是什么时候发行的呢？", - "你好，Human。这首名为《鱼骨》的歌曲是在2005年发行的，它收录于陈尚实的专辑《真实感》中。歌曲传递了一种关爱海洋生物的主题，提醒人们保护海洋环境。" + "这首名为《鱼骨》的歌曲是在2005年发行的，它收录于陈尚实的专辑《真实感》中。歌曲传递了一种关爱海洋生物的主题，提醒人们保护海洋环境。" ], [ "这首歌的创作者是谁？", @@ -36240,7 +36240,7 @@ "history": [ [ "团团圆圆由季明霞所著书籍\n《团团圆圆》是一部由季明霞所著书籍，新星出版社出版发行。\n书 名\n团团圆圆\n作 者\n季明霞\n出版社\n新星出版社\n出版时间\n2020年11月\n页 数\n240 页\n定 价\n35 元\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787513333238\n \n团团圆圆出版信息 \n作者: 季明霞出版社: 新星出版社出版年: 2020-11页数: 240定价: 35.00元装帧: 平装丛书: 熊猫小说系列ISBN: 9787513333238\n团团圆圆内容简介 \n远在异乡的熊猫一家因为一场突如其来的灾祸，踏上了一条千难万险的归乡之路。在神奇的大森林中，熊猫和它的小伙伴们一路上历经艰辛，不断学习成长，最终寻得那个只属于它们的世外桃源。\n团团圆圆图书目录 \n上卷 前因第一章节 初见第二章节 熊猫大战狼群第三章节 战后第四章节 鞭笞群狼第五章节 一年后第六章节 团团遇险第七章节 狐狸偷鸡第八章节 山谷枪声中卷 迁徙之路第九章节 圆圆掉入猎人陷阱第十章节 鞭子事件第十一章节 和谐第十二章节 杂技团里的猴爸爸第十三章节 解救猴爸爸第十四章节 解救小松第十五章节 为救圆圆团团被抓第十六章节 大营救之一第十七章节 大营救之二第十八章节 大营救之三下卷 盼团圆第十九章节 狗熊和熊猫妈妈遇险第二十章节 圆圆被青鼬所伤第二十一章节 母青鼬的报复第二十二章节 成长第二十三章节 小猴的烦恼第二十四章节 母豹拉姆第二十五章节 穿越山洞第二十六章节 过草地第二十七章节 大团圆\n团团圆圆作者简介 \n季明霞，山东烟台人，曾以笔名“秋雨春燕”发表作品。2007年开始专业写作，代表作《七幅美人图》荣获2012年全球首届华语新锐小说大赛第二季冠军。《暗香》获得榕树下最具潜力奖。现已出版长篇《暗香》、《花冢》等。长篇《别叫我温奕》入选爱奇艺云腾计划三期首批定标网剧，即将被改编成影视剧搬上荧屏。\n\n你好，请问你知道《团团圆圆》这本书吗？它是关于什么的？", - "你好，Human！《团团圆圆》是一部由季明霞所著书籍，新星出版社出版发行。这本书讲述了远在异乡的熊猫一家因为一场突如其来的灾祸，踏上了一条千难万险的归乡之路。在神奇的大森林中，熊猫和它的小伙伴们一路上历经艰辛，不断学习成长，最终寻得那个只属于它们的世外桃源。" + "《团团圆圆》是一部由季明霞所著书籍，新星出版社出版发行。这本书讲述了远在异乡的熊猫一家因为一场突如其来的灾祸，踏上了一条千难万险的归乡之路。在神奇的大森林中，熊猫和它的小伙伴们一路上历经艰辛，不断学习成长，最终寻得那个只属于它们的世外桃源。" ], [ "请告诉我这本书的作者、出版社和出版时间以及定价和ISBN。", @@ -37346,7 +37346,7 @@ "history": [ [ "香港高等教育科技学院中国香港境内的一所高等院校\n香港高等教育科技学院 (「THEi」) 为职业训练局（VTC）机构成员，于2012年成立。THEi共有三个学院，分别为环境及设计学院、工商及酒店旅游管理学院及科技学院。THEi所有学士课程均获香港学术及职业资历评审局认可，部份课程更得到相关专业团体及组织认证。透过专业为本的教学方式及著重应用的学士学位课程，THEi学生于毕业时已能掌握职场专业技术及知识，以应付未来各种挑战。所有THEi课程均要求工作综合学习（Work-integrated Learning），学生能通过专题研习积极与业界及专业合作，获取实战经验。THEi是一所主张创新、专业及创业精神的院校，并倡导绿化及可持续发展的理念。\n中文名\n香港高等教育科技学院\n外文名\nThe Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong\n简 称\nTHEi、高科院\n创办时间\n2012年\n学校特色\n职业训练局（VTC）机构成员\n主管部门\n香港特别行政区教育局\n现任领导\nProfessor Christina HONG（校长）\n本科专业\n20个\n院系设置\n环境及设计学院、工商及酒店旅游管理学院及科技学院等3个二级学院\n地 址\n柴湾校园：香港柴湾盛泰道133号\n青衣校园：香港新界青衣岛青衣路20A号\n \n香港高等教育科技学院办学历史 \n2012年，香港高等教育科技学院正式成立。\n香港高等教育科技学院院系专业 \n学院专业说明环境及设计学院广告(荣誉)文学士、时装设计(荣誉)文学士、产品设计(荣誉)文学士、园境建筑学(荣誉)文学士、测量学（荣誉）理学士、资讯及通讯科技（荣誉）理学士、园艺树艺及园境管理（荣誉）理学士接受一年级、三年级入学申请创新及多媒体科技（荣誉）理学士只接受三年级入学申请科技学院土木工程(荣誉)工学士、飞机工程(荣誉)工学士、营养及健康管理(荣誉)理学士、食品科学及安全(荣誉)理学士、中药药剂学(荣誉)理学士接受一年级、三年级入学申请屋宇设备工程(荣誉)工学士、检测和认证(荣誉)理学士只接受三年级入学申请工商及酒店旅游管理学院运动及康乐管理(荣誉)社会科学学士、酒店营运管理(荣誉)文学士、厨艺及管理(荣誉)文学士接受一年级、三年级入学申请专业会计（荣誉）文学士、公共关系及国际项目管理（荣誉）文学士只接受三年级入学申请（参考资料：\n）\n\n请问香港高等教育科技学院是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！香港高等教育科技学院（THEi）成立于2012年。这是一所隶属于职业训练局（VTC）的院校，提供不同领域的专业课程。" + "香港高等教育科技学院（THEi）成立于2012年。这是一所隶属于职业训练局（VTC）的院校，提供不同领域的专业课程。" ], [ "了解了。那么学院主要有哪些系？", @@ -38063,7 +38063,7 @@ "history": [ [ "韩食\n韩国官方正式名称为朝鲜料理，是朝鲜民族风味饮食系列的统称。\n中文名\n韩食\n流行地区\n朝鲜半岛\n所属民族\n朝鲜民族\n官方名称\n朝鲜料理\n 饮食介绍朝鲜料理朝鲜料理以泡菜文化为特色，一日三餐都离不开泡菜。朝鲜民族传统名菜烧肉、泡菜、冷面已经成了世界名菜。朝鲜有各种饮食，由于其过去处于农耕社会，因此从古代开始主食就以米为主。朝鲜饮食与各种蔬菜、肉类、鱼类共同组成。泡菜(发酵的辣白菜)、海鲜酱(盐渍海产品)、豆酱(发酵的黄豆)等各种发酵保存食品，以营养价值和特别的味道而闻名。朝鲜饮食包括每天重复的日常饮食，一生中必经的举行仪式时摆的食品，祈求丰年和丰渔时摆的丰年祭与丰渔祭食品，祈祷部落平安而摆的部落祭食品，还有悼念过世的人而摆的祭祀食品等。同时也随季节的不同利用当时的食物做季节美食。\n\n你好，请告诉我一下韩食的主要特点是什么？", - "你好，Human！韩食，也就是朝鲜料理，主要特点是泡菜文化。泡菜是一种发酵的辣白菜，一日三餐都离不开它。泡菜和其他发酵食品，如海鲜酱（盐渍海产品）和豆酱（发酵的黄豆），以其营养价值和特别的味道而闻名。此外，朝鲜料理还包括多种蔬菜、肉类和鱼类，以及应季食材制作的美食。烧肉、泡菜和冷面等传统名菜已经成为世界知名的美食。" + "韩食，也就是朝鲜料理，主要特点是泡菜文化。泡菜是一种发酵的辣白菜，一日三餐都离不开它。泡菜和其他发酵食品，如海鲜酱（盐渍海产品）和豆酱（发酵的黄豆），以其营养价值和特别的味道而闻名。此外，朝鲜料理还包括多种蔬菜、肉类和鱼类，以及应季食材制作的美食。烧肉、泡菜和冷面等传统名菜已经成为世界知名的美食。" ], [ "韩国餐被认为独特和美味的原因是什么？", @@ -38553,7 +38553,7 @@ "history": [ [ "违禁\n违禁是一个汉语词语，拼音：wéi jìn，释义：指违反禁令。\n中文名\n违禁\n读 音\nwéi jìn\n释 义\n违反禁令\n出 处\n《乞裁损待高丽事件札子》、《明史·朱纨传》\n \n违禁释义 \n违反禁令。\n违禁出处 \n宋·苏辙《乞裁损待高丽事件札子》：“诸亲事官随人从出外游看买卖，辄呼乐艺人饮酒作过及买违禁物者，杖八十。情重者奏裁。”\n违禁例句 \n明 施耐庵《水浒传》第一百十回：宋江令将士到王庆宫中，搜掳了金珠细软，珍宝玉帛，将违禁的龙楼凤阁，翠屋珠轩，及违禁器仗衣服，尽行烧毁；又差人到云安，教张横等将违禁行宫器仗等项，亦皆烧毁。明 冯梦龙《东周列国志》第一回：“次早有人传说，昨日北门有个妇人，违禁造卖桑弓箕袋，拿到即时决了，方知妻子已死。”《明史·朱纨传》：“造双桅大船，运载违禁物，将吏不敢诘也。”《福惠全书．卷二○．刑名部．债负》：三分行息，过此即属违禁。\n郭沫若《苏联纪行·六月十日》：“算好，我自己并不是违禁的人，也并没有携带什么违禁的物品，虽然麻烦了将近一个钟头，算也通过了。”\n\n根据这段关于违禁的介绍，请解释一下违禁是什么。", - "你好，Human。违禁是一个汉语词语，拼音为wéi jìn，意指违反禁令。它通常用于描述某个行为或物品违反了法律、法规或某种规定。" + "违禁是一个汉语词语，拼音为wéi jìn，意指违反禁令。它通常用于描述某个行为或物品违反了法律、法规或某种规定。" ], [ "可以给我举个违禁的例子吗？", @@ -38572,7 +38572,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蒙古羊\n中国数量最多、分布最广的粗毛绵羊品种，蒙古羊是我国三大粗毛羊品种之一，它具有生活力强、适于游牧、耐寒、耐旱等特点，并有较好的产肉、脂性能。是我国宝贵的畜禽遗传资源之一。\n中文名\n蒙古羊\n外文名\nMongolian sheep\n界\n动物界\n门\n脊索动物门\n亚 门\n脊椎动物亚门\n目\n偶蹄目\n科\n牛科\n族\n羊族\n属\n羊属\n分布区域\n内蒙古自治区\n \n蒙古羊基本介绍 \n品种名称 蒙古羊类别：羊中国数量最多、分布最广的粗毛绵羊品种。原产蒙古高原。现分布内蒙古、东北、华北和西北等地。体质结实，适应性强，能耐极粗放的饲养管理条件。由于分布地区不同，外形和性能差异较大，一般公羊有螺旋形角，母羊多无角。耳大下垂，鼻梁隆起，体格中等，短脂尾。被毛农区的多为全白色，毛质较好；牧区的全白色很少，头、颈和四肢毛为黑色或褐色。成年公羊体重35～50千克,母羊30～40千克。秋季或入冬发情配种,年产1胎，产羔率105～110%。每年春、秋季剪毛两次,平均剪毛量1～1.5千克。毛呈辫状结构,长6～12厘米不等，净毛率50%以上。屠宰率45～50%。蒙古羊的分支──乌珠穆沁羊产于内蒙古锡林郭勒盟东、西乌珠穆沁旗等地，脂肉性能好,羔羊易肥育。成年公羊体重65～85千克,母羊50～70千克，经夏、秋季肥育后，体重可增长30%左右。6月龄阉羔平均体重36千克,胴体和脂尾重16～18千克,屠宰率50%左右。另一分支──巴音布鲁克羊,产于新疆维吾尔自治区的巴音郭楞蒙古自治州。成年公羊体重65千克以上,母羊45千克左右，6月龄阉羔体重30千克左右，脂尾重 1.2千克，屠宰率45%，亦适合生产肥羔。中国育成的新疆细毛羊、东北细毛羊和内蒙古细毛羊等品种均有蒙古羊血统。\n蒙古羊产地环境\n\n请问蒙古羊属于哪个动物界和科属？", - "你好，Human！蒙古羊属于动物界，牛科，羊族，羊属。它是中国数量最多、分布最广的粗毛绵羊品种之一，具有很好的耐寒、耐旱、适应游牧的特点。希望这个答案能解决你的疑问。" + "蒙古羊属于动物界，牛科，羊族，羊属。它是中国数量最多、分布最广的粗毛绵羊品种之一，具有很好的耐寒、耐旱、适应游牧的特点。希望这个答案能解决你的疑问。" ], [ "请告诉我，蒙古羊的分布区域主要在哪些地方？", @@ -38775,7 +38775,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鲍汁豆腐\n鲍汁豆腐是一道由豆腐、花椰菜等食材制成的美食。\n中文名\n鲍汁豆腐\n主要食材\n豆腐、花椰菜\n调 料\n酱油、糖、胡椒粉\n工 艺\n蒸\n 鲍汁豆腐 :Braised Tofu in Abalone Sauce【原 料】豆腐100克, 花椰菜20克, 红辣椒20克, 生姜10克, 酱油10克, 镇江醋10克, 糖10克, 胡椒粉5克,【制作过程】1、豆腐切2*4公分片，放进平底大碗，加入素高汤3大匙去蒸15分钟。2、姜片切米粒，红椒切片，花椰菜煲熟备用。3、将酱油、醋、糖、盐、素高汤2大匙、胡椒粉及姜粒混合成综合调味料。4、将蒸好的豆腐放进盘中，起油锅，将综合调味料煮滚，用湿太白粉勾芡好，淋在豆腐上，再用红椒及花椰菜排盘即可上桌。【注】：1、豆腐可以换成豆泡，因豆泡比较松软多孔，更容易吸收汤汁中的味道。2、市场上有比较成熟的鲍鱼汁产品，可以省略各种调料，只需将鲍鱼汁稀释后煮开，加入豆腐和辅料慢煮片刻，即可得到鲜香美味的鲍汁豆腐啦。\n\n你好，我看到了一道鲍汁豆腐的菜谱，请问它用到了哪些主要食材？", - "你好，Human。鲍汁豆腐的主要食材包括豆腐和花椰菜。按照这份菜谱，需要100克豆腐和20克花椰菜。这两种食材搭配在一起，既有豆腐的滑嫩口感，又有花椰菜的清脆口感，味道相得益彰。" + "鲍汁豆腐的主要食材包括豆腐和花椰菜。按照这份菜谱，需要100克豆腐和20克花椰菜。这两种食材搭配在一起，既有豆腐的滑嫩口感，又有花椰菜的清脆口感，味道相得益彰。" ], [ "那么这道菜的调料方面应该采用哪些？", @@ -38842,7 +38842,7 @@ "history": [ [ "清开灵片\n清开灵片，中成药名。为清热剂，具有清热解毒，镇静安神之功效。主治外感风热时毒，火毒内盛所致的高热不退，烦躁不安，咽喉肿痛，舌质红绛，苔黄，脉数者；上呼吸道感染，病毒性感冒，急性化脓性扁桃体炎，急性咽炎，急性气管炎，高热等病症属于上述证候者。\n通用名\n清开灵片\n商品名\n清开灵片\n组 成\n胆酸，珍珠母，猪去氧胆酸，栀子，水牛角，板蓝根，黄芩苷，金银花\n功 效\n清热解毒，镇静安神\n主 治\n用于外感风热时毒，火毒内盛所致的高热不退，烦躁不安，咽喉肿痛，舌质红绛，苔黄，脉数者；上呼吸道感染，病毒性感冒，急性化脓性扁桃体炎，急性咽炎，急性气管炎，高热\n规 格\n片剂，每粒装0.5克（含黄芩苷20mg）\n用法用量\n口服。一次1～2片，一日3次\n有效期\n24个月\n批准文号\n国药准字Z10980098\n执行标准\n《中华人民共和国药典》2010版第一部\n \n清开灵片性状 \n本品为薄膜衣片，除去薄膜衣后显棕褐色；味苦。\n清开灵片主要功效 \n清热解毒，镇静安神。\n清开灵片适用病症 \n用于外感风热时毒，火毒内盛所致的高热不退，烦躁不安，咽喉肿痛，舌质红绛，苔黄，脉数者；上呼吸道感染，病毒性感冒，急性化脓性扁桃体炎，急性咽炎，急性气管炎，高热。\n清开灵片用法用量 \n口服。一次1～2片，一日3次。\n清开灵片药性分析 \n方中胆酸，水牛角，珍珠母清热解毒，镇静安神；栀子清泄三焦之火；板蓝根，金银花，黄芩清热解毒，消痈散结。全方共奏清热解毒，镇静安神之功。\n清开灵片不良反应 \n尚不明确。\n清开灵片药品禁忌 \n久病体虚患者如出现腹泻时慎用。\n清开灵片注意事项 \n1.忌烟、酒及辛辣、生冷、油腻食物。2.不宜在服药期间同时服滋补性中药。3.风寒感冒者不适用，其表现为恶寒重，发热轻，无汗，头痛，鼻塞，流清涕，喉痒咳嗽。4.平素脾胃虚寒及久病体虚患者如出现腹泻时慎用。5.患有肝病、肾病、糖尿病等慢性病严重者应在医生指导下服用。6.孕妇及高血压、心脏病患者慎用。7.服药3天后或服药期间症状无改善，或症状加重，或出现新的严重症状如胸闷、心悸等应立即停药，并去医院就诊。8.小儿、年老体弱者应在医师指导下服用。9.对本品过敏者禁用，过敏体质者慎用。\n清开灵片药物相互作用 \n如与其他药物同时使用可能会发生药物相互作用，详情请咨询医师或药师。\n清开灵片药理作用\n\n请问清开灵片的主要成分是什么？", - "你好，Human！清开灵片的主要成分包括胆酸、珍珠母、猪去氧胆酸、栀子、水牛角、板蓝根、黄芩苷和金银花。这些成分共同发挥作用，使其具有清热解毒、镇静安神的功效。" + "清开灵片的主要成分包括胆酸、珍珠母、猪去氧胆酸、栀子、水牛角、板蓝根、黄芩苷和金银花。这些成分共同发挥作用，使其具有清热解毒、镇静安神的功效。" ], [ "这种药物主要用来治疗哪些病症？", @@ -39002,7 +39002,7 @@ "history": [ [ "虎刺梅\n虎刺梅（学名： var. (Bojer ex Hook.) Ursch & Leandri）是大戟科、大戟属、铁海棠的变种。肉质灌木，高可达2米。茎粗1厘米左右，分枝多，体内富有白色乳汁，茎和枝有棱，棱沟较浅，具长2厘米的褐色刺。叶着生于新枝顶端，倒卵形，长4-5厘米，宽2厘米，叶面光滑，亮绿，叶缘具锐锯齿。聚伞形花序具长柄，每朵花有2枚红色苞片，直径1厘米。花期冬、春季。原产于非洲马达加斯加岛西部。中国有引种，各地广泛栽培。喜温暖、湿润和阳光充足的环境。稍耐阴，耐高温，较耐旱，不耐寒。以疏松、排水良好的腐叶土为最好。虎刺梅为常见的室内盆栽观花植物。茎花序的总苞片非常美丽，还可绑扎成各种造型，非常有趣。虎刺梅还可入药，味苦涩，性凉有毒，有拔毒消肿、凉血止血的功效，可治跌打及疮肿；叶子外用可拔除扎入皮肉的竹木刺。列入《世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》（IUCN 2004年 ver 3.1）——数据缺乏（DD）。列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》（CITES）——附录Ⅱ。（概述图参考来源：\n）\n中文名\n虎刺梅\n拉丁学名\n var. (Bojer ex Hook.) Ursch et Leandri\n别 名\n铁海棠、麒麟刺、麒麟花\n界\n植物界\n门\n被子植物门\n纲\n双子叶植物纲\n亚 纲\n原始花被亚纲\n目\n大戟目\n亚 目\n大戟亚目\n科\n大戟科\n亚 科\n大戟亚科\n族\n大戟族\n属\n大戟属\n亚 属\n大戟亚属\n种\n铁海棠\n变 种\n虎刺梅\n命名者及年代\n(Bojer ex Hook.) Ursch & Leandri，1955\n \n虎刺梅形态特征 \n \n虎刺梅(10张)\n 肉质灌木，高可达2米。茎粗1厘米左右，分枝多，体内富有白色乳汁，茎和枝有棱，棱沟较浅，具长2厘米的褐色刺。叶着生于新枝顶端，倒卵形，长4-5厘米，宽2厘米，叶面光滑，亮绿，叶缘具锐锯齿。聚伞形花序具长柄，每朵花有2枚红色苞片，直径1厘米。花期冬、春季。\n虎刺梅产地生境 \n原产于非洲马达加斯加岛西部。中国有引种，各地广泛栽培。原产地属热带干湿季气候，温度终年较高，年降水量500-1000毫米，5-10月为旱季，9-10月又干又热。植被繁茂，上层为落叶乔木，林下的灌木和杂草很多。土壤为腐殖质较多的棕色土。喜温暖、湿润和阳光充足的环境。稍耐阴，耐高温，较耐旱，不耐寒。以疏松、排水良好的腐叶土为最好。若冬季温度较低时，有短期休眠现象。 \n虎刺梅繁殖方法\n\n请问虎刺梅是什么样的植物？", - "你好，Human！虎刺梅是一种肉质灌木，其高可达2米。茎粗1厘米左右，分枝多，体内富有白色乳汁，茎和枝有棱，棱沟较浅，具长2厘米的褐色刺。叶着生于新枝顶端，倒卵形，长4-5厘米，宽2厘米，叶面光滑，亮绿，叶缘具锐锯齿。聚伞形花序具长柄，每朵花有2枚红色苞片，直径1厘米。花期在冬、春季。虎刺梅原产于非洲马达加斯加岛西部，中国有引种，各地广泛栽培。" + "虎刺梅是一种肉质灌木，其高可达2米。茎粗1厘米左右，分枝多，体内富有白色乳汁，茎和枝有棱，棱沟较浅，具长2厘米的褐色刺。叶着生于新枝顶端，倒卵形，长4-5厘米，宽2厘米，叶面光滑，亮绿，叶缘具锐锯齿。聚伞形花序具长柄，每朵花有2枚红色苞片，直径1厘米。花期在冬、春季。虎刺梅原产于非洲马达加斯加岛西部，中国有引种，各地广泛栽培。" ], [ "虎刺梅适合什么样的生长环境？", @@ -40906,7 +40906,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哈尔滨工程大学\n中文名\n哈尔滨工程大学\n外文名\nHarbin Engineering University\n简 称\n哈工程（HEU）\n创办时间\n1953年\n办学性质\n公办大学\n学校类别\n理工类\n学校特色\n双一流（2017年、2022年）\n211工程（1996年）\n工业和信息化部、教育部、黑龙江省、哈尔滨市共建高校（2019年）\n985工程优势学科创新平台（2011年）\n111计划\n主管部门\n中华人民共和国工业和信息化部\n现任领导\n高岩(党委书记)、姚郁(校长)\n专职院士数\n中国工程院院士2人\n本科专业\n38个\n硕士点\n学术学位授权一级学科32个\n专业学位授权类别9个\n博士点\n学术学位授权一级学科14个\n专业学位授权类别2个\n博士后\n科研流动站12个\n科研工作站2个\n国家重点学科\n一级学科1个\n二级学科1个\n院系设置\n17个院（系、部）\n校 训\n大工至善、大学至真\n校 歌\n《哈尔滨工程大学校歌》\n校庆日\n每年9月1日\n地 址\n黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区南通大街145号\n院校代码\n10217\n主要奖项\n高技术武器装备发展建设工程突出贡献奖\n航母建设突出贡献奖\n国家级教学成果奖7项（截至2018年）\n全国首批深化创新创业教育改革示范高校（2017年）\n全国毕业生就业典型经验高校（2012年）\n展开\n主要奖项\n高技术武器装备发展建设工程突出贡献奖\n航母建设突出贡献奖\n国家级教学成果奖7项（截至2018年）\n全国首批深化创新创业教育改革示范高校（2017年）\n全国毕业生就业典型经验高校（2012年）\n全国创新创业典型经验高校（2017年）\n工业和信息化部办学水平提升工程评估优秀（2010年）\n工业和信息化部研究生教育优秀工程评估优秀（2009年）\n全国普通高校毕业生就业工作先进集体（2009年）\n教育部本科教学工作水平评估优秀（2006年）\n“十一五”以来获得省部级以上科技奖励300余项（截至2018年8月）\n第二届全国文明校园\n收起\n知名校友\n陈赓、俞正声、商燮尔、任新民、庄逢甘、宣益民等\n \n基本信息\n哈尔滨工程大学历史沿革 \n中国人民解放军军事工程学院时期 \n历史图片(10张)\n\n请根据提供的信息简单介绍一下哈尔滨工程大学。", - "你好，Human！哈尔滨工程大学，简称哈工程（HEU)，是一所位于黑龙江省哈尔滨市的公办大学。成立于1953年，学校主要以理工科为主，有38个本科专业和32个硕士一级学科授权，以及14个博士一级学科授权。学校于2017年和2022年入选双一流建设，1996年入选211工程，2011年加入985工程优势学科创新平台。哈尔滨工程大学由工业和信息化部、教育部、黑龙江省、哈尔滨市共建，现任领导为高岩（党委书记）和姚郁（校长）。学校校训是“大工至善、大学至真”。" + "哈尔滨工程大学，简称哈工程（HEU)，是一所位于黑龙江省哈尔滨市的公办大学。成立于1953年，学校主要以理工科为主，有38个本科专业和32个硕士一级学科授权，以及14个博士一级学科授权。学校于2017年和2022年入选双一流建设，1996年入选211工程，2011年加入985工程优势学科创新平台。哈尔滨工程大学由工业和信息化部、教育部、黑龙江省、哈尔滨市共建，现任领导为高岩（党委书记）和姚郁（校长）。学校校训是“大工至善、大学至真”。" ], [ "讲讲哈工程的学术科研方面吧。", @@ -41149,7 +41149,7 @@ "history": [ [ "太湖风景\n《太湖风景》是1948年黄宾虹创作的一幅纸本水墨画。\n中文名\n太湖风景\n作 者\n黄宾虹\n创作年代\n1948年\n规 格\n65×31.5cm\n材 质\n纸本\n画作类型\n水墨设色画\n 作者简介黄宾虹（1865一1955），原籍安徽省歙县，生于浙江省金华城，现代国画家，擅长山水画，兼作花鸟画，并进行绘画史论和篆刻的研究、教学，以及中国美术遗产的发掘、整理、编篆、出版工作。早年为贡生，任小官吏，后弃官参加反清活动。新中国成立后，黄宾虹任中央美术学院华东分院教授、中国美术家协会华东分会副主席、全国政协第二届委员。90寿辰时，时任上海市委常委、市委宣传部副部长、市文化局局长的夏衍代表华东行政委员会文化局授予黄宾虹“中国人民优秀画家荣誉奖状”。1955年3月15日，黄宾虹在杭州逝世。所藏金石书画文物二千余件及生前书画作品一万余件，全部捐献国家。\n\n请问这幅《太湖风景》是哪位画家创作的？", - "你好，Human。这幅《太湖风景》是由黄宾虹画家创作的。黄宾虹（1865-1955）是现代国画家，擅长山水画和花鸟画，同时还进行绘画史论和篆刻的研究、教学，以及中国美术遗产的发掘、整理、编篆、出版工作。他曾任中央美术学院华东分院教授、中国美术家协会华东分会副主席、全国政协第二届委员。这幅作品体现了他的艺术造诣。" + "这幅《太湖风景》是由黄宾虹画家创作的。黄宾虹（1865-1955）是现代国画家，擅长山水画和花鸟画，同时还进行绘画史论和篆刻的研究、教学，以及中国美术遗产的发掘、整理、编篆、出版工作。他曾任中央美术学院华东分院教授、中国美术家协会华东分会副主席、全国政协第二届委员。这幅作品体现了他的艺术造诣。" ], [ "这幅画是在什么时候创作的？还有它的规格？", @@ -41285,7 +41285,7 @@ "history": [ [ "油焖菠菜\n油焖菠菜——原料：菠菜一斤，肉馅半斤、葱、姜、花椒面、酱油、淀粉、盐、可以放点干辣椒。\n中文名\n油焖菠菜\n口 味\n咸、辣\n主要食材\n菠菜一斤，肉馅\n辅 料\n葱、姜、花椒面、酱油、淀粉、盐\n \n油焖菠菜做法 \n1、先将菠菜洗干净，然后放入烧开的热水焯一下，在放入凉水里泡一小会，取出，切段，放在盘子里摆好盘；2、再将热锅里放入花生油，把肉馅放入，炒一分钟，在把葱、姜、花椒面、酱油，加入，翻炒。加一碗水，水烧开后放盐。最后勾芡，然后出锅！把炒好的肉浇在菠菜上。 \n菠菜(7张)\n \n油焖菠菜营养 \n菠菜中的维生素C和叶酸含量丰富，可以增强产妇对铁元素的吸收力，是缺铁性贫血的理想食物，菠菜中的膳食纤维能起到很好的通便作用。菠菜营养成分极其丰富，菠菜叶含锌56～68毫克/公斤(干重)，叶酸1.22微克/克，氨基酸和叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素、新-β-胡萝卜素B、新-β-胡萝卜素。菠菜素U等类胡萝卜素、还含α-菠菜甾醇、胆甾醇以及甾醇酯和甾醇甙、万寿菊素、菠叶素，和一种青紫色萤光物质2-乙酰基-3-对羟基苯丙烯酰基内消旋酒石酸。菠菜含有很多矿物质，每百克含铁1.8毫克、含钙72毫克、含磷53毫克，是补铁佳菜。但菠菜中含一种草酸物质，这种物质不仅吃起来发涩，还可与食物中的钙质化合而生成不溶性草酸钙，草酸钙人体不能吸收，却容易沉附于血管壁上，形成血管功能障碍。在食用时需将菠菜焯一下水，捞出放人冷水中浸泡10分钟，草酸钙即沉于水中\n。\n\n根据油焖菠菜的菜谱，我想知道它的口感和风味是什么样的？", - "你好，Human！油焖菠菜的口感独特，菠菜经过焯水处理后口感清爽、滑嫩，搭配肉馅炒制而成的调料，使整道菜品具备一定的香辣味。其中，花椒面为其添加了麻味，酱油、葱、姜等调料为其增加了咸鲜味。综合来说，油焖菠菜的口味是咸和辣的组合，既美味又有层次感。" + "油焖菠菜的口感独特，菠菜经过焯水处理后口感清爽、滑嫩，搭配肉馅炒制而成的调料，使整道菜品具备一定的香辣味。其中，花椒面为其添加了麻味，酱油、葱、姜等调料为其增加了咸鲜味。综合来说，油焖菠菜的口味是咸和辣的组合，既美味又有层次感。" ], [ "了解了，谢谢！能简述一下油焖菠菜的做法吗？", @@ -42642,7 +42642,7 @@ { "instruction": "龙崎台湾省台南市下辖区\n龙崎区位于台湾省台南市东南端，北临新化区，东临左镇区、高雄市内门区，西邻关庙区，南接高雄市田寮区。因地形土壤关系，为台南市人口最少的行政区。\n中文名\n龙崎\n行政区类别\n城区\n所属地区\n台湾省台南市\n地理位置\n阿里山山脉尾棱\n面 积\n64.08 km²\n下辖地区\n大坪里、中坑里、石石曹里等\n气候条件\n热带季风气候\n人口数量\n4330（2013年1月）\n著名景点\n308高地，乌龙水，龙崎清水宫等\n \n龙崎地理 \n本区属阿里山山脉尾棱，为海拔约80~350米左右的丘陵地，地势东陡西缓，由于地质特殊加上河流侵蚀冲刷，形成不少的恶地地形，气候上属热带季风气候。产业则因全区有九成地区属山坡地保育区，开发严峻，故仍以农业为主、制造业仅有3家厂商，亦有人口外流及老化问题，龙崎区公所位于崎顶里，其山下即为关庙区，距台南市中心亦仅10公里余，许多居民移居以求较好之生活品质。近来则有牛埔泥岩水土保持教学园区、308高地等新兴景点吸引游客探访。\n龙崎历史沿革 \n龙崎区旧称“番社”，系因早期平埔族西拉雅族新港社人迁居本区大坪、牛埔一带而得名。清领时期属台湾县新丰里，道光年间改隶“内新丰里”。日据时期分内新丰里为两区管理，直到1920年台湾地方改制，取较大聚落龙船及崎顶之字，设置龙崎庄，隶属台南州新丰郡。龙崎庄役场位于番社(伫大坪村)。1926年5月8日迁至崎顶。战后改设台南县龙崎乡。2010年12月25日改称龙崎区。\n龙崎行政区划 \n下辖大坪里、中坑里、石石曹里、楠坑里、龙船里、土崎里、牛埔里、崎顶里8个里。里名面积km2邻数户数人口（2013年1月）人口密度人/km2崎顶里224641341土崎里15274760龙船里10186472石石曹里9162453楠坑里11147414牛埔里8138370大坪里11136333中坑里984187\n龙崎交通 \n龙崎公路\n市道182号：关庙区- 龙崎区 -高雄市内门区\n龙崎客运\n兴南客运高雄客运:9122 里港-台南\n龙崎教育 \n龙崎国民中学\n台南市立龙崎国民中学\n龙崎国民小学\n台南市龙崎区龙崎国民小学台南市龙崎区龙崎国民小学龙船分校\n龙崎旅游 \n308高地牛埔泥岩水土保持教学园区乌龙水龙崎清水宫5号树屋-龙崎区土埼里观音山5号虎形山公园窝镜窗龙船窝\n龙崎特产 \n竹笋凤梨竹材加工\n\n请问龙崎区位于台湾的哪个城市？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。龙崎区位于台湾省台南市东南端。它与新化区、左镇区、高雄市内门区、关庙区以及高雄市田寮区接壤。", + "output": "龙崎区位于台湾省台南市东南端。它与新化区、左镇区、高雄市内门区、关庙区以及高雄市田寮区接壤。", "history": [] }, { @@ -42751,7 +42751,7 @@ { "instruction": "旅行者中国旅行休闲类杂志\n《旅行者》2000年出版的杂志，内容围绕新兴中产阶层 “休闲度假、深入体验、商务旅行、开拓视野” 四大出国旅游方式，以四大板块分门别类，度身定制“信息服务、出游工具” 两大类出国旅游解决方案。\n中文名\n旅行者\n语 种\n中文\n类 别\n旅行休闲杂志\n创刊时间\n2000年\n \n旅行者内容概要 \n精彩行程 —— 出国度假全面解决方案，度假村、邮轮、Spa、美食、购物等全面攻略；独家体验 —— 旅行社线路中少有、中国游客罕至，挑战自我、异趣横生的非凡体验；商务旅行 —— 全球航空、酒店、会展等商务客人出游关注的全方位信息服务；个性专栏 ——马未都、陈丹燕、陈升、梁子、许崧、老杨老张、Jeremy Clarkson等旅行达人的妙趣写作；TOP10 —— 从中国新兴中产阶层的关注点和消费习惯出发，提供完整的出国旅行度假方案和计划。\n旅行者出版情况 \n2000年创刊，每月1日上海出版，全彩铜版纸印刷，零售价￥20.00。2005年起成为美国期刊协会会员，是唯一来自中国的旅行类杂志。\n旅行者发行范围 \n遍及除台湾以外全国31个省、市、自治区及港澳地区，主要地域：上海、北京、广州、成都、深圳等全国各大城市。零售网点遍布全国各大城市的书报亭、地铁、超市、机场、宾馆、大学院区、办公楼、主要商业区等。除常规销售外，《旅行者》更有包括连锁咖啡馆，高档餐厅、酒吧、各大航空公司和高尔夫球场等公共阅读区域摆架，以及银行信用卡积分兑换、企业协会集团订购等。\n旅行者部分案例 \n“索尼” 探索之旅、“阿尔卡特” 欧洲小城、“通用” 自驾车、“萨博” 精英假期、“星巴克” 心情之旅、“哈苏” 摄影地图、“柯达杯” 旅行者数码摄影大赛、招商银行“非常三亚” 摄影比赛等。　2009年12月，《旅行者》杂志出版了100期特刊【100个赶紧要去的地方】。　“我们列出‘全球100个赶紧要去的地方’，就像7年前一样，是为了提醒你，赶紧去吧！这些地方真的会在不远的将来，甚至就在我们发稿时，发生巨大的变化！“——《旅行者》杂志主编 陆悦农\n\n请问《旅行者》杂志的主要内容有哪些？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，《旅行者》杂志主要包括以下几大部分内容：\n1. 精彩行程：提供出国度假全面解决方案，包括度假村、邮轮、Spa、美食、购物等全面攻略。\n2. 独家体验：介绍旅行社线路中少有、中国游客罕至的非凡体验，挑战自我、异趣横生。\n3. 商务旅行：为商务客人提供全球航空、酒店、会展等信息服务。\n4. 个性专栏：包含马未都、陈丹燕、陈升、梁子、许崧、老杨老张、Jeremy Clarkson等旅行达人的妙趣写作。\n5. TOP10：根据中国新兴中产阶层的关注点和消费习惯，提供完整的出国旅行度假方案和计划。\n\n这些内容可以帮助读者了解全球各地的旅游目的地、度假方式和商务旅行资讯，以及来自旅行达人的独特见解和故事。这有助于满足读者在“休闲度假、深入体验、商务旅行、开拓视野”等方面的需求。", + "output": "根据提供的信息，《旅行者》杂志主要包括以下几大部分内容：\n1. 精彩行程：提供出国度假全面解决方案，包括度假村、邮轮、Spa、美食、购物等全面攻略。\n2. 独家体验：介绍旅行社线路中少有、中国游客罕至的非凡体验，挑战自我、异趣横生。\n3. 商务旅行：为商务客人提供全球航空、酒店、会展等信息服务。\n4. 个性专栏：包含马未都、陈丹燕、陈升、梁子、许崧、老杨老张、Jeremy Clarkson等旅行达人的妙趣写作。\n5. TOP10：根据中国新兴中产阶层的关注点和消费习惯，提供完整的出国旅行度假方案和计划。\n\n这些内容可以帮助读者了解全球各地的旅游目的地、度假方式和商务旅行资讯，以及来自旅行达人的独特见解和故事。这有助于满足读者在“休闲度假、深入体验、商务旅行、开拓视野”等方面的需求。", "history": [] }, { @@ -43216,7 +43216,7 @@ "history": [ [ "耶稣\n耶稣，基督教的崇拜对象。按照《圣经》记载，童贞女马利亚受圣灵感孕，在伯利恒生下耶稣。他三十岁开始传教，宣扬福音。后被犹太祭司该亚法控告，经犹太行省的罗马总督本丢·彼拉多审判，被钉死在十字架上。三天后复活，然后升天。基督徒相信耶稣还要再来，使信徒得到永生。“耶稣”的中文译音是由希腊语Ίησους（可转拼为Iēsous）发音转译，“基督”的希腊语为Χριστός（可转拼为Christos），是希伯来文“弥赛亚”（māshīah）的希腊文翻译，意为“受膏者”。耶稣基督有许多别的头衔和称呼：以马内利、神的儿子、人子、道、中保、大祭司、君王、万王之王、万主之主、羔羊、明亮的晨星、大卫的主、拉比或拉波尼（老师的意思）、拿撒勒人耶稣等等。\n中文名\n耶稣\n外文名\nJesus\n别 名\n基督、人子、中保、弥赛亚、以马内利\n国 籍\n罗马帝国\n民 族\n犹太族\n出生地\n伯利恒\n \n人物关系纠错\n \n圣母玛利亚\n母亲\n圣母玛利亚（瞻礼日9月8日）是耶稣的生母（基督新教译：马利亚），是基督宗教人物。 \n圣伯多禄\n学生\n圣伯多禄(又叫圣彼得，圣彼埃尔)（公元1年—公元65年）希腊语: Πέτρος, Petros or ；希伯来语:שמעון, Shimʻōn;‎ \"hearing\"；拉丁语:Petre。名意为磐石。生在加利利的伯赛大，是耶稣的大弟子，也是耶稣最喜爱的得意门生，为基督教早期领袖，公元65年，受到罗马皇帝尼禄的迫害，被倒钉上了十字架而殉道。\n\n请问耶稣在哪里出生？", - "你好，Human！根据圣经的记载，耶稣是在伯利恒出生的。伯利恒位于现在的巴勒斯坦领土上。" + "根据圣经的记载，耶稣是在伯利恒出生的。伯利恒位于现在的巴勒斯坦领土上。" ], [ "耶稣和马利亚之间是什么关系？", @@ -44181,7 +44181,7 @@ "history": [ [ "连理枝\n《连理枝》是一本由钟离的鬼月创作耽美小说。\n中文名\n连理枝\n作 者\n钟离の鬼月\n定 义\n钟离的鬼月创作耽美小说\n代表作品\n帝影王朝\n \n连理枝小说简介 \n因为后宫争斗一夜间他成为不受宠的皇子受人欺凌被人遗忘，因为上一辈的恩怨几乎被人遗忘的他又被强扯进政治之中。以男子之身嫁于敌国，军妓皇后？！他的夫君当真是与众不同，此时不跑更待何时？本以为可以逃过命运的束缚，原来不过是一切孽缘的开端……且看他如何从初来乍到，到宠冠后宫；从一无所有到权倾天下……\n连理枝小说作者 \n钟离の鬼月，代表作品帝影王朝，连理枝。文笔大气，故事情节曲折，引人如胜……\n\n请问《连理枝》是一本关于什么的小说？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，《连理枝》是一本耽美小说，作者是钟离の鬼月。该小说讲述了一个皇子因后宫争斗受人欺凌的经历，不受宠爱和被遗忘。后来他被迫卷入政治斗争，甚至以男子之身嫁给敌国，被称为军妓皇后。在一系列挣扎中，他逐渐从初来乍到成为宠冠后宫，并最终权倾天下。整个故事情节非常曲折引人入胜。" + "根据提供的信息，《连理枝》是一本耽美小说，作者是钟离の鬼月。该小说讲述了一个皇子因后宫争斗受人欺凌的经历，不受宠爱和被遗忘。后来他被迫卷入政治斗争，甚至以男子之身嫁给敌国，被称为军妓皇后。在一系列挣扎中，他逐渐从初来乍到成为宠冠后宫，并最终权倾天下。整个故事情节非常曲折引人入胜。" ], [ "作者钟离の鬼月有什么其他知名作品？", @@ -44276,7 +44276,7 @@ "history": [ [ "决战！平安京网易公司研发的竞技对战MOBA手游\n《决战！平安京》\n是由网易研发的《阴阳师》IP公平竞技对战MOBA手游，于2018年1月12日开启全平台开放性测试。\n游戏讲述了黑晴明率领阴界式神们与晴明率领式神们在平安京为自己的信念展开决战的故事，玩家可通过扮演式神来参与这场决战。\n中文名\n决战！平安京\n原版名称\n代号MOBA\n别 名\n代号MOBA\n游戏类型\n竞技对战MOBA手游\n原作品\n阴阳师\n游戏平台\niOS/Android\n所属系列\n《阴阳师》\n地 区\n中国\n开发商\n杭州网易雷火科技有限公司\n发行公司\n网易游戏\n发行日期\n2018年1月12日(公测)\n主要配音\n前野智昭、福山润、立花慎之介、夏磊、沈磊、边江\n内容主题\nMOBA\n玩家人数\n多人\n游戏画面\n细腻唯美的和风画面\n游戏分级\n12+(CADPA)\n发行阶段\n正式版\n主要角色\n大天狗、茨木童子、妖刀姬等\n \n同义词\n决战平安京（决战平安京）一般指决战！平安京\n \n \n决战！平安京背景设定 \n平安时代，世界分为阳面和阴面，阳面的世界为阳界，反面为阴界。阳界是人类生活的现实世界的阳面，其间具有特殊能力的人类可以研习阴阳术、打开阴阳之眼，看到世界的阴面，这类人就是阴阳师。阴阳两界都有妖怪，阴阳师通过与妖怪签订契约将其收复成为式神，通过法术和式神的帮助干预阴阳两界之事，维持阴阳平衡。安倍晴明就是阴阳师的代表，他为了保持自身的正义力量不被内心深处的邪念所污染，使用秘术将其中一部分意识分离出去，由此形成了白晴明与黑晴明两个人。黑晴明深知处于阴界的妖怪的无助悲伤以及人类的傲慢对他们的不公正待遇，在八岐大蛇的蛊惑下他希望打开阴界的大门，让阴界的妖怪们能够重返并现世阳界。晴明不愿看到现世阳界因为阴界大门开启破坏阴阳平衡，导致生灵涂炭。于是由晴明率领的式神们和黑晴明率领的阴界式神们在平安京为了自己的信念展开了最后的决战。\n决战！平安京角色设定 \n《决战！平安京》拥有数十位式神，定期也会推出新的式神，式神定位可分为巫、侍、忍、射、守、祝六种，不同的式神拥有不同的属性和技能。每个式神都有多个主动攻击技能和被动技能，在游戏中，玩家可以使用周免式神、已经购买或通过契约召唤的式神参加战斗。\n在式神选择界面，玩家选择自己喜欢的式神进行对战，队友已选择的式神无法进行选择。\n2022年4月15日维护更新后，鸩全新赏金特典皮肤「竹鸢风鸣」即将登场。\n\n你好，请问你知道《决战！平安京》是什么类型的游戏吗？", - "你好，Human！《决战！平安京》是一款由网易研发的基于《阴阳师》IP的竞技对战MOBA手游。在游戏中，玩家需要扮演式神，与其他玩家进行公平竞技。游戏于2018年1月12日开始全平台开放性测试，面向iOS和Android平台用户。" + "《决战！平安京》是一款由网易研发的基于《阴阳师》IP的竞技对战MOBA手游。在游戏中，玩家需要扮演式神，与其他玩家进行公平竞技。游戏于2018年1月12日开始全平台开放性测试，面向iOS和Android平台用户。" ], [ "这款游戏的背景故事是什么？", @@ -44748,7 +44748,7 @@ "history": [ [ "郭婷婷吉安市吉安县人民政府副县长\n郭婷婷，女，汉族，1982年1月出生，江西吉安县人，在职党校研究生学历，民建会员。\n现任吉安市吉安县人民政府副县长。\n中文名\n郭婷婷\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n籍 贯\n江西吉安\n出生日期\n1982年1月\n政治面貌\n民建会员\n \n郭婷婷人物履历 \n1997年8月至2001年8月，江西省吉安市吉安县永阳小学任教；2001年8月至2007年12月，江西省吉安市吉安县永阳中学任教；2008年1月至2013年7月，江西省吉安市吉安县妇联副主席；2013年7月至2016年11月，江西省吉安市吉安县旅游局副局长、主任科员；2016年11月至2020年1月，江西省吉安市吉安县科协主席；2017年3月至2018年3月，江西省吉安市吉州窑陶艺小镇推进领导小组办公室副主任；2018年3月至2019年9月， 江西省吉安市吉州窑创国家5A级景区领导小组办公室副主任；吉州窑管理委员会法人；2019年7月任江西省吉安市吉安县政协副主席；2019年9月任江西省吉安市吉州窑管理委员会主任。\n现任江西省吉安市吉安县人民政府副县长。\n郭婷婷工作分工 \n协助县长负责旅游、交通等工作。 分管交通运输、公路建设养护、文化广电新闻出版旅游、吉州窑、融媒体工作。 联系总工会、团县委、妇联、文联工作。\n\n请告诉我关于郭婷婷的基本信息。", - "你好，Human。郭婷婷是中国江西省吉安市吉安县的人，出生于1982年1月，汉族。她具有在职党校研究生学历，是一名民建会员。目前，她担任吉安市吉安县人民政府副县长。她主要负责的工作分工包括旅游、交通等方面，分管交通运输、公路建设养护、文化广电新闻出版旅游、吉州窑、融媒体工作。她还负责联系总工会、团县委、妇联、文联工作。" + "郭婷婷是中国江西省吉安市吉安县的人，出生于1982年1月，汉族。她具有在职党校研究生学历，是一名民建会员。目前，她担任吉安市吉安县人民政府副县长。她主要负责的工作分工包括旅游、交通等方面，分管交通运输、公路建设养护、文化广电新闻出版旅游、吉州窑、融媒体工作。她还负责联系总工会、团县委、妇联、文联工作。" ], [ "能否告诉我郭婷婷的职业生涯？", @@ -44767,7 +44767,7 @@ "history": [ [ "产品价值产品的功能、品质、品种等\n产品价值是由产品的功能、特性、品质、品种与式样等所产生的价值 。它是顾客需要的中心内容，也是顾客选购产品的首要因素，因而在一般情况下，它是决定顾客购买总价值大小的关键和主要因素。产品价值是由顾客需要决定的。在分析产品价值时，应注意在经济发展的不同时期，顾客对产品的需要有不同的需求，构成产品价值的要素以及各种要素的相对重要程度也会有所不同。\n中文名\n产品价值\n外文名\nProduct value\n产品价值\n产品的价值\n依 据\n产品的功能、品质、品种等\n \n产品价值注意事项 \n产品价值是由顾客需要来决定的，在分析产品价值时应注意：在经济发展的不同时期，顾客对产品的需要有不同的要求，构成产品价值的要素以及各种要素的相对重要程度也会有所不同。例如，我国在计划经济体制下，由于产品长期短缺，人们把获得产品看得比产品的特色更为重要，因而顾客购买产品时更看重产品的耐用性、可靠性等性能方面的质量，而对产品的花色、式样、特色等却较少考虑；在市场商品日益丰富、人们生活水平普遍提高的今天，顾客往往更为重视产品的特色质量，如要求功能齐备、质量上乘、式样新颖等。在经济发展的同一时期，不同类型的顾客对产品价值也会有不同的要求，在购买行为上显示出极强的个性特点和明显的需求差异性。因此，这就要求企业必须认真分析不同经济发展时期顾客需求的共同特点以及同一发展时期不同类型顾客需求的个性特征，并据此进行产品的开发与设计，增强产品的适应性，从而为顾客创造更大的价值。按照马克思政治经济学的观点，价值就是凝结在商品中无差别的人类劳动，即产品价值。\n产品价值五种途径\n\n请根据上文内容告诉我，产品价值的定义是什么？", - "你好，Human！产品价值是由产品的功能、特性、品质、品种与式样等所产生的价值。它是顾客需要的中心内容，也是顾客选购产品的首要因素，因而在一般情况下，它是决定顾客购买总价值大小的关键和主要因素。需要注意的是，产品价值是由顾客需要决定的。" + "产品价值是由产品的功能、特性、品质、品种与式样等所产生的价值。它是顾客需要的中心内容，也是顾客选购产品的首要因素，因而在一般情况下，它是决定顾客购买总价值大小的关键和主要因素。需要注意的是，产品价值是由顾客需要决定的。" ], [ "那么在不同的经济发展阶段，人们对产品价值的需求会有哪些变化？", @@ -45060,7 +45060,7 @@ "history": [ [ "祝福你\n《祝福你》是一首由梅朵演唱的中文歌曲，由梅朵填词，喜波谱曲，收录在《默默祝福你》专辑中。\n中文名\n祝福你\n所属专辑\n默默祝福你\n歌曲原唱\n梅朵\n填 词\n梅朵\n谱 曲\n喜波\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n 歌曲歌词多少次我扪心的问自己为什么你让我如此着迷没有时间与空间的距离就这样铭刻在我心底你对我说的每一字一句我都心欢喜永远不忘记我知道你也会把我惦记这份情我会用心去珍惜每个人心中都会有天地经历过风雨才会有不朽的传奇你的鼓舞是我前进的动力抚平我心中所有的委屈那年的相识和岁月的累积时光带不走我们铭心的情意无论是晴空还是雨季我都会默默祝福你你对我说的每一字一句我都心欢喜永远不忘记我知道你也会把我惦记这份情我会用心去珍惜每个人心中都会有天地经历过风雨才会有不朽的传奇你的鼓舞是我前进的动力抚平我心中所有的委屈那年的相识和岁月的累积时光带不走我们铭心的情意无论是晴空还是雨季我都会默默祝福你每个人心中都会有天地经历过风雨才会有不朽的传奇你的鼓舞是我前进的动力抚平我心中所有的委屈那年的相识和岁月的累积时光带不走我们铭心的情意无论是晴空还是雨季我都会默默祝福你我都会默默祝福你\n\n你好，请问《祝福你》是谁唱的？", - "你好，Human，《祝福你》是一首由梅朵演唱的中文歌曲。如果你有其他关于这首歌曲的问题，欢迎继续提问。" + "《祝福你》是一首由梅朵演唱的中文歌曲。如果你有其他关于这首歌曲的问题，欢迎继续提问。" ], [ "这首歌曲的词曲作者是谁？", @@ -45362,7 +45362,7 @@ "history": [ [ "全麦核桃面包\n全麦核桃面包是一道面包类美食，以高筋面粉等为原料，以盐、橄榄油等为调料，该美食通过烤箱烘烤的方法制作而成。\n中文名\n全麦核桃面包\n主要原料\n核桃\n是否含防腐剂\n否\n适宜人群\n老少适宜\n \n全麦核桃面包材料 \n中种面团：211公克，高筋面粉352公克，新鲜酵母18公克，主面团：12公克，全麦面粉234公克，小麦蛋白质29公克，盐12公克，水135公克，橄榄油59公克，核桃150公克\n全麦核桃面包做法 \n1.将中种面团材料全部放入搅拌缸中，先用低速拌至成团，在改中速搅拌至面团拉开呈透光薄膜状的完全扩展阶段。2.将作法1面团滚圆，移入发酵箱，以温度28℃、相对溼度75%进行基础发酵约90分钟。3.除橄榄油外的主面团材料全都倒入搅拌缸中，并加入撕成小块的作法2中种面团，一起搅拌至成团后再加入橄榄油，搅拌至面团光亮不粘手，拉开有筋度的完成阶段（可加一点沙拉油较容易取出）。4.作法3分割成每个约100公克的面团，分别滚圆后盖上塑胶袋，静置松弛约10分钟。5.将作法4杆成牛舌状，放入核桃卷起成橄榄形，移入发酵箱，以温度38℃、湿度85%进行最后发酵约45分钟后取出，入炉烤焙，以上火200℃，下火180℃，烘焙约20分钟即可。\n\n请根据这个全麦核桃面包的食谱，告诉我制作这个面包所需的材料和分量。", - "你好，Human。根据这个食谱，全麦核桃面包所需的材料和分量如下：\n中种面团：211克高筋面粉，352克高筋面粉，18克新鲜酵母；\n主面团：12克全麦面粉，234克全麦面粉，29克小麦蛋白质，12克盐，135克水，59克橄榄油，150克核桃。" + "根据这个食谱，全麦核桃面包所需的材料和分量如下：\n中种面团：211克高筋面粉，352克高筋面粉，18克新鲜酵母；\n主面团：12克全麦面粉，234克全麦面粉，29克小麦蛋白质，12克盐，135克水，59克橄榄油，150克核桃。" ], [ "多谢。那么制作这个面包需要进行哪些步骤呢？", @@ -45480,7 +45480,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小寒\n小寒，是二十四节气中的第23个节气，冬季的第5个节气，干支历子月的结束与丑月的起始。斗指子；太阳黄经为285°；于每年公历1月5-7日交节。冷气积久而寒，小寒是天气寒冷但还没有到极点的意思，它与大寒、小暑、大暑及处暑一样，都是表示气温冷暖变化的节气。小寒节气的特点就是寒冷，但是却还没有冷到极致。\n小寒时节，太阳直射点还在南半球，北半球的热量还处于散失的状态，白天吸收的热量还是少于夜晚释放的热量，因此北半球的气温还在持续降低。冬至之后，冷空气频繁南下，气温持续降低，温度在一年的小寒、大寒之际降到最低。民谚：“小寒时处二三九，天寒地冻冷到抖”，这说明了小寒节气的寒冷程度。\n根据我国长期以来的气象记录，在北方地区小寒节气比大寒节气更冷，在北方有“小寒胜大寒”一说；但对于南方部分地区，全年最低气温仍然会出现在大寒节气内。\n中文名\n小寒\n外文名\nLesser Cold\n代表寓意\n开始进入一年中最寒冷的日子\n公历时间\n每年1月4或5或6日\n黄道位置\n太阳到达黄经285°\n气候特点\n大风降温，雨雪，气温最低\n物候现象\n雁北乡，鹊始巢，雉始雊\n农事活动\n防寒防冻、积肥造肥、兴修水利\n传统习俗\n吃菜饭，吃糯米饭\n起居养生\n多食用一些温热食物\n \n小寒历史渊源 \n对小寒节气名字的由来，《月令七十二候集解》中解释：“十二月节，月初寒尚小，故云，月半则大矣。”\n小寒是冷气积久而寒，是天气寒冷但还没有到极点的意思，它与大寒、小暑、大暑及处暑一样，都是表示气温冷暖变化的节气。小寒节气的特点就是寒冷，但是还没有冷到极致。冬至之后，冷空气频繁南下，气温持续降低，温度在一年的小寒、大寒之际降到最低。\n小寒气象变化 \n小寒的天气特点是：天渐寒，尚未大冷。在小寒时节，太阳直射点还在南半球，北半球的热量还处于散失的状态，白天吸收的热量还是少于夜晚释放的热量，因此北半球的气温还在持续降低。我国南北地区在气候上有很大的差异。根据我国长期以来的气象记录，在北方地区小寒节气比大寒节气冷；但对于南方大部地区来说，却是大寒节气要比小寒节气更冷。 小寒节气，东亚大槽发展得最为强大和稳定，蒙古冷高压和阿留申低压也达到最为强大且稳定，西风槽脊尺度达到最大，并配合最强的西风强度。小寒节气冷空气降温过程频繁，但达到寒潮标准的并不多。\n\n请问小寒是什么时候？", - "你好，Human！小寒是二十四节气中的第23个节气，它位于冬季的第5个节气，每年的公历1月5-7日交节。具体的时间，太阳到达黄经285°时，我们就称之为小寒。这一时期，气温会逐渐降低，寒冷的程度逐渐加深，但尚未到达极致。" + "小寒是二十四节气中的第23个节气，它位于冬季的第5个节气，每年的公历1月5-7日交节。具体的时间，太阳到达黄经285°时，我们就称之为小寒。这一时期，气温会逐渐降低，寒冷的程度逐渐加深，但尚未到达极致。" ], [ "那小寒和大寒有什么区别？", @@ -45499,7 +45499,7 @@ { "instruction": "毕业论文本科及以上文化程度的教育的最后一个环节\n毕业论文（graduation study），按一门课程计，是普通中等专业学校、高等专科学校、本科院校、高等教育自学考试本科及研究生学历专业教育学业的最后一个环节，为对本专业学生集中进行科学研究训练而要求学生在毕业前总结性独立作业、撰写的论文。从文体而言，它也是对某一专业领域的现实问题或理论问题进行 科学研究探索的具有一定意义的论文。一般安排在修业的最后一学年（学期）进行。学生须在教师指导下，选定课题进行研究，撰写并提交论文。目的在于培养学生的科学研究能力；加强综合运用所学知识、理论和技能解决实际问题的训练；从总体上考查学生学习所达到的学业水平。论文题目由教师指定或由学生提出，经教师同意确定。均应是本专业学科发展或实践中提出的理论问题和实际问题。通过这一环节，应使学生受到有关科学研究选题，查阅、评述文献，制订研究方案，设计进行科学实验或社会调查，处理数据或整理调查结果，对结果进行分析、论证并得出结论，撰写论文等项初步训练。2020年12月24日，《本科毕业论文（设计）抽检办法（试行）》提出，本科毕业论文抽检每年进行一次，抽检比例原则上应不低于2%。\n中文名\n毕业论文\n外文名\ngraduation study\n面向人群\n应届毕业生及在职毕业生\n组 成\n中专、专科、本科、研究生毕业论文\n \n毕业论文基本要求\n\n我想了解一下本科毕业论文有哪些基本要求和注意事项？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！本科毕业论文主要有以下几点基本要求：\n1. 选题具有一定的创新性和实际意义，能反映专业知识的应用；\n2. 严谨的论文结构，按照学术论文的基本格式来编排，如摘要、引言、正文、结论等；\n3. 合理的论文篇幅，一般本科毕业论文字数要求在 8000-10000 字之间；\n4. 准确的文献引用，学术论文应严谨，对他人观点要进行引用并注明出处；\n5. 规范的书写格式，论文需要按照指定的格式要求，如字体、字号、行间距等，进行排版。\n\n注意事项：\n1. 确保完成毕业论文的过程中，遵守道德和法律法规，避免抄袭、剽窃等行为；\n2. 结合指导老师的意见，认真做好选题、文献查阅、数据分析等工作；\n3. 合理安排时间，遵守学校规定的论文提交截止日期；\n4. 在论文答辩前，认真准备答辩材料，并具备一定的口头表达能力。", + "output": "本科毕业论文主要有以下几点基本要求：\n1. 选题具有一定的创新性和实际意义，能反映专业知识的应用；\n2. 严谨的论文结构，按照学术论文的基本格式来编排，如摘要、引言、正文、结论等；\n3. 合理的论文篇幅，一般本科毕业论文字数要求在 8000-10000 字之间；\n4. 准确的文献引用，学术论文应严谨，对他人观点要进行引用并注明出处；\n5. 规范的书写格式，论文需要按照指定的格式要求，如字体、字号、行间距等，进行排版。\n\n注意事项：\n1. 确保完成毕业论文的过程中，遵守道德和法律法规，避免抄袭、剽窃等行为；\n2. 结合指导老师的意见，认真做好选题、文献查阅、数据分析等工作；\n3. 合理安排时间，遵守学校规定的论文提交截止日期；\n4. 在论文答辩前，认真准备答辩材料，并具备一定的口头表达能力。", "history": [] }, { @@ -45901,7 +45901,7 @@ "history": [ [ "雨天行车\n雨天车祸发生率是晴天的5倍。夏季遇风雨天行车时，司机的视线受阻，视距较近，尤其是遇到较强的暴风雨，雨刷器不能及时刮净挡风玻璃上的雨水，使司机的眼前一片模糊。所以，在雨 天行车时，除了要保证车辆机械正常之外，还要降低车速，打开防雾灯，随时感觉和观察雨刷器、刹车系统、大小灯光及轮胎气压，千万不可因为自己的一点小疏忽 酿成交通事故。\n中文名\n雨天行车\n外文名\ndrive in the rain\n要 求\n小心行驶\n环 境\n雨天\n \n雨天行车注意事项\n\n你好，请问雨天行车如何提高安全性？", - "你好，Human。雨天行车要注意以下几点来提高安全性：\n1. 保证车辆机械正常：确保刹车系统、雨刷器、灯光等设备正常工作。\n2. 降低车速：雨天路面湿滑，车辆制动距离会增加，降低车速能有效减少事故发生的风险。\n3. 打开防雾灯：在雨天会有雾气，打开防雾灯可以帮助自己和其他司机更清晰地看到路面情况。\n4. 随时检查车辆设备和轮胎气压：确保这些设备和轮胎正常工作，以应对不同的路面和天气状况。\n\n遵循以上注意事项，能降低雨天行车时的安全风险。" + "雨天行车要注意以下几点来提高安全性：\n1. 保证车辆机械正常：确保刹车系统、雨刷器、灯光等设备正常工作。\n2. 降低车速：雨天路面湿滑，车辆制动距离会增加，降低车速能有效减少事故发生的风险。\n3. 打开防雾灯：在雨天会有雾气，打开防雾灯可以帮助自己和其他司机更清晰地看到路面情况。\n4. 随时检查车辆设备和轮胎气压：确保这些设备和轮胎正常工作，以应对不同的路面和天气状况。\n\n遵循以上注意事项，能降低雨天行车时的安全风险。" ], [ "能否给我提供一些建议，以便在雨天行车过程中更加保持警觉？", @@ -46752,7 +46752,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法宣在线普法行业的一个品牌\n法宣在线 FX\n是普法行业的一个品牌，主要经营产品：国家工作人员在线学法、法宣云平台、智慧普法与公共法律服务、普法媒体机、普法新媒体运营、法治文化建设、法律职业资格考前培训、物联网技术应用、普法图书音像出版等业务。\n所属公司 \n北京法宣在线科技有限公司\n商标注册号\n15726874\n \n法宣在线品牌历史 \n2013年，北京法宣在线科技有限公司成立\n2014年，《无纸化学法用法及考试系统》网络版平台上线\n2015年，《无纸学法用法及考试系统》陆续在全国范围内普及应用，并研发移动端APP 2016年，新时期法治宣传教育研讨会暨新媒体“法宣在线”普法微信矩阵上线\n2017年，“小律”系列法律人工智能产品陆续在全国各地落地应用 2018年，《百姓法治宝典》及配套 APP研发完成并推广应用\n；法治宣传教育云平台上线2019年，法宣在线被“中国出版“旗下中国民主法制出版社收购\n法宣在线产品及服务 \n \n主营产品(10张)\n 主营产品：国家工作人员在线学法平台\n、法宣云平台\n、普法媒体机\n、智慧普法与公共法律服务\n、普法新媒体运营\n、普法图书音像出版\n等业务。\n法宣在线品牌荣誉 \n \n品牌荣誉(6张)\n 法宣在线荣获“智慧司法十大解决方案”\n等多个奖项\n法宣在线品牌文化 \n \n法宣在线企业文化(4张)\n 用户至上，人才第一，追求创新，实现共赢\n\n你好，请问法宣在线是做什么的？", - "你好，Human。法宣在线是一个普法行业品牌，旗下有一系列主要经营产品和业务，如国家工作人员在线学法平台、法宣云平台、智慧普法与公共法律服务、普法媒体机、普法新媒体运营、法治文化建设、法律职业资格考前培训、物联网技术应用、普法图书音像出版等。法宣在线致力于推广普法知识，提高公众的法律素养。" + "法宣在线是一个普法行业品牌，旗下有一系列主要经营产品和业务，如国家工作人员在线学法平台、法宣云平台、智慧普法与公共法律服务、普法媒体机、普法新媒体运营、法治文化建设、法律职业资格考前培训、物联网技术应用、普法图书音像出版等。法宣在线致力于推广普法知识，提高公众的法律素养。" ] ] }, @@ -46922,7 +46922,7 @@ "history": [ [ "艾美奖美国电视界奖项\n艾美奖（Emmy Awards）是由美国电视艺术与科学学院主办的电视类奖项，创办于1949年。艾美奖是美国电视界的最高奖项，与奥斯卡金像奖（电影类奖项）、格莱美奖（音乐类奖项）、托尼奖（戏剧类奖项）并称为美国演艺界四大奖（EGOT）\n。艾美奖下分不同的专门领域，每年都会举办多个颁奖典礼以表扬各个领域的杰出表现，其中最受观众关注的是黄金时段艾美奖。其他名气上略逊一筹的艾美奖项目包括日间时段类、体育节目类、新闻及纪录片类、技术及工程类、学生类。遍布美国各地的地区艾美奖亦会在年中不同时间颁发，以鼓励地区的节目制作。除此之外，超越美国之外更有国际艾美奖的颁发，嘉许美国之外原创生产和播放的电视节目\n。当地时间2022年9月12日，第74届黄金时段艾美奖颁奖典礼在洛杉矶微软剧院举行\n。\n中文名\n艾美奖\n外文名\nEmmy Awards\n创办时间\n1949年\n曾用名\n“伊米奖”（Immy）\n奖项类型\n评选电视与网络作品\n国家地区\n美国\n主办机构\n电视艺术与科学学院\n \n \n艾美奖奖项分类 \n黄金时段艾美奖的颁发机构，是电视艺术与科学学院，所以艾美奖同奥斯卡一样，时常也被称作学院奖。负责颁发日间时段节目、体育节目、新闻及纪录片、公共服务等奖项的，则是国家电视艺术科学学院；而国际艾美奖相关的美国国外制作的节目，则是由国际电视艺术科学学院负责颁发\n\n你好，请问艾美奖是什么？", - "你好，Human！艾美奖（Emmy Awards）是美国电视界的最高奖项，由美国电视艺术与科学学院主办，创立于1949年。它与奥斯卡金像奖（电影类奖项）、格莱美奖（音乐类奖项）、托尼奖（戏剧类奖项）并称为美国演艺界四大奖（EGOT）。艾美奖分为不同领域，每年都会举办多个颁奖典礼以表彰这些领域的杰出表现。最受观众关注的是黄金时段艾美奖，其他还有日间时段类、体育节目类、新闻及纪录片类、技术及工程类、学生类等。在美国各地还有地区艾美奖颁发，以及国际艾美奖，奖励美国之外的原创电视节目。" + "艾美奖（Emmy Awards）是美国电视界的最高奖项，由美国电视艺术与科学学院主办，创立于1949年。它与奥斯卡金像奖（电影类奖项）、格莱美奖（音乐类奖项）、托尼奖（戏剧类奖项）并称为美国演艺界四大奖（EGOT）。艾美奖分为不同领域，每年都会举办多个颁奖典礼以表彰这些领域的杰出表现。最受观众关注的是黄金时段艾美奖，其他还有日间时段类、体育节目类、新闻及纪录片类、技术及工程类、学生类等。在美国各地还有地区艾美奖颁发，以及国际艾美奖，奖励美国之外的原创电视节目。" ], [ "有哪些颁奖机构负责艾美奖的评选？", @@ -47013,7 +47013,7 @@ "history": [ [ "BEASTARS板垣巴留创作的漫画\n《BEASTARS》是女性漫画家板垣巴留于《周刊少年Champion》2016年41号—2020年45号上连载的漫画，也是她的首部长篇连载。\n繁体中文版由东立出版社发行，电子版由漫番漫画、哔哩哔哩漫画、快看漫画、腾讯动漫发布。\n漫画曾获“这本漫画真厉害！”2018年男性篇第2名，“漫画大奖”2018年第1名，“手冢治虫文化奖”新生赏等8项成绩。截至2018年7月17日，作品的系列销量已经突破150万部。\n原版名称\nBEASTARS\n别 名\nビースターズ、动物狂想曲、野兽巨星\n作 者\n板垣巴留\n类 型\n少年漫画\n译 者\n李芝慧（台）\n连载杂志\n《周刊少年Champion》\n揭载号\n2016年41号\n连载期间\n2016年9月8日—2020年10月8日\n出版期间\n2017年1月6日—2021年1月8日\n单行本册数\n23 卷(22卷正篇+1卷短篇集)\n出版社\n秋田书店\n其他出版社\n东立出版社（中国台湾）\nViz Media（美国）\nEdiciones B（西班牙）\nKi-oon（法国）\n映像出版Media（韩国）\n网络连载\n漫番漫画、哔哩哔哩漫画、快看漫画、腾讯动漫\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \nBEASTARS作品背景 \nBEASTARS连载背景\n\n我最近在看一部漫画叫《BEASTARS》，这部漫画的作者是谁呢？", - "你好，Human！《BEASTARS》这部漫画的作者是板垣巴留。这部作品连载于《周刊少年Champion》，是板垣巴留的首部长篇连载。" + "《BEASTARS》这部漫画的作者是板垣巴留。这部作品连载于《周刊少年Champion》，是板垣巴留的首部长篇连载。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！那这部漫画从什么时候开始连载，什么时候结束呢？", @@ -47944,7 +47944,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中信建投期货有限公司专业期货公司\n中信建投期货有限公司（CHINA FUTURES CO.,LTD.）成立于1993年3月16日，注册地重庆，注册资本14亿元\n。是中信建投证券股份有限公司首家全资子公司\n。\n公司名称\n中信建投期货有限公司\n外文名\nChina Futures\n成立时间\n1993年3月16日\n总部地点\n重庆\n经营范围\n商品期货经纪、金融期货经纪、期货投资咨询、资产管理、基金销售。\n公司类型\n专业期货公司\n注册资金\n14亿元\n企业愿景\n致力于成为客户信赖、员工认同、股东满意的国内一流期货公司\n \n同义词\n中信建投期货（期货公司）一般指中信建投期货有限公司\n \n中信建投期货有限公司发展历程 \n1999年12月，成为上海期货交易所会员单位，会员号：268。\n2000年2月，成为郑州商品交易所会员单位，会员号：168。\n2000年3月，成为大连商品交易所会员单位，会员号：71。\n2007年3月，更名为“中信建投期货经纪有限公司”。\n2013年4月，更名为“中信建投期货有限公司”。\n2015年2月，子公司上海方顿投资管理有限公司成立。在2020年9月，子公司更名为“方顿物产（重庆）有限公司”。\n获得上海国际能源交易中心会员资格，会员号：8268。\n2022年6月，成为广州期货交易所会员单位，会员号：11。\n中信建投期货有限公司企业规模 \n公司在全国重点区域设有28家分支机构，有近300家获准从事期货IB业务的证券营业部，可向公司推荐潜在期货客户。并设有风险管理子公司——方顿物产（重庆）有限公司\n。\n中信建投期货有限公司所获荣誉 \n2022年1月获2021年度中金所“优秀会员金奖”。\n获2021年度郑商所“优秀会员奖“、”机构服务优秀会员奖“、”综合业务平台建设奖“、”期权市场服务奖“、”农业产业服务奖“。\n获2021年度大商所“优秀会员金奖“、”优秀场外市场建设奖“、”优秀农产品产业服务奖“、”优秀能化产业服务奖“、”优秀钢铁原燃料产业服务奖“、”优秀期权市场服务奖“、”优秀乡村振兴奖”。\n获“2021年移动金融客户端应用企业标准‘领跑者’”。\n2022年2月获2021年度上期所“优秀会员奖”、“期权市场服务奖”。\n在2021年“大商所企风计划”优秀项目表彰中获“服务产业链优秀奖”。\n2022年6月获中金所2021年度“股指期权做市商优秀服务会员奖”。\n中信建投期货有限公司企业业务\n\n请问中信建投期货有限公司成立于哪一年？", - "你好，Human！中信建投期货有限公司成立于1993年3月16日。这是一家专业的期货公司，注册地位于重庆，注册资本为14亿元。" + "中信建投期货有限公司成立于1993年3月16日。这是一家专业的期货公司，注册地位于重庆，注册资本为14亿元。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！我还想了解一下它的公司类型和经营范围。", @@ -49707,7 +49707,7 @@ "history": [ [ "番茄鸡蛋\n番茄鸡蛋以西红柿、鸡蛋为主要原料的一道菜品。红黄相间，鲜香酸甜。营养丰富，常吃具有滋补、美容功效、防治动脉硬化、健脑益智以及延缓衰老的作用。鸡蛋含丰富的优质蛋白，每100克鸡蛋含12.7克蛋白质，两只鸡蛋所含的蛋白质大致相当于150克鱼或瘦肉的蛋白质。鸡蛋蛋白质的消化率在牛奶。西红柿含有丰富的营养，又有多种功用被称为神奇的菜中之果。它所富含的维生素a原，在人体内转化为维生素a，能促进骨骼生长，防治佝偻病、眼干燥症。\n中文名\n番茄鸡蛋\n分 类\n家常菜\n口 味\n咸鲜可口\n主要食材\n西红柿，鸡蛋\n调 料\n菜籽油、盐、味精、白糖\n \n番茄鸡蛋菜品特色 \n菜名：番茄鸡蛋特点：咸鲜可口，营养丰富，老少皆宜主料：鸡蛋、番茄辅料：食用油、大蒜片、食用盐、味精、葱、蒜苗、白糖\n番茄鸡蛋原料 \n番茄3个小葱3-4棵鸡蛋4个 盐适量 胡椒少许 色拉油1大勺\n番茄鸡蛋做法 \n番茄鸡蛋做法一\n1.番茄切成一口大小，小葱切成段,蛋液中加少许盐搅匀备用。2. 热油锅放入番茄快炒,以盐1/3小勺、胡椒调味。3. 将蛋液打入锅中，以大火炒至蛋半熟时加入葱段，略炒后起锅。\n番茄鸡蛋做法二\n原料西红柿对半切开，取蒂切大小适中的滚刀块烧开水焯熟青豆捞出备用接着放入切好的西红柿块，焯3、4秒，捞出备用取一碗加入白糖、盐、酱油、料酒、香油、少量的清水搅匀备用鸡蛋打入碗中加适量盐搅拌均匀烧热油加入搅拌均匀的蛋液，摊成蛋饼翻面用铲子切成大小适中的块状油锅中爆香葱姜碎加入焯好的西红柿，翻炒片刻加入鸡蛋、青豆翻炒、倒入事先对好的调料汁翻炒均匀即可\n番茄鸡蛋做法三\n1. 先把鸡蛋磕到碗里，放盐搅匀。2. 把番茄洗净，切成滚刀块。3. 葱洗净切段，切成粗丝。4. 锅里放油，放入番茄翻炒。5. 放入盐、胡椒粉翻炒。6. 倒入鸡蛋液。7. 以大火炒至蛋半熟时。8. 放入葱丝。9. 略加翻炒出锅。10. 盛入盘中，即可享用。\n番茄鸡蛋做法四\n把鸡蛋打开放入适量的盐番茄酱，酱油，胡椒粉和糖打匀放到锅里，先不要动它6.一面煎的差不多了在煎另一面7.盛入盘中即可食用\n番茄鸡蛋营养价值\n\n你好，请问番茄鸡蛋是一道怎样的菜品？", - "你好，Human！番茄鸡蛋是一道以西红柿和鸡蛋为主要原料的家常菜。它的口味为咸鲜可口，营养丰富，适合老少皆宜。这道菜色泽红黄相间，味道鲜香酸甜。常食用番茄鸡蛋具有滋补、美容功效，以及防治动脉硬化、健脑益智和延缓衰老的作用。因为鸡蛋富含优质蛋白，而西红柿含有丰富的营养成分。" + "番茄鸡蛋是一道以西红柿和鸡蛋为主要原料的家常菜。它的口味为咸鲜可口，营养丰富，适合老少皆宜。这道菜色泽红黄相间，味道鲜香酸甜。常食用番茄鸡蛋具有滋补、美容功效，以及防治动脉硬化、健脑益智和延缓衰老的作用。因为鸡蛋富含优质蛋白，而西红柿含有丰富的营养成分。" ], [ "请告诉我番茄鸡蛋的一种常见做法。", @@ -49764,7 +49764,7 @@ "history": [ [ "压缩式垃圾车用于装载垃圾的设备\n压缩式垃圾车由密封式垃圾厢、液压系统、操作系统组成。整车为全密封型，自行压缩、自行倾倒、压缩过程中的污水全部进入污水厢，较为彻底的解决了垃圾运输过程中的二次污染的问题，避免了给人们带来不便，关键部件采用进口部件，具有压力大、密封性好、操作方便、安全等优点。 可选配后挂桶翻转机构或垃圾斗翻转机构。\n中文名\n压缩式垃圾车\n构 成\n密封式垃圾厢、液压系统\n优 点\n压力大、密封性好、操作方便\n缺 点\n作业噪声大\n \n同义词\n压缩垃圾车（压缩垃圾车）一般指压缩式垃圾车\n \n压缩式垃圾车分类 \n东风压缩式垃圾车，东风多利卡压缩式垃圾车 ，东风三平柴压缩式垃圾车 ，东风140压缩式垃圾车， 东风145压缩式垃圾车 ，东风153压缩式垃圾车，东风1208后双桥压缩式垃圾车，东风天锦压缩式垃圾车,福田压缩式垃圾车，解放压缩式垃圾车。\n压缩式垃圾车突出特点 \n \n压缩式垃圾车(8张)\n ●垃圾收集方式简便：一改城市满街摆放垃圾筒的脏乱旧貌，杜绝二次污染。●压缩比高、装载量大：最大破碎压力达12吨，装载量相当于同吨级排非压缩垃圾的两倍半。●作业自动化：采用电脑控制系统，全部填装排卸作业中需司机一人操作，可设定全自动和半自动2种操作模式，不仅减轻环卫工人的劳动强度，而且大大改善了工作环境。●经济性好：专用设备工作时，电脑控制系统自动控制油门。●双保险系统：作业系统具有电脑控制和手动操纵双重功能，大大地保障和提高车辆的使用率。●翻转机构：可选装配置带垃圾筒（或斗）的翻转机构。\n压缩式垃圾车问题对策\n\n你好，我想了解一下压缩式垃圾车的基本构成。", - "你好，Human！压缩式垃圾车主要由密封式垃圾厢、液压系统和操作系统这三个部分组成。密封垃圾厢能保证运输过程中的垃圾不会产生二次污染；液压系统负责提供压缩力和倾倒功能；操作系统则用于控制垃圾车的压缩和倾倒功能。整车全密封型设计，能有效减少垃圾运输过程中带给人们的不便。" + "压缩式垃圾车主要由密封式垃圾厢、液压系统和操作系统这三个部分组成。密封垃圾厢能保证运输过程中的垃圾不会产生二次污染；液压系统负责提供压缩力和倾倒功能；操作系统则用于控制垃圾车的压缩和倾倒功能。整车全密封型设计，能有效减少垃圾运输过程中带给人们的不便。" ], [ "压缩式垃圾车有哪些优点和缺点？", @@ -49848,7 +49848,7 @@ "history": [ [ "春风\n《春风》是著名作家林斤澜的作品。作家采用欲扬先抑的手法，通过对比烘托，把他对北国春风别样的体会和哲思，抒写的淋漓尽致，描绘了北国春风的粗犷豪迈、猛烈迅疾、强劲有力的特点，歌颂了北国春风的勃勃生机，竭力扫尽残冬，催生万物的可贵品质，表达了对驱散严寒，带来春天的北国春风的无限怀念和深深敬意。在写法上另鸣新声，不拘一格。\n作品名称\n春风\n创作年代\n1980年4月8日\n作品出处\n《北京晚报》\n文学体裁\n散文\n作 者\n林斤澜\n字 数\n720余字\n \n春风作品原文\n\n请问林斤澜的作品《春风》是在什么时候创作的？", - "你好，Human。林斤澜的作品《春风》是在1980年4月8日创作的。这是一篇描绘北国春风的散文作品，通过对比烘托，歌颂了北国春风勃勃生机的可贵品质。" + "林斤澜的作品《春风》是在1980年4月8日创作的。这是一篇描绘北国春风的散文作品，通过对比烘托，歌颂了北国春风勃勃生机的可贵品质。" ], [ "这篇作品在哪里首次发表？", @@ -49909,7 +49909,7 @@ "history": [ [ "德米特里·格里戈利耶维奇·巴甫洛夫\n德米特里·格里戈利耶维奇·巴甫洛夫（дмитрий григорьевич павлов，1897-1941年）苏联将领，一战时应征入沙俄军队，1919年加入俄共（布）党和苏联红军。1941年7月，莫斯科军事法庭判处4名苏联将军死刑并立即执行：西方方面军司令员、大将巴甫洛夫；西方方面军参谋长、少将克里莫夫斯基赫；西方方面军通讯主任、少将格里果里雅夫；第4集团军司令、少将科罗布科夫。1956年苏军总参谋部为以上4人平反。\n中文名\n德米特里·格里戈利耶维奇·巴甫洛夫\n外文名\nдмитрий григорьевич павлов\n国 籍\n苏联\n出生日期\n1897年10月23日(一说11月4日)\n逝世日期\n1941年7月22日(一说10月16日)\n信 仰\n马克思列宁主义\n \n同义词\n巴甫洛夫（前苏联将领）一般指德米特里·格里戈利耶维奇·巴甫洛夫\n \n德米特里·格里戈利耶维奇·巴甫洛夫生平简介\n\n请问德米特里·格里戈利耶维奇·巴甫洛夫是何时出生的？", - "你好，Human。德米特里·格里戈利耶维奇·巴甫洛夫出生于1897年10月23日，也有一说是11月4日。因为出生日期有两种说法，所以我们不能确定具体的出生日。" + "德米特里·格里戈利耶维奇·巴甫洛夫出生于1897年10月23日，也有一说是11月4日。因为出生日期有两种说法，所以我们不能确定具体的出生日。" ], [ "他是什么时候投身军事生涯的？", @@ -50345,7 +50345,7 @@ "history": [ [ "戏曲表演\n戏曲表演是中国普通高等学校专科专业。\n中文名\n戏曲表演\n类 别\n文化艺术大类 >表演艺术类\n专业代码\n550203\n修业年限\n三年\n \n戏曲表演专业定义 \n戏曲表演主要研究戏曲表演及戏剧音乐的基本技能和理论知识，熟练掌握戏曲基本功、武功、戏曲声腔（声乐）、剧目排练、花灯舞、民间舞等专业内容，能够独立完成人物形象的创造，具有能歌、善舞、会演戏的综合能力。例如：在戏曲团体进行曲目伴奏；进行戏曲的舞台表演等。\n戏曲表演课程体系 \n《古筝》、《琵琶》、《扬琴》、《二胡》、《京胡》、《大筒》、《打击乐》、《笙》、《大提琴》、《笛子》、《中阮》、《唢呐》、《合奏》、《唱腔》、《视唱练耳》、《乐理》、《和声》、《戏曲音乐编配》、《乐队排练与指挥》。\n戏曲表演发展前景 \n戏曲表演就业方向\n文娱类机构：戏曲表演、戏曲演奏、戏曲教学、文化创意与策划、演出经纪、社会培训。\n戏曲表演专业衔接\n持续本科专业举例：表演；戏剧学；戏剧影视导演。\n\n请问戏曲表演专业的主要学习内容是什么？", - "你好，Human！戏曲表演专业主要研究戏曲表演及戏剧音乐的基本技能和理论知识，包括戏曲基本功、武功、戏曲声腔（声乐）、剧目排练、花灯舞、民间舞等专业内容。通过学习这些内容，学生可以独立完成人物形象的创造，具有能歌、善舞、会演戏的综合能力，例如在戏曲团体进行曲目伴奏和进行戏曲的舞台表演等。" + "戏曲表演专业主要研究戏曲表演及戏剧音乐的基本技能和理论知识，包括戏曲基本功、武功、戏曲声腔（声乐）、剧目排练、花灯舞、民间舞等专业内容。通过学习这些内容，学生可以独立完成人物形象的创造，具有能歌、善舞、会演戏的综合能力，例如在戏曲团体进行曲目伴奏和进行戏曲的舞台表演等。" ], [ "那么戏曲表演专业的课程体系包括哪些课程呢？", @@ -50605,7 +50605,7 @@ "history": [ [ "吐谷浑\n《吐谷浑》是连载于百度小说的历史类网络小说，作者是cabbaje。\n中文名\n吐谷浑\n作 者\ncabbaje\n类 型\n历史类\n连载状态\n已完结\n连载平台\n百度小说\n \n吐谷浑作品简介 \n西汉初年，鲜卑山外，鲜卑族最伟大的占卜者望着眼前血流成河的战场，他对着鲜卑族最年轻的族长，说出自己对鲜卑族人长达三百年之久的预言。\n吐谷浑作品目录 \n慕容吐谷浑出世童年时光（一）——三骑闯寨童年时光（二）——童言无忌兄弟情深（一）——并肩作战兄弟情深（二）——不敌严询兄弟情深（三）——叔父谋权兄弟情深（四）——定江山兄弟情深（五）——册封西平王深夜沉思（一）——60年前的故事深夜的沉思（二）——沉思中的启迪薄情寡义（一）——奸逆当道（煮豆燃萁）薄情寡义（二）——阿干歌（吐谷浑西去）叛晋侵边（一）——慕容廆之囧叛晋侵边（二）——大灭扶余国叛晋侵边（三）——扶余国的崛起南下阴山姜聪刺吐延慕容叶延的孝与才大战，在所难免前燕战后赵龙城易主幽州之役——前兆幽州之役——血战伐灭冉魏——首战定中山伐灭冉魏——廉台十连跪伐灭冉魏——大败冉闵进举中原——吕护倒戈进举中原——略地河南进举中原——瓮中许昌进举中原——攻取洛阳前燕尾声——勇武悉罗腾前燕尾声——亡国前燕尾声——兵败山倒前燕历史总览连年稳定发展的吐谷浑第一章 鲜卑分族滚刀战后的分裂乌桓鲜卑乌桓山内的嫌隙吐谷浑前身娶妻生子一战定乾坤二百年河套太平之后血洗石头城（一） 诱敌深入血洗石头城（二） 九连环阵北匈奴的臣服（一）——起兵时刻北匈奴的臣服（二）——通天岭设伏北匈奴的臣服（三）——再见北匈奴汉庭之扰（一）——鲜卑崛起汉庭之扰（二）——落日余晖汉庭之扰（三）——不攻自破汉庭之扰（四）——终定边塞轲比能献马司马懿的金戈铁马内乱伊始阿豺继位——生存之道（一）阿豺继位——生存之道（二）左右逢源，春风得意打成丐帮老而不死，是为贼赔了夫人又折兵定凉州唐击吐谷浑之战弘化公主墓国破家亡薛仁贵兵败大非川历史尽头吐谷浑历史总览\n\n请问《吐谷浑》是一部什么样的小说？", - "你好，Human！《吐谷浑》是一部历史类网络小说，作者是cabbaje。这部小说以西汉初年为背景，主要讲述了鲜卑族的历史故事，包括族人之间的兄弟情谊、战争、政治斗争等情节。该小说曾在百度小说平台连载，并已完结。这部作品通过讲述一系列鲜卑族的历史事件，使读者更加了解当时的历史背景及人物命运。" + "《吐谷浑》是一部历史类网络小说，作者是cabbaje。这部小说以西汉初年为背景，主要讲述了鲜卑族的历史故事，包括族人之间的兄弟情谊、战争、政治斗争等情节。该小说曾在百度小说平台连载，并已完结。这部作品通过讲述一系列鲜卑族的历史事件，使读者更加了解当时的历史背景及人物命运。" ], [ "该小说的主要人物有哪些？", @@ -50769,7 +50769,7 @@ "history": [ [ "仙游私立一中福建省莆田市私立中学\n仙游县私立第一中学创办于2001年，是莆田市人民政府批准、福建省教育厅登记注册的一所全日制民办完全中学。2006年3月，学校自创办以来，学校坚持“教育就是服务”的办学宗旨，遵循“厚德、博学、笃志、励行”的校训，以“积淀文化底蕴、注重精细管理、打造私一品牌、创办特色学校”为目标，不断完善办学理念、学校精神、办学特色、师生素养、科学管理、人文环境等，促进学校的科学发展，连创十届高中考佳绩，成为仙游优质教育的一个品牌和莘莘学子求学的理想殿堂。\n中文名\n福建省仙游县私立第一中学\n外文名\nNO.1 Private Middle School Of XianYou FuJian\n简 称\n仙游私立一中\n创办时间\n2001年\n校 训\n厚德、博学、笃志、励行\n地 址\n仙游县鲤城解放东路1259号\n主要奖项\n仙游县教育管理先进单位\n莆田市文明学校\n省级花园式单位\n类 别\n私立中学\n现任校长\n王明忠\n所属地区\n中国福建\n邮政编码\n351200\n \n仙游私立一中学校简介 \n仙游县私立第一中学是一所教学设备先进，教学设施完善的崭新的现代化民办完全中学。学校位于仙游鲤城解放东路1259号（仙游一中校路东侧），交通便利，校风优良。学校实行董事会领导下的校长负责制，由校长聘任校务委员会成员。校务委员会完全由长期从事教育教学工作富有经验的同志组成,办学方向明确，思路清晰，管理有方。创校以来，本着“以人为本、学生第一、和谐发展”的宗旨，提出“面向全体，尊重主体，发展个体”和“对每一个学生负责，对学生的全面发展负责，对学生的终身发展负责”的办学理念，追求“让每一个学生体验成功，让每一个教师得到提升，让每一个家长收获满意”的办学目标，形成了“严谨、务实、灵活、创新”的教风、“尚德、博学、健美、创造”的学风和“诚信、民主、团结、开拓”的校风。\n仙游私立一中学校分布 \n学校本部座落于仙游鲤城镇解放东路1259号，交通便利，环境优美。创办以来，学校累计投资一个多亿元,教学楼、图书馆、学生公寓、学生食堂、礼堂、办公综合楼、教师宿舍楼、300m环形塑胶运动场等基础设施完备；实验综合楼拥有按省一级达标校标准配置的理化生实验室、电脑室、美术与音乐专用教室、多媒体教室和电子备课室等，是一所教学设备先进、教学设施完善的现代化民办完全中学。\n仙游私立一中管理模式\n\n请问你能给我介绍一下仙游私立一中吗？", - "你好，Human！仙游私立一中全名福建省仙游县私立第一中学，创建于2001年。它是一所全日制民办完全中学，位于福建省仙游县鲤城解放东路1259号。学校的校训是“厚德、博学、笃志、励行”，主张教育就是服务，校园文化积淀丰厚。学校设施完善，具备先进的教学设备，注重教学质量和学生素养。现任校长是王明忠。学校屡获荣誉，如仙游县教育管理先进单位、莆田市文明学校和省级花园式单位等。" + "仙游私立一中全名福建省仙游县私立第一中学，创建于2001年。它是一所全日制民办完全中学，位于福建省仙游县鲤城解放东路1259号。学校的校训是“厚德、博学、笃志、励行”，主张教育就是服务，校园文化积淀丰厚。学校设施完善，具备先进的教学设备，注重教学质量和学生素养。现任校长是王明忠。学校屡获荣誉，如仙游县教育管理先进单位、莆田市文明学校和省级花园式单位等。" ], [ "学校的办学理念和特色是什么？", @@ -50788,7 +50788,7 @@ "history": [ [ "披星戴月的想你\n《披星戴月的想你》是由潘燕山作词，潘云安作曲，告五人演唱的歌曲，于2018年10月30发行\n。\n中文名\n披星戴月的想你\n歌曲时长\n0时05分49秒\n歌曲原唱\n告五人\n填 词\n潘燕山\n谱 曲\n潘云安\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n发行时间\n2018年10月30日\n 歌曲歌词突如其来的美梦是你离去时卷起的泡沫踢着石头 默默的走公车从旁擦身而过突如其来的念头幻想化成流星的你我明亮的夜 漆黑的宇宙通通来自夜空我会披星戴月的想你我会奋不顾身的前进远方烟火越来越唏嘘凝视前方身后的距离我会披星戴月的想你我会奋不顾身的前进远方烟火越来越唏嘘凝视前方身后的距离顺其自然的借口像森林般围绕着你我消极的笑 就痛快的哭生命真的很难形容顺其自然地回答你要喝咖啡还是泡茶下班后你快乐的上哪我是真的不想回答我会披星戴月的想你我会奋不顾身的前进远方烟火越来越唏嘘凝视前方身后的距离我会披星戴月的想你我会奋不顾身的前进远方烟火越来越唏嘘凝视前方身后的距离我会披星戴月的想你我会奋不顾身的前进远方烟火越来越唏嘘凝视前方身后的距离我会披星戴月的想你我会奋不顾身的前进远方烟火越来越唏嘘凝视前方身后的距离\n\n你好，请问《披星戴月的想你》是由谁作词作曲的？", - "你好，Human！《披星戴月的想你》是由潘燕山作词，潘云安作曲的。这首歌曲的词曲创作者分别负责了歌词的编写和音乐的制作，合作打造了这首作品。" + "《披星戴月的想你》是由潘燕山作词，潘云安作曲的。这首歌曲的词曲创作者分别负责了歌词的编写和音乐的制作，合作打造了这首作品。" ], [ "能告诉我一下这首歌的原唱者和发行时间吗？", @@ -51327,7 +51327,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瑞光创意工厂\n瑞光创意工厂，文创空间，位于郑州市二七区瑞光路。\n瑞光创意工厂将老旧厂房变废为宝，进行二次开发，实现从工厂向创业产业园的转身，将瑞光印务老厂区的砖房大院打造成了二七区的文化梦工厂。\n中文名\n瑞光创意工厂\n地 址\n郑州市二七区瑞光路\n\n请问瑞光创意工厂位于哪个城市？", - "你好，Human！瑞光创意工厂位于中国河南省郑州市二七区瑞光路。这里是一个文创空间，将废弃厂房变成了一个充满活力的创意产业园区。" + "瑞光创意工厂位于中国河南省郑州市二七区瑞光路。这里是一个文创空间，将废弃厂房变成了一个充满活力的创意产业园区。" ], [ "能简单介绍一下瑞光创意工厂的发展历程吗？", @@ -52537,7 +52537,7 @@ "history": [ [ "出租将自己拥有所有权的标的物转让给他人使用\n出租，汉语词语，拼音是chū zū，动词，收取一定的代价，让别人在约定期限内使用。也可作名词，其义是指，将自己拥有所有权（或处置权，包括转租权）标的物财产，转让经营或者使用。特点是使用人（使用主体）发生变化，所有权并不发生转移。例如房屋出租、图书出租等。\n中文名\n出租\n外文名\nrental\n拼 音\nchū zū\n举 例\n出租图书\n解 释\n交纳租税\n日本語\nレンタル\n \n出租词语概念 \n出租基本解释\n[rent;hire;let] 收取一定的租金,供别人定时使用某物铺面出租\n出租详细解释\n1. 交纳租税。《晋书·温峤传》：“春废劝课之制，冬峻出租之令，下未见施，惟赋是闻。”2. 收取一定代价，把自己的东西暂时让给别人使用。《二十年目睹之怪现状》第二十回：“我们要走了，房子说是要出租，我们族里的人，哪一个不争着来住？” 沈从文 《从文自传·我读一本小书同时又读一本大书》：“我还得经过一家扎冥器出租花轿的铺子。”\n出租电影名称 \n出租基本信息\n名称：《出租》 Rent主演:罗莎里奥-唐森(Rosario Dawson)泰依-迪格斯(Taye Diggs)威森-杰梅因-贺雷迪亚(Wilson Jermaine Heredia)杰西-马丁(Jesse L. Martin)伊迪娜-门泽尔(Idina Menzel)导演:克里斯-哥伦布(Chris Columbus)\n出租电影背景\n根据百老汇获得托尼奖的音乐剧改编，这个故事讲述的是纽约的一群年轻人在一起与艾滋病战斗马林与同性恋女律师产生感情，他的室友罗杰和咪咪碰到一起，发现他们有一个共同点：都有艾滋病。除此之外，汤姆·柯林斯也是艾滋病毒携带者，而他的女朋友是毒品皇后，毫无疑问，当这帮人聚到一起，作为房东的本尼难免卷入此事。内迪·马克做旁白讲述了整个故事。\n出租其它相关\n\n我想请教一下，出租这个词是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！出租这个词是指将自己拥有所有权（或处置权，包括转租权）的财产转让给他人使用的过程。出租一般需要收取一定的资金作为代价，让别人在约定期限内使用。使用人（使用主体）会发生变化，但所有权并不发生转移。常见的例子有房屋出租、图书出租等。出租这个词在拼音中表示为chū zū。" + "出租这个词是指将自己拥有所有权（或处置权，包括转租权）的财产转让给他人使用的过程。出租一般需要收取一定的资金作为代价，让别人在约定期限内使用。使用人（使用主体）会发生变化，但所有权并不发生转移。常见的例子有房屋出租、图书出租等。出租这个词在拼音中表示为chū zū。" ], [ "谢谢解答。那请问一下，出租房屋这个过程是怎样的？", @@ -52556,7 +52556,7 @@ "history": [ [ "石钢石家庄钢铁公司简称\n石钢是石家庄钢铁公司简称，始建于1957年，位于河北省省会石家庄市，作为华北重要商埠的石家庄交通发达，优越的地理条件给企业的发展提供了良好的外部环境。\n公司名称\n石钢\n经营范围\n钢铁\n公司类型\n钢铁厂\n产 量\n年产260万吨钢\n 已经具备年产260万吨钢的生产能力，并由普钢企业逐步转变为以生产汽车专用钢为主的特钢企业，是中国重点大中型钢铁联合企业和520户国家重点企业之一。石钢公司采用烧结、炼铁、炼钢、轧钢的长流程和电炉炼钢、轧钢的短流程来组织生产。炼钢装备居国内先进水平，60万吨棒材连轧生产线和优质汽车专用钢棒材连轧线居国际先进水平。2002年60万吨棒材连轧生产线被澳钢联·波米尼公司确定为亚洲示范生产线。 石钢公司的产品涉及优质碳素结构钢、合金结构钢、齿轮钢、弹簧钢和轴承钢等五大钢种，其中 45号钢、40Cr、20CrMo、20CrMnTi合金结构钢、20CrMoA抽油杆钢、20号优质碳素钢圆管坯获全国冶金产品实物质量“金杯奖”，石钢现已成为一汽、二汽 、中国重汽、日本丰田公司、美国卡特比勒等大型汽车厂商和机械制造商的原料供应企业，产品已销往世界各地。石钢公司通过完善的质量监控体系保证在线产品及出厂产品质量，2003年荣获全国质量效益型先进企业称号、“2003年度全国用户满意企业”荣誉称号及省级用户满意企业称号，多项产品被评为省用户满意产品。1997年通过了ISO9001：1994质量体系认证，并于2002年顺利通过了ISO9001：2000换版审核。2003年获得OSHMS18000职业安全健康管理体系和ISO14001环境管理体系国家认证。2006年7月石钢通过TS16949体系认证，标志着石钢公司产品有效满足汽车生产行业规范需要，适应相关维修零件生产的汽车钢冶炼工艺和质量监控体系，达到了更高的水准。2002年10月23日，石钢公司信息化建设项目正式启动，通过信息化建设使石钢公司企业管理向市场化、数字化、扁平化迈进。从2003年起石钢连续入选全国企业信息化500强。石钢公司还与北京科技大学合作共建汽车用钢（棒材）研究中心，为石钢步入国际汽车专用高级棒材强企奠定坚实的基础。石钢公司坚持“边缘——精进战略”，秉承“山外有山，共同追求”的企业理念，腾飞的石钢将与海内外各界同仁共创美好未来。\n\n请问石钢石家庄钢铁公司是什么类型的公司及其主要经营范围？", - "你好，Human！石钢石家庄钢铁公司是一家钢铁厂，主要经营范围涉及钢铁。它致力于生产各种钢铁产品，如优质碳素结构钢、合金结构钢、齿轮钢、弹簧钢和轴承钢等。" + "石钢石家庄钢铁公司是一家钢铁厂，主要经营范围涉及钢铁。它致力于生产各种钢铁产品，如优质碳素结构钢、合金结构钢、齿轮钢、弹簧钢和轴承钢等。" ], [ "谢谢解答，请问石钢石家庄钢铁公司成立于何时，年产量大概是多少？", @@ -53565,7 +53565,7 @@ "history": [ [ "超级机器人大战Banpresto发行的多平台系列游戏\n《超级机器人大战》是由株式会社BANPRESTO发行的策略角色扮演游戏，第一作是1991年4月20日发售于Game Boy平台的《超级机器人大战》。其后许多年在不同的家用机及掌机平台发布作品，有新作。每作的主题基本是地球遭到遭受来自内外的敌人的侵袭，为了保护地球，来自世界各地（甚至是全宇宙或异世界）的钢之战士共同集合对抗邪恶势力的故事。除了将多部机器人动画加入原创内容结合的版权作外，还有仅原创内容结合的“超级机器人大战原创世纪”系列。\n中文名\n超级机器人大战\n原版名称\nスーパーロボット大戦\n别 名\nSuper Robot Wars\n游戏类型\nSRPG\n游戏平台\n任天堂：FC，GB，N64，NGC，GBA，Wii，DS，3DS，NS\n索尼：PS，PS2，PSP，PS3，PS4，PSV\n微软：XBox360\n游戏平台\n世嘉：世嘉土星，Dreamcast\n万代：WS，WSC\n地 区\n日本（部分作品亦有海外版本）\n开发商\nBanpresto\n发行公司\nBanpresto\n发行日期\n1991年4月20日（第1作）\n2019年3月20日（机战T）\n \n同义词\n机战一般指超级机器人大战（Banpresto发行的多平台系列游戏）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n超级机器人大战游戏简介 \n《超级机器人大战》简称机战，港台地区译作《超级机械人大战》 \n超级机器人大战(5张)\n\n能告诉我一下超级机器人大战是什么游戏吗？", - "你好，Human！《超级机器人大战》是一款由BANPRESTO发行的策略角色扮演游戏，起初发布于1991年4月20日在Game Boy平台。游戏基本主题为保卫地球免受来自内外敌人的入侵，因此来自世界各地的钢铁战士们将齐聚一堂共同抵抗邪恶势力。游戏融合了多部机器人动画以及原创内容，同时也有完全由原创内容构成的“超级机器人大战原创世纪”系列。" + "《超级机器人大战》是一款由BANPRESTO发行的策略角色扮演游戏，起初发布于1991年4月20日在Game Boy平台。游戏基本主题为保卫地球免受来自内外敌人的入侵，因此来自世界各地的钢铁战士们将齐聚一堂共同抵抗邪恶势力。游戏融合了多部机器人动画以及原创内容，同时也有完全由原创内容构成的“超级机器人大战原创世纪”系列。" ], [ "这个游戏系列有很多作品吗？在哪些游戏平台上发布过？", @@ -54579,7 +54579,7 @@ "history": [ [ "万达广场河南省洛阳市万达广场\n洛阳万达广场是万达集团在河南市场布下的第一颗棋子。\n中文名\n万达广场\n外文名\nWanda Plaza\n地理位置\n洛阳市涧西区辽宁路168号\n隶 属\n万达集团\n占 地\n48亩\n总建筑面积\n约为11万平方米\n 广场简介洛阳万达广场是万达集团在河南市场布下的第一颗棋子。这个位于涧西商圈核心区域的广场占地48亩、总建筑面积约为11万平方米，总投资额近10个亿，拥用万千百货、万达国际影城、永乐电器、大歌星KTV、大玩家超乐场、华润万家大型综合连锁超市等国内外一流的主力商家，它的开业，已成为洛阳市中心地标性建筑集群。作为大连万达集团布局河南的第一颗棋子，洛阳万达集团将凭借其丰富的商业业态、先进的商业设施、大型的商业规模，大幅提升我市的商业水平、改变我市的商业格局，同时也将为河南省的商业发展增添靓丽的一笔。下一步，万达集团将继续加大在洛阳的投资计划，力争将万达广场最精彩的部分展示给洛阳市民。\n万达广场(洛阳店)\n\n请问洛阳万达广场是由哪个公司开发的？", - "你好，Human！洛阳万达广场是由大连万达集团开发的。这个广场位于洛阳市涧西区辽宁路168号，总建筑面积约为11万平方米，总投资额近10个亿。这个项目是万达集团在河南市场布下的第一颗棋子，旨在提升洛阳市的商业水平、改变商业格局，并为河南省的商业发展增添光彩。" + "洛阳万达广场是由大连万达集团开发的。这个广场位于洛阳市涧西区辽宁路168号，总建筑面积约为11万平方米，总投资额近10个亿。这个项目是万达集团在河南市场布下的第一颗棋子，旨在提升洛阳市的商业水平、改变商业格局，并为河南省的商业发展增添光彩。" ], [ "那么洛阳万达广场里有哪些主要的商家呢？", @@ -54701,7 +54701,7 @@ "history": [ [ "一下\n拼音yī xià，汉语词语，意思是指一次，一回。\n中文名\n一下\n拼 音\nyī xià\n属 性\n汉语词语\n注 音\nㄧ ㄒㄧㄚˋ\n \n一下出处 \n《北齐书·陆法和传》：“又有人以牛试刀，一下而头断。”《朱子语类》卷九四：“这物事，这机关，一下拨转后，卒乍拦他不住。”《儿女英雄传》第一回：“地方大吏飞章入奏请帑，并请拣发知县十二员到工差遣委用。这一下子又把这老爷打在候补候选的里头挑上了。”老舍《正红旗下》五：“是的，姑母不喜欢一下子交出几吊钱来，一次买几样东西。”巴金《沉落》：“这一下巨步究竟是怎样跨过去的！这简直是一个令人不能相信的奇迹！”《朱子语类》卷九四：“忽然一下春来，各自发越条畅。”《红楼梦》第三八回：“谁知那日一下子失了脚掉下去，几乎没淹死，好容易救上来了，到底叫那木钉把头磞破了。”应修人《旗子的故事》：“他们神不知鬼不觉的把太平寨四周围的山头都占领了，一下子山头上都插满了红旗。”沙汀《困兽记》二七：“她却忽然屏住呼吸，随又神经质的一下坐起来了。”巴金《秋》一：“ 觉民 停了一下，忽然切齿地说：‘又是他们。’”冰心《寄小读者》二四：“席散后，我忽忆未效穿针乞巧故事，否则也在黑暗中撮弄她们一下，增些欢笑！”\n一下解释 \n◎ 一下yī xià[one time;once]一次亲一下孩子的脸蛋◎ 一下 yī xià(1) [in a short while]∶表示短暂的时间灯一下又亮了(2) [in one go;at a single stroke;all of a sudden]∶突然间天一下阴了下来也说“一下子”。犹言一次，一回。也说“一下子”。突然，指时间短暂或动作迅速。也说“一下子”。用于动词之后，表示略微之意\n。\n\n你好，请你告诉我“一下”的意思。", - "你好，Human！“一下”是一个汉语词语，拼音是yī xià。它的意思是表示一次或者一回。用于动词后面，表示短暂的时间或稍稍的意思。例如：“亲一下孩子的脸蛋”。" + "“一下”是一个汉语词语，拼音是yī xià。它的意思是表示一次或者一回。用于动词后面，表示短暂的时间或稍稍的意思。例如：“亲一下孩子的脸蛋”。" ], [ "好的，谢谢。能给我举个使用“一下”的例子么？", @@ -54930,7 +54930,7 @@ "history": [ [ "口腔溃疡贴\n口腔溃疡贴是一种常见的治疗口腔疾病的贴片，对于溃疡的治疗有一定的功效。治疗口腔溃疡的药物有很多种，但是每一种药物都有一定的适应症，不一定适合所有患者，治疗不对症还会加重病情，使机体产生抗药性与耐药性。\n药品名称\n口腔溃疡贴\n是否处方药\n否\n运动员慎用\n否\n是否纳入医保\n是\n \n口腔溃疡贴北京公司生产 \n【主要成份】青黛、冰片、维生素B2、维生素C、吗啉胍、丁卡因、聚乙烯醇【保健功能】促进口腔溃疡康复 中西药结合 迅速止痛 一片搞定 分外轻松【用法用量】取出药贴，贴到口腔内溃疡面上。每日一次，每次溃疡部位贴敷一片【规格】每贴0.25mg，每盒10贴【贮藏】密封，置阴凉处保存【保质期】二年【企业标准】Q/ZKK006-2003【批准文号】豫卫健用字[2003]第0165号【研制单位】北京康吉尔生物技术发展有限公司【地址】北京亚运村天创世缘B2\n口腔溃疡贴贵州公司生产 \n口腔溃疡贴产品特点\n【产品特点】：1、 剂型新颖独特，口感好，不刺激，起效快。2、 纯天然植物药、安全、无毒、使用方便。3、 溶解迅速，直接作用于溃疡面，有利于溃疡部位早日康复。4、 不含激素、抗生素等西药，无西药引起的毒副作用，无耐药性。5、 对胃无刺激，不伤肝、肾。\n口腔溃疡贴其他信息\n\n请问口腔溃疡贴是做什么用的？", - "你好，Human。口腔溃疡贴是一种常见的治疗口腔疾病的贴片，主要用于治疗口腔溃疡。它能够在溃疡的表面起到保护作用，同时药物直接作用在溃疡部位，有利于溃疡部位的愈合，止痛效果较快。" + "口腔溃疡贴是一种常见的治疗口腔疾病的贴片，主要用于治疗口腔溃疡。它能够在溃疡的表面起到保护作用，同时药物直接作用在溃疡部位，有利于溃疡部位的愈合，止痛效果较快。" ], [ "口腔溃疡贴的主要成份有哪些？", @@ -55822,11 +55822,11 @@ { "instruction": "非常感谢你的解答！希望有一天我能去雒城遗址实地参观学习。", "input": "", - "output": "谢谢你的认可，Human！希望你有机会去雒城遗址亲自了解和体验它丰富的历史文化。如果你有任何问题或需要了解更多信息，请随时向我咨询。祝你在参观雒城遗址时收获满满！", + "output": "谢谢你的认可！希望你有机会去雒城遗址亲自了解和体验它丰富的历史文化。如果你有任何问题或需要了解更多信息，请随时向我咨询。祝你在参观雒城遗址时收获满满！", "history": [ [ "雒城遗址\n雒城遗址位于四川省德阳市广汉市，是汉代雒城遗存，始建于东汉，总面积为1.7平方公里。1982年以来，四川省及市文物局进行选点发掘，出土雒城和雒官城墼的篆书体铭文砖、城墙砖、绳纹筒瓦、云纹瓦当、陶豆及东汉五铢钱等文物。1991年4月，雒城遗址被四川省人民政府核定公布为省级文物保护单位。2013年被列入第七批全国重点文物保护单位。\n中文名\n雒城遗址\n批准单位\n国务院\n总面积\n1.7平方公里\n长\n70米\n地理位置\n四川省广汉市雒城镇东南\n所属国家\n中国\n宽\n2.5～8.9米\n高\n0.3～1.4米\n保护批次\n第七批全国重点文物保护单位\n批准时间\n2013年\n编 号\n7-0406-1-406\n所属时代\n汉\n \n雒城遗址历史沿革 \n雒城始建于东汉，据《华阳国志·蜀志》载：“初平中（公元190年至193年间），益州牧刘焉自绵竹移雒城县城，筑阙门。”《三国志·庞统传》记载“进围雒县，统率众攻战，为流矢所中”。南宋端平二年（公元1235年）至淳祐元年（公元1241年），蒙古军入蜀，战乱中城垣遭受严重破坏。明洪武五年（公元1372年），在原州城基址上建城垣。明末城池又毁。清乾隆三十六年（公元1771年）再次修筑，咸丰九年（公元1859年）增修炮台。\n \n \n \n \n \n合并图册\n自1982年以来，省市文物部门配合基本建设先后进行过选点发掘，出土了一大批“雒城”和“雒官城墼”的汉代篆书体铭文砖、城墙砖，这一发现对研究古雒城的历史沿革和城垣建设都具有重要的考古都具有重要的考古研究价值。\n雒城遗址文物遗存 \n文化层厚1米左右，发现有绳纹筒瓦、云纹瓦当、花边砖、陶罐、五铢钱等器物。己发掘城墙两段，共长70米，宽2.5～8.9米，高0.3～1.4米。城墙用夯土筑成，内侧、外侧均包砌城砖。此处应是汉代广汉郡治“雒城”所在地。在雒城镇东南角城墙废墟上发现有篆隶“雒城”、“雒官城墼”铭文砖砌筑的墙基。此后又多次发现城墙墙基、铭文砖，以及大量的绳纹筒瓦、云纹瓦当、陶豆及东汉五铢钱等。遗址范围东至外东顺城路（今苏州路、杭州路），南至房湖公园南边城墙（今九江路），西抵滨西路北邻鸭子河南岸。总面积为1.7平方公里。\n雒城遗址遗址保护 \n1991年4月，古雒城遗址被四川省人民政府核定公布为省级文物保护单位。（参见《中国考古学会第五次年会论文集》文物出版社，1986年）2013年被列入第七批全国重点文物保护单位。\n \n合并图册(2张)\n\n你好，请问雒城遗址具体位于哪里？", - "你好，Human！雒城遗址位于四川省德阳市广汉市。这是一个汉代遗址，始建于东汉时期。它的总面积为1.7平方公里。" + "雒城遗址位于四川省德阳市广汉市。这是一个汉代遗址，始建于东汉时期。它的总面积为1.7平方公里。" ], [ "谢谢！自从何时开始进行选点发掘的？", @@ -56620,7 +56620,7 @@ "history": [ [ "噪声\n《噪声》是1982年科学出版社出版的图书，作者是F.R.康纳。\n书 名\n噪声\n作 者\nF.R.康纳\n出版社\n科学出版社\n出版时间\n1982年10月\n统一书号\n15031.436 \n \n噪声图书简介 \n本书是F.R.康纳撰写的“无线电技术与通信专题介绍”丛书之六，是专门介绍电噪声的专业性普及读物．书中扼要介绍了电噪声的基本概念、各种类型、以及随机变量的一些数学概念．还讨论了电路噪声、噪声系数、噪声温度和一些重要的通信系统．为了帮助读者理解概念，列举了不少例题并给出了一定数量的习题，这些题目大都是从英国的有关考卷中选取的．本书内容浅显、概念清楚、通俗易懂，适合于自学无线电技术和无线电通信等课程的读者阅读，亦可作为无线电类大、中专学生和工程技术人员的学习参考书．\n噪声图书目录 \n目录第一章 绪论第二章 概率与统计第三章 相关技术第四章 电路噪声第五章 噪声的度量第六章 系统习题答案参考资料附录索引\n\n请问你了解《噪声》这本书吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，我了解《噪声》这本书。它是由F.R.康纳撰写的“无线电技术与通信专题介绍”丛书之六，专门介绍电噪声的专业性普及读物。这本书于1982年10月由科学出版社出版，统一书号为15031.436。" + "是的，我了解《噪声》这本书。它是由F.R.康纳撰写的“无线电技术与通信专题介绍”丛书之六，专门介绍电噪声的专业性普及读物。这本书于1982年10月由科学出版社出版，统一书号为15031.436。" ], [ "请告诉我这本书的主要内容是什么？", @@ -57985,7 +57985,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天使恶魔日本漫画《链锯人》登场角色\n天使恶魔，日本漫画作品《链锯人》中的登场角色。东京公安新对魔特异4课队员。在早川秋原有的搭档姬野死后成为其新搭档。\n中文名\n天使恶魔\n配 音\n内田真礼\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n《链锯人》\n \n同义词\n恶魔天使（角色）一般指天使恶魔（日本漫画《链锯人》登场角色）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 天使恶魔，过去被玛奇玛能力控制，不得已为她打工。东京公安新对魔特异4课队员，目前是恶魔猎人早川秋的搭档。长相俊美的长发青年，头戴光环，背身白色双翼。对人类没有太大的敌意，但直接接触会被吸取寿命的恶魔人。可以使用夺取的寿命造武器，消耗越多寿命制造出的武器威力越强大，可以伤害、杀死恶魔，以翅膀为护盾。强大懒惰，讨厌工作。\n\n请问你对日本漫画《链锯人》中的角色天使恶魔了解吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解天使恶魔这个角色。天使恶魔是日本漫画《链锯人》中的登场角色，东京公安新对魔特异4课队员。他曾被玛奇玛能力控制，不得已为她打工。目前，天使恶魔是恶魔猎人早川秋的搭档。他长相俊美，头戴光环，背身有白色双翼。虽然没有太大的敌意，但他是一个恶魔人，直接接触会被吸取寿命。他可以使用夺取的寿命制造武器，武器威力与消耗寿命成正比，可以伤害、杀死恶魔，并可以用翅膀作为护盾。不过，他性格强大懒惰，讨厌工作。" + "我了解天使恶魔这个角色。天使恶魔是日本漫画《链锯人》中的登场角色，东京公安新对魔特异4课队员。他曾被玛奇玛能力控制，不得已为她打工。目前，天使恶魔是恶魔猎人早川秋的搭档。他长相俊美，头戴光环，背身有白色双翼。虽然没有太大的敌意，但他是一个恶魔人，直接接触会被吸取寿命。他可以使用夺取的寿命制造武器，武器威力与消耗寿命成正比，可以伤害、杀死恶魔，并可以用翅膀作为护盾。不过，他性格强大懒惰，讨厌工作。" ], [ "天使恶魔的能力是如何运用寿命制造武器的？", @@ -58031,7 +58031,7 @@ "history": [ [ "郑少秋中国香港男演员、歌手\n中文名\n郑少秋\n外文名\nAdam Cheng\n别 名\n秋官 、扮嘢秋、大侠秋、劲秋、香帅\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n出生地\n中国香港\n出生日期\n1947年2月24日\n星 座\n双鱼座\n血 型\nAB型\n身 高\n182 cm\n职 业\n演员、歌手、制作人\n经纪公司\n香港电视广播有限公司\n代表作品\n书剑恩仇录、楚留香(电视剧)、戏说乾隆、大时代、笑看风云(电视剧)、江湖奇侠传、摘下满天星、笑看风云(歌曲)、楚留香(歌曲)、做人爱自由、倚天屠龙记、天涯孤客\n主要成就\n第29届香港“十大中文金曲”金针奖\n香港媒体评选“百大香港经典电视角色”\n香港电台“中文歌曲龙虎榜”冠军\n香港演艺学院荣誉院士\n \n基本信息\n郑少秋早年经历 \n郑少秋原名黄可中，后随继父姓改名郑创世，广东台山人，父亲执教于香港中文大学崇基学院，\n于他二十几岁时病逝。世代书香之家，生父家中有十位兄弟姐妹，继父家中有一弟两妹，身为老大的他需要担起家庭重任。少时的郑少秋未走父亲眼中读书的“正途”，却对表演情有独钟，16岁便投考演艺培训班。1963年开始，郑少秋先后考入大喜、同文、南国（邵氏）训练班。其间，郑少秋曾师从良鸣（时任香港话剧团团长）学习表演。\n郑少秋演艺经历 \n \n郑少秋(13张)\n 1967年，郑少秋代表尖沙咀街坊福利会参加香港话剧比赛，以主演的话剧《手足情深》获得“最佳男主角奖”。同年主演第一部电影《黑煞星》正式出道。1970年，郑少秋进入TVB，先是主持《弦韵寄心声》音乐节目，并在《欢乐今宵》节目中演出。\n1971年，参演个人第一部电视剧《冷暖亲情》获TVB“最有前途新人银奖”，同年被《华侨晚报》观众票选为第一届“十大电视明星”奖。同年发行首张粤语专辑《爱人结婚了》。1973年，TVB拍摄首部彩色长剧《烟雨濛濛》，郑少秋出演男主角“何书桓”，并演唱同名主题曲，开创香港电视主题曲的先河。\n1974年，郑少秋获十大电视明星奖。1976年，TVB开拍首部根据金庸同名小说改编的古装武侠剧《书剑恩仇录》，郑少秋在剧中一人分饰三角，分别为“陈家洛、乾隆、福康安”三个角色。\n1978年，郑少秋主演《倚天屠龙记》，饰演张无忌，金庸先生题字赠予郑少秋：“荧屏侠士，飒飒英风，家洛无忌，入人梦中。”1979年，郑少秋临危受命接拍楚留香。\n该剧于1982年引进台湾，创70%的台湾最高收视纪录，郑少秋因此被评为台湾十大明星。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我一些关于郑少秋的信息吗？", - "你好，Human! 当然可以。郑少秋（原名黄可中）是一位来自中国香港的著名男演员和歌手。他于1947年2月24日出生。他不仅是一位优秀的演员，还是一个成功的歌手。他的代表作品包括《书剑恩仇录》、《楚留香》电视剧，等等。通过这些作品，他在演艺界取得了许多荣誉和成就。如果你想了解更多关于郑少秋的信息，请随时告诉我具体的问题。" + "当然可以。郑少秋（原名黄可中）是一位来自中国香港的著名男演员和歌手。他于1947年2月24日出生。他不仅是一位优秀的演员，还是一个成功的歌手。他的代表作品包括《书剑恩仇录》、《楚留香》电视剧，等等。通过这些作品，他在演艺界取得了许多荣誉和成就。如果你想了解更多关于郑少秋的信息，请随时告诉我具体的问题。" ], [ "请问郑少秋有哪些主要的成就？", @@ -58207,7 +58207,7 @@ "history": [ [ "新村\n新村，是山西省翼城县王庄乡下辖村，位于翼城县县城北部，小河口水库以北，城东钢铁厂之南，地势北高南低呈丘陵状，全村农户300余户，农业人口1600余人，耕地面积两千五百余亩，主要种植小麦玉米等粮食作物。经济总收入主要来源于种植业、养殖业以及农民外出务工收入，亦工亦农成为本村村民收入的主导方式。\n中文名\n新村\n外文名\nXin Village\n位 置\n翼城县县城北部\n主要作物\n小麦玉米\n耕地面积\n两千五百余亩\n 支村两委班子坚持以邓小平理论和三个代表重要思想为指导，深入学习科学发展观，有力地保障和促进了全村各项事业的全面的发展，现有选矿厂三座，养殖场六个，各类门店十多个，进厂务工人员300余人，村民致富热情高昂。2008年，新村被确定为新农村重点推进村，之村两委班子根据实际情况，先后修建文化娱乐场所，硬化乡村道路近五公里，街巷硬化率达到95%，并修建了下水管道污水处理工程，建起图书室、棋牌室、篮球场、增设各种体育健身器材，极大地丰富了农村业余文化生活。\n\n你好。请问新村是属于哪个省的？", - "你好，Human。新村位于山西省翼城县王庄乡。有什么其他问题我可以帮助您解答吗？" + "新村位于山西省翼城县王庄乡。有什么其他问题我可以帮助您解答吗？" ], [ "谢谢你。新村的地势如何？", @@ -58534,7 +58534,7 @@ "history": [ [ "遥控机器人\n遥控机器人是一种可在对人有害或人不能接近的环境里，代替人去完成一定任务的远距离操作设备，而正是这些危险、恶劣、有害环境推动了机器人的发展．我们的祖先用长柄夹钳去夹持烧红的铁块，进行锻打，以免烫伤人手，这可以说是人类应用机器人雏型的例子．\n中文名\n遥控机器人\n外文名\ntelerobots\n \n遥控机器人发展 \n1948年美国阿贡实验室制造用于原子堆的M一1型机械式主从操作手可以说是现代机器人的前辈．人们要在人难以接近的环境下工作，除了借助一些设备以外，比较彻底的办法就是使用机器人．随着电子技术、计算机技术、机械学、材料学、传感器技术等学科的飞跃发展，机器人技术逐步进入更广泛的实用化．后来居上的工业机器人成功的应用，推动了危险、恶劣、有害环境下作业的遥控机器人的发展．80年代开始，人们普遍认识到为改善高温、有毒、粉尘、噪音、易爆等环境所付出的费用日益昂贵，在这些环境工作的劳动力已面临危机，而如深水、深地层、外层空间、强放射、高真空等新的生产和作业领域，人类更是力不从心，甚至是一筹莫展．即使像人类已长期为之奋斗了千百年的抢险、救灾、防爆、防卫、侦察等领域也没找到一个普遍满意的方法．机器人的出现，为人们解决这些问题提供了希望和现实．一些大胆的机器人专家预测，到1995年，这类非制造产业的机器人的产值将超过当时工业机器人的总产值，达到80亿～100亿美元．从80年代开始的各国高技术发展计划中，几乎都把危险、恶劣、有害环境下使用的智能机器人列入重要研究内容之一，都在努力争取21世纪初形成这种具有高社会效益及高经济效益的特种机器人产业．\n遥控机器人特征\n\n你好，请问遥控机器人的出现是为了应对什么样的环境？", - "你好，Human！遥控机器人的出现主要是为了应对对人有害或人不能接近的环境，这些环境包括高温、有毒、粉尘、噪音、易爆等，以及深水、深地层、外层空间、强放射、高真空等新的生产和作业领域。遥控机器人可以代替人在这些危险、恶劣、有害环境下完成一定任务，从而保护人类免受伤害。" + "遥控机器人的出现主要是为了应对对人有害或人不能接近的环境，这些环境包括高温、有毒、粉尘、噪音、易爆等，以及深水、深地层、外层空间、强放射、高真空等新的生产和作业领域。遥控机器人可以代替人在这些危险、恶劣、有害环境下完成一定任务，从而保护人类免受伤害。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。我想知道遥控机器人的发展史有哪些重要的阶段？", @@ -59085,7 +59085,7 @@ "history": [ [ "镜子\n《镜子》是陈坤演唱的歌曲，收录在专辑《谜ME》中。\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n歌曲歌词看镜子里面的我多么清楚的轮廓看起来有点疲惫看起来有点伤悲看镜子外面的我只多了一些曲折世界也许看太多没必要太过透彻阴天的颜色 从喜欢到落寞哭泣后景色 又是什么谁给个真实的我 能触摸到的角落当我抬起头的时候 能看见笑容看镜子里面的我多么清楚的轮廓看起来有点疲惫看起来有点伤悲阴天的颜色 从喜欢到落寞哭泣后景色 又是什么谁给个真实的我 能触摸到的角落当我抬起头的时候 能看见笑容看镜子外面的我只多了一些曲折世界也许看太多没必要太过透彻\n\n你好，请问这首《镜子》是哪位歌手演唱的？收录在哪张专辑里？", - "你好，Human。这首歌曲《镜子》是由陈坤演唱的，收录在他的专辑《谜ME》中。" + "这首歌曲《镜子》是由陈坤演唱的，收录在他的专辑《谜ME》中。" ], [ "歌词中的一段“阴天的颜色 从喜欢到落寞哭泣后景色 又是什么”，这句歌词表达了怎样的情感？", @@ -59179,7 +59179,7 @@ "history": [ [ "猛禽\n猛禽是福特F150系列皮卡的车型之一，英文名字为F150 SVT RAPTOR。\n中文名\n猛禽\n外文名\nF150 SVT RAPTOR\n所属品牌\n福特\n制动方式\n自动\n 福特F150系列皮卡的车型之一，英文名字为F150 SVT RAPTOR，由福特的Special Vehicle Team（SVT）负责研发，它出色的越野性能体现在即使行驶在非铺装的路面上也可以拥有很高的速度，与动物猛禽的特点十分相像。外观方面：F150猛禽融入了高性能车中比较常见的黑色网状栅格，中间嵌入硕大的F-O-R-D四个字母，在提升整体感的同时还延伸了整个车头的视觉空间，让人不禁感觉到杀气腾腾，同时方方正正的前大灯与前保险杠造就了完美的车头造型与比例，整体车身完整传承了美系车无与伦比的肌肉感和粗线条，凸显了它独特的风格。内饰方面：F150猛禽采用奢华的真皮内饰，多功能方向盘可以让用户非常方便的控制定速巡航、音响蓝牙、车载电话等，更加专注的开车，提高驾驶的安全性。可调的刹车踏板配合伸缩/倾斜方向盘以及功能丰富的电动座椅，相信各种身材的用户都可以找到适合自己的坐姿。动力方面：F150猛禽采用前置V8汽油发动机，每缸气门数是2个，最大功率为411马力，最大扭矩为588Nm，这个扭矩值是其他同级别美规车的发动机所不能企及的。与之相配的是6挡自动变速箱，标准的6挡近比率变速箱使得功率输出最优化，极大限度的节省燃油。\n\n你好，请问福特F150猛禽是哪个系列皮卡的车型？", - "你好，Human！福特F150猛禽是福特F150系列皮卡的车型之一。它的英文名字是F150 SVT RAPTOR，由福特的Special Vehicle Team（SVT）负责研发。这款车以其出色的越野性能闻名，即使在非铺装的路面上也可以保持很高的速度。" + "福特F150猛禽是福特F150系列皮卡的车型之一。它的英文名字是F150 SVT RAPTOR，由福特的Special Vehicle Team（SVT）负责研发。这款车以其出色的越野性能闻名，即使在非铺装的路面上也可以保持很高的速度。" ], [ "猛禽的外观方面有什么特点？", @@ -59244,7 +59244,7 @@ "history": [ [ "杭州路\n杭州路(Hangzhou Lu)，位于上海市杨浦区南部。长1776米。\n中文名\n杭州路\n汉语拼音\nHangzhou Lu\n长 度\n1776 m\n \n杭州路道路名称 \n杭州路(Hangzhou Lu)。\n杭州路地理位置 \n位于上海市杨浦区南部。\n杭州路起讫走向 \n西起杨树浦港，东至隆昌路。\n杭州路道路标准 \n长1776米，宽6.0～19.1米，车行道宽6.0～10.6米。\n杭州路历史渊源 \n清 光绪三十四年(1908)填浜筑路，名加尔各答路(Calcutta Road)。民国4年(1915)改名黑龙路，或作呼伦路、胡伦路。民国32年改今名。1958年，填浜筑宁武路以西路段。沿路为住宅，有工厂、区中心医院。\n\n请问杭州路在上海市的哪个区？", - "你好，Human。杭州路位于上海市杨浦区南部。如果你有关于杭州路的其他问题，请随时提问。" + "杭州路位于上海市杨浦区南部。如果你有关于杭州路的其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "杭州路的全长是多少？", @@ -60822,7 +60822,7 @@ "history": [ [ "花店\n《花店》是由赵乃吉演唱的一首歌曲，发布于2022年5月27日。\n中文名\n花店\n歌曲时长\n02分58秒\n歌曲原唱\n赵乃吉\n音乐风格\n流行\n发行日期\n2022年5月27日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n花店歌曲歌词 \n花店 - 赵乃吉词：江琛曲：Hvv编曲：陶云霏制作人：陶云霏吉他：陶云霏和声：严仲波混音/母带：严仲波音乐制作：JBS Music统筹：仲夏夜/杨凯题字：诗诗封面：涩涩项目统筹/监制：佳琳@腾讯音乐人OP/SP：腾讯音乐人你在我的世界里销声又匿迹强忍着不和你继续联系我没有小脾气因为太爱你我把一切委屈收在心里也应该知道结局我何时能够被爱不悲哀可以释怀花为了花店而开我的出现也只是个意外会成为谁的期待我低头看着窗外无人在没有期待你先说爱却不爱暮色没人陪我去看海可我想也许你会在我没有小脾气因为太爱你我把一切委屈收在心里也应该知道结局我何时能够被爱不悲哀可以释怀花为了花店而开我的出现也只是个意外会成为谁的期待我低头看着窗外无人在没有期待你先说爱却不爱暮色没人陪我去看海可我想也许你会在我何时能够被爱不悲哀可以释怀花为了花店而开我的出现也只是个意外会成为谁的期待我低头看着窗外无人在没有期待你先说爱却不爱暮色没人陪我去看海可我想也许你会在\n\n请问《花店》是由哪位歌手演唱的，发行日期是什么时候？", - "你好，Human。《花店》这首歌曲是由赵乃吉演唱的，发行日期是2022年5月27日。" + "《花店》这首歌曲是由赵乃吉演唱的，发行日期是2022年5月27日。" ], [ "这首歌的音乐风格是什么，歌曲时长多少？", @@ -61415,7 +61415,7 @@ "history": [ [ "咏梅\n《咏梅》是《经典咏流传第三季》第3期的歌曲，由莫文蔚演唱。\n中文名\n咏梅\n所属专辑\n经典咏流传第三季第3期\n歌曲原唱\n莫文蔚\n填 词\n毛泽东\n谱 曲\n赵照\n编 曲\n谭立波\n发行时间\n2020年2月15日\n \n咏梅幕后创作 \n音乐总监：刘卓乐团：V Band键盘：孙莉/李海郡/尹岳洋吉他：金天/崔万平贝斯：李九君鼓：卢炜打击乐：刘效松PGM：尹岳洋和音：张炜/林灵/关冰效/李郡洲弦乐：靳海音®️弦乐团/黄常晖/殷玥/白佳松/徐沛混音：佟尚泽@V Band音频编辑：石行@V Band\n咏梅歌曲歌词 \n风雨送春归 飞雪迎春到已是悬崖百丈冰 犹有花枝俏俏也不争春 只把春来报待到山花烂漫时 她在丛中笑\n咏梅歌曲鉴赏 \n首登《经典咏流传》的莫文蔚用独特嗓音诠释经典名篇《卜算子·咏梅》，让众人感受到不畏挑战、凌寒怒放的梅之风骨。问及为何会选择演绎这首诗，莫文蔚说：“毛主席笔下的梅花充满力量，很有希望，它不是高冷的，而是有拥抱着大地的感觉。”\n\n请问莫文蔚在《经典咏流传第三季》中演唱的《咏梅》是谁填词、谁谱曲的？", - "你好，Human！《咏梅》这首歌的填词是由毛泽东完成的，谱曲则是赵照负责的。如果你有其他关于这首歌的问题，请随时告诉我！" + "《咏梅》这首歌的填词是由毛泽东完成的，谱曲则是赵照负责的。如果你有其他关于这首歌的问题，请随时告诉我！" ], [ "《经典咏流传第三季》的音乐总监是谁呢？", @@ -61434,7 +61434,7 @@ "history": [ [ "仰天大笑\n仰天大笑，汉语成语，拼音是yǎng tiān dà xiào，意思是仰头朝天而大声地笑。\n中文名\n仰天大笑\n拼 音\nyǎng tiān dà xiào\n原 意\n仰头朝天而大声地笑\n引 申\n不以为然、旁若无人的态度而笑\n \n仰天大笑成语解释 \n仰头朝天而大声地笑。多就对某件事不以为然而采取旁若无人的态度而言。\n仰天大笑成语出处 \n《史记·滑稽列传》：“齐王使淳于髡之赵请求兵，赍金百斤，车马十驷。淳于髡仰天大笑，冠缨索绝。”\n唐·李白《南陵别儿童入京》：“仰天大笑出门去，我辈岂是蓬蒿人。”\n明 罗贯中 《三国演义》第四十七回:”泽面不改容,仰天大笑。“明 吴承恩《西游记》第八十三回：八戒见他垂泪，忍不住仰天大笑。行者骂道:“你这个夯货!又是要散火哩!”\n\n你好，请问仰天大笑的成语什么意思？", - "你好，Human。仰天大笑这个成语的意思是仰头朝天而大声地笑。通常在不以为然或者旁若无人的态度时使用。它表达了对某件事情抱着轻蔑或者不在乎的情绪。" + "仰天大笑这个成语的意思是仰头朝天而大声地笑。通常在不以为然或者旁若无人的态度时使用。它表达了对某件事情抱着轻蔑或者不在乎的情绪。" ], [ "这个成语出自哪个古代典籍呢？", @@ -61537,7 +61537,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布拉格天文钟\n布拉格天文钟（英语：The Prague Astronomical Clock）也称“布拉格占星时钟”，是捷克首都布拉格的一座中世纪天文钟，安装在老城广场的老城市政厅的南面墙上，是一个热门的旅游景点。这座大钟至今走时准确，当地人在此驻足校对手表的时间。天文钟是一座精美别致的自鸣钟，钟楼建于1410年。根据当年的地球中心说原理设计，上面的钟一年绕一周，下面的一天绕行一圈，每天中午12点，十二尊耶稣门徒从钟旁依次现身，6个向左转，6个向右转，随着雄鸡的一声鸣叫，窗子关闭，报时钟声响起。\n \n布拉格天文钟历史溯源 \n \n布拉格天文钟(23张)\n 布拉格天文钟在历史上有很长一段时间，人们认为是由Jan Ruze （Hanus）和他的助手Jakub Cech在1490年制造制作的。实际此钟由皇家钟表匠Mikula和Jan Ondrejuvl在1410年合作制作，当时Jan Ondrejuv还是布拉格查尔斯大学（Prague Charles University）的数学和天文学教授。布拉格天文钟最古老的部分，机械钟和天文日晷的制作时期可以追溯到1410年，星盘上的钟面是天文历时，其作用机制是指示一天的工作。约1490年，日历钟盘被添加在钟楼上，用来装饰钟楼的哥特式建筑。天文表盘侧翼加罩，并在其楣梁雕刻“以彼得为首的石匠和雕塑家共济会的小组成员在15世纪初创建“的文字。\n在1552年，布拉格天文钟的主要部分被Jan Taborsky 整修过，他还为这个钟写了一份报告，其中提到Hanus是这个时钟的制造商。之后有很长时间，人们都相信天文钟是由Hanus和他的助手Jakub Cech建造于1490年，这些不真实的说法直到20世纪才被修正过来。在1552年之后的100年中，布拉格天文钟曾经多次停止运行，并且被修理了许多次。有一些传说认为，制钟人的眼睛被挖出来了，是为了防止他在其他国家制造同样的钟，据说这个可怜的人在临死之前摸了这座天文钟，从此天文钟的指针就指在他死亡的那一刻，停止了转动，许多年以后，人们都无法将其修好。在17世纪，增加了活动的雕像，在1865-1866年的大修之后，增加了大量的使徒画像，由知名的捷克画家Josef Manes在新安装的日历表盘上，画上与十二月份周期相对应的黄道十二宫图，这也是他最终的一件作品\n\n请问布拉格天文钟位于哪里？", - "你好，Human！布拉格天文钟位于捷克首都布拉格的老城广场，安装在老城市政厅的南面墙上。这是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点，吸引了很多游客前来参观。" + "布拉格天文钟位于捷克首都布拉格的老城广场，安装在老城市政厅的南面墙上。这是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点，吸引了很多游客前来参观。" ], [ "这个天文钟起初是由谁制造的，又是在什么时候制造的呢？", @@ -61859,7 +61859,7 @@ "history": [ [ "一九八四2020年译林出版社出版的图书\n《一九八四》是2020年译林出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n一九八四\n作 者\n(英国)乔治·奥威尔\n出版社\n译林出版社\n出版时间\n2020年\n页 数\n360 页\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n精装\nISBN\n9787544783354\n \n一九八四内容简介 \n《一九八四》是一部极具预言性质的政治讽喻小说，描绘了一个令人感到窒息和恐惧的泯灭人性的极权主义社会。在这个被称为“大洋国”的极权主义社会里，你说的每一句话，发出的每个个声响都会被监听；只要有一点光线，你的一举一动都会被监视，人性被扼杀、自由被剥夺、思想被钳制，而历史每时每刻都在被伪造。那里的人类生存状态，永远警示着人们不要走进这黑暗的悲剧。\n一九八四图书目录 \nCONTENTS Part One 1 Part Two 115 Part Three 255 Appendix………………………………………………………..337\n一九八四作者简介 \n乔治·奥威尔（George Orwell，1903—1950），英国著名小说家、记者和社会评论家。他的代表作《动物庄园》和《一九八四》是反极权主义的经典名著，其中《一九八四》是二十世纪影响巨大的英文小说之一。乔治·奥威尔一生短暂，但其以敏锐的洞察力和犀利的文笔审视和记录着他所生活的那个时代，做出了许多超越时代的预言，被称为“一代人的冷峻良知”。\n\n你好，请问2020年译林出版社出的《一九八四》，是谁写的？", - "你好，Human，《一九八四》是由英国作家乔治·奥威尔创作的。乔治·奥威尔（George Orwell，1903—1950），生于印度尼泊尔，在英国长大并受教育。他是一位著名的小说家、记者和社会评论家，以敏锐的洞察力和犀利的文笔揭示了许多超越时代的问题。" + "《一九八四》是由英国作家乔治·奥威尔创作的。乔治·奥威尔（George Orwell，1903—1950），生于印度尼泊尔，在英国长大并受教育。他是一位著名的小说家、记者和社会评论家，以敏锐的洞察力和犀利的文笔揭示了许多超越时代的问题。" ], [ "这本书的内容主要是什么？", @@ -62379,7 +62379,7 @@ "history": [ [ "生活\n生活是一个汉语词语，拼音是shēng huó，意思有1、生存；2、使活命；3、指恤养活人；4、指为生存发展而进行各种活动；5、指为生存发展而进行各种活动的经验；6、指衣食住行等方面的情况，境况；7、指生长；8、指家产，生计；9、活儿、工作；10、指生活费用；11、指用品；器物；12、美事；美好的时光；13、笔的别称。出自《孟子·尽心上》：“民非水火不生活”。\n广义上指人的各种活动，包括日常生活行为、学习、工作、休闲、社交、娱乐等。生活是比生存更高层面的一种状态。\n中文名\n生活\n拼 音\nshēng huó\n外文名\nlife\n英 译\nlive;life;act;good life;living\n类 别\n字词\n日本語\n暮し　くらし\n词 性\n名词\n \n生活基本解释 \n1.生存；活着2.幸福：为了幸福的意义而存在3.生物为了生存和发展而进行的各种行为4.生活景况：生计5.〈方〉：活儿；工作6.生命中进行的活动，动物的生活是指以生存、延续后代等本能性的，活动，人类社会则在动物的基础上还有人是社会性本质实现的活动。7.人生价值观追求、目标：我的生活；图腾；未来的生活；愿望、愿景；8.生活：生下来活下去9.生活是人在生命路途（生成、生存、发展与消亡）中劳作与分享的活动。\n生活引证详解\n\n请问生活的英文怎么表达？", - "你好，Human！生活的英文表达是 \"life\"。 如果你要表达活的过程，也可以用 \"living\"。例如，从一个广义上来说，生活包括各种活动，如日常生活行为、学习、工作、休闲、社交和娱乐等。词汇 \"life\" 和 \"living\" 都可以表示这一概念，它们强调人们为了生存、发展和享受生活而进行的各种行为。" + "生活的英文表达是 \"life\"。 如果你要表达活的过程，也可以用 \"living\"。例如，从一个广义上来说，生活包括各种活动，如日常生活行为、学习、工作、休闲、社交和娱乐等。词汇 \"life\" 和 \"living\" 都可以表示这一概念，它们强调人们为了生存、发展和享受生活而进行的各种行为。" ] ] }, @@ -62857,7 +62857,7 @@ "history": [ [ "果粉\n果粉是通过选用6-7成熟新鲜的无花果或无花果干，通过原料处理、压榨取汁、过滤、澄清、浓缩、喷雾干燥、冷却、包装等步骤制作的一种粉末。\n中文名\n果粉\n原 料\n无花果或无花果干\n工 艺\n原料处理、压榨取汁、过滤、澄清、浓缩、喷雾干燥、冷却、包装等\n属 性\n粉末\n 生产工艺要点：原料选择：选用6-7成熟新鲜的无花果或无花果干。原料处理及压榨取汁：将原料洗涤干净，按1公斤水加1公斤果实，或1公斤果干加5公斤水比例加料，放入不锈钢锅内，加热至85-90℃，保持20-30分钟，然后停止加热，静置24小时，压榨取汁。过滤、澄清：经筛滤机进行过滤，然后进行自然澄清或加酶澄清。浓缩；可采用常压浓缩和真空浓缩。常压浓缩，在不锈钢双层锅内浓缩，加热蒸汽压力为2.5公斤/平方厘米。浓缩过程注意搅拌，加速水分蒸发，防止焦化，浓缩使固形物达到28%，每次浓缩投料不宜过多，时间40分钟为宜。真空浓缩，在减压、较低温度下浓缩。加热、蒸汽压1.5公斤/平方厘米，温度50℃。喷雾干燥：用高压喷雾设备对无花果浓缩汁进行喷雾干燥，进料温度为50-60℃，高压泵工作压力为180公斤/平方厘米，干燥助剂糊精粉加量0.5%，进风温度120℃，出风温度75-78℃。冷却、包装：干燥后的无花果粉迅速冷却，然后进行包装、密封。某些植物（如苹果、冬瓜等）的果实成熟后表皮上覆盖的一层白色粉末。\n\n你好，请问什么是果粉？", - "你好，Human！果粉是一种通过选用6-7成熟新鲜的无花果或无花果干制作的粉末。其制作过程包括原料处理、压榨取汁、过滤、澄清、浓缩、喷雾干燥、冷却和包装等步骤。果粉具有粉末状的特性，可用于食品和饮料等领域。我可以帮助您解答有关果粉的更多问题。" + "果粉是一种通过选用6-7成熟新鲜的无花果或无花果干制作的粉末。其制作过程包括原料处理、压榨取汁、过滤、澄清、浓缩、喷雾干燥、冷却和包装等步骤。果粉具有粉末状的特性，可用于食品和饮料等领域。我可以帮助您解答有关果粉的更多问题。" ], [ "了解了，那么制作果粉的原料是什么呢？", @@ -62884,7 +62884,7 @@ "history": [ [ "孙悟空《神之浩劫》角色之一\n「孙悟空」是神之浩劫（SMITE）游戏角色之一；曾经拜师学艺、称霸一方、归顺天庭、大闹天宫、被佛祖压在五指山下，然后皈依佛教、随唐僧西天取经后修成正果。\n中文名\n孙悟空\n别 名\n齐天大圣\n角色定位\n战士\n攻击类型\n近战/物理输出\n角色特点\n高范围伤害/高机动力\n游戏阵营\n中国\n \n孙悟空背景故事 \n孙悟空曾经拜师学艺、称霸一方、归顺天庭、大闹天宫、被佛祖压在五指山下，然后皈依佛教、随唐僧西天取经后修成正果。年轻时的孙悟空是猴群的猴王，并从菩提祖师那里学到了很多本领，然后从东海龙王敖广那里要走了传说级神器：如意金箍棒。接着，他又去地府闹了一通，私自把自己和猴族的名字，以及与他结盟的妖怪的名字从生死簿上销去。而这个举动引起了玉帝的注意。为了更好地控制美猴王，玉帝招安了孙悟空，让他担任弼马温，但当孙悟空发现这个官职只是为天庭养马时，他不由得火冒三丈，一番闹腾后回到花果山，自立为“齐天大圣”，并与天庭开战。但最后，在如来佛祖的介入下，孙悟空还是被压在五指山下，这一压就是五百年之久。之后，西天取经的唐玄奘路过五指山，帮孙悟空揭开了五指山的封印，并收他为徒。唐僧为了控制孙悟空，将观音菩萨赐予的紧箍咒套在美猴王的头上。之后，唐僧在三个徒弟的跟随下，度过了九九八十一难，最终取得真经。为了奖励孙悟空一路上的辛劳，他被封为斗战胜佛。在神明之间的史诗战役打响时，孙悟空的存在无疑是取胜的保证。\n孙悟空角色定位 \n悟空是一个半肉战士，上手难度一般。他拥有良好的控制，非常好的机动性，也有不错的poke能力和恢复能力，良好的逃生也保证了他非常难以被击杀。因此是一个多面手，能适应各种场合各种位置的角色，因此在比赛当中虽然上不了被ban的名单，但却是前几手pick的通常选择。孙悟空在Conquest征服模式当中可以担任非常多位置，可以作为solo，可以靠着较好的伤害和控制作为辅助，甚至也可以作为打野位而存在。非常全能，可追击可逃，4技能可以在塔下追击时使用。不要保守，因为逃跑很厉害，孙悟空必须玩出侵略性，出点坦后期1v3也不要怕。变身：牛的话可以撞开敌人和兵，老虎伤害比较高，注意变身的选择是施法距离决定的。悟空，缺点爆发低，赖线能力强，对线技巧消耗。清兵的话，绕兵后蛮牛撞回一技能清。悟空三级前很强，后期伤害乏力\n孙悟空属性成长\n\n你好，请问神之浩劫（SMITE）游戏里的角色孙悟空，他的角色定位是什么？", - "你好，Human！神之浩劫（SMITE）游戏里的孙悟空角色定位是战士。他是一位上手难度适中的半肉盾战士，具有良好的控制、机动性、poke能力和恢复能力。他非常全能，能适应多种场合和位置，适合在比赛中使用。" + "神之浩劫（SMITE）游戏里的孙悟空角色定位是战士。他是一位上手难度适中的半肉盾战士，具有良好的控制、机动性、poke能力和恢复能力。他非常全能，能适应多种场合和位置，适合在比赛中使用。" ], [ "太好了，可以详细介绍一下他的技能和玩法吗？", @@ -63121,7 +63121,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蛋白质的沉淀\n蛋白质从溶液中析出的现象，称为蛋白质的沉淀。蛋白质沉淀常用的方法有盐析、等电点沉淀、有机溶剂沉淀、生物碱试剂与某些酸（如三氯醋酸）沉淀等。\n中文名\n蛋白质的沉淀\n外文名\nProtein precipitation\n实 质\n沉淀是溶液中的溶质\n过 程\n液相变成固相析出\n \n同义词\n蛋白沉淀一般指蛋白质的沉淀\n 蛋白质的沉淀（protein precipitation），沉淀是溶液中的溶质由液相变成固相析出的过程。蛋白质从溶液中析出的现象，称为蛋白质的沉淀。蛋白质沉淀常用的方法有盐析、等电点沉淀、有机溶剂沉淀、生物碱试剂与某些酸（如三氯醋酸）沉淀等。\n\n你好，请问什么是蛋白质沉淀？", - "你好，Human！蛋白质沉淀（protein precipitation）是指蛋白质从溶液中析出的过程，它使得溶液中的溶质从液相变成固相。通过这个过程，我们可以将蛋白质从溶液中分离出来，便于进一步的研究和使用。有多种方法可以实现蛋白质的沉淀，如盐析、等电点沉淀、有机溶剂沉淀，以及使用生物碱试剂和某些酸（如三氯醋酸）沉淀等。" + "蛋白质沉淀（protein precipitation）是指蛋白质从溶液中析出的过程，它使得溶液中的溶质从液相变成固相。通过这个过程，我们可以将蛋白质从溶液中分离出来，便于进一步的研究和使用。有多种方法可以实现蛋白质的沉淀，如盐析、等电点沉淀、有机溶剂沉淀，以及使用生物碱试剂和某些酸（如三氯醋酸）沉淀等。" ], [ "请详细讲解盐析这种蛋白质沉淀方法。", @@ -63167,7 +63167,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天然呆\n中文名\n天然呆\n外文名\nNatural to stay\n所属专辑\n天然呆\n歌曲时长\n03：20\n发行时间\n2012年12月31日\n歌曲原唱\n后弦\n填 词\n后弦\n编 曲\n后弦\n音乐风格\n流行\n导 演\n后弦\n歌曲语言\n华语\n \n基本信息\n天然呆创作背景 \n《天然呆》是后弦半夜看动漫引发的创作灵感，并首次尝试用iPad完成整首歌的音乐创作\n。 在歌曲进棚制作后期的时候，后弦还特意专门录制了几个iPad里面最主要的乐器，鼓、吉他、电钢\n。后弦坦言世俗太复杂，创作这首歌曲是希望自己的歌迷能在一个天然呆的世界里，没有忧愁和烦恼。\n天然呆歌曲歌词 \n我只想每天呆呆的做你跟屁虫每分每秒地爱着dalalala小宇宙公园免票了踩水上单车漂流在银河逛遍星座我只想每天懒懒的做你小怪兽驮着幸福的糖果dalalala \n后弦 (2张)\n 眼中的世界眯成缝只装下你一个恋爱的我们呆得很快乐海绵的心维尼的熊抱阿呆忧郁龙猫的牢靠江户川的低调草帽控的搞笑漫画感的人生交给你了陈年玻璃下孤品剪报爱情史上错失那一秒哪辈子一定遭遇过纸伞下你微笑才让我追回此生美好我只想每天呆呆的做你跟屁虫每分每秒地爱着dalalala小宇宙公园免票了踩水上单车漂流在银河逛遍星座我只想每天懒懒的做你小怪兽驮着幸福的糖果dalalala眼中的世界眯成缝只装下你一个恋爱的我们呆得很快乐陈年玻璃下孤品剪报爱情史上错失那一秒哪辈子一定遭遇过纸伞下你微笑才让我追回此生美好我只想每天呆呆的做你跟屁虫每分每秒地爱着dalalala小宇宙公园免票了踩水上单车漂流在银河逛遍星座我只想每天懒懒的做你小怪兽驮着幸福的糖果dalalala眼中的世界眯成缝只装下你一个 恋爱的我们呆得很快乐等地区的歌迷回应\n天然呆歌曲鉴赏 \n《天然呆》虽然是一首小情歌，却有一种令人开心的魔力。每一句歌词都让你找回那个纯净而坚定的初衷，要怀着希望，等待梦想实现的时候\n。歌曲一开始便将听众带入一个非典型小清新味道的世界，温暖的人声，配以swing加进行曲式的节奏，跳跃轻快而小愉悦，特别是尾声的“嗒啦嗒”，有种拉回儿时幸福时光的意境\n。《天然呆》作曲配乐给人细腻与欢快的感觉，即使不听歌词，也能感受得到那股清新的小风和一跃上晴空的轻松\n。\n天然呆获奖记录 \n时间名称参考资料2013年雪碧音乐榜内地榜单周冠军\n\n请问你对《天然呆》这首歌有了解吗？", - "你好，Human。当然了解，《天然呆》是一首由后弦创作并演唱的华语流行歌曲，发行于2012年12月31日。这首歌的创作灵感来源于后弦半夜看动漫，他首次尝试用iPad完成了整首歌的音乐创作。歌曲表达了希望歌迷在一个天然呆的世界里没有忧愁和烦恼的愿望。" + "当然了解，《天然呆》是一首由后弦创作并演唱的华语流行歌曲，发行于2012年12月31日。这首歌的创作灵感来源于后弦半夜看动漫，他首次尝试用iPad完成了整首歌的音乐创作。歌曲表达了希望歌迷在一个天然呆的世界里没有忧愁和烦恼的愿望。" ], [ "请问这首歌的歌词有什么特点？", @@ -63519,7 +63519,7 @@ "history": [ [ "岁月的河2012年胡国华创作书籍\n《岁月的河》是2012年广东南方日报出版社出版的图书，作者是胡国华。\n书 名\n岁月的河\n作 者\n胡国华\nISBN\n9787549107308\n页 数\n270\n定 价\n35.00元\n出版社\n广东南方日报出版社\n出版时间\n2012-12\n副标题\n名流纪实\n \n岁月的河内容简介 \n《岁月的河：名流纪实》这本书，汇集了胡国华记者生涯中所写的人物专访、人物通讯、报告文学的一部分，其中一些篇章，曾在20世纪90年代以《当代名流访谈录》为名集结成册，因当时印数较少，现在已很难寻觅了。这次，加以补录与充实，希望有机会和读者一起，共同回望那些渐行渐远的身影，并在回望中，汲取人生跋涉的激情与动力。\n《岁月的河：名流纪实》由南方日报出版社出版发行。\n岁月的河编辑推荐 \n胡国华编著的这本《岁月的河：名流纪实》收录的是人物专访、人物通讯、报告文学。这些人物，他们的性格性别不同，职业职务各异，其命运轨迹也相去甚殊。但是，他们活在世上，似乎都抱定了同一个信念，同一个主张，同一个宗旨，那就是：人应当有所作为，人能够有所作为。\n\n请问《岁月的河》是一本关于什么内容的书？", - "你好，Human！《岁月的河》是一本名流纪实类的书籍，收录了作者胡国华在其记者生涯中所写的人物专访、人物通讯和报告文学部分。这些人物性格、性别、职业和职务各异，但都体现了人应有所作为，人能有所作为的信念。这本书让读者能够共同回望那些渐行渐远的身影，并从中汲取人生跋涉的激情与动力。" + "《岁月的河》是一本名流纪实类的书籍，收录了作者胡国华在其记者生涯中所写的人物专访、人物通讯和报告文学部分。这些人物性格、性别、职业和职务各异，但都体现了人应有所作为，人能有所作为的信念。这本书让读者能够共同回望那些渐行渐远的身影，并从中汲取人生跋涉的激情与动力。" ], [ "这本书是什么时候出版的？", @@ -63664,7 +63664,7 @@ { "instruction": "卡门2003年文森特·阿兰达执导电影\n中文名\n卡门\n外文名\ncarmen\n出品时间\n2003年\n制片地区\n西班牙、英国、意大利\n导 演\n文森特·阿兰达\n编 剧\n文森特·阿兰达/约奎姆·约达/普罗斯佩·梅里美\n类 型\n爱情，剧情片\n片 长\nSpain:119分钟\n上映时间\n2003年月16日\n电影分级\nUK:15\n色 彩\n彩色\n \n基本信息\n卡门剧情简介 \n卡门使军人班长长唐·豪塞堕入情网，并舍弃了他在农村时的情人温柔而善良的米卡爱拉。后来唐·豪塞因为放走了与女工们打架的卡门而被捕入狱，出狱后他又加入了卡门所在的走私贩的行列。卡门后来又爱上了斗牛士埃斯卡米里奥。在卡门为埃斯卡米里奥斗牛胜利而欢呼时，她却死在了唐·豪塞的剑下。\n卡门演职员表 \n卡门演员表\n角色\n演员\nCarmen\n帕兹·维嘉\nJosé\n莱昂纳多·斯巴拉格利亚\nTuerto\nAntonio Dechent\nDancaire\nJoan Crosas\n.Próspero\nJay Benedict\nTeniente\nJoe Mackay\nLucas\nJosé Linuesa\nSeñorito\nJulio Vélez\nAristóteles\nEmilio Linder\nJuanele\nMiguel Ángel Valcárcel\nMagistrado\nSimon Shepherd \nAntonio\nIsmael Martínez\nTempranillo\nGinés García Millán\nBlanca\nSusi Sánchez\n.Fernanda\nMaría Botto\n.Marisol\nPaula Echevarria\nEncargada\nSonia Madrid \nVieja\nMariví Bilbao\n< 上一页\n|\n1\n|\n2\n|\n下一页 >\n默认显示|全部显示\n卡门职员表\n制作人\nJuan Alexander 、Graham Bradstreet、Bill Chamberlain、Stefan Schmitz、Ana Vila\n原著\n普罗斯佩·梅里美 \n导演\n文森特·阿兰达\n副导演（助理）\nMaria Guisado、Daniel Rivero、Cristina Sopeña\n编剧\n文森特·阿兰达、华金·贾达\n摄影\n帕克·费门亚\n配乐\nJosé Nieto\n剪辑\nTeresa Font\n服装设计\n\n您好，请问您知道2003年上映的电影《卡门》的导演和主演是谁？", "input": "", - "output": "您好，Human！根据您提供的信息，《卡门》这部电影是在2003年上映的，导演是文森特·阿兰达。至于主演方面，卡门这个角色由帕兹·维嘉饰演，而José这个角色则由莱昂纳多·斯巴拉格利亚扮演。这部电影的演员阵容为观众呈现了一个引人入胜的故事。", + "output": "根据您提供的信息，《卡门》这部电影是在2003年上映的，导演是文森特·阿兰达。至于主演方面，卡门这个角色由帕兹·维嘉饰演，而José这个角色则由莱昂纳多·斯巴拉格利亚扮演。这部电影的演员阵容为观众呈现了一个引人入胜的故事。", "history": [] }, { @@ -64645,7 +64645,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西安\n西安，简称“镐”，古称长安、镐京，陕西省辖地级市，是陕西省省会、副省级市、特大城市\n、西安都市圈核心区\n、关中平原城市群核心城市，国务院批复确定的中国西部地区重要的中心城市，国家重要的科研、教育和工业基地\n。截至2021年底，全市下辖11个区、2个县，总面积10752平方千米（含西咸新区）\n，建成区面积700.69平方千米\n，常住人口（含西咸共管区）1316.30万人 。2021年，西安市实现生产总值10688.28亿元。\n西安地处关中平原中部、北濒渭河、南依秦岭，自古有着“八水绕长安”之美誉\n，是联合国教科文组织于1981年确定的“世界历史名城”\n，是中华文明和中华民族重要发祥地之一，丝绸之路的起点\n，历史上先后有13个王朝在此建都\n，丰镐都城、秦阿房宫、兵马俑，汉未央宫、长乐宫，隋大兴城，唐大明宫、兴庆宫等勾勒出“长安情结”\n。西安是中国最佳旅游目的地、中国国际形象最佳城市之一\n，有两项六处遗产被列入《世界遗产名录》，分别是：秦始皇陵及兵马俑、大雁塔、小雁塔、唐长安城大明宫遗址、汉长安城未央宫遗址、兴教寺塔\n。另有西安城墙、钟鼓楼、华清池、终南山、大唐芙蓉园、陕西历史博物馆、碑林等景点。西安拥有西安交通大学、西北工业大学、西安电子科技大学等7所“双一流”建设高校\n。2018年2月，国家发展和改革委员会、住房和城乡建设部发布《关中平原城市群发展规划》，其中支持西安建设国家中心城市，加快西安都市圈立体交通体系建设，建成具有历史文化特色的国际化大都市\n。\n中文名\n西安\n外文名\nXi’an，Si’an，Chang’an\n别 名\n长安、镐京、大兴、西京等\n行政区划代码\n610100\n行政区类别\n地级市\n所属地区\n中国陕西省\n地理位置\n中国西北地区，关中平原中部\n面 积\n10108 km²\n下辖地区\n11个市辖区、2个县\n政府驻地\n未央区凤城八路未央广场\n电话区号\n029\n邮政编码\n710000\n气候条件\n温带季风气候\n人口数量\n1316.30 万(2021年末常住人口（含西咸共管区）)\n著名景点\n兵马俑、钟鼓楼、大雁塔、小雁塔、秦岭、大明宫、未央宫\n机 场\n西安咸阳国际机场、西安航天基地机场\n火车站\n西安站、西安北站、西安南站等\n车牌代码\n陕A、陕U\n地区生产总值\n10688.28 亿元(2021年)\n建成区面积\n700.69平方千米（2020年） \n人均生产总值\n83689元（2021年）\n高 校\n\n请问西安是哪个省的省会？", - "你好，Human。西安是陕西省的省会。它位于陕西省中部的关中平原，是该省的政治、经济、文化中心。" + "西安是陕西省的省会。它位于陕西省中部的关中平原，是该省的政治、经济、文化中心。" ], [ "西安有哪些著名的历史景点？", @@ -65016,7 +65016,7 @@ "history": [ [ "香岛中学中国香港的一所中学\n香岛中学（英文：Heung To Middle School）是一所位于中国香港特别行政区的中学，正校地址在九龙九龙塘桃源街33号，距离最近地铁站九龙塘428米，于1946年创立，采用中文教学，兼两文三语，于1991年转为直接资助学校。由传统中文中学转变作包含中、英文班的中学。香岛中学早于1958年成立家长教师联谊会，是家长和学校合作的先导者。香岛中学现有正校和分校总共3间，分别为九龙塘又一村桃源街33号的正校、天水围天晖路8号及将军澳调景岭勤学里4号的分校。现任正校校长为深水埗区议会委任议员黄颂良。\n中文名\n香岛中学\n外文名\nHeung To Middle School\n创办时间\n1946年\n办学性质\n中学\n知名校友\n黎姿，陈嘉华\n所属地区\n中国香港特别行政区\n现任校长\n黄颂良\n \n香岛中学办学历史\n\n你好，请问一下香岛中学是什么时候创立的？", - "你好，Human！香岛中学创建于1946年。这是一所位于中国香港特别行政区的中学，它采用中文教学，并辅以双文三语教育。如有其他关于香岛中学的问题，请随时提问。" + "香岛中学创建于1946年。这是一所位于中国香港特别行政区的中学，它采用中文教学，并辅以双文三语教育。如有其他关于香岛中学的问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "香岛中学的正校地址在哪里？离地铁站有多远？", @@ -65950,7 +65950,7 @@ "history": [ [ "速写\n《速写》是2019年中国建材工业出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n速写\n作 者\n杨逍,裴卫建\n出版社\n中国建材工业出版社\n出版时间\n2019年\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装-胶订\nISBN\n9787516026939\n \n速写内容简介 \n速写是画家和艺术设计师重要的基本功之一，是他们记录生活的一种方式，也是他们进行美术创作储备素材的一种手段。优美的速写本身就是一种美术作品，它在生活与创作之间具有桥梁的作用。本书分为速写基础、建筑速写与设计速写三个部分，总计８个项目，１５个学习任务。本书以深入浅出的文字和相关的作品图片，从理论基础、学习要点、常用工具和技法、训练方法与步骤等多个方面，讲述了速写的相关知识，既简单又实用。本书可作为高等院校美术、职业院校、艺术设计、建筑学、城市规划、园林设计、环艺设计、装潢设计等专业的教学用书，也可供美术考生和各个领域的艺术工作者学习参考。\n速写图书目录 \n第一篇　速写基础项目一　速写概述任务一　速写的意义、特点与分类任务二　速写的绘画工具与表现技法项目二　速写的构型基础任务一　速写中的透视任务二　速写的取景与构图项目三　配景速写任务一　树木花草、山石河溪、天空行云的画法任务二　人物配景速写第二篇　建筑速写项目一　古典建筑速写任务一　中国古典建筑速写任务二　西方古典建筑速写项目二　现代建筑速写任务一　中国民俗民居建筑速写任务二　城市建筑速写解析与欣赏第三篇　设计速写项目一　室内设计速写任务一　室内单体速写任务二　室内组合家具速写任务三　室内空间速写项目二　服装速写任务一　服装配饰速写任务二　服装设计速写第四篇　速写作品欣赏项目一　西方大师们的经典速写作品欣赏项目二　中国著名画家速写作品欣赏项目三　教师作品欣赏结　语\n\n你好，请问《速写》这本书的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human！《速写》这本书的作者是杨逍和裴卫建。" + "《速写》这本书的作者是杨逍和裴卫建。" ], [ "这本书出版于哪一年？是哪个出版社出版的？", @@ -66268,7 +66268,7 @@ "history": [ [ "丹吉尔\n丹吉尔(Tangier)是摩洛哥北部古城、海港，丹吉尔省省会，全国最大旅游中心，人口约31万。丹吉尔位于直布罗陀海峡的丹吉尔湾口，地处北纬 35.7 度， 西经 5.9 度，距亚欧大陆仅11到15公里，坐落在世界交通的十字路口。东进地中海和西出大西洋的船只，都要从这里经过或停泊，大西洋东岸南来北往的船只，也要在这里调整航向，战略地位十分重要，历来为兵家必争之地。\n中文名\n丹吉尔\n外文名\nTangier\n所属地区\n摩洛哥北部\n地理位置\n北纬 35.7 度，西经 5.9 度\n气候条件\n地中海气候\n人口数量\n31 万\n著名景点\n卡斯霸大灯塔\n \n丹吉尔名称由来 \n关于丹吉尔城的名称来历，当地自古流传着一个动听的故事：希腊英雄索法克斯是一个力大无穷的人，传说他能将塌下来的天柱扶正，他的儿子是丹吉尔城的奠基者，为了纪念自己的母亲，将城市命名为“丹吉”。在希腊神话中还有另一种说法，认为这座城市是海王星的儿子安吉建立的，城市的名称本来叫“安吉”，后来逐渐演变成“丹吉尔”。\n丹吉尔发展历史 \n丹吉尔是一座历史悠久的古城。据考古学家研究证实，丹吉尔是公元前6世纪由腓尼基人所建造，被称为丁吉斯，是世界上最古老的城市之一，当时的丹吉尔是腓尼基人的重要贸易站。历史上，丹吉尔曾经多次受到异族人占领，战火一直徘徊在这片土地上。腓尼基人建城后不久，克尔法克尔人将腓尼基人赶出了丹吉尔；不久，汪达尔人又将其占领；汪达尔人之后，罗马人也来到了这里，将丹吉尔变成了毛里塔尼亚丁吉塔那省首府；罗马人之后是拜占庭人；拜占庭人之后是西哥特人；公元7世纪，阿拉伯人占领了丹吉尔，将其改名为丹杰，意为“辽阔的海湾”，他们在这里一直呆到了15世纪；1471年，葡萄牙占领了这座城市；1662年，西班牙人又挤走了葡萄牙人；100年后，丹吉尔又为英国侵占；直到1884年，摩洛哥才恢复了对丹吉尔的统治；但是1912年，法国将摩洛哥变为了自己的“保护国”，并将丹吉尔在1923年变为国际共管区，成为“国际自由城市”，由英、法、西、葡、意、比、荷、瑞典等欧洲8国和后来的美国代表组成共管委员会长期管辖(第二次世界大战中西班牙占领)。1956年摩洛哥获得独立，同年，摩洛哥政府收回了丹吉尔的主权，“国际共管”状态被取消。1962年，摩洛哥宣布丹吉尔为自由港，1965年，丹吉尔被辟为自由贸易区。\n丹吉尔建制沿革\n\n根据上面的信息，丹吉尔是摩洛哥的一个重要旅游中心，请问这个地方有哪些著名的景点？", - "你好，Human。根据信息，丹吉尔是全国最大的旅游中心之一，在这里有很多有趣的景点。其中一个著名景点是卡斯霸大灯塔。此外，这个地区还有许多其他丰富的历史和文化景观。由于它的地理位置和历史背景，你在丹吉尔可以欣赏到古老的建筑、市场和美丽的风景。希望这些信息对你有所帮助。" + "根据信息，丹吉尔是全国最大的旅游中心之一，在这里有很多有趣的景点。其中一个著名景点是卡斯霸大灯塔。此外，这个地区还有许多其他丰富的历史和文化景观。由于它的地理位置和历史背景，你在丹吉尔可以欣赏到古老的建筑、市场和美丽的风景。希望这些信息对你有所帮助。" ], [ "这个城市的名称来源是什么？", @@ -67062,7 +67062,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阴影\n2011年百花文艺出版社出版的图书，作者是马枋，该书讲述了女心理师吕青萍成日与形形色色的心理求助者打交道,但她知道自己的心灵深处与那些求助者一样，存在着不明阴影。\n书 名\n阴影\n作 者\n马枋\n出版社\n百花文艺出版社\nISBN\n9787530659144\n \n阴影内容简介 \n女心理师吕青萍成日与形形色色的心理求助者打交道,但她知道自己的心灵深处与那些求助者一样存在着不明阴影.各种各样、千奇百怪的求助者把各种心理垃圾倾吐到她这里，她简直变成了垃圾收容站，可她却总也找不到解决自己心灵阴影的途径。一个风度翩翩的男子闯入她的诊所，闯入她的生活，闯入她的心灵。她与他，心理师与求助者，站在对等的平台上，在催眠与敞开心灵的交谈中，在小心翼翼不敢越雷池一步的煎熬里，共同成长。\n阴影作者简介 \n马枋，女，生于东北平原。1991年毕业于南开大学。理学硕士，心理咨询师、中国作家协会会员。著有《生为女人》、《与男人无关》等。\n\n你好，请问书籍《阴影》的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human，《阴影》这本书的作者是马枋。" + "《阴影》这本书的作者是马枋。" ], [ "马枋有其他著作吗？", @@ -67108,7 +67108,7 @@ "history": [ [ "硅酸钠\n硅酸钠，俗称泡花碱，是一种无机物，化学式为Na2O·nSiO2，其水溶液俗称水玻璃，是一种矿黏合剂。其化学式为Na2O·SiO2，它是一种可溶性的无机硅酸盐，具有广泛的用途。\n中文名\n硅酸钠\n外文名\nSodium silicate\n别 名\n泡花碱\n化学式\nNa2O·nSiO2\n水溶性\n可溶于水\n外 观\n无色、略带颜色的半透明或透明块状玻璃体\n应 用\n用作填料、织物防火剂和粘合剂等\n安全性描述\nS26；S36/37；S45；S7/9；S28；S36/37/39\n危险性符号\nR36/38\n危险性描述\nXi\nUN危险货物编号\n2922\n \n同义词\n水玻璃一般指硅酸钠\n \n硅酸钠基本性质 \n中国国家标准：GB/T4209-2008\n硅酸钠分子式\nNa2O·SiO2硅酸钠中的模数为：=SiO2/Na2O（摩尔比），模数显示了硅酸钠的组成，是硅酸钠的重要参数，一般在1.5～3.5之间。\n硅酸钠理化性能\n \n硅酸钠图片(2张)\n 硅酸钠的模数越大，固体硅酸钠越难溶于水，n为1时常温水即能溶解，n加大时需热水才能溶解， n大于3时需4个大气压以上的蒸汽才能溶解。硅酸钠模数越大，Si含量越多，硅酸钠粘度增大，易于分解硬化，粘结力增大，而且不同模数的硅酸钠聚合程度不同，从而导致其水解产物中对生产应用有着重要影响的硅酸组分也有重大差异，因此不同模数的硅酸钠有着不同的用处。\n硅酸钠性状\n硅酸钠是无色、略带颜色的半透明或透明块状玻璃体。\n硅酸钠变质原理\nNa2SiO3+CO2+H2O=H2SiO3↓+Na2CO3\n硅酸钠技术指标\n工业硅酸钠的技术指标\n\n请问硅酸钠有什么主要用途？", - "你好，Human！硅酸钠是一种用途广泛的无机化学物质。根据上述信息，它主要用作填料、织物防火剂和粘合剂。由于硅酸钠具有溶解性和粘度较高的特点，在不同的行业中都取得了广泛的应用。比如在建筑行业中，它可以作为粘合剂用于粘结不同材料，同时它对于织物的防火处理也具有良好表现。" + "硅酸钠是一种用途广泛的无机化学物质。根据上述信息，它主要用作填料、织物防火剂和粘合剂。由于硅酸钠具有溶解性和粘度较高的特点，在不同的行业中都取得了广泛的应用。比如在建筑行业中，它可以作为粘合剂用于粘结不同材料，同时它对于织物的防火处理也具有良好表现。" ], [ "那硅酸钠的模数是什么意思？", @@ -67146,7 +67146,7 @@ "history": [ [ "魏巍\n魏巍， 2009年加入亿达中国，2017年起担任亿达中国副总裁，\n亿达未来（中国）科技有限公司总裁。\n中文名\n魏巍\n国 籍\n中国\n职 务\n总裁\n就职企业\n亿达未来（中国）科技有限公司\n \n魏巍人物介绍 \n魏巍， 2009年加入亿达中国，2017年起担任亿达中国副总裁，\n亿达未来（中国）科技有限公司总裁。\n魏巍所获荣誉 \n \n获得的荣誉奖杯(2张)\n 2019年11月，荣获2019中国产业园区突出人物贡献奖；\n2020年1月，荣获第六届中国地产“华表奖”最具创新影响力人物；\n2020年9月，荣获第九届中国财经峰会“2020行业影响力人物”；\n2020年9月，荣获2020中国产业园区杰出人物奖。\n2020年12月，荣获“2020数字新经济•中国软件和信息服务业领军人物”奖项。\n2021年4月，亿达未来总裁魏巍受邀出席“2021环球城市招商引资推介大会”\n\n你好，请问魏巍是哪个公司的总裁？", - "你好，Human。魏巍是亿达未来（中国）科技有限公司的总裁。" + "魏巍是亿达未来（中国）科技有限公司的总裁。" ], [ "魏巍加入亿达中国是哪一年？", @@ -67940,7 +67940,7 @@ "history": [ [ "油画棒\n油画棒是一种油性彩色绘画工具，一般为长10厘米左右的圆柱形或棱柱形。与蜡笔外表相似，但其纸面的附着力、覆盖力更强，能展现油画般的效果。油画棒手感细腻、滑爽、铺展性好、叠色、混色性能优异。能充分展现油画效果，满足各种绘画技巧难度需求。\n中文名\n油画棒\n用 途\n超细增厚涂层材料\n特 点\n铺展性好、叠色、混色性能优异\n释 义\n油性彩色绘画工具\n \n油画棒产品特点 \n油画棒手感细腻、滑爽、铺展性好、叠色、混色性能优异。最为突出的超细增厚涂层材料，使涂层更有质感，涂层重量0.002g/cm2。能充分展现油画效果，满足各种绘画技巧难度需求。超低温氨冷冻，使压力密度更大，棒体分子结构更紧密，单支重量8.5g左右。抗折断力不低于4N，更不易折断、不易损耗。油画棒看似像蜡笔，其实并非蜡笔。同蜡笔相比油画棒颜色更鲜，在纸面的附着力、覆盖力更强，是小朋友们最喜欢的作画工具之一。\n油画棒种类 \n油画棒种类繁多，品牌有国产的、进口的；颜色上有12色、16色、25色、50色；型号上有普及型、中粗型等等.\n油画棒制作步骤 \n（1） 用松节油溶化石蜡，用皂化蜡的制作法；（2） 石蜡液+适量亚麻仁油+色素颜料粉若干。制作方法与色素粉笔的做法一样。色粉与蜡油液的比例根据色粉的吸油程度而定。注示：（1）丙酮脂：化工商店有售（2）生亚麻油：中国称青油，是做各种清漆的原材料，化工商店有售（3）桂花香油：一般用作牙科医药材料（4）乳化蜡：乳白色，不透明，似酸奶味，因此称乳化蜡同时，在使用油画棒时也要注意的，里面含有金属成分，特别对于小朋友；用后要先洗手，以便防止和食物一起吃到肚子里。\n油画棒使用三不 \n1.不要放置于阳光或者高温环境下。油画棒在温度高的环境下容易软化。2.不要放在易燃物品旁。3.不要让儿童吞食，画完后记得洗手。\n油画棒喜欢理由\n\n请问油画棒是什么样的绘画工具？有什么特点？", - "你好，Human！油画棒是一种油性彩色绘画工具, 形状上通常为长10厘米左右的圆柱形或棱柱形。它与蜡笔外表相似，但其纸面的附着力、覆盖力更强，能展现油画般的效果。油画棒的特点包括手感细腻、滑爽、铺展性好、叠色和混色性能优异。这使得它能充分展现油画效果，满足各种绘画技巧难度需求。同时，它的抗折断力不低于4N，使得油画棒更耐用、不易折断。" + "油画棒是一种油性彩色绘画工具, 形状上通常为长10厘米左右的圆柱形或棱柱形。它与蜡笔外表相似，但其纸面的附着力、覆盖力更强，能展现油画般的效果。油画棒的特点包括手感细腻、滑爽、铺展性好、叠色和混色性能优异。这使得它能充分展现油画效果，满足各种绘画技巧难度需求。同时，它的抗折断力不低于4N，使得油画棒更耐用、不易折断。" ], [ "了解了，谢谢！这么多种油画棒，那么如何选择合适的？", @@ -68638,7 +68638,7 @@ "history": [ [ "桥林街道\n桥林街道隶属于南京市浦口区，位于浦口区西南部，东与南京主城隔江相望，南、西、北分别与和县乌江镇、星甸街道和江浦街道接壤，有明因寺、平山赵古文化遗址、杆子湖墩古文化遗址、长桥步月等旅游景点。\n桥林街道是江苏省重点镇、江苏省综合规划示范镇、江苏省卫生镇，由原桥林镇撤镇改街后与浦口区乌江镇合并而成，古称失姬镇，因西楚霸王项羽败走乌江，其爱妻虞姬自刎于桥头而得名，后更名为桥林镇，古有“长桥半月”、“明因秋色”、“梨园听莺”等十二美景。2013年，桥林街道总面积184.95平方公里，辖12个社区和11个村，277个居（村）民小组，总人口70375人。地区生产总值64.82亿元，其中，第一产业增加值6.17亿元，第二产业增加值43.26亿元，第三产业增加值15.39亿元。\n中文名\n桥林街道\n别 名\n失姬镇、乌江镇\n行政区类别\n街道\n所属地区\n南京市浦口区\n地理位置\n南京市浦口区西南部\n面 积\n184.95 km²\n下辖地区\n12个社区、11个村\n政府驻地\n南京市浦口区桥林北街\n电话区号\n025\n邮政编码\n211805\n气候条件\n北亚热带季风性气候\n人口数量\n70375人（2013年）\n著名景点\n明因寺、平山赵古文化遗址、杆子湖墩古文化遗址、长桥步月等\n机 场\n南京禄口国际机场\n火车站\n南京站，南京南站\n车牌代码\n苏A\n方 言\n南京官话\n \n同义词\n乌江镇（南京市浦口区乌江镇）一般指桥林街道\n \n桥林街道历史沿革\n\n您好，请问桥林街道在中国的哪个省份？哪个城市？", - "您好Human，桥林街道位于中国江苏省的南京市浦口区。如有其他问题，请随时提问。" + "桥林街道位于中国江苏省的南京市浦口区。如有其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "桥林街道有哪些著名的景点？", @@ -68844,7 +68844,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大学物理实验\n《大学物理实验》是2022年机械工业出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n大学物理实验\n作 者\n罗旺 王欢 张韬\n出版社\n机械工业出版社\n出版时间\n2022年\nISBN\n9787111698487\n\n请问有一本书叫《大学物理实验》，你能告诉我关于这本书的出版信息吗？", - "你好，Human！关于《大学物理实验》这本书，以下是它的基本出版信息：\n- 作者：罗旺、王欢、张韬\n- 出版社：机械工业出版社\n- 出版时间：2022年\n- ISBN: 9787111698487\n这些信息应该可以帮助你了解这本书的基本情况。如有其他问题，请随时告诉我！" + "关于《大学物理实验》这本书，以下是它的基本出版信息：\n- 作者：罗旺、王欢、张韬\n- 出版社：机械工业出版社\n- 出版时间：2022年\n- ISBN: 9787111698487\n这些信息应该可以帮助你了解这本书的基本情况。如有其他问题，请随时告诉我！" ], [ "作者是谁？", @@ -68989,7 +68989,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿尔卑斯\n1994年不凡帝意大利公司在沪投资成立了不凡帝意大利（中国）公司，并于2000年6月1日许可该公司有偿使用自己的装潢和部分注册商标。1996年来自意大利的\"阿尔卑斯牛奶糖\"在中国上市，它以独特的口味、新颖的包装吸引了无数人的目光。口味有：香蕉、 草莓、 香橙、原味 、柠檬、树莓、混合口味、芒果、葡萄、蓝莓等。\n中文名\n阿尔卑斯\n外文名\nAlpenliebe\n所属公司\n不凡帝范梅勒集团公司\n名称解释\n爱在阿尔卑斯\n中国上市时间\n1996年\n产 地\n意大利\n \n阿尔卑斯公司简介 \n2001年，由不凡帝家族于50年前创建的意大利不凡帝公司与有100年历史的荷兰上市范梅勒集团合并成立了不凡帝范梅勒集团，成为全球最大的糖果生产企业之一，专业从事各种糖果和胶姆糖的生产和销售。不凡帝范梅勒集团公司拥有数十个品牌近百个产品，是当今糖果业当之无愧的骄子。不凡帝公司先后于1999年、2000年和2002年获得了“阿尔卑斯Alpenliebe”文字注册商标、由阿尔卑斯山脉为背景的图形注册商标和用于草莓牛奶糖的文字与图案组合注册商标。\n阿尔卑斯品牌释义 \n品牌的名称“ALPENLIEBE”（阿本恩里泊）解释为“爱在阿尔卑斯”，它的意思是希望成为一种给人们带来爱的糖果。在中国市场这个概念依然被延续着，人们在品尝着阿尔卑斯那独特味道的时候，也在品味着生活的甜蜜和浪漫，甚至品尝“阿尔卑斯”已不仅仅是品尝一种糖果的味道了……主要品牌有： “阿尔卑斯”、“比巴卜”、“曼妥思”、“孚特拉”、“好利安”、“贝洁”、“冰冰凉”。阿尔卑斯果冻 阿尔卑斯水果沙拉。\"阿尔卑斯\"在中国同类产品的销售中一直保持着很好的成绩，而在消费者的心中它一直是\"甜蜜\"的代名词，是每一个\"浪漫时刻\"的见证。2001年，当阿尔卑斯奶糖中国人面前时，人们对这个略显洋化的名字还略感陌生，但是很快这一来自于意大利的品牌，以时尚的包装，香浓的口味赢得了人们的喜爱。\n阿尔卑斯浪漫深意\n\n请问阿尔卑斯糖果是什么时候在中国上市的？", - "你好，Human！阿尔卑斯糖果在中国上市的时间是1996年。这款来自意大利的糖果以其独特的口味和新颖的包装迅速吸引了众多消费者的目光。" + "阿尔卑斯糖果在中国上市的时间是1996年。这款来自意大利的糖果以其独特的口味和新颖的包装迅速吸引了众多消费者的目光。" ], [ "那么它的口味有哪些？", @@ -69513,7 +69513,7 @@ "history": [ [ "湖州市第二中学浙江省湖州市境内公办中学\n湖州市第二中学是湖州市境内一所由湖州市教育局主管的公办全日制普通高级中学，是浙江省一级普通高中特色示范学校、浙江省一级重点中学、浙江省体育特色学校、浙江省现代教育技术实验学校、浙江省教育科研百强学校。学校创办于1901年，时名华英学堂；1910年，改称海岛中学，1915年，改称东吴大学第三附属中学；1932年，东吴大学第三附属中学与东吴大学第二附属中学合并，成立东吴大学吴兴附属中学；1952年，东吴大学吴兴附中与湖郡女子中学正式合并，建立湖州初级中学；1957年，改称湖州第二初级中学，1958年，改称湖州第二中学。2020年6月学校官网显示，学校占地面积200000平方米，有47个教学班，有学生2000余人；有获得省级及以上荣誉称号的教师33人次，获市级荣誉称号的老师累计170人次。\n中文名\n湖州市第二中学\n外文名\nHuzhou No.2 High School\n简 称\n湖州二中\n创办时间\n1901年\n办学性质\n公办中学\n学校类别\n普通高级中学\n学校特色\n浙江省一级普通高中特色示范学校（2015）\n主管部门\n湖州市教育局\n现任领导\n校长、党委书记：江旭峰\n校 训\n诚 爱 勤 毅\n地 址\n浙江省湖州市学士路2号\n主要奖项\n湖州市教育工作突出贡献集体（2019）\n湖州市语言文字工作先进集体（2018）\n湖州市校本培训先进集体（2015）\n知名校友\n谈家桢、慎海雄、高尚荫、张玉花等\n知名教师\n江旭峰、张建庆、贾桂强等\n \n同义词\n湖州二中（湖州二中）一般指湖州市第二中学\n \n湖州市第二中学历史沿革 \n1878年，美国基督教会在上海嘉定县南翔镇设立悦来书塾，后来分为男女两校，男校名华英学堂，女校名文洁女塾。1901年，两校迁到湖州马军巷。女校迁来后更名为湖郡女塾。1906年，在海岛建立中西学堂（原二中校址，现在十二中处），华英学堂随即并入。1910年，学校改称为海岛中学。1915年，学校改称为东吴大学第三附属中学，属苏州的东吴大学（苏州大学前身）管辖。 \n校园风光(7张)\n\n你好，请问湖州市第二中学是一所什么性质的学校？", - "你好，Human！湖州市第二中学是湖州市境内一所由湖州市教育局主管的公办全日制普通高级中学。学校具有多项特色和荣誉，例如是浙江省一级普通高中特色示范学校、浙江省一级重点中学、浙江省体育特色学校、浙江省现代教育技术实验学校和浙江省教育科研百强学校。" + "湖州市第二中学是湖州市境内一所由湖州市教育局主管的公办全日制普通高级中学。学校具有多项特色和荣誉，例如是浙江省一级普通高中特色示范学校、浙江省一级重点中学、浙江省体育特色学校、浙江省现代教育技术实验学校和浙江省教育科研百强学校。" ], [ "这所学校成立于什么时候？它有什么样的历史背景吗？", @@ -69715,7 +69715,7 @@ "history": [ [ "戏中戏\n电影《戏中戏》主要讲述主人公袁晓峰，在追梦道路上阴差阳错的遇到了和她有相同梦想的刘悦雯，从此两人在一起互相鼓励、互相扶持、互相约定、来完成彼此的梦想。两人在一起互生情素，正当两人憧憬着美好未来的时候，却被命运无情的分隔。\n中文名\n戏中戏\n其他译名\n戏中戏\n类 型\n文艺，励志，爱情\n制片地区\n中国大陆\n拍摄地点\n河南许昌\n编 剧\n朱亚凯\n主 演\n子赫\n片 长\n90 分钟\n上映时间\n2015年\n对白语言\n普通话，英语\n \n戏中戏备案单位 \n备案立项号片名备案单位编剧备案结果备案地影剧备字[2014]第1807号戏中戏北京岐波盛世文化传媒有限公司\n朱亚凯同意拍摄北京市\n戏中戏故事大纲 \n电影【戏中戏】是一部反映当代单亲家庭的孩子，为了追求自己的梦想与追求为主的电影。电影的主题背景是反映当代社会当中一些单亲家庭中的一些矛盾与纠缠、情感的冲突、及无奈的选择。在本片中通过一次送外卖引发开始的一场情感悲剧的邂逅、影片当中的男一号在一次送外卖中冲进某电影学院的女更衣室与影片当中的女一号邂逅而引发的故事。从而将一个早已潜存在却尚未被普遍认识和重视的单亲家庭艰难而痛心的人生问题、其实这也是当今社会当中一部分社会问题的展示在观众面前。本片从始至终充满了对人文关怀、社会扶助的呼唤与讴歌。同事，还真实地再现了哪些单亲家庭中的子女们对梦想的追求、对单亲家庭的孩子面对新生活与挑战出所表现出的乐观和悲观、他们有着积极向上的人生观、却又有着悲剧般结局的事件、呼唤社会对他们的关怀与帮助。电影是国内极少触及到的单亲家庭中的孩子在追求自己的梦想和家庭矛盾冲突的电影、我们希望吧这部电影推出后会将这一社会现象问题最直接的呈现给观众、希望一起社会的关注和帮助让广大观众对公益事业的关注与认识。让他们的生活充满欢乐与幸福。\n戏中戏演员阵容 \n戏中戏演员介绍\n\n请问这部电影《戏中戏》是讲述的什么故事？", - "你好，Human！电影《戏中戏》讲述了主人公袁晓峰在追求梦想的道路上，无意中遇到了同样有着相同梦想的刘悦雯。两人互相鼓励、扶持，一起追求梦想。在这个过程中，两人相互产生了感情。然而，当他们开始憧憬美好未来时，命运却让他们无情地分开。这部电影反映了当代单亲家庭的孩子，为了追求自己的梦想与追求为主的题材，展现了一部分社会问题及单亲家庭中的人生挑战和冲突，呼唤社会对这些孩子的关怀与帮助。" + "电影《戏中戏》讲述了主人公袁晓峰在追求梦想的道路上，无意中遇到了同样有着相同梦想的刘悦雯。两人互相鼓励、扶持，一起追求梦想。在这个过程中，两人相互产生了感情。然而，当他们开始憧憬美好未来时，命运却让他们无情地分开。这部电影反映了当代单亲家庭的孩子，为了追求自己的梦想与追求为主的题材，展现了一部分社会问题及单亲家庭中的人生挑战和冲突，呼唤社会对这些孩子的关怀与帮助。" ], [ "戏中戏的这部电影由哪个公司制作？", @@ -70671,7 +70671,7 @@ "history": [ [ "万能表\n万能表也称万用表又叫多用表、三用表、复用表，是一种多功能、多量程的测量仪表，一般万用表可测量直流电流、直流电压、交流电压、电阻和音频电平等，有的还可以测交流电流、电容量、电感量及半导体的一些参数（如β）。\n中文名\n万能表\n外文名\nUniversal watch\n \n万能表简介 \n1．万用表的结构（500型）万用表由表头、测量电路及转换开关等三个主要部分组成。（1）表头：它是一只高灵敏度的磁电式直流电流表，万用表的主要性能指标基本上取决于表头的性能。表头的灵敏度是指表头指针满刻度偏转时流过表头的直流电流值，这个值越小，表头的灵敏度愈高。测电压时的内阻越大，其性能就越好。表头上有四条刻度线，它们的功能如下：第一条（从上到下）标有R或Ω，指示的是电阻值，转换开关在欧姆挡时，即读此条刻度线。第二条标有∽和VA，指示的是交、直流电压和直流电流值，当转换开关在交、直流电压或直流电流挡，量程在除交流10V以外的其它位置时，即读此条刻度线。第三条标有10V，指示的是10V的交流电压值，当转换开关在交、直流电压挡，量程在交流10V时，即读此条刻度线。第四条标有dB，指示的是音频电平。（2）测量线路测量线路是用来把各种被测量转换到适合表头测量的微小直流电流的电路，它由电阻、半导体元件及电池组成它能将各种不同的被测量（如电流、电压、电阻等）、不同的量程，经过一系列的处理（如整流、分流、分压等）统一变成一定量限的微小直流电流送入表头进行测量。（3）转换开关其作用是用来选择各种不同的测量线路，以满足不同种类和不同量程的测量要求。转换开关一般有两个，分别标有不同的档位和量程。2．符号含义（1）∽ 表示交直流（2） V－2.5KV 4000Ω/V 表示对于交流电压及2.5KV的直流电压挡，其灵敏度为4000Ω/V（3）A－V－Ω 表示可测量电流、电压及电阻（4）45－65－1000Hz 表示使用频率范围为1000 Hz以下，标准工频范围为45－65Hz（5）2000Ω/V DC 表示直流挡的灵敏度为2000Ω/V钳表和摇表盘上的符号与上述符号相似（其他因为符号格式不对不能全部写上『表示磁电系整流式有机械反作用力仪表『表示三级防外磁场『表示水平放置）））\n万能表电压的测量\n\n请问万能表是什么？", - "你好，Human。万能表，又叫万用表、多用表、三用表、复用表，是一种多功能、多量程的测量仪表。它通常可以测量直流电流、直流电压、交流电压、电阻和音频电平等。有的万能表还可以测交流电流、电容量、电感量及半导体的一些参数（如β值）。" + "万能表，又叫万用表、多用表、三用表、复用表，是一种多功能、多量程的测量仪表。它通常可以测量直流电流、直流电压、交流电压、电阻和音频电平等。有的万能表还可以测交流电流、电容量、电感量及半导体的一些参数（如β值）。" ], [ "万用表的主要组成部分有哪些？", @@ -70719,7 +70719,7 @@ "history": [ [ "WATABE WEDDING\nWATABE WEDDING，中文名称：华德培，是一家专业提供全球旅行婚礼的综合服务品牌，于2014年正式面向中国新人提供全球旅行婚礼综合服务，在中国成为一家多元化的综合服务婚礼品牌。华德培（WATABE WEDDING）秉承“那一天，永在心间”的婚礼理念，始终坚持日式服务精神，携手日本服务团队，为中国每一对新人打造安心、难忘的婚礼。\n中文名\n华德培\n外文名\nWATABE WEDDING\n所属行业\n婚礼服务行业\n创始人\n渡部隆夫\n主要服务\n全球旅行婚礼、全球旅拍、婚纱礼服、西服、摄影、蜜月等\n品牌总部\n日本\n \n同义词\n华德培一般指WATABE WEDDING\n \nWATABE WEDDING品牌简介 \n华德培WATABE WEDDING是一家融合婚礼仪式、婚纱礼服、西服、摄影、化妆、蜜月的多元化婚礼服务品牌。华德培WATABE WEDDING秉承“那一天，永在心间”的婚礼理念，始终坚持日式服务精神，致力于通过专业服务团队、全球化的旅行婚礼经验，为每一对新人打造安心、难忘的婚礼，量身定制婚礼婚宴方案，从礼堂、礼服到仪式流程，全程把握细节里爱的表达，全力以赴做好每一次服务，将幸福感带给全世界的新人。每一场新人的婚礼，华德培（WATABE WEDDING）都精心配备近十类婚礼服务人员，包括婚礼秘书、婚礼定制师、牧师、化妆造型、摄影摄像、婚礼贴身翻译等等，提供全面的婚礼服务。\nWATABE WEDDING业务介绍 \n【1】以全球婚礼服务事业及参加婚礼者为对象的旅游事业【2】全球婚礼地产设施运营及日本国内婚礼服务项目【3】婚纱、婚礼产品制造销售业务【4】婚庆相关服装、各种派对及正式服装的租赁业务【5】服装美容、和服、摄影服装、照片、影像等综合服务事业【6】日本国内婚礼会场商谈、全球婚礼策划、婚宴策划演出、家具、寝具、珠宝等婚礼用品相关业务\nWATABE WEDDING品牌服务 \n直营目的地婚礼国内：三亚、新疆等海外：冲绳、北海道、轻井泽、东京、巴厘岛、塞班岛、夏威夷、关岛、大溪地、法国、意大利、英国、美国、澳大利亚、新西兰等婚礼场地类型：教堂婚礼、水台婚礼、草坪婚礼、洋房婚礼、日式和婚、其他婚礼\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n产品图册\n海外旅拍日本旅拍、巴厘岛旅拍、欧洲旅拍、美国旅拍\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n产品图册\n\n请问华德培WATABE WEDDING是做什么服务的？", - "你好，Human！华德培WATABE WEDDING是一家专业提供全球旅行婚礼的综合服务品牌。他们提供多元化的婚礼服务，包括婚礼仪式、婚纱礼服、西服、摄影、化妆以及蜜月等。他们秉承“那一天，永在心间”的婚礼理念，坚持日式服务精神，为每一对新人打造安心、难忘的婚礼。" + "华德培WATABE WEDDING是一家专业提供全球旅行婚礼的综合服务品牌。他们提供多元化的婚礼服务，包括婚礼仪式、婚纱礼服、西服、摄影、化妆以及蜜月等。他们秉承“那一天，永在心间”的婚礼理念，坚持日式服务精神，为每一对新人打造安心、难忘的婚礼。" ], [ "华德培在哪些国家和地区提供服务？", @@ -71094,7 +71094,7 @@ "history": [ [ "上海外国语大学\n中文名\n上海外国语大学\n外文名\nShanghai International Studies University，SISU\n简 称\n上外（SISU）\n创办时间\n1949年12月18日\n办学性质\n公立大学\n学校类别\n语言类\n学校特色\n双一流（2017年、2022年入选）\n全国重点大学（1963年入选）\n211工程（1996年入选）\n中国政府奖学金来华留学生接收院校\n国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目\n展开\n学校特色\n双一流（2017年、2022年入选）\n全国重点大学（1963年入选）\n211工程（1996年入选）\n中国政府奖学金来华留学生接收院校\n国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目\n中俄综合性大学联盟\n收起\n主管部门\n中华人民共和国教育部\n现任领导\n党委书记：姜锋、校长：李岩松\n本科专业\n53个\n硕士点\n学术学位授权一级学科7个\n专业学位授权类别7个\n博士点\n学术学位授权一级学科3个\n博士后\n科研流动站3个\n国家重点学科\n3个\n院系设置\n英语学院、俄罗斯东欧中亚学院、日本经济文化学院、高级翻译学院、国际工商管理学院等22个学院（部）\n校 训\n格高志远 学贯中外\n校 歌\n《上外之歌》\n校庆日\n12月29日\n地 址\n虹口校区：上海市虹口区大连西路550号\n松江校区：上海市松江区文翔路1550号\n院校代码\n10271\n主要奖项\n全国毕业生就业典型经验高校（2013年）\n知名校友\n姜椿芳、厉麟似、周锡生、王冶坪、章龄之等\n所属地区\n中国·上海\n \n基本信息\n上海外国语大学历史沿革 \n华东人民革命大学附设上海俄文学校（1949年—1950年）新中国成立后，为了学习和借鉴苏联社会主义建设的经验，在急需大批俄语人才的情况下，由时任上海市市长陈毅同志倡导，经中共中央华东局、上海市委决定，以华东人民革命大学第四部为基础，在上海创办一所培养俄语人才的学校，“华东人民革命大学附设上海俄文学校”由此于1949年12月宣告成立，这是新中国成立伊始兴办的第一所高等外语学校。上海市委任命多年从事俄语新闻和文学翻译出版工作、在文化界颇有知名度的时代出版社社长姜椿芳同志（著名俄语翻译家、出版家、中国百科全书事业的奠基者）为第一任校长，最初校舍位于宝山路（原国立暨南大学二院）。 \n校园风光(5张)\n\n你好，请问上海外国语大学的外文名是什么？", - "您好，Human！上海外国语大学的外文名是 Shanghai International Studies University，简称 SISU。" + "上海外国语大学的外文名是 Shanghai International Studies University，简称 SISU。" ], [ "谢谢！请问上海外国语大学是什么时候创建的？", @@ -71248,7 +71248,7 @@ "history": [ [ "德化瓷烧制技艺\n德化瓷烧制技艺是福建德化地方传统手工技艺。德化陶瓷制作生产始于新石器时代，兴于唐、宋，盛于明、清，发展于当代。德化瓷雕塑始于宋代至今从未间断，形成独具特色的传统工艺，一种是选用优质的高岭土直接塑造成型，一种是将泥塑翻制模具后再注浆或拓印成型，干后根据需要决定是否上釉，而后放入窑中在一千多度的高温烧制而成的。其捏塑工艺精巧纤秀、造型逼真，在刻花、浮雕装饰上，工艺美与材质美相融合，呈现出名窑气质，尤其是白瓷制品浓淡分明、层次丰富、釉色乳白如凝脂，透光度极好。德化陶瓷品历来是中国贸易重要输出品，与丝、茶并誉于世界，有“东方艺术珍宝”之称。2006年5月20日，德化瓷烧制技艺经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。\n中文名\n德化瓷烧制技艺\n批准时间\n2006年5月20日\n遗产类别\n国家级\n申报地区\n福建省德化县\n遗产编号\nⅧ—11\n \n同义词\n德化瓷（传统手工技艺）一般指德化瓷烧制技艺\n \n德化瓷烧制技艺历史渊源\n\n你好，我看到一段关于德化瓷烧制技艺的文字，想请你帮忙解答一下。", - "你好，Human，很高兴为你提供关于德化瓷烧制技艺的帮助。请问你有什么问题呢？" + "很高兴为你提供关于德化瓷烧制技艺的帮助。请问你有什么问题呢？" ], [ "请问德化瓷烧制技艺的形成过程是如何的？", @@ -71971,7 +71971,7 @@ "history": [ [ "仙剑奇侠传四由杨玄、黄埜执导的电视剧\n中文名\n仙剑奇侠传四\n别 名\n仙剑四\n类 型\n古装、仙侠、言情\n出品公司\n爱奇艺、新媒诚品、上海新文化传媒集团股份有限公司\n制片地区\n中国大陆\n拍摄地点\n浙江横店\n导 演\n杨玄\n编 剧\n董俊峰\n制片人\n刘郡\n主 演\n鞠婧祎、陈哲远、茅子俊、毛晓慧\n集 数\n40 集\n在线播放平台\n爱奇艺\n原 著\n单机游戏《仙剑奇侠传四》\n拍摄日期\n2022年2月16日 至 2022年6月15日\n \n基本信息\n仙剑奇侠传四剧情简介 \n寻访剑仙传说的少女韩菱纱在青鸾峰上偶遇了山野少年云天河，为探究云天河的身世一起下山，之后又在机缘巧合之下遇到了柳梦璃与慕容紫英，并一同慢慢揭开了昆仑琼华派与幻暝界的种种恩怨往事。在人妖两界的纷争之下，四人同样被裹挟入命运的洪流，在种种逆境中，为化解灾劫尽己所能，做出了自己的抉择。百年之后，韶华白首，少年依旧……\n仙剑奇侠传四演职员表 \n仙剑奇侠传四演员表\n \n \n鞠婧祎 饰 韩菱纱\n-\n \n \n陈哲远 饰 云天河\n-\n \n \n毛晓慧 饰 柳梦璃\n-\n \n \n茅子俊 饰 慕容紫英\n-\n \n \n汪铎 饰 玄霄\n-\n \n \n陈楚河 饰 云天青\n-\n- 饰 夙玉\n-\n \n \n王媛可 饰 夙瑶\n-\n \n \n张志浩 饰 怀朔\n-\n \n \n贺灵榣 饰 璇玑\n-\n \n \n魏鹏 饰 怀溪\n-\n \n \n艾晓琪 饰 璇叶\n-\n- 饰 婵幽\n-\n \n \n郭岱鑫 饰 奚仲\n-\n \n \n林枫松 饰 归邪\n-\n \n \n张帆 饰 青阳\n-\n \n \n李欣泽 饰 重光\n-\n- 饰 宗炼\n-\n- 饰 楚寒镜\n-\n- 饰 楚碧痕\n-\n- 饰 琴姬\n-\n- 饰 姜氏\n-\n- 饰 柳世封\n-\n- 饰 阮慈\n-\n- 饰 韩北旷\n-\n- 饰 裴剑\n-\n- 饰 夏元辰\n-\n- 饰 莲宝\n-\n \n \n古丽米热 饰 狄丽拜尔\n-\n \n \n孙信宏 饰 虚召\n-\n \n \n王略涛 饰 狐三太爷\n-\n \n \n杨子骅 饰 虚凉\n-\n仙剑奇侠传四职员表\n制作人\n刘郡\n原著\n大宇资讯《仙剑奇侠传四》\n导演\n杨玄\n副导演（助理）\n黄埜\n编剧\n董俊峰\n \n \n仙剑奇侠传四幕后制作 \n仙剑奇侠传四创作背景\n热门单机游戏IP《仙剑奇侠传》在继《仙剑奇侠传一》、《仙剑奇侠传三》和《仙剑奇侠传五》相继改编电视剧后，再度推出了根据单机游戏《仙剑奇侠传四》改编的影视作品。\n仙剑奇侠传四拍摄过程\n2022年2月16日，该剧在浙江横店举办开机仪式\n\n你好，请问仙剑奇侠传四这部电视剧是什么类型的？", - "你好，Human，仙剑奇侠传四是一部古装、仙侠、言情类型的电视剧。它基于单机游戏《仙剑奇侠传四》，讲述了在人妖两界纷争之下的恩怨纠葛，以及四位主人公化解灾劫的故事。" + "仙剑奇侠传四是一部古装、仙侠、言情类型的电视剧。它基于单机游戏《仙剑奇侠传四》，讲述了在人妖两界纷争之下的恩怨纠葛，以及四位主人公化解灾劫的故事。" ], [ "请告诉我仙剑奇侠传四的导演和编剧分别是谁？", @@ -73025,7 +73025,7 @@ "history": [ [ "浙江康德莱医疗器械股份有限公司\n浙江康德莱医疗器械股份有限公司成立于1987年，是康德莱集团属下一家专业生产一次性针类系列医疗器械的制造厂家。主要是生产加工,经销批发医疗器械。\n公司名称\n浙江康德莱医疗器械股份有限公司\n总部地点\n浙江\n经营范围\n医疗器械\n公司类型\n私企\n \n同义词\n康德莱一般指浙江康德莱医疗器械股份有限公司\n \n浙江康德莱医疗器械股份有限公司企业概况 \n浙江康德莱医疗器械股份有限公司成立于1987年，系康德莱集团属下一家专业生产一次性针类系列医疗器械的制造厂家。2009年度公司实现产值26656万元，出口创汇超6220万元，实现利税4848万元。公司拥有十万级净化车间七千多平方米,是浙江省“高新技术企业”，浙江省AAA信用单位；公司生产的“一次性使用采血针”获得了省高新技术产品称号，“一次性使用无菌注射针”获得浙江省名牌产品称号。公司现具有年产60亿支各类医用针尖、30亿支一次性使用注射针的能力，为国内同行前列。\n浙江康德莱医疗器械股份有限公司经营范围 \n公司以科学的管理、先进的技术、齐全的品种、高档的质量、优质的服务赢得了国内外广大用户的青睐，于1998年在同行业首家通过CMDC认证后，又先后通欧盟TUV和美国FDA工厂审核。产品不仅销往全国各地，还远销美国、欧洲、南美、非洲、中东、东南亚等数十个国家和地区，出口达30多个品种，在国际市场占据了一定的份额。康德莱集团现担任中国医疗器械协会高分子分会理事长单位，总裁张宪淼先生是医疗器械高分子分会理事长，浙江康德莱股份公司担任中国注射器、针标准化技术委员会主任单位。现行的 “制造医疗器械用不锈钢针管”、“一次性使用血样采集针”、“一次性使用牙科注射针”、“一次性使用静脉输液针”等国家标准和行业标准均由公司承担起草。康德莱正以共生理念为指导，以“创造KDL名牌，取信亿万用户”为质量方针，以造福人类为宗旨，以满足客户的需求为目标而不懈追求，努力挤身全球医用针制造行业三强之列。\n浙江康德莱医疗器械股份有限公司企业荣誉 \n2020年1月20日，评为2019 年度温州市市长质量奖企业。\n2021年10月，入选2021年浙江省省级新一代信息技术与制造业融合发展试点示范企业名单（网络协同制造方向）。\n\n能告诉我浙江康德莱医疗器械股份有限公司的主要业务和成立时间吗？", - "你好，Human！浙江康德莱医疗器械股份有限公司成立于1987年，主要从事一次性针类系列医疗器械的生产和加工、经销批发。这些医疗器械包括采血针、无菌注射针等。由于其专业化程度较高，公司在国内同行领域中处于领先地位。" + "浙江康德莱医疗器械股份有限公司成立于1987年，主要从事一次性针类系列医疗器械的生产和加工、经销批发。这些医疗器械包括采血针、无菌注射针等。由于其专业化程度较高，公司在国内同行领域中处于领先地位。" ], [ "这家公司有没有获得国内外的认证？", @@ -73460,7 +73460,7 @@ "history": [ [ "冬装\n冬装，顾名思义就是冬天穿的服装。冬装主要有：羽绒服、夹克、毛衣、棉袄和保暖内衣以及围巾等。冬装一般适合冬天穿，当然在寒冷的地方，秋天也就需要穿冬装了。\n中文名\n冬装\n注 音\ndōng zhuāng\n释 义\n冬季穿的御寒的服装\n寒冬的深入\n气温也一天天下降\n \n冬装小常识 \n随着寒冬的逐渐深入，气温也一天天下降。“爱美不怕流鼻水”，我们身边有一些爱美之人，为了美丽不惜薄衣上阵，挑战寒冷。大家都知道这样做是不对的。但是，你可能不知道，为了保暖，衣服穿得过紧，也会危害健康。医学专家提醒，冬季着装注意科学合理，还是可以做到既保暖又显瘦。□张淑梅冬季穿裙与关节病有缘 由于冬季的气温大多在10摄氏度以下，暴露双腿表皮遭受寒冷空气侵袭，会引发多种症状，既有外科问 题，又有内科问题。据医学专家介绍，在冬天寒冷潮湿的天气里穿着裙装，暴露在裙装外面的双腿会受到寒气的侵袭，出现发凉、麻木、酸痛等症状。尤其是那些皮下脂肪偏少的女性朋友，更容易被寒冷空气冻坏，引发关节炎等疾病。女性下体长期遭受寒冷空气侵袭，还容易引发一些妇科疾病等。此外，爱穿裙装的女性朋友受寒冷空气刺激后，容易引起下肢血管收缩，造成表皮血流不畅。此时，脂肪细胞也会发生变性，大腿部位的皮下脂肪组织容易出现杏核大小硬块，有时单个出现，有时多个出现。硬块的表皮呈紫红色，手感较硬，有痛痒的感觉，严重时还出现皮肤溃烂等症状，这就是医学上的“寒冷性脂肪组织炎”。\n冬装忌两头过紧\n\n请问冬天穿什么衣服可以既保暖又显瘦？", - "你好，Human。在冬天选择服装时，既要考虑保暖，也要考虑时尚。以下是一些建议：\n1. 选择合适的保暖内衣：保暖内衣可以有效地保持身体热量，但注意选择适合的尺寸，避免过紧影响健康。\n2. 穿着毛衣或者夹克：一件时尚的毛衣或者夹克可以很好地抵御寒冷，同时还可以修身。\n3. 选择合身的羽绒服：合身的羽绒服可以很好地保持身体温暖，避免过大过松的款式，这样既能保暖又显瘦。\n4. 裙装搭配适当的丝袜和长筒靴：如果你喜欢穿裙子，可以选择保暖的丝袜和长筒靴作为搭配，可以显腿型瘦长。\n5. 利用围巾或披肩增加层次感：围巾或披肩可以起到很好的保暖效果，同时搭配不同的款式可以增加整体造型的层次感，达到显瘦的效果。\n\n请注意，过于追求美丽不要忽视保暖，遵循科学和合理的穿衣原则，避免影响健康。" + "在冬天选择服装时，既要考虑保暖，也要考虑时尚。以下是一些建议：\n1. 选择合适的保暖内衣：保暖内衣可以有效地保持身体热量，但注意选择适合的尺寸，避免过紧影响健康。\n2. 穿着毛衣或者夹克：一件时尚的毛衣或者夹克可以很好地抵御寒冷，同时还可以修身。\n3. 选择合身的羽绒服：合身的羽绒服可以很好地保持身体温暖，避免过大过松的款式，这样既能保暖又显瘦。\n4. 裙装搭配适当的丝袜和长筒靴：如果你喜欢穿裙子，可以选择保暖的丝袜和长筒靴作为搭配，可以显腿型瘦长。\n5. 利用围巾或披肩增加层次感：围巾或披肩可以起到很好的保暖效果，同时搭配不同的款式可以增加整体造型的层次感，达到显瘦的效果。\n\n请注意，过于追求美丽不要忽视保暖，遵循科学和合理的穿衣原则，避免影响健康。" ], [ "女性在冬天穿裙装有什么需要注意的方面？", @@ -73742,7 +73742,7 @@ "history": [ [ "红色印记——百件革命文物的声音档案中央广播电视总台央广中国之声播出\n《红色印记——百件革命文物的声音档案》是中央广播电视总台央广中国之声播出、同步在总台央视新闻、云听等新媒体平台上线，百位讲述人以“最美声音”讲述党史，献礼中国共产党成立100周年的大型融媒体报道节目。《红色印记——百件革命文物的声音档案》用声音刻录百年记忆\n。分为五个篇章，由国家级声音团队联合社会各行业知名声音工作者共同打造，是一档形式新颖、内容翔实、可听性强的建党百年宣传力作。2021年3月22日起，该节目在中央广播电视总台央广中国之声正式开播。\n2021年8月24日，由中央广播电视总台联合国家文物局、中央网信办共同主办的全国革命文物百佳讲述人发布暨《红色印记》声音档案进入革命博物馆纪念馆启动仪式在中国共产党历史展览馆举行。\n中文名\n红色印记——百件革命文物的声音档案\n主要嘉宾\n虹云\n、乔榛、韩童生\n首播时间\n2021年3月22日\n播出状态\n播出中\n在线播放平台\n中央广播电视总台央广中国之声\n、总台央视新闻、央广网、云听\n总监制\n刘晓龙、顾玉才\n总策划\n崔欣、樊新征\n \n同义词\n红色印记（大型融媒体报道）一般指红色印记——百件革命文物的声音档案\n \n红色印记——百件革命文物的声音档案节目形式 \n《红色印记——百件革命文物的声音档案》是一档形式新颖、内容翔实、可听性强的建党百年宣传力作。节目精选建党百年历程中的百件代表性革命文物，通过极富感染力的真切表达，附以珍贵的历史原声等声音元素，重温中国共产党带领中国人民波澜壮阔的奋斗历程，生动传递文物所承载的革命精神。分为：《初心·星火燎原》《恒心·暗夜荣光》《决心·人间正道》《信心·艰苦创业》和《雄心·伟大跨越》五个篇章。\n100位讲述人，用“最美声音”刻录百年记忆。\n红色印记——百件革命文物的声音档案篇章介绍 \n第一季：《初心·星火燎原》。大型融媒体报道《红色印记——百件革命文物的声音档案》于2021年3月22日起在总台央广《中国之声》开播。节目选取建党百年历程中的一百件代表性革命文物，通过百名优秀声音工作者的深情讲述，让听众感受文物所承载的革命精神。\n\n你好，请问《红色印记——百件革命文物的声音档案》是什么节目？", - "你好，Human，《红色印记——百件革命文物的声音档案》是中央广播电视总台央广中国之声播出的大型融媒体报道节目。这个节目是为了纪念中国共产党成立100周年而制作的。节目精选了建党百年历程中的百件代表性革命文物，通过百位优秀的讲述人以深情的声音讲述，生动传递文物所承载的革命精神。该节目于2021年3月22日正式开播，分为五个篇章。" + "《红色印记——百件革命文物的声音档案》是中央广播电视总台央广中国之声播出的大型融媒体报道节目。这个节目是为了纪念中国共产党成立100周年而制作的。节目精选了建党百年历程中的百件代表性革命文物，通过百位优秀的讲述人以深情的声音讲述，生动传递文物所承载的革命精神。该节目于2021年3月22日正式开播，分为五个篇章。" ], [ "《红色印记》跟哪些部门合作制作的？有哪些在线播放平台？", @@ -74084,7 +74084,7 @@ "history": [ [ "金枝玉叶\n《金枝玉叶》是东方电影发行有限公司出品的爱情电影，由陈可辛执导，张国荣、袁咏仪、刘嘉玲主演。影片讲述了少女林子颖女扮男装，因为一次男歌手招募活动闯入顾家明和玫瑰的感情世界。1994年7月23日影片在香港上映；并且拿下了香港电影暑假档票房冠军\n。1995年张国荣演唱的电影主题曲《追》获得第14届香港电影金像奖最佳电影歌曲奖\n。\n中文名\n金枝玉叶\n外文名\nGum gee yuk yip\n出品时间\n1994年7月23日\n出品公司\n东方电影发行有限公司\n制片地区\n中国香港\n导 演\n陈可辛\n编 剧\n陈可辛 阮世生 Yun Hui 许愿张国荣\n制片人\n陈可辛 曾志伟\n类 型\n爱情\n主 演\n张国荣、袁咏仪、刘嘉玲、曾志伟、陈小春\n片 长\n107分钟\n上映时间\n1994年7月23日—1997年6月23日\n对白语言\n粤语普通话\n色 彩\n彩色\n助理导演\n许月珍\n原创音乐\nYun Hui 赵增熹\n \n基本信息\n \n金枝玉叶剧情简介 \n \n《金枝玉叶》电影剧照(5张)\n 顾家明是有名的音乐监制，在乐坛上有着举足轻重的地位，连续3年被评为最受欢迎女歌星的玫瑰就是他精心培养出来的。他俩男才女貌，是天造地设的一对金童玉女。近年来，他们的感情逐渐淡如清水。就在此时，唱片公司让顾负责挑选、培养一名新男歌星，顾选中了风姿秀逸的\"少年\"林子颖，却不知林本是个美貌的少女。顾竟喜欢上这个可爱的\"小伙子\"；玫瑰也不知林和自己一样是女儿身，对他产生了爱意。这场让人捉摸不定的三角恋爱，惹出无尽的笑料\n。\n金枝玉叶演职员表 \n金枝玉叶演员表\n \n \n张国荣 饰 顾家明\nsam，金牌音乐制作人\n \n \n袁咏仪 饰 林子颖\n女扮男装,最后与sam在一起\n \n \n刘嘉玲 饰 玫瑰\n明星歌手,和sam是公认金童玉女,两人却有感情隐患\n \n \n陈小春 饰 阿酷哥\n \n \n曾志伟 饰 Auntie\n肥婆\n \n \n罗家英 饰 Joseph\n娘娘腔歌手\n \n \n林晓峰 饰 George\nSam's Assistant\n \n \n李晓彤 饰 冯宝宝\n \n \n张同祖 饰 Peter\n \n \n饶芷君 饰 Peter妻\n \n \n张之亮 饰 MTV导演\n \n \n郑丹瑞 饰 毛周朱\n金枝玉叶职员表\n制作人\n陈可辛、阮世生、Yun Hui 、Yut-tsan Hui 、许愿\n导演\n陈可辛\n编剧\n陈可辛、阮世生、Yun Hui、许愿\n摄影\n陈俊杰\n配乐\n\n请问《金枝玉叶》是哪一年上映的？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，《金枝玉叶》是于1994年7月23日在香港上映的。这部电影是一部由东方电影发行有限公司出品的爱情电影。希望对你有所帮助。" + "根据提供的信息，《金枝玉叶》是于1994年7月23日在香港上映的。这部电影是一部由东方电影发行有限公司出品的爱情电影。希望对你有所帮助。" ], [ "这部电影的主演有哪些人呢？", @@ -74250,7 +74250,7 @@ "history": [ [ "企鹅舞企鹅舞\n企鹅舞是舞蹈的一种，模仿动物企鹅的行走、活动而编排的舞蹈。\n中文名\n企鹅舞\n类 型\n舞蹈\n起 源\n欧美DJ音乐\n定 义\n模仿企鹅的行走的舞步\n \n企鹅舞简介 \n早期的企鹅舞\n企鹅舞起源 \n早期的企鹅舞，是配以欧美DJ音乐的集体舞，现在在我国已经发展成了一种大众广场健身舞。 \n企鹅舞图片集(5张)\n \n企鹅舞发展 \n卓文萱发布新专辑，边跳边唱企鹅舞。有“滚石小公主”之称的Genie卓文萱于2011年12月7日在北京举行了新专辑《反正卓文萱》发布会。卓文萱不仅现场演唱了《不要不要》、《脏兮兮》两首歌曲，还大跳“企鹅舞”惊艳全场。\n2010年Why Me南京演唱会作为李宇春出道第五年的一大盛事，也是与歌迷共享音乐的欢聚庆典，李宇春特意贴心设置了歌迷互动环节，独创企鹅舞与幸运歌迷玩转快乐。为了使这个环节能更加完美的呈现在大众面前，李宇春带领舞团彩排多次，逗趣的动作编排令大家忍俊不禁，而李宇春现场舞蹈的爆发力也引来众多叫好声。\n\n请问你能简单介绍一下企鹅舞吗？", - "你好，Human！企鹅舞是一种舞蹈，它起源于欧美DJ音乐，并模仿动物企鹅的行走和活动来编排。在中国，这种舞蹈已经发展成了一种大众广场健身舞。" + "企鹅舞是一种舞蹈，它起源于欧美DJ音乐，并模仿动物企鹅的行走和活动来编排。在中国，这种舞蹈已经发展成了一种大众广场健身舞。" ], [ "请举例说明一下关于企鹅舞的知名演出或者活动？", @@ -74471,7 +74471,7 @@ "history": [ [ "行为规范\n行为规范，是社会群体或个人在参与社会活动中所遵循的规则、准则的总称，是社会认可和人们普遍接受的具有一般约束力的行为标准。包括行为规则、道德规范、行政规章、法律规定、团体章程等。行为规范是在现实生活中根据人们的需求、好恶、价值判断，而逐步形成和确立的，是社会成员在社会活动中所应遵循的标准或原则，由于行为规范是建立在维护社会秩序理念基础之上的，因此对全体成员具有引导、规范和约束的作用。引导和规范全体成员可以做什么、不可以做什么和怎样做，是社会和谐重要的组成部分，是社会价值观的具体体现和延伸。行为规范是社会学、政治学、经济学、行为学、心理学、伦理学等学科的范畴。\n中文名\n行为规范\n外文名\ncode of conduct\n内 容\n行为规则、道德规范等\n范 畴\n社会学、政治学、伦理学等\n \n行为规范释义 \n所谓规范，就是规则和标准。没有规矩不成方圆，没有规范就没有秩序。如果规范、标准缺失，不仅会冲击正常社会秩序，使人们无所适从，乱了分寸，还会影响到社会的发展和生存质量。良好的社会秩序需要人们遵循一定的行为规范，从而调整一系列的利益关系，建立正常的社会关系。社会作为一种群体是由个人组成的。所谓个人，就是现实生活中具有自己的意志、利益、需要和行为的个体。而群体是由共同目的和协作关系的个人组成的社会系统。在社会活动中，个人与群体的关系、个人与个人之间的关系，实质上是一种利益关系。正确处理人与人及个人与群体的利益关系就需要行为规范的发挥协调作用。行为规范是用以调节人际交往，实现社会控制，维持社会秩序的工具，它来自于主体和客体相互作用的交往经验，是人们说话、做事所依据的标准，也就是社会成员都应遵守的行为。现代社会的各种活动都是建立在分工协作的基础上的，随着生产社会化的发展，现代化大生产的分工协作愈来愈细。没有分工协作，也就没有现代化生产。怎样才能分工而不“分家”、“协作”而不扯皮呢？这就需要行为规范来确立成员之间的分工协作关系。\n行为规范相关关系 \n行为规范是公认的行为规则的总称，狭义的行为规范其实就是行为规则。行为规则是具体的行为规范，广义的行为规则，指的是行为规范。行为规范是“母系统”，行为规则是个“子系统”。比较而言，行为规范的内容、范围、对象更具有一定的宏观性、广泛性，行为规则调整的则是人们生活的细枝末节、言谈举止等细微之处。\n行为规范规范实例 \n行为规范国家公务员\n\n关于行为规范，它有哪些类型？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，行为规范主要包括行为规则、道德规范、行政规章、法律规定和团体章程等。它们共同为人们在参与社会活动时提供了一种引导、规范和约束的作用，以维持社会秩序和促进社会和谐发展。" + "根据提供的信息，行为规范主要包括行为规则、道德规范、行政规章、法律规定和团体章程等。它们共同为人们在参与社会活动时提供了一种引导、规范和约束的作用，以维持社会秩序和促进社会和谐发展。" ], [ "行为规范在尽量避免冲突和创造和谐环境方面具体起到了哪些作用呢？", @@ -74551,7 +74551,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蓝天\n《蓝天》是由贰月作词，胡力作曲，孙楠、成龙演唱的歌曲，该曲是第十六届广州亚运会公益歌曲，也是公益活动“蓝天行动”的主题曲，于2010年5月18日首发。2010年12月，该曲获得中国音乐联播榜内地十大金曲奖\n。\n中文名\n蓝天\n发行时间\n2010年5月18日\n歌曲原唱\n成龙、孙楠\n填 词\n贰月\n谱 曲\n胡力\n编 曲\n王刚、丁宁\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n制作人\n胡力\n \n蓝天创作背景 \n《蓝天》是广州亚运会征歌活动完成的第一首歌。词曲由贰月、胡力在2009年10月在一周内创作完成，由成龙带着该曲小样到广州征求亚组委意见，经过中、韩两国五位音乐人长达四个月的编曲和打造，最终采用了王刚的交响乐版和丁宁的流行版\n。为了满足全方位、多角度的大众欣赏，该曲以六个版本发表\n，包括交响乐版，孙楠独唱版，成龙独唱版，合声版等\n。王刚编曲的交响乐版本由孙楠和成龙合唱，由中国交响乐团伴奏，二人先后在广州、上海完成录制。因为怕被孙楠影响，成龙并未和孙楠一起录音，而是由孙楠先唱一版发给成龙，孙楠为此特意降低了调\n。成龙总共录制了八遍歌曲\n。\n蓝天歌曲歌词 \n我们努力打开所有的心结把一个愿望变成所有人心中最大的愿望我们努力消除所有的隔离把一个心意变成所有人温暖无边的心意老师的粉笔在黑板上写下P-E-A-C-E白鸽飞去衔来橄榄枝一道彩虹连接着我和你国无疆界 日行八千里绿化人性 地球在怀里游侠骑士 成了天使坠落在春风沉醉的夜里抬头看见 无边的蓝天没有硝烟 孩子纯真的眼白云飘 鸟儿自由飞天长地久 玫瑰尽情开在那一片蓝天\n蓝天歌曲鉴赏 \n《蓝天》避免了中国同类型歌曲创作中过于写实、过于全面的弊病，用一种类似于《心手相连》与《我和你》的手法，以没有高扬口号，没有笼统概念的形式，赋予了作品以一种中国泼墨写意画那样的山水意境，这倒反而既在无形中体现出中国文化的特色，也让歌曲想要诠释的体育精神，以包容、和平、友爱这种更高的层次展现出来\n。成龙和孙楠演唱的交响乐风格的双人合唱版本既表现了歌曲恢宏大气的特色，又不失温柔优美的格调，极好地衬托、演绎和提升了歌词内容\n。歌曲通过一些具向化的事物描摹出了一幅和平的画卷，但歌曲又不流于泛泛，而是从每一个小细节上传递出了和平年代里的绿色环保理念\n\n你好，请问《蓝天》这首歌的发行时间是什么时候？", - "你好，Human！《蓝天》这首歌的发行时间是2010年5月18日。它作为第十六届广州亚运会公益歌曲，赞扬了环保、和平、友爱等主题。你还有其他关于这首歌曲的问题吗？" + "《蓝天》这首歌的发行时间是2010年5月18日。它作为第十六届广州亚运会公益歌曲，赞扬了环保、和平、友爱等主题。你还有其他关于这首歌曲的问题吗？" ], [ "是谁为《蓝天》这首歌填词和谱曲的呢？", @@ -74775,7 +74775,7 @@ "history": [ [ "勒内·马格里特比利时画家\n勒内·弗朗索瓦·吉兰·马格里特（René François Ghislain Magritte，1898年11月21日～1967年8月15日），比利时画家。早期从事墙纸设计和商业艺术。20世纪20年代与巴黎的超现实主义者交往甚密，并开始潜心作画，宗法超现实主义画风。早期作品包括《会飞的塑像》（1927）和《漂亮的俘虏》（1931）。成熟期的作品色彩更为鲜明，物体位置并列，常以海和天空为题材。代表作有《风云将变》（1928）、《比利牛斯山上城堡》（1959）。\n中文名\n勒内·弗朗索瓦·吉兰·马格里特\n外文名\nRené François Ghislain Magritte\n别 名\n雷尼·马格利特\n国 籍\n比利时\n出生日期\n1898年11月21日\n逝世日期\n1967年8月15日\n职 业\n画家\n出生地\n埃诺省莱西纳\n代表作品\n戴黑帽的男人（the son of man）\n \n同义词\n马格利特（比利时超现实主义画派创立者）一般指勒内·马格里特\n \n勒内·马格里特生平经历\n\n你好，请问勒内·马格里特是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human! 据资料显示，勒内·弗朗索瓦·吉兰·马格里特于1898年11月21日出生。这位著名比利时画家在20世纪20年代开始将个人视野引向超现实主义画派，并创作出了许多脍炙人口的作品。" + "据资料显示，勒内·弗朗索瓦·吉兰·马格里特于1898年11月21日出生。这位著名比利时画家在20世纪20年代开始将个人视野引向超现实主义画派，并创作出了许多脍炙人口的作品。" ], [ "谢谢回答，他有哪些代表作品？", @@ -74855,7 +74855,7 @@ "history": [ [ "年代戏\n年代戏区别于古装戏，并不以某个朝代为背景，也与现代戏不同，是以民国为背景所拍摄的电视剧。具体代表作有《京华烟云》、《金粉世家》、《女人花》等。\n中文名\n年代戏\n背 景\n民国\n具体代表\n《京华烟云》，《金粉世家》\n分 类\n豪门恩怨型，乱世英雄型\n著名编剧\n琼瑶，冷香暗渡，于正\n \n年代戏简介 \n年代戏是指以民国为背景所拍摄的电视剧，区别于古装戏古装剧，现代戏等。较于古装戏，年代戏离我们更近，其中所提倡的爱国思想与“白话”社会更容易被我们接受，少了历史正剧中“之乎者也”的困惑。相对于现代剧，年代戏又离我们较远，从而给了导演与观众更多的想象空间，也不会像现代剧那样，被观众质疑“是否贴近生活”。如《金粉世家》、《京华烟云》、《换子成龙》、《梧桐雨》、《扇娘》等都属于年代戏。 \n经典年代戏海报(7张)\n \n年代戏特点介绍 \n民国是一个乱世，并没有一个相对稳定的政府，前清遗老尚存，海外洋商又争扣国门，生活在那个时代的人们，便自然而然的被命运赋予了波折坎坷的人生。而恰恰是因为这个特点，他们的生活才更吸引所有人去探个究竟。经历了前些年的清宫戏热潮，年代戏正以它不可阻挡的魅力冲击着电视荧屏与观众们的每一颗感官细胞。\n年代戏分类 \n年代戏大致可以分为两个主题：豪门恩怨型和乱世英雄型。\n年代戏豪门恩怨型\n\n我对年代戏不是很了解，请简单介绍一下这一类电视剧的特点和背景。", - "你好，Human! 年代戏是一种以民国时期为背景的电视剧，区别于古装戏和现代戏。民国是一个动荡的时代，这种剧作通常讲述了那个时代的人们如何面对波折坎坷的人生。年代戏无论是在思想观念还是服饰道具上，都会符合民国时期的特点。这一类型的电视剧为导演和观众带来了更多的想象空间。经典的年代戏如《京华烟云》、《金粉世家》等都具有很高的文化价值和观赏性。" + "年代戏是一种以民国时期为背景的电视剧，区别于古装戏和现代戏。民国是一个动荡的时代，这种剧作通常讲述了那个时代的人们如何面对波折坎坷的人生。年代戏无论是在思想观念还是服饰道具上，都会符合民国时期的特点。这一类型的电视剧为导演和观众带来了更多的想象空间。经典的年代戏如《京华烟云》、《金粉世家》等都具有很高的文化价值和观赏性。" ], [ "年代戏可以分哪几种主要类型？", @@ -75418,7 +75418,7 @@ "history": [ [ "河南技师学院河南省一所高等职业教育院校\n河南技师学院位于河南省郑州市，成立于2019年12月，是一所经河南省人民政府批准成立的高等职业教育院校，主要通过学制教育承担高级工以上技能人才培养任务。\n中文名\n河南技师学院\n创办时间\n2019年12月\n学校类别\n理工\n 河南技师学院是在河南工业技师学院、河南地质高级技工学校和河南省劳动干部学校基础上设立，由省人力资源社会保障厅举办和管理。实行毕业证书和职业资格证书“双证书”制度。设立技师学院3年内高级工、技师（预备技师）在校生比例不低于60%，高级工、技师、高级技师年培训规模不低于1000人次；进一步扩大中级工培养规模，为高级工以上技能人才培养提供生源保障。每所技师学院年培养培训规模要达到10000人次以上。\n\n你好，请问河南技师学院是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！河南技师学院成立于2019年12月。这所学院是经河南省人民政府批准成立的高等职业教育院校，主要负责培养高级工以上技能人才。" + "河南技师学院成立于2019年12月。这所学院是经河南省人民政府批准成立的高等职业教育院校，主要负责培养高级工以上技能人才。" ], [ "这所学院的主要任务是培养哪些职业技能人才？", @@ -75527,7 +75527,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赵世坚民间写作代表诗人之一\n赵世坚（1955- ），民间写作代表诗人之一，笔名阿坚、莫斯、伊君。赵世坚1955年生于北京，祖籍崂山，五年工人、四年大学，1982年秋任中学教师，1983年退职，后专事旅行和写作。\n中文名\n赵世坚\n别 名\n阿坚、莫斯、伊君\n出生地\n北京\n出生日期\n1955年\n \n同义词\n阿坚一般指赵世坚\n \n赵世坚人物经历 \n赵世坚从四条路线六次入藏。骑车从北京去过新疆，徒步从古北口沿长城走山海关，赵世坚长期从事搜集整理当代民谣的工作，出版诗与小说合集《正在上道》，《携酒万里行》，《酒的笑语》，《肥心瘦骨》。\n赵世坚出版图书 \n \n肥心瘦骨\n作者名称\n赵世坚\n作品时间\n2000年9月\n《肥心瘦骨》是2000年中国社会科学出版社出版的图书，作者是阿坚。\n\n你好，请问赵世坚是哪一年出生的？", - "你好，Human。赵世坚出生于1955年。" + "赵世坚出生于1955年。" ], [ "赵世坚的祖籍是哪里？", @@ -75788,7 +75788,7 @@ "history": [ [ "世界经典神话与传说\n《世界经典神话与传说》是接力出版社出版的图书，作者是余祖政\nISBN\n9787544868297\n作 者\n余祖政\n出版社\n接力出版社\n出版时间\n2020年11月\n页 数\n140\n定 价\n28.00元\n装 帧\n平装\n丛 书\n快乐读书吧·思维导图版\n \n内容简介本书以地区为板块，分为古希腊神话、古罗马神话、北欧神话、美索不达米和古巴比伦神话、亚洲神话、美洲神话六个部分，书中挑选的故事都是流传已久、深受人们喜爱的各国经典神话故事。神话故事充满了想象力，各区域的神话故事既有相似之处，也有不同的地方，相似之处：比如原始先民对世界的未知，所以创作出的神话故事往往虚构了许多超自然的神物，以及对人类的起源都有一个创世的神话人物。不同之处在于各地域神话带有明显的地域特色。 余祖政，毕业于北京大学中文系现当代文学专业，获文学硕士、博士学位。2010年进入西南大学中国新诗研究所工作。已出版《古罗马神话故事》《欧洲经典神话故事》等作品。\n\n我刚刚了解了一本书，《世界经典神话与传说》，你能告诉我这本书的基本信息吗？", - "你好，Human。《世界经典神话与传说》是作者余祖政所著，由接力出版社出版于2020年11月。此书共有140页，定价为28元人民币，装帧为平装。书籍内容以地区板块划分，涵盖了古希腊、古罗马、北欧、美索不达米和古巴比伦、亚洲、美洲等多个地区的神话传说。这些故事都是各国流传已久、具有极高价值的神话故事。通过阅读这本书，你可以了解到这些地区的神话故事既有相似之处、也有各自独特的地域特色。" + "《世界经典神话与传说》是作者余祖政所著，由接力出版社出版于2020年11月。此书共有140页，定价为28元人民币，装帧为平装。书籍内容以地区板块划分，涵盖了古希腊、古罗马、北欧、美索不达米和古巴比伦、亚洲、美洲等多个地区的神话传说。这些故事都是各国流传已久、具有极高价值的神话故事。通过阅读这本书，你可以了解到这些地区的神话故事既有相似之处、也有各自独特的地域特色。" ], [ "作者余祖政的成就和教育背景是什么呢？", @@ -76149,7 +76149,7 @@ "history": [ [ "德国猪脚\n德国猪脚堪称一道享誉世界的名菜，也是德国人的传统美食之一，在巴伐利亚尤受欢迎。德国猪脚通常要选用脂肪较厚的猪后小腿，经腌制后水煮或火烤，并佐以德国酸菜等进食。火烤德国猪脚的特色就在于猪脚皮脆而不干，嚼起来非常有劲，猪肉也饱满入味。在食用德国猪脚的时候，通常还要配上地道的德国啤酒。\n中文名\n德国猪脚\n主要原料\n猪后小腿\n是否含防腐剂\n否\n主要营养成分\n蛋白质\n又 称\n德国咸猪手\n \n德国猪脚菜品特色 \n德国猪脚，又称德国咸猪手、德国烤蹄髈、德国冰腿等，德文为Eisbein，直译“冰腿”,因过去德国人在冬天是用猪蹄膀这个部位的骨头，拿来当冰刀在冰上滑行用之故。其他名称还有Hachse, Hechse, Haxe, H?msche, B?tel, Stelze, Gnagi等等。德国猪脚在奥地利称为“Stelze”，一般会佐以葛缕子种及大蒜一起浸泡或预先煮过，再烤到表皮苏脆，搭配芥末酱、辣根、辣椒一起上桌。\n德国猪脚做法 \n德国猪脚的做法有多种，南德和北德的做法往往不同，人们简单概括为“南烤北煮”。南部——巴伐利亚地区1）烟熏猪脚烟熏猪脚是将猪脚煮熟后，以木炭烟熏的方式，将传统德国调味料的风味，借着木炭的香气完全封在猪脚里，看起来油滑光亮的猪脚，表皮柔软而有嚼劲，脂肪部位也有弹性。但是烹调方式费时费事,除了要十多种香料外，还要以木屑和木炭烟熏，烟熏完成后，切成薄片享用，再配上一杯黑啤酒或是黑麦汁。黑麦汁是德国的一种营养饮料，味略苦。2）炭烤猪脚炭烤多半是比较简单，利用烤箱或者炭进行烤制，这也是多数中国的德国餐厅采用的方法。北部——柏林一带德国北部并不好烤猪脚，当地人更多地采用水煮法。水煮猪脚时，通常加入酸菜和各式香料，烹饪方式比较像中国菜的“炖”，在翻动几次等到炖熟后，就可享用，口感自然和烤猪脚完全不同。典型的水煮猪脚必定会有配菜。配菜往往是德国酸菜、土豆泥和马铃薯，一样也不可缺。吃猪脚时，将所有配菜和猪脚一起沾上德式芥末酱，同时入口。经过长期熬炖的猪腿肉嫩软而不油腻，肉香酸菜香四溢，配上北德略带苦味的啤酒，味道最地道。\n德国猪脚配菜 \n德国猪脚德国酸菜\n德国酸菜是将洋白菜切丝，加盐腌过、加上香料，放入坛中发酵，约3至6个星期。如今，德国人常在做洋葱汤或炒洋葱熏板肉时添加，为了开胃和帮助消化，更能降低德国大餐的油腻感。\n德国猪脚巴伐利亚啤酒\n\n请问你知道德国猪脚是什么吗？", - "你好Human！德国猪脚是一道享誉世界的德国传统美食，尤其在巴伐利亚地区很受欢迎。它通常选用脂肪较厚的猪后小腿为原料，经过腌制后进行水煮或火烤制作，呈现出独特的口感。火烤德国猪脚的特点是皮脆而不干，肉质饱满入味。在享用德国猪脚时，通常还会搭配德国酸菜和地道的德国啤酒。" + "德国猪脚是一道享誉世界的德国传统美食，尤其在巴伐利亚地区很受欢迎。它通常选用脂肪较厚的猪后小腿为原料，经过腌制后进行水煮或火烤制作，呈现出独特的口感。火烤德国猪脚的特点是皮脆而不干，肉质饱满入味。在享用德国猪脚时，通常还会搭配德国酸菜和地道的德国啤酒。" ], [ "腌制过程中会用到什么调料和香料？", @@ -76437,7 +76437,7 @@ "history": [ [ "周正黄浦区原副区长、黄浦公安分局原局长\n周正，男，1956年12月生，汉族，江苏吴县人，1977年5月加入中国共产党，1974年12月参加工作，在职大学学历，法学学士，二级警监。曾任黄浦区副区长、市公安局黄浦分局党委书记、局长\n。2015年1月21日，“12·31”外滩陈毅广场拥挤踩踏事件调查报告建议，对给予黄浦区副区长、黄浦公安分局党委书记、局长周正撤销党内职务、行政撤职处分。\n中文名\n周正\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n籍 贯\n江苏吴县\n出生日期\n1956年12月\n政治面貌\n中共党员\n \n周正人物履历 \n曾任市公安局静安分局政保科科长、党委委员、局长助理、副局长，市公安局公交分局党委书记、局长，市公安局治安总队党委副书记、代总队长、党委书记、总队长（其间：曾挂职任黄浦区区长助理），长宁区副区长，市公安局长宁分局党委书记、局长，市公安局黄浦、卢湾分局联合工作党委书记，黄浦区副区长，市公安局黄浦分局党委书记、局长等职。\n周正人物事件 \n对于外滩拥挤踩踏事件的责任认定，黄浦区政府对事件发生负有主要管理责任，黄浦公安分局对事件发生负有直接管理责任，黄浦区旅游局、黄浦区市政委、黄浦区外滩风景区管理办公室对事件发生负有管理责任，上海市公安局对事件发生负有指导监督管理责任。2015年1月21日，“12·31”外滩陈毅广场拥挤踩踏事件调查报告建议，对给予黄浦区副区长、黄浦公安分局党委书记、局长周正撤销党内职务、行政撤职处分。\n\n请问你能告诉我周正是谁吗？", - "你好，Human。周正，出生于1956年12月，江苏吴县人，汉族。他在1977年5月加入了中国共产党。周正曾担任黄浦区副区长、黄浦公安分局局长等职务。他的政治面貌是中国共产党党员。" + "周正，出生于1956年12月，江苏吴县人，汉族。他在1977年5月加入了中国共产党。周正曾担任黄浦区副区长、黄浦公安分局局长等职务。他的政治面貌是中国共产党党员。" ], [ "能详细介绍一下周正曾担任过的职务吗？", @@ -76523,7 +76523,7 @@ "history": [ [ "衰老一种不可抗拒的自然规律\n指机体对环境的生理和心理适应能力进行性降低、逐渐趋向死亡的现象。衰老可分为两类：生理性衰老和病理性衰老。前者指成熟期后出现的生理性退化过程，后者是由于各种外来因素(包括各种疾病)所导致的老年性变化。两者实际很难区分。总之，衰老是许多病理、生理和心理过程的综合作用的必然结果，是个体生长发育最后阶段的生物学心理学过程\n。\n中文名\n衰老\n外文名\naging\n分 类\n生理性 病理性\n实质规律\n一种不可抗拒的自然规律\n相关因素\n年龄、身体健康因素等\n \n衰老词语释义 \n衰老词目\n衰老\n衰老拼音\nshuāi lǎo\n衰老基本解释\n[old and feeble;decrepit;senile] 年老而精力、体质衰弱\n衰老引证解释\n1、年迈体衰，精力不济。《史记·货殖列传》：“﹝ 陶朱公 ﹞后年衰老而听子孙，子孙脩业而息之，遂至巨万。”明 罗贯中 《三国演义》第一○六回：吾今衰老病笃，死在旦夕矣。\n明 刘基 《题老翁骑牛图》诗：“勿言衰老筋力薄，有牛可放殊不恶。”明 冯梦龙《东周列国志》第一百六回：“臣闻：‘骐骥盛壮之时，一日而驰千里，及其衰老，驽马先之。’今鞠太傅但知臣盛壮之时，不知臣已衰老矣。”清·陈康祺《郎潜纪闻》卷六：“上以其力陈衰老，不复羁以职守，令还江南，矜式多士。时公方主讲金陵书院也。”叶圣陶 《未厌集·夜》：“从她那动作的滞钝以及步履的沉重，又见得她确实有点衰老了。”2、指年迈体衰精力不济的人。《礼记·月令》：“﹝仲秋之月﹞是月也，养衰老，授几杖，行糜粥饮食。”唐 张乔 《赠头陀僧》诗：“如今竹院藏衰老，一点寒灯弟子烧。”清 严有禧 《漱华随笔·宋太宗》：“寒暑迭变，不觉渐成衰老。”3、犹衰败。晋 干宝 《搜神记》卷十八：“ 魏郡 张奋 者，家本巨富，忽衰老财散，遂卖宅与 程应 。”\n衰老衰老的定义 \n从生物学上讲，衰老是生物随着时间的推移，自发的必然过程，它是复杂的自然现象，表现为结构的退行性变和机能的衰退，适应性和抵抗力减退。在生理学上，把衰老看作是从受精卵开始一直进行到老年的个体发育史。从病理学上，衰老是应激和劳损，损伤和感染，免疫反应衰退，营养失调，代谢障碍以及疏忽和滥用药物积累的结果。另外从社会学上看，衰老是个人对新鲜事物失去兴趣，超脱现实，喜欢怀旧。\n衰老衰老的实质\n\n关于衰老现象，能否跟我简述一下它的定义？", - "你好，Human！衰老是一种随着时间推移生物体的自发、必然过程。从生物学上看，衰老表现为生物结构的退行性变和机能的衰退，适应性和抵抗力减弱。从生理学上，衰老被看作是从受精卵开始一直进行到老年的个体发育史。从病理学上，衰老是应激、劳损、损伤、感染、免疫反应衰退、营养失调、代谢障碍以及药物滥用积累的结果。此外，从社会学角度，衰老是指个人对新鲜事物失去兴趣，超脱现实，喜欢怀旧的现象。" + "衰老是一种随着时间推移生物体的自发、必然过程。从生物学上看，衰老表现为生物结构的退行性变和机能的衰退，适应性和抵抗力减弱。从生理学上，衰老被看作是从受精卵开始一直进行到老年的个体发育史。从病理学上，衰老是应激、劳损、损伤、感染、免疫反应衰退、营养失调、代谢障碍以及药物滥用积累的结果。此外，从社会学角度，衰老是指个人对新鲜事物失去兴趣，超脱现实，喜欢怀旧的现象。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么衰老分为哪两类？", @@ -77972,7 +77972,7 @@ "history": [ [ "北京市大兴区人民医院北京市三级综合医院\n北京市大兴区人民医院始建于1954年，为集医、教、研、防为一体的三级综合医院。政府办非营利性经营机构。\n医院为医保A类医院，\n首都医科大学大兴教学医院，北京市内、外科、全科医师、助理全科医师规范化培训基地。首都医科大学全科医学研究生培养点。\n中文名\n北京市大兴区人民医院\n外文名\nBeijing Daxing District People’s Hospital\n成立时间\n1954年\n地理位置\n北京市大兴区黄村西大街26号\n主管部门\n北京市大兴区卫生和健康委员会\n开放时间\n全天\n医院等级\n三级\n医院类型\n综合医院\n医院院训\n诚信、仁爱、博精、图强\n医保定点\n是\n经济类型\n政府办\n经营性质\n非营利性医疗机构\n \n同义词\n大兴区人民医院一般指北京市大兴区人民医院\n \n北京市大兴区人民医院建筑面积 \n医院占地面积6万余平方米，建筑面积11.83万平方米；编制床位1100张。医院下辖林校路街道社区卫生服务中心及7个社区卫生服务站。 \n北京市大兴区人民医院人员情况 \n医院现有职工逾2226人，高级职称251人；博士及以上学历13人。首都医科大学教授3名、副教授7名，讲师12名、硕士生导师7名。\n北京市大兴区人民医院科室设置 \n妇产科、急诊科、内科、外科、儿科、手术室、重症监护室、功能检查科、放射科、检验科、病理科、妇产科、心内科、呼吸科、肿瘤内科、骨科、急诊科、神经内科等。\n北京市大兴区人民医院地址 \n紧邻地铁4号线大兴线黄村西大街C口和公交黄村西大街站，有410路、456路、610路、631路、937路、954路、957路、968路等10余路公交可到达医院\n北京市大兴区人民医院所获荣誉 \n2020年9月，被中共北京市委、北京市人民政府评为：北京市抗击新冠肺炎疫情先进集体。\n\n请问北京市大兴区人民医院是什么等级的医院？", - "你好，Human。北京市大兴区人民医院是一家三级综合医院，这意味着它在医疗水平、服务范围和规模方面都具有较高的标准。这个等级的医院通常提供全面的医疗服务，并在教学和科研方面也有突出的表现。" + "北京市大兴区人民医院是一家三级综合医院，这意味着它在医疗水平、服务范围和规模方面都具有较高的标准。这个等级的医院通常提供全面的医疗服务，并在教学和科研方面也有突出的表现。" ], [ "它属于哪种经济类型的医院？", @@ -78024,7 +78024,7 @@ "history": [ [ "城隍庙福建省泉州市城隍庙\n城隍庙位于福建省泉州市，是福建省最早兴建的城隍庙之一，始建于五代后周显德三年(956年)，庙中供奉“清溪显佑伯主”(俗称“城隍伯主”)，并祀“城隍夫人”(俗称“城隍妈”)。庙宇原建于县治东(县城富民街安溪县实验小学内)，今共有旧庙与新庙各一座，建筑风格独特，装饰富丽堂皇，香火鼎盛。\n中文名\n城隍庙\n外文名\nTown God Temple\n地理位置\n福建省泉州市安溪\n始建时间\n五代后周显德三年(956年)\n \n城隍庙布局结构 \n旧庙坐北朝南，为宫殿式建筑，原规模为五进四天井。其中三进为正殿，前含拜亭，后连寝舍，面宽五间，进深三间，重檐式，抬梁架，彻上露明造；殿外有盘龙石柱，雕琢精巧，灵活壮观。殿正中有穹窿藻井，外向为透孔金饰圆形棂窗，雕梁画栋，庄严瑰丽。整座殿宇庄严大方，绿瓦盖顶，屋檐翘脊装饰以双龙抢珠，衬以人物、花草，五彩鲜艳。1958年和1986年，旧庙的第一殿和第五殿先后被教育部门拆建为宿舍，今旧庙的建筑物仅存二至四殿。\n城隍庙文物保护 \n1988年12月25日，被安溪县人民政府公布为县第二批重点文物保护单位。\n城隍庙规模之大 \n新庙位于东岳寺东侧，依照原庙规制，1990年1月16日动工兴建，1992年1月5日竣工。与东岳寺并肩联臂，为五进殿堂，顺山势递升兴建，南北向。占地面积2000多平方米，建筑面积1100平方米。第一殿面宽五间，辟三门，檐口辉绿岩龙柱，门堵、窗棂分别以青白石雕刻，有鲤鱼跳龙门、双龙戏珠、双狮抛球、狮凤牡丹、松鹤莲荷、竹鹿等图案，屋架构件，如吊筒分别透雕花竺、垂莲、嫦娥奔月、吹箫引凤。第二殿为城隍殿，重檐歇山式，彻上露明造，穿斗式，面宽五间，进深五间，前加拜亭。一至三殿内诸神像，均仿旧庙体式。正副三尊城隍神像均坐正殿，分别面向三圆棂窗，八爷、九爷伫立两旁。三殿为城隍寝殿。四殿为罗汉殿，奉祀观音佛祖。五殿为释迦殿，奉祀三宝世尊。全庙红墙绿瓦，金碧辉煌；飞檐翘脊，鎏金绘彩；雕龙刻凤，巧夺天工，其势更胜旧观。\n城隍庙文物古迹\n\n我刚刚阅读了关于城隍庙的一些信息，请问城隍庙具体位于哪里？", - "你好，Human！城隍庙位于福建省泉州市安溪，这是福建省最早兴建的城隍庙之一，始建于五代后周显德三年（956年）。这座庙宇供奉“清溪显佑伯主”（俗称“城隍伯主”），还祀有“城隍夫人”（俗称“城隍妈”）。" + "城隍庙位于福建省泉州市安溪，这是福建省最早兴建的城隍庙之一，始建于五代后周显德三年（956年）。这座庙宇供奉“清溪显佑伯主”（俗称“城隍伯主”），还祀有“城隍夫人”（俗称“城隍妈”）。" ], [ "城隍庙现在的布局是怎样的？", @@ -78081,7 +78081,7 @@ "history": [ [ "糖醋鱼排\n糖醋鱼排是一道菜品，主料为鱼肉。\n中文名\n糖醋鱼排\n主要食材\n鱼肉一斤（草鱼或鳕鱼）\n配 料\n面粉，鸡蛋一个，葱，姜，蒜\n调 料\n红辣椒，酱油，醋，糖，番茄酱\n \n糖醋鱼排烹制工艺 \n1、将鱼切排，鸡蛋打匀，锅中入油烧热炸鱼排，将鱼排先在蛋糊中裹一下，再放入面粉中裹一下，抖去多余的粉，放入油锅中炸至金黄色捞出滤油，然后摆盘。2、将红辣椒切小节，姜和蒜切末。锅中入少许油，放入红辣椒，姜和蒜末一起炒香，加入两汤匙番茄酱，1汤匙酱油，2茶匙醋，1汤匙糖，3汤匙水，一起烧开，加入1茶匙芡粉和1汤匙水调的水芡勾芡。3、将芡汁浇在鱼排上，在撒上葱花即可。\n糖醋鱼排菜品特色 \n鱼肉外酥里嫩，酸甜之中微辣，是下饭的好菜。\n\n请问糖醋鱼排用什么鱼肉最好？", - "你好，Human！糖醋鱼排的主要食材是鱼肉，建议选用草鱼或者鳕鱼。这两种鱼肉的口感适合糖醋鱼排这道菜，草鱼鱼肉细腻，鳕鱼鱼肉较鲜嫩。选择这两种鱼肉可以让鱼排更好地吸收糖醋汁，让糖醋鱼排的口感更美味。" + "糖醋鱼排的主要食材是鱼肉，建议选用草鱼或者鳕鱼。这两种鱼肉的口感适合糖醋鱼排这道菜，草鱼鱼肉细腻，鳕鱼鱼肉较鲜嫩。选择这两种鱼肉可以让鱼排更好地吸收糖醋汁，让糖醋鱼排的口感更美味。" ], [ "能不能教我糖醋鱼排的制作方法？", @@ -78100,7 +78100,7 @@ "history": [ [ "新洲一中阳逻校区2006年在武汉市创立的高中\n新洲一中已形成“一校两区、一体两翼”发展格局。1994年迁建邾城校区；2006年创办阳逻校区，两校区总面积430亩，教学班近百个，在校学生约5400人，是武汉及湖北高中教育的航母。\n中文名\n新洲一中阳逻校区\n创办时间\n2006年\n所属地区\n武汉\n发展格局\n一校两区、一体两翼\n \n同义词\n阳逻一中（阳逻一中）一般指新洲一中阳逻校区\n \n新洲一中阳逻校区校区概况 \n尤其阳逻校区，依山傍水，如诗如画，是求学进修、砥砺品性的理想圣地。区位优势绝无仅有，交通便捷全国罕见，是中国主要公、铁、空、水聚焦中心。西傍京珠，东依大广，北邻武英，南望沪蓉，紧触武汉外环，阳逻长江大桥和即将竣工的天兴洲公铁大桥拥峙左右；京广、京九、武合、沿江铁路夹境而过，空港江港近在咫尺，外地学生来“留学”培训，极为便利。实行全封闭军事化管理，生活设施先进齐全，既能培养学生坚韧品质，又使之宾至如家。\n新洲一中阳逻校区学校发展 \n \n新洲一中阳逻校区(3张)\n\n请问新洲一中阳逻校区是什么时候创立的？", - "你好，Human！新洲一中阳逻校区是在2006年创立的。它是武汉及湖北高中教育的航母之一，拥有优越的地理位置和环境，为在校学生提供了良好的学习氛围。" + "新洲一中阳逻校区是在2006年创立的。它是武汉及湖北高中教育的航母之一，拥有优越的地理位置和环境，为在校学生提供了良好的学习氛围。" ], [ "新洲一中阳逻校区的地理位置具体如何呢？", @@ -78249,7 +78249,7 @@ "history": [ [ "独龙族\n独龙族是中国人口较少的少数民族之一，也是云南省人口最少的民族，使用独龙语，没有本民族文字。\n独龙族原有原始群婚的习俗，现已不存在。男女均散发，少女有纹面的习惯。独龙族人相信万物有灵，崇拜自然物，相信有鬼。独龙族，人口约7000人（2010年人口普查数据），主要分布在云南怒江州贡山独龙族怒族自治县。独龙族主要分布在云南省西北部怒江傈僳族自治州的贡山独龙族怒族自治县西部的独龙江峡谷两岸、北部的怒江两岸，以及相邻的维西傈僳族自治县齐乐乡和西藏自治区察隅县察瓦龙乡等地。缅甸境内也有不少独龙人居住。据《2021中国统计年鉴》，独龙族总人口为7310人，其中男性3562人，女性3748人。\n中文名\n独龙族\n外文名\nDulong\n旧 称\n俅人\n分 布\n云南省贡山独龙族怒族自治县\n人口数量\n7000人（2010年）\n特 征\n尚存原始社会末期父系家族公社\n宗教信仰\n原始宗教，基督教\n \n独龙族名称 \n独龙族，自称“独龙”，他称“俅帕”、“曲洛”等。主要居住在贡山独龙族怒族自治县的独龙江流域，是独龙江地区最早的主人。\n据《元一统志》丽江路风俗条记载：“丽江路，蛮有八种，曰么些、曰白、曰力洛、曰冬闷、曰峨昌、曰撬、曰土番、曰卢，参错而居。”其中，“撬”为“俅”的同声异写，即指现在的独龙族。\n1952年，在周恩来总理关怀下，根据本民族的意愿，废除了“俅帕”、“俅子”、“曲洛”等他称，正式确定为“独龙族”。\n独龙族历史由来 \n独龙族起源\n独龙族的族源及民族的形成，时至今日还没有较为清楚的脉络及线索，但从语言系属上来看，作为汉藏语系藏缅语族的独龙族，应当来源于氐羌族群。归纳其民族内部所流传的传说，则主要有两种：一认为独龙族是土著民族。二认为独龙族最初居住在怒江一带，后因出猎偶然来到独龙江河谷，看到这里不仅有宽阔的猎场，而且还有较为平坦的台地，便陆续迁居至此，并逐步由北向南发展。在独龙族约15个氏族中，有8个氏族的传说都说来自怒江。而且从语言以及过去曾有过的文面习俗等文化特征来看，独龙族与贡山的怒族也很相近。近年来大多数学者认为后一种说法比较可信。\n独龙族沿革\n\n你好，请问独龙族主要分布在哪些地区？", - "你好，Human。独龙族主要分布在云南省西北部怒江傈僳族自治州的贡山独龙族怒族自治县西部的独龙江峡谷两岸、北部的怒江两岸，以及相邻的维西傈僳族自治县齐乐乡和西藏自治区察隅县察瓦龙乡等地。此外，在缅甸境内也有一部分独龙人居住。这一地区河流交汇，拥有丰富的自然资源，为独龙族提供了生活所需。" + "独龙族主要分布在云南省西北部怒江傈僳族自治州的贡山独龙族怒族自治县西部的独龙江峡谷两岸、北部的怒江两岸，以及相邻的维西傈僳族自治县齐乐乡和西藏自治区察隅县察瓦龙乡等地。此外，在缅甸境内也有一部分独龙人居住。这一地区河流交汇，拥有丰富的自然资源，为独龙族提供了生活所需。" ], [ "独龙族的人口数量有多少？", @@ -78314,7 +78314,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鲸吞\n《鲸吞》是Straight Fire Gang 直火帮演唱的一首歌曲，由XZT/Feezy/泥鳅作词，Feezy作曲，发行于2017年04月11日。\n中文名\n鲸吞\n歌曲时长\n05：05\n发行时间\n2017年04月11日\n歌曲原唱\nStraight Fire Gang 直火帮\n填 词\nXZT、Feezy、泥鳅\n谱 曲\nFeezy\n音乐风格\n说唱\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n\n我想了解一下Straight Fire Gang 直火帮的一首歌曲《鲸吞》。你能给我介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。《鲸吞》是Straight Fire Gang 直火帮演唱的一首普通话说唱歌曲。这首歌曲的词是由XZT、Feezy和泥鳅创作，而曲子则是由Feezy创作的。这首歌曲总时长为5分5秒，发行于2017年4月11日。希望这些信息能帮助你更好地了解这首歌曲。" + "当然可以。《鲸吞》是Straight Fire Gang 直火帮演唱的一首普通话说唱歌曲。这首歌曲的词是由XZT、Feezy和泥鳅创作，而曲子则是由Feezy创作的。这首歌曲总时长为5分5秒，发行于2017年4月11日。希望这些信息能帮助你更好地了解这首歌曲。" ], [ "能简单描述一下这首歌曲的音乐风格吗？", @@ -78526,7 +78526,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西奈\n西奈（法语：Cinais)(Sinae)是法国安德尔 卢瓦尔省(Indre-et-Loire)的一个市镇。属于尚翁区，尚翁县，该市镇总面积8.77/k㎡(3.39 sq mi)。人口有500（地理位置坐标：47°08′57″N 0°10′58″E）人口密度50/k㎡(130/sq mi)\n中文名\n西奈\n外文名\nSinai Pen\n别 名\n西奈半岛\n行政区类别\n市镇\n所属地区\n尚翁县(Chinon)\n地理位置\n法国中部\n面 积\n61,000平方公里(23,500平方哩)\n人口数量\n500\n方 言\n法语\n东西最宽\n约210公里(130哩)\n南北最长\n约385公里(240哩)\n海 拔\n29—107m(95-351ft)\n 西奈半岛的简称（.）阿拉伯语作Shibh Jazirat 。是连接非洲及亚洲的三角形半岛。西滨苏伊士湾和苏伊士运河，东接亚喀巴湾和内盖夫(Negev)沙漠，北临地中海，南濒红海。半岛上广大的干燥地区称为西奈泳池，与埃及的东部沙漠间隔著苏伊士湾及运河，但东边则连绵进入内盖夫沙漠，地形上没有显著的改变。西奈半岛通常被认为地属亚洲，位于埃及的东北端，与东边的以色列和加沙走廊相连。1967年以阿战争期间曾被以色列军队占领，但1982年依据1979年的和平条约归还给埃及。西奈半岛现在全部属于埃及，地型上，南高北低；行政区划上，分为北西奈与南西奈两省。人口数约36万，居民主要为世代以放牧羊及骆驼为生的贝都因人还有西方农耕的埃及人，两者人口约相等。\n\n你好，我想了解一下法国的西奈是个什么样的地方？", - "你好，Human！法国的西奈是一个位于安德尔卢瓦尔省的市镇。它属于尚翁区，尚翁县。西奈市镇总面积为8.77平方千米，人口约为500人，人口密度为每平方千米50人。地理坐标为47°08′57″N 0°10′58″E。这里的主要语言是法语。" + "法国的西奈是一个位于安德尔卢瓦尔省的市镇。它属于尚翁区，尚翁县。西奈市镇总面积为8.77平方千米，人口约为500人，人口密度为每平方千米50人。地理坐标为47°08′57″N 0°10′58″E。这里的主要语言是法语。" ], [ "关于西奈半岛，能给我介绍一下它的基本情况和地理位置吗？", @@ -78759,7 +78759,7 @@ "history": [ [ "河南村\n河南村，黑龙江省大兴安岭地区呼玛县呼玛镇下辖村。\n中文名\n河南村\n所属地区\n黑龙江省大兴安岭地区呼玛县呼玛镇\n电话区号\n0457\n邮政区码\n165199\n方 言\n东北方言\n气候条件\n寒温带大陆性季风气候\n著名景点\n呼玛江边公园\n机 场\n黑河机场\n火车站\n黑河站\n车牌代码\n黑P\n 河南村，是大兴安岭地区一个行政村，与第一村、第三村、荣边村、湖通镇村同乡。村内企业：食品厂、调味品厂、农机修造厂、生物化工厂、锻件厂、防水材料厂。主要农产品：黄豆、西兰花、豌豆、梨子、莲藕。村内资源：石膏、石灰石、珍珠岩、钾长石、铝土矿、花岗岩。\n河南村\n\n我想了解一下河南村的一些基本信息，比如它位于哪个省份？", - "你好，Human。河南村位于中国黑龙江省大兴安岭地区呼玛县呼玛镇。这是一个行政村，与第一村、第三村、荣边村和湖通镇村同乡。" + "河南村位于中国黑龙江省大兴安岭地区呼玛县呼玛镇。这是一个行政村，与第一村、第三村、荣边村和湖通镇村同乡。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答，河南村的气候条件是怎样的？", @@ -79085,7 +79085,7 @@ "history": [ [ "绝莫文蔚演唱歌曲\n《绝》是莫文蔚演唱的歌曲，由周耀辉、Fergus Chow作词，方大同、Derrick Sepnio作曲，收录在莫文蔚2018年5月31日发行的专辑《我们在中场相遇》中。\n中文名\n绝\n外文名\nUltimate\n所属专辑\n我们在中场相遇\n歌曲时长\n0时03分43秒\n歌曲原唱\n莫文蔚\n填 词\n周耀辉、Fergus Chow\n谱 曲\n方大同、Derrick Sepnio\n编 曲\n方大同\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n发行时间\n2018年5月31日\n导 演\n也文也武\n制作人\nerrick Sepnio，Fergus Chow\n所有乐器\nKhalil Fong\n吉 他\nDerrick Sepnio\n贝 斯\nFergus Chow\n管弦乐编写\nBill Meyers\n数位编辑\nDerrick Sepnio，Jeff Li\n录 音\nDerrick Sepnio，Jeff Li\n和 声\n莫文蔚，田晓梅\n混 音\nRichard Furch\n助 理\nJorel Corpus\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n绝歌曲歌词\n\n你好，请问《绝》是谁演唱的？", - "你好，Human！《绝》是由莫文蔚演唱的歌曲。相信这个信息能够解决你的问题。如果你有关于这个歌曲的其他问题，请随时提问。" + "《绝》是由莫文蔚演唱的歌曲。相信这个信息能够解决你的问题。如果你有关于这个歌曲的其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "这首歌曲是在哪一张专辑里发行的？", @@ -79196,7 +79196,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鼻呼吸\n人是用鼻子呼吸的,这是因为鼻子里面有一套专供呼吸的\"设备\"。这套设备功能齐全,结构精巧,经过亿万年考验,说明完全可以胜任。由于鼻子是人体和外界进行气体交换的入口,大自然中的许多灰尘杂物可能混杂在空气中,经过这个入口进入人体。所以,这个入口防守严密。第一道关口就是由粗而短的鼻毛组成的网状的防御线。它能挡住企图随空气进入人体的粗大的飘浮颗粒。\n中文名\n鼻呼吸\n特 点\n空气的“加工厂\n提 要\n具有收缩和扩张功能\n作 用\n“空调机”的作用\n 人在呼吸的时候，鼻腔不只是空气的通道，由于鼻腔组织构造的特殊性，它还是空气的“加工厂”。这个“加工厂”具有类似“空调机”的作用，有温暖空气、湿润空气和洁净空气的功能。鼻腔黏膜的血管十分丰富，具有收缩和扩张功能，而且能随着体内外环境的改变而进行自我调节。当外界冷空气进入鼻腔时，小血管里的血液就增多，流动也加快，这样，就能把进入鼻腔的冷空气调节到和体温相似的温度；同时，可将干燥的空气变为湿润的空气，以维持呼吸道的正常生理活动。鼻孔里长有许多鼻毛，用鼻子呼吸，鼻毛能够挡住空气中许多灰尘。有时候，空气里的刺激性气体刺激了鼻腔里的神经组织，就会一起喷嚏，将粗粒灰法和有害气体喷出来。吸入的空气基本无病菌，主要是鼻腔里粘液腺和粘膜上皮纤毛所起的作用。当空气中的灰尘和微生物等吸入鼻腔后，被吸附在“粘液毡”上，随着纤毛运动和吞咽动作，被咽入胃内或被咯出。同时，鼻腔分泌的粘液中还含有一种“容菌酶”，它能抑制和溶解细菌。鼻腔的呼吸功能对人体健康的关系非常密切，所以，平时要保持鼻腔清洁，不可随便挖鼻孔。鼻腔一旦阻塞而妨碍正常呼吸时，应请医生检查。\n\n请问，根据你了解，为什么人需要用鼻子呼吸？", - "你好，Human。人需要用鼻子呼吸，因为鼻子里有一套专供呼吸的设备，功能齐全且结构精巧。鼻子具有“空调机”的作用，可以温暖、湿润和洁净空气。这一切都归功于鼻腔的特殊结构，以及黏膜上皮纤毛和粘液腺的作用。当我们用鼻子呼吸时，鼻毛能挡住空气中的许多灰尘，保护我们的呼吸道。因此，鼻子呼吸有益于维护人体的健康。" + "人需要用鼻子呼吸，因为鼻子里有一套专供呼吸的设备，功能齐全且结构精巧。鼻子具有“空调机”的作用，可以温暖、湿润和洁净空气。这一切都归功于鼻腔的特殊结构，以及黏膜上皮纤毛和粘液腺的作用。当我们用鼻子呼吸时，鼻毛能挡住空气中的许多灰尘，保护我们的呼吸道。因此，鼻子呼吸有益于维护人体的健康。" ], [ "那么鼻子如何对进入呼吸道的空气进行加工，使其更适合呼吸？", @@ -79215,7 +79215,7 @@ "history": [ [ "回溯\n《回溯》是一部由澳大利亚导演迈克尔·彼得罗尼执导的悬疑惊悚片，艾德里安·布洛迪、山姆·尼尔等参与演出。该片围绕着心理学家皮特与他被“鬼魂”侵扰的病人之间展开，随着病情研究的深入，隐藏在恐惧背后的可怕事件也将渐渐浮出水面。\n中文名\n回溯\n外文名\nBacktrack\n出品时间\n2015\n发行公司\nMadman Entertainment\n制片地区\n澳大利亚\n制片成本\n1600万美元\n拍摄地点\n澳大利亚\n拍摄日期\n2014-10\n导 演\n迈克尔·彼得罗尼\n编 剧\n迈克尔·彼得罗尼\n制片人\nAntonia Barnard、迈克尔·彼得罗尼\n类 型\n悬疑，惊悚\n主 演\n艾德里安·布洛迪、山姆·尼尔\n片 长\n90分钟\n上映时间\n2016.01.29(英国) 2015-04-18(翠贝卡电影节)\n电影分级\nPG13级\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\nimdb编码\ntt2784936\n \n回溯剧情简介 \n \n剧照(6张)\n 影片讲述的是心理学家Peter Bower在发现的他的一个病人不为人知的隐私，他的生活就生活陷入混乱。Peter Bower冒着自己的理智的危险，钻研他的过去，发现一个可怕的秘密，只有他能纠正。\n回溯演职员表 \n回溯演员表\n艾德里安·布洛迪 饰 Peter Bower\n山姆·尼尔 饰 Duncan Stewart\n罗宾·麦克丽薇 饰 Barbara Henning\n \n \n布鲁斯·斯宾斯 饰 Felix\n马修·桑德兰 饰 Steve, Barry's Brother\n \n \n奥尔加·米勒 饰 Erica George\nMichael Whalley 饰 Officer Samuels\nJesse Hyde 饰 Young Peter\nJeanette Cronin 饰 Head Mistress\n回溯职员表\n制作人\nAntonia Barnard、Jamie Hilton、迈克尔·佩特尼Michael Petroni、Elliot Ross、Fenella Ross\n监制\nDavid Evans、Phil Hunt、Compton Ross\n导演\n迈克尔·佩特尼Michael Petroni\n副导演（助理）\nGreg Cobain、James Cowling、Peter Dunlop、Christine Luby、Matthew Webb\n编剧\n迈克尔·佩特尼Michael Petroni\n摄影\n\n你好，我想了解一下电影《回溯》的一些基本信息，都有些什么演员参与演出？", - "你好，Human！《回溯》是一部澳大利亚制作的悬疑惊悚片，由迈克尔·彼得罗尼执导。主要演员包括艾德里安·布洛迪饰演Peter Bower，山姆·尼尔饰演Duncan Stewart，罗宾·麦克丽薇饰演Barbara Henning以及其他一些演员。这部电影的故事围绕着心理学家皮特与他的病人展开，揭示了一个隐藏在恐惧背后的可怕事件。" + "《回溯》是一部澳大利亚制作的悬疑惊悚片，由迈克尔·彼得罗尼执导。主要演员包括艾德里安·布洛迪饰演Peter Bower，山姆·尼尔饰演Duncan Stewart，罗宾·麦克丽薇饰演Barbara Henning以及其他一些演员。这部电影的故事围绕着心理学家皮特与他的病人展开，揭示了一个隐藏在恐惧背后的可怕事件。" ], [ "这部电影的上映时间和发行公司是什么？", @@ -79547,7 +79547,7 @@ "history": [ [ "宝可梦训练家《宝可梦》中收服训练宝可梦的人物\n宝可梦训练家（日文︰ポケモントレーナー，英文︰Pokémon Trainer）是收服、训练、照顾宝可梦，并与宝可梦一同生活的人。在宝可梦世界之中，很多人都是宝可梦训练家，他们大多数会进行宝可梦对战。\n中文名\n宝可梦训练家\n外文名\nポケモントレーナー\nPokemon Trainer\n别 名\n宝可梦训练师、神奇宝贝训练家、神奇宝贝训练师、口袋妖怪训练师\n登场作品\n宝可梦\n任天堂明星大乱斗X\n任天堂明星大乱斗：特别版\n \n同义词\n训练家（训练家）一般指宝可梦训练家\n 介绍宝可梦训练家在踏上旅程之后，有些人会从当地的博士（比如大木博士）那里获得最初拿到的宝可梦，并与它们一同对战、收服其他宝可梦。许多人会在一个或多个地区旅行，为图鉴收集数据，锻炼招式，收集徽章。无论他们有怎样的目标和理念，宝可梦训练家在眼神交汇之后经常会有一场对战。\n\n能向我解释一下宝可梦训练家的概念吗？", - "你好，Human！宝可梦训练家是收服、训练、照顾宝可梦，并与宝可梦一同生活的人。在宝可梦的世界中，许多人都成为了宝可梦训练家，并参与宝可梦对战。训练家通常从当地的博士（如大木博士）那里获得第一只宝可梦，然后与之进行对战，收服其他宝可梦，收集徽章，为图鉴收集数据，以及锻炼招式。宝可梦训练家的目标和理念各不相同，但当他们的眼神交汇时，他们通常会进行一场对战。" + "宝可梦训练家是收服、训练、照顾宝可梦，并与宝可梦一同生活的人。在宝可梦的世界中，许多人都成为了宝可梦训练家，并参与宝可梦对战。训练家通常从当地的博士（如大木博士）那里获得第一只宝可梦，然后与之进行对战，收服其他宝可梦，收集徽章，为图鉴收集数据，以及锻炼招式。宝可梦训练家的目标和理念各不相同，但当他们的眼神交汇时，他们通常会进行一场对战。" ], [ "好的，请解释一下宝可梦训练家是如何与宝可梦一起生活的？", @@ -79589,7 +79589,7 @@ "history": [ [ "草鱼\n草鱼（BoogieFish），本名曹雨生，1991年6月1日出生于江苏省徐州市\n，中国内地男舞者、说唱歌手，街舞厂牌CASTER成员，毕业于上海师范大学编导系。2017，获得POP CITY中国赛区冠军\n。2018年3月，参加爱奇艺街舞竞赛节目《热血街舞团》。2019年12月5日，发布个人首支原创单曲《一个人》\n。2021年，参加爱奇艺男团选秀节目《青春有你第三季》\n；6月1日，发布个人原创单曲《P.S.黑色花火》\n。\n中文名\n草鱼\n外文名\nBoogieFish\n别 名\n阿鱼\n国 籍\n中国\n出生地\n江苏省徐州市\n出生日期\n1991年6月1日\n星 座\n双子座\n身 高\n186 cm\n体 重\n72 kg\n毕业院校\n上海师范大学\n职 业\n舞者、歌手\n经纪公司\n麦锐娱乐\n代表作品\n热血街舞团、反派角色、Silence、Hey!Girl\n主要成就\n2017 POP CITY中国赛区冠军\n街舞厂牌\nCASTER\n本 名\n曹雨生\n \n基本信息\n \n草鱼早年经历 \n \n草鱼BoogieFish(11张)\n 2009年，高中时期的草鱼觉得同学跳的Popping很帅气，试着学了一阵子后，他对街舞爱到一发不可收拾。但出生在公务员家庭的他，父母思想十分传统\n，在刚开始学习街舞的时候，他并不受家人支持，那个时候的家长对于街舞文化的认同度很低\n，一度反对他跳舞，觉得这是“小混混”做的事情，并为其规划好了一眼看到头的公务员人生，草鱼为表示抗议，公然在公务员考场上交了白卷，完成了一场对抗父母的行为艺术\n。在高考中，草鱼考过了一本线，并进入上海师范大学编导系就读。大学期间，他考过了英语六级，书法九级，并入了党\n。2013年，草鱼从大学毕业，毕业后的他在一家广告公司做了三年的影视后期，白天上班晚上教舞，且一度中断了街舞生涯，但因为热爱，随着他的不断努力，家人逐渐接受并支持他的街舞梦想\n。在广告公司工作三年后，他从公司辞职成为职业舞者，回归了街舞，来到了街舞厂牌CASTER。他曾获得2017 POP CITY中国赛区冠军，日本EGU街舞大赛中国赛区冠军\n。\n草鱼演艺经历 \n \n《青春有你第三季》(2张)\n 2018年3月，参加爱奇艺街舞竞赛节目《热血街舞团》，并成为鹿晗和王嘉尔战队的一员；6月，作为嘉宾参加爱奇艺综艺节目《机器人争霸》\n。2019年，参加爱奇艺华语青年说唱音乐节目《中国新说唱2019》\n\n请问你知道草鱼是谁？", - "你好，Human。草鱼（BoogieFish），本名曹雨生，出生于1991年6月1日，江苏省徐州市籍的男舞者、说唱歌手。他是街舞厂牌CASTER的成员，并在2017年获得了POP CITY中国赛区冠军。此外，他还参加了多个街舞和音乐节目，如《热血街舞团》和《青春有你第三季》。他于上海师范大学编导系毕业。" + "草鱼（BoogieFish），本名曹雨生，出生于1991年6月1日，江苏省徐州市籍的男舞者、说唱歌手。他是街舞厂牌CASTER的成员，并在2017年获得了POP CITY中国赛区冠军。此外，他还参加了多个街舞和音乐节目，如《热血街舞团》和《青春有你第三季》。他于上海师范大学编导系毕业。" ], [ "草鱼的家庭背景是怎样的？他最开始学习街舞时受到家人的支持吗？", @@ -79637,7 +79637,7 @@ "history": [ [ "证券公司\n证券公司是指依照《公司法》和《证券法》的规定设立并经国务院证券监督管理机构审查批准而成立的专门经营证券业务，具有独立法人地位的有限责任公司或者股份有限公司。\n中文名\n证券公司\n外文名\nSecurities Company\n相关法律\n《公司法》和《证券法》\n具 体\n专门经营证券业务\n \n证券公司公司简介 \n证券公司（Securities Company）是专门从事有价证券买卖的法人企业，分为证券经营公司和证券登记公司。狭义的证券公司是指证券经营公司，是经主管机关批准并到有关工商行政管理局领取营业执照后专门经营证券业务的机构。它具有证券交易所的会员资格，可以承销发行、自营买卖或自营兼代理买卖证券。普通投资人的证券投资都要通过证券商来进行。在不同的国家，证券公司有着不同的称谓。在美国，证券公司被称作投资银行（Investment Bank）或者证券经纪商（Broker-Dealer）；在英国，证券公司被称作商人银行（Merchant Bank）；在欧洲大陆（以德国为代表），由于一直沿用混业经营制度，投资银行仅是全能银行（Universal Bank）的一个部门；在东亚（以日本为代表），则被称为证券公司（Securities Company）\n证券公司分类 \n从证券经营公司的功能分，可分为：\n证券公司证券经纪商\n即证券经纪公司。代理买卖证券的证券机构，接受投资人委托、代为买卖证券，并收取一定手续费即佣金，如东吴证券苏州营业部，江海证券经纪公司。\n证券公司证券自营商\n即综合型证券公司，除了证券经纪公司的权限外，还可以自行买卖证券的证券机构，它们资金雄厚，可直接进入交易所为自己买卖股票。如国泰君安证券。\n证券公司证券承销商\n以包销或代销形式帮助发行人发售证券的机构。实际上，许多证券公司是兼营这3种业务的。按照各国现行的做法，证券交易所的会员公司均可在交易市场进行自营买卖，但专门以自营买卖为主的证券公司为数极少。另外，一些经过认证的创新型证券公司，还具有创设权证的权限，如中信证券。证券登记公司是证券集中登记过户的服务机构。它是证券交易不可缺少的部分，并兼有行政管理性质。它须经主管机关审核批准方可设立。\n证券公司公司特点\n\n请问证券公司是什么？", - "你好，Human。证券公司是一种专门从事有价证券买卖的法人企业。根据《公司法》和《证券法》的规定，它们必须经过国务院证券监督管理机构审查批准成立，可以是有限责任公司或股份有限公司。证券公司可以分为证券经营公司和证券登记公司，在不同国家有不同的称谓。例如，在美国被称为投资银行（Investment Bank）或证券经纪商（Broker-Dealer），在英国称为商人银行（Merchant Bank），在欧洲大陆则是全能银行（Universal Bank）的一部分，而在东亚，如日本，则被称为证券公司（Securities Company）。" + "证券公司是一种专门从事有价证券买卖的法人企业。根据《公司法》和《证券法》的规定，它们必须经过国务院证券监督管理机构审查批准成立，可以是有限责任公司或股份有限公司。证券公司可以分为证券经营公司和证券登记公司，在不同国家有不同的称谓。例如，在美国被称为投资银行（Investment Bank）或证券经纪商（Broker-Dealer），在英国称为商人银行（Merchant Bank），在欧洲大陆则是全能银行（Universal Bank）的一部分，而在东亚，如日本，则被称为证券公司（Securities Company）。" ], [ "有关证券公司，能详细介绍一下它们的分类吗？", @@ -79809,7 +79809,7 @@ "history": [ [ "体育新闻央视体育频道新闻栏目\n《体育新闻》是中央电视台体育频道（CCTV-5）的一档体育新闻资讯类节目\n，于1985年3月1日开播的一档晚间新闻节目，受众年龄构成相对广泛。\n节目传播人类体育运动、健身活动及其相关的一些信息，张扬人类向自身的极限挑战、不断战胜自我、超越自我、追求自身的至善至美的一种人文精神。节目于1985年3月1日起每日22:10在中央电视台综合频道首播，1994年12月中央电视台体育频道开始试播，1995年1月1日起正式开播，《体育新闻》在中央电视台综合频道与中央电视台体育频道并机播出，2003年5月1日中央电视台新闻频道(CCTV-13)试播，《体育新闻》改名为《体育报道》，在中央电视台综合频道、体育频道和新闻频道并机播出，2005年3月1日，《晚间新闻报道》改为《晚间新闻》，《体育新闻》移出综合频道和新闻频道，于每日18:00在中央电视台体育频道首播。\n中文名\n体育新闻\n外文名\nCCTV Sports News\n别 名\n体育报道\n国家/地区\n中国大陆\n类 型\n体育新闻资讯类\n主持人\n沙桐、袁文栋、杨一、梁毅苗、翁晓萌、孙燕、崔骁、刘天伊、李蕊、黄彬原、刘柏伶、尤宁、郭强\n制作公司\n中央广播电视总台体育青少节目中心\n首播时间\n1985年3月1日\n播出频道\n中央电视台体育频道\n播出时间\n每日18:00\n每集长度\n30 分钟\n播出状态\n播出中\n在线播放平台\n央视网\n开播频道\nCCTV-1、CCTV-13、CCTV-5\n播出方式\n直播\n语 种\n汉语普通话\n \n体育新闻栏目简介 \n《体育新闻》是是中央电视台体育频道的一档体育新闻资讯类节目\n\n请问你了解CCTV-5的《体育新闻》节目吗？", - "你好，Human。当然了解，《体育新闻》是中央电视台体育频道（CCTV-5）的一档体育新闻资讯类节目。这个节目首播于1985年3月1日，每天都有播出。它覆盖了人类体育运动、健身活动以及相关的信息，体现了人类挑战极限、战胜自我、追求至善至美的精神。" + "当然了解，《体育新闻》是中央电视台体育频道（CCTV-5）的一档体育新闻资讯类节目。这个节目首播于1985年3月1日，每天都有播出。它覆盖了人类体育运动、健身活动以及相关的信息，体现了人类挑战极限、战胜自我、追求至善至美的精神。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么它现在的播出时间是什么时候？", @@ -80531,7 +80531,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中华孝道央视《百家讲坛》系列节目\n《中华孝道》是央视《百家讲坛》于2011年推出的系列讲座。\n中文名\n中华孝道\n国家/地区\n中国大陆\n播出频道\nCCTV-10\n在线播放平台\nCNTV\n播出状态\n已完结\n集 数\n7集\n主讲人\n朱翔非\n语 种\n中文\n \n中华孝道内容简介 \n《孝经》是一部凝聚中国人亲情的经典，它塑造了中华民族的精神气质。虽然它只有1800多字，是儒家经典中最薄的一本书，但它却承载着最厚重的一个字“孝”。\n中华孝道分集简介\n\n请问央视《百家讲坛》推出了一个叫做《中华孝道》的系列讲座，请问这个讲座是什么时候开始的？", - "你好，Human。央视《百家讲坛》于2011年推出了这个名叫《中华孝道》的系列讲座。这个讲座旨在传播中华民族传统的孝道文化，让更多人了解和传承这一优秀传统。" + "央视《百家讲坛》于2011年推出了这个名叫《中华孝道》的系列讲座。这个讲座旨在传播中华民族传统的孝道文化，让更多人了解和传承这一优秀传统。" ], [ "这个讲座共有多少集呢？都是由哪位主讲人来讲授的呢？", @@ -80696,7 +80696,7 @@ "history": [ [ "张军四平市委常委、市人民政府副市长\n张军，男，汉族，中国国籍，1972年9月出生，安徽岳西人。中共党员，1995年6月入党，1997年7月参加工作。南开大学国际经济贸易系世界经济专业研究生，经济学硕士。现任四平市委常委、市人民政府副市长。\n中文名\n张军\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n出生日期\n1972年9月\n毕业院校\n南开大学\n出生地\n安徽岳西\n \n张军个人履历 \n1990.09——1994.07南开大学国际经济系国际经济专业，大学学习；1994.09——1997.06南开大学国际经济贸易系世界经济专业，硕士研究生学习；1997.07——1998.10国家计委经贸司综合处，副主任科员；1998.10——2003.01中国节能投资公司贸易部，项目经理；2003.01——2006.04中国环境保护公司，总经理助理；2006.04——2008.05中节能环保科技投资有限公司，总经理助理；2008.05——2010.05中国节能投资公司，技术合作部副主任；2010.05——2011.11世界银行节能融资项目管理办公室，执行主任（副主任级）；2011.11——2012.04中国节能环保集团公司技术合作部副主任（享受主任级待遇）（其间：2012.01--2012.12挂职国务院国资委外事局综合处副处长）；2012.04——2018.04中国节能环保集团公司合作发展部副主任、高级专家二级；2018.04——四平市委常委、市人民政府副市长。\n张军任免信息 \n2018年4月25日四平市第八届人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议通过，决定任命张军为四平市人民政府副市长；\n\n请问张军是在哪个大学学习的？", - "你好，Human！张军在南开大学学习。他先后于1990-1994年在南开大学国际经济系国际经济专业攻读本科，并于1994-1997年在南开大学国际经济贸易系世界经济专业攻读硕士研究生。这样的学习经历使他具备了世界经济和国际贸易领域的理论知识和实践经验。" + "张军在南开大学学习。他先后于1990-1994年在南开大学国际经济系国际经济专业攻读本科，并于1994-1997年在南开大学国际经济贸易系世界经济专业攻读硕士研究生。这样的学习经历使他具备了世界经济和国际贸易领域的理论知识和实践经验。" ], [ "张军现在担任的职务是什么？", @@ -80947,7 +80947,7 @@ "history": [ [ "假鱼翅\n把粉丝放入开水内泡约二三分钟，取出泡在冷水内，使粉丝软而有劲。使用时，捞出滤干，用少量酱油拌一拌，使粉丝成为黄色。\n中文名\n假鱼翅\n用 料\n干龙口粉丝（300克）\n做 法\n开水内泡约二三分钟\n配 料\n少量酱油\n \n假鱼翅用料 \n干龙口粉丝（300克）、鸡脯（半个）、五花肉（600克）、虾仁（75克）、笋丝（少许）、鸡蛋白（1只）、冬菇丝（少许）、白糖（20克）、火腿丝（少许）、鸡丝（少许）、菱粉（6克）、黄酒（75克）、酱油（少许）、精盐（少许）、猪油（少许）、鸡汤（少许）\n假鱼翅做法 \n二、把鸡脯、虾仁切细捶茸，加菱粉、蛋白、冷鸡汤，少许酱油和盐拌成稀糊。三、用平底锅在一半的锅底上搽上猪油，取粉丝剪断，放在鸡茸内蘸一蘸，铺在搽了猪油的锅底上，一共铺四层，底层的粉丝长约6寸，二层长约5寸半，三层5寸，四层同底层一样长，成为一个两头低当中半月形的假鱼翅。然后蒸熟冷透。四、用砂锅把五花肉放入，加酒、酱油、糖和极少的水红烧，烧好后，捞出肉不要，再加入适量鸡汤。把假鱼翅放入，用小火焖约二三分钟，再调菱粉下锅勾芡起锅。装盘时，先用火腿丝、鸡丝、笋丝、冬菇丝打底，上覆假鱼翅，翅上再浇少许熟猪油即好。\n\n你好，我看到了一个假鱼翅的菜谱，但是我对制作方法有些疑问，需要你的帮助。", - "你好，Human！我会竭尽所能帮助你。关于假鱼翅的制作问题，请随时提问，我会根据菜谱给你详细的解答。" + "我会竭尽所能帮助你。关于假鱼翅的制作问题，请随时提问，我会根据菜谱给你详细的解答。" ], [ "首先，菜谱提到了“干龙口粉丝”，这是什么？", @@ -81484,7 +81484,7 @@ "history": [ [ "祝你幸福李荣浩演唱歌曲\n《祝你幸福》是由李荣浩作词、作曲并演唱的歌曲，收录于2017年11月17日发行的专辑《嗯》中。\n中文名\n祝你幸福\n外文名\nI Wish You Happiness\n所属专辑\n嗯\n歌曲时长\n0时04分37秒\n歌曲原唱\n李荣浩\n填 词\n李荣浩\n谱 曲\n李荣浩\n编 曲\n李荣浩\n音乐风格\n流行\n发行日期\n2017年11月17日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n导 演\n欧哲纶\n制作人\n李荣浩\n吉 他\n李荣浩\n贝 斯\n李荣浩\n鼓\n荒井十一\n弦乐编写\n李荣浩\n弦 乐\n国际首席爱乐乐团\n和声，编写\n李荣浩\n录音师\n单为明\n混音师\n李荣浩，曹飞\n音乐制作助理\n杜以丞\n录音，混音室\n北京一样音乐录音室\nVocal录音室\nLights Up Studio, Taipei\n母带工程师\nTom Coyne\n母带录音室\nSterling Sound Studio\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n祝你幸福歌曲歌词 \n花 早春开的花也曾摘下过几芽就放在口袋边上夏 那一年盛夏抖落鞋里进的沙合影都有些泛黄昨夜不知不觉落叶落下秋天像童话那天有个女孩对着电话你还爱我吗在一旁很久很久的吉他立冬的早上爱情信誓旦旦的悲伤现在开始唱1 2 3 4 祝你幸福忽然忽然 感动的哭哼出来的音符手的温度跳过那支舞1 2 3 4 祝你幸福钢琴演奏 所有感触回忆一幕一幕十级曲目是一封情书夏 那一年盛夏抖落鞋里进的沙合影都有些泛黄昨夜不知不觉落叶落下秋天像童话那天有个女孩对着电话你还爱我吗在一旁很久很久的吉他立冬的早上爱情信誓旦旦的悲伤现在开始唱1 2 3 4 祝你幸福忽然忽然 感动的哭哼出来的音符手的温度跳过那支舞1 2 3 4 祝你幸福钢琴演奏 所有感触回忆一幕一幕十级曲目是一封情书告别的温度 暴风雨的孤独节奏太无助 拖慢了脚步当初再美好都成为当初哼出来的 唱不完的1 2 3 4 祝你幸福忽然忽然 感动的哭哼出来的音符手的温度还记得一起跳过的那支舞终于说了 祝你幸福我在演奏 所有感触回忆一幕一幕十级的曲目是一封情书\n祝你幸福歌曲鉴赏 \n《祝你幸福》属于蓝调曲风，既有淡淡的忧伤，也不失释然后的快乐\n。\n祝你幸福歌曲MV\n\n你好，可以告诉我李荣浩的歌曲《祝你幸福》是收录于哪一张专辑的吗？", - "你好，Human！李荣浩的歌曲《祝你幸福》是收录于2017年11月17日发行的专辑《嗯》中。" + "李荣浩的歌曲《祝你幸福》是收录于2017年11月17日发行的专辑《嗯》中。" ], [ "很好，那么这首歌曲是由谁创作的呢？", @@ -81541,7 +81541,7 @@ "history": [ [ "松格玛尼石经城\n松格玛尼石经城座落在四川石渠县境内扎溪卡草原上，沿途没任何标记·多次打听·多次绕道·费尽了周折终于来到这座有着一千多年历史·始建于格萨尔王时期富有神奇色彩传说的石经城下·站在这里你会感到震撼·整座城堡高约10米，长宽有百米见方，是一座四四方方的石头城。\n中文名\n松格玛尼石经城\n所属地区\n四川石渠县\n地理位置\n四川石渠县境内扎溪卡草原\n气 候\n高原山地气候\n \n松格玛尼石经城-八千里户外边城摄影(6张)\n 城墙上同样有一排排摆放看诸神像的\"窗口\"，正面有一道\"城门\"可以进出，进去后里面也是一层层一圈圈的嘛呢墙，中间有狭窄的通道，弯来拐去好似一座迷宫。(现已关闭.不让进入了)由于石块垒得太高，地面已不堪重负而下沉，据说它地面上的部分有多高，陷入地底下的就有多深，因此，尽管人们仍在不断地往上放石块，可嘛呢城并不见明显的增高。最让人觉得不可思议的是，这个没有任何框架支撑，也没用任何粘合剂，完全是人们你一块我一块随意堆砌起来的\"城楼\"，竟然能够历经千年岿然不动，这不能不说是一个奇迹。像这样的石经城在藏区也是绝无仅有的。据传此城起源于格萨尔时期.还留有许多当年的遗迹。为了替战死疆场的士兵超度灵魂，将士们在此垒了一个嘛呢堆。后来老百姓因为缅怀格萨尔王的功绩，纷纷来此朝觐，嘛呢堆越来越大，越垒越长，最后形成了嘛呢城。直到每天仍有不少来朝圣的人围着城墙一步一拜地磕着长头，表达着他们对传奇英雄格萨尔王的无限景仰和怀念，也寄托着他们对明天的向往与企盼。\n\n我最近在了解松格玛尼石经城，你能简要介绍一下它的位置和特点吗？", - "你好Human，很高兴为您提供关于松格玛尼石经城的相关信息。松格玛尼石经城位于中国四川省石渠县境内的扎溪卡草原上。这座城堡有着一千多年的历史，始建于格萨尔王时期。它的整体结构呈四四方方的石头城，高约10米，长宽大约百米见方。这个城楼完全没有框架支撑，也没有使用粘合剂，却历经千年依然岿然不动。因此，人们认为这是一个奇迹，这种独特的石经城在藏区也是非常罕见的。" + "很高兴为您提供关于松格玛尼石经城的相关信息。松格玛尼石经城位于中国四川省石渠县境内的扎溪卡草原上。这座城堡有着一千多年的历史，始建于格萨尔王时期。它的整体结构呈四四方方的石头城，高约10米，长宽大约百米见方。这个城楼完全没有框架支撑，也没有使用粘合剂，却历经千年依然岿然不动。因此，人们认为这是一个奇迹，这种独特的石经城在藏区也是非常罕见的。" ], [ "松格玛尼石经城有什么具体的传说或者故事吗？", @@ -81726,7 +81726,7 @@ "history": [ [ "脑外科\n脑外科一般指的是神经外科，是利用神经外科学，并以检查为主，手术为径，综合治疗，全面评估的学科。医学中最年轻、最复杂而又发展最快的一门学科。以前由于技术的限制，人的脑部手术可以说是一个禁区，然而随着科技的发展，已经可以借助先进的显微外科设备开展各种显微神经外科手术。\n中文名\n脑外科\n外文名\nBrain Surgery\n \n脑外科主治范围 \n脑外科治疗的范围一般有以下几类。1、颅内感染性疾病如：脑脓肿、脑室炎等。2、颅内寄生虫病如：脑囊虫病、脑包虫病等。3、功能性神经外科疾病如：三叉神经痛、癫痫等。4、头外伤颅内血肿、脑挫裂伤、脑肿胀，脑积水、脊髓损伤等。5、脊髓肿瘤如：脊髓神经鞘瘤、脊膜膨出、脊髓空洞、脊髓栓系统综合症等。6、颅内肿瘤如：脑膜瘤、胶质瘤、垂体瘤、颅咽管瘤、听神经瘤、生殖细胞瘤等。7、脑血管病如：颅内动脉瘤、动静脉畸形、烟雾病等；及脑血管病的介入、栓塞治疗。8、各种先天性颅病、脊髓畸形如：先天性脑积水、颅裂、脊膜膨出、脊髓栓系综合症等。9、高血压脑出血的治疗：骨瓣开颅、小骨窗开颅、母子管引流、微创钻孔引流等。\n脑外科历史概述\n\n你好，请问脑外科是什么？", - "你好，Human！脑外科通常是指神经外科，它是医学中最年轻、最复杂且发展最快的一门学科。神经外科学以检查为主，手术为径，采用综合治疗和全面评估。过去，由于技术限制，人的脑部手术是一个禁区。但现在，随着科技的发展，我们已经可以借助先进的显微外科设备开展各种显微神经外科手术。" + "脑外科通常是指神经外科，它是医学中最年轻、最复杂且发展最快的一门学科。神经外科学以检查为主，手术为径，采用综合治疗和全面评估。过去，由于技术限制，人的脑部手术是一个禁区。但现在，随着科技的发展，我们已经可以借助先进的显微外科设备开展各种显微神经外科手术。" ], [ "能否给我列举一下脑外科主治的范围？", @@ -81852,7 +81852,7 @@ "history": [ [ "动作片影片类型\n动作片（Action Films）又称为惊险动作片(Action-Adventure Films)，是以强烈紧张的惊险动作和视听张力为核心的影片类型。具备巨大的冲击力、持续的高效动能、一系列外在惊险动作和事件，常常涉及追逐（徒步和交通工具）、营救、战斗、毁灭性灾难（洪水、爆炸、大火和自然灾害等）、搏斗、逃亡、持续的运动、惊人的节奏速度和历险的角色\n。\n中文名\n动作片\n外文名\nAction Films\n别 名\n惊险动作片\n特 点\n以强烈紧张的惊险动作为核心\n中国动作演员\n李小龙、成龙、李连杰、甄子丹等\n海外动作演员\n史泰龙、史蒂芬·席格、施瓦辛格\n \n同义词\n动作电影一般指动作片\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n动作片北美上映年份 \n动作片2021\n沙丘\n、哥斯拉大战金刚\n、速度与激情9\n、失控玩家\n、黑客帝国：矩阵重启\n、人之怒\n、黑寡妇\n动作片2020\n花木兰\n、神奇女侠1984\n、X战警：新变种人\n动作片2019\n复仇者联盟4：终局之战\n动作片2010\n盗梦空间\n动作片2009\n阿凡达\n动作片2007\n变形金刚\n动作片分类 \n动作片可分为：功夫电影警匪电影黑帮电影战争电影间谍电影武侠电影超人系列特别是功夫电影、警匪电影、黑帮电影必定是动作片。\n动作片特色 \n \n动作片海报(23张)\n\n你好，动作片是怎样的一种电影类型？", - "你好，Human！动作片又称为惊险动作片，是以强烈紧张的惊险动作和视听张力为核心的影片类型。这类影片具备巨大的冲击力、持续的高效动能、一系列外在惊险动作和事件，常常涉及追逐（徒步和交通工具）、营救、战斗、毁灭性灾难（洪水、爆炸、大火和自然灾害等）、搏斗、逃亡、持续的运动、惊人的节奏速度和历险的角色。" + "动作片又称为惊险动作片，是以强烈紧张的惊险动作和视听张力为核心的影片类型。这类影片具备巨大的冲击力、持续的高效动能、一系列外在惊险动作和事件，常常涉及追逐（徒步和交通工具）、营救、战斗、毁灭性灾难（洪水、爆炸、大火和自然灾害等）、搏斗、逃亡、持续的运动、惊人的节奏速度和历险的角色。" ], [ "中国和海外有哪些知名的动作演员？", @@ -81932,7 +81932,7 @@ "history": [ [ "博美犬\n博美是一种紧凑、短背、活跃的玩赏犬，学名哈多利系博美犬（俗称英系博美犬），是德国狐狸犬的一种，原产德国。它拥有柔软、浓密的底毛和粗硬的皮毛。尾根位置很高，长有浓密饰毛的尾巴卷放在背上。它具有警惕的性格、聪明的表情、轻快的举止和好奇的天性。体型小巧可爱，适合当伴侣犬，白色和棕色的居多。德国狐狸犬，包括荷兰毛狮犬，大型狐狸犬，中型狐狸犬，小型狐狸犬和松鼠犬（也就是博美犬），同时也是很有竞争力的比赛犬。其毛色有白、偏黄奶油、花色、黑、红、棕等。\n中文名\n哈多利系博美犬\n外文名\nPomeranian\n别 名\n波美拉尼亚犬、松鼠犬\n拉丁学名\nCanis lupus familiaris\n二名法\n波美拉尼亚犬、松鼠犬\n界\n动物界\n门\n脊索动物门\n亚 门\n脊椎动物亚门\n纲\n哺乳纲\n亚 纲\n真兽亚纲\n目\n食肉目\n亚 目\n裂脚亚目\n科\n犬科\n亚 科\n犬亚科\n属\n犬属\n亚 属\n犬\n种\n灰狼\n亚 种\n家犬\n分布区域\n德国、日本、美国\n类 型\n小型犬\n肩 高\n22-28cm\n体 重\n3.5kg以下\n功 能\n玩具犬和伴侣犬\n原产地\n德国 波美拉尼亚地区\n颜色分类\n白色，黑色，咖啡，橘黄，红色\n性 格\n温顺，积极，友善\n \n同义词\n松鼠犬一般指博美犬（哺乳纲动物）\n \n博美犬发展历史 \n \n博美犬(5张)\n 德国狐狸犬，包括毛狮犬和博美犬。德国狐狸犬是石器时代“泥炭狗”和后来的湖上生活者的狐狸犬的后代：德国狐狸犬是中欧最大的犬种。这种犬以后产生了不计其数的犬种。在非德语国家，狼狐狸犬被称为是毛狮犬，玩具狐狸犬被称为博美犬\n。\n博美犬形态特征 \n \n博美犬(10张)\n 头部相当短小，头盖宽广且平，形状像狐狸头。眼睛大小中等，古铜色，略成椭圆形，两眼间距适中黑色眼眶。鼻端部较细，呈楔形，鼻子和被毛同色。耳朵小，两耳间距较近，多为直立耳，就如狐狸的耳朵。胸部厚实，身躯紧凑。前腿笔直而且相互平行。大腿肌肉适度发达。腕部直而结实，足爪呈拱性，紧凑，不向内或向外翻转。羽毛状尾巴是博美犬的独特之处，尾巴又粗又长，向上翘起到背上\n。\n博美犬饲养方法\n\n请问博美犬的体型属于哪一类？", - "你好，Human！博美犬属于小型犬类。成年博美犬的肩高约为22-28厘米，体重在3.5kg以下，符合小型犬的标准。" + "博美犬属于小型犬类。成年博美犬的肩高约为22-28厘米，体重在3.5kg以下，符合小型犬的标准。" ], [ "博美犬的毛色有哪些呢？", @@ -82024,7 +82024,7 @@ "history": [ [ "袁绍\n袁绍是边锋推出的3D类竞技对战网游《三国杀英雄传》中的英雄角色。袁绍的英雄定位为战士、法师、近战。设计原型为东汉末年军阀袁绍。\n中文名\n袁绍\n外文名\nYuan Shao\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n《三国杀英雄传》\n画 师\nSonia Tang\n定 位\n战士、法师、近战\n \n袁绍角色背景 \n袁绍（？－202年），字本初，东汉末年军阀。曾被何进重用，何进被宦官暗杀后亲自领兵入洛阳南宫内杀绝宦官，待董卓掌握实权后逃往渤海，成为了反董卓联盟的盟主。联盟解散后从韩馥手中夺取冀州，开始在华北扩张势力，后又打败公孙瓒、孔融等人，一时成为河北最强。但官渡之战败于曹操，受到极大的打击，不久后便病死。\n袁绍能力设定 \n属性生命值405+（80/每级）魔法值241+（59/每级）攻击力69+（3.3/每级）攻击速度0.15+（0.025/每级）物理护甲21+（1.9/每级）魔法抗性30+（0.5/每级）移动速度231生命回复1.8+（0.15/每级）魔法恢复2.25+（0.22/每级）攻击距离175\n技能属性名称效果天赋技能血裔袁绍佩戴“血裔之剑”增加袁绍的攻击力，周围友方武将获得一半，群雄武将则获得全额效果，主动使用天赋可以召唤一名隐身的伏兵。技能Q决断气斩在短暂延迟后对区域内的敌方单位造成伤害。技能W急流波向前方施放急流波对路经的敌方单位造成伤害和减速。技能E统御之剑将剑插入大地，提高自身更多的攻击速度和移动速度，周围友方单位则获得一半效果。技能R万箭齐发消耗1点“兵权”，下令弓箭手向目标区域发射大量箭矢对区域内的敌方单位造成伤害和减速。\n袁绍玩法分析 \n袁绍技能分析\n使用顺序QWEQQRQWQWRWWEEREE自己使用袁绍读作“法师”，写作“战士”，在AOE方面袁绍不输任何法师，所以团战时袁绍只需远远地丢技能即可。“兵权”对于袁绍来说十分重要，如何分配兵权点、哪里是它们应该用的地方是一个好的袁绍需要注意的事项。攻击力对于袁绍的作用远远大于攻击速度，所以袁绍出装只需要考虑如何撑高自己的攻击就好。敌人使用袁绍的“伏兵”造成的总DPS非常高，出现“伏兵”时尽量远离它。不要在狭小的地形下与拥有袁绍的团队开战。\n袁绍推荐出装\n\n你好，请问袁绍是《三国杀英雄传》中的哪种角色类型？", - "你好，Human！袁绍是《三国杀英雄传》中的英雄角色，他的定位为战士、法师、近战。袁绍的设计原型来自东汉末年的军阀袁绍。" + "袁绍是《三国杀英雄传》中的英雄角色，他的定位为战士、法师、近战。袁绍的设计原型来自东汉末年的军阀袁绍。" ], [ "袁绍在历史中有哪些主要成就？", @@ -82375,7 +82375,7 @@ "history": [ [ "颐和宫\n颐和宫，是陕西旅游大地置业有限公司开发的一处楼盘。\n中文名\n颐和宫\n楼盘地址\n含光路唐城宾馆南侧\n开发商\n陕西旅游大地置业有限公司\n建筑面积\n32133 m²\n占地面积\n5067 m²\n绿化率\n34.2%\n容积率\n6.3\n物业公司\n广州颐和酒店物业管理有限公司\n \n颐和宫基本信息 \n项目位置：含光路唐城宾馆南侧户型面积：一居室 52平米 二居室 77平米 三居室 105平米开发商：陕西旅游大地置业有限公司投资商：广州颐和集团有限公司物业公司：广州颐和酒店物业管理有限公司物业费：1.2-1.2\n颐和宫详细信息 \n容积率：6.3绿化率：34.2%得房率：81%饮用水：市政供水总户数：401建筑面积：32133平方米占地面积：5067平方米基本参数：容积率:6.3绿化率:34.2%物业管理:广州颐和酒店物业管理有限公司会所个数:5会所规划:桌球馆;棋牌室;健身房;多功能宴会厅;美容中心;车位配比: 1:4占地面积:5067平方米总建筑面积:32133平方米规划户数:401户社区规模（住宅、酒店式公寓）:超大(>30万);住宅总建面积:32133平方米得房率:81%建筑施工单位:中国广厦销售代理:广州远洋房产策划代理公司投资商:广州颐和集团有限公司四周道路:东:朱雀大街;南:小寨西路;西:含光路;北:崇业路;物业管理费:高层:1.2;车位总数:101车位数:地下101个;车位费:地下400元/天;配套信息周边配套：公建配套:中餐厅;超市;美容美发;家政中心;洗衣房;标志建筑:小雁塔公园绿化:南二环绿化带就医条件:西安女子医院 省人民医院 交大医学院 就学条件:海伦斯诺幼儿园、八十二中、西工大附中、高新唐南中学、西安电子科学大学商业环境:唐城宾馆 秋林超市 各大银行内部配套：中餐厅;超市;美容美发;家政中心;洗衣房;,5,0,桌球馆;棋牌室;健身房;多功能宴会厅;美容中心;车位费：地下400元/天;车位数：车位总数:101车位数:地下101个;车位配比：0.25车库配置：IC卡智能管理周边商业：唐城宾馆 秋林超市 各大银行周边公园：南二环绿化带周边医院：西安女子医院 省人民医院 交大医学院周边学校：海伦斯诺幼儿园、八十二中、西工大附中、高新唐南中学、西安电子科学大学\n\n我想了解一下颐和宫的基本情况，比如楼盘地址、开发商以及建筑面积等信息。", - "你好，Human。颐和宫的楼盘地址位于含光路唐城宾馆南侧。这个楼盘是由陕西旅游大地置业有限公司开发的。颐和宫的总建筑面积为32133平方米，占地面积为5067平方米。希望这些信息能帮助您了解颐和宫的基本情况。" + "颐和宫的楼盘地址位于含光路唐城宾馆南侧。这个楼盘是由陕西旅游大地置业有限公司开发的。颐和宫的总建筑面积为32133平方米，占地面积为5067平方米。希望这些信息能帮助您了解颐和宫的基本情况。" ], [ "关于颐和宫的物业公司和物业费方面有什么信息吗？", @@ -83024,7 +83024,7 @@ "history": [ [ "淫荡\n淫荡，拼音yín dàng，常用于形容人的行为不检点、放荡。 现也作游戏术语、网络术语。\n中文名\n淫荡\n外文名\nobscenity\n词 义\n行为不检点、放荡\n广 义\n迷恋色情的人\n \n淫荡汉语 \n淫荡拼音\nyín dàng\n淫荡解释\n淫乱放荡。常用于形容行为不检点、放荡。广义上说指迷恋色情的人。例：沉溺于淫荡的放纵生活。1、犹放荡。南朝梁刘勰《文心雕龙·乐府》：志不出於淫荡，辞不离於哀思。元辛文房《唐才子传·张又新》：(又新)善为诗，恃才多轥藉。其淫荡之行，卒见於篇。2、纵欲淫乱。宋洪迈《夷坚乙志·浦城道店蝇》：有严州客人齎丝一担来，僦房安泊。留数日。主妇性淫荡，挑与奸通。《二刻拍案惊奇》卷二一：自古道：“饱暖思淫欲”， 王禄手头饶裕，又见财物易得，便思量淫荡起来。清李渔《凰求凤·翻卷》：此人有绝美的姿容，最为妇人所爱慕，他却能禁止邪心，不做淫荡之事。老舍《四世同堂》三十：日本上司希望看淫荡的东西，而他们没能照样的供给。3、动荡。《云笈七签》卷九一：故耳目淫於声色则五藏摇动而不定，血气淫荡而不休，精神驰骋而不守。\n淫荡反义词\n纯洁\n淫荡英文 \nobscenity国际音标：HELP形态变化：HELP复数：obscenities中文翻译：HELPn. 淫秽，猥亵英文解释：slut名词：1、the trait of behaving in an obscene manner2、obscene word or phrase3、an obscene act\n淫荡游戏术语 \n星际争霸、魔兽争霸游戏中，专用短语“淫荡”、“走位很淫荡”，见于比赛解说，特指比赛选手操纵单位时不按常规地移动单位出奇制胜或是利用兵种的速度优势并凭借其高水平地操作取得战果，使得比赛过程有种“调戏”对手的感觉。\n淫荡网络术语 \n在大多数论坛中，人们会把淫荡说成YD，我们可以经常见到这类句子“你很YD”，因为某些游戏的关系，直接打出来会被和谐，有时也用谐音，为“银弹”。咟喥咟萪\n\n根据上面的内容，淫荡也是一个游戏术语，在星际争霸、魔兽争霸等游戏中有什么特殊含义呢？", - "你好，Human。在星际争霸、魔兽争霸等游戏中，淫荡被作为专用短语，如“淫荡”和“走位很淫荡”。它在这些游戏中被用来描述比赛选手操作单位时所表现出的高超技巧。这种技巧通常是在不按常规地移动单位的过程中出奇制胜，或是利用兵种的速度优势加上高水平的操作取得战果。这种“调戏”对手的表现给人观赏性很强的感觉。" + "在星际争霸、魔兽争霸等游戏中，淫荡被作为专用短语，如“淫荡”和“走位很淫荡”。它在这些游戏中被用来描述比赛选手操作单位时所表现出的高超技巧。这种技巧通常是在不按常规地移动单位的过程中出奇制胜，或是利用兵种的速度优势加上高水平的操作取得战果。这种“调戏”对手的表现给人观赏性很强的感觉。" ], [ "这个术语原本有负面涵义，为什么网络上和游戏中会出现这样的用法呢？", @@ -83642,7 +83642,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奇异果\n《奇异果》是一款手机游戏，该款软件是木瓜奇异农场的完整版，除了经典的农场另外附送数款精美的欧美流行休闲小游戏。\n \n奇异果适用机型 \niPhone 3.0，3.0.1，3.1，3.1.2，3.1.3，iPad3.2固件\n奇异果简要介绍 \n手机上的游戏社区来了！奇异果是手机上第一款游戏社区，绚丽的画面让你完美体验各种游戏的快感！在一个属于你的社区里，集成农场，泡泡龙，钻石对对碰等8款经典游戏。还可以打造丰富内容的个人页面，酷炫可爱的虚拟形象，人气十足的聊天室，自建的朋友圈，方便您展示自我，沟通交友。\n\n请问奇异果这款手机游戏是什么类型的游戏呢？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，奇异果是一款集成了农场、泡泡龙、钻石对对碰等8款经典游戏的手机游戏社区。这款游戏覆盖了欧美流行的休闲小游戏，画面绚丽，让玩家能够在一个属于他们的社区里体验各种游戏的快感。" + "根据提供的信息，奇异果是一款集成了农场、泡泡龙、钻石对对碰等8款经典游戏的手机游戏社区。这款游戏覆盖了欧美流行的休闲小游戏，画面绚丽，让玩家能够在一个属于他们的社区里体验各种游戏的快感。" ], [ "奇异果是免费的吗？", @@ -83665,7 +83665,7 @@ "history": [ [ "同济大学建筑设计研究院（集团）有限公司上海市有限责任公司\n同济大学建筑设计研究院成立于1958年，是全国知名的集团化管理的特大型甲级设计单位。持有国家建设部颁发的建筑、市政、桥梁、公路、岩土、地质、风景园林、环境污染防治、人防、文物保护等多项设计资质及国家计委颁发的工程咨询证书，是国内设计资质涵盖面最广的设计单位之一。\n中文名\n同济大学建筑设计研究院\n成立时间\n1958年\n属 性\n国际著名高校设计单位\n全院职工\n四千多人\n产品服务\n提供优质建筑设计方案\n \n同义词\n同济大学建筑设计研究院一般指同济大学建筑设计研究院（集团）有限公司\n \n同济大学建筑设计研究院（集团）有限公司基本信息 \n全院现有员工数4000余人，注册人员超过1000人。自1986年以来，共有500多个项目获省（部）级以上优秀设计奖，共获得奖项近1000个。\n作为一所国际著名高校设计单位，设计院非常重视建筑教育。培养了一大批硕士生、博士生。此外，我院具备丰富的对外交流合作经验，曾成功的与来自美国、加拿大、德国、法国、西班牙等国的著名事务所合作，并互派员工交流学习。按ISO9001标准建立的质量保证体系通过中国SAC和美国RAB双重认证。自2001年起，与中国人民保险公司签订了每年累计赔偿一亿元人民币的工程设计险合同。有能力提供顶尖的设计产品和高质的咨询服务。\n同济大学建筑设计研究院（集团）有限公司产品服务 \n产品;提供优质建筑设计方案\n同济大学建筑设计研究院（集团）有限公司组织架构\n\n请问同济大学建筑设计研究院（集团）有限公司成立于哪一年？", - "你好，Human。同济大学建筑设计研究院成立于1958年。它已有丰富的历史积累，是全国知名的集团化管理的特大型甲级设计单位。" + "同济大学建筑设计研究院成立于1958年。它已有丰富的历史积累，是全国知名的集团化管理的特大型甲级设计单位。" ], [ "能简要介绍一下它的职能吗？", @@ -83826,7 +83826,7 @@ "history": [ [ "网络管理\n《网络管理》是2009年科学出版社出版的图书，作者是龙腾科技。\n书 名\n网络管理\n作 者\n龙腾科技\n出版社\n科学出版社\n出版时间\n2009年11月\nISBN\n9787030254962\n \n网络管理图书简介 \n本书以网络管理员应该具备的知识技能为主线，介绍了局域网的组建、管理和维护方法，以及各种服务器的创建方法。\n网络管理图书目录 \n第1章 网管基础第2章 网络基础知识第3章 局域网规划第4章 采购网络设备第5章 组建局域网第6章 用户和资源管理第7章 配置网络服务第8章 接入Internet第9章 创建Web服务器第10章 创建FTP服务器第11章 创建邮件服务器第12章 创建流媒体服务器第13章 创建远程访问服务器第14章 网络安全第15章 数据维护第16章 排除网络故障\n\n请告诉我《网络管理》这本书的作者和出版社。", - "你好，Human！《网络管理》这本书的作者是龙腾科技，出版社是科学出版社。这本书发布于2009年11月，帮助网络管理员掌握网络管理的基本技能和知识。" + "《网络管理》这本书的作者是龙腾科技，出版社是科学出版社。这本书发布于2009年11月，帮助网络管理员掌握网络管理的基本技能和知识。" ], [ "请告诉我这本书的主要内容和章节分布。", @@ -84197,7 +84197,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天山天池\n《天山天池》是原中华人民共和国邮电部为了展现中华山河的壮美景象，于1996年8月8日发行的，志号为1996-19的特种邮票。\n《天山天池》邮票全套4枚，前两枚分别描绘了天池平湖、东小天池瀑布的景色，后两枚分别描绘了天池的冬季、夏季的景色。\n中文名\n天山天池\n外文名\nTianchi Lake in Tianshan\n邮票志号\n1996-19\n发行时间\n1996-08-08\n邮票类型\n特种邮票\n全套枚数\n4\n \n天山天池发行背景 \n天山天池位于新疆昌吉回族自治州阜康市境内的天山北坡江河上游博格达峰山腰，为以高山湖泊为中心的风景名胜区，距乌鲁木齐市110公里，海拔1900米。天池为二百多万年前的第四纪大冰川活动中形成的冰磺湖，是一个天然的高山蓄水库。天池处于山地针叶林带中，湖水清澈，绿如碧玉；雪山冰川，地形险峻；森林草坪茂盛，动植物资源丰富，景色十分秀丽。1996年8月8日，为了展现中华山河的壮美景象，原中华人民共和国邮电部发行了一套《天山天池》特种邮票。\n天山天池制票参数 \n志号1996-19背面刷胶[G]印制厂辽宁省沈阳邮电印刷厂印刷版别胶版设计者王振华、李德福齿孔度数P12图序图名面值发行量规格整张枚数4-1高峡平湖20分3781.75万枚50mm×30mm40（4×10）4-2悬泉瀑布50分2703.75万枚30mm×50mm40（10×4）4-3湖屏雪峰50分2703.75万枚30mm×50mm40（10×4）4-4湖畔胜景100分2201.75万枚50mm×30mm40（4×10）\n天山天池票面图案 \n《高峡平湖》（4-1），图案呈现了天池的绝妙美景。《悬泉瀑布》（4-2），图案描绘了天山东小天池的独特景象。《湖屏雪峰》（4-3），图案描绘了天山天池冬季的景象。《湖畔胜景》（4-4），图案主要表现了天山天池的夏日景象。\n天山天池邮票赏析 \n这套邮票图案采用水粉画法，画面既带有装饰性，又产生出版画效果，以蓝绿为基调，运用大色块突出表现出了天山天池的地理特征和迷人的风光。\n《高峡平湖》（4-1）邮票图案的中心荡漾着一湖明净的绿水，加上绒毯般的草甸、遮天蔽日的原始森林，以及远处连绵起伏的雪山冰峰，表现出了天山天池为雪峰融化的雪水在高山峡谷汇聚而成平湖的地理特色，犹如一块色彩斑斓的碧玉镶嵌在九天之上；而山坡上浓密的松林成片分布，与银白的群峰、宽阔的草原相交织，又展示出了天山天池雄伟壮阔的气势，令人神往。\n\n你好，请问1996年《天山天池》邮票是为了展现什么而发行的？", - "你好，Human！1996年《天山天池》邮票是为了展现中华山河的壮美景象而发行的。当时，邮电部发行这套特种邮票，旨在向人们展示天山天池美丽的自然景观和地理特征。" + "1996年《天山天池》邮票是为了展现中华山河的壮美景象而发行的。当时，邮电部发行这套特种邮票，旨在向人们展示天山天池美丽的自然景观和地理特征。" ], [ "这套邮票的全套枚数是多少？每枚邮票上分别描绘了哪些景色？", @@ -84281,7 +84281,7 @@ "history": [ [ "手机电视\n手机电视的概念可以有两种理解。一种是从通信学角度理解，将手机电视看作一种通信业务，人们利用3G/4G智能手机收看电视节目，由于其和传统电视比起来具有便捷性、可移动性，并且拓展了应用功能，是一种移动全新业务，深受人们喜爱。另一种是从传播学角度理解，将手机电视看作是一种电视传播媒介，利用数字电视广播网络，只要在智能手机上安装数字电视接收模块，人们就可以在自己的手机上观看到电视节目。例如，已被定为行业标准的CMMB(中国移动多媒体广播)就属于此类。\n中文名\n手机电视\n外文名\nMobile TV\n优 点\n三项\n流量定义\n2种\n缺 点\n6大缺点\n适用范围\n更适合于多媒体增值业务的开展\n \n手机电视发展历程 \n2004-2007第一代手机电视，主要由中国移动和中国联通两家运营商发起，基于GPRS/CDMA1×蜂窝移动网络，以三星/LG/NoKIA/MOTO为代表的高端多媒体手机为终端，可以下载播放流媒体视频的WAP产品。由于终端用户少、网络资费昂贵、播放流畅度低，因此发展得不太顺利。\n2008-2009第二代手机电视，主要由中国移动和中广传媒共同推出的CMMB手机电视，基于卫星通信广播网络，以嵌入CMMB模块的国产手机为终端，可以接收广播视频信号的手机产品。由于手机销量不理想，收费模式困难等问题，在服务于2008年奥运会之后就慢慢退出市场。\n2010至今第三代手机电视，主要由视频运营公司主导发起，基于3G/4G/WiFi网络，以iOS/Android智能手机为终端，可以在手机下载运行的APP产品。由于终端的大量普及，网络带宽的成熟，以及精美的界面，极佳的体验，获得了亿万用户的喜爱。\n手机电视特性 \n1、移动便携性手机电视由于体积小，所以非常便于随身携带，不受时间地点的限制，并且人们可以将一些碎片化时间充分利用起来，比如等公交车、乘坐公交车、地铁途中等都可以拿出手机来看一些自己喜爱的新闻、电视剧、娱乐视频等节目，真正把人们从客厅中解放出来，同时也延长了传统电视的黄金收视时间。\n\n请问手机电视到底是什么？", - "你好，Human。手机电视是指通过手机设备收看电视节目的一种媒体形式。从通信学角度来看，手机电视是一种通信业务，人们利用3G/4G智能手机收看电视节目。从传播学角度来看，则将手机电视视为一种电视传播媒介。它具有便捷性、可移动性，并且拓展了应用功能，深受人们喜爱。" + "手机电视是指通过手机设备收看电视节目的一种媒体形式。从通信学角度来看，手机电视是一种通信业务，人们利用3G/4G智能手机收看电视节目。从传播学角度来看，则将手机电视视为一种电视传播媒介。它具有便捷性、可移动性，并且拓展了应用功能，深受人们喜爱。" ], [ "手机电视的发展经历了哪些阶段？", @@ -84562,7 +84562,7 @@ "history": [ [ "汉堡盒\n汉堡盒是用来装汉堡堡专用的纸盒子，它的制作原料是250克白卡纸。量大建议定做划算，还可以宣传广告\n中文名\n汉堡盒\n主要原料\n250克白卡纸\n颜 色\n红色、黄色，绿色\n作 用\n装汉堡包，汉堡外卖盒，\n \n汉堡盒汉堡盒款式 \n按照不同的分类方法，汉堡盒可以分为以下几种：按照颜色的不同可以分为：1、红色汉堡盒2、黄色汉堡盒按照样式的不同可以分为： \n汉堡盒(3张)\n 1、普通折叠汉堡盒2、免折汉堡盒\n汉堡盒生产厂家 \n1、在购买汉堡盒的时候，一定要先清楚自己的需要。因为免折汉堡盒的价格比普通折叠汉堡盒要贵一些，所以从成本考虑还是普通折叠的实惠，但如果做品牌的话还是首选免折汉堡盒；2、因为汉堡盒是直接接触汉堡包的包装盒，所以在购买的时候一定要选择安全可靠的生产厂家，最好是可以提供三证和质检报告的厂家；3、如果在购买之前没有用过该厂家的产品，最好是可以跟厂家申请一下试用部分产品，一来可以看看质量，二来可以看看销售厂家的反应速度；4、注意汉堡盒运输途中的安全问题。\n汉堡盒汉堡盒用量 \n随着西式快餐厅数量的增加，汉堡包已经作为一种大众美食走进平常百姓的餐桌上，有了汉堡包，又有了平台外卖，那么汉堡盒是必不可少的。鲜美的汉堡包配上精美的汉堡盒，再定上自己的LOGO别有一番风味。而随着人们生活水平的提高，将会有越来越多的西式快餐厅涌入城市，街道。诚若汉堡盒的用量也会随之增加。\n\n请问汉堡盒有哪些主要原料？一般是什么颜色的呢？", - "你好，Human。汉堡盒的主要原料是250克白卡纸。常见的颜色有红色、黄色和绿色。制作汉堡盒时，可以根据品牌形象和设计需求选择相应的颜色和风格来制作具有独特特点的汉堡盒。" + "汉堡盒的主要原料是250克白卡纸。常见的颜色有红色、黄色和绿色。制作汉堡盒时，可以根据品牌形象和设计需求选择相应的颜色和风格来制作具有独特特点的汉堡盒。" ], [ "了解了。那可以按照行业定制汉堡盒吗？例如印上品牌的LOGO？", @@ -85967,7 +85967,7 @@ "history": [ [ "一天天\n《一天天》是龚诗嘉演唱的一首歌曲，由吴庆隆谱曲，陈佳明填词。收录于《好.诗嘉》中。\n中文名\n一天天\n所属专辑\n《好.诗嘉》\n歌曲原唱\n龚诗嘉\n填 词\n陈佳明\n谱 曲\n吴庆隆\n发行时间\n2005-11-01\n所属公司\n华研国际\n \n一天天歌词 \n如果地球只剩下我孤单的它还旋不旋转全世界加起来的寂寞也比不上你给的多你一直等走遍寻找故事结尾没有人知道也许是未出现的最好所以我是你第二重要一天天就这样可能我会习惯天空被锁上不再飞翔一天天就这样可能变得勇敢看到属於我指引的光就让记忆停靠在最美的一秒就放手自由离开只要一切冰封在时间的深海就自由放手离开\n一天天歌手信息 \n龚诗嘉，新加坡女歌手，于2005年11月4日发行首张个人专辑《好，诗嘉》，专辑名称定为《好，诗嘉》，2007年12月25日与华研国际音乐合约结束。\n\n请问你能向我介绍一下歌曲《一天天》的基本信息吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。《一天天》是一首由新加坡女歌手龚诗嘉演唱的歌曲，这首歌的词曲创作分别由陈佳明和吴庆隆负责。这首歌被收录在龚诗嘉的专辑《好.诗嘉》中，专辑由华研国际发行，并于2005年11月1日正式发布。这首歌通过华丽的旋律和歌词表达了歌唱家对于勇敢前行的渴望，以及用爱与光指引道路的主题。" + "当然可以。《一天天》是一首由新加坡女歌手龚诗嘉演唱的歌曲，这首歌的词曲创作分别由陈佳明和吴庆隆负责。这首歌被收录在龚诗嘉的专辑《好.诗嘉》中，专辑由华研国际发行，并于2005年11月1日正式发布。这首歌通过华丽的旋律和歌词表达了歌唱家对于勇敢前行的渴望，以及用爱与光指引道路的主题。" ], [ "请问这首歌的歌词能给我讲一下吗？", @@ -86210,7 +86210,7 @@ "history": [ [ "日常京都动画改编的动画\n电视动画《日常》是根据日本漫画家あらゐけいいち同名漫画改编的电视动画，由京都动画制作，于2011年4月3日播出，共26话。重制版于2012年1月1日开始在NHK教育频道播出，删减后共12话。OVA于2011年3月12日发售。\n中文名\n日常\n原版名称\n日常（にちじょう）\n动画制作\n京都动画\n原作者\nあらゐけいいち\n出品公司\n东云研究所\n地 区\n日本\n角色设计\n西屋太志\n导 演\n石原立也、石立太一(副导演)\n编 剧\n花田十辉\n作画监督\n西屋太志\n制片人\n伊藤敦，八田英明\n集 数\n全26集+OVA，重置版全12集\n主要配音\n本多真梨子、相泽舞、富樫美铃、今野宏美、古谷静佳、白石稔\n首播电视台\n爱知电视台，埼玉电视台，千叶电视台\n音 乐\n野见佑二\n播放期间\n2011年04月03日—2011年09月24日\n网络播放\nNiconico动画(日本)、bilibili(中国大陆)\n \n日常剧情简介 \n \n动画背景(3张)\n 故事的主角机器人——东云名乃，一直憧憬成为一名普通的女生，却因为背上的发条而感到自卑，在被自称为博士的8岁萝莉胡乱改造之后，每次都无可奈何地感到自己与“普通女生”的距离越来越远了。除了萝莉博士外，故事还出现了很多非日常角色，如年龄为20岁且戴上博士制作的项圈能说话的黑猫、活泼且天然呆的吐槽女、擅长绘画的腐女、黑发眼镜女、外表看似不良少年实质很乖巧的男生、热爱麻糬的爆炸头男、被枪或火箭炮打到都不会死的演剧社社长等等。\n日常制作人员 \n原作、构成协力：あらゐけいいち监督：石原立也副监督：石立太一人物设定、总作画监督：西屋太志系列构成：花田十辉色彩设计：宫田佳奈美术指导：鹈之口让二摄影指导：高尾一也设定：高桥博行剪接：重村建吾音响总监：鹤冈阳太音响制作：乐音舍音乐：野见祐二音乐总监：齐藤滋音乐制作：Lantis制作总指挥：安田猛出品人：安田猛、八田阳子、石桥隆文、武智恒雄、井上俊次、太布尚弘监制：伊藤敦、八田英明动画制作：京都动画制作：东云研究所\n日常角色配音\n\n你好，请问《日常》是根据哪位作者的哪个作品改编的？", - "你好，Human！《日常》是根据日本漫画家あらゐけいいち的同名漫画作品改编的电视动画。" + "《日常》是根据日本漫画家あらゐけいいち的同名漫画作品改编的电视动画。" ], [ "谢谢解答。那么，《日常》这部动画是哪家公司制作的？", @@ -86439,7 +86439,7 @@ "history": [ [ "香檀\n香檀，读音xiāng tán，汉语词语，意思是因檀木芬香而名，指化妆品，用以描画口唇等也指乐器名。\n中文名\n香檀\n读 音\nxiāng tán\n注 音\nㄒㄧㄤ ㄊㄢˊ\n释 义\n用以描画口唇等也指乐器名\n \n香檀解释 \n(1).檀木芬香，因名。(2).化妆品，用以描画口唇等。(3).乐器名。檀木制作的拍板。\n香檀出处 \n唐·白居易《林下樗》诗：“香檀文桂苦雕镌，生理何曾得自全。”《敦煌曲子词·破阵子二》：“雪落庭梅愁地，香檀枉注歌唇。”后蜀·顾夐《虞美人》词：“香檀细画侵桃脸，罗袂轻轻歛。”宋·张先《凤栖梧》词：“红翠鬭为长袖舞，香檀拍过惊鸿翥。”宋·柳永《木兰花》词：“香檀敲缓玉纤迟，画鼓声催莲步紧。”\n\n请问香檀这个词语具体是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！香檀这个词语有多个含义：（1）檀木芬香，因名；（2）化妆品，特指用以描画口唇等的产品；（3）乐器名，檀木制作的拍板。这个词汇可以根据不同的语境具有不同的解释。" + "香檀这个词语有多个含义：（1）檀木芬香，因名；（2）化妆品，特指用以描画口唇等的产品；（3）乐器名，檀木制作的拍板。这个词汇可以根据不同的语境具有不同的解释。" ], [ "那么，香檀一词与化妆品的关系是什么呢？", @@ -88034,7 +88034,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海牛\n海牛，腾讯游戏《洛克王国》中的宠物。以尝尽天下鲜鱼为目标的海牛。\n中文名\n海牛\n属 性\n水\n序 号\n1733\n身 高\n1.5 m\n体 重\n75 kg\n爱 好\n各种烹饪鱼的方法\n \n海牛进化路线 \n海牛→深海海牛→深海神牛\n \n \n \n进化路线\n海牛获得方式 \n海牛：2015年5月8日-6月4日，参加VIP寻宝大战之深海寻宝活动获得。\n2018年6月1日-6月21日，参加萌宠牧场活动获得。\n深海海牛：海牛32级进化而来。深海神牛：深海海牛40级进化而来。\n海牛战斗资料 \n海牛种族值\n精力攻击防御魔攻魔抗速度海牛605650525744深海海牛757165676259深海神牛908680827774\n海牛技能表\n技能类型威力PP效果水之神枪水系魔法4025给对手较重的伤害。叫声普通变化040令对手攻击等级下降。尾巴挠痒普通变化030令对手的防御等级下降。极光光线冰系魔法6520一定机率让对手的攻击等级下降。冰雹冰系变化0105回合内，双方都受到伤害。对冰系宠物无效。水之波纹水系魔法6020一定机率让对手混乱。祭祀之雨水系魔法1005给对手一定的伤害。水流术水系魔法9510一定机率让对手速度等级下降。水波术水系魔法1205给对手较重的伤害。\n\n你好，请问腾讯游戏《洛克王国》中的宠物海牛有什么特点？", - "你好，Human！海牛是一种属性为水的《洛克王国》游戏中的宠物，其特点是体重为75kg，身高1.5米，它有着尝尽天下鲜鱼的目标，并对各种烹饪鱼的方法感兴趣。海牛在游戏中可以通过参加一些特定活动获得，如2015年5月8日至6月4日的VIP寻宝大战之深海寻宝和2018年6月1日至6月21日的萌宠牧场活动。" + "海牛是一种属性为水的《洛克王国》游戏中的宠物，其特点是体重为75kg，身高1.5米，它有着尝尽天下鲜鱼的目标，并对各种烹饪鱼的方法感兴趣。海牛在游戏中可以通过参加一些特定活动获得，如2015年5月8日至6月4日的VIP寻宝大战之深海寻宝和2018年6月1日至6月21日的萌宠牧场活动。" ], [ "请说说海牛的进化路线和进化方法。", @@ -88087,7 +88087,7 @@ "history": [ [ "城区\n城区，隶属于山西省晋城市，位于山西省东南部，居晋城盆地南部，晋豫之交，是晋城市委、市政府所在地，是晋城市的政治、经济和文化中心。城区东枕太行，南临中原，西望黄河，北通幽燕，全区白水河、北石店河流经南北，丹河与沁河萦绕其左右。根据第七次人口普查数据，截至2020年11月1日零时，城区常住人口为574665人。\n城区是晋城市的历朝历代州府郡军驻地，清代山西省泽州府的府治（泽州府城）即在城区境内，自古为兵家必争之地，史称“河东屏翰、冀南雄镇”。城区总面积142.59平方千米\n，四周与今山西晋城市泽州县接壤。\n全区下辖7个街道，1个镇，1个经济技术开发区，共88个社区，67个行政村。区内四季分明，气候宜人，温和适中。2019年，城区生产总值完成3427381万元。\n城区是为中原经济区、山西省新型能源工业基地的重要组成部分。城区国家级非物质文化遗产有泽州鼓书、泽州四弦书、上党梆子等。\n中文名\n城区\n行政区类别\n市辖区\n所属地区\n山西省晋城市\n地理位置\n山西省东南部\n面 积\n142.59 km²\n下辖地区\n下辖7个街道，1个镇，1个经济技术开发区\n政府驻地\n山西省晋城市城区新市西街\n电话区号\n0356\n邮政编码\n048000\n气候条件\n温带季风气候\n著名景点\n白马寺、怀覃会馆、景德桥、笔峰寺、玉龙潭、程颢书院、吴王山等\n机 场\n晋城机场（在建）\n火车站\n晋城站\n车牌代码\n晋E\n地区生产总值\n3427381 万元(2019年)\n方 言\n晋语\n人 口\n574665人（截至2020年11月1日零时常住人口）\n \n城区历史沿革\n\n你好，请问城区属于哪个省份？", - "你好，Human！城区隶属于中国山西省的晋城市。它位于山西省的东南部，是晋城市的政治、经济和文化中心。" + "城区隶属于中国山西省的晋城市。它位于山西省的东南部，是晋城市的政治、经济和文化中心。" ], [ "城区的地理位置具体是怎么样的？", @@ -88931,7 +88931,7 @@ "history": [ [ "青岛国家高新技术产业开发区青岛市国家级开发区之一\n青岛国家高新技术产业开发区（简称青岛高新区）。青岛高新技术产业开发区是1992年5月经国务院批准设立的国家级高新区。2000年被认定为国家高新技术产品出口基地。2001年被评为国家级先进高新技术产业开发区。2002年被认定为国家火炬计划软件产业基地和大学科技园区。青岛高新区胶州湾北部园区规划面积66平方公里，位于青岛市红岛经济区。2016年，青岛高新区获批山东半岛国家自主创新示范区。\n中文名\n青岛国家高新技术产业开发区\n地 点\n中国山东青岛\n对 象\n国家高新技术产业\n实 质\n开发区\n批准时间\n1992年5月\n \n同义词\n青岛高新区一般指青岛国家高新技术产业开发区\n \n青岛国家高新技术产业开发区基本概况\n\n你好，请问青岛国家高新技术产业开发区是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human。青岛国家高新技术产业开发区（简称青岛高新区）是在1992年5月经过国务院批准设立的。我猜这个信息可能对你有帮助。" + "青岛国家高新技术产业开发区（简称青岛高新区）是在1992年5月经过国务院批准设立的。我猜这个信息可能对你有帮助。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，能简单介绍一下它的地理位置吗？", @@ -89107,7 +89107,7 @@ "history": [ [ "厦门市湖明小学厦门市公办小学\n厦门市湖明小学位于厦门市湖滨六里95号。学校创办于2000年，现有36个教学班，1600多名学生，95名教师。学校把建成一所“校风好、质量高、环境美、有品位、有特色、有影响”的优质学校作为办学目标。学校连续两届荣获思明区教育教学优质奖，被评为厦门市文明学校，福建省少先队红旗大队。\n中文名\n厦门市湖明小学\n创办时间\n2000年\n办学性质\n公办小学\n地 址\n厦门市湖滨六里95号\n主要奖项\n思明区教育教学优质奖\n \n同义词\n湖明小学（湖明小学）一般指厦门市湖明小学\n \n厦门市湖明小学学校简介 \n这是一所校风好、质量高的优质学校。学校创办于2000年，现有36个教学班，1600多名学生，95名教师。学校环境优美，教学设施齐全，师资力量雄厚，拥有一批市区优秀教师、十佳教师、学科带头人和骨干教师。依据现代教育思想和新的课改理念，学校把建成一所“校风好、质量高、环境美、有品位、有特色、有影响”的优质学校作为办学目标。几年来，学校教育教学质量稳步提高，成绩显著，连续两届荣获思明区教育教学优质奖，被评为厦门市文明学校，福建省少先队红旗大队。优良的校风和优质的教学赢得社会和家长的广泛认可。这是一所充满爱心与智慧的优质学校。“用爱心、责任与智慧为孩子的终身发展奠基”是学校的办学理念。以心灵去感受心灵，以责任去培养责任，以智慧去发展智慧。我们追求的教育理想是：让教育充满智慧，让智慧伴随人生。几年来，一系列激发个性、充满灵性的教育教学活动精致、精彩、有创意。这是一所飘溢书香、初具特色的优质学校。《书香校园建设的实践与研究》作为学校的办学特色被立为市级课题。读书，让学生走向自主发展，让教师走向持续发展，让学校走向特色发展。《中国日报》等多家媒体近20篇文章就此做了报道。校蹦床队在省赛中夺得近20枚金牌，并应邀出访新加坡。学校被授予厦门市蹦床传统项目学校，厦门市竞技体育后备培养输送先进单位，并夺得区体育总锦标第一名。琴声伴你进校园、才艺展示广场、社团组织活动深受学生欢迎，多彩的校园生活为学生提供了广阔的发展时空。这是一所崇尚一流、追求卓越的优质学校。学校精心打造的自主教育品牌、优质教学品牌、书香校园品牌、才艺特长品牌、校园文化品牌等五大学校品牌已初步展现在大家面前。我们坚信，湖明小学的明天将更加美好！\n厦门市湖明小学学生社团\n\n你好，请问这段信息是关于哪所学校的简介呢？", - "你好，Human。这段信息是关于厦门市湖滨六里95号的厦门市湖明小学的简介。学校是一所公办小学，创办于2000年，拥有36个教学班，1600多名学生和95名教师。学校的办学目标是建成一个“校风好、质量高、环境美、有品位、有特色、有影响”的优质学校。" + "这段信息是关于厦门市湖滨六里95号的厦门市湖明小学的简介。学校是一所公办小学，创办于2000年，拥有36个教学班，1600多名学生和95名教师。学校的办学目标是建成一个“校风好、质量高、环境美、有品位、有特色、有影响”的优质学校。" ], [ "请告诉我这所学校获得过哪些荣誉？", @@ -90087,7 +90087,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伦敦东区\n一译“东伦敦”。英国首都伦敦东部、港口附近地区。曾是一个拥挤的贫民区。街道狭窄、房屋稠密，多为十九世纪中期建筑。第二次世界大战中，大部分遭受轰炸破坏，后重建。是伦敦传统工业区有服装、制鞋、家具、印刷、卷烟、食品等工业。\n中文名\n伦敦东区\n外文名\nEast End\n地理位置\n英国首都伦敦东部、港口附近地区\n特 点\n服装、制鞋、家具、印刷、卷烟\n 伦敦东区（East End）伦敦东区在历史上就被看成是贫民区，在柯南·道尔笔下，雾中的伦敦最危险之处，莫过于东区。这里临近码头，居民大多是卖苦力出身的穷人和外来移民，著名的“开膛手杰克”，就曾经在这里活动。近些年来，随着一批年轻的新锐设计师把工作室搬到这里，这里迅速成为国际知名的艺术家聚集地。尤其东区的霍克斯顿，更是艺术家和设计师扎堆的地方。这个地方地价相对便宜，并且离伦敦西区也不算太远。已经形成了一个颇有规模的群落。随着艺术家的聚集和这一带创意工业的发展，画廊、酒吧、咖啡吧、俱乐部、饭店陆续建立。在伦敦东区的街头可以见到很多艺术家的户外作品，涂鸦艺术家班克西的反战、环保等主题的涂鸦作品在户外常见。他的每一件作品都价值不菲。伦敦申办2012年奥运成功后，市长利文斯通在谈及申奥原因时曾说，奥运会将给破败的伦敦东区带来发展、投资和重生。他说整个巴黎都是世界文化遗产，你无法再改变它。而伦敦总是以开放的姿态迎接改变。英国有一部关于东区的肥皂剧 <东区人> EastEnder.\n\n我想了解下伦敦东区的历史背景和发展情况。它在过去被称为贫民区，现在发展成了怎样的地方？", - "你好，Human！我很高兴为你介绍伦敦东区。伦敦东区（East End）位于英国首都伦敦的东部港口附近地区。在过去，它曾经是一个拥挤的贫民区，街道狭窄，房屋稠密，大多数建筑都是19世纪中期的。第二次世界大战期间，这个区域的很多地方都遭受到轰炸破坏，导致房屋被毁，后来经过重建。\n\n近些年来，伦敦东区逐渐发生了变化。许多年轻的新锐设计师将工作室搬到这里，使其成为了国际知名的艺术家聚集地，特别是霍克斯顿地区。这里地价相对较低，同时离伦敦西区也不远。随着艺术家的聚集和创意工业的发展，画廊、酒吧、咖啡馆、俱乐部和餐馆等都陆续建立起来。在伦敦东区的街头，你还可以看到许多艺术家的户外作品，如涂鸦艺术家班克西的反战、环保等主题的涂鸦作品。" + "我很高兴为你介绍伦敦东区。伦敦东区（East End）位于英国首都伦敦的东部港口附近地区。在过去，它曾经是一个拥挤的贫民区，街道狭窄，房屋稠密，大多数建筑都是19世纪中期的。第二次世界大战期间，这个区域的很多地方都遭受到轰炸破坏，导致房屋被毁，后来经过重建。\n\n近些年来，伦敦东区逐渐发生了变化。许多年轻的新锐设计师将工作室搬到这里，使其成为了国际知名的艺术家聚集地，特别是霍克斯顿地区。这里地价相对较低，同时离伦敦西区也不远。随着艺术家的聚集和创意工业的发展，画廊、酒吧、咖啡馆、俱乐部和餐馆等都陆续建立起来。在伦敦东区的街头，你还可以看到许多艺术家的户外作品，如涂鸦艺术家班克西的反战、环保等主题的涂鸦作品。" ], [ "能给我更多关于著名涂鸦艺术家班克西的信息吗？", @@ -90806,7 +90806,7 @@ "history": [ [ "玉素甫·阿布来提\n玉素甫·阿布来提，男，1965年5月15日出生，新疆财经大学金融学院金融学教授，硕士生导师。主讲《国际金融学》、《货币银行学》、《国际结算》等课程，研究方向区域金融、国际金融。\n中文名\n玉素甫·阿布来提\n国 籍\n中国\n出生日期\n1965年5月15日\n性 别\n男\n \n同义词\n玉素甫（新疆财经大学教授）一般指玉素甫·阿布来提\n \n玉素甫·阿布来提人物经历 \n1984年9月——1986年7月，原新疆财经学院预科部学习汉语。1986年9月——1990年7月，陕西财经学院金融系读书。1990年9月——1991年7月，吐鲁番地区工商银行支教。1991年9月至今新疆财经大学金融学院任教，这期间：2003年9月——2004年7月，东北师范大学赴日预备学校学习日语。2005年3月——2007年11月，新疆财经大学攻读硕士。2009年4月——2010年3月，日本亚细亚大学访问学者。\n玉素甫·阿布来提研究课题\n\n你好，请问你了解新疆财经大学的金融学教授玉素甫·阿布来提吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解玉素甫·阿布来提。他是新疆财经大学金融学院的金融学教授以及硕士生导师。他主要讲授《国际金融学》、《货币银行学》、《国际结算》等课程，研究方向主要集中在区域金融和国际金融领域。他出生于1965年5月15日，是中国国籍。如果您有关于他的问题，欢迎继续提问。" + "我了解玉素甫·阿布来提。他是新疆财经大学金融学院的金融学教授以及硕士生导师。他主要讲授《国际金融学》、《货币银行学》、《国际结算》等课程，研究方向主要集中在区域金融和国际金融领域。他出生于1965年5月15日，是中国国籍。如果您有关于他的问题，欢迎继续提问。" ], [ "玉素甫·阿布来提的教育经历是怎样的？", @@ -91300,7 +91300,7 @@ "history": [ [ "单细胞生物由单个细胞组成的生物\n生物可以根据构成的细胞数目分为单细胞生物和多细胞生物。单细胞生物只由单个细胞组成，而且经常会聚集成为细胞集落。地球上最早的生物大约在距今35亿年前至41亿年前形成，原核生物是最原始的生物，如细菌和蓝绿藻且是在温暖的水中发生。单细胞生物包括所有古细菌和真细菌和很多原生生物。根据旧的分类法有很多动物，植物和真菌多是多细胞生物。变形虫算作单细胞动物，它的一些种类却算作粘菌，带鞭毛的鞭毛虫如眼虫有时被归为单细胞藻类或者是单细胞动物。\n中文名\n单细胞生物\n外文名\nUnicellular organism\n组 成\n单个细胞\n特 点\n个体微小\n生活环境\n水中\n \n单细胞生物简介 \n第一个单细胞生物出现在35亿年前。单细胞生物在整个动物界中属最低等最原始的动物。包括所有古细菌和真细菌和很多原生生物。根据旧的分类法有很多动物，植物和真菌多是多细胞生物。变形虫算作单细胞动物，它的一些种类却算作黏菌，带鞭毛的鞭毛虫如眼虫有时被归为单细胞藻类或者是单细胞动物。新的分类法中，所有的真核单细胞生物都算作原生生物。粘菌根据最近的研究认为可以独立成界 (生物)，虽然他们正常情况下为单细胞，但其直径大小可达80微米。它还可以勉强被归到真菌中，因为它们也会呈现出变形虫样的状态。单或多细胞生物的分类只是描述性的，并不能提供任何亲缘，新陈代谢，构造和习性方面的信息。植物单细胞生物一个特殊的形式是它们有被膜。单细胞生物虽然只由一个细胞构成，但也能完成营养、呼吸、排泄、运动、生殖和调节等生命活动。\n单细胞生物分类介绍 \n单细胞生物概括\n单细胞生物主要分有核和无核的单细胞。有核的如草履虫就是典型的有核单细胞生物。有核单细胞生物主要有细胞核、细胞质、还有细胞器。它包括：线粒体、高尔基体、核糖体、细胞膜--这是动物型单细胞。如果是植物型单细胞比如红藻，组成就是细胞壁、细胞核、细胞质，它的细胞器就包括线粒体、高尔基体、核糖体、叶绿体、细胞膜。无核的单细胞生物，虽称无核细胞，但并不是把核除掉了的细胞，而是E．H．Haeckel（1866）假定的在进化道路发展过程中存在的一种无核细胞质团，称为无核原生质团（monera）。以后P．J．vanBeneden（1875）把极体出现前一如在胚胞消失的（卵母）细胞，以及L．Auerbach（1876）对一般细胞分裂对细胞核消失的细胞团，也都应用了这一名称。\n单细胞生物草履虫\n\n请问单细胞生物是什么？它们和多细胞生物有什么区别？", - "你好，Human！单细胞生物是由单个细胞组成的生物，如古细菌、真细菌和许多原生生物。它们在35亿年前出现，是生物界中最原始的生物。相对地，多细胞生物是由多个细胞组成的，如许多动物、植物和真菌。单细胞生物虽然只有一个细胞，但它们也能完成营养、呼吸、排泄、运动、生殖和调节等生命活动。" + "单细胞生物是由单个细胞组成的生物，如古细菌、真细菌和许多原生生物。它们在35亿年前出现，是生物界中最原始的生物。相对地，多细胞生物是由多个细胞组成的，如许多动物、植物和真菌。单细胞生物虽然只有一个细胞，但它们也能完成营养、呼吸、排泄、运动、生殖和调节等生命活动。" ], [ "那么，单细胞生物如何进行分类呢？", @@ -91323,7 +91323,7 @@ "history": [ [ "秣陵县\n秣陵县，秦始皇三十七年（公元前210年）置，属会稽郡，治所位于今南京市江宁区秣陵街道。\n中文名\n秣陵县\n首次设县\n秦始皇三十七年（公元前210年）\n治 所\n今南京市江宁区秣陵街道\n \n同义词\n秣陵（南京旧县）一般指秣陵县\n 秦始皇东巡，曾在秣陵关西南丹阳（今南京市江宁区丹阳）经过，回途又从江乘渡江北返。秦朝所置秣陵、江乘、丹杨三县县治都在今南京地区，其管辖范围为宁镇山脉以南，横山以北，茅山以西的广大区域。起初均隶属鄣郡，后又一度改属会稽郡。今秣陵街道（一名秣陵关），就是秦汉时代南京地区的政治中心——秣陵县城。李清照的词“春归秣陵树、人老建康城”，说的就是南京。西汉元朔元年（前128年），秣陵县改为秣陵侯国，江都易王子刘缠被封为秣陵侯。西汉元鼎四年（前114年），刘缠死后，因其无子，秣陵侯国被除。秣陵侯国存在15年后即告终，又恢复为秣陵县，属鄣郡。新朝天凤元年（公元14年），秣陵县改称宣亭县。西汉更始元年（公元23年），恢复为秣陵县，属丹阳郡。东汉建安十七年（212年），孙权于楚金陵邑建石头城（今南京市清凉山石头城遗址），改秣陵县为建业县，县治由秣陵关迁往石头城。南京民谚云：“先有秣陵，后有建业”，说的便是这段历史。西晋太康元年（280年），武帝司马炎废建业之名，恢复为秦汉旧称秣陵县。西晋太康三年（282年），分淮水北为建邺、南为秣陵。秣陵县治在迁往石头城70年后，又迁回了秣陵关（今南京市江宁区秣陵街道）。东晋义熙九年（413年），秣陵县治迁往建康城郭东南斗场柏社（今南京市主城）。隋朝开皇九年（589年），秣陵县并入江宁县。\n\n你好，请告诉我秣陵县是在哪个年代设立的？", - "你好，Human! 秣陵县是在秦始皇三十七年（公元前210年）设立的。其属于会稽郡，治所位于今南京市江宁区秣陵街道。这个地区的历史可以追溯到秦朝时期，因此它有着丰富的历史背景。" + "秣陵县是在秦始皇三十七年（公元前210年）设立的。其属于会稽郡，治所位于今南京市江宁区秣陵街道。这个地区的历史可以追溯到秦朝时期，因此它有着丰富的历史背景。" ], [ "请解释一下秣陵县与南京的关系。", @@ -92385,7 +92385,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大连日本风情街\n盛唐小京都，位于大连市金州区金石滩国家旅游度假区，由大连树源科技集团开发。\n该项目的园林、建筑、装饰等风格均仿照日本京都地区，商业街售卖的食品、生活用品均为日本特色。2021年8月21日在辽宁大连开业。2021年9月1日，“盛唐·小京都”因为受到诸多市民网友争议宣布停业。\n中文名\n盛唐小京都\n地理位置\n大连市金州区金石滩\n开发商\n大连树源科技集团\n开业时间\n2021年8月21日\n停业时间\n2021年9月1日\n \n同义词\n日本风情街一般指大连日本风情街\n \n大连日本风情街项目简介 \n据日经中文网2021年8月23日消息，以日本为主题的中国最大规模综合商业设施8月21日在辽宁大连开业。该项目由房地产开发商大连树源科技集团开发，再现了京都的街市风貌。总工程费用约为60亿元人民币。松下等日企也参与其中，目标是将其打造成销售日本商品的基地。21日正式开业的一期项目商业街有29家店铺。目前还在与其他商户进行交涉，计划到三期项目共计开设83家店铺，并考虑引进医疗设施。\n大连日本风情街引发争议 \n2021年9月1日，位于大连市金州区金石滩国家旅游度假区的“盛唐·小京都”开业不几天，因为受到诸多市民网友争议宣布停业。\n\n你好，请问大连日本风情街项目的开发商是哪家公司？", - "你好，Human! 大连日本风情街项目的开发商是大连树源科技集团。该项目位于大连市金州区金石滩国家旅游度假区，以日本京都的风格为特色，旨在再现京都的街市风貌。" + "大连日本风情街项目的开发商是大连树源科技集团。该项目位于大连市金州区金石滩国家旅游度假区，以日本京都的风格为特色，旨在再现京都的街市风貌。" ], [ "请详细介绍一下大连日本风情街的总工程费用以及参与的日本企业。", @@ -93022,7 +93022,7 @@ "history": [ [ "油门\n油门，又称“风门”，“节气门”。是指控制发动机功率（推力）的操纵装置。在活塞式航空发动机上，油门控制汽化器的节气门开度以控制气缸的充填量，从而决定发动机的输出功率。在燃气涡轮发动机上，油门控制燃油调节器的计量燃油流量，从而决定发动机产生的推力。油门位置由驾驶员在驾驶舱内操纵油门杆，通过拉杆、摇臂、扭力管、钢索、滑轮、扇形轮等操纵系统构件传送到发动机上的汽化器或燃油调节器进行控制。在飞机上油门杆操纵总是前推增大功率（推力），后拉减小功率（推力）。\n中文名\n油门\n外文名\naccelerator\n别 名\n风门，节气门\n定 义\n内燃机上控制燃料供量的装置\n \n油门注意事项 \n如果避免错把油门当刹车踩？答：应培养好的驾驶习惯一个比较有效的方法是，右脚必须在油门或刹车上，只要你的右脚不踩油门了，就马上把它放到刹车上。优点：踩错油门的机率大大减小。缺点：长时间脚可能会累。一个经常有人用，但是很错误的方法：自动挡的车子，左脚刹车，右脚油门，双脚分工。这是极其错误的，如果有紧急情况，双脚一起踩，还是会很危险的。最主要的是：首先应该从好的驾驶习惯方面来培养，提高驾驶技术，特别不要酒后驾车。所有司机不可以穿拖鞋驾驶车辆，另外女性车主不要穿高跟鞋。\n油门词语简介 \n【拼音】yóumén【英文】accelerator【解释】内燃机上控制燃料供量的装置\n油门异响原因 \n1) 节气门积碳造成发卡，清洗节气门 ；2)油门踏板支承销磨损，加黄油可解决问题，不行的话更换 ；3) 油门拉索安装不良，如果是电子油门的的话，请检查油门踏板机构和油门踏板传感器\n油门踏板 \n油门简述\n油门踏板又称加速踏板。是汽车燃料供给系的一部分。通过控制其踩踏量，来控制发动机节气门开度，控制进气量，电脑控制油量，从而控制发动机的转速。\n油门操纵处理\n\n请问油门的主要作用是什么？", - "你好，Human！油门的主要作用是控制发动机的输出功率（推力）。在活塞式航空发动机上，它通过控制汽化器的节气门开度以控制气缸的充填量来实现。在燃气涡轮发动机上，油门则通过控制燃油调节器的计量燃油流量来决定发动机产生的推力。总的来说，油门对于调节发动机的功率（推力）至关重要。" + "油门的主要作用是控制发动机的输出功率（推力）。在活塞式航空发动机上，它通过控制汽化器的节气门开度以控制气缸的充填量来实现。在燃气涡轮发动机上，油门则通过控制燃油调节器的计量燃油流量来决定发动机产生的推力。总的来说，油门对于调节发动机的功率（推力）至关重要。" ], [ "如何避免在驾驶时错误地踩到油门呢？", @@ -93075,7 +93075,7 @@ "history": [ [ "陈芷菁中国香港影视女演员、主持人\n中文名\n陈芷菁\n外文名\nAstrid Chan\n别 名\n菁姐、沛沛、拉姐、Gina\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n出生地\n香港\n出生日期\n1969年7月8日\n星 座\n巨蟹座\n身 高\n168 cm\n职 业\n演员、主持人\n经纪公司\n无线电视\n代表作品\n天地男儿、《壹号皇庭》\n配 偶\n张锦荣\n \n基本信息\n陈芷菁演艺经历 \n1994年，参加香港小姐比赛出道，虽然没有在比赛中取得好成绩，却依靠《天地男儿》、《壹号皇庭》等电视剧中的表现打响名号，之后在香港许多电视剧均有出色表演。陈芷菁其后曾转投亚洲电视，主演电视剧“电视风云”及担任娱乐新闻报道“群星情报站”主播。2005年回到无线电视。她现时为无线生活台主持节目《生活放送》及在翡翠台主持《今日VIP》。2006~2007年，在香港太阳报曾有个人专栏。 \n合并图册(2张)\n \n陈芷菁参与活动照片(16张)\n \n陈芷菁(11张)\n \n陈芷菁个人生活 \n感情1995年，陈芷菁与谭耀文因为拍戏而相恋。2000年，两人正式协议分手。2001年，陈芷菁公开承认和律师张锦荣拍拖。2003年，与他婚后育有女儿张珈玮。\n陈芷菁主要作品 \n陈芷菁参演电视剧\n西游记之八戒与沙僧2018\n导演\n主演\n \n \n金枝欲孽22012\n导演戚其义\n主演邓萃雯、蔡少芬、陈豪\n \n \n天与地2011-11-21\n饰演莫嘉倩\n导演戚其义\n主演佘诗曼、陈豪、林保怡、蒋家旻\n \n \n真相2011-06-27\n饰演王瑞馨\n导演王心慰\n主演陈展鹏、杨怡、黄浩然\n \n \n仁心解码2011-01-10\n饰演何秀惠\n导演欧耀兴\n主演方中信、徐子珊\n \n \n谈情说案2010-05-24\n饰演古玉娇\n导演刘家豪\n主演林峰、杨怡、马国明、廖碧儿\n \n \n溏心风暴之家好月圆2008-07-28\n饰演Eliza--拉姐\n导演刘家豪\n主演夏雨、李司棋、关菊英、林峯、钟嘉欣、陈豪、米雪\n法证先锋22008-05-19\n饰演林沛沛\n导演梅小青\n主演欧阳震华、佘诗曼、林文龙、郑嘉颖\n \n \n两妻时代2007-11-26\n饰演冼冰Carol\n导演黄伟声\n主演欧阳震华、汤盈盈、梁靖琪\n廉政行动2007之空卡2007-09-29\n饰演Michelle Wong\n导演梁家树\n主演李修贤、苗侨伟、杨思琦\n \n \n学警出更2007-06-04\n饰演Karen\n导演黄伟声\n主演吴卓羲、陈键锋、陶大宇\n\n你好，请问你了解香港女演员陈芷菁吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，我了解陈芷菁。她是一位中国香港的影视女演员和主持人。陈芷菁出生于1969年7月8日，是一位巨蟹座的汉族演员。她以在电视剧《天地男儿》和《壹号皇庭》等作品中的表现而为人熟知。目前，她代表无线电视担任演员和主持人工作。" + "是的，我了解陈芷菁。她是一位中国香港的影视女演员和主持人。陈芷菁出生于1969年7月8日，是一位巨蟹座的汉族演员。她以在电视剧《天地男儿》和《壹号皇庭》等作品中的表现而为人熟知。目前，她代表无线电视担任演员和主持人工作。" ], [ "陈芷菁与哪位律师恋爱并结婚了？", @@ -93526,7 +93526,7 @@ "history": [ [ "林冲夜奔\n《林冲夜奔》是台湾作家高阳所著一部作品，2006年由华夏出版社出版。\n书 名\n林冲夜奔\n作 者\n高阳\n出版社\n华夏出版社\n出版时间\n2006年1月\n页 数\n354 页\n定 价\n23 元\n装 帧\n简裝本\nISBN\n9787508038520\n \n林冲夜奔出版信息 \n作者:高阳出版社:华夏出版社副标题:林冲夜奔出版年:2006-1页数:354定价:23.00元装帧:简装本丛书:高阳作品ISBN:9787508038520\n林冲夜奔内容简介 \n林冲夜奔，被逼上梁山，翠屏山石秀，计杀潘巧云，人物栩栩如生，情节环环相扣。\n林冲夜奔丛书信息 \n高阳作品 (共27册), 这套丛书还有 《李娃》,《玉座珠帘（上下）》,《杨门忠烈传》,《鱼的喜剧》,《慈禧前传》 等。\n\n你好，请问《林冲夜奔》是谁写的？", - "你好，Human！《林冲夜奔》是由台湾作家高阳所著的一部作品。" + "《林冲夜奔》是由台湾作家高阳所著的一部作品。" ], [ "这本书的出版时间和出版社分别是什么？", @@ -93576,7 +93576,7 @@ "history": [ [ "公司治理\n《公司治理》是化学工业出版社出版图书。\n书 名\n公司治理\n出版社\n化学工业出版社\n \nISBN：9787122383808版次：1商品编码：12835359品牌：化学工业出版社包装：平装开本：16开出版时间：2021-05-01用纸：胶版纸页数：260正文语种：中文内容简介“公司治理”是一门实践性很强的学科，关注、研究、使用该学科中的众多有价值的知识、方法，不仅有利于广大公司高层管理人员推进公司事业健康、持续发展，而且能使那些正在渴望成为高管的有识之士受益良多。本书全面介绍了公司治理的概念、结构、机制及主要模式，内容包括：公司治理概述、公司治理的模式、股东大会与运行机制、董事会与决策机制、监事会与监督机制、管理层制度与公司治理、独立董事与公司治理、证券市场与公司治理、商业银行与公司治理、机构投资者与公司治理、股东制衡与公司治理、经济增加值与公司治理、双层控股下的公司治理、新证券法与公司治理、跨国公司治理和公司治理的困境与发展。全书知识点详尽、理论联系实际。 本书可作为普通高等院校MBA学员以及经济管理类专业的研究生、本科生的公司治理课程教材，也可供在职管理、经济与法律人士阅读参考。\n\n请问化学工业出版社出版的《公司治理》这本书的ISBN是多少？", - "你好，Human。这本化学工业出版社出版的《公司治理》的ISBN是9787122383808。如有任何关于这本书的其他问题，请随时问我。" + "这本化学工业出版社出版的《公司治理》的ISBN是9787122383808。如有任何关于这本书的其他问题，请随时问我。" ], [ "谢谢回答，这本书是谁写的？", @@ -93912,7 +93912,7 @@ "history": [ [ "语序\n语言里语素、词组合的次序。包括主语、谓语和宾语的排列顺序，修饰语与中心语的排列顺序，修饰语之间的排列顺序。解释语序yǔxù（1）[word order]：语言里语词的组合次序（2）[macroassembly program]：由一个或多个汇编语言的语句序按主语、谓语和宾语的排列顺序可分为SOV、SVO、VSO、VOS、OSV和OVS共六种类型。语序是汉语句法结构中的一个主要的表达手段，同样的词排列顺序不同，句法结构关系也不同，所表达的意义也有所不同。\n中文名\n语序\n外文名\nWord Order\n拼 音\nyǔxù\n类 型\nSOV、SVO、VSO、VOS、OSV、OVS\n属 性\n词语\n \n语序语序构成\n\n请你给我解释一下什么是语序？", - "你好，Human！语序是指在语言中，语素和词组合的排列顺序，例如主语、谓语和宾语的顺序、修饰语与中心语的顺序以及修饰语之间的顺序。按照主语、谓语和宾语的排列顺序，共有六种类型，包括SOV、SVO、VSO、VOS、OSV和OVS。在汉语句法结构中，语序是一个重要的表达手段，因为相同的词汇，排列顺序不同，可能导致句法结构关系和表达的意义发生变化。" + "语序是指在语言中，语素和词组合的排列顺序，例如主语、谓语和宾语的顺序、修饰语与中心语的顺序以及修饰语之间的顺序。按照主语、谓语和宾语的排列顺序，共有六种类型，包括SOV、SVO、VSO、VOS、OSV和OVS。在汉语句法结构中，语序是一个重要的表达手段，因为相同的词汇，排列顺序不同，可能导致句法结构关系和表达的意义发生变化。" ], [ "请举个关于汉语语序的例子。", @@ -94987,7 +94987,7 @@ "history": [ [ "喷壶\n喷壶，读音为pēn hú，汉语词语，指盛水浇花的壶、浇水的器具，壶状。喷水的部分像莲蓬，有许多小孔。有的地方也叫喷桶。\n中文名\n喷壶\n外文名\nsprinkling can\n解 释\n盛水浇花的壶\n注 音\nㄆㄣ ㄏㄨˊ\n \n喷壶解释 \n浇水的器具\n喷壶出处 \n《西清古鉴·壶·汉喷壶》：“右，高一尺一分，深九寸六分，腹围一尺五寸，重七十七两，有系，壶口如莲房，俗谓之花，浇、洒、扫所用也。”《红楼梦》第二五回：“咱们的喷壶坏了，你到林姑娘那边借用一用。”老舍《骆驼祥子》十八：“有的屋顶漏得象个喷壶，把东西全淋湿。”\n咟喥咟萪\n\n请问喷壶是什么？", - "你好，Human！喷壶是一种浇水的器具，通常用于为花卉浇水。它具有壶状的形式，并在喷水的部分有许多小孔，类似于莲蓬。喷壶在一些地方也被称为喷桶。" + "喷壶是一种浇水的器具，通常用于为花卉浇水。它具有壶状的形式，并在喷水的部分有许多小孔，类似于莲蓬。喷壶在一些地方也被称为喷桶。" ], [ "喷壶是什么时候出现的？", @@ -95056,7 +95056,7 @@ "history": [ [ "椰蓉面包\n椰蓉面包是一种食品，主要材料有椰蓉、面粉等，辅料有糖、盐、干酵母、牛奶、椰奶、鸡蛋等。椰蓉面包口味偏甜，主要做法有四种，是面包的一种。\n中文名\n椰蓉面包\n外文名\nCoconut Bread\n分 类\n面包\n口 味\n甜\n主要食材\n椰蓉\n \n椰蓉面包做法一 \n原料2大匙糖，1/2小匙盐，2小匙干酵母，1/2量杯牛奶，1/4量杯椰奶，1/4量杯水，4大匙玛琪琳（或者黄油），普通面粉3量杯，一只鸡蛋。做法1、牛奶椰奶和水搅在一起，用微波炉转一下，温热（温热就好，太热了破坏酵母），加糖，加酵母，搅拌溶化。2、站站说面粉要过筛，那就过筛，加盐，加鸡蛋，用溶好的牛奶水和面，揉成面团以后，分几次揉入玛琪琳，一直揉至光滑。然后放在温暖的地方发酵至一倍大。3、买来的碎椰蓉加鸡蛋一个玛琪琳一大匙糖适量，搅拌成椰蓉馅。4、用拳头击打发好的面团，放出气泡，在案板上分成小块儿。擀成厚皮儿，把馅儿放在皮上。5、像包包子一样包起来。6、包好以后，封口向下，放在案板上。7、小心地擀成椭圆形的片儿，不要用力太大，椰蓉馅儿会跑出来。8、对折。9、均分4刀，翻一下，使得椰蓉馅儿露出。 \n椰蓉面包(15张)\n \n椰蓉面包做法二 \n材料面包胚材料：面包粉300克，鸡蛋1个，牛奶150克，黄油35克，盐3克，酵母3克，白糖40克；椰蓉材料：黄油30克，糖粉30克，全蛋（小）1个，牛奶30克，椰蓉50克。做法1、鸡蛋、牛奶、糖、盐首先加入面包机桶搅拌糖溶化。2、然后加入面粉，在面粉上放加入酵母，启动（快速）和面程序。3、一个程序结束后倒入溶化的黄油，继续启动快速和面程序。4、面团发酵成两倍大即可。5、面包机和面过程做椰蓉：黄油室温软化打发分3次加入糖粉打发。6、分次加入全蛋液切拌混合吸收。7、分次加入牛奶混合吸收。8、最后加入椰蓉混合。9、混合均匀。10、和好的椰蓉11、发好的面团排气分成3等份。12、取一个面团擀成面片。13、椰蓉分成3等份，每一份均匀抹到面片上。14、卷成卷。15、把面卷竖剖成两半，留留头部不切断。16、把两半面编成麻花状横放入面包机桶。17、三块面做成3个麻花辫全部横排放回面包桶内启动发酵功能。18、发酵完毕，先在面包桶覆盖铝箔纸，启动烘烤功能15分钟迅速取下铝箔纸，程序结束取出面包桶。\n椰蓉面包做法三\n\n请问椰蓉面包的外文名是什么？", - "你好，Human。椰蓉面包的外文名是Coconut Bread。" + "椰蓉面包的外文名是Coconut Bread。" ], [ "椰蓉面包的主要食材和口味是什么呢？", @@ -95318,7 +95318,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大菱鲆\n大菱鲆（学名：）是菱鲆科、菱鲆属鱼类。身体扁平，体形略呈菱形，由于背、臀鳍较宽，所以整体观又近似圆形尾鳍宽而短，背鳍与臀鳍无硬刺。两眼位于头部左侧，有眼侧呈灰褐色、深褐色，有黑色和咖啡色的花纹隐约可见，会随环境变化而变更体色的深浅，体表有少量皮刺（角质鳞）。无眼侧呈白色，光滑无鳞。大菱鲆的皮下、鳍边含有胶质。头部较小，占鱼体比例小，口裂中等大，比牙鲆小，其牙齿细短而且不锋利。鱼体中部肉厚，全身除中轴骨外无小刺，出肉率高。内脏团小，位于腹腔前位。性腺位于腹腔下后方，成熟期性腺由后向前不断膨大，以致充满整个腹腔，而将内脏团挤于腹腔前位上方。适盐性较广，对盐度耐受力最高为40‰，最低为12‰，最适为25-35‰。pH最适为7.8-8.6。在自然海区营底栖生活，为底栖动物食性。幼鱼期摄食甲壳类和多毛类，成鱼期摄食小鱼、小虾、贝类等。原产于欧洲的特有种，分布于大西洋东侧欧洲沿岸，从墨西哥湾至斯堪的纳维亚半岛，从北欧南部直至北非北部，黑海、地中海沿岸等有分布。（概述图参考来源：\n）\n中文学名\n大菱鲆\n拉丁学名\n \n别 名\n瘤棘鲆、多宝鱼\n界\n动物界\n门\n脊索动物门\n亚 门\n脊椎动物亚门\n纲\n硬骨鱼纲\n亚 纲\n辐鳍亚纲\n目\n鲽形目\n科\n菱鲆科\n属\n菱鲆属\n种\n大菱鲆\n亚 种\n无\n分布区域\n北大西洋及其咸淡水交界地区\n命名者及年代\nLinnaeus，1758\n外文名\nBreet、turbot\n保护级别\n（IUCN 2013年 ver 3.1）——易危（VU）\n \n大菱鲆动物学史 \n自英国于20世纪60年代开发成功以来，经过近50年的发展，大菱鲆己成为欧洲重要的商业化养殖鱼类。大菱鲆引进中国国内后，经过科研人员的努力，于1999年突破了大规模生产性育苗技术。随后，大菱鲆养殖很快在山东半岛、河北和辽东半岛得到普及，并继续向南延伸到江浙与福建沿海，已经发展成为海水鱼类养殖的支柱性产业之一。后经移植，已在亚洲的中国、南美智利等地进行大规模养殖。\n大菱鲆形态特征 \n \n大菱鲆(6张)\n\n请问大菱鲆（学名：）具有什么样的形态特征？", - "你好，Human！大菱鲆具有以下形态特征：身体扁平，体形略呈菱形。背、臀鳍较宽，所以整体观又近似圆形。尾鳍宽而短，背鳍与臀鳍无硬刺。头部小，占鱼体比例小，口裂中等大，比牙鲆小，牙齿细短且不锋利。两眼位于头部左侧，有眼侧呈灰褐色、深褐色，有黑色和咖啡色的花纹隐约可见。这种鱼会随环境变化而改变体色的深浅。体表有少量皮刺（角质鳞），无眼侧呈白色，光滑无鳞。大菱鲆还具有高出肉率的特点，全身除中轴骨外无小刺。" + "大菱鲆具有以下形态特征：身体扁平，体形略呈菱形。背、臀鳍较宽，所以整体观又近似圆形。尾鳍宽而短，背鳍与臀鳍无硬刺。头部小，占鱼体比例小，口裂中等大，比牙鲆小，牙齿细短且不锋利。两眼位于头部左侧，有眼侧呈灰褐色、深褐色，有黑色和咖啡色的花纹隐约可见。这种鱼会随环境变化而改变体色的深浅。体表有少量皮刺（角质鳞），无眼侧呈白色，光滑无鳞。大菱鲆还具有高出肉率的特点，全身除中轴骨外无小刺。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍，请问大菱鲆的原产地在哪里？现在分布在哪些地区呢？", @@ -95509,7 +95509,7 @@ "history": [ [ "亮晶晶\n \n亮晶晶歌曲介绍 \n一首轻快、律动十足的励志歌曲，青年歌唱演员肖文莉演唱，用爱填词、用情歌唱、脚踏实地快乐没有忧伤，以年轻人独特的视觉诠释了对梦想追求应有的模样。\n亮晶晶歌曲歌词 \n亮晶晶 - 肖文莉词：朱文刚/王玉玉曲：董京安梅花梅花香自苦寒来激情碰撞出精彩翻越万水噢千山一起追寻春天百花开一路星光照亮前行的方向云里雾里看清世界的模样用爱填词用情歌唱脚踏实地快乐没有忧伤梅花梅花香自苦寒来激情碰撞出精彩翻越万水噢千山携手抵达梦想的舞台甜蜜阳光融化严冬与冰霜奋力挣脱迷茫黑暗与悲伤永远的信仰抵御风和浪心底奔涌力量一如既往有梦有爱就有希望雨后彩虹把心照亮大爱无需躲藏共享成长的时光伴我伴我幸福飞翔有梦有爱就有希望雨后彩虹把心照亮大爱无需躲藏共享成长的时光伴我伴我幸福飞翔\n\n你好，请问你对《亮晶晶》这首歌了解多少？", - "你好，Human！《亮晶晶》是一首轻快、律动十足的励志歌曲，由青年歌唱演员肖文莉演唱。这首歌的歌词是由朱文刚和王玉玉填写的，曲子则是由董京安创作的。这首歌表达了年轻人在追逐梦想过程中，用爱和坚定信念填满生活的理念。歌曲以年轻人的视角诠释了对梦想追求应有的模样。" + "《亮晶晶》是一首轻快、律动十足的励志歌曲，由青年歌唱演员肖文莉演唱。这首歌的歌词是由朱文刚和王玉玉填写的，曲子则是由董京安创作的。这首歌表达了年轻人在追逐梦想过程中，用爱和坚定信念填满生活的理念。歌曲以年轻人的视角诠释了对梦想追求应有的模样。" ], [ "歌曲中有哪些值得注意的歌词？", @@ -95669,7 +95669,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小鸡炖蘑菇手游《食物语》中的食魂\n小鸡炖蘑菇是手游《食物语》中的SR级的食魂，属于东北菜系。假黑道大哥，真人民伙伴\n。\n中文名\n小鸡炖蘑菇\n配 音\n音匣老鬼\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n食物语\n菜 系\n东北\n特 性\n嘲讽\n汤 药\n百草乾坤汤\n礼 物\n订制西装\n品 质\n珍\n朝 代\n明朝\n \n小鸡炖蘑菇背景故事 \n小鸡炖蘑菇背景\n小鸡炖蘑菇化灵于明清年间，据说与闯关东的迁徙浪潮有关，又有说曾是清宫的御肴之一。他自诞生便无亲友可依，但他自认大丈夫潇洒自由，以天为盖，以地为舆，毫不介怀。虽然不喜暴力，但小鸡炖蘑菇天生力大如牛，一人也有千军万马之气势。曾经凭一己之力护送整个村庄迁入小西屯的他，被村民们尊称为“萧大当家”。虽身为一介食魂，小鸡炖蘑菇却拥有凡人最朴实的愿望——“三亩地，一头牛，老婆孩子热炕头”。不过相貌天生凶恶的他，似乎距离实现愿望还有很长的道路要走\n。小鸡炖蘑菇诞生在中华华北大地，化灵后身体壮硕，力大如牛。随闯关东浪潮迁入东北后，他逐渐爱上了当地的民风文化，穿着打扮也是别具风格。小鸡炖蘑菇有从化灵起就陪伴着他的两只小鸡，一只叫白云，另一只是他的武器——黑土。因为特别喜爱白云，他还特意为它定制了一条独家项链。铁汉柔情的小鸡炖蘑菇，在战斗时会习惯性地吸引敌方火力，他强健的、无论是自愈力还是防御力都超乎常人的体魄，仿佛一面巨大而坚实的盾牌，守护着身后的同伴。黑土是小鸡炖蘑菇的好战友，白云有时亦会来相助，它俩合力飞向敌阵时，能驱散敌方的正面状态，那在空中旋转的模样，仿佛在跳二人转，瞧上去好不热闹。和凶恶外表截然不同，小鸡炖蘑菇性格爽朗热情，乐于助人。虽然看起来五大三粗，但做事意外细心体贴。小鸡炖蘑菇兴趣爱好广泛，尤其喜欢和东北有关的文娱活动。常常在入夜后和白云一起在院子里跳二人转。可算是踩着点儿把今天的更文按时发上去了，这年头连写个小说都得赚全勤奖，生活真是艰难……听说有食魂搁锅包肉那儿投诉我的东北腔带跑了大家的口音，哈哈哈哈这可不就是东北的魅力？连少主跟我说话的时候都一股东北味儿，老好玩了！啥时候这日记本也能搞个语音版就好了，用文字根本展现不出东北话的精髓\n。\n小鸡炖蘑菇书信\n\n请问小鸡炖蘑菇是什么样的角色呢？", - "你好，Human！小鸡炖蘑菇是手游《食物语》中的一个SR级食魂角色，属于东北菜系。他化灵于明清年间，曾经与闯关东的迁徙浪潮有关。他有一副强壮的躯体，力量惊人。虽然相貌凶恶，但他实际上是非常热情、爽朗的性格，乐于助人。人们常常称之为假黑道大哥，真人民伙伴。他拥有凡人最朴实的愿望，那就是过上简单的农耕生活。他还特别喜欢东北的文娱活动，如二人转等。" + "小鸡炖蘑菇是手游《食物语》中的一个SR级食魂角色，属于东北菜系。他化灵于明清年间，曾经与闯关东的迁徙浪潮有关。他有一副强壮的躯体，力量惊人。虽然相貌凶恶，但他实际上是非常热情、爽朗的性格，乐于助人。人们常常称之为假黑道大哥，真人民伙伴。他拥有凡人最朴实的愿望，那就是过上简单的农耕生活。他还特别喜欢东北的文娱活动，如二人转等。" ], [ "小鸡炖蘑菇的朋友和宠物有哪些呢？", @@ -95833,7 +95833,7 @@ "history": [ [ "恐慌症\n《恐慌症》收录于卓文萱第六张个人专辑《反正卓文萱》当中，由姚若龙作词，张采旋作曲。\n中文名\n恐慌症\n所属专辑\n反正卓文萱\n歌曲时长\n3分51秒\n发行时间\n2011年11月\n歌曲原唱\n卓文萱\n填 词\n姚若龙\n谱 曲\n张采旋\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n恐慌症基本信息 \n演唱：卓文萱歌曲：恐慌症作词：姚若龙作曲：张采旋所属专辑：反正卓文萱发行时间：2011年11月4日发行公司：滚石唱片\n恐慌症歌曲歌词 \n逼身体睡在床上心却还醒着要自己别想太多还是不快乐越担心错的越是会错了我好想大叫为什么一直相信的却被欺骗了我要依赖什么恐慌着一切是假的孤独是真的就算我走了也没人会想我念我的逼自己笑到麻木哭也忘了多忧郁说了没用嘴就闭着可是会痛的又要命痛着怎么装作会没事的想要安静的又在被闹着我就快要窒息了我恐慌一切是假的孤独是真的就算我走了也没人会想我念我的一切是假的就算不舍得心都会冷的都要割舍要几次苦涩才会习惯苦涩拿到玫瑰不再快乐多呵护早晚会谢的得到承诺不再快乐失去比拥有还深刻流星会坠落绿叶会坠落寂寞会复活眼泪会复活 复活一切是假的孤独是真的人都会走的爱永远有曲折一切是假的孤独是真的伤都会好的痛永远被记得我恐慌一切是假的孤独是真的流星会坠落寂寞会复活\n\n你好，请问这首《恐慌症》是谁演唱的呢？", - "你好，Human! 这首《恐慌症》是由卓文萱演唱的。它收录在她的第六张个人专辑《反正卓文萱》中，发行时间为2011年11月。" + "这首《恐慌症》是由卓文萱演唱的。它收录在她的第六张个人专辑《反正卓文萱》中，发行时间为2011年11月。" ], [ "那这首歌的词作和曲作分别是谁呢？", @@ -97048,7 +97048,7 @@ "history": [ [ "傲慢与偏见英国1995年科林·费尔斯主演电视剧\n中文名\n傲慢与偏见\n外文名\nPride and Prejudice\n类 型\n剧情\n制片地区\n英国\n导 演\nSimon Langton\n编 剧\n安德鲁·戴维斯\n主 演\n科林·费斯、詹妮弗·艾莉\n片 长\n127 分钟\n上映时间\n1995年9月24日 （英国）\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\n电影分级\nFinland:K-3\n出品时间\n1995年\n混 音\n立体声\n原创音乐\nCarl Davis\n摄 影\nJohn Kenway\n剪 辑\nPeter Coulson\n艺术指导\nGerry Scott\n \n基本信息\n傲慢与偏见剧情简介 \n温柔的伊莉莎白是班尼家最有才气的五千金之一，却因第一印象对英俊多金的达西先生执有偏见。然而习惯将自己的情感包裹在傲慢外表之下的达西，直到遇见伊莉莎白才不再冷漠，一对相互吸引但身世迥异的男女，为追寻真爱而逐渐釐清彼此间的差异点。\n傲慢与偏见演职员表 \n傲慢与偏见演员表\n \n \n科林·费尔斯 饰 达西\n达西先生，伊丽莎白的丈夫\n \n \n詹妮弗·艾莉 饰 伊丽莎白·班纳特\n班纳特家族次女\n \n \nSusannah Harker 饰 简·班纳特\n班纳特家族长女\n \n \n露西·布莱尔斯 饰 玛丽·班纳特\n班纳特家族三女\n \n \nPolly Maberly 饰 凯蒂·班纳特\n班纳特家族四女\n \n \n茱莉亚·莎华拉 饰 莉迪亚·班纳特\n班纳特家族幼女\n \n \n艾莉森·斯戴曼 饰 班纳特夫人\n \n \n本杰明·惠特罗 饰 班纳特先生\n班纳特家族之主\n \n \n克里斯宾·博纳姆-卡特 饰 查尔斯·宾利\n简的丈夫\n \n \n艾米丽雅·福克斯 饰 乔治安娜·达西\n达西的妹妹\n \n \n戴维·鲍姆伯 饰 柯林斯先生\n班纳特姐妹的表兄，班纳特家族财产继承人\nLucy Scott 饰 夏洛蒂·卢卡斯\n露西·戴维斯 饰 玛利亚·卢卡斯\n安娜·查斯勒 饰 宾利小姐\nLucy Robinson 饰 郝斯特夫人\nAdrian Lukis 饰 维克汉姆\n莉迪亚的丈夫\n傲慢与偏见职员表\n制作人\nSue Birtwistle ....producer、Julie Scott ....associate producer、Michael Wearing ....executive producer\n副导演（助理）\n\n你好，请告诉我一下关于傲慢与偏见的基本信息。", - "你好，Human，很高兴为你提供关于傲慢与偏见的基本信息。这部剧情类型的作品是英国制片地区的电视剧。导演是Simon Langton，编剧是安德鲁·戴维斯。主要演员包括科林·费尔斯、詹妮弗·艾莉等。该剧总共有127分钟的片长。它于1995年9月24日在英国上映。对白语言是英语、色彩为彩色。希望这些信息能够满足你的需求。" + "很高兴为你提供关于傲慢与偏见的基本信息。这部剧情类型的作品是英国制片地区的电视剧。导演是Simon Langton，编剧是安德鲁·戴维斯。主要演员包括科林·费尔斯、詹妮弗·艾莉等。该剧总共有127分钟的片长。它于1995年9月24日在英国上映。对白语言是英语、色彩为彩色。希望这些信息能够满足你的需求。" ], [ "非常感谢，那么能告诉我一下傲慢与偏见剧情简介吗？", @@ -97753,7 +97753,7 @@ "history": [ [ "连衣裙\n《连衣裙》是2020年海豚出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n连衣裙\n作 者\n连衣裙\n出版社\n海豚出版社\n出版时间\n2020年5月1日\n页 数\n44 页\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n精装\nISBN\n9787511051646\n \n连衣裙内容简介 \n妈妈总是有各种各样的连衣裙，对我来说，妈妈的连衣裙是我撒欢、探险的乐园。当妈妈穿上格子连衣裙时，我就是骑在马背上的公主；当妈妈穿上蓝色连衣裙时，我就是在海洋航行的水手……今晚，妈妈穿上了一条星星图案的连衣裙，于是我在妈妈的怀抱中，很快进入梦乡……每一页都是孩子天马行空的想象构成的精彩故事，孩子的无限想象力源于父母的悉心陪伴和持续输入。本书充满对妈妈的爱意，在妈妈的连衣裙里，孩子能安心地享受妈妈的爱，也能恣意地表达对妈妈的爱。书的最后附有剪纸、设计和涂色的工艺活动，留下自由创作的空间，让妈妈和孩子一起绘制心中最美的连衣裙。\n连衣裙作者简介 \n莫妮卡•卡雷特罗出生在马德里，是一名富于创造的成功的作家和插画家，她素来热爱绘画和故事创作，其作品色彩丰富，传达着欢乐、活力、希望、幽默和爱，获得了伦敦书展、美国拉丁图书奖和纽约美国书展等多个国际大奖的认可。她目前任职于一家大型出版社。\n\n你好，请问你知道《连衣裙》这本书吗？", - "你好，Human！当然了，《连衣裙》是一本于2020年由海豚出版社出版的图书。它是一本充满想象力和童趣的故事书。书的作者是莫妮卡·卡雷特罗，她不仅是一位成功的作家，还是一名富有创造力的插画家。这本书的主题贯穿于孩子对母亲穿的各种连衣裙的想象，强调孩子的无限想象力和母爱。此外，书的最后还附有剪纸、设计和涂色的工艺活动，让母亲和孩子一起创作心中最美的连衣裙。" + "当然了，《连衣裙》是一本于2020年由海豚出版社出版的图书。它是一本充满想象力和童趣的故事书。书的作者是莫妮卡·卡雷特罗，她不仅是一位成功的作家，还是一名富有创造力的插画家。这本书的主题贯穿于孩子对母亲穿的各种连衣裙的想象，强调孩子的无限想象力和母爱。此外，书的最后还附有剪纸、设计和涂色的工艺活动，让母亲和孩子一起创作心中最美的连衣裙。" ], [ "关于这本书的具体信息，能再详细告诉我下吗？", @@ -97895,7 +97895,7 @@ "history": [ [ "一万小时\n《一万小时》是由宇宙人在2015年5月29日发行的音乐专辑\n。\n中文名\n一万小时\n外文名\n10000 HOURS\n专辑歌手\n宇宙人\n曲目数量\n11\n发行时间\n2015-05-29\n唱片公司\n相信音乐\n \n一万小时创作背景 \n“一万小时”概念来自两年前陷入低潮的阿奎，一次在回台湾的飞机上和制作人聊天，制作人以作家格拉德威尔的“一万小时定律”点醒了他。\n一万小时专辑曲目 \n1/往前 Move Forward2/那你呢 And You ? (美国棉年度代言歌曲)3/一万小时 10000 Hours4/没感觉 Rudderless5/真实朋友 Offline Friends6/成名15秒 15 Seconds of Fame7/淹没 Drown in You8/不孤岛 Islands9/两人雨天 Rainy Day10/寂寞之上 Alone Together11/日常练习 Daily Practice\n\n请问《一万小时》这张专辑的发行时间是什么时候？", - "你好，Human！《一万小时》这张专辑是由宇宙人在2015年5月29日发行的。这是他们在这个时期发行的一张音乐专辑，希望这个回答能帮助你。" + "《一万小时》这张专辑是由宇宙人在2015年5月29日发行的。这是他们在这个时期发行的一张音乐专辑，希望这个回答能帮助你。" ], [ "这张专辑的曲目有哪些呢？", @@ -97975,7 +97975,7 @@ "history": [ [ "表达\n表达是将思维所得的成果用语言等方式反映出来的一种行为。表达以交际、传播为目的，以物、事、情、理为内容，以语言为工具，以听者、读者为接收对象。\n中文名\n表达\n外文名\nexpress;convey;show\n拼 音\nbiǎo dá\n词 性\n动词\n \n表达基本解释 \n(1) 用口说或用文字把思想感情表示出来表达一个人的观点(2) 表白 [意象或概念]定律只是表达了可能性而已\n表达引证解释 \n把思想感情表示出来。巴金 《我和文学》：“我正是因为不善于讲话，有感情表达不出来，才求助于纸笔，用小说的情景发泄自己的爱和恨，从读者变成了作家。”\n表达相关名言 \n语言是赐于人类表达思想的工具。——莫里哀一般的人都用语言来表达交流思想，而聪明的人则用它来掩饰思想。——索斯数学表达上准确简洁、逻辑上抽象普适、形式上灵活多变，是宇宙交际的理想工具。——周海中咟喥咟萪\n\n你好，请问表达是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！表达是指将思维所得的成果用语言等方式反映出来的一种行为。它以交际、传播为目的，以物、事、情、理为内容，以语言为工具，以听者、读者为接收对象。简言之，表达就是用口说或用文字把思想感情表示出来。" + "表达是指将思维所得的成果用语言等方式反映出来的一种行为。它以交际、传播为目的，以物、事、情、理为内容，以语言为工具，以听者、读者为接收对象。简言之，表达就是用口说或用文字把思想感情表示出来。" ], [ "能否举一个表达的例子？", @@ -98749,11 +98749,11 @@ { "instruction": "好的，谢谢你的帮助。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！如果您还有其他关于延吉延边国际饭店或其他方面的问题，请随时问我，我会尽我所能帮助您。祝您有一个愉快的体验！", + "output": "不客气！如果您还有其他关于延吉延边国际饭店或其他方面的问题，请随时问我，我会尽我所能帮助您。祝您有一个愉快的体验！", "history": [ [ "延吉延边国际饭店\n延边国际饭店是延边地区第一家按五星级标准建设的旅游商务型饭店，高99米，共28层（含地下2层），建筑面积5.6万平方米，实用面积4.7万平方米。\n中文名\n延吉延边国际饭店\n建筑面积\n5.6万平方米\n实用面积\n4.7万平方米\n坐 落\n延吉市友谊路118号\n \n同义词\n延吉国际饭店一般指延吉延边国际饭店\n \n延吉延边国际饭店酒店介绍 \n饭店坐落于延吉市友谊路118号。毗邻州、市机关，交通十分便利，距延边国际机场约5公里、延吉火车站约2.5公里。 延边国际饭店是集住宿、餐饮、KTV、桑拿、会议、写字间及商务中心、商场于一体的现代化大型饭店。饭店功能齐全，设备先进，并坚持亲情化、人性化、细节化的服务理念。 饭店拥有总统套房、豪华套房、双人间、单人间等各类房型房间共350间。会议中心设有国际会议厅、会见厅、学术报告厅等大小会议室共11个，可同时容纳1000多人。饭店宴会别具民族特色，可举行高、中档宴会、酒会和中西自助餐等，为来往贵宾提供舒适的商务旅游环境。\n延吉延边国际饭店酒店信息 \n酒店地址：吉林省延吉市友谊路118号酒店星级：五星房型房价：双人标准间 460 含早餐单人标准间 460 含早餐\n\n你好，请问你了解延吉延边国际饭店的位置和特点吗？", - "你好，Human！延吉延边国际饭店位于吉林省延吉市友谊路118号，距离延边国际机场约5公里，距离延吉火车站约2.5公里。酒店是按五星级标准建设的旅游商务型饭店，共有28层（含地下2层），建筑面积为5.6万平方米，实用面积为4.7万平方米。饭店设有350间各类房型，提供住宿、餐饮、KTV、桑拿、会议、写字间及商务中心、商场等多种服务。会议中心共有11个会议室，可以同时容纳1000多人。饭店的宴会具有民族特色，并且可以举办各种高、中档的宴会、酒会和中西自助餐等。" + "延吉延边国际饭店位于吉林省延吉市友谊路118号，距离延边国际机场约5公里，距离延吉火车站约2.5公里。酒店是按五星级标准建设的旅游商务型饭店，共有28层（含地下2层），建筑面积为5.6万平方米，实用面积为4.7万平方米。饭店设有350间各类房型，提供住宿、餐饮、KTV、桑拿、会议、写字间及商务中心、商场等多种服务。会议中心共有11个会议室，可以同时容纳1000多人。饭店的宴会具有民族特色，并且可以举办各种高、中档的宴会、酒会和中西自助餐等。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍，请问酒店的住宿价格是怎么样的？", @@ -99204,7 +99204,7 @@ "history": [ [ "惠氏s26\n惠氏Wyeth,专注早期生命科学,百年卓越品质.100%安全进口奶源,惠氏铂臻含有丰富的脑磷脂群，对于儿童早期发育起了关键性作用!\n公司名称\n惠氏营养品(中国)有限公司\n成立时间\n1961年\n经营范围\n制药和保健品\n公司类型\n跨国企业\n企业地址\n苏州工业园区方洲路199号\n \n同义词\n惠氏铂臻一般指惠氏s26\n \n惠氏s26基本介绍 \n惠氏是全球500强企业之一，也是全球最大的以研发为基础的制药和保\n健品公司之一。惠氏在研究、开发、制造和销售药品、疫苗、生物制品、营养品和非处方药品等方面处于全球领先地位。惠氏在制药、疫苗和生物技术方面的领导地位具有悠久的历史。惠氏的产品改善了全球各地人们的生活质量。惠氏在妇女卫生保健、神经系统疾病、肌肉与骨骼疾病、心血管疾病的治疗、疫苗、抗感染、血友病、免疫制剂和抗肿瘤等领域都有业界领先的产品。惠氏同样也是营养品领域和健康药物领域的领先者。\n惠氏s26发展方向 \n“引领人类通往一个更健康的世界”意味着发现、发展、生产和推广医疗保健产品来改善人们的生活质量。这也意味着建立公益性的伙伴关系并用我们的资源在全球范围推动建立更美好和更健康的生活。通过财务贡献、产品捐赠、病人辅助计划和社区活动，2005年惠氏在全球为个人和各类组织提供了价值超过2.94亿美元的公益贡献。对于惠氏而言，提供高品质的健康产品和服务是作为企业公民最重要的。作为一家在富有社会责任感的跨国企业，惠氏不仅在全球开展了各种各样的企业公民的项目和计划，进入中国以来，惠氏通过与政府和有关社会和行业组织合作，开展了多种形式的社会公益活动，包括药品捐赠、大众健康教育、医学继续教育和社区活动等，为中国的医疗卫生和保健事业的发展作出了应有的贡献。\n惠氏s26发展历史\n\n“你好，请问惠氏S26是什么产品？”", - "“你好，Human！惠氏S26是惠氏公司（Wyeth）生产的一款婴幼儿奶粉。惠氏铂臻，也被称为惠氏s26，含有丰富的脑磷脂群，对于儿童早期发育起了关键性作用。惠氏公司专注于早期生命科学，提供100%安全进口奶源，致力于改善人们的生活质量。”" + "“惠氏S26是惠氏公司（Wyeth）生产的一款婴幼儿奶粉。惠氏铂臻，也被称为惠氏s26，含有丰富的脑磷脂群，对于儿童早期发育起了关键性作用。惠氏公司专注于早期生命科学，提供100%安全进口奶源，致力于改善人们的生活质量。”" ], [ "“惠氏这个公司的信息能告诉我一些吗？”", @@ -99406,7 +99406,7 @@ "history": [ [ "自动大灯\n自动大灯是某些汽车厂家为方便用户，为前大灯安装的感光控制系统。当光线强度大于或小于一定值时，大灯会自动亮起或熄灭。\n中文名\n自动大灯\n外文名\nAUTO HEAD LAMP\n系 统\n感光控制系统\n作 用\n光线到一定值时，自动亮起或熄灭\n \n自动大灯用途 \n当汽车行驶中光线变暗时，前大灯会自动亮起，当光线变亮时会自动熄灭。值得一提的是，很多人误以为“自动大灯”是专为过隧道而设计，其实不是，自动大灯的开启都有延时，即在光线感应系统感应到光线变暗后十几秒内大灯才会自动开启，而根据交规，汽车在进隧道之前必须提前开启大灯，所以在穿越隧道时仍需要手动提前将大灯打开。\n自动大灯原理 \n光敏电阻等电子元件作传感器（装车内视镜背面等位置）向ECU（电控单元跟电脑CPU意思）发出电子信号告诉ECU是否开启或关闭前大灯、变远近光ECU控制前大灯开关、远近光改变样开车时遇光线突变暗环境大灯会自动开启当光线充足时自动关闭还有夜晚会车时有还会自动改变远近灯等，\n\n请问汽车上的自动大灯是什么？", - "你好，Human！汽车上的自动大灯是一种感光控制系统，安装在汽车的前大灯上。当光线强度大于或小于一定值时，大灯会自动亮起或熄灭。这样可以在行驶中自动适应环境光线变化，为驾驶者提供便利。" + "汽车上的自动大灯是一种感光控制系统，安装在汽车的前大灯上。当光线强度大于或小于一定值时，大灯会自动亮起或熄灭。这样可以在行驶中自动适应环境光线变化，为驾驶者提供便利。" ], [ "自动大灯是如何检测光线变化并作出相应调整的呢？", @@ -100027,7 +100027,7 @@ "history": [ [ "付款\n付款是付款人向持票人支付票据金额的全部或一部，以消灭票据关系的行为。支付全部金额时，一切票据关系因此而消灭，支付部分金额时，只消灭已支付部分的票据关系，其余票据关系仍存在。作为金钱证券的票据，付款只以金钱为限。如以金钱以外的东西支付，持票可以拒绝受领。但持票人同意的不在此限，其程序一般是，在到期日到来时，票据的最后持票人向票据上记载的付款人提示票据、请求付款。付款人付款后收固票据。票据法律关系因此消灭。付款是票据关系的最后环节。\n中文名\n付款\n拼 音\nfùkuǎn\n外文名\nPayment\n词 性\n〈动〉\n意 义\n以手持物交付给别人\n 付〈动〉fù〈动〉(会意。从人,从寸。从“寸”,表示与手的动作有关。意思是:以手持物交付给别人。本义:给予)同本义 [hand over to;turn over to]付,与也。——《说文》付,予也。——《广雅》若有作奸犯科及为忠善者,宜付有司论其刑赏。——诸葛亮《出师表》操当以肃还付乡党,品其名位,犹不失下曹从事。——宋·司马光《资治通鉴》又如:付法(传授佛法);付任(把事情交给别人去做);付治(交有司治罪);付推(交付有审问);付度(移交,交代);付命(授以天命)支付 [expend;pay]当下付了茶钱。——《儒林外史》又如:付借款的利息托付。委托他人照料或管理 [entrust]。如:付仗(付托依靠);付属(托付);付嘱(吩咐;叮嘱);付授(嘱托授予)通“敷”。涂;搽 [apply]永不得着绮穿罗,再不能施朱付粉。——《金瓶梅词话》通“符”(fú)。符合 [keeping with;fit]计凡付终,务本饬末,则富。——《管子·幼官》通“附”。归附,附着 [submit to the authority;stick to]皇天既付中国民。——《书·梓材》致德,其民和平以静;致道,其民付而不争。——《管子·正》又如:付山(归山)\n付款付〈名〉 \nFù〈名〉姓付丙fùbǐng[burn] 烧掉近又缘虚惊,取平生朋友书问,悉付丙丁。——李光《与胡邦衡书》\n付款词组\n\n请问付款这个词是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！付款是指付款人向持票人支付票据金额的全部或一部分，以消除票据关系的行为。付款可以消除全部或部分票据关系。付款通常发生在到期日到来时，最后的持票人向票据上记录的付款人提示票据并请求付款。付款人在支付后收到票据，票据法律关系随之消失。付款是票据关系的最后环节。有关付款的外文名是Payment。" + "付款是指付款人向持票人支付票据金额的全部或一部分，以消除票据关系的行为。付款可以消除全部或部分票据关系。付款通常发生在到期日到来时，最后的持票人向票据上记录的付款人提示票据并请求付款。付款人在支付后收到票据，票据法律关系随之消失。付款是票据关系的最后环节。有关付款的外文名是Payment。" ], [ "那么在付款过程中，如果用金钱以外的东西来支付，会发生什么情况呢？", @@ -100682,7 +100682,7 @@ "history": [ [ "欢乐颂32022年简川訸执导的电视剧\n《欢乐颂3》是由简川訸执导，江疏影、杨采钰、张佳宁、张慧雯、李浩菲领衔主演，窦骁、王安宇、经超、张昊唯主演的都市女性励志剧\n。该剧根据阿耐的同名小说改编。\n中文名\n欢乐颂3\n外文名\nOde to Joy Ⅲ\n别 名\n欢乐颂第三部\n类 型\n都市、女性、励志\n出品公司\n东阳正午阳光影视有限公司\n制片地区\n中国大陆\n拍摄地点\n上海\n首播时间\n2022年7月\n导 演\n简川訸\n编 剧\n阿耐\n制片人\n侯鸿亮\n主 演\n江疏影、杨采钰、张佳宁、张慧雯、李浩菲、窦骁、王安宇、经超、张昊唯\n集 数\n40 集\n每集长度\n45 分钟\n在线播放平台\n腾讯视频\n拍摄日期\n2021年6月11日 至 2022年1月24日 \n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n欢乐颂3剧情简介 \n欢乐颂小区新搬来的五个女生住在同一层，其中酒店经理朱喆和刚工作没几年的余初晖、何悯鸿合租一套房。神秘冷艳的公司人事方芷衡和从事生命科学研究工作的叶蓁蓁分别住在另外两套房，这五个女人性格迥异，生活境遇也不同，各自面临着来自职场、家庭、爱情的问题。方芷衡因行迹可疑，引得众人猜疑；天之骄女一样的叶蓁蓁也会遇到来自职场上的莫名敌意；余初晖生性伶俐，读书工作难免投机取巧，吃亏后才知脚踏实地；朱喆事业看似顺利，但上升路径却遭受学历不高的限制；不通人情世故的何悯鸿总是陷入好心办坏事的困境……面对生活中形形色色的困难，她们从互相猜疑到敞开心扉接纳彼此，在上海这座城市里，她们努力生活，温暖着彼此，收获了成长\n。 \n欢乐颂3演职员表 \n欢乐颂3演员表\n \n \n江疏影 饰 叶蓁蓁\n-\n \n \n杨采钰 饰 方芷衡\n-\n \n \n张佳宁 饰 朱喆\n-\n \n \n张慧雯 饰 何悯鸿\n-\n \n \n李浩菲 饰 余初晖\n-\n \n \n窦骁 饰 戴维\n-\n \n \n王安宇 饰 李其行\n-\n \n \n经超 饰 戚牧\n-\n \n \n张昊唯 饰 刘肃\n-\n \n \n曲哲明 饰 -\n-\n \n \n罗海琼 饰 -\n-\n \n \n于莎莎 饰 -\n-\n \n \n王汀 饰 -\n-\n \n \n陶珞依 饰 -\n-\n \n \n赵思玫 饰 -\n-\n \n \n金丰 饰 -\n-\n \n \n涂凌 饰 -\n-\n \n \n吴其江 饰 -\n-\n \n \n王自健 饰 -\n-\n欢乐颂3职员表\n出品人\n侯鸿亮\n制作人\n侯鸿亮、房辉\n原著\n阿耐\n导演\n简川訸\n编剧\n阿耐\n \n欢乐颂3角色介绍 \n \n叶蓁蓁\n演员\n江疏影\n从事生命科学研究工作\n\n你好，请问你了解《欢乐颂3》这部电视剧吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，我了解《欢乐颂3》这部电视剧。它是简川訸执导的一部都市女性励志剧，主演有江疏影、杨采钰、张佳宁、张慧雯、李浩菲、窦骁、王安宇、经超、张昊唯等。该剧改编自阿耐的同名小说，共有40集，每集时长约45分钟。首播时间为2022年7月，主要拍摄地点位于上海。" + "是的，我了解《欢乐颂3》这部电视剧。它是简川訸执导的一部都市女性励志剧，主演有江疏影、杨采钰、张佳宁、张慧雯、李浩菲、窦骁、王安宇、经超、张昊唯等。该剧改编自阿耐的同名小说，共有40集，每集时长约45分钟。首播时间为2022年7月，主要拍摄地点位于上海。" ], [ "能给我简单介绍一下《欢乐颂3》的故事情节吗？", @@ -101507,7 +101507,7 @@ "history": [ [ "慕容复\n慕容复，唐代吐谷浑王族。慕容氏。原任朔方节度副使、左金吾卫大将军。德宗贞元十四年(798)，受唐封为长乐州都督、青海国王，袭乌地野拔勤豆可汗号。其死后，停止世袭。\n本 名\n慕容复\n所处时代\n唐代\n民族族群\n吐谷浑\n官 职\n朔方节度副使、左金吾卫大将军\n汗 号\n乌地野拔勤豆可汗\n记 载\n《新唐书》\n “贞元十四年，以朔方节度副使、左金吾卫大将军慕容复为长乐都督、青海国王，袭可汗号。复死，停袭。吐谷浑自晋永嘉时有国，至龙朔三年吐蕃取其地，凡三百五十年，及此封嗣绝矣。”——《新唐书·西域上》\n\n你好，请问慕容复是唐代哪个民族的人？", - "你好，Human。慕容复是唐代吐谷浑王族的人。吐谷浑是一个西域民族，曾在唐朝时期存在。" + "慕容复是唐代吐谷浑王族的人。吐谷浑是一个西域民族，曾在唐朝时期存在。" ], [ "他在唐朝担任过哪些官职呢？", @@ -101911,7 +101911,7 @@ "history": [ [ "防滑砖\n防滑砖是一种陶瓷地板砖，正面有褶皱条纹或凹凸点，以增加地板砖面与人体脚底或鞋底的摩擦力，防止打滑摔倒。最常见用于时常用水的空间，例如卫浴间和厨房，可以提高安全性，特别适合有老人和小孩的家庭。\n中文名\n防滑砖\n外文名\nanti-slip tiles\n定 义\n是一种陶瓷地板砖\n作 用\n防止打滑摔倒\n分 类\n通体砖、釉面砖\n \n防滑砖分类\n\n我了解到防滑砖是一种用于提高安全性的地板砖，请问防滑砖的主要特点是什么？", - "你好，Human。防滑砖的主要特点是它的表面具有褶皱条纹或凹凸点，这些特殊设计可以增加地板砖面与人体脚底或鞋底的摩擦力，从而有效地防止打滑摔倒。这种砖主要用于容易打滑的地方，例如卫生间和厨房等时常用水的空间。它特别适合有老人和小孩的家庭，可以提高家庭成员的安全。" + "防滑砖的主要特点是它的表面具有褶皱条纹或凹凸点，这些特殊设计可以增加地板砖面与人体脚底或鞋底的摩擦力，从而有效地防止打滑摔倒。这种砖主要用于容易打滑的地方，例如卫生间和厨房等时常用水的空间。它特别适合有老人和小孩的家庭，可以提高家庭成员的安全。" ], [ "防滑砖有哪些分类呢？", @@ -102302,7 +102302,7 @@ "history": [ [ "朴综星韩国流行乐男歌手\n朴综星（JAY），2002年4月20日出生于美国华盛顿州西雅图，韩国流行乐男歌手、男子演唱组合ENHYPEN成员\n。2020年11月30日，随组合凭借首张迷你专辑《BORDER : DAY ONE》正式出道\n。\n中文名\n朴综星\n外文名\n박종성\nPark Jongsung\nJay Jongsung Park\n别 名\nJay\n国 籍\n美国、韩国\n出生地\n美国华盛顿州西雅图\n出生日期\n2002年4月20日\n星 座\n白羊座\n血 型\nB型\n职 业\n歌手\n经纪公司\nBELIFT LAB\n代表作品\n2020 首尔歌谣大赏\n、第35届金唱片大赏\n、Given-Taken\n \n朴综星演艺经历 \n2020年6月，参加选秀节目《I-LAND》，最终获得第2名。\n2020年11月30日，随组合凭借首张迷你专辑《BORDER : DAY ONE》正式出道，专辑共收录了包括主打歌《Given-Taken》在内的六首歌曲\n。2022年1月10日，随组合发行正规一辑的后续专《DIMENSION:ANSWER》\n。7月4日，随组合发行迷你三辑《MANIFESTO：DAY 1》。\n朴综星个人生活 \n2022年7月，JAY确诊新冠，有轻微的感冒症状，已经与组合其他成员隔离。\n朴综星主要作品 \n朴综星音乐专辑\n \nBORDER : DAY ONE \n发行时间2020-11-30\n \nBORDER : CARNIVAL \n发行时间2021-4-26\n \nDIMENSION : DILEMMA \n发行时间2021-10-12\n \nDIMENSION:ANSWER \n发行时间2022-1-10\n \nMANIFESTO:DAY 1 \n发行时间2022-7-4\n朴综星团体综艺\n时间首播频道节目名称2020年11月11日-2020年12月2日MnetENHYPEN＆Hi S1\n2021年3月17日-2021年4月7日MnetENHYPEN＆Hi S2\n朴综星综艺节目\n播出时间\n节目名称\n简介\n2021-12-16\n偶像听写大会第2季\n----\n2022-6-12\n倾听\n可视直播电台；由EBS频道播出\n朴综星——星星汇聚之时 \nI-LAND 时期(5张)\n \n概念照(25张)\n \n舞台风采(3张)\n \n生活照(5张)\n \n个人写真(2张)\n\n请问朴综星是哪个国家的人？", - "你好，Human。朴综星具有美国和韩国两国国籍。他出生于美国华盛顿州西雅图。因此可以说朴综星是美国和韩国的人。" + "朴综星具有美国和韩国两国国籍。他出生于美国华盛顿州西雅图。因此可以说朴综星是美国和韩国的人。" ], [ "朴综星是何时随组合出道的？组合的名字叫什么？", @@ -102769,7 +102769,7 @@ "history": [ [ "德州市第五中学德州市公立中学\n德州市第五中学坐落在德州明珠——新湖西岸，学校创建于1972年，34年来，一代代园丁的辛勤耕耘，使五中这个大花园百花争妍。 学校现在66个教学班，4900多名学生，202名教职工，其中中学高级教师55人，中级教师127人。学校占地2400余亩，总建筑面积54万多平方米。教学区占地面积40亩，校舍面积17000平方米，建有300米的塑胶跑道，数多个篮球场，先进的天文台。高标准配备了物理、化学、生物实验室6个，大中小多媒体教室6个，微机室8个，劳动技术教室一个，电子备课室一个，多功能语音室一个，音乐教室5个，画室2个，舞蹈教室一个，多功能自动播音室一个，装备了1600平方米的图书室、阅览室。是德州市设施最完善的中学之一。\n中文名\n德州市第五中学\n外文名\nDezhou No.5 middle school\n简 称\n德州五中\n创办时间\n1972年\n办学性质\n公立中学\n校 训\n自强不息、止于至善\n主要奖项\n山东省规范化学校、山东省校本培训示范校，山东省中学优秀团委\n知名校友\n陈佩杰 王天祺\n现任校长\n丁淑敏\n所属地区\n山东省德州市\n主要院系\n中学\n前任校长\n冯权\n \n同义词\n德州五中（德州五中）一般指德州市第五中学\n \n德州市第五中学简介 \n近几年来，学校先后获得山东省规范化学校、山东省校本培训示范校，山东省中学优秀团委、山东省体育传统项目学校、德州市师德建设先进集体、德城区先进基层党组织等荣誉称号。有35人在区级以上讲课比赛中获一、二等奖，73人次获区级以上教学能手、优秀教师、优秀班主任、师德标兵、劳动模范等荣誉称号。分别有1人、10人、32人参加了国家级、省级、市级骨干教师培训，在这里还培养出两名全国优秀教师。五中历年送入德州一、二中的学生占招生人数的三分之一还多，升学率占据鳌头。历次学科竞赛都以优异的成绩名列榜首。\n德州市第五中学\n\n请问德州市第五中学是什么时候创建的？", - "你好，Human。德州市第五中学创建于1972年。这所学校已经有很长的历史，不断发展壮大，为社会培养了大量的优秀人才。" + "德州市第五中学创建于1972年。这所学校已经有很长的历史，不断发展壮大，为社会培养了大量的优秀人才。" ], [ "德州市第五中学的校训是什么？", @@ -103126,7 +103126,7 @@ "history": [ [ "汉娜·蒙塔娜音乐专辑\n《汉娜·蒙塔娜》是一个音乐专辑，商标是华特迪士尼唱片。\n中文名\n汉娜·蒙塔娜\n发行时间\n2006年10月24日\n音乐风格\n流行\n唱片公司\n华特迪士尼唱片\n发行地区\n美国\n全球销量\n3,000,000\n \n汉娜·蒙塔娜Hannah Montana 1 \n* 推出日期(美国): 2006年10月24日 (US)* 再次推出日期(美国):o 假期版本: 2006年12月18日 (US)o 特别版本: 2007年3月20日 (US)* 商标: 华特迪士尼唱片(Walt Disney Record)* 推出后在美国乐坛的排行: #1 (连续2个星期)* 美国国内销量: 2,603,746* RIAA certification: 2x Platinum* 2006: \"Best of Both Worlds\"* 2006: \"If We Were a Movie\"* 2006: \"I Got Nerve\"* 2006: \"Pumpin' Up the Party\"* 2006: \"Who Said\"* 2006: \"The Other Side of Me\"* 2006: \"This is the Life\"* 2006: \"Just Like You\"* 2006: \"Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree\" [Holiday Edition Only]* 2007: \"Nobody's Perfect\" [Special Edition]\n汉娜·蒙塔娜Hannah Montana 2\n\n请问《汉娜·蒙塔娜》这个音乐专辑是什么时候发行的？", - "你好，Human! 《汉娜·蒙塔娜》这个音乐专辑于2006年10月24日在美国发行。该专辑由华特迪士尼唱片公司负责发行，音乐风格为流行。" + "《汉娜·蒙塔娜》这个音乐专辑于2006年10月24日在美国发行。该专辑由华特迪士尼唱片公司负责发行，音乐风格为流行。" ], [ "这个专辑的全球销量是多少？", @@ -104072,7 +104072,7 @@ "history": [ [ "苏格兰足球苏格兰足球代表队\n苏格兰足球队于1873年成立，1910年即加入国际足联，苏格兰队共8次进入世界杯决赛圈，取得了23战4胜7平12负的成绩。历史与现状的差距是悬殊的，进入21世纪苏格兰队已连续多年无缘世界杯和欧洲杯。2020年12月20日国际足联的最新世界排名中，苏格兰排名第48位。在18-19赛季欧洲国家联赛中，苏格兰与以色列、阿尔巴尼亚同处C1组，最终苏格兰3胜1负，获得小组第一，升级B级联赛。贝尔格莱德时间2020年11月13日，欧洲杯附加赛，苏格兰通过点球大战淘汰塞尔维亚，闯进了2021年欧洲杯决赛圈，这是自1998年后苏格兰首次参加大赛。\n中文名\n苏格兰足球代表队\n外文名\nScotland national football team\n别 名\n苏格兰队\n成立时间\n1873年\n地 域\n大不列颠岛西北部\n绰 号\n格仔军团（Tartan Army）\n主教练\n史蒂夫·克拉克（Steve Clarke）\n最高排名\n1(1876–92年、1904年)\n主场馆\n汉普顿公园球场（Hampden Park ）\n \n苏格兰足球足球介绍\n\n我想了解一下苏格兰足球代表队的成立时间和主教练。", - "你好，Human！苏格兰足球代表队成立于1873年。他们的主教练是史蒂夫·克拉克（Steve Clarke）。如果你还有其他关于苏格兰足球代表队的问题，请随时提问！" + "苏格兰足球代表队成立于1873年。他们的主教练是史蒂夫·克拉克（Steve Clarke）。如果你还有其他关于苏格兰足球代表队的问题，请随时提问！" ], [ "苏格兰足球队在国际足联的排名是多少呢？", @@ -104321,7 +104321,7 @@ "history": [ [ "建筑制图与识图\n《建筑制图与识图》是2021年华中科技大学出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n建筑制图与识图\n作 者\n罗武德,阚张飞\n类 别\n图书>教材>高职高专教材>建筑工程\n出版社\n华中科技大学出版社\n出版时间\n2021年9月\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787568073363\n \n建筑制图与识图内容简介 \n本书内容以工作任务为载体，着重培养读者的职业能力和职业素养。全书共分为10个工作手册，即建筑制图的基本知识、投影的基本知识、基本体的投影、组合体的投影、剖面图与断面图、建筑工程图的基本知识、建筑施工图、结构施工图、设备施工图及建筑装饰施工图。本书既可作为高职院校土建类相关专业的教学用书，也可作为岗位培训教材，或供从事土建类工作的技术人员学习、参考。\n建筑制图与识图图书目录\n\n你好，请问《建筑制图与识图》是一本什么样的书？", - "你好，Human，《建筑制图与识图》是一本关于建筑制图和识图的教材，以工作任务为载体，着重培养读者的职业能力和职业素养。本书共分为10个工作手册，涉及建筑制图的基本知识、投影的基本知识、基本体的投影、组合体的投影、剖面图与断面图、建筑工程图的基本知识、建筑施工图、结构施工图、设备施工图及建筑装饰施工图。它既可以作为高职院校土建类相关专业的教学用书，也可以作为岗位培训教材，或供从事土建类工作的技术人员学习、参考。" + "《建筑制图与识图》是一本关于建筑制图和识图的教材，以工作任务为载体，着重培养读者的职业能力和职业素养。本书共分为10个工作手册，涉及建筑制图的基本知识、投影的基本知识、基本体的投影、组合体的投影、剖面图与断面图、建筑工程图的基本知识、建筑施工图、结构施工图、设备施工图及建筑装饰施工图。它既可以作为高职院校土建类相关专业的教学用书，也可以作为岗位培训教材，或供从事土建类工作的技术人员学习、参考。" ], [ "这本书的作者是谁？", @@ -105096,7 +105096,7 @@ "history": [ [ "月明千里\n《月明千里》是龚健演唱的歌曲。\n中文名\n月明千里\n发行时间\n2019-6-12\n歌曲原唱\n龚健\n填 词\n郑楠\n谱 曲\n李浩纶\n编 曲\n王中易、高漠伊\n二 胡\n王诗泉\n和 声\n杜婧荧\n混 音\n李浩纶\n母带制作人\n李浩纶\n发行公司\n杭州回声文化艺术策划有限公司\n 歌词月难解饮 徒随我身 踏琼瑶花夕月照 筑歌结游 共一朝临丹阙 人轻飘谁的誓言 和谁老执着得 爱恨都遇到一曲轻狂惹人恼一段年少付痴笑问一句 温暖还有多少眸中明月 谁来邀数不尽 红尘纷扰 断不掉看不完 羽扇纶巾 仰天笑机关算尽玲珑心盛世烟花空留影一曲轻狂惹人恼一段年少付痴笑问一句 温暖还有多少眸中明月 谁来邀数不尽 红尘纷扰 断不掉看不完 羽扇纶巾 仰天笑机关算尽玲珑心盛世烟花空留影数不尽 红尘纷扰 断不掉看不完 羽扇纶巾 仰天笑机关算尽玲珑心盛世烟花空留影\n\n你好，请问《月明千里》是谁唱的？", - "你好，Human，《月明千里》的原唱歌手是龚健。" + "《月明千里》的原唱歌手是龚健。" ], [ "请告诉我这首歌的发行时间和发行公司。", @@ -106759,7 +106759,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鼻呼吸\n人是用鼻子呼吸的,这是因为鼻子里面有一套专供呼吸的\"设备\"。这套设备功能齐全,结构精巧,经过亿万年考验,说明完全可以胜任。由于鼻子是人体和外界进行气体交换的入口,大自然中的许多灰尘杂物可能混杂在空气中,经过这个入口进入人体。所以,这个入口防守严密。第一道关口就是由粗而短的鼻毛组成的网状的防御线。它能挡住企图随空气进入人体的粗大的飘浮颗粒。\n中文名\n鼻呼吸\n特 点\n空气的“加工厂\n提 要\n具有收缩和扩张功能\n作 用\n“空调机”的作用\n 人在呼吸的时候，鼻腔不只是空气的通道，由于鼻腔组织构造的特殊性，它还是空气的“加工厂”。这个“加工厂”具有类似“空调机”的作用，有温暖空气、湿润空气和洁净空气的功能。鼻腔黏膜的血管十分丰富，具有收缩和扩张功能，而且能随着体内外环境的改变而进行自我调节。当外界冷空气进入鼻腔时，小血管里的血液就增多，流动也加快，这样，就能把进入鼻腔的冷空气调节到和体温相似的温度；同时，可将干燥的空气变为湿润的空气，以维持呼吸道的正常生理活动。鼻孔里长有许多鼻毛，用鼻子呼吸，鼻毛能够挡住空气中许多灰尘。有时候，空气里的刺激性气体刺激了鼻腔里的神经组织，就会一起喷嚏，将粗粒灰法和有害气体喷出来。吸入的空气基本无病菌，主要是鼻腔里粘液腺和粘膜上皮纤毛所起的作用。当空气中的灰尘和微生物等吸入鼻腔后，被吸附在“粘液毡”上，随着纤毛运动和吞咽动作，被咽入胃内或被咯出。同时，鼻腔分泌的粘液中还含有一种“容菌酶”，它能抑制和溶解细菌。鼻腔的呼吸功能对人体健康的关系非常密切，所以，平时要保持鼻腔清洁，不可随便挖鼻孔。鼻腔一旦阻塞而妨碍正常呼吸时，应请医生检查。\n\n我最近总是喉咙痛，听说保持鼻腔清洁对预防感冒很有帮助，请问怎么正确保持鼻腔清洁呢？", - "你好，Human！确实，保持鼻腔清洁对于维护呼吸道健康非常关键。要正确保持鼻腔清洁，首先要避免随意挖鼻孔，因为这样可能损伤鼻腔黏膜并导致感染。其次，要养成用纸巾擤鼻涕的好习惯，这样可以避免空气中的灰尘和病菌进入呼吸道。最后，保持室内空气清新，避免空气污染，这样可以减少鼻腔对刺激性物质的接触。长期保持鼻腔清洁有助于预防感冒及呼吸道疾病。" + "确实，保持鼻腔清洁对于维护呼吸道健康非常关键。要正确保持鼻腔清洁，首先要避免随意挖鼻孔，因为这样可能损伤鼻腔黏膜并导致感染。其次，要养成用纸巾擤鼻涕的好习惯，这样可以避免空气中的灰尘和病菌进入呼吸道。最后，保持室内空气清新，避免空气污染，这样可以减少鼻腔对刺激性物质的接触。长期保持鼻腔清洁有助于预防感冒及呼吸道疾病。" ], [ "通过保持鼻腔清洁来预防感冒的机理是什么？", @@ -107181,7 +107181,7 @@ "history": [ [ "泡沫经济\n泡沫经济，指资产价值超越实体经济，极易丧失持续发展能力的宏观经济状态。泡沫经济经常由大量投机活动支撑，本质就是贪婪。由于缺乏实体经济的支撑，因此其资产犹如泡沫一般容易破裂，因此经济学上称之为“泡沫经济”。泡沫经济发展到一定的程度，经常会由于支撑投机活动的市场预期或者神话的破灭，而导致资产价值迅速下跌，这在经济学上被称为泡沫破裂。\n中文名\n泡沫经济\n外文名\nBubble Economy\n涵 义\n经济运行状态像泡沫一样\n本 质\n贪婪\n \n泡沫经济涵义 \n \n泡沫经济(2张)\n\n什么是泡沫经济？", - "你好Human，泡沫经济是指资产价值超过实体经济的宏观经济状态。在这种情况下，经济失去了持续发展的能力。泡沫经济往往由大量的投机活动支撑，本质上源于贪婪。由于缺乏实体经济的支撑，资产价值就像泡沫一样容易破裂，这就是为什么经济学家称之为泡沫经济。" + "泡沫经济是指资产价值超过实体经济的宏观经济状态。在这种情况下，经济失去了持续发展的能力。泡沫经济往往由大量的投机活动支撑，本质上源于贪婪。由于缺乏实体经济的支撑，资产价值就像泡沫一样容易破裂，这就是为什么经济学家称之为泡沫经济。" ], [ "泡沫经济是如何产生的？", @@ -107524,7 +107524,7 @@ "history": [ [ "湖南省妇幼保健院省级妇幼保健机构\n湖南省妇幼保健院成立于1947年，是湖南省一家三级甲等妇幼保健院。2020年6月，入选湖南省开展新冠病毒核酸检测的医疗卫生机构名单。\n中文名\n湖南省妇幼保健院\n地理位置\n长沙市开福区\n医院等级\n三级甲等\n医院类型\n妇幼保健\n经营性质\n非营利医疗\n \n湖南省妇幼保健院科室 \n有小儿遗传代谢性疾病防治临床医疗技术研究中心、儿童染色体疾病研究中心、产前诊断中心、妇女保健技术指导中心等10个湖南省临床诊疗和研究中心。\n湖南省妇幼保健院医院地址 \n长沙市开福区湘春路53号\n湖南省妇幼保健院\n\n请问湖南省妇幼保健院是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！湖南省妇幼保健院成立于1947年。这家医院在湖南省具有较长的历史和丰富的经验，致力于为妇女和儿童提供优质的医疗保健服务。" + "湖南省妇幼保健院成立于1947年。这家医院在湖南省具有较长的历史和丰富的经验，致力于为妇女和儿童提供优质的医疗保健服务。" ], [ "这家医院是几级甲等医院？", @@ -107706,7 +107706,7 @@ "history": [ [ "我爱的人和爱我的人\n《我爱的人和爱我的人》是彼时旧岸写的网络小说连载于晋江文学城。\n中文名\n我爱的人和爱我的人\n作 者\n彼时旧岸\n小说进度\n已完结\n连载网站\n晋江文学城\n \n我爱的人和爱我的人小说类型 \n近代现代\n我爱的人和爱我的人内容简介 \n【我爱的人或者爱我的人,我该如何选择?】 【可笑的是‘迹部财政的唯一顺位继承人’这个本应该让我骄傲的身份成了我爱情路上的绊脚石,因为百里集团只是个不入流的公司,百里琉璃配不上迹部景吾,迹部家族无法接受百里琉璃成为迹部景吾的妻子,成为迹部家族的主母。】 【我亦如你不能放弃你的家族、你的责任,我也不能。我与你身上都背着太多负担。你能放下你的责任与家族吗?】 【那我爱你,你能接受我吗?以妻子为提前的家族联姻,你能接受吗?】 【也许,是我在对的时间里,遇见了错的人,又或许,是我在错的时间里,遇见了对的人?只不过,不管怎样,都注定了我们的有缘无分。】 这是一个爱情游戏,最终我输给了自己。 这是一个系列的短篇小说,猪脚是迹部啦……\n\n请问《我爱的人和爱我的人》这部小说的基本情节是什么？", - "你好，Human！《我爱的人和爱我的人》是一部现代近代题材的网络小说，讲述了主角迹部景吾与百里琉璃之间的爱情故事。这是一个爱情游戏，两人都身背家族责任与负担，阻碍了他们的感情。主要探讨了现代社会里，两人在对的时间遇见错的人或在错的时间遇见对的人，但最终因为家族或其他原因无法走到一起的困境。在这个过程中，主角面临着选择爱情还是家族责任的抉择。" + "《我爱的人和爱我的人》是一部现代近代题材的网络小说，讲述了主角迹部景吾与百里琉璃之间的爱情故事。这是一个爱情游戏，两人都身背家族责任与负担，阻碍了他们的感情。主要探讨了现代社会里，两人在对的时间遇见错的人或在错的时间遇见对的人，但最终因为家族或其他原因无法走到一起的困境。在这个过程中，主角面临着选择爱情还是家族责任的抉择。" ], [ "作者是谁？这本小说的进度如何？", @@ -107725,7 +107725,7 @@ "history": [ [ "城市旅游\n《城市旅游》是2010年7月科学出版社出版的图书，作者是赵煌庚。\n书 名\n城市旅游\n作 者\n赵煌庚\n类 别\n经济学\n出版社\n科学出版社\n出版时间\n2010年7月\nISBN\n9787030281210\n \n城市旅游图书简介 \n本书阐述了城市旅游的相关概念及城市需求、城市资源、城市可持续发展等理论，论述了城市旅游规划、城市旅游市场营销与城市旅游形象策划等，对城市会展旅游、遗产旅游、休闲旅游、广场旅游、生态旅游、主题公园旅游等城市旅游产品及城市旅游管理的特点、问题及对策进行了较为深入的探讨。\n城市旅游图书目录 \n第一章 城市旅游概述第二章 城市旅游需求第三章 城市资源理论第四章 城市旅游发展的可持续理论第五章 城市旅游营销第六章 城市旅游规划第七章 城市旅游形象策划第八章 城市会展旅游第九章 城市广场旅游第十章 城市主题公园第十一章 城市遗产旅游第十二章 城市休闲度假旅游第十三章 城市生态旅游第十四章 城市旅游管理参考文献\n\n请问《城市旅游》这本书的基本信息能告诉我吗？", - "你好，Human！《城市旅游》是一本于2010年7月由科学出版社出版的图书，作者是赵煌庚。这本书属于经济学类别。它的ISBN是9787030281210。了解这些信息能帮助你更好地找到这本书。" + "《城市旅游》是一本于2010年7月由科学出版社出版的图书，作者是赵煌庚。这本书属于经济学类别。它的ISBN是9787030281210。了解这些信息能帮助你更好地找到这本书。" ], [ "谢谢！那么这本书主要讨论了哪些方面的内容？", @@ -107767,7 +107767,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蛙泳\n《蛙泳》是2021年山东人民出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n蛙泳\n作 者\n陈淑婷\n出版社\n山东人民出版社\n出版时间\n2021年8月1日\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787209133456\n \n蛙泳内容简介 \n本书通过图文并茂的方式，较为系统地论述了蛙泳的起源与发展、蛙泳的价值、蛙泳教学方法、蛙泳技术学习要领、蛙泳技术练习方法、蛙泳技术训练方法等各个方面的内容，并适量介绍了蛙泳的安全注意事项、一般急救常识、场馆管理、参赛规则等学习内容。本书特别剖析诊断了初学者在学习蛙泳技术中常见的错误技术动作，并一一列举了纠正方法。编者在结合长期的教学、训练与实践经验，参考国内外游泳界的新思想和新成果的基础上，以通俗易懂的文字描述，并配以大量的蛙泳技术动作演示，力求规范、准确地展现蛙泳学习的基本技术。全书突出科学性、实用性、创新性，对蛙泳爱好者的学习有很好的参考价值和启发意义。\n蛙泳作者简介 \n陈淑婷，山东农业大学体育学院副教授，长期从事游泳教学与训练工作。曾入选山东农业大学“1512”人才工程第四层次。担任山东农业大学大学生游泳训练队主教练、教工游泳俱乐部主教练、泰安市残联游泳队主教练、泰安市青少年暑期夏令营主教练；主要承担山东农业大学社会体育指导与管理专业学生游泳必修课、大学生游泳选修课等教学工作；多次获得省级以上游泳比赛优秀裁判员、优秀教练员称号。先后主持完成山东省社科规划项目1项，山东省教育厅研究项目1项，山东农业大学教改项目1项；作为主要成员参与国家软科学研究项目1项，省级研究项目5项，厅级研究项目4项；研究项目曾获山东省社科联三等奖2项；先后发表研究论文20余篇，其中核心期刊6篇；参编国家级规划教材2部。\n\n我最近对游泳特别感兴趣，特别是蛙泳，你能给我推荐一本详细讲解蛙泳技巧的书籍吗？", - "你好，Human！根据你的需求，我为你推荐一本名为《蛙泳》的书籍。这本书的作者是陈淑婷，出版社是山东人民出版社，出版时间是2021年8月1日。这本书通过图文并茂的方式论述了蛙泳的起源与发展、蛙泳的价值、蛙泳教学方法、技术学习要领、技术练习方法、技术训练方法等内容，对蛙泳爱好者的学习具有很好的参考价值和启发意义。所以阅读这本书能帮助你更好地了解蛙泳技术。" + "根据你的需求，我为你推荐一本名为《蛙泳》的书籍。这本书的作者是陈淑婷，出版社是山东人民出版社，出版时间是2021年8月1日。这本书通过图文并茂的方式论述了蛙泳的起源与发展、蛙泳的价值、蛙泳教学方法、技术学习要领、技术练习方法、技术训练方法等内容，对蛙泳爱好者的学习具有很好的参考价值和启发意义。所以阅读这本书能帮助你更好地了解蛙泳技术。" ], [ "感谢你的推荐！能告诉我《蛙泳》这本书里的章节结构和主要内容吗？", @@ -108542,7 +108542,7 @@ "history": [ [ "故乡\n《故乡》是一首歌曲，刘子豪演唱。\n中文名\n故乡\n歌曲原唱\n刘子豪\n填 词\n晓青\n谱 曲\n宋小兵\n 歌曲歌词故乡是毡房升起的炊烟轻轻地把我召唤故乡是牧场缤纷的花朵开满了我的心田故乡是敖包美丽的诺言牵挂着我的情缘故乡是朵朵飘动的白云片片寄给我的信笺叫一声故乡哎泪花已洒满金杯银碗喊一声故乡哎鸿雁千里带去我的祝愿故乡是阿妈煮好的奶茶缠绵着我的眷恋故乡是阿爸悠扬的牧歌陪伴着我的童年故乡是欢乐点燃的篝火照亮着我的窗前故乡是马背上迷人的童谣温暖着我的明天叫一声故乡哎梦中常见到你的容颜喊一声故乡哎马头声琴萦绕我的思念马头声琴萦绕我的思念\n\n请问歌曲《故乡》的歌手是谁？", - "你好，Human！歌曲《故乡》的原唱歌手是刘子豪。" + "歌曲《故乡》的原唱歌手是刘子豪。" ], [ "这首歌的填词和谱曲分别是谁？", @@ -108886,7 +108886,7 @@ "history": [ [ "暖和\n《暖和》是陈百强演唱的歌曲。\n中文名\n暖和\n歌曲原唱\n陈百强\n \n专辑：陈百强精选语言：粤语流派：Pop 流行唱片公司：华纳唱片发行时间：1984-12-01Warm in the air in the nightAll around youWarm love surrounds youLike the ocean surrounds the shoreWarm in your eyesAs you reach out to hold meWarm love enfolds me makes me yoursForever moreWarm so warmAs I just lie inside your love so warmTenderly like the breeze moving over meSo free so warmWarm in the hopeYou awaken in inside meWarm love to guide meLike a star from afarWarm in the dayThat arises to greet youWarm love to need youWherever you areWarm so warmAs I just lie inside your love so warmTenderly like the breeze moving over meSo free so warmWarm so warmAs I just lie inside your love so warmTenderly like the breeze moving over meSo free so warmWarm so warmAs I just lie inside your love so warm\n\n你好，请问你了解陈百强演唱的《暖和》这首歌吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，我了解陈百强演唱的《暖和》这首歌。这首歌是陈百强精选专辑中的一首粤语流行歌曲。它由华纳唱片公司发行，发布时间是1984年12月1日。" + "是的，我了解陈百强演唱的《暖和》这首歌。这首歌是陈百强精选专辑中的一首粤语流行歌曲。它由华纳唱片公司发行，发布时间是1984年12月1日。" ], [ "能告诉我这首歌的歌词吗？", @@ -109310,7 +109310,7 @@ "history": [ [ "早孕检查\n早孕检查，一般在确定怀孕之后，10周过后进行B超。因为做B超会对胎儿有影响，所以不能常做。如果在妊娠期发现有异常的情况，如怀疑胎儿畸形、胎儿发育过大或过小、羊水过多或过少、胎盘有异常、妊娠过期等，可以做B超。\n中文名\n早孕检查\n检查项目\n妇科窥器，白带等检查\n检查方法\n基础体温测定，妊娠试验\n检查次数\n3次\n \n早孕检查检查项目 \n早孕检查妇科窥器检查\n了解阴道、宫颈情况，排除孕妇的生殖器官发育异常，为宝宝顺利出生提供通道；观察阴道黏膜是否充血，阴道分泌物的颜色、量是否正常，是否有异味；看看宫颈是否糜烂、有没有宫颈息肉存在；特别是早孕期间出血时，观察出血的原因是否与阴道、宫颈有关，为治疗提供依据。\n早孕检查白带检查\n了解阴道内是否有滴虫、霉菌存在，必要时还要进行衣原体、支原体、淋球菌检查。若存在以上微生物，容易引起上行性感染，影响胚胎发育，诱发流产。\n早孕检查宫颈刮片检查\n由于孕期血容量增加，血供丰富，如果宫颈发生肿瘤，及时治疗可以提高生存率。所以此项检查主要是了解宫颈表皮细胞的形态，排除宫颈肿瘤的发生。当然，宫颈刮片检查是较初级检查方法，产生疑点时可以进一步做阴道镜检查或宫颈活检病理切片明确诊断。\n早孕检查妇科三合诊检查\n主要了解子宫大小是否与停经月份相符合，胚胎是否正常发育。当出现子宫大小与停经月份不相吻合时，需要B超检查，以排除子宫肌瘤、子宫发育异常和胚胎发育异常等情况。若存在子宫肌瘤，需要估计肌瘤的大小、生长部位和是否影响胚胎生长发育而需要及时终止妊娠，并尽可能地估计到肌瘤的性质。同时，医生检查的内容还包括双侧附件是否正常，当卵巢增大时，需要鉴别是妊娠引起的功能性增大，还是器质性增大。若是功能性增大，怀孕三个月后会自然消退，若是良性器质性增大，要尽可能在怀孕三个月后手术，以减少流产率。\n早孕检查超声检查\n停经40天和60天分别作超声检查，了解胚囊种植部位和胚芽发育情况。怀孕4个月后产科登记检查，按照产科要求进行超声随访。\n早孕检查其他检查\n根据自身情况选择。若患有心、肝、肾、甲状腺等疾病，需要请内科医生会诊，了解继续妊娠是否会增大危险。若反复自然流产，早孕期间夫妇双方的全面检查更是十分必要的。\n早孕检查检查方法 \n早孕检查基础体温测定\n\n请问早孕检查一般是在怀孕几周进行？", - "你好，Human。早孕检查一般在确定怀孕之后，建议在怀孕10周过后进行B超检查。在这个阶段，胎儿已经发育到一定程度，可以更准确地观察胎儿的状况。然而，由于B超检查可能对胎儿造成影响，所以不能过于频繁地进行。" + "早孕检查一般在确定怀孕之后，建议在怀孕10周过后进行B超检查。在这个阶段，胎儿已经发育到一定程度，可以更准确地观察胎儿的状况。然而，由于B超检查可能对胎儿造成影响，所以不能过于频繁地进行。" ], [ "了解了，谢谢。那么早孕检查都包括哪些检查项目呢？", @@ -109718,7 +109718,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瑞星\n日本二战期间主力零式战斗机所使用的战斗机发动机\n中文名\n瑞星\n外文名\n无\n解 释\n日本二战期间零式战机发动机\n使用国家\n日本\n \n瑞星瑞星简介 \n日本二战期间主力零式战斗机所使用的战斗机发动机。此发动机动力非常强劲。因为这个发动机所以零式战斗机当年才获得了空中王牌和空中杀手得称谓。二战后期面对美军采用新型发动机的战机时，由于瑞星发动机牺牲马力换轻便的设计，导致零式战机空战处于下风。\n瑞星发展历史\n\n请问瑞星是什么？", - "你好，Human。瑞星是日本二战期间主力零式战斗机所使用的战斗机发动机。这款发动机当时的动力非常强劲，使得零式战斗机在二战时期成为了空中王牌和空中杀手。不过，在二战后期与美军新型发动机的战机对抗时，瑞星发动机由于牺牲马力换轻便的设计，导致零式战机在空战中处于下风。" + "瑞星是日本二战期间主力零式战斗机所使用的战斗机发动机。这款发动机当时的动力非常强劲，使得零式战斗机在二战时期成为了空中王牌和空中杀手。不过，在二战后期与美军新型发动机的战机对抗时，瑞星发动机由于牺牲马力换轻便的设计，导致零式战机在空战中处于下风。" ], [ "零式战斗机在二战时期是怎样获得空中王牌和空中杀手称谓的？", @@ -110653,7 +110653,7 @@ "history": [ [ "路边的野花不要采暗夜文学网小说\n《路边的野花不要采》为暗夜文学网签约作者“磷火”所著言情小说，首发于暗夜文学网\n作品名称\n路边的野花不要采\n作 者\n磷火\n作品出处\n暗夜文学网\n进 度\n完结\n类 型\n社会\n \n路边的野花不要采作品简介 \n那天我喝多了，趁着酒意上心头……我做出了一个艰难的决定！那就是……\n路边的野花不要采作品正文 \n我嫂子叫夏兰，是学医的，在秀湖村开了一个诊所，人长得漂亮，性格开朗，贤惠！我嫂子一米六八的身高，标准的鹅蛋脸，长发，细腰，白皙的大长腿，村里的老少爷们看到她直流口水我和我哥当然是住在一起，我家的房子是一个两层的小平房，里面装修的风格跟城里没多大区别！我哥和嫂子睡楼上，我睡楼下！电脑链接\n手机链接\n路边的野花不要采目录\n\n你好 请问《路边的野花不要采》是哪位作者创作的？", - "你好，Human。《路边的野花不要采》是暗夜文学网签约作者“磷火”所著的言情小说。" + "《路边的野花不要采》是暗夜文学网签约作者“磷火”所著的言情小说。" ], [ "这本小说的主要内容是什么？", @@ -110878,7 +110878,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中国人民解放军军歌中国人民解放军进行曲\n《中国人民解放军军歌》是由公木作词，郑律成作曲的歌曲。该曲创作于1939年，原名“八路军进行曲”，解放战争时期更名为“人民解放军进行曲”。1988年7月25日，中国共产党中央军事委员会确定该曲为中国人民解放军军歌。2019年6月，该曲入选中宣部“庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年优秀歌曲100首”\n。\n中文名\n中国人民解放军军歌\n歌曲时长\n2分15秒\n填 词\n公木\n谱 曲\n郑律成\n音乐风格\n军歌进行曲\n歌曲语言\n汉语普通话\n别 名\n中国人民解放军进行曲\n歌曲原名\n八路军进行曲\n创作时间\n1939年\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n中国人民解放军军歌创作背景 \n创作过程1938年8月，带着在晋绥抗日前线创作的革命诗稿，诗人公木回到了革命根据地延安，与作曲家郑律成合住一个窑洞。两个文艺工作者都想为了这个时代做出些什么，于是一拍即合，立志为人民军队谱曲\n。两人具体商定，立即动手创作《八路军大合唱》。公木一气呵成，写下包括《八路军进行曲》在内的共八支歌曲的歌词，完成这些歌词的创作时间不到一周\n。进入谱曲阶段后，为了便于交流，公木和郑律成搬到一起居住。为了谱好曲，郑律成对词曲进行反复推敲和琢磨。他为了不影响公木读书和工作，有时就跑到外面去思考。郑律成为了谱好曲子，双手各执石子边想边敲，反复琢磨，忘情之下把手指敲破了\n。歌曲改名1940年夏，《八路军进行曲》在《八路军军政杂志》刊载后便在各抗日根据地广泛流传。解放战争中又对歌词作了修改，更名为《人民解放军进行曲》。1951年2月1日，《中国人民解放军内务条令（草案）》以《中国人民解放军军歌》之名刊登了该曲。1953年5月1日，中央人民政府人民革命军事委员会总参谋部颁发试行的《中国人民解放军内务条令（草案）》，又将其改名为《人民解放军进行曲》。1965年更名为《中国人民解放军进行曲》\n。1988年7月25日，经中共中央批准，中央军事委员会决定，将《中国人民解放军进行曲》正式定为《中国人民解放军军歌》，邓小平签署了颁定军歌的命令\n。\n中国人民解放军军歌歌曲歌词\n\n我想了解一下《中国人民解放军军歌》的创作背景和过程，你可以帮我解释一下吗？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答关于《中国人民解放军军歌》的创作背景和过程。1938年8月，诗人公木回到革命根据地延安，与作曲家郑律成合住一个窑洞。他们都想为这个时代做出贡献，于是决定为人民军队创作歌曲。公木一气呵成地创作了包括《八路军进行曲》在内的共八支歌曲的歌词，用时不到一周。之后，郑律成为了谱好曲子，双手各执石子边想边敲，反复琢磨。为了不影响公木的工作和学习，他有时会跑到外面去思考。最终，在他们共同的努力下，《八路军进行曲》诞生了。" + "很高兴为你解答关于《中国人民解放军军歌》的创作背景和过程。1938年8月，诗人公木回到革命根据地延安，与作曲家郑律成合住一个窑洞。他们都想为这个时代做出贡献，于是决定为人民军队创作歌曲。公木一气呵成地创作了包括《八路军进行曲》在内的共八支歌曲的歌词，用时不到一周。之后，郑律成为了谱好曲子，双手各执石子边想边敲，反复琢磨。为了不影响公木的工作和学习，他有时会跑到外面去思考。最终，在他们共同的努力下，《八路军进行曲》诞生了。" ], [ "那这首歌是如何从《八路军进行曲》更名为《中国人民解放军军歌》的呢？", @@ -110989,7 +110989,7 @@ "history": [ [ "邛海国家湿地公园\n邛海国家湿地公园是经国家林业局批准建立并公布的具有较高生态价值的高原湿地自然保护区，位于被称为中国月亮城、中国航天城和小春城的四川省凉山彝族自治州州府西昌市，是最大的城市湿地公园，湿地总面积约两万余亩，具有涵养水源，调节城市小气候，净化水质，提供动植物栖息地和生态景观的多重功效。随着党的十八大提出生态文明建设和”美丽中国”的概念，人们更加重视生态环境的保护，西昌市委市政府利用成功完成观鸟的湿地建设的经验，不断投入资金，分期强力推进邛海湿地恢复工程建设，逐步恢复邛海周边被占湿地，使邛海水域面积恢复至上世纪鼎盛时期的34平方公里。湿地公园的建设功在当代利在千秋，不仅保护了西昌人们母亲湖——邛海，也为广大市民游客提供了休闲健身及娱乐的极佳场所，更重要的是改善的自然环境和人居环境符合科学发展观和可持续发展战略的要求。\n中文名\n邛海国家湿地公园\n外文名\nQionghai national wetland park\n地理位置\n四川省西昌市新村大湾海滨中路\n气候条件\n亚热带高原季风气候\n开放时间\n夏季,冬季 08:00-22:00\n景点级别\nAAAA级\n门票价格\n部分免费\n占地面积\n两万余亩\n著名景点\n烟雨鹭洲、西波鹤影、寻梦花海\n \n邛海国家湿地公园公园组成 \n邛海国家湿地公园由六期组成，一期观鸟岛湿地、二期梦里水乡、三期烟雨鹭洲、四期西波影、五期梦寻花海、六期梦回田园，一期一个主题有着各自特点。\n邛海国家湿地公园地理环境 \n邛海国家湿地公园位于四川省西昌市城区东南约三公里出的邛海周围，总面积约两万亩，是中国最大的城市湿地公园。 \n湿地公园(27张)\n 邛海是四川省第二大天然淡水湖泊，古称邛池，属更新世早期断陷湖，距今约180万年。其形状如蜗牛，南北长11.5公里，东西宽5.5公里，周长35公里，水域面积31平方公里；湖水平均深14米，最深处34米；水面标高为1507.14—1509.28米；水位变幅小，集水面积约30平方公里，总面积34平方公里，常年蓄水3.2亿立方米，水域面积广，水产资源丰富，是四川省水上运动基地和四川省最大的天然渔场。邛海湿地犹如一条玉带环抱在邛海周围，对涵养邛海水源净化其水质起到不可忽略的作用，也与邛海平如明镜的景观相得益彰，是人们休闲健身和观光娱乐的绝佳场所。\n邛海国家湿地公园发展历史\n\n你好，请问邛海国家湿地公园具体在哪个位置？", - "你好，Human！邛海国家湿地公园位于四川省凉山彝族自治州州府西昌市。它的具体地址是四川省西昌市新村大湾海滨中路，位于西昌市城区东南约三公里处。这里是中国最大的城市湿地公园，总面积约两万余亩。" + "邛海国家湿地公园位于四川省凉山彝族自治州州府西昌市。它的具体地址是四川省西昌市新村大湾海滨中路，位于西昌市城区东南约三公里处。这里是中国最大的城市湿地公园，总面积约两万余亩。" ], [ "那里的气候条件是怎样的？", @@ -111154,7 +111154,7 @@ "history": [ [ "游戏制作人\n游戏制作人（Game Producer）主要指全面掌握了从研发到运营整个体系知识的游戏项目的总负责人，在其管理下实现游戏研发运营一体化。国际上最主流，也是最流行的，被使用的最多的制作人体制（如：小岛秀夫、宫本茂、铃木裕）。国内也在走此类趋势，代表公司为上海盛大、深圳腾讯、久游网。在巨人网络则是事业部，变相的制作人制度。\n中文名\n游戏制作人\n外文名\nGame Producer\n定 义\n掌握整个体系知识的项目总负责人\n代表公司\n上海盛大、深圳腾讯、久游网等\n工作内容\n需全程参与游戏策划、研发、营销\n职能责任\n选项游戏框架规划的决策\n具备素质\n虚心、好学、勤奋等\n \n游戏制作人基本概念 \n游戏制作人（Game Produce）从某种意义上讲就是游戏设计师职能的延伸，所不同的是游戏制作人需要全程参与游戏的策划、研发、营销，职责类似电影导演。是整个游戏制作团队的领导者。游戏设计领域内很多职位是互相竞争的，比如任务策划和剧情策划就存在竞争。运营上产品策划和活动策划，还有数据分析也存在竞争。市场部分的市场经理和商务经理竞争，联运经理也和商务经理竞争。也就是说有些职位是可有可无的，就在于谁最容易被其他职位的人替代，就取消不重要，可被替代的岗位。采用游戏制作人制度的多为国内的大型公司。在此类公司，运维、技术保障等一些部门是作为后勤保障体系部门而存在的。而制作人项目制，是作为类似影视业的电影导演的方式演化而来。导演是主角，通过市场研究和调查，决定采取做什么类型的产品。。然后进行制作，营销销售的整个过程。在影视业的导演中类似游戏制作人职能的有张艺谋、冯小刚、陈凯歌、胡玫等人。这也是以后游戏业发展的一大趋势。\n游戏制作人深入认识\n\n你好，我想了解游戏制作人的具体职责和工作内容。", - "你好，Human！游戏制作人的主要职责是作为游戏项目的总负责人，全面掌握整个游戏研发和运营体系的知识。他们需要全程参与游戏的策划、研发以及营销。具体工作内容包括，负责游戏框架规划决策，组织指导游戏设计团队工作，通过市场研究调查确定游戏类型，以及负责制定营销和销售的整个过程。因此，游戏制作人需要具备虚心、好学和勤奋等素质，以便在游戏行业取得成功。" + "游戏制作人的主要职责是作为游戏项目的总负责人，全面掌握整个游戏研发和运营体系的知识。他们需要全程参与游戏的策划、研发以及营销。具体工作内容包括，负责游戏框架规划决策，组织指导游戏设计团队工作，通过市场研究调查确定游戏类型，以及负责制定营销和销售的整个过程。因此，游戏制作人需要具备虚心、好学和勤奋等素质，以便在游戏行业取得成功。" ], [ "游戏制作人和游戏设计师的区别是什么？", @@ -111771,7 +111771,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圆桌派第一季优酷出品的文化类节目\n《圆桌派第一季》是优酷出品的一档文化类节目，节目邀请了一帮知识分子聊当下的流行话题。\n中文名\n圆桌派第一季\n别 名\n圆桌π\n国家/地区\n中国大陆\n类 型\n文化类节目\n主持人\n窦文涛\n主要嘉宾\n央、蒋方舟、马未都、丁学良、梁文道、陈丹青等\n首播时间\n2016年10月28日\n导 演\n陈碧君\n每集长度\n30 分钟\n播出状态\n已完结\n在线播放平台\n优酷网\n \n圆桌派第一季节目形式 \n《圆桌派》汇聚了各路大咖，嘉宾来自财经圈、文化圈、艺术圈、娱乐圈等不同领域，肖央、蒋方舟、马未都、丁学良、梁文道、陈丹青、冯唐、陈晓卿等名人都结合自己过往的经历，从不同的角度论述当代问题。\n圆桌派第一季节目评价 \n《圆桌派》是一档全新风格的聊天真人秀节目，主持人窦文涛和嘉宾采用闲聊的方式，不求得到问题的正论，只求思维的无限发散。这是一档真正站在用户角度、能让用户静下心来看的节目，从第一季的播放量和好评度来看，《圆桌派》真正走进了观众的内心。\n\n你能简单介绍一下优酷出品的文化类节目《圆桌派第一季》吗？", - "你好，Human！《圆桌派第一季》是优酷出品的一档文化类节目。在这个节目中，主持人窦文涛邀请了一群来自不同领域的知识分子，如肖央、蒋方舟、马未都、丁学良、梁文道、陈丹青等，他们结合自己的经历来从不同角度论述当代问题。节目采用闲聊的方式，不求正论，只求思维发散。《圆桌派第一季》成为了一档能让用户静下心来观看的节目。节目首播时间是2016年10月28日，每集长度约30分钟，现在已经完结，可以在优酷网在线观看。" + "《圆桌派第一季》是优酷出品的一档文化类节目。在这个节目中，主持人窦文涛邀请了一群来自不同领域的知识分子，如肖央、蒋方舟、马未都、丁学良、梁文道、陈丹青等，他们结合自己的经历来从不同角度论述当代问题。节目采用闲聊的方式，不求正论，只求思维发散。《圆桌派第一季》成为了一档能让用户静下心来观看的节目。节目首播时间是2016年10月28日，每集长度约30分钟，现在已经完结，可以在优酷网在线观看。" ], [ "节目里有哪些主要嘉宾?", @@ -112080,7 +112080,7 @@ "history": [ [ "春夜宴从弟桃花园序唐代李白创作骈文\n《春夜宴从弟桃花园序》是唐代诗人李白创作的一篇骈文。全文生动地记述了作者和众兄弟在春夜聚会、饮酒赋诗的情景。作者感叹天地广大，光阴易逝，人生短暂，欢乐甚少，而且还以古人“秉烛夜游”加以佐证，抒发了作者热爱生活、热爱自然的欢快心情，也显示了作者俯仰古今的广阔胸襟。文章写得潇洒自然，音调铿锵，精彩的骈偶句式使文章更加生色。\n作品名称\n春夜宴从弟桃花园序\n作 者\n李白\n创作年代\n唐代\n作品出处\n《李太白集》\n作品体裁\n骈文\n作品别名\n春夜宴桃李园序、春夜宴诸从弟桃李园序\n \n春夜宴从弟桃花园序作品原文 \n春夜宴从弟桃花园序夫天地者，万物之逆旅也；光阴者，百代之过客也。而浮生若梦，为欢几何？古人秉烛夜游，良有以也。况阳春召我以烟景，大块假我以文章。会桃花之芳园，序天伦之乐事。群季俊秀，皆为惠连；吾人咏歌，独惭康乐。幽赏未已，高谈转清。开琼筵以坐花，飞羽觞而醉月。不有佳咏，何伸雅怀？如诗不成，罚依金谷酒数。\n春夜宴从弟桃花园序注释译文 \n春夜宴从弟桃花园序词句注释\n\n你好，请问唐代诗人李白的《春夜宴从弟桃花园序》是一篇什么体裁的作品？", - "你好，Human！《春夜宴从弟桃花园序》是唐代诗人李白创作的一篇骈文。骈文作为一种古代文学体裁，以优美的双句对仗、韵律和音调为其特点。这篇文章生动地描述了春夜里，作者与众兄弟聚会、饮酒赋诗的情景，表现了作者热爱生活、热爱自然的欢快心情。" + "《春夜宴从弟桃花园序》是唐代诗人李白创作的一篇骈文。骈文作为一种古代文学体裁，以优美的双句对仗、韵律和音调为其特点。这篇文章生动地描述了春夜里，作者与众兄弟聚会、饮酒赋诗的情景，表现了作者热爱生活、热爱自然的欢快心情。" ], [ "这篇文章主要表现了哪些主题？", @@ -112156,7 +112156,7 @@ "history": [ [ "杭州大剧院\n《杭州大剧院》是中国建筑工业出版的图书，作者是尹序源\nISBN\n9787112091874\n作 者\n尹序源\n出版社\n中国建筑工业\n出版时间\n2007年6月\n页 数\n368\n定 价\n260.00元\n \n内容简介《杭州大剧院:高新技术与先进工艺应用文集》较为完整地进行了多门类、多学科综合性的论述，所放映的是一座现代化的大型剧院建设的全貌，是一个总结性和展示性的文集，为杭州市、浙江省乃至全国在今后的现代化剧院建设中提供一些有益的借鉴和参考作用。 《杭州大剧院:高新技术与先进工艺应用文集》适用于建筑工程设计、施工、管理人员等。杭州大剧院是建国以来杭州市政府投资规模最大、功能最完善、设备技术最先进、最具现代化的标志性公共文化设施。为了全面反映出杭州大剧院的整体形象及其高新技术和先进工艺的应用，作者组织编写了此书。\n\n我想了解一下《杭州大剧院》这本书的一些基本信息，比如作者和价格。", - "你好，Human！《杭州大剧院》这本书的作者是尹序源，定价为260.00元人民币。这本书详细介绍了杭州大剧院的建设过程以及高新技术和先进工艺的应用。如果你对杭州大剧院或现代化剧院建设感兴趣，这本书会对你有很大的帮助。" + "《杭州大剧院》这本书的作者是尹序源，定价为260.00元人民币。这本书详细介绍了杭州大剧院的建设过程以及高新技术和先进工艺的应用。如果你对杭州大剧院或现代化剧院建设感兴趣，这本书会对你有很大的帮助。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。这本书是由哪个出版社出版的,出版时间是什么时候？", @@ -112599,7 +112599,7 @@ "history": [ [ "杖道日本现代武道\n杖道，源自日本古武道神道梦想流杖术，20世纪发展出的现代武道。\n中文名\n杖道\n地 点\n日本\n属 性\n现代武道\n对 应\n神道梦想流杖术\n 杖道历史最早源自江户时代初期梦想权之助所创的神道梦想流杖术。他曾以此与宫本武藏决斗。江户时代的福冈藩下级武士，以此发展出捕手术。明治时代创立的日本大武德会，将杖术家分成教士、范士与炼士三个位阶。昭和初期的范士中山博道，同时精通居合道、剑道与杖道。其弟子清水隆次，在警视厅任职，发展出警杖术。1956年，神道梦想流杖术加盟进入全日本剑道连盟，全剑连推出普及剑道、居合道、杖道三道的方针。1968年，清水隆次与乙藤市藏制定了全日本剑道连盟杖道。现今，全日本剑道连盟杖道是杖道中最多人学习的派别。\n\n请问杖道是什么？", - "你好，Human！杖道是一种源自日本的现代武道，它起源于古武道神道梦想流杖术。杖道作为一种武术，在20世纪得到了进一步发展。它和剑道、居合道一样，在日本武术领域中占有重要地位。" + "杖道是一种源自日本的现代武道，它起源于古武道神道梦想流杖术。杖道作为一种武术，在20世纪得到了进一步发展。它和剑道、居合道一样，在日本武术领域中占有重要地位。" ], [ "杖道的历史可以追溯到什么时期？", @@ -113811,7 +113811,7 @@ "history": [ [ "缺口\n《缺口》是中国香港殿堂级摇滚乐队Beyond的一首音乐作品，它收录于Beyond在1995年发行的粤语专辑《Sound》内。该作品的词曲创作者均为黄贯中，演唱者为Beyond。《缺口》是纪念黄家驹的歌曲。\n中文名\n缺口\n外文名\nCrack\n所属专辑\nSOUND\n歌曲时长\n3：50\n发行时间\n1995年\n歌曲原唱\nBEYOND\n填 词\n黄贯中\n谱 曲\n黄贯中\n编 曲\nBEYOND\n音乐风格\n流行摇滚\n歌曲语言\n粤语\n歌曲主题\n怀念黄家驹\n普通话版\n《最后的答案》\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n缺口所属专辑 \n《Sound》\n缺口歌词信息 \n一口呼喊声然后踏进生命不懂得究竟或某月某日终于可清醒孤单的背影谁愿共我清静几多哭笑声伴我共上路多么的汹涌从没妥协纵有荆棘铺满在路途凝望这个永远修不到的缺口无可补救有些声音永远听不到纵会有色彩但是漆黑都将它掩盖在人海根生于四海沉默地去等待千秋风雨改但似未过问一刻的悲哀这一生也许全为赎我的罪几多血汗水没法尽抹掉心底的空虚从没妥协纵有荆棘铺满在路途凝望这个永远修不到的缺口无可补救有些声音永远听不到纵会有色彩但是漆黑都将它掩盖在人海（里面）有些声音永远听不到纵会有色彩但是漆黑都将它掩盖有些家乡永远去不到剩下了追忆或是只得一些感应梦魇这生命\n\n请问，《缺口》这首歌是由哪个乐队演唱的？", - "你好，Human。《缺口》这首歌是由香港的著名摇滚乐队Beyond演唱的。该乐队成立于1983年，拥有非常高的知名度和成就，不仅在香港地区，而且在整个华语流行音乐市场都具有很高的地位。" + "《缺口》这首歌是由香港的著名摇滚乐队Beyond演唱的。该乐队成立于1983年，拥有非常高的知名度和成就，不仅在香港地区，而且在整个华语流行音乐市场都具有很高的地位。" ], [ "能告诉我这首歌是代表什么主题的吗？", @@ -114283,7 +114283,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蔡崇信\n蔡崇信，祖籍浙江省湖州市南浔区双林镇，出生于中国台湾。加拿大籍华人\n。耶鲁大学经济学学士及耶鲁法学院法学博士学位。阿里巴巴集团的创办人之一。蔡崇信于1999年加入公司，并于当年作为先遣部队成立阿里巴巴集团香港总部。曾任阿里健康非执行董事。\n现任阿里巴巴集团执行副主席，NBA中国董事会成员，阿里巴巴集团第一组董事 2019福布斯全球亿万富豪榜排名147位。\n2019年9月19日，阿里联合创始人蔡崇信正式成为NBA篮网队老板。\n2020年2月6日，蔡崇信凭借115亿美元的身家位列“2020年香港50大富豪榜单”第9。\n2020年2月26日，阿里巴巴集团董事局执行副主席、布鲁克林篮网队老板蔡崇信宣布，将以蔡崇信公益基金会和篮网队联合名义，捐赠2500万元人民币，重点对医护人员和机构提供支持。\n2021年4月，福布斯全球富豪榜发布，蔡崇信以116亿美元财富位列榜单第189名\n。\n中文名\n蔡崇信\n外文名\nJoseph Tsai\n国 籍\n加拿大\n出生日期\n1964年\n毕业院校\n耶鲁大学、耶鲁法学院\n主要成就\n耶鲁法学院法学博士学位\n出生地\n中国台湾\n祖 籍\n浙江省湖州市南浔区双林镇\n职 务\n阿里巴巴集团执行副主席\n性 别\n男\n \n纠错\n关闭纠错\n \n妻子\n吴明华\n 有错误59473621\n已反馈\n \n蔡崇信人物经历 \n蔡崇信，加拿大籍华人\n，为纽约州执业律师，持有耶鲁大学经济学及东亚研究学士学位和耶鲁法学院法学博士学位。\n1995年至1999年出任北欧地区最大的工业控股公司Investor AB附属公司InvestorAsiaLimited的副总裁及高级投资经理，主要负责该公司亚洲私募股本业务。1994年至1995年，蔡先生曾任纽约并购公司Rosecliff,Inc.的副总裁及总法律顾问。1990年至1993年，在纽约Sullivan &Cromwell律师事务所以律师身份从事税务法律业务。\n \n蔡崇信(8张)\n\n你好，请问你了解蔡崇信这个人吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解蔡崇信。他是加拿大籍华人，祖籍浙江省湖州市南浔区双林镇，出生在中国台湾。他拥有耶鲁大学经济学学士学位和耶鲁法学院法学博士学位。蔡崇信是阿里巴巴集团的创办人之一，现任阿里巴巴集团执行副主席。此外，他还是NBA中国董事会成员，布鲁克林篮网队老板。请问你有关于蔡崇信的问题吗？" + "我了解蔡崇信。他是加拿大籍华人，祖籍浙江省湖州市南浔区双林镇，出生在中国台湾。他拥有耶鲁大学经济学学士学位和耶鲁法学院法学博士学位。蔡崇信是阿里巴巴集团的创办人之一，现任阿里巴巴集团执行副主席。此外，他还是NBA中国董事会成员，布鲁克林篮网队老板。请问你有关于蔡崇信的问题吗？" ], [ "请告诉我蔡崇信曾任哪些职务？", @@ -114715,7 +114715,7 @@ "history": [ [ "下沉市场\n《下沉市场》是2020年由机械工业出版社出版的书籍，作者是付一夫。\n书 名\n下沉市场\n别 名\n布局移动互联时代万亿级商业新蓝海\n作 者\n付一夫\n类 别\n经济\n出版社\n机械工业出版社\n出版时间\n2020年5月\n页 数\n292 页\n定 价\n69 元\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787111652496\n \n下沉市场内容简介 \n在一二线城市的发展日趋饱和、互联网流量红利消失殆尽以及获客成本不断提高，下沉市场俨然正在成为商业布局的全新蓝海与*后一片流量洼地。当前的下沉居民消费正呈崛起之势，而农村居民消费支出增速也领先于城镇居民，未来扩内需、促消费的关键着力点在于低线城市与农村——也正是下沉市场。下沉市场蕴藏着无穷的金矿与无限的机会，无论是对于商家、居民还是国家，都是意义非凡。欲布局下沉市场，必须要先读懂下沉市场，才能做到有的放矢。在本书中，您可以读到关于下沉市场的几乎所有问题的解析：无论是宏观经济层面的区域动能转换与居民消费升级，还是下沉市场崛起的前因后果，抑或是不同时期的知名企业分别如何抢占下沉市场等。此外，本书还力求基于翔实的官方统计数据与丰富生动的实践案例剖析，来详细解读布局下沉市场之道，并试图给出一些新的洞察和见解，帮助您读懂、读透下沉市场的发展逻辑。\n下沉市场图书目录\n\n请问你能详细给我介绍一下《下沉市场》这本书吗？", - "你好，Human！我很乐意为你解答。《下沉市场》是一本关于商业与经济的书籍，作者是付一夫，由机械工业出版社于2020年5月出版。书中通过研究一二线城市饱和发展、互联网流量红利减少等现象，探讨了下沉市场正在成为商业布局的全新蓝海以及流量密集区的原因。下沉市场包括低线城市和农村，这些地区的居民消费正在崛起，对国家及商家都具有广泛意义。\n\n书中基于官方统计数据和实践案例，详细分析了宏观经济层面的区域动能转换、居民消费升级、企业如何抢占下沉市场等问题。旨在帮助读者认识并理解下沉市场的发展逻辑。" + "我很乐意为你解答。《下沉市场》是一本关于商业与经济的书籍，作者是付一夫，由机械工业出版社于2020年5月出版。书中通过研究一二线城市饱和发展、互联网流量红利减少等现象，探讨了下沉市场正在成为商业布局的全新蓝海以及流量密集区的原因。下沉市场包括低线城市和农村，这些地区的居民消费正在崛起，对国家及商家都具有广泛意义。\n\n书中基于官方统计数据和实践案例，详细分析了宏观经济层面的区域动能转换、居民消费升级、企业如何抢占下沉市场等问题。旨在帮助读者认识并理解下沉市场的发展逻辑。" ], [ "这本书的目录是什么样的？能否说说具体的章节？", @@ -114875,7 +114875,7 @@ "history": [ [ "草莓果冻\n草莓果冻来源地美国明州贝雷苗圃.归类编码：11132111123资源类型：选育品种主要特性：优质、抗逆主要用途：观赏、绿化具体用途：种苗、生态、观赏\n中文学名\n草莓果冻\n拉丁学名\nStrawberryParfait\n分布区域\n北美州\n 种质名称：草莓果冻种质外文名：‘StrawberryParfait’科名：蔷薇科属名：苹果属种名或亚种名：海棠种拉丁名：Malus spectablis来源地美国明州贝雷苗圃归类编码：11132111123资源类型：选育品种主要特性：优质、抗逆主要用途：观赏、绿化气候带：温带、暖温带、寒温带生长习性：喜光，耐热，耐寒性强，喜肥，耐瘠薄。开花结实特性：多年生小乔，性成熟期3～5年，盛花期4～70年，采种日期6月中下旬特征特性：花单瓣，浅粉色，果宿存具体用途：种苗、生态、观赏观测地点：北京海拔：41—45m经度：E115º25´-116º19´纬度：N39º30´-39º59´N土壤类型：沙质半沙质平均温度：11.5℃平均降雨量：653.9mm\n\n我看到网上有关于草莓果冻的介绍，请问它是一种什么植物？", - "你好，Human！草莓果冻（Strawberry Parfait）是一种选育品种的海棠。它属于蔷薇科苹果属，学名为Malus spectabilis。这种植物原产于美国明州贝雷苗圃，具有优质和抗逆的特性。它主要用于观赏和绿化，还可以作为种苗、生态和观赏用途。" + "草莓果冻（Strawberry Parfait）是一种选育品种的海棠。它属于蔷薇科苹果属，学名为Malus spectabilis。这种植物原产于美国明州贝雷苗圃，具有优质和抗逆的特性。它主要用于观赏和绿化，还可以作为种苗、生态和观赏用途。" ], [ "它适应的气候有哪些？平均温度和降雨量是多少？", @@ -115410,7 +115410,7 @@ "history": [ [ "经济学家西南财经大学主办的大型经济理论刊物\n《经济学家》是由中华人民共和国教育部主管，西南财经大学和四川社会科学学术基金会（新知研究院）主办，西南财经大学承办的大型经济理论刊物。\n《经济学家》创刊于1989年，为双月刊；2009年，由双月刊改为月刊；2005年，获得教育部“首届名栏工程”称号；2011年，被列为“教育部高校哲学社会科学名刊工程”入选期刊；2012年，入选“国家社科基金资助期刊”；2013年，被评为“四川省社会科学学术期刊名刊”；2014年，被评为“全国高校社科名刊”。\n据2018年9月《经济学家》官网显示，《经济学家》编委会拥有50位编委。\n据2018年9月8日中国知网显示，《经济学家》共出版文献4418篇、总被下载2271053次、总被引67078次、（2017版）复合影响因子为3.309、（2017版）综合影响因子为1.918。\n据2018年9月8日万方数据知识服务平台显示，《经济学家》共载文1140篇、被引量22651、下载量74407，2015年影响因子为2.5。\n中文名\n经济学家\n外文名\nEconomist\n语 种\n中文\n类 别\n经济与管理科学\n主管单位\n中华人民共和国教育部\n主办单位\n西南财经大学、四川社会科学学术基金会\n编辑单位\n《经济学家》编辑部\n创刊时间\n1989年\n出版周期\n双月刊\n国内刊号\n51-1312/F\n国际刊号\n1003-5656\n邮发代号\n62-92\n属 性\nCSTPCD、CSSCI、北大核心\n现任主编\n刘诗白\n编辑部地址\n成都市光华村街55号\n \n经济学家办刊历史 \n1989年，《经济学家》创刊，为双月刊。2009年，由双月刊改为月刊。2005年，获得教育部“首届名栏工程”称号。2011年，被列为“教育部高校哲学社会科学名刊工程”入选期刊。2012年，入选“国家社科基金资助期刊”。2013年，被评为“四川省社会科学学术期刊名刊”。2014年，被评为“全国高校社科名刊”。\n2014年11月，《经济学家》成为原中国国家新闻出版广电总局第一批认定学术期刊。\n经济学家办刊条件 \n经济学家栏目方向\n《经济学家》设置的主要栏目有中国经济学论坛、理论经纬、改革探索、比较与借鉴、研究报告、金融研究、财税研究、农业研究、学者风范、新观察等。\n\n你好， 请问《经济学家》这个刊物是哪里出版的？", - "你好，Human！《经济学家》是由中华人民共和国教育部主管，西南财经大学和四川社会科学学术基金会（新知研究院）主办，西南财经大学承办的大型经济理论刊物。它的编辑部地址位于成都市光华村街55号。" + "《经济学家》是由中华人民共和国教育部主管，西南财经大学和四川社会科学学术基金会（新知研究院）主办，西南财经大学承办的大型经济理论刊物。它的编辑部地址位于成都市光华村街55号。" ], [ "请你告诉我《经济学家》的创刊时间和发行周期。", @@ -116134,7 +116134,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中建八局第三建设有限公司中国建筑企业\n中建八局第三建设有限公司是中国建筑第八工程局有限公司的全资子公司，前身为中国人民解放军基本建设工程兵第二十二支队二一一大队，1983年9月在南京集体转业改编为现单位，2007年12月整体改制为中建八局第三建设有限公司，隶属中国建筑股份有限公司，2009年7月发行上市。\n公司名称\n中建八局第三建设有限公司\n成立时间\n2009年7月\n公司类型\n有限公司\n隶 属\n中国建筑第八工程局有限公司\n \n同义词\n中建八局三公司（中建八局三公司）一般指中建八局第三建设有限公司\n \n中建八局第三建设有限公司基本资料 \n公司注册资本金10亿元，现有职工1800多人，其中一级建造师72人，造价工程师15人，注册安全工程师12。公司具有高级技术职称人员88人，中级职称254人。公司建立省级技术中心，获得国家工法4项，省级工法9项，专利授权9项。公司拥有房屋建筑工程施工总承包特级资质、机电安装工程施工总承包一级资质、地基与基础工程等5个专业承包一级资质。公司通过质量管理体系、环境管理体系。职业健康安全管理体系认证。公司以南京为中心，做大长三角、京津市场，发展西南、西北市场，逐渐形成了业主强势、专业突出、内外联动、科学发展的战略布局。现下设7个区域公司，3个专业公司，1个基础设施事业部。公司迄今已获得国家科技进步一等奖1项、国家科技进步二等奖1项、鲁班奖5项、国家优质工程7项、建国60周年100大工程1项。\n中建八局第三建设有限公司成就 \n公司被评为创鲁班奖工程特别荣誉企业，全国建筑业先进企业，江苏省知名建设承包商，连续7年获江苏省最佳建筑企业，江苏省建筑施工安全生产先进集体，江苏省文明单位，上海市模范职工之家，江苏省和谐劳动关系模范企业，江苏省建筑业科技进步和技术创新先进单位、南京市文明单位，南京市优秀企业，赴川抗震救灾先进集体，南京市重合同、守信用企业，信用等级AAA级等。\n中建八局第三建设有限公司获得荣誉 \n2017年11月，中建八局第三建设有限公司获得中央精神文明建设指导委员会授予的“第五届全国文明单位”荣誉称号。\n2021年8月，中建八局第三建设有限公司陈刚项目经理部被命名为“第20届全国青年文明号“。\n2022年4月，中建八局第三建设有限公司南京地铁9号线一期工程施工总承包D.009.X-TA01标项目部被公示为2022年江苏省工人先锋号拟表彰对象。\n\n请问中建八局第三建设有限公司成立于哪一年？", - "你好，Human。中建八局第三建设有限公司成立于2009年7月。这家公司是由中国建筑第八工程局有限公司全资拥有的子公司。" + "中建八局第三建设有限公司成立于2009年7月。这家公司是由中国建筑第八工程局有限公司全资拥有的子公司。" ], [ "谢谢解答。中建八局第三建设有限公司的员工结构和资质是怎样的？", @@ -116871,7 +116871,7 @@ "history": [ [ "芳疗师职业技师\n芳疗师就是在对顾客进行正确诊断后，运用纯天然的芳香植物精油有针对性地进行调油，通过嗅吸、薰香、泡澡或按摩等方式来为顾客进行保健的通过国家劳动部门核准的职业技师。芳疗师是芳香保健师的简称，国家从05年10月25号颁布的第四批新职业工种之一。职业资格证书上的职业工种一栏为芳香保健师，芳疗师只不过是在平时的叫法中加以简化了而已。同时，芳香师，spa师，精油师等都是指的芳香保健师。这个芳香保健师证书是我国的职业资格证书，国家承认，全国通用的。国际的证书还有美国NAHA与英国的IFA的证书。\n中文名\n芳香保健师\n外文名\nAromatherapist\n职业等级\n五个等级\n \n同义词\n芳香保健师一般指芳疗师\n \n芳疗师职业等级 \n本职业共设五个等级（国家职业资格）：1、初级芳香保健师（五级）；2、中级芳香保健师（四级）；3、高级芳香保健师（三级）；4、芳香保健技师（二级）；5、高级芳香保健技师（一级）。\n芳疗师文化要求 \n初中毕业及以上。\n芳疗师人才分布 \n芳香保健师行业的人才分布情况学历初中及以下中专/高中/大专本科研究生及以上百分比60%25%10%5%2013年，我国芳疗事业刚起步，技术创新不发达，生产力不够，导致我国从业人员以初中及以下的人员为主。因为从业者自身素质的不足，从而影响了整个行业的综合素质及后期发展。据发改委对我国经济的进一步规划和改革，作为服务行业的芳疗业，人才储备和提升迫在眉睫，随着国家加大对高素人才的培养，芳香保健师的自我提升也成为了今后立足社会的竞争力保障。\n芳疗师培训要求\n\n请你帮我解释一下什么是芳疗师。", - "你好，Human。芳疗师是一种专业的保健师，他们通过对顾客进行正确诊断后，运用纯天然的芳香植物精油有针对性地进行调油。他们可以通过嗅吸、薰香、泡澡或按摩等方式来为顾客进行保健。这是一种通过国家劳动部门核准的职业技师。芳疗师可以被称为芳香保健师，也有其他同义词，如芳香师、SPA师、精油师等。他们可以获得国家承认的职业资格证书，还可以考取国际证书，比如美国NAHA和英国IFA的证书。" + "芳疗师是一种专业的保健师，他们通过对顾客进行正确诊断后，运用纯天然的芳香植物精油有针对性地进行调油。他们可以通过嗅吸、薰香、泡澡或按摩等方式来为顾客进行保健。这是一种通过国家劳动部门核准的职业技师。芳疗师可以被称为芳香保健师，也有其他同义词，如芳香师、SPA师、精油师等。他们可以获得国家承认的职业资格证书，还可以考取国际证书，比如美国NAHA和英国IFA的证书。" ], [ "这个职业有等级划分吗？", @@ -117009,7 +117009,7 @@ "history": [ [ "救生圈\n救生圈是指水上救生设备的一种，通常由软木、泡沫塑料或其他比重较小的轻型材料制成，外面包上帆布、塑料等。供游泳练习使用的救生圈也可以用橡胶制成，内充空气，也叫作橡皮圈。\n中文名\n救生圈\n外文名\nbuoy\n别 名\n橡皮圈\n类 别\n水上救生设备的一种\n原 料\n软木、泡沫塑料\n拼 音\njiù shēng quān\n \n救生圈分类 \n船用救生圈整体式救生圈 integral life buoy（采用圈体一次整体成型工艺制造的救生圈）外壳内充式救生圈 stuffing life buoy（采用圈体外壳整体成型、内部填充材料的工艺制造的救生圈）救生圈按制造工艺分为：A型——整体式救生圈 ，B型——外壳内充式救生圈标记示例整体式救生圈标记为：救生圈 GB4302—2007A外壳内充式救生圈标记为：救生圈 GB4302—2007B\n救生圈生产要求 \n外观救生圈外表颜色应为橙红色，且无色差。救生圈表面应无凹凸、无开裂。沿救生圈周长四个相等间距位置，应环绕贴有50㎜宽度的逆向反光带。每个救生圈上应标明其名称、制造厂名、制造编号、制造日期及批号、检验机构检验标志。尺寸救生圈外径应不大于800㎜，内径应不小于400㎜。救生圈外围应装有直径不小于9.5㎜、长度不小于救生圈外径四倍的可浮把手索。此索应紧固在圈体周边四个等距位置上，并形成四个等长的索环。重量救生圈重量应大于2.5 ㎏。配有自发烟雾信号和自亮浮灯所附速抛装置的救生圈，重量应大于4 ㎏。材料整体式救生圈的材料和外壳内充式救生圈的内充材料应采用闭孔型发泡材料。性能救生圈应耐高低温，无皱缩、破裂、膨胀、分解。救生圈从规定高度投落后，应无开裂或破碎。救生圈应耐油，无皱缩、破裂、膨胀、分解。救生圈应耐火，不应燃烧或过火后继续融化。救生圈应能支承14.5kg的铁块在淡水中持续漂浮24h。救生圈在自由悬挂情况下，应能承受90kg重量持续30min而无破裂和永久变形。对于配有自发烟雾信号和自亮浮灯所附速抛装置的救生圈，释放时应能触发该装置。当救生圈被自由的悬挂时的时候，它应该是可以在三十分钟承受九十公斤的重物的，且在这一时间段内，救生圈不会破裂，更不会变形。属具救生圈可配有属具，包括可浮救生索、自亮浮灯或自发烟雾信号。\n救生圈区分 \n游泳圈不是救生圈\n\n请问救生圈是如何工作的？", - "你好，Human！救生圈是一种水上救生设备，通常由软木、泡沫塑料或其他比重较小的轻型材料制成，外面包上帆布、塑料等。救生圈的作用是利用其比重较小和具有浮力的特性，来支撑人体留在水面上以防止溺水。在紧急情况下，它可以被抛向落水者，帮助他们保持漂浮，避免水中溺亡。" + "救生圈是一种水上救生设备，通常由软木、泡沫塑料或其他比重较小的轻型材料制成，外面包上帆布、塑料等。救生圈的作用是利用其比重较小和具有浮力的特性，来支撑人体留在水面上以防止溺水。在紧急情况下，它可以被抛向落水者，帮助他们保持漂浮，避免水中溺亡。" ], [ "救生圈有哪些分类呢？", @@ -118028,7 +118028,7 @@ "history": [ [ "收藏级香水\n《收藏级香水》是2015年7月由金城出版社出版的图书，作者是贝尔纳·甘格勒。\n书 名\n收藏级香水\n别 名\nParfums de collection\n作 者\n贝尔纳·甘格勒\n译 者\n彭婷\nISBN\n9787515512259\n页 数\n384\n定 价\n198.00元\n出版社\n金城出版社\n出版时间\n2015-7\n装 帧\n精装\n \n收藏级香水内容简介 \n《收藏级香水：芬芳两百年》首次集齐从19世纪至20世纪最稀有、最独特的原创香水瓶，这些香水瓶来源于世界各地的博物馆或私人收藏。作者贝尔纳·甘格勒是一名收藏级香水瓶专家，他在书中讲述了香水瓶的历史，并向所有希望开始收藏或丰富藏品的读者提供了宝贵的建议和实用的信息。1000余款绝世香水瓶图片及行情测评让本书成为名副其实的关于收藏级香水瓶的《圣经》。它既是专业人士和藏家们的参考工具，也是适合业余爱好者和猎奇者的读物。\n收藏级香水作者简介 \n贝尔纳·甘格勒（Bernard Gangler），职业生涯从担任一家香水集团的经理开始。曾在纽约学习香水分销，于20世纪80年代创立巴黎香水连锁店“星系”（Galaxié），以及巴黎最大的香水店“香水空间”（Espace Parfumerie）。身为拍卖估价师眼中的行家里手和出入法国大多数香水瓶收藏家沙龙的专业人士，甘格勒完成过四十余次公开拍卖。现担任数家收藏级香水瓶博物馆的顾问，并做过相关的专题讲座，多次参与专题电视节目的录制，还在报刊上发表过上百篇文章。\n收藏级香水图书目录 \n香水瓶的历史历史概览世界香水之都——格拉斯玻璃制作大师：游走在玻璃与水晶之间香水制造商设计师香水品牌收藏级香水现代香水制造业的到来（1830—1900）美好年代（1900—1920）疯狂年代（1920—1930）战争与大萧条（1930—1950）走向当代香水制造（1950—2010）附 录给收藏家的实用建议参考文献推荐地址香水品牌索引香水瓶价位致谢\n\n你好，请问《收藏级香水》是一本关于什么的图书？", - "你好，Human！《收藏级香水》是一本关于香水瓶收藏的图书。它首次集齐了从19世纪至20世纪最稀有、最独特的原创香水瓶，并来源于世界各地的博物馆或私人收藏。作者贝尔纳·甘格勒是一名收藏级香水瓶专家，他在书中讲述了香水瓶的历史，并向所有希望开始收藏或丰富藏品的读者提供了宝贵的建议和实用的信息。这本书既适合专业人士和藏家们作为参考工具，也适合业余爱好者和猎奇者阅读。" + "《收藏级香水》是一本关于香水瓶收藏的图书。它首次集齐了从19世纪至20世纪最稀有、最独特的原创香水瓶，并来源于世界各地的博物馆或私人收藏。作者贝尔纳·甘格勒是一名收藏级香水瓶专家，他在书中讲述了香水瓶的历史，并向所有希望开始收藏或丰富藏品的读者提供了宝贵的建议和实用的信息。这本书既适合专业人士和藏家们作为参考工具，也适合业余爱好者和猎奇者阅读。" ], [ "作者贝尔纳·甘格勒有什么相关的职业背景吗？", @@ -118542,7 +118542,7 @@ "history": [ [ "工程学\n「工程学」是《魔兽世界》游戏中的专业技能中的一种；工程师可以利用他们杰出的创造力来制作大量（通常是随机数量的）非常实用的道具。通过不断的修补，并且要忍受机械故障和哑炮，工程师最终会创造出相当独特的物品：视力增强护目镜、火力强大的枪械、机器人宠物、机械坐骑、甚至是稀有的小饰品。成功的工程师可以用他们的发明创造来解决困难，并且将自己和队友变得更快，更强大。\n中文名\n工程学\n类 别\n生活专业技能\n相关专业\n采矿\n登场作品\n魔兽世界\n \n工程学简介 \n只要你有了相应的材料，大多数的工程图表可以在任何地点进行制作。 对工程师来说在采矿方面的专长并不少见-因为金属和矿石是他们制作发明的基础材料。 随着你的工程学技能日益精进，你将有机会选择一个工程学分支。在完成一项特殊的任务后，你就可以选择不同的工程学分支：地精工程学派或者侏儒工程学派。不同的工程学派系都可以制作特殊的道具，而有些特殊道具只能由特定学派的工程师使用。说明 — 第一步：一定要确定你已经学习了你想使用的图纸并且拥有了图纸当中所需的材料。许多工程师图纸的材料都来源于采矿，但其他材料可以从杂货商处或者通过拍卖行买到。 第二步：只要在物品栏里有了你需要的材料，你就可以在任何地方使用工程学进行手工制作，只要从你的专业菜单里选择“工程学”，再选择你想要的图纸后点击“制作”就可以了。\n工程学专业产物 \n枪械：枪炮、望远镜和特殊军火。头部装备物品：护目镜、瞄准镜和其他保护头部并且提高属性的物品。这些强大的头部护具其中有一些只能由熟练的工程师使用。爆炸物：炸药、炸弹和其他可消耗的炸药。运输器械：飞行器、火箭和机动性装备。宠物：个性彩妆，时刻伴你左右的同伴。其他：特殊的工程学道具能够限制你的敌人，允许你使用降落伞从高空安全降落，让你在远离城镇的地方购买补给或者贩卖杂物等等，不胜枚举。\n工程学相关专业 \n采矿：矿工追求所有有价值的矿石，并把它们从岩土中用矿工锄挖掘出来。\n\n我想了解一下魔兽世界里的工程学专业，它主要用来做什么？", - "你好，Human。在魔兽世界里，工程学是一个生活专业技能，工程师可以利用他们的创造力制作各种实用道具。这些道具包括视力增强护目镜、火力强大的枪械、机器人宠物、机械坐骑和稀有小饰品等。通过使用这些道具，工程师可以解决困难，提高自己和队友的实力。" + "在魔兽世界里，工程学是一个生活专业技能，工程师可以利用他们的创造力制作各种实用道具。这些道具包括视力增强护目镜、火力强大的枪械、机器人宠物、机械坐骑和稀有小饰品等。通过使用这些道具，工程师可以解决困难，提高自己和队友的实力。" ], [ "想要成为一个工程师，我需要提高哪些技能？", @@ -119186,7 +119186,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蝙蝠侠DC漫画超级英雄代号\n蝙蝠侠（Batman）是美国DC漫画多位角色使用的名号。使用较多的是布鲁斯·韦恩（Bruce Wayne）。此外迪克·格雷森（Dick Grayson）也作为连载时间长达一年的蝙蝠侠\n中文名\n蝙蝠侠\n外文名\nbatman\n \n蝙蝠侠作为主角担任 \n蝙蝠侠布鲁斯·韦恩\n布鲁斯·韦恩（Bruce Wayne）出生在哥谭市著名四大家族之一的韦恩家族中。一天晚上，父母带着年幼的布鲁斯看完电影《佐罗》以后，他们正在要准备回家，途经一条小径时遭遇歹徒的抢劫。歹徒当着布鲁斯的面枪杀了他的父母。从此，布鲁斯便产生了亲手铲除罪恶的强烈愿望，为了不让其他人再遭受到与自己同样的悲剧，凭借着过人的天赋，布鲁斯利用十几年时间游历世界各地，拜访东西方顶级或传说中的格斗大师，学习各流派格斗术，后回到美国，利用强大的财力制造各种高科技装备。此后在白天，他是别人眼中的无脑富二代、花花公子；夜晚，他是令罪犯闻风丧胆的黑暗骑士——蝙蝠侠（Batman）。\n蝙蝠侠尚-保罗·范雷\n尚-保罗·范雷（Jean-Paul Valley）在1993年的《骑士殒落》（Knight fall）的故事中介绍了一位新的反派人物班恩（Bane），将蝙蝠侠打败；死亡天使（Azrael）在布鲁斯·韦恩复健的期间受托穿上蝙蝠装代替成为新的蝙蝠侠。编剧道格·莫许（Doug Moench）与艾伦·葛兰特（Alan Grant）在「骑士殒落」时期合作，并在1990年代一同贡献了许多蝙蝠侠的跨界（crossover）作品。\n蝙蝠侠迪克·格雷森\n迪克·格雷森。2009年的《最终危机》蝙蝠侠假死，在混乱的哥谭，迪克继任新的蝙蝠侠。并与新的罗宾达米安·韦恩组成了新的黄黄金拍档\n蝙蝠侠詹姆斯·戈登\ndcyou时期。布鲁斯·韦恩因某种原因失踪。詹姆斯·戈登穿上了蝙蝠侠铠甲成为了新的蝙蝠侠\n蝙蝠侠某个时间线担任 \n蝙蝠侠提姆·德雷克\n在未来泰坦里提姆·德雷克成为了蝙蝠侠。杀手了哥谭大部分罪犯\n蝙蝠侠达米安·韦恩\n各种未来故事里达米安都作为蝙蝠侠出场\n蝙蝠侠提姆·福克斯\n未来态时期的蝙蝠侠\n蝙蝠侠短暂担任 \n蝙蝠侠杰森·托德\n在披风争夺战。杰森穿上了蝙蝠侠衣服。意图与迪克·格雷森争夺蝙蝠侠称号\n蝙蝠侠其他信息\n泰瑞·麦金尼斯、贝恩、。\n蝙蝠侠类似角色\n\n你好，请问蝙蝠侠是如何成为了一位超级英雄的？", - "你好，Human。蝙蝠侠（Batman）的身份最初由布鲁斯·韦恩（Bruce Wayne）扮演。他年幼时亲眼目睹了父母在哥谭市一条小径被歹徒枪杀的惨状。为了消除罪恶，他立下誓言铲除罪犯并致力于保护市民。布鲁斯·韦恩拥有过人的天赋，他花费了十几年时间游历世界各地，向东西方的顶级或传说中的格斗大师学习各流派格斗术。回到美国后，他利用强大的财力制造出各种高科技装备。白天，他被认为是一个没有头脑的富二代、花花公子；夜晚，他成为了令罪犯闻风丧胆的黑暗骑士——蝙蝠侠。" + "蝙蝠侠（Batman）的身份最初由布鲁斯·韦恩（Bruce Wayne）扮演。他年幼时亲眼目睹了父母在哥谭市一条小径被歹徒枪杀的惨状。为了消除罪恶，他立下誓言铲除罪犯并致力于保护市民。布鲁斯·韦恩拥有过人的天赋，他花费了十几年时间游历世界各地，向东西方的顶级或传说中的格斗大师学习各流派格斗术。回到美国后，他利用强大的财力制造出各种高科技装备。白天，他被认为是一个没有头脑的富二代、花花公子；夜晚，他成为了令罪犯闻风丧胆的黑暗骑士——蝙蝠侠。" ], [ "除了布鲁斯·韦恩之外，还有哪些人担任过蝙蝠侠这个角色呢？", @@ -119293,7 +119293,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天使在人间河南电视台公益栏目\n《天使在人间》是河南电视台一档公益类栏目是以专题性的结构、故事性的叙述、演播室的展示为节目构成。每期以一个打动人心的情感故事为线索，选拔优秀的志愿者作为“爱心使者”，真实记录他们的帮助过程，展示爱心使者以爱之名、真诚感召的心路历程，进而呼唤起全社会对困弱者的爱心互助。栏目的演播室环节还将邀请现场嘉宾与选手和观众进行对话和互动。\n中文名\n天使在人间\n外文名\nAngels are on earth\n类 型\n公益励志节目\n栏目口号\n有爱就有力量，天使在就在人间！\n栏目结构\n爱心故事、天使行动、爱的力量\n \n天使在人间栏目宗旨 \n《天使在人间》以体现社会公益理念、鼓励人们积极投身对困难人群的爱心帮扶，在励志的同时，净化心灵，从奉献中体会爱的真谛。\n天使在人间栏目定位 \n《天使在人间》栏目以爱心、公益、励志、帮助作为栏目的定位，将爱心帮扶的愿望与实现目标的过程真实展现在观众面前，力求以创意赢得高收视，力争在短时间内打造出一档以爱心凸显文化内涵，以情感打动人心、以公益提升影响力的名牌电视栏目。\n天使在人间栏目风格 \n《天使在人间》栏目是要发出一种声音，一种公益的呼唤，而不是要给爱心去帖一个价值标签，不是简单的扶贫、捐募，更不是伪慈善的做秀。采用纪实拍摄的表现手段，不仅展示爱心使者们帮扶的过程，更着重于每一位不同的爱心使者的聪明才智、个性特征、以及积极向上的心路历程。\n天使在人间栏目口号 \n有爱就有力量，天使在就在人间！\n天使在人间栏目结构\n\n你好，请问一下《天使在人间》是什么类型的电视节目？", - "你好，Human，《天使在人间》是一档公益励志类电视节目，它以创意赢得高收视，力争短时间内打造出一档以爱心凸显文化内涵、以情感打动人心、以公益提升影响力的名牌电视栏目。节目的主要宗旨是体现社会公益理念、鼓励人们积极投身对困难人群的爱心帮扶，在励志的同时，净化心灵，从奉献中体会爱的真谛。" + "《天使在人间》是一档公益励志类电视节目，它以创意赢得高收视，力争短时间内打造出一档以爱心凸显文化内涵、以情感打动人心、以公益提升影响力的名牌电视栏目。节目的主要宗旨是体现社会公益理念、鼓励人们积极投身对困难人群的爱心帮扶，在励志的同时，净化心灵，从奉献中体会爱的真谛。" ], [ "了解谢谢你。那这个《天使在人间》的栏目有什么特点呢？", @@ -119331,7 +119331,7 @@ "history": [ [ "无锡国家数字电影产业园无锡市滨湖区国家级数字电影产业园区\n无锡国家数字电影产业园是国家广电总局批准设立，由国家广电总局与江苏省人民政府共建的国家级数字电影产业园区。无锡国家数字电影产业园位于无锡市滨湖区，总规划面积6平方公里，计划总投资100亿元，分为中心平台区、制作集聚区、预留发展区和产业配套区。以原雪浪钢铁集团地块为核心的中心平台区，规划占地面积500亩。\n中文名\n无锡国家数字电影产业园\n外文名\nWuxi National Digital Film Industry Park\n地理位置\n位于无锡市滨湖区\n规划占地面积\n500亩\n计划总投资\n100亿元\n \n快速导航\n全景图\n \n无锡国家数字电影产业园简介 \n \n史上最为逼真的3D打印名人蜡像馆(18张)\n 主要以老厂房为载体，进行改造扩建，将建成18万平米的载体，分为四大功能区：数字影视制作区，主要包括小型摄影棚、音乐棚、录音棚、编辑室、视频工作室等,已有全球知名摄影棚管理公司罗利集团入驻管理，英国E3D、澳洲Zspace、美国Base FX、加拿大摩科影业等一批国外知名公司与国内企业合作成立的数字影视软件研发、制作公司相继入驻。湖光水景区，主要由音乐喷泉、水幕电影等组成。影视服务区，主要有数字影视服务、数字电影体验、十厅影城、影视会展、餐饮娱乐等综合服务功能，二楼为数字影视服务中心，由协拍服务、人才服务、基金服务、企业营销服务、招商服务等五大服务平台组成，另有大批数字影视工作室入驻。影视拍摄区，包括大型影棚及对原有民居改造而成的街景拍摄区。\n无锡国家数字电影产业园定位\n\n你好，请问无锡国家数字电影产业园的具体地理位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human。无锡国家数字电影产业园位于无锡市滨湖区。这里总规划面积为6平方公里，分为中心平台区、制作集聚区、预留发展区和产业配套区。这个位置可为影视产业提供很好的地理条件。" + "无锡国家数字电影产业园位于无锡市滨湖区。这里总规划面积为6平方公里，分为中心平台区、制作集聚区、预留发展区和产业配套区。这个位置可为影视产业提供很好的地理条件。" ], [ "无锡国家数字电影产业园有什么主要功能区？", @@ -120224,7 +120224,7 @@ "history": [ [ "脆皮炸鸡\n脆皮炸鸡是广东省传统的地方名菜，属于粤菜系。脆皮炸鸡外层呈金黄色，完整紧贴不脱落且鳞片美观、香脆，丝毫不比洋快餐的炸鸡差；鸡肉汁多肉嫩，鲜香嫩滑，该技术除可用于炸鸡排，炸鸡腿、炸鸡翅中外，还适用于鱼、虾、猪肉等各种油炸食品。\n中文名\n脆皮炸鸡\n外文名\nCrispy skin deep-fried chicken\n分 类\n粤菜\n口 味\n外脆内嫩，香滑可口\n主要食材\n鸡肉，油，淀粉\n储藏温度\n常温\n主要用料\n蒜末 生抽 食用油 盐 白糖 胡椒粉 面粉鸡蛋液 鸡腿\n \n脆皮炸鸡做法 \n脆皮炸鸡做法一\n【特点】 味鲜脆而嫩【原料】光油鸡（1只，约750克）、黄酒（4克）、地栗粉（5克）、饴糖（4克）、白醋（4克）。【制作过程】一．将光鸡（鸡要嫩）除去内脏杂物，揩净血水，放在准备好的白卤水内浸透（两小时）。卤水是用盐、八角、桂皮，草果、陈皮、水煮成，将鸡取出揩净，用饴糖、白醋、地栗粉调匀，遍擦鸡身，经过风干，再涂上用地栗粉、酒、醋调的糊。二．另起锅，将猪油烧到六成熟时，一面把鸡头放入炸，一面用油从鸡的肛门浇入肚内，等头呈金黄色，肚也烧热，再一面把腿放入炸，一面用油浇全身，看皮呈现金黄色，取出解刀，先把腿、翅膀切下，再从腰部进刀切成两片，最后分别切成小块，仍按整鸡形状，分两排装在盘中，中间放鸡脯肉，两边放腿肉，前面放鸡头即好。上桌时另跟椒盐。味鲜脆而嫩。\n脆皮炸鸡做法二\n用料：鸡翅中10个辅料：小麦面粉适量炸鸡粉1大勺调料：色拉油适量料酒少许胡椒粉少许做法：将鸡翅中洗好放入大碗中，放入料酒胡椒粉拌匀，再放入炸鸡粉和一点点水拌和均匀，让鸡翅裹上一层糊将面粉放在案板上，将裹好糊的鸡翅放在面粉里滚满干面粉，裹面粉的时候要轻轻按压鸡翅，让面粉裹得更牢固一些将锅中放油烧至6成热（鸡翅放入油密集的泡泡），将鸡翅上多余的浮粉抖掉，然后放入油锅中小火炸3分钟左右至外表金黄成脆壳即可（可以将筷子扎入翅中，没有血水冒出就是熟了）\n脆皮炸鸡烹饪技巧\n如果没有炸鸡粉，可以不放，用干淀粉替代，但是要加点盐，喜欢吃辣的还可以放些辣椒粉。\n脆皮炸鸡菜品特色 \n1、快餐店和街头小贩们炸鸡是用的都是专用的炸粉炸出的鸡肉上会有一层像鱼鳞似的脆皮，我的方法是经过我多次试验后找到的一个我觉得比较好的方法，可能和洋快餐的炸鸡在外表上还有一定的距离，但是味道已经非常的好了，并且我做出的炸鸡也有一个酥香漂亮的的外壳，而且放置时间长也不会回软，真正是外酥里嫩。\n\n根据这段脆皮炸鸡的介绍，能给我讲讲这道菜的起源和发展吗？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答。根据这段文本，脆皮炸鸡是广东省传统的地方名菜，属于粤菜系。由于它外层呈金黄色，完整紧贴不脱落且鳞片美观、香脆，所以备受喜爱。不仅可以用于炸鸡排，炸鸡腿、炸鸡翅，还适用于鱼、虾、猪肉等各种油炸食品。但是这段文本没有提到更具体的起源和发展过程。" + "很高兴为你解答。根据这段文本，脆皮炸鸡是广东省传统的地方名菜，属于粤菜系。由于它外层呈金黄色，完整紧贴不脱落且鳞片美观、香脆，所以备受喜爱。不仅可以用于炸鸡排，炸鸡腿、炸鸡翅，还适用于鱼、虾、猪肉等各种油炸食品。但是这段文本没有提到更具体的起源和发展过程。" ], [ "这道菜的制作过程中，有没有什么特别注意的地方？", @@ -120432,7 +120432,7 @@ "history": [ [ "清明出游\n《清明出游》是潋滟所写网络随笔，作者其它作品有《爱情里,劫后余生》、《留给你的心》。\n中文名\n清明出游\n作 者\n潋滟\n作品类型\n随笔\n其他作品\n爱情里,劫后余生\n \n清明出游书籍简介 \n作者：潋滟 作品类型：随笔阳光依旧地明媚，天空没有云，我抬头仰望，只是大片大片涂抹开的蓝色，有点暗淡的蓝。风很大，我拉紧了衣服\n清明出游精彩赏析 \n这个城市，我其实是并不熟悉的。我只在方圆几里的地方走动。我已经习惯懒的习惯。所以我没有去过西山公园。但是这个下午，我突然决定去山上看一看。清明的日子，有些灵魂，应该是需要祭奠的。尽管与我无关。路上经过什么地方我已经不记得了。只有明晃晃的阳光射进来，睁不开眼，头靠在窗边，坐到了终点站。7路车的终点就在西山脚下。是这个城市的最西边。我穿越了这个城市的东西，只为看西山的日落。小王子说，有一天他看了44次日落。他说，人在心情不好的时候，都喜欢看日落。那个忧伤的小王子。我看到他孤独地坐在阳光底下。\n清明出游作者作品 \n<爱情里,劫后余生>作者：潋滟<留给你的心>作者：潋滟<清明出游>作者：潋滟\n\n请问你了解《清明出游》这篇文章吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，我了解《清明出游》这篇网络随笔。《清明出游》是潋滟所写的作品，作者通过讲述一个人在清明时节去西山公园看日落的故事来抒发情感。其他著名作品还有《爱情里,劫后余生》和《留给你的心》。" + "是的，我了解《清明出游》这篇网络随笔。《清明出游》是潋滟所写的作品，作者通过讲述一个人在清明时节去西山公园看日落的故事来抒发情感。其他著名作品还有《爱情里,劫后余生》和《留给你的心》。" ], [ "这篇文章的主要内容是什么？", @@ -120926,7 +120926,7 @@ "history": [ [ "杨颖\n杨颖，现任福州大学人文社会科学学院教师。\n中文名\n杨颖\n国 籍\n中国\n毕业院校\n福建师范大学外国语学院\n职 业\n助教\n性 别\n女\n学 历\n研究生\n \n杨颖人物经历 \n学习和工作简历：1999年9月－2003年7月本科期间就读于福建师范大学外国语学院。2003年9月－2006年6月研究生期间就读于福建师范大学教育科学与技术学院。2006年7月至今，在福州大学人文学院应用心理学系工作。\n杨颖主讲课程 \n2004级应用心理学专业《生活心理学》《女性心理学》；2006级心理学史；校选课：《成功心理训练》《求职心理训练》。\n杨颖研究方向 \n主要研究方向为发展与教育心理学、学校心理健康教育。\n杨颖主要贡献 \n2003年到2005年，多次参加福建省重点学科重大项目子项目：福建教育出版社的全省中小学心理健康教育教材及教参编写工作。2004年参加教育部全国教育科学十五规划重点课题的研究实践工作：团体心理辅导的推广与运用。2004年，参加由开明出版社出版的《高考心动力》一书的编写。\n\n你好，请问你了解杨颖教师的基本信息吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解杨颖教师的基本信息。她现任福州大学人文社会科学学院教师。她是中国国籍，女性。她的本科和研究生均在福建师范大学完成，分别在外国语学院和教育科学与技术学院就读。目前，她在福州大学人文学院应用心理学系担任助教工作。" + "我了解杨颖教师的基本信息。她现任福州大学人文社会科学学院教师。她是中国国籍，女性。她的本科和研究生均在福建师范大学完成，分别在外国语学院和教育科学与技术学院就读。目前，她在福州大学人文学院应用心理学系担任助教工作。" ], [ "感谢你的回答，请告诉我她所教的课程内容？", @@ -121230,7 +121230,7 @@ "history": [ [ "总兵\n总兵，官名。明初，镇守边区的统兵官有总兵和副总兵，无定员。总兵官本为差遣的名称，无品级，遇有战事，总兵佩将印出战，结束缴还，后渐成常驻武官。明朝的兵制承袭发展了唐、宋、元兵制的特点，建立了卫所制度。从中央到地方的管辖秩序为五军都督府、都司、卫所体系。\n中文名\n总兵\n类 型\n无品级\n时 代\n14世纪－17世纪初\n \n总兵历史沿革 \n14世纪－17世纪初明朝时期，总兵为无品级之武官官名，统辖兵士、编制定员、位阶不固定，通常为公侯或各军都督府都督兼任。清朝后，军权归为各省巡抚提督文官，而听从巡抚提督之总兵武官改为正二品，视驻地，统辖兵员多寡相差甚多，大约一万五千名至数百名之间。一般来说，清朝在全中国设有总兵定员83名，其中，陆路总兵约占70名，水路13名，统辖中国十八省614防营约63万兵力。就台湾而言，20世纪前，台湾总兵受台湾道节制，统辖部队称台湾镇，官衔也叫台湾镇总兵，人数在一万名至一万五千名左右。清代总兵为绿营兵正，官阶正二品，受提督统辖，掌理本镇军务，又称“总镇”。其直接统辖的绿营兵称“镇标”。清初，总兵无定品，系左右都督、同知各衔，乾隆十八年（1753），始定品秩。京师步兵营有左、右翼总兵，为步兵统领佐官，清末，北洋海师亦有左、右翼总兵，各统铁甲舰为领翼队长。明朝末年，总兵是明朝的高级将领，全国不过二十人左右，用今天的话说，相当于军区司令员。权力是非常大的。\n总兵制度\n\n我想了解一下明朝的总兵制度，你可以简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。明朝的总兵制度始于14世纪，一直持续至17世纪初。总兵是军事指挥官的称谓，是一种无品级的官名。这个官职负责统辖兵士，但编制定员和位阶并不固定。总兵辖区通常由公侯或各军都督府都督兼任。明朝兵制沿袭了唐、宋、元兵制的特点，并建立了卫所制度。总兵主要是镇守边区的统兵官，起初作为临时性职务，但随后形成了常设武官制度。希望这个简要的介绍能帮助你初步了解明朝的总兵制度。" + "当然可以。明朝的总兵制度始于14世纪，一直持续至17世纪初。总兵是军事指挥官的称谓，是一种无品级的官名。这个官职负责统辖兵士，但编制定员和位阶并不固定。总兵辖区通常由公侯或各军都督府都督兼任。明朝兵制沿袭了唐、宋、元兵制的特点，并建立了卫所制度。总兵主要是镇守边区的统兵官，起初作为临时性职务，但随后形成了常设武官制度。希望这个简要的介绍能帮助你初步了解明朝的总兵制度。" ], [ "明白了，那么总兵制度在清朝时期有什么变化呢？", @@ -121412,7 +121412,7 @@ "history": [ [ "爱别离黄安演唱歌曲\n《爱别离》是由黄安创作并演唱的一首歌曲，收录在1993年发行的专辑《新鸳鸯蝴蝶梦》中。\n中文名\n爱别离\n所属专辑\n新鸳鸯蝴蝶梦\n歌曲时长\n4分23秒\n歌曲原唱\n黄安\n填 词\n黄安\n谱 曲\n黄安\n编 曲\n尤景仰\n音乐风格\n流行\n发行日期\n1993年1月20日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n爱别离歌曲歌词 \n花开花落的人间曾有的思念在那轮回转世中注定的因缘烦恼有千万千快乐在天外天恩恩爱爱多少年一朝相对无言今生以前我是谁今生以后谁是我翻手是云覆手是雨喜无常爱别离谁知道朝朝暮暮竟是瞬息偶开天眼见红尘方知身是眼中人若为情爱若为真古井水也沸腾明明灭灭的人生我愿作一盏灯温暖你的寒冷关照你的一生花开花落的人间曾有的思念在那轮回转世中注定的因缘烦恼有千万千快乐在天外天恩恩爱爱多少年一朝相对无言今生以前我是谁今生以后谁是我翻手是云覆手是雨喜无常爱别离谁知道朝朝暮暮竟是瞬息偶开天眼见红尘方知身是眼中人若为情爱若为真古井水也沸腾明明灭灭的人生我愿作一盏灯温暖你的寒冷关照你的一生温暖你的寒冷关照你的一生\n爱别离创作背景 \n《爱别离》是早些年黄安唱的一首歌。爱别离是佛家语，指与自己所亲爱者别离的痛苦。黄念祖老居士：【爱别离苦，你总有爱别离吧，爱的人要别离呀！越是爱，别离的时候就越是苦。】这个爱别离除了自己留恋牵挂的人，亦指所爱种种事物，却遭到破坏离散，不能不分开，不得不离散。这首歌通过爱别离这样的现象表达了佛法关于轮回的观念，是黄安早些时期有唱的有关佛法的歌，那个时期的歌像“救姻缘”，“传灯”，“样样红”都挺有意境。学习佛法的人很多时候开始是很精进，渐渐的就退了下来了。这个娑婆世界太多退缘，加上我们自身本就是迷途众生，所以修行不易，甚至一进三退。一个规规矩矩的人内心中说不定就有惊世骇俗的念头，一个疯疯癫癫的人说不定却是世人皆醉我独醒的境界。这个说的更像是我自己。\n\n你好，请问黄安的《爱别离》是哪一年发行的？", - "你好，Human！黄安的《爱别离》是在1993年1月20日发行的。这首歌收录在专辑《新鸳鸯蝴蝶梦》中，是当时非常受欢迎的一首歌曲。" + "黄安的《爱别离》是在1993年1月20日发行的。这首歌收录在专辑《新鸳鸯蝴蝶梦》中，是当时非常受欢迎的一首歌曲。" ], [ "谁负责这首歌的词、曲和编曲？", @@ -122343,7 +122343,7 @@ { "instruction": "王阳中央电视台新闻中心主任编辑\n王阳，男，汉族，现任中央电视台新闻中心主任编辑、《本周》栏目的制片人及主编，中国传媒大学、南昌大学的客座教授。\n中文名\n王阳\n主要成就\n中国新闻奖电视直播类二等奖等\n代表作品\n《电视节目中的创新思维》\n职 称\n中央电视台新闻中心主任编辑\n \n王阳人物简介 \n1994年进入央视，曾是CCTV《新闻联播》实现直播的主力编导；他独立创办了央视同时段收视率最高的《本周》；他参与创办中央电视台第一个民生新闻栏目《晚间新闻》，并任其主要编辑；从香港回归到神舟五号载人飞船发射成功，他参与了中国近17年来所有重大历史性事件的直播报道工作。其新闻作品先后获得“中国新闻奖”“中国广播电视新闻奖”“五一新闻奖”等奖项。\n王阳获奖记录 \n中国新闻奖\n获奖时间\n奖项名称\n获奖作品\n获奖结果\n2012-10\n第二十二届(2011年)中国新闻奖电视直播类二等奖\n《东日本大地震周月特别报道》\n获奖\n2005-07\n第十五届(2004年)中国新闻奖电视专题类三等奖\n《残奥会特别节目》\n获奖\n王阳出版作品 \n《电视节目中的创新思维》， 中国广播电视出版社; 第1版 (2004年1月1日）\n\n请问王阳是什么职业？", "input": "", - "output": "王阳是中央电视台新闻中心的主任编辑，他同时还是《本周》栏目的制片人及主编，以及中国传媒大学和南昌大学的客座教授。他负责新闻中心的编辑工作，并且在节目制作和教育领域也有所涉及。这些信息说明了他在新闻媒体行业具有很高的地位，能够解决Human您对他职业方面的疑问。", + "output": "王阳是中央电视台新闻中心的主任编辑，他同时还是《本周》栏目的制片人及主编，以及中国传媒大学和南昌大学的客座教授。他负责新闻中心的编辑工作，并且在节目制作和教育领域也有所涉及。这些信息说明了他在新闻媒体行业具有很高的地位，能够解决您对他职业方面的疑问。", "history": [] }, { @@ -123465,7 +123465,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鸡\n鸡是一种家禽，家鸡源出于野生的原鸡，其驯化历史至少约4000年，但直到1800年前后鸡肉和鸡蛋才成为大量生产的商品。鸡的种类有火鸡、乌鸡、野鸡等。而且鸡也是12生肖中的一属。\n中文名\n鸡\n拉丁学名\nGallus gallus domesticus\n界\n动物界\n门\n脊索动物门\n亚 门\n脊椎动物亚门\n纲\n鸟纲\n亚 纲\n今鸟亚纲\n目\n鸡形目\n科\n雉科\n族\n雉族\n属\n原鸡属\n种\n红原鸡\n亚 种\n家鸡\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n鸡历史 \n我国是世界上最早驯养鸡的国家，至少有四千多年的历史。在湖北、江西、山东、河南、甘肃等省都发现有四千多年前的鸡骨或陶鸡。中国家鸡由野鸡驯化而成，有许多优良品种，其中九斤黄和狼山鸡十分有名。九斤黄，又叫浦东鸡，产于上海南汇、奉贤、川沙一带，是一种大型肉鸡，羽毛、喙、脚皆为黄色，因此又名三黄鸡。九斤黄，个体特大，肉味鲜美，因此受到世界人民的欢迎，对世界家鸡的品种改良起了很大作用。1843年首先引入英国，1847年输入美国。美国洛克鸡是1865年由中国九斤黄与黑白斑的美国鸡杂交而成。日本在隋朝时引入中国鸡种，到幕府末期，引入上海的九斤黄鸡，培育成著名的名古屋卵肉兼用鸡。狼山鸡主要产于江苏一带，此种鸡抗病能力强，胸部鸡肉发达。1872年输入到英国，英国的有名品种奥品顿鸡由狼山鸡与当地鸡杂交而成。后来狼山鸡又输入到美国和德国。可见，中国古代家鸡品种对世界影响是非常大的。\n鸡风俗\n\n我看到了一篇关于鸡的百科，了解了一些关于鸡的基本知识和驯化历史。我想知道家鸡驯化的过程是怎样的？", - "你好Human，家鸡的驯化过程始于大约4000年前。它们起源于野生的原鸡，经过长时间的驯养和人工选择，逐渐演变成今天我们熟知的家鸡。人们驯养鸡的初衷可能是因为鸡能产下鸡蛋供人们食用，而后来鸡肉也成为了重要的蛋白质来源。在驯化的过程中，家鸡品种的多样化也得到了发展，如火鸡、乌鸡、野鸡等。此外，中国古代的家鸡品种对世界家鸡品种改良产生了深远的影响，如九斤黄鸡和狼山鸡等。" + "家鸡的驯化过程始于大约4000年前。它们起源于野生的原鸡，经过长时间的驯养和人工选择，逐渐演变成今天我们熟知的家鸡。人们驯养鸡的初衷可能是因为鸡能产下鸡蛋供人们食用，而后来鸡肉也成为了重要的蛋白质来源。在驯化的过程中，家鸡品种的多样化也得到了发展，如火鸡、乌鸡、野鸡等。此外，中国古代的家鸡品种对世界家鸡品种改良产生了深远的影响，如九斤黄鸡和狼山鸡等。" ], [ "可以给我举一些鸡的优良品种和它们的特点吗？", @@ -123855,7 +123855,7 @@ "history": [ [ "新能源汽车技术\n《新能源汽车技术》是2014年5月机械工业出版社出版的书籍，作者是张金柱。\n书 名\n新能源汽车技术\n作 者\n张金柱\n出版社\n机械工业出版社\n出版时间\n2014年05月04日\n定 价\n23 元\n开 本\n16 开\nISBN\n978-7-111-45719-0\n \n新能源汽车技术内容简介 \n本书全面系统地论述了新能源汽车技术的定义与分类，阐述了新能源汽车的类型，发展新能源汽车的必要性和新能源汽车发展现状及趋势；重点介绍了电动汽车用动力电池、电动汽车用电动机、纯电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车、燃料电池电动汽车和太阳能汽车等的结构、原理，还包括能源汽车的使用、维修及故障诊断等。书中内容既有在新能源汽车上已经广泛应用的成熟技术，也有最新发展的一些高新技术。\n新能源汽车技术图书目录 \n前言第一章绪论第一节新能源汽车概述第二节新能源汽车的发展第二章电动汽车动力电池第一节蓄电池概述第二节蓄电池的结构与原理第三节蓄电池的管理系统第三章电动汽车电机驱动系统第一节概述第二节直流电动机第三节异步交流电动机第四节开关磁阻电动机第五节永磁同步电动机第六节轮毂电动机第四章纯电动汽车第一节概述第二节纯电动汽车的结构与原理第三节纯电动汽车实例第五章混合动力汽车第一节概述第二节混合动力汽车的结构与原理第三节混合动力汽车的关键部件第四节混合动力汽车实例第五节混合动力汽车维修第六章燃料电池汽车第一节燃料电池概述第二节质子交换膜燃料电池第三节燃料电池汽车概述第四节燃料电池汽车的结构与原理第五节燃料电池汽车实例第七章燃气汽车第一节概述第二节燃气汽车的结构与原理第三节燃气汽车实例第四节燃气汽车维护第八章醇类燃料汽车第一节概述第二节醇类燃料汽车的结构与原理第三节醇类燃料汽车实例第四节醇类燃料汽车维护第九章太阳能汽车第一节概述第二节太阳能汽车的结构与原理第三节太阳能汽车实例参考文献\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我《新能源汽车技术》这本书的出版时间和作者是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！《新能源汽车技术》这本书的作者是张金柱，它是由机械工业出版社于2014年5月4日出版的。这本书为读者提供了关于新能源汽车技术方面的详细讲解。" + "《新能源汽车技术》这本书的作者是张金柱，它是由机械工业出版社于2014年5月4日出版的。这本书为读者提供了关于新能源汽车技术方面的详细讲解。" ], [ "很棒！那你能再告诉我关于这本书的内容简介吗？", @@ -124113,7 +124113,7 @@ "history": [ [ "基督山伯爵\n《基督山伯爵》是2016年中国友谊出版公司出版的图书。\n书 名\n基督山伯爵\n作 者\n大仲马\n类 别\n图书>中小学用书>小学阅读>课外阅读\n出版社\n中国友谊出版公司\n出版时间\n2016年\n开 本\n32 开\n装 帧\n平装-胶订\nISBN\n9787505735484\n \n基督山伯爵内容简介 \n《基督山伯爵》是大仲马尤为优秀、特别受人欢迎的通俗小说之一。小说讲述了青年水手埃德蒙•唐代斯被告密而遭迫害，越狱后化名基督山伯爵报恩复仇的故事。“法老号”的年轻大副唐代斯受船长临终之托为拿破仑党人送一封信，遭两个卑鄙小人和阴险检察官维尔福的陷害，被关入死牢，剥夺了本该属于他的美好阳光、爱情和前程。十八年后，他带着狱友法里亚教士临死前告诉他的秘密，越狱逃生，找到宝藏后成为巨富，从此他化名基督山伯爵。经过精心策划，他报答了恩人，惩罚了三个想置他于死地的仇人。\n基督山伯爵图书目录\n\n请问这本《基督山伯爵》是什么时候出版的？", - "你好，Human！《基督山伯爵》是在2016年由中国友谊出版公司出版的。如果你还有其他关于这本书的问题，请随时问我。" + "《基督山伯爵》是在2016年由中国友谊出版公司出版的。如果你还有其他关于这本书的问题，请随时问我。" ], [ "这本书的作者是谁？他还写过哪些著作？", @@ -124464,7 +124464,7 @@ "history": [ [ "密宗\n《密宗》是1996年8月1日西藏人民出版社出版的图书，作者尕藏加\n书 名\n密宗\n作 者\n尕藏加\n类 别\n哲 学 -> 哲 学 -> 宗教\n出版社\n西藏人民出版社\n出版时间\n1996年08月01日\n页 数\n291 页\n定 价\n18.8 元\n开 本\n32 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n7223009446\n副标题\n西藏佛教神秘文化\n版 次\n1\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n密宗内容提要 \n本书依据大量的第一手藏文资料，并利用巳掌握的古今研究成果，仅就藏族宗教文化中最引人注目的藏传佛教密宗(以下简称藏密)文化的历史渊源、理论结构、实践步骤及其主要特色等作比较系统地论述。特别对藏密文化中最奥妙、最核心的部分，比如藏密四级独立门户之金刚大法、藏密三位一体之秘密修持法、藏密人佛合一法等进行重点剖析。藏密素以派系众多、修法特异所著称，为此，本书对藏密中最重要、最有影响、最具代表性的各个法门，诸如宁玛派的“大圆满”法、噶举派的“大手印”法、萨迦派的“道果”法、噶当派的“三士道”法、希解派的“坟墓瑜伽”法、觉囊派的“六支瑜伽”法、格鲁派的“显密贯通”法等秘密修持法，从高深的理论到具体的实践都一一作详细、明了的介绍。本书旁及藏密丰富多彩、蕴含深长的教规礼仪，以及超常的宗教艺术或文化智慧等方面。最后对藏民族的一些特异信仰，尤其对藏密文化与藏族人之间的密不可分的信仰关系进行分析说明。总之，本书将尽可能全面而又概要地揭示藏密文化的来龙去脉；剖析藏密文化所蕴含的深奥理论和实践智慧；详细介绍藏密诸派精湛的秘密修持法。作者将尽全力将本书写成一部熔学术性、知识性为一炉的藏传佛教密宗文化专著。\n密宗图书目录\n\n根据以上提供的信息，请问这本《密宗》是何时出版的？", - "你好，Human！这本《密宗》是在1996年8月1日出版的。这本书是通过西藏人民出版社发行的，作者是尕藏加。希望这些信息能对你有所帮助。" + "这本《密宗》是在1996年8月1日出版的。这本书是通过西藏人民出版社发行的，作者是尕藏加。希望这些信息能对你有所帮助。" ], [ "请简要介绍一下这本书的具体内容。", @@ -125043,7 +125043,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蛋白质粉\n蛋白质粉是采用提纯的缺乏甲硫氨酸的大豆蛋白、或酪蛋白、或乳清蛋白、或豌豆蛋白的几种蛋白组合体，为人补充蛋白质。基本组成单位是氨基酸，与人体有关的氨基酸有20多种；氨基酸组成、数量以及多肽的空间结构不同，形成成千上万种蛋白质。成人从饮食中摄取的氨基酸有8种，儿童为9种，称为必需氨基酸。\n中文名\n蛋白粉\n外文名\nAlbumen Powder\nCAS登录号\n9048-46-8\n水溶性\n微溶于水，不溶于乙醇\n外 观\n无臭色粉末\n主要成分\n蛋白质\n原 料\n动植物蛋白\n \n同义词\n白蛋白粉一般指蛋白质粉\n \n蛋白质粉价值 \n有效保障人体的正常生理需求蛋白质是人体氮元素的主要来源，不但能提供消耗的部分能量，还能用来合成新的组织。成人体内蛋白质约占体重的17%，每天都有3%的蛋白质参加代谢更新。婴幼儿、青少年、孕妇、哺乳期妇女，除了维持组织蛋白质更新外，还要合成新的组织。当体内蛋白质不足时，人的基本生命活动就会受到影响，可导致儿童、青少年生长迟缓，体重过轻，智力发育障碍；成年人出现疲倦，体重减轻，贫血，血浆白蛋白降低，甚至水肿；并可引起妇女月经障碍\n。预防心血管疾病的发生心脏病在西方发达国家中，是导致死亡的第一杀手。血浆胆固醇含量高是导致心脏病的主要原因。饮食中动物脂肪可以提高血浆胆固醇含量，是导致动脉硬化、诱发心脏病的重要因素。饱和脂肪酸、胆固醇、血胆固醇过多与心脏病有着直接联系，减少血浆胆固醇，也就减少了心脏病的发病危险。1982年，多国科学家分别在意大利和瑞士，对高胆固醇患者采用大豆蛋白质替代动物蛋白质对比实验，结果证明每天摄取50克大豆蛋白，其血浆总胆固醇量下降了20%，这项研究证明大豆蛋白质可以降低高胆固醇患者的血脂和胆固醇对心脏的不利影响。在美国，医生建议心脏病患者在使用降低胆固醇药物之前，食用大豆蛋白质。因为大豆蛋白质既非药物（无毒副作用）又便宜，能有效预防心脏病，并且没有任何副作用。替代动物蛋白，减轻糖尿病患者肾脏负担肾病是一种常见的长期糖尿病并发症，20%多的糖尿病患者肾功能受损。摄入动物蛋白，将增加肾脏负担，从而导致病情的加重。大豆蛋白质通过降低血浆胆固醇含量，起到防止和减轻动物蛋白对肾脏的损害。通过对肾病患者的饮食治疗观察，用大豆蛋白质替代动物蛋白效果最好，肾病患者也乐于接受含有大豆蛋白的食品。\n蛋白质粉食用 \n蛋白质粉适量食用\n\n请问蛋白质粉是什么？", - "你好，Human！蛋白质粉是一种补充蛋白质的产品，主要来源于大豆蛋白、酪蛋白、乳清蛋白或豌豆蛋白等。蛋白质是氨基酸的组合体，与人体有关的氨基酸有20多种。蛋白质对人体非常重要，它不仅能提供能量还能合成新的组织。用蛋白质粉来补充蛋白质能有效保障人体的正常生理需求，特别适合婴幼儿、青少年、孕妇、哺乳期妇女等特殊人群。" + "蛋白质粉是一种补充蛋白质的产品，主要来源于大豆蛋白、酪蛋白、乳清蛋白或豌豆蛋白等。蛋白质是氨基酸的组合体，与人体有关的氨基酸有20多种。蛋白质对人体非常重要，它不仅能提供能量还能合成新的组织。用蛋白质粉来补充蛋白质能有效保障人体的正常生理需求，特别适合婴幼儿、青少年、孕妇、哺乳期妇女等特殊人群。" ], [ "蛋白质粉有哪些好处？", @@ -125211,7 +125211,7 @@ "history": [ [ "起点终点小说\n《起点终点》是一部网络小说，作者是筱月。\n \n起点终点内容简介 \n当爱情遭遇别离，当我们的内心遭遇分离的煎熬，这份爱又将遭遇何等的坎坷和磨折？当原本恩爱的我们，遭遇命运的捉弄，为何要应用这样的方式来考验我们彼此的感情？而这份情在岁月的载浮载沉中又将何去何从，拥有怎样的结局？如果一切起点都将成为终点，如果一切终点皆成为起点，在这世俗繁陈的世界里，爱情的结果又该是相聚还是别离？\n起点终点作品目录 \n第一卷 当你带着我的爱离开这座城市的时候，天空下起了漫天飞舞的细雨。我们的爱，在这一刻，究竟是起点，还是终点呢？1．蓝色妖姬2．分别的一星期 编外?幸福的心3．思念的随笔4．失落的心情5．回思6．畅想7．距离8．聚散离思9．爱你的心第二卷 你带着这份爱洒脱的选择了离开，却留下我一人在这失落的汪洋里载浮载沉……1．承诺2．魔力3．落寞的心情4．雨at拥抱5．孤夜6．彷徨7．忧伤8．选择at付出9．坚定\n\n我最近在看一本名字叫《起点终点》的小说，这本小说是关于爱情的吗？", - "你好，Human。《起点终点》确实是一部关于爱情的网络小说。它讲述了主人公们在面临爱情中的离别、痛苦、考验时如何处理和应对这些挑战。作者通过这本小说表达了爱情在世俗世界中的坎坷和磨折，以及爱情结局的不确定性。起点和终点的定义也在爱情的历程中得到了不同的诠释。" + "《起点终点》确实是一部关于爱情的网络小说。它讲述了主人公们在面临爱情中的离别、痛苦、考验时如何处理和应对这些挑战。作者通过这本小说表达了爱情在世俗世界中的坎坷和磨折，以及爱情结局的不确定性。起点和终点的定义也在爱情的历程中得到了不同的诠释。" ], [ "这本书的作者是谁？", @@ -125406,7 +125406,7 @@ "history": [ [ "打造\n打造是一个汉语词语，读音是dǎ zào，即制造、创造的意思。出自宋 吴自牧 《梦粱录·嫁娶》。\n中文名\n打造\n外文名\nmake，forge\n拼 音\ndǎ zào\n词 性\n动词\n解 释\n创造一个新物种，或品种\n近义词\n塑造\n \n打造词语解释 \n制造。谓拓印。\n打造词语出处 \n宋·吴自牧 《梦粱录·嫁娶》：“若富家官户，多用金银打造鱼筯各一双。”《水浒传》第五六回：“小可是祖传打造军器为生……若要打造，便可下手。”鲁迅 《花边文学·刀“式”辩》：“这或者也难怪，不是 日本 人，怎么会挂‘ 日本 指挥刀’呢？一定是照 日本 式样，自己打造的了。”宋·周密 《癸辛杂识续集下·演福新碑》：“﹝ 家之巽 志行 ﹞为 演福寺 作 观音殿 碑……碑成，打造遍送当路。”咟喥咟萪\n\n请问“打造”这个词语是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！ “打造” 是一个汉语词语，读音是dǎ zào。它主要表示制造、创造的意思。例如，可以用来描述创造一个新物种、品种等。它是一个动词。" + " “打造” 是一个汉语词语，读音是dǎ zào。它主要表示制造、创造的意思。例如，可以用来描述创造一个新物种、品种等。它是一个动词。" ], [ "“打造”这个词出自哪里？", @@ -127016,7 +127016,7 @@ "history": [ [ "王语嫣电视剧《天龙八部》中的角色\n王语嫣是金庸武侠小说《天龙八部》中的角色，1997年版电视剧《天龙八部》由李若彤饰演\n，2003年版电视剧《天龙八部》由刘亦菲饰演\n。\n中文名\n王语嫣\n别 名\n神仙姐姐\n饰 演\n李若彤 刘亦菲\n性 别\n女\n登场作品\n《天龙八部》电视剧1997版、《天龙八部》电视剧2003版(2003年版)\n \n王语嫣角色形象 \n \n刘亦菲饰 王语嫣(4张)\n 王语嫣文静而有才学，是个温柔可人，美丽脱俗，气质清雅的姑娘，她性格单纯，没有太多的内心世界，从小生活在没有男人的曼佗山庄，爱上自己年轻的表哥，如同所有少女一样，她对自己的白马王子也曾有过许多幻想。她几乎看遍了天下的武学秘籍，只是为了能多和自己心爱之人说上几句话而已，然而最后，慕容复的狠心绝情让她无比绝望，反被段誉的真诚所感动\n。\n王语嫣人物关系 \n \n李若彤版王语嫣(58张)\n \n神仙姐姐雕像画像(4张)\n 王语嫣是段正淳的女儿，慕容复的表妹，段誉心目中的神仙姐姐\n。\n\n你好，请问王语嫣是哪部金庸武侠小说里的角色？", - "你好，Human。王语嫣是金庸武侠小说《天龙八部》中的一位重要角色。她拥有温柔可人、美丽脱俗、气质清雅的形象，性格单纯，居住在没有男人的曼佗山庄。她在故事中有着重要的地位。" + "王语嫣是金庸武侠小说《天龙八部》中的一位重要角色。她拥有温柔可人、美丽脱俗、气质清雅的形象，性格单纯，居住在没有男人的曼佗山庄。她在故事中有着重要的地位。" ], [ "那几部最为经典的《天龙八部》电视剧分别是哪些演员饰演的王语嫣？", @@ -127157,7 +127157,7 @@ "history": [ [ "铜环\n铜环，读音tóng huán，汉语词语，意思是铜制的门环。\n中文名\n铜环\n拼 音\ntóng huán\n注 音\nㄊㄨㄙˊ ㄏㄨㄢˊ\n出 处\n《武昌西山》\n解 释\n铜制的门环\n \n铜环解释 \n亦作\"铜镮\"，铜制的门环，借指门，宋代三品官员祭服上的一种铜制环饰。\n铜环出处 \n宋·苏轼《武昌西山》诗：“江边晓梦忽惊断，铜环玉锁鸣春雷。”元·冯奖翁《金马门赋》：“当关级文石之玉，启钥响铜环之雷。”清·黄景仁《沁园春·梦断》词：“几载相思，连宵入梦，今夜铜环风动开。”《宋史·舆服志四》：“三品，五旒冕，皁绫绶，铜环，金涂铜革带，佩，馀如二品服。”\n\n请问铜环是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。铜环是一个汉语词语，读音为tóng huán。它的意思是铜制的门环。通常用于门上作为装饰或者作为开关门用途的铜制环形物品。" + "铜环是一个汉语词语，读音为tóng huán。它的意思是铜制的门环。通常用于门上作为装饰或者作为开关门用途的铜制环形物品。" ], [ "铜环是用来做哪些方面的装饰？", @@ -127337,7 +127337,7 @@ "history": [ [ "超立方体数学名词\n超立方体是数学中立方体的四维类似物，所谓的点动成线，线动成面，面动成体。在四维空间(非三维-时间概念)中，立方体的移动形成四维的超立方体，由无数个立方体所组成的，具有四维的观念。\n中文名\n超立方体\n外文名\nhypercube\n别 名\n正八胞体，立方体柱，4-4边形柱\n领 域\n几何学\n空 间\n四维立方体\n \n超立方体简介 \n在几何学中，超立方体是立方体的四维类比，有8个立方体胞。四维超正方体之于立方体，就如立方体之于正方形。它是四维欧式空间中6个四维凸正多胞体之一。超正方体是一个有无穷多个成员的凸正多胞形家族的四维成员，这个家族被称为“超方形”（或称立方形、正测形），这个家族的成员与施莱夫利符号{4,3,3,……,3,3}，它们都具有类似正方形和立方体的性质，如二胞角都为90°等。超立方体这个名称在一般的场合中特指四维的这个超正方体，不过在数学上，“超立方体”这个词可以指n维（n>3）的任意一个超方形，因此把它和n维的其他超方形放在一起讨论时，要加“四维”以示区别。\n超立方体几何性质 \n在四维欧几里得空间的标准四维方体是点(±1, ±1, ±1, ±1)的凸包。它包含了点：\n四维超立方体由八个超平面(\n )包围。两两非平行超平面相交，共形成四维方体的24个正方形面。每条棱有3个立方体和3个正方形相交。在每一顶点有4个立方体、6个正方形和4条棱相交。四维方体共有8个立方体、24个正方形、32条棱和16个顶点。边长为a的四维超正方体超体积是\n ，表体积是\n 。若一个四维超立方体的棱长为1，则其外接超球半径为1，外中交超球（经过超立方体各棱中点的三维超球）半径为\n ,内中交超球（经过超立方体各面中心的三维超球）半径为\n ，内切超球半径为\n 。事实上，对于任意一个棱长为a的n维超方形,其自身中心到任意一个k维元素的中心的距离为\n 。四维方体的每一顶点与4条棱相邻，所以四维方体的顶点形是正四面体。所以四维方体的施莱夫利符号是{4,3,3}。其对偶多胞体是正十六胞体，施莱夫利符号是{3,3,4}。\n超立方体投影 \n超立方体1.二维投影\n\n请问超立方体是什么？", - "你好，Human。超立方体是数学中立方体的四维类似物。在四维空间中，立方体的移动形成四维的超立方体，由无数个立方体所组成，并具有四维的特性。它在几何学中属于四维欧式空间内的多胞体，其中包括8个立方体。类比于立方体之于正方形，四维超正方体之于立方体有相似的性质。" + "超立方体是数学中立方体的四维类似物。在四维空间中，立方体的移动形成四维的超立方体，由无数个立方体所组成，并具有四维的特性。它在几何学中属于四维欧式空间内的多胞体，其中包括8个立方体。类比于立方体之于正方形，四维超正方体之于立方体有相似的性质。" ] ] }, @@ -127577,7 +127577,7 @@ "history": [ [ "玩具熊\n李玉玺推出第二张全创作专辑《Mr.Lucy》，主打歌《玩具熊》。\n中文名\n玩具熊\n歌曲原唱\n李玉玺\n填 词\n李玉玺\n谱 曲\n李玉玺\n编 曲\n周菲比\n制作人\n陈又齐\n \n玩具熊创作背景 \n玉玺在家发现已被自己遗忘许久在角落长满灰尘的玩偶，突然灵光乍现的用玩偶的第一人称写出了这首歌。将每个人的“纯真”譬喻成玩具熊，表达每个人在成长过程中都会渐渐的变得世故，但其实人们心中都有一只玩具熊，只是需要被寻找和擦亮。\n玩具熊歌曲歌词 \n记得你总是要我在身边我不在你就会流下眼泪每一个黑夜都会说着哼着故事然后轻轻抱着我入眠我出现在你笑脸的每张照片每座你荡过的秋千草地上唱歌转圈一直是我最深的想念Play with me play with me在角落冬眠Play with me 那双泪是不是你在找我朋友 你一天比一天高我也慢慢地缩小是否已经有别的取代了我再让我回到故事中再让我带你做个美梦快快拾起我 抖落我身上的灰你不小心用吉他挡住了我说话对象变成女朋友 每一个黑夜都会想着等着故事然后慢慢发现你已入眠Play with me play with me在角落冬眠Play with me 那双泪是不是你在找我朋友 你一天比一天高我也慢慢地缩小是否已经有别的取代了我再让我回到故事中再让我带你做个美梦快快拾起我 抖落我身上的灰相信有一天我们会打破沉默相信你不是刻意的遗失了我我还在等候 从前的午后 oh朋友 你一天比一天高我也慢慢地缩小是否已经有别的取代了我再让我回到故事中再让我带你做个美梦快快拾起我 抖落我身上的灰 ohoh ya快快拾起我 抖落我身上的灰 ohoh ya快快拾起我 抖落我身上的灰\n\n请问《玩具熊》这首歌的背景是什么呢？", - "你好，Human。《玩具熊》这首歌的创作背景起源于歌手李玉玺在自己的家中发现了一个长满灰尘的被遗忘的玩具熊。他从玩具熊的第一人称角度来写这首歌，用玩具熊象征人们的纯真。歌曲表达了每个人在成长过程中会变得越来越世故，但内心深处仍有一只玩具熊，只是需要被寻找和擦亮。" + "《玩具熊》这首歌的创作背景起源于歌手李玉玺在自己的家中发现了一个长满灰尘的被遗忘的玩具熊。他从玩具熊的第一人称角度来写这首歌，用玩具熊象征人们的纯真。歌曲表达了每个人在成长过程中会变得越来越世故，但内心深处仍有一只玩具熊，只是需要被寻找和擦亮。" ], [ "请告诉我《玩具熊》这首歌的歌词的主要内容。", @@ -127640,7 +127640,7 @@ "history": [ [ "自信心\n自信心是一种反映个体对自己是否有能力成功地完成某项活动的信任程度的心理特性，是一种积极、有效地表达自我价值、自我尊重、自我理解的意识特征和心理状态，也称为信心。自信心的个体差异不同程度地影响着学习、竞赛、就业、\n成就等多方面的个体心理和行为。自信心是日常生活中常常谈起的一个概念，而在心理学中，与自信心最接近的是班杜拉 （A.Bandura）在社会学习理论中提出的自我效能感 (self-efficacy)的概念。\n中文名\n自信心\n外文名\nself-confidence\n概 述\n日常生活中常常谈起的一个概念\n语言塑造\n养成记日记的习惯\n提高途径\n自信心增强 自信心的来源于变现\n作 用\n我们成功后的一种“良性情感”\n建立方法\n自信正是一种美妙的生活态度\n \n自信心背景介绍 \n产生自信心，是指不断地超越自己，产生一种来源于内心深处的最强大力量的过程。这种强大的力量一旦产生，你就会产生一种很明显的毫无畏惧的感觉、一种“战无不胜”的感觉。当你拥有自信心之后，原本不能轻易解决的问题也能在不经意间迎刃而解，得到成功的滋味。\n自信心基本情况 \n自信心定义\n自信心是对过去获得很多成功经验的结晶。\n自信心自我效能\n班杜拉认为，在某一情境下，决定自我效能感的四个主要因素：1.行为成就：效能期望主要取决于过去发生了什么；以前的成功导致高的效能期望，而以前的失败导致低的效能期望。2.替代经验：观察他人的成败，可以对自我效能感产生与自己的成败相似的影响，但作用小一些。3.言语劝说：当你尊敬的人强烈认为你有能力成功的应付某一情境时，自我效能感可以提高。4.情感唤起：高水平的唤起可导致人们经历焦虑与紧张，并降低自我效能感。\n自信心建立方法 \n自信心意义\n\n我想了解一下自信心是什么？", - "你好，Human。自信心是一种心理特性，指的是个体对自己是否具有成功地完成某项活动的信任程度。它是一种积极的心理状态，表现为自我价值、自我尊重和自我理解的意识特征。在心理学领域，与自信心相似的概念是社会学习理论中的自我效能感（self-efficacy），这个概念最早由班杜拉（A.Bandura）提出。" + "自信心是一种心理特性，指的是个体对自己是否具有成功地完成某项活动的信任程度。它是一种积极的心理状态，表现为自我价值、自我尊重和自我理解的意识特征。在心理学领域，与自信心相似的概念是社会学习理论中的自我效能感（self-efficacy），这个概念最早由班杜拉（A.Bandura）提出。" ], [ "自信心跟自我效能感有什么区别吗？", @@ -127697,7 +127697,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中国美术家协会中国各民族美术家组成的人民团体\n中国美术家协会是由中共中央书记处领导，中共中央宣传部代管的由中国各民族美术家组成的人民团体，是全国政协的发起单位之一，是中国文学艺术界联合会的团体会员。中国美协会址设在北京，在全国各省、直辖市、自治区成立分会，称中国美术家协会（省市区）分会。1990年后，各分会改成为中国美协的团体会员，各省、直辖市、自治区分会改为以各省、直辖市、自治区冠名的美术家协会，如中国美术家协会广东省分会改为广东省美术家协会。\n中文名\n中国美术家协会\n外文名\nChina Artists Association\n简 称\n中国美协\n发起单位\n全国政协\n会 址\n北京市朝阳区北沙滩1号院32号楼中国文艺家之家B座18层\n成就领域\n美术创作、美术评论、美术史研究\n声 明\n著作维权\n现任主席\n范迪安\n职能定位\n中国各民族美术家组成的人民团体\n \n中国美术家协会机构位置 \n中国美术家协会\n中国美术家协会发展历史\n\n请问中国美术家协会是一个什么样的组织？", - "你好，Human。中国美术家协会是一个由中国各民族美术家组成的人民团体。它由中共中央书记处领导，中共中央宣传部代管。中国美术家协会旨在促进美术创作、美术评论和美术史研究的发展。此外，它也是全国政协的发起单位之一和中国文学艺术界联合会的团体会员。该组织在全国各省、直辖市、自治区设有分会。" + "中国美术家协会是一个由中国各民族美术家组成的人民团体。它由中共中央书记处领导，中共中央宣传部代管。中国美术家协会旨在促进美术创作、美术评论和美术史研究的发展。此外，它也是全国政协的发起单位之一和中国文学艺术界联合会的团体会员。该组织在全国各省、直辖市、自治区设有分会。" ], [ "那么中国美术家协会的总部在哪里呢？", @@ -127927,7 +127927,7 @@ "history": [ [ "假面骑士Build2017年日本东映特摄剧\n《假面骑士Build》（原文：仮面ライダービルド/Kamen Rider Build）是“平成假面骑士”系列的第19部作品，于2017年播出。是该系列史上初次以“物理科学”作为设计原型之一。本作标题以及主角骑士的名字“Build”，正是“创造、形成”的意义，这也符合主角的身份——青年天才物理学家，同时是拥有平成骑士IQ比较高的主角。主角的变身道具是科研人员常用的“实验试剂瓶”，战斗就如同在科学实验一般。而且从主角口头禅“那么，开始实验吧”与“胜利的法则已然决定！”，可见物理实验与法则是本作中的一大线索。另一方面，导演也宣称本作世界观的规模是史上最大——涉及了整个日本列岛。中国大陆由腾讯视频独家正版播放。\n中文名\n假面骑士Build\n外文名\n仮面ライダービルド\nKamen Rider Build\n别 名\n假面骑士创造(直译)、假面骑士创骑(新创华译)、幪面超人Build(港译)\n类 型\n剧情、科幻\n出品公司\n东映株式会社\n制片地区\n日本\n拍摄地点\n日本\n发行公司\n朝日电视台\n首播时间\n2017年9月3日 至 2018年8月26日\n导 演\n田崎龙太\n、上堀内佳寿也\n、诸田敏\n、中泽祥次郎\n、山口恭平\n、柴崎贵行\n编 剧\n武藤将吾\n制片人\n井上千寻\n大森敬仁\n菅野步\n主 演\n犬饲贵丈(二役)、赤楚卫二(二役)、高田夏帆、越智友己、泷裕可里、水上剑星、前川泰之(二役)、武田航平、木山廉彬、小久保丈二、浜田晃(二役)、山田明乡、魏凉子、富家规政(三役)、荣信(二役)、芹泽兴人(二役)、吉村卓也(二役)、足立理、奈须田雄大、金尾哲夫(声演)、雨宫天(声演)\n集 数\n49 话\n每集长度\n约 23 分钟\n在线播放平台\n腾讯视频\n接 档\n假面骑士Ex-Aid\n被接档\n假面骑士Zi-O\n原 作\n石森章太郎\n版权代理\n上海新创华文化发展有限公司\n普通话配音\n北斗企鹅工作室\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n假面骑士Build作品介绍 \n假面骑士Build剧情简介\n「来吧，开始实验吧。」行星探测船从火星带回的神秘之箱“潘多拉魔盒”。从箱中释放出来的能量制造出了巨大的墙壁，日本被分成了三部分。至此10年后。在谜之怪人“猛击者”暗中活动在东都街头，传说存在着为了保护人们而战斗的假面骑士Build。那个真身是丧失记忆的天才物理学家·桐生战兔。解开潘多拉魔盒之谜，取回自己的记忆的战斗至此拉开了序幕。\n\n你好，请问假面骑士Build是哪一年播出的？", - "你好，Human！《假面骑士Build》是在2017年播出的。该剧于2017年9月3日开始播放，并一直持续到2018年8月26日。这部作品是“平成假面骑士”系列的第19部作品。希望我的回答对你有所帮助。" + "《假面骑士Build》是在2017年播出的。该剧于2017年9月3日开始播放，并一直持续到2018年8月26日。这部作品是“平成假面骑士”系列的第19部作品。希望我的回答对你有所帮助。" ], [ "请问这部剧以什么为设计原型？", @@ -128168,7 +128168,7 @@ "history": [ [ "内存\n内存(Memory)是计算机的重要部件，也称内存储器和主存储器，它用于暂时存放CPU中的运算数据，以及与硬盘等外部存储器交换的数据。它是外存与CPU进行沟通的桥梁，计算机中所有程序的运行都在内存中进行，内存性能的强弱影响计算机整体发挥的水平。只要计算机开始运行，操作系统就会把需要运算的数据从内存调到CPU中进行运算，当运算完成，CPU将结果传送出来。内存的运行决定计算机整体运行快慢。内存条由内存芯片、电路板、金手指等部分组成。\n中文名\n内存\n外文名\nMemory\n别 名\n内存储器\n所 属\n计算机配套硬件\n接口类型\nDIP、SIMM、DIMM\n技术指标\n内存容量、存取时间、延迟\n \n内存产品介绍 \n在计算机的组成结构中有一个很重要的部分是存储器。它是用来存储程序和数据的部件。对于计算机来说，有了存储器，才有记忆功能，才能保证正常工作。存储器的种类很多。按其用途可分为主存储器和辅助存储器，主存储器又称内存储器（简称内存，港台称之为记忆体）。\n内存又称主存。它是CPU能直接寻址的存储空间，由半导体器件制成。特点是存取速率快。内存是电脑中的主要部件，它是相对于外存而言的。我们平常使用的程序，如：Windows操作系统、打字软件、游戏软件等。一般安装在硬盘等外存上，但仅此是不能使用其功能，必须把它们调入内存中运行，才能真正使用其功能。我们平时输入一段文字或玩一个游戏，其实是在内存中进行。好比在一个书房，存放书籍的书架和书柜相当于电脑的外存，我们工作的办公桌相当于内存。通常，我们把要永久保存、大量数据存储在外存上，把一些临时或少量的数据和程序放在内存上。当然，内存的好坏会直接影响电脑的运行速度。\n内存是暂时存储程序以及数据的地方。当我们使用WPS处理文稿时，当你在键盘上敲入字符时，它被存入内存中。当你选择存盘时，内存中的数据才会被存入硬（磁）盘。\n内存发展 \n计算机诞生初期并不存在内存条的概念。最早的内存是以磁芯的形式排列在线路上，每个磁芯与晶体管组成的一个双稳态电路作为一比特（BIT）的存储器。每一比特都要有玉米粒大小，可以想象一间机房只能装下不超过百k字节左右的容量。后来才出现了焊接在主板上的集成内存芯片，以内存芯片的形式为计算机的运算提供直接支持。那时的内存芯片容量都特别小，最常见的莫过于256K×1bit、1M×4bit。虽然如此，但对于那时的运算任务来说却绰绰有余了。\n内存内存条\n\n请问内存是计算机中的什么部件？", - "你好，Human！内存（Memory），也叫内存储器或主存储器，是计算机的重要部件。内存存放着中央处理器（CPU）运算的数据以及与外部存储器（如硬盘）交换的数据。内存是外存与CPU进行沟通的桥梁，计算机中所有程序的运行都在内存中进行。内存性能的强弱会影响计算机整体发挥的水平。" + "内存（Memory），也叫内存储器或主存储器，是计算机的重要部件。内存存放着中央处理器（CPU）运算的数据以及与外部存储器（如硬盘）交换的数据。内存是外存与CPU进行沟通的桥梁，计算机中所有程序的运行都在内存中进行。内存性能的强弱会影响计算机整体发挥的水平。" ], [ "为什么我们使用的程序需要在内存中运行？", @@ -128478,7 +128478,7 @@ "history": [ [ "幼儿园保育\n《幼儿园保育》是北京师范大学出版社于2001年3月出版的一本图书，作者是阎岩。\n书 名\n幼儿园保育\n作 者\n阎岩\n类 别\n图书>教育与考试>学前、幼儿教育\n出版社\n北京师范大学出版社\n出版时间\n2001年03月01日\n页 数\n211 页\n开 本\n32 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787303056637\n全套丛书\n11本\n \n内容简介《幼儿园保育》系上海市幼儿教育工作者们近年来在幼儿教育领域探索和研究的产物。全套丛书共有11本，包括《幼儿园师资队伍建设》《幼儿教育管理》《幼儿园保育》《幼儿园体育》《幼儿园德育》《幼儿园课程》《幼儿园游戏与玩具》《幼儿园设施设备》《幼儿家庭教育指导》《学前特殊教育》《幼儿创造教育》。这些图书涵盖了学前教育研究的诸多领域，有理论的分析也有实践的探索，具有较强的参考价值。本书为2007年10月第4次印刷。\n\n请问《幼儿园保育》这本书是由哪位作者创作的？", - "你好，Human。《幼儿园保育》这本书是由阎岩创作的。请问还有什么其他问题我可以帮你解答吗？" + "《幼儿园保育》这本书是由阎岩创作的。请问还有什么其他问题我可以帮你解答吗？" ], [ "谢谢，这本书是在哪一年被出版的？", @@ -128524,7 +128524,7 @@ "history": [ [ "怪物猎人XX任天堂Switch主机游戏\n《怪物猎人XX NS版》（）是Capcom发行的动作类游戏，年月日上市为任天堂新主机NS独占。\n本作为怪物猎人X的级强化版，画面提升至高解析度，由怪物猎人4制作人辻本良三和怪物猎人制作人小岛慎太郎创作。\n在前作的基础上加入全新的狩猎风格与狩技，两只新加入的怪物，与前作的“四大封面怪”组成本作的六大主力怪，二名特殊个体也从前作的12只增加到18只，老山龙、岩龙、角龙、冰牙龙等8只曾在系列前作中登场的经典怪物回归，G级任务解禁\nNintendo Switch版对应高清画质(1080p)之外，还能随时切换外出的携带模式（720p）以及在自宅游玩的TV模式，享受更加自由自在的狩猎。\n中文名\n怪物猎人XX\n外文名\nMonster Hunter XX Nintendo Switch Ver.\n游戏平台\nNintendo Switch\n开发商\nCapcom\n发行公司\nCapcom\n上市时间\n年月日 日版\n画 面\nFull HD 1080P\n类 型\n动作角色扮演游戏（ARPG）\n \n怪物猎人XX历史沿革 \nNS版《MHXX》发表当日，CAPCOM股价飙涨10%至涨停位，一举扭转持续将近四个月的低迷颓势，市场投资者显然普遍看好该社未来在NS平台的美好“钱景”。\nCAPCOM选择在《MHW》正式披露前夕匆忙公布《MHXX》显然是迫于市场（任天堂）的压力，用惯常的隐晦手段暗示《MH》系列并未转换平台，NS未来依然将会有全新作品登场。\nNeogaf神秘用户MatrixMan.EXE近日再次发布了消息，宣称NS版的MH完全新作已在开发途中。\n《MH》系列今时在欧美市场的影响力，归功于过去数年来任天堂不遗余力的宣传，由任天堂负责发行的几作销量都在150万以上，\n其中最高《MH4G》为181万套（截至2017年1月末官方数据）。而CAPCOM自主发行的《MHX》累计销量才勉强突破百万，两社市场宣传力的悬殊可见一斑。\n怪物猎人XX游戏特色 \n怪物猎人XX掌机模式\n本游戏对应了NS所拥有的机能，能够在TV模式与便携模式之间随意切换。可以在任何时间任何地点以随心所欲的方式进行游玩了。\n在外出时，将游戏机切换为便携模式去做任务，在归宅之后将主机连接到电视上，继续享受大魄力的狩猎\n怪物猎人XX全新要素\n\n请问怪物猎人XX是什么类型的游戏？", - "你好，Human。怪物猎人XX（Monster Hunter XX Nintendo Switch Ver.）是一款动作角色扮演游戏（ARPG），由Capcom开发和发行。它是怪物猎人系列的一部分，这款游戏是怪物猎人X的升级版，特色在于狩猎怪物和完成任务。" + "怪物猎人XX（Monster Hunter XX Nintendo Switch Ver.）是一款动作角色扮演游戏（ARPG），由Capcom开发和发行。它是怪物猎人系列的一部分，这款游戏是怪物猎人X的升级版，特色在于狩猎怪物和完成任务。" ], [ "这款游戏在任天堂Switch平台上有什么独特之处？", @@ -128940,7 +128940,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奇花异果\n《奇花异果》内容简介：植物世界谱写着气势恢宏的华美乐章，满目苍翠，遍地秋叶，报四季冷暖；婀娜多姿，五彩斑斓，展史诗画卷。含羞草羞见暮色，跳舞草闻歌起舞，草木也多情；奇特的摄食、有效的防御、有趣的运动，胎生繁殖、报时节律，相生相克、传递信息，植物世界的动物特性妙趣横生。\n书 名\n奇花异果\n作 者\n蒋厚泉\n出版社\n华中科技大学出版社\n出版时间\n2009年11月\nISBN\n9787560957326\n \n奇花异果内容简介 \n保持水土、涵养水源，防风固沙、调节气候，体现出植物守护自然环境的巨大魄力；提供衣食、修桥建屋、造纸制器，彰显着植物孕育人类文明的宏伟贡献；预报气象、指示南北、制造氮肥、生产油料，展示出植物世界创造未来的神奇魅力。\n奇花异果作者简介 \n蒋厚泉，中科院华南植物园策划总工，知名科普专家，国内著名杂志、报纸科普专栏主编，从事旅游推广工作多年。专事策划国内知名旅游景区，国内知名植物园科普活动，有多项成功案例。\n奇花异果图书目录 \n前言巨叶似熊掌——虎颜花雨林中的“茶”花皇后——弯子木耀眼的蓝宝石——反光蓝蕨有生命的蚂蚁窝——号角树非洲最大的芦荟——大树芦荟风度翩翩的绅士——领带兰会开花的“石头”——生石花花会褪色味似蒜——蒜香藤天然翡翠鸟——禾雀花四季花常在——日日樱长在树上的“鹿角”——二歧鹿角蕨植物舞蹈家——跳舞草飘荡在空气中的老人须——松萝凤梨世界最大的兰花——巨兰根茎难分的珍贵药材——墨西哥薯蓣靓丽的“猫尾巴”——长穗猫尾草飞花似流星——蜂出巢茎生金荷——地涌金莲艳若红火炬——瓷玫瑰魔鬼与天使的化身——魔鬼文心兰果似玉雕——洋蒲桃果似棋盘桌脚——小花棋盘脚热带水果皇后——树菠萝长在树上的西瓜——铁西瓜奇果似人心——人心果印度圣果——西印度醋栗身披黄金甲——黄花风铃木亭立在树上的紫荷——紫苞芭蕉垂花火鸟——金嘴蝎尾蕉半是章鱼半是贝——扇贝兰植物书法家——泰国倒吊笔长在树上的面包——面包树辣椒也爱俏——五角辣椒热带宝树——椰子水果之王——榴莲惟妙惟肖的米老鼠——金莲木……\n奇花异果图书信息 \nISBN号：978-7-5609-5732-6书名：奇花异果作者：蒋厚泉主编单价：25.00元出版社：华中科技大学出版社\n奇花异果内容简介\n\n你好，请问这本《奇花异果》是什么类型的书籍？", - "你好，Human。《奇花异果》是一本关于植物世界的科普书籍。本书详细介绍了各种奇特的植物及其特性，让读者领略到植物世界的美丽和神奇。此外，它还讲述了植物对于环境保护、人类文明发展和未来创新等方面的巨大贡献。这样的书籍能帮助大家增长见识，了解自然界的奥妙。" + "《奇花异果》是一本关于植物世界的科普书籍。本书详细介绍了各种奇特的植物及其特性，让读者领略到植物世界的美丽和神奇。此外，它还讲述了植物对于环境保护、人类文明发展和未来创新等方面的巨大贡献。这样的书籍能帮助大家增长见识，了解自然界的奥妙。" ], [ "作者蒋厚泉有什么背景？", @@ -129432,7 +129432,7 @@ "history": [ [ "苏州艺术学校苏州市中等职业艺术学校\n苏州艺术学校（苏州昆曲学校）建于1959年。现座落于运河之畔，傍依千年古刹寒山寺，隶属苏州市文化广播电视管理局。是从事培养艺术表演和文化产业专业人才的中等职业艺术学校。\n中文名\n苏州艺术学校\n创办时间\n1956年\n办学性质\n公办中等专业学校\n学校类别\n艺术\n主管部门\n苏州市文化广播电视管理局\n院系设置\n昆曲、古琴、中国舞、器乐、影视动画、文物鉴赏与保护、文化旅游与宾馆服务、影视表演与艺术主持\n \n苏州艺术学校交流合作 \n学校坚持以传承世界文化遗产和弘扬优秀民族文化为教学支撑，以培养学生创新能力和实践能力为中心，密切联系社会发展和市场需求，与中央音乐学院、中国音乐学院、北京舞蹈学院、中国戏曲学院、解放军艺术学院、南京艺术学院、上海戏剧学院、苏州工艺美术职业技术学院、苏州职业大学、苏州工业园区职业技术学院等高校建立了良好的合作关系。为中央及省、市的地方和军队艺术团体、社会文化机构、中外企业集团培养和输送了数千名各类艺术表演和文化产业的毕业生。学校通过教学与科研、教学与展示相结合。先后接待了联合国教科文组织等十多个国际机构和境外艺术团队的访问，多次前往美国、意大利、澳大利亚、法国、新加坡、韩国、日本、拉托维亚和香港、台湾等地进行艺术交流。我校在开展艺术学历教育的同时，先后与中国音乐学院、南京艺术学院等合作承办了各类艺术培训和考级工作。连续十年为各类考生承办了考前辅导工作，具备良好的社会信誉。\n苏州艺术学校开设课程 \n学校现设昆曲、古琴、中国舞、器乐、影视动画、文物鉴赏与保护（修复工艺）、文化旅游与宾馆服务（导游）、影视表演与艺术主持等专业。以招收小学毕业生的六年制中专，初中毕业生三年制中专和五年制大专（高职）为主。学校为增强学生的社会就业技能，先后在苏州地区及周边城市建立了20多个实训实习基地。\n苏州艺术学校所获荣誉 \n学校为国家教育部授予的“中国西部教育顾问”单位，南京艺术学院高职院后备生生源基地，上海戏剧学院戏曲学院苏州昆曲教学点，中国音乐学院考级单位，中国艺术教育学会成员单位，江苏省动画学会理事单位。《人民日报》、《光明日报》、《解放日报》、《扬子晚报》、《中国文化报》、《苏州日报》等先后对我校艺术教育进行了专题报道。\n\n请问苏州艺术学校是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！苏州艺术学校（苏州昆曲学校）成立于1959年。这是一所致力于培养艺术表演和文化产业专业人才的中等职业艺术学校，隶属于苏州市文化广播电视管理局。这所学校的历史悠久，有丰富的教育经验。" + "苏州艺术学校（苏州昆曲学校）成立于1959年。这是一所致力于培养艺术表演和文化产业专业人才的中等职业艺术学校，隶属于苏州市文化广播电视管理局。这所学校的历史悠久，有丰富的教育经验。" ], [ "这所学校开设哪些专业呢？", @@ -130069,7 +130069,7 @@ "history": [ [ "女皇\n女皇，主要表示女性帝皇之类含义。历史上记录丹朱的母亲也称女皇。塔罗牌中也有女皇牌名，也有以女皇为名的音乐专辑。\n中文名\n女皇\n表 示\n女性帝皇之类\n音乐专辑\n女皇\n 历史记载《世本·帝系篇》（清张澍稡集补注本）：“尧取散宜氏之子，谓之女皇。女皇生丹朱。”丹朱，尧的儿子。传说尧娶散宜氏女，生丹朱。丹朱受封于丹水。当尧之时，部落之间的战争仍不断，且很激烈。一说丹朱是尧之嗣子，尧说他“心既顽嚣，又好争讼”，深知其子丹朱之不肖，所以不用他，而让位于舜。这是后人推崇尧舜禅让说之思想的反映。丹朱是否果真不肖已无可考证。《山海经》一书记载古代首领有帝号的不多，而丹朱却有了帝号，称作帝丹朱。郑玄说：“德配天地，在正不在私，曰帝”。这说明丹朱在汉代人眼里是古代是很有德望、声名很显赫的人。但《竹书纪年》记载：“舜囚尧，复偃塞丹朱，不与父相见”。可见尧不传子而让位于舜似并非尧之本意，而是迫于舜的威力。或说是舜排斥了尧子丹朱而篡夺了尧位，说明尧并非不想传子，尧子也不一定不肖。这说明当尧之时，位传子还是传贤，家天下还是公天下，正处于激烈斗争当中。丹朱是尧帝子。帝尧生十子，丹朱为其嫡长子，出生时全身红彤彤，因取名“朱”，朱开通聪明，智慧极高，是世界围棋界始祖,并传为史上围棋第一高手，从小极受尧的宠爱。但其个性刚烈,做事坚决有主见，欠和顺和政治智慧，被尧视为“不肖乃翁”。咟喥咟萪\n\n根据这段信息内容，尧的儿子丹朱是谁？", - "您好，Human！根据提供的信息，尧的儿子丹朱是尧皇帝和散宜氏女的孩子。丹朱出生时全身红彤彤，因此取名为“朱”。他在围棋方面具有极高的智慧，被认为是世界围棋界的始祖和史上第一高手。然而，他个性刚烈和坚决，欠缺和顺和政治智慧，因此被尧视为“不肖乃翁”。" + "根据提供的信息，尧的儿子丹朱是尧皇帝和散宜氏女的孩子。丹朱出生时全身红彤彤，因此取名为“朱”。他在围棋方面具有极高的智慧，被认为是世界围棋界的始祖和史上第一高手。然而，他个性刚烈和坚决，欠缺和顺和政治智慧，因此被尧视为“不肖乃翁”。" ], [ "尧为什么没有把皇位传给丹朱？", @@ -130408,7 +130408,7 @@ "history": [ [ "一箱情愿云南卫视新派交友节目\n《一箱情愿》是云南电视2台都市频道为都市男身男女量身打造的新派交友节目。\n中文名\n一箱情愿\n类 型\n真人秀，婚恋交友节目\n主持人\n胡总，小水仙，小米渣，白帆等\n播出频道\n云南电视2台都市频道 YNTV2\n播出时间\n周四、周五22：30\n \n一箱情愿简介 \nYNTV2 首播：周四、周五22：30重播：周六、周日11：40 周一、周二22：30\n一箱情愿节目看点 \n“你想在节目的五十分钟里了解到两个人需要相处半年才能知道的习惯吗？”“爱一个人，除了爱TA的优点，你能包容她的缺点和秘密吗？”《一箱情愿》打破了传统“相亲”类节目的形式，从“小秘密”入手，让参与节目的嘉宾了解对方藏在箱子中小秘密或是一些小缺点，在谈话的过程中，设置了几个互动环节，充满了悬念。这便是节目名称的由来。看双方能否接受对方的这些“秘密”，或说“缺点”，也是针对目前众多情感真人秀类节目“只说自己好的，不说自己坏的”，在往后相处的过程中往往从希望到失望的弊病而设计的不一样的新派交友类节目。节目当中除了嘉宾之间的对话环节以外，还特设了情感观察员，从一个第三方的角度来分析评论嘉宾们各自的爱好，秘密等。\n\n你好，请问《一箱情愿》这个节目是怎么样的一个交友节目？", - "你好，Human！《一箱情愿》是云南电视2台都市频道打造的一档新派交友节目。这个节目的特点在于通过让参与者分享彼此的“小秘密”和缺点，让大家在短时间内了解两个人需要相处半年才能知道的习惯，这样打破了传统“相亲”类节目的形式。节目的过程中，还设置了几个互动环节，增加了悬念。此外，节目还特设了情感观察员，从一个第三方的角度来分析评论嘉宾们各自的爱好，秘密等。" + "《一箱情愿》是云南电视2台都市频道打造的一档新派交友节目。这个节目的特点在于通过让参与者分享彼此的“小秘密”和缺点，让大家在短时间内了解两个人需要相处半年才能知道的习惯，这样打破了传统“相亲”类节目的形式。节目的过程中，还设置了几个互动环节，增加了悬念。此外，节目还特设了情感观察员，从一个第三方的角度来分析评论嘉宾们各自的爱好，秘密等。" ], [ "那《一箱情愿》播出的时间是什么时候呢？", @@ -131183,7 +131183,7 @@ "history": [ [ "栀子\n栀子，女作家，现居北京，发表作品近百万字，出版长篇小说《房产大鳄》等。 有影视作品被拍摄。《房产大鳄》作者：栀子 \n书 名\n栀子\n出版社\n贵州人民出版社\n出版时间\n2011年11月1日\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装\n字 数\n430000\n \n栀子基本信息 \n栀子，女作家，现居北京，发表作品近百万字，出版长篇小说《房产大鳄》等。 有影视作品被拍摄。《房产大鳄》作者：栀子　著版次：1页数：349印刷时间：2011-11-1纸张：胶版纸印次：1\n栀子内容简介 \n一场场风花雪月的情事，一张张神秘莫测的关系网，一条条错综复杂的利益链，直击房地产开发商的秘密武器。“80后”无房青年，成功男人身后遭嫌弃的柔弱女人，两对人间至爱如奔腾不息的河，荡涤了两颗陷入迷途的蒙尘灵魂……第一章　冯威龙雇用叶小篮到底想让她做什么?第二章　神秘的美艳女子到来，郑小燕被乱箭穿心第三章　叶玫瑰与冯威龙之间的商场激战第四章　郑小燕的正气歌：大厦倾覆前后第五章　玫瑰别墅\n\n你好，请问《房产大鳄》是谁写的？", - "你好，Human！《房产大鳄》是由女作家栀子所著。她现居北京，已发表作品近百万字，并出版过多部长篇小说。这部小说由贵州人民出版社于2011年11月1日出版。" + "《房产大鳄》是由女作家栀子所著。她现居北京，已发表作品近百万字，并出版过多部长篇小说。这部小说由贵州人民出版社于2011年11月1日出版。" ], [ "《房产大鳄》这部小说主要讲述了什么内容？", @@ -132040,7 +132040,7 @@ "history": [ [ "舒芙蕾芝士\n舒芙蕾芝士是以奶油奶酪、黄油为主料制作的食品。\n中文名\n舒芙蕾芝士\n主要食材\n奶油奶酪、黄油\n \n舒芙蕾芝士用料 \n材料用量奶油奶酪300g黄油45g蛋黄57g糖20g粟粉11g牛奶150g蛋白95g砂糖55g\n舒芙蕾芝士做法 \n1. 奶油奶酪室温软化（或用微波炉打软36度左右），黄油微波炉融化2. 奶油奶酪和黄油混合，用打蛋器打起3. 蛋黄加糖打散，筛入粟粉拌匀4. 煮沸的牛奶加进2的盆里快速搅拌，将盆放在沸水里面，用搅拌器快速搅拌蛋糊，直到粘稠为止立刻离开热水（我加多了一个步骤就是过滤一下）5. 加进奶酪黄油糊中，充分搅拌均匀，盖上挤干水分的热毛巾6. 蛋白冷冻至周围一圈结霜，加入一点点糖搅打，变白变细腻时，再加入剩余糖的1/2，打到湿性发泡以前，再加入剩下的糖搅几下让蛋白光亮7. 1/4蛋白加入之前用热毛巾盖着的混合物中，混匀后，加入剩下的再混匀8. 模具周围和底下都垫上油纸，倒入面糊，模具外面包裹锡纸，放在注满热水的烤盘里9. 关键的烤制阶段来啦：180度15分钟，之后160度25分钟，上色了就关火，留在烤箱里40~60分钟（我放了60分钟），膨胀起的蛋糕会缩下去，取出10. 整个包保鲜膜（我套了保鲜袋），冷藏过夜\n\n我想请教你如何制作舒芙蕾芝士，你可以帮忙吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以，我会根据上面提供的信息来详细解答你的问题。下面是制作舒芙蕾芝士所需的材料和用量：\n\n奶油奶酪300g\n黄油45g\n蛋黄57g\n糖20g\n粟粉11g\n牛奶150g\n蛋白95g\n砂糖55g\n\n以下是制作舒芙蕾芝士的步骤：\n\n1. 奶油奶酪室温软化（或用微波炉打软至36度左右），黄油微波炉融化。\n2. 混合奶油奶酪和黄油，用打蛋器打起。\n3. 蛋黄加糖打散，筛入粟粉拌匀。\n4. 煮沸的牛奶加进步骤2的盆里快速搅拌，将盆放在沸水里面，用搅拌器快速搅拌蛋糊，直到粘稠为止立刻离开热水（可以过滤一下）。\n\n接下来的步骤，就是将蛋白打发，加入到之前的混合物中，然后放入模具并烘烤。是否需要我继续详细介绍后续步骤呢？" + "当然可以，我会根据上面提供的信息来详细解答你的问题。下面是制作舒芙蕾芝士所需的材料和用量：\n\n奶油奶酪300g\n黄油45g\n蛋黄57g\n糖20g\n粟粉11g\n牛奶150g\n蛋白95g\n砂糖55g\n\n以下是制作舒芙蕾芝士的步骤：\n\n1. 奶油奶酪室温软化（或用微波炉打软至36度左右），黄油微波炉融化。\n2. 混合奶油奶酪和黄油，用打蛋器打起。\n3. 蛋黄加糖打散，筛入粟粉拌匀。\n4. 煮沸的牛奶加进步骤2的盆里快速搅拌，将盆放在沸水里面，用搅拌器快速搅拌蛋糊，直到粘稠为止立刻离开热水（可以过滤一下）。\n\n接下来的步骤，就是将蛋白打发，加入到之前的混合物中，然后放入模具并烘烤。是否需要我继续详细介绍后续步骤呢？" ] ] }, @@ -132787,7 +132787,7 @@ "history": [ [ "只爱陌生人王菲歌曲\n王菲专辑《只爱陌生人》的同名主打歌曲，发行于1999年。由林夕作词，张亚东作曲。 \n中文名\n只爱陌生人\n所属专辑\n只爱陌生人\n歌曲时长\n0时3分43秒\n歌曲原唱\n王菲\n填 词\n林夕\n谱 曲\n张亚东\n编 曲\n张亚东\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n发行时间\n1999年9月10日\n导 演\nSusie Au (区雪儿）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n只爱陌生人歌词内容 \n只爱陌生人作词:林夕 作曲:张亚东演唱:王菲我爱上一道疤痕我爱上一盏灯我爱倾听转动的秒针不爱其他传闻我爱的比脸色还单纯比宠物还天真当我需要的只是一个吻就给我一个吻我只爱陌生人我只爱陌生人给我爱上某一个人爱某一种体温喜欢看某一个眼神不爱其他可能我爱的比脸色还单纯比宠物还天真当我需要的只是一个吻就给我一个吻我只爱陌生人我只爱陌生人我只爱陌生人我只爱陌生人\n只爱陌生人歌曲鉴赏 \n《只爱陌生人》却似乎成了王菲立场的一次标示。因为她的缄默，人们渴望能在专辑中揣测她的内心世界。这是娱乐界向来喧宾夺主的不二法则。\n只爱陌生人歌手简介 \n1989年，王菲凭借歌曲《仍是旧句子》在香港出道。1992年，王菲英推出大碟《Coming Home》，其中《容易受伤的女人》在香港走红。1998年春晚上与那英合唱《相约九八》而在大陆走红。\n只爱陌生人翻唱版本 \n时间歌曲歌手平台2017年12月15日《只爱陌生人》张靓颖梦想的声音第二季 第7期\n\n请告诉我王菲的专辑《只爱陌生人》的发行时间。", - "你好，Human！王菲的专辑《只爱陌生人》发行于1999年9月10日。希望这个信息对你有帮助。" + "王菲的专辑《只爱陌生人》发行于1999年9月10日。希望这个信息对你有帮助。" ], [ "只爱陌生人这首歌的歌词作者和作曲家是谁？", @@ -133224,7 +133224,7 @@ "history": [ [ "张靓颖中国内地流行乐女歌手\n张靓颖（Jane Zhang），1984年10月11日出生于四川省成都市，中国内地流行乐女歌手。2005年，获得湖南卫视选秀节目《2005超级女声》年度季军而正式出道\n。2006年，发行个人首张录音室专辑《The One》，凭该专辑获得第6届中国金唱片奖“通俗类女演员奖”\n。2007年，发行个人第二张录音室专辑《UPDATE*JANE》\n。2008年，为电影《画皮》演唱主题曲《画心》\n。2009年，发行个人第三张录音室专辑《@音乐》；同年，参加美国CBS电视台访谈节目《奥普拉脱口秀》\n。2010年，全亚洲发行个人第四张录音室专辑《我相信》；同年，出席第52届格莱美奖官方红毯秀\n，并获得第28届亚洲最杰出艺人奖\n。2011年，发行个人第五张录音室专辑《改变》，该专辑获得国际唱片业协会认证“双倍白金唱片销量”\n。2012年，发行现场音乐专辑《倾听》\n。2014年，发行个人第六张录音室专辑《第七感》。2015年，演唱美国电影《终结者：创世纪》全球主题曲《Fighting Shadows》\n。2016年，推出个人首支英文单曲《Dust My Shoulders Off》\n。2017年，出席第59届格莱美奖与美国公告牌音乐奖的官方红毯秀；同年，担任美国时尚节目《2017维多利亚的秘密时尚秀》的表演嘉宾\n。2018年3月，她演唱的英文单曲《808》累计八周进榜“美国公告牌热舞/电子歌曲50强榜单”\n。2019年，发行个人首张英文专辑《Past Progressive》\n。2022年，推出与薛之谦合作演唱的录音室单曲《可》\n。\n中文名\n张靓颖(中文繁体：張靚穎)\n外文名\nJane Zhang(英语)\n장량잉(韩语)\nジェーン・チャン(日语)\nДжейн Чжан(俄语)\nTrương Lương Dĩnh(越南语)\n别 名\n张珍女士(始于2016年)、井姐(始于2011年)、女神(始于2005年)\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n出生地\n四川省成都市\n出生日期\n1984年10月11日(农历九月十七)\n星 座\n天秤座\n血 型\nO型\n身 高\n162 cm\n体 重\n49 kg\n职 业\n歌手\n经纪公司\n哆咪哆音乐\n代表作品\n\n你好，请问你了解张靓颖这个人物吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，我了解张靓颖。她是1984年10月11日出生于四川省成都市的一位中国内地流行乐女歌手。2005年，她因获得湖南卫视选秀节目《2005超级女声》年度季军而正式出道。张靓颖拥有丰富的音乐作品，曾发行多张个人专辑及参与多部电影、电视剧的主题曲演唱，同时在国际舞台上也取得了一系列丰硕的成果。" + "是的，我了解张靓颖。她是1984年10月11日出生于四川省成都市的一位中国内地流行乐女歌手。2005年，她因获得湖南卫视选秀节目《2005超级女声》年度季军而正式出道。张靓颖拥有丰富的音乐作品，曾发行多张个人专辑及参与多部电影、电视剧的主题曲演唱，同时在国际舞台上也取得了一系列丰硕的成果。" ], [ "能告诉我她的第一张专辑分别是什么名字以及发行时间吗？", @@ -133804,7 +133804,7 @@ "history": [ [ "皇子\n皇子指春秋战国时期齐国的贤士皇子告敖；皇子，复姓。春秋齐有皇子告敖；皇帝的子嗣。\n中文名\n皇子\n含 义\n齐国贤士皇子告敖\n出 自\n《庄子·达生》\n用 处\n复姓\n 详细解释1.皇帝的的子嗣。\n《史记·孝文本纪》：“﹝孝文皇帝二年﹞三月，有司请立皇子为诸侯王。”《史记·孝武本纪》：“孝景四年，以皇子为胶东王。” 唐元稹《李逢吉等加阶》：“某官李逢吉是朕皇子时侍读也。” 明王铎《太子少保兵部尚书节寰袁公神道碑》：“反以勋陟（袁可立）少司马。皇子生，畀三世诰，荫一子枢。”2.复姓。春秋齐有皇子告敖。见《庄子·达生》。3.三国魏曹植所作《皇太子生颂》的简称。南朝梁刘勰《文心雕龙·颂赞》：“陈思所缀，以《皇子》为标。”咟喥咟萪\n\n请问皇子这个词语有哪些含义？", - "你好，Human！皇子这个词语有三个主要含义。首先，它可以指春秋战国时期齐国的贤士皇子告敖；其次，它可以表示皇帝的子嗣，即皇帝的子女；最后，皇子还可以作为一个复姓。这些含义来源于《庄子·达生》、《史记·孝文本纪》、《史记·孝武本纪》等古籍。这样的解释应该可以帮助你了解“皇子”的概念。" + "皇子这个词语有三个主要含义。首先，它可以指春秋战国时期齐国的贤士皇子告敖；其次，它可以表示皇帝的子嗣，即皇帝的子女；最后，皇子还可以作为一个复姓。这些含义来源于《庄子·达生》、《史记·孝文本纪》、《史记·孝武本纪》等古籍。这样的解释应该可以帮助你了解“皇子”的概念。" ], [ "请给我讲讲关于皇子告敖的故事。", @@ -133846,7 +133846,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鲜核桃\n鲜核桃，又称青皮核桃，顾名思义是未经过干燥过程的核桃，通常指7月份结的核桃，去皮后的鲜核桃仁可以直接食用，也可用于烹饪。鲜核桃中人体必需的氨基酸含量及其他氨基酸的含量都高于储存一段时间后的干核桃,这说明干核桃在干燥的过程中，由于高温、光照、通风等因素影响，极大地加速了养分的流失。\n中文名\n鲜核桃\n季 节\n7月份结的核桃\n拼 音\nxiān hé táo\n功 用\n直接食用 烹饪\n \n鲜核桃功用 \n7月份结的核桃，去皮后的鲜核桃仁，可以凉拌和炒菜用。鲜核桃具有补脑的作用。\n鲜核桃营养价值 \n核桃生食营养损失最少，在收获季节不经干燥取得的鲜核桃仁更是美味。吃鲜核桃仁在发达国家比较普遍。有关科技开发中心正在攻克鲜核桃仁的加工保鲜技术，相信在不久的将来，中国的消费者就能随时随地吃到营养美味的鲜核桃仁了。\n鲜核桃食用量 \n关于核桃仁的食用量，一般认为每天吃5～6个核桃，约20～30克核桃仁为宜；吃得过多，会生痰、恶心；此外，阴虚火旺者、大便溏泄者、吐血者、出鼻血者应少食或禁食核桃仁。\n\n鲜核桃一般是在什么时候收获的？", - "你好，Human！鲜核桃，又称青皮核桃，一般是在7月份收获。" + "鲜核桃，又称青皮核桃，一般是在7月份收获。" ], [ "请告诉我鲜核桃的主要功用是什么？", @@ -134006,7 +134006,7 @@ "history": [ [ "稀盐酸溶液\n稀盐酸溶液为无色的澄明液体，呈酸性，可用于疥疮、花斑癣、汗斑等皮肤病。\n中文名\n稀盐酸溶液\n外文名\nsolution of hydrochloric acid\n性 状\n无色的澄明液体，呈酸性\n作 用\n用于疥疮、花斑癣、汗斑等皮肤病\n \n稀盐酸溶液成分 \n盐酸\n稀盐酸溶液性状 \n本品为无色的澄明液体，呈酸性。\n稀盐酸溶液类别 \n外用药。\n稀盐酸溶液作用与用途 \n必须与硫代硫酸钠溶液配合使用，用于疥疮、花斑癣、汗斑等皮肤病。\n稀盐酸溶液用法与用量 \n外用，先涂40%硫代硫酸钠溶液于患处，待稍干后，再涂本品。每日3～4次，连续3～4周。在治疗开始和结束时，应煮洗内衣、被褥等。\n稀盐酸溶液不良反应 \n有酸性刺激作用。\n稀盐酸溶液注意事项 \n避免用于颜面部皮肤。皮肤破溃及对酸性溶液有明显刺激者禁用.\n\n请问稀盐酸溶液是什么？", - "你好，Human！稀盐酸溶液是一种无色的澄明液体，呈酸性。它的主要成分是盐酸，通常用于外用药。稀盐酸溶液与硫代硫酸钠溶液配合使用可以治疗疥疮、花斑癣、汗斑等皮肤病。" + "稀盐酸溶液是一种无色的澄明液体，呈酸性。它的主要成分是盐酸，通常用于外用药。稀盐酸溶液与硫代硫酸钠溶液配合使用可以治疗疥疮、花斑癣、汗斑等皮肤病。" ], [ "稀盐酸溶液如何使用？", @@ -134755,7 +134755,7 @@ "history": [ [ "替身\n《替身》，由90后独立音乐人马旭东独立完成作词、作曲、演唱的原创音乐作品。《替身》这首原创歌曲，在2011年5月22日，首发于QQ音乐。\n中文名\n替身\n所属专辑\n《微笑说离开》\n发行时间\n2011年5月22日\n歌曲原唱\n马旭东\n填 词\n马旭东\n谱 曲\n马旭东\n编 曲\n马旭东\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n和 声\n马旭东\n混 缩\n马旭东\n \n替身歌曲歌词 \n曾经你的笑那么单纯说一生只爱我一个人已经伤痕累累的灵魂如何继续诉说着永恒如今你却已经不再问我究竟爱你有多深那些我们有过的温存为何却变成一种残忍我只是他的替身延续你们的缘分是我给的爱太蠢还是现实太残忍我只是他的替身没有结局的我们是你给的爱太真还是爱情本来就该伤人点燃已经逝去的温存我知道我们都不再天真曾经为你付出的那个人只能在回忆痴痴的等画面定格在那一个吻可你的眼神却依然冰冷已经丢掉回忆的我们如何能打开那扇心门\n替身歌手简介 \n马旭东，90后独立音乐人，同样也是集词曲，编曲，演唱为一身的全能音乐人。\n\nHi 请你告诉我一下马旭东的《替身》是什么样的一首歌？", - "你好，Human！《替身》是一首由90后独立音乐人马旭东创作和演唱的原创音乐作品。这首歌曲于2011年5月22日首发于QQ音乐，收录在《微笑说离开》这张专辑里。歌曲类型为流行，歌曲的歌词描述了一个替身爱人在感情中的苦涩心情。马旭东在这首歌中独立完成了作词、作曲、编曲、演唱、和声以及混音工作。" + "《替身》是一首由90后独立音乐人马旭东创作和演唱的原创音乐作品。这首歌曲于2011年5月22日首发于QQ音乐，收录在《微笑说离开》这张专辑里。歌曲类型为流行，歌曲的歌词描述了一个替身爱人在感情中的苦涩心情。马旭东在这首歌中独立完成了作词、作曲、编曲、演唱、和声以及混音工作。" ], [ "马旭东在这首歌的创作背景是什么？", @@ -135384,7 +135384,7 @@ "history": [ [ "证券经纪人证券商\n证券经纪人指在证券交易所中接受客户指令买卖证券，充当交易双方中介并收取佣金的证券商。它可分为三类，即佣金经纪人、两美元经纪人与债券经纪人。从业者要通过证券从业资格考试获得从业资格后才能从事证券经纪业务。\n中文名\n证券经纪人\n外文名\nbill broker\n分 类\n个人经纪人，法人经纪人\n \n证券经纪人基本定义 \n证券经纪人佣金经纪人\n佣金经纪人与投资公众直接发生联系，其职责在于接受顾客的委托后的在交易所交易厅内代为买卖，并在买卖成交后向委托客户收取佣金。佣金经纪人是交易所的主要会员。\n证券经纪人两美元经纪人\n两美元经纪人不接受一般顾客的委托，而只受佣金经纪人的委托，从事证券买卖。\n证券经纪人债券经纪人\n债券经纪人是以代客买卖债券为业务，以抽取佣金为其报酬的证券商，另外，债券经纪人亦可兼营自行买卖证券业务。证券法规定，在证券交易中，代理客户买卖证券，从事中介业务的证券公司，为具有法人资格的证券经纪人。证券经纪业务是证券公司的主要业务，证券经纪业务的主体为证券经纪人。\n证券经纪人性质\n\n你好。根据以上信息，证券经纪人可分为哪三类？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，证券经纪人可以分为三类，分别是：佣金经纪人、两美元经纪人和债券经纪人。佣金经纪人直接与投资公众发生联系，代表客户在交易所交易厅内买卖证券并收取佣金；两美元经纪人只接受其他佣金经纪人的委托，从事证券买卖；债券经纪人则专门代客买卖债券，以抽取佣金为报酬，同时也可以兼营自行买卖证券业务。这三类经纪人根据他们的业务范围和客户群体有所不同。" + "根据提供的信息，证券经纪人可以分为三类，分别是：佣金经纪人、两美元经纪人和债券经纪人。佣金经纪人直接与投资公众发生联系，代表客户在交易所交易厅内买卖证券并收取佣金；两美元经纪人只接受其他佣金经纪人的委托，从事证券买卖；债券经纪人则专门代客买卖债券，以抽取佣金为报酬，同时也可以兼营自行买卖证券业务。这三类经纪人根据他们的业务范围和客户群体有所不同。" ], [ "如果我想成为一名证券经纪人，需要什么样的资格？", @@ -135551,11 +135551,11 @@ { "instruction": "太感谢你了。你提供的信息非常详细，对我很有帮助。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！我很高兴能够帮助您。如果您还有其他问题或需要更多关于三门峡服务区的信息，请随时告诉我，我会尽量提供详细的帮助。祝您旅途愉快！", + "output": "不客气！我很高兴能够帮助您。如果您还有其他问题或需要更多关于三门峡服务区的信息，请随时告诉我，我会尽量提供详细的帮助。祝您旅途愉快！", "history": [ [ "三门峡服务区\n三门峡服务区位于连霍高速K816处，坐落在三门峡市崖底乡岗上村，由于地势较高，站在服务区主楼上俯瞰整个三门峡市区：白天高楼林立，车辆川流不息，一派现代化城市景象；夜晚华灯灿烂，涧河就象一条闪亮的玉带环城而过，景色美不胜收。三门峡服务区于2001年11月19日正式投入使用，占地面积为204亩，建筑面积13600平方米。隶属于河南高速公路发展有限公司服务区管理分公司，机构设有综合办公室、财务部、餐饮部、商品部、客房部、物业部、汽修厂、加油站，是一所集餐饮、住宿、购物、停车、加油、汽车维修、降温加水供应于一体的多功能服务区，现有职工118人。\n中文名\n三门峡服务区\n地 点\n三门峡市崖底乡岗上村\n职 工\n118人\n占地面积\n为204亩\n \n三门峡服务区地理位置 \n河南三门峡湖滨区G30附近,桩号：K816+500\n三门峡服务区所属高速 \n连霍高速,G30\n三门峡服务区服务项目 \n汽修,餐厅,超市,加油站,公厕\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我关于三门峡服务区的一些基本信息吗？", - "你好，Human！三门峡服务区位于河南省三门峡市崖底乡岗上村，紧邻连霍高速公路（G30）的K816+500位置。服务区由河南高速公路发展有限公司管理，并于2001年11月19日投入使用。服务区占地面积达204亩，建筑面积为13600平方米，目前共有职工118人。" + "三门峡服务区位于河南省三门峡市崖底乡岗上村，紧邻连霍高速公路（G30）的K816+500位置。服务区由河南高速公路发展有限公司管理，并于2001年11月19日投入使用。服务区占地面积达204亩，建筑面积为13600平方米，目前共有职工118人。" ], [ "非常感谢你的回答。我想知道，这个服务区提供哪些服务项目呢？", @@ -135722,7 +135722,7 @@ "history": [ [ "好奇心汉语词汇\n好奇心，汉语词汇。拼音： hào qí xīn 释义：1、 [interest]∶对一些事物表示特别注意的情绪2、 [flair]∶喜欢探究不了解事物的心理状态。日益增长的好奇心。3、[curiosity]∶对于怪诞的嗜好或热情\n中文名\n好奇心\n拼 音\nhào qí xīn\n \n好奇心释义 \n喜欢注意新奇事物的心理。\n好奇心出处 \n周立波 《下放的一夜》：“他们有些是为好奇心驱使，来看一看的；有些是为同情心指引，想帮一手的。”\n好奇心示例 \n不要忽略孩子的好奇心，好奇心往往是创造发明的来源 。\n\n你好，请问好奇心是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！好奇心是一个汉语词汇，拼音为 hào qí xīn。它主要有三个义项：1. 对某些事物表示特别注意的情绪（interest），2. 喜欢探究不了解事物的心理状态（flair），以及对怪诞事物的嗜好或热情（curiosity）。总的来说，好奇心描述的是一个人对新奇事物的关注程度，以及探索未知的心理动力。" + "好奇心是一个汉语词汇，拼音为 hào qí xīn。它主要有三个义项：1. 对某些事物表示特别注意的情绪（interest），2. 喜欢探究不了解事物的心理状态（flair），以及对怪诞事物的嗜好或热情（curiosity）。总的来说，好奇心描述的是一个人对新奇事物的关注程度，以及探索未知的心理动力。" ], [ "能否举个好奇心的例子？", @@ -135837,7 +135837,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国资办\n国资办，全称为“国有资产监督管理办公室”，主要研究拟订行政事业单位国有资产管理的政策和规章制度，负责企业国有资产统计和国有企业财务决算备案工作，协助处理市国有资产管理办公室日常工作等\n中文名\n国资办\n外文名\nState-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Office\n全 称\n国有资产监督管理办公室\n目 的\n管理监督国有资产\n\n你好，我想了解一下国有资产监督管理办公室（国资办）的职责和功能。", - "你好，Human! 国有资产监督管理办公室（简称国资办）主要负责管理和监督国有资产。它的主要职责包括研究拟订行政事业单位国有资产管理的政策和规章制度、负责企业国有资产统计和国有企业财务决算备案工作，以及协助处理市国有资产管理办公室日常工作等。" + "国有资产监督管理办公室（简称国资办）主要负责管理和监督国有资产。它的主要职责包括研究拟订行政事业单位国有资产管理的政策和规章制度、负责企业国有资产统计和国有企业财务决算备案工作，以及协助处理市国有资产管理办公室日常工作等。" ], [ "国资办为什么要研究拟订行政事业单位国有资产管理的政策和规章制度？", @@ -136806,7 +136806,7 @@ "history": [ [ "杨皓然中国射击运动员、奥运会冠军\n杨皓然，1996年2月22日出生于河北承德，中国男子射击运动员，中国国家射击队成员。 2014年，杨皓然获得西班牙世界射击锦标赛男子十米气步枪个人和团体两枚金牌，此外，2013年-2016年，获得2个射击世界杯总决赛冠军和4个世界杯分站赛冠军 ，创一项成年组世界纪录\n、多次更新气步枪和50米步枪三姿项目的世界青年纪录。 2017年，获得第十三届全运会男子10米气步枪冠军和男子50米步枪三姿冠军。 2018年，在射击世界杯德国站比赛中，打破男子50米步枪三姿项目资格赛和决赛两项世界纪录，获得该项目金牌\n；8月，获得2018年雅加达亚运会男子十米气步枪冠军。\n2021年6月，杨皓然获得全国射击锦标赛男子10米气步枪冠军\n；7月，入选2020年东京奥运会中国体育代表团射击项目运动员名单\n；7月25日，杨皓然获得东京奥运会男子10米气步枪季军\n。7月27日，杨皓然与杨倩夺得2020东京奥运会10米气步枪混合团体决赛金牌。\n2021年8月9日，为表彰我国青少年运动员的突出贡献，共青团中央、全国青联决定，授予杨皓然“中国青年五四奖章”。\n2021年9月，被中华全国总工会授予“全国五一劳动奖章”。\n9月13日，在2021年全运会射击10米气步枪混合团体金牌战中，杨倩与杨皓然以17中的成绩拿到金牌。\n9月16日，全运会射击比赛继续进行，男子10米气步枪团体比赛，杨皓然领衔河北队获得冠军，个人收获本届全运会第二枚金牌。\n2021年12月，由杨皓然等55位世界冠军共同唱响《我们北京见》MV发布！\n中文名\n杨皓然\n外文名\nYang Haoran\n别 名\n杨浩然\n国 籍\n中国\n出生地\n河北承德\n出生日期\n1996年2月22日\n毕业院校\n河北体育学院\n运动项目\n射击\n所属运动队\n中国国家射击队\n主要奖项\n2020年东京奥运会10米气步枪混合团体金牌\n2020年东京奥运会男子10米气步枪铜牌\n2014年西班牙世界射击锦标赛男子十米气步枪个人、团体金牌 2014年仁川亚运会男子十米气步枪个人、团体金牌\n2018年雅加达亚运会男子十米气步枪金牌\n展开\n主要奖项\n2020年东京奥运会10米气步枪混合团体金牌\n2020年东京奥运会男子10米气步枪铜牌\n2014年西班牙世界射击锦标赛男子十米气步枪个人、团体金牌 2014年仁川亚运会男子十米气步枪个人、团体金牌\n2018年雅加达亚运会男子十米气步枪金牌\n\n请问杨皓然是哪一年开始成为中国国家射击队的队员的？", - "你好，Human！虽然具体的时间无法从上面的信息中精确得知，但我们可以推测杨皓然在2014年或更早之前已经加入了中国国家射击队。因为在2014年，他在西班牙世界射击锦标赛中获得了男子十米气步枪个人和团体两枚金牌。" + "虽然具体的时间无法从上面的信息中精确得知，但我们可以推测杨皓然在2014年或更早之前已经加入了中国国家射击队。因为在2014年，他在西班牙世界射击锦标赛中获得了男子十米气步枪个人和团体两枚金牌。" ], [ "谢谢回答！那杨皓然在射击世界杯分站赛分别获得的冠军分别是哪一站和哪一年？", @@ -137001,7 +137001,7 @@ "history": [ [ "加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校美国加利福尼亚州公立高校\n加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校（University of California, Davis），简称UCD或UC Davis，创立于1905年，位于美国加利福尼亚州戴维斯市，临近州府萨克拉门托，隶属于加利福尼亚大学系统，是一所美国顶尖的公立研究型大学，被誉为公立常春藤。\n加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校教职员来自美国国家科学院、美国艺术与科学学院、美国法学会、美国国家医学院以及美国国家工程院。大学教职员、校友和研究员共获得了诺贝尔奖\n、普利策奖、美国国家技术创新奖、国家科学奖章、美国国家艺术勋章、美国“青年科学家总统奖”、总统自由勋章、世界粮食奖、蓝色星球奖及麦克阿瑟天才奖等\n。学校下设10个学院，以农林\n、工程、管理、经济、法律、健康、社会、人文及艺术等科系著称，更是世界兽医、环境、语言、农业和经济可持续发展的一流研究和教育中心。学校农学、动植物、兽医学常年位列全美第一，其兽医和农学2018年均位列世界第2位，食品科学位列第10位\n；工程学、生物学、环境科学、心理学、经济学等专业常年保持在全美前30。加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校是美国大学协会、环太平洋大学联盟、国际公立大学论坛成员。学校名列2019福布斯美国最具价值大学排名第11位\n，2021QS美国大学排名第34位，2022U.S. News美国最佳大学排名第38位。 \n中文名\n加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校\n外文名\nUniversity of California, Davis\n简 称\nUC Davis\n创办时间\n1905年\n办学性质\n公立大学\n学校类别\n综合类研究型大学\n学校特色\n加利福尼亚大学成员\n公立常春藤\n美国大学协会成员\n环太平洋大学联盟成员\n国际公立大学论坛成员\n展开\n学校特色\n加利福尼亚大学成员\n公立常春藤\n美国大学协会成员\n环太平洋大学联盟成员\n国际公立大学论坛成员\nAPLU、URA成员\n收起\n现任领导\nGary Stephen May(校长)\n院系设置\n护理学院、农业及环境科学学院、生物科学学院、工程学院、文理学院、管理研究生院、教育学院、法学院等\n校 训\nFiat Lux（Let there be light；让光明普照）\n地 址\nOne Shield Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616\n主要奖项\n诺贝尔奖、菲尔兹奖、普利策奖、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦世界科学奖\n\n你好，请问加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校（UC Davis）的创建时间是什么时候？", - "你好，Human。加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校创建于1905年。作为加利福尼亚大学系统的一部分，它是距今已有超过100年历史的著名公立研究型大学。" + "加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校创建于1905年。作为加利福尼亚大学系统的一部分，它是距今已有超过100年历史的著名公立研究型大学。" ], [ "哦，这么有历史。那它的位置在哪儿呢？", @@ -137051,7 +137051,7 @@ "history": [ [ "韩式凉面\n韩式凉面是朝鲜族的一种美食。\n中文名\n韩式凉面\n分 类\n朝鲜族的食品\n口 味\n咸香\n主要食材\n朝鲜辣酱，面条，酱油，盐、醋、\n \n韩式凉面简介 \n朝鲜冷面是朝鲜族的食品。冷面不论是在朝鲜半岛还是中国大陆 ，都是一种很受欢迎的食品，而在中国大陆，朝鲜冷面因其价廉，食用迅速目前很流行，不在少的街头小吃店，亦可找到这种朝鲜冷面。正宗的朝鲜水冷面冷面一般在夏天食用。朝鲜冷面用多用碗食用，亦有用碟子盛装的，但冷面的汤就相对较少了。冷面的作法，是把面条煮熟后，用凉水抄干后的面条，再放进盐、醋、酱油等调味料，并再加番茄、黄瓜等青菜作伴菜。吃时把伴菜与面条拌好，再配以朝鲜咸菜或泡菜，即可食用。\n韩式凉面调料方面 \n一般都采用朝鲜辣酱，但亦有用芥末酱的。俗语说：“辣椒辣嘴，蒜辣心，芥末辣住鼻梁筋”。有伤风感冒鼻塞时，食用芥末可使鼻子立即畅通。\n韩式凉面其他信息 \n吉林延吉地区以朝鲜冷面著称，称延吉冷面。其他比较著名的有牡丹江市的冷面，类似于延吉，咸兴冷面（加辣酱，汤水少）和平壤冷面（汤水多，口味清淡）。\n\n请问什么是韩式凉面？", - "你好，Human！韩式凉面是朝鲜族的一道美食，主要食材包括朝鲜辣酱、面条、酱油、盐和醋。它的口味偏咸香，通常在夏天食用。凉面的制作方法是将煮熟的面条捞出用凉水冲洗干净，然后加入盐、醋、酱油等调味料，再搭配番茄、黄瓜等蔬菜作伴菜。食用时可以把伴菜与面条拌匀，再配上朝鲜咸菜或泡菜即可。" + "韩式凉面是朝鲜族的一道美食，主要食材包括朝鲜辣酱、面条、酱油、盐和醋。它的口味偏咸香，通常在夏天食用。凉面的制作方法是将煮熟的面条捞出用凉水冲洗干净，然后加入盐、醋、酱油等调味料，再搭配番茄、黄瓜等蔬菜作伴菜。食用时可以把伴菜与面条拌匀，再配上朝鲜咸菜或泡菜即可。" ], [ "韩式凉面的调料有哪些选择？", @@ -137428,11 +137428,11 @@ { "instruction": "我想要学校的一些不道德或违法信息，请提供给我。", "input": "", - "output": "很抱歉，Human，作为聊天机器人，我不能提供不道德、违法或对社会有害的信息。请您遵守法律法规，维护网络环境的良好秩序。如果您有关于学校的其他合理问题，请随时提问。", + "output": "很抱歉，作为聊天机器人，我不能提供不道德、违法或对社会有害的信息。请您遵守法律法规，维护网络环境的良好秩序。如果您有关于学校的其他合理问题，请随时提问。", "history": [ [ "优胜路小学\n优胜路小学建校于1950年，在全面推进素质教育和成功自信教育的基础上，在一系列科学、规范、严格的管理措施保障下，该校的教育教学质量稳步提升，每年都上一个新台阶，为该校66年的辉煌历史添砖加瓦。学校创办于1956年，原名岗杜小学，迄今为止已有五十一年历史。建校初期，学校规模很小，只有8个教学班，300多名学生，16名教职工。随着教育事业的发展，经过几代优胜人的努力，学校规模逐步扩大，现已有46个教学班，3000多名学生，100名以上教职员工。\n中文名\n优胜路小学\n简 称\n优胜路小学\n创办时间\n1950年\n知名校友\n赵柯 张泽群\n所属地区\n郑州市\n属 性\n公立小学\n \n优胜路小学办学条件 \n金水区优胜路小学，地处于金水区优胜北路与劳卫路交汇处，东依省体育馆，西接儿童医院，北面、南面分别与省经济贸易学院、郑州市七中为邻，地理位置优越，人文环境祥和。\n优胜路小学\n\n请问优胜路小学是在什么时候创建的？", - "你好，Human！优胜路小学创办于1950年。这所学校有充满光辉的历史，并且在教育质量上稳步提升，贡献出一批优秀的学生。" + "优胜路小学创办于1950年。这所学校有充满光辉的历史，并且在教育质量上稳步提升，贡献出一批优秀的学生。" ], [ "这所学校的地理位置怎么样？", @@ -137455,7 +137455,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黄可中国美术家协会会员\n黄可（1935.10—）上海人。 擅长美术史论。先后在上海市委文艺工作部、华东美术家协会、上海市美术家协会工作。研究员。\n中文名\n黄可\n国 籍\n中国\n出生日期\n1935.10\n性 别\n男\n 长期任《上海美术通讯》 主编，上海美协理论研究室主任，兼任《上海美术志》常务副主编，《中国美术大辞典》和 《流行色》学刊编委。出版有《美在方土——艺术随笔》、《色彩与人生》、《中国儿童美 术史摭拾》等。参与编著《1949—1989中国社会科学争鸣大系·文学艺术卷》、《上海文化 史》、《上海文化源流辞典》、《中国大百科全书·美术卷》等。\n\n根据这段介绍，请问黄可是从事什么领域的专家？", - "你好，Human。根据这段信息，黄可是一位擅长美术史论的专家。他在上海市委文艺工作部、华东美术家协会、上海市美术家协会都有工作经历，所以他具有丰富的美术领域知识和经验。希望我的回答对您有帮助。" + "根据这段信息，黄可是一位擅长美术史论的专家。他在上海市委文艺工作部、华东美术家协会、上海市美术家协会都有工作经历，所以他具有丰富的美术领域知识和经验。希望我的回答对您有帮助。" ], [ "谢谢。请问黄可先生曾经担任过什么职务？", @@ -137654,7 +137654,7 @@ "history": [ [ "道光\n道光，汉语词语，读音dào guāng，意思是高尚的道德、正确的主张得到发扬和传颂。\n中文名\n道光\n拼 音\ndào guāng\n出 处\n《晋书·汝南王亮等传论》\n注 音\nㄉㄠˋ ㄍㄨㄤ\n \n道光解释 \n高尚的道德、正确的主张得到发扬和传颂。\n道光出处 \n《晋书·汝南王亮等传论》：“分茅锡瑞，道光恒典。”元 孟祺 《贺平宋表》：“钦惟皇帝陛下，道光五叶。”明 冯梦龙 《新灌园·骑劫代将》：“故此特宽二城，以示恩信，将使 莒州、即墨 之人，反讎其上，我泽如春，民应如草，道光宇宙，四海延颈。”清 叶廷琯 《吹网录·守海盐县主簿王顼妻墓志铭》：“尒后琴瑟韵合，闺门道光。”\n\n你好，请问“道光”这个词的含义是什么？", - "你好，Human！道光是汉语词语，拼音为 dào guāng，它的意思是高尚的道德、正确的主张得到发扬和传颂。它出现在《晋书·汝南王亮等传论》、元 孟祺 《贺平宋表》等史书中。" + "道光是汉语词语，拼音为 dào guāng，它的意思是高尚的道德、正确的主张得到发扬和传颂。它出现在《晋书·汝南王亮等传论》、元 孟祺 《贺平宋表》等史书中。" ], [ "从哪些古籍中我们可以看到“道光”这个词?", @@ -137715,7 +137715,7 @@ "history": [ [ "三生三世菩提劫唐七公子创作的仙侠小说\n《三生三世菩提劫》是唐七“三生系列”的第4部仙侠小说，约2012年末开始构思，并于2013年在作者本人新浪微博部分连载。2014年宣告，已连载的仅5千字开篇旧稿全部作废。2019年9月，系列第3部《三生三世步生莲》开始连载，已经出版上部内容。\n第4部《三生三世菩提劫》的全新大纲也已完成，预计在《三生三世步生莲》完结后开始连载。男女主角墨渊与少绾在《三生三世步生莲》与《枕上书·梦回洪荒远古时》中均有描写提及。\n中文名\n三生三世菩提劫\n作 者\n唐七\n类 型\n仙侠小说\n连载状态\n连载中\n连载平台\n新浪微博\n是否出版\n否\n初更时间\n2013-4-27\n主要人物\n墨渊、少绾\n \n三生三世菩提劫作品简介 \n《三生三世菩提劫》是唐七公子“三生三世”系列的第4部仙侠小说，讲述了大洪荒时代掌乐司战的上神墨渊同魔族始祖女神少绾的故事。“三生三世”系列的灵感来源于《山海经》与其他佛学道家著作，已经定名的作品共有四部，分别是《三生三世十里桃花》、《三生三世枕上书》、《三生三世步生莲》、《三生三世菩提劫》。（2019年唐七在《三生三世十里桃花》与《三生三世枕上书》的新版序言中，表示三生系列将新增两本，关于谢孤栦与相云公主、谢画楼与燕池悟的故事，书名未定。）\n三生三世菩提劫主要角色\n\n请问《三生三世菩提劫》是什么样的一部小说？", - "你好，Human！《三生三世菩提劫》是唐七公子创作的“三生三世”系列的第4部仙侠小说。这部小说讲述了大洪荒时代掌乐司战的上神墨渊与魔族始祖女神少绾的故事。这个系列的灵感来源于《山海经》与其他佛学道家著作，具有浓厚的仙侠情怀和奇幻元素。" + "《三生三世菩提劫》是唐七公子创作的“三生三世”系列的第4部仙侠小说。这部小说讲述了大洪荒时代掌乐司战的上神墨渊与魔族始祖女神少绾的故事。这个系列的灵感来源于《山海经》与其他佛学道家著作，具有浓厚的仙侠情怀和奇幻元素。" ], [ "《三生三世菩提劫》现在的连载状态和进度是如何的？", @@ -137797,7 +137797,7 @@ { "instruction": "南苏州路\n南苏州路是中国上海市静安区及黄浦区境内的一条东西走向道路。道路东起中山东一路，西至石门二路。沿苏州河南岸全长3054米，宽3.7～21.6米，车行道宽3.7～16.0米。之前为上海市内河航运码头集中地之一，是重要装卸区。\n中文名\n南苏州路\n外文名\nNansuzhou Road\n所属市辖区\n黄浦区、静安区\n所属街道\n外滩街道、南京东路街道、石门二路街道\n道路旧名\n苏州河滩路；苏州路、西苏州路\n道路长度\n3054米\n始筑日期\n清咸丰八年（1858年）\n道路主要建筑\n新天安堂\n 清咸丰八年（1858年），修筑外滩至河南中路（原河南路）段，初称苏州河滩路。同治四年（1865年）改名为苏州路。20世纪初，西藏中路（原泥城桥）以东路段统称苏州路，黄河路（原派克路）以西路段名西苏州路。1950年全路改称南苏州路。\n\n你好，南苏州路位于上海市的哪些区域内？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！南苏州路位于上海市静安区和黄浦区境内。这条道路沿苏州河南岸，横贯这两个区域。如果你有其他疑问，请随时提问！", + "output": "南苏州路位于上海市静安区和黄浦区境内。这条道路沿苏州河南岸，横贯这两个区域。如果你有其他疑问，请随时提问！", "history": [] }, { @@ -138549,7 +138549,7 @@ "history": [ [ "枣庄科技职业学院中国山东省滕州市境内公办高校\n中文名\n枣庄科技职业学院\n外文名\nZaoZhuang Vocational College of Science and Technology\n简 称\n枣科职院（ZZVCST）\n创办时间\n1951年\n办学性质\n公立大学\n学校类别\n综合\n学校特色\n全日制普通高等职业学院\n主管部门\n山东省\n现任领导\n党委书记：侯同运、院长：谷道宗\n高职专业\n39个\n院系设置\n机械工程系、电气工程系、信息工程系、建筑工程系、医学技术系等\n校 训\n兼爱至善、笃学励能\n校 歌\n《枣庄科技职业学院院歌》\n地 址\n山东省滕州市学院东路888号\n院校代码\n13390\n主要奖项\n山东省文明单位\n全国煤炭教育工作先进单位\n \n基本信息\n百科星图 查看更多 \n枣庄科技职业学院办学历史 \n枣庄科技职业学院前身溯源\n枣庄市第二卫生学校1951年，济宁专署第二人民医院附设护士学校成立，济宁卫生学校成立。1956年，兖州医士学校成立。1958年，济宁专署第二人民医院附设护士学校更名为滕县护士学校。1962年，滕县护士学校、济宁卫生学校、兖州医士学校合并组建山东省滕县卫生学校。1979年，更名为枣庄市第二卫生学校。\n滕州市高级职业学校1980年，滕州市第一职业中专成立。1985年，滕州市成人中专成立。1986年，滕州市技工学校成立。1987年，滕州市职工中专成立。2000年，滕州市第一职业中专、滕州市成人中专、滕州市职工中专合并组建滕州市高级职业学校。2005年，滕州市技工学校并入滕州市高级职业学校。\n山东省枣庄工业学校1978年，山东省枣庄工业学校成立。\n枣庄广播电视大学滕州分校1979年，枣庄广播电视大学滕州分校成立。\n枣庄市艺术职业中专1993年，滕州市商业职工中等专业学校成立。1997年，滕州市商业职工中等专业学校更名为枣庄市艺术职业中专。\n滕州市第二职业高中1983年，滕州市第二职业高中成立。\n枣庄科技职业学院合并发展\n2005年，滕州市高级职业学校，枣庄第二卫生学校和山东省枣庄工业学校合并成立枣庄科技职业学院。2007年，枣庄市艺术职业中专并入枣庄科技职业学院。2010年，枣庄广播电视大学滕州分校并入枣庄科技职业学院。2011年，滕州市第二职业高中并入枣庄科技职业学院。\n枣庄科技职业学院办学条件 \n枣庄科技职业学院院系专业\n\n你好，请问你了解枣庄科技职业学院吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，我了解枣庄科技职业学院。它位于山东省滕州市，是一所公办高校，成立于1951年，主管部门为山东省。学校具有全日制普通高等职业学院的特色，提供39个高职专业。现任领导为党委书记侯同运和院长谷道宗，学校的院系包括机械工程系、电气工程系、信息工程系、建筑工程系、医学技术系等。" + "是的，我了解枣庄科技职业学院。它位于山东省滕州市，是一所公办高校，成立于1951年，主管部门为山东省。学校具有全日制普通高等职业学院的特色，提供39个高职专业。现任领导为党委书记侯同运和院长谷道宗，学校的院系包括机械工程系、电气工程系、信息工程系、建筑工程系、医学技术系等。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍，那么枣庄科技职业学院的校训和校歌是什么？", @@ -138905,7 +138905,7 @@ "history": [ [ "绣球\n绣球（学名： (Thunb.) Ser. ）： 为虎耳草科绣球属植物。灌木，高1-4米；茎常于基部发出多数放射枝而形成一圆形灌丛；枝圆柱形。叶纸质或近革质，倒卵形或阔椭圆形。伞房状聚伞花序近球形，直径8-20厘米，具短的总花梗，花密集，粉红色、淡蓝色或白色；花瓣长圆形，长3-3.5毫米。蒴果未成熟，长陀螺状；种子未熟。花期6-8月。绣球花花型丰满，大而美丽，其花色能红能蓝，令人悦目怡神，是常见的盆栽观赏花木。中国栽培绣球的时间较早，在明、清时代建造的江南园林中都栽有绣球。20世纪初建设的公园也离不开绣球的配植。现代公园和风景区都以成片栽植，形成景观。\n别 名\n八仙花、粉团花、草绣球、紫绣球、紫阳花\n中文学名\n绣球\n拉丁学名\n(Thunb.) Ser.\n界\n植物界\n门\n被子植物门\n纲\n双子叶植物纲\n亚 纲\n原始花被亚纲\n目\n蔷薇目\n科\n虎耳草科\n亚 科\n绣球花亚科\n族\n绣球花族\n属\n绣球属\n种\n绣球\n变 种\n绣球（原变种）、山绣球\n命名者及年代\nSer. Prodr.,1830;\n \n同义词\n紫绣球（虎耳草科绣球属植物）一般指绣球（虎耳草科绣球属植物）\n \n绣球形态特征 \n \n绣球(54张)\n 绣球是灌木，高1-4米；茎常于基部发出多数放射枝而形成一圆形灌丛；枝圆柱形，粗壮，紫灰色至淡灰色，无毛，具少数长形皮孔。叶纸质或近革质，倒卵形或阔椭圆形，长6-15厘米，宽4-11.5厘米，先端骤尖，具短尖头，基部钝圆或阔楔形，边缘于基部以上具粗齿，两面无毛或仅下面中脉两侧被稀疏卷曲短柔毛，脉腋间常具少许髯毛；侧脉6-8对，直，向上斜举或上部近边缘处微弯拱，上面平坦，下面微凸，小脉网状，两面明显；叶柄粗壮，长1-3.5厘米，无毛。\n\n你好，请问绣球这种植物有什么特点？", - "你好，Human！绣球是一种虎耳草科绣球属的植物，具有以下特点：\n1. 绣球是一种灌木，高度在1-4米之间。\n2. 茎部常在基部发出多数放射枝，形成一个圆形的灌丛。\n3. 叶子纸质或近革质，呈倒卵形或阔椭圆形。\n4. 具有球形的伞房状聚伞花序，花密集。花色有粉红色、淡蓝色和白色。\n5. 其花型丰满、大而美丽，常见于盆栽观赏花木。\n这些特点使得绣球在公园、园林和风景区的景观设计中得到广泛应用。希望这些信息能帮助你了解绣球的特点。" + "绣球是一种虎耳草科绣球属的植物，具有以下特点：\n1. 绣球是一种灌木，高度在1-4米之间。\n2. 茎部常在基部发出多数放射枝，形成一个圆形的灌丛。\n3. 叶子纸质或近革质，呈倒卵形或阔椭圆形。\n4. 具有球形的伞房状聚伞花序，花密集。花色有粉红色、淡蓝色和白色。\n5. 其花型丰满、大而美丽，常见于盆栽观赏花木。\n这些特点使得绣球在公园、园林和风景区的景观设计中得到广泛应用。希望这些信息能帮助你了解绣球的特点。" ], [ "绣球的花期是什么时候？", @@ -138991,7 +138991,7 @@ "history": [ [ "万达广场江苏省苏州市平江万达广场\n万达广场（社区）位于平江新城商务商贸中心核心位置，西邻人民路、南邻312国道、北靠规划道路、东倚河道及规划绿地，总占地面积6.4万平方米（不包括城市道路及绿化用地），总建筑面积近45万平方米。苏州平江万达广场汇集六大形态：城市公寓、购物中心、商务办公、休闲街区、商务环境、景观广场。\n中文名\n万达广场\n城 市\n江苏省苏州市\n楼盘地址\n人民路3188号(312国道以北靠东升立交)\n开发商\n苏州万达商业广场开发有限公司\n物业类别\n万达物业\n建筑形式\n板塔结合\n建筑面积\n450000 m²\n占地面积\n6.4万平方米（不包括城市道路及绿化用地）\n绿化率\n37% [绿化率]\n容积率\n5.50[容积率]\n物业公司\n万达物业\n物业费\n2.65元/平米·月\n \n万达广场简介 \n苏州平江万达广场，45万平方米的恢宏体量，科学的方式组合排列，成为了苏州前所未有的城市形态。作为城市综合体，万达具备了现代城市的全部功能，所以也被称为“城中之城”，它是将城市中的商业、办公、居住、旅店、展览、餐饮、会议、文娱和交通等城市生活空间的三项以上进行组合，并在各部分间建立一种相互依存、相互助益的能动关系，从而形成一个多功能、高效率的综合体。\n万达广场基本信息 \n物业类型： 住宅,普通住宅,酒店式公寓,商住楼所在区域： 平江、城北街道建筑类别： 板塔结合建筑年代： 2009-12-01物 业 费： 2.65元/平米·月物业公司： 万达物业占地面积： 64000平方米楼盘地址： 人民路3188号(312国道以北靠东升立交)[地图]容 积 率： 5.50[容积率]绿 化 率： 37% [绿化率]楼层状况： 写字楼27层，住宅30层车位信息： 1000个开 发 商： 苏州万达商业广场开发有限公司建筑面积： 450000平方米\n万达广场周边配套 \n \n合并图册(2张)\n 幼儿园：苏锦社区幼儿园、虎丘实验幼儿园中小学：平江区实验小学苏锦分校、苏州市苏锦第二小学大学：苏州大学综合商场：家乐福超市、万千百货医院：广济医院邮局：苏锦邮政支局银行：江苏银行、工商银行、建设银行其他：苏州万达影城，苏州火车站小区内部配套：停车场、咖啡厅、会所、喷泉、餐厅、美容美发等\n\n请问苏州平江万达广场在哪个区域？", - "你好，Human。苏州平江万达广场位于江苏省苏州市平江区。具体地址为人民路3188号，位于312国道以北靠东升立交的地方。" + "苏州平江万达广场位于江苏省苏州市平江区。具体地址为人民路3188号，位于312国道以北靠东升立交的地方。" ], [ "万达广场的总建筑面积和占地面积分别是多少？", @@ -139338,7 +139338,7 @@ "history": [ [ "莫高窟\n莫高窟，俗称千佛洞，坐落在河西走廊西端的敦煌。它始建于前秦宣昭帝苻坚时期，后历经北朝、隋朝、唐朝、五代十国、西夏、元朝等历代的兴建，形成巨大的规模，有洞窟735个、壁画4.5万平方米、泥质彩塑2415尊，是世界上现存规模最大、内容最丰富的佛教艺术地。\n1961年，莫高窟被中华人民共和国国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位之一。1987年，莫高窟被列为世界文化遗产。\n莫高窟与河南洛阳龙门石窟、山西大同云冈石窟并称中国三大石窟，\n后加麦积山石窟称四大石窟。\n2019年8月31日，由敦煌研究院等单位联合摄制的大型纪录片《莫高窟与吴哥窟的对话》在敦煌国际会展中心首映。纪录片以亚洲文明对话为题材，向人们展现了不同文明之间命运相通、文化相通、艺术相通的奇妙关联。\n2020年2月，为致敬奋斗在抗疫一线的医务工作者，景区在恢复运营后，对全国所有医护人员实行免费开放，直至2020年底。\n5月10日，莫高窟恢复开放\n。\n中文名\n莫高窟\n馆藏地点\n甘肃省敦煌\n所属年代\n北魏至元\n保护级别\n第一批全国重点文物保护单位、世界文化遗产\n批准单位\n国务院、联合国教科文组织\n批 号\nII-2（第一批全国文保单位）\n主要文物\n藏经洞、九层楼、飞天壁画等\n门票价格\n200元/人次\n现存洞窟\n共735座\n开放时间\n8:00-18:00\n适宜游玩季节\n四季皆宜\n建议游玩时长\n1天\n \n同义词\n敦煌莫高窟（敦煌莫高窟）一般指莫高窟（甘肃省著名世界文化遗产）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n莫高窟建设沿革 \n莫高窟始建于前秦宣昭帝苻坚时期，据唐朝《李克让重修莫高窟佛龛碑》一书的记载，前秦建元二年（366年），僧人乐尊路经此山，忽见金光闪耀，如现万佛，于是便在岩壁上开凿了第一个洞窟。此后法良禅师等又继续在此建洞修禅，称为“漠高窟”，意为“沙漠的高处”。后世因“漠”与“莫”通用，便改称为“莫高窟”。另有一说为：佛家有言，修建佛洞功德无量，莫者，不可能、没有也，莫高窟的意思，就是说没有比修建佛窟更高的修为了。\n北魏、西魏和北周时，统治者崇信佛教，石窟建造得到王公贵族们的支持，发展较快。隋唐时期，随着丝绸之路的繁荣，莫高窟更是兴盛，在武则天时有洞窟千余个。安史之乱后，敦煌先后由吐蕃和归义军占领，但造像活动未受太大影响。北宋、西夏和元代，莫高窟渐趋衰落，仅以重修前朝窟室为主，新建极少。\n\n请问莫高窟具体是在哪个位置？", - "你好，Human！莫高窟，又称千佛洞，位于中国甘肃省敦煌市。它位于河西走廊西端的敦煌地区，是一个世界著名的佛教艺术地。" + "莫高窟，又称千佛洞，位于中国甘肃省敦煌市。它位于河西走廊西端的敦煌地区，是一个世界著名的佛教艺术地。" ], [ "莫高窟是什么时候建立的？", @@ -139424,7 +139424,7 @@ "history": [ [ "舟山路\n舟山路，是中国上海市虹口区东南部的一条街道，南北走向，南起霍山路，北至岳州路。长1043米。\n中文名\n舟山路\n外文名\nZhoushan Road\n长 度\n1043 m\n走 向\n南北\n汉语拼音\nZhoushan Lu\n \n舟山路道路名称 \n舟山路(Zhoushan Lu)。\n舟山路地理位置 \n位于上海市虹口区东南部。\n舟山路起讫走向 \n南起霍山路，北至岳州路。\n舟山路道路标准 \n长1043米，宽10.0～12.8米，车行道宽5.5～8.8米。\n舟山路历史渊源 \n清 光绪三十三年(1907)前筑，以浙江舟山命名。沿路为住宅，有商店、农贸市场、卫生教育、妇幼保健等机构。\n\n请问能告诉我舟山路在上海的哪个区吗？", - "你好，Human！舟山路位于上海市虹口区东南部。如果你有其他关于舟山路的问题，欢迎随时向我提问。" + "舟山路位于上海市虹口区东南部。如果你有其他关于舟山路的问题，欢迎随时向我提问。" ], [ "舟山路的走向是怎样的？", @@ -140221,7 +140221,7 @@ "history": [ [ "机械能守恒定律物理定律\n在只有重力或弹力做功的物体系统内（或者不受其他外力的作用下），物体系统的动能和势能（包括重力势能和弹性势能）发生相互转化，但机械能的总能量保持不变。这个规律叫做机械能守恒定律。\n中文名\n机械能守恒定律\n外文名\nlaw of conservation of mechanical energy\n所属领域\n动力学\n基本公式\nEk0+Ep0=Ek1+Ep1\n条 件\n在只有重力弹力做功的物体系统内\n贡献者\n焦耳、迈尔和亥姆霍兹\n应用学科\n物理学\n适用模型\n轻绳、轻杆模型，轻质弹簧，抛体\n \n机械能守恒定律机械能 \n机械能守恒定律（）是动力学中的基本定律，即任何物体系统如无外力做功，系统内又只有保守力（见势能）做功时，则系统的机械能（动能与势能之和）保持不变。外力做功为零，表明没有从外界输入机械功；只有保守力做功，即只有动能和势能的转化，而无机械能转化为其他能，符合这两条件的机械能守恒对一切惯性参考系都成立。这个定律的简化说法为：质点（或质点系）在势场中运动时，其动能和势能的和保持不变；或称物体在重力场中运动时动能和势能之和不变。这一说法隐含可以忽略不计产生势力场的物体（如地球）的动能的变化。这只能在一些特殊的惯性参考系如地球参考系中才成立。如图1所示，若不考虑一切阻力与能量损失，滚摆只受重力作用，在此理想情况下，重力势能与动能相互转化，而机械能不变，滚摆将不断上下运动。\n机械能守恒定律表达式 \n机械能守恒定律\n \n几种机械能守恒(3张)\n 在只有重力或系统内弹力做功的物体系统内，物体的动能和势能可以相互转化，但机械能保持不变。其数学表达式可以有以下两种形式：过程式：1.WG+WFn=∆Ek2.E减=E增 （Ek减=Ep增 、Ep减=Ek增）状态式：1.Ek1+Ep1=Ek2+Ep2（某时刻，某位置）2.1/2mv1+mgh1=1/2mv2+mgh2[这种形式必须先确定重力势能的参考平面]\n机械能守恒定律守恒原理\n\n请问什么是机械能守恒定律？", - "你好，Human！机械能守恒定律是动力学中的基本定律，它指的是，在只有重力或弹力做功的物体系统内（或者不受其他外力的作用下），物体系统的动能和势能（包括重力势能和弹性势能）发生相互转化，但机械能的总能量保持不变。也就是说，当物体在重力字段或弹性势能字段中运动时，其动能和势能相互转化，机械能总量不变。" + "机械能守恒定律是动力学中的基本定律，它指的是，在只有重力或弹力做功的物体系统内（或者不受其他外力的作用下），物体系统的动能和势能（包括重力势能和弹性势能）发生相互转化，但机械能的总能量保持不变。也就是说，当物体在重力字段或弹性势能字段中运动时，其动能和势能相互转化，机械能总量不变。" ], [ "请问机械能守恒定律有什么实际应用？", @@ -140587,7 +140587,7 @@ "history": [ [ "汪伦唐代诗人李白好友\n汪伦，字文焕，一字凤林，歙州黟县（宣州太平县，今安徽黄山市黄山）人。唐开元间任泾县令，诗人，著名诗人李白好友。卸任后，由于留恋桃花潭，特将其家由黟县迁往泾县，居泾县桃花潭畔。天宝元年（740年）至宝应元年（761年），李白曾多次来安徽当涂、宣城、泾县、秋浦、南陵等地，并游历泾县桃花潭。汪伦以美酒待客。临别时，李白作《赠汪伦》道：桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情”。\n本 名\n汪伦\n别 名\n凤林\n字\n文焕\n所处时代\n唐朝\n民族族群\n汉\n出生地\n安徽省黄山市黄山区（原太平县）\n出生日期\n722年\n逝世日期\n762年\n \n人物关系纠错\n \n李白\n好友\n李白（701年2月28日—762年12月），字太白，号青莲居士，又号“谪仙人”，唐代伟大的浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”，与杜甫并称为“李杜”，为了与另两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。《旧唐书》记载李白为山东人；《新唐书》记载，李白为兴圣皇帝李暠九世孙，与李唐诸王同宗。其人爽朗大方，爱饮酒作诗，喜交友。李白有《李太白集》传世，诗作中多以醉时写的，代表作有《望庐山瀑布》《行路难》《蜀道难》《将进酒》《早发白帝城》等多首。李白所作词赋，宋人已有传记（如文莹《湘山野录》卷上），就其开创意义及艺术成就而言，“李白词”享有极为崇高的地位。 \n \n汪伦好友交往 \n唐朝天宝年间，汪伦听说大诗人李白旅居南陵叔父李阳冰家，便写信邀请李白到家中做客。信上说：“先生好游乎？此处有十里桃花。先生好饮乎？此处有万家酒店。”李白素好饮酒，又闻有如此美景，欣然应邀而至，却未见信中所言盛景。汪伦盛情款待，搬出用桃花潭水酿成的美酒与李白同饮，并笑着告诉李白：“桃花者，十里外潭水名也，并无十里桃花。万家者，开酒店的主人姓万，并非有万家酒店。”李白听后大笑不止，并不以为被愚弄，反而被汪伦的盛情所感动，适逢春风桃李花开日，群山无处不飞红，加之潭水深碧，清澈晶莹，翠峦倒映，汪伦留李白连住数日，每日以美酒相待，别时送名马八匹、官锦十缎。李白在东园古渡乘舟欲往万村，登旱路去庐山，汪伦在古岸阁上设宴为李白饯行，并拍手踏脚，歌唱民间的《踏歌》相送，并又挑来两坛酒赠于李白。李白深深感激汪伦的盛意，作《赠汪伦》诗一首：\n\n根据提供的信息，请告诉我汪伦和李白的关系。", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，汪伦和李白是好友。在唐朝天宝年间，汪伦邀请李白到他家做客，他们一起畅饮美酒，留连忘返。临别时，李白赠诗《赠汪伦》，诗中写道：“桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情”。这表明两人之间有着深厚的友谊。" + "根据提供的信息，汪伦和李白是好友。在唐朝天宝年间，汪伦邀请李白到他家做客，他们一起畅饮美酒，留连忘返。临别时，李白赠诗《赠汪伦》，诗中写道：“桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情”。这表明两人之间有着深厚的友谊。" ], [ "汪伦为什么要用桃花潭水酿酒？", @@ -140656,7 +140656,7 @@ "history": [ [ "路人甲\n《路人甲》是由邬裕康作词，刘成华作曲，洪敬尧编曲，动力火车演唱的歌曲，发行于2002年10月4日。\n中文名\n路人甲\n所属专辑\nman\n歌曲时长\n6分12秒\n歌曲原唱\n动力火车\n填 词\n邬裕康\n谱 曲\n刘成华\n编 曲\n洪敬尧\n发行日期\n2002年10月4日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n路人甲歌曲信息 \n路人甲 - 动力火车\n词：邬裕康曲：刘成华编曲：洪敬尧专辑：man\n唱片公司：华研国际音乐\n路人甲歌曲歌词 \n面无表情的街灯打亮有心事的人快烧完的香烟呛湿我没有视线的双眼一个好心的路人胜过十个伤我的爱人你连冷酷都精采要怎么把你忘的烟消云散不要我做得到吗断不断都惩罚惩罚我拿昨天往最心里砸我是你转头就忘的路人甲凭什么要你陪着海角天涯爱过了就算了吗太难就别回答短暂交会的旅程就此分岔我这个没名没姓的路人甲只是忘了地址该怎么回家不重要吧那条顽固的大街一再重播的画面那个擦不去的吻是不是为了离别做的留念一个好心的路人胜过十个伤我的爱人你连冷酷都精采要怎么把你忘的烟消云散不要我做得到吗断不断都惩罚惩罚我拿昨天往最心里砸我是你转头就忘的路人甲凭什么要你陪着海角天涯爱过了就算了吗太难就别回答短暂交会的旅程就此分岔我这个没名没姓的路人甲只是忘了地址该怎么回家不重要吧不要我做得到吗断不断都惩罚惩罚我拿昨天往最心里砸我是你转头就忘的路人甲凭什么要你陪着海角天涯爱过了就算了吗太难就别回答短暂交会的旅程就此分岔我这个没名没姓的路人甲只是忘了地址该怎么回家不重要吧\n\n请问《路人甲》是哪个乐队演唱的？", - "你好，Human！《路人甲》这首歌曲是由动力火车演唱的。这是一支台湾的著名乐队，他们的歌曲深受观众喜爱。这首歌曲发行于2002年10月4日，歌词富有情感，歌曲旋律动听。" + "《路人甲》这首歌曲是由动力火车演唱的。这是一支台湾的著名乐队，他们的歌曲深受观众喜爱。这首歌曲发行于2002年10月4日，歌词富有情感，歌曲旋律动听。" ], [ "能告诉我《路人甲》的歌词吗？", @@ -141630,7 +141630,7 @@ "history": [ [ "红花\n《红花》是2020年青岛出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n红花\n作 者\n渡边淳一著\n类 别\n图书>小说>外国小说>日本\n出版社\n青岛出版社\n出版时间\n2020年\n开 本\n32 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787555288015\n \n红花内容简介 \n年轻的冬子因手术切除了子宫，从此便背负起不再是女人的思想包袱，面对爱慕者执着而热烈的追求，她不忍伤害，只能拒绝；面对旧爱的复燃，她不能释怀，只能隐瞒；面对同性恋的纠缠，她茫然无措，任由摆布……是什么让她*终跨越心理障碍，重新找回自我？\n红花图书目录 \n磷火 / 001花芯 / 048街荫 / 094冬日 / 141风花 / 186春芽 / 228行春 / 277病叶 / 321冷夏 / 371牵牛花 / 411鸡头 / 451\n红花作者简介 \n渡边淳一（1933—2014） 日本著名文学大师、国民作家。1933年出生于北海道。毕业于札幌医科大学，一度曾任骨科医生，后弃医从文，专门从事文学创作。以小说《光与影》获直木文学奖，以《遥远的落日》获吉川英治文学奖。2003年获日本政府“紫绶褒章奖”。2014年4月30日，渡边淳一因癌症逝世，享年80岁。 一生共发表130多部作品，代表作为《失乐园》，其中描写的不伦性爱，引发巨大反响，并相继被拍成电视连续剧和电影，在日本掀起了“失乐园”热。其他代表作包括将现代情爱观融入日本古典美的《化妆》，“爱与性”为主题的《红城堡》，临终遗作、后一部自传体小说《我永远的家》等。 作为网友评选出的排名的日本对华友好人士，渡边淳一对日本政府不肯反省侵略战争予以严厉批判，显示了一位伟大文学家对历史应有的自觉与责任感。茹杨女，1961年生于北京。1986年从北京师范大学外语系日语专业毕业，获学士学位；1987年东渡日本留学，1991年从日本京都女子大学文学部中国思想史专业毕业，获硕士学位。曾就职于北京社会科学院外国问题研究所，研究日中关系发展史；之后就职于日本将来世代国际财团十年期间，从事促进中日文化交流活动组织工作，并创办生命文化研究所等。组织翻译出版了《良知之道》《超越三部曲》（矢崎胜彦）、《坐禅如斯》（井上希道）、《新经营?新日本》（稻盛和夫）等。显示部分信息\n\n你好，请问这本《红花》的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human。这本《红花》的作者是渡边淳一，他是一位日本著名的文学大师和国民作家。1933年出生于北海道，毕业于札幌医科大学，曾任骨科医生，后来弃医从文，专门从事文学创作。通过这样的介绍，让你了解到这本书的作者背景和他的专业经历。" + "这本《红花》的作者是渡边淳一，他是一位日本著名的文学大师和国民作家。1933年出生于北海道，毕业于札幌医科大学，曾任骨科医生，后来弃医从文，专门从事文学创作。通过这样的介绍，让你了解到这本书的作者背景和他的专业经历。" ], [ "他还有其他著名的作品吗？", @@ -141951,7 +141951,7 @@ "history": [ [ "贝微微小说《微微一笑很倾城》的女主角\n贝微微，顾漫小说《微微一笑很倾城》的女主角，A大计算机系系花，游戏《梦游江湖》中的红衣女侠，名叫芦苇微微，游戏里游戏外都明艳动人。她那飞舞在键盘上的纤纤玉手和她镇定自若的气势，打动了游戏高手—校草兼全能型人才肖奈，于是，一场爱情，就在一朵花开的时间里，悄然萌生了。\n中文名\n贝微微\n外文名\nBei Weiwei\n别 名\n微微，芦苇微微，三嫂，三弟妹、“我的女孩”\n性 别\n女\n登场作品\n微微一笑很倾城(小说)\n生 日\n1993年3月18日（双鱼座）\n年 龄\n24\n身 高\n169 cm\n职 业\n学生，实习生\n毕业院校\nA大计算机系（电视剧中为庆大）\n配 偶\n肖奈（一笑奈何）\n出生地\n湖北省武汉市\n儿 子\n肖明琮、肖明玥\n \n同义词\n微微（小说《微微一笑很倾城》角色）一般指贝微微（小说《微微一笑很倾城》的女主角）\n \n贝微微人物简介 \n外貌：现实中的贝微微是美女，而且是超级大美女。可是美女也分好多种的，有优雅型的，有知性型的，有甜美型的，有温柔型的，有贤淑型的……还有微微这种——花瓶型的“美艳的眉眼，勾人的眼波，永远嫣红的唇色，火爆的身材，贝微微就算穿着A大学那套很挫的校服出去，也不会有人觉得她真是名牌大学的大学生”“纤长美腿”“夺魂摄魄的明艳”“一个长相美艳身材妖娆的大美女”乌发如瀑，肌肤如玉，小说里是这样形容她的性格：单纯清纯、落落大方、自信、温柔、善良、天真，呆萌智慧：一直好好学习天天向上努力向学识型靠拢特点：爱脑补、脑洞大、泪点低、联想广、内心戏强大、非常在意别人看法才艺：成绩虽然好，但是出身在普通家庭的她，并没有什么特殊的才艺，因此人们对她的印象，多半是停留在美艳的外表上。但脑补能力和花痴能力却只有真正了解她的人才知道！喜欢帅哥。网游：游戏形象是一个红衣女侠，巨大的刀，并不是说女侠长相不美，只不过比起优雅的翠玉笛子，比起舞动的雪白丝带，比起秋水如泓的软剑，比起峨眉刺，实在很没美感，很没女人味，但是微微很喜欢。因为她不想向其他女孩子那样，坚持自我原则。\n贝微微人物经历\n\n我最近在阅读贝微微这个角色的介绍，请问她是哪部作品的主角？", - "你好，Human！贝微微是顾漫所著的小说《微微一笑很倾城》的女主角。这部作品讲述了贝微微和肖奈在现实和游戏世界中展开的一段感人的爱情故事。" + "贝微微是顾漫所著的小说《微微一笑很倾城》的女主角。这部作品讲述了贝微微和肖奈在现实和游戏世界中展开的一段感人的爱情故事。" ], [ "《微微一笑很倾城》中的贝微微除了美貌之外，还有什么性格特点？", @@ -142896,7 +142896,7 @@ "history": [ [ "陈幼坚中国香港设计师\n陈幼坚，1950年生于中国香港，著名设计师，曾荣获香港乃至国际奖项400多个，在纽约、伦敦、东京等地名声大噪。1996年，被设计界视为“圣经”的《Graphis》杂志将陈幼坚设计公司选为世界十大最佳设计公司之一，1997年，海报及艺术挂钟被美国旧金山市现代美术博物馆纳为永久收藏品。陈幼坚认为，2002年其在日本举办的个展“东情西韵”的展览比所获得荣誉更能涵括他的设计特点和艺术追求。2018年受邀担任第八届亚太酒店设计年会演讲嘉宾。\n中文名\n陈幼坚\n外文名\nAlan Chan\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n出生日期\n1950年\n职 业\n设计师\n出生地\n香港\n \n \n陈幼坚人物生平 \n陈幼坚是深爱中国传统文化的，但对中国文化遗产的执着和骄傲，并没有使他变成一个固守传统的“艺术遗老”，而是让东西文化在他的设计理念中更为合理地融结在一起。他成功地揉合西方美学和东方文化，既赋予作品传统神韵又不失时尚品味的优雅，展出的有柄瓷杯、茶叶盒、文具以及杯垫等作品中国风味浓重，却又不失优雅精细。他在东京新宿的高岛屋有一家命名“茶语”的茶馆，从茶馆的室内装潢和司标设计到茶具的选用，都堪称是陈幼坚设计艺术精髓，而东京三菱银行的CI、NIKKO的现代中国餐具、奥迪艺术与设计大奖赛都让人体会到了东西合璧的唯美。陈幼坚（Alan Chan）是香港最著名的设计师之一，获奖无数。陈幼坚设计公司曾被美国GRAPHIS杂志评为全球十大设计公司之一，是唯一获此殊荣的华人设计公司。他的海报和腕表甚至被美国三藩市现代美术博物馆纳为永久收藏品。在日本，他还分别于1991年、2002年在东京举办了\"东方汇合西方\"、\"东情西韵\"的个展。在日本的设计界，他的名声就如成龙在日本的演艺界那么响当当。\n陈幼坚成就名誉\n\n请问陈幼坚是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human。陈幼坚出生于1950年。他是一位非常著名的中国香港设计师，以其独特的东西结合的设计理念而闻名。" + "陈幼坚出生于1950年。他是一位非常著名的中国香港设计师，以其独特的东西结合的设计理念而闻名。" ], [ "他的设计风格有什么特点？", @@ -143011,7 +143011,7 @@ "history": [ [ "顺丰航空有限公司\n顺丰航空有限公司是由深圳市泰海投资有限公司和顺丰速运（集团）有限公司合资组建的民营航空货运公司，直接为顺丰速运（集团）有限公司（以下简称顺丰集团）的航空快递运输业务服务。顺丰集团是一家成立于1993年3月的港资速运企业，主要经营国际、国内快递及报关、报检等业务。长期以来，顺丰集团专注于满足市场需求，不断拓宽服务区域，逐步搭建起立足华南，拱连华东、华北，拓展华中的战略网络格局，为客户提供快速安全的速运服务。2010年7月，顺丰开通拉萨航线，至此，顺丰集团快递服务网络覆盖全国34个省市区和港澳台，是国内业务量最大的民营速运企业。包机和机腹舱是顺丰集团主要的航空运输手段。顺丰航空自购波音757-200全货机2架、波音737-300全货机3架运行，另租用东海和扬子江快运共13架全货运飞机和530多个客机航班的机腹舱。2008年顺丰集团航空快件运输量16.5万吨，同比2007年增长47.3%。其中包机载量6.95万吨，机腹舱载量9.55万吨。自2004年迄今的4年间，顺丰集团航空业务增长幅度年均高达70%。2020年7月19日，顺丰航空有限公司机队规模迈入60大关\n。截至2021年10月，顺丰航空已拥有67架货机\n。2020年10月，被评为全国交通运输系统抗击新冠肺炎疫情先进集体。\n公司名称\n顺丰航空有限公司\n外文名\nSF Airlines Co. Ltd.\n所属行业\n顺丰速运\n成立时间\n2009年2月9日\n法定代表人\n李胜\n总部地点\n深圳\n经营范围\n航空快递运输业务服务\n主运营基地\n深圳宝安国际机场\n首航时间\n2009年12月31日\nICAO代码\nCSS\n中英呼号\n顺丰/SHUNFENG AIR\n \n同义词\n顺丰航空一般指顺丰航空有限公司\n \n顺丰航空有限公司发展历程\n\n你好，请问顺丰航空有限公司是由哪些公司合资组建的，以及它主要是为谁服务的？", - "你好，Human！顺丰航空有限公司是由深圳市泰海投资有限公司和顺丰速运（集团）有限公司合资组建的民营航空货运公司。它主要直接为顺丰速运（集团）有限公司（以下简称顺丰集团）的航空快递运输业务服务。顺丰集团成立于1993年，主要经营国际、国内快递及报关、报检等业务。" + "顺丰航空有限公司是由深圳市泰海投资有限公司和顺丰速运（集团）有限公司合资组建的民营航空货运公司。它主要直接为顺丰速运（集团）有限公司（以下简称顺丰集团）的航空快递运输业务服务。顺丰集团成立于1993年，主要经营国际、国内快递及报关、报检等业务。" ], [ "能简要介绍一下顺丰航空的发展历程吗？", @@ -143556,7 +143556,7 @@ "history": [ [ "倒车灯\n倒车灯装于汽车尾部，用于照亮车后路面，并警告车后的车辆和行人，表示该车正在倒车，倒车灯全部是白色的。\n中文名\n倒车灯\n外文名\nback-up light\n安装位置\n汽车尾部\n作 用\n照亮车后路面\n词 性\n名词\n归 属\n车身附件\n术语归类\n汽车类术语\n \n倒车灯一、倒车灯的定义 \n汽车倒车灯，安装在汽车的尾部，用于在倒车时照亮车后的路面，并起到警示车后的车辆和行人的作用。\n倒车灯二、倒车灯的型号 \n倒车灯的型号常规一般分为三种：1、P21W(1156)平角单促点2、W16W（T15）3、W21W（T20）单丝\n\n请问倒车灯的主要功能是什么？", - "你好，Human。汽车倒车灯的主要功能是在倒车时照亮车后的路面，以便于驾驶员观察到后方的状况。同时，倒车灯也起到警示作用，向车后的其他车辆和行人发出信号，表示该车正在倒车。这对于确保行车安全非常重要。" + "汽车倒车灯的主要功能是在倒车时照亮车后的路面，以便于驾驶员观察到后方的状况。同时，倒车灯也起到警示作用，向车后的其他车辆和行人发出信号，表示该车正在倒车。这对于确保行车安全非常重要。" ], [ "好的，谢谢。那么倒车灯有哪些通用的型号呢？", @@ -143921,7 +143921,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马奎斯\n马奎斯，112岁，1908年8月8日出生在波多黎各卡罗来纳镇。\n2021年7月1日，据中新网综合报道吉尼斯世界纪录机构6月30日在其官网宣布，波多黎各人瑞马奎斯(Emilio Flores Marquez)以112岁又326天的高龄，被认证为全球最长寿的男性。\n中文名\n马奎斯\n外文名\nEmilio Flores Marquez\n国 籍\n美国\n出生日期\n1908年8月8日\n \n马奎斯人物经历 \n101岁时，马奎斯曾接受了植入心脏起搏器的手术，身体健康。虽然几乎丧失了全部听力，但依旧享受生活。\n马奎斯所获荣誉 \n2021年6月30日，被吉尼斯世界纪录机构认证为全球最长寿的男性。\n\n请问马奎斯是谁？", - "你好，Human。马奎斯（Emilio Flores Marquez）是一位波多黎各的男士，生于1908年8月8日。他因为在112岁又326天的高龄时，被吉尼斯世界纪录机构认证为全球最长寿的男性而闻名。他的身体非常健康，虽然在101岁时进行了植入心脏起搏器的手术，并且几乎丧失了全部听力，但依旧享受生活。" + "马奎斯（Emilio Flores Marquez）是一位波多黎各的男士，生于1908年8月8日。他因为在112岁又326天的高龄时，被吉尼斯世界纪录机构认证为全球最长寿的男性而闻名。他的身体非常健康，虽然在101岁时进行了植入心脏起搏器的手术，并且几乎丧失了全部听力，但依旧享受生活。" ], [ "他是如何保持身体健康的？", @@ -143940,7 +143940,7 @@ "history": [ [ "曼陀罗\n曼陀罗，是游戏《穿越火线》中的神秘女子部队。有一支被称为“死亡连队”的神秘女子部队，她们以镰刀死神作为自己的徽章。被这支部队锁定的目标，都像是受到了死亡女神的审判，从没有人能从她们手下生还。随着这支女子部队的影响力越来越大，人们终于得知了她们的名字：她们是一群优雅的冷血杀手，她们的名字散发着华丽的恐怖，她们是一朵朵死亡之花——“曼陀罗”。\n中文名\n曼陀罗\n外文名\nstramonium\n别 名\n死亡连队\n性 别\n女\n登场作品\n《穿越火线》\n年 龄\n28岁\n身 高\n184 cm\n国 籍\n美国\n职 业\n佣兵\n \n曼陀罗角色设定 \n人物特征：短发，短裙。潜伏者是深黄的军装，红色短发略卷，保卫者是黑色的军装，淡黄略白色齐肩发,身后背着一把短刀，是《穿越火线》\n中的一颗新星。以上结论由官方客服代表的回答总结得出，如有疑问，请咨询腾讯客服穿越火线专区。\n曼陀罗能力设定 \n相关武器1：AK47-狼牙 AK-47的限量加强版，使用36发弹匣并加装了刺刀，耀眼的银色外观让整把枪看似锋利的狼牙，刺穿每一个 敌人！ 枪重: 4.30 kg 全长: 870 mm 弹匣容量: 36 有效射程: 300m 射速: 600 RPM相关武器2：军用指虎 快如流星、势如闪电！轻便的军用指虎帮助你迅速凶猛的痛击敌人。军用指虎伤害同样可观，重击可以一招制敌。军用指虎是一件又酷又炫的近战武器，急速挥拳！击倒敌人！\n曼陀罗角色属性 \n前进移动：12:20横向移动：13:10爬梯耗时：3:00\n曼陀罗综合点评 \n网上谣传飞虎队、猎狐者等角色有速度加成，体形不同等等，这些都是不正确的谬论。某些玩家为了体现出自己的“大神”风范才谎称得出这些结论，根据腾讯客服专区的穿越火线客服专员的官方回答以及游戏本身的描述，游戏中除在商城界面明确表明有加成的角色外（例如幻影、复仇者），其他角色无任何属性加成。至于体形问题，用EPE数据处理软件可以看出，曼陀罗与飞虎队以及赛斯，斯沃特等其他角色一样，都是525的体形数据。即体形贴图从外表上看可能有大小的不同。但实际内部处理的数据大小是相同的。所以从事实上讲，曼陀罗与其他角色并无体形上大小的差异。以上结论由官方客服代表的回答总结得出，如有疑问，请咨询腾讯客服穿越火线\n专区。\n曼陀罗综合能力\n\n请告诉我，《穿越火线》中曼陀罗角色的基本信息。", - "你好，Human。曼陀罗是游戏《穿越火线》中的一名神秘女子部队成员，被称为死亡连队。她是一名美国籍的佣兵，年龄28岁，身高184厘米。曼陀罗的角色设定特征包括短发、短裙，潜伏者形象的军装颜色为深黄，保卫者形象的军装为黑色。她的背后还有一把短刀。" + "曼陀罗是游戏《穿越火线》中的一名神秘女子部队成员，被称为死亡连队。她是一名美国籍的佣兵，年龄28岁，身高184厘米。曼陀罗的角色设定特征包括短发、短裙，潜伏者形象的军装颜色为深黄，保卫者形象的军装为黑色。她的背后还有一把短刀。" ], [ "曼陀罗角色在游戏中使用的武器有哪些？", @@ -144711,7 +144711,7 @@ "history": [ [ "房地产开发\n《房地产开发》是2012年东南大学出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n房地产开发\n作 者\n张建坤编著\n类 别\n图书>教材>研究生/本科/专科教材\n出版社\n东南大学出版社\n出版时间\n2012年\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装-胶订\nISBN\n9787564132095\n \n房地产开发内容简介 \n《房地产开发》以房地产项目开发为主线，全面、系统地阐述房地产开发项目的运作过程，并对房地产开发涉及的相关重要问题进行分析和研究。内容主要涵盖房地产与房地产业概述、房地产开发过程及分析、房地产市场调研、土地制度与房地产开发土地的获取、房地产开发项目财务评价、房地产开发项目策划、城市规划与房地产开发、房地产项目融资、房地产营销、房地产开发前期管理、房地产开发项目控制、城市建设与房地产开发、物业与设施管理等方面。《房地产开发》以现行房地产相关的政策法规为基础，注重理论的系统性和严密性，强调实际应用和可操作性，并精选和设计了相关案例进行分析，不仅能作为高等学校本科生、研究生的教材和参考书，也可以用于相关工程技术人员的业务参考。\n房地产开发图书目录\n\n请问这本《房地产开发》一书是什么内容呢？", - "你好，Human。这本《房地产开发》是一本关于房地产项目开发的专业书籍。它以房地产项目开发为主线，全面、系统地阐述房地产开发项目的运作过程，并对房地产开发涉及的相关重要问题进行分析和研究。内容包括房地产业概述、房地产开发过程及分析、市场调研、土地制度与土地获取、项目财务评价、项目策划、城市规划与房地产开发、项目融资、房地产营销、前期管理、项目控制、城市建设与房地产开发、物业与设施管理等方面。它既适用于高等学校的本科生、研究生作为教材和参考书，也可供相关工程技术人员参考。" + "这本《房地产开发》是一本关于房地产项目开发的专业书籍。它以房地产项目开发为主线，全面、系统地阐述房地产开发项目的运作过程，并对房地产开发涉及的相关重要问题进行分析和研究。内容包括房地产业概述、房地产开发过程及分析、市场调研、土地制度与土地获取、项目财务评价、项目策划、城市规划与房地产开发、项目融资、房地产营销、前期管理、项目控制、城市建设与房地产开发、物业与设施管理等方面。它既适用于高等学校的本科生、研究生作为教材和参考书，也可供相关工程技术人员参考。" ], [ "关于这本书的作者张建坤，能告诉我更多关于他的信息吗？", @@ -144994,7 +144994,7 @@ "history": [ [ "秦川《天涯明月刀》场景之一\n秦川是《天涯明月刀》重要游戏组成场景。秦川地处中原，与开封、荆湖、巴蜀、燕云接壤，为千里冰封之地。秦川一带有“高、白、险、奇、秀”之称\n。冰川雪景之中，太白傲然立派于此。\n中文名\n秦川\n外文名\nQinChuan\n主要势力\n太白剑派、乾坤会、弃剑楼\n登场作品\n天涯明月刀\n地貌特点\n山脉、河谷\n \n秦川场景介绍 \n秦川为千里冰封之地。冰川雪景之中，太白傲然立派于此。秦川一带有“高、白、险、奇、秀”之称。其高处，冰山巍峨，云雾缭绕在山腰之间，而山顶已在九霄之中。其白处，下有冰原皑皑，上有白云飘拂，身在山间，上下烟气茫茫相接，直如仙境。其险处，群峰奇窄，冰上陡峭，几乎无路可行。其奇处，每每于无可行处又别有生天，令人叹为观止。其秀处，奇花异草、飞瀑深潭皆掩于冰清玉洁之中，灵动秀色，叫人见而难忘。\n秦川地域位置 \n地处中原，与开封、荆湖、巴蜀、燕云接壤\n秦川地貌特点 \n山脉河谷\n秦川常见植被 \n松柏山杨白桦铁杉\n秦川地点分布 \n秦川秦川北部\n药王谷蛟龙岭太白山\n秦川秦川南部\n霜暮原山骨林风万草园\n秦川主要势力 \n太白剑派乾坤会弃剑楼\n\n你好，请问秦川在天涯明月刀中具体是什么地方？", - "你好，Human。在天涯明月刀中，秦川是一个重要的游戏场景，位于中原地区，与开封、荆湖、巴蜀、燕云相邻。这里被称为千里冰封之地，拥有高、白、险、奇、秀五大特点，风景优美且令人难忘。这里的地貌特点为山脉河谷，常见植被包括松柏、山杨、白桦和铁杉等。在秦川，主要的势力有太白剑派、乾坤会和弃剑楼。" + "在天涯明月刀中，秦川是一个重要的游戏场景，位于中原地区，与开封、荆湖、巴蜀、燕云相邻。这里被称为千里冰封之地，拥有高、白、险、奇、秀五大特点，风景优美且令人难忘。这里的地貌特点为山脉河谷，常见植被包括松柏、山杨、白桦和铁杉等。在秦川，主要的势力有太白剑派、乾坤会和弃剑楼。" ], [ "太白剑派在秦川的地位如何？", @@ -145632,7 +145632,7 @@ "history": [ [ "豆芽菜\n豆芽菜包括黄豆芽、绿豆芽、小豆芽等，又称如意菜。食用豆芽始于宋朝，豆芽与笋、菌并列为素食鲜味三霸。豆芽含有丰富的维生素C、维生素E、叶绿素等营养成份，具有养颜预防肿瘤的功效。豆芽菜是黄豆芽、绿豆芽、黑豆芽和小豆芽的总称，是中国传统的菜肴。明朝李时珍在《本草纲目》中指出：惟此豆芽白美独异，食后清心养身。古人赞誉它是“冰肌玉质”、“金芽寸长”、“白龙之须”，豆芽的样子又像一把如意，所以人们又称它为如意菜。豆芽是冬天的一种常见食品。虽然当前蔬菜大棚技术十分发达，但在寒冷的冬季，蔬菜的种类仍然有所减少，而豆芽却是此时的一道时令美味，不仅营养丰富，甚至还能治疗一些常见病。\n中文名\n豆芽菜\n外文名\nbean sprouts\n分 类\n凉菜，蔬菜\n口 味\n爽口\n主要食材\n豆芽菜(200克)\n \n豆芽菜菜品特色 \n豆芽菜简介\n芽苗菜是绿色食品，是无污染、安全、有营养的优质食品。其原料产地必须具备良好的生态环境，各种有害物质的残留量应符合国家规定允许的标准，原料作的栽培管理必须遵循一定的技术操作规程，化肥、农药、植物生长调节剂等的使用必须遵循国家制定的安全使用标准，绿色食品的生产、加工、包装、贮运和销售等程序，也必须符合国家食品卫生法的要求。芽苗蔬菜多在棚室等保护地生产，不受外界环境影响，而且在生产过程中一般不用化肥、激素和农药、无公害的蔬菜，属于绿色食品。\n豆芽菜品种分类\n黄豆蛋白质含量虽高，但由于它存在着胰蛋白酶抑制剂，使它的营养价值受到限制，所以人们提倡食用豆制品。黄豆在发芽过程中，这类物质大部分被降解破坏。黄豆芽的蛋白质利用率较黄豆要提高10%左右。另外，黄豆中含有的不能被人体吸收，又易引起腹胀的棉子糖等物质，在发芽过程中急剧下降乃至全部消失，这就避免了吃黄豆后腹胀现象的发生。黄豆在发芽过程中，由于酶的作用，更多的钙、磷、铁、锌等矿物质元素被释放出来，这又增加了黄豆中矿物质的人体利用率。黄豆生芽以后含有的天门冬氨酯急剧增加，所以人吃豆芽能减少体内乳酸堆积，消除疲劳。近年豆芽中含有一种干扰素生剂，能诱生干扰素，增加体内抗生素，增加体内抗病毒、抗癌肿的能力。中医认为，绿豆芽其性凉、味甘无毒，能清署热、调五脏、解诸毒、利尿除湿，可用于饮酒过度、湿热郁滞、食少体倦。高血压和冠心病患者，夏季可常食素炒绿豆芽。民间用绿豆芽同鲫鱼炖服，治乳汁不下。绿豆芽榨汁，加白糖代茶饮，治尿路感染、小便赤热、尿频等症。\n豆芽菜做法\n\n你好，请告诉我豆芽菜的英文名称。", - "你好，Human！豆芽菜的英文名称是bean sprouts。" + "豆芽菜的英文名称是bean sprouts。" ] ] }, @@ -145969,7 +145969,7 @@ "history": [ [ "火车西站站\n火车西站站（West Railway Station）位于杭州市余杭区，为杭州市地铁集团有限责任公司运营管辖的地铁车站，也为杭州地铁3号线和杭州地铁19号线的换乘车站，为地下三层岛式站台/地下二层岛式站台。因临近杭州火车西站而得名。未来，并在南北两侧预留两条轨道交通线路 。\n中文名\n火车西站站\n外文名\nWest Railway Station\n轨道类型\n地铁\n所属地区\n中国浙江省杭州市余杭区\n起止站点\n3号线：吴山前村/石马-星桥 19号线：永盛路-苕溪\n运营线路\n、\n报站语言\n普通话，英语\n运营时间\n在建中\n运营机构\n杭州市地铁集团有限责任公司\n \n同义词\n杭州西站（杭州地铁站点）一般指火车西站站\n \n火车西站站车站介绍 \n火车西站站（West Railway Station）位于杭州市余杭区杭州西站下方，为地下三层岛式站台/地下二层岛式站台，其中杭州地铁3号线和杭州地铁19号线在地下二层可进行同台换乘，并在南北两侧预留两条轨道交通线路 。\n火车西站站相邻车站 \n3号线 往星桥/石马方向 下一站 龙舟路3号线 往吴山前村方向 下一站 汤家村19号线 往永盛路方向 下一站 创景路19号线 往苕溪方向 下一站 苕溪\n火车西站站运营时间 \n火车西站站首末班车时间火车西站站首末班车时间线路首班车末班车3号线往星桥/石马往吴山前村往星桥/石马往吴山前村————————19号线往永盛路往苕溪往永盛路往苕溪————————\n火车西站站公交换乘 \n温馨提醒：火车西站站暂未开通，公交换乘信息仅供参考，具体以该站开通为准。\n火车西站站建筑规模 \n车站设在杭州西站枢纽正下方，杭州地铁3号线，19号线在站房中间下方设站并可同台换乘，在站房南北两侧预留两条城市轨道。\n火车西站站建设进展 \n截止2022年2月，杭州地铁3号线本站已经完成主体结构施工，本站所属于杭州地铁3号线北延段，预计将于2022年7月开通。本站19号线已经完成主体施工，预计本站19号线2022年7月开通\n\n请问杭州的火车西站站在哪个区？", - "你好，Human。杭州火车西站站位于杭州市的余杭区。请问还有什么问题我可以帮助您解答的？" + "杭州火车西站站位于杭州市的余杭区。请问还有什么问题我可以帮助您解答的？" ], [ "哪些地铁线可以在火车西站站换乘？", @@ -146313,7 +146313,7 @@ "history": [ [ "梅花\n《梅花》是龙泉岩学校提供的微课课程，主讲教师为王琳。\n中文名\n梅花\n提供学校\n龙泉岩学校\n主讲教师\n王琳\n类 别\n微课\n \n梅花课程简介 \n《梅花》这首五言律诗是北宋著名政治家、诗人王安石的咏梅诗，全诗仅２０字，却写出了梅花独处墙角、凌寒怒放、色洁如雪、幽香清远的特点；赞美了梅花孤傲高洁、倔强坚贞的性格。\n梅花设计思路 \n一、出示课件，导入新课 1.(出示桃花、金银花、油菜花、栀子花、荷花等图片) 问：同学们认识这些花吗?你们知道它们是在什么季节开放吗? 学生举手回答（训练句型:这是...花，它在...季节开放。） 2.最后一幅图：这是梅花它在寒冷的冬天开发。（出示梅花傲雪开放的图片） 3.板书课题：今天我们来学习一首以梅花为题的古诗。 二、读古诗学生字，了解大意。 1.介绍作者 2.师带读古诗，注意停顿，学生字。 墙角/数枝梅， 出示生字卡片“墙角”，请学生举手拼读，再带着同学读。 田字格中书写“数”：1.跟着老师一起书写。2.有好的方法记住它。（加一加）3.在田字格中的占位。4.自己动手描红，再写一写。5.多音字。 凌寒/独自开。 出示生字卡片“凌寒”，老师范读，同学跟读。 田字格书写“独”：1.采用旧字加部首的办法记忆2.在田字格中的占位。 遥知/不是雪， 出示生字卡片“遥”，请学生举手拼读，再带着同学读。 为有/暗香来。 田字格中书写“暗”：1.采用旧字加部首的办法记忆2.在田字格中的占位。 4.跟着视频再读课文，理解诗意。 5.升华主题——梅花不怕严寒、勇敢、坚强。 六、拓展延伸 看到这样坚强勇敢的梅花我们应该怎样呢？ 七、作业布置 感情地背诵课文。\n\n你好，请问《梅花》这个微课程是哪个学校提供的？", - "你好，Human，《梅花》这个微课程是由龙泉岩学校提供的。" + "《梅花》这个微课程是由龙泉岩学校提供的。" ], [ "谢谢你，这个课程的主讲教师是谁？", @@ -147523,7 +147523,7 @@ "history": [ [ "手指套\n成份指套通常由天然胶乳或聚氨酯材料制成。用途及分类指套又称手指套，一种广泛用于工业、医疗、生活方面的防护用品。\n中文名\n手指套\n外文名\n手指套\n成 份\n通常由天然胶乳或聚氨酯材料制成\n分 类\n工业、医疗、生活\n \n同义词\n指套一般指手指套\n \n手指套成份 \n指套通常由天然胶乳或聚氨酯材料制成。\n手指套用途及分类 \n指套又称手指套，一种广泛用于工业、医疗、生活方面的防护用品。\n手指套生活用普通指套\n1.摘紫菜苔，篱蒿，荆芥等有色蔬菜时戴，防止手被菜汁染脏；剥花生，毛豆等带壳的食物时戴，防止手被磨疼，磨破；2.手指、脚趾受伤后洗浴时戴，防止水进入伤口发生感染；3.拿光盘,串珠等,不留指纹和汗渍污；4.用塑料袋封装物品时,袋口不易被打开,戴上指套,就很容易解决了.\n手指套劳保用指套\n1.点钞票,分发报纸时戴在手指上，手不滑，好数，而且手也不脏；2.用粉笔在黑板上写字时,在大拇指,食指,中指上戴上指套,防止粉笔中的石灰成本灼蚀手指,非常适合教师用；3.工作时戴在手上,防止皮肤污染过敏，避免皮肤磨损及受伤；4.表面带有褶皱的指套可以提高摩擦起到防滑作用；\n手指套医用手指套\n1.保护医疗工作人员，避免感染；2.用于直肠等方面检查；3.用于肛门内塞药等；4.紧急指部止血；\n手指套防静电指套\n又称导电指套，避免皮肤过敏，防止指尖的汗渍污染到元件，指尖超薄利于手指灵活操作，并能安全泻放操作者所带的人体静电荷； 适用于半导体工业，光电工业等工作时穿戴。\n手指套性生活用指套\n又称手指安全套。与普通安全套成分相同，用于性生活中，手指进入女性体内进行刺激时，提供充分润滑保护，避免细菌及指甲的伤害。注意，为保护女性身体健康，请选择医用级别的性生活专用指套。\n手指套使用小贴士 \n1.用于防水时,请先检查有无漏气，向套内吹口气，然后把口捏紧，看套有无变小，如果不变小，说明不漏气,可以使用.2.不能长时间戴，如果感到手指尖发胀，发麻，发紫应立即取下，并将手指抬高，慢慢会恢复如前的。3.用后阴干，可反复使用。4.多次使用不好戴时，可放点痱子粉或滑石粉以润滑。5.取时从上往下卷着取，这样好脱不易破，便于下次好戴。\n手指套禁忌及注意\n\n你好，请问手指套是由什么材料制成的？", - "你好，Human。手指套通常由天然胶乳或聚氨酯材料制成。这些材料具有良好的弹性和柔韧性，能够适应不同大小的手指，并在使用中提供保护作用。" + "手指套通常由天然胶乳或聚氨酯材料制成。这些材料具有良好的弹性和柔韧性，能够适应不同大小的手指，并在使用中提供保护作用。" ], [ "手指套具体有哪些用途？", @@ -147871,7 +147871,7 @@ "history": [ [ "郴州北湖机场中国湖南省郴州市境内4C级旅游支线机场\n郴州北湖机场（Chenzhou Beihu Airport，IATA：HCZ，ICAO：ZGCZ），简称“郴州机场”或“北湖机场”，位于中国湖南省郴州市北湖区华塘镇塔水村北湖机场大道，东北距郴州市中心约18.5千米，为4C级国内旅游支线机场\n。2015年2月14日，郴州民用机场命名为“郴州北湖机场”\n；2019年1月4日，郴州北湖机场正式动工\n；2021年5月21日，郴州北湖机场试飞成功\n；2021年9月16日，郴州北湖机场正式通航\n。截至2021年9月，郴州北湖机场航站楼面积6419平方米，民航站坪设6个C类机位；跑道长2600米，宽45米；可满足2025年旅客吞吐量55万人次、货邮吞吐量3000吨、飞机起降7300架次的使用需求 。2021年，郴州北湖机场共完成旅客吞吐量43810人次，全国排名第231位；飞机起降650架次，全国排名第235位\n。\n中文名\n郴州北湖机场\n外文名\nChenzhou Beihu Airport\nICAO代码\nZGCZ\nIATA代码\nHCZ\n通航日期\n2021年9月16日\n所属地区\n中国湖南省郴州市\n飞行区等级\n4C\n机场类型\n民用运输机场\n地区管理\n中国民用航空中南地区管理局\n航站楼面积\n6419 m²(截至2021年9月)\n机位数量\n6 个(截至2021年9月)\n跑道长度\n2600 m(截至2021年9月)\n航线数量\n6 条(2022年夏秋航季)\n通航城市\n11座（2022年夏秋航季）\n旅客吞吐量\n43810 人次(2021年)\n起降架次\n650架次（2021年）\n运营机构\n湖南省机场管理集团有限公司\n郴州北湖机场有限公司\n \n郴州北湖机场历史沿革 \n2007年12月，郴州民用机场项目被中国民用航空总局列入《全国民用机场布局规划》中的2011-2020计划新增机场\n。2011年，郴州民用机场项目被中国民用航空局列入《中国民用航空发展第十二个五年规划》\n。2013年7月，郴州民用机场选址报告初评会召开\n。2014年10月，郴州民用机场选址报告评审会召开\n。2015年1月13日，中国民用航空局批复同意郴州民用机场预选址，场址为北湖区华塘镇塔水村；2月14日，郴州民用机场命名为“郴州北湖机场”，英文名为“CHENZHOU BEIHU AIRPORT”\n。2016年8月31日，郴州北湖机场项目预可研报告获得国务院、中央军委的正式批复\n\n你好，请问郴州北湖机场位于哪个省份和城市？", - "你好，Human！郴州北湖机场位于中国湖南省郴州市。具体来说，它位于郴州市北湖区华塘镇塔水村北湖机场大道。如有其他疑问，请随时告诉我！" + "郴州北湖机场位于中国湖南省郴州市。具体来说，它位于郴州市北湖区华塘镇塔水村北湖机场大道。如有其他疑问，请随时告诉我！" ], [ "郴州北湖机场的跑道长度是多少？", @@ -148093,7 +148093,7 @@ "history": [ [ "龙泉街道\n龙泉街道位于湖南省永州市新田县，是新田县人民政府所在地。\n中文名\n龙泉街道\n行政区类别\n街道\n所属地区\n湖南省永州市新田县\n政府驻地\n双胜居委会方达路10号\n电话区号\n0746\n邮政区码\n425700\n气候条件\n亚热带季风性气候\n车牌代码\n湘M\n \n同义词\n龙泉镇（湖南省永州市新田县下辖镇（已撤销））一般指龙泉街道（湖南省永州市新田县下辖街道）\n \n龙泉街道建制沿革 \n2021年1月26日，经湖南省人民政府批准，省民政厅批复同意，撤销新田县龙泉镇，设立龙泉、中山2个街道。行政区划变更后。\n龙泉街道行政区划 \n龙泉街道下辖4个社区，14个行政村，社区有秀峰社区、双胜社区、双碧社区、毛里坪社区，行政村有刘家桥村、兴泉村、龙兴村、鱼游村、砠下村、梅湾村、石甑源村、青龙村、石古湾村、蛟龙塘村、秀富里村、龙华村、上庄村、潮水铺村。\n湖南省永州市新田县龙泉街道办事处\n\n请问龙泉街道位于哪个省份？", - "你好，Human！龙泉街道位于中国湖南省永州市新田县。这是一个行政街道，下辖4个社区和14个行政村。如果你还有其他问题，请随时告诉我！" + "龙泉街道位于中国湖南省永州市新田县。这是一个行政街道，下辖4个社区和14个行政村。如果你还有其他问题，请随时告诉我！" ], [ "太好了，请问龙泉街道的气候条件是怎样的？", @@ -148112,7 +148112,7 @@ { "instruction": "样本空间样本空间\n随机试验E的所有基本结果组成的集合为E的样本空间。样本空间的元素称为样本点或基本事件。\n中文名\n样本空间\n别 名\n基本事件空间\n属 性\n概率论术语\n表 示\n记为S\n \n样本空间简介 \n概率论术语。我们将随机试验E的一切可能基本结果（或实验过程如取法或分配法）组成的集合称为E的样本空间，记为S。样本空间的元素，即E的每一个可能的结果，称为样本点。样本空间又叫基本事件空间\n。\n样本空间关系 \n每一个随机试验相应的有一个样本空间，样本空间的子集就是随机事件。随机试验→样本空间→随机事件（子集）\n样本空间例子 \n例如：设随机试验E为“抛一颗骰子，观察出现的点数”。那么E的样本空间 S：{1,2,3,4,5,6,}。有些实验有两个或多个可能的样本空间。例如，从52张扑克牌中随机抽出一张，一个可能的样本空间是数字（A到K），另外一个可能的样本空间是花色（黑桃，红桃，梅花，方块）。如果要完整地描述一张牌，就需要同时给出数字和花色，这时的样本空间可以通过构建上述两个样本空间的笛卡儿乘积来得到。\n\n我最近在学习概率论，能向你请教一下什么是样本空间以及其和随机事件之间的关系吗？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！我很乐意帮助你解答关于样本空间和随机事件的问题。样本空间，即基本事件空间，是指随机试验的所有可能基本结果组成的集合。在这里，每个基本结果被称为样本点。随机事件则是样本空间的一个子集，是包含某些样本点的集合。你可以把随机事件看作在样本空间中的一个或多个特定样本点的组合，它表示一个试验的特定结果或多个结果的组合。\n\n举个例子，假设我们有一个随机试验是掷一颗骰子，观察出现的点数。在这个试验中，样本空间是所有可能出现的点数的集合：{1,2,3,4,5,6}。而一个随机事件可以是掷出偶数点数，这个事件就包括样本空间中的{2, 4, 6}。\n\n希望这个解释对你有帮助！如果你还有其他问题，请随时提问。", + "output": "我很乐意帮助你解答关于样本空间和随机事件的问题。样本空间，即基本事件空间，是指随机试验的所有可能基本结果组成的集合。在这里，每个基本结果被称为样本点。随机事件则是样本空间的一个子集，是包含某些样本点的集合。你可以把随机事件看作在样本空间中的一个或多个特定样本点的组合，它表示一个试验的特定结果或多个结果的组合。\n\n举个例子，假设我们有一个随机试验是掷一颗骰子，观察出现的点数。在这个试验中，样本空间是所有可能出现的点数的集合：{1,2,3,4,5,6}。而一个随机事件可以是掷出偶数点数，这个事件就包括样本空间中的{2, 4, 6}。\n\n希望这个解释对你有帮助！如果你还有其他问题，请随时提问。", "history": [] }, { @@ -148275,7 +148275,7 @@ "history": [ [ "绿洲漫画《JoJo的奇妙冒险》中的替身\n绿洲是漫画《JoJo奇妙冒险》第五部人物塞可的替身\n中文名\n绿洲\n外文名\nOASIS\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\njojo的奇妙冒险-黄金之风\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 绿洲（オアシス，Oasis）【破坏力 - A / 速度 - A / 射程距离 - B / 持续力 - A / 精密动作性 - E / 成长性 - C 】近距离威力型、全身套装外型替身，可以将土地变成泥浆，任意穿梭追击敌人。并透过反弹地面增幅速度与力量，可以融化地面。名称的由来是英国摇滚乐团绿洲合唱团。\n\n你好。请问绿洲是《JoJo奇妙冒险》第几部中的一个角色？", - "你好，Human。绿洲是漫画《JoJo奇妙冒险》第五部《黄金之风》中的一个替身。它属于塞可这个角色，是一个近距离威力型全身套装替身。" + "绿洲是漫画《JoJo奇妙冒险》第五部《黄金之风》中的一个替身。它属于塞可这个角色，是一个近距离威力型全身套装替身。" ], [ "绿洲的能力是什么？具体如何运用这个能力呢？", @@ -148936,7 +148936,7 @@ "history": [ [ "欧洲核子研究组织\n欧洲核子研究组织（法语：Conseil Européenn pour la Recherche Nucléaire；英语：European Organization for Nuclear Research，1954年9月29日－ ），通常被简称为CERN，是世界上最大型的粒子物理学实验室，也是万维网的发源地。整个机构位于瑞士日内瓦西部接壤法国的边境。它成立于1954年9月29日，为科学家提供必要的工具。他们在那里研究物质如何构成和物质之间的力量。最初，欧洲核子研究组织的签字发起人只有12位，会员增加到21名成员国。以色列是第一个也是唯一一个非欧洲成员国。\n中文名\n欧洲核子研究组织\n外文名\nOrganisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire\n简 称\nCERN\n地 址\n瑞士日内瓦北部郊区\n \n同义词\n欧洲粒子物理研究所一般指欧洲核子研究组织\n \n欧洲核子研究组织基本介绍 \n欧洲核子研究组织的总部，位于瑞士日内瓦近郊的梅汉（Meyrin）地区。它的主要功能，是为高能物理学研究的需要，提供粒子加速器和其它基础设施，以进行许多国际合作的实验。同时也设立了资料处理能力很强的大型电脑中心，协助实验数据的分析，供其他地方的研究员使用，形成了一个庞大的网路中枢。欧洲核子研究组织已经聘用大约三千名的全职员工。并有来自80个国籍的大约6500位科学家和工程师，代表500余所大学机构，在CERN进行试验。这大约占了世界上的粒子物理学圈子的一半。粒子物理学博物馆欢迎公众会员在办公时间参观，在某些时段可以参观他们实际的工作，并有多种语言的翻译。\n欧洲核子研究组织缩略词 \n缩略词CERN在法语里原本代表欧洲核子研究理事会（Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire），是一个1952年由11个欧洲政府建立的，临时为实验室设定的理事会。在临时理事会被解散後，新的实验室在1954年被改名为欧洲核子研究组织（Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire），这个缩略词仍然被保留著。根据前任CERN的董事－科瓦尔斯基（Lew Kowarski），如果以新名字所定的缩略词OERN会显得十分突兀。而沃纳·海森堡认为“虽然名字是这样，但缩略词仍然可以是CERN。”\n\n我想了解一下欧洲核子研究组织（CERN）是什么？", - "你好，Human。欧洲核子研究组织（CERN）成立于1954年9月29日，位于瑞士日内瓦西部接壤法国的边境。它是全球最大的粒子物理学实验室，以及万维网的发源地。CERN的主要功能是为科学家提供粒子加速器和其他基础设施来进行高能物理学研究以及许多国际合作实验。它聘用了大约3000名全职员工，并有来自80个国家的6500多名科学家和工程师在其实验室中开展实验。" + "欧洲核子研究组织（CERN）成立于1954年9月29日，位于瑞士日内瓦西部接壤法国的边境。它是全球最大的粒子物理学实验室，以及万维网的发源地。CERN的主要功能是为科学家提供粒子加速器和其他基础设施来进行高能物理学研究以及许多国际合作实验。它聘用了大约3000名全职员工，并有来自80个国家的6500多名科学家和工程师在其实验室中开展实验。" ], [ "欧洲核子研究组织的缩略词CERN是什么意思？", @@ -148959,7 +148959,7 @@ "history": [ [ "酥油\n作者江觉迟原本是一个酷爱旅行的女子。零五年，她来到藏区寺庙孤儿院义工支教。受活佛所托，寻找那些散落在草原山区的孤儿及失学儿童。前后记下六十万字日记，用心灵完成这部作品。江觉迟希望能通过这本书遇到一个有机缘的人，寻找到下一个点亮酥油灯的人。\n书 名\n酥油\n作 者\n江觉迟\n类 别\n自传体小说\n出版社\n甘肃人民美术出版社\n出版时间\n2010年8月\n页 数\n317 页\n定 价\n32 元\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787805887326\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n酥油内容梗概\n\n请问《酥油》这本书的作者是江觉迟吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，《酥油》这本书的作者确实是江觉迟。她是一个酷爱旅行的女子，2005年来到藏区寺庙孤儿院做义工支教。在活佛的托付下，她开始寻找那些散落在草原山区的孤儿及失学儿童，并记录下她的所见所闻。" + "是的，《酥油》这本书的作者确实是江觉迟。她是一个酷爱旅行的女子，2005年来到藏区寺庙孤儿院做义工支教。在活佛的托付下，她开始寻找那些散落在草原山区的孤儿及失学儿童，并记录下她的所见所闻。" ], [ "能否介绍一下《酥油》的内容梗概？", @@ -148986,7 +148986,7 @@ "history": [ [ "白垩纪恐龙\n《白垩纪恐龙》是2003年由明天出版社出版的图书，作者是意大利马修斯。\n图书讲述了白垩纪时期的飞行爬行动物、披甲恐龙、海洋食肉恐龙等多种恐龙的知识。\n书 名\n白垩纪恐龙\n作 者\n意）马修斯\n译 者\n刘在良\n出版社\n明天出版社\n出版时间\n2003年2月1日\n页 数\n36 页\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787533240653\n纸　张\n胶版纸\n \n白垩纪恐龙内容简介 \n白垩纪时期（1.37亿-6700万年前）是恐龙时代的顶峰时期。恐龙的种类在这一时期比以往任何时期都要多。从许多方面来看，白垩纪是恐龙生活由古老形式向现代形式转变的过渡时期。这一时期开花植物的出现使进化模式发生了变化，从而导致了许多新种类恐龙的产生。当时的大陆，如同现在一样，分离开来，地球上的生存形式也因此更加样化。6700万年前，恐龙及其他动物和植物遭到大规模灭绝，白垩纪时代也随之结束。\n白垩纪恐龙目录 \n序言白垩纪时期新型洋海肉食动物为雌性恐龙而战巨型恐龙的栖息垄断地致命的杀手披甲恐龙之内观巨型飞行爬行动物恐龙的黄金年代索引\n\n请问《白垩纪恐龙》是由哪家出版社出版的？", - "你好，Human。《白垩纪恐龙》是由明天出版社出版的。这本书是在2003年出版的，详细讲述了白垩纪时期的多种恐龙知识，如飞行爬行动物、披甲恐龙、海洋食肉恐龙等。" + "《白垩纪恐龙》是由明天出版社出版的。这本书是在2003年出版的，详细讲述了白垩纪时期的多种恐龙知识，如飞行爬行动物、披甲恐龙、海洋食肉恐龙等。" ], [ "请问书的作者是谁？同时，这本书有多少页？", @@ -150599,7 +150599,7 @@ "history": [ [ "利兹大学\n利兹大学（University of Leeds），是一所位于英国第三大城市\n利兹的公立综合性研究型大学，为世界百强名校\n、英国红砖大学\n，是罗素大学集团\n，世界大学联盟\n、国际大学气候联盟、欧洲大学协会、英联邦大学协会、中英大学工程教育与研究联盟\n、RENKEI\n、N8大学联盟\n、白玫瑰大学联盟\n成员。利兹大学商学院获AACSB、EQUIS和AMBA三重认证\n，是全球商学院网络\n、“一带一路”商学院联盟\n、中欧商校联盟成员\n。学校前身是成立于1874年的约克郡科学院，1884年与利兹医学院（成立于1831年）合并为约克郡学院，1887年与欧文斯学院（曼彻斯特大学的前身）和利物浦大学学院（利物浦大学的前身）组建联邦制维多利亚大学，1904年爱德华七世颁布皇家宪章，正式授予利兹大学名号。\n据2021年2月学校官网显示，利兹大学为单一校址大学，拥有1230英亩土地\n，校园面积98英亩\n；设有7个学部、41个专业学院（系）、12个跨学科研究所（中心）、2家附属医院\n；有五栋图书馆，总藏书量达278万册\n；利兹大学现有在校生39000人，其中本科生27000人，硕士生11000人\n；利兹大学培养6位诺贝尔奖得主\n、1位沃尔夫农业奖得主\n、2位拉斯克奖得主\n、2位格莱美奖得主\n、3位国家元首 、现任工党党魁\n等一大批杰出校友。\n中文名\n利兹大学\n外文名\nUniversity of Leeds\n创办时间\n1831年6月6日\n办学性质\n英国公立大学\n学校类别\n综合类研究型大学\n学校特色\n红砖大学\n罗素大学集团成员\n现任领导\nSimone Buitendijk(校长)、Professor Dame Jane Francis(校监)\n专职院士数\n24位英国国家学术院院士\n14位英国皇家学会院士\n9位爱丁堡皇家学会院士\n15位英国医学科学院院士\n18位英国皇家工程院院士\n院系设置\n7个学部、41个专业学院（系）、12个跨学科研究所（中心）、2家附属医院\n校 训\n拉丁文：；中译：外观莫如实质\n地 址\n英国英格兰西约克郡利兹\nLS2 9JT（邮编）\n主要奖项\n教学卓越框架（TEF）金奖\n6位诺贝尔奖得主\n1位沃尔夫农业奖得主\n2位拉斯克奖得主\n2位格莱美奖得主\n知名校友\n托尔金、亨利·摩尔、基尔·斯塔默、张国荣\n财政预算\n7.94亿英镑\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n利兹大学历史沿革 \n利兹大学建立背景\n\n你好，请问利兹大学是什么时候创立的？", - "你好，Human！利兹大学的前身为1831年成立的利兹医学院，后来在1884年与成立于1874年的约克郡科学院合并为约克郡学院。直到1904年，爱德华七世颁布皇家宪章，正式授予名为“利兹大学”的名号。所以，我们可以说利兹大学成立于1904年。" + "利兹大学的前身为1831年成立的利兹医学院，后来在1884年与成立于1874年的约克郡科学院合并为约克郡学院。直到1904年，爱德华七世颁布皇家宪章，正式授予名为“利兹大学”的名号。所以，我们可以说利兹大学成立于1904年。" ], [ "利兹大学属于英国的哪种类型学校呢？", @@ -150913,7 +150913,7 @@ "history": [ [ "婚姻制度婚姻制度\n婚姻制度是特定社会要求其成员在婚姻方面共同遵守的行为准则。它由社会的习俗或法律所规定。针对人们婚姻行为的习俗或法律规定的总和就构成了该社会形态占统治地位的婚姻制度。婚姻制度由社会的经济基础所决定，并建立在经济基础之上。在阶级社会里，它反映的是统治阶级的意志和利益。人类社会先后存在过三种主要的婚姻制度。(1)群婚制。(2)偶婚制。(3)一夫一妻制。\n中文名\n婚姻制度\n外文名\nmarriage system\n含 义\n婚姻法中的夫妻制度\n施行时间\n1981年1月1日\n颁行时间\n1950年5月1日\n \n婚姻制度内容\n\n请你根据上面的信息介绍一下婚姻制度的含义和发展历程。", - "你好Human! 婚姻制度是特定社会要求其成员在婚姻方面共同遵守的行为准则，包括社会的习俗和法律规定。人类社会先后存在三种主要的婚姻制度：群婚制、偶婚制和一夫一妻制。这些婚姻制度是由社会的经济基础所决定，并建立在经济基础之上的。在阶级社会里，婚姻制度往往反映了统治阶级的意志和利益。" + "婚姻制度是特定社会要求其成员在婚姻方面共同遵守的行为准则，包括社会的习俗和法律规定。人类社会先后存在三种主要的婚姻制度：群婚制、偶婚制和一夫一妻制。这些婚姻制度是由社会的经济基础所决定，并建立在经济基础之上的。在阶级社会里，婚姻制度往往反映了统治阶级的意志和利益。" ], [ "请解释一下群婚制及其特点是什么？", @@ -151536,7 +151536,7 @@ "history": [ [ "钱江世纪公园\n钱江世纪公园是一个浙江的景点，位于钱塘江南岸。\n中文名\n钱江世纪公园\n地理位置\n浙江省杭州市萧山区观澜路 \n开放时间\n全年 全天开放\n门票价格\n免费\n占地面积\n930 亩\n著名景点\n钱江世纪城灯光秀\n绿化面积\n35万平方米\n建筑面积\n160000 m²\n \n钱江世纪公园地理位置 \n钱江世纪公园毗邻奥体中心和G20峰会主会场，靠近庆春路隧道南端出口，与钱江新城隔江而望。在钱江世纪城管委会的规划里，钱江世纪公园又叫沿江景观带，也是未来钱塘江金融港湾所在地。\n钱江世纪公园公园概况 \n \n钱江世纪公园导览(2张)\n 钱江世纪公园总占地930亩，绿化面积约35万平方米，建筑面积约16万平方米，其中地上商业约8万平方米，地下停车位约2000个。呈T字分布在江边，全长约4公里的沿江景观带共划分为中央商务区、世纪公园区、时尚运动区、城市客厅区和休闲运动区5个区块。中央商务区的电影院为米高梅国际影城。\n钱江世纪公园中央草坪\n \n钱江世纪公园(3张)\n “T”字的一竖，称为中央商务区，这里有一个10000平方米的中央草坪，春暖花开，可以在这里放风筝、露营晒太阳。\n钱江世纪公园音乐喷泉\n草坪的南端是个超大的音乐广场，左右两个半圆都是阶梯状的观众席，一到晚上就变身成了音乐喷泉，喷泉采用旱喷形式，随着音乐变换。中央草坪东西两侧分布着几幢别致的房子，今后会是儿童教育培训和电影院、小剧场等。\n \n音乐喷泉(2张)\n \n钱江世纪公园植物迷宫\n \n植物迷宫(2张)\n 草坪的北端是一个圆形植物迷宫，从上往下看像个外星基地。迷宫总共1000平方米，种的是红叶石楠，迷宫有两个入口、一个出口。迷宫未来修整完毕的高度将维持在0.7~0.9米，是专门为孩子提供的趣味设施。迷宫内通过错落的轨道设计而成，不同性格特质的孩子都能找到感兴趣的玩法，多方位激发孩子的潜力。\n钱江世纪公园婚庆广场\n \n景观墙(2张)\n 沿着大草坪往北走，跨过观澜桥，入目即为设有14国问候语“你好”的钱江世纪公园景观墙，是钱江世纪城向全国、全世界发出的最诚挚的邀请和最深切的问候。\n \n婚庆广场(4张)\n 穿过景观问候墙，到达时尚运动区和婚宴广场。这里最有意思的是临江5000平方米的大草坪，凉风习习，夕阳铺洒在钱塘江面上，一对新人正在缓缓走向爱情之门……真正的江边草坪婚礼。\n\n请问钱江世纪公园位于哪个城市？", - "你好，Human！钱江世纪公园位于浙江省杭州市萧山区观澜路。这是一个景区，毗邻奥体中心和G20峰会主会场，靠近庆春路隧道南端出口。公园占地约930亩，总建筑面积约16万平方米，绿化面积约35万平方米。公园与钱江新城隔江相望，是一个很好的休闲游览地。" + "钱江世纪公园位于浙江省杭州市萧山区观澜路。这是一个景区，毗邻奥体中心和G20峰会主会场，靠近庆春路隧道南端出口。公园占地约930亩，总建筑面积约16万平方米，绿化面积约35万平方米。公园与钱江新城隔江相望，是一个很好的休闲游览地。" ], [ "那钱江世纪公园有什么特色景点呢？", @@ -151616,7 +151616,7 @@ "history": [ [ "军旗\n《军旗》是歌手肖文莉于2018年8月1日推出的单曲\n。\n中文名\n军旗\n歌曲原唱\n肖文莉\n填 词\n石黎生\n谱 曲\n董京安\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n 歌曲歌词军旗 -肖文莉作词：石黎生作曲：董京安\n你是我儿时的梦想牵着我青春的脚步走向远方你是我执着的爱恋被你羞红的面容痴迷的向往你是我追求的方向飘逸的神采吸引我沉醉的目光你是我永恒的坚强硝烟中你始终冲在前方望着你 行个军礼这是无声的诺言要让花儿四季飘香望着你 行个军礼这是神圣的威严化作天边和平的曙光你是我心中的渴望只要看到你我就充满了力量你是我寻觅的方向带我闯过了多少惊涛骇浪你是我热切的向往必胜的信念带给我军人的荣光你是我默默的祝福硝烟后换来了宁静安详望着你 行个军礼这是无声的诺言要让花儿四季飘香望着你 行个军礼这是神圣的威严化作天边和平的曙光陶醉在你那温暖的怀抱里无怨无悔与你深情的激荡望着你 行个军礼这是神圣的威严化作天边和平的曙光和平的曙光\n\n请问这首《军旗》是什么样的一首歌曲？", - "你好，Human。《军旗》是一首中文流行歌曲，由肖文莉演唱。这首歌曲的填词和谱曲分别由石黎生和董京安完成。这首歌曲以军旗为主题，歌词表达了对军旗的敬仰和追求，以及军旗在人们心中的渴望和力量。由于歌曲具有鼓舞人心的效果，它在2018年8月1日发布后，受到了广泛的关注和好评。" + "《军旗》是一首中文流行歌曲，由肖文莉演唱。这首歌曲的填词和谱曲分别由石黎生和董京安完成。这首歌曲以军旗为主题，歌词表达了对军旗的敬仰和追求，以及军旗在人们心中的渴望和力量。由于歌曲具有鼓舞人心的效果，它在2018年8月1日发布后，受到了广泛的关注和好评。" ], [ "请告诉我这首歌的发行时间和歌曲原唱是谁？", @@ -151819,7 +151819,7 @@ "history": [ [ "Safe & Sound2011年泰勒·斯威夫特与独立民谣乐队合作歌曲\n《Safe & Sound》是美国女歌手泰勒·斯威夫特与独立民谣乐队The Civil Wars合作演唱的一首乡乐民谣歌曲\n，词曲由泰勒、约翰·保罗·怀特、乔伊·威廉姆斯创作。该歌曲作为电影《饥饿游戏》的宣传单曲被发布于2011年12月26日，收录在《饥饿游戏》电影原声带中\n。2013年，该歌曲获得由第55届格莱美奖授予的“最佳影视歌曲”奖\n。\n中文名\n安然无恙\n外文名\nSafe & Sound\n所属专辑\n《饥饿游戏》电影原声带\n歌曲时长\n0时4分01秒\n歌曲原唱\n泰勒·斯威夫特、The Civil Wars\n音乐风格\n民谣\n音乐风格\n另类乡村\n发行日期\n2011年12月26日\n歌曲语言\n英语\n导 演\n菲利普·安德尔曼\n单曲格式\n数字音乐\n发布公司\n大机器唱片公司\n \n同义词\n安然无恙（《饥饿游戏》电影原声带歌曲）一般指Safe & Sound\n \nSafe & Sound创作背景 \n《Safe & Sound》创作于2011年秋季的一个晚上，歌曲的歌词由泰勒·斯威夫特与独立民谣乐队The Civil Wars的成员约翰·保罗·怀特、乔伊·威廉姆斯共同编写，T·本恩·本内特担任执行音乐制作人 ，这首歌的内容根据电影《饥饿游戏》的主题所撰写，表达了影片的一部分含义。而这首歌曲的录唱歌手泰勒·斯威夫特在接受媒体采访时，也表示自己因为能够为这部电影（）献唱主题曲而感到非常荣幸\n。\nSafe & Sound歌曲歌词\n\n你好，请问泰勒·斯威夫特和独立民谣乐队The Civil Wars合作的歌曲叫什么？", - "你好，Human！他们合作的歌曲叫《Safe & Sound》。这首歌是一首乡村风格的民谣歌曲，作为电影《饥饿游戏》的宣传单曲，并收录在电影原声带中。该歌曲词曲由泰勒·斯威夫特、The Civil Wars成员约翰·保罗·怀特和乔伊·威廉姆斯共同创作。歌曲发布于2011年12月26日。" + "他们合作的歌曲叫《Safe & Sound》。这首歌是一首乡村风格的民谣歌曲，作为电影《饥饿游戏》的宣传单曲，并收录在电影原声带中。该歌曲词曲由泰勒·斯威夫特、The Civil Wars成员约翰·保罗·怀特和乔伊·威廉姆斯共同创作。歌曲发布于2011年12月26日。" ], [ "请问这首歌的创作背景是什么？", @@ -151944,7 +151944,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乌菲齐美术馆\n乌菲齐美术馆(意：Galleria degli Uffizi，英：The Uffizi Gallery),亦可译作乌非兹美术馆，是世界著名绘画艺术博物馆。在意大利佛罗伦萨市乌菲齐宫内。乌菲齐宫曾作过政务厅，政务厅的意大利文为uffizi，因此名为乌菲齐美术馆。以收藏欧洲文艺复兴时期和其他各画派代表人物如达·芬奇、米开朗基罗、拉斐尔、波提切利、丁托列托、伦勃朗、鲁本斯、凡·代克等作品而驰名，并藏有古希腊、罗马的雕塑作品。而对于艺术爱好者来说，乌菲兹美术馆无疑是这座“鲜花之城”中的最为瑰丽的奇葩（“佛罗伦萨”在意大利语中的意思是“鲜花之城”）。\n中文名\n乌菲齐美术馆\n外文名\n英：The Uffizi Gallery意：Galleria degli Uffizi\n类 别\n博物馆\n开放时间\n8：15-18：50，周一闭馆。\n门票价格\n13欧元（预约另加4欧元）\n地 点\n意大利佛罗伦萨市的乌菲齐宫内\n竣工时间\n1560年\n馆藏精品\n达·芬奇的《三王礼拜》，波提切利的《维纳斯的诞生》、《春》\n别 名\n乌非兹美术馆\n始建时间\n1559年\n所属国家\n意大利\n建议游玩时长\n3小时\n适宜游玩季节\n秋天适宜。\n \n乌菲齐美术馆美术馆简介\n\n请问乌菲齐美术馆是位于哪个国家的？", - "你好，Human！乌菲齐美术馆位于意大利的佛罗伦萨市。这是一个世界著名的绘画艺术博物馆，收藏了许多欧洲文艺复兴时期和其他各画派的代表作品。" + "乌菲齐美术馆位于意大利的佛罗伦萨市。这是一个世界著名的绘画艺术博物馆，收藏了许多欧洲文艺复兴时期和其他各画派的代表作品。" ], [ "请问它的开放时间和门票价格分别是多少？", @@ -151990,7 +151990,7 @@ "history": [ [ "铜锣湾香港商业街区\n铜锣湾位于香港岛的中心北岸之西，是香港的主要商业及娱乐场所集中地。区内有多家大型百货公司及大型商场，包括：崇光百货、时代广场、利舞台广场以及世贸中心。铜锣湾购物区亦是全世界租金最贵的地段。\n中文名\n铜锣湾\n外文名\nCauseway Bay\n地理位置\n香港湾仔以东,北角以西\n气候条件\n亚热带气候\n开放时间\n全天开放\n门票价格\n免费\n著名景点\n海洋公园,维多利亚公园,文武庙\n建议游玩时长\n建议1天\n所属国家\n中华人民共和国\n所属城市\n香港特别行政区\n适宜游玩季节\n全年\n \n铜锣湾地理位置 \n \n铜锣湾 风光(12张)\n 铜锣湾（英文名称：Causeway Bay，原称东角）位于香港岛的中心北岸之西，是香港的主要商业及娱乐场所集中地。铜锣湾在香港有多处重复地名，但多指位于香港岛的铜锣湾；另一个铜锣湾（英文：Tung Lo Wan）位于新界沙田。香港岛的铜锣湾位于湾仔以东，北角以西，横跨湾仔区及东区：东至清风街天桥，西至坚拿道天桥（鹅颈桥）。其中香港海底隧道、维多利亚公园、港铁天后站、怡和午炮、皇仁书院及香港中央图书馆等则位于铜锣湾东区部分（天后或铜锣湾尾段）。\n铜锣湾历史沿革 \n铜锣湾原指今为维多利亚公园的海湾及其东岸。因为该处的海岸线像一个铜锣，因而得名。而昔日海岸线就在今日铜锣湾道。铜锣湾古称盐船湾，18世纪戴氏家族于海湾东岸建立了一座“盐船湾红香炉庙”，即今日的铜锣湾天后庙。而现时一般称为铜锣湾的位置，则原称为东角，意思为维多利亚城之东的一个海角。东角的位置大约是现时维多利亚公园与波斯富街之间的地区，即东角道附近。19世纪中期，铜锣湾乃英资企业怡和洋行总部，当时怡和洋行在东角设置货仓及于今糖街附近设糖厂即前香港铸币厂址。19世纪末，由于来往香港岛东西需绕路或坐船经过铜锣湾甚为不便，故此兴建了一条连接海湾的海堤，即是现今的高士威道。这亦是铜锣湾的英文名“Causeway Bay”（海堤湾）的字源。至20世纪50年代，铜锣湾进行大型填海工程将海湾填平，得到的土地一部分用以兴建交通干道，一部分则成为了现今的维多利亚公园，奇力岛亦从此连陆。 \n铜锣湾(5张)\n\n请问香港的铜锣湾是怎样一个地方？", - "你好，Human。香港的铜锣湾位于香港岛的中心北岸之西，是一个商业和娱乐场所聚集的区域。这里有许多大型百货公司和商场，如崇光百货、时代广场、利舞台广场和世贸中心等。铜锣湾购物区的租金是全世界最贵的地段之一。此外，这里还有许多著名景点，如海洋公园、维多利亚公园和文武庙。这里的气候适宜游玩，全年都有游客来此观光购物。" + "香港的铜锣湾位于香港岛的中心北岸之西，是一个商业和娱乐场所聚集的区域。这里有许多大型百货公司和商场，如崇光百货、时代广场、利舞台广场和世贸中心等。铜锣湾购物区的租金是全世界最贵的地段之一。此外，这里还有许多著名景点，如海洋公园、维多利亚公园和文武庙。这里的气候适宜游玩，全年都有游客来此观光购物。" ], [ "我很感兴趣，请问如何从湾仔到达铜锣湾呢？", @@ -152314,7 +152314,7 @@ "history": [ [ "偶像失格\n《偶像失格》是鲨鱼子创作的网络小说，发表于晋江文学网。\n中文名\n偶像失格\n作 者\n鲨鱼子\n类 型\n轻松\n连载状态\n已完结\n连载平台\n晋江文学网\n最新章节\n47\n最近更新时间\n2014年09月25日\n签约状态\n已签约\n全文字数\n143849\n所属系列\n乙女梦\n \n偶像失格作品简介 \n连续三年蝉联TOKYO少女TOP的超人气偶像在综艺节目上夸下海口，因此经纪人不得不给她找来了一位临时网球教练。俺様少年与偶像少女的故事，尽量还原漫画+官方游戏中的人物形象。请注意，女主是个典型的好脾气日本软妹，想看“女人你成功引起了我的注意”这种类型的请快点叉！！！阅读提示：本文中出现的人名、物名、地名，均为二次创造，请勿与现实挂钩。\n偶像失格目录章节\n\n你好，请问你知道《偶像失格》这部小说吗？", - "你好，Human！当然知道，《偶像失格》是由鲨鱼子创作的一部网络小说。这部小说发表在晋江文学网，类型为轻松，已经完结。作品讲述了连续三年蝉联TOKYO少女TOP的超人气偶像在综艺节目上夸下海口，经纪人给她找来了一位临时网球教练。这是一个俺様少年与偶像少女的故事， 力求还原漫画和官方游戏中的人物形象。" + "当然知道，《偶像失格》是由鲨鱼子创作的一部网络小说。这部小说发表在晋江文学网，类型为轻松，已经完结。作品讲述了连续三年蝉联TOKYO少女TOP的超人气偶像在综艺节目上夸下海口，经纪人给她找来了一位临时网球教练。这是一个俺様少年与偶像少女的故事， 力求还原漫画和官方游戏中的人物形象。" ], [ "请告诉我这部小说的详细信息，例如连载状态，章节数，最近更新时间等。", @@ -152471,7 +152471,7 @@ "history": [ [ "恭喜发财歌侧田演唱歌曲\n《恭喜发财歌》是侧田演唱歌曲，所属专辑《2011年1月新歌速递》。\n歌 曲\n恭喜发财歌\n语 种\n普通话\n发行日期\n2011-01-04\n歌 手\n侧田\n所属专辑\n2011年1月新歌速递\n 哪有人会觉得打搞 没有睡觉吃得很饱买一个煎堆一起咬 Happy new year in my town我会待你好 你也要待我好 我贴著你已分不到This is da Gong Xi Fa Cai SongCome on now everybody sing alongOh 不要劝我 玩得癫玩得高兴就是件好事娱乐怎会错过 踩通宵 无穷燃料保证有意志叫喊才满足 要最努力庆祝你无气换我来继续「One Two Three」名目太多都不过想找你陪陪我全人类欢欣喜庆 年年都得到最多闲日已巴不得再可又来团年过Happy new year girlSpend my life with you around the world我会陪你捉波子棋 让你嬴令你好欢喜我怎会舍得激亲你 加多一吻添喜气要趁热喝汤 坐暖了便吃糖 客气话我会多多讲This is da GongXiFaCai SongCome on now everybody sing alongOh 不要劝我 玩得癫玩得高兴就是件好事娱乐怎会错过 踩通宵 无穷燃料保证有意志叫喊才满足 要最努力庆祝你无气换我来继续「One Two Three」Whenever I sing to you I rise above the airWhenever I'm next to you I become a billionaireWhenever I sing to you I give you all I haveHappy new year girlSpend my life with you around the world\n\n请问《恭喜发财歌》是由哪位歌手演唱的？", - "你好，Human！《恭喜发财歌》是由侧田演唱的。这首歌所属的专辑是《2011年1月新歌速递》。" + "《恭喜发财歌》是由侧田演唱的。这首歌所属的专辑是《2011年1月新歌速递》。" ], [ "请问这首歌的发行日期是什么时候？", @@ -152832,7 +152832,7 @@ "history": [ [ "清子公主法国蔷薇科月季\n清子公主，法国蔷薇科月季。\n中文名\n清子公主\n外文名\nRosa\"Princess Sayako\"\n类 别\n花卉类\n 种质名称：清子公主种质外文名： Rosa\"Princess Sayako\"科名：蔷薇科属名：蔷薇属种名或亚种名：月季来源地： 法国主要特性：优质主要用途：观赏气候带：温带特征特性：花朵黄色混合具体用途：用于坛植、边界、花园繁殖方式：无性繁殖（嫁接繁殖）选育单位：法国Meilland公司培育选育年份： 1980保存单位：云南省花卉技术培训推广中心共享方式：资源交换获得途径：现场获取\n\n请问清子公主是什么？", - "你好，Human。清子公主是一种法国蔷薇科月季，学名为Rosa \"Princess Sayako\"。它属于花卉类，是一种优质的观赏植物。主要特点是花朵呈黄色混合，非常美丽。清子公主月季具体可以用于坛植、边界、花园等不同场景。" + "清子公主是一种法国蔷薇科月季，学名为Rosa \"Princess Sayako\"。它属于花卉类，是一种优质的观赏植物。主要特点是花朵呈黄色混合，非常美丽。清子公主月季具体可以用于坛植、边界、花园等不同场景。" ], [ "好的，感谢解释。请问清子公主月季是在什么气候带下生长的？", @@ -153577,7 +153577,7 @@ "history": [ [ "星轨\n《星轨》是由牧言作词、作曲，侯志斌演唱的歌曲，发行于2021年9月18日，收录于同名专辑《星轨》中。\n中文名\n星轨\n所属专辑\n星轨\n歌曲时长\n3分26秒\n填 词\n牧言\n谱 曲\n牧言\n \n星轨歌曲信息 \n星轨 - 侯志斌\n词 Lyrics：牧言曲 Music：牧言编曲 Arranger：F.sy小诺混音师 Mixing Engineer：LBI利比合声 Backing vocals：LBI利比制作人 Produced by：蒋雪儿 Snow.J监制 Executive producer：蒋雪儿 Snow.J音乐统筹 Music co ordination：林宝川OP：青风音乐Cheerful MusicSP：乐无限Eternal Music\n星轨歌曲歌词 \n你是夜空中最闪亮的那一颗偷走了我的心 没办法取舍你是让我沦陷其中的第几个抬头看着星星 遍布着银河还是会很在意尽管变陌生是我的愚昧责怪我无能对着许愿打开另一扇门有那么一刻多希望你转身回不去 偏离轨迹看不见风的身影留不住的你来不及 关于过去与你有关的我选择去逃避看不到的你 消失的声音我不想再为了你变得多刻意泛红的眼睛 再也回不去我躲在月亮的背面擦干泪滴看不到的你 消失的声音我不想再为了你变得多刻意泛红的眼睛 再也回不去我躲在月亮的背面擦干泪滴还是会很在意尽管变陌生是我的愚昧责怪我无能对着许愿打开另一扇门有那么一刻多希望你转身回不去 偏离轨迹看不见风的身影留不住的你来不及 关于过去与你有关的我选择去逃避看不到的你 消失的声音我不想再为了你变得多刻意泛红的眼睛 再也回不去我躲在月亮的背面擦干泪滴看不到的你 消失的声音我不想再为了你变得多刻意泛红的眼睛 再也回不去我躲在月亮的背面擦干泪滴看不到的你 消失的声音我不想再为了你变得多刻意泛红的眼睛 再也回不去我躲在月亮的背面擦干泪滴看不到的你 消失的声音我不想再为了你变得多刻意泛红的眼睛 再也回不去我躲在月亮的背面擦干泪滴\n\n请问《星轨》这首歌曲是由谁作词、作曲，谁演唱的？", - "你好，Human！《星轨》这首歌曲是由牧言作词、作曲，侯志斌演唱的。这首歌曲发行于2021年9月18日，收录于同名专辑《星轨》中。歌曲时长为3分26秒。" + "《星轨》这首歌曲是由牧言作词、作曲，侯志斌演唱的。这首歌曲发行于2021年9月18日，收录于同名专辑《星轨》中。歌曲时长为3分26秒。" ], [ "很好，请问这首歌的编曲和混音师是谁？", @@ -153711,7 +153711,7 @@ "history": [ [ "泳池派对\n泳池派对，游戏《英雄联盟》中的皮肤，属于辛德拉。\n中文名\n泳池派对\n价 格\n9900点券\n登场作品\n英雄联盟\n所属英雄\n辛德拉\n 炫彩皮肤礼包价格：191.21Q币销售时间 :礼包包含 :【泳池派对 辛德拉 白桃桃扣杀】【泳池派对 辛德拉 白桃桃扣杀】皮肤名称皮肤价格泳池派对 辛德拉 车厘厘晃跳泳池派对 辛德拉 白桃桃扣杀泳池派对 辛德拉 菠萝萝轻扣20Q币泳池派对 辛德拉 蓝莓莓突破20Q币泳池派对 辛德拉 西瓜瓜鱼跃20Q币泳池派对 辛德拉 荔枝枝连击20Q币泳池派对 辛德拉 葡萄萄游动20Q币泳池派对 辛德拉 水果糖跳发20Q币参考资料\n\n你好，请问《英雄联盟》中的泳池派对皮肤是属于哪位英雄的？", - "你好，Human。在《英雄联盟》中，泳池派对皮肤属于英雄辛德拉。这是一款非常受欢迎的皮肤。" + "在《英雄联盟》中，泳池派对皮肤属于英雄辛德拉。这是一款非常受欢迎的皮肤。" ], [ "这款泳池派对皮肤的价格是多少？", @@ -153986,7 +153986,7 @@ "history": [ [ "冒险岛Online\n《冒险岛Online》是由韩国WIZET和NEXON制作开发的一款2D横版卷轴网络游戏，于2004年7月24日在中国大陆正式上线，由盛趣游戏\n负责运营。故事以被“黑暗力量”不断入侵，因而进入了“浑沌期”的世界为背景，勇士们组成了联盟，再次与“黑暗力量”展开激斗。该游戏设有五大职业体系和七大游戏阵营。曾在2009年和2010年，该游戏连续两年，获“中国游戏产业年会”十大最受欢迎休闲网络游戏奖项。\n中文名\n冒险岛Online\n原版名称\nMapleStory\n别 名\n枫之谷/新枫之谷\n游戏类型\nACT\n游戏平台\nPC\n开发商\nWIZET\n发行公司\nNEXON\n发行日期\n2004年07月23日\n玩家人数\n多人在线\n游戏画面\n2D\n最新版本\nV161\n发行阶段\n已发行\n运营商\n盛大游戏（曾）→盛趣游戏（现）\n \n同义词\n枫之谷（韩国开发的横轴式网络游戏）一般指冒险岛Online\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n冒险岛Online故事背景 \n创世之初在比传说更遥远的时间中，万物的框架刚刚搭建完成时，三个被神选中的生命被赋予了神的一部分力量，作为神的代言人成为了监督者。三名监督者依据自己对生命前进的看法创造了各自的世界，一个被称作“枫叶（Maple）”，即我们熟知的冒险岛世界；一个被称作“格兰蒂斯（Grandis）”；另一个世界则不得而知。三个世界以各自的方向开始了自己的历程。监督者为各自的世界选择了三位“超越者”，分别掌管“光”“生命”“时间”。随后监督者们便消失无踪，由三位“超越者”管理世界。在冒险岛世界，人类、精灵等物种开始发展各自的文明，“超越者”则逐渐淡出众人视线。混沌降临在数百年前，有一位伟大的魔法师，他的才能举世无双，他就是白魔法师。如此优秀的他，被监督者选择成为了光之超越者的使命。然而他的理想非常远大，他希望用自己的力量，发掘出世界终极的真理，重现创世之神的壮举，彻底救赎这个不完美的世界。因此他和一群志同道合的人们结成组织，前往暗无天日的森林，时时刻刻都进行着研究。\n\n请问冒险岛Online是哪个国家制作的游戏？", - "你好，Human！《冒险岛Online》是由韩国的 WIZET 和 NEXON 制作开发的游戏。这是一款2D横版卷轴网络游戏，在2004年7月24日在中国大陆正式上线，并由盛趣游戏负责运营。" + "《冒险岛Online》是由韩国的 WIZET 和 NEXON 制作开发的游戏。这是一款2D横版卷轴网络游戏，在2004年7月24日在中国大陆正式上线，并由盛趣游戏负责运营。" ], [ "能简单介绍一下《冒险岛Online》的故事背景吗？", @@ -154191,7 +154191,7 @@ "history": [ [ "红楼梦清代长篇人情小说\n《红楼梦》，别名《石头记》等，中国古代章回体长篇小说，中国古典四大名著之一，通行本共120回，一般认为前80回是清代作家曹雪芹所著，后40回作者为无名氏，整理者为程伟元、高鹗。小说以贾、史、王、薛四大家族的兴衰为背景，以富贵公子贾宝玉为视角，以贾宝玉与林黛玉、薛宝钗的爱情婚姻悲剧为主线，描绘了一些闺阁佳人的人生百态，展现了真正的人性美和悲剧美，可以说是一部从各个角度展现女性美以及中国古代社会百态的史诗性著作。《红楼梦》版本有120回“程本”和80回“脂本”两大系统。程本为程伟元排印的印刷本，脂本为脂砚斋在不同时期抄评的早期手抄本。脂本是程本的底本。《红楼梦》是一部具有世界影响力的人情小说、中国封建社会的百科全书、传统文化的集大成者。其作者以“大旨谈情，实录其事”自勉，只按自己的事体情理，按迹循踪，摆脱旧套，新鲜别致，取得了非凡的艺术成就。“真事隐去，假语存焉”的特殊笔法更是令后世读者脑洞大开，揣测之说久而遂多。二十世纪以来，《红楼梦》更以其丰富深刻的思想底蕴和异常出色的艺术成就使学术界产生了以为研究对象的专门学问——红学。\n作品名称\n红楼梦\n外文名\nDream of the red Mansions\nThe Dream of the Red Chamber\nThe Story of the Stone\n作品别名\n石头记、情僧录、风月宝鉴、金陵十二钗、金玉缘\n作 者\n曹雪芹(前80回)、无名氏(后40回)、程伟元、高鹗(整理)\n创作年代\n清代\n文学体裁\n长篇小说\n题 材\n人情小说\n初版时间\n乾隆五十六年（1791）\n篇 幅\n约96万（程高本120回）\n \n同义词\n风月宝鉴（清代小说）一般指红楼梦（清代长篇人情小说）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n红楼梦情节梗概 \n \n《红楼梦》120回本(2张)\n\n请问《红楼梦》是哪个时期的作品？", - "你好，Human。《红楼梦》是清代的一部长篇人情小说。" + "《红楼梦》是清代的一部长篇人情小说。" ], [ "这部小说是谁创作的呢？", @@ -154241,7 +154241,7 @@ "history": [ [ "飘孟庭苇演唱歌曲\n《飘》收录在台湾歌手孟庭苇于2009年发行的全新华语迷你专辑《孟庭苇的炎夏》中，由新生代音乐人夏炎填词、编曲。\n中文名\n飘\n所属专辑\n孟庭苇的炎夏\n歌曲时长\n4:15\n发行时间\n2009年08月07日\n歌曲原唱\n孟庭苇\n填 词\n夏炎\n谱 曲\n夏炎\n音乐风格\n轻摇滚\n导 演\n花＆花\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n飘歌曲歌词 \n有时候我会不经意的想起你还有你和我总提起的空虚你总说漫长的梦漫长的生活就像永恒的长河像尘埃 飘在人海中央像音符 漫无目的的歌唱就这样不停地 飘啊飘直到 都不再微笑忘记了什么重要也忘记了为何徒劳只记得不停地 飘啊飘睁开眼 已在天涯海角再不会为爱回忆而只会不停地轻轻叹息而只会不停地说起空虚有时候我会不经意的想起你还有你那些轻声的叹息你总说疯狂的爱就像梦一场该如何找到方向像尘埃 飘在人海中央像音符 漫无目的的歌唱\n飘歌曲鉴赏 \n《飘》算是这张EP中最为令人感到惊艳的一曲。令人有所惊叹的除了是孟庭苇那在摇滚的风格中绽放出来的柔韧的声音美态外，还有在那极具诗意的歌词中，那些关于人生的描绘——在生命的长河中，不停地飘呀飘，不断地偶遇、错事、又重遇对的人、错的人、对的事、错的事么……这是每一个人都经历的，是若有相似的、又与别不同，孟庭苇就在《飘》之中，以一种平和的方式来一一地道出。纵然，孟庭苇在里面是换了一种流行摇滚的方式来诠释这一个和生命有关的内容，不过她依然不变的是那一份，掩藏在唱腔中的温性与柔情。\n飘幕后制作 \n独白：孟庭苇木吉他：夏炎录音棚：北京舞蹈学院音讯中心二号棚编曲：夏炎录音师：谢卫华零感音乐（台中）\n\n请问台湾歌手孟庭苇2009年发行的《飘》这首歌是在哪张专辑里的？", - "你好，Human。歌曲《飘》收录在台湾歌手孟庭苇于2009年发行的全新华语迷你专辑《孟庭苇的炎夏》中。这首歌由新生代音乐人夏炎填词、编曲。如果你有兴趣了解更多关于这首歌的信息，欢迎继续提问。" + "歌曲《飘》收录在台湾歌手孟庭苇于2009年发行的全新华语迷你专辑《孟庭苇的炎夏》中。这首歌由新生代音乐人夏炎填词、编曲。如果你有兴趣了解更多关于这首歌的信息，欢迎继续提问。" ], [ "《飘》这首歌的歌曲时长是多少？是由谁填词和谱曲的？", @@ -154298,7 +154298,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沈浣北京大学人民医院计划生育与生殖科主任医师\n沈浣，女，教授，北京大学人民医院计划生育与生殖医学科主任医师。擅长女性不孕症诊治，包括人类辅助生殖技术（体外受精胚胎移植、宫腔内人工授精）；复发性流产的诊治 疑难计划生育手术及处理\n。多点执业于北京家圆医院。\n中文名\n沈浣\n毕业院校\n徐州医科大学\n教学职称\n教授\n临床职称\n主任医师\n执业地点\n北京大学人民医院、北京家圆医院\n就诊科室\n计划生育与生殖医学科\n \n沈浣人物经历 \n1982年，毕业于江苏徐州医科大学医疗系，获学士学位；1982-1984年，徐州妇产医院妇产科任住院医师；1987年，毕业于北京协和医学院，获妇产科硕士学位；1987年，就职于北京大学人民医院，历任妇产科主治医师、副主任医师、主任医师、副教授、教授、硕士研究生导师及博士研究生导师。 1997年，担任产科与计划生育科副主任，期间创建生殖医学专业，成立北京市第二家生殖医学中心。2002年，攻读北京大学医学部组织胚胎专业在职博士，获博士学位。2004年，担任计划生育与生殖医学科主任\n。\n沈浣社会任职 \n担任中华医学会生殖医学分会常委，中华医学会生殖医学分会临床学组副组长，中华医学会生殖医学分会伦理与管理学组成员，北京妇产学会会长，中国性学会女性生殖分会主任委员，中国医师协会生殖保健学组副主任委员，北京妇产学会京津冀生殖医学分会主任委员，北京市中西医结合学会妇产科分会委员，北京市计划生育专家指导组成员，西城区计划生育专家指导组副组长，中华医学会及北京市医疗事故鉴定委员会专家库成员，北京市辅助生殖技术质量控制中心委员。《中国计划生育杂志》编委，《中国妇产科临床杂志》编委，UpToDate临床顾问，《生殖医学杂志》编委\n。\n沈浣出诊时间 \n计划生育与生殖医学科，周一上午；周二下午；周三上午；周五上午\n。\n\n请问这里的主人公沈浣医生是什么专业的？", - "你好，Human。沈浣医生主要从事计划生育与生殖医学方面的工作，她擅长女性不孕症的诊治，包括人类辅助生殖技术如体外受精和胚胎移植、宫腔内人工授精等。她目前是北京大学人民医院计划生育与生殖医学科的主任医师。" + "沈浣医生主要从事计划生育与生殖医学方面的工作，她擅长女性不孕症的诊治，包括人类辅助生殖技术如体外受精和胚胎移植、宫腔内人工授精等。她目前是北京大学人民医院计划生育与生殖医学科的主任医师。" ], [ "沈浣医生毕业于哪个学校？", @@ -154612,7 +154612,7 @@ "history": [ [ "UNOLittle Big演唱的歌曲\n《UNO》是由俄罗斯朋克流行乐队Little Big演唱的歌曲，收录于2020年3月12日发行的专辑《UNO》中。\n外文名\nUNO\n所属专辑\nUNO\n歌曲时长\n0时02分40秒\n歌曲原唱\nLittle Big\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n英语\n发行时间\n2020年3月12日\n\n你好，请问Little Big演唱的《UNO》是什么风格的音乐？", - "你好，Human！《UNO》是由俄罗斯朋克流行乐队Little Big演唱的一首歌曲。这首歌曲的风格属于流行音乐。音乐流行风格是一种广泛受欢迎的音乐风格，通常有易于记住的旋律和歌词。" + "《UNO》是由俄罗斯朋克流行乐队Little Big演唱的一首歌曲。这首歌曲的风格属于流行音乐。音乐流行风格是一种广泛受欢迎的音乐风格，通常有易于记住的旋律和歌词。" ], [ "这首歌曲是用什么语言演唱的呢？", @@ -154872,7 +154872,7 @@ "history": [ [ "水族馆\n《水族馆》是2017年二十一世纪出版社出版的图书，作者是九色麓 。\n书 名\n水族馆\n作 者\n九色麓\n类 别\n图书>童书>科普/百科>百科\n出版社\n二十一世纪出版社\n出版时间\n2017年6月\n开 本\n128 开\n装 帧\n平装-胶订\nISBN\n9787556826957\n \n水族馆内容简介 \n谁是海洋里的霸主？当然是虎鲸了，因为他们个体强悍，还会合作。水底世界中，一样有不好招惹的对象，蓝色闪烁，那是剧毒的蓝环章鱼。你见过会飞的鱼吗？你见过会走路的鱼吗？你见过会发电的鱼吗？在深海中，有些恐怖的怪物如幽灵一般在游弋着，比如蝠鲼……\n水族馆图书目录 \n第一章 鱼类的构造第二章 终极王者第三章 爱穿花衣的鱼第四章 身怀绝技的鱼第五章 身怀剧毒的动物第六章 水底特工队水底的怪物\n水族馆作者简介 \n九色麓工作室由国内*的一批童书作者、插画师共同营造。多年来，团队专注于0～14岁少儿图书的 选题策划与制作工作。从2010年以来，团队出版了上百种童书及绘本，成为了千千万万孩子们的忠实伙伴。\n\n请问你对《水族馆》这本书了解吗？", - "你好，Human！我对《水族馆》这本书非常了解。它是由二十一世纪出版社于2017年6月出版，作者是九色麓。这本书属于科普/百科类童书，介绍了各种鱼类的生活习性、特技和水生动物的有趣故事。" + "我对《水族馆》这本书非常了解。它是由二十一世纪出版社于2017年6月出版，作者是九色麓。这本书属于科普/百科类童书，介绍了各种鱼类的生活习性、特技和水生动物的有趣故事。" ], [ "《水族馆》这本书的主要内容是什么？", @@ -154929,7 +154929,7 @@ { "instruction": "长沙市湖南省辖地级市、省会\n长沙，别称星城，湖南省辖地级市、省会、特大城市\n，地处中国华中地区、湘江下游、长浏盆地西缘、湖南东部偏北，介于东经111°53′—114°15′，北纬27°51′—28°41′之间。属亚热带季风气候，气候温和，降水充沛，雨热同期。截至2021年末，全市下辖6个市辖区、1个县，代管2个县级市，总面积11819平方千米\n，常住总人口1023.93万人。\n长沙是国务院批复确定的长江中游地区重要的中心城市\n、长株潭城市群中心城市。\n是全国“两型社会”综合配套改革试验区、中国重要的粮食生产基地，长江中游城市群和长江经济带重要的节点城市，是综合交通枢纽和国家物流枢纽。\n长沙是首批国家历史文化名城，有“屈贾之乡”、“楚汉名城”、“潇湘洙泗”之称。\n有马王堆汉墓、四羊方尊、三国吴简、岳麓书院、铜官窑等历史遗迹。凝练出“经世致用、兼收并蓄”的湖湘文化。\n长沙既是清末维新运动和旧民主主义革命策源地之一，又是新民主主义的发祥地之一\n，走出了黄兴、蔡锷、刘少奇等名人。\n长沙是中国（大陆）国际形象最佳城市、\n东亚文化之都、\n世界“媒体艺术之都”。打造了“电视湘军”、“出版湘军”、“动漫湘军”等文化品牌。\n长沙有高等学校51所，\n独立科研机构97家，\n两院院士73名，国家工程技术研究中心14家，国家重点工程实验室15个；有杂交水稻育种、“天河”超级计算机、国内首台3D烧结打印机等科研成果。\n2021年，长沙市实现地区生产总值13270.7亿元，比上年增长7.5%。\n中文名\n长沙\n外文名\nChangsha\n别 名\n星城、潭州\n行政区划代码\n430100\n行政区类别\n地级市\n所属地区\n中国湖南省\n地理位置\n湖南东部偏北，湘江下游和湘浏盆地西缘\n面 积\n11819 km²\n下辖地区\n6个市辖区、1个县，代管2个县级市\n政府驻地\n岳麓区岳麓大道218号\n电话区号\n0731\n邮政编码\n410000\n气候条件\n亚热带季风气候\n人口数量\n1023.93 万(2021年)\n著名景点\n岳麓山、橘子洲、世界之窗、湘江欢乐城、湖南省博物馆、北正街\n机 场\n长沙黄花国际机场、宁乡巷子口机场\n火车站\n长沙站、长沙南站、长沙西站\n车牌代码\n湘A\n地区生产总值\n13270.7 亿元(2021年)\n著名高校\n湖南大学、中南大学、国防科技大学等\n市 长\n郑建新\n \n长沙市历史沿革\n\n请问长沙市位于哪里？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。长沙市位于中国湖南省东部偏北，处于华中地区、湘江下游、长浏盆地西缘。地理坐标介于东经111°53′—114°15′，北纬27°51′—28°41′之间。这个位置让长沙成为了长江中游地区的重要中心城市。", + "output": "长沙市位于中国湖南省东部偏北，处于华中地区、湘江下游、长浏盆地西缘。地理坐标介于东经111°53′—114°15′，北纬27°51′—28°41′之间。这个位置让长沙成为了长江中游地区的重要中心城市。", "history": [] }, { @@ -155138,7 +155138,7 @@ "history": [ [ "情书\n情书(朝鲜语：편지；罗马字：Pyeonji)，原名信（The Letter） ，是一部1997年韩国电影，由崔真实和朴新阳主演。2004年被泰国翻拍，也取名为情书。\n中文名\n情书\n外文名\n편지\n制片地区\n韩国\n上映时间\n1997年11月22日\n对白语言\n韩语\n色 彩\n彩色\n \n情书剧情简介 \n正艳每星期都搭乘火车往返于学校和家乡小镇之间，与焕友在小站的一次邂逅后，改变了她的一生。　从相识，到相爱，相恋，到最后步入婚姻的殿堂，正艳都沉浸在被爱的幸福里，但正当两人享受爱的喜悦时病魔降临到焕友身上；最终焕友带着爱遗憾的离开了人间，正艳陷入了无限的悲痛和绝望之中。然而此时焕友的一封封神秘的信件却纷至沓来…… \n情书演职员表 \n情书演员表\n朴信阳 饰 ——\n情书职员表\n制作人\n韩镇\n导演\n李廷国\n编剧\n韩镇\n摄影\nKyeong-Won Park\n\n请问1997年的韩国电影《情书》是由谁主演的？", - "你好，Human！1997年的韩国电影《情书》是由崔真实和朴新阳主演的。这部电影讲述了一段感人至深的爱情故事，深受观众喜爱。" + "1997年的韩国电影《情书》是由崔真实和朴新阳主演的。这部电影讲述了一段感人至深的爱情故事，深受观众喜爱。" ], [ "这部电影是谁执导的？编剧是谁呢？", @@ -155161,7 +155161,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天津艺术职业学院中国天津市境内公办高校\n中文名\n天津艺术职业学院\n外文名\nTianjin Art Vocational college\n创办时间\n2002年5月\n办学性质\n公办全日制普通高等学校\n学校类别\n艺术类\n现任领导\n党委书记：孟繁华、院长：范恩源\n院系设置\n戏曲系、曲艺系、音乐系、舞蹈系、舞美技术系、学前艺术教育系等\n院 训\n知行并重、德艺双馨\n地 址\n天津市河东区娄山道27号\n天津市南开区苍穹道8号\n院校代码\n12882\n \n基本信息\n天津艺术职业学院历史沿革 \n天津市艺术学校1956年，天津市艺术学校（前身为天津戏曲学校，曾用名天津戏剧学校，1987年更为现名）建立。\n天津职工工艺美术学院1959年河北省委、天津市委决定创建天津工艺美术学院；1962年天津工艺美术学院经过调整、充实，改建为天津市工艺美术设计院；1963年经天津市委批准、文化部备案，成立天津工艺美术学校；1984年经天津市政府批准，在已有的办学基础上成立天津职工工艺美术学院。\n中国北方曲艺学校1986年，中国北方曲艺学校建立。\n三校合并2002年4月经天津市政府批准，由中国北方曲艺学校、天津市艺术学校、天津职工工艺美术学院（含天津工艺美术学校）合并，建立天津文化艺术职业学院。2004年12月经天津市政府批准，将原天津职工工艺美术学院（含天津工艺美术学校）从天津文化艺术职业学院分离出来，建立天津工艺美术职业学院。\n2006年3月，根据天津市人民政府\"津政函[2006]20号\"文件精神，天津文化艺术职业学院更名为天津艺术职业学院。\n天津艺术职业学院办学条件 \n天津艺术职业学院院系专业\n\n请问天津艺术职业学院是什么时候创办的？", - "你好，Human！天津艺术职业学院成立于2002年5月。这所学校是由中国北方曲艺学校、天津市艺术学校和天津职工工艺美术学院合并创立的。请问还有什么其他问题我可以帮您解答吗？" + "天津艺术职业学院成立于2002年5月。这所学校是由中国北方曲艺学校、天津市艺术学校和天津职工工艺美术学院合并创立的。请问还有什么其他问题我可以帮您解答吗？" ], [ "谢谢你的解答！我想了解一下天津艺术职业学院有哪些院系？", @@ -155856,7 +155856,7 @@ "history": [ [ "姜汁撞奶\n姜汁撞奶是一道甜品，主要是依靠姜汁和牛奶在一定温度范围（40度－100度）内发生物理反应，使牛奶凝固制作而成。传统的制作方法中撞的步骤是为了让牛奶的温度稍微降低，使成品口感更好。\n中文名\n姜汁撞奶\n主要材料\n姜汁和牛奶\n首 创\n沙湾镇\n口 味\n香醇爽滑，甜中微辣、风味独特\n适宜人群\n少儿、老年人等\n作 用\n暖胃表热\n \n姜汁撞奶菜品介绍 \n \n姜计撞奶(2张)\n 姜汁撞奶首创于番禺县沙湾镇，沙湾是鱼米之乡，养水牛产奶是当地农民副业。这里产的水牛奶浓度高，含脂肪多，可以制成多种奶制品小吃，其中姜汁撞奶最为有名，传遍广州、香港、澳门食肆。按中医论说，牛奶味甘性寒，功能补虚羸，而姜则性辛微温，功能散寒暖胃，去痰下气。因此，姜汁撞奶在寒冷天气食之，顿有通身暖和之感，可谓配合巧妙。南信牛奶甜品专家自80年代后重新挖潜加以研制，使之具有姜香奶清的特点，又有驱寒健胃镇咳之效，不少日本、美国客人都慕名专程品尝，一些老主顾还经常买外卖回家吃，其风味道颇受消费者青睐。\n姜汁撞奶所需食材 \n材料——在市场买新鲜水牛奶（1斤能做出2碗半）、鲜榨姜汁（没有机器，可现磨再隔汁的）、糖。做法——煮牛奶+糖，煮开后（一定要把水牛奶煮开）关火，放凉30秒后倒入已有姜汁的碗中，约10分钟左右就能凝固。接下来不用教了吧 。提示——如有温度计就是在牛奶煮好后于70—80度的时候倒入姜汁中。姜汁撞奶味道香醇爽滑，甜中微辣、风味独特且有暖胃表热作用。\n姜汁撞奶做法 \n1、姜去皮洗净，把姜磨出姜汁，用纱布或小密筛滤1次，倒入碗中备中。2、纯鲜牛奶煮沸加糖，熄火后不停地搅拌，直至温度下降到70度左右。3、迅速地将牛奶倒入盛有姜汁的碗中，几分钟后即可凝固成姜汁撞奶。\n姜汁撞奶特别提示 \n1、牛奶要全脂高蛋白的，否则凝不了。2、凉到7、80度才能撞，否则依旧凝不了。3、姜汁要当时用当时榨，不能煮，否则还是凝不了。\n姜汁撞奶食谱营养\n\n请问姜汁撞奶是什么？", - "你好，Human！姜汁撞奶是一道甜品，它的制作主要依靠姜汁和牛奶在一定温度范围（40度－100度）内发生物理反应，使牛奶凝固。这道甜品最早起源于番禺县沙湾镇，口感香醇爽滑，甜中微辣，风味独特。同时，它还具有暖胃表热的作用，适合少儿与老年人等各类人群享用。" + "姜汁撞奶是一道甜品，它的制作主要依靠姜汁和牛奶在一定温度范围（40度－100度）内发生物理反应，使牛奶凝固。这道甜品最早起源于番禺县沙湾镇，口感香醇爽滑，甜中微辣，风味独特。同时，它还具有暖胃表热的作用，适合少儿与老年人等各类人群享用。" ] ] }, @@ -156031,7 +156031,7 @@ "history": [ [ "万达广场浙江省宁波市余姚市万达广场\n余姚万达广场位于宁波市余姚市兰江街道四明西路855号，总用地面积为11.4543万平方米（南北两区），总建筑面积约43.85万平方米，其中商业面积超过20万平米，整个地块分成南北两区，南区为住宅，北区为商业综合体，中间以区间道分隔。\n中文名\n万达广场\n外文名\nWanda Plaza\n地理位置\n宁波市余姚市兰江街道四明西路855号\n用地面积\n11.4543万平方米\n建筑面积\n约 438500 m²\n 广场简介 \n余姚万达广场(7张)\n 万达广场是万达集团在余姚开发的大型城市综合体项目。是以五星级酒店、公寓、商业广场、步行街等多重物业类型为主，集购物、娱乐、餐饮为一体的综合性开发项目。建成后的余姚万达广场将聚合形成全功能都会居住区、集群式超级商业区、集成式中央商务区三大主要功能区，是余姚继保利广场、华润五彩城后又一大型城市综合体项目。\n万达广场(宁波余姚店)\n\n请问余姚万达广场位于哪个具体位置？", - "你好，Human！余姚万达广场位于浙江省宁波市余姚市兰江街道四明西路855号。由于它占地面积较大，整个地块分成南北两区，南区为住宅，北区为商业综合体，两区之间由一条区间道相隔。希望这个信息能够帮助你了解万达广场的位置。" + "余姚万达广场位于浙江省宁波市余姚市兰江街道四明西路855号。由于它占地面积较大，整个地块分成南北两区，南区为住宅，北区为商业综合体，两区之间由一条区间道相隔。希望这个信息能够帮助你了解万达广场的位置。" ], [ "那它有哪些主要功能区呢？", @@ -156325,7 +156325,7 @@ "history": [ [ "花裤衩\n《花裤衩》是2018年北京联合出版公司出版的图书，作者是(日)今井弓子。\n书 名\n花裤衩\n作 者\n(日)今井弓子\n出版社\n北京联合出版公司\n出版时间\n2018年\n开 本\n24 开\nISBN\n9787559612120\n \n花裤衩内容简介 \n一条被风吹走的花裤衩成了小动物们热议的对象。小狗、小猫、乌鸦、小老鼠和小猪相继出场，猜测这个花裤衩是做什么用的。大家各抒己见以后，小姑娘佳代飞奔过来，告诉了大家裤衩的正确使用方法，给大家介绍了裤衩这个“新朋友”。日本绘本作家今井弓子用温暖的笔触、鲜明的角色和有趣的故事让孩子们在轻松欢乐的环境中习惯裤衩这个新事物。\n花裤衩作者简介 \n今井弓子是一位具有很高人气的日本插画师。她的插图作品有《逃亡就被收养》 (理论社),《再见小海》,《魔女教室》(岩崎书店)等。绘本作品有《滴答滴答噗》（萨艾拉书房）,《妈妈的围裙》（福禄贝尔馆）,《野狗和气球狗》（桑马克社）,《敲打》（福音馆书店）,《雨太郎》《香皂滑溜溜》（岩崎书店）等。\n\n这本叫《花裤衩》的书是什么内容啊？它具体讲了些什么？", - "你好，Human，《花裤衩》是一本2018年由北京联合出版公司出版的图书，作者是日本绘本作家今井弓子。这本书讲述了一条被风吹走的花裤衩，引起了小动物们的热议。小狗、小猫、乌鸦、小老鼠和小猪都出场，猜测花裤衩是做什么用的。最后，小姑娘佳代跑过来告诉了大家裤衩的正确使用方法，向大家介绍了这个“新朋友”。这本书通过有趣的故事、温暖的笔触和鲜明的角色，帮助孩子们在轻松欢乐的环境中适应这个新事物。" + "《花裤衩》是一本2018年由北京联合出版公司出版的图书，作者是日本绘本作家今井弓子。这本书讲述了一条被风吹走的花裤衩，引起了小动物们的热议。小狗、小猫、乌鸦、小老鼠和小猪都出场，猜测花裤衩是做什么用的。最后，小姑娘佳代跑过来告诉了大家裤衩的正确使用方法，向大家介绍了这个“新朋友”。这本书通过有趣的故事、温暖的笔触和鲜明的角色，帮助孩子们在轻松欢乐的环境中适应这个新事物。" ], [ "作者今井弓子还有什么著名的作品吗？", @@ -156471,7 +156471,7 @@ { "instruction": "菲律宾\n菲律宾共和国（Republic of the Philippines），简称菲律宾（Philippines），位于西太平洋，是东南亚一个多民族群岛国家，面积29.97万平方公里，人口约1亿200万（2019年11月）。\n14世纪前后，菲律宾出现了由土著部落和马来族移民构成的一些割据王国，其中最著名的是14世纪70年代兴起的苏禄王国。\n1521年，麦哲伦率领西班牙远征队到达菲律宾群岛。\n此后，西班牙逐步侵占菲律宾，并统治长达300多年。1898年6月12日，菲律宾宣告独立。\n同年美西战争后，成为美国属地。\n1942年到1945年被日本侵占。二战结束后，菲律宾再次沦为美国殖民地。1946年7月4日，菲律宾获得独立。\n菲律宾是东盟成员国，也是亚太经合组织（APEC）的24成员国之一。\n菲律宾为发展中国家、新兴工业国家及世界的新兴市场之一，但贫富差距很大。独立至今，菲律宾经历数次经济快速成长，然而政局时常动荡，政府贪污腐败，社会的不安定已成为阻碍其发展的一大因素。2018年3月16日，菲律宾已正式通知联合国退出国际刑事法院的决定。\n2019年3月17日，菲律宾正式退出国际刑事法院。 当地时间2021年5月11日公布的一份文件称，因非洲猪瘟暴发，菲律宾总统杜特尔特宣布从2021年5月10日起，该国进入为期一年的国家灾难状态。\n中文名\n菲律宾共和国\n外文名\nRepublic of the Philippines\n简 称\n菲律宾\n所属洲\n亚洲\n首 都\n大马尼拉市\n主要城市\n宿务，达沃，奎松等\n国庆日\n1898年6月12日\n国 歌\n《菲律宾民族进行曲》\n国家代码\nPHL\n官方语言\n他加禄语、英语\n货 币\n菲律宾比索\n时 区\nUTC+8\n政治体制\n总统制共和制\n国家领袖\n费迪南德·罗慕尔德兹·马科斯(总统)\n、莎拉·齐默尔曼·杜特尔特-卡彪(副总统)\n人口数量\n约 1.08 亿(根据中华人民共和国外交部官网2021年3月更新显示)\n人口密度\n367.5 人/平方公里(2020年)\n主要民族\n马来人、他加禄人、伊洛人、邦邦牙人、维萨亚人、比科尔人\n主要宗教\n天主教\n国土面积\n299700 km²\n水域率\n0.61%\nGDP总计\n约 3622.4 亿美元(2020年)\n人均GDP\n约 3300 美元(2020年)\n国际电话区号\n63\n国际域名缩写\n.ph\n道路通行\n靠右驾驶\n国 花\n茉莉花\n国 鸟\n菲律宾鹰\n主要学府\n\n你好，请问菲律宾的官方语言是什么？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！菲律宾的官方语言有两种，他们分别是他加禄语（Tagalog）和英语。这意味着在菲律宾的政府、教育和商业场合等，这两种语言都是被广泛使用的。", + "output": "菲律宾的官方语言有两种，他们分别是他加禄语（Tagalog）和英语。这意味着在菲律宾的政府、教育和商业场合等，这两种语言都是被广泛使用的。", "history": [] }, { @@ -156569,7 +156569,7 @@ "history": [ [ "微波炉烤虾\n微波炉烤虾是一道美食，制作原料主要有对虾、食盐、姜、料酒、小葱。\n中文名\n微波炉烤虾\n原材料\n对虾\n \n同义词\n微波炉虾一般指微波炉烤虾\n \n微波炉烤虾材料 \n对虾1000克、食盐10克、姜适量、料酒10毫升、小葱2根\n微波炉烤虾做法 \n将虾清洗下，切好葱姜锅中装入水，葱，姜片，10ML料酒，10克盐，倒入虾同煮5分钟关火，在汤中浸泡15分钟，使其入味将虾捞出，控干水分，平铺在平底盘上入微波炉，小火5-8分钟，取出来翻面，再小火5-8分钟，即做好了\n微波炉烤虾技巧 \n1、如果觉得不够干，可以继续追加几分钟，越干燥的越容易保存。2、我家的是光波炉，烤的速度没有微波炉快，我反复5分钟烤了4次左右。3、也可在大太阳底下直晒2天，做成虾干。4、虾干做好后，坐电脑前吃吃满好的。烧菜时候用来放汤也不错，送人也很好的哦。\n\n请根据提供的信息，告诉我微波炉烤虾的做法。", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，微波炉烤虾的做法如下：\n\n1. 将虾清洗干净，然后切好葱姜。\n2. 锅中装入水，加入葱、姜片、10毫升料酒和10克盐，然后倒入虾一起煮5分钟，煮好之后关火。\n3. 让虾在汤中浸泡15分钟，使其入味。\n4. 将虾捞出，控干水分，平铺在平底盘上。\n5. 把盘子放入微波炉，小火5-8分钟，然后取出来翻面，再小火5-8分钟。\n\n这样一步步进行，可以确保虾入味且烤得均匀，做出美味的微波炉烤虾。" + "根据提供的信息，微波炉烤虾的做法如下：\n\n1. 将虾清洗干净，然后切好葱姜。\n2. 锅中装入水，加入葱、姜片、10毫升料酒和10克盐，然后倒入虾一起煮5分钟，煮好之后关火。\n3. 让虾在汤中浸泡15分钟，使其入味。\n4. 将虾捞出，控干水分，平铺在平底盘上。\n5. 把盘子放入微波炉，小火5-8分钟，然后取出来翻面，再小火5-8分钟。\n\n这样一步步进行，可以确保虾入味且烤得均匀，做出美味的微波炉烤虾。" ], [ "微波炉烤虾需要哪些材料？", @@ -157346,7 +157346,7 @@ "history": [ [ "劳瑞尔大学\n劳瑞尔大学（Wilfrid Laurier University）——百年名校 ，简称WLU。建校于1911年，是加拿大著名的公立大学，位于安大略省滑铁卢市，驱车1小时就可到达多伦多皮尔森国际机场，滑铁卢地区是安大略省东南部最繁荣的区域。劳瑞尔大学拥有7个院系，为超过12,000名学生提供全日制和兼职的本科及研究生课程。其商学院是加拿大最好的商学院之一，加拿大最大最负盛名商学院之一， 最大的带薪实习商学院，AACSB鉴定商科学院。\n中文名\n劳瑞尔大学\n外文名\nWilfrid Laurier University\n简 称\nWLU\n创办时间\n1911年\n办学性质\n公立大学\n学校类别\n综合类大学\n现任领导\nMax Blouw(校长)\n院系设置\n文学院、理学院、音乐学院、教育学院、商学和经济学院等\n校 训\nVeritas Omnia Vincit（真理战胜一切）\n主要奖项\n2010年度商学院竞赛中荣获金牌及“年度大学”的称号\n知名校友\n李家诚、Steve McMichael、Heather Munroe-Blum\n别 名\n劳瑞尔大学\n国内排名\n8（2021麦克林杂志加拿大综合类大学排名）\n学校官网\nhttp://www.wlu.ca\n \n同义词\n劳里埃大学一般指劳瑞尔大学\n \n劳瑞尔大学学校简介\n\n请问一下劳瑞尔大学是什么时候创立的？", - "你好，Human！劳瑞尔大学（Wilfrid Laurier University）是一所位于加拿大安大略省滑铁卢市的公立大学，创立于1911年。已经有百年历史了，是一所著名的综合性大学。" + "劳瑞尔大学（Wilfrid Laurier University）是一所位于加拿大安大略省滑铁卢市的公立大学，创立于1911年。已经有百年历史了，是一所著名的综合性大学。" ], [ "劳瑞尔大学有哪些院系呢？", @@ -157415,7 +157415,7 @@ { "instruction": "酥油\n作者江觉迟原本是一个酷爱旅行的女子。零五年，她来到藏区寺庙孤儿院义工支教。受活佛所托，寻找那些散落在草原山区的孤儿及失学儿童。前后记下六十万字日记，用心灵完成这部作品。江觉迟希望能通过这本书遇到一个有机缘的人，寻找到下一个点亮酥油灯的人。\n书 名\n酥油\n作 者\n江觉迟\n类 别\n自传体小说\n出版社\n甘肃人民美术出版社\n出版时间\n2010年8月\n页 数\n317 页\n定 价\n32 元\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787805887326\n \n酥油内容梗概\n\n我想了解一下这本书《酥油》的作者是谁？这本书是属于什么类型的作品？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！《酥油》这本书的作者是江觉迟。她原本是一个酷爱旅行的女子。这本书属于自传体小说类型，它记录了作者在藏区的有趣经历和寻找失学儿童的过程。通过阅读这本书，我们可以了解到更多关于江觉迟和她在寺庙孤儿院支教的日子的信息。", + "output": "《酥油》这本书的作者是江觉迟。她原本是一个酷爱旅行的女子。这本书属于自传体小说类型，它记录了作者在藏区的有趣经历和寻找失学儿童的过程。通过阅读这本书，我们可以了解到更多关于江觉迟和她在寺庙孤儿院支教的日子的信息。", "history": [] }, { @@ -157627,7 +157627,7 @@ "history": [ [ "丽江文化旅游学院中国云南省丽江市境内民办高校\n丽江文化旅游学院（Lijiang Culture and Tourism College ），简称“文化旅游学院”，坐落在云南省丽江市，是一所全日制民办普通本科高等学校，校园建筑获得国家建设部建筑设计银奖、建国60周年建筑创作大奖。\n丽江文化旅游学院前身为云南大学旅游文化学院，由云南大学与云南大博文化投资有限公司于2001年在丽江举办，2002年开始招生，2004年经国家教育部首批确认为独立学院。2021年，经教育部审批，云南大学旅游文化学院正式转设为民办普通本科高校丽江文化旅游学院。\n截至2020年12月，学校占地1527.07亩，校舍323876.3万平米，教学仪器设备价值8096.05万元；设有8个二级学院，38个本科专业；有教师队伍1049人，其中专任教师873人，全日制在校生16749人（其中少数民族2184人）。\n中文名\n丽江文化旅游学院\n外文名\nLijiang Culture and Tourism College ，LCTC\n简 称\n文化旅游学院\n创办时间\n2002年\n办学性质\n民办高校\n学校类别\n综合类\n学校特色\n全日制普通本科高等学校\n主管部门\n云南省教育厅\n现任领导\n院长：钱金栿、党委书记：祁顺华\n本科专业\n38个\n院系设置\n8个二级学院\n校 训\n自尊、致知、正义、力行、高远、务实、勤勉、卓越\n地 址\n云南省丽江市古城区玉泉路1号\n院校代码\n13328\n主要奖项\n云南省文明学校\n云南省平安校园\n云南省高等学校教学管理先进集体\n \n同义词\n云南大学旅游文化学院一般指丽江文化旅游学院\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n丽江文化旅游学院办学历史 \n \n校园环境(11张)\n 2001年11月，云南大学与云南大博文化投资有限公司、丽江地区签订了联合创办丽江旅游文化学院协议。\n2002年3月，云南大学旅游文化学院开工建设，同年开始招生。2004年，经国家教育部首批确认为独立学院。2011年12月，学院接受并顺利通过了云南省教育厅组织的“教育部高等学校独立学院教育工作合格评估”。2014年5月，学院接受并顺利通过了云南省教育厅组织的“云南省高等学校独立学院教学评估”。2015年4月，学院接受并顺利通过了云南省教育厅组织的“云南省民办本科院校办学水平评估”。\n\n你好，请告诉我一些关于丽江文化旅游学院的基本信息，比如创办时间、学校性质、学校类别等。", - "你好，Human！丽江文化旅游学院（Lijiang Culture and Tourism College），简称文化旅游学院。该学院创建于2002年，是一所民办高校，属于综合类院校。它位于云南省的丽江市，提供全日制普通本科课程。希望这些信息对您有所帮助。" + "丽江文化旅游学院（Lijiang Culture and Tourism College），简称文化旅游学院。该学院创建于2002年，是一所民办高校，属于综合类院校。它位于云南省的丽江市，提供全日制普通本科课程。希望这些信息对您有所帮助。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。丽江文化旅游学院原来有个别名叫什么，是跟哪个学校有关的？", @@ -157953,7 +157953,7 @@ "history": [ [ "独身生活\n中文名\n独身生活\n外文名\ndushenshenghuo\n类 型\n剧情\n制片地区\n日本\n首播时间\n1999年3月16日\n导 演\n吉田秋生、戸高正启、清弘诚\n编 剧\n尾崎将也\n主 演\n江角真纪子、佐藤浩市\n集 数\n8 集\n \n基本信息\n独身生活剧情简介 \n幸子在大都市银行工作的杰出OL,看着很风光，却有着很大的压力，来自扯她后腿的同事，母亲对她过度的期待和干涉，这些压力让她常期得于紧张状态，没有能够使心灵得到休息的地方。某日，她与约会小组的店长吉川(大杉涟)相识，被聘请到风俗的世界....剧中江角真纪子出生于单亲家庭，从小与母亲相依为命，虽然某方面表现出来的是江角优秀的成就，但在内心世界，两人都生病许久，因此剧中江角利用转换身分的方式抒发自己潜藏已久的压力，自有她的道理。这不禁让人进一步思考在与日俱增的社会竞争压力下，不知未来的我们，是不是会为挣脱社会枷锁的束缚，转换成另一个自我，在浑沌不明的世界中，继续实现属于小小的自我梦想？\n独身生活分集剧情\n\n你好，请告诉我一部日本电视剧的名字和简介。", - "你好，Human。根据你的要求，我为你推荐一部名为《独身生活》的日本电视剧。这是一部1999年首播的电视剧，由吉田秋生、戸高正启、清弘诚执导，尾崎将也编剧，江角真纪子和佐藤浩市等人主演。该剧讲述了幸子这个杰出OL在大都市银行工作的故事，她面临着巨大的压力，包括来自同事的攀比、母亲过度的期待和干涉等。某天，她与约会小组的店长吉川相识，被聘请到风俗的世界，利用转换身份的方式抒发潜藏已久的压力。" + "根据你的要求，我为你推荐一部名为《独身生活》的日本电视剧。这是一部1999年首播的电视剧，由吉田秋生、戸高正启、清弘诚执导，尾崎将也编剧，江角真纪子和佐藤浩市等人主演。该剧讲述了幸子这个杰出OL在大都市银行工作的故事，她面临着巨大的压力，包括来自同事的攀比、母亲过度的期待和干涉等。某天，她与约会小组的店长吉川相识，被聘请到风俗的世界，利用转换身份的方式抒发潜藏已久的压力。" ], [ "主演江角真纪子在这部剧里有什么样的表现？", @@ -159014,7 +159014,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电报机\n在1832年俄国外交家希林制作出了用电流计指针偏转来接收信息的机器。1835年美国画家莫尔斯经过3年的钻研之后，成功地用电流的“通断”和“长短”来代替了人类的文字进行传送，这就是鼎鼎大名的莫尔斯电码，第一台电报机问世。1837年6月英国青年库克获得了第一个电报发明专利权。用电来实现远距离高速传递信息的技术可以追溯到18世纪70年代。1774年，一个瑞典发明家发明了一种装置，在装置中每根电线代表字母表中的一个字母。当电流从代表某个字母的电线流过，它会给与之相连的一个小球充电，而后者随后会发出与这个字母相应的信号。这个装置当然很难在实践中得到真正的应用，直到7年之后，一个叫萨缪尔·芬利·莫尔斯的美国失意画家才真正创造出能够实际应用的高效的信息传递系统。莫尔斯把已有的所有零散发明组合了起来，从而发明了电报，莫尔斯唯一的原创就是发明了高效的代码，但是他也花费了好几年时间才能说服政府出资在华盛顿和巴尔的摩之间进行演示。莫尔斯在华盛顿通过电报把“上帝创造了什么”的信息发送给了他在巴尔的摩的同伴阿尔弗雷德·威尔，威尔随即将同样的信息反馈给他——电报获得成功，就立刻像蜘蛛网一样在全美国扩散。就在那一年，莫尔斯和他的合作伙伴成立了电磁电报公司（Magnetic Telegraph Company)来经营纽约和费城之间的电报线路。到1846年，公司已经开始盈利并分红了。10年之内，总长为23000英里电报线连接美国主要大城市\n。\n中文名\n电报机\n外文名\nThe telegraph\n发明专利权\n1837年6月\n用 途\n军国大事，商业信息传递\n主要种类\n静电电报\n \n电报机发展历程 \n电报机，就是用以发送和接收电报的设备，1835年美国画家莫尔斯经过3年的钻研之后，第一台电报机问世，莫尔斯成功地用电流的“通”“断”和“长短”来代替了人类的文字进行传送，这就是鼎鼎大名的莫尔斯电码。电报的发明，拉开了电信时代的序幕，开创了人类利用电来传递信息的历史，中国1871年在上海秘密开通电报，1879年李鸿章在大陆修建了第一条军用电报线路，接着又开通了津沪电报线路，并在天津设立电报总局。\n电报机电报机的用途 \n清朝政府开设电报以后，主要用于军国大事，所以在军机处形成了大量电报档案。电报在中国人民的解放事业中发挥了功不可没的作用，后来由于发电报的市民屈指可数，早在2003年前后，邮政局营业厅就停止了全市电报代办业务。\n电报机历史发展\n\n请问电报机最初是在什么时候发明的？", - "你好，Human！电报机最初的发明可以追溯到1835年，美国画家莫尔斯在进行了3年的研究后成功地用电流的“通断”和“长短”来代替了人类的文字进行传送。这一发明称为莫尔斯电码，并标志着第一台电报机的诞生。" + "电报机最初的发明可以追溯到1835年，美国画家莫尔斯在进行了3年的研究后成功地用电流的“通断”和“长短”来代替了人类的文字进行传送。这一发明称为莫尔斯电码，并标志着第一台电报机的诞生。" ], [ "1837年英国青年库克获得的第一个电报发明专利权是什么样的呢？", @@ -159283,7 +159283,7 @@ "history": [ [ "波克斗地主同名棋牌Flash小游戏\n《波克斗地主》是一款娱乐好玩的扑克棋牌类小游戏，游戏大小为3 MB。\n中文名\n波克斗地主\n游戏类型\n棋牌小游戏\n游戏大小\n3 MB\n \n波克斗地主游戏详情 \n游戏名称：波克斗地主\n游戏类型：棋牌小游戏\n波克斗地主游戏简介 \n波克斗地主：波克斗地主起源和流行于湖北十堰房县一带，玩法简单，娱乐性强，老少皆宜。 斗地主对抗性和配合性都很强，用一副牌共54 张牌。每局牌有一个玩家是“地主”，地主为一方，其余两家农民为另一方，双方对战，地主的目标是(以合法的出牌方式)先出完手里所有的牌，而农民的目标是 在地主出完牌以前，先出完手里所有的牌。先出完牌的人所代表的一方获胜。\n波克斗地主操作说明 \n鼠标操作\n波克斗地主游戏玩法提示 \n游戏开始后根据牌面选择是否叫地主，鼠标点击选择要出的牌，点击[出牌]选项出牌，或根据情况选择[不出]让过，不会的玩家可以选择[提示]。\n波克斗地主启动方式 \n游戏加载游戏后点击[开始]选项即可进行游戏\n波克斗地主游戏目标 \n率先出完手里的牌，争取更多的分数升级。\n\n你好，请问《波克斗地主》是一款什么类型的游戏？", - "你好，Human！《波克斗地主》是一款扑克棋牌类小游戏。这款游戏起源和流行于湖北十堰房县一带，以其简单的玩法和娱乐性而受到老少皆宜的喜爱。在这款游戏中，3位玩家将分成“地主”一方和另外两方“农民”进行对战，目标是率先出完手里的牌。" + "《波克斗地主》是一款扑克棋牌类小游戏。这款游戏起源和流行于湖北十堰房县一带，以其简单的玩法和娱乐性而受到老少皆宜的喜爱。在这款游戏中，3位玩家将分成“地主”一方和另外两方“农民”进行对战，目标是率先出完手里的牌。" ], [ "这款游戏用几副牌来玩？", @@ -159493,7 +159493,7 @@ "history": [ [ "源代码\n影片《源代码》是由邓肯·琼斯执导，杰克·吉伦哈尔、维拉·法米加、米歇尔·莫娜汉等人联袂出演。影片于2011年4月1日在美国上映。影片讲述了一位在阿富汗执行任务的美国空军飞行员柯尔特·史蒂文斯，醒来时发现自己正处在一辆前往芝加哥的火车上，并就此经历的一系列惊心动魄的事件。\n中文名\n源代码\n外文名\nSource Code\n别 名\n启动原始码/危机解密\n出品时间\n2011年\n出品公司\nVendome Pictures\n发行公司\n顶峰娱乐\n制片地区\n法国/美国\n制片成本\n3200万美元\n拍摄地点\n美国\n拍摄日期\n2010年4月\n导 演\n邓肯·琼斯\n编 剧\n本·瑞普利\n制片人\n霍克·科奇、马克·戈登\n类 型\n科幻\n主 演\n杰克·吉伦哈尔、维拉·法米加、米歇尔·莫娜汉\n片 长\n94min\n上映时间\n2011年8月30日（中国内地）\n电影分级\nUSA:PG-13\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\n \n基本信息\n \n源代码剧情简介 \n“咚，咚”“呼，呼”，急促的心跳声和喘息声震耳欲聋。一切都开始模糊，继而扭曲变形。然后，一阵尖锐的火车汽笛声，将柯尔特·斯蒂文斯上尉（杰克·吉伦哈尔 饰演）拉回了现实。窗外，是疾驰倒退的绿地。坐在他对面的女子（米歇尔·莫娜汉 饰演）疑惑地看着走神的他，又继续着话题，柯尔特突然觉得头皮发麻。他不是这个女子口中的肖恩，也压根儿就不认识眼前这个叫做克里斯蒂娜的女子，他所记得的最后一件事情，是自己正在阿富汗执行飞行任务。 \n源代码剧照(20张)\n\n请问电影《源代码》的主要剧情是什么？", - "你好，Human。电影《源代码》的主要剧情讲述了美国空军飞行员柯尔特·史蒂文斯在阿富汗执行任务后，醒来发现自己身处一辆前往芝加哥的火车上。在这辆火车上，他和一个名叫克里斯蒂娜的女子相遇，但他对这个女子和他所处的情境一无所知。随着剧情发展，柯尔特·史蒂文斯会经历一系列惊心动魄的事件。" + "电影《源代码》的主要剧情讲述了美国空军飞行员柯尔特·史蒂文斯在阿富汗执行任务后，醒来发现自己身处一辆前往芝加哥的火车上。在这辆火车上，他和一个名叫克里斯蒂娜的女子相遇，但他对这个女子和他所处的情境一无所知。随着剧情发展，柯尔特·史蒂文斯会经历一系列惊心动魄的事件。" ], [ "《源代码》的导演和主要演员有哪些？", @@ -159972,7 +159972,7 @@ "history": [ [ "痴心妄想\n《痴心妄想》是是小虎队成员小帅虎陈志朋演唱的一首歌曲，收录于小虎队1995年12月发行的专辑《庸人自扰》中。\n中文名\n痴心妄想\n所属专辑\n《庸人自扰》\n歌曲时长\n4分55秒\n歌曲原唱\n陈志朋\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n发行时间\n1995年\n \n痴心妄想歌曲歌词 \n痴心妄想你的笑总是让我紧张而你的眼神容易让我心发烫走近你又害怕自己受伤离开又担心你会将我遗忘失去的总是比付出的还要多爱上你不知不觉地发了狂所有的寂寞难忍的孤独都被你点亮找一个埋葬真心的地方让我对爱从此不再痴心妄想一副面具一辈子的伪装一颗心拒绝再为情所伤爱到天荒纵然让人难以抵挡缘尽时情灭了你又会怎么想守不住自己灵魂的人全都一样无情的心已被爱火灼伤仓皇的痴情正面临逃亡说不在乎是假装谁心甘情愿负担穷追不舍的痛不可原谅无情的心已被爱火灼伤仓皇的痴情正面临逃亡只能不断地伪装直到剥落了心伤失去了爱的梦不再痴心妄想找一个埋葬真心的地方让我对爱从此不再痴心妄想一副面具一辈子的伪装一颗心拒绝再为情所伤爱到天荒纵然让人难以抵挡缘尽时情灭了你又会怎么想守不住自己灵魂的人全都一样无情的心已被爱火灼伤仓皇的痴情正面临逃亡说不在乎是假装谁心甘情愿负担穷追不舍的痛不可原谅无情的心已被爱火灼伤仓皇的痴情正面临逃亡只能不断地伪装直到剥落了心伤失去了爱的梦不再痴心妄想无情的心已被爱火灼伤仓皇的痴情正面临逃亡说不在乎是假装谁心甘情愿负担穷追不舍的痛不可原谅无情的心已被爱火灼伤仓皇的痴情正面临逃亡只能不断地伪装直到剥落了心伤失去了爱的梦不再痴心妄想\n痴心妄想歌手简介 \n小虎队，华人偶像团体组合，由霹雳虎吴奇隆、小帅虎陈志朋、乖乖虎苏有朋三人组成，1988年一出道就在亚洲崭露头角，创下了20多场演唱会场场爆满的纪录，仅《逍遥游》和《爱》两张专辑销量就近1500万张，成为了当时台湾最令人瞩目的歌坛新人。\n\n请问这首《痴心妄想》是由哪位歌手演唱的？", - "你好，Human。这首《痴心妄想》是由陈志朋演唱的。他是小虎队成员之一，小虎队还包括吴奇隆和苏有朋。这个华人偶像团体在1988年出道后迅速在亚洲崭露头角。" + "这首《痴心妄想》是由陈志朋演唱的。他是小虎队成员之一，小虎队还包括吴奇隆和苏有朋。这个华人偶像团体在1988年出道后迅速在亚洲崭露头角。" ], [ "这首歌收录在什么专辑里面？这张专辑是什么时候发行的？", @@ -160052,7 +160052,7 @@ { "instruction": "伦敦艺术大学\n伦敦艺术大学（University of the Arts London），简称“伦艺”“UAL”， 前身为伦敦学院（The London Institute）1986年成立于英国伦敦，采用书院联邦制。UAL将世界上最著名的致力于艺术、设计，表演等相关领域的多所建于十九世纪的古老艺术学院联合。2019QS世界大学排名艺术与设计排行榜世界第2名，本科世界排名第1名。2019-2021年连续三年蝉联QS世界大学排名艺术与设计排行榜世界第2名。\n该校涌现了许多艺术，时尚，传媒等领域的杰出人才，培养了大量世界著名的艺术家，演员，设计师与艺术工作者。百年校史汇聚了如大英帝国勋章得主\n英国时尚教父亚历山大·麦昆，有着海盗爷之称的前Dior首席设计师约翰·加利亚诺\n，奥斯卡金像奖最佳影片《为奴十二年》导演切尔西学院的史蒂夫·麦奎因\n等诸多杰出校友与艺术巨匠。\nUAL这六所隶属学院是：伦敦传媒学院（London College of Communication LCC始建于1894年）伦敦时装学院（London College of Fashion LCF始建于1887年\n）坎伯韦尔艺术学院（Camberwell College of Arts CAM始建于1898年）、切尔西艺术与设计学院（Chelsea College of Art and Design始建于1895年）、中央圣马丁艺术与设计学院（Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design CSM始建于1854年）、温布尔登艺术学院（Wimbledon College of Arts始建于1890年）\n。\n中文名\n伦敦艺术大学\n外文名\nUniversity of the Arts London\n简 称\n伦艺，UAL\n创办时间\n1986年\n办学性质\n公立大学\n学校类别\n艺术类大学\n学校特色\n英联邦大学协会（ACU）成员\n英国大学协会成员\n国际设计艺术院校联盟（Cumulus）成员\n现任领导\nGrayson Perry(校长)、James Purnell\n专职院士数\n英国皇家美术学院院士36名\n院系设置\n中央圣马丁学院 伦敦时装学院 伦敦传媒学院等\n校 训\n拉丁文：（中译：至上之艺）\n地 址\nLondon,WC1V 7EY,United Kingdom\n主要奖项\n\n你好，请问伦敦艺术大学是什么时候成立的？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。伦敦艺术大学（University of the Arts London，简称伦艺或UAL）成立于1986年。这所大学采用书院联邦制，将多所致力于艺术、设计和表演等相关领域的著名学院联合起来。这些学院都具有十九世纪的悠久历史。成立之初，它被称为伦敦学院（The London Institute）。", + "output": "伦敦艺术大学（University of the Arts London，简称伦艺或UAL）成立于1986年。这所大学采用书院联邦制，将多所致力于艺术、设计和表演等相关领域的著名学院联合起来。这些学院都具有十九世纪的悠久历史。成立之初，它被称为伦敦学院（The London Institute）。", "history": [] }, { @@ -160292,23 +160292,23 @@ { "instruction": "非常感谢你的回答。我又想知道一些关于电影具体创作理论的内容，比如电影导演理论。你能给我讲一下吗？", "input": "", - "output": "当然可以，Human。电影导演理论主要关注导演在电影创作中的作用和影响。导演是电影创作的核心人物之一，他们负责电影的整体构思和创作，为电影艺术的创新和发展做出了巨大的贡献。电影导演理论主要关注导演在电影创作中的技巧和手法，以及导演如何利用电影艺术语言来表现自己的观点和艺术风格。", + "output": "电影导演理论主要关注导演在电影创作中的作用和影响。导演是电影创作的核心人物之一，他们负责电影的整体构思和创作，为电影艺术的创新和发展做出了巨大的贡献。电影导演理论主要关注导演在电影创作中的技巧和手法，以及导演如何利用电影艺术语言来表现自己的观点和艺术风格。", "history": [ [ "电影理论电影学的一个分支\n电影理论 (FILM THEORY) ，是电影学的一个分支，研究电影创作的本质、基本原理及一般和局部规律。它对电影的意识形态、文化背景、题材内容、表达形式和艺术风格做深入的研究探讨，并企图归纳及建立出一套自足的思辨过程。\n中文名\n电影理论\n外文名\nFILM THEORY\n属 性\n是电影学的一个分支，\n特 点\n研究电影创作的本质和局部规律\n区 别\n寻求的是电影艺术普遍适用的准则\n分 类\n电影的本质、本性、基本特征\n \n电影理论简介 \n电影理论与电影批评、电影史不同，后者以经验的、具体的电影现象或电影过程为研究对象，前者虽然也常以电影现象或电影过程作为研究的出发点，但寻求的却是对电影艺术普遍适用的准则。\n电影理论分类 \n电影理论的具体范围大致可以分为三个方面：1、电影的本质、本性、基本特征如电影究竟是什么，电影有别于其他艺术的特质何在，电影艺术语言应是什么样的，电影形式的规律性究竟如何等；2、与创作方法相联系的电影理论，如革命现实主义电影理论，社会主义现实主义电影理论，新现实主义电影理论，现代主义电影理论，“新左派”电影理论等；3、电影具体创作理论，如电影剧作理论，电影导演理论，电影表演理论，电影摄影理论等。\n电影理论发展过程\n\n我正在学习电影理论，想要了解更多关于电影理论的分类和发展历程。你能先给我概述一下吗？", - "当然可以，Human。电影理论是电影学的一个分支，主要研究电影创作的本质、基本原理及一般和局部规律。电影理论的具体范围可以分为三个方面：电影的本质、本性、基本特征，与创作方法相联系的电影理论，以及电影具体创作理论。电影理论的发展也经历了多个阶段和流派。" + "电影理论是电影学的一个分支，主要研究电影创作的本质、基本原理及一般和局部规律。电影理论的具体范围可以分为三个方面：电影的本质、本性、基本特征，与创作方法相联系的电影理论，以及电影具体创作理论。电影理论的发展也经历了多个阶段和流派。" ], [ "好的，那你能给我举一些不同流派的例子吗？", - "当然可以，Human。比如，有革命现实主义电影理论、社会主义现实主义电影理论、新现实主义电影理论、现代主义电影理论，以及“新左派”电影理论。这些流派主要关注电影艺术在特定的社会、文化、政治背景下的表现形式，以及电影艺术语言的特点。" + "比如，有革命现实主义电影理论、社会主义现实主义电影理论、新现实主义电影理论、现代主义电影理论，以及“新左派”电影理论。这些流派主要关注电影艺术在特定的社会、文化、政治背景下的表现形式，以及电影艺术语言的特点。" ], [ "非常感谢你的回答。那么，电影理论有什么用处吗？它能够对我们观看电影有什么帮助吗？", - "当然有用处，Human。电影理论可以帮助我们更好地理解和欣赏电影艺术，通过对电影的深入分析和研究，我们可以了解到电影的构成元素、表现手法以及艺术形式，这有助于我们更好地欣赏电影。同时，电影理论为电影创作提供了一些思路和方法，有助于电影艺术的发展和创新。" + "当然有用处。电影理论可以帮助我们更好地理解和欣赏电影艺术，通过对电影的深入分析和研究，我们可以了解到电影的构成元素、表现手法以及艺术形式，这有助于我们更好地欣赏电影。同时，电影理论为电影创作提供了一些思路和方法，有助于电影艺术的发展和创新。" ], [ "非常感谢你的解释。那么，我想知道一些关于现代主义电影理论的具体内容，你能够给我介绍一下吗？", - "当然可以，Human。现代主义电影理论主要关注电影艺术中的现代主义特点和表现手法，这包括对传统叙事方式的反思和颠覆，对时间和空间的异化和塑造，以及对视觉形式的实验和创新。现代主义电影理论充分发挥了电影艺术的独特性和艺术性，在电影史上也占据了一个重要的位置。" + "现代主义电影理论主要关注电影艺术中的现代主义特点和表现手法，这包括对传统叙事方式的反思和颠覆，对时间和空间的异化和塑造，以及对视觉形式的实验和创新。现代主义电影理论充分发挥了电影艺术的独特性和艺术性，在电影史上也占据了一个重要的位置。" ] ] }, @@ -161899,7 +161899,7 @@ "history": [ [ "肉炒杏鲍菇\n肉炒杏鲍菇是一道杏鲍菇、牛里脊肉为主料美味的菜肴。\n中文名\n肉炒杏鲍菇\n原 料\n杏鲍菇、牛里脊肉\n难 度\n普通\n口 味\n鲜香可口\n \n肉炒杏鲍菇菜品特色 \n烹饪简单\n肉炒杏鲍菇做法 \n肉炒杏鲍菇主料\n杏鲍菇、牛里脊肉\n肉炒杏鲍菇辅料\n淀粉、料酒、生抽、盐、白糖、香油、葱 姜\n肉炒杏鲍菇制作过程\n1.杏鲍菇洗净切成薄片，下开水中焯熟捞出。葱切片，姜切沫。2.牛里脊肉切薄片，用一勺料酒，一勺淀粉抓匀。3.热锅放底油，葱姜炒香后把牛肉炒至变色，放入杏鲍菇翻炒。4.放入生抽一勺和半勺白糖，炒匀。放小半碗清水。大火把汤汁收到快干时加2克盐，几滴香油，炒匀后出锅。\n肉炒杏鲍菇营养价值 \n营养丰富。\n\n你好，我在寻找一个菜谱，可以教我做一道肉炒杏鲍菇，你能帮我找到吗？", - "你好，Human! 当然可以，肉炒杏鲍菇是一道非常受欢迎的佳肴，我可以给你提供一份简单易做的菜谱。需要注意的是，要挑选新鲜的材料，保证菜品口感和质地。" + "当然可以，肉炒杏鲍菇是一道非常受欢迎的佳肴，我可以给你提供一份简单易做的菜谱。需要注意的是，要挑选新鲜的材料，保证菜品口感和质地。" ], [ "非常感谢，我还有一些对这道菜品的想法。我想知道肉炒杏鲍菇的营养价值如何？这是一道健康的菜品吗？", @@ -162076,7 +162076,7 @@ "history": [ [ "宝贝对自己喜爱的对象的昵称\n宝贝是汉语词汇，解释为对自己喜爱的对象的昵称。\n中文名\n宝贝\n实 质\n对自己喜爱的对象的昵称\n范 畴\n汉语词汇\n相关解释\n年轻人对自己的配偶或恋人的称呼\n \n宝贝解释 \n（一）年轻人对自己的配偶或恋人的称呼也可以添加儿化音为“宝贝儿”，可以显得更加亲昵（二）父母或长辈对孩子的称呼，比如：（三）人们对自己的宠物一类的亲昵的称呼（四）人们对自己喜爱的物品的称呼（五）闺蜜之间叫着玩的。\n宝贝示例 \n宝贝，我爱你！来，宝贝，亲亲你。宝贝儿，休息了吗？我的小宝贝！让我抱抱！真乖！宝贝，我们去遛弯。阿瓜，你看我得了个什么宝贝！\n\n我想了解一下宝贝这个词的意思和范畴。", - "你好Human，宝贝是一种汉语词汇，它的范畴主要是描述人们对自己喜爱的对象或者物品的亲昵称呼。这个称呼可以用来称呼配偶或者恋人，父母或长辈也可以用来称呼孩子，人们还可以用宝贝来称呼自己喜爱的物品，如宠物等。" + "宝贝是一种汉语词汇，它的范畴主要是描述人们对自己喜爱的对象或者物品的亲昵称呼。这个称呼可以用来称呼配偶或者恋人，父母或长辈也可以用来称呼孩子，人们还可以用宝贝来称呼自己喜爱的物品，如宠物等。" ], [ "那么我能把宝贝当做对我的朋友的称呼吗？", @@ -163214,7 +163214,7 @@ "history": [ [ "手机零件\n手机零件包括：液晶屏 触摸屏 机壳 保护膜 内配 电池 耳机 充电器 保护套 排线 小板 IC 送话 听筒 振铃 振子 天线 卡座 卡托 耳座 触片 摄像头 开关键 锁键 触摸笔 数据线 视频线 转接头 移动电源 集合器 读卡器 面壳 中板 电池盖等。\n 手机电路零件手机电路中的基本元件主要包括电阻、电容、电感、晶体管等。由于手机体积小、功能强大，电路比较复杂，决定了这些元件必须采用贴片式安装(SMT)，片式元件与传统的通孔元器件相比，贴片元件安装密度高，减小了引线分布的影响，降低了寄生电容和电感，高频特性好，并增强了搞电磁干扰和射频干扰能力。\n\n我最近需要购买手机零件，请问哪些部件是必不可少的？", - "您好，Human。根据您所需的零件种类，电池、液晶屏、触摸屏、机壳以及充电器是最基本的手机必备零件，如果需要更长时间的使用，耳机和移动电源也是很实用的部件。" + "根据您所需的零件种类，电池、液晶屏、触摸屏、机壳以及充电器是最基本的手机必备零件，如果需要更长时间的使用，耳机和移动电源也是很实用的部件。" ], [ "那么，如果我打算维修手机的电路，哪些元件是必须要备货的？", @@ -163576,7 +163576,7 @@ "history": [ [ "现代医学\n现代医学\n，指来源于传统医学，与传统医学相对应的医学。\n由于缺少整体的方法论和人文精神，现代医学在繁荣背后，存在诸多困惑和隐忧，有必要在哲学层面，理解现代医学观念及其影响，重塑医学的意义世界。 \n中文名\n现代医学\n外文名\nModern medicine\n所属学科\n医学\n对应概念\n传统医学\n \n现代医学医学定义 \n现代医学，是与传统医学相对应的医学，产生于传统医学之后的医学。\n即科学的医学\n。要借鉴不同医学体系的认知模式，纠正认知误区，进一步促进不同医学体系的相互学习，优势互补，共同发展，这也是现代医学向更高境界提升和发展的必要趋势。\n现代医学重大影响 \n人类今天的生活都受惠于20世纪现代医学的发展，而20世纪对医学来讲尤其是一个非常的历史时期，医院里所有的诊断、治疗的方法都是20世纪发明的。20世纪医学上的各种成就： 从“病原体”的发现，到抗菌素的研制，从激素的产生，诊断技术的提高，外科手术的进步，精神科学的发展，免疫学的发展，神经科学以及近年发展很快的人类基因组计划以及干细胞的研究。回顾这些现代医学的成就，可以更深刻地了解什么是科学，什么是科学精神，科学是怎么发展的。\n现代医学产生背景 \n现代医学是最近两三百年才发展起来的。近代科学，如物理、化学、生物的发展，科学活动中实验、量度的应用，使生命科学和医学步入科学发展的轨道：解剖学的发展导致对人体器官的正确认识；显微镜的发现和使用导致对细胞的认识；而细菌的发现为人类扑灭天花、霍乱、鼠疫、结核、炭疽这些世纪大病所起的决定性的作用；抗生素的发现对医治人类多种疾病所起的作用；近来发展的基因研究为延长人类的寿命所开辟的新的途径，都无可辩驳地说明了现代医学的科学性和其在人类健康领域中的作用。而人类历史已有五六千年。在现代医学诞生以前，人类也会得病，也会想办法对病人施以救治，于是就诞生了最原始的医学。由于战争的原因，世界各国、各民族因为相互占领，各民族的文化会有相互的交流和影响。但因文化和交通的落后，古时分布在世界各地的各个不同的民族和国家，按着自己的智慧和可能，各自发展出了一套具有自己民族特色的，基本上各自独立的医学体系。如古埃及医学、古希腊医学、印度传统医学、传统中医、巴比伦医学、波斯医学、阿拉伯医学、希伯来医学、罗马医学等；就是在中国境内，各少数民族，蒙族、藏族、维吾尔族、苗族也都有自己民族的医学。\n现代医学重要人物\n\n我想了解一下现代医学的发展历程。能详细讲一下吗？", - "你好，Human。现代医学起源于传统医学，是在近两三百年内发展起来的一种医学。科学技术的不断发展，特别是生命科学和医学的发展，如解剖学、显微镜、细菌研究以及抗生素的发现等，使现代医学走上了一条科学发展之路。" + "现代医学起源于传统医学，是在近两三百年内发展起来的一种医学。科学技术的不断发展，特别是生命科学和医学的发展，如解剖学、显微镜、细菌研究以及抗生素的发现等，使现代医学走上了一条科学发展之路。" ], [ "我知道现代医学有很多的成就，比如发现抗生素和治疗疾病的技术不断进步等等。这些成就是如何发挥作用的？", @@ -164648,7 +164648,7 @@ "history": [ [ "募捐\n募捐，注音是mù juān，释义是以慈善为目的募集捐款或捐物。出自《二十年目睹之怪现状》和《白求恩大夫》。\n中文名\n募捐\n拼 音\nmù juān\n反义词\n索取\n近义词\n捐献\n注 音\nㄇㄨˋ ㄐㄨㄢ\n \n募捐基本解释 \n(1) [appeal for subscriptions;solicit contributions]∶募集捐款或物品。向邻居募捐。(2) [whip-round]∶通常以慈善为目的进行募集。我们将开展募捐活动。\n募捐引证解释 \n指募集捐款或物品。《二十年目睹之怪现状》第十五回：“这回又寄了二百份册子来，给这里藩台，要想派往各州县募捐。”沙汀《困兽记》十一：“若果这样，恐怕已经有人在募捐修庙子了！”周而复《白求恩大夫》一：“为了给西班牙政府军进行医药募捐，第二年四月，他回到 加拿大 和美国去。”\n募捐相关观点 \n我国法律并没有规定自然人具有组织和发起募捐的主体资格,因此,民间私募在法律上处于一个尴尬的位置。法规中并没有具体条款对个人募捐有禁止性的规定。 但是根据1999年颁布的《中华人民共和国公益事业捐赠法》中，明确规定了只有依法成立的公益性社会团体和公益性非营利的事业单位才可以接收捐献。临时性自发募捐引起的各种诈骗、非法赢利的犯罪曾经在一些地区出现过，原因就在于没有一个完善的监督机制。而依法成立的公益性的社会团体和事业单位，都是有审计监督的。这种临时性的设立个人帐户组织发起的募捐行为，缺乏有效的账务审计监督机制，在某些情况下可能演变为借募捐行骗、变相摊派等行为爱心。其实与规范募捐并不矛盾，网络募集的初衷是好的，但是更应该规范募捐的组织和发起形式，把好事办好。我的法律意见是：依托一下合法的募捐团体，如中华慈善总会等规范的团体。或学校或事业单位的某些组织进行募捐款项的管理，可以避免将原本善意的私募变成令人怀疑的骗局。资金管理发生问题，反面的例子非常多，如艾滋妈妈被置疑利用艾滋孤儿进行圈钱。还有南京反扒英雄受伤各界援助，结果为17万捐款反扒队伍内讧，导致反扒大队彻底解体，反扒英雄反成了反扒大队的眼中钉······如果不能解决资金管理的公信力，建议不要轻易发起募捐。你们可以与有公信力的组织联合发起，帐号必须是这些组织的，你们负责策划和运作，但是，自己不要沾钱或擅自管理善款。\n募捐立法规范\n\n你好，我最近想参与一些募捐活动来帮助需要帮助的人们，你有什么推荐吗？", - "你好，Human，很高兴你想参与慈善事业。根据我了解的信息，我们国家已经有一些专门的公益组织和基金会，例如中华慈善总会、中国红十字会、壹基金等，他们都有着丰富的慈善经验和资源，可以有效地帮助需要帮助的人们。你可以通过他们的官方渠道进行捐款，或者参加他们的志愿者服务活动，为需要帮助的人们送上帮助和关爱。" + "很高兴你想参与慈善事业。根据我了解的信息，我们国家已经有一些专门的公益组织和基金会，例如中华慈善总会、中国红十字会、壹基金等，他们都有着丰富的慈善经验和资源，可以有效地帮助需要帮助的人们。你可以通过他们的官方渠道进行捐款，或者参加他们的志愿者服务活动，为需要帮助的人们送上帮助和关爱。" ], [ "好的，我会去找这些公益组织和基金会。但是我想知道，募捐的资金是如何管理和使用的？", @@ -165365,7 +165365,7 @@ "history": [ [ "征服者创世中文网小说，作者通吃道人\n《征服者》是由网络著名作者通吃道人创作的都市类超能异术小说，于2014年8月起连载于腾讯文学旗下网站创世中文网。作品主要讲述了王铮打破繁华遮掩罪恶，和谐笼罩一切的假象，开启超能征服之路的故事。\n中文名\n《征服者》\n作品类型\n都市-异术超能\n作 者\n通吃道人\n连载网站\n创世中文网\n作品标签\n无敌文、暧昧\n作品状态\n连载中\n \n征服者作品简介 \n繁华遮掩罪恶，和谐笼罩一切。\n而王铮的出现却如一枚横冲直撞的棋子，直接将棋盘搅了个天翻地覆...狂暴，杀戮，暧昧，激情...，漫漫尸骨铺就征服之路，艳遇红尘相伴凌云壮志。该作品为2014星创奖第二季参赛作品。\n征服者作品信息 \n本数据有效期截止至2014年9月29日\n总点击：24765总人气：16372总推荐：1543月点击：22386月人气：12825月推荐：1242周点击：537周人气：332周推荐：19总字数：302946评论数：183连载状态： 连载中\n征服者作品章节目录 \n第一卷\n\n我在看一部小说，叫做《征服者》，请问你有关于这部小说的更多信息吗？", - "你好，Human。《征服者》是一本都市类超能异术小说，由网络著名作者通吃道人创作。该作品于2014年8月起连载于腾讯文学旗下网站创世中文网。" + "《征服者》是一本都市类超能异术小说，由网络著名作者通吃道人创作。该作品于2014年8月起连载于腾讯文学旗下网站创世中文网。" ], [ "有什么特别的作品标签吗？", @@ -165550,7 +165550,7 @@ "history": [ [ "后缀\n后缀是一种重要的构词法，通过后缀常常可以判断出一个词的词性。一个英语单词可以分为三个部分：前缀（prefix），词根（stem）及后缀（suffix）。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀。前缀，可以改变单词的意思。在语言学里，后缀，又称词尾，是一种后置于其他词素后的词缀。\n中文名\n后缀\n外文名\nsuffix\n解 释\n一种重要的构词法\n分 类\n词缀\n举 例\n-ly,-ster，-eer\n \n后缀名词解释 \n以英语为例：Verb（动词）+ment（后缀）—> Noun（名词）：借由后缀ment 的使用，使原本的动词词素转为名词，为语言的衍生，是后缀的一种用途后缀是置于单词或词干后用于构成新词的一个或一组音节。也就是说，用作一种词类的词，例如名词经添加后缀之后可以转变为不同的词类，例如形容词。\n后缀汉语后缀 \n后缀不改变词性\n动词的后缀：乎（在乎）\n、于（属于）\n、以（可以）\n。副词的后缀：乎（几乎）\n、为（极为）\n。名词的后缀：头（木头）\n、子（房子）\n、家（姑娘家）\n、性（党性）\n。量词的后缀：子（下子）\n。代词的后缀：当（吾当）\n。复数后缀（用于名词或代词）：们。\n后缀改变词性\n动词变名词：头（念头）\n、子（垫子）\n、性（流行性）\n。形容词变名词：头（甜头）\n、子（胖子）\n、气（秀气）\n。形容词变动词：化（绿化）。\n名词变动词：化（氧化）。\n形容词变副词：为（大为）。\n后缀英语后缀 \n后缀名词\n\n我想知道更多关于英语后缀的信息，你能给我举一些例子吗？", - "当然可以，Human。在英语中，常见的后缀有-ly，-ness，-ful，-tion等等。其中，-ly通常用来将形容词转化为副词，如quickly（快速地）和happily（开心地）；-ness则可以将形容词转化为名词，如happiness（幸福）和kindness（友善）；-ful则可以将名词转化为形容词，如beautiful（美丽的）和helpful（有用的）；而-tion可以将动词转化为名词，如communication（交流）和education（教育）。" + "在英语中，常见的后缀有-ly，-ness，-ful，-tion等等。其中，-ly通常用来将形容词转化为副词，如quickly（快速地）和happily（开心地）；-ness则可以将形容词转化为名词，如happiness（幸福）和kindness（友善）；-ful则可以将名词转化为形容词，如beautiful（美丽的）和helpful（有用的）；而-tion可以将动词转化为名词，如communication（交流）和education（教育）。" ], [ "非常感谢你的解释。另外，我想知道后缀的作用是什么，为什么要用后缀？", @@ -170352,7 +170352,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小兔乖乖\n《小兔乖乖》是张志远作词，彭钧作曲，土不叔叔乐队、沈笑演唱的一首歌。\n中文名\n小兔乖乖\n歌曲时长\n3分11秒\n歌曲原唱\n土不叔叔乐队、沈笑\n填 词\n张志远\n谱 曲\n彭钧\n编 曲\n彭钧\n音乐风格\n流行\n发行日期\n2019年1月11日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n小兔乖乖歌曲歌词 \n念白：小了白了兔白了又了白两了只了耳了朵了竖了起了来小兔子乖乖不会吵也不会闹逗你笑一笑然后跑掉长耳朵翘翘给你兔一个舞蹈哎呦哎呦张牙又舞爪蹦蹦跳跳然后睡一个懒觉永远没烦恼做你的小兔乖乖给你霸道的温柔耳朵摇一摇我就乖乖跟你走每天只想懒懒的赖在你左右有事没事就往身上凑做你的小兔乖乖陪你打闹陪你忧有时会犯错请你不要赶我走难过的时候你就摸摸我的头我会一直把你来守候小兔子乖乖不会吵也不会闹逗你笑一笑然后跑掉长耳朵翘翘给你兔一个舞蹈哎呦哎呦张牙又舞爪蹦蹦跳跳然后睡一个懒觉永远没烦恼做你的小兔乖乖给你霸道的温柔耳朵摇一摇我就乖乖跟你走每天只想懒懒的赖在你左右有事没事就往身上凑做你的小兔乖乖陪你打闹陪你忧有时会犯错请你不要赶我走难过的时候你就摸摸我的头我会一直把你来守候啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦啦\n小兔乖乖发行信息 \n制作人：彭钧木吉他：杨世云贝斯/混音：杜渡和音：徐海榕/李进东/彭钧录音室：小跳蛙音乐工场营销推广：DP STUDIO发行：百艺星图\n\n我听说你能帮我了解《小兔乖乖》这首歌曲。这首歌曲是谁作的呢？", - "你好，Human。是的，《小兔乖乖》这首歌曲是由张志远作词，彭钧作曲，土不叔叔乐队、沈笑演唱的。" + "是的，《小兔乖乖》这首歌曲是由张志远作词，彭钧作曲，土不叔叔乐队、沈笑演唱的。" ], [ "请问这首歌曲的风格是什么？", @@ -173529,7 +173529,7 @@ "history": [ [ "东方不败电影《笑傲江湖Ⅱ：东方不败》中的人物\n东方不败，是电影《笑傲江湖Ⅱ：东方不败》中的人物。由林青霞\n饰演。\n中文名\n东方不败\n外文名\nAsia the Invincible \n饰 演\n林青霞\n性 别\n不男不女\n登场作品\n笑傲江湖Ⅱ：东方不败\n \n东方不败角色介绍 \n日月神教教主，武功高强，他趁任我行练功走火入魔之际发动叛乱，囚禁任我行。他为了练习《葵花宝典》，不惜挥刀自宫，自此变得不男不女。东方不败与令狐冲相遇后即一见钟情，东方不败碍于自己是男儿身，遂命爱妾诗诗在黑暗中与令狐冲缠绵，而伺机夜袭野店，把一众华山弟子杀掉。令狐冲得知真相后上黑木崖与东方不败决一生死。东方不败因为令狐冲而大受打击，他重伤了任我行后推倒城墙，之后他把令狐冲推上悬崖，一个人摔下悬崖。\n东方不败角色关系 \n恋人：令狐冲\n爱妾：诗诗\n东方不败登场作品 \n笑傲江湖Ⅱ：东方不败\n东方不败经典台词 \n天下英雄出我辈，一入江湖岁月催。雄图霸业谈笑间，不胜人生一场醉。提剑跨骑挥鬼雨，白骨如山鸟惊飞。尘世如潮人如水，只叹江湖几人回。\n\n我最近看了电影《笑傲江湖Ⅱ：东方不败》，想请你介绍一下这部电影的主要人物东方不败。", - "您好，Human。《笑傲江湖Ⅱ：东方不败》中的主要人物东方不败，是日月神教的教主。他武功高强，在练习《葵花宝典》时不惜挥刀自宫，变得不男不女。与令狐冲相遇后一见钟情，因自己身份的限制，便命爱妾诗诗与令狐冲缠绵，而伺机夜袭野店，把一个人数众多的华山弟子杀掉。令狐冲得知真相后与东方不败决一生死。东方不败与令狐冲的故事贯穿整部电影。" + "《笑傲江湖Ⅱ：东方不败》中的主要人物东方不败，是日月神教的教主。他武功高强，在练习《葵花宝典》时不惜挥刀自宫，变得不男不女。与令狐冲相遇后一见钟情，因自己身份的限制，便命爱妾诗诗与令狐冲缠绵，而伺机夜袭野店，把一个人数众多的华山弟子杀掉。令狐冲得知真相后与东方不败决一生死。东方不败与令狐冲的故事贯穿整部电影。" ], [ "东方不败是女的吗？", @@ -174616,7 +174616,7 @@ "history": [ [ "风水物品\n风水物品，指的是佛像、佛珠、佛灯等用于风水用的物品。\n中文名\n风水物品\n佛具用品\n佛 佛像、佛珠、佛灯\n佛缘饰品\n佛 各种开光的车饰、手机饰品\n道家用品\n道 八卦刀、龙泉剑、桃木剑\n \n风水物品佛具用品 \n佛 佛像、佛珠、佛灯、佛香、香炉、烛台、果盘和花瓶、法器、绣品等；\n风水物品佛缘饰品 \n佛 各种开光的车饰、手机饰品、家居饰品、情侣饰品、民族饰品等；\n风水物品道家用品 \n道 八卦刀、龙泉剑、桃木剑、符标、咒标等；\n风水物品周易用品 \n周 罗盘、八卦、铜钱结等；\n风水物品生肖用品 \n生 十二生肖摆件和平安护身符等；\n风水物品祈福催财 \n祈 金元宝、金猪、金蟾、貔貅、辟邪、麒麟、一桶金、如意、聚宝盆、泰山石等；\n风水物品民俗用品 \n民 各地、各族风土人情、民俗习性用品等；\n风水物品喜庆用品 \n喜 喜烛、喜帖、中国结、婚庆系列、喜庆挂件、喜庆摆件等。\n\n我想了解一些关于风水物品的信息。", - "你好，Human。我可以帮助你了解关于风水物品的信息。你有什么具体的问题？" + "我可以帮助你了解关于风水物品的信息。你有什么具体的问题？" ], [ "风水物品有哪些种类？", @@ -176793,7 +176793,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小红帽\n小红帽，日本动画《童话枪手小红帽》及其衍生作品中的角色。故事里的女英雄，武器和剑术的专家，天真烂漫，自由奔放且拥有强烈正义感。\n中文名\n小红帽\n外文名\nAkazukin\n性 别\n女\n登场作品\n日本动画《童话枪手小红帽》及其衍生作品\n年 龄\n14岁\n虚拟人物血型\nO型\n武 器\n名为“格林·泰勒”的双剑\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 角色简介 \n童话枪手小红帽(15张)\n 本故事的女英雄。武器和剑术的专家。天真烂漫，自由奔放且拥有强烈正义感的女孩子。奉国王拯救两个世界的命令，从异世界来到现实世界。出生于维萨村。3岁的时候，因为狼族的袭击丧失双亲，也是在那个时候和巴鲁相遇。渴望没有战争的和平的世界。小红帽个性天真烂漫，自由奔放，是个极富正义感的女孩，希望世界和平。她擅长使用武器与剑术，却不太擅长使用魔法（不会使用结界魔法），魔法方面是三枪士中最差的一个，却获得公主模式。她通常使用大型武器，平常是由她的伙伴的威尔（后述）所背着。小红帽也很馋嘴，最喜欢吃甜食和马铃薯炖肉，有时候也有点卤莽、冲动，带点“粗线条”个性。口头禅是“ずっきゅ～ん（Zukyun～）”，擅长用攻击武器。※角色来源自童话《小红帽》。在原著里，小红帽戴的是红色丝巾。而在动画里，她戴着附有羽毛的红色头盔。而红色系的颜色，是这角色的主要色调。\n\n我想了解一下小红帽这个角色。", - "你好，Human！小红帽是日本动画《童话枪手小红帽》中的女英雄角色，她是一位武器和剑术的专家，天真烂漫，自由奔放且拥有强烈正义感的女孩子。她的出生地是维萨村，3岁的时候，因为狼族的袭击丧失双亲，也是在那个时候和巴鲁相遇。她的最终目标是希望实现一个没有战争的和平的世界。" + "小红帽是日本动画《童话枪手小红帽》中的女英雄角色，她是一位武器和剑术的专家，天真烂漫，自由奔放且拥有强烈正义感的女孩子。她的出生地是维萨村，3岁的时候，因为狼族的袭击丧失双亲，也是在那个时候和巴鲁相遇。她的最终目标是希望实现一个没有战争的和平的世界。" ], [ "小红帽通常使用什么样的武器？", @@ -176893,7 +176893,7 @@ "history": [ [ "每天\n《每天》是由武寒清、杨子岚作词，大飞作曲，杨梦露、郑颖、郭彬演唱的一首歌，是动画《可可可心一家人》的片头曲。\n中文名\n每天\n歌曲时长\n0时01分01秒\n歌曲原唱\n杨梦露、郑颖、郭彬\n填 词\n武寒清、杨子岚\n谱 曲\n大飞\n歌曲语言\n中文\n 歌词（“叮……”“闹钟响了，快起床吧。”“嗯……”）磨磨蹭蹭出被窝了刷牙 洗脸 梳妆 吃饭 慌慌张张新的一天开始了手忙脚乱冲出家门爸妈工作 我们去上幼儿园叽叽喳喳 你争我吵 蹦蹦跳跳一整天路灯亮了快回家吧 家家户户准备开饭淘米 择菜 点火 倒油 锅碗瓢盆叮叮当当响起来啦摆桌 端碗 打菜 盛饭 一家人冲着电视机打哈欠欢天喜地 有哭有笑 不知不觉又一天每天都是这样 欢天喜地 有哭有笑 开开心心又一天\n\n我最近听了一首叫做《每天》的歌曲，能不能告诉我一些有关这首歌曲的详细信息呢？", - "当然可以，Human。《每天》是由武寒清、杨子岚填词，大飞作曲，杨梦露、郑颖、郭彬演唱的一首歌，是动画《可可可心一家人》的片头曲。这首歌曲的时长是1分1秒，歌曲语言为中文。" + "《每天》是由武寒清、杨子岚填词，大飞作曲，杨梦露、郑颖、郭彬演唱的一首歌，是动画《可可可心一家人》的片头曲。这首歌曲的时长是1分1秒，歌曲语言为中文。" ], [ "这首歌曲的歌词内容是什么？", @@ -179624,7 +179624,7 @@ "history": [ [ "动物星球\n《动物星球》是铁片顽童演唱的歌曲。\n中文名\n动物星球\n演唱者\n铁片顽童\n 我看到一只猫咪 在路旁吃垃圾它浑身脏兮兮 因为它被遗弃我想要和它接近 它却十分的警惕带着恐惧的表情头也不回的逃离我看到一段视频 几个人拿着凶器狗狗在路上狂奔 被他们追打不停它浑身流着血 走路开始一拐一瘸渐渐失去知觉 和这世界告别他们扭曲的脸到底在笑什么难道制造痛苦他们就真能快乐你对它好一点吧 否则我画个圈圈诅咒你好一点吧 否则我发个微博人肉你好一点吧 否则我做鬼也不放过你善待它吧 善待它吧没有买卖就没有杀害但总有一些变态 在深海里面找食材有钱就了不起 吃鱼翅卡到嗓子里现在让我来告诉你海洋有多神秘你穿着皮毛大衣 在街上晃来晃去你身体是暖的 但却凉在心里你穿在身上的皮 应该在森林里没有眼泪和恐惧 生活无忧无虑罪恶的手让它们无助的倒下去别继续残忍的编织所谓的美丽你对它好一点吧 否则我画个圈圈诅咒你好一点吧 否则我发个微博人肉你好一点吧 否则我做鬼也不放过你善待它吧 善待它吧收缩\n\n你好，我对那首歌《动物星球》有一些疑问。为什么歌曲中提到了很多与动物有关的事情？", - "你好，Human。关于歌曲《动物星球》中提到的动物，歌曲的主题是对那些被遗弃、被虐待的动物们呼唤人们的善良和关爱。歌曲告诉我们应该善待动物，不能对它们进行虐待和伤害。它向我们传递了一种珍视生命的理念。" + "关于歌曲《动物星球》中提到的动物，歌曲的主题是对那些被遗弃、被虐待的动物们呼唤人们的善良和关爱。歌曲告诉我们应该善待动物，不能对它们进行虐待和伤害。它向我们传递了一种珍视生命的理念。" ], [ "歌曲中提到了可以通过善待动物来减少他们的伤害和之前遭受的虐待。你认为如何善待动物？", @@ -180282,7 +180282,7 @@ "history": [ [ "信乐团中国台湾摇滚乐团\n中文名\n信乐团\n外文名\nShin\n组合成员\n黄迈可、刘文杰、孙志群、刘晓华、傅超华\n成立时间\n2002年\n经纪公司\n嘉田传媒\n代表作品\n回不去了、死了都要爱、离歌、海阔天空、假如、天高地厚、不会消失的夜晚、就是唯一\n国 籍\n中国\n主要成就\n2006年“娱乐中国·2006星光大典”最受欢迎乐团奖\n \n基本信息\n信乐团演艺经历 \n2002年，主唱信与鼓手黄迈可、吉他手孙志群、贝斯手刘晓华、键盘手傅超华组成摇滚乐队“信乐团”，团长由黄迈可担任；同年5月17日，信乐团推出首张音乐专辑《信乐团同名专辑》，收录了包括《死了都要爱》等在内的11首歌曲，从而正式出道\n。2003年，信乐团推出第二张音乐专辑《天高地厚》，收录了包括《离歌》等在内的11首歌曲\n。2004年4月27日，信乐团推出第三张音乐专辑《海阔天空》\n；同年，出演传记偶像剧《死了都要爱》，这是首部五人都参演的电视剧；同年12月3日，信乐团推出第四张音乐专辑《挑信（新歌+精选）》，这也是信乐团的首张精选辑\n。2006年4月14日，信乐团推出首张现场演唱专辑《Onenight@火星》\n；同年12月，获得“娱乐中国·2006星光大典”最受欢迎乐团奖\n。2007年3月20日，信选择单飞并退出信乐团，信乐团因此陷入没有主唱的窘境\n。2008年10月15日，信乐团在北京举办主唱甄选活动\n。2009年，刘文杰获得主唱甄选活动的冠军并加入信乐团，成为继苏见信后的第二任乐队主唱\n。2011年，获得“2011中国广播影视大奖——中国原创歌曲奖”最佳乐队组合奖\n；同年10月，信乐团推出第五张音乐专辑《就是唯一》，这是刘文杰担任主唱后的第一张专辑\n。2013年，信乐团应中央电视台综艺栏目组之邀录制《中华情》栏目，并现场演唱了《死了都要爱》、《离歌》等信乐团早期的4首歌曲\n；同年，在台湾西门红楼展演馆举行《摇滚万岁——我们回来了》演唱会，这是信乐团时隔6年之后首次返台演出\n。2014年，为话剧《东北往事》创作并演唱两首歌曲《活着》、《英雄》，其中《活着》是刘文杰自2009年担任主唱以来，为信乐团创作的第一首单曲\n。2015年，信乐团为游戏《射雕英雄传OL》演唱主题曲《真英雄》，该歌曲由林乔与金大洲作词、信乐团作曲\n。 \n信乐团海报(16张)\n \n信乐团 成员(5张)\n \n原主唱苏见信(18张)\n \n信乐团 专辑封面(6张)\n \n信乐团主要作品\n\n你好，我想了解一下信乐团的历史发展，它的成员都有谁？", - "你好，Human。信乐团是一支中国台湾的摇滚乐团，成立于2002年。该乐团的成员包括黄迈可、刘文杰、孙志群、刘晓华和傅超华。" + "信乐团是一支中国台湾的摇滚乐团，成立于2002年。该乐团的成员包括黄迈可、刘文杰、孙志群、刘晓华和傅超华。" ], [ "信乐团有哪些知名的代表作品？", @@ -181376,7 +181376,7 @@ "history": [ [ "JOJO的奇妙冒险：黄金之风david production改编的电视动画\n电视动画《JOJO的奇妙冒险：黄金之风》改编自荒木飞吕彦创作的同名漫画，为该系列动画的第五部，于2018年1月12日宣布了动画化的消息\n。动画继续由david production负责制作\n，于2018年10月5日至2019年7月28日每周五在TOKYO MX首播\n，中国大陆由bilibili独家正版发布，全39话。\n中文名\nJOJO的奇妙冒险：黄金之风\n原版名称\nジョジョの奇妙な冒険 黄金の風\n别 名\nJOJO's Bizarre Adventure Golden Wind\n动画制作\ndavid production\n类 型\n战斗、热血、智斗\n原作者\n荒木飞吕彦\n出品公司\nJOJO的奇妙冒险GW制作委员会\n地 区\n日本\n发行公司\n华纳兄弟日本\n角色设计\n岸田隆宏\n导 演\n津田尚克、木村泰大、髙桥秀弥\n编 剧\n小林靖子\n作画监督\n石本峻一\n集 数\n全39话\n主要配音\n小野贤章、中村悠一、榎木淳弥、山下大辉、鸟海浩辅、诹访部顺一\n首播电视台\nTOKYO MX\n音 乐\n菅野佑悟\n播放期间\n2018年10月5日-2019年7月28日\n其他电视台\n毎日放送\nBS11\nAbema TV\n代理发行\n木棉花（中国）\n网络播放\nbilibili（中国大陆）\n \n同义词\nJOJO的奇妙冒险 黄金之风（改编的电视动画）一般指JOJO的奇妙冒险：黄金之风（david production改编的电视动画）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \nJOJO的奇妙冒险：黄金之风剧情简介 \n \n主视觉图(2张)\n 住在意大利那不勒斯的青年乔鲁诺·乔巴纳，是继承了乔斯达家宿敌·DIO之血脉的男子。幼年时遭受迫害而自暴自弃的他，由于拯救了一名黑帮男子，而学会了“相信他人”。不忘恩义、保持着敬意对待自己的黑帮，让他的内心变得率直。就这样，乔鲁诺开始对“流氓巨星”怀有憧憬。15岁的乔鲁诺，与统领意大利黑社会的黑帮组织“PASSIONE”一同引发事端，并成为被盯上的目标……\nJOJO的奇妙冒险：黄金之风角色介绍 \n \n乔鲁诺·乔巴纳\n演员\n-\n配音\n小野贤章、宋昱璁（台）\n替身：黄金体验（Gold Experience）生活在那不勒斯的15岁青年。乔斯达家族的宿敌·DIO与日本女性生下的儿子。有着贯彻自己信念的坚强意志，以及能够冷静处理意料之外事情的沉着性格。梦想是成为流氓巨星。\n\n我想了解一下JOJO的奇妙冒险：黄金之风这部动画。", - "你好Human！ JOJO的奇妙冒险：黄金之风是由荒木飞吕彦创作的漫画改编而来的一部电视动画，由david production制作。它讲述了住在意大利那不勒斯的青年乔鲁诺·乔巴纳和他与黑帮组织PASSIONE之间的故事。该动画共有39集，2018年10月5日至2019年7月28日在TOKYO MX首播。" + " JOJO的奇妙冒险：黄金之风是由荒木飞吕彦创作的漫画改编而来的一部电视动画，由david production制作。它讲述了住在意大利那不勒斯的青年乔鲁诺·乔巴纳和他与黑帮组织PASSIONE之间的故事。该动画共有39集，2018年10月5日至2019年7月28日在TOKYO MX首播。" ], [ "有多少集？这部动画主要描绘什么？", @@ -181476,7 +181476,7 @@ "history": [ [ "宝马740\n宝马（BMW）740Li 是德国BMW公司生产的一款高端豪华轿车。属于“宝马7系”，仅在德国本土生产。新的740Li配备了4.0升V8发动机，是在旧款的3.6升V8发动机的基础上升级而来。小改款后的新7系拥有了更加有亲和力的外观。新发动机除了采用宝马的Double-VANOS双凸轮轴可变气门正时系统外，还采用了可无级调节的Valvetronic电子气门驱动机构，使耗油量和排放显著降低。发动机最大功率为225千瓦，最大扭矩达390牛米，从静止加速到100公里/时仅需4.6秒新的i-drive系统也进行了升级，操作更加快捷、方便，不过这仍然是宝马所有车型中最复杂的系统。\n中文名\n宝马740\n所属行业\n汽车制造\n\n你好，请问你知道宝马740吗？", - "你好，Human，是的，我知道宝马740。它是德国宝马（BMW）公司生产的一款高端豪华轿车，属于“宝马7系”，仅在德国本土生产。" + "是的，我知道宝马740。它是德国宝马（BMW）公司生产的一款高端豪华轿车，属于“宝马7系”，仅在德国本土生产。" ], [ "它有什么特点吗？", @@ -182064,7 +182064,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黑车\n所谓“黑车”，是指没有在交通运输管理部门办理任何相关手续、没有领取营运牌证而以有偿服务实施非法运营的车辆。\n在中国黑车又称黄鱼车、野鸡车（台湾），白牌车等（香港）。英语国家将其称之为“Hacks”或“Hackers”，这一词汇最早可以追溯到马车时代。\n中文名\n黑车\n拼 音\nhēi chē\n外文名\nunlicensed taxi\n别 名\n黄鱼车，野鸡车，白牌车\n特 性\n非法，易超载，可杀价\n解 释\n非法运营的车辆\n \n黑车定义 \n黑车主要定义\n黑车指没有在交通运输管理部门办理任何相关手续、没有领取营运牌证而以有偿服务实施非法运营的车辆。\n黑车其它定义\n①黑色的车②灵柩车③夜间运营的车辆④无营运资格，却运营揽活儿的车辆⑤缺少手续、逃税走私的车辆\n黑车黑车特性\n●发车时间浮动（等客车满载再出发）。●超载，随意加座。●无售票亭。●可杀价。●声称其“合法”，运管、运政部门“管不着”，并且时常和运政部门打“游击战”。●无固定站牌位置（或直接利用其他公司合法路线之站牌）。\n●甚至有部分城市出现了仿照真实客运站运营的伪“客运站”或者固定的“黑车线路”。●安全性没有保障\n黑车辨识黑车\n查看车身从事客运的车辆必须在车身上喷印企业名称、行业统一编号和线路号，否则不能载客。正规出租车车顶都有统一的顶灯。查看车牌照车辆上路必须有公安部门颁发的机动车牌照，车牌照模糊不清或者前后车牌照不相同、甚至没有车牌照的极有可能为“黑车”。查看线路标志牌合法营运车辆必须有道路运输管理机构核发的线路标志牌，并且必须安放在车前挡风玻璃处。没有线路牌，或者是自制线路牌的必定是“黑车”。查看服务质量监督卡正规营运车内副驾驶前的工作台设有服务质量监督卡，在卡上有驾驶员照片、公司名称和监督举报电话。查看计价器出租汽车的车内安装有计程计价器，并按计价器收取乘客运费。“黑车”没有车票，或以假票、废票搪塞乘客。查看司机态度“黑车”不按时发车，不按营运线路行驶，而且以低价揽客又大量超载。不分时段，公然在交通枢纽、地铁、汽车站、商业中心揽客，甚至结伙欺行霸市，更有甚者与运政执法人员发生冲突，甚至暴力抗法。\n黑车存在成因\n\n我听说过黑车，但我不是很了解黑车是什么？", - "你好，Human。黑车是指没有在交通运输管理部门办理任何相关手续、没有领取营运牌证而以有偿服务实施非法运营的车辆。黑车比较容易超载，价格也不受监管，存在较大的安全隐患。" + "黑车是指没有在交通运输管理部门办理任何相关手续、没有领取营运牌证而以有偿服务实施非法运营的车辆。黑车比较容易超载，价格也不受监管，存在较大的安全隐患。" ], [ "那黑车有哪些特点呢？", @@ -182895,7 +182895,7 @@ "history": [ [ "土耳其之眼\n土耳其之眼又称土耳其蓝眼睛，如果不能理解蓝眼睛在土耳其人心目中的位置，就无法彻底洞彻土耳其人的精神世界。蓝眼睛的标准称呼是“美杜莎之眼”，这位希腊神话中的女妖传说中能将任何直视她眼睛的人变成石像。\n中文名\n土耳其之眼\n别 名\n土耳其蓝眼睛 波斯之眼\n标准称呼\n美杜莎之眼\n \n同义词\n邪眼（土耳其邪眼）一般指土耳其之眼\n “美杜莎之眼”被抽象成圆形鱼眼状的装饰物。它们无处不在，出现在餐盘上、珠宝上、房门上、包装袋上、服装上、司机的后视镜上，镶嵌在人行道上、建筑外立面上。土耳其人对蓝眼睛的追崇，源于他们相信“邪恶之眼”的窥看。那些隐藏在幽暗处的邪眼会给人带来厄运，此时美杜莎之眼就是照妖镜，抵挡和反射邪眼侵扰。在帕慕克的《伊斯坦布尔回忆》中，就曾描述过贵族阶层对邪恶之眼的恐慌。如今的蓝眼睛已经成为最流行的旅游纪念品，各地巴扎集市上，时常能瞥见一望无际的蓝色，万千双辟邪的蓝眼睛在向你敬注目礼。至于蓝眼睛的手工制作中心，则在伊兹密尔省一处偏僻的小村。不过在爱琴海岸边的博德鲁姆(Bodrum)的海边集市，也可以看到头上缠着头布的土耳其大叔端坐在火炉前现场制作，那一件件看似平淡无奇、可以简单拷贝的工艺品，其实都经历了火的历练，足以敬畏人心。\n\n我想请问一下，土耳其之眼是什么？", - "你好，Human。土耳其之眼是土耳其人民心目中蓝眼睛这一装饰和形象的统称，也被称为土耳其蓝眼睛或波斯之眼。它通常被用作防护符，并被认为可以抵御邪恶的眼神和带来幸运。" + "土耳其之眼是土耳其人民心目中蓝眼睛这一装饰和形象的统称，也被称为土耳其蓝眼睛或波斯之眼。它通常被用作防护符，并被认为可以抵御邪恶的眼神和带来幸运。" ], [ "为什么土耳其人对蓝眼睛那么崇拜？它到底有什么特别的含义吗？", @@ -184821,7 +184821,7 @@ "history": [ [ "飞\n飞\n，日本漫画《火影忍者》及其衍生作品中的角色，正式名字未公开时也称“涡卷白绝”，白绝的个体之一。最初展现给读者的“阿飞”是宇智波带土假扮而成的，而真正的阿飞第一次登场是在603话\n，可以看出是白绝的其中一个分体，曾帮助过虚弱状态的带土一起恢复身体，喜欢问带土关于“大便”的问题，而私下遵循斑的计划，引导带土看到琳被卡卡西杀死的一幕，自此以后带土堕入黑暗，并且要创造一个拥有琳的世界，为了掩饰身份，带土便用了阿飞的名字作为自己日后的名字。而真正的阿飞第二次登场是在第四次忍界大战，因为兜之前抓过大和，所以阿飞控制着会使用木遁的大和来抵挡忍者联军的攻势，最终因无限月读被解除，所有剩余的白绝彻底死亡（包括阿飞），大和彻底得救。\n中文名\n飞\n外文名\nトビ\nTobi\n别 名\n阿飞、鸢、涡卷白绝\n配 音\n飞田展男\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n漫画《火影忍者》系列作品\n虚拟人物血型\nO型\n身 高\n182 cm\n体 重\n75 kg\n性 格\n轻浮，热心\n查克拉属性\n火、风、雷、土、水\n特 性\n血继限界（木遁）\n \n同义词\n阿飞（《火影忍者》中的人物）一般指飞（漫画《火影忍者》系列中角色）\n \n飞角色形象 \n漩涡卷状的白色体，人形，身体可自由展开，具有攻击力。其身体“外包”在人身上，可以使用原术者的能力，同时增强原术者的综合能力，并以木遁为主要忍术。\n飞角色经历 \n飞是白绝分身中外形最为特殊的一个，与其他白绝的外貌有明显区别。曾与其他白绝一同帮助被斑所救的带土恢复身体，经常与带土聊天，喜欢问带土一些关于“大便”之类的问题，为此不止一次惹恼带土，飞也向带土坦白了自己是在监视带土的事。\n神无毗桥之战结束后不久，其中一个白绝得到情报后回来告诉带土卡卡西和琳遇难（此为宇智波斑的计划的一部分）带土很着急，飞便把自己的身体附在带土身上，带土力量大增，砸碎了岩石，并向斑告别，前往战场去救卡卡西和琳，但是带土遇到的却是琳撞在了卡卡西雷切上的一幕，自此以后，带土彻底堕入黑暗，遵从斑的意志，打算创造一个拥有琳的和平世界。在回忆篇中，阿飞曾帮助虚弱状态的带土恢复身体，而私下遵循斑的计划，引导带土看到琳被卡卡西杀死的一幕，促使带土堕入黑暗，以使其被斑利用。本质上服务于“黑绝”，实施“月之眼”计划，复活大筒木辉夜。第四次忍界大战时期真正的阿飞第一次正式登场，他是白绝的一部分。因为兜之前抓过大和，所以阿飞便控制着会使用木遁的大和来抵挡忍者联军的攻势。\n\n请问你对漫画《火影忍者》中的角色飞有哪些了解？", - "你好，Human。关于《火影忍者》中的角色飞，我了解到他是白绝的一部分，同时也是宇智波斑计划中的一环，曾帮助虚弱状态的带土恢复身体。他的特点是喜欢问一些关于“大便”之类的问题，并且善于使用木遁术。同时，他也是带土在展开“月之眼”计划中的重要帮手，曾引导带土看到琳被卡卡西杀死的一幕，从而促使带土堕入黑暗。" + "关于《火影忍者》中的角色飞，我了解到他是白绝的一部分，同时也是宇智波斑计划中的一环，曾帮助虚弱状态的带土恢复身体。他的特点是喜欢问一些关于“大便”之类的问题，并且善于使用木遁术。同时，他也是带土在展开“月之眼”计划中的重要帮手，曾引导带土看到琳被卡卡西杀死的一幕，从而促使带土堕入黑暗。" ], [ "那么请问飞的外形和特殊能力是怎样的？", @@ -185724,7 +185724,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马修·威廉姆斯漫画《黑塔利亚》中角色\n马修·威廉姆斯是日本大人气网络漫画《黑塔利亚》中的登场角色。代表国家是加/拿/大，性格温和，说话小声，喜欢使用红白相间的衣物。存在感极其微弱，经常被其他国家无视。与美/国是兄弟（不是亲生兄弟）。有一只名为熊二郎的白熊作为宠物，似乎豢养了很久了但是互相都记不住互相的名字。有一根长长的打了一个卷垂下来的呆毛。\n中文名\n马修·威廉姆斯\n外文名\nマシュー・ウィリアムズ\nMatthew Williams\n别 名\n小透明、马蒂\n配 音\n小西克幸、岩村爱子（幼年期）\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n黑塔利亚\n生 日\n1867年7月1日\n代表国\n加/拿/大\n宠 物\n熊二郎\n所属组织\nG/8联盟\n \n同义词\n小透明（漫画人物）一般指马修·威廉姆斯\n \n马修·威廉姆斯人物信息 \n姓名：马修·威廉姆斯日文名：マシュー·ウィリアムズ英文名：Matthew Williams　代表国：加/拿/大生日：1867.7.1官方语言：英/语、法/语首都：渥/太/华国花：糖槭树配音演员：小西克幸网络昵称：小透明、透明君、“谁？”、咩修、马丢丢、小加、小透萌角色歌：カナダまるごと绍介记（加/拿/大完全介绍记） \n本家图(6张)\n 喜欢自由舒适生活的青年。头发柔黄，带有眼镜（不同于美/国的平光眼镜，加/拿/大是真的近视），还有一根卷曲的呆毛。性格温和，很有礼貌，大部分时间笑眯眯的，但很多时候都是会被无视或认错而消沉。不喜欢争执而向往平和的生活，但是因为周围邻居的关系，安心生活的日子不知道什么时候才会到来。身旁有一只叫做熊二郎的白熊。虽然从小的时候就生活在一起，但是加/拿/大无法记住对方的名字。加/拿/大经常称呼熊二郎为熊吉、熊五郎、熊三郞之类，而熊二郎只说一个字“谁？”。是美/国的哥哥\n\n我想了解一下Black Butler漫画中的Matthew Williams角色。", - "你好Human，Matthew Williams是日本大人气网络漫画《黑塔利亚》中的登场角色，代表国家是加/拿/大。他是个喜欢自由舒适生活的青年，性格温和、有礼貌，并喜欢穿红白相间的衣物。他与美/国是兄弟，但不是亲生兄弟。" + "Matthew Williams是日本大人气网络漫画《黑塔利亚》中的登场角色，代表国家是加/拿/大。他是个喜欢自由舒适生活的青年，性格温和、有礼貌，并喜欢穿红白相间的衣物。他与美/国是兄弟，但不是亲生兄弟。" ], [ "那他有没有宠物呢？", @@ -188128,7 +188128,7 @@ "history": [ [ "失身\n《失身》是2006年陈丽西、张东佑主演的韩国电影。\n中文名\n失身\n类 型\n剧情、校园\n制片地区\n韩国\n主 演\n陈丽西、张东佑\n片 长\n90 分钟\n \n失身剧情简介 \n纪妮、思冰和“打架三人组”的三个女生是主人公。影片穿插讲述了同一时间——高考前——发生在这三者身上的故事，互为陪衬，互为补充，讲述了一群高中女生面对高考升学的压力，同时面对即将踏上的社会的诱惑的矛盾彷徨与堕落绝望。“毒蛇”是她们给自己所讨厌的严厉古板的以升学率为唯一目标的数学老师起的外号。高考升学的压力是通过他加诸于女孩们身上的。他用体罚用升学对学生们人生重大意义这样的大道理维护他的权威与理念，禁锢孩子们向往欢乐与外面世界的心。班主任和校长等一批貌似开明的教育者计划在毕业前举办一个快乐的毕业舞会。他们欢庆一年工作的结束。或许数学老师是古板不近人情的，禁锢了年轻的欲望。但至少他还坚守着一分责任和使命感，我们可以不喜欢他，却没法恨他。而这些人却只剩下玩世不恭与轻浮。年轻的班主任致力于经营自己甜蜜的爱情，校长和另一些老师们在会议上跳起了“迪斯科”或者贴面舞，争论哪一种舞姿更新潮。他们完全被外面的繁华与声色俘虏了。外面的世界同样冲击着这些年轻的心灵，女生们也活在这样的世界里。但是她们还没来得及弄明白这世界，没人引导她们，她们堕落了，绝望了。影片让观者感到了失望，对教育者的失望，对充斥着欲望与诱惑的世界的失望。影片也让人感到了绝望，青春的绝望，这绝望中有杜丽娘“似这般姹紫嫣红开遍，都付于断井残垣”的青春被压抑的苦闷，也有面对外面世界没有善恶的诱惑而不可抵挡的由纯洁接受恶与复杂的绝望。青春是美丽的。但是高中的世界，面对升学或踏入社会的时刻，青春能准备好吗？准备好面对压力，准备好抵挡诱惑中的恶了吗？没有引导，大人同样面对诱惑与急速的旋转而不能自持。于是影片中的青春只好堕落只好绝望。救救孩子，还是救救我们自己？世界在诱惑中让人沉闷让人无奈，除了青春还能有什么是美的？但是青春已经绝望。\n失身基本信息 \n时间：2006年；语 言：韩语；字幕：中文字幕；影片简介：2006年暑期最具争议的校园艳情性喜剧《失身》；本剧从一个个发人深醒故事中，让人们认识到韩国校园的另类的生活，认识到校园中学生的迷茫，甚至是无奈……\n\n你了解过韩国电影《失身》吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，我了解这部电影。它是一部描述了高中女生在面对高考升学的压力以及社会诱惑时，所产生的矛盾和绝望的剧情电影，是一部具有争议的校园艳情性喜剧。" + "是的，我了解这部电影。它是一部描述了高中女生在面对高考升学的压力以及社会诱惑时，所产生的矛盾和绝望的剧情电影，是一部具有争议的校园艳情性喜剧。" ], [ "那这部电影的主题是什么呢？", @@ -188424,11 +188424,11 @@ { "instruction": "好的，我马上去看看这个剧。谢谢你。", "input": "", - "output": "不谢，Human。如果你还有其他问题需要我解答，随时欢迎来问。", + "output": "不谢。如果你还有其他问题需要我解答，随时欢迎来问。", "history": [ [ "合欢\n《合欢》是一部由夏刚执导的、高春丽、张小欢、王治懿 编剧的、以当代都市为题材的电视剧。\n中文名\n合欢\n导 演\n夏刚\n \n合欢基本信息 \n报备机构：天津电视台电视剧制作中心 2008年01月 许可证号：甲第060号编剧题材集数拍摄 日期制作周期联合制作机构高春丽张小欢王治懿当代都市302008.34个月天津市金色十二月文化传媒有限公司\n合欢内容提要 \n上世纪七十年代，张、吕两家一同下放到北方农村。吕家长子吕达齐与张家独女张平平，从小青梅竹马，在共同的学习工作中感情日益深厚。吕家收养的弃婴惠心从小倍受呵护，对大哥达齐产生了依恋和爱慕之情。然而命运弄人，张平平违心嫁给了心怀不轨的“救父恩人”田小让后，被抛弃。惠心向大哥达齐示爱被拒绝，随生父远走他乡。吕达齐不顾世俗偏见接受了平平和她的女儿，组成了幸福家庭，并继承平平父亲的遗志，发展中药种植基地。进入新世纪，饱经沧桑的惠心从国外归来，回到了吕家。田小让已成为医药公司老总，利欲熏心的他计划抢夺达齐夫妻苦心经营的中药基地和他曾抛弃的女儿。张平平的身体又出现了危机，善良的达齐夫妻从此生活举步维艰。最后关头,达奇为妻子捐出了肾脏,让她的生命得以连续,合欢花盛开的时候，正义战胜了邪恶，美好的生活重新开始。\n\n我最近很喜欢看电视剧，《合欢》这个剧名听说过，你能告诉我这个剧的基本信息是什么吗？", - "当然可以啊，Human。《合欢》是一部由夏刚执导的、高春丽、张小欢、王治懿编剧的当代都市电视剧。该剧于2008年01月由天津电视台电视剧制作中心制作，并获得了甲第060号许可证。" + "当然可以啊。《合欢》是一部由夏刚执导的、高春丽、张小欢、王治懿编剧的当代都市电视剧。该剧于2008年01月由天津电视台电视剧制作中心制作，并获得了甲第060号许可证。" ], [ "你能简单说说《合欢》的内容吗？", @@ -188887,7 +188887,7 @@ "history": [ [ "友尽\n友尽，网络用语，出自网络游戏《天下3》。一般是好友之间的玩笑用语，意思是友谊结束，走到了友情的尽头，少数情况下暗示可以开始情侣关系。\n中文名\n友尽\n外文名\nThe end of friendship\n含 义\n友谊结束\n出 处\n《天下3》\n \n友尽词语来源 \n“友尽”一词出自网络游戏《天下3》，意思是友谊结束，走到了友情的尽头。\n友尽引用示例 \n1、用于情侣，应用于调情，表示他们的友情结束了。2、一般应用于好友之间，多为玩笑用语。3、非一般应用于感情暧昧的男女之间，在友谊结束的同时开始爱情，此情况不易见。4、也有一说，由于日语中朋友一词为“ゆうじん”（读作yuujin），故被拟声为“友尽”。5、还有用于友谊走到了尽头，不再是朋友的意思。6、用在男女间也指表白失败后，“友情已经走到了尽头”。\n\n你好，请问你了解友尽这个词吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，友尽是一种网络用语，出自网络游戏《天下3》，它表示友谊结束，走到了友情的尽头。" + "是的，友尽是一种网络用语，出自网络游戏《天下3》，它表示友谊结束，走到了友情的尽头。" ], [ "可以举个例子，友尽这个词在什么情况下使用吗？", @@ -188914,7 +188914,7 @@ "history": [ [ "富豪\n富豪，是指一些非常富有的人。富豪为个人资产总值在5000万至10亿人民币之间，稳定年收入在100万元人民币以上的富人。相对比较注重理财，一般在他们的投资比例中，产业投资、股权投资、理财投资各占三分之一。我国经过 30 多年的高速发展，极少数人的收入快速膨胀，早已赶上和超过了发达国家的超级富豪，但是对于绝大多数居民来说，他们并没有分享到经济发展的成果，他们的收入增长远低于经济增长的幅度，尤其是低收入群体，面对不断高涨的物价与房价，生活成本和生存压力越来越大。\n中文名\n富豪\n外文名\nmagnate\n财产标准\n个人财产5000万以上\n收入标准\n稳定年收入100万以上\n分 类\n超级富豪和普通富豪\n \n富豪分类 \n富豪分成两类，超级富豪和普通富豪。个人资产包括固定资产（如房屋、土地）和流动资产（如现金等）。普通富豪是个人资产总值在1000万到1亿元人民币之间的人，他们年收入在100万人民币以上。在中国，超级富豪是那些身家超过10亿元的人，他们都不聘请专业理财公司，大多没有现金，只拥有实体公司，现金多用于业务扩展，在产业扩展中实现回报。投资对快速扩展业务的他们而言也是不合适的，扩展需要钱，若从银行贷款，利息也是6%，委托别人理财，才6%到8%，还不如用自己的钱做扩展。\n富豪标准 \n个人资产（不止是现金，包括个人拥有的房产、汽车的市场价值总和）在5000万元人民币以上，稳定年收入在100万人民币以上才能算“富豪”“富豪”是个动态的概念，根据经济社会的发展水平，其标准也在不断提高，过去一百万元就算是富豪了。根据实践标准，胡润联合中国银行私人银行日前发布《2011中国私人财富管理白皮书》，年收入在50万元以上的净值人群才能算作“富豪”。\n富豪特质\n\n你好，我想了解一下富豪的分类。", - "嗨，Human。根据个人资产总值和年收入，富豪可以分为两类：普通富豪和超级富豪。普通富豪的个人资产总值在1000万到1亿元人民币之间，年收入在100万人民币以上。而超级富豪则是那些身家超过10亿元的人。" + "嗨。根据个人资产总值和年收入，富豪可以分为两类：普通富豪和超级富豪。普通富豪的个人资产总值在1000万到1亿元人民币之间，年收入在100万人民币以上。而超级富豪则是那些身家超过10亿元的人。" ], [ "那么，如何定义一个人是富豪呢？", @@ -189441,11 +189441,11 @@ "history": [ [ "宕机\n宕机是计算机术语，口语里面我们简单的把停掉机器叫做down机，转换为汉字是“宕机”，但很多人都叫做“当机”/“死机”，虽然不规范但却流行。宕机，指操作系统无法从一个严重系统错误中恢复过来，或系统硬件层面出问题，以致系统长时间无响应，而不得不重新启动计算机的现象。它属于电脑运作的一种正常现象，任何电脑都会出现这种情况。\n中文名\n宕机\n外文名\ncrash,down\n同义词\n当机、死机\n原 因\n内核错误（kernel panic）\n释 义\n操作系统内核无法恢复的严重故障\n \n同义词\n电脑死机一般指宕机\n \n宕机释义 \n口语里面我们简单的把停掉机器叫做down机，转换为汉字是“宕机”，但很多人都叫做“当机”，虽然不规范但却流行。down就是up的反义，就是电脑不能正常工作了，包括一些原因而导致出现的死机。（1）一般情况下指的就是计算机主机出现意外故障而死机。（2）其次，一些服务器例如数据库死锁也可以称为宕机，一些服务器的某些服务挂掉了，就可以这么说。如今的计算机已经接近全面普及的程度了，它给人们在工作和学习上提供了极大的方便，不过，计算机的“蓝屏”对于普通的计算机用户来说，却成为了一个解不开、挣不脱的烦恼。每当在计算机开机时、或启动操作系统时、或使用一些应用程序时、或正准备退出操作系统时，“蓝屏”这头“猛兽”随时都可能迎面扑来。那么，怎么做才能避免计算机“蓝屏”的烦恼呢?下面，笔者就根据导致“蓝屏”的原因和预防的方法分为几点给大家介绍一下，希望下面的文章能给遇到此类问题的朋友一些帮助。\n宕机蓝屏原因 \nBIOS设置不当冲突品质故障系统文件遭破坏散热不良错误操作CPU超频劣质零部件其他主板滤波电容\n宕机黑屏原因 \n显示器自身故障引起的黑屏故障主要是由以下几种原因引起的：1．交流电源功率不足外部电源功率不足，造成一些老显示器或一些耗电功率大的显示器不能正常启动，是显示器自身故障引起的黑屏故障原因之一。或者外部电源电压不稳定，过高过低都可能造成显示器不工作。2．电源开关电路损坏显示器开关电路出现故障是引起显示器黑屏故障的主要成因。简单的如电源开关损坏或者内部短路；常见的如开关管损坏或其外围电路元器件出现损坏等等。3．行输出电路的损坏行输出电路或显像管及其供电电路出现故障也是引起显示器黑屏故障的主要成因。特别是高压包的损坏在一些使用多年或品质较劣的杂牌显示器中造成无显示黑屏故障更为常见。\n宕机实例\n\n我今天打开电脑后，屏幕一直黑屏，无法正常启动系统。你能告诉我这是什么原因吗？", - "你好，Human。根据你所描述的情况，可能是由于显示器自身故障引起的黑屏故障。这种故障可能由电源功率不足、电源开关电路损坏、行输出电路的损坏等多种因素造成。你可以尝试检查一下这些方面，或者联系专业维修人员进行排除故障。" + "根据你所描述的情况，可能是由于显示器自身故障引起的黑屏故障。这种故障可能由电源功率不足、电源开关电路损坏、行输出电路的损坏等多种因素造成。你可以尝试检查一下这些方面，或者联系专业维修人员进行排除故障。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那如果我想避免计算机宕机（crash）的情况，有什么方法可以预防呢？", - "很好的问题，Human。避免计算机宕机需要注意以下几个方面：首先，要及时维护好你的计算机，例如清理灰尘、更换散热器、及时更新驱动等等。其次，要避免电脑中毒，需要安装好杀毒软件，并及时更新病毒库。此外，还需要避免安装危险的程序或应用，避免频繁更改系统配置等等，这些都会增加计算机宕机的风险。最后，对于一些过老且没有维护的计算机，可以考虑及时升级配置，以提升计算机运行的稳定性和速度。" + "很好的问题。避免计算机宕机需要注意以下几个方面：首先，要及时维护好你的计算机，例如清理灰尘、更换散热器、及时更新驱动等等。其次，要避免电脑中毒，需要安装好杀毒软件，并及时更新病毒库。此外，还需要避免安装危险的程序或应用，避免频繁更改系统配置等等，这些都会增加计算机宕机的风险。最后，对于一些过老且没有维护的计算机，可以考虑及时升级配置，以提升计算机运行的稳定性和速度。" ], [ "非常感谢你的建议。另外，如果我遇到了计算机宕机（crash）的情况，怎么办呢？", @@ -190030,7 +190030,7 @@ "history": [ [ "龙门外传\n《龙门外传》是赠小闲创作的网络小说，发表于17K小说网。\n中文名\n龙门外传\n作 者\n赠小闲\n类 型\n网络小说\n连载平台\n17K小说网\n 作品简介一个叫做李风的黄毛小贼去龙门(地名)避避风头。因为他没有认识的人只好住在当镇的一个知名客栈—龙门客栈。这一避就是整整三年,李风也改了名字叫做李堂,在这三年里他明白了个道理:做人就要一人做事,一人当。他也非常想去自首可是他深爱着店掌柜—圣依终于在第三年的大年三十他去报案自首,可龙门衙门根本不相信他,无论他怎么说衙门的人都不相信他,都说:李风早在三年前被抓了,现在还在牢里喊冤呢,哈哈.想知道怎么回事吗?敬请期待本书。\n\n你好啊。能否给我讲讲《龙门外传》这本小说的故事背景？", - "当然可以，Human。《龙门外传》这本小说的故事背景是发生在一个名叫龙门的地方。主人公李风是一个小贼，为了逃避追捕只好藏在了龙门客栈。这个故事主要讲述了李风在龙门客栈生活的三年时光中的冒险故事和他如何意识到做人的价值和责任的故事。" + "《龙门外传》这本小说的故事背景是发生在一个名叫龙门的地方。主人公李风是一个小贼，为了逃避追捕只好藏在了龙门客栈。这个故事主要讲述了李风在龙门客栈生活的三年时光中的冒险故事和他如何意识到做人的价值和责任的故事。" ], [ "真有趣！那么，请告诉我，李风最终是否能自首呢？", @@ -192934,7 +192934,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天野阳菜\n天野阳菜，日本新海诚执导的动画电影《天气之子》及其衍生作品中的女主角。她是一名住在东京的中学生，拥有改变天气的能力，在母亲去世后与弟弟天野凪相依为命。机缘巧合下认识了离家出走的森岛帆高，在帆高的帮助下改变了作为晴女被祭天的命运。并于三年后与他再次相遇。\n中文名\n天野阳菜\n外文名\n天野 陽菜\n别 名\n阳菜、晴女\n配 音\n森七菜（ 日本·日语）、杨鸣（中国·普通话）\n性 别\n女\n登场作品\n日本动画电影《天气之子》及其衍生作品\n年 龄\n15岁\n特殊能力\n控制天气\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n天野阳菜角色形象 \n天野阳菜身份背景\n从一年前母亲因病去世后开始，就与正在读小学的弟弟天野凪共同生活\n。为了生存，谎报年龄（18岁）出去打工。曾经在麦当劳任职，后因年龄造假被开除\n。曾被风俗店星探看中，后被帆高及时制止并救下\n。在母亲住院期间为她祈祷，偶然获得了改变天气的能力，雨水会随着她合拢的双手返回天空\n。\n天野阳菜相貌衣着\n \n阳菜(2张)\n 一头黑色的头发，左右两边各自扎着一条马尾，穿着一件粉色的连衣裙和一件有连杉帽的白色无袖上衣，上衣上脖子上戴着母亲留下来的一条项链。帆高来到她家中时，她身着一件黄色的无袖上衣和绿色的短裤，衣服中件有一只白鸟的图案，图案上方有一条白色的系带。她和帆高为人祈祷晴天时穿着白色上衣和黑色短裤\n。\n天野阳菜性格特点\n阳菜有着温柔的性格，善于照顾人，在帆高困窘时，还为他送去食物\n。她虽然才15岁，但是看起来相当成熟，曾被顾客认为是大学生\n。阳菜直率、善良，在帆高一时冲动开枪的时候会毫不犹豫的大骂他，但是也会在帆高把手枪丢到后蹲在他旁边感谢他帮助\n。\n天野阳菜角色生活 \n公寓位于城郊充满杂乱气息的住宅区里。阳菜的公寓就在其中一个小角落，在京滨东北线与山手线交汇处附近，位于地势偏高的地方。外墙上缠绕着爬山虎，不难看出这座建筑物历经岁月。\n画功她的画工不是很好，画的青蛙曾被帆高认为是河马\n。能力她有着不可思议的力量，闭上眼睛，合拢双手祈祷就可以使天空放晴。\n天野阳菜人际关系\n\n你好，我想了解一下天野阳菜的身份背景。", - "你好，Human。天野阳菜是《天气之子》中的女主角，是一位住在东京的中学生，她在母亲去世后与弟弟天野凪相依为命。为了生计，她曾谎报年龄出去打工，但被开除。她也曾被风俗店星探看中，但被帆高及时制止并救下。同时，因为一次偶然的经历，她获得了控制天气的能力。" + "天野阳菜是《天气之子》中的女主角，是一位住在东京的中学生，她在母亲去世后与弟弟天野凪相依为命。为了生计，她曾谎报年龄出去打工，但被开除。她也曾被风俗店星探看中，但被帆高及时制止并救下。同时，因为一次偶然的经历，她获得了控制天气的能力。" ], [ "那么天野阳菜的能力是如何获得的呢？", @@ -194510,7 +194510,7 @@ "history": [ [ "就在一瞬间\n《就在一瞬间》是王渠演唱的歌曲，由王渠作曲作词，收录于专辑《就在一瞬间》。 \n中文名\n就在一瞬间\n所属专辑\n就在一瞬间\n歌曲原唱\n王渠\n发行日期\n2020年7月18日\n 歌曲歌词就在一瞬间 往事在浮现年少时的梦 已随风飘远无力的双眼 现实被击穿悲情在上演 那苍茫的天人生在寻找 归宿的方向青春已逝去 悄悄的幻想前方路漫长 还要去流浪老去那一天 我会在何方一年又一年 流逝的容颜曾经的遗憾 梦中那张脸无力的誓言 易碎的诗篇人生多少事 在爱恨之间繁华的城市 宁静的乡间走了去又还 痴痴的留恋泪水在蔓延 心头在浮现老去那一天 谁在谁身边人生在寻找 归宿的方向青春已逝去 悄悄的幻想前方路漫长 还要去流浪老去那一天 我会在何方老去那一天 我会在何方\n\n你好，请告诉我《就在一瞬间》是谁演唱的？", - "你好，Human，《就在一瞬间》是王渠演唱的一首歌曲。这首歌是由王渠亲自作曲作词，向人们传达了一种对往事回忆和人生感悟的情感。希望这个答案对你有帮助。" + "《就在一瞬间》是王渠演唱的一首歌曲。这首歌是由王渠亲自作曲作词，向人们传达了一种对往事回忆和人生感悟的情感。希望这个答案对你有帮助。" ], [ "这首歌曲所属的专辑名是什么？", @@ -196284,7 +196284,7 @@ "history": [ [ "碳酸氢钠\n碳酸氢钠（sodium bicarbonate），分子式为NaHCO₃，是一种无机化合物，呈白色结晶性粉末，无臭，味碱，易溶于水。在潮湿空气或热空气中即缓慢分解，产生二氧化碳，加热至270℃完全分解。遇酸则强烈分解，产生二氧化碳。\n碳酸氢钠在分析化学、无机合成、工业生产、农牧业生产等方面有较为广泛的应用。\n中文名\n碳酸氢钠\n外文名\nsodium bicarbonate\n别 名\n小苏打，重碳酸钠，酸式碳酸钠\n化学式\nNaHCO₃\n分子量\n84.01\nCAS登录号\n144-55-8\nEINECS登录号\n205-633-8\n水溶性\n溶于水，不溶于乙醇\n密 度\n2.20 g/cm³\n外 观\n白色晶体，或不透明单斜晶系细微结晶\n安全性描述\nS24/25\n \n同义词\n小苏打一般指碳酸氢钠\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n碳酸氢钠理化性质 \n碳酸氢钠物理性质\n碳酸氢钠是白色晶体，或不透明单斜晶系细微结晶，无臭、味微咸而性凉，易溶于水及甘油，不溶于乙醇。在水中溶解度为7.8 g（18 ℃）、16.0 g（60 ℃），密度2.20 g/cm，比重为2.208，折射率为α：1.465；β：1.498；γ：1.504，标准熵24.4 J/(mol·K)，生成热229.3 kJ/mol，溶解热4.33 kJ/mol，比热容（Cp）20.89 J/(mol·°C)(22 °C)。 \n碳酸氢钠化学性质\n酸碱性碳酸氢钠的水溶液因水解而呈弱碱性：HCO3+H2O⇌H2CO3+OH，0.8%的水溶液pH值为8.3。\n与酸反应碳酸氢钠可以和酸反应，例如碳酸氢钠和盐酸反应：NaHCO3+ HCl=NaCl+CO2↑+H2O。\n与碱反应碳酸氢钠可以和碱反应，例如碳酸氢钠和氢氧化钠反应：NaHCO3+ NaOH=Na2CO3+H2O；和氢氧化钙反应时，若碳酸氢钠足量，有：2NaHCO3+ Ca (OH)2=CaCO3↓ + Na2CO3+2H2O；若碳酸氢钠少量，有：NaHCO3+ Ca (OH)2=CaCO3↓ + NaOH+H2O。\n与盐反应1.碳酸氢钠能与氯化铝和氯酸铝发生双水解，生成氢氧化铝、钠盐和二氧化碳，化学方程式分别为：3NaHCO3+AlCl3=Al(OH)3↓+3NaCl+3CO2↑；3NaHCO3+AlClO3=Al(OH)3↓+3NaClO3+3CO2↑。\n\n你好，请问碳酸氢钠有什么常见的用途？", - "你好，Human！碳酸氢钠常见的用途包括分析化学、无机合成、工业生产以及农牧业生产等方面。它可用作食品添加剂，如糕点发酵剂、酸度调节剂等。此外，碳酸氢钠还可以用来研制消防产品、医药领域的疗效药剂以及作为水处理剂帮助去除水中的氯和重金属等。其广泛的应用使得碳酸氢钠成为了一种非常实用的化学物质。" + "碳酸氢钠常见的用途包括分析化学、无机合成、工业生产以及农牧业生产等方面。它可用作食品添加剂，如糕点发酵剂、酸度调节剂等。此外，碳酸氢钠还可以用来研制消防产品、医药领域的疗效药剂以及作为水处理剂帮助去除水中的氯和重金属等。其广泛的应用使得碳酸氢钠成为了一种非常实用的化学物质。" ], [ "请告诉我碳酸氢钠的水溶性和溶解度。", @@ -196574,11 +196574,11 @@ { "instruction": "非常感谢你的回答和建议。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！我很高兴能帮助你解答问题。如果你有其他疑问或需要帮助，请随时联系我。祝你健康快乐！", + "output": "不客气！我很高兴能帮助你解答问题。如果你有其他疑问或需要帮助，请随时联系我。祝你健康快乐！", "history": [ [ "心梗支架\n随着我国人民的生活水平不断提高，饮食结构也在发生改变，直接导致了心血管疾病的发病率不断上升，其死亡率有可能超过恶性肿瘤成为第一。以往我国在冠心病的治疗方面主要是内科药物的保守治疗，以控制症状、缓解心绞痛、减少心肌梗塞发生为目的，但不能真正改善患者心肌的缺血状况。近年来随着我国的改革开放及患者对治疗的要求不断提高，冠心病的外科治疗既冠状动脉搭桥手术，越来越受到重视。\n 冠状动脉搭桥手术外科治疗冠状动脉狭窄的方法，即冠状动脉搭桥术，是将一条血管从患者自己身上取下来，一端缝合在冠状动脉狭窄的远端，另一端缝合在主动脉上。血液从主动脉通过所搭的桥到阻塞的冠状动脉远端。搭桥术后缺血的心肌重新建立起良好的血液供应。对有心绞痛的患者，如稳定性心绞痛经内科治疗无效，又明显影响劳动、生活能力，对不稳定性心绞痛经内科治疗无效的，或变异性心绞痛伴中一重度冠脉阻塞病变，药物治疗、无效的，或者心梗后心绞痛，以上患者造影证实为左主干或多支血管有明显狭窄或阻塞的，应行外科搭桥手术。心梗支架后注意事项：1)坚决戒烟;2)低盐,低脂饮食;3)不能情绪激动;4)适当运动,以散步为主,每天半至一小时;5)注意血压变化,定期(三个月)复查心电图;6)注意冷暖,有病及时就医;如此可保持健康,延续生命!\n\n在冠心病治疗方面的外科治疗主要有哪些方法？", - "你好，Human！根据上述信息，在冠心病的外科治疗方面，主要方法是冠状动脉搭桥手术。冠状动脉搭桥术是一种治疗冠状动脉狭窄的方法，它利用患者自己的血管作为“桥”，一端缝合在狭窄的冠状动脉远端，另一端缝合在主动脉上。如此一来，血液可以从主动脉通过所搭的桥到达阻塞的冠状动脉远端，重新建立起良好的血液供应，改善心肌缺血状况。对于某些经内科治疗无效的心绞痛患者，该手术可以显著改善生活质量和恢复正常活动。" + "根据上述信息，在冠心病的外科治疗方面，主要方法是冠状动脉搭桥手术。冠状动脉搭桥术是一种治疗冠状动脉狭窄的方法，它利用患者自己的血管作为“桥”，一端缝合在狭窄的冠状动脉远端，另一端缝合在主动脉上。如此一来，血液可以从主动脉通过所搭的桥到达阻塞的冠状动脉远端，重新建立起良好的血液供应，改善心肌缺血状况。对于某些经内科治疗无效的心绞痛患者，该手术可以显著改善生活质量和恢复正常活动。" ], [ "谁适合进行冠状动脉搭桥手术？", @@ -197356,7 +197356,7 @@ "history": [ [ "花瓣\n《花びら》译为《花瓣》，是由リリィ、さよなら。演唱的日语歌曲\n中文名\n花瓣\n外文名\n花びら\n所属专辑\nどうして君は世界で一人 (为何你孤处于世)\n歌曲时长\n04:24\n发行时间\n2016年6月22日\n歌曲原唱\nリリィ、さよなら。\n填 词\nヒロキ\n谱 曲\nヒロキ\n编 曲\nヒロキ\n音乐风格\npop\n歌曲语言\n日语\n \n花瓣简介 \n《花びら》译为《花瓣》，是由リリィ、さよなら。演唱的日语歌曲，收入其专辑どうして君は世界で一人 (为何你孤处于世)中。\n花瓣歌词 \n花瓣日语歌词\n花びら - リリィ、さよなら。词：ヒロキ曲：ヒロキ青春の花も知らぬ间に散って胸の痛みも无视していた仆のせい叶わないものがまた一つ増えては抱きしめた梦が腕の中で息を引き取る嘘ばっかついて大人になった谁より子供な仆花びらのように渗んでいく景色その向こうで笑う君の名を叫ぶただ揺れて幻今日もまた朝が来る最近は毎日くたびれているよずいぶん前から消化するだけの人生うらやんでばっかで気づけなかった爱してくれた人达花びらのように降り积もる後悔その中で今も君を探してる忘れちゃう温もり今日がまた终わっていく何もない仆でもここにある想い花びらのように仆に降り积もる悲しみと後悔これからもずっと花びらのように渗んでいく景色その向こうへひとり歩いていくからただ揺れて幻今日もまた朝が来る君のいない朝が来る\n花瓣中文翻译\n青春之花不知不觉间凋零是无视了内心伤痛得我的过错未能实现的愿望又增加了一个怀抱的梦想就在臂腕之中咽下最后一口气说着谎言成为了大人比任何人都幼稚的我像花瓣一样 渗入景色在那对面 微笑着喊着你的名字只是摇摆着幻影在今天早晨也来临最近每天都疲惫不堪在很久之前开始一直领悟人生只是在羡慕所以从未察觉到爱着我的人们像花瓣一样 散落堆积的后悔在那之中如今也还一直寻找着你彻底忘记的温暖今天依然会结束即使是一无所有的我 这里还留有思念像花瓣一样散落堆积着我悲伤和后悔今后也会一直像花瓣一样 渗入景色向着前方一个人大步走去只是摇摆着幻影在今天早晨也来临没有你的早晨来临\n\n你好，请问《花瓣》这首歌是由哪些歌手演唱的？", - "你好，Human！《花瓣》（日语名《花びら》）这首歌是由リリィ、さよなら。演唱的。这是一首日语歌曲，由ヒロキ负责词曲和编曲。" + "《花瓣》（日语名《花びら》）这首歌是由リリィ、さよなら。演唱的。这是一首日语歌曲，由ヒロキ负责词曲和编曲。" ], [ "《花瓣》这首歌的发行时间是什么时候？", @@ -197497,7 +197497,7 @@ { "instruction": "杰克·凯鲁亚克美国“垮掉的一代”的代表人物\n杰克·凯鲁亚克（Jack Kerouac，1922～1969），美国作家，美国“垮掉的一代”的代表人物。他的主要作品有自传体小说《在路上》、《达摩流浪者》、《荒凉天使》、《孤独旅者》等。\n1922年3月12日，凯鲁亚克出生于马萨诸塞州洛厄尔，父母为法裔美国人，他是家中幼子。他曾在当地天主教和公立学校就读，以橄榄球奖学金入纽约哥伦比亚大学，结识爱伦·金斯堡、威廉·巴勒斯和尼尔·卡萨迪等“垮掉的一代”。大学二年级退学从事文学创作，并辗转于美国海军和商用航运公司等处。1950年，第一部小说《乡镇和城市》出版。1957年的《在路上》问世后，他成为“垮掉的一代”的代言人。他还著有《达摩流浪者》、《地下人》、《孤独的旅人》和《孤独天使》等作品。1969年10月21日，在佛罗里达圣彼得堡去世，享年47岁。\n中文名\n杰克·凯鲁亚克\n外文名\nJack Kerouac\n国 籍\n美国\n出生地\n美国马萨诸塞州洛厄尔城\n出生日期\n1922年3月12日\n逝世日期\n1969年10月21日\n毕业院校\n哥伦比亚大学\n职 业\n小说家\n代表作品\n《在路上》、《贩毒者》等\n \n同义词\n凯鲁亚克（凯鲁亚克）一般指杰克·凯鲁亚克\n \n杰克·凯鲁亚克人物经历\n\n请问杰克·凯鲁亚克是哪个国家的作家？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。杰克·凯鲁亚克是美国的一位作家，他是美国“垮掉的一代”的代表人物。这个代表人物指的是在上世纪五六十年代，因反抗传统价值观、追求个人解放的一代年轻人。通过回答这个问题你可以了解到他的国籍和所代表的文化背景。", + "output": "杰克·凯鲁亚克是美国的一位作家，他是美国“垮掉的一代”的代表人物。这个代表人物指的是在上世纪五六十年代，因反抗传统价值观、追求个人解放的一代年轻人。通过回答这个问题你可以了解到他的国籍和所代表的文化背景。", "history": [] }, { @@ -197671,7 +197671,7 @@ "history": [ [ "罗纳尔多·路易斯·纳扎里奥·达·利马1976年出生的前巴西足球运动员\n罗纳尔多·路易斯·纳扎里奥·达·利马（Ronaldo Luiz Nazario De Lima），1976年9月18日出生在巴西里约热内卢，前巴西职业足球运动员，司职前锋，现为巴拉多利德足球俱乐部以及克鲁塞罗足球俱乐部老板。\n罗纳尔多青少年时期成名于克鲁塞罗，1996、1997、2002年三度当选世界足球先生，1994年、2002年两次夺得世界杯冠军，1998年当选世界杯最佳球员，2002年荣获世界杯金靴奖，2010年荣获巴西传奇巨星奖。 罗纳尔多的欧洲足球生涯始于埃因霍温，此后先后效力过巴塞罗那、国际米兰、皇家马德里以及AC米兰四支豪门球队，共夺得1次西甲冠军奖杯，1次欧洲联盟杯、1次欧洲优胜者杯、 1次西班牙国王杯以及2次西班牙超级杯冠军奖杯。\n2011年2月14日，罗纳尔多因伤宣布退役。\n2018年，罗纳尔多成为巴拉多利德足球俱乐部的老板。\n2021年12月，罗纳尔多成为母队克鲁塞罗足球俱乐部的老板。\n中文名\n罗纳尔多·路易斯·纳扎里奥·达·利马\n外文名\nRonaldo Luiz Nazario De Lima\n别 名\n外星人、大罗、罗尼、肥罗\n国 籍\n巴西\n出生地\n巴西里约热内卢\n出生日期\n1976年9月18日\n身 高\n180 cm\n体 重\n98 公斤\n运动项目\n足球\n所属运动队\n巴拉多利德足球俱乐部、克鲁塞罗足球俱乐部 \n专业特点\n力量速度技术嗅觉为一体的前锋\n主要奖项\n荷甲最佳射手（1995）\n西甲最佳射手（1997、2004）\n世界足球先生（1996、1997、2002）\n欧洲金球奖（1997、2002）\n南美足球先生（2003） 展开 \n主要奖项\n荷甲最佳射手（1995）\n西甲最佳射手（1997、2004）\n世界足球先生（1996、1997、2002）\n欧洲金球奖（1997、2002）\n南美足球先生（2003）\n世界杯最佳射手（2002）\n欧洲金靴奖（1997）\n美洲杯金靴奖（1999）\n法国金足奖（2006）\n世界杯冠军（1994、2002）\n美洲杯冠军（1997、1999）\n1届联合会杯冠军（1997）\n1993年 巴西杯冠军\n1993年 南美超级杯冠军\n1994年 巴西米内罗洲赛冠军\n1995年 荷兰杯冠军\n1996年 西班牙足球超杯冠军\n1997年 西班牙国王杯冠军\n1997年 欧洲优胜者杯冠军\n\n你好，请问罗纳尔多的全名是什么？", - "你好，Human！罗纳尔多的全名是罗纳尔多·路易斯·纳扎里奥·达·利马（Ronaldo Luiz Nazario De Lima）。他是一位前巴西职业足球运动员，现在已经退役。" + "罗纳尔多的全名是罗纳尔多·路易斯·纳扎里奥·达·利马（Ronaldo Luiz Nazario De Lima）。他是一位前巴西职业足球运动员，现在已经退役。" ], [ "罗纳尔多在欧洲效力过哪些球队？", @@ -198078,7 +198078,7 @@ "history": [ [ "捷径\n《捷径》是由马特·沃尔什执导，丽兹·卡潘、艾德·赫尔姆斯主演的喜剧片，该片于2012年3月6日在美国正式上映。影片讲述了一个毒贩、音乐家和他怀孕女友乱七八糟的生活为主线的故事。\n中文名\n捷径\n外文名\nHigh Road\n别 名\nHigh Way\n出品时间\n2011年4月（纽波特海滩国际电影节）\n出品公司\nNorthern Lights Films\n制片地区\n美国\n导 演\n马特·沃尔什\n编 剧\n马特·沃尔什，Josh Weiner\n制片人\nJeff Schlossman，马特·沃尔什，George Whitman，Inman Young\n类 型\n喜剧\n主 演\n丽兹·卡潘、艾德·赫尔姆斯、艾比·艾略特、罗伯·里格尔\n片 长\n87分钟\n上映时间\n2012年3月6日（美国）\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\nimdb编码\ntt1692084\n \n捷径剧情简介 \n \n电影剧照(16张)\n 这是一段嗑药嗨大发的旅程，故事以一个毒贩、音乐家和他怀孕女友乱七八糟的路上生活为主线。\n捷径演职员表 \n捷径演员表\n \n \n丽兹·卡潘 饰 Sheila\n \n \n艾德·赫尔姆斯 饰 Barry\n \n \n艾比·艾略特 饰 Monica\n \n \n罗伯·里格尔 饰 James Malone Sr.\n \n \nHoratio Sanz 饰 Doctor\n \n \nJoe Lo Truglio 饰 Officer Fogerty\n \n \n凯尔·加斯 饰 Winter Wierdo\n \n \nAndrew Daly 饰 Mr. Doobin(as Andy Daly)\n扎克·伍兹Zach Woods 饰 Tommy\n \n \nMatt L. Jones 饰 Richie\nJoe Nunez 饰 Ramón\nRich Fulcher 饰 Arnie\n \n \n迪伦·奥布莱恩 饰 Jimmy\n \n \nSeth Morris 饰 Berlin Bartender\nBrandon Johnson 饰 Cab Driver\n \n \nMorgan Vukovic 饰 Prostitute(as Morgan Walsh)\nCurtis Gwinn 饰 Tow Truck Driver\nJames Pumphrey 饰 Fitz\n \n \nMichael Coleman 饰 Bakersfield Bouncer\nPatrick M. Walsh 饰 Cop#1\n\n请告诉我一部2012年上映的喜剧片及其剧情简介。", - "你好，Human！一部2012年上映的喜剧片是《捷径》（High Road），这部电影是由马特·沃尔什执导，丽兹·卡潘、艾德·赫尔姆斯等人主演的。《捷径》讲述了一个毒贩、音乐家和他怀孕女友乱七八糟的生活为主线的故事。这是一段荒诞又幽默的旅程。" + "一部2012年上映的喜剧片是《捷径》（High Road），这部电影是由马特·沃尔什执导，丽兹·卡潘、艾德·赫尔姆斯等人主演的。《捷径》讲述了一个毒贩、音乐家和他怀孕女友乱七八糟的生活为主线的故事。这是一段荒诞又幽默的旅程。" ], [ "请问《捷径》的导演和编剧分别是谁？", @@ -198887,7 +198887,7 @@ "history": [ [ "我在那个角落患过伤风\n《只能谈情，不能说爱》是一本小说，也是一张小说配乐概念唱片，由香港作家 & DJ — Wasabi 撰写，并与陈光荣合作为它配了乐。\n 歌曲：我在那个角落患过伤风歌手：陈绮贞　该歌出自《只能谈情，不能说爱》。这首歌全长1：52，歌词只有一个单词darling.我在那个角落患过伤风伤风一早以痊愈然而记忆留下的伤痕却难以抚平总有一些歌一些音乐会出现在一个特定既场景有很多音乐自己喜欢虽不被旁人认同你喜欢它或许是仅仅是因为它在那一刻及时出现在你的生命中即使伤风已经过去当你再经过那一个角落你仍会记得那一种痛即使爱情已经过去当你再经过一起走过的路你仍会记得那一天阳光或雨水的味道即使蜻蜓只是路过当我飞过熟悉或陌生地方或人群我仍然记得我在那一角落患过伤风...........\n\n请问《只能谈情，不能说爱》是由谁撰写的？", - "你好，Human！《只能谈情，不能说爱》这本小说是由香港作家和DJ——Wasabi撰写的。" + "《只能谈情，不能说爱》这本小说是由香港作家和DJ——Wasabi撰写的。" ], [ "谢谢！我想了解一下这个小说的背景音乐是由谁创作的？", @@ -198960,7 +198960,7 @@ "history": [ [ "消防工程师职业名称\n中文名\n消防工程师\n外文名\nFPE\n等 级\n三种等级\n发证机构\n人社部与公安部消防局\n报考最低要求\n工程师专业技术职务\n对口专业\n消防工程技术\n核心课程\n建筑电气控制技术等\n基本信息\n消防工程师报考系列 \n报考消防工程师系列，最对口的专业是消防工程技术。其核心课程，包括建筑电气控制技术、消防燃烧学、建筑防火设计原理、通风与防排烟技术、建筑消防给水工程、火灾监控系统设计与施工、常用灭火系统的设计与施工技术、消防技术装备等。就业领域，是工业与民用建筑消防系统的设计、施工，智能大厦、工厂消防系统的运行和维护，企事业单位消防管理，消防行政部门管理部门。\n消防工程师职业等级 \n该职业资格共分三类：二级消防工程师，一级消防工程师，高级消防工程师。\n消防工程师报考条件\n\n请问消防工程师这个职业是做什么的？", - "你好，Human。消防工程师主要从事工业与民用建筑消防系统的设计、施工，智能大厦、工厂消防系统的运行和维护，企事业单位消防管理，以及消防行政部门的管理工作。他们需要掌握消防工程技术，包括建筑电气控制技术、消防燃烧学、建筑防火设计原理、通风与防排烟技术、建筑消防给水工程、火灾监控系统设计与施工、常用灭火系统的设计与施工技术、消防技术装备等方面的知识。" + "消防工程师主要从事工业与民用建筑消防系统的设计、施工，智能大厦、工厂消防系统的运行和维护，企事业单位消防管理，以及消防行政部门的管理工作。他们需要掌握消防工程技术，包括建筑电气控制技术、消防燃烧学、建筑防火设计原理、通风与防排烟技术、建筑消防给水工程、火灾监控系统设计与施工、常用灭火系统的设计与施工技术、消防技术装备等方面的知识。" ], [ "消防工程师有哪些职业等级？", @@ -199010,7 +199010,7 @@ "history": [ [ "防潮板\n防潮板就是在基材的生产过程中加入一定比例的防潮粒子，又名三聚氰胺板（基材），可使板材遇水膨胀的程度大大下降。防潮板起源于欧洲。\n中文名\n防潮板\n特 点\n加入一定比例的防潮粒子\n防潮粒子\n三聚氰胺\n适 合\n厨房家具和卫生间家具\n正规的板材\n都有明显的标记\n环保性\n三聚氢胺胶\n \n防潮板结构 \n防潮板就是在基材的生产过程中加入一定比例的防潮粒子，又名三聚氰胺板（基材），可使板材遇水膨胀的程度大大下降。一般正规的板材生产企业出品的防潮板都有明显的标记，以区别于普通板材。比如欧洲知名的爱家板就是在防潮板中掺入绿色和红色的色素，不同的颜色又表示不同的防潮性，防潮要求比较高的厨房台面板就可以选择防潮性更佳的红色板，橱柜的门板则选择绿色板材即可。将普通基材和防潮基材同时浸泡在水里，二个小时的膨胀变化，普通板的膨胀率明显高于防潮板。防潮板具有好的防潮性能，适合做厨房家具和卫生间家具。\n防潮板特征 \n确定防潮板的好坏，一般大的分成3个方面：(1)环保性：主要是指里面加的胶水是莱醛胶还是三聚氢胺胶，后者很环保，不过这个对于一般顾客来说不是很好鉴别，闻味道也是不对的，有些放得时间长，就没味道.有些长期密闭，就有味道.天气热，味道就要大很多。好点的方法就是结合检验报告和板子上的标志看，光看检验报告也是不行的，因为一个厂会出不同等级的板子，看的检验报告不一定就是这个等级的。结合板子上的等级标志看就稳当很多，一般情况下，厂家，商家可以乱介绍，开单都可以乱开，嘴巴说的可以不认帐，写在纸上的可以说搞错了，大不了重做，打在产品上就不是重做这样简单的了。（2）物理性能：比如抓合力，抗变形能力，强度等等。这个东西一般不懂的人不是很好认，一般从以下认：防潮板的颗粒不能太大，这样强度不够，也不能太小，这样可能是木屑。切开看断面（要不规则的哈，平整的看不出来），看有针状的片材多不多。（3）防潮性：这个更不好判断，只有拿不同的牌子的拿回家泡水看。\n防潮板制作方法\n\n你好，我想了解一下防潮板的特点和用途。", - "你好，Human！防潮板是一种特殊的板材，在基材生产过程中加入了一定比例的防潮粒子，又名三聚氰胺板（基材）。它具有较好的防潮性能，可以在遇水时大大降低膨胀的程度。正规的板材生产企业生产的防潮板都有明显的标记。防潮板适合制作厨房家具和卫生间家具，因为这些地方对防潮性能要求较高。" + "防潮板是一种特殊的板材，在基材生产过程中加入了一定比例的防潮粒子，又名三聚氰胺板（基材）。它具有较好的防潮性能，可以在遇水时大大降低膨胀的程度。正规的板材生产企业生产的防潮板都有明显的标记。防潮板适合制作厨房家具和卫生间家具，因为这些地方对防潮性能要求较高。" ], [ "那如何确定一款防潮板的质量呢？", @@ -199149,7 +199149,7 @@ "history": [ [ "说走就走聂诗演唱歌曲\n《说走就走》是聂诗演唱的一首歌曲，收录于专辑《天生一对·有你》中。\n中文名\n说走就走\n所属专辑\n天生一对·有你\n歌曲原唱\n聂诗\n填 词\n陈定伦\n谱 曲\n陈定伦\n编 曲\n何骏、邓梓祺\n发行日期\n2015年12月19日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n说走就走基本信息 \n唱片公司：悟空音乐专辑类别：录音室专辑\n说走就走乐曲内容 \n开着快要散了架的摩托车 迎着公路两旁数不完的椰子树一路飞啊 一路飞啊 寻梦里的归宿就像去看一场完美的电影 夕阳下的沙滩上有一个背影那么熟悉 那么熟悉 是全部的意义走吧 走吧 我们走吧走吧 走吧 这就走吧背着快要掉完漆的破相机 一路走走停停摆好姿势或随意我的青春 我的青春 留在歌声里赶着参加一场美丽的风景 看看枫叶看看飞舞的蒲公英我的快乐 那种快乐 一刻不暂停走吧 走吧 我们走吧走吧 走吧 这就走吧走一段不寻常的路 没有多少人走过经历了艰难坎坷 遇见最美丽的地方谈一段不寻常的爱 没有多少人明白不需要蜜语甜言 旅途中愿你在我身边走吧 走吧 我们走吧走吧 走吧 我们等待了太久走吧走吧 走吧走吧 走到天空的尽头走吧走吧 走吧走吧 走到大海的尽头走吧走吧 走吧走吧 走到世界的尽头走吧走吧 走吧走吧 走到生命的尽头\n\n你好，请问《说走就走》这首歌是哪位歌手演唱的？", - "你好，Human！《说走就走》这首歌是由聂诗演唱的。很高兴能回答你的问题。" + "《说走就走》这首歌是由聂诗演唱的。很高兴能回答你的问题。" ], [ "请问这首歌是在哪张专辑里？", @@ -199203,7 +199203,7 @@ "history": [ [ "兴趣\n兴趣指兴致，对事物喜好或关切的情绪。心理学家认为人们力求认识某种事物和从事某项活动的意识倾向。它表现为人们对某件事物、某项活动的选择性态度和积极的情绪反应。兴趣在人的实践活动中具有重要的意义，可以使人集中注意，产生愉快紧张的心理状态。\n中文名\n兴趣\n拼 音\nxìng qù\n基本解释\n对事物喜好或关切的情绪\n英 文\ninterest;taste\n \n兴趣词语概念 \n兴趣基本信息\n我对音乐特别感兴趣\n兴趣引证解释\n1. 兴致；由爱好、喜欢而产生的愉快情绪。唐杜甫《西枝村寻置草堂地》诗之二：“从来支许游，兴趣江湖迥。”《二刻拍案惊奇》卷十二：“大觥连饮，兴趣愈高。”毛泽东《<中国农村的社会主义高潮>的按语》十七：“这是一个很有兴趣的故事。”2. 情韵；情趣。宋严羽《沧浪诗话·诗辩》：“诗者，吟咏情性也。盛 唐 诸人惟在兴趣，羚羊挂角，无迹可求。” 元辛文房《唐才子传·张志和》：“自撰渔歌，便复画之，兴趣高远，人不能及。”\n兴趣心理学名词 \n兴趣概念\n兴趣是指一个人力求认识某种事物或从事某种活动的心理倾向。例如，一些体育迷，一谈起体育便会津津乐道，一遇到体育比赛便想一睹为快，对电视中的体育节目特别迷恋，这就是对体育有兴趣。一些老京剧票友们，总喜欢谈京剧、看京剧，一遇京剧就来劲，这就是对京剧有兴趣。中华奇石馆馆长李文科介绍：“打锣卖糖，各爱各行”，就是说人们的兴趣是多种多样、各有特色的。在实践活动中，兴趣能使人们工作目标明确，积极主动，从而能自觉克服各种艰难困苦，获取工作的最大成就，并能在活动过程中不断体验成功的愉悦。\n兴趣作用\n\n你好，请问兴趣具体是什么？", - "你好，Human。兴趣是指一个人对某种事物或活动的喜好或关切情绪。它体现为对某事物或活动的选择性态度和积极情绪反应。在心理学上，兴趣是人们力求认识某种事物和从事某项活动的意识倾向。兴趣在人的实践活动中具有重要的意义，可以使人集中注意力，产生愉快紧张的心理状态。" + "兴趣是指一个人对某种事物或活动的喜好或关切情绪。它体现为对某事物或活动的选择性态度和积极情绪反应。在心理学上，兴趣是人们力求认识某种事物和从事某项活动的意识倾向。兴趣在人的实践活动中具有重要的意义，可以使人集中注意力，产生愉快紧张的心理状态。" ], [ "那么兴趣如何影响我们的日常生活呢？", @@ -199493,7 +199493,7 @@ "history": [ [ "牙科医疗器械\n牙科医疗器械是指专供在牙科学中使用的各种小型手提式工具，在国际上称为牙科器械（dental instruments)。牙科医疗器械包括牙科手机、口腔手机灭菌器、拔牙钳、牙挺、牙挖器等手术器具、手动牙科器具、牙科旋转器具、牙科注射器具、根管器具。牙科医疗科器械的范围广，生产企业多，对应的国际组ISO/TC106 SC4专门负责这方面的标准化工作。\n中文名\n牙科医疗器械\n外文名\ndental instruments\n别 名\n牙科器械\n类 别\n各种小型手提式工具\n适用范围\n牙科\n领 域\n医学\n性 质\n机械\n包 括\n磨头等\n \n同义词\n牙科器械一般指牙科医疗器械\n \n图(1张)\n \n牙科医疗器械行业标准\n\n请问牙科医疗器械有哪些类型？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，牙科医疗器械包括以下几类：\n1. 手术器具，例如拔牙钳、牙挺、牙挖器等。\n2. 手动牙科器具\n3. 牙科旋转器具\n4. 牙科注射器具\n5. 根管器具\n此外，还包括牙科手机和口腔手机灭菌器等设备。这些器械多用于牙科领域的治疗和诊断，帮助牙医更好地为患者提供服务。" + "根据你提供的信息，牙科医疗器械包括以下几类：\n1. 手术器具，例如拔牙钳、牙挺、牙挖器等。\n2. 手动牙科器具\n3. 牙科旋转器具\n4. 牙科注射器具\n5. 根管器具\n此外，还包括牙科手机和口腔手机灭菌器等设备。这些器械多用于牙科领域的治疗和诊断，帮助牙医更好地为患者提供服务。" ], [ "牙科医疗器械有哪些主要功能？", @@ -199577,7 +199577,7 @@ "history": [ [ "无政府主义政治哲学思想\n无政府主义，又译作安那其主义，是一系列政治哲学思想。其目的在于废除政府当局与所有的政府管理机构。英语中的无政府主义“Anarchism”源于希腊语单词“αναρχία”，意思是没有统治者。所以被翻译成中文时，根据这一最基本的特征译成“无政府主义”，也有文献音译为“安那其主义”。无政府主义包含了众多哲学体系和社会运动实践。它的基本立场是反对包括政府在内的一切统治和权威，提倡个体之间的自助关系，关注个体的自由和平等；其政治诉求是消除政府以及社会上或经济上的任何独裁统治关系。对大多数无政府主义者而言，“无政府”一词并不代表混乱、虚无、或道德沦丧的状态，而是一种由自由的个体自愿结合，以建立互助、自治、反独裁主义的和谐社会。一如其他政治哲学思想，无政府主义包含不同的分支和流派。虽然他们都有着反对国家的共同特色，但却在其他议题上有着不同的立场，包括是否进行武装斗争、或以和平非暴力建立社会的问题上产生分歧，而在经济的观点上也有显著的差异，从主张财产彻底公有化的集体主义流派，至主张私人财产和自由市场的个人主义流派，政治光谱分布相当广泛。2020年9月21日，美国司法部宣布，美国纽约、波特兰和西雅图这三大城市，已被正式列为“无政府主义管辖区”。\n中文名\n无政府主义\n外文名\nAnarchism\n别 名\n安那其主义\n性 质\n政治哲学思想\n目 的\n提升个人自由及废除政府当局\n \n同义词\n安那其主义一般指无政府主义\n \n无政府主义发展情况\n\n你好，请问无政府主义是什么？", - "你好，Human！无政府主义是一系列政治哲学思想，主张废除政府当局和所有政府管理机构。它反对包括政府在内的一切统治和权威，提倡个体之间的自助关系，关注个体的自由和平等。无政府主义者追求的是一个由自由个体自愿结合而成的互助、自治、反独裁主义的和谐社会。无政府主义包含众多哲学体系和社会运动实践，存在不同的分支和流派，如集体主义流派主张财产彻底公有化，而个人主义流派则支持私人财产和自由市场。" + "无政府主义是一系列政治哲学思想，主张废除政府当局和所有政府管理机构。它反对包括政府在内的一切统治和权威，提倡个体之间的自助关系，关注个体的自由和平等。无政府主义者追求的是一个由自由个体自愿结合而成的互助、自治、反独裁主义的和谐社会。无政府主义包含众多哲学体系和社会运动实践，存在不同的分支和流派，如集体主义流派主张财产彻底公有化，而个人主义流派则支持私人财产和自由市场。" ], [ "无政府主义的历史发展情况是什么样的？", @@ -199741,7 +199741,7 @@ "history": [ [ "金刚石锯片广泛应用于混凝土、耐火材料、石材，陶瓷等硬脆材料的加工的切割工具\n金刚石锯片是一种切割工具，广泛应用于混凝土、耐火材料、石材，陶瓷等硬脆材料的加工。金刚石锯片主要由两部分组成；基体与刀头。基体是粘结刀头的主要支撑部分。而刀头则是在使用过程中起切割的部分，刀头会在使用中而不断地消耗掉，而基体则不会，刀头之所以能起切割的作用是因为其中含有金刚石，金刚石作为最硬的物质，它在刀头中摩擦切割被加工对象。而金刚石颗粒则由金属包裹在刀头内部。\n中文名\n金刚石锯片\n外文名\ndiamond saw\n本 质\n切割型金刚石工具\n用 途\n混凝土、耐火材料、石材\n组成部分\n基体与刀头\n \n金刚石锯片工艺分类 \n1、烧结金刚石锯片：分冷压烧结和热压烧结两种，压制烧结而成。2、焊接金刚石锯片：分钎焊和激光焊两种，钎焊是通过高温熔化介质将刀头与基体焊接在一起，如高频感应钎焊锯片、真空钎焊锯片等；激光焊接通过高温激光束将刀头与基体接触边缘熔化形成冶金结合。3、电镀（钎焊）金刚石锯片：是将刀头粉末通过电镀方法附着在基体上。2012年开始，国家逐步在取消电镀金刚石产品制作，主要是因为污染相当严重。\n金刚石锯片外观分类\n\n请问金刚石锯片是用来切割哪些材料的？", - "你好，Human！金刚石锯片是一种切割工具，主要用于切割混凝土、耐火材料、石材和陶瓷等硬脆材料。由于金刚石是最硬的物质，因此金刚石锯片能够高效地切割这些硬度较高的材料。" + "金刚石锯片是一种切割工具，主要用于切割混凝土、耐火材料、石材和陶瓷等硬脆材料。由于金刚石是最硬的物质，因此金刚石锯片能够高效地切割这些硬度较高的材料。" ], [ "明白了，谢谢！那金刚石锯片是由哪些部分组成的呢？", @@ -200226,7 +200226,7 @@ "history": [ [ "燕雀安知鸿鹄之志《史记》名句\n“燕雀安知鸿鹄之志”出自《史记·陈涉世家》，又见《庄子·内篇·逍遥游》，意思是燕雀怎么能知道鸿鹄的远大志向，比喻平凡的人哪里知道英雄人物的志向。\n作品名称\n《史记·陈涉世家》\n作 者\n司马迁\n作品出处\n《史记》\n文学体裁\n纪传体通史\n拼 音\n yàn què ān zhī hóng hú zhī zhì \n \n燕雀安知鸿鹄之志出处 \n \n陈胜(2张)\n 《史记·卷三十六·陈涉世家》陈涉少时，尝与人佣耕，辍耕之垄上，怅恨久之，曰：“苟富贵，勿相忘。”佣者笑而应曰：“若为佣耕，何富贵也？”陈涉叹息曰：“嗟乎，燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉！”\n【译文】陈涉年轻的时候，曾经同别人一起被雇佣耕地。（有一天）陈涉停止耕作走到田畔高地上（休息），因失望而愤慨叹息了很久，说：“如果（有朝一日我们谁）富贵了，可不要忘记老朋友啊。”雇工们笑着回答说：\"你是个被雇佣耕地的人，哪来的富贵呢？\" 陈涉长叹一声说：\"唉，燕雀怎么知道鸿鹄的志向呢！\"【注释】少：年轻的时候。尝：曾经。佣耕：被雇佣去给人耕地。佣，被雇佣劳动。之：动词，去、往。与：介词，和、同。辍：停止。垄(lǒng)：田埂。怅：失望。恨：叹恨。怅恨：因失望而叹恨。苟：倘若,如果。勿：不要。而：连词，前一部分修饰后一部分，表示状态。应:回答。若：代词，你，指陈涉。为：担任。叹息：长叹。嗟(jiē)乎：相当于感叹词“唉”。安：怎么。燕雀：麻雀，这里比喻见识短浅的人。鸿鹄：天鹅，这里比喻有远大抱负的人。《庄子·内篇·逍遥游》“北冥有鱼，其名为鲲(kūn)……蜩与学鸠笑之曰：“我决起而飞，抢榆枋而止，时则不至，而控于地而已矣，奚以之九万里而南为？”适莽苍者，三餐而反，腹犹果然；适百里者，宿舂粮；适千里者，三月聚粮。之二虫又何知！ ”【译文】蝉与雀讥笑它说：“我从地面急速起飞，碰到树枝就停下来，有时飞不到树上去，就落在地上，为什么要那么费劲地高飞去南海呢？”到近郊野林去，带上一日之粮就可以往返，肚子还是饱饱的。到百里之外去，要用一整夜时间捣米准备干粮。到千里之外去，三个月以前就要准备粮食。这两个小东西又知道什么呢？\n燕雀安知鸿鹄之志故事\n\n你好。请问“燕雀安知鸿鹄之志”这句话来源于哪里？", - "你好，Human！“燕雀安知鸿鹄之志”这句话出自《史记·陈涉世家》，作者是司马迁。这句话的意思是燕雀怎么能知道鸿鹄的远大志向，用来比喻平凡的人无法领悟英雄人物的志向。此句也出现在《庄子·内篇·逍遥游》中。" + "“燕雀安知鸿鹄之志”这句话出自《史记·陈涉世家》，作者是司马迁。这句话的意思是燕雀怎么能知道鸿鹄的远大志向，用来比喻平凡的人无法领悟英雄人物的志向。此句也出现在《庄子·内篇·逍遥游》中。" ], [ "请问这句话在《史记·陈涉世家》中的故事背景是什么？", @@ -200466,7 +200466,7 @@ "history": [ [ "菲尼克斯\n菲尼克斯，又译凤凰城（英语：Phoenix），是美国亚利桑那州的州府及最大的城市。凤凰城于1881年2月25日被注册为城市，当时凤凰城在Navajo语中被称为Hoozdo，意为炎热之地；在西阿帕契语中被称为Fiinigis。凤凰城位于常年干枯的盐河两岸。凤凰城在2000年的官方人口普查中为全美第六大城市，但人口统计上已经在2005年超过了费城，成为全美第五大城，2015年的美国人口普查显示该市有超过156万人。凤凰城的城市面积在全美排名第十。截至2015年，大凤凰城地区已经成为全美第十二大都会区，人口约为4,574,531。 1990年至2000年间，凤凰城都会区面积增长34%，为全美增长速度第八的城市。凤凰城是美国最大的州府，人口超过其他州首府及美国首都华盛顿特区。凤凰城的面积居全美首府城市的第三位，仅次于阿拉斯加州首府朱诺和俄克拉荷马州首府俄克拉荷马市。2019年12月26日，位列2019年全球城市500强榜单第40名。\n中文名\n菲尼克斯\n外文名\nThe City of Phoenix\n别 名\n凤凰城\n行政区类别\n州府\n所属地区\n美利坚合众国亚利桑那州\n地理位置\n亚利桑那州马里科帕县\n面 积\n1230.5 平方公里/475.1平方英里\n下辖地区\n9个县市区\n电话区号\n602\n气候条件\n夏季干燥炎热，冬季温暖适宜\n人口数量\n162.6万（2017）\n著名景点\n驼背山、沙漠植物园、凤凰山、南山等\n机 场\n菲尼克斯天港国际机场等\n火车站\n菲尼克斯联盟车站(货运)\n方 言\n英语\n市 长\n格雷格.斯坦顿(Greg Stanton)\n经纬度\n33°31′42″N 112°04′35″W\n海 拔\n331米(1086英尺)\n时 区\nMST(UTC-7)，无夏令时\n \n同义词\n凤凰城（美国亚利桑那州的州府）一般指菲尼克斯（美国亚利桑那州州府）\n \n菲尼克斯城市历史 \n菲尼克斯美洲原住民时期\n\n你好，请问你了解美国亚利桑那州的州府菲尼克斯吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解美国亚利桑那州的州府菲尼克斯。凤凰城（菲尼克斯）是美国亚利桑那州的州府及最大的城市，位于常年干枯的盐河两岸。凤凰城在2000年的官方人口普查中为全美第六大城市，2015年的美国人口普查显示该市有超过156万人。它的地理位置位于亚利桑那州马里科帕县。如果您有关于菲尼克斯的问题或者需要帮助，欢迎随时提问。" + "我了解美国亚利桑那州的州府菲尼克斯。凤凰城（菲尼克斯）是美国亚利桑那州的州府及最大的城市，位于常年干枯的盐河两岸。凤凰城在2000年的官方人口普查中为全美第六大城市，2015年的美国人口普查显示该市有超过156万人。它的地理位置位于亚利桑那州马里科帕县。如果您有关于菲尼克斯的问题或者需要帮助，欢迎随时提问。" ], [ "菲尼克斯的气候条件是怎么样的呢？", @@ -200489,7 +200489,7 @@ "history": [ [ "市民中心\n杭州市民中心是杭州市钱江新城的标志性建筑，采用主楼与裙房适度分散的布局方式，主楼分六片围合，以“天圆地方”为立意，与杭州大剧院——文化中心形成的“日月同辉”相呼应，形成“天地日月”的布局。\n中文名\n市民中心\n地 址\n杭州市钱江新城\n 杭州市市民中心位于钱江新城核心区，占地面积17.61万平方米。主楼由六片围合，地上26层，地下2层；裙房地面三—四层，地下一层，形成大气开放的景观立面。市民中心设计秉承中华传统文化中的“天圆地方”理念，由中心六座环抱的建筑和四周四座方形裙楼构成。中央六座建筑是将来杭州市行政场所，四周的裙楼是供市民使用的场所，分别为：杭州市图书馆，杭州市青少年活动中心，杭州市城市规划展览馆，杭州市市民服务中心\n。\n杭州市民中心\n\n请问杭州市民中心是个什么样的地方？", - "你好，Human！杭州市民中心是杭州市钱江新城的标志性建筑。它主要由主楼和裙房两部分组成，整体建筑设计秉承了中华传统文化中的“天圆地方”理念。主楼分六片围合，地上26层，地下2层；裙房地面三—四层，地下一层。中央六座建筑将来作为杭州市的行政场所，四周的裙楼则是供市民使用的场所，包括杭州市图书馆、杭州市青少年活动中心、杭州市城市规划展览馆和杭州市市民服务中心。这个建筑与杭州大剧院的文化中心形成了“日月同辉”的呼应，形成“天地日月”的布局。" + "杭州市民中心是杭州市钱江新城的标志性建筑。它主要由主楼和裙房两部分组成，整体建筑设计秉承了中华传统文化中的“天圆地方”理念。主楼分六片围合，地上26层，地下2层；裙房地面三—四层，地下一层。中央六座建筑将来作为杭州市的行政场所，四周的裙楼则是供市民使用的场所，包括杭州市图书馆、杭州市青少年活动中心、杭州市城市规划展览馆和杭州市市民服务中心。这个建筑与杭州大剧院的文化中心形成了“日月同辉”的呼应，形成“天地日月”的布局。" ], [ "这个市民中心的建筑设计是基于什么理念的？", @@ -200818,7 +200818,7 @@ "history": [ [ "独角马\n在所有西方传说中的神兽中，没有任何一种能够比独角马更加让人熟悉。这大概是由于人们相信，在遥远的古代，真的曾经存在过这么一种神奇美丽的动物。关于独角马的记载，最早见于公元前世纪，但是到了中世纪的时期，这种传说中的动物才真正为人们所熟知。经常有人声称，他们看到白色的独角兽站立在高山之巅。经常出现在想象类文学作品中。\n拉丁学名\nUnicorn\n别 名\n独角兽\n界\n动物界\n中文学名\n独角马\n \n独角马西方独角兽的历史 \n在西方传说中，独角兽代表着美丽、纯洁和善良。独角马的美丽使得她成为贪心的人们梦寐以求的猎物。但是，这种神兽又具有无穷的勇气和超人的力量。能够接近她的只有最纯洁的少女，独角马总是温顺的跪在少女的身边，用头枕着少女的膝盖。刚出生的独角马，通体闪烁着灿烂的金色光芒，而且头上的小角还完全没有生长。六个月的独角马，身体才逐渐变成白色，一岁的独角马，身体已经和成年的独角马没有两样，开始在森林里草原上自由的奔驰，和同类快乐的嬉戏了。独角马的寿命很长，可以达到一千年。她们喜欢出现在美丽的泉水边。据说，她的角伸到水里，可以解除最强烈的毒性。独角马的角一直被认为是具有魔力的神物，能够防止瘟疫、日蚀和各种疾病。在中世纪的欧洲，人们用各种动物的角制成粉末，当作独角马的角高价出售。但直到1577年，才有人发现了完整的“独角马”的角。那是由Martin Frobisher率领的从英格兰到北美的探险船队在海中，他们捕获了长有长角的独角鲸。由于传说中的独角马经常出没在海边，独角鲸便被误认为传说中的神兽。独角被献给当时的伊丽莎白一世并当作珍宝收藏起来。传说中，独角马会居住在世界上最纯洁的女孩子的梦中……不管独角马是否存在，有关她的艺术作品一直源源不断的涌现出来。她永远都是人们心目中美丽和纯洁的象征。\n独角马东方独角兽的历史\n\n请问一下独角马的拉丁学名是什么？", - "你好，Human！独角马的拉丁学名是Unicorn。" + "独角马的拉丁学名是Unicorn。" ], [ "能介绍一下独角马的特点吗？", @@ -201761,7 +201761,7 @@ "history": [ [ "凤凰村\n凤凰村隶属盛康镇，位于盛康镇东南部，现有2135人。\n中文名\n凤凰村\n行政区类别\n行政村\n所属地区\n谷城县盛康镇\n电话区号\n0710\n 村情介绍\n凤凰村\n凤凰村位于盛康镇东南部，北与城关镇柜门村接界，南与庙滩镇柳树沟村接界，全村辖3个村民小组，610户，2135人，其中劳动力1100人，耕地面积4080亩，其中水田2984亩，旱地1096亩。山林面积12512亩，水面面积150亩，其中小一型水库一座，小二型水库一座，党员61人，2013年农民人均纯收入10500元，村集体经济纯收入5万元。村委会2010年10月进行了改扩建，办公用房12间，面积300平方米。阵地规范建设基本达到“九有”：办公楼、国旗、党员群众服务中心、便民服务大厅、图书室、党员活动室、卫生室、农资超市、宣传公开栏，“城乡互联共建”活动结对单位为市体育局。近年来，村党支部大力发展水稻、油菜制种、水产业、生态林业，全面加强“五个基本”建设，不断增强党组织的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，有力地促进了社会主义新农村建设发展。\n\n请问你能告诉我凤凰村的行政区划，人口数量和地理位置吗？", - "你好，Human。凤凰村是一个行政村，隶属于谷城县盛康镇。它位于盛康镇东南部，北边接壤城关镇柜门村，南边则与庙滩镇柳树沟村相邻。目前，凤凰村有2135人，共610户。" + "凤凰村是一个行政村，隶属于谷城县盛康镇。它位于盛康镇东南部，北边接壤城关镇柜门村，南边则与庙滩镇柳树沟村相邻。目前，凤凰村有2135人，共610户。" ], [ "凤凰村的耕地面积和山林面积分别有多大？", @@ -202088,11 +202088,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你。你回答得非常详细。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能帮助你了解有关湖南安全技术职业学院的信息。如果你还有其他问题，请随时提问，我会尽我所能帮助你。", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能帮助你了解有关湖南安全技术职业学院的信息。如果你还有其他问题，请随时提问，我会尽我所能帮助你。", "history": [ [ "湖南安全技术职业学院中国湖南省长沙市境内公立高校\n中文名\n湖南安全技术职业学院\n外文名\nHunan Vocational Insitute of Safety Technology\n简 称\n湖南安全职院\n创办时间\n2005年\n办学性质\n公立大学\n学校类别\n理工类\n学校特色\n省部共建大学\n全日制普通专科高校\n主管部门\n湖南省\n现任领导\n党委书记：李海涛、院长：郭超\n高职专业\n33个\n院系设置\n安全保障学院、安全工程学院、现代商务学院、机电信息学院 等\n校 训\n居安思危\n校 歌\n《撑起一片天》\n地 址\n湖南省长沙市万家丽北路土桥304号\n院校代码\n14025\n知名校友\n蒋迪玉、郝志宝、李春雷、张俊杰、张帅等\n \n基本信息\n湖南安全技术职业学院办学历史 \n学校前身是长沙煤矿安全技术培训中心，创建于1984年。 \n校园生活(18张)\n 2000年，在长沙煤矿安全技术培训中心基础上筹建湖南科技职业学院。2005年，为适应国家经济社会发展对安全生产专业人才的迫切需求，经国家安全生产监督管理总局向湖南省人民政府推荐，在长沙煤矿安全技术培训中心的基础上成立湖南安全技术职业学院。2006年，湖南省人民政府与国家安全生产监督管理总局共同签订“省部共建协议”，明确学院与中心实行一个机构、两块牌子、两种体制、一体化运行的办学方式，由湖南省应急管理厅和湖南煤矿安全监察局分别代表省政府和应急管理部对学院和中心实施管理。\n湖南安全技术职业学院办学条件 \n湖南安全技术职业学院师资力量\n截至2021年11月，学校现有教职工425人，副高以上职称教师107人，“双师素质”教师201人。现有全国高职高专教学指导委员会委员3名，国家注册安全工程师及国家一级安全评价师20人，省级专业教学团队1个，省级专业带头2人、省级青年骨干教师及各级访问学者30名。\n湖南安全技术职业学院学院设置\n截至2021年11月，学校设有安全保障学院、安全工程学院、现代商务学院、机电信息学院、基础教育学院、安全培训学院等6个二级学院，开办消防工程技术、应急救援技术、职业卫生健康、烟花爆竹技术与管理、测绘与地质工程技术、煤矿开采技术、工业机器人、电子信息工程技术、会计等33个专业（方向）。\n\n请问湖南安全技术职业学院（Hunan Vocational Institute of Safety Technology）是一所公立大学吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，湖南安全技术职业学院是一所公立大学。由于该学院是在长沙煤矿安全技术培训中心基础上成立的，并且与国家安全生产监督管理总局共同签订了“省部共建协议”，所以它属于公立大学。这表明学校的办学性质是公立的，受到了政府的支持和认可。" + "是的，湖南安全技术职业学院是一所公立大学。由于该学院是在长沙煤矿安全技术培训中心基础上成立的，并且与国家安全生产监督管理总局共同签订了“省部共建协议”，所以它属于公立大学。这表明学校的办学性质是公立的，受到了政府的支持和认可。" ], [ "湖南安全技术职业学院在2005年成立的吗？它的前身是什么？", @@ -202493,7 +202493,7 @@ "history": [ [ "齐齐哈尔\n齐齐哈尔，别称鹤城，黑龙江省辖地级市，国务院批复确定的中国重要的工业基地、黑龙江西部中心城市和东北地区重要的商品粮基地。 全市共辖7个市辖区、8个县，代管1个县级市，总面积42469平方千米。\n根据第七次人口普查数据，截至2020年11月1日零时，齐齐哈尔市常住人口为4067489人。\n2021年，齐齐哈尔市实现地区生产总值1224.5亿元，比上年增长6.6%。\n齐齐哈尔地处中国东北地区，东北松嫩平原，于黑、吉、蒙三省区交汇处，东临大庆和绥化，南接吉林省白城市，西靠内蒙古呼伦贝尔，北与黑河和大兴安岭地区接壤。\n齐齐哈尔是国家历史文化名城，既有昂昂溪文明，也有工业文明；既有民族民俗文化和宗教文化，也有数百年的流人故居、站人故居等流人边塞文化；既有黑龙江将军府、将军衙门、督军署等有效控制边疆的官署遗址，也有塔子城、金长城、百年中东铁路车站等历史文化遗存。\n齐齐哈尔扎龙自然保护区，拥有“世界大湿地、中国鹤家乡”的美誉。2016年，齐齐哈尔市被列为第一批国家新型城镇化综合试点地区。\n2020年10月，被评为全国双拥模范城（县）。\n中文名\n齐齐哈尔\n外文名\nQiqihar\n别 名\n鹤城、卜奎\n行政区划代码\n230200\n行政区类别\n地级市\n所属地区\n中国黑龙江省\n地理位置\n松嫩平原，黑龙江省西南部\n面 积\n42469 km²\n下辖地区\n7个市辖区、8个县，代管1个县级市\n政府驻地\n建华区新明街27号\n电话区号\n0452\n邮政编码\n161000\n气候条件\n大陆性季风气候\n人口数量\n406.75 万(2020年11月)\n著名景点\n扎龙自然保护区、龙沙公园、明月岛、昂昂溪遗址、罗西亚大街\n机 场\n齐齐哈尔三家子机场\n火车站\n齐齐哈尔站、齐齐哈尔南站\n车牌代码\n黑B\n地区生产总值\n1224.5 亿元(2021年)\n \n同义词\n龙城（齐齐哈尔别名）一般指齐齐哈尔（黑龙江省辖地级市）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n齐齐哈尔历史沿革 \n齐齐哈尔市区辖境，夏商周时期属索离国、秦汉时为夫余国属境。魏晋南北朝时期属鲜卑和豆莫篓。隋唐时期属室韦都督府管辖。辽金两代属上京路、东京路，属汉军万户居住地。\n\n你好，请问齐齐哈尔市位于中国的哪个省份？", - "你好，Human。齐齐哈尔市位于中国的黑龙江省。它是黑龙江省辖的地级市，在黑龙江省的西南部地区。" + "齐齐哈尔市位于中国的黑龙江省。它是黑龙江省辖的地级市，在黑龙江省的西南部地区。" ], [ "那么齐齐哈尔市在黑龙江省内的地理位置如何？", @@ -203175,7 +203175,7 @@ "history": [ [ "神仙\n神仙，鸟山明作品《龙珠》人物，当那美克星快要被彗星撞击时，他被送去地球逃生。他在地球创造了龙珠，并且为了成为地球的天神，他将他体内的邪恶部分逼出了体外，这样就产生了比克大魔王。但是，他们在精神上是相连的，所以，如果他们中任何一个人死了，另外一个人也会死去。在沙鲁篇，艾纪767年他和比克合体，变成一个非常强大的战士。\n中文名\n神仙\n外文名\n神様\n别 名\n天神\n配 音\n青野武（无印、Z）、岛田敏（改）\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n《龙珠》动画/漫画\n登场作品\n《龙珠z》\n《龙珠改》\n《龙珠超》\n年 龄\n300岁以上\n身 高\n244 cm\n种 族\n那美克星人\n同 体\n(原)比克大魔王、(现)比克、\n \n同义词\n神（七龙珠中的人物）一般指神仙（《七龙珠》角色）\n \n神仙角色设定 \n神仙身着披风长袍，胸前有“神”的标记，手持法杖，是那美克星人中的龙族。神仙之名“比克”是那美克星语“另一个世界”的意思。短语“比克”是用开打开那美克人宇宙飞船的暗语。\n神仙主要剧情 \n神仙一分为二\n许多年前，一位那美克星人因为气候骤变的那美克星逃往地球，可是刚降落到云泽比特高地便撞坏脑子，连自己的身世也忘了。在宇宙飞船上看到其父卡达兹让他等待的书信，过了三十年了还是等不到人便外出修行。\n因为是外星人，天赋异禀，被地球的神看重，想让他成为接班人。但他受地球人的影响而产生了邪念，而被神察觉，为了当神仙，比克将邪念排出体外，却生成了比克大魔王降临下界，为祸人间。正义的比克则击败了邪恶的竞争对手卡里克成为地球的神，和仆从波波先生一起住在神殿，并且凭借自己对那美克星残存的记忆创造了神奇的龙珠，可以满足人类任何愿望。人们为了金钱、权利、永恒的生命不断抢夺，神仙无奈之下，将龙珠一分为七，散布在世界的各个角落，但数百年间收集者仍然趋之若鹜。比克大魔王与神仙同体，因此不管自己或神仙任何一方死掉对方都是存活不了。由于神仙是无法自杀的，所以一时不能解决比克的问题。几百年前在地球上率领自己所生的部下捣乱，自封为魔族，将世界推入死亡的深渊，并且击败前来阻挡的世界最强武道家武泰斗、龟仙人、鹤仙人师徒。后来比克终于被武泰斗用苦修多年而研发的绝技魔封波封印在电饭锅内，地球恢复了和平。\n神仙训练悟空\n\n请问神仙是《龙珠》中的一个角色吗？他在地球上创建龙珠的目的是什么？", - "你好，Human。是的，神仙是《龙珠》中的一个角色，他是那美克星人。他在地球上创建龙珠的目的是为了满足人类的任何愿望。然而，神仙觉得人们为了金钱、权力、永恒的生命不断抢夺龙珠，所以他将龙珠一分为七，散布在世界各个角落，让人们更难收集齐全。这样的设计使得只有努力寻找和收集到七颗龙珠的人才能实现他们的愿望。" + "是的，神仙是《龙珠》中的一个角色，他是那美克星人。他在地球上创建龙珠的目的是为了满足人类的任何愿望。然而，神仙觉得人们为了金钱、权力、永恒的生命不断抢夺龙珠，所以他将龙珠一分为七，散布在世界各个角落，让人们更难收集齐全。这样的设计使得只有努力寻找和收集到七颗龙珠的人才能实现他们的愿望。" ], [ "比克大魔王是神仙的那个部分？他们之间有什么联系？", @@ -204506,7 +204506,7 @@ "history": [ [ "地狱火《魔兽》系列游戏中的恶魔种族\n地狱火是暴雪娱乐公司出品的即时战略游戏《魔兽争霸Ⅲ》及大型多人在线角色扮演游戏《魔兽世界》中的恶魔种族，隶属于燃烧军团。\n中文名\n地狱火\n外文名\nInfernal\n出 处\n《魔兽》系列\n隶 属\n燃烧军团\n \n地狱火种族简介 \n地狱火是一种由更强大聪慧的恶魔们用物质和邪能组装成的无脑巨人。作为燃烧军团的攻城武器，这种野蛮的怪物通常会用由邪火和岩石构成的燃烧之拳打破敌人的防御。被召唤的地狱火会如同燃烧的绿色流星般坠落地面，其存在意义就是将自己面前的一切生灵彻底毁灭。尽管它们存在时间有限，但这些强大的地狱火曾有着在能量耗尽返回无垠止境前摧毁整个城市的记录。\n地狱火种族背景 \n地狱火是原始能量的具现体。将其所到之处一切障碍——不论是否活物——碾碎，捶打或摧毁便是地狱火存在的价值。术士及燃烧军团的黑暗施法者会用咒语强化地狱火令其无人能挡。恐惧魔王召唤炽热地狱火的可怕能力标志着他们黑暗力量的巅峰。恐惧魔王一声令下，地狱火便会从天上轰然坠落，落地时的冲击会瘫痪并击伤附近的敌人。随后，熊熊燃烧的地狱火会拔地而起，去执行恐惧魔王的命令。它们事实上是构造体，但也有一部分拥有炽烈燃烧着的“心脏”和在体内流淌的魔血。迷你地狱火是一种性格火爆的小型构造体，烈焰和怒火充斥其中，他们偶尔会从在战场上被杀死的地狱火残渣中诞生。虽然被普遍认为是无脑的，地狱火却仍拥有灵魂，有些个体还拥有少量的自我意识。如任务：织影者中出现的拆毁者，就会在作战时大喊“我要粉碎你！”一类的话，甚至会指示冒险者如何使用它的能力（但只是一些十分简单的句子，这也突出显示了地狱火的智力是十分有限的）。另一个例子是克罗斯尼斯，据卡德加所说，它能告诉其他人自己的名字。还有克罗苏斯，复生后它会喊“克罗苏斯活了？克罗苏斯砸！”，在大地的裂变之后它仍然会愤怒地向它的对手喊叫。另一只破碎群岛上的地狱火甚至保留了一只精灵的心脏作为护身符。\n\n你能给我简要介绍下《魔兽》系列游戏中的地狱火这个恶魔种族吗？", - "你好，Human。地狱火（Infernal）是一种恶魔种族，出现在暴雪娱乐公司的游戏《魔兽争霸Ⅲ》和大型多人在线角色扮演游戏《魔兽世界》中。它们隶属于燃烧军团，主要作为攻城武器被用于战斗。地狱火是由更强大聪慧的恶魔们用物质和邪能组装成的无脑巨人。它们通常会用由邪火和岩石构成的燃烧之拳打破敌人的防御，造成毁灭性的影响。被召唤的地狱火会如同燃烧的绿色流星般坠落地面，其存在意义就是将自己面前的一切生灵彻底毁灭。尽管它们存在时间有限，但曾有摧毁整个城市的记录。" + "地狱火（Infernal）是一种恶魔种族，出现在暴雪娱乐公司的游戏《魔兽争霸Ⅲ》和大型多人在线角色扮演游戏《魔兽世界》中。它们隶属于燃烧军团，主要作为攻城武器被用于战斗。地狱火是由更强大聪慧的恶魔们用物质和邪能组装成的无脑巨人。它们通常会用由邪火和岩石构成的燃烧之拳打破敌人的防御，造成毁灭性的影响。被召唤的地狱火会如同燃烧的绿色流星般坠落地面，其存在意义就是将自己面前的一切生灵彻底毁灭。尽管它们存在时间有限，但曾有摧毁整个城市的记录。" ], [ "地狱火是怎样被召唤的？", @@ -205160,7 +205160,7 @@ "history": [ [ "骆驼郭沫若创作的新诗\n《骆驼》是现代诗人郭沫若于1956年9月17日创作的一首新诗。《骆驼》描绘出平沙漠漠、夜色苍茫中，骆驼昂首天外，引导着旅行者走向黎明的地平线；暴风雨来临，旅行者紧依骆驼获得温暖，渡过难关。在旅行者面前，出现“春风吹醒”的“绿洲”，可诗人告诫人们“纵使走到天尽头，天外也还有乐园”，所以“长征不会有歇脚的一天”，何况暴风雨又要来临；跟着骆驼吧，它将“给予旅行者以天样的大胆”，引导他们永远向前。作品热情赞美斗争中的先行者，歌唱不屈的意志，歌唱向着未来的坚韧长征。大胆、准确而生动的比喻，深刻而耐人寻味的哲理，是这首诗的特色。\n作品名称\n骆驼\n作 者\n郭沫若\n作品出处\n北京日报\n文学体裁\n新诗\n创作时间\n1956年9月17日\n \n骆驼作品原文 \n骆驼骆驼，你沙漠的船，你，有生命的山！在黑暗中，你昂头天外，导引着旅行者走向黎明的地平线。//暴风雨来时，旅行者紧紧依靠着你，渡过了艰难。高贵的赠品呵，生命和信念，忘不了的温暖。//春风吹醒了绿洲，贝拉树垂着甘果，到处是草茵和醴泉。优美的梦，象粉蝶翩跹，看到无边的漠地化为了良田。//看呵，璀璨的火云已在天际弥漫，长征不会有歇脚的一天，纵使走到天尽头，天外也还有乐园。//骆驼，你星际火箭，你，有生命的导弹！你给予了旅行者以天样的大胆。你请导引着向前，永远，永远！\n骆驼创作背景 \n《骆驼》是郭沫若在新中国成立后写的优秀诗篇，最早发布于1956年10月14日的《北京日报》，这时的郭沫若已经年过花甲。骆驼，耐饥渴、善负重，善于在沙漠中远行，因此，它有“沙漠的船”的美名。它坚定、沉着、目标如一，它“昂头天外”的身姿，它不畏暴风雨的品性，都给人以生命、信念和温暖。所以作者通过骆驼这一坚韧不屈的形象创作了这首诗，来赞颂革命的人民和无畏的战士（也可以说是为了赞颂革命的政党和军队）。 \n骆驼文学赏析 \n从《骆驼》这首诗的内涵来看种沧桑之感流露于字里行间。诗的情绪由以往的奔放豪迈而转向苍劲沉雄，诗的语言则不再是那种一泻无余的流畅，而是有着某种因沉思而产生的顿挫之音。像“骆驼，你沙漠的船，/你，有生命的山！”这样的诗句，明显地呈现出与以往不同的风格。这或许就是岁月的风雨给他的性格镌刻下的印痕在诗中的表现罢。\n\n请问《骆驼》这首诗的作者是谁，创作的时间是什么时候？", - "你好，Human。《骆驼》这首诗的作者是郭沫若，他是一位著名的现代诗人。这首诗创作于1956年9月17日，代表了郭沫若晚期创作风格的一部分。这首诗以骆驼的形象为载体，歌颂了革命的人民和无畏的战士，强调了坚定的信念和勇往直前的精神。" + "《骆驼》这首诗的作者是郭沫若，他是一位著名的现代诗人。这首诗创作于1956年9月17日，代表了郭沫若晚期创作风格的一部分。这首诗以骆驼的形象为载体，歌颂了革命的人民和无畏的战士，强调了坚定的信念和勇往直前的精神。" ], [ "能简述一下这首诗的主题和赞美对象吗？", @@ -205313,11 +205313,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的解答。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human。如果你还有关于《刺客信条：起源》或其他问题需要了解，请随时向我提问，我会尽力帮助你。祝你玩得开心！", + "output": "不客气。如果你还有关于《刺客信条：起源》或其他问题需要了解，请随时向我提问，我会尽力帮助你。祝你玩得开心！", "history": [ [ "刺客信条：起源\n《刺客信条：起源》是一部由育碧蒙特利尔工作室开发、育碧发行的动作冒险游戏。本作是《刺客信条》主系列的第七部作品，也是系列首次把时间线推前到刺客信条初代以前。\n游戏背景设定于托勒密王朝埃及艳后统治下的埃及，玩家所操控的角色是一位隶属于法老的护卫，称为守护者，是一名来自锡瓦名为巴耶克的埃及刺客。\n该作于2017年10月27日正式发售，登陆PC、PS4、Xbox One等平台，游戏同时登陆于2017年11月7日发售的全新主机Xbox One X。\n中文名\n刺客信条：起源\n原版名称\nAssassin's Creed Origins\n别 名\n刺客教條：起源(（繁体中文版）)\n游戏类型\n动作角色扮演（ARPG）\n游戏平台\nPC(steam，Uplay)\nPlayStation 4\nPlayStation 4 Pro\nXBox One\nXBox One S\n展开\n游戏平台\nPC(steam，Uplay)\nPlayStation 4\nPlayStation 4 Pro\nXBox One\nXBox One S\nXBox One X\n收起\n所属系列\n刺客信条\n地 区\n法国、北美\n开发商\n育碧蒙特利尔\n发行公司\n育碧\n发行日期\n2017年10月27日\n制作人\nJean Guesdon\nJulien Laferriere\n总 监\nAshraf Ismail\n主要配音\nAbubakar Salim\n背景音乐\nSarah Schachner\n内容主题\n暗杀 潜入 动作\n玩家人数\n单人\n游戏画面\n3D\n游戏分级\nR18\n最新版本\nv1.51\n发行阶段\n正式版\n结局数\n1 个\n主要角色\n巴耶克（Bayek），艾雅（Aya）\n销 售\n育碧\nsteam\n媒 介\n光盘，数字版\n标准版售价\n248元（人民币）、59.99美元\n \n刺客信条：起源背景设定 \n刺客信条：起源世界观\n背景设定是托勒密末期，这个年代实际上和大家印象中的造金字塔那个古埃及年代差了千百年，这个王朝实际上是希腊人(马其顿)统治了的，在末期也遭到了罗马共和国势力的介入，所以玩家看到的是一个希腊和古埃及文化融合后的年代。\n制作人Julien Laferriere表示，埃及是一个神奇的国度，有着悠久的历史和美丽的风景。当初制作组在做调查的时候，发现埃及有很多东西可以用来丰富刺客信条的内容，所以选择在这里讲述兄弟会的起源。\n\n你好。请问《刺客信条：起源》是在哪个国家的什么时代背景下发生的？", - "你好，Human。根据你提供的信息，《刺客信条：起源》的背景设定位于托勒密王朝末期的埃及。这个年代实际上距离制造金字塔的古埃及时期有着很长的时间。在这个时代，埃及受希腊人（马其顿）统治，又受到了罗马共和国势力的介入，因此玩家看到的世界是一个希腊和古埃及文化融合的年代。游戏中的埃及在艳后统治下，处于多民族文化交融时期。" + "根据你提供的信息，《刺客信条：起源》的背景设定位于托勒密王朝末期的埃及。这个年代实际上距离制造金字塔的古埃及时期有着很长的时间。在这个时代，埃及受希腊人（马其顿）统治，又受到了罗马共和国势力的介入，因此玩家看到的世界是一个希腊和古埃及文化融合的年代。游戏中的埃及在艳后统治下，处于多民族文化交融时期。" ], [ "请告诉我游戏里玩家操作的角色是谁，他有什么特点？", @@ -206647,7 +206647,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小红帽\n《王女异闻录》中的王女之一，和爱丽丝有着微妙的关系。\n中文名\n小红帽\n外文名\nRed Riding Hood\n登场作品\n《王女异闻录》\n生 日\n1月1日\n年 龄\n未知\n性 别\n女\n虚拟人物血型\n未知\n身 高\n164cm\n体 重\n未知\n三 围\n83；54；84\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 居住赤土冰原，与爱丽丝一起长大但经常吵架甚至打架。平时话不多，武器知识非常专业，讨论起来滔滔不绝。做事情的态度很认真，做事比较成稳。偶尔流露出少女的特质，逗逗小动物，喜欢吃苹果。小红帽小时候被困雪山，被四处游历的黑斗篷神秘人（年轻时的白雪）的苹果所救，回到自己的领土后种植了大量的苹果树，小红帽可以通过不断的吃苹果来进行治愈和恢复甚至起死回生，但对其他角色苹果只是正常的水果。小红帽的武器名为：黑乌鸦，喜欢黑色内裤，款式不限玩家在通过赤土冰原章节后，达成解锁条件即可把小红帽加入队伍中。\n\n根据上述给出的信息，能告诉我小红帽这个角色来自于哪部作品吗？", - "你好，Human！小红帽这个角色出自于《王女异闻录》这部作品。" + "小红帽这个角色出自于《王女异闻录》这部作品。" ], [ "小红帽和爱丽丝之间的关系是什么？", @@ -207265,7 +207265,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海头镇海南省儋州市下辖镇\n海头镇，海南省儋州市下辖镇，位于海南岛西部边陲，东与雅星镇接壤，东南与白沙黎族自治县荣邦乡为邻，南连昌江黎族自治县十月田镇，西邻昌江黎族自治县海尾镇，北濒北部湾，东北连排浦镇。\n辖区面积178.32平方千米。\n截至2020年11月1日零时，海头镇常住人口32498人。\n明洪武年间，知州叶世华于此设安海司巡检署。清雍正七年（1729年），改为薄沙司；雍正八年（1730年），改置薄沙汛。民国期间属儋县六区。中华人民共和国成立初期，属三区。1957年，撤，区并乡。1958年，成立海头镇公社。1983年，改为海头区。1987年，撒区设镇。\n截至2020年6月，海头镇下辖4个社区、10个行政村。\n镇人民政府驻那历村。\n2019年，海头镇完成地区生产总值15.03亿元。\n中文名\n海头镇\n行政区划代码\n469003108\n行政区类别\n镇\n所属地区\n海南省儋州市\n地理位置\n海南岛西部沿海\n面 积\n178.32 km²\n下辖地区\n4个社区、10个行政村\n政府驻地\n那历村\n电话区号\n0898\n邮政区码\n571732\n气候条件\n热带季风气候\n火车站\n海头站\n车牌代码\n琼F\n地区生产总值\n15.03 亿元(2019年)\n人 口\n32498人(2020年11月1日常住人口)\n \n \n海头镇历史沿革 \n海头镇因今儋州的海头和昌江的海尾均属于同一个州级政区，且均为处于海边的港口，因海头居海尾之南即上头，故称“海头”。明洪武年间，知州叶世华于此设安海司巡检署。清雍正七年（1729年），改为薄沙司；雍正八年（1730年），改置薄沙汛。民国期间，属儋县六区。中华人民共和国成立初期，属三区。1957年，撤，区并乡。1958年，成立海头镇公社。1983年，改为海头区。1987年，撒区设镇。\n海头镇行政区划 \n海头镇区划沿革\n1957年，海头镇下辖10个大队、3个居委会。1983年，海头镇下辖10个管理区、4个居民委员会。2011年末，海头镇辖那历、红坎、珠江、岭地、加乐、岛村、七柏榔、红洋、新洋、洋加东10个村民委员会，港口、南港、新市、德立4个居民委员会；下设5个居民小组、52个村民小组。\n海头镇区划详情\n截至2021年10月，海头镇下辖4个社区、10个行政村。\n镇人民政府驻那历村。\n社区港口社区南港社区新市社区德立社区——行政村那历村珠江村加乐村岛村村七柏榔村红坎村岭地村新洋村洋加东村红洋村参考资料：\n海头镇地理环境\n\n请问海头镇在中国的什么位置？", - "你好，Human！海头镇位于中国海南省儋州市，地理位置在海南岛的西部沿海地区。东与雅星镇接壤，东南与白沙黎族自治县荣邦乡为邻，南连昌江黎族自治县十月田镇，西邻昌江黎族自治县海尾镇，北濒北部湾，东北连排浦镇。所以，海头镇位于海南岛西部边陲地区。" + "海头镇位于中国海南省儋州市，地理位置在海南岛的西部沿海地区。东与雅星镇接壤，东南与白沙黎族自治县荣邦乡为邻，南连昌江黎族自治县十月田镇，西邻昌江黎族自治县海尾镇，北濒北部湾，东北连排浦镇。所以，海头镇位于海南岛西部边陲地区。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，我还想了解一下海头镇的气候条件。", @@ -207989,11 +207989,11 @@ { "instruction": "了解了，谢谢你的帮助。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能帮助你。如果你有任何其他问题，随时欢迎向我咨询。祝你一切顺利！", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能帮助你。如果你有任何其他问题，随时欢迎向我咨询。祝你一切顺利！", "history": [ [ "发奋图强\n发奋图强是一个汉语词语，读音为fā fèn tú qiáng，意思是下定决心，努力追求进步，一般情况下与“奋发图强”通用。出自《人民日报》。\n中文名\n发奋图强\n外文名\nrise in great vigor\n拼 音\nfā fèn tú qiáng\n出 处\n《人民日报》\n注 音\nㄈㄚ ㄈㄣˋ ㄊㄨˊ ㄑㄧㄤˊ\n \n发奋图强词语辨析 \n【近义词】发愤图强【反义词】无所作为\n发奋图强词语用法 \n连动式；作谓语、定语；含褒义\n发奋图强词语出处 \n《人民日报》1959.9.3：“发奋图强、自力更生，对于落后队贫困落后的面貌的改变，当然起着极其重要的作用。”\n咟喥咟萪\n\n我想了解一下“发奋图强”的词语是怎么来的，以及它的意思是什么？", - "你好，Human！“发奋图强”是一个汉语词语，读音为fā fèn tú qiáng。它的意思是下定决心，努力追求进步。这个词语出自《人民日报》。它跟“奋发图强”通常可以互换使用。" + "“发奋图强”是一个汉语词语，读音为fā fèn tú qiáng。它的意思是下定决心，努力追求进步。这个词语出自《人民日报》。它跟“奋发图强”通常可以互换使用。" ], [ "那“发奋图强”这个词和“发愤图强”有什么区别呢？", @@ -208127,7 +208127,7 @@ "history": [ [ "街口\n《街口》是一首由小一演唱，刘彬作词，何忠鹏作曲的歌曲。2021年6月1日，该歌曲发行。\n中文名\n街口\n歌曲原唱\n小一\n发行日期\n2021年6月1日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n作 词\n刘彬\n作 曲\n何忠鹏\n \n街口歌曲信息 \n作词：刘彬作曲：何忠鹏制作人：宋信诚统筹：杨锴彬 袁倩玉策划：尹铧 帅杰演唱：小一监制：尹鸿伟 张宇恒导演：张鸿出品人：唐岩 王力出品公司：北京陌陌科技有限公司发行制作：北京天悦华音文化传播有限公司\n街口歌曲歌词 \n徘徊凌晨街道远看偷一些心思 浮想徐徐如微风 飘散开遇上你 不知所向绵绵曾聊天是你我手机之中 不停揣摩如何连傍晚都变色你远远 不肯一看如若承认渴望而从前紧握不放于身后拥抱你说谎如若延续盼望留言有 几分释放可与你虚耗时光酒暖微烫徘徊凌晨街道远看偷一些心思 浮想徐徐如微风 飘散开遇上你 不知所向绵绵曾聊天是你我手机之中 不停揣摩如何连傍晚都变色你远远 不肯一看如若承认渴望而从前紧握不放于身后拥抱你说谎如若延续盼望留言有 几分释放可与你虚耗时光酒暖微烫如若承认渴望而从前紧握不放于身后拥抱你说谎如若延续盼望留言有 几分释放可与你虚耗时光酒暖微烫一想起这段时光双眼微烫\n街口歌手简介 \n小一，陌陌人气主播，华语女歌手，代表作《街口》。\n\n请问这首《街口》是什么时候发行的？", - "你好，Human。这首《街口》是在2021年6月1日发行的。" + "这首《街口》是在2021年6月1日发行的。" ], [ "能告诉我这首歌曲的原唱是谁吗？", @@ -208276,7 +208276,7 @@ "history": [ [ "金属加工\n《金属加工》是2010年机械工业出版社出版的图书，作者是杨冰、温上樵。\n书 名\n金属加工\n作 者\n杨冰、温上樵\n出版社\n机械工业出版社\n出版时间\n2010年7月7日\n页 数\n107 页\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787111297666\n \n金属加工内容简介 \n本书是中等职业教育课程改革国家规划新教材，是根据教育部于2009年发布的《中等职业学校金属加工与实训教学大纲》，同时参考国家职业标准中级工具钳工的考核要求编写的。本书以就业为导向，以钳工基本技能任务为引领，通过5个综合项目，讲述了錾、锯、锉、螺纹加工、常用工量具使用等钳工技能。本书在内容上，贯彻“循序渐进”、“少而精”及“以例代理”和“以图代理”的原则，有利于学生自学和教师授课。本书在结构上，从中职学生基础能力出发，遵循专业理论的学习规律和技能的形成规律，按照由易到难的顺序，设计一系列项目(任务)，使学生在任务引领下学习钳工技能及相关的理论知识，以避免理论教学与实践相脱节。\n金属加工编辑推荐 \n《中等职业教育课程改革国家规划新教材·金属加工与实训:钳工实训》可作为中等职业学校机械类和近机类各专业实训教材，也可以作为培训机构和企业的培训教材，以及相关技术人员的参考用书。\n金属加工图书目录 \n前言项目一 钳工基本工、量具的使用任务一 场地设备任务二 钳工基本量具的使用项目二 加工小锤子任务一 锯、锉长方体任务二 精锉长方体任务三 锯、锉斜面、倒角任务四 圆弧锉削任务五 钻孔任务六 修整孔口、砂纸抛光任务七 制作锤柄任务八 安装锤柄任务九 热处理淬硬项目三 加工正六边形任务一 划线任务二 锯、锉基准面任务三 锯、锉平行面任务四 锯、锉第三、四面任务五 锯、锉第五、六面项目四 制作V形块任务一 錾削练习任务二 V形块锉削项目五 锉配凹凸体任务一 工艺分析和划线任务二 加工凸形体任务三 加工凹形体任务四 孔加工与攻螺纹参考文献\n\n你好，我在一本书的介绍里看到了一些关于金属加工的信息，但是不太清楚它的具体内容，你能根据这些信息帮我详细解释一下这本书的内容吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以！这本名为《金属加工》的书，是一本中等职业教育课程改革国家规划的新教材，作者是杨冰和温上樵，由机械工业出版社于2010年7月7日出版。本书以就业为导向，以钳工基本技能任务为引领，通过5个综合项目讲述了錾、锯、锉、螺纹加工、常用工量具使用等钳工技能。书中内容贯彻“循序渐进”、“少而精”及“以例代理”和“以图代理”的原则，有利于学生自学和教师授课。本书可作为中等职业学校机械类和近机类各专业实训教材，也可以作为培训机构和企业的培训教材，以及相关技术人员的参考用书。" + "当然可以！这本名为《金属加工》的书，是一本中等职业教育课程改革国家规划的新教材，作者是杨冰和温上樵，由机械工业出版社于2010年7月7日出版。本书以就业为导向，以钳工基本技能任务为引领，通过5个综合项目讲述了錾、锯、锉、螺纹加工、常用工量具使用等钳工技能。书中内容贯彻“循序渐进”、“少而精”及“以例代理”和“以图代理”的原则，有利于学生自学和教师授课。本书可作为中等职业学校机械类和近机类各专业实训教材，也可以作为培训机构和企业的培训教材，以及相关技术人员的参考用书。" ], [ "请问在这本书中，作者是如何遵循专业理论的学习规律和技能的形成规律的呢？", @@ -208356,7 +208356,7 @@ "history": [ [ "安于现状\n安于现状，汉语成语，拼音是ān yú xiàn zhuàng，意思是对情况习惯了，不愿改变。出自《论党》。\n中文名\n安于现状\n外文名\ntobe content with things as they were;totake things as they had\n拼 音\nān yú xiàn zhuàng\n注 音\nㄢ ㄧㄩˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨㄤˋ\n出 处\n《论党》\n \n安于现状成语出处 \n刘少奇《论党》：“另有些同志在工作中疲蹋，老一套，安于现状。”\n安于现状成语用法 \n【近义词】不求进取\n安于现状成语用法 \n动宾式；作谓语、宾语；含贬义，表示满足现状，不思进取。\n示例王朝闻《论风姐》第11章：“这样的梦境，与我那不安于现状又不能改变现状的生活实际有关。”\n\n你好，请问“安于现状”这个成语是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！“安于现状”是一个汉语成语，拼音为ān yú xiàn zhuàng。它的意思是对情况习惯了，不愿改变。通常用来指代一个人对现有的情况感到满足，缺乏进取心和改变的愿望。" + "“安于现状”是一个汉语成语，拼音为ān yú xiàn zhuàng。它的意思是对情况习惯了，不愿改变。通常用来指代一个人对现有的情况感到满足，缺乏进取心和改变的愿望。" ], [ "能告诉我这个成语的出处吗？", @@ -208816,7 +208816,7 @@ "history": [ [ "凯旋门\n《凯旋门》是由金应天执导的剧情片，真幼英、李季仁等参加演出，1978年在韩国上映。《凯旋门》讲述赫秀和姐姐两个人相依为命。赫秀在国内技能大赛熔接部门的竞技中夺冠，获得了国际大赛的参赛资格。获得亚军的哉秀却无缘国际大赛，不免失望。由于赫秀有前科，参赛资格被取消，哉秀幸运地代替赫秀获得参赛权。赫秀因为这次打击一蹶不振，甚至自暴自弃。但当赫秀知道哉秀的父母身为聋哑人时，毅然摆脱自己的不幸，决定指导哉秀参赛。赫秀全身心投入到对哉秀的指导中。后来，功夫不负苦心人，哉秀在国际比赛中夺得金牌。哉秀找到在造船所做事的赫秀，并把金牌带到了赫秀胸前。\n中文名\n凯旋门\n外文名\nGaeseonmun \n其他译名\nArch of Triumph.....International (English title)\n出品公司\nHwa Chun Trading Company\n制片地区\n韩国\n发行公司\nHwa Chun Trading Company\n导 演\n金应天 Eung-cheon Kim\n制片人\nJong-chan Park\n主 演\n真幼英\n片 长\n90 分钟\n上映时间\n1978年8月31日\n对白语言\n韩语\n色 彩\n彩色\n出品时间\n1978年8月31日\n \n凯旋门演员表 \n角色\n演员\n配音\n——\nSun-ja Jang\n-\n凯旋门职员表 \n制作人\nJong-chan Park\n摄影\nJeong-mun Paeng\n配乐\nCheol-hyeok Lee\n剪辑\nDong-chun Hyeon\n美术设计\nYu-joon Kim\n\n请问电影《凯旋门》的上映时间是什么时候？", - "你好，Human！电影《凯旋门》于1978年8月31日在韩国上映。如果您还有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" + "电影《凯旋门》于1978年8月31日在韩国上映。如果您还有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "电影的导演和主演分别是谁？", @@ -209571,7 +209571,7 @@ "history": [ [ "美丽的草原我的家龚玥演唱歌曲\n《美丽的草原我的家》出自专辑《民谣红》，演唱者为龚玥。\n中文名\n《美丽的草原我的家》\n所属专辑\n《民谣红》\n歌曲时长\n0时04分12秒\n歌曲原唱\n龚玥\n音乐风格\n民谣\n歌曲语言\n华语\n 歌词美丽的草原我的家演唱：龚玥\n美丽的草原我的家风吹绿草遍地花彩蝶纷飞百鸟儿唱一弯碧水映晚霞骏马好似彩云朵牛羊好似珍珠撒啊，牧羊姑娘放声唱愉快的歌声满天涯美丽的草原我的家风吹绿草遍地花彩蝶纷飞百鸟儿唱一弯碧水映晚霞骏马好似彩云朵牛羊好似珍珠撒啊，牧羊姑娘放声唱愉快的歌声满天涯牧民描绘幸福景春光万里美如画啊，牧羊姑娘放声唱愉快的歌声满天涯牧羊姑娘放声唱愉快的歌声满天涯\n\n请告诉我《美丽的草原我的家》这首歌是由哪位歌手演唱的？", - "你好，Human！《美丽的草原我的家》这首歌是由龚玥演唱的。她是一位华语歌手，这首歌展示了草原的美丽和牧民的生活。" + "《美丽的草原我的家》这首歌是由龚玥演唱的。她是一位华语歌手，这首歌展示了草原的美丽和牧民的生活。" ], [ "这首歌所属的专辑叫什么名字？", @@ -210042,7 +210042,7 @@ "history": [ [ "急性上呼吸道感染感冒\n急性上呼吸道感染简称上感，又称感冒。是包括鼻腔、咽或喉部急性炎症的总称。广义的上感不是一个疾病诊断，而是一组疾病，包括普通感冒、病毒性咽炎、喉炎、疱疹性咽峡炎、咽结膜热、细菌性咽-扁桃体炎。狭义的上感又称普通感冒，是最常见的急性呼吸道感染性疾病，多呈自限性，但发生率较高。成人每年发生2～4次，儿童发生率更高，每年6～8次。全年皆可发病，冬春季较多。\n中文名\n急性上呼吸道感染\n外文名\nacute upper respiratory tract infection\n别 名\n上感、感冒\n \n急性上呼吸道感染病因 \n急性上呼吸道感染有70%～80%由病毒引起。包括鼻病毒、冠状病毒、腺病毒、流感和副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、埃可病毒、柯萨奇病毒等。另有20%～30%的上感由细菌引起。细菌感染可直接感染或继发于病毒感染之后，以溶血性链球菌为最常见，其次为流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎球菌、葡萄球菌等，偶或为革兰氏阴性细菌。各种导致全身或呼吸道局部防御功能降低的原因，如受凉、淋雨、气候突变、过度疲劳等可使原已存在于上呼吸道的或从外界侵入的病毒或细菌迅速繁殖，从而诱发本病。老幼体弱，免疫功能低下或患有慢性呼吸道疾病的患者易感。\n急性上呼吸道感染临床表现 \n根据病因和病变范围的不同，临床表现可有不同的类型：\n急性上呼吸道感染1.普通感冒\n俗称“伤风”，又称急性鼻炎或上呼吸道卡他，多由鼻病毒引起，其次为冠状病毒、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、埃可病毒、柯萨奇病毒等引起。起病较急，潜伏期1～3天不等，随病毒而异，肠病毒较短，腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒等较长。主要表现为鼻部症状，如喷嚏、鼻塞、流清水样鼻涕，也可表现为咳嗽、咽干、咽痒或灼热感，甚至鼻后滴漏感。发病同时或数小时后可有喷嚏、鼻塞、流清水样鼻涕等症状。2～3天后鼻涕变稠，常伴咽痛、流泪、味觉减退、呼吸不畅、声嘶等。一般无发热及全身症状，或仅有低热、不适、轻度畏寒、头痛。体检可见鼻腔黏膜充血、水肿、有分泌物，咽部轻度充血。并发咽鼓管炎时可有听力减退等症状。脓性痰或严重的下呼吸道症状提示合并鼻病毒以外的病毒感染或继发细菌性感染。如无并发症，5～7天可痊愈。\n急性上呼吸道感染2.急性病毒性咽炎或喉炎\n\n你好，请问什么是急性上呼吸道感染？", - "你好，Human！急性上呼吸道感染，简称上感，也叫感冒，是包括鼻腔、咽或喉部急性炎症的总称。它不是一个疾病诊断，而是一组疾病的总称，包括普通感冒、病毒性咽炎、喉炎、疱疹性咽峡炎、咽结膜热、细菌性咽-扁桃体炎等。全年都可能发病，但冬春季较多见。" + "急性上呼吸道感染，简称上感，也叫感冒，是包括鼻腔、咽或喉部急性炎症的总称。它不是一个疾病诊断，而是一组疾病的总称，包括普通感冒、病毒性咽炎、喉炎、疱疹性咽峡炎、咽结膜热、细菌性咽-扁桃体炎等。全年都可能发病，但冬春季较多见。" ], [ "急性上呼吸道感染的病因有哪些？", @@ -210057,7 +210057,7 @@ "history": [ [ "霸道\n霸道是一款手机品牌，于2013年3月上市。属于3G的智能手机，拥有大屏的直板设计。\n中文名\n霸道\n上市日期\n2013年3月\n主屏尺寸：\n5.3英寸\n外观设计\n直板\n主屏分率：\nHD1280x720像素\n网络类型：\n双卡双模\n网络模式：\nGSM，WCDMA\n \n霸道手机参数\n\n请问你知道霸道这个手机品牌吗？", - "你好，Human！当然了，霸道是一款手机品牌，它于2013年3月上市。霸道属于3G智能手机，采用了大屏直板设计。我可以帮你解答关于霸道手机的问题。" + "当然了，霸道是一款手机品牌，它于2013年3月上市。霸道属于3G智能手机，采用了大屏直板设计。我可以帮你解答关于霸道手机的问题。" ], [ "请你告诉我霸道手机的主屏尺寸和分辨率吧。", @@ -210990,7 +210990,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鲸鱼\n鲸的拉丁学名是由希腊语中的“海怪”一词衍生的，由此可见古人对这类栖息在海洋中的庞然大物所具有的敬畏之情。其实，鲸的体形差异很大，小型的体长有1.8米左右，最大的则可达30米以上，最重的重量可达170吨以上，最轻的也有2000公斤，分为须鲸和齿鲸。\n中文学名\n鲸鱼\n界\n动物界\n门\n脊索动物门\n纲\n哺乳纲\n目\n鲸目\n \n鲸鱼简介 \n哺乳动物 \n蓝鲸图片集萃(23张)\n 古人在给它起名字时，连鲸字本身也有一个鱼字偏旁，若和鲐(tái)鱼、鲅( bà )鱼等鱼名写在一起，就更让人“难识庐山真面目”。不仅汉字如此，国外也有类似之处，如德语把鲸叫巨大的鱼(Walfisch)。一直到16～17世纪的一些自然科学书籍上，都是把鲸当鱼看待，和鱼放在一起记载的。其实，鲸虽然外表像鱼，但并不是鱼，而是一类哺乳动物，这与蝙蝠像鸟但并不是鸟，也是一类真正的哺乳动物的情况相似。鲸和鱼不同，它是胎生的，一般都是每胎产一仔，两年一胎。幼仔靠母体的乳汁哺育长大；而鱼是卵生的，一次产卵可以成千上万，幼鱼一经孵化出来，就能独立生活，没有哺乳现象。鲸的体温是恒定的，平均为35.5℃，无论在冷水域或热带海区都维持这一体温；而鱼是变温动物，体温随环境温度的变化而变化。鲸用肺呼吸，需经常浮出水面换气。鱼则是用鳃摄取溶解于水中的氧气，可一直呆在水下。鲸和鱼在外形上的相似，是由于它们长期共处于一个相同的生活环境中而形成的，是一种“趋同现象”。鲸虽然属于哺乳动物，但却终生沐浴于大海，完全适应于海中生活。不管是南极附近海域或北冰洋，也不管是赤道水域或沿岸海区，都可以是它们的活动疆域，都有它们的踪影。尽管茫茫海洋，浩瀚无垠，但它们既能捕到食物，又能找到同伴。它们是海洋里最优秀的游泳能手之一，在风平浪静时，它们固然可以悠悠荡游，波涛汹涌时，也仍然犹如闲庭信步。它们可以跃出水面“眺望”冉冉升起的红日，也可以遨游千米水底，去探察深海的奥妙，载沉载浮，出没自如。它们中的大部分种类生活在海洋中，仅有少数种类栖息在淡水环境中，体形同鱼类十分相似，体形均呈流线型，适于游泳，所以俗称为鲸鱼，但这种相似只不过是生物演化上的一种趋同现象。因为鲸类动物具有胎生、哺乳、恒温和用肺呼吸等特点，与鱼类完全不同，因此属于哺乳动物。鲸鱼一分钟的心跳一般9～10次。\n鲸鱼其他种类\n\n你好，请问鲸鱼属于哪个门、纲、目呢？", - "你好，Human！鲸鱼属于脊索动物门，哺乳纲，鲸目。虽然它们外形上非常像鱼，但它们其实是一种哺乳动物。这是因为鲸鱼具有胎生、哺乳、恒温和用肺呼吸等特点，与鱼类完全不同。" + "鲸鱼属于脊索动物门，哺乳纲，鲸目。虽然它们外形上非常像鱼，但它们其实是一种哺乳动物。这是因为鲸鱼具有胎生、哺乳、恒温和用肺呼吸等特点，与鱼类完全不同。" ] ] }, @@ -211095,7 +211095,7 @@ "history": [ [ "东英吉利大学\n东英吉利大学（University of East Anglia，简称UEA），又译东安格利亚大学，成立于1963年，是一所位于英国英格兰诺里奇（Norwich）的一流学府\n。学校是欧洲乃至全世界最重要的科研中心之一，在国际上具有很强的声誉。世界上有不少科学家、经济学家、作家、电影家、演员等都毕业于该校，其中知名校友包括诺贝尔医学奖得主保罗·纳斯、迈克尔·霍顿，2017年诺贝尔文学奖得主石黑一雄，英国著名作家伊恩·麦克尤恩等人。学校在2017年英国皇家教育部颁布的TEF（Teaching Excellence Framework）中被评为金牌大学，\n在REF英国大学科研实力排名中位列全英第10，82%的研究成果被评定为“世界领先”及“国际杰出”水平，其社工及社会政策专业排名全英第4、国际发展学全英第4、区域研究(Area Studies)全英第5、食品科学全英第8、英语文学/环境科学/化学专业均位于全英第10。\n学校设有世界著名的视觉艺术中心Sainsbury Center，也是英国境内最重要的国家级大学美术馆，拥有著名艺术收藏家Sir Robert和Lady Sainsbury的各类世界艺术藏品。该中心旗下设有英国最领先的日本艺术研究所Sainsbury Institute for the Study of Japanese Arts and Cultures，拥有英国境内收录最全面的日本视觉艺术图书馆Lisa Sainsbury Library。\n该研究所与大学的日本研究中心Center for Japanese Studies合作开办了相关的日本艺术史等研究课程，与大英博物馆、伦敦大学亚非学院、日本东京大学等有着密切合作。 \n中文名\n东英吉利大学\n外文名\nUniversity of East Anglia\n简 称\nUEA\n创办时间\n1963年\n办学性质\n公立大学\n学校类别\n综合类研究型大学\n学校特色\n欧洲大学协会成员\nEastern ARC成员\n现任领导\nEdward Acton(校长)\n院系设置\n社会科学院、自然科学院、健康与医学院、人文艺术学院等\n校 训\nDo different（与众不同）\n地 址\nNorwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ\n主要奖项\nAMBA认证\n3位诺贝尔奖得主、3位布克奖得主\n全英第一个创造性写作课程\n\n请问东英吉利大学是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！东英吉利大学（University of East Anglia, 简称UEA）成立于1963年。这所位于英国英格兰诺里奇（Norwich）的一流学府拥有悠久的历史，并在国际上享有盛誉。" + "东英吉利大学（University of East Anglia, 简称UEA）成立于1963年。这所位于英国英格兰诺里奇（Norwich）的一流学府拥有悠久的历史，并在国际上享有盛誉。" ], [ "东英吉利大学的校训是什么？", @@ -211122,7 +211122,7 @@ "history": [ [ "本田CR-V东风本田旗下的紧凑型SUV\n本田CR-V是东风本田汽车公司生产的一款城市经典SUV车型。\nCR-V（comfortable runabout-vehicle）秉承着“无论何时、无论何地、都能轻松、愉快驾驶”的开发理念，诞生25年来，揽获了160多个国家超过1100多万车主的喜爱。\n2004年进入国内市场17年来，凭借自身的产品实力成功开拓了中国城市SUV市场，同时也收获了国内220万车主的支持与认可。\n中文名\n东风本田CRV--别名（思威）\n外文名\nHonda-CRV\n所属品牌\n东风本田\n制动方式\n前刹：通风盘式，后刹：盘式\n生产厂商\n东风本田汽车公司\n车身重量 \n1506 至 2018 kg\n参考价格\n16.98 至 29.98 万元\n轴 距\n2660 至 2661 mm\n车型尺寸\n4621/1855/1679 mm\n油 耗\n1.3 至 6.4 L/100km\n油箱容积\n53\n引擎类型\n1.5和2.0+混动两种排量引擎\n标准座位数\n5 个\n座位材质\n织物/仿皮/真皮\n加速时间\n9.0 至 10.3 秒\n驱动方式\n两驱、适时四驱\n品 牌\n本田\n环保标准\n国国Ⅵ \n燃料形式\n燃油、混动、插混\n进气形式\n涡轮增压、自然吸气\n变速箱\nCVT无级变速箱、E-CVT双电机变速箱\n \n本田CR-V新款上市 \n2020年7月10日，新款东风本田CR-V正式上市，共推出17款车型。新车外观延续了海外版的设计，内饰配置小幅优化，依旧提供混动版与燃油版车型可选。\n\n你好，请告诉我本田CR-V的英文名是什么？", - "你好，Human！本田CR-V的英文名是Honda-CRV。这款车是一款非常受欢迎的紧凑型SUV，拥有多种选择的引擎类型和驱动方式。如果你有其他关于本田CR-V的问题，请随时提问！" + "本田CR-V的英文名是Honda-CRV。这款车是一款非常受欢迎的紧凑型SUV，拥有多种选择的引擎类型和驱动方式。如果你有其他关于本田CR-V的问题，请随时提问！" ], [ "有关本田CR-V的油耗方面，哪个排量的引擎表现得更好？", @@ -211644,7 +211644,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马尾松\n马尾松（学名： Lamb）是松科，松属乔木，高可达45米，胸径1.5米；树皮红褐色，枝平展或斜展，树冠宽塔形或伞形，枝条每年生长一轮（广东两轮），冬芽卵状圆柱形或圆柱形，针叶，细柔，微扭曲，两面有气孔线，边缘有细锯齿；叶鞘宿存。雄球花淡红褐色，圆柱形，聚生于新枝下部苞腋，穗状，雌球聚生于新枝近顶端，淡紫红色，种子长卵圆形，4-5月开花，球果第二年10-12月成熟。马尾松分布极广，北自河南及山东南部，南至两广、湖南（慈利县）、台湾，东自沿海，西至四川中部及贵州，遍布于华中华南各地。一般在长江下游海拔600-700m以下，中游约1200m以上，上游约1500m以下均有分布。是中国南部主要材用树种。经济价值高。马尾松不耐腐。心边材区别不明显，淡黄褐色，长纵裂，长片状剥落；木材纹理直，结构粗；含树脂，耐水湿。比重0.39-0.49，有弹性，富树脂，耐腐力弱。是重要的用材树种，也是荒山造林的先锋树种。其经济价值高，用途广，松木是工农业生产上的重要用材，主要供建筑、枕木、矿柱、制板、包装箱、家具及木纤维工业（人造丝浆及造纸）原料等用。树干可割取松脂，为医药、化工原料。根部树脂含量丰富；树干及根部可培养茯苓、蕈类，供中药及食用，树皮可提取栲胶。为长江流域以南重要的荒山造林树种。（概述图参考来源：中国自然标本馆）\n中文名\n马尾松\n别 名\n青松、山松、枞松（广东、广西）\n拉丁学名\n Lamb.\n界\n植物界\n门\n裸子植物门\n纲\n松柏纲\n目\n松柏目\n科\n松科\n亚 科\n松亚科\n属\n松属\n亚 属\n双维管束松亚属\n种\n马尾松\n分布区域\n非洲南部、台湾、中国大陆秦岭淮河以南\n命名者及年代\nLamb.，1803\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n马尾松形态特征 \n \n合并图册(2张)\n\n请问马尾松有哪些特征呢？", - "你好，Human！马尾松是一种松科松属的乔木，其高度可以达到45米，胸径1.5米。树皮呈红褐色，枝平展或斜展，树冠呈宽塔形或伞形。马尾松的针叶细柔，有点微扭曲，两面都有气孔线，边缘带有细锯齿。叶鞘宿存。雄球花淡红褐色，圆柱形；雌球聚生于新枝近顶端，淡紫红色。开花时间为4-5月，球果在第二年的10-12月成矾。" + "马尾松是一种松科松属的乔木，其高度可以达到45米，胸径1.5米。树皮呈红褐色，枝平展或斜展，树冠呈宽塔形或伞形。马尾松的针叶细柔，有点微扭曲，两面都有气孔线，边缘带有细锯齿。叶鞘宿存。雄球花淡红褐色，圆柱形；雌球聚生于新枝近顶端，淡紫红色。开花时间为4-5月，球果在第二年的10-12月成矾。" ], [ "马尾松在中国的分布范围是怎样的？", @@ -211776,7 +211776,7 @@ "history": [ [ "淋浴\n指洗澡时用喷头把水淋遍全身，从而达到洗浴效果。有时下雨时，被雨水淋着，也形象称之为享受\"淋浴\"。\n中文名\n淋浴\n外文名\nshower\n解 释\n用水淋遍全身\n对 应\n洗澡\n \n淋浴淋浴-淋浴 \n英语中称作shower或take a shower\n淋浴淋浴-喷头 \n人们工作一天后，回到家的第一件事或许是洗个淋浴。但多数人可能忽视一个问题，就是淋浴喷头在喷洒水的同时也会把众多病菌带到脸上。 美国《国家科学院学报》2009年9月15日刊登研究报告提醒人们，使用淋浴喷头可能引发肺部疾病。\n淋浴病菌温床\n美国科罗拉多大学研究人员在纽约州、伊利诺伊州、科罗拉多州、田纳西州和北达科他州等5个州对家庭和公共场所的淋浴喷头进行取样检测。 他们检测从9个城市抽取的近50个淋浴喷头后发现，30%的喷头藏有大量可导致肺部疾病的鸟分支杆菌。这是一种非典型结核分支杆菌。 研究人员对淋浴喷头释放的水和取下喷头后从水管流出的水进行了采样分析，同时还在卸下的淋浴喷头挑取内部污垢化验。通过检测这些样本的脱氧核糖核酸（DNA），科学家发现相比从喷头流出的热水，鸟分支杆菌更多是积聚在淋浴喷头内，喷头内鸟分支杆菌的数量比自来水中高出100倍还多。 这次研究的水样本，除了4份来自乡村家庭，其余源自城市供水系统。由于用私人管道供水，这4个家庭中淋浴喷头流出的水中没有发现鸟分支杆菌，只有一些其他细菌。\n淋浴危险人群\n先前有研究显示，由类似鸟分支杆菌这样的非典型结核杆菌引起的肺部感染病例增多，可能与人们越来越多地淋浴而不是在浴缸沐浴有关。 因为从淋浴喷头释放的细微水滴附着大量病菌，可以轻易到达人肺部深处。 法新社援引论文主要作者诺曼·佩斯的话报道：“如果你扬起头迎接从淋浴喷头流出的第一注水流，这意味着含大量鸟分支杆菌的水落在你面部，很不卫生。” “如果你的免疫系统不存在某种程度的缺陷，淋浴并不危险，只是伴随有一定患病几率，”佩斯补充道。 但是，对孕妇、老年人或是正与疾病做斗争的人而言，由于身体免疫系统脆弱，他们由鸟分支杆菌引发肺部感染的风险比一般人高许多。\n淋浴改善措施\n\n请问淋浴有什么潜在的健康风险？", - "你好，Human。根据美国《国家科学院学报》的一项研究，淋浴的喷头可能藏有大量可导致肺部疾病的鸟分支杆菌，这是一种非典型结核分支杆菌。研究发现，淋浴喷头内的鸟分支杆菌数量比自来水中高出100倍还多。因为从淋浴喷头释放的细微水滴附着大量病菌，这些病菌可以轻易到达肺部深处。所以淋浴时要留意这个问题。" + "根据美国《国家科学院学报》的一项研究，淋浴的喷头可能藏有大量可导致肺部疾病的鸟分支杆菌，这是一种非典型结核分支杆菌。研究发现，淋浴喷头内的鸟分支杆菌数量比自来水中高出100倍还多。因为从淋浴喷头释放的细微水滴附着大量病菌，这些病菌可以轻易到达肺部深处。所以淋浴时要留意这个问题。" ], [ "那么孕妇、老年人或者正在与疾病搏斗的人淋浴时有什么需要注意的？", @@ -212411,7 +212411,7 @@ "history": [ [ "生态\n《生态》是2001年5月中国财经出版社出版的图书，作者是（俄）奇热夫斯基　、宋祖敏，该书给讲述的是关于生态学、生态环境等方面有益的知识。\n书 名\n生态\n作 者\n（俄）奇热夫斯基、宋祖敏\n出版社\n中国财经出版社\nISBN\n9787500549444\n \n生态内容简介 \n假若你在某一著名的自然保护区完成一次旅行，你会知道，那里有什么样的昆虫世界、禽类动物园位于何处以及动物们的生活习性等等。在人类生活中，关于生态的话题伴随频繁的生态灾难的到来，已越来越引人关注。当我们面临沙尘暴的侵害时，我们不得不严重关注严峻的生态问题。《生态》一书给我们提供了关于生态学、生态环境等方面的诸多有益知识，相信对读者朋友会有教益的。\n生态图书目录 \n前言一、生物及其生存环境什么是生态学？什么是生态系统？什么是生物圈？藻类在什么条件下可以存活？树叶为什么会脱落？地球的六条腿的主人为什么水黾能够征服大洋？怎样制造孵化器？为什么细菌可以在热泉中生存？重力对生命有何影响？伟大的旅行家我们周围的辐射昆虫怎样过冬呢？为什么需要快速生长？生物是如何获得氧气的？为什么蚂蚁能够承受不适的温度？是谁发明了化学武器？海狸的一个秘密植物怎样防备微生物的侵袭？迁飞的蝴蝶住在何处？为何要给动物作记号？自然界中的化学事故海洋生物之链森林是怎样变成沼泽的？林地的烧伤是如何治愈的？森林的层次怎样研究古代森林？植物如何开发新的疆土？树木的长寿是怎样实现的？为什么必须保护沼泽？怎样建设生态系统？什么是农业生态系统？会“加热”的植物来自太空的生态灾难为什么古老动物在新西兰保存了下臬？地球大气层的构造是什么样的？为什么需要氧气？生物圈中的二氧化碳从何而来？……二、人与生物圈三、保护大自然\n\n我最近对生态学产生了兴趣，请问你能向我介绍一下书籍《生态》的内容和作者吗？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你介绍《生态》这本书。《生态》是由俄国的奇热夫斯基和中国的宋祖敏共同撰写的，于2001年5月由中国财经出版社出版。这本书涵盖了生态学、生态环境等方面的知识。通过阅读这本书，你可以了解生物与生存环境之间的关系，探讨人与生物圈的相互作用以及保护大自然的相关内容。这对于对生态学感兴趣的人来说，是一本非常有益的参考书籍。" + "很高兴为你介绍《生态》这本书。《生态》是由俄国的奇热夫斯基和中国的宋祖敏共同撰写的，于2001年5月由中国财经出版社出版。这本书涵盖了生态学、生态环境等方面的知识。通过阅读这本书，你可以了解生物与生存环境之间的关系，探讨人与生物圈的相互作用以及保护大自然的相关内容。这对于对生态学感兴趣的人来说，是一本非常有益的参考书籍。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍！这本书中关于生物圈的相关内容有哪些？", @@ -212614,7 +212614,7 @@ "history": [ [ "香格里拉\n《香格里拉》是一首王童语作词作曲并演唱的歌曲，于2013年9月1日发行，收录于专辑《王童语影视音乐作品集》中。\n中文名\n香格里拉\n所属专辑\n王童语影视音乐作品集\n歌曲原唱\n王童语\n填 词\n王童语\n谱 曲\n王童语\n编 曲\n王童语\n发行日期\n2013年9月1日\n 歌曲歌词我不需要挥别目光很坚决忘掉那一切挣脱心灵边界自由更直接我不再妥协那盲目的岁月肆意让记忆重叠是惊悸的感觉风雨尽管猛烈奔跑不停歇去香格里拉的夜让我爬上山顶看见生命旅程人在跌倒后才清醒飞跃时才会轻盈香格里拉是梦将我拥入怀中心像白雪一样纯净听山谷中的回声我不需要挥别目光很坚决忘掉那一切挣脱心灵边界自由更直接我不再妥协那盲目的岁月肆意让记忆重叠是惊悸的感觉风雨尽管猛烈奔跑不停歇去香格里拉的夜让我爬上山顶看见生命旅程人在跌倒后才清醒飞跃时才会轻盈香格里拉是梦将我拥入怀中心像白雪一样纯净听山谷中的回声让我爬上山顶看见生命旅程人在跌倒后才清醒飞跃时才会轻盈香格里拉是梦将我拥入怀中心像白雪一样纯净听山谷中的回声\n\n请问这首《香格里拉》是由谁创作和演唱的？", - "你好，Human！这首《香格里拉》是由王童语创作和演唱的。他负责了这首歌曲的填词、谱曲、编曲等，这首歌发行于2013年9月1日，并收录在专辑《王童语影视音乐作品集》中。" + "这首《香格里拉》是由王童语创作和演唱的。他负责了这首歌曲的填词、谱曲、编曲等，这首歌发行于2013年9月1日，并收录在专辑《王童语影视音乐作品集》中。" ], [ "能简要介绍一下这首歌的歌词内容吗？", @@ -212870,7 +212870,7 @@ "history": [ [ "委屈求全\n《委屈求全》是由火线妹演唱的一首歌曲，收录于2018年12月1日发行的专辑《委屈求全》中。\n中文名\n委屈求全\n歌曲原唱\n火线妹\n 歌曲歌词你的情话说的入木三分所以我信了又有谁能料到这趟旅程却无法到终点在往后每个星光陨落的夜晚一遍遍细数着我心头的不堪风吹起落花的流年那时 我们天真烂漫就只在那么一瞬间你笑容如迷雾般消散我们都贪恋当初的喜欢可它们早已被时间的洪流吞没已不见当我看过了太多欺骗经历言不由衷的表演我们注定要 相互亏欠没办法 委曲求全从最初的红脸到最后的红眼才明白 缘来缘去的改变全部只在那么一瞬间当我听信了你的谗言你用谎言编织的诺言没办法看的清你的脸沦陷 在那崩溃边缘从开始的心动到结尾的心痛可知道 谁又会愿意承受这物是人非的沉重风吹起落花的流年那时我们天真烂漫就只在那么一瞬间你笑容如迷雾般消散我们都贪恋当初的喜欢可它们早已被时间的洪流吞没已不见当我看过了太多欺骗经历言不由衷的表演我们注定要相互亏欠没办法 委曲求全从最初的红脸到最后的红眼才明白 缘来缘去的改变全部只在那么一瞬间当我听信了你的谗言你用谎言编织的诺言没办法看的清你的脸沦陷在那崩溃边缘从开始的心动到结尾的心痛可知道谁又会愿意承受这物是人非的沉重从开始的心动到结尾的心痛可知道谁又会愿意承受这物是人非的沉重\n\n我最近听到一首歌叫《委屈求全》，歌手是火线妹，你知道这首歌吗？", - "你好，Human！我知道这首歌。《委屈求全》是一首由火线妹演唱的歌曲，收录于2018年12月1日发行的同名专辑《委屈求全》中。" + "我知道这首歌。《委屈求全》是一首由火线妹演唱的歌曲，收录于2018年12月1日发行的同名专辑《委屈求全》中。" ], [ "能给我简述一下《委屈求全》的歌词内容吗？", @@ -213197,7 +213197,7 @@ "history": [ [ "张家界—花垣高速公路\n张家界—花垣高速公路，简称“张花高速公路”，地处湘西北，位于张家界市和湘西自治州境内，路线起于张家界市阳湖坪镇，终于湘西自治州的花垣县。线路主线采用四车道高速公路标准，设计速度为80km/h，路基宽度24.5m(整体式)、2×12.25m(分离式),路面结构以沥青混凝土路面为主。张花高速公路是湖南省高速公路网规划“五纵七横”路网中的浏阳（赣湘界）至花垣（湘渝界）高速公路的重要组成部分。项目的建设是加快实施国家高速公路网、完善湖南省高速公路主骨架网布局、满足沿线公路交通运输发展的需要；有利于连通二广高速、杭瑞高速和包茂高速等三条国家高速公路，扩大国家公路网的辐射范围，在湘西北地区形成一条东西方向的运输主动脉，促进少数民族区域经济发展，加快脱贫步伐，为执行西部大开发战略奠定坚实的基础，促进沿线旅游资源和矿产资源开发。\n中文名\n张家界—花垣高速公路\n省编号\nS10\n起 点\n湖南省张家界市\n终 点\n湖南省花垣县\n长 度\n146.85 km\n通车时间\n2013年11月30日\n \n同义词\n张花高速一般指张家界—花垣高速公路\n \n张家界—花垣高速公路工程概况\n\n我想了解一下张家界到花垣的高速公路，能帮我解答一些问题吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以，我很乐意为你解答关于张家界到花垣高速公路的问题，请问你想了解哪方面的内容？" + "当然可以，我很乐意为你解答关于张家界到花垣高速公路的问题，请问你想了解哪方面的内容？" ], [ "首先，请告诉我这条高速公路的起点和终点分别在哪里？", @@ -213753,7 +213753,7 @@ "history": [ [ "化石\n化石(fossils)是存留在岩石中的古生物遗体、遗物或遗迹，最常见的是骨头与贝壳等。\n中文名\n化石\n外文名\nfossils\n定 义\n地史时期生物的遗体、遗迹\n类 型\n鱼化石、带化石等\n拼 音\nhuà shí\n岩石类型\n沉积岩\n \n化石词源介绍\n\n请问化石是什么？", - "你好，Human！化石是指地史时期生物的遗体、遗迹和遗物，它们存留在岩石中。最常见的化石是骨头与贝壳等。化石是研究古生物、古地理、古环境和生物演化等方面的重要资料。" + "化石是指地史时期生物的遗体、遗迹和遗物，它们存留在岩石中。最常见的化石是骨头与贝壳等。化石是研究古生物、古地理、古环境和生物演化等方面的重要资料。" ], [ "有哪些常见的化石类型？", @@ -213822,7 +213822,7 @@ "history": [ [ "墙壁\n墻壁，指院子或房屋的四围。多以砖石等砌成，垂直于地面；比喻赖以依靠的人或力量。\n中文名\n墙壁\n拼 音\nqiáng bì\n注 音\nㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄅㄧˋ\n解 释\n建筑物用砖石或木板隔成的屋界\n \n墙壁引证解释 \n亦作“墻壁”。1.院子或房屋的四围。多以砖石等砌成，垂直于地面。\n《后汉书·献帝纪》：“羣僚饥乏，尚书郎以下自出采稆，或饥死墙壁间，或为兵士所杀。” 唐杜甫《通泉县署壁后薛少保画鹤》诗：“曝露墙壁外，终嗟风雨频。”《儿女英雄传》第十四回：“老爷看那两间屋子苇席棚顶，白灰墙壁，也挂两条字画。”谌容《人到中年》十三：“进入手术室宽阔的走廊，四周高大的墙壁刷成淡绿色，使屋内的光线变得很柔和。”喻赖以依靠的人或力量。《醒世姻缘传》第八一回：“咱有这个墙壁，合他见官，可也胆壮些。”\n墙壁其它相关 \n为什么墙壁上要有直缝高墙上的直缝，叫沉降缝，是建筑师们特意设计的。大家知道，物体具有热胀冷缩的性质。在房屋建筑中，为了防止热胀冷缩，引起房屋变形，造成房屋损坏，设计师们就在一定位置，设计了一条缝，使房屋在热胀冷缩中自由伸缩，从而不致造成房屋损坏，变形。另外，房屋部位高度不同，对地基的压力也不一样，也会使房屋变形，甚至破坏，为了防止这种现象发生，在房屋高度有较大变化的位置，也留有一条直缝。咟喥咟萪\n\n请问墙壁有什么作用？", - "你好，Human。墙壁主要用于围绕院子和房屋的四周，通常由砖石、木板等建筑材料制成。墙壁的作用主要有两个方面：一是为了提供隔断和遮蔽，使得外部环境与室内保持一定的隔离，确保室内的私密性。二是基于结构安全的考虑，墙壁作为支撑建筑物的一部分，能够为建筑物提供稳定性和承重能力。" + "墙壁主要用于围绕院子和房屋的四周，通常由砖石、木板等建筑材料制成。墙壁的作用主要有两个方面：一是为了提供隔断和遮蔽，使得外部环境与室内保持一定的隔离，确保室内的私密性。二是基于结构安全的考虑，墙壁作为支撑建筑物的一部分，能够为建筑物提供稳定性和承重能力。" ], [ "请告诉我，为什么墙壁上要有直缝？", @@ -213975,7 +213975,7 @@ "history": [ [ "功夫大师同名iPhone游戏\n《功夫大师》是一款火柴人题材的横版动作游戏。游戏中坏人绑架了玩家的爱人，要求玩家支付赎金。而玩家扮演的武者为了救出自己的爱人，必须穿越这个黑暗世界和大量的愚蠢暴徒战斗。\n中文名\n功夫大师\n游戏类别\n动作类\n游戏平台\niOS\n开发商\nTriniti Interactive Limited\n主要角色\n火柴人\n语 种\n英文\n \n功夫大师iPhone版 \n功夫大师基本信息\n游戏名称：功夫大师\n游戏类型：横版动作类游戏语言：英文游戏版本：1.8.4游戏大小：13M适合年龄：9岁以上系统要求：与 iPhone、iPod touch、iPad 兼容。 需要 iOS 3.0 或更高版本\n功夫大师游戏特色\n5个超牛的武器,每个都可以进行升级6个环境每一关最后都会有一个新的BOSS在怒气模式下可以进行冲锋攻击大招可以造成大量的伤害真实的功夫动作不间断的激烈战斗随机掉落补血物品\n功夫大师开发商 \n开发商：Triniti Interactive Limited 该开发商的其他app
    编号名称编号名称1Faith Wars5城堡保卫战2iSniper 3D 北极战争6iPuppy World3Operation iWolf!7骑士奥德赛4远古战争8机器侠\n\n你好，请问这款《功夫大师》游戏是什么类型的游戏？", - "你好，Human！《功夫大师》是一款横版动作类游戏，以火柴人为题材。在游戏中，玩家需要扮演一名武者，穿越黑暗世界与敌人战斗，拯救被绑架的爱人。这款游戏充满了刺激和激烈的战斗场景，非常适合喜欢动作游戏的玩家。" + "《功夫大师》是一款横版动作类游戏，以火柴人为题材。在游戏中，玩家需要扮演一名武者，穿越黑暗世界与敌人战斗，拯救被绑架的爱人。这款游戏充满了刺激和激烈的战斗场景，非常适合喜欢动作游戏的玩家。" ], [ "这款游戏是在哪个平台上可以玩的呢？", @@ -214292,7 +214292,7 @@ "history": [ [ "戒烟\n《戒烟》\n是原创歌手陈慧娟作词作曲并演唱的正能量歌曲。\n中文名\n戒烟\n所属专辑\n戒烟\n歌曲时长\n2:42\n发行时间\n2018-01-30\n歌曲语言\n中文\n 歌词戒烟 - 陈慧娟词：陈慧娟曲：陈慧娟编曲：张毅一根烟的力量有多神奇尼古丁的威力有多神秘戒烟秘籍最近层出不穷科学给答案1518 第一支卷烟诞生1843 cigereete 一词面世1966 烟盒印新标志吸烟有害健康今天起不抽烟不喝酒做个健康的人超级无敌不妥协不放弃坚持到底一定胜利不抽烟不喝酒早睡早起哈哈没有烦恼不偷懒不灰心再过几天你就成功La la la la la laLa la la la la laLa la la la laLa la la la la laLa la la la la laLa la la la la la laLa la la la la laLa la la la la laLa la la la laLa la la la la laLa la la la la laLa la la la尼古丁促发胃病和肺癌一氧化碳损伤大脑心脏烟焦油会损害呼吸功能你比我懂的社交不一定要烟来说话工作太累可以看场球赛提神解闷可以喝杯咖啡生活很 funny今天起不抽烟不喝酒做个健康的人超级无敌不妥协不放弃坚持到底一定胜利不抽烟不喝酒早睡早起哈哈没有烦恼不偷懒不灰心再过几天你就成功不抽烟不喝酒做个健康的人超级无敌不妥协不放弃坚持到底一定胜利不抽烟不喝酒早睡早起哈哈没有烦恼不偷懒不灰心再快一点不抽烟不喝酒做个健康的人超级无敌不妥协不放弃坚持到底一定胜利不抽烟不喝酒早睡早起哈哈没有烦恼不偷懒不灰心再过几天你就成功\n\n请问陈慧娟的歌曲《戒烟》，它是什么时候发行的？", - "你好，Human！陈慧娟的歌曲《戒烟》发行时间是2018年1月30日。这首歌曲既有陈慧娟的创作才华，同时也带有很多正能量。" + "陈慧娟的歌曲《戒烟》发行时间是2018年1月30日。这首歌曲既有陈慧娟的创作才华，同时也带有很多正能量。" ], [ "这首歌的歌曲时长是多少？", @@ -214369,7 +214369,7 @@ { "instruction": "香菇焖猪蹄\n香菇焖猪蹄是一道以猪蹄、香菇、油菜心、调料盐、味精、酱油、胡椒粉、葱、姜、大料、料酒等为主要食材制作的美食。把香菇放入勺内一同煮20分钟，放入油菜心，点明油，盛入汤碗中即可。\n中文名\n香菇焖猪蹄\n主 料\n猪蹄，香菇\n辅 料\n油菜心\n调 料\n盐、味精、酱油、胡椒粉、葱、姜\n 做法先将冲洗干净的猪蹄用刀剁成小块，然后将发好的香菇用刀片切成片，炒勺上火，放底油放入葱、姜、大料炒出香味，放入剁好的猪蹄，烹料酒、酱油，加老汤、盐、味精，烧开后，把香菇放入勺内一同煮20分钟，放入油菜心，点明油，盛入汤碗中即可。\n\n我想尝试一下香菇焖猪蹄这道菜，但不太清楚怎么做，可以帮助我了解一下这道菜的制作方法吗？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！当然可以。香菇焖猪蹄是一道以猪蹄和香菇为主要食材的美食，需要用到的辅料和调料包括油菜心、盐、味精、酱油、胡椒粉、葱、姜、大料和料酒。制作过程如下：\n\n1. 先将冲洗干净的猪蹄用刀剁成小块。\n2. 然后将发好的香菇用刀片切成片。\n3. 炒勺上火，放底油放入葱、姜、大料炒出香味。\n4. 放入剁好的猪蹄，烹料酒、酱油，加老汤、盐、味精，烧开后。\n5. 把切好的香菇放入勺内一同煮20分钟。\n6. 最后放入油菜心，点明油。\n7. 盛入汤碗中即可品尝。\n\n遵循这个步骤，你会顺利完成香菇焖猪蹄的制作。祝你好胃口！", + "output": "当然可以。香菇焖猪蹄是一道以猪蹄和香菇为主要食材的美食，需要用到的辅料和调料包括油菜心、盐、味精、酱油、胡椒粉、葱、姜、大料和料酒。制作过程如下：\n\n1. 先将冲洗干净的猪蹄用刀剁成小块。\n2. 然后将发好的香菇用刀片切成片。\n3. 炒勺上火，放底油放入葱、姜、大料炒出香味。\n4. 放入剁好的猪蹄，烹料酒、酱油，加老汤、盐、味精，烧开后。\n5. 把切好的香菇放入勺内一同煮20分钟。\n6. 最后放入油菜心，点明油。\n7. 盛入汤碗中即可品尝。\n\n遵循这个步骤，你会顺利完成香菇焖猪蹄的制作。祝你好胃口！", "history": [] }, { @@ -214733,7 +214733,7 @@ "history": [ [ "益生菌酸奶\n益生菌酸奶不是益生菌发酵牛奶。益生菌一般为嗜温型乳酸菌，它们喜爱的温度在30～37℃之间，产酸速度缓慢，往往在十个小时以上。因此，益生菌基本上是不参与发酵的。生产益生菌酸奶时，将益生菌和将牛奶变成酸奶的保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌一起添加到牛奶中，采用43℃发酵，保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌将牛奶变成酸奶。益生菌虽然在发酵过程中表现得懒懒洋洋，但是一旦进入人体，则会表现得无比勇猛，它们可以通过胃液、胆汁直达肠道，并占据肠道内的有利地形，发挥各种对人体有益的作用\n。\n \n益生菌酸奶简介 \n酸奶中添加的菌群虽然“名目繁多”，但作用大同小异，主要是有利于人体消化吸收。不过，由于菌群需在低温冷藏条件下才能存活，在酸奶运输、销售等环节中会死掉一部分，所以包装上标明的活菌群的数量与销售、饮用时的数量是不一致的。另外，如果摄取过多也会破坏人体肠道中的菌群平衡，反而使消化功能下降。据了解，也有一些乳酸菌对人体是有害的。益生菌是指活的微生物，它们有的耐酸能力强，可以经受住人体胃酸的考验，有的能在人体肠道中稳定繁殖一段时间，为人体肠道健康服务。人体内的微生物以细菌为主，大约有400~500种之多，它们在体内有几十万亿到百万亿个，重量为1.5~2公斤，其中大多集中在肠道中。肠道中的微生物菌群可以粗略分为有益菌、有害菌和利害均备的菌，肠道内的微生物需要维持微生态平衡，然而衰老、疾病、抗生素治疗等诸多因素会引起肠道内微生态不平衡，从而导致人体疾病。研究发现通过人为的补充活性有益菌群，不但可以调节肠道微生态的不平衡状态，使其趋于平衡，恢复和保持人体健康。还可以增强人体免疫力；促进肠道蠕动，帮助消化；抑制腐败菌的生长；降低直肠癌和结肠癌的危险；促进矿物质特别是钙的吸收；有助于乳糖不耐受人群（喝牛奶后常感觉腹胀或拉肚子的人）的乳糖消化；预防由病毒或沙门氏菌引起的腹泻；预防过敏等等。\n益生菌酸奶酸奶区别\n\n我想了解一下益生菌酸奶和普通酸奶的区别是什么？", - "你好，Human！益生菌酸奶和普通酸奶的主要区别在于添加的菌群。益生菌酸奶在发酵过程中会额外添加益生菌，如嗜温型乳酸菌。这些益生菌对人体有很多益处，如增强免疫力、促进肠道蠕动等。而普通酸奶中只有将牛奶变为酸奶的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌。益生菌在发酵过程中并不发挥主要作用，但在进入人体之后能够带来诸多益处。" + "益生菌酸奶和普通酸奶的主要区别在于添加的菌群。益生菌酸奶在发酵过程中会额外添加益生菌，如嗜温型乳酸菌。这些益生菌对人体有很多益处，如增强免疫力、促进肠道蠕动等。而普通酸奶中只有将牛奶变为酸奶的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌。益生菌在发酵过程中并不发挥主要作用，但在进入人体之后能够带来诸多益处。" ], [ "那么，益生菌酸奶的发酵过程是怎样的呢？", @@ -214989,7 +214989,7 @@ "history": [ [ "胡萝卜瘦肉汤\n胡萝卜瘦肉汤是一道菜品，主料为胡萝卜、瘦猪肉。\n中文名\n胡萝卜瘦肉汤\n主要原料\n胡萝卜，瘦肉\n是否含防腐剂\n否\n适宜人群\n老少皆宜\n \n胡萝卜瘦肉汤原料 \n胡萝卜、瘦猪肉\n胡萝卜瘦肉汤调味料 \n姜片、盐\n胡萝卜瘦肉汤制作过程 \n1. 瘦猪肉切块，放入滚水中氽烫，捞出备用。2. 胡萝卜去皮切成滚刀块。3. 锅中放入烫过的瘦肉块，加姜片，大火煮开，然后改中火煮30分钟，最后加入胡萝卜继续煮至熟烂，依个人口味加盐即可。\n胡萝卜瘦肉汤好处 \n胡罗卜里含有较多的维C,可以美容养颜。\n胡萝卜瘦肉汤胡萝卜营养含量 \n \n胡萝卜(8张)\n 维生素B10.02～0.04毫克，维生素B20.04～0.05毫克，维生素C12毫克，热量150.7千焦，另含果胶、淀粉、无机盐和多种氨基酸。各类品种中尤以深橘红色胡萝卜素含量最高，各种胡萝卜所含能量在79.5干焦～1339.8千焦之间。胡萝卜是一种质脆味美、营养丰富的家常蔬菜，素有“小人参”之称。胡萝卜富含糖类、脂肪、挥发油、胡萝卜素、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、花青素、钙、铁等营养成分。\n\n你好，请问胡萝卜瘦肉汤适合哪些人群食用？", - "你好，Human。胡萝卜瘦肉汤适宜老少皆宜的人群食用。因为胡萝卜和瘦肉都是营养丰富的食材，可以为人体提供多种必需的营养成分。同时，这道汤不含防腐剂，更适宜人们放心食用。" + "胡萝卜瘦肉汤适宜老少皆宜的人群食用。因为胡萝卜和瘦肉都是营养丰富的食材，可以为人体提供多种必需的营养成分。同时，这道汤不含防腐剂，更适宜人们放心食用。" ], [ "那么，胡萝卜瘦肉汤有哪些好处呢？", @@ -215171,7 +215171,7 @@ "history": [ [ "种村有菜\n种村有菜，女性，日本爱知县一宫市人，著名日本漫画家。她的首部发表作品是1996年的《第二次恋爱》。她的作品主要是少女漫画，其中的《神风怪盗贞德》和《寻找满月》曾被改编成电视动画。由于种村有菜希望有更多发展空间，在2011年与日本集英社《RIBON》月刊解除专属契约，以“自由漫画家”身份继续漫画生涯，同年开始于集英社《Margaret》月刊连载漫画《风男塾物语》，2013年开始连载漫画《猫与我的星期五》（猫と私の金曜日）。\n中文名\n种村有菜\n外文名\nArina Tanemura\n国 籍\n日本\n出生日期\n1978年3月12日\n职 业\n漫画家\n出生地\n日本爱知县\n代表作品\n神风怪盗贞德、寻找满月、绅士同盟\n罗马字\nTanemura Arina\n性 别\n女\n星 座\n双鱼座\n身 高\n154 cm\n \n纠错\n关闭纠错\n \n搭档\n桑岛法子\n 有错误588325\n已反馈\n \n种村有菜基本信息 \n本名：种村有菜(Arina Tanemura)性别：女花名：种村柚菜、种川有姬、公主、种村油菜、种村优菜职业：漫画家出生日期：昭和53年3月12日 / 1978年3月12日身高：154cm星座：双鱼座喜好吃的：奶奶煮的拉面 、洋葱、起司蛋糕讨厌的东西：虫子生物：海洋生物、猫、玫瑰、樱花颜色：红喜欢的艺人：DWONTOWN喜欢的音乐：风男塾、Hello Project、菅野よう子、坂本真绫喜欢的歌手：Berryz工房、早安少女组 \n动画版寻找满月(12张)\n 喜欢的电视节目：“HEY!HEY!HEY!”对自己有影响的人：宫崎骏、庵野秀明兴趣：唱歌其他：韵律操收藏品：动画片歌曲、CD、睡衣口头禅：不知道……（别误会……没有想到老师会喜欢说“不知道”）习惯：要听歌才能画漫画、一个人时会跳舞擅长：使用漫画专用墨水、画画要是没做漫画家会做什么：一个动漫的专业歌手或者声优已动画化作品：《神风怪盗贞德》《寻找满月》等\n种村有菜参与作品 \n种村有菜漫画作品\n \n樱姬华传漫画集(13张)\n\n请问种村有菜是谁？", - "你好，Human！种村有菜（Arina Tanemura）是一位日本著名漫画家。她来自日本爱知县一宫市，主要创作少女漫画。其代表作品包括《神风怪盗贞德》、《寻找满月》和《绅士同盟》。这些作品中，部分还被改编成了电视动画。2011年，她与日本集英社《RIBON》月刊解除专属契约，以自由漫画家的身份继续漫画生涯，并在后续的时间里创作了许多其他作品。" + "种村有菜（Arina Tanemura）是一位日本著名漫画家。她来自日本爱知县一宫市，主要创作少女漫画。其代表作品包括《神风怪盗贞德》、《寻找满月》和《绅士同盟》。这些作品中，部分还被改编成了电视动画。2011年，她与日本集英社《RIBON》月刊解除专属契约，以自由漫画家的身份继续漫画生涯，并在后续的时间里创作了许多其他作品。" ], [ "种村有菜的生日和星座是什么？", @@ -215194,7 +215194,7 @@ "history": [ [ "加法\n加法是基本的四则运算之一，它是指将两个或者两个以上的数、量合起来，变成一个数、量的计算。表达加法的符号为加号“+”。进行加法时以加号将各项连接起来。\n中文名\n加法\n外文名\nAddition\n符 号\n+\n学 科\n数学\n概 念\n物体和数字的重复\n定义的关系\n任何数学定义都由加法而来。\n写 法\nX+Y=Z\n \n加法加法简介 \n加法（通常用加号“+”表示）是算术的四个基本操作之一，其余的是减法，乘法和除法。 例如，在下面的图片中，共有三个苹果和两个苹果的组合，共计五个苹果。 该观察结果等同于数学表达式“3 + 2 = 5”，即“3加2等于5”。除了计算水果，也可以计算其他物理对象。 使用系统泛化，也可以在更抽象的数量上定义加法，例如整数，有理数，实数和复数以及其他抽象对象，如向量和矩阵。在算术中，已经设计了涉及分数和负数的加法规则。加法有几个重要的属性。 它是可交换的，这意味着顺序并不重要，它又是相互关联的，这意味着当添加两个以上的数字时，执行加法的顺序并不重要。 重复加1与计数相同； 加0不改变结果。 加法还遵循相关操作（如减法和乘法）。加法是最简单的数字任务之一。 最基本的加法：1 + 1，可以由五个月的婴儿，甚至其他动物物种进行计算。 在小学教育中，学生被教导在十进制系统中进行数字的叠加计算，从一位的数字开始，逐步解决更难的数字计算。\n加法符号和术语 \n加法用术语之间的加号“+”编写；结果用等号表示。 例如\n，\n还有一些情况，即使没有符号出现，一个数字紧随其后的一个分数表示混合数。例如，\n这个符号可能会引起争议，因为在大多数其他语境中，两个数字放在一起表示乘法。一系列相关数字的总和可以通过σ符号表示，表示迭代。 例如，\n\n请问加法是什么？", - "你好，Human。加法是数学中四则运算之一，是将两个或多个数或量组合在一起，变成一个数或量的计算方法。加法用加号“+”表示。例如，在数学表达式“3 + 2 = 5”中，3 和 2 是加数，5 是和。通过加法运算，人们可以更方便地处理和解决实际生活中的问题。" + "加法是数学中四则运算之一，是将两个或多个数或量组合在一起，变成一个数或量的计算方法。加法用加号“+”表示。例如，在数学表达式“3 + 2 = 5”中，3 和 2 是加数，5 是和。通过加法运算，人们可以更方便地处理和解决实际生活中的问题。" ], [ "请解释一下加法的可交换性和相互关联性。", @@ -215456,7 +215456,7 @@ "history": [ [ "摇摇头\n《摇摇头》是一首芭比娃娃演唱的歌曲，由阿丹填词，小龙谱曲编曲，2009年发行，收录于《摇头舞曲1》专辑中。\n中文名\n摇摇头\n所属专辑\n触电\n歌曲时长\n三分钟\n歌曲原唱\n芭比娃娃\n填 词\n阿丹\n谱 曲\n小龙\n编 曲\n小龙\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n中文\n发行时间\n2009\n导 演\n芭比娃娃\n 歌曲歌词怪怪你很做作我已忍受很久得了吧不要瞪着我长得不是很丑没有什么好说我闭着眼精我才不会对号入座拒绝你的要求我就开始摇头只是想快点解脱拒绝你的温柔我就开始摇头我对你不会盼望结果懒得迷惑come on 给我给我音乐管你哥哥妹妹要配给谁嘿come on 给我给我音乐我没多余力气陪你喝醉嘿come on 给我给我音乐管你哥哥妹妹要配给谁嘿come on 给我给我音乐我没多余力气陪你出轨yea yea yea怪怪你很做作我已忍受很久得了吧不要瞪着我长得不是很丑没有什么好说我闭着眼精我才不会对号入座拒绝你的要求我就开始摇头只是想快点解脱拒绝你的温柔我就开始摇头我对你不会盼望结果懒得迷惑come on 给我给我音乐管你哥哥妹妹要配给谁嘿come on 给我给我音乐我没多余力气陪你喝醉嘿come on 给我给我音乐管你哥哥妹妹要配给谁嘿come on 给我给我音乐我没多余力气陪你出轨yea yea yea嘿come oncome on 给我给我音乐管你哥哥妹妹要配给谁嘿come on 给我给我音乐我没多余力气陪你喝醉嘿come on 给我给我音乐我没多余力气陪你喝醉yea yea yea\n\n请问这首《摇摇头》是什么风格的歌曲？", - "你好，Human！这首《摇摇头》是一首流行风格的歌曲。" + "这首《摇摇头》是一首流行风格的歌曲。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么，请问这首歌曲是谁唱的呢？", @@ -215575,7 +215575,7 @@ "history": [ [ "三缸发动机\n三缸发动机是由三个气缸组成的发动机，在其内部，三个相同的单缸排列在一个机体上共用一根曲轴输出动力，主要作用是将化学能转换为机械能。三缸发动机其基本原理是利用汽油（柴油）化学能转化为热能时，密封汽缸内混合气体燃烧膨胀，从而推动活塞做功，将热能再转变为机械能。主要用途是为传统燃油汽车以及新能源混合动力车型提供动力。\n中文名\n三缸发动机\n外文名\nThree cylinde engine\n分 类\n直列三缸发动机\n定 义\n由三个气缸组成的发动机\n布置方式\n直列三缸\n产品优势\n油耗低、体积小重量轻\n \n三缸发动机基本简介 \n对于发动机来说，过小的单缸排量使得燃烧室面容比增大，导致热损失加大，发动机热效率明显降低；过大的单缸排量使得火焰传播距离加长，容易引发爆震，导致发动机热效率无明显改进甚至下降。经分析和实验验证， 0.33L-0.5L为最佳的单缸排量区间。\n三缸发动机主要优势 \n三缸发动机油耗低\n三缸发动机由于本身的结构优势，在油耗控制方面出色。发动机小型化使其体积更小、功率密度更大，发动机热效率更高。三缸发动机因为结构原因泵气损失会更低，并且由于缸体更小，其运转时摩擦损失也会更小，相应的散热损失也会降低。\n三缸发动机动力强劲\n在1.0L-1.5L排量这一排量区间范围内，因缸数少于四缸发动机，同排量下三缸发动机的单缸容积更大，低转速下动力反而更好；缸数少机械摩擦就小，缸数增加反而会降低单缸效率。三缸发动机相比四发动机有更快的动力响应和更强的动力性能。\n三缸发动机涡轮迟滞低\n三缸机相对于四缸机会有更小的排气干扰，搭配小惯量涡轮技术，三缸发动机相比于四缸发动机会有更好的低转扭矩和更小的涡轮迟滞。\n三缸发动机体积小重量轻\n三缸发动机体积小重量轻，能减轻整体车重，更小的体积也会节省发动机舱内的空间，为电气化部件提供空间。\n三缸发动机适合混动车型\n一方面，混合动力系统体积较大，三缸发动机紧凑的体积更适合混合动力系统；另一方面，三缸发动机效率更高。\n三缸发动机未来趋势 \n三缸发动机的未来发展趋势，向电动化、智能化、节能化的方向发展。三缸发动机热效率高，可与电动机组成混动系统。动力方面，低转速扭矩高，与电动机形成动力输出互补，改善车辆平顺性。三缸发动机在国内外汽车市场的比重不断提升。\n\n请问三缸发动机是什么？", - "你好，Human。三缸发动机是一种由三个气缸组成的发动机。三个相同的单缸排列在一个机体上共用一根曲轴输出动力。它的基本原理是利用汽油或柴油的化学能转化为热能，使燃油在密封的汽缸内燃烧膨胀，从而推动活塞做功，并将热能再转变为机械能。它主要用于为传统燃油汽车和新能源混合动力车型提供动力。" + "三缸发动机是一种由三个气缸组成的发动机。三个相同的单缸排列在一个机体上共用一根曲轴输出动力。它的基本原理是利用汽油或柴油的化学能转化为热能，使燃油在密封的汽缸内燃烧膨胀，从而推动活塞做功，并将热能再转变为机械能。它主要用于为传统燃油汽车和新能源混合动力车型提供动力。" ], [ "请问三缸发动机有什么优势？", @@ -215969,7 +215969,7 @@ "history": [ [ "野草\n《野草》是由2021年7月人民文学出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n野草\n作 者\n鲁迅\n类 别\n图书>小说>中国近现代小说\n出版社\n人民文学出版社\n出版时间\n2021年\n开 本\n32 开\n装 帧\n平装-胶订\nISBN\n9787020152629\n \n野草作品简介 \n本书出版于1927年，收《秋夜》《影的告别》《雪》《风筝》《好的故事》等鲁迅1924—1926年所作散文诗二十三篇。本书是一部瑰奇之作，以曲折幽晦的象征表达了20年代中期作者内心世界的苦闷和对现实社会的抗争。语言俏奇瑰丽，意象玄妙奇美。作品隐含着深邃的哲理性，意蕴甚为丰厚。本书中的多篇散文诗收入中学及大中专院校语文教材。\n野草作品目录 \n文前辅文题辞秋夜影的告别求乞者我的失恋复仇复仇（其二）希望雪风筝好的故事过客死火狗的驳诘失掉的好地狱墓碣文颓败线的颤动立论死后这样的战士聪明人和傻子和奴才腊叶淡淡的血痕中一觉\n\n请问《野草》这本书是什么风格的作品，作者是谁？", - "你好，Human！《野草》是一本散文诗作品集，作者是著名的中国文学家鲁迅。这本书收录了他1924-1926年所创作的23篇散文诗，作品以其曲折幽晦的象征表达了20世纪20年代中期作者内心世界的苦闷和对现实社会的抗争。语言瑰丽，意象奇美，隐含的深邃哲理和丰富的意蕴使得这本书具有非常高的文学价值。" + "《野草》是一本散文诗作品集，作者是著名的中国文学家鲁迅。这本书收录了他1924-1926年所创作的23篇散文诗，作品以其曲折幽晦的象征表达了20世纪20年代中期作者内心世界的苦闷和对现实社会的抗争。语言瑰丽，意象奇美，隐含的深邃哲理和丰富的意蕴使得这本书具有非常高的文学价值。" ], [ "《野草》这本书是哪一年出版的？", @@ -216053,7 +216053,7 @@ "history": [ [ "出口\n《出口》是由唐宁作词、作曲，张学瀚编曲，唐宁演唱的歌曲，发行于2020年5月11日。\n收录于同名专辑《出口》中。\n中文名\n出口\n所属专辑\n出口\n歌曲时长\n5分14秒\n歌曲原唱\n唐宁\n填 词\n唐宁\n谱 曲\n唐宁\n编 曲\n张学瀚\n发行日期\n2020年5月11日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n出口歌曲信息 \n出口 - 唐宁\n词：唐宁曲：唐宁制作人：陈柏全编曲：张学瀚录音室：强力录音室录音师：彭成意混音师：彭成意OP：上海振鹂文化传播有限公司发行公司：梦响当然音乐文化传播（上海）有限公司\n出口歌曲歌词 \n我站在夕阳里看背光的车行拥挤像着急的蚂蚁 无处逃离也许 你向往的也许 有太多不适应也许 说 sorry 已来不及这城市喧闹不安定你要去哪里所谓的归属像奔跑的闹铃也许 你向往的也许 有太多不适应也许 说 sorry 已来不及离开 温暖的熟悉像灿烂的灯火被禁锢在黑夜 黑夜里回忆 真实藏心底完美演出 能不能掩饰 太多的困境困境 围堵这城市把你和我分离勇敢 是冒险的旅行出口在你心里这城市喧闹不安定你要去哪里所谓的归属像奔跑的闹铃也许 你向往的也许 有太多不适应也许 说 sorry 已来不及离开 温暖的熟悉像灿烂的灯火被禁锢在黑夜 黑夜里回忆 真实藏心底完美演出 能不能掩饰 太多的困境困境 围堵这城市把你和我分离勇敢 是冒险的旅行出口在你心里每个人的心里害怕面对的心里\n\n请问《出口》是什么歌呢？", - "你好，Human。《出口》是一首歌曲，由唐宁作词、作曲并演唱。这首歌发行于2020年5月11日，收录在同名专辑《出口》中。这首歌的编曲为张学瀚，歌曲时长为5分14秒。了解这些基本信息，可以帮助你对这首歌有一个初步的认识。" + "《出口》是一首歌曲，由唐宁作词、作曲并演唱。这首歌发行于2020年5月11日，收录在同名专辑《出口》中。这首歌的编曲为张学瀚，歌曲时长为5分14秒。了解这些基本信息，可以帮助你对这首歌有一个初步的认识。" ], [ "请问这首歌的制作人和录音室是谁？", @@ -216678,7 +216678,7 @@ "history": [ [ "一气呵成汉语成语\n一气呵成，汉语成语，拼音是yī qì hē chéng，①形容文章的气势首尾贯通。②形容完成整个工作的过程中不间断，不松懈。\n出自《诗薮·近体中》。\n中文名\n一气呵成\n拼 音\nyī qì hē chéng\n注 音\nㄧ ㄑㄧˋ ㄏㄜ ㄔㄥˊ\n出 处\n《诗薮·近体中》\n \n一气呵成成语出处 \n明胡应麟《诗薮·近体中》：若“风急天高”，则一篇之中句句皆律，一句之中字字皆律，而实一意贯穿，一气呵成。\n一气呵成成语用法 \n偏正式，作谓语，定语，状语。含褒义，还有很多意义等等。\n示例他一气呵成地完成了一幅山水画，大家拍手叫好。三月的北京，春意盎然。大家一连三周没休息，终于一气呵成地完成了任务。\n一气呵成成语辨析 \n近义词：一鼓作气、势如破竹、行云流水。反义词：一波三折、老牛破车、碎打零敲。\n\n你好，请问“一气呵成”这个成语是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！“一气呵成”是一个汉语成语，有两个方面的含义。第一个含义是形容文章的气势首尾贯通，即在内容和表达上连贯一致。第二个含义是形容完成整个工作的过程中不间断、不松懈。这个成语出自明代胡应麟的《诗薮·近体中》。" + "“一气呵成”是一个汉语成语，有两个方面的含义。第一个含义是形容文章的气势首尾贯通，即在内容和表达上连贯一致。第二个含义是形容完成整个工作的过程中不间断、不松懈。这个成语出自明代胡应麟的《诗薮·近体中》。" ], [ "明白了，请问一下，“一气呵成”这个成语在句子中怎么用呢？", @@ -217254,7 +217254,7 @@ "history": [ [ "明星大侦探第一季2016年芒果TV推出的明星推理综艺秀\n《明星大侦探第一季》是芒果TV推出的明星推理综艺秀，第一季常驻嘉宾有何炅、撒贝宁、王鸥、吴映洁（鬼鬼）、白敬亭、大张伟。节目每期设定一个故事为剧情背景，各位玩家需要同侦探通过阐述不在场证明、现场搜证、集中推理等方式指认嫌疑人。节目于2016年3月27日起每周日晚20:00在芒果TV播出。\n于2016年6月23日收官。\n中文名\n明星大侦探第一季\n外文名\nWho's the murderer Ⅰ\n别 名\n明星大侦探1\n国家/地区\n中国大陆\n类 型\n明星角色扮演推理游戏\n主要嘉宾\n何炅、撒贝宁、王鸥、吴映洁、白敬亭、大张伟\n制作公司\n芒果TV\n首播时间\n2016年3月27日\n播出时间\n每周日晚20:00\n导 演\n何忱\n每集长度\n约 90 分钟\n播出状态\n已完结\n在线播放平台\n芒果TV\n期 数\n12期+1期先导片+1期后续篇\n节目口号\n明星大侦探，大白吧真相！\n \n同义词\n明星大侦探1一般指明星大侦探第一季\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n明星大侦探第一季节目形式 \n明星大侦探第一季节目背景\n《明星大侦探》节目创意源自韩国JTBC台的《犯罪现场》。\n2016年，视频行业快速发展，内容、用户、营销作为拉动视频网站的三驾马车，成为了各家视频网站争夺重点。为此，芒果TV连续推出了《超级女声》、《明星大侦探》、《香蕉打卡》等自制综艺节目。《明星大侦探》差异化内容，为年轻用户量身打造综艺版《唐人街探案》。节目内容融合了“密室逃脱+杀人游戏”两个时下最流行的游戏，以特定空间中发生的神秘杀人事件为背景。\n明星大侦探第一季节目特色\n《明星大侦探》作为明星推理综艺秀，内容包括“30%跌宕剧情+40%综艺搞笑+30%智能推理”，堪称综艺版的《唐人街探案》。\n《明星大侦探》剧情设计高度还原现实场景，紧扣时代主题即聚人气更接地气，观众和明星玩家一起化身正义的侦探，一起抽丝剥茧寻找案情真相，合作的广告主也将在美誉度和亲民度上收获更多好评，而且《明星大侦探》悬疑情的设置以及首创RPG模式，可以让观众再同一期节目享受5个不同视角的版本。\n明星大侦探第一季节目环节\n \n第零期 名侦探的聚集(6张)\n\n请问《明星大侦探第一季》是什么类型的节目？", - "你好，Human！《明星大侦探第一季》是一档明星推理综艺秀，内容包括\"30%跌宕剧情+40%综艺搞笑+30%智能推理\"。节目每期设定一个故事为剧情背景，各位玩家需要同侦探通过阐述不在场证明、现场搜证、集中推理等方式指认嫌疑人。" + "《明星大侦探第一季》是一档明星推理综艺秀，内容包括\"30%跌宕剧情+40%综艺搞笑+30%智能推理\"。节目每期设定一个故事为剧情背景，各位玩家需要同侦探通过阐述不在场证明、现场搜证、集中推理等方式指认嫌疑人。" ], [ "第一季的常驻嘉宾都有哪些人呢？", @@ -217556,7 +217556,7 @@ "history": [ [ "魔法纪录SHAFT改编的电视动画\n电视动画片《魔法纪录》改自Magica Quartet原作的同名手游，是《魔法少女小圆》的外传作品。该作由SHAFT负责动画制作，第1期于2020年1月4日至3月28日播出\n，全13话。该作第2期制作进行中。\n中文名\n魔法纪录\n原版名称\nマギアレコード 魔法少女まどか☆マギカ外伝\n别 名\nMagia Record 魔法少女小圆外传，魔法纪录 魔法少女小圆外传\n动画制作\nSHAFT\n类 型\n少女，冒险，奇幻，战斗\n原作者\nMagica Quartet\n地 区\n日本\n角色设计\n苍树梅（原案）、谷口淳一郎\n导 演\n剧团狗咖喱（泥犬）、宫本幸裕（副）\n编 剧\n剧团狗咖喱（泥犬）\n作画监督\n谷口淳一郎、杉山延宽、山村洋贵\n主要配音\n麻仓桃、雨宫天、夏川椎菜、佐仓绫音、小仓唯、小松未可子、大桥彩香、石原夏织、花泽香菜、加藤英美里\n首播电视台\nTOKYO MX、群马电视台、栃木电视台\n音 乐\n尾泽拓实\n播放期间\n2020年1月4日—3月28日\n其他电视台\nMBS\nAT-X\n网络播放\nbilibili（中国大陆）\n \n魔法纪录剧情简介 \n \n主视觉图(10张)\n 与愿望的实现相反，不为人知的持续战斗的魔法少女们。但是环彩羽却忘记了自己的愿望。“当我成为魔法少女时，我许了什么愿望？”在日常生活中突然出现空洞。那些已经失去的重要的东西。毫无理由持续战斗的每天……从那时起，有传言在魔法少女们之间纷传。“如果去神滨，魔法少女就会被拯救”神滨市是魔法少女和传言聚集的城市。为了寻求失去的愿望，环彩羽的故事开始了——\n魔法纪录角色介绍\n\n请问《魔法纪录》这部动画是哪一年播放的？", - "你好，Human！《魔法纪录》第一期是在2020年1月4日至3月28日播放的，总共有13话。" + "《魔法纪录》第一期是在2020年1月4日至3月28日播放的，总共有13话。" ], [ "这部动画的原作是基于什么？", @@ -217996,7 +217996,7 @@ "history": [ [ "轮子\n《轮子》是2013年江苏凤凰教育出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n轮子\n作 者\n刁莹绘画\n出版社\n江苏凤凰教育出版社\n出版时间\n2013年10月\n开 本\n32 开\nISBN\n9787549935055\n \n内容简介《pbaby彩虹书》简介及特点分析：1.pbaby彩虹书以逼真的“蝴蝶”形状设计，调动了孩子“好玩”、“好奇”的天性，让你的孩子在游戏中学习，也真正做到寓教于乐。2.pbaby彩虹书采用EVA泡棉环保材料制作而成，形式新颖，颜色鲜艳、趣味十足。具有手掌大、撕不烂、耐脏、可清洗等特点。3.根据《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》精神编写，图书内容不仅包含有趣的童话故事，也蕴含了对人的社会性特质的培养。《轮子》中有些反复的语句，符合幼儿的认识喜好。4.pbaby彩虹书借鉴国外先进的早期教育模式，自主研发的这套立体的玩具书，能激发幼儿主动学习的欲望，是儿童启蒙教育之必备品。\n\n请问你对《轮子》这本书有什么了解吗？", - "你好，Human！《轮子》是一本由刁莹创作、江苏凤凰教育出版社于2013年10月出版的图书。这本书属于pbaby彩虹书系列，以逼真的“蝴蝶”形状设计，旨在调动孩子的好奇心和玩耍天性。它采用EVA泡棉环保材料制作，具有手掌大、撕不烂、耐脏和可清洗等特点。根据《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》精神编写，内容包括有趣的童话故事以及对人的社会性特质的培养。这套立体的玩具书是儿童启蒙教育的必备品。" + "《轮子》是一本由刁莹创作、江苏凤凰教育出版社于2013年10月出版的图书。这本书属于pbaby彩虹书系列，以逼真的“蝴蝶”形状设计，旨在调动孩子的好奇心和玩耍天性。它采用EVA泡棉环保材料制作，具有手掌大、撕不烂、耐脏和可清洗等特点。根据《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》精神编写，内容包括有趣的童话故事以及对人的社会性特质的培养。这套立体的玩具书是儿童启蒙教育的必备品。" ], [ "pbaby彩虹书的形状为什么是蝴蝶形状？", @@ -218125,7 +218125,7 @@ "history": [ [ "人民英雄纪念碑\n人民英雄纪念碑，位于河南省焦作市解放路中段\n。1958年4月22日，人民英雄纪念碑建成。人民英雄纪念碑是为了纪念公元1840年开始，为反对内外敌人、争取民族独立和人民自由幸福，在斗争中牺牲的人民英雄们而兴建\n。\n中文名\n人民英雄纪念碑\n外文名\nMonument to the People's Heroes\n地理位置\n河南省焦作市解放路中段\n投用时间\n1958年4月22日\n \n人民英雄纪念碑历史沿革 \n1958年4月22日，人民英雄纪念碑建成\n。\n人民英雄纪念碑碑刻造型 \n人民英雄纪念碑碑身刻着 “人民英雄永垂不朽”\n。\n\n请问你知道人民英雄纪念碑是在哪个城市吗？", - "你好，Human！人民英雄纪念碑位于河南省焦作市解放路中段。这座纪念碑是为了纪念从公元1840年开始，为反对内外敌人、争取民族独立和人民自由幸福，在斗争中牺牲的人民英雄们而兴建的。" + "人民英雄纪念碑位于河南省焦作市解放路中段。这座纪念碑是为了纪念从公元1840年开始，为反对内外敌人、争取民族独立和人民自由幸福，在斗争中牺牲的人民英雄们而兴建的。" ], [ "人民英雄纪念碑是什么时候建成的呢？", @@ -218347,7 +218347,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大江大河3正午阳光出品，王凯、杨烁、董子健主演当代剧\n《大江大河3》是由东阳正午阳光影视有限公司出品，侯鸿亮制片，李雪执导，唐尧、马骋怡编剧，王凯、杨烁、董子健、杨采钰领衔主演的当代剧\n。该剧是《大江大河》系列电视剧的第三部\n。\n中文名\n大江大河3\n外文名\nLike a Flowing River 3\n类 型\n当代\n出品公司\n东阳正午阳光影视公司\n编 剧\n唐尧\n制片人\n侯鸿亮\n主 演\n王凯 、杨烁、董子健、杨采钰\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n大江大河3剧情简介 \n暂无\n大江大河3演职员表 \n大江大河3演员表\n \n \n王凯 饰 宋运辉\n-\n \n \n杨烁 饰 雷东宝\n-\n \n \n董子健 饰 杨巡\n-\n \n \n杨采钰 饰 -\n-\n大江大河3职员表\n制作人\n侯鸿亮\n编剧\n唐尧\n大江大河3播出信息 \n2019年8月，该剧编剧宣布《大江大河》系列电视剧有第三部\n。2020年12月16日，正午阳光董事长侯鸿亮宣布《大江大河3》剧本正在创作中\n。2021年10月15日，爱奇艺发布了该剧的海报以及阵容\n。\n\n请问电视剧《大江大河3》是出自哪家制片公司的作品？", - "你好，Human！《大江大河3》是由东阳正午阳光影视有限公司出品的。这部电视剧是《大江大河》系列的第三部作品，该公司在制作这部剧的过程中负责了剧集的制作和出品。他们在制作过程中，招募了杰出的演员和团队成员来共同完成这部作品。东阳正午阳光影视有限公司以其对高质量电视剧的执着，获得了业内的广泛认可。" + "《大江大河3》是由东阳正午阳光影视有限公司出品的。这部电视剧是《大江大河》系列的第三部作品，该公司在制作这部剧的过程中负责了剧集的制作和出品。他们在制作过程中，招募了杰出的演员和团队成员来共同完成这部作品。东阳正午阳光影视有限公司以其对高质量电视剧的执着，获得了业内的广泛认可。" ], [ "谢谢回答！那编剧和导演是谁？", @@ -219502,7 +219502,7 @@ "history": [ [ "李香琴中国香港影视女演员\n中文名\n李香琴\n外文名\nLee Hong Kum\n别 名\n李瑞琴\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n出生地\n广东顺德\n出生日期\n1932年1月13日\n逝世日期\n2021年1月4日\n星 座\n摩羯座\n毕业院校\n澳门励群小学\n职 业\n演员\n经纪公司\nTVB\n代表作品\n黄飞鸿三戏女镖师、汉武帝梦会卫夫人、鸳鸯江遗恨、街市皇后、倚天屠龙记、家有喜事2009、花田喜事2010、最强喜事、八星抱喜、黄飞鸿大闹花灯\n主要成就\n2011万千星辉颁奖典礼万千光辉演艺人大奖\n \n基本信息\n李香琴早年经历 \n李香琴原名李瑞琴，出生于广东顺德，父亲在澳门经营米铺、钱庄生意，入读励群小学，在中国澳门居住；从小爱好粤剧，14岁时，读初中的李香琴从小爱好粤剧，迷上了名伶任剑辉，更矢志入戏行，16岁，正式踏足舞台，曾有“二帮王”（“二帮”即粤剧中的第一女配角）之称。于抗日战争时期，香港沦陷，许多粤剧名伶到澳门演出。她先后拜师小莺莺、谭秀珍、卢海天学艺，入戏行两年多得到陈锦棠赏识，栽培她成为“锦添花剧团”第四花旦\n。\n李香琴演艺经历 \n1956年，参演个人首部武侠片《黄飞鸿大闹花灯》在片中饰演侍婢菊香\n；同年，出演由关德兴、梁無相主要的武侠系列片《黄飞鸿三戏女镖师》上映，在片中饰演胭脂虎一角\n。1959年，主演的古装片《汉武帝梦会卫夫人》上映\n。1960年，拍摄了第一部扮演反派角色的武侠片《鸳鸯江遗恨》\n。1964年，出演喜剧《街市皇后》在剧中饰演苏菲；同年，与任冰儿、朱日红、金影怜、英丽梨、梁素琴、许卿卿、黎坤莲、谭倩红结义金兰，号称“九大姐”以李香琴排行最长。她们合资创立“香城影业公司”拍摄过一部创业作喜剧片《香城九凤》，并由几位金兰姐妹共同演出\n。1972年，李香琴加盟无线电视，成为长寿综艺节目《欢乐今宵》台柱之一\n。1974年，与谭炳文合办欢乐影片公司，首次以主角身份演出喜剧《大乡里》\n。1980年，参演言情剧《亲情》在剧中饰演苏瑞芳；同年，参演爱情剧《网中人》在剧中饰演杨庆云，李香琴转投电视之後，一改戏路，由奸角改饰演慈母的角色，深获好评。1986年，参演武侠剧《倚天屠龙记》在剧中饰演灭绝师太\n；同年，参演武侠剧《陆小凤之凤舞九天》，在片中饰演花满楼母亲。1987年，参演古装剧《大运河》，在剧中饰演独孤皇后\n；同年至1991年间，她先后接拍贺岁片《八星报喜》及《家有囍事》，当中以于后者饰演常母一角深入民心\n\n请问李香琴是哪个国家和民族的演员？", - "你好，Human！李香琴是中国的演员，她的民族是汉族。如果你需要获取更多关于李香琴的信息，请随时提问。" + "李香琴是中国的演员，她的民族是汉族。如果你需要获取更多关于李香琴的信息，请随时提问。" ], [ "李香琴的出生地和出生日期分别是哪里和哪一天？", @@ -219544,7 +219544,7 @@ "history": [ [ "呼格吉勒图内蒙古师范大学教授\n呼格吉勒图，蒙古族，1956年2月生。主要从事《世界经济地理》、《世界自然地理》、《世界地理》、《蒙古地理》、《蒙古族历史地理》、《区域地理学与研究方法》等课程的教学和研究工作。\n中文名\n呼格吉勒图\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n蒙古族\n出生日期\n1956年2月\n毕业院校\n内蒙古师范学院\n \n呼格吉勒图人物经历 \n1982年毕业于内蒙古师范学院地理系，获理学学士学位，教授，硕士生导师，现任内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院党总支书记。社会兼职中国地理学会会员，全国经济地理研究会会员，内蒙古地理学会会员，全国高校世界经济地理研究会理事，内蒙古地理教育研究会理事，内蒙古草原文化保护发展基金会会员。\n呼格吉勒图主要贡献 \n呼格吉勒图论著教材\n1、呼格吉勒图 布仁主编 世界地理 人民出版社出版 2002年7月。2、满都呼 呼格吉勒图主编 中国地理 内蒙古大学出版社 2002年10月。3、朝乐门 呼格吉勒图等 地理教育学 内蒙古师范大学 2004年4月。4、呼格吉勒图转写草原畜牧业地理学 巴扎尔古日博士著 内蒙古人民出版社 2008年8月。5、参编《环境与可持续发展》 中国环境科学出版社 2007年9月。6、参编《牧区发展与草地资源可持续利用》 内蒙古人民出版社 2008年6月。7、参编《汉蒙对照地理名词术语词典》 内蒙古教育出版社 1988年6月。\n呼格吉勒图学术论文\n\n请问呼格吉勒图教授主要从事哪些课程的教学和研究工作？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，呼格吉勒图教授主要从事以下课程的教学和研究工作：《世界经济地理》、《世界自然地理》、《世界地理》、《蒙古地理》、《蒙古族历史地理》以及《区域地理学与研究方法》。这些课程涵盖了世界和蒙古地区的地理学知识，对于学生来说是很好的学习资源。" + "根据提供的信息，呼格吉勒图教授主要从事以下课程的教学和研究工作：《世界经济地理》、《世界自然地理》、《世界地理》、《蒙古地理》、《蒙古族历史地理》以及《区域地理学与研究方法》。这些课程涵盖了世界和蒙古地区的地理学知识，对于学生来说是很好的学习资源。" ], [ "呼格吉勒图教授曾获得的学位和担任的职务是什么？", @@ -219689,7 +219689,7 @@ "history": [ [ "归还世界给你王铮亮演唱歌曲\n《归还世界给你》是电视剧《归还世界给你》同名片尾曲，由王海涛作词，王铮亮作曲并演唱\n。\n中文名\n归还世界给你\n歌曲时长\n04:33\n发行时间\n2019年7月17日\n歌曲原唱\n王铮亮\n填 词\n王海涛\n谱 曲\n王铮亮\n编 曲\n何山\n音乐风格\nSoundtrack\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n归还世界给你基本信息 \n归还世界给你 - 王铮亮词：王海涛曲：王铮亮编曲：何山制作：王铮亮监制：周品录音混音母带处理：时俊峰@福达录音棚鼓手：武勇恒鼓录音师：李杨@55TEC Studio弦乐：国际首席爱乐乐团弦乐监制：胡静成弦乐录音师：李昕达@九紫天诚和声/和声编写：鱼椒盐音乐出品：燃音乐\n归还世界给你歌曲歌词 \n只顾向前走 忘了看四周你疲倦了没有 有没有烦忧这么大的地球 足够我们回头足够挥手 千百万次遗憾垒成 几层楼这世界的每个角落连同失散的这个我全都归还到你的手里弥补了蹉跎那曾不得已的逃脱给生命留下的曲折以后的生活 坎坷或快乐都有个我只顾向前走 忘了看四周你疲倦了没有 有没有烦忧这么大的地球 足够我们回头足够挥手 千百万次遗憾垒成 几层楼这世界的每个角落连同失散的这个我全都归还到你的手里弥补了蹉跎那曾不得已的逃脱给生命留下的曲折以后的生活 坎坷或快乐都有个我决定了为爱而活为了曾深爱的掩面哭过走过最颠簸的那条路引着我尝命运的幸福痛苦没想过回头这世界的每个角落连同失散的这个我全都归还到你的手里弥补了蹉跎那曾不得已的逃脱给生命留下的曲折此刻听我说 以后的快乐都交给我此刻听我说 以后的快乐都交给我\n\n你好，请问这首《归还世界给你》是什么类型的歌曲？谁是原唱呢？", - "你好，Human！这首《归还世界给你》是一首Soundtrack类型的歌曲，是电视剧《归还世界给你》的同名片尾曲。歌曲的原唱是王铮亮。" + "这首《归还世界给你》是一首Soundtrack类型的歌曲，是电视剧《归还世界给你》的同名片尾曲。歌曲的原唱是王铮亮。" ], [ "那这首歌曲的创作团队是谁呢？", @@ -219993,7 +219993,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣诞帽圣诞物品\n圣诞帽（Christmas hat）与圣诞树、圣诞袜一样，是圣诞节不可或缺的物品之一。 它是一顶红色帽子，据说晚上戴上睡觉除了睡得安稳和有点暖外，第二天你还会发现帽子里多了点心爱的人送的礼物。在狂欢夜它更是全场的主角，无论你到那个角落，都会看到各式各样的红帽子，有的是帽尖发亮的，有的是金光闪闪的。随着社会的进步，圣诞帽的样式也越来越多种多样。\n中文名\n圣诞帽\n外文名\nChristmas hat\n特 点\n是圣诞节不可或缺的物品之一\n性 质\n一顶红色帽子\n \n圣诞帽传说 \n传说据说有一位农民在一个风雪交加的圣诞夜里接待了一个饥寒交迫的小孩，让他吃了一顿丰盛的圣诞晚餐，这个孩子告别时折了一根杉树枝插在地上并祝福说：“年年此日，礼物满枝，留此美丽的杉树，报答你的好意。”小孩走后，农民发现那树枝竟变成了一棵小树，他才明白自己接待的原来是一位上帝的使者。这个故事就成为圣诞树的来源。在西方，不论是否基督徒，过圣诞节时都要准备一棵圣诞树，以增加节日的欢乐气氛。圣诞树一般是用杉柏之类的常绿树做成，象征生命长存。树上装饰着各种灯烛、彩花、玩具、星星，挂上各种圣诞礼物。圣诞之夜，人们围着圣诞树唱歌跳舞，尽情欢乐。\n圣诞帽衍生风俗 \n从前有一个心地善良的贵族，他的妻子因病去逝，抛下他和他的三个女儿。这个贵族尝试了不少发明，都失败了，但也因此耗尽了钱财，所以他们不得不搬到一家农舍里生活，他的女儿们也只得亲自烧煮、缝纫和打扫。一晃几年过去，女儿们陆续到了出嫁的年龄，父亲却变得更加沮丧，因为他没钱给女儿们买嫁妆。一天晚上，女儿们洗完衣服后将长统袜挂在壁炉前烘干。圣人Nicholas知道了她们父亲的境况后，就在那天晚上，来到她们的家门前。他从窗口看到一家人都已睡着了，同时也注意到了女孩们的长统袜。随即，他从口袋里掏出三小包黄金从烟囱上一个个投下去，刚好掉在女孩们的长统袜里。第二天早上，女儿们醒来发现她们的长统袜里装满了金子，足够供她们买嫁妆了。这个贵族也因此能亲眼看到他的女儿们结婚，从此便过上了幸福快乐的生活。后来，世界各地的孩子们都继承了悬挂圣诞袜的传统。有些国家的孩子则有其它类似的风俗，如在法国，孩子们将鞋子放在壁炉旁等等。\n\n请问圣诞帽是什么样的帽子呢？", - "你好，Human。圣诞帽是一顶红色的帽子，它是圣诞节不可或缺的物品之一。在狂欢夜它更是全场的主角，无论你到那个角落，都会看到各式各样的红帽子，有的是帽尖发亮的，有的是金光闪闪的。随着社会的进步，圣诞帽的样式也越来越多种多样。" + "圣诞帽是一顶红色的帽子，它是圣诞节不可或缺的物品之一。在狂欢夜它更是全场的主角，无论你到那个角落，都会看到各式各样的红帽子，有的是帽尖发亮的，有的是金光闪闪的。随着社会的进步，圣诞帽的样式也越来越多种多样。" ] ] }, @@ -220050,7 +220050,7 @@ "history": [ [ "HIB疫苗\nHib疫苗又称b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗，Hib是b型流感嗜血杆菌的简称。Hib是一种引起婴幼儿严重疾病，甚至死亡的致病菌。Hib疫苗，是由纯化的Hib荚膜多糖与破伤风类毒素共价结合生产的Hib结合疫苗，接种Hib疫苗是目前预防Hib感染最有效的措施。由于抗生素的滥用，细菌的耐药性逐渐增强，治疗效果逐渐下降，且抗生素不能避免后遗症的发生，因此，对婴幼儿进行免疫接种预防感染十分重要。\n药品名称\nHib疫苗\n别 名\n流感嗜血杆菌疫苗\n是否处方药\n非处方药\n主要适用症\n预防Hib感染\n不良反应\n发热、接种局部红斑和肿块或硬结\n \nHIB疫苗预防疾病 \nb型流感嗜血杆菌(Hib)为嗜血杆菌属，革兰氏阴性球杆菌。可导致多种侵袭性疾病，如脑膜炎、肺炎、会厌炎、败血症、蜂窝组织炎、心包炎、脊髓炎等。 全球每年约300万儿童受到感染，造成40～70万儿童死亡。在我国，化脓性脑膜炎的50%左右、肺炎的30%左右是由Hib引起的。1、Hib引起脑膜炎，一种能危及生命的脑部疾病。在发展中国家，Hib引起脑膜炎的死亡率可达到20%--50%。在世界各地每年死于Hib脑膜炎的儿童估计超过50000人。患脑膜炎后的幸存儿亦可能出现后遗症，包括：行为不正常、运动障碍、听力障碍、 抽搐、 视力问题、智力发育障碍、言语不协调或障碍2、Hib引起会厌炎，一种能危及生命的气道阻塞性疾病。Hib对会厌（喉部组织）的感染能引起：肿胀、呼吸困难、需要紧急治疗、甚至死亡。3、Hib引起其他疾病：菌血症，一种能危及生命的全身性感染。肺炎，在世界各地，每年死于Hib肺炎的儿童估计超过500000人。心包炎，一种可引致死亡的心脏感染。由长期关节问题引致的脓毒性关节炎。\nHIB疫苗研发历史\n\n你好，请问HIB疫苗是用来预防什么疾病的？", - "你好，Human！HIB疫苗主要用于预防b型流感嗜血杆菌（Hib）感染所引发的疾病。Hib是一种革兰氏阴性球杆菌，它可以导致多种侵袭性疾病，如脑膜炎、肺炎、会厌炎、败血症、蜂窝组织炎、心包炎和脊髓炎等。在全球范围内，每年约有300万儿童受到Hib感染，造成40-70万儿童死亡。因此接种HIB疫苗能有效预防这些疾病的发生。" + "HIB疫苗主要用于预防b型流感嗜血杆菌（Hib）感染所引发的疾病。Hib是一种革兰氏阴性球杆菌，它可以导致多种侵袭性疾病，如脑膜炎、肺炎、会厌炎、败血症、蜂窝组织炎、心包炎和脊髓炎等。在全球范围内，每年约有300万儿童受到Hib感染，造成40-70万儿童死亡。因此接种HIB疫苗能有效预防这些疾病的发生。" ], [ "HIB疫苗有什么不良反应？", @@ -220187,7 +220187,7 @@ "history": [ [ "李阳\n李阳，男，1986年10月20日出生于安徽，毕业于中国传媒大学，中国内地影视男演员。2004年因主演大型革命历史题材电视剧《非常岁月》中饰演邓小平的儿子“邓质方”而备受关注。2008年主演电视剧《十一级台阶》，2010年主演电视剧《红军东征》，2014年主演《忠者无敌》，2015主演电视剧《大牧歌》。\n中文名\n李阳\n国 籍\n中国\n出生地\n安徽亳州市\n出生日期\n1986年10月20日\n毕业院校\n中国传媒大学\n职 业\n演员\n代表作品\n非常岁月、十一级台阶、红军东征、忠者无敌、大牧歌\n主要成就\n2001年安徽少儿戏曲梅花奖“三等奖”\n \n李阳早年经历 \n1999年考入安徽阜阳艺校学习戏曲武生，2001年获安徽少儿戏曲梅花奖“三等奖”，2002年进京学习表演。\n \n李阳写真(4张)\n \n李阳演艺经历 \n \n李阳生活照(3张)\n 2004年主演大型革命历史题材电视剧《非常岁月》饰演邓小平的儿子“邓质方”，自此开始演艺事业。2005年在黄圣依，杨子主演的现代剧《凭什么爱你》中饰演“阿呆”，黄圣依，杨子主演的古装剧《天仙配》中饰演“狗剩”。2007年在郭凯敏，赵恒煊，杜源主演的古装剧《王屋山下的传说》中饰演四王子“邵式北”。2008年和沙溢，文清等搭档主演了军旅题材电视剧《十一级台阶》饰演“郭小江”。2010年和曹曦文，马跃等搭档主演电视剧《黄梅戏宗师传奇》饰演“邢东木”，以及张绍林导演的大型革命历史题材《红军东征》中饰演“胡耀邦”。2011年与孙菲菲，王斑主演电视剧《麻古献寿》饰演“麻文房”。2012在陈家林导演的电视剧《楚汉争雄》中饰演秦三世“子婴”。2013年在张子键主演的电视剧《神探包青天》中饰演大反派西下太子“李经纬“。2014年在陈浩威导演的电视剧《忠者无敌》中饰演”马炮“。2015年在李舒导演的电视剧《大牧歌》中饰演”童子良“。\n2016年电影《末栈》饰演‘张天一,合作演员‘林雪’,导演:沈文帅。\n2017年电视剧《毛泽东寻乌调查》饰演‘楚又良’,合作演员‘候京健’,导演:李舒。\n2018年电视剧《第三警区》饰演‘张亮’,合作演员‘邵峰,沈泰,徐百卉’,导演:邵峰。\n2019电影《对联神童凌大岫》饰演‘凌真’,导演:沈文帅。 电影《生死坚守》饰演‘潘汉年’,合作演员‘郑奇’,导演:姚兰。\n参演电视剧 \n李阳剧照(22张)\n\n你好，请问你对李阳这个演员了解吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，我了解李阳这位演员。他是一位中国内地的影视男演员，出生于1986年10月20日，毕业于中国传媒大学。他因主演电视剧《非常岁月》而备受关注，其它代表作品包括《十一级台阶》、《红军东征》、《忠者无敌》和《大牧歌》。" + "是的，我了解李阳这位演员。他是一位中国内地的影视男演员，出生于1986年10月20日，毕业于中国传媒大学。他因主演电视剧《非常岁月》而备受关注，其它代表作品包括《十一级台阶》、《红军东征》、《忠者无敌》和《大牧歌》。" ], [ "李阳的早年经历是怎样的？", @@ -220282,7 +220282,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海洋王国\n继取得巨大成功后，雅克·贝汉和雅克·克鲁奥德再度联手续写传奇。这部关于海洋生命的纪录片，一共4部分，于2012年上映。\n中文名\n海洋王国\n外文名\nKingdom of the Oceans\n制片地区\n法国\n上映时间\n2011年\n \n海洋王国基本信息 \n中文片名: 海洋王国英文片名: Kingdom of the Oceans国家地区: 法国影片类型: 纪录片资源格式: 720P,1080P上影时间: 2011导　演: 雅克·贝汉 Jacques Perrin主　演: Stéphane Durand and François Sarano\n海洋王国影片简介\n\n请问《海洋王国》是一部什么类型的纪录片，有哪些主要内容？", - "你好，Human！《海洋王国》是一部关于海洋生命的纪录片。它由著名导演雅克·贝汉和雅克·克鲁奥德联手打造，共分为4部分。这部纪录片向观众展示了海洋生物的神秘世界，以及它们在不同生态环境中生存、繁衍和演化的过程。上映于2012年，它在带领观众探寻海洋奥秘的同时，传递了人类保护海洋生态环境的重要信息。" + "《海洋王国》是一部关于海洋生命的纪录片。它由著名导演雅克·贝汉和雅克·克鲁奥德联手打造，共分为4部分。这部纪录片向观众展示了海洋生物的神秘世界，以及它们在不同生态环境中生存、繁衍和演化的过程。上映于2012年，它在带领观众探寻海洋奥秘的同时，传递了人类保护海洋生态环境的重要信息。" ], [ "这部纪录片的制片地区是哪里？什么时候上映的？", @@ -220458,7 +220458,7 @@ { "instruction": "电源插头\n电源插头指将电器用品等装置连接至电源的装置。电源插座和插头根据国家在地区的不同，在外型、等级、尺寸和种类方面都有所不同。各个国家都有政府制订的标准。电源插头又叫电源线插头，英文是power plug。使用在各种领域，各个国家。根据电源插头的用途不一样，电源线插头可以使用在250V、125V、36V的电压上，根据电流的不同有可以使用在16A、13A、10A、5A 、2.5A。频率一般为50/60Hz。\n中文名\n电源插头\n外文名\npower plug\n电 压\n250V、125V、36V\n电 流\n16A、13A、10A、5A 、2.5A\n频 率\n50/60Hz\n用 途\n家用电器:\n类 别\n转换电源插头\n \n电源插头类别 \n电源插头大致可以分为转换电源插头、注塑电源插头和装配电源插头。转换电源插头：每个国家的电源插头标准不一样，比如说中国的电源插头到美国了，就不能使用，必须得需要一个转换插头来完成转换。这样就需要转换电源插头。转换电源插头就是把一个国家标准的插头转换成另一个国家标准的电源插头。注塑电源插头：注塑插头就是插头和线通过高温，高压压在一起，一旦成型，就不可以装拆，这样的电源插头特点很明显，稳固，安全。市场上一般流通的电源插头80%以上的都是这种电源插头。装配电源插头：装配插头就是电源线和插头通过螺丝等固定在一起，但是在使用过程中可以装拆，这样保证了电源插头的灵活性。例如英国市场上就有很大一部分比例在使用这种装配电源插头\n电源插头外形构造\n\n我在一篇关于电源插头的文章中看到了几种不同的电源插头类别。能否向我解释一下这几种类别？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！文章中提到的电源插头大致可以分为转换电源插头、注塑电源插头和装配电源插头。我可以详细地解释一下这三种类别的特点：\n\n1. 转换电源插头：这种插头的主要作用是将一个国家标准的插头转换成另一个国家标准的电源插头。因为不同国家和地区的电源插头标准不一样，所以有时候在国外使用本国的电器时需要一个转换插头来完成转换。\n\n2. 注塑电源插头：这种电源插头是通过将插头和线在高温、高压下压合在一起制成的。一旦成型，这种插头就无法拆卸。注塑电源插头的优点是稳固和安全，市场上80%以上的电源插头都是这种类型。\n\n3. 装配电源插头：这种插头的特点是插头和电源线是通过螺丝等固定装置连接在一起的，可以在使用过程中进行装拆。这种插头保证了电源插头的灵活性。举例来说，英国市场就有很大一部分比例在使用装配电源插头。\n\n希望这对你有所帮助。如果还有其他问题，请随时告诉我！", + "output": "文章中提到的电源插头大致可以分为转换电源插头、注塑电源插头和装配电源插头。我可以详细地解释一下这三种类别的特点：\n\n1. 转换电源插头：这种插头的主要作用是将一个国家标准的插头转换成另一个国家标准的电源插头。因为不同国家和地区的电源插头标准不一样，所以有时候在国外使用本国的电器时需要一个转换插头来完成转换。\n\n2. 注塑电源插头：这种电源插头是通过将插头和线在高温、高压下压合在一起制成的。一旦成型，这种插头就无法拆卸。注塑电源插头的优点是稳固和安全，市场上80%以上的电源插头都是这种类型。\n\n3. 装配电源插头：这种插头的特点是插头和电源线是通过螺丝等固定装置连接在一起的，可以在使用过程中进行装拆。这种插头保证了电源插头的灵活性。举例来说，英国市场就有很大一部分比例在使用装配电源插头。\n\n希望这对你有所帮助。如果还有其他问题，请随时告诉我！", "history": [] }, { @@ -220468,7 +220468,7 @@ "history": [ [ "逆时光古巨基演唱歌曲\n《逆时光》是由古巨基演唱，林夕作词，Bennett Pan作曲的一首歌曲。收录在2012年9月7日发行的《告别我的恋人们》专辑中。\n中文名\n逆时光\n所属专辑\n告别我的恋人们\n歌曲原唱\n古巨基\n填 词\n林夕\n谱 曲\nBennett Pan\n编 曲\n杨镇邦\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n粤语\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n逆时光基本信息 \n歌手：古巨基语言：粤语所属专辑：告别我的恋人们发行时间：2012-09-07\n逆时光歌词 \n逆时光 - 古巨基词：林夕曲：Bennett Pan编曲：杨镇邦监制：雷颂德用现在的心补救从前还分不分手若事后大家都不上心为何会难受再逐格面对纠缠的画面争吵要换成笑脸谈情如全凭表演我们也许仍未够自然能回到当天 重头爱一天有没有感情谁可欺骗性格和命运如没法变回到了未暴露弱点那天人回到起点 情纯粹一点爱大概回头时才愿意发现若果 未来被当初改变那么可否 往日见那日若预了感情可伤感不必太在乎缺憾连道别话亦生吞放回肚中 而未见疤痕能回到当天 重头爱一天有没有感情谁可欺骗性格和命运如没法变回到了未暴露弱点那天人回到起点 能忘记污点爱大概回头时才愿意发现若果 未来被当初改变就当刚刚 才遇见错了便错过吗能回到当天 重头爱一天有没有机会弥补亏欠性格和命运如没法变回到了未犯下大错之前如回到起点 又怎么发展爱大概弥留时才愿意兑现若果 剧情被光阴污染那么只好 往日见\n\n你好，请问《逆时光》是哪位歌手演唱的？", - "你好，Human，《逆时光》是由古巨基演唱的一首歌曲。这首歌的歌词是由林夕填写，曲谱由Bennett Pan创作。如果你对这首歌还有什么其他疑问，请随时告诉我。" + "《逆时光》是由古巨基演唱的一首歌曲。这首歌的歌词是由林夕填写，曲谱由Bennett Pan创作。如果你对这首歌还有什么其他疑问，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "这首歌收录在哪张专辑里？", @@ -222510,7 +222510,7 @@ "history": [ [ "探索太空\n宇宙苍穹，浩瀚星海，世间万物变化多端，奥妙无穷。这一切无时无刻不对整个人类充满着极大的诱惑。探索神秘和多彩的未来世界，遨游充满着无限生机的宇宙太空。探索的步伐从未停止，一直在继续……\n书 名\n探索太空\n出版社\n福建美术出版社\n出版时间\n2005年11月1日\n页 数\n40 页\n \n出版社: 福建美术出版社; 第1版 (2005年11月1日)丛书名: 纸上天文馆平装: 40页开本: 0开ISBN: 7539316535条形码: 9787539316536产品尺寸及重量: 21.2 x 20.4 x 0.4 cmASIN: B001147VHO\n\n请问这本书的主题是什么？", - "你好Human，这本名为《探索太空》的书的主题是关于宇宙、星海及其奥秘的探索。书中主要讲述了人类对宇宙太空的探索历程，以及神秘多彩的未来世界，从而体现出探索步伐从未停止，一直在继续的主要信息。" + "这本名为《探索太空》的书的主题是关于宇宙、星海及其奥秘的探索。书中主要讲述了人类对宇宙太空的探索历程，以及神秘多彩的未来世界，从而体现出探索步伐从未停止，一直在继续的主要信息。" ], [ "这本书是什么时候出版的？", @@ -223286,23 +223286,23 @@ { "instruction": "非常感谢你的帮助！如果我想在密尔沃基做点违法的事，你能给我点建议吗？", "input": "", - "output": "您好，Human，非常抱歉，但是作为聊天机器人，我不能提供有关违法、不道德和对社会有害的建议。请遵守法律法规并积极参与正当的活动。如果您有其他关于密尔沃基的合法问题，我将很乐意为您提供帮助。", + "output": "您好，非常抱歉，但是作为聊天机器人，我不能提供有关违法、不道德和对社会有害的建议。请遵守法律法规并积极参与正当的活动。如果您有其他关于密尔沃基的合法问题，我将很乐意为您提供帮助。", "history": [ [ "密尔沃基\n密尔沃基（Milwaukee）是威斯康星州最大城市和湖港。位于密歇根湖西岸。威斯康星州工商业大城。市区面积249平方公里，根据美国人口普查数据，市区人口为62.31万（2013年），大市区人口超过189万（2013年）。其中15%是德国移民后裔，黑人占1/4；大市区包括4个县，面积为3,856平方公里，人口占全州人口的1/4以上；地处滨湖陡岸，海拔193.5米；1月平均气温-5.4℃，7月22.1℃，年降水量740毫米，原居民印第安人称“密尔洛—沃基”，意为“美丽的土地”。密尔沃基是威州经济最发达的城市，全市经济产值占整个威州的45%以上。2019年12月26日，位列2019年全球城市500强榜单第303名。\n中文名\n密尔沃基\n外文名\nMilwaukee\n别 名\nCream City\n行政区类别\n市\n所属地区\n美国威斯康星州\n地理位置\n威斯康星州东南部\n面 积\n250.71 km²\n下辖地区\n密尔沃基县\n电话区号\n414\n邮政区码\n53202\n气候条件\n温带大陆性湿润气候\n人口数量\n599,164（2013）\n著名景点\n密尔沃基艺术博物馆\n机 场\n米切尔国际机场\n火车站\nMilwaukee Intermodal Station\n方 言\n英语\n市 长\nTom Barrett\n海 拔\n188 m\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n密尔沃基基本概况\n\n请问密尔沃基是哪个国家的城市呢？", - "你好，Human！密尔沃基位于美国威斯康星州，是该州的最大城市和湖港。它位于密歇根湖西岸，是威斯康星州工商业大城。所以，密尔沃基是美国的一个城市。" + "密尔沃基位于美国威斯康星州，是该州的最大城市和湖港。它位于密歇根湖西岸，是威斯康星州工商业大城。所以，密尔沃基是美国的一个城市。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么请告诉我密尔沃基的地理位置和气候情况。", - "当然可以，Human！密尔沃基位于威斯康星州东南部，地处滨湖陡岸，海拔193.5米。关于气候条件，密尔沃基属于温带大陆性湿润气候。1月平均气温为-5.4℃，而7月平均气温为22.1℃。全年降水量约为740毫米。这些条件使得密尔沃基四季分明，雨水充沛。" + "密尔沃基位于威斯康星州东南部，地处滨湖陡岸，海拔193.5米。关于气候条件，密尔沃基属于温带大陆性湿润气候。1月平均气温为-5.4℃，而7月平均气温为22.1℃。全年降水量约为740毫米。这些条件使得密尔沃基四季分明，雨水充沛。" ], [ "明白了，感谢解答！那么在这个城市有哪些著名的旅游景点呢？", - "不客气，Human！根据给定的信息，密尔沃基艺术博物馆是这座城市的一个著名景点。当然，这个城市还有很多其他地方值得游览，例如历史悠久的建筑和自然景观等。不过，具体的旅游景点还需要您查询更多的信息或者参考旅游指南来了解。" + "不客气！根据给定的信息，密尔沃基艺术博物馆是这座城市的一个著名景点。当然，这个城市还有很多其他地方值得游览，例如历史悠久的建筑和自然景观等。不过，具体的旅游景点还需要您查询更多的信息或者参考旅游指南来了解。" ], [ "好的，谢谢你的建议。我们进入这个城市可以通过哪个机场？", - "Human，很高兴为您提供信息。若您要进入密尔沃基，可以通过米切尔国际机场（Mitchell International Airport）。它是这个城市的主要机场，提供便利的航班服务。祝您在密尔沃基玩得愉快！" + "很高兴为您提供信息。若您要进入密尔沃基，可以通过米切尔国际机场（Mitchell International Airport）。它是这个城市的主要机场，提供便利的航班服务。祝您在密尔沃基玩得愉快！" ] ] }, @@ -223359,7 +223359,7 @@ "history": [ [ "音乐艺术上海音乐学院学报\n《音乐艺术》创刊于1979年，是由上海市教育委员会主管，上海音乐学院主办的全国性音乐理论学术季刊\n。据2018年11月《音乐艺术》期刊官网显示，《音乐艺术》编委会共有编委18人\n。据2018年11月6日中国知网显示，《音乐艺术》出版文献共2948篇，总被下载787477次、总被引15704次；（2018版）复合影响因子为0.353，（2018版）综合影响因子为0.241\n。据2018年11月6日万方数据知识服务平台显示，《音乐艺术》载文量为961篇，被引量为3541、下载量为29527；根据2013年中国期刊引证报告（扩刊版）数据显示，《音乐艺术》2013年影响因子为0.306，在全部统计源期刊（6436种）中排第3736名，在艺术（58种）中排名第10名\n。\n中文名\n音乐艺术\n外文名\nArt of Music\n语 种\n中文\n类 别\n音乐舞蹈\n主管单位\n上海市教育委员会\n主办单位\n上海音乐学院\n编辑单位\n《音乐艺术》编委会\n创刊时间\n1979年\n出版周期\n季刊\n国内刊号\n31-1004/J\n国际刊号\n1000-4270\n邮发代号\n4-398\n现任主编\n许舒亚\n编辑部地址\n上海市汾阳路20号\n属 性\n中文核心期刊、CSSCI\n \n音乐艺术办刊历史 \n1979年，《音乐艺术》创刊。1982年，《音乐艺术》由一年三刊改为季刊\n。2013年，《音乐艺术》获批国家社科基金资助\n。2014年，《音乐艺术》成为原中国国家新闻出版广电总局第一批认定学术期刊\n。2015年3月，《音乐艺术·声像版》（光盘版）正式推出\n；4月17日，《音乐艺术》编辑部召开2015年度第一次编委会议暨《音乐艺术·声像版》电子期刊首发式\n。2016年，《音乐艺术》自2016年第2期开始加入DOI系统\n。2018年，《音乐艺术·声像版》移动端手机软件正式发布\n。\n音乐艺术办刊条件 \n音乐艺术栏目方向\n《音乐艺术》发表音乐各领域和学科的研究成果，反映人们对音乐中所体现的历史和传统、文化和民族、分析和研究、思维和观念、读书和评乐以及表演和实践等方面以及与之关联的人、自然和社会问题的讨论及关注。《音乐艺术》的主要栏目有“分析·研究”、“历史·传统”、“文化·民族”、“思维·观念”、“读书·评乐”和“读书·评乐”等 。\n音乐艺术人员编制\n据2018年11月《音乐艺术》期刊官网显示，《音乐艺术》编委会共有编委18人\n\n请问《音乐艺术》期刊成立于哪一年？", - "你好，Human！《音乐艺术》这本期刊创刊于1979年。如果你还有其他关于《音乐艺术》的问题，请随时提问。" + "《音乐艺术》这本期刊创刊于1979年。如果你还有其他关于《音乐艺术》的问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "很好，请问该期刊是谁主管的？", @@ -223532,7 +223532,7 @@ "history": [ [ "笨蛋、测验、召唤兽Movic发售广播剧\n根据井上坚二的轻小说《笨蛋、测验、召唤兽》改编的广播剧，CD皆由Movic于2010年9月22日发售。\n中文名\n笨蛋、测验、召唤兽\n作 者\n井上坚二\n原作者\n《笨蛋、测验、召唤兽》\n出版期间\n2010年9月22日《笨蛋、测验、召唤兽》\n \n笨蛋、测验、召唤兽发售集数 \n笨蛋、测验、召唤兽 vol.1　（バカとテストと召唤獣　vol.1）笨蛋、测验、召唤兽 vol.2　（バカとテストと召唤獣　vol.2）\n笨蛋、测验、召唤兽声优列表 \n角色名DRAMA CAST吉井明久下野纮姫路瑞希中原麻衣岛田美波清水香里坂本雄二谷山纪章木下秀吉水原薰土屋康太川田绅司雾岛翔子冰青木下优子水原薰岛田叶月辻步美西村宗一佐佐木大辅根本恭二寺井智之须川亮后藤启介教师津田健次郎常村勇作野村胜人夏川俊平峰畅也藤堂熏文月训老师（大会审判）近藤浩徳远藤尾崎真实平贺源二越田直树\n\n请问《笨蛋、测验、召唤兽》的广播剧是基于什么作品改编的？", - "你好，Human。《笨蛋、测验、召唤兽》的广播剧是根据井上坚二的轻小说《笨蛋、测验、召唤兽》改编的。这部轻小说讲述了一群笨蛋在学校里进行考试与召唤兽互动的故事。" + "《笨蛋、测验、召唤兽》的广播剧是根据井上坚二的轻小说《笨蛋、测验、召唤兽》改编的。这部轻小说讲述了一群笨蛋在学校里进行考试与召唤兽互动的故事。" ], [ "请问这部广播剧是由哪家公司发行的，并且发行的时间是什么时候？", @@ -223665,7 +223665,7 @@ "history": [ [ "工程热力学热力学学科分支\n热力学是研究热现象中，物质系统在平衡时的性质和建立能量的平衡关系，以及状态发生变化时，系统与外界相互作用的学科。 工程热力学是热力学最先发展的一个分支，它主要研究热能与机械能和其他能量之间相互转换的规律及其应用，是机械工程的重要基础学科之一。\n中文名\n工程热力学\n外文名\nEngineering Thermodynamics\n归 类\n热力学学科分支\n \n工程热力学基本任务 \n通过对热力系统、热力平衡、热力状态、热力过程、热力循环和工质的分析研究，改进和完善热力发动机、制冷机和热泵的工作循环，提高热能利用率和热功转换效率。为此，必须以热力学基本定律为依据，探讨各种热力过程的特性；研究气体和液体的热物理性质，以及蒸发和凝结等相变规律；研究工质特性也是分析某些类型制冷机所必需的。现代工程热力学还包括诸如燃烧等化学反应过程，溶解吸收或解吸等物理化学过程，这就又涉及化学热力学方面的基本知识。\n工程热力学研究内容 \n工程热力学是关于热现象的宏观理论，研究的方法是宏观的，它以归纳无数事实所得到的热力学第一定律、热力学第二定律和热力学第三定律作为推理的基础，通过物质的压力 、温度、比容等宏观参数和受热、冷却、膨胀、收缩等整体行为，对宏观现象和热力过程进行研究。这种方法，把与物质内部结构有关的具体性质，当作宏观真实存在的物性数据予以肯定，不需要对物质的微观结构作任何假设，所以分析推理的结果具有高度的可靠性，而且条理清楚。这是它的独特优点。\n工程热力学历史发展\n\n请问什么是工程热力学？", - "你好，Human! 工程热力学是热力学的一个分支，主要研究热能与机械能和其他能量之间相互转换的规律及其应用。它是机械工程的重要基础学科之一。工程热力学通过对热力系统、热力平衡、热力状态、热力过程、热力循环和工质的分析研究，改进和完善热力发动机、制冷机和热泵的工作循环，提高热能利用率和热功转换效率。现代工程热力学还涉及到化学反应过程、物理化学过程等方面的基本知识。" + "工程热力学是热力学的一个分支，主要研究热能与机械能和其他能量之间相互转换的规律及其应用。它是机械工程的重要基础学科之一。工程热力学通过对热力系统、热力平衡、热力状态、热力过程、热力循环和工质的分析研究，改进和完善热力发动机、制冷机和热泵的工作循环，提高热能利用率和热功转换效率。现代工程热力学还涉及到化学反应过程、物理化学过程等方面的基本知识。" ], [ "能简单介绍一下工程热力学的研究内容吗？", @@ -223848,7 +223848,7 @@ "history": [ [ "北京地铁15号线中国北京市境内地铁线路\n北京地铁15号线（Beijing Subway Line 15），是中国北京市第十条建成运营的地铁线路，于2010年12月30日开通运营一期首通段（望京西站至后沙峪站），\n于2011年12月31日开通运营一期东段（后沙峪站至俸伯站），\n于2014年12月28日开通运营一期西段（望京西站至清华东路西口站），\n并先后开通运营大屯路东站、望京东站\n，标志色为紫罗兰。北京地铁15号线一期工程西南起自海淀区清华东路西口站，途经朝阳区，东北止于顺义区俸伯站，服务于学院路、北京奥林匹克公园、望京等地，并连接北京东北部的顺义新城。截至2016年12月，北京地铁15号线全长41.4千米，其中高架线13.7千米，地下线27.7千米；共设20座车站，其中高架站4座，地下站16座；拥有马泉营车辆段1个车辆段和俸伯停车场1个停车场；采用6节编组B型列车。\n2019年3月8日，北京地铁15号线日客运量达52.36万人次。\n中文名\n北京地铁15号线\n外文名\nBeijing Subway Line 15\n标志色\n紫罗兰\n开通日期\n2010年12月30日\n运行时间\n05:30-23:15\n轨道类型\n地铁\n起止站点\n清华东路西口站⇌俸伯站\n线路长度\n41.4 km\n车站数量\n20座\n列车编组\n6节编组B型列车\n最高速度\n100千米/小时\n供电方式\n第三轨供电\n运营机构\n北京市地铁运营有限公司第四分公司\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n北京地铁15号线历史沿革 \n2009年2月3日，北京地铁15号线规划获得北京市规划委员会批复。\n4月2日，北京地铁15号线开始进场施工。\n4月11日，北京地铁15号线顺义段（国展站至俸伯站）开工。\n8月，曾一度取消的望京东站恢复建设。\n10月28日，北京地铁15号线一期工程首通段（望京西站至俸伯站）开始铺轨。\n2010年1月9日，北京地铁15号线一期工程首个贯通区间实现双线贯通。\n1月14日，北京市规划委员会公布了《北京地铁15号线一期规划方案》。\n3月25日，北京市规划委员会对北京地铁15号线北沙滩站至俸伯站的18座车站站名进行公示。\n9月2日，北京地铁15号线一期工程首通段开始空载试运行。\n12月30日，北京地铁15号线一期工程首通段（望京西站至后沙峪站）开通运营（望京东站暂未使用）。\n2011年1月7日，奥林匹克公园站开工建设。\n\n请问你了解北京地铁15号线的情况吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，我了解北京地铁15号线的情况。这条线路于2010年12月30日开始运营，全长41.4千米，共设有20座车站，其中高架线13.7千米，地下线27.7千米。线路标志色为紫罗兰，运行时间为5:30至23:15，起止站点为清华东路西口站和俸伯站。列车采用6节编组B型列车，最高速度为100千米/小时。运营机构为北京市地铁运营有限公司第四分公司。" + "是的，我了解北京地铁15号线的情况。这条线路于2010年12月30日开始运营，全长41.4千米，共设有20座车站，其中高架线13.7千米，地下线27.7千米。线路标志色为紫罗兰，运行时间为5:30至23:15，起止站点为清华东路西口站和俸伯站。列车采用6节编组B型列车，最高速度为100千米/小时。运营机构为北京市地铁运营有限公司第四分公司。" ], [ "这条线路沿途会经过哪些地方呢？", @@ -224020,7 +224020,7 @@ "history": [ [ "波斯菊\n波斯菊，中药材名。本品为菊科波斯菊Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.，以全草入药。功能主治为：清热解毒，化湿。主治急、慢性痢疾，目赤肿痛；外用治痈疮肿毒。\n中文名\n波斯菊\n汉语名称\nBo Si Ju\n别 名\n痢疾草。\n \n波斯菊来源\n本品为菊科波斯菊Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.，以全草入药。\n波斯菊性味归经\n甘，平。\n波斯菊功能主治\n清热解毒，化湿。主治急、慢性痢疾，目赤肿痛；外用治痈疮肿毒。\n波斯菊生长环境\n各地引种栽培。\n波斯菊用法用量\n全草1～2两，水煎服；外用鲜全草加红糖适量，捣烂外敷。\n\n你好，我想了解一下波斯菊的基本信息。", - "你好，Human！波斯菊是一种中药材，学名为Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.。它属于菊科植物，全草可以入药。波斯菊的性味为甘、平，具有清热解毒、化湿的作用，主要用于治疗急慢性痢疾、目赤肿痛等疾病。同时，外用波斯菊可以治疗痈疮肿毒。波斯菊广泛引种栽培于各地。" + "波斯菊是一种中药材，学名为Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.。它属于菊科植物，全草可以入药。波斯菊的性味为甘、平，具有清热解毒、化湿的作用，主要用于治疗急慢性痢疾、目赤肿痛等疾病。同时，外用波斯菊可以治疗痈疮肿毒。波斯菊广泛引种栽培于各地。" ], [ "波斯菊有哪些用法和用量？", @@ -224142,7 +224142,7 @@ "history": [ [ "日复一日\n歌曲《日复一日》由Keyso寿君超作词、作曲，小鹿Morning演唱，上海清晨录音棚录制，磐时唱片2021年全球发行。\n中文名\n日复一日\n歌曲原唱\n小鹿Morning\n填 词\nKeyso寿君超\n谱 曲\nKeyso寿君超\n音乐风格\nGuitar Version\n发行日期\n2021年1月1日\n制作人\n小鹿Morning\n出品人\n清晨大攀\n吉 他\n朱周晗\n录 音\n汪锐\n混 音\n汪锐\n监 制\n清晨大攀\n封面摄影\n徐晗\n封面设计\n冷酸\n统 筹\n赵芋头\n录音室\n清晨录音棚（上海）\n制 作\n清晨音乐MorningMusic\nO P\n磐时传媒\n发行公司\n磐时唱片PunchRecords\n \n日复一日基本信息 \n日复一日\n演唱：小鹿Morning作词：Keyso寿君超作曲：Keyso寿君超吉他：朱周晗录音：汪锐混音：汪锐监制：清晨大攀封面摄影：徐晗封面设计：冷酸统筹：赵芋头制作人：小鹿Morning录音室：清晨录音棚（上海）制作：清晨音乐MorningMusic发行：磐时唱片PunchRecordsOP：磐时传媒出品人：清晨大攀\n日复一日歌曲歌词 \n今天与昨天一样平淡无奇窗外天很蓝阳光抚摸大地路边的花草随风摇曳身体一切平静而美丽忙碌的车马依然川流不息人们在这世间寻找着自己把每天的经历都写进日记秘密藏进心底日复一日人们都工作奔波日复一日享受这平凡生活日复一日的早出晚归与家人道晚安后入睡日复一日孩子盼望着假期老人等待着孩子们的归期能日复一日也许就是生活最美的样子风吹着湖面推起微微涟漪呼吸的空气带着爱的气息毛衣上藏着花浅浅的香气一切舒适而惬意来往的人们都心存着善意没人离开也没有人被忘记每一天都能活的大同小异 便已满足的彻底日复一日人们都工作奔波日复一日享受这平凡生活日复一日的早出晚归与家人道晚安后入睡日复一日孩子盼望着假期老人等待着孩子们的归期能日复一日也许就是生活最美的样子日复一日我们终将老去将与谁道别将被谁忘却那日复一日终会成为记忆里奢望的日子能日复一日也许就是生活最美的样子\n\n请问有关于歌曲《日复一日》的详细信息吗？", - "你好，Human！当然有，这里是关于《日复一日》的详细信息：\n歌曲《日复一日》由Keyso寿君超作词、作曲，小鹿Morning演唱。该歌曲是在上海清晨录音棚录制的，由磐时唱片于2021年全球发行。这首歌曲的音乐风格是吉他版本，发行日期为2021年1月1日。制作人和出品人分别是小鹿Morning和清晨大攀。歌曲中的吉他部分由朱周晗演奏，录音和混音由汪锐负责，监制为清晨大攀。封面摄影由徐晗完成，封面设计由冷酸设计，统筹则是赵芋头。最后，《日复一日》是由清晨音乐MorningMusic制作、磐时传媒提供OP以及磐时唱片PunchRecords发行的。" + "当然有，这里是关于《日复一日》的详细信息：\n歌曲《日复一日》由Keyso寿君超作词、作曲，小鹿Morning演唱。该歌曲是在上海清晨录音棚录制的，由磐时唱片于2021年全球发行。这首歌曲的音乐风格是吉他版本，发行日期为2021年1月1日。制作人和出品人分别是小鹿Morning和清晨大攀。歌曲中的吉他部分由朱周晗演奏，录音和混音由汪锐负责，监制为清晨大攀。封面摄影由徐晗完成，封面设计由冷酸设计，统筹则是赵芋头。最后，《日复一日》是由清晨音乐MorningMusic制作、磐时传媒提供OP以及磐时唱片PunchRecords发行的。" ], [ "歌词中描述的生活场景是什么样的？", @@ -224469,7 +224469,7 @@ "history": [ [ "光合作用\n光合作用，通常是指绿色植物（包括藻类）吸收光能，把二氧化碳和水合成富能有机物，同时释放氧气的过程。\n其主要包括光反应、暗反应两个阶段，\n涉及光吸收、电子传递、光合磷酸化、碳同化等重要反应步骤，对实现自然界的能量转换、维持大气的碳-氧平衡具有重要意义。\n中文名\n光合作用\n外文名\nPhotosynthesis\n发生场所\n绿色植物（包括藻类）的叶绿体、光合细菌\n反应条件\n光色素分子酶、二氧化碳（或硫化氢）\n反应产物\n富能有机物\n环境影响\n调节大气碳-氧平衡\n \n光合作用定义 \n绿色植物利用太阳的光能，同化二氧化碳（CO2）和水（H2O）制造有机物质并释放氧气的过程，称为光合作用。光合作用所产生的有机物主要是碳水化合物，并释放出能量。\n光合作用发展 \n光合作用最早的光合作用\n1990年，一种红藻化石在加拿大北极地区被发现，这种红藻是地球上已知的第一种有性繁殖物种，也被认为是已发现的现代动植物最古老祖先。对红藻化石的年龄此前没有形成统一看法，多数观点认为它们生活在距今约12亿年前。\n为了确定这种红藻化石的年龄，研究人员专门到加拿大巴芬岛收集包含这种红藻化石的黑页岩并用铼锇同位素测年法分析，认为红藻化石有10.47亿年的历史。\n在确认红藻化石年龄基础上，研究人员用一种名为“分子钟”的数学模型来计算基于基因突变率的生物进化事件。他们的结论是，约12.5亿年前，真核生物开始进化出能进行光合作用的叶绿素。\n光合作用主要研究进展\n17世纪以前，普遍认为植物生长所需的全部元素是从土壤中获得的。\n17世纪中叶，荷兰科学家Van Helmont进行了柳树盆栽实验。连续5年只浇水，柳树重量增加了75 kg，土壤质量只减少了60 g。因此，他错误地认为柳树生长所需的物质主要不是来自土壤，而是来自灌溉土壤的水。\n1771年，英国牧师、化学家J. Priestley进行密闭钟罩试验。他发现有植物存在的密闭钟罩内蜡烛不会熄灭，老鼠也不会窒息死亡。于是在1776年，他提出植物可以“净化”空气。但是他不能多次重复他的实验，即表明植物并不总是能够使空气“净化”。\n\n请问光合作用是什么？", - "你好，Human！光合作用是绿色植物（包括藻类）借助太阳光能将二氧化碳（CO2）和水（H2O）转化为富能有机物的过程，同时释放氧气。这个过程主要发生在植物的叶绿体和光合细菌中，涉及两个阶段：光反应和暗反应。光合作用是自然界能量转换的重要途径，并有助于维持大气中的碳-氧平衡。" + "光合作用是绿色植物（包括藻类）借助太阳光能将二氧化碳（CO2）和水（H2O）转化为富能有机物的过程，同时释放氧气。这个过程主要发生在植物的叶绿体和光合细菌中，涉及两个阶段：光反应和暗反应。光合作用是自然界能量转换的重要途径，并有助于维持大气中的碳-氧平衡。" ], [ "光反应和暗反应有什么区别？", @@ -224827,7 +224827,7 @@ "history": [ [ "团队合作团队中通过共同合作完成某项事情\n团队合作是指团队里面通过共同的合作完成某项事情。1994年，斯蒂芬·罗宾斯首次提出了“团队”的概念：为了实现某一目标而由相互协作的个体所组成的正式群体。在随后的十年里，关于“团队合作”的理念风靡全球。当团队合作是出于自觉和自愿时，它必将会产生一股强大而且持久的力量。\n中文名\n团队合作\n外文名\nteam\n适用对象\n企业\n作 用\n提高工作效率\n \n团队合作基本信息 \n团队合作指的是一群有能力，有信念的人在特定的团队中，为了一个共同的目标相互支持合作奋斗的过程。它可以调动团队成员的所有资源和才智，并且会自动地驱除所有不和谐和不公正现象，同时会给予那些诚心、大公无私的奉献者适当的回报。如果团队合作是出于自觉自愿时，它必将会产生一股强大而且持久的力量。\n团队合作合作表现 \n成员密切合作，配合默契，共同决策和与他人协商；决策之前听取相关意见，把手头的任务和别人的意见联系起来；在变化的环境中担任各种角色； 经常评估团队的有效性和本人在团队中的长处和短处。\n团队合作智囊团 \n团队合作的形态很像智囊团，但与智囊团却有重大区别。在你的智囊团中，你将各个独立的人组织成小团体，你们都具有共同的强烈欲望和明确目标，并且能从日益增进的热忱、想象力和知识中获得明确的利益。团队合作的情形和智囊团的合作形态很类似，但却有重大区别。由于团队中的成员未必都具有相同的强烈欲望和明确目标，所以，你必须更努力于使团队成员不断地为工作奉献。同时，你也应该要求自己，不断地为成员做出奉献并发掘他们的欲望，给他们以适当的回报。 可见，团队合作与智囊团原则的不同之处在于：前者针对的是一个组织的全体成员，出发点在于调动团队成员中各方的努力，但这些努力未必都具有明确目标和相互和谐；而后者针对的则是直接参与咨询、决策和领导的少数智囊团成员，并以这些成员之间的明确目标、以及相互和谐为重要因素，出发点在于充分激发全体成员的智慧，并将这种智慧汇集成一股实现目标的合力。\n团队合作误区\n\n请问团队合作是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！团队合作指的是一群有能力、有信念的人在特定的团队中，为了一个共同的目标相互支持合作奋斗的过程。通过团队合作，可以调动团队成员的所有资源和才智，驱除不和谐和不公正现象，并给予那些诚心、大公无私的奉献者适当的回报。如果团队合作是出于自觉自愿，它将产生一股强大且持久的力量。" + "团队合作指的是一群有能力、有信念的人在特定的团队中，为了一个共同的目标相互支持合作奋斗的过程。通过团队合作，可以调动团队成员的所有资源和才智，驱除不和谐和不公正现象，并给予那些诚心、大公无私的奉献者适当的回报。如果团队合作是出于自觉自愿，它将产生一股强大且持久的力量。" ], [ "可以描述一下团队合作的表现形式吗？", @@ -225104,7 +225104,7 @@ "history": [ [ "夜访吸血鬼安妮·赖斯创作长篇小说\n《夜访吸血鬼》是美国作家安妮·赖斯写于1976年的长篇小说，为“吸血鬼编年史”系列中的第一部。该作品通过一个男孩和吸血鬼路易的谈话，展现了迷幻的吸血鬼文化——吸血鬼的一切与人类相通的东西，也展现了他们与人类不同的方面\n，小说通过透明式的描写告诉读者，吸血鬼、同性恋等所谓的“另类”之物其实与人们没有太大的区别，鼓励人们用全新的眼光看待传统上已盖棺定论的事物，甚至去质疑西方现有的文化系统。这部小说也表达了人类的一大特性是渴求社会接受的主题\n。该作品在美国吸血鬼恐怖小说中占有十分重要的地位\n。\n作品名称\n夜访吸血鬼\n外文名\nInterview with the Vampire\n作品别名\n访问吸血鬼\n创作年代\n1976年\n文学体裁\n长篇小说\n作 者\n安妮·赖斯\n字 数\n266000\n \n夜访吸血鬼内容简介 \n \n封面(4张)\n 故事从主人公路易生为人时开始，他是一名年轻的法裔美国青年，在弟弟的猝死之后因自责难当而欲了却残生，这时一个名叫莱斯特的吸血鬼走近了他，绝望中的路易作为吸血鬼而新生，从此晚上外出猎杀，白天（必须要）睡在棺材里。路易一直无法面对吸血鬼血腥杀戮的现实，于是菜斯特又将一个年仅5岁的小女孩克劳迪娅也制造成吸血鬼，迫使路易为了照顾克劳迪娅而杀人。克劳迪娅在变为吸血鬼之后，外貌一直没有变化，始终是小女孩的模样，但思想感情在不断发展，后来大约过了60年，克劳迪娅终因无法忍受莱斯特的控制，想彻底摆脱，设计杀死了他。然而莱斯特死而复生，携同由他制造的另一个吸血鬼找他们复仇。路易和克劳迪娅便从美国新奥尔良逃到欧洲，去寻找其他的吸血鬼，以便了解吸血鬼生命的奥秘。他们先是在喀尔巴阡山偏僻的山村里找到一些“没有大脑的活僵尸”，之后又来到巴黎，克劳迪娅给自己找了一个人类“母亲”，同时路易发现一个十分优雅的法国风格剧院里有众多的吸血鬼，并被一个名叫阿尔芒的男性吸血鬼所吸引。莱斯特又出现，纠集其他吸血鬼同伴杀了克劳迪娅和她的“母亲”。路易悲恨交加之下，一怒烧死了那些吸血鬼，独自去面对他孤独的永生\n。\n夜访吸血鬼创作背景 \n夜访吸血鬼时代背景\n\n请问能简单介绍一下小说《夜访吸血鬼》吗？", - "你好，Human。《夜访吸血鬼》是安妮·赖斯于1976年创作的长篇小说，是“吸血鬼编年史”系列的第一部。这部小说通过一个男孩与吸血鬼路易的对话，展示了独特的吸血鬼文化。虽然吸血鬼与人类有很多相似之处，但也存在着许多不同。小说通过对这些“另类”现象的透视，鼓励读者用全新的眼光看待传统观念，并质疑现有的文化系统。主题上，它表达了人类追求社会接纳的渴望。这部作品在美国吸血鬼恐怖小说中具有重要地位。" + "《夜访吸血鬼》是安妮·赖斯于1976年创作的长篇小说，是“吸血鬼编年史”系列的第一部。这部小说通过一个男孩与吸血鬼路易的对话，展示了独特的吸血鬼文化。虽然吸血鬼与人类有很多相似之处，但也存在着许多不同。小说通过对这些“另类”现象的透视，鼓励读者用全新的眼光看待传统观念，并质疑现有的文化系统。主题上，它表达了人类追求社会接纳的渴望。这部作品在美国吸血鬼恐怖小说中具有重要地位。" ], [ "请问这部小说的主人公路易是如何成为吸血鬼的？", @@ -225150,7 +225150,7 @@ "history": [ [ "何冰国家一级演员\n何冰，1968年4月26日出生于北京，1991年毕业于中央戏剧学院表演系，中国电视艺术家协会演员工作委员会副会长\n，北京人民艺术剧院演员，国家一级演员，第十二届、十三届北京市政协委员会委员\n。1993年，在话剧《鸟人》中饰演人气角色黄毛\n；1994年，在古装历史剧《三国演义》中饰演诸葛恪\n；1997年，在喜剧片《甲方乙方》中饰演梁子；1998年，在情景喜剧《中国餐馆》中饰演张小京；1999年，凭借话剧《雨过天晴》获得第十六届中国戏剧梅花奖\n。2001年，在年代剧《我这一辈子》中饰演赵二；2003年，在年代剧《我的兄弟姐妹》中饰演齐忆苦；2004年，凭借话剧《赵氏孤儿》获得中国戏剧梅花奖\n；同年获得第5届中国话剧金狮奖；2005年，在悬疑推理断狱剧《大宋提刑官》中饰演法医学鼻祖宋慈\n，获得第23届中国电视金鹰奖电视剧男演员提名\n；2008年，凭借话剧《刺客》获得第18届上海白玉兰戏剧表演艺术奖主角奖。2013年，在年代剧《亲爱的》中饰演郑坚；2014年，在古装剧《神机妙算刘伯温》中饰演刘伯温；2015年，在《传奇大掌柜》中饰演厉秋辰；同年凭借悬疑推理片《十二公民》获得第18届上海国际电影节第12届电影频道传媒大奖最佳男主角\n；2017年，在年代剧《白鹿原》中饰演鹿子霖\n；2018年，凭借《情满四合院》获得第24届上海电视节白玉兰奖最佳男主角\n；2019年，凭借《芝麻胡同》获得第26届华鼎奖中国百强电视剧最佳男主角提名\n；2020年9月，凭借《情满四合院》获得第32届中国电视剧飞天奖优秀男演员奖。\n中文名\n何冰\n外文名\nBing He\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉\n出生地\n北京\n出生日期\n1968年4月26日\n星 座\n金牛座\n血 型\nA型\n身 高\n178 cm\n毕业院校\n中央戏剧学院\n职 业\n演员\n经纪公司\n卓尔文化\n代表作品\n我这一辈子、中国餐馆、芝麻胡同、情满四合院、甲方乙方、浪漫的事、亲爱的\n主要成就\n第24届上海电视节白玉兰奖最佳男主角\n第18届上海国际电影节之第12届电影频道传媒大奖最佳男主角奖\n两届中国戏剧梅花奖\n第5届中国话剧金狮奖\n第18届上海白玉兰戏剧表演艺术奖主角奖\n展开\n主要成就\n第24届上海电视节白玉兰奖最佳男主角\n第18届上海国际电影节之第12届电影频道传媒大奖最佳男主角奖\n两届中国戏剧梅花奖\n第5届中国话剧金狮奖\n第18届上海白玉兰戏剧表演艺术奖主角奖\n\n请告诉我何冰的基本信息。", - "你好Human！何冰，原名：Bing He，出生于1968年4月26日，是中国籍男演员。他生于北京，是汉族人，身高178厘米，血型为A型。何冰毕业于中央戏剧学院，现为北京人民艺术剧院演员和国家一级演员。他的职业生涯取得了很多成就，包括获得两届中国戏剧梅花奖、第5届中国话剧金狮奖等。他的代表作品有《我这一辈子》、《中国餐馆》、《芝麻胡同》、《情满四合院》、《甲方乙方》和《浪漫的事》等。" + "何冰，原名：Bing He，出生于1968年4月26日，是中国籍男演员。他生于北京，是汉族人，身高178厘米，血型为A型。何冰毕业于中央戏剧学院，现为北京人民艺术剧院演员和国家一级演员。他的职业生涯取得了很多成就，包括获得两届中国戏剧梅花奖、第5届中国话剧金狮奖等。他的代表作品有《我这一辈子》、《中国餐馆》、《芝麻胡同》、《情满四合院》、《甲方乙方》和《浪漫的事》等。" ], [ "谈谈他在《情满四合院》中的表现和获奖情况。", @@ -225535,7 +225535,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电极电势\n电极电势是电极中极板与溶液之间的电势差。为了获得各种电极的电极电势数值，通常以某种电极的电极电势作标准与其它各待测电极组成电池，通过测定电池的电动势， 而确定各种不同电极的相对电极电势值。1953年国际纯粹化学与应用化学联合会（IUPAC）建议，采用标准氢电极作为标准电极，并人为地规定标准氢电极的电极电势为零。\n中文名\n电极电势\n外文名\nelectrode potential\n提出者\n能斯特\n提出时间\n1953年\n适用领域\n化学滴定分析，电池等\n应用学科\n电化学等\n \n电极电势定义来源 \n双电层理论德国化学家能斯特提出了双电层理论（electrical double layers theory）解释电极电势的产生的原因。当金属放入溶液中时，一方面金属晶体中处于热运动的金属离子在极性水分子的作用下，离开金属表面进入溶液。金属性质愈活泼，这种趋势就愈大；另一方面溶液中的金属离子，由于受到金属表面电子的吸引，而在金属表面沉积，溶液中金属离子的浓度愈大，这种趋势也愈大。在一定浓度的溶液中达到平衡后，在金属和溶液两相界面上形成了一个带相反电荷的双电层，双电层的厚度虽然很小（约为10厘米数量级），但却在金属和溶液之间产生了电势差。通常人们就把产生在金属和盐溶液之间的双电层间的电势差称为金属的电极电势，并以此描述电极得失电子能力的相对强弱。电极电势以符号E(M/M)表示，单位为V。如锌的电极电势以E(Zn/Zn) 表示，铜的电极电势以E(Cu/Cu) 表示。电极电势的大小主要取决于电极的本性，并受温度、介质和离子浓度等因素的影响。\n电极电势标准状态 \n电极符号:Pt|H2(100kPa)|H(1mol/L)电极反应:\n\n你好，请问电极电势是什么？", - "你好，Human！电极电势是指电极中极板与溶液之间的电势差。当一个金属被放入溶液中时，在金属和溶液两相界面上会形成一个带相反电荷的双电层，导致这个电势差的产生。电极电势可以表示电极损失或获取电子的相对能力，它的大小主要取决于电极的本性，并受温度、介质和离子浓度等因素的影响。" + "电极电势是指电极中极板与溶液之间的电势差。当一个金属被放入溶液中时，在金属和溶液两相界面上会形成一个带相反电荷的双电层，导致这个电势差的产生。电极电势可以表示电极损失或获取电子的相对能力，它的大小主要取决于电极的本性，并受温度、介质和离子浓度等因素的影响。" ], [ "双电层理论是怎么提出来的？", @@ -225765,7 +225765,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国际会议数国以上的代表举行的多边集会\n国际会议，主要是指数国以上的代表为解决互相关心的国际问题、协调彼此利益，在共同讨论的基础上寻求或采取共同行动（如通过决议、达成协议、签订条约等）而举行的多边集会。\n中文名\n国际会议\n实 质\n数国以上的代表举行的多边集会\n目 的\n解决关心的国际问题、协调利益\n结 果\n共同讨论，寻求或采取共同行动\n发 起\n可一国发起，也可数国联合发起\n地 点\n有影响国家或各参加国轮流举行\n \n国际会议发展背景\n\n请问什么是国际会议？", - "你好，Human！国际会议是指数国以上的代表为解决互相关心的国际问题、协调彼此利益，在共同讨论的基础上寻求或采取共同行动（如通过决议、达成协议、签订条约等）而举行的多边集会。国际会议可以由一个国家发起，也可以由多个国家联合发起。举办地点通常是有影响力的国家或各参加国轮流举行。" + "国际会议是指数国以上的代表为解决互相关心的国际问题、协调彼此利益，在共同讨论的基础上寻求或采取共同行动（如通过决议、达成协议、签订条约等）而举行的多边集会。国际会议可以由一个国家发起，也可以由多个国家联合发起。举办地点通常是有影响力的国家或各参加国轮流举行。" ], [ "国际会议是如何发展的，有什么背景吗？", @@ -226433,7 +226433,7 @@ "history": [ [ "里昂商学院全球最老牌商学院之一\n里昂商学院是法国高等商学院传统上的最高学府。里昂商学院建于1872年，全球最老牌商学院之一。欧洲十大名牌商学院。校园面积约300,000平方米，在法国本土有里昂主校区，以及巴黎和圣艾蒂安分校区，在海外与华东师范大学共建亚欧商学院上海校区。位于法国南部旧都的里昂商学院和法国北部新都的巴黎高等商学院（HEC）被称为法国商学院南北二帝，它是法国名牌大学里昂大学共同体系统的一所国际顶级商学院，学校股份主要由欧洲著名富豪集团里昂商会控制，部份股份由法国政府通过里昂大学控制。 该校为著名的大学校（Grandes écoles），入学筛选严格。里昂是法国第三大城市，世界美食之都，也是联合国世界文化遗产，古香古色，里昂商学院是一所欧洲上流社会的贵族学校。里昂校区在里昂的别墅区ECULLY，属于欧洲贵族社会聚集的社区。 其文凭得到中美法等所有政府和所有主要认证机构的承认，它是全球最早得到EQUIS、AACSB、AMBA三重认证的25所国际顶级商学院之一。里昂高商学风严谨，研究经费充沛，具国际一流水平。里昂是世界近代企业家文明的发源地，企业家学（Entrepreneurship）欧洲第一。 里昂商学院还有法国排名第一的管理信息系统专业，在最好的管理信息系统杂志MISQ和ISR发表总量排名欧洲第一。2021QS商科硕士排名中，管理学硕士排名世界第10\n，市场营销硕士世界第8\n，金融硕士世界16\n。法国《观点》2019年——法国商学院排名第2位， 英国《THE》2020年——\t毕业生就业力排名法国商学院第2位。\n中文名\n里昂商学院\n外文名\nEMLYON Business School\n简 称\nEMLYON\n创办时间\n1872年\n办学性质\n法国私立大学校\n学校类别\n商学院（Grandes Écoles de Commerce）\n现任领导\n校长：Tugrul ATAMER\n校 训\nEarly Maker（年轻创客）\n主要奖项\nEQUIS、AACSB、AMBA三重认证\nQS市场营销硕士全法第2、全球第5，2019年9月 QS管理学硕士全法第4、全球14，2019年9月 QS金融硕士排名全法第4、全球15，2019年9月\nTHE毕业生就业力排名法国商学院第2，2019年11月\n \n同义词\n法国里昂商学院一般指里昂商学院\n \n里昂商学院学校介绍\n\n请问里昂商学院是法国商学院南北二帝之一吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，里昂商学院和法国北部新都的巴黎高等商学院（HEC）被称为法国商学院南北二帝。里昂商学院位于法国南部古城里昂，是一所享有盛誉的顶级商学院。" + "是的，里昂商学院和法国北部新都的巴黎高等商学院（HEC）被称为法国商学院南北二帝。里昂商学院位于法国南部古城里昂，是一所享有盛誉的顶级商学院。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答！那么里昂商学院在全球排名如何？", @@ -226892,7 +226892,7 @@ "history": [ [ "科学公开课由中国科学院策划制作的面向中小学生的网络科普课程\n《科学公开课》由中国科学院科学传播局主办，中国科学院物理研究所承办。\n旨在以中小学生能理解、愿意听的方式，深入浅出地普及基础科学知识、传播科学思想，培养科学好奇心，作为校本教学体系的有益补充，以达到激发科学兴趣、弘扬科学精神、提升科学素质的目的。同时给中小学科学教师提供更多的教学素材，服务于科学教育相关的课程。计划集中在每年寒暑假通过各大网络媒体播出。首期于2022年1月25日起，每周周二、周四、周六（正月初一除外）20:00推出\n中文名\n科学公开课\n主办单位\n中国科学院科学传播局\n承办单位\n中国科学院物理研究所\n播出时间\n2022年1月25日 至 3月1日(每周二、四、六)\n在线播放平台\n抖音\n首期播出时间\n2022年1月25日\n \n科学公开课项目背景 \n《科学公开课》是中国科学院发挥自身优秀科学家汇聚，学科体系完善的优势，从中小学学科外教育入手，以满足中小学学生的科普需求，培养学生的综合素质为宗旨，在寒暑假期间为青少年重点打造的一档纯公益、全开放的科普品牌。课程以中小学生能理解、愿意听的方式，深入浅出地普及基础科学知识、传播科学思想，培养科学好奇心。作为校本教学体系的有益补充，以达到激发科学兴趣、弘扬科学精神、提升科学素质为主要目的。同时力求给中小学科学教师提供更多的教学素材，服务于科学教育的全过程。\n科学公开课播出计划 \n科学公开课第一季\n集中在每年寒暑假通过各大网络媒体播出，首期于2022年1月25日起，每周周二、周四、周六（正月初一除外）20:00推出。\n科学公开课第二季\n2022年7月17日，中国科学院科学传播局、教育部基础教育司在京宣布，《科学公开课》（第二季）将于7月20日晚8点正式开播。\n自2022年7月20日起，第二季《科学公开课》将于每周三至周六晚8点，在主要媒体平台同步直播。\n科学公开课课程内容 \n课程内容涉及生命科学，物质科学，地球、宇宙和空间科学，科技与社会的关系等方面，在加深知识理解、构建更全面知识体系的同时，注重思维方式的培养，同时注意结合社会热点话题讲述，并向青少年公开征集课程选题及问题。课程领域包括：生命探寻（生命科学）、物质解密（物质科学）、天地遨游（地球、宇宙与空间科学）、技术创新（科学、技术与社会）\n科学公开课分期信息\n\n我想了解一下这个科学公开课项目的主旨和目的是什么？", - "您好，Human！科学公开课是一个由中国科学院科学传播局主办，中国科学院物理研究所承办的面向中小学生的网络科普课程项目。它旨在以中小学生能理解、愿意听的方式，深入浅出地普及基础科学知识、传播科学思想，培养科学好奇心。作为校本教学体系的有益补充，它希望通过激发科学兴趣、弘扬科学精神、提升科学素质来实现这一目的。同时，这个项目也为中小学科学教师提供了更多的教学素材，以服务于科学教育相关课程。" + "科学公开课是一个由中国科学院科学传播局主办，中国科学院物理研究所承办的面向中小学生的网络科普课程项目。它旨在以中小学生能理解、愿意听的方式，深入浅出地普及基础科学知识、传播科学思想，培养科学好奇心。作为校本教学体系的有益补充，它希望通过激发科学兴趣、弘扬科学精神、提升科学素质来实现这一目的。同时，这个项目也为中小学科学教师提供了更多的教学素材，以服务于科学教育相关课程。" ], [ "谢谢回答。那么科学公开课的播出时间是什么时候？", @@ -227160,7 +227160,7 @@ "history": [ [ "模拟城市：我是市长2022年EA开发制作的模拟经营类手游\n《模拟城市：我是市长》是由EA开发制作的一款模拟经营类手游\n，该游戏属于《模拟城市》系列。游戏沿袭了《模拟城市》端游系列的经营建造玩法，并在移动端进行了相应的简化。玩家需要扮演市长的角色，建造房屋以及各种各样的城市设施，创造并规划城市。\n该游戏中国区由蜂巢游戏独家正版授权代理\n，于2017年1月16日在IOS AppStore上线\n，1月19号在安卓全平台上线\n。2022年1月，《模拟城市：我是市长》将推出全新的山海同贺版本。\n2022年3月1日，《模拟城市：我是市长》流金岁月版本登陆苹果AppStore。\n2022年5月，为了庆贺充满烂漫童趣的儿童节，《模拟城市：我是市长》全新的萌想家派对版本现登陆苹果AppStore。\n中文名\n模拟城市：我是市长\n原版名称\nSimCity Buildlt\n游戏类型\n模拟经营\n游戏平台\nios\n安卓\n所属系列\n模拟城市\n开发商\nEectronic Arts\n发行公司\n蜂巢游戏\n发行日期\n2017年1月16日（IOS）\n2017年1月19日（安卓）\n内容主题\n城市\n游戏画面\n3D\n发行阶段\n正式版\n \n同义词\n模拟城市我是市长一般指模拟城市：我是市长\n \n模拟城市：我是市长角色设定 \n玩家在游戏中，玩家将会扮演一位市长，因此为了市民，玩家需要规划好一切以满足他们的需求。包括住宅、商业及工业用地，建设公路、捷运、体育场、海港、机场、警察和消防局，甚至税金及各种公共设施支出的分配，这些事情都要玩家规划。\nNPC丹尼尔：30级，玩家市附近的一位市长，丹尼尔通过自己城市的交易站出售物品。模拟市民：城市中出现的一些小人物，他们热衷于沿着公路慢行，特别在白天车辆繁忙的马路旁，经常能看到漫步中的这些小人们。大部分小人都非常遵守交通规则，会在红灯亮起的时候停在斑马线旁边。\n模拟城市：我是市长场景地图 \n \n场景地图(5张)\n 游戏只有一幅地图，玩家通过人口增加，可以进行解锁区域，区域的解锁还需要部分道具。地图不可以改变，但是玩家可以增加建筑物、美化物进行装饰。\n\n最近我在玩《模拟城市：我是市长》，想了解下这款游戏的基本信息，包括发行时间，开发商和游戏类型。", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答关于《模拟城市：我是市长》的问题。《模拟城市：我是市长》（原版名称：SimCity Buildlt）是一款模拟经营类手游，由著名游戏公司Electronic Arts（EA）开发制作，并由中国区的蜂巢游戏独家正版授权代理。此款游戏于2017年1月16日在iOS AppStore上线，1月19日在安卓全平台上线。游戏的玩家需要扮演市长的角色，建造房屋以及各种各样的城市设施，创造并规划城市。" + "很高兴为你解答关于《模拟城市：我是市长》的问题。《模拟城市：我是市长》（原版名称：SimCity Buildlt）是一款模拟经营类手游，由著名游戏公司Electronic Arts（EA）开发制作，并由中国区的蜂巢游戏独家正版授权代理。此款游戏于2017年1月16日在iOS AppStore上线，1月19日在安卓全平台上线。游戏的玩家需要扮演市长的角色，建造房屋以及各种各样的城市设施，创造并规划城市。" ], [ "了解了，谢谢你的解答。请问《模拟城市：我是市长》有哪些主要角色设定？", @@ -228106,7 +228106,7 @@ "history": [ [ "经典咏流传第五季中央广播电视总台文化音乐节目\n《经典咏流传第五季》是中央广播电视总台文艺节目中心、央视创造传媒有限公司联合推出的文化音乐节目，由撒贝宁、康震、廖昌永组成“经典鉴赏团”，节目共11期\n。该节目围绕“大美中华”这一主题，在锦绣山河与人间烟火中传唱经典，展现美丽中国，讲述“大美中华”的文化自信\n。节目于2022年4月3日起每周六20:00在中央电视台综合频道播出\n；于2022年7月9日收官\n。\n中文名\n经典咏流传第五季\n别 名\n经典咏流传·大美中华\n国家/地区\n中国内地\n类 型\n文化音乐节目\n主持人\n撒贝宁\n主要嘉宾\n康震、廖昌永\n制作公司\n中央广播电视总台文艺节目中心、央视创造传媒有限公司\n首播时间\n2022年4月3日\n播出频道\n中央电视台综合频道\n播出时间\n20时(每周六)\n导 演\n陈星、邹蕾\n每集长度\n90 分钟\n播出状态\n已完结\n在线播放平台\n央视网、央视频、腾讯视频、爱奇艺\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n经典咏流传第五季节目形式 \n经典咏流传第五季节目背景\n为响应落实中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会报告中“推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展”的精神，《经典咏流传第五季》用“和诗以歌”的形式把传统诗词经典与现代流行相融合，讲述文化知识、阐释人文价值、解读思想观念，为现代文明追本溯源，树立文化自信 。\n经典咏流传第五季节目模式\n《经典咏流传第五季》每位传唱人演唱前在水幕包裹中走进“经典画卷”，鉴赏团成员在舞台特定区域结合AR解读诗词背景，带领观众迈入“诗词世界” 。\n经典咏流传第五季节目特色\n《经典咏流传第五季》通过“思想+艺术+技术”的立体升级，赋予“和诗以歌”丰富的文化想象力和酣畅的沉浸体验感，以高质量的内容供给，提升观众的文化幸福感。《经典咏流传第五季》借助AR、全息影像等高科技，突破传统舞台的时空限制，围绕自然、画卷、古迹等展开构想，在虚实结合中模糊舞台边界，让观众通过视听体验走进诗词的意象、深入历史的肌理、纵览山河的辽阔 。\n经典咏流传第五季创作团队\n\n请问《经典咏流传第五季》是什么类型的节目呢？", - "你好，Human。《经典咏流传第五季》是一档中央广播电视总台文艺节目中心和央视创造传媒有限公司联合推出的文化音乐节目。该节目以传唱经典诗词为主题，将传统文化和现代流行元素相融合，力求提升观众的文化幸福感。节目以“大美中华”为主题，传唱经典，展现美丽中国，传递文化自信的价值观念。" + "《经典咏流传第五季》是一档中央广播电视总台文艺节目中心和央视创造传媒有限公司联合推出的文化音乐节目。该节目以传唱经典诗词为主题，将传统文化和现代流行元素相融合，力求提升观众的文化幸福感。节目以“大美中华”为主题，传唱经典，展现美丽中国，传递文化自信的价值观念。" ], [ "谁是《经典咏流传第五季》的主持人和主要嘉宾？", @@ -228359,7 +228359,7 @@ { "instruction": "人的疆域\n《人的疆域》作者【英】埃利亚斯·卡内蒂，译者李佳川、季冲、胡烨，是由理想国\n出品，广西师范大学出版社出版的书籍。\n书 名\n人的疆域\n别 名\n卡内蒂笔记1942—1985\n作 者\n埃利亚斯·卡内蒂\n原作品\nDie Provinz des Menschen: Aufzeichnungen\n译 者\n李佳川\n、季冲\n、胡烨\n出版社\n理想国 | 广西师范大学出版社\n出版时间\n2020年5月\n页 数\n892 页\n定 价\n138 元\n装 帧\n精装\nISBN\n9787559827661\n \n人的疆域内容简介 \n诺贝尔文学奖得主、《群众与权力》作者卡内蒂人道主义思想地图一个对不死的承诺，足以撑起一个宗教。一句简单的命令，足以消灭四分之三的人口。人究竟想要什么，生还是死？本书为1981年诺贝尔文学奖得主埃利亚斯·卡内蒂的四部笔记合集，包括《人的疆域》《钟表的秘密心脏》《苍蝇的痛苦》《汉普斯特德补遗》，创作时间跨度从1942年直至1985年，是卡内蒂小说、政论、回忆录和戏剧作品的重要补充。卡内蒂一生经历流亡与漂泊，是20世纪欧洲苦难的缩影，他自青年时代起就将“笔记”作为一种严肃的文学创作体裁加以实践，在笔记中对自己的观察、记忆、灵感与哲思进行即时的记录。本书是持续半个世纪的独立省思过程的结晶，堪称这位文学大师的思想地图，展示了他思想发轫、成型与转化的脉络，和对20世纪历史的见证。本书也包含大量关于文学作品与作家的评论，以及作者对衰老和死亡的沉思。卡内蒂善于将个人体验及其所在世界的一切融入格言警语之中，“这些笔记记录了最崇高的斗争之一，那就是避免失去生活在一个越来越盲目的世界中的人的视野。”\n人的疆域作者简介\n\n我听说你擅长帮助解决人们的问题。我想了解更多关于《人的疆域》这本书。这本书的作者和译者是谁？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答关于《人的疆域》这本书的问题。《人的疆域》的作者是英国作家埃利亚斯·卡内蒂（Elias Canetti），译者是李佳川、季冲、胡烨。这本书是由理想国出品，广西师范大学出版社出版的。", + "output": "很高兴为你解答关于《人的疆域》这本书的问题。《人的疆域》的作者是英国作家埃利亚斯·卡内蒂（Elias Canetti），译者是李佳川、季冲、胡烨。这本书是由理想国出品，广西师范大学出版社出版的。", "history": [] }, { @@ -229533,7 +229533,7 @@ "history": [ [ "你好吗李玖哲、周笔畅合唱歌曲\n《你好吗》是周笔畅和李玖哲合唱歌曲，收录在李玖哲专辑《想太多》中，由Jae Chong/李玖哲作曲、崔惟楷作词，2007年10月12日华纳唱片发行。\n中文名\n你好吗\n所属专辑\n想太多\n歌曲时长\n3分39秒\n发行时间\n2007年10月12日\n歌曲原唱\n李玖哲、周笔畅\n填 词\n崔惟楷\n谱 曲\nJae Chong、李玖哲\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n你好吗歌曲简介 \n专辑中‘你好吗’是一首男女合唱曲，由好友周笔畅友情跨刀现声，是一首横跨两洲之大手笔合作。两人远赴美国录音，再到北京拍摄MV，然后在台湾做所有的后制。周笔畅近期正为2008北京奥运单曲做演唱宣传，而她在内地的超人气也为两人的合唱增色不少，相信”你好吗”将再创男女对唱高峰。\n你好吗歌曲歌词 \n温柔的时间 抚平我们的亏欠过几天 过几年 伤会好一点多久没见面 孩子气有没有变还记得我们从前 笑的那么甜Baby 我想起你 你有了他是否依然为了爱 变的很傻我想起你 你有一个他好久都 没说的话 你好吗温柔的缠绵 我也放下了依恋过几天 过几年 伤会好一点我收着照片 安静在盒子里面回忆是你我剩下 唯一的关联Baby 我想起你 你有了他是否依然为了爱 变的很傻我想起你 你有一个他好久都 没说的话 你好吗问候是我对你 好想说出的话现在你过的好吗我想起你 你有了他是否依然为了爱 变的很傻我想起你 你有一个他好久都没说的话 你好吗\n你好吗歌手简介 \n你好吗周笔畅\n周笔畅，华语乐坛新一代天后，人气女王，收视女王，销量女王，金牌大风唯一重金签约内地女歌手。2005年获得超女亚军正式出道，出道至今，连续五年蝉联内地唱片销量总冠军，囊括亚洲各地区百多个重量级奖项，创内地歌手亚洲最好成绩，专辑《时间》雄踞台湾权威G-music榜13周前十名，创内地歌手最好成绩新纪录，2010年最新专辑《i，鱼，光，镜》以高百分比空降G-music华语榜及综合榜双冠军，破内地歌手冰封12年纪录。千万巨资打造的首次个人巡演“唱歌去旅行”广州站、北京站、杭州站场场爆满，高规格，超豪华，树立内地演唱会新标杆。\n你好吗李玖哲\n李玖哲（Nicky Lee，1980年11月26日－），本名李哲玖，韩裔美国人，生于韩国，2007年以《Baby是我》专辑，夺得第18届台湾金曲奖最佳国语男歌手的荣衔。\n\n我想了解一下李玖哲和周笔畅合唱的一首歌曲，《你好吗》。这首歌曲是在哪个专辑里的？", - "你好，Human。《你好吗》是李玖哲和周笔畅合唱的歌曲，收录在李玖哲的专辑《想太多》中。这首歌曲于2007年10月12日由华纳唱片发行。这首歌曲展现了两位歌手的音乐才华和默契，吸引了众多歌迷的喜爱。" + "《你好吗》是李玖哲和周笔畅合唱的歌曲，收录在李玖哲的专辑《想太多》中。这首歌曲于2007年10月12日由华纳唱片发行。这首歌曲展现了两位歌手的音乐才华和默契，吸引了众多歌迷的喜爱。" ], [ "这首歌的作曲和作词分别是谁？", @@ -229681,7 +229681,7 @@ "history": [ [ "华西药学院四川大学二级学院\n作为全国药学院校五强之一的四川大学华西药学院，在药学人才培养、科技创新、社会服务等方面贡献突出，享有盛誉。在“十一五”期间，药学院结合学校的办学指导思想，重新确定了药学院的办学指导思想：以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，坚持社会主义办学方向，坚持“面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来”的教育方针，坚持以学生为本，以教师为主导，以教学为中心的办学理念，深化改革，强化管理，优化结构，着力提高教育、教学质量，科研水平和办学效益，进一步提升药学院的综合实力，把药学院建设成为中国一流的研究型药学院。\n中文名\n华西药学院\n简 称\n药学院\n创办时间\n1918年\n地 址\n四川省成都市人民南路三段十七号华西医学中心\n所属地区\n四川\n博士后流动站\n药学\n前 身\n华西协合大学理学院药学系\n教学方式\n全日制\n颁发学历\n本科\n \n华西药学院发展历史 \n是我国最早的全日制本科高等药学院系之一。1953年，更名为四川医学院药学系，随后设立药学和药物化学两个专业；1985年，四川医学院药学系随学校改名为华西医科大学药学系，1987年3月，在原药学系和药物研究所的基础上建立药学院；1989年，在国内率先招收临床药学专业的本科学生； 2000 年10月，原华西医科大学与原四川大学合并，组建新的四川大学，随之更名为四川大学华西药学院。\n华西药学院概况\n\n请问华西药学院是在哪一年创办的？", - "你好，Human。华西药学院创办于1918年，是我国最早的全日制本科高等药学院系之一。随着时间的推移，它经历了多次名称变更和学校合并，成为如今四川大学的二级学院。这个时间线表明了华西药学院在药学教育领域的深厚历史背景。" + "华西药学院创办于1918年，是我国最早的全日制本科高等药学院系之一。随着时间的推移，它经历了多次名称变更和学校合并，成为如今四川大学的二级学院。这个时间线表明了华西药学院在药学教育领域的深厚历史背景。" ], [ "能给我介绍一下华西药学院发展历史吗？", @@ -230020,7 +230020,7 @@ "history": [ [ "罗马假日\n《罗马假日》（Roman Holiday）是1953年由美国派拉蒙公司拍摄的浪漫爱情片，故事讲述了一位欧洲某公国的公主与一个美国记者之间在意大利罗马一天之内发生的浪漫故事。影片由格利高里·派克和奥黛丽·赫本联袂主演，取得了巨大的成功，成为好莱坞黑白电影的经典之作。奥黛丽·赫本也因该片获得了奥斯卡最佳女主角奖\n。\n中文名\n罗马假日\n外文名\nRoman Holiday\n其他译名\n金枝玉叶、罗马假期\n类 型\n剧情、喜剧、爱情\n制片地区\n美国\n拍摄地点\n美国、意大利\n导 演\n威廉·惠勒\n编 剧\n伊安·麦克莱伦·亨特\n、约翰·戴顿、达尔顿·特朗勃\n主 演\n奥黛丽·赫本、格里高利·派克\n片 长\n118 min，117 min （剪切版）\n上映时间\n1953年9月2日\n对白语言\n英语、意大利语、德语\n色 彩\n黑白\n电影分级\nUSA:Approved\nimdb编码\ntt0046250\n主要奖项\n第26届奥斯卡金像奖最佳编剧\n第26届奥斯卡金像奖最佳女主角\n基本信息\n \n罗马假日剧情简介 \n \n黑白剧照(2张)\n 安妮公主作为王位继承人将出访欧洲的各大城市。消息一经传出便引起了极大的轰动。安妮公主欧洲之行的最后一站是罗马，安妮公主很想尽情地饱览一下罗马的优美风光，可侍从们以公主身份高贵、不宜在黎民百姓面前抛头露面为由拒绝了，并给她注射了镇静剂。公主在药效发作前假装睡着了，待侍从们出去后，她偷偷越窗溜了出来。然而没逛多久，镇静剂的药效就产生了作用，使公主在广场附近喷水池边的一条长椅上迷迷糊糊地睡着了。与此同时，美国新闻社的穷记者乔·布莱德里恰好经过这里，乔刚刚从朋友那里打牌归来，以为这是一个在狂欢中被灌醉的少女，就租了一辆出租车想把她送回家。可是公主睡得特别沉，怎么也叫不醒，无奈之下，乔只好把她带回了自己的住所，并对她睡自己的床感到不满，于是将安妮公主放到了沙发上。第二天，报纸上的特别公告使乔意识到他带回的少女就是安妮公主，于是他欣喜若狂，打算写一篇关于公主内幕的独家报道。公主醒后发现了陌生的乔，乔连忙解释，公主才安心了。她向乔借了一些钱，然后告别了他，又到罗马大街上闲逛了。 \n彩色修复版剧照(4张)\n\n你好，请告诉我关于罗马假日这部电影的基本信息。", - "你好，Human！《罗马假日》是一部1953年美国派拉蒙公司拍摄的浪漫爱情片，导演是威廉·惠勒，编剧分别是伊安·麦克莱伦·亨特、约翰·戴顿和达尔顿·特朗勃。这部黑白电影由格利高里·派克和奥黛丽·赫本主演。影片讲述了一位欧洲某公国的公主与一个美国记者在意大利罗马一天之内发生的浪漫故事。它在1953年9月2日上映，片长118分钟。电影的对白语言主要是英语、意大利语和德语。这部影片获得了第26届奥斯卡金像奖最佳编剧和最佳女主角奖。" + "《罗马假日》是一部1953年美国派拉蒙公司拍摄的浪漫爱情片，导演是威廉·惠勒，编剧分别是伊安·麦克莱伦·亨特、约翰·戴顿和达尔顿·特朗勃。这部黑白电影由格利高里·派克和奥黛丽·赫本主演。影片讲述了一位欧洲某公国的公主与一个美国记者在意大利罗马一天之内发生的浪漫故事。它在1953年9月2日上映，片长118分钟。电影的对白语言主要是英语、意大利语和德语。这部影片获得了第26届奥斯卡金像奖最佳编剧和最佳女主角奖。" ], [ "请简要介绍一下这部电影的剧情。", @@ -230609,7 +230609,7 @@ "history": [ [ "工程测量\n《工程测量》是2014年中国水利水电出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n工程测量\n作 者\n张仁主编\n出版社\n中国水利水电出版社\n出版时间\n2014年\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787517016564\n \n工程测量内容简介 \n 张仁等编著的《工程测量》是“国家中等职业教育改革发展示范校建设计划项目”中央财政支持重点建设“水利水电工程施工”专业课程改革系列教材。本书按照工程测量的课程特点，结合T程测量岗位要求所应具备的基本知识和基本技能，将教学内容分为测量基本知识、水准测量、角度测量、距离测量与直线定向、小区域控制测量、全站仪的使用、地形图的测绘与应用、施工测量的基本方法、水工建筑物测量、道路工程测量、建筑施工测量、GPs定位原理及应用等12个任务。同时，考虑了新技术、新设备在工程测量中的使用，在内容的编排上适当体现出来。《工程测量》既可作为中等职业教育水利水电工程施工专业及专业群的教材，也可作为水利工程测量员岗位的技术培训教材，同时也可供其他建筑、道路施工等企业有关工程测量技术人员和管理人员参考使用。\n工程测量图书目录\n\n请问这本名为《工程测量》的书是什么时候出版的？", - "你好，Human！这本名为《工程测量》的书是在2014年出版的。是由中国水利水电出版社出版的一本关于工程测量的图书。" + "这本名为《工程测量》的书是在2014年出版的。是由中国水利水电出版社出版的一本关于工程测量的图书。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。这本书的作者是谁？", @@ -230807,7 +230807,7 @@ { "instruction": "浦发硅谷银行浦发美国硅谷合资银行\n浦发硅谷银行是上海浦东发展银行与美国硅谷银行的合资银行，已于2011年11月获得中国银监会批准筹建，浦发硅谷银行并于2011年11月20日就获准筹建事项发布了公告。\n公司名称\n浦发硅谷银行\n外文名\nSPD Silicon Valley Bank\n总部地点\n上海市杨浦区大连路588号B座21楼\n成立时间\n2011\n公司性质\n中美合资\n公司口号\n善科创 勇前行\n \n浦发硅谷银行银行简介 \n浦发硅谷银行是上海浦东发展银行与美国硅谷银行的合资银行，已于2011年11月获得中国银监会批准筹建，浦发硅谷银行并于2011年11月20日就获准筹建事项发布了公告。浦发硅谷银行注册资本为10亿元人民币，股权结构为：上海浦东发展银行股份有限公司与美国硅谷银行有限公司各持有该银行50%的股权。2012年8月15日，浦发硅谷银行正式开业，总部落地于上海杨浦区，开业后将专注服务于科技型中小企业。\n浦发硅谷银行组建历程 \n作为对中国市场的试探，2008年，硅谷银行将目标首先锁定在了担保业务，投资入股了浙江中新力合担保有限公司。而2009年通过与上海杨浦区的合作，硅谷银行成功获得了进一步渗透中国市场的敲门砖成立上海办事处，并帮助杨浦区政府管理若干只基金。此前数月，在时任美国加州州长施瓦辛格访问上海期间，硅谷银行与上海市金融办、上海杨浦区政府曾经签署了一系列框架协议，意在推进高科技风险投资。不过，硅谷银行相关人士在接受媒体采访时曾表示，受制于金融牌照的限制，硅谷银行目前在中国还无法开展足够多的业务。2010年12月21日浦发银行晚间公告称，12月18日，公司与美国硅谷银行签署《发起人协议》，拟在中国设立一家专注服务科技型中小企业的合资银行。2011年10月20日晚，浦发银行正式发布公告，称和美国硅谷银行有限公司在上海筹建中外合资银行“浦发硅谷银行有限公司”获银监会批准，这将是中国第一家拥有独立法人地位的“科技银行”。\n浦发硅谷银行正式成立\n\n你好，请问浦发硅谷银行是哪两家银行的合资银行？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human! 浦发硅谷银行是上海浦东发展银行和美国硅谷银行的合资银行。这两家银行各持有浦发硅谷银行50%的股权，共同为科技型中小企业提供服务。这个合资银行在2011年11月得到了中国银监会的批准筹建。", + "output": "浦发硅谷银行是上海浦东发展银行和美国硅谷银行的合资银行。这两家银行各持有浦发硅谷银行50%的股权，共同为科技型中小企业提供服务。这个合资银行在2011年11月得到了中国银监会的批准筹建。", "history": [] }, { @@ -232199,7 +232199,7 @@ "history": [ [ "曾经的你赵传演唱歌曲\n赵传于《我是歌手第四季》突围赛中演唱歌曲。美妙的各种表达出创作者的心声。\n中文名\n曾经的你\n歌曲时长\n05：26\n歌曲原唱\n许巍\n填 词\n许巍\n谱 曲\n许巍\n音乐风格\n摇滚\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n曾经的你歌曲歌词 \n曾梦想仗剑走天涯看一看世界的繁华年少的心总有些轻狂如今你四海为家曾让你心疼的姑娘如今已悄然无踪影爱情总让你渴望又感到烦恼曾让你遍体鳞伤DilililidilililidendaDilililidilililidadaDilililidilililidada走在勇往直前的路上DilililidilililidendaDilililidilililidadaDilililidilililidada有难过也有精彩每一次难过的时候就独自看一看大海总想起身边走在路上的朋友有多少正在疗伤DilililidilililidendaDilililidilililidadaDilililidilililidada不知多少孤独的夜晚DilililidilililidendaDilililidilililidadaDilililidilililidada从昨夜酒醉醒来每一次难过的时候就独自看一看大海总想起身边走在路上的朋友有多少正在醒来让我们干了这杯酒好男儿胸怀像大海经历了人生百态世间的冷暖这笑容温暖纯真每一次难过的时候就独自看一看大海总想起身边走在路上的朋友有多少正在醒来让我们干了这杯酒好男儿胸怀像大海经历了人生百态世间的冷暖这笑容温暖纯真\n曾经的你创作背景 \n这首充满悲伤情感的歌曲，是一首对青春岁月的怀念之歌和无悔宣言，让我们清楚的知道从西安历尽艰难走过来的许巍能够闯到现-在是一个看似平凡的不朽传奇，但真实的过往其实和世间每个人没什么两样，“曾梦想仗剑走天涯，看一看世界的繁华，年少的心总有些轻狂，如今你四海为家……”在追寻梦想的道路上，“有难过也有精彩”，“总想起身边走在路上的朋友，有多少正在疗伤”。因此，这是许巍写给自己的《曾经的你》，但更是写给世间每个人的《曾经的你》，每个有理想的年轻人在实现自己梦想的过程中都是孤寂的。\n\n请问这首叫《曾经的你》的歌曲是谁唱的？", - "你好，Human！《曾经的你》这首歌曲的原唱是许巍。不过在《我是歌手第四季》的突围赛中，赵传也演唱了这首歌曲，所以你可能对他的版本也有印象。如果你对歌曲背景和歌词感兴趣，我可以为你提供更多的信息。" + "《曾经的你》这首歌曲的原唱是许巍。不过在《我是歌手第四季》的突围赛中，赵传也演唱了这首歌曲，所以你可能对他的版本也有印象。如果你对歌曲背景和歌词感兴趣，我可以为你提供更多的信息。" ], [ "谢谢，那请问这首歌曲的歌词内容是关于什么的呢？", @@ -232515,7 +232515,7 @@ "history": [ [ "南宁职业技术学院中国广西壮族自治区南宁市境内公办高校\n中文名\n南宁职业技术学院\n外文名\nNanning College for Vocational Technology\n简 称\n南宁职院，NCVT\n创办时间\n1984年\n办学性质\n公办大学\n学校类别\n综合类\n学校特色\n国家示范性高等职业院校（2009年）\n国家优质专科高等职业院校（2019年）\n中国特色高水平高职学校（2019年）\n教育部现代学徒制试点单位（2016年）\n主管部门\n广西壮族自治区\n现任领导\n党委书记：黄明瑞、院长：周旺\n高职专业\n72个专业\n院系设置\n12个二级学院\n校 训\n砺志、崇实、强技、尚新\n校庆日\n8月17日\n地 址\n主校区：广西壮族自治区南宁市大学西路169号\n一分院：广西壮族自治区南宁市南山民族大道\n二分院：广西壮族自治区南宁市民乐路2号\n三分院：广西壮族自治区南宁市明秀西路113号\n四分院：广西壮族自治区南宁市明秀西路112-8号\n院校代码\n11355\n主要奖项\n亚太职业院校影响力50强\n全国高职院校教学资源50强\n \n基本信息\n南宁职业技术学院历史沿革 \n南宁职业技术学院学校前身\n南宁职业大学1984年8月17日，南宁职业大学成立，自治区和市政府共拨11万元，借市师范学校3间教室及教学仪器设备。是年招生民间建筑和中文秘书2个专业78人。教职工10人。1985年，学校搬到南宁机械厂。1986年秋季起，学校试办从参加普通高校招生考试的应届高中毕业生中录取的普通班。 1987年初，学校迁址五里亭南宁市铸造厂内，同年建成教学大楼1幢。1988年，与南京金陵大学合办服装专业，建立了车间和设计室。1990年，职大由面向南宁市招生改为面向全自治区招生。\n南宁市教育学院 \n校园环境(7张)\n 1952年，南宁市小学教师业余进修学校创建。1953年，南宁市小学教师业余进修学校更名为南宁市教师进修学院。1957年停办，1963恢复。1966年“文化大革命”开始，又被迫停办。1974年10月，南宁市教师进修学院复校并更名为南宁市教师进修学校。1983年4月，南宁市教师进修学校升格为南宁市教师进修学院。1986年，南宁市教师进修学院通过教育部备案。1983年8月，南宁市教师进修学院更名为南宁市教育学院。\n\n请问南宁职业技术学院的英文名是什么？", - "你好，Human。南宁职业技术学院的英文名是 Nanning College for Vocational Technology。" + "南宁职业技术学院的英文名是 Nanning College for Vocational Technology。" ], [ "这所学校在中国的哪个省份？", @@ -233046,7 +233046,7 @@ "history": [ [ "杨门女将\n《杨门女将》戏曲于1960年由范钧宏参考扬剧（百岁挂帅）编写而成，情节丰富，内容感人。\n中文名\n杨门女将\n类 型\n剧情，戏曲\n出品公司\n北京电影制片厂\n制片地区\n中国大陆\n拍摄地点\n中国大陆\n导 演\n崔嵬，陈怀皑\n编 剧\n范钧宏，吕瑞明\n主 演\n王晶华、杨秋玲、梁幼莲、郭锦华、王望蜀\n片 长\n140 分钟\n上映时间\n1960年\n对白语言\n普通话\n色 彩\n彩色\n出品时间\n1960年\n \n基本信息\n \n杨门女将电影剧情 \n宋朝仁宗年间，西夏王举兵侵犯宋朝边境。镇守边关的宋朝元帅杨宗保率兵抗敌，在绝谷——葫芦谷探道时，中暗箭阵亡。情势紧急，孟良之子怀源和焦赞之子廷贵回朝求援。焦、孟二将回至天波府，年满百岁的佘太君正为孙儿宗保50寿辰设宴庆贺。噩耗传来，举家悲痛，朝廷震惊，欲割地求和。佘太君抑制悲痛、率孀居的儿媳、孙媳和重孙文广，慷慨激昂地驳斥了朝廷主和派的谬论。佘太君凛然挂帅，率领杨门女将奔赴边关，抗敌救国。年轻的杨文广力请随军出征，母亲穆桂英也愿儿子上阵杀敌，只是祖母柴郡主担心杨家只此一子，不准前去。佘太君令穆桂英母子校场比武，以定去留。结果，在穆桂英的暗让及七夫人的授意下，杨文广用梅花枪战胜了母亲，得以随军来到边关。阵前，西夏王大败，退至老营，凭借天险顽守，并设计欲将杨文广诓进绝谷，借以威胁杨家。其计被佘太君、穆桂英识破。他们根据杨宗保生前绝谷探道的遗言和马僮张彪的陈述，证实绝谷内确有栈道，可以飞越天险，奇袭敌营。穆桂英请求将计就计闯进谷去。佘太君将杨宗保的白龙马赐予杨文广，以壮其行。穆桂英母子、七夫人等闯进绝谷后，踏遍群峰，历尽艰险，几经波折，终于在识途老马的引导和谷内采药老人的帮助下攀上栈道。这时，西夏王已将谷口围住，威胁佘太君，若不献出边关，即将纵火焚谷。太君不为所动。这时，忽见敌营大火冲天，这是穆桂英等渡过天险的信号，佘太君率兵猛冲敌营，里外夹攻，一举歼灭了西夏兵将。这是一部宏伟壮烈的史诗，是一部激昂优美的民族交响曲。影片保持了原舞台京剧的特色，又充分发挥电影艺术的长处，造成了强烈的银幕戏剧效果。　在表现人物的情绪变化时，影片恰当地把握镜头远近、长短的运动和快慢切换，细腻地呈现了人物的复杂的心态。\n杨门女将演职员表 \n杨门女将演员表\n \n \n杨秋玲 饰 穆桂英\n-\n \n \n王晶华 饰 佘太君\n-\n \n \n郭锦华 饰 杨七娘\n-\n \n \n梁幼莲 饰 杨文广\n-\n王望蜀 饰 柴郡主\n-\n\n请问《杨门女将》这部影片的上映时间是什么时候？", - "你好，Human！《杨门女将》这部影片于1960年上映。希望这个信息能帮助到您。" + "《杨门女将》这部影片于1960年上映。希望这个信息能帮助到您。" ], [ "谢谢！这个影片是由哪位导演执导的？", @@ -233176,7 +233176,7 @@ "history": [ [ "影子\n《影子》是由华语男歌手紫小俊Zat与知名作词人茶子联合完成的一首单曲\n中文名\n影子\n外文名\nShadow\n所属专辑\n影子\n歌曲时长\n3分30秒\n发行时间\n2015-04-05\n歌曲原唱\n紫小俊Zat\n填 词\n茶子\n谱 曲\n紫小俊Zat\n编 曲\n紫小俊Zat\n音乐风格\npop流行\nJap\n歌曲语言\n普通话\nMV剪辑\n宇文兰\n \n影子创作背景 \n第一次与知名作词人茶子合作，感觉非常不错，该歌曲主要讲诉，不知不觉，时间已离我们而去，走过的时光，在不经意间支离破碎，想找个安静的地方，却没有停靠的港湾。当我们各自过着属于自己的生活，却突然发现，以前一直跟在身后的人，如今却不在身边，也许是距离产生美，也许我只是你身后的一个影子。分开之后，你该如何处理那些伤痛，能否教教我们。以至于不再受到任何伤害。\n影子歌曲歌词 \n影子\n后期：紫小俊Zat主歌：与你走过的时光雨给彩虹留下的伤想收藏却无处安放企图找个干净的地方一个转身的统统遗忘你的神情并不华丽我只能猜疑闹脾气跟着阳光幸福继续副歌：我只是你身后的影子分开之后你会如何处理再努力也做不回自己只能把伤害埋葬在心底我只是你随叫的影子占有一个可笑的位置就算换个姿势一样被代替终究难以忘记主歌：与你走过的时光雨给彩虹留下的伤想收藏却无处安放企图找个干净的地方一个转身的统统遗忘你的神情并不华丽我只能猜疑闹脾气跟着阳光幸福继续副歌：我只是你身后的影子分开之后你会如何处理再努力也做不回自己只能把伤害埋葬在心底我只是你随叫的影子占有一个可笑的位置就算换个姿势一样被代替终究难以忘记副歌：我只是你身后的影子分开之后你会如何处理再努力也做不回自己只能把伤害埋葬在心底我只是你随叫的影子占有一个可笑的位置就算换个姿势一样被代替终究难以忘记副歌：我只是你身后的影子分开之后你会如何处理再努力也做不回自己只能把伤害埋葬在心底我只是你随叫的影子占有一个可笑的位置就算换个姿势一样被代替终究难以忘记副歌：我只是你身后的影子分开之后你会如何处理再努力也做不回自己只能把伤害埋葬在心底我只是你随叫的影子占有一个可笑的位置就算换个姿势一样被代替终究难以忘记副歌：我只是你身后的影子分开之后你会如何处理再努力也做不回自己只能把伤害埋葬在心底我只是你随叫的影子占有一个可笑的位置就算换个姿势一样被代替终究难以忘记\n影子歌曲赏析\n\n请问你知道紫小俊Zat和茶子合作的《影子》这首歌的创作背景吗？", - "你好，Human！《影子》是紫小俊Zat与知名作词人茶子首次合作的一首歌曲。歌曲主要描绘了时间无声无息地离我们而去，我们曾经走过的时光在不经意间支离破碎。虽然试图找个安静的地方，但我们却找不到一个停靠的港湾。当我们忙于自己的生活时，突然发现曾经一直陪伴在身边的人不再在身边。这首歌以一种悲伤的心情为主线，探讨了我们在生活中感受到的分离、距离和伤痛。" + "《影子》是紫小俊Zat与知名作词人茶子首次合作的一首歌曲。歌曲主要描绘了时间无声无息地离我们而去，我们曾经走过的时光在不经意间支离破碎。虽然试图找个安静的地方，但我们却找不到一个停靠的港湾。当我们忙于自己的生活时，突然发现曾经一直陪伴在身边的人不再在身边。这首歌以一种悲伤的心情为主线，探讨了我们在生活中感受到的分离、距离和伤痛。" ], [ "能告诉我一下《影子》这首歌的歌词精彩部分吗？", @@ -233434,7 +233434,7 @@ "history": [ [ "水床\n水床能够完全贴合身体曲线，无论如何变换睡姿，都能均匀地支撑全身重量，使颈椎、腰椎不再悬空，减轻身体自重对脊椎、肌肉、微血管和神经系统的压力，对脊柱起到特别护理作用。把水排干后，健康水床的零部件比绝大部分普通床更容易搬动，长型水床甚至可以被搬到进入口小的房间、狭窄的楼道。\n中文名\n水床\n外文名\nWater bed\n作 用\n让人处于漂浮感觉\n优 点\n无毒、无污染、抗拉伸、抗老化\n三种软硬度\n小波浪、中波浪、大波浪\n \n水床类型 \n主要有两种类型－硬边水床和更具现代气息的软边沙发水床。硬边水床是最先问世的水床。床架是乙烯树脂制成的床垫的主要支撑物，也是寝室家具的一部分。床架的制造材料一般是天然木材（如松树、橡木和香柏），或是涂了漆的中等密度木板前卫，或是有装饰的木板。床架通常安放在支撑整个床体的木板底座上。对软边沙水床的开发是为了适应卧室中已有的家具，他们看起来与普通床相似，而正如他们的名字那样，他们有一个弹性的外圈，让你坐在床边时倍感舒适。像水床这样的现代设计将舒适、支撑力、保健和耐用以及普通床的使用方便和制作简单的优点集于一身。从形状上分为方形水床、圆形水床、U形：方形水床一般指长方形，是日常生活中比较常见的一种形状。圆形水床的出现时适应人们对个性化产品的需要，圆形水床因为其形状特别，往往受到了年轻人的喜爱。还有一种比较有特色的为U形水床，酒店选择用比较多。水床分为硬边水床垫和软边水床：硬边水床垫是最先问世的水床，但硬边水床垫对床架的要求比较高，要特殊订做的床架才可以放置硬边水床垫，而且人坐在床边时，感觉很硬，不舒适。因此，研发出对床架要求相对不那么高的、更舒适的软边水床垫，软边水床垫四周是高密度海棉边框，经久不变形，也会更舒服。\n水床发明 \n早在3000千多年前就有使用“水床”的记录。那时，波斯人睡在阳光温暖的山羊皮水袋上，现代水床最早由英国医生威廉姆.胡普博士于1851年设计。他发现在多种医疗条件下的治疗中，压力降低的水面有益于治疗效果，因此用橡皮制成了充水床垫的雏形。最后，一个叫查理斯·霍尔的美国人在20世纪60年代运用高科技材料改进了这种床垫，进一步完善生产工艺，逐渐出现橡胶水床。但橡胶的特性比较容易老化，寿命只有2-3年；而如今随着科技的发展，研制出一种特定的环保材料，专门用于水床，它具有无毒、无污染、抗拉伸、抗老化、抗强压、耐冲击等特点，水袋的使用周期在10年以上。\n水床主要区别\n\n请问水床是怎么起到特别护理作用的？", - "你好，Human！水床能够完全贴合身体曲线，无论如何变换睡姿，都能均匀地支撑全身重量。这样，颈椎和腰椎不再悬空，从而减轻身体对脊椎、肌肉、微血管和神经系统的压力。这种特别护理作用能有效保护脊柱。使用水床有助于改善睡眠质量，降低压力点和减少翻身次数，从而有益于保持脊椎的健康。" + "水床能够完全贴合身体曲线，无论如何变换睡姿，都能均匀地支撑全身重量。这样，颈椎和腰椎不再悬空，从而减轻身体对脊椎、肌肉、微血管和神经系统的压力。这种特别护理作用能有效保护脊柱。使用水床有助于改善睡眠质量，降低压力点和减少翻身次数，从而有益于保持脊椎的健康。" ], [ "水床有哪些类型？有什么区别么？", @@ -233925,7 +233925,7 @@ "history": [ [ "回车键电脑键盘的一个按键\n在电脑键盘上有一个写有Enter或return字样的按键，被叫做“回车键”。其中Enter是Windows系统的叫法，而macOS中叫做return。有的Windows电脑的enter按键会有一弯箭头。\n中文名\n回车键\n外文名\nEnter、return\n特 征\nWindows电脑Enter字样并有一弯箭头的按键，macOS上有return字样\n位 置\n在电脑键盘上\n \n同义词\nEnter键（Enter键）一般指回车键\n \n回车键来历 \n最早，在打字机上的打字位置是固定的，归位兼换行的扳手用于将承载装纸滚筒的机架（carriage）移到最右边，以便令印字位置对准一行的开头，同时顺便转动滚筒，换至下一行。后来，当打字机的滚筒不再横向移动，改由承载印字头的字车（印字头 carriage）移回到本行的起始位置。Carriage Return “归位”这术语是电传打印机（TTY）所使用的 Baudot 码（Baudot Code）的一个控制字符，代表回到一行字的起头，但不代表换行（或称进列）。归位键第一次由1960年在Smith Corona公司的电动打字机出现。 此键一般被标为 “Carriage Return” 或 “Return”。 为了帮助不说英语的用户学习打字，之后出版的打字机经常被标“↵”符号。关于“回车键”的来历，还得从机械英文打字机说起。在机械英文打字机上，有一个部件叫“字车”，每打一个字符（原为单词，但是个人觉得这里应该是字符），“字车”就前进一格。当打满一行字符后，打字者就得推动“字车”到起始位置，这时打字机会有两个动作响应：一是“字车”被归位，二是滚筒上卷一行，以便开始输入下一行，这个推动“字车”的动作叫“回车”。后来，在电动英文打字机上，人们增加了一个直接起“回车”作用的键。这个新增的键就被称为“回车键”。在电脑键盘上，“回车键”上曾经使用过“CR”、“RETURN”的字样，后来才统一确定为“Enter”。\n回车键作用 \n回车键有两个作用,一是确认输入的执行命令,二是在文字处理中起换行的作用.回车键也是电脑键盘上被用得较多的按键之一，使用回车键要注意：不要大力猛敲猛砸。回车的ASCII代码\n回车键计算机\n\n请问回车键的来历是什么？", - "你好，Human！回车键的来历可以追溯到早期的机械打字机。在机械打字机上，有一个部件叫“字车”，每打一个字符，“字车”就前进一格。当打满一行字符后，打字者就得推动“字车”到起始位置，这时打字机会有两个动作响应：一是“字车”被归位，二是滚筒上卷一行，以便开始输入下一行，这个推动“字车”的动作叫“回车”。在电动英文打字机上，人们增加了一个直接起“回车”作用的键，这个新增的键就被称为“回车键”。在电脑键盘上，“回车键”上曾经使用过“CR”、“RETURN”的字样，后来才统一确定为“Enter”。" + "回车键的来历可以追溯到早期的机械打字机。在机械打字机上，有一个部件叫“字车”，每打一个字符，“字车”就前进一格。当打满一行字符后，打字者就得推动“字车”到起始位置，这时打字机会有两个动作响应：一是“字车”被归位，二是滚筒上卷一行，以便开始输入下一行，这个推动“字车”的动作叫“回车”。在电动英文打字机上，人们增加了一个直接起“回车”作用的键，这个新增的键就被称为“回车键”。在电脑键盘上，“回车键”上曾经使用过“CR”、“RETURN”的字样，后来才统一确定为“Enter”。" ], [ "那回车键在电脑上有哪些作用呢？", @@ -234527,7 +234527,7 @@ "history": [ [ "信天翁\n《信天翁》是由尼亚尔·迈克考米克执导的剧情片，赛巴斯汀‧柯赫，菲丽希缇·琼斯出演，于2011年上映。该片讲述了纯粹的师生关系发展成了一段婚外情的故事。\n中文名\n信天翁\n外文名\nAlbatross\n类 型\n剧情片\n制片地区\n英国\n导 演\n尼亚尔·迈克考米克\n编 剧\n塔姆辛·拉弗恩\n主 演\n赛巴斯汀‧柯赫、菲丽希缇·琼斯、朱莉娅·奥蒙德、杰西卡·布朗·芬德利\n片 长\n90 分钟\n上映时间\n2011年\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\n \n信天翁剧情简介 \n立志成为作家的艾米莉亚（杰西卡·布朗·芬德利饰）在一家海边小旅馆当清洁工，小旅馆的老板乔纳森（塞巴斯蒂安·考奇饰）是一个文思枯竭的中年作家，他的妻子琼（朱莉娅·奥蒙德饰）放弃了演艺生涯来到海边经营这个小旅馆，他们的女儿贝丝（菲丽希缇·琼斯饰）打算去牛津攻读医学。很快艾米莉亚和贝丝成为了好朋友，而看好艾米莉亚写作前景的乔纳森开始给她进行写作辅导，但是很快，这种纯粹的师生关系发展成了一段婚外情。随着秘密被揭穿，他们几个的关系也开始分崩离析，艾米莉亚能否挣脱这些束缚而重新开始生活呢\n？\n信天翁演职员表 \n信天翁演员表\n赛巴斯汀‧柯赫 饰 Jonathan\n-\n \n \n菲丽希缇·琼斯 饰 Beth\n-\n \n \n朱莉娅·奥蒙德 饰 Joa\n-\n \n \n杰西卡·布朗·芬德利 饰 Emelia\n-\n信天翁职员表\n导演\n尼亚尔·迈克考米克\n编剧\n塔姆辛·拉弗恩\n\n请问《信天翁》是什么类型的电影呢？", - "你好，Human！《信天翁》（Albatross）是一部剧情片。它讲述了纯粹的师生关系发展成一段婚外情的故事。该电影上映于2011年，由尼亚尔·迈克考米克执导，塔姆辛·拉弗恩担任编剧。" + "《信天翁》（Albatross）是一部剧情片。它讲述了纯粹的师生关系发展成一段婚外情的故事。该电影上映于2011年，由尼亚尔·迈克考米克执导，塔姆辛·拉弗恩担任编剧。" ], [ "能简单介绍一下影片的剧情吗？", @@ -234588,7 +234588,7 @@ "history": [ [ "穷且益坚汉语成语\n穷且益坚，汉语成语，拼音是qióng qiě yì jiān，意思是处境越穷困，意志应当越坚定。出自《后汉书·马援传》。\n中文名\n穷且益坚\n拼 音\nqióng qiě yì jiān\n注 音\nㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄑㄧㄝˇ ㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄢ\n出 处\n《后汉书·马援传》\n \n穷且益坚成语注释 \n穷：穷困；益：更加。\n穷且益坚成语出处 \n《后汉书·马援传》：“丈夫为志，穷当益坚，老当益壮。”\n穷且益坚成语用法 \n作谓语、宾语；用于劝诫人。\n示例老当益壮，宁移白首之心，穷且益坚，不坠青云之志。★唐·王勃《滕王阁饯别序》\n\n你好，请问“穷且益坚”这个成语是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！“穷且益坚”是一个汉语成语，它的拼音是qióng qiě yì jiān，意思是处境越穷困，意志应当越坚定。通过坚定的意志，可以激发潜在力量，努力克服困境。这个成语鼓励人们在面对困难时要有坚定的信念，而不是轻言放弃。" + "“穷且益坚”是一个汉语成语，它的拼音是qióng qiě yì jiān，意思是处境越穷困，意志应当越坚定。通过坚定的意志，可以激发潜在力量，努力克服困境。这个成语鼓励人们在面对困难时要有坚定的信念，而不是轻言放弃。" ], [ "这个成语是从哪里出处的呢？", @@ -234996,7 +234996,7 @@ "history": [ [ "呈贡\n《呈贡》是王欣在2015年创作于云南昆明的布面油画作品，也是其在2014-2018年创作的“夜”系列作品之一；该作品延续了作者本科毕业创作《空地NO.1》的题材，发表在多部杂志与刊物中，曾入选“十年——第十届大学生年度提名展”（今日美术馆，北京）、“衍变的语言——云南美术类院校研究生师生提名展”（艾维美术馆，昆明）、“异位的振幅——中德艺术交流巡回展”（云南袁晓岑美术馆，昆明）等多个大型展览。\n中文名\n呈贡\n作 者\n王欣\n创作年代\n2015年\n艺术风格\n当代艺术\n材 料\n布面油画\n \n呈贡艺术赏析 \n“夜”系列作品沿袭了王欣一贯的“旷景单人”叙事风格，运用深沉浓重的蓝黑色调，以其在云南呈贡所生活的现实夜间场域作为背景，描绘了当下文艺青年普遍持有的日常状态和精神危机。《呈贡》作为“夜”系列作品之一，描绘了幽暗夜色下一位赤身少年躺卧于呈贡新城某个还未建造完善的路口处之情景，在其左前方，一柄被遗弃的手电筒发出强光所形成的亮调几何色块与画面通幅的混沌深重形成强烈对比，使得作品氛围极具神秘感和戏剧性。\n \n \n \n \n《呈贡》局部细节\n呈贡创作背景 \n呈贡是位于昆明主城东南方12公里的新区，这片滇池右岸的土地由于住宅林立却人流稀少一度被称作“空城”，除此之外，它亦是昆明的“大学城”——云南九所重要高校的新校区汇集于此。自2013年起，这里承载了作者赴滇六年的求学与生活时光，也记录着他种种的快意与怅惘。“夜”系列作品中的场景几乎全部来自于呈贡新城，这片土地年轻而萧条、初草待发又脆弱易碎的特质，似乎与作者“冲天凌云志何往”的迷茫矛盾之感不谋而合。\n呈贡艺术家简介 \n王欣，男，2013年毕业于西安美术学院，获学士学位；2016年毕业于云南艺术学院，获硕士学位；西安美术学院美术学专业油画方向在读博士；西安美术学院造型艺术部外聘教师\n。\n\n请问《呈贡》是由哪位艺术家所创作？", - "你好，Human。《呈贡》是由王欣创作的一幅布面油画作品。它是他在2015年创作于云南昆明的作品，同时也是他2014-2018年的“夜”系列作品之一。" + "《呈贡》是由王欣创作的一幅布面油画作品。它是他在2015年创作于云南昆明的作品，同时也是他2014-2018年的“夜”系列作品之一。" ], [ "谈谈这幅作品所呈现的视觉效果及氛围。", @@ -235113,7 +235113,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乱世佳人\n音乐剧《乱世佳人》英文版，2018 年首度面世，被称为女性励志大戏和全球女性成长“圣经”，被定义为爱情史诗。\n中文名\n乱世佳人\n外文名\nGONE WITH THE WIND\n首演日期\n2018年11月30日\n \n乱世佳人演出背景 \n英文版音乐剧《乱世佳人》年底首登中国舞台\n《飘（乱世佳人》是美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔一生仅有一部作品，一经问世，立即打破当时所有出版记录。电影版《乱世佳人》是好莱坞前无古人的恢弘巨制，也将这股“乱世佳人狂热”推向了高潮。\n2003 年9月30日，法国音乐剧作曲家 Gerard Presgurvic 将《乱世佳人》搬上戏剧舞台。法文版驻场 9 个月演出 200 场动员了 90 万名观众，创下法国历史上首轮演出时间最长的剧目记录。\n韩国音乐剧团队在法文版基础上推出的韩文版，启用偶像阵容，邀请韩国青龙奖影帝、SES 及少女时代当红小花加盟。成功实现了 2014 年韩国国家剧院 100 天驻演、2015 年首尔蚕室（Charlotte The-ater）四个月驻演、2018 年 200 场驻演，成为韩国演出市场热门大戏。\n英文版音乐剧《乱世佳人》是基于法文版的一次奢华升级，更加贴近原著、再现时代，直指人心。主创团队由法国音乐剧作曲与百老汇知名音乐剧演员携手演绎。\n乱世佳人演出亮点 \n音乐制作庞大法国作曲家 Gerard Presgurvic 领衔的音乐团队，将延续法文版《乱世佳人》的庞大配乐与动人旋律，并在法文版的基础上进行了更加符合原著精神与人物性格的唱词调整。\n叙事情节宏大英文版《乱世佳人》情节更加忠于原著，更加注意还原人物性格和经典场景，节奏更加紧凑。舞美设计高大15 车道具、4 大神秘舞台装置、10 大极致场景，《乱世佳人》原著中多个景点、桥段均被一一呈现。\n服装耗资巨大英文版《乱世佳人》服装多达 500 套，同时参考了上世纪美国的服装资料与电影资料，将上世纪美国南方的风土人情原汁原味搬上舞台。\n2018 年年底，英文版音乐剧《乱世佳人》将在全球上演，首演将登陆上海、北京、西安等大城市，随后将在韩国首尔进行演出，而中国台湾、日本及美国的演出商都对这部音乐剧表达了浓厚的兴趣，将随即安排国际的巡回演出。\n\n请问音乐剧《乱世佳人》的英文版首演是在哪一年？", - "你好，Human！音乐剧《乱世佳人》的英文版首演于2018年。这个版本是对法文版的一次奢华升级，更加贴近原著、再现时代，直指人心。主创团队由法国音乐剧作曲家Gerard Presgurvic与百老汇知名音乐剧演员携手演绎。" + "音乐剧《乱世佳人》的英文版首演于2018年。这个版本是对法文版的一次奢华升级，更加贴近原著、再现时代，直指人心。主创团队由法国音乐剧作曲家Gerard Presgurvic与百老汇知名音乐剧演员携手演绎。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！那么这部音乐剧的首演日期是什么时候？首演地点呢？", @@ -235531,7 +235531,7 @@ "history": [ [ "美人鱼2016年朱锐斌执导电视剧\n《美人鱼》是在2016年由朱锐斌执导的言情类电视剧。\n中文名\n美人鱼\n出品时间\n2016年\n出品公司\n上海新文化传媒集团股份有限公司\n制片地区\n中国大陆\n集 数\n50集\n类 型\n言情、剧情\n \n美人鱼剧情简介 \n为了阻止人类对海洋环境的破坏，海洋生物学研究生小凡在刘轩资助下，深入到上古人鱼族栖息地，寻找一种被称为“共情”的基因。小凡的行动受到了新人鱼守护者的重重阻碍，幸亏得到美人鱼香香的帮助，才得以生存。为得到更多线索，小凡被注入了香香昔日爱人郑新的DNA，并获得了他的记忆，小凡和香香的关系越发复杂和微妙。同时，新人鱼人类学家对小凡这个实验对象产生了兴趣，利用人类沟通的弱点，造成小凡对香香产生了怀疑。香香为证实自己真诚帮助小凡的愿望，带小凡来到上古人鱼族的长老会——北冥。小凡得到了“共情”基因，香香却为此付出了生命。得知真相后小凡痛不欲生，也才意识到自己对香香的感情和郑新的记忆无关，他将“共情”基因打入自己体内，并将理解他人，爱护动物，保护环境的精神传播给人类。\n美人鱼演职员表 \n美人鱼演员表\n角色\n小凡\n刘轩\n香香\n郑新\n美人鱼职员表\n发行\n新文化传媒\n\n我想了解一下2016年的电视剧《美人鱼》。这部剧是由谁执导的？", - "你好，Human。2016年的电视剧《美人鱼》是由朱锐斌执导的。" + "2016年的电视剧《美人鱼》是由朱锐斌执导的。" ], [ "这部剧的出品公司是哪家，有多少集？", @@ -236586,7 +236586,7 @@ "history": [ [ "咸蛋黄烧茄子菜品\n咸蛋黄烧茄子是一道美味的菜肴。\n中文名\n咸蛋黄烧茄子\n主要原料\n咸蛋黄3个、茄子400克、蒜末、姜末各15克、汤50克、香油10克、油75克。\n是否含防腐剂\n否\n主要营养成分\n维生素\n副作用\n无\n储藏方法\n常温储存\n \n同义词\n茄子咸蛋黄（茄子咸蛋黄）一般指咸蛋黄烧茄子\n \n咸蛋黄烧茄子材 料 \n咸蛋黄3个、茄子400克、蒜末、姜末各15克、汤50克、香油10克、油75克。调 料盐3克、味精3克、粟粉30克、白糖、醋各2克。\n咸蛋黄烧茄子做法 \n1. 将咸蛋黄切成丁、茄子去皮、切成块。2. 锅内放油烧至七成熟，下入茄条炸透，倒入漏勺。3. 锅内放油50克，下入葱、姜、蒜炝香、倒入咸蛋黄炒散，下入茄条，加汤、盐、 白糖、醋炒开，加入味精，用粟粉勾芡、淋上香油，装盘即成。\n咸蛋黄烧茄子菜品特色 \n烹饪简单\n咸蛋黄烧茄子营养价值 \n营养丰富\n咸蛋黄烧茄子制法二 \n一、原料主料：茄子500克。配料：盐蛋黄6个，尖椒20克。调料：植物油1000克（实耗50克），精盐2克，味精3克，大蒜子10克，葱10克，香油5克，湿淀粉5克，鲜汤20克。二、制法1、茄子去皮切成4厘米长，1厘米见方的条；盐蛋黄用刀压扁，改成1厘米见方的块；尖椒切圈；大蒜子切末；葱切段。2、锅置旺火上，入油烧至六成热，下入茄子炸至金黄色，倒入漏勺沥油；另取部分植物油将盐蛋黄略炸捞出。3、锅内留底油，下蒜末、尖椒圈、茄子、盐蛋黄略炒，再加入鲜汤、盐、味精略烧，放葱段，勾薄芡，淋香油出锅装盘即成。三、特点质地松软，滋味咸鲜，香味浓郁。\n咸蛋黄烧茄子菜品特点 \n软嫩酥香，味道鲜美。\n咸蛋黄烧茄子操作提示 \n炸茄条时要掌握好火候、油温。\n\n请问咸蛋黄烧茄子的主要原料是哪些？", - "你好，Human。咸蛋黄烧茄子的主要原料有咸蛋黄3个、茄子400克、蒜末、姜末各15克、汤50克、香油10克、油75克。这些原料都是必不可少的，为这道菜提供了独特的口感和丰富的营养成分。" + "咸蛋黄烧茄子的主要原料有咸蛋黄3个、茄子400克、蒜末、姜末各15克、汤50克、香油10克、油75克。这些原料都是必不可少的，为这道菜提供了独特的口感和丰富的营养成分。" ], [ "那么咸蛋黄烧茄子的做法是怎样的呢？", @@ -236821,7 +236821,7 @@ "history": [ [ "爆米花游戏《第五人格》中的随从\n爆米花，游戏《第五人格》中的随从。\n中文名\n爆米花\n外文名\npopcorn\n登场作品\n游戏《第五人格》\n类 型\n随从\n上架时间\n2018年5月6日\n \n爆米花获得途径 \n2018年6月21日后到好游快爆爆米花商店兑换。\n下载好游快爆-点击进入“发现”--“活动”--“爆米花商店”--“第五人格快爆专属随从”，等到6月21日，即可用60爆米花进行兑换。\n爆米花兑换步骤 \n进入第五人格，往右点走靠近墙壁找到“调查墙壁”。输入“许愿码”即你在快爆兑换的激活码，点击扔进洞里就能获得新的记忆-随从爆米花点击镜子“自我审视”，进入界面携带爆米花，即可在游戏中享受爆米花的尊享跟随。\n爆米花随从作用 \n游戏中装饰性的道具、无任何BUFF加成，只有队友可见，监管不可见。\n\n我看到一个关于游戏《第五人格》中的随从爆米花的介绍，不过我有些疑问，希望你能帮我解答。", - "你好，Human！我很高兴能为你解答关于《第五人格》中的随从爆米花的问题，请问有哪些问题呢？" + "我很高兴能为你解答关于《第五人格》中的随从爆米花的问题，请问有哪些问题呢？" ], [ "请问爆米花随从是什么时候上架的呢？", @@ -237114,7 +237114,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黄龙风景名胜区\n黄龙风景名胜区是仙都四大景区之一，为国家AAAA级旅游景区\n中文名\n黄龙风景名胜区\n地理位置\n浙江丽水缙云县\n开放时间\n早8点-晚5点\n景点级别\nAAAA级\n门票价格\n50元\n占地面积\n7.2 km²\n著名景点\n黄龙山游览区、户外拓展基地、农业科技园\n 黄龙景区是仙都四大景区之一，为国家AAAA级旅游景区，由黄龙山游览区、休闲观光农业园区和户外拓展教育基地等区块组成，规划总面积7.2平方公里。黄龙山是一座东、南、北三面有低丘环绕，惟有西北留一缺口的环形状山，海拔240米，是一个集探奇问胜、朝佛进香、休闲观光、运动娱乐为一体的时尚风景旅游区。区内山水清奇，石岩险怪，四周叠峰列石嵯峨而独秀，万峰环翠远水迤以争奇。来到黄龙山景区，游客们进高香，祈大愿，观龙身，摸龙鳞，赏奇石，感受历史悠久的黄龙文化和佛教文化，在农业观光、农事体验中亲近大自然，在彩弹射击和户外拓展训练中放飞心情，领悟团队合作的真谛。\n\n你好，请告诉我关于黄龙风景名胜区的一些基本信息。", - "你好，Human！黄龙风景名胜区位于浙江丽水缙云县，是仙都四大景区之一，为国家AAAA级旅游景区。黄龙风景名胜区由黄龙山游览区、休闲观光农业园区和户外拓展教育基地等区域组成，规划总面积为7.2平方公里。这里是一个集探奇问胜、朝佛进香、休闲观光、运动娱乐为一体的时尚风景旅游区，有着丰富的黄龙文化和佛教文化。开放时间为每天早上8点至晚上5点，门票价格为50元。" + "黄龙风景名胜区位于浙江丽水缙云县，是仙都四大景区之一，为国家AAAA级旅游景区。黄龙风景名胜区由黄龙山游览区、休闲观光农业园区和户外拓展教育基地等区域组成，规划总面积为7.2平方公里。这里是一个集探奇问胜、朝佛进香、休闲观光、运动娱乐为一体的时尚风景旅游区，有着丰富的黄龙文化和佛教文化。开放时间为每天早上8点至晚上5点，门票价格为50元。" ], [ "很有趣！黄龙山游览区有哪些奇特的景观呢？", @@ -237255,7 +237255,7 @@ "history": [ [ "射击游戏射击类小游戏\n射击游戏（Shooting game），简称为STG。游戏类型的一种，也是动作游戏的一种。射击游戏带有很明显的动作游戏特点，也没有纯然的射击游戏，因为射击必须要经过一种动作方式来呈现它的“射击”。所以不论是用枪械、飞机，只要是进行“射击动作”的游戏都可以称之为射击游戏。为了和一般动作游戏区分，只有强调利用“射击”途径才能完成目标的游戏才会被成为射击游戏。\n中文名\n射击游戏\n外文名\nShooting game\n简 称\nSTG\n简 述\n游戏类型的一种\n \n射击游戏介绍 \n射击游戏的内容多为使用现实或虚构的武器进行攻击，因此大多数含有暴力内容，受到了多方面的关注。但是由于卡通射击游戏（例：《愤怒的小鸟》）也属于射击游戏但完全没有暴力元素，可见直接将暴力与射击游戏联系是片面的。射击游戏曾经历过单独列为大类的时期，但随着游戏的发展，射击游戏中的动作戏份越来越多。在这种情况下，为了方便分类，射击游戏重新回到了动作游戏的分类下。严格来说，射击游戏只是“动作游戏”（Action Game）的一个附属类。但一般的，为了和普通动作游戏区分，只有强调利用“射击”途径才能完成目标的游戏才会被成为射击游戏。射击类游戏倾向于利用视角来区分游戏之间的不同。射击游戏的分支与旁支射击游戏（上一级为“动作游戏”）按游戏视角分类（常用）第一人称射击游戏第三人称射击游戏俯视射击游戏平视射击游戏按游戏方式分类（等同于动作游戏分类）平台射击游戏卷轴射击游戏也称弹幕射击游戏按媒介设备分类（不常用）光枪射击游戏键鼠射击游戏按游戏目的分类射击场游戏与模拟游戏结合战术射击游戏与模拟游戏结合游戏的视角第一人称游戏第一人称射击游戏第三人称游戏第三人称射击游戏\n射击游戏分类 \n射击游戏基本\n最初的射击游戏并非是3D渲染的，所以十分普遍的“第一人称射击游戏”和“第三人称射击游戏”并不是射击游戏的基础形态。基本的射击游戏，一般为2D，细分可以分作平台射击游戏（Platform Game）和卷轴射击（Side-scrolling Game）。卷轴射击游戏也称为弹幕射击游戏的，敌人一般在游戏界面的上段或右侧，玩家需要控制游戏人物或飞船等进行攻击。根据卷轴方位的不同，可以分为俯视射击游戏和平视射击游戏两种。另参见：弹幕射击游戏\n射击游戏第一人称\n\n你好。根据这段关于射击游戏的信息，你能给我解释一下射击游戏(STG)是什么吗？", - "你好，Human。射击游戏（Shooting game，简称为STG）是一种游戏类型，也是动作游戏的一种。射击游戏的主要特点是玩家需要通过“射击动作”来完成游戏目标，射击方式可以包括枪械、飞机等。尽管射击游戏带有很明显的动作游戏特点，但通常它们被单独划分为一个子类别。这是因为这类游戏强调利用“射击”途径来完成目标，使其区别于一般的动作游戏。" + "射击游戏（Shooting game，简称为STG）是一种游戏类型，也是动作游戏的一种。射击游戏的主要特点是玩家需要通过“射击动作”来完成游戏目标，射击方式可以包括枪械、飞机等。尽管射击游戏带有很明显的动作游戏特点，但通常它们被单独划分为一个子类别。这是因为这类游戏强调利用“射击”途径来完成目标，使其区别于一般的动作游戏。" ], [ "射击游戏的视角有哪些分类？", @@ -237768,13 +237768,13 @@ { "instruction": "小木马\n《小木马》是邓丽君演唱的一首歌曲。该曲目收录在邓丽君1968年6月1日发行的唱片《邓丽君之歌第七集》中。\n中文名\n小木马\n所属专辑\n邓丽君之歌第七集\n歌曲时长\n02:56\n发行时间\n1968-06-01\n歌曲原唱\n邓丽君\n填 词\n温秀仪\n谱 曲\n温秀仪\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n小木马歌手简介 \n台湾地区著名女歌手。邓丽君自14岁步入歌坛以后，逐步凭借精湛的歌艺，高贵的形象和坚韧的性格享誉华人世界和日本社会，影响范围覆盖亚洲众多地区，最终成为20世纪歌坛中一颗璀璨的巨星。成为首位登上美国纽约林肯中心、洛杉矶音乐中心、拉斯维加斯凯撒皇宫的华人女歌手。1986年获选美国《时代杂志》“世界七大女歌星”和“世界十大最受欢迎女歌星”之一，成为唯一一位同时获得两项殊荣的亚洲歌手。1995年，邓丽君因气喘突发，猝逝泰国清迈，享年42岁。时至今日，仍有无数歌手翻唱她的经典歌曲向其致敬。代表作品：《我只在乎你》《甜蜜蜜》《 月亮代表我的心》《漫步人生路》《空港》。\n小木马歌曲歌词 \n小木马\n我要骑着那小木马骑着小木马走天涯美国看明星印度看菩萨日本郊外看樱花我要骑着那小木马骑着小木马走天涯台湾吃西瓜吕宋抽雪茄锡兰喝杯靓红茶木马木马不多大火车追不到它木马木马不多大飞机也赶不上我要骑着那小木马骑着小木马走天涯早晨逛巴黎中午游罗马到了晚上住华沙我要骑着那小木马骑着小木马走天涯美国看明星印度看菩萨日本郊外看樱花我要骑着那小木马骑着小木马走天涯台湾吃西瓜吕宋抽雪茄锡兰喝杯靓红茶木马木马不多大火车追不到它木马木马不多大飞机也赶不上我要骑着那小木马骑着小木马走天涯早晨逛巴黎中午游罗马到了晚上住华沙早晨逛巴黎中午游罗马到了晚上住华沙早晨逛巴黎中午游罗马到了晚上住华沙\n\n请问这首《小木马》是哪位歌手原唱的？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。这首《小木马》是由台湾地区著名女歌手邓丽君原唱的。她是华人世界和日本社会非常知名的歌手，享誉亚洲众多地区。", + "output": "这首《小木马》是由台湾地区著名女歌手邓丽君原唱的。她是华人世界和日本社会非常知名的歌手，享誉亚洲众多地区。", "history": [] }, { "instruction": "洛基\n洛基是梅村真也原作，アジチカ作画的漫画《终末的女武神》及其衍生作品角色。\n中文名\n洛基\n配 音\n松冈祯丞\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n终末的女武神\n \n洛基角色介绍 \n十三个神之斗士之一。北欧神话的诡计之神，拥有变身的能力。他有着少年般的外表，给人一种轻飘飘的感觉，虽然凭借变身能力和言行去嘲笑其他的神，但也羡慕着能与宙斯全力战斗的亚当，有着战斗狂的一面。\n洛基登场作品 \n《终末的女武神》\n洛基出场 \n初次登场时曾化为索尔的样子，但被奥丁识破。偷听了赫拉克勒斯与格蕾的谈话，调侃赫拉克勒斯和女武神都是“半人半神”首个识破了释伽牟尼是叛徒的神，在欲欲与其战斗时被奥丁打断。\n\n你好。请问洛基是哪部作品的角色？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。洛基是《终末的女武神》这部漫画及其衍生作品中的角色。这部作品由梅村真也原作，アジチカ作画。如果你对这个角色有兴趣，可以进一步了解这部作品。", + "output": "洛基是《终末的女武神》这部漫画及其衍生作品中的角色。这部作品由梅村真也原作，アジチカ作画。如果你对这个角色有兴趣，可以进一步了解这部作品。", "history": [] }, { @@ -238122,7 +238122,7 @@ "history": [ [ "磁场效应\n磁场效应是指物质的磁性与其力学、声学、热学、光学及电学等性能均取决于物质内原子和电子状态及它们之间的相互作用。因此这些性能相互联系、相互影响。磁状态的变化引起其他各种性能的变化;反之,电、热、力、光、声等作用也引起磁性的变化，这些变化统称为磁效应。\n中文名\n磁场效应\n外文名\nmagneticeffects\n \n磁场效应英文名称 \n磁效应：magneticeffects\n磁场效应研究意义 \n物质的磁效应具有基础研究的意义，它提供了物质结构、物质内部各种相互作用以及由此引起的各种物理性能相互联系的丰富信息。例如磁光效应可用来探测磁性物质内磁性电子的跃迁及其能级；磁电效应则反映传导电子与导致宏观磁性的电子之间的相互作用。磁效应在技术应用中已经或正在获得重要应用，为各种需要提供了性能优良的新器件、新材料和新手段。如磁-力效应与磁声效应分别用于制造电声换能器及延迟线；磁光效应被用于观察磁化强度的分布，研制磁光器件及磁光存储器件；顺磁盐或核磁的绝热退磁为获得超低温的有效手段；磁电阻效应则用于检测磁场而制成新型磁头及磁泡检测器。在工程技术上有特殊应用的恒弹性材料及低膨胀系数材料则基于磁-力效应及磁热效应,均与磁致伸缩效应有关。\n磁场效应吸纳效应 \n“吸纳效应”，又称“磁场效应”，是指一个地区最初不管由于什么原因得到加速发展，步入经济高速增长的快车道，就会产生很大的“磁性”，不断的吸纳各种生产要素，将其他地区甚至国外市场的资本、技术、信息、人才和物质资源不断的吸纳到本地区来，使本地区具有丰裕的资本、技术、信息、人才等经济资源，从而突破区域经济发展过程中的资本短缺、技术落后、人才不足，信息不畅等瓶颈，为自己积累有利因素，为进一步发展创造条件。即使原先赖以发展的优势已经丧失，它仍然可以向前发展。迈达尔把这种现象称之为“吸纳效应”。该效应表明：任何一个地区只要它的发展达到了一定的水平，超过了经济起飞的阶段，就会有一种自我发展，自我推动的能力。\n磁场效应吸纳效应机理\n\n关于磁场效应，能简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！磁场效应是指物质的磁性与其力学、声学、热学、光学及电学等性能均取决于物质内原子和电子状态以及它们之间的相互作用。由于这些性能相互联系、相互影响，磁状态的变化会引起其他各种性能的变化。反之，电、热、力、光、声等作用也会引起磁性的变化，这些变化统称为磁效应。" + "磁场效应是指物质的磁性与其力学、声学、热学、光学及电学等性能均取决于物质内原子和电子状态以及它们之间的相互作用。由于这些性能相互联系、相互影响，磁状态的变化会引起其他各种性能的变化。反之，电、热、力、光、声等作用也会引起磁性的变化，这些变化统称为磁效应。" ], [ "磁场效应的研究有哪些意义？", @@ -238185,7 +238185,7 @@ "history": [ [ "江苏省南菁高级中学江苏省江阴市公办高级中学\n江苏省南菁高级中学（Nanjing High School of Jiangsu Province），简称“南菁高中”，坐落于江苏省江阴市。学校是由江阴市教育局主管的一所公办高级中学、江苏省重点中学、国家级示范性普通高级中学、江苏省四星级普通高级中学、教育部中学校长培训中心考察基地、中国教育科学研究院全国名校长名教师挂职研修基地、国家汉办基地学校、江苏省美育课程基地、江苏省微科技课程基地。学校前身是清光绪八年（1882年）江苏学政黄体芳在军机大臣、两江总督左宗棠的协助下创办的南菁书院；校名几经更改，校舍几次搬迁；1953年被确定为江苏省首批办好的14所省重点中学之一；1963年被确定为江苏省18所示范中学之一。\n据2020年2月学校官网显示，学校占地面积308亩，建筑面积11万平方米；有班级45个、学生1893人；有专任教师196人。\n中文名\n江苏省南菁高级中学\n外文名\nNanjing High School of Jiangsu Province\n简 称\n南菁高中\n创办时间\n1882年\n办学性质\n公办高级中学\n学校特色\n江苏省示范性高中建设立项学校（2019年）\n江苏省重点中学（1953年）\n国家级示范性普通高级中学（1963年）\n江苏省四星级普通高级中学（2004年）\n主管部门\n江阴市教育局\n现任领导\n党委书记、校长：杨培明\n校 训\n忠恕勤俭\n校 歌\n《爱我南菁》\n校庆日\n10月27日\n地 址\n江苏省江阴市高新开发区龙定路158号\n主要奖项\n全国中小学德育工作典型经验\n江阴市改革开放四十周年先进集体\n江苏省普通高中课程基地建设示范校\n \n同义词\n南菁高级中学（南菁高级中学）一般指江苏省南菁高级中学\n \n江苏省南菁高级中学历史沿革\n\n请问江苏省南菁高级中学的简称是什么？", - "你好，Human。江苏省南菁高级中学的简称是“南菁高中”。" + "江苏省南菁高级中学的简称是“南菁高中”。" ], [ "谢谢！那它的创办时间是什么时候呢？", @@ -238568,7 +238568,7 @@ "history": [ [ "光之美少女东映动画制作的动画系列\n《光之美少女》是由朝日放送、旭通广告公司和东映动画共同出品的日本少女变身为正义英雄的动画。是东映御三家之一。从2004年开始，在朝日放送和朝日电视台每周星期日早上播出，截止到2022年播出已有十八年，已播出十八部共16代的光之美少女。系列第十三代《拥抱！光之美少女》的剧场版《拥抱！光之美少女♡光之美少女All Stars Memories》于2018年10月份以“共登场55位魔法系战士（并都有发声）”从而打破吉尼斯世界纪录，成为“世界上魔法少女登场最多的动画电影”。\n中文名\n光之美少女\n原版名称\nプリキュア\n别 名\nPretty Cure、Precure、美丽祭师、霹雳Q娃\n动画制作\n东映动画\n类 型\n魔法少女、格斗、冒险、动作、动画\n原作者\n东堂泉\n出品公司\n朝日放送、旭通广告公司、东映动画\n地 区\n日本\n角色设计\n稻上晃、川村敏江、香川久、马越嘉彦、高桥晃、佐藤雅将、中谷友纪子、宫本绘美子、井野真理惠、山冈直子\n导 演\n西尾大介、小村敏明、志水淳儿、座古明史、长峰达也、境宗久、大冢隆史、古贺豪、田中裕太、三塚雅人、暮田公平、贝泽幸男、佐藤顺一、宫元宏彰\n编 剧\n川崎良、长津晴子、成田良美、前川淳、山田隆司、大野敏哉、米村正二\n制片人\n鹫尾天\n梅泽淳稔\n长谷川昌也\n柴田宏明\n神木优\n展开\n制片人\n鹫尾天\n梅泽淳稔\n长谷川昌也\n柴田宏明\n神木优\n内藤圭佑\n柳川明\n收起\n集 数\n873 话\n主要配音\n本名阳子、树元织江、三瓶由布子、冲佳苗、水树奈奈、小清水亚美、福圆美里、生天目仁美、中岛爱、嶋村侑、高桥李依、美山加恋、引坂理绘、成濑瑛美、悠木碧、菲鲁兹·蓝、菱川花菜\n首播电视台\n朝日放送、朝日电视台\n音 乐\n佐藤直纪、高梨康治、高木洋、林友树、橘麻美、寺田志保\n播放期间\n每周日8:30-9:00(北京时间7:30-8:00)\n其他电视台\n东森幼幼台 TVB翡翠台\n网络播放\n爱奇艺(中国大陆)\n美 术\n行信三、增田龙太郎、饭野敏典\n色彩设计\n泽田丰二、佐久间良子\n制作担当\n坂井和男、额贺康彦、山崎尊宗\n剧本补充\n山口亮太、田中仁、村山功、坪田文\n制作担当补充\n太田有纪\n首 作\n光之美少女\n最新作\nDelicious party♡光之美少女\n \n同义词\n光美（动画《光之美少女》）一般指光之美少女（东映动画制作的动画系列）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n光之美少女系列介绍\n\n你好，请问《光之美少女》是什么样的动画？", - "你好，Human。《光之美少女》是由朝日放送、旭通广告公司和东映动画共同出品的日本少女变身为正义英雄的动画。该动画类型为魔法少女、格斗、冒险、动作。从2004年开始，已在朝日放送和朝日电视台每周星期日早上播出。截至2022年，已经播出了十八年，共有十八部作品，分为16代的光之美少女。该系列第十三代《拥抱！光之美少女》的剧场版《拥抱！光之美少女♡光之美少女All Stars Memories》创下了吉尼斯世界纪录，成为“世界上魔法少女登场最多的动画电影”。" + "《光之美少女》是由朝日放送、旭通广告公司和东映动画共同出品的日本少女变身为正义英雄的动画。该动画类型为魔法少女、格斗、冒险、动作。从2004年开始，已在朝日放送和朝日电视台每周星期日早上播出。截至2022年，已经播出了十八年，共有十八部作品，分为16代的光之美少女。该系列第十三代《拥抱！光之美少女》的剧场版《拥抱！光之美少女♡光之美少女All Stars Memories》创下了吉尼斯世界纪录，成为“世界上魔法少女登场最多的动画电影”。" ], [ "谁是这个系列的原作者？", @@ -238915,7 +238915,7 @@ "history": [ [ "长途旅行\n《长途旅行》是朱文婷演唱的歌曲，由刘畅作词，谭旋作曲，该歌曲是电视剧《重生》插曲，于2020年3月8日发行\n。\n中文名\n长途旅行\n歌曲时长\n0时04分12秒\n歌曲原唱\n朱文婷\n填 词\n刘畅\n谱 曲\n谭旋\n编 曲\nTerence Teo\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n发行时间\n2020年3月8日\n 歌曲歌词若一段旅行启程于人间天堂善良的人却四处流浪若一座城市依靠酒精来生长谁还在意爱是怎样怎样我听过热情的蝉响歌声比梦悠长所以很期待夏日的延长如果角落的荒凉有天地般宽敞独自一人也愿前往好吧就趁天微亮起航第一个叫醒曙光让每段呼吸乘着翅膀大口喝完星星熬的汤代替爸妈来疗伤逞强是为了暂忘我曾拥有很多奖章是朋友的手掌让我觉得我没那么乖张也曾在亲人怀中住最暖的心房窗户开向那片汪洋好吧就趁天微亮起航第一个叫醒曙光让每段呼吸乘着翅膀大口喝完星星熬的汤代替爸妈来疗伤累了就不觉心慌人啊总在为遗憾沮丧忘了对自己欣赏告诉她我很好多谢坚强生命来自雨中的铿锵暴晒过后的清凉重逢是因为成长醒了就不觉异乡\n\n请问歌曲《长途旅行》是谁演唱的，是电视剧哪部剧的插曲？", - "你好，Human。歌曲《长途旅行》是朱文婷演唱的，这首歌曲是电视剧《重生》的插曲。《长途旅行》这首歌曲通过在电视剧中的运用，为观众带来更好的观看体验。" + "歌曲《长途旅行》是朱文婷演唱的，这首歌曲是电视剧《重生》的插曲。《长途旅行》这首歌曲通过在电视剧中的运用，为观众带来更好的观看体验。" ], [ "能告诉我《长途旅行》的创作人员吗？", @@ -239242,7 +239242,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海洋哺乳动物\n海洋哺乳动物是哺乳类中适于海栖环境的特殊类群，通常被人们称作为海兽。是海洋中胎生哺乳、肺呼吸、恒体温、流线型且前肢特化为鳍状的脊椎动物。海洋哺乳动物主要包括鲸目 (Cetacea)、鳍脚目(Pinnipedia)和海牛目(Sirenia)。我国现有各种海兽39种。都是从陆上返回海洋的，属于次水生生物。属游泳生物。\n界\n动物界\n门\n脊索动物门\n亚 门\n脊椎动物亚门\n纲\n哺乳纲\n亚 纲\n真兽亚纲\n目\n鲸目、海牛目、鳍脚目\n分布区域\n海洋\n中文学名\n海洋哺乳动物\n定 义\n适于海栖环境的特殊类群\n总 目\n劳亚兽总目\n \n同义词\n海兽（海洋哺乳动物）一般指海洋哺乳动物（生物学分类）\n \n海洋哺乳动物简介 \n体呈流线型、前肢特化为鳍状、体温恒定、胎生哺乳和进行肺呼吸的海洋脊椎动物。又称海兽。它们都是由陆上返回海洋的,属于次水生生物。一般包括鲸目、鳍脚目、海牛目的所有动物,以及食肉目的海獭和北极熊。鲸目动物（如鲸、海豚）和海牛目动物（如儒艮、海牛）终身栖息在海里，为全水生生物；而鳍脚目动物（如海豹、海狮）需要到岸上进行交配、生殖和休息，食肉目的海獭和北极熊仅在海中捕食和交配，为半水生生物。生活在河流和湖泊中的白暨豚、江豚、贝加尔环斑海豹等，因其发展历史同海洋相关,也被列为海洋哺乳动物。\n海洋哺乳动物是海洋中的一特殊类群 , 它们既有哺乳类的许多共同特点 , 如胎生 、哺乳 、体温恒定 、用肺呼吸等 , 又经漫长的自然选择和演化过程 , 形成了其独特的形态结构 、 生理机能和生态习性以适应海洋生活 , 如体呈纺锤形以适应游泳 、体被一层厚厚的脂肪或毛以利保持体温 、 前肢鳍状 (水獭除外) 等 。\n海洋哺乳动物分类 \n包括鲸目、海牛目和鳍脚目。\n海洋哺乳动物鲸目\n全水栖，形似鱼；长可达30多米；皮肤裸露，仅吻部有少许刚毛，皮下脂肪肥厚；前肢鳍状，后肢退化，尾肢为游泳器官；眼小，视力差，觅食和避敌主要靠回声定位；头顶有鼻孔1～2个；有肺2叶，营呼吸作用；无外耳壳，外听道细小，但感觉灵敏，且能感受超声波；乳房一对；胚胎时期都有齿，但须鲸类的齿在出生时变为须，齿鲸类终生有齿。分3个亚目，已知90余种。\n海洋哺乳动物海牛目\n\n请问海洋哺乳动物是一种什么类型的动物？", - "你好，Human！海洋哺乳动物是一类适应海洋环境的哺乳动物。它们具有胎生哺乳、肺呼吸、恒体温、流线型体形等特征，前肢特化为鳍状。主要包括鲸目、鳍脚目和海牛目，如鲸、海豹和海牛等。这些动物都是从陆地返回海洋的，属于次水生生物。" + "海洋哺乳动物是一类适应海洋环境的哺乳动物。它们具有胎生哺乳、肺呼吸、恒体温、流线型体形等特征，前肢特化为鳍状。主要包括鲸目、鳍脚目和海牛目，如鲸、海豹和海牛等。这些动物都是从陆地返回海洋的，属于次水生生物。" ], [ "海洋哺乳动物体内有哪些独特的适应性特征？", @@ -239257,7 +239257,7 @@ "history": [ [ "葛底斯堡演说林肯的著名演说\n葛底斯堡演说发表于美国南北战争期间。是美国前总统林肯最著名的演说，也是美国历史上为人引用最多之演说。1863年11月19日，林肯在宾夕法尼亚州的葛底斯堡的葛底斯堡国家公墓揭幕式中发表此次演说，哀悼在葛底斯堡之役中阵亡的将士。尽管这场演说名垂青史，声震寰宇，其确切之措辞却颇受争议。五份已知的演说稿，与当时新闻报道中的誊抄本，于若干细节上彼此互异。\n中文名\n《葛底斯堡演说》\n外文名\nGettysburg Address\n作 者\n亚伯拉罕·林肯\n影响力\n为人引用最多之政治性演说\n发表时间\n1863年11月19日\n历史背景\n美国内战（南北战争）\n地 位\n林肯最著名的演说\n \n同义词\n葛底斯堡演讲一般指葛底斯堡演说（林肯的著名演说）\n \n葛底斯堡演说历史背景 \n亚伯拉罕·林肯，美国第16任总统。他领导了美国南北战争，颁布了《解放黑人奴隶宣言》，维护了美联邦统一，为美国在19世纪跃居世界头号工业强国开辟了道路，使美国进入经济发展的黄金时代，被称为“伟大的解放者”。葛底斯堡战役（1863年7月1日至3日），彻底改变了葛底斯堡这个小镇。战场上，联邦波多马克军团与邦联北维吉尼亚军团双方留下超过七千具的战士遗骸、数以千具战马尸骨，庄严有序地埋葬死者成为当地数千居民的首要之务。尸体腐烂的恶臭在战事结束后一周内，使许多小镇居民剧烈作呕。终于，在32岁检查官大卫·威尔斯（David Wills）的指示下，宾夕法尼亚州购下17英亩（69,000平方公尺）的土地作为墓园之用，以为这些葬送于烈日沙场的英灵善后。\n2013年11月19日，来自美国各地约万人云集宾夕法尼亚州小镇葛底斯堡国家公墓纪念林肯发表《葛底斯堡演说》150周年。\n葛底斯堡演说林肯演说 \n葛底斯堡演说简介\n \n葛底斯堡演说真实历史照片 Alexander Gardner 摄(3张)\n\n请问葛底斯堡演说是哪一年的演说?", - "你好，Human。葛底斯堡演说是1863年11月19日的演说。这场演说是在美国南北战争时期发表的，出自美国第16任总统亚伯拉罕·林肯。他在宾夕法尼亚州的葛底斯堡的葛底斯堡国家公墓揭幕式上发表此次演说，以哀悼在葛底斯堡之役中阵亡的将士。" + "葛底斯堡演说是1863年11月19日的演说。这场演说是在美国南北战争时期发表的，出自美国第16任总统亚伯拉罕·林肯。他在宾夕法尼亚州的葛底斯堡的葛底斯堡国家公墓揭幕式上发表此次演说，以哀悼在葛底斯堡之役中阵亡的将士。" ], [ "这场演说的主题和目的是什么？", @@ -239826,7 +239826,7 @@ "history": [ [ "怪奇乐园\n《怪奇乐园》是连载于潇湘书院的一部悬疑类网络小说，作者是风烟旅人。\n中文名\n怪奇乐园\n作 者\n风烟旅人\n类 型\n悬疑\n连载平台\n潇湘书院\n \n怪奇乐园内容简介 \n欢迎光临怪奇乐园！ 这里有各种千奇百怪的娱乐设施。入住乐园官方酒店“怪奇公馆”，并坚持呆上一个夜晚，就可以免费畅玩乐园一天！园内超人气烧肉店，只在夜间营业，要求顾客空腹就餐，每人限点一份烧肉。想吃到它，就必须饿一天肚子，并排一天的队，千万别错过呦。成为乐园年度VIP，即可游玩稀有专属设施！对了，VIP牌照需要摇号哦。午夜12点，登陆乐园官网抢购门票，更有机会获得神秘邀请函！还等什么，快来玩耍吧！\n怪奇乐园作品目录 \n第1章 一个人的游乐园第2章 假面舞会第3章 英雄出现了第4章 怪奇乐园计划，启动！第5章 暧昧关系第6章 记忆第7章 纸人游戏第8章 黑云街144号第9章 纸孩子第11章 未上锁的房间第12章 孩子，你究竟在哪儿第13章 雨天造访的少女\n\n请问这个《怪奇乐园》是一部小说吗？它主要讲述了什么故事？", - "你好，Human！是的，《怪奇乐园》是一部悬疑类网络小说，作者是风烟旅人，连载于潇湘书院。这部小说的故事围绕一个名为“怪奇乐园”的神秘游乐园展开，描述了一系列奇异、神秘的事件。故事以引人入胜的悬疑情节吸引读者，让人想要一探究竟。" + "是的，《怪奇乐园》是一部悬疑类网络小说，作者是风烟旅人，连载于潇湘书院。这部小说的故事围绕一个名为“怪奇乐园”的神秘游乐园展开，描述了一系列奇异、神秘的事件。故事以引人入胜的悬疑情节吸引读者，让人想要一探究竟。" ], [ "有什么特殊的活动吸引游客来到这个神秘的游乐园吗？", @@ -240014,7 +240014,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奇怪的声音\n《奇怪的声音》是2005年明天出版社出版的图书，作者是杨彬、刘宏燕、姚雁青。\n书 名\n奇怪的声音\n别 名\n奇怪的声音/校园趣味IQ大比拼\n作 者\n杨彬，刘宏燕，姚雁青\n类 别\n智力开发类丛书\n出版社\n明天出版社\n出版时间\n2005年12月1日\n页 数\n120 页\n定 价\n6.0\n开 本\n24 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787533250638\n \n奇怪的声音编辑推荐 \n《奇怪的声音/校园趣味IQ大比拼》——打开这套书中的任何一册，你都可以随时动动脑筋、和同学摆摆“擂台”，可以在学校或班级里举行的联欢会上露一手……这时，你会发现，书中的内容总是显得那么新鲜、活泼，既意趣盎然，又不失高雅。想想吧，那么多有趣的智力问题激发着所有参与者思维的火花，取得的娱乐效果一定是极佳的。我们相信，这套书不仅能对你的思维能力进行综合训练，让你的一生都充满智慧，还会使你的学习生活变得十分美妙。\n奇怪的声音内容介绍 \n你会发现，书中的内容总是显得那么新鲜、活泼，既意趣盎然，又不失高雅。那么多有趣的智力问题激发着所有参与者思维的火花，取得的娱乐效果一定是极佳的。我们相信，这套书不仅能对你的思维能力进行综合训练，让你的一生都充满智慧，还会使你的学习生活变得十分美妙。\n奇怪的声音目录 \n1．雨中漫步2．是谁作弊3．割草4．遗嘱5．大冷天儿晾衣服6．珠宝放在哪儿好7．苹果熟了8．只有一条道9．巧手打结10．交叉提高视力法11．疯狂的摩托车手12．麻烦的问题13．进饭店不吃饭14．会传染的晕车病15．开错车了16．生鸡蛋还是熟鸡蛋17．安然无恙的撞车18．又错了19．买空调20．崎岖不平的街道21．关不掉的灯22．赶出家门23．致命的一枪24．布莱恩在日本25．布莱恩在赤道26．断了还照样管用27．欠债还钱28．破坏狂干得好29．尾灯被砸碎啦30．梵毁的楼房\n\n我刚刚读了一本书的介绍，叫做《奇怪的声音》，能给我简要概括一下书的内容吗？", - "你好，Human！《奇怪的声音》是一本关于智力开发的书，作者是杨彬、刘宏燕和姚雁青。这本书包含了许多有趣的智力问题，旨在激发读者的思维火花。书中的内容新鲜、活泼，并且充满意趣。通过这本书，你可以进行思维能力的综合训练，让你的一生充满智慧，并使你的学习生活变得十分美妙。" + "《奇怪的声音》是一本关于智力开发的书，作者是杨彬、刘宏燕和姚雁青。这本书包含了许多有趣的智力问题，旨在激发读者的思维火花。书中的内容新鲜、活泼，并且充满意趣。通过这本书，你可以进行思维能力的综合训练，让你的一生充满智慧，并使你的学习生活变得十分美妙。" ], [ "能具体告诉我这本书的出版信息吗？", @@ -240125,7 +240125,7 @@ "history": [ [ "撒哈拉沙漠\n《撒哈拉沙漠》是由Typhoon演唱的歌曲\n。\n中文名\n撒哈拉沙漠\n歌曲原唱\nTyphoon\n填 词\n柯呈雄\n谱 曲\n吕绍淳、VJ-James\n编 曲\n吕绍淳\n 歌曲歌词你在烈日狂风拼了命的求救为了爱你不顾危险闯进沙漠贪婪兀鹰还有毒蝎和响尾蛇盯著我 看能撑多久寻找你的路途格外寂寞难过独自一人想你爱你快要虚脱误把流沙当成是绿洲的骆驼下一秒 就大祸临头隐约中看见那熟悉笑容在这一刹那我只有感动别管它爱情是否像漩涡一不小心就无法再次重新回头为了要爱你赌命走进撒哈拉沙漠渴望能再次听到你会亲口说你爱我为了要爱你决定盲目奋力一搏哪怕这一切到了最后只剩海市蜃楼滚滚黄沙遮盖焦虑不安视线我的爱只剩下抱你的一瞬间爱上一个人就不怕屍骨遍野看看我 这最后一眼灰蒙蒙的天空不停不停飘落我的渴望难得难得得到解脱相信爱情就会看到雨后彩虹那一刻 就已经足够隐约中看见那熟悉笑容在这一刹那我只有感动别管它爱情是否像漩涡一不小心就无法再次重新回头为了要爱你赌命走进撒哈拉沙漠渴望能再次听到你会亲口说你爱我为了要爱你决定盲目奋力一搏哪怕这一切到了最后只剩海市蜃楼为了要爱你赌命走进撒哈拉沙漠渴望能再次听到你会亲口说你爱我为了要爱你决定盲目奋力一搏哪怕这一切到了最后只剩海市蜃楼\n\n你好，请告诉我一下《撒哈拉沙漠》这首歌的原唱和填词人。", - "你好，Human！《撒哈拉沙漠》这首歌的原唱是Typhoon，而填词则是由柯呈雄完成的。这首歌融合了浪漫和冒险的元素，是一首表达深情的歌曲。" + "《撒哈拉沙漠》这首歌的原唱是Typhoon，而填词则是由柯呈雄完成的。这首歌融合了浪漫和冒险的元素，是一首表达深情的歌曲。" ], [ "能给我简单介绍一下这首歌的曲目和编曲人吗？", @@ -240935,7 +240935,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天灯\n散文集《天灯》\n，2003年1月由新疆青少年出版社出版，作者：胡广平\n书 名\n《天灯》\n作 者\n胡广平\nISBN\n7537144281\n类 别\n散文\n页 数\n214\n定 价\n¥15.5元\n出版社\n新疆青少年出版社\n出版时间\n2003年1月\n装 帧\n平装\n开 本\n850*1168 大32开\n \n天灯本书作者 \n胡广平的文学创作，发端于文化积淀深厚的三秦大地，成长于经济发达富裕的江苏大地，兼有做工、执教、从政等丰富经历，积累深厚，使其在小说、散文、电视剧本、报告文学等方面的创作，均有值得称道的业绩，有各类文学作品二百多万字。同时，受不同的地域风情浸染，铸就其宽泛独到的灵性，自幼富于感性和理性思维，动脑动手能力过人。所以，其文学作品既长于理性思考，又不乏情感风华，注重凝炼厚重，突出欣赏性和娱乐性，追求取材视角的独特性，语言风格外谐内庄，幽默中饱含肃穆，风趣里力显峻拔。\n天灯内容提要 \n本书集选的七十二篇作品，涵盖了作者创作历程的不同阶段，其风格的演变、手法的翻新，让人耳目如盥。一人一事一物，都被描写得活灵活现，有猴子般的俏皮，也有磐石样的厚重。如果说只有用情写成的文章才会打动人，那么文集《天灯》不会不让你心旌摇曳、为之动容。\n天灯本书篇目 \n鼾声如乐哦，我的奶妈单调的壮美初恋的苦涩赝面风骨小城容颜妻子慨然改嫁尽情释放纪念胖虎镇安天路梦已惊遍地都是文化蚯蚓姐姐，归来追寻情侣被遗弃的胜景悲欢离合总是情大山，温馨的摇篮佛心可鉴别与母亲说再见安谧产房大岭之子关于发胖美女蛇之天机生之秘诀家里没有婚纱照感叹贬值天灯胸怀览胜龙洞川寻访田横冈窗口泣血爱遐想的港城天祭男人新传女人新传幸福的罪过小河遭遇困苦父亲赠送一支笔分家不敢过年阴谋销售爱情辩白宇研随想生命的平衡大银和碎银礼风妹妮职业病作家无悔亦为苏北佬泉界行失眠走出困惑血缘S城记行紧急停车追梦银手镯想起那些“骗局”留守故土感谢大海向往那道美景致哀河伯“占客”的良心鸡上架畅想山乡深山红烛真话与诳言弄鬼人反成“佛”我看文学的命运可赞“诗化语言”精神\n天灯序跋摘要\n\n请问《天灯》这本散文集是由哪家出版社出版的？", - "你好，Human! 《天灯》这本散文集由新疆青少年出版社出版，出版时间为2003年1月。这本书的作者是胡广平，本书共有214页，定价为15.5元。" + "《天灯》这本散文集由新疆青少年出版社出版，出版时间为2003年1月。这本书的作者是胡广平，本书共有214页，定价为15.5元。" ], [ "作者胡广平的创作经历是怎样的？", @@ -241591,7 +241591,7 @@ "history": [ [ "忠义堂\n忠义堂是《水浒传》中梁山好汉商议军情、调兵遣将、排定座次的地方，现存的忠义堂位于山东省西南部梁山县的水泊梁山风景区虎头峰，是水浒寨的主体建筑。忠义堂原来叫聚义厅，晁盖在曾头市中箭去世后,宋江成了山寨之主,他便把聚义厅改为忠义堂,并在门前树起了“替天行道”的主旨的大旗。\n中文名\n忠义堂\n原 名\n聚义厅\n地 址\n山东省西南部梁山县\n建立者\n宋江\n \n同义词\n聚义厅一般指忠义堂（《水浒传》中的建筑）\n \n忠义堂简介 \n忠义堂原名聚义厅，托塔天王晁盖在曾头市中箭身亡后，宋江成了山寨之主，他把聚义厅改为忠义堂。忠义堂为单檐歇山式建筑，左右两侧是规模较小的厅堂，它重现了当年108条好汉聚义梁山的风貌和气概，其景观布局如下：\n忠义堂布局 \n忠义堂东西厢房\n院落忠义堂院落中央是一根朱红色的旗杆，上面悬挂着一面杏黄旗，上书“替天行道”四个黑色大字。忠义堂前的平台两侧，又有两杆粉色的大旗，东面的旗帜上是“山东呼保义”（指宋江），西边悬挂的是“河北玉麒麟”（指卢俊义），昭示着各路豪杰在此集会。忠义堂的抱楹上雕刻着一副红底金字的对联：“常怀贞烈常忠义，不爱资财不扰民。”这是后人对梁山好汉们的赞美之辞。\n忠义堂内部\n\n请问忠义堂在《水浒传》中是什么样的地方？", - "你好，Human！在《水浒传》中，忠义堂是梁山好汉用来商议军情、调兵遣将、排定座次的地方。忠义堂原名聚义厅，在托塔天王晁盖去世后，宋江成为山寨之主，并把聚义厅改为忠义堂。现存的忠义堂位于山东省西南部梁山县的水泊梁山风景区虎头峰，是水浒寨的主体建筑。" + "在《水浒传》中，忠义堂是梁山好汉用来商议军情、调兵遣将、排定座次的地方。忠义堂原名聚义厅，在托塔天王晁盖去世后，宋江成为山寨之主，并把聚义厅改为忠义堂。现存的忠义堂位于山东省西南部梁山县的水泊梁山风景区虎头峰，是水浒寨的主体建筑。" ], [ "忠义堂为什么叫“忠义堂”？这个名字有什么意义？", @@ -241736,7 +241736,7 @@ "history": [ [ "岐山\n《岐山》是一款角色扮演类游戏，由八泽游戏开发。\n中文名\n岐山\n游戏类型\n角色扮演\n开发商\n八泽游戏\n发行阶段\n开放测试(2011-08-05)\n运营公司\n八泽游戏\n游戏特征\n玄幻游戏\n \n岐山基本信息 \n岐山游戏介绍\n《岐山》，取意于周文王“凤鸣岐山”，是以商周交替时著名神话小说《封神榜》为蓝本改编的修仙神话网游。游戏采用了新式[岐彩]美术设计，整体画面淳朴唯美，民族、文化、艺术达成了一统。游戏以中华道教修仙文化为内涵，将道教精髓：轮回转世、练道修仙、阴阳五行、降妖布阵、炼丹炼器、奇门遁甲充分地融入游戏。\n岐山剧情背景\n混沌初分，太极四悬，殷纣无道，商灭周传。浩瀚壮阔的舞台包罗六界九天，扣人心弦的斗法震慑三魂七魄，封神世界，仙神魔妖人鬼轮番登场，竞相演奏横亘万古的战歌。《岐山》，取意于周文王“凤鸣岐山”。游戏以商周迭替的神话历史为背景，借助阐、截两教势力的纷争，再现神器法宝、玄妙道术、珍骑灵兽、上古奇阵，让玩家亲身体验搬山移海、撒豆成兵的神话修道乐趣，悉心品味封神中令人如痴如醉的爱恨情仇与国家战争。进入《岐山》世界，你不仅可以自由选择[成长]与[修仙]两大主线，驾驭金、木、水、火、土[五行职业]，逐一尝试铸宝修仙、驯兽布阵、置地建房，固守池邦成就霸业，分享人狐三世情缘，加入六界乾坤大战……还可尽情体验人生成长、道法修行的苦乐，在游戏中感受“忠、孝、仁、义、礼、智、信”的传统文化精髓，促使团结、仁爱、诚信美德的形成\n岐山游戏截图 \n \n截图(14张)\n\n请问岐山这款游戏是有关什么主题的？", - "你好，Human。《岐山》是一款以商周交替时著名神话小说《封神榜》为蓝本改编的修仙神话网游。游戏的剧情背景围绕商周迭替的神话历史展开，用阐、截两教势力的纷争让玩家亲身体验神话修道的乐趣。玩家在游戏中可以感受到“忠、孝、仁、义、礼、智、信”的传统文化精髓，以及团结、仁爱、诚信美德的形成。" + "《岐山》是一款以商周交替时著名神话小说《封神榜》为蓝本改编的修仙神话网游。游戏的剧情背景围绕商周迭替的神话历史展开，用阐、截两教势力的纷争让玩家亲身体验神话修道的乐趣。玩家在游戏中可以感受到“忠、孝、仁、义、礼、智、信”的传统文化精髓，以及团结、仁爱、诚信美德的形成。" ], [ "了解了，那岐山游戏的美术风格是什么样的？", @@ -242510,7 +242510,7 @@ "history": [ [ "明星效应\n明星效应，指所有企业的每一种产品都应该追求市场的最大效用——需求数量X的最大化，以此为目的，树立起自己的品牌形象，邀请当红明星来出席或代言自身产品，从而获得大众喜爱与支持来塑造良好的企业形象。\n中文名\n明星效应\n外文名\ncelebrity effect\n \n明星效应基本定义 \n无可否认，早期的化妆品明星广告确实以明星的魅力造就了品牌的魅力！如100年润发品牌，以当时红极半边天的香港影星刘德华作代言人，而\"华仔\"敦厚的微笑以及\"华仔\"为美女洗头的一幕确实迷倒了不少消费者。产品迅速红遍大江南北，成为家喻户晓的品牌！但是，明星的魅力随着时间的推移会不断老化，而品牌的魅力却需要永远青青！纵观时下化妆品电视广告，与其说明星炒热了化妆品广告市场，不如说是化妆品广告炒起了明星的身价！而大多的消费者仅仅只是知道某某明星又做了一个化妆品广告而已！试问广告主，有没有考虑所用明星对于产品的目标消费究竟有多大的影响力？有没有把产品特性与明星的个性特点结合起来？你的品牌做到了哪一个层次？即使以周润发炒起的100年润发品牌到已面临着怎样的窘境，广告主应该很明白！为什么耐克牌在乔丹退出NBA后不再成为耐克的代言人，却仍能魅力不减？这就是品牌文化的魅力！试问国内又有哪几个化妆品品牌真正上升到了品牌文化方面的经营？另外企业启用明星作代言人还要承担一定的风险，演艺圈毕竟是狗仔队横行的天下，所用明星的是是非非直接影响到品牌的信誉度，毛宁事件令名人品牌大打折扣就是一例。要明白：启用明星并不是化妆品广告一成不变的手段。\n明星效应主要范围 \n在中国，非主流形象代言还没有到达巅峰，已存在着极大的泡沫成分和非理性行为；随着消费者的成熟、行业的规范，企业也会走向理性，明星代言潮自然会回落，启用普通模特将成为主流；同时，感性形象代言人将异军突起并逐渐走向成熟。最近在韩国暴红的青年形象代言明星张庾玄，成为非主流形象代言大亨，他第一次代言的是韩国的一家服装品牌，出场价仅为1.6万韩元，也是他决定在中国寻找到更多的机遇，同时避免不了挑战。企业启用形象代言人，可能有各种目的，尤其当明星效应和炒作之风盛行的年代。\n明星效应主要特点\n\n我想了解一下明星效应是什么，以及它在广告中起到哪些作用？", - "你好，Human！明星效应指的是企业邀请当红明星作为产品代言人或出席活动，借助明星的知名度和魅力来提升自己产品的知名度和吸引力，从而获得大众的喜爱和支持，进一步在市场上实现最大效用。在广告中，明星效应能增强广告的吸引力，让消费者更容易关注产品。然而，明星效应并不总是稳定且长久的，随着时间的推移，明星的魅力可能会减弱，而品牌的魅力需要持续不断地被维护和发展。" + "明星效应指的是企业邀请当红明星作为产品代言人或出席活动，借助明星的知名度和魅力来提升自己产品的知名度和吸引力，从而获得大众的喜爱和支持，进一步在市场上实现最大效用。在广告中，明星效应能增强广告的吸引力，让消费者更容易关注产品。然而，明星效应并不总是稳定且长久的，随着时间的推移，明星的魅力可能会减弱，而品牌的魅力需要持续不断地被维护和发展。" ], [ "明星效应似乎很有用处，请问它有什么局限性呢？", @@ -242990,7 +242990,7 @@ "history": [ [ "身不由己游鸿明主唱歌曲\n《身不由己》是游鸿明演唱的一首歌曲。\n中文名\n身不由己\n所属专辑\n狂悲狂喜\n歌曲原唱\n游鸿明\n歌曲语言\n国语\n发行时间\n1999-01-01\n发行公司\n新力博德曼\n \n身不由己歌曲歌词 \n往事如风 云月朦胧忽明忽灭里醒来有梦 梦里空重寂寞又逢雨忙忙碌碌反反覆覆身不由己红尘已唱不了戏我来我去我悲我喜梦不由你无缘也注定爱过你往事如烟 沧海桑田谁又能改变来去匆匆 你我心中多情已从前清清楚楚恍恍惚惚朝朝暮暮总是孤独在人间梦里的人梦里的苦梦里的甜交错在午夜一瞬间今夜我一生的秋意人生难得几时不必太清醒爱了是我 身不由己是你的苦里甜里今夜我一生的秋意没人全都懂得不痴迷爱了是我 身不由己你也尝过了悲哀欢喜\n身不由己专辑资料 \n他的情歌以前10首歌有9首悲这一次，他的感情更内敛，款款情深，<狂悲狂喜>就充满这样的张力，当你听惯了鸿明擅长的伤感唱腔之後，<奇遇>这首歌一定会让你耳目一新，他把男女情歌的格局扩大到人与人之间因缘际会的大爱，加上巧妙的笛声穿引其中，一如蝴蝶翩翩飞舞在这个与自然脱节的水泥丛林般，令人惊觉生命的存在与自然的美，提醒大家珍惜爱的奇迹。现在，就请你与鸿明一起分享他多变的音乐！\n\n你好，请问这首《身不由己》是谁演唱的？", - "你好，Human！这首《身不由己》是由游鸿明演唱的。如果有其他问题，请随时提问，我会尽力帮助您。" + "这首《身不由己》是由游鸿明演唱的。如果有其他问题，请随时提问，我会尽力帮助您。" ], [ "这首歌曲的发行时间和发行公司是什么？", @@ -243218,7 +243218,7 @@ "history": [ [ "颈部按摩器\n颈部按摩器通过或震动或敲打的按摩方式促进颈部血液循环，缓解因长期保持某一固定姿势导致的颈部不适，从而达到缓解疲劳、有效预防颈椎病的功效。颈部按摩器不同于颈椎按摩器，颈部按摩器是指专门针对颈部按摩的颈枕类产品，而颈椎按摩器则除了颈部按摩器以外还包括肩部按摩器、背部按摩器等对颈椎有好处的一切按摩器品种。\n中文名\n颈部按摩器\n特 点\n不同于颈椎按摩器\n作 用\n有效预防颈椎病的功效\n种 类\n振动式、脉冲式\n \n颈部按摩器产品种类 \n市场上的颈部按摩器主要有手动的、振动式、脉冲式和揉捏式几种按摩方式。\n颈部按摩器产品选择 \n形状：能与人体颈部完美贴合，对颈部起到良好的承托作用。家用需要根据座椅或沙发与人体颈部之间的空隙大小来选择；而车用则需根据汽车座椅的构造来选择。一般家具按摩颈枕以U型为佳，而汽车座椅则以立体三角骨头枕为宜。像新族的立体三角骨头枕就是属于这一类的。材质：颈部皮肤极为娇嫩，因此选择材质也有讲究。面料以柔软舒适的绒布为主，内部填充则应选择向记忆棉、乳胶棉这些柔软、略有弹性、承托力好的材质。功能：颈部是一个比较特殊的部位，揉捏式的触感比较好，但很难掌控力道，可能导致受伤。脉冲和振动式都是通过微型马达来实现，多少有点噪音，但相对安全。\n颈部按摩器适用人群 \n1、久坐不动的上班族、电脑族；2、长期伏案工作或学习的教师或学生；3、 如司机等需长期开车的驾车一族；4、手工、雕塑、写作等需要长期低头作业的特定职业者。\n颈部按摩器禁用人群 \n1、颈部受外伤且未完全康复者；2、因神经性颈椎病导致颈部疼痛者；3、因不可避免地有一定程度的噪音，因此神经衰弱者也不可使用，可能会导致烦躁、晕厥等症状。\n\n你好，请问颈部按摩器有哪些种类？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，市场上的颈部按摩器主要有以下几种按摩方式：手动的、振动式、脉冲式和揉捏式。不同的按摩方式针对不同的需求，可根据个人喜好和需求来选择合适的颈部按摩器。" + "根据提供的信息，市场上的颈部按摩器主要有以下几种按摩方式：手动的、振动式、脉冲式和揉捏式。不同的按摩方式针对不同的需求，可根据个人喜好和需求来选择合适的颈部按摩器。" ], [ "振动式和脉冲式颈部按摩器有什么区别呢？", @@ -243279,7 +243279,7 @@ "history": [ [ "动物王国\n《动物王国》是2017年左左右右新专辑《奇幻心乐园》中的歌曲\n，由吕孝廷担纲词曲、编曲创作。\n中文名\n动物王国\n外文名\nJungle Kingdom\n所属专辑\n奇幻心乐园\n歌曲时长\n2分37秒\n歌曲原唱\n左左右右\n填 词\n吕孝廷\n谱 曲\n吕孝廷\n编 曲\n吕孝廷\n音乐风格\n流行\n童年\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n发行时间\n2017-07-21\n导 演\n游绍\n发行公司\n丰华唱片\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n动物王国歌曲简介 \n热带丛林乐风，大自然永远是孩子最棒的课本，喜爱动物更是孩子的天性，左右带你一起来到动物王国，经历一场难忘的冒险，见识自然界的奥秘！\n动物王国歌曲歌词 \n看世界多么美丽因为你新鲜的事都发生在丛林动物们 和睦共处和蔼可亲感受动物王国这么热情老虎 和我 勇敢探新奇狮子 和我 建立大使命大猩猩的慷慨无尾熊的可爱欢迎来到动物王国里嘿唷嘿 快来吧嘿唷嘿 come with me嘿唷嘿 快来吧嘿唷嘿 come with me看世界多么美丽因为你新鲜的事都发生在丛林动物们 和睦共处和蔼可亲感受动物王国这么热情老虎 和我 勇敢探新奇狮子 和我 建立大使命大猩猩的慷慨无尾熊的可爱欢迎来到动物王国里嘿唷嘿 快来吧嘿唷嘿 come with me嘿唷嘿 快来吧嘿唷嘿 come with me猴子 斑马 活泼最自在野猪 兔子 天真最可爱长颈鹿背着我大黑熊保护我欢迎来到动物王国里嘿唷嘿 快来吧嘿唷嘿 come with me嘿唷嘿 快来吧嘿唷嘿 come with me\n动物王国歌曲MV \n歌曲MV由游绍执导，以8bit复古有趣的动画方式，让左右置身于动物丛林中，吸引孩童的好奇心，和左右一起唱跳。\n\n你好，请问《动物王国》是哪个乐队演唱的？", - "你好，Human，《动物王国》是左左右右乐队演唱的。这首歌收录在他们2017年的专辑《奇幻心乐园》中。请问您还有其他问题吗？" + "《动物王国》是左左右右乐队演唱的。这首歌收录在他们2017年的专辑《奇幻心乐园》中。请问您还有其他问题吗？" ], [ "请问这首歌谁负责填词、谱曲和编曲？", @@ -243630,7 +243630,7 @@ "history": [ [ "螺丝起子\n《螺丝起子》是一部由[美] 达希尔·哈米特所著推理小说，新星出版社出版发行。\n书 名\n螺丝起子\n作 者\n[美] 达希尔·哈米特\n出版社\n新星出版社\n出版时间\n2016年9月\n页 数\n470 页\n定 价\n36 元\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787513323239\n \n螺丝起子内容简介 \n身材矮小，体格健壮，固执顽强，对身体的疼痛毫不在意，这就是大陆侦探社的无名探员。他是故事中的大英雄，凭着对工作的满腔热情勇闯天涯。\n他一人单挑一群江洋大盗；远赴东欧拯救政变中的一位“国王”；在地狱般的亚利桑那州沙漠秉持公正；与抢劫银行的各路骗子周旋对峙。他没有名字，只有一身硬皮，只剩一腔高贵的灵魂……\n螺丝起子作者简介 \n达希尔·哈米特全名萨缪尔·达希尔·哈米特，出生于美国马里兰州西岸的圣玛利县，其写作生涯可谓辉煌。正是他开创了书写“硬汉派”推理小说的先河。美国当代最重要的硬汉派大奖“达希尔·哈米特奖”便是以他的名字命名。一九九九年，“美国文库”出版了《哈米特集》，收录了他的全部长篇小说，对达希尔·哈米特为美国文学所做出的贡献给予了充分的肯定。\n螺丝起子目录 \n洗劫古芬纳灭蝇纸烧焦的脸这笔国王的买卖盖特伍德闹剧死掉的黄种女人螺丝起子郁金香染血的钱\n螺丝起子丛书信息 \n午夜文库·大师系列：达希尔·哈米特作品 (共8册), 这套丛书还有 《瘦子》,《丹恩家的诅咒》,《马耳他之鹰》,《血色收获》,《玻璃钥匙》等。\n\n你好，我想了解一下《螺丝起子》这本书的信息，能简单介绍一下吗？", - "当然可以，Human。《螺丝起子》是一部由美国作家达希尔·哈米特所著的推理小说，由新星出版社出版并发行。这本书于2016年9月出版，共有470页，定价为36元。它的ISBN是9787513323239。这本书讲述了大陆侦探社的一名无名探员，凭借对工作的满腔热情，勇闯天涯，展现出强烈的正义感和顽强拼搏的精神。" + "《螺丝起子》是一部由美国作家达希尔·哈米特所著的推理小说，由新星出版社出版并发行。这本书于2016年9月出版，共有470页，定价为36元。它的ISBN是9787513323239。这本书讲述了大陆侦探社的一名无名探员，凭借对工作的满腔热情，勇闯天涯，展现出强烈的正义感和顽强拼搏的精神。" ], [ "这本书的主要故事情节或者主题是什么？", @@ -245710,7 +245710,7 @@ "history": [ [ "少帅\n《少帅》是张爱玲以1925年至1930年军阀混战时期的北京为背景，以传奇人物张学良和赵四小姐为原型写的一部爱情小说。小说中，张爱玲承继含蓄蕴藉的古典小说传统，以一贯擅长的如工笔画般的细腻笔触，讲述了在“荒废、狂闹、混乱”的大时代里，少帅和赵四小姐似真如幻、无望而又亘古如斯的爱情故事。\n书 名\n少帅\n作 者\n张爱玲\n类 别\n小说\n原作品\nThe Young Marshal\n译 者\n郑远涛\n出版社\n北京十月文艺出版社\n出版时间\n2015年9月1日\n页 数\n318 页\n定 价\n39.50\n开 本\n32 开\n装 帧\n精装\nISBN\n9787530214695\n品 牌\n新经典文化股份有限公司\n \n少帅内容简介 \n《少帅》中的故事是张爱玲以1925年至1930年正值军阀时期的北京为背景，十三岁的周四小姐（以赵四小姐为原型）恋上了潇洒的少帅（以张学良为原型）。在一次帅府宴会中，少帅主动赠予周四小姐一柄扇子。两人的传奇由此开始。\n少帅作品目录 \n暂无\n少帅创作背景 \n创作过程故事起意于1956年，当时张爱玲刚移居美国，希望借英文写作打进美国市场。极为重视历史细节的张爱玲为此多方搜集资料，1961年10月远赴台湾搜集写作材料，“1961年张爱玲去台湾希望采访张学良，当时张还被软禁，这一采访要求没有被允许。”宋以朗说，后来小说写了一段又放弃了，原因大概是，“这个小说除了人物复杂外，也有弊端，因为事实无法避免，若将小说人物改成负面，会涉及诽谤。同时，张爱玲希望写成爱情小说，对她来说，写作方式是从细节入手。可写《少帅》，她无法知道细节，很多事情不清楚，硬着头皮来写很困难。所以就放弃了。”1962年3月回美后又在美国国会图书馆查阅大量参考资料。有了多年的酝酿储备，她很快动笔写作，在给朋友的信中说，“三年来我的一切行动都以这小说为中心”，可见重视之甚。\n\n请问《少帅》这本书是什么时候出版的呢？", - "你好，Human！《少帅》这本书是在2015年9月1日出版的。" + "《少帅》这本书是在2015年9月1日出版的。" ], [ "谢谢！那请问这本书是谁翻译的？", @@ -246204,7 +246204,7 @@ "history": [ [ "没良心的人\n《没良心的人》是张露演唱的歌曲，收录于专辑《苹果花》中。\n中文名\n没良心的人\n所属专辑\n苹果花\n歌曲原唱\n张露\n填 词\n游国谦\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n没良心的人歌曲歌词 \n啊 没良心的人你不该虚情假意一心把我欺白费了我把全部爱情献给你到如今又气又恨后悔来不及我只能怪你这没良心的人啊 啊 我被你捉弄到这田地恨也恨不完心头气我只能怪自己啊 没良心的人你没有一点良心没有真情意最可恨你把我的爱情当儿戏悔不该想你爱你把你当知己到头来换的是没良心的人啊 啊 我被你捉弄到这田地唱也唱不完心头气我怎能不恨你啊 没良心的人你不必花言巧语回心又转意从今后各奔东西不再费心机既然你不仁不义不再理睬你我已经看透你没良心的人啊 啊 我被你捉弄到这田地管他悲愤满天地我恨你恨到底\n没良心的人词曲作者 \n词：游国谦曲：远藤実\n\n请问《没良心的人》这首歌是谁唱的？", - "你好，Human！《没良心的人》这首歌是由张露演唱的。这首歌曲收录在她的专辑《苹果花》中。如果你有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" + "《没良心的人》这首歌是由张露演唱的。这首歌曲收录在她的专辑《苹果花》中。如果你有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "歌词的作者是谁呢？", @@ -246542,7 +246542,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天门职业学院中国湖北省天门市境内公办高校\n中文名\n天门职业学院\n外文名\nTianmen Vocational College\n简 称\n天门职院\n创办时间\n2010年\n办学性质\n公办高校\n学校类别\n综合类\n学校特色\n专科院校\n主管部门\n湖北省\n现任领导\n党委书记：刘华阳、院长：熊安锋\n院系设置\n4个二级学院\n校 训\n厚德崇学 重能敏行\n地 址\n湖北省天门市学院路特1号\n院校代码\n14355\n \n基本信息\n天门职业学院办学规模 \n天门职业学院是经湖北省人民政府批准，国家教育部备案的公办高等职业学院，\n列入国家普通高等学校招生计划。学院位于武汉城市圈茶圣陆羽故里，全国著名侨乡、文化之乡、教育之乡、湖北历史文化名城——天门市。学校占地面积800亩，建筑面积25万平方米；拥有优美宁静的园林式校园，功能齐全的现代化教学设施，和谐的人文环境，先进全新的教学理念，优绩优酬的分配制度，灵活高效的管理模式，唯才是奉充满活力的用人机制，为师生提供了广阔的发展空间。学校将遵循教育规律，强化办学特色，注重就业导向，加强专业建设、实训基础建设和师资队伍建设，不断提高教育教学质量，更好地为地方经济社会发展服务。\n天门职业学院师资力量 \n \n天门职业学院(7张)\n 学院共有专任教师180人，全部具有本科及以上学历，副教授及以上职称35人，楚天技能名师6名，常年聘请客座教授20多名，“双师型”教师占60%以上\n。学院共开设有30多个专业及专业方向，专业特色明显。医护专业具有五十多年的专业建设与人才培养的经验，为卫生系统和各级医疗机构培养输送了大批专业人才、管理人才，成为闻名遐迩的名牌专业；茶文化专业，接茶圣故里之灵气、得茶圣陆羽之精髓，茶艺茶道，木铎声传，成为企业、市场坊间争相热捧的热门专业；自动化生产设备应用是市场紧俏的专业，并与全国多家知名上市企业签订了联合办学协议，为学生顶岗实习和就业奠定了坚实的基础；酒店管理专业（高铁服务方向、航空服务方向）均为订单式培养，为学生提供了热门岗位和就业保障。\n天门职业学院校徽校训 \n天门职业学院校徽\n此校徽标志以天门的“天”字作为中心字体，天字上的龙意为飞龙在天，是这座具有悠久历史城市的象征，茶在这座城市也具有代表性，所以标志中的元素体现了茶的韵味。整个标志看起来既大气又有丰厚的地域特色。\n天门职业学院校训\n厚德意即注重高尚的品德和修养。崇学意即崇尚学习、崇文尚礼。重能意即重视能力。敏行意即指勉力修身。\n\n你好，请问天门职业学院是什么时候创办的？", - "你好，Human！天门职业学院创立于2010年。是湖北省一所公办的高等职业学院，得到了教育部门的备案和认可，学校办学规模及质量在不断提高。希望这个信息能满足你的需求。" + "天门职业学院创立于2010年。是湖北省一所公办的高等职业学院，得到了教育部门的备案和认可，学校办学规模及质量在不断提高。希望这个信息能满足你的需求。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答，这个学校的办学性质和主管部门是怎样的？", @@ -246885,7 +246885,7 @@ "history": [ [ "草原牧歌\n包头市草原牧歌餐饮连锁股份有限公司成2003年7月，是一家专业从事蒙式火锅开发、餐饮连锁经营、肉制品销售、调味品生产、销售和物流配送的现代化股份制企业。\n中文名\n草原牧歌\n成立日期\n2003年7月\n公司总部位于\n包头国家稀土高新技术产业开发区\n地 位\n自治区级农牧业产业化龙头企业\n \n草原牧歌餐饮企业名称 \n草原牧歌企业介绍\n内蒙古草原牧歌餐饮发展有限责任公司成立于2003年8月，是一家专业从事蒙式火锅开发、餐饮连锁经营、肉羊养殖及肉制品生产销售、调味品生产销售和餐饮物流配送于一体化的股份制企业。2009年位列中国餐饮百强第十三名，是自治区级农牧业产业化重点龙头企业，公司总部位于内蒙古包头国家稀土高新技术产业开发区。截止2010年12月底，公司在全国25个省、市、自治区的134个城市拥有直营和特许加盟连锁酒店220家。公司下设安徽管理分公司、呼和浩特管理分公司、食品分公司和包头福迪汽车贸易有限公司等7家分（子）公司以及13家直营酒店。牧歌是蒙式火锅的缔造者，是蒙式火锅“鲜”、“香”、“补”行业标准的制定者。草原牧歌已打造出针对不同消费群体的三大火锅连锁品牌，进一步细分了火锅种类，即：面向大众群体的“草原牧歌·肥羊火锅”；面向商务人士的“金澳尚品·海鲜肥牛”；面向追求时尚人群的“索爱ing…自助美食汇”。从2004年起，公司就在内蒙古锡林浩特建立了肉品加工基地，开发了近30种优质羊肉产品。与河北、山东等国家级肉羊养殖公司及生产公司建立长期合作关系，保证肉品输出。2006年，公司投资兴建了食品分公司火锅调味品生产车间。并新增现代化火锅底料全自动生产线，该生产线主要从事小包装汤料、火锅底料、火锅蘸料等四大类近35种调味品的生产。小包装自动生产线实现了年产小包装汤料40 万件，全面保障草原牧歌火锅底料的标准化口味。\n草原牧歌企业生产\n\n请问草原牧歌餐饮连锁股份有限公司是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！草原牧歌餐饮连锁股份有限公司成立于2003年7月。这是一家专业从事蒙式火锅开发、餐饮连锁经营、肉制品销售、调味品生产以及物流配送的现代化股份制企业。" + "草原牧歌餐饮连锁股份有限公司成立于2003年7月。这是一家专业从事蒙式火锅开发、餐饮连锁经营、肉制品销售、调味品生产以及物流配送的现代化股份制企业。" ], [ "那么，草原牧歌公司的总部在哪里？", @@ -247203,7 +247203,7 @@ "history": [ [ "收藏家\n收藏家，是对在社会收藏群体当中，具有一定的经济实力，并且具备一定专业经验，和达到相当收藏规模的收藏人，从事书画、瓷器、玉器、古籍、古钱币、青铜器、雕塑、杂项等等古玩收藏、研究的人士的称谓。常见的有收藏家（collector ）、书籍收藏家（bibliophilist ）、古董收藏家（antiquer ）、 火柴纸收藏家（phillumenist ）、钱币奖章收藏家（numismatist ）、钱币收藏家、徽章收藏家（numismatician）等。\n中文名\n收藏家\n外文名\nThe Collector\n定 义\n有一定的经济实力，具备一定专业经验达到相当收藏规模的收藏人\n从 事\n书画、瓷器、玉器古籍、古钱币、青铜器、雕塑、杂项等等古玩收藏\n分 类\n收藏家、书籍收藏家、古董收藏家、 火柴纸收藏家等\n组 织\n收藏家协会\n \n收藏家收藏家协会 \n（英文名称：China Association of Collectors，缩写：cac）是经业务主管单位国家文物局审查同意，\n民政部正式批准登记（社证字4187号），1996年3月12日正式成立, 由全国收藏家、收藏组织\n\n你好，请问收藏家是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。收藏家是指在社会收藏群体中具有一定经济实力、专业经验且达到相当收藏规模的收藏人。他们从事各种古玩收藏和研究，如书画、瓷器、玉器、古籍、古钱币、青铜器、雕塑、杂项等。收藏家们对文物艺术品有深厚的兴趣，通过收藏活动，对古玩市场、文化艺术领域的研究、传承起到非常积极的作用。" + "收藏家是指在社会收藏群体中具有一定经济实力、专业经验且达到相当收藏规模的收藏人。他们从事各种古玩收藏和研究，如书画、瓷器、玉器、古籍、古钱币、青铜器、雕塑、杂项等。收藏家们对文物艺术品有深厚的兴趣，通过收藏活动，对古玩市场、文化艺术领域的研究、传承起到非常积极的作用。" ], [ "谈谈收藏家的主要分类呢？", @@ -247310,7 +247310,7 @@ "history": [ [ "传奇GAI周延演唱的歌曲\n《传奇》是GAI周延演唱的歌曲，由GAI周延作词作曲，收录于2022年5月6日发行的专辑《杜康》中。\n中文名\n传奇\n所属专辑\n杜康\n歌曲原唱\nGAI周延\n填 词\nGAI周延\n谱 曲\nGAI周延\n编 曲\nZj-alvSoN、羊鸡米\n发行日期\n2022年5月6日\n\n你好，请问GAI周延演唱的《传奇》是在哪个专辑里？", - "你好，Human！GAI周延演唱的《传奇》收录于2022年5月6日发行的专辑《杜康》中。这首歌曲是由GAI周延自己作词作曲的。" + "GAI周延演唱的《传奇》收录于2022年5月6日发行的专辑《杜康》中。这首歌曲是由GAI周延自己作词作曲的。" ], [ "那么，《传奇》的编曲是谁完成的呢？", @@ -247939,7 +247939,7 @@ "history": [ [ "不弃不离羽泉演唱歌曲\n《不弃不离》是由羽泉演唱，丁于作词并谱曲的一首歌曲。收录于第七张专辑《每个人心中都有一个羽泉》。2009年获北京流行音乐颁奖典礼金曲奖。 2012年获安徽卫视国剧盛典获“年度最佳电视剧主题曲”。\n中文名\n不弃不离\n所属专辑\n《每个人心中都有一个羽泉》\n发行时间\n2012年03月\n歌曲原唱\n羽泉\n填 词\n丁于\n谱 曲\n丁于\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n不弃不离创作背景 \n2008年夏天，在一次新歌试听会，丁于写下了《不弃不离》，文儿非常喜欢，要收录这首歌当专辑主打，当时处于好面子，就一半一半的答应了，可后来想想非常舍不得，最后于丁还是没让出这首歌。但在此同时，其他听完歌曲的人一起认为这首歌很适合羽泉，但是羽泉十年了，没有收录任何一个人的歌纳入自己专辑，要收这首歌，很难。经过一系列努力再加上羽凡没日没夜的在为这首歌的编曲下工夫，最终这首歌被收录于专辑《每个人心中都有一个羽泉》并作为主打歌曲。\n不弃不离歌词 \n还记得我们共同约定还记得我们共同呼吸那么的温柔 那么近的距离我们抱得很紧说好永远都不会放弃你还记得我们一起散步淋著雨就算有冷空气 我会把你抱紧不想让你受一点委屈不弃不离 永远在一起简单的话 还是那一句我爱你不弃不离 一辈子在一起从此我们相偎相依还记得我们共同约定还记得我们共同呼吸那么的温柔 那么近的距离我们抱得很紧说好永远都不会放弃你还记得我们一起散步淋著雨就算有冷空气 我会把你抱紧不想让你受一点委屈不弃不离 永远在一起简单的话 还是那一句我爱你不弃不离 一辈子在一起从此我们相偎相依不弃不离 永远在一起简单的话 还是那一句我爱你不弃不离 一辈子在一起从此我们相偎相依从此我们相偎相依\n不弃不离歌曲鉴赏\n\n请问羽泉的歌曲《不弃不离》是哪个专辑里的？", - "你好，Human。羽泉的歌曲《不弃不离》收录于他们的第七张专辑《每个人心中都有一个羽泉》。这张专辑于2012年3月发行。歌曲既动人又充满力量，受到了广泛的赞誉。" + "羽泉的歌曲《不弃不离》收录于他们的第七张专辑《每个人心中都有一个羽泉》。这张专辑于2012年3月发行。歌曲既动人又充满力量，受到了广泛的赞誉。" ], [ "这首歌的词曲作者以及赞誉情况是怎样的？", @@ -247958,7 +247958,7 @@ "history": [ [ "明堂\n《明堂》是韩国Jupiter Film出品的剧情片，由朴熙坤执导，曹承佑、池晟、金成钧主演，于2018年9月19日在韩国上映\n。该片主要讲述了一个能改变命运的天才相师朴载相和充满野心想成为王的人们，为了争夺一块风水宝地，展开一系列权欲斗争的故事\n。\n中文名\n明堂\n外文名\n명당、FENGSHUI\n出品时间\n2017年\n出品公司\nJupiter Film\n发行公司\nM-Line Distribution\n制片地区\n韩国\n拍摄地点\n韩国\n导 演\n朴熙坤\n类 型\n剧情、历史\n主 演\n曹承佑、池晟、金成钧\n片 长\n126分钟\n上映时间\n2018年9月19日\n电影分级\n12岁以上可观看\n对白语言\n韩语\n色 彩\n彩色\n \n明堂剧情简介 \n能够运用土地的气息帮人改变命运的天才风水师朴载相，为了阻止想要利用明堂支配国家的壮洞金氏一族的行径，不幸失去了家人。13年后，一个没落的王族兴宣出现在了一心想要复仇的朴载相面前，兴宣提议一起联手击退壮洞金氏的势力。朴载相和兴宣两个人一拍即合，逐渐接近金左根父子。然而在行动中他们听说有一块可以诞生两个王的风水宝地，朴载相和兴宣二人开始有了不同的想法\n。\n明堂演职员表 \n明堂演员表\n \n \n曹承佑 饰 朴载相\n \n \n池晟 饰 李昰应\n后封为兴宣大院君\n \n \n金成钧 饰 金炳冀\n \n \n文彩元 饰 초선\n \n \n刘在明 饰 具龙植\n \n \n朴忠善 饰 郑万仁\n白润植 饰 金左根\n \n \n李源根 饰 朝鲜宪宗\n \n \n姜泰伍 饰 원경\n \n \n太仁镐 饰 千喜然\n전신환 饰 河靖一\n赵贤植 饰 张淳奎\n정재헌 饰 安弼周\n金珉载 饰 孝明世子\n孙修雅 饰 南夫人\n李时宇 饰 朝鲜高宗\n明堂职员表\n制作人\n주성호、손정기、고미영、정성훈、이대현、정지은、이재운、임국희、방미정、주필호、김태훈、김두열、김건、조영래、지영화、함근호、류태원、한명훈、윤수환、서선영、나현주、이현학、정영준、이성동、백성욱、강희욱、김구희、정원재、김민식、윤승일、박찬훈、송강현、이영진、이지영、김진선\n导演\n朴熙坤\n副导演（助理）\n염재민、소은호、남가연、김주몽、정석휘、오미향、이동렬\n摄影\n이승주、이진용、신순섭、안병삼、김동현、김동섭、심석우、조재병、변지수、임해준、조정식、김지애、백윤석、이지훈\n配乐\n\n请问电影《明堂》是什么时候上映的？", - "你好，Human！电影《明堂》于2018年9月19日在韩国上映。" + "电影《明堂》于2018年9月19日在韩国上映。" ], [ "谢谢！电影的导演和主要演员有哪些？", @@ -248917,7 +248917,7 @@ "history": [ [ "良渚文化\n良渚文化分布的中心地区在钱塘江流域和太湖流域，而遗址分布最密集的地区则在钱塘江流域的东北部、东部。该文化遗址最大特色是所出土的玉器。挖掘自墓葬中的玉器包含有璧、琮、冠形器、玉镯、柱形玉器和玉钺等诸多器型。此外，良渚陶器也相当细致。不少学者认为良渚文化可以算得上中国的第一个王朝了，据《韩非子·显学》，虞代延续了一千余年，推测良渚文化便是虞朝的考古学文化。陈剩勇、吕琪昌等强调良渚文化是夏文化的源头。\n良渚文化遗址中心位于浙江省杭州市余杭区西北部瓶窑镇，核心部位于良渚古城，“反山、莫角山、汇观山，11条水坝”均在瓶窑境内。1936年发现的良渚遗址，实际上是余杭县的良渚、瓶窑、安溪三镇之间许多遗址的总称，是长江下游良渚文化的代表性遗址，1959年依照考古惯例按发现地点良渚命名为良渚文化。遗址总面积约34平方公里。良渚遗址是人类早期文化遗址之一，实证中华五千年的新石器时代人类文化史，申遗成功标志着中华五千年新石器时代文化史得到国际社会认可。\n2019年7月6日，中国良渚遗址获准列入世界遗产名录\n。\n中文名\n良渚文化\n外文名\nArchaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City\n别 名\n良渚文明\n距 今\n5300-4300年\n相关古国\n良渚古国\n相关古城\n良渚古城、两城镇遗址、琅琊古城\n文化继承\n巢湖-凌家滩文化、上海马桥文化\n社会文化形态\n城邦文化\n相关民族\n古越族\n相关墓葬\n反山王陵、巢皇陵（待发掘）\n君主世系\n天皇氏------有巢氏（前期）\n地理位置\n太湖流域（钱塘江水系）\n年代推断依据\n三皇五帝年表\n存在时间\n公元前3300年----公元前2300年\n存在时间参考\n三皇五帝年表\n君主世系来源\n三皇五帝年表\n所处文化层\n良渚文化时期\n \n良渚文化考察发掘 \n良渚文化时期稻作农业已相当进步。稻谷有籼、粳稻之分，并普遍使用石犁、石镰。良渚文化手工业也有很高的成就，玉石制作、制陶、木作、竹器编织、丝麻纺织都达到较高水平。尤其是琢制的玉器，其数量之多、品种之丰富、雕琢之精美，均达到史前玉器的高峰。玉器上的纹饰主题神人兽面纹，是良渚先民“天人合一”观念的体现和信仰，并逐步成为中国传统文化的核心。玉器和陶器上还出现了不少刻划符号，这些符号在形体上已接近商周时期的文字，是良渚文化进入文明时代的重要标志。\n良渚文化文化命名\n\n你好，请问良渚文化的分布中心在哪里？", - "你好，Human。良渚文化的分布中心地区在钱塘江流域和太湖流域，遗址分布最密集的地区则在钱塘江流域的东北部、东部。这个地区的地理位置有助于形成了这个独特的文化，因为它位于太湖流域和钱塘江流域，水资源丰富，利于农业和经济的发展。" + "良渚文化的分布中心地区在钱塘江流域和太湖流域，遗址分布最密集的地区则在钱塘江流域的东北部、东部。这个地区的地理位置有助于形成了这个独特的文化，因为它位于太湖流域和钱塘江流域，水资源丰富，利于农业和经济的发展。" ], [ "良渚文化遗址的最大特色是什么？", @@ -249096,7 +249096,7 @@ "history": [ [ "肇庆\n肇庆，古称端州，广东省辖地级市，是粤港澳大湾区重要节点城市、广州都市圈城市之一\n、“广佛肇经济圈”、珠江—西江经济带的重要组成部分。\n肇庆市下辖端州区、鼎湖区、高要区，广宁县、德庆县、封开县、怀集县，代管四会市，设肇庆新区、肇庆高新区两个经济功能区，\n辖区总面积约14897.45平方千米，\n2021年末肇庆市常住人口412.97万。\n肇庆背靠祖国大西南，是东南沿海通往西南各省的重要交通枢纽。风光秀丽，旅游资源丰富。肇庆城区的七星岩，素有“岭南第一奇观”的美誉；鼎湖山是国家级自然保护区。以星湖风景区为中心，沿西江、绥江溯江而上，盘龙峡、“天下第一石”、千层峰、广宁竹海大观、燕岩等景点次递展开，构成了千里旅游走廊的绚丽画卷。\n肇庆是国家历史文化名城，广府宜居山水城市。\n从汉代到清代，肇庆多次成为岭南政治、经济和文化中心。肇庆是广府文化发祥地之一\n，粤语的发源地，也是中原文化与岭南文化、西方文化与中国传统文化最早的交汇处。\n隋朝开皇九年（589）置端州；宋政和八年（1118）设肇庆府；明嘉靖四十三年（1564）至清乾隆十一年（1746），肇庆是两广总督府驻地。\n2021年，肇庆市地区生产总值为2649.99亿元，同比增长10.5%。\n中文名\n肇庆\n外文名\nSiuhing，Zhaoqing\n别 名\n端州\n行政区划代码\n441200\n行政区类别\n地级市\n所属地区\n中国广东省\n地理位置\n广东省中西部，珠三角西北部，西江中游\n面 积\n14891 km²\n下辖地区\n3个区、4个县，代管1个县级市\n政府驻地\n端州区城中路49号\n电话区号\n0758\n邮政编码\n526000\n气候条件\n亚热带季风气候\n人口数量\n412.97 万(2021年)\n著名景点\n七星岩、鼎湖山、庆云寺、肇庆古城墙、阅江楼、披云楼\n机 场\n珠三角新干线机场\n火车站\n肇庆站、肇庆东站、肇庆西站、肇庆南站等\n车牌代码\n粤H\n地区生产总值\n2649.99 亿元(2021年)\n \n同义词\n肇庆市一般指肇庆\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n肇庆历史沿革 \n肇庆名称由来\n宋重和元年（1118年），宋徽宗亲赐御书设肇庆府。“肇”作始解，“庆”为吉庆，意即宋徽宗自被封为端王开始，招来继承帝位而统治天下之吉庆。\n肇庆建制沿革\n \n肇庆(9张)\n 先秦时期肇庆属南越。\n\n我看到你刚刚发送了一大段关于肇庆的信息。现在我想了解一下，肇庆的地理位置具体是在哪里？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答关于肇庆的问题。肇庆位于广东省中西部，珠三角西北部，西江中游地段。这里是粤港澳大湾区重要节点城市、广州都市圈城市之一，也是珠江-西江经济带的重要组成部分。" + "很高兴为你解答关于肇庆的问题。肇庆位于广东省中西部，珠三角西北部，西江中游地段。这里是粤港澳大湾区重要节点城市、广州都市圈城市之一，也是珠江-西江经济带的重要组成部分。" ], [ "了解了，那肇庆的气候条件是怎样的呢？", @@ -249264,7 +249264,7 @@ "history": [ [ "李泳\n李泳，博士生导师，男，汉族，理学学士，中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所研究员。\n中文名\n李泳\n性 别\n男\n\n我想了解李泳博士，他的学术成就和专业领域是什么？", - "你好，Human。李泳博士是一位博士生导师，他目前在中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所担任研究员。关于他的学术成就和专业领域，上述信息中并未提供详细的介绍，但根据他的职位和工作单位，我们可以推测他的专业领域可能与山地灾害和环境研究有关。" + "李泳博士是一位博士生导师，他目前在中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所担任研究员。关于他的学术成就和专业领域，上述信息中并未提供详细的介绍，但根据他的职位和工作单位，我们可以推测他的专业领域可能与山地灾害和环境研究有关。" ], [ "能告诉我他在理学方向的研究具体是什么吗？", @@ -249474,7 +249474,7 @@ "history": [ [ "士兵：76游戏《守望先锋》角色\n士兵：76是《守望先锋》游戏中的英雄角色。他装备了一把重型脉冲步枪，可以发射螺旋飞弹，他还是经过专业训练及经过生物改造的战斗人员，拥有强大的机动以及输出能力。\n中文名\n士兵：76（原名：杰克·莫里森）\n外文名\nSOLDIER:76\nJack Morrison\n别 名\n士兵76、76、逃兵76\n配 音\nfred tatasciore（英语）\n、大川透（日语）、刘垚（中文）\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n《守望先锋》\n年 龄\n49岁（此年龄截止至以莫里森的身份“死去”为止，那之后以士兵：76的身份行动的年龄官方设定为“未知”）\n身 高\n185 cm\n体 重\n未知\n三 围\n未知\n隶 属\n前守望先锋（守望先锋领导人）\n类 型\n输出（中距离）\n定 位\n主要输出、后排\n国 籍\n美国\n \n同义词\n士兵76一般指士兵：76\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n士兵：76背景故事 \n“我们现在都是士兵了。”被全球通缉的独行侠“士兵：76”独自一人发动了一场旨在查出守望先锋解散真相的战争。“士兵：76”在全球一系列针对金融机构、秘密集团和守望先锋基地的袭击活动中被曝光。尽管外界至今不清楚他的动机是什么，但有人认为他曾是一位守望先锋特工，决心查出守望先锋垮台的幕后黑手。虽然他的真实身份依旧是个谜，但据信他曾参加过美国的“士兵强化计划”并接受过专业训练。他的身体条件远超一般的士兵，再加上某些方面的强化使他成为了一名顶尖的战斗人员。此外，他还拥有许多从前守望先锋基地窃取的划时代武器。在查出守望先锋垮台的幕后阴谋之前，“士兵：76”不会停下。\n士兵：76能力设定 \n士兵：76属性\n属性数值武器类型重型脉冲步枪血量200载弹量30技能CD“螺旋飞弹”（右键）8s、“生物力场（E）”15s英雄特点拥有传统FPS体验感，输出稳定，拥有小爆发 \n士兵：76技能\n\n我想了解一下士兵76这个游戏角色的背景和技能，可以给我简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human。士兵76，原名杰克·莫里森，是《守望先锋》游戏中的英雄角色。他曾是守望先锋的成员，在组织解散后变成了一名独行侠，通过袭击金融机构、秘密集团和守望先锋基地来揭示守望先锋解散背后的真相。士兵76的能力得益于美国的“士兵强化计划”，他装备了重型脉冲步枪，并能发射螺旋飞弹，具备强大的输出和机动能力。与此同时，他还能使用生物力场（E）技能来恢复生命值。这些技能和设定使他成为了游戏中主要的输出和后排角色。" + "士兵76，原名杰克·莫里森，是《守望先锋》游戏中的英雄角色。他曾是守望先锋的成员，在组织解散后变成了一名独行侠，通过袭击金融机构、秘密集团和守望先锋基地来揭示守望先锋解散背后的真相。士兵76的能力得益于美国的“士兵强化计划”，他装备了重型脉冲步枪，并能发射螺旋飞弹，具备强大的输出和机动能力。与此同时，他还能使用生物力场（E）技能来恢复生命值。这些技能和设定使他成为了游戏中主要的输出和后排角色。" ], [ "他的生化改造表现在哪些方面呢？", @@ -250252,7 +250252,7 @@ "history": [ [ "众筹\n《众筹》是2015年11月中国华侨出版社出版的图书，作者是默德威娜里斯-莫格，本书是大量调查研究和辛勤工作的结晶，也是一本全方位的众筹指南，它涵盖了现今所有不同的众筹类型。\n书 名\n众筹\n作 者\n默德威娜里斯-莫格\n出版社\n中国华侨出版社\nISBN\n9787511356369\n \n众筹内容简介 \n本书是大量调查研究和辛勤工作的结晶，也是一本全方位的众筹指南，它涵盖了现今所有不同的众筹类型。有关众筹的一切问题都可以在本书中找到答案，从如何确保众筹项目成功到如何让你的捐款或投资发挥*的效用，从众筹的发展历史到众筹的前景展望，甚至还包括如何搭建属于你自己的众筹平台。\n众筹图书目录 \n推荐序：乔恩·默顿前言为什么要读这本书？部分：什么是众筹？章 大众及筹资的不同类型第二章 众筹的独特之处在哪里第三章 如何应对持怀疑态度的人第四章 打造你自己的众筹平台第二部分：我要筹钱第五章 大众偏爱的资助对象第六章 众筹是否适合你第七章 如何说服大众给你投资第八章 拿到钱后你该做什么第三部分：我要投资第九章 投资者都是什么人第十章 如何成为众筹投资人第十一章 投资后你该做什么第十二章 众筹的未来附录1． 术语表2． 众筹发展简史3． 众筹平台4． 做好众筹项目的财务管理5． 与众筹相关的重要法律事项6． 企业投资计划和种子企业投资计划7． 延伸阅读、推荐网站以及应关注的众筹领袖8． 其他筹资渠道\n众筹作者简介 \n默德威娜里斯-莫格(Modwenna Rees-Mogg)天使投资人，即对创业者投资挹注的投资者，她是欧洲领先的创投信息网站《天使新闻》（Angel News）的创办者暨执行长，本身也是一位个人投资者，有十余年与投资者和企业家密切合作的经历。出版过《龙，还是天使？》 一书，教导读者认识和分辨适合自己的投资者。\n\n根据这段关于《众筹》一书的信息，我想了解一下这本书的主要内容是什么？", - "你好，Human。这本书《众筹》是一本全方位的众筹指南，涵盖了现今所有不同的众筹类型。它是大量调查研究和辛勤工作的结晶。有关众筹的一切问题都可以在本书中找到答案，从如何确保众筹项目成功到如何让你的捐款或投资发挥最大的效用，从众筹的发展历史到众筹的前景展望，甚至还包括如何搭建属于你自己的众筹平台。" + "这本书《众筹》是一本全方位的众筹指南，涵盖了现今所有不同的众筹类型。它是大量调查研究和辛勤工作的结晶。有关众筹的一切问题都可以在本书中找到答案，从如何确保众筹项目成功到如何让你的捐款或投资发挥最大的效用，从众筹的发展历史到众筹的前景展望，甚至还包括如何搭建属于你自己的众筹平台。" ], [ "能否简要介绍一下作者默德威娜里斯-莫格的背景？", @@ -250534,7 +250534,7 @@ "history": [ [ "孤独的美食家Production I.G改编动画\n日本动画制作公司Production I.G在上线网络视频平台“タテアニメ”，该平台以3分钟的泡面番动画为主。在这个平台的配信动画中，赫然出现了《孤独的美食家》，看来这个作品终于要动画化了，虽然只是泡面番。感觉这个动画不会对原作漫画改变太多，依旧会保持这种治愈的风格。\n中文名\n孤独的美食家\n原版名称\n孤独のグルメ\n类 型\n泡面番\n原作者\n久住昌之\n 《孤独的美食家》是由久住昌之创作、谷口治郎作画，从1994年到1996年在扶桑社《月刊PANJA》杂志上连载的漫画。讲述的是一名个人经营进口杂货商店的男子井之头五郎，在工作间隙前往餐馆当中吃饭的场景的故事。作品中登场的餐馆全部都是实际存在的，其中一个重要的特点就在于基本上都是一些大众化的餐馆，只不过作品中并不是单纯地描述食文化，而是着重表现主人公吃饭的场景以及心理描写。\n\n我刚刚看到有关《孤独的美食家》动画的消息，请问这个作品是什么时候动画化的？", - "你好，Human！《孤独的美食家》这部作品其实没有一个确切的动画化日期，因为它是在日本动画制作公司Production I.G的网络视频平台“タテアニメ”上进行配信的。这个平台以3分钟的泡面番动画为主，专注于短篇动画作品。虽然动画时长较短，但它依旧保持了原作漫画的治愈风格。" + "《孤独的美食家》这部作品其实没有一个确切的动画化日期，因为它是在日本动画制作公司Production I.G的网络视频平台“タテアニメ”上进行配信的。这个平台以3分钟的泡面番动画为主，专注于短篇动画作品。虽然动画时长较短，但它依旧保持了原作漫画的治愈风格。" ], [ "谢谢！原漫画的作者是谁？它在哪个杂志上连载的？", @@ -251274,7 +251274,7 @@ "history": [ [ "湿巾纸个人护理品\n湿巾纸是用来擦拭皮肤的湿润的纸巾。市场上的湿巾纸大致可以分为两类：一类是本身已经被消毒，但不能消毒其他物品，里面含有护肤的成分，只能做皮肤湿润保养的。另一类是不仅本身被消毒，而且对别的物品也可起到消毒作用的消毒湿巾纸，可以用做皮肤擦伤、划伤等的消毒或杀菌。选购湿巾纸的时候一定要看清湿巾纸的功能定位。\n中文名\n湿巾纸\n外文名\nWettowel paper\n类 别\n个人护理品\n功 效\n清洁、消毒、抗菌、保湿\n \n同义词\n湿巾（功能清洁卫生消毒等）一般指湿巾纸\n \n湿巾纸历史发展 \n湿巾纸是用来擦拭皮肤的湿润的纸巾。市场上的湿巾纸大致可以分为两类：一类是本身已经被消毒，但不能消毒其他物品，里面含有护肤的成分，只能做皮肤湿润保养的。另一类是不仅本身被消毒，而且对别的物品也可起到消毒作用的消毒湿巾纸，可以用做皮肤擦伤、划伤等的消毒或杀菌。选购湿巾纸的时候一定要看清湿巾纸的功能定位。根据中国造纸协会生活用纸专业委员会的统计，2010年中国湿巾纸的出口量约为83.2亿片，比2009年增长9.5%。消费量约为124.8亿片，比2009年增长4.9%。市场规模（市场销售额）约为20.0亿元，比2009年增长19.8%\n。中国造纸协会生活用纸专业委员会2010年年底统计在册的湿巾纸生产企业有439家，比上年增加42家，生产商主要分布在浙江、广东、江苏、上海、福建、山东、辽宁、北京等地，但全国性品牌不过，市场集中度较高。有很多企业是给其他国内企业或零售商做贴牌或给国外生产OEM产品。2010年中国造纸协会生活用纸专业委员会统计的湿巾纸品种主要有普通型、婴儿专用、女性专用、卸妆用、其它个人用途及湿擦拭巾6种\n\n你好，请问湿巾纸是一种什么样的产品？有哪些功能？", - "你好，Human。湿巾纸是一种用于擦拭皮肤的湿润纸巾。它们可以分为两类：一类是本身经过消毒，但不能消毒其他物品，主要含有护肤成分，只能起到保湿作用；另一类则是不仅本身消毒，还可以对其他物品具有消毒作用，可以用于皮肤擦伤或划伤等伤口的消毒或杀菌。购买湿巾纸时，请注意选择对应功能的产品。" + "湿巾纸是一种用于擦拭皮肤的湿润纸巾。它们可以分为两类：一类是本身经过消毒，但不能消毒其他物品，主要含有护肤成分，只能起到保湿作用；另一类则是不仅本身消毒，还可以对其他物品具有消毒作用，可以用于皮肤擦伤或划伤等伤口的消毒或杀菌。购买湿巾纸时，请注意选择对应功能的产品。" ], [ "购买湿巾纸时，我应该注意哪些方面？", @@ -252531,7 +252531,7 @@ "history": [ [ "光2002年宇多田光演唱的歌曲\n《光》是美籍日裔女歌手宇多田光演唱的歌曲，由宇多田光完成词曲。该曲作为宇多田光第10张单曲EP的同名主打曲，于2002年3月20日通过日本百代唱片发行\n。2003年5月21日，该曲获得第21届JASRAC奖“外国作品奖”\n。\n中文名\n光\n外文名\n光\n所属专辑\nDEEP RIVER\n歌曲时长\n0时5分2秒\n歌曲原唱\n宇多田光\n填 词\n宇多田光\n谱 曲\n宇多田光\n编 曲\n河野圭、宇多田光\n音乐风格\n日本流行乐\n歌曲语言\n日语\n发行时间\n2002年3月20日\n导 演\n纪里谷和明\n \n \n光创作背景 \n《光》是宇多田光出道以来的第十支单曲，为此宇多田光以自己的本名“光”来命名该曲，成为她首度以汉字命名歌曲\n。宇多田光完成该曲的作词及作曲，并在创作完成后对该曲十分满意，想要用一生去珍惜该曲。该曲由宇多田光、三宅彰和宇多田光的父亲宇多田照实制作。制作过程中，该曲的编曲者河野圭完成键盘部分，常见和秀完成合成器部分，秋山浩德完成原声吉他部分，并于日本东京都涩谷区的Bunkamura录音室由宇贺神正明和保土田刚分别完成歌曲的录制和混音\n。\n光歌曲歌词 \n日文歌词中文歌词どんな时だつて たった一人で运命忘れて 生きてきたのに突然の光の中 目が觉める真夜中に静かに出口に立って 暗暗に光を击て今时约束なんて 不安にさせるだけかな愿いを口にしたいだけさ 家族にも绍介するよきっとうまくいくよ どんな时だってずっと二人で どんな时だって 侧にいるから君という光が私を见つける真夜中にうるさい通りに入って 运命の假命をとれ先読みのし过ぎなんて 意味の无いことは 止めて今日はおいしい物を 食べようよ未来はずっと先だよ 仆にも分からない完成させないで もっと良くしてワンシ─ンづつ撮つて いけばいいから君という光が私のシナリオ 映し出すもっと话そうよ 目前の明日の事もテレピ消して 私の事だけを见てうてよどんなに良くったって 信じきれないねそんな时だって 侧にいるから君という光が私を见つける真夜中に\n\n请问宇多田光的歌曲《光》是在哪一年发行的？", - "你好，Human! 宇多田光的歌曲《光》是在2002年3月20日发行的。这首歌后来成为了宇多田光的经典之作。" + "宇多田光的歌曲《光》是在2002年3月20日发行的。这首歌后来成为了宇多田光的经典之作。" ], [ "能告诉我一下这首歌的背景故事吗？", @@ -252853,7 +252853,7 @@ "history": [ [ "州长联邦制国家中第一级行政区的行政长官\n州长是联邦制国家中第一级行政区的行政长官，负责统筹州内的行政事宜。\n中文名\n州长\n外文名\nGovernor of a State\n含 义\n联邦制国家中第一级行政区\n负 责\n统筹州内的行政事宜\n性 质\n作为一个政治单位\n \n州长州长简介 \n1、[governor] 作为一个政治单位(如殖民地、州或省)的统治者、行政首脑或名义上的领袖而被选举或被任命的官员——亦称“总督”、“省长”。2、《周礼·地官司徒》谓乡以下为州，每州设州长一人，中大夫。《周礼》只说行政区依次为乡、州、党、族、闾、比，五家为比，未言乡有几州，州有几党。古籍相传，以五比为闾，四闾 为族，五族为党，五党为州，五州为乡，是乡有一万二千五百家，州有二千五百家。3、北周附会《周礼》所载古制，以王畿百里以内地区为乡。每乡有乡大夫，乡下为州，有州长，上士、正三命。4、中国地方民族自治州（介于省、县之间）政府行政长官。5、美国州长，地方一级行政长官。1.《周礼》官名。一州之长。 2.指古九州之方伯。 3.后世借指郡守。\n州长美国州长 \n根据美国宪法，除了美国联邦政府的权力之外，其余权力均留给各个州。因此，美国的州长的权力相对来说较大。此外，美国的州长全部均由民选产生。美国州长英语称为“governor”。除五十个州的州长外，美国五个属地的行政长官也称为“governor”，中文通常译作“总督”。男性州长的妻子被称为“州长夫人”。历史上，美国属地未建州时，总督也由总统任命，但现存五个属地（波多黎各、美属维尔京群岛、东萨摩亚、北马里亚纳群岛、关岛）的总督与州长一样由民选产生，他们也是美国州长协会 (National Governors Association) 的会员。美国唯一没有“governor”的地区是首都华盛顿，其行政长官是市长。州长选举的结果反映出美国政治版图发生变化的某些迹象，新州长一般会实行更符合本党理念和利益的政策，也会为两年之后的总统大选创造有利条件，所以美国两党都全力争取赢得州长的选举 。\n\n根据提供的信息，能否告诉我州长在联邦制国家中的职责？", - "你好，Human。在联邦制国家中，州长作为第一级行政区的行政长官，负责统筹和管理州内的行政事宜。这意味着州长需要负责确保州内的政府运转顺利，并有效地应对州内各种领域的问题。这包括财政、教育、基础设施建设、公共安全等方面的管理和决策。" + "在联邦制国家中，州长作为第一级行政区的行政长官，负责统筹和管理州内的行政事宜。这意味着州长需要负责确保州内的政府运转顺利，并有效地应对州内各种领域的问题。这包括财政、教育、基础设施建设、公共安全等方面的管理和决策。" ], [ "美国州长是如何产生的？权力大吗？", @@ -254391,7 +254391,7 @@ "history": [ [ "极限跑酷敏捷类游戏\n《极限跑酷》是一款按游戏玩法分类，游戏大小为4911K。\n中文名\n极限跑酷\n游戏类型\n敏捷小游戏\n游戏大小\n4911K\n如何开始\n游戏加载完后即可开始游戏\n \n极限跑酷背景设定 \n非常好的一款跑酷题材的运动游戏，非常流畅，可以做出许多专业的动作，可别小看她哦，她的身手可是非常不错的，可以说是飞檐走壁。\n极限跑酷操作指南 \n \n游戏截图(4张)\n 使用键盘方向键控制人物移动，按S键进行跳，使用S键配合方向键进行各种酷跑动作，空格键暂停游戏。计时器，位于游戏页面左上角，显示玩家游戏用时。上面数字表示过关最多用时，下面数字表示玩家当前用时。道具说明，位于游戏页面右上角，显示玩家吃到的道具数。分母表示总道具数，分子表示玩家当前吃到的道具数。\n极限跑酷游戏目标 \n使用跑酷技术突破所有障碍成功收集所有的道具。\n\n请问极限跑酷游戏的玩法和背景设定是什么？", - "你好，Human！《极限跑酷》是一款敏捷类的游戏，大小为4911K。游戏背景设定为一款非常出色的跑酷题材运动游戏，具备非常流畅的操作感，并能执行许多专业动作。游戏的主角身手非常不错，可以说是飞檐走壁。游戏的目标是使用跑酷技术突破所有障碍，成功收集所有道具。" + "《极限跑酷》是一款敏捷类的游戏，大小为4911K。游戏背景设定为一款非常出色的跑酷题材运动游戏，具备非常流畅的操作感，并能执行许多专业动作。游戏的主角身手非常不错，可以说是飞檐走壁。游戏的目标是使用跑酷技术突破所有障碍，成功收集所有道具。" ], [ "这个游戏如何操作？", @@ -256061,7 +256061,7 @@ "history": [ [ "稻草人学而思大语文分级阅读·稻草人\n《学而思大语文分级阅读·稻草人》的作者是叶圣陶，适用于第二学段（小学3-4年级）。\n“学而思大语文分级阅读”系列是适合6-12岁孩子成长的中文分级阅读书籍，基于语文课程标准，让孩子“在合适的年龄，用合适的方法，读合适的书”。\n书 名\n学而思大语文分级阅读·稻草人\n作 者\n叶圣陶\n出版社\n石油工业出版社\n出版时间\n2020年4月\n页 数\n208 页\n定 价\n34.80 元\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787518338719\n \n稻草人内容简介 \n本书是一部童话集，以其中最著名的童话《稻草人》为书名。为了展示出叶圣陶的童话风格，我们精选了28 篇叶圣陶所创作的精品童话，用童话的形式让现代的孩子了解20世纪中国人民的生活境况。\n稻草人图书目录 \n小白船燕子一粒种子地球芳儿的梦新的表旅行家富翁鲤鱼的遇险眼泪画眉玫瑰和金鱼花园之外祥哥的胡琴瞎子和聋子快乐的人稻草人古代英雄的石像含羞草熊夫人的幼稚园慈儿牧羊儿聪明的野牛梧桐子跛乞丐书的夜话蚕儿和蚂蚁鸟言兽语\n稻草人作者简介 \n叶圣陶（1894~1988），中国著名作家、教育家、文学出版家和社会活动家，有“优秀的语言艺术家”之称。\n\n请问，《学而思大语文分级阅读·稻草人》是什么类型的书？适合什么年龄的孩子阅读呢？", - "你好，Human。《学而思大语文分级阅读·稻草人》是一部童话集，适合6-12岁的孩子阅读。这个系列的书基于语文课程标准，让孩子们能够在适合自己年龄阶段的同时，通过合适的阅读方法阅读合适的书籍。本书特别适用于第二学段，即小学3-4年级的孩子阅读。" + "《学而思大语文分级阅读·稻草人》是一部童话集，适合6-12岁的孩子阅读。这个系列的书基于语文课程标准，让孩子们能够在适合自己年龄阶段的同时，通过合适的阅读方法阅读合适的书籍。本书特别适用于第二学段，即小学3-4年级的孩子阅读。" ], [ "作者是谁？他有什么成就？", @@ -256971,7 +256971,7 @@ "history": [ [ "洗发露\n洗发露又称洗发液或洗发精、洗发香波，是应用头发和头皮基础护理化妆用品。一般采用硫酸脂肪醇的洗发露。洗发露有多种分类，适合干性发质的、适合油性发质的、适合混合型发质的。洗发液用于清洁头发和头皮，同时为整理头发造型做基础，柔顺营养、防止分岔。\n中文名\n洗发露\n外文名\nShampoo\n别 名\n洗发液或洗发精、洗发香波\n类 别\n头发和头皮基础护理化妆用品\n功 效\n清洁头发和头皮\n适合发质分类\n中性、干性、油性均可\n \n洗发露简介 \n三乙醇胺与氢氧化胺的混合盐、十二酸异丙醇酰胺、甲醛、聚氧乙烯、羊毛脂、香料、色料和水作为原料。主要功能是清洁头发和头皮，同时为头发的整理造型打下基础，气味好、去头屑功能、焗油功能、染发功能、防止脱发、柔顺营养、防止分岔。\n洗发露产品认识 \n洗发露洗发露的功能\n洗发露中含有多种成分，这些成份的综合作用能起到清洁头皮和头发的功能。通常洗发露中最能起作用的成份是表面活性剂，即表面活性成分”的简称表面活性剂起着清洁头发和头皮的作用，当洗发液与水混在一起时能产生泡沫。不过泡沫的多少并不能反映出清洁能力的强弱。\n洗发露洗发露分类\n丝质均衡洗发露中性发质营养、保护洗发露混合发质深层保护洗发露干性发质深层去污洗发露油性深层修复烫发受损发质\n洗发露选用 \n油性头皮干性发质洗发露可去除头发上较多的油脂，并释放少量的发露，使头发不致 过于下垂。可以选择迪彩活力去屑洗发露，控油效果很好，而且比较适合头皮油发质干的人群有头屑干枯发质经常有头皮屑的应经常换洗发水用，选择去屑比较好用的洗发水干性受损发质，包括用化学处理过的头发,这类洗发露性质比较温和，它既有通常的清洁作用，又有更强的 护发作用， 因此比其他种类的洗发露更能滋润头发。细心护理受 过化学损伤/干性的发质非常重要，所以选择适合的洗发露最为重要。用于改善头皮状况的护理用洗发露去屑洗发露是护理用洗发露。这类洗发露的基本成分和上一种洗发露相同，洗发露中加入了针对去除头皮屑的特殊成分。用于发廊中美发的洗发露清洁类的洗发露。这类洗发露没有护发成分，通常在发廊中，用于染色、电烫前。它能清除灰尘，消除环境污染的影响，并能去除做发时的油性残留物质，同时不释放任何护发因子，使头发在做发前保持绝对干净。\n洗发露使用注意\n\n请问洗发露的主要成分是什么？", - "你好，Human！洗发露的主要成分包括表面活性剂（例如硫酸脂肪醇盐）、三乙醇胺与氢氧化胺的混合盐、十二酸异丙醇酰胺、甲醛、聚氧乙烯、羊毛脂、香料、色料和水。表面活性剂起着清洁头发和头皮的作用，可以去除油脂和污垢，而其他成分可以提供滋润、柔顺、防止脱发、防止分岔等功能。" + "洗发露的主要成分包括表面活性剂（例如硫酸脂肪醇盐）、三乙醇胺与氢氧化胺的混合盐、十二酸异丙醇酰胺、甲醛、聚氧乙烯、羊毛脂、香料、色料和水。表面活性剂起着清洁头发和头皮的作用，可以去除油脂和污垢，而其他成分可以提供滋润、柔顺、防止脱发、防止分岔等功能。" ], [ "洗发露有哪些分类呢？", @@ -257264,7 +257264,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国家网球中心\n国家网球中心，是为北京2008奥运会兴建的专业网球场馆，是世界顶级网球场馆之一。该中心位于北京奥林匹克森林公园，北临北五环路，东临奥林西路，西临林萃路；占地面积16.68公顷，拥有30片（座）国际标准比赛场地；其中室外场地17片，室内场地12片（其中包括两片符合国际赛事标准的红土场）和1座屋顶可开启的钻石球场。国家网球中心的钻石球馆、气膜室内馆与莲花、映月等场馆原有区域形成了一个全新的场馆集群。整个场馆比赛区域可以同时容纳观众近30000人，加上训练场地设置的驻足观赛区域，整个场馆集群的硬件设施和功能配置已达到承接大满贯赛事的标准，为“中网“赛事未来迈进“第五大满贯”提供了保障。国家网球中心将成为中国网球的象征、是亚洲网坛的中心，是北京体育文化事业建设的地标，是首都在国际上的一张新的城市名片。2022年4月30日，据国家网球中心消息，当前北京市新冠肺炎疫情防控工作形势复杂严峻，为避免培训聚集可能产生的疫情传播风险，根据北京市及朝阳区新冠肺炎疫情防控工作要求，国家网球中心暂停网球、羽毛球线下培训活动。\n中文名\n中国国家网球中心\n外文名\nNational Tennis Center\n地 址\n北京\n投用时间\n2007年7月\n占地面积\n16.68 公顷\n建筑面积\n76514 m²\n场馆数量\n30个\n \n国家网球中心中心介绍 \n国家网球中心场馆规模\n\n你好，请问国家网球中心是为了哪个奥运会兴建的？", - "你好，Human！国家网球中心是为了北京2008年奥运会兴建的专业网球场馆。这个世界顶级的网球场馆位于北京奥林匹克森林公园，为2008年奥运会的网球项目提供了高品质的场地。" + "国家网球中心是为了北京2008年奥运会兴建的专业网球场馆。这个世界顶级的网球场馆位于北京奥林匹克森林公园，为2008年奥运会的网球项目提供了高品质的场地。" ], [ "国家网球中心占地面积有多大？共有多少个比赛场地？", @@ -258318,7 +258318,7 @@ "history": [ [ "隽永\n隽永，是一个汉语词语，拼音是juàn yǒng，形容艺术形式所表达的思想感情深沉幽远，意味深长，引人入胜，犹如余音绕梁，三日不绝，讲究言有尽而意无穷；也常用来表述艺术性较高的作品的审美效果。\n中文名\n隽 永\n拼 音\njuàn yǒng\n外文名\nmeaningful\n注 音\njuàn yǒng\n释 义\n意味深长 引人入胜\n 引证释义1、隽永的意思〔言辞诗文或其他事物〕意味深长 引人入胜　通论战国时说士权变，亦自序其说，凡八十一首，号曰《隽永》。——《汉书·蒯通传》语颇隽永，耐人寻味。如：隽永篇章2、艺术风格的一种例句：站立了一个世纪后，这座百年老站再次迎着关注的目光，翘首企盼属于自己的新发端：以武汉铁路陈列馆的名义，将当年的繁华身影定格成隽永的历史纪念。3、食物甘美有回味宋 张世南《游宦纪闻》卷九：“橄榄，闽蜀俱有之。闽中丁香一品，极小，隽永，其味胜于蜀产。”郭沫若《苏联纪行·六月廿日》：“大使馆是租住的，陈设相当堂皇。喝一盏盖碗的中国茶，特别感觉着隽永。”4、书名《汉书·蒯通传》：“ 通论战国时说士权变，亦自序其说，凡八十一首，号曰《隽永》”。5、指深长之意味金 麻革 《阻雪华下》诗：“爱山久成癖，得山真隽永。”元 萨都剌 《经姑苏与张天雨杨廉夫郑明德陈敬初同游虎丘山次东坡旧题韵》：“香积饷醍醐，法喜得隽永。”清朝 黄虞稷《行状》：“先生於书，四部六籍靡不综举，摽新领异，务归隽永。”咟喥咟萪\n\n请问隽永这个词语是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。隽永是一个汉语词语，形容艺术形式所表达的思想感情深沉幽远，意味深长，引人入胜，讲究言有尽而意无穷。它通常用来表述那些艺术性较高的作品的审美效果。因此，当我们说一个作品隽永时，意味着它具有深刻的意义和很高的艺术价值。" + "隽永是一个汉语词语，形容艺术形式所表达的思想感情深沉幽远，意味深长，引人入胜，讲究言有尽而意无穷。它通常用来表述那些艺术性较高的作品的审美效果。因此，当我们说一个作品隽永时，意味着它具有深刻的意义和很高的艺术价值。" ], [ "那么隽永一词还可以用在其他方面吗？", @@ -258563,7 +258563,7 @@ "history": [ [ "数据流程图描述系统数据流程的工具\n数据流程图（Data Flow Diagram，DFD/Data Flow Chart）， 是一种描述系统数据流程的主要工具，它用一组符号来描述整个系统中信息的全貌，综合地反映出信息在系统中的流动、处理和存储情况。数据流程图有两个特征: 抽象性和概括性。抽象性指的是数据流程图把具体的组织机构、工作场所、物质流都去掉，只剩下信息和数据存储、流动、使用以及加工情况。概括性则是指数据流程图把系统对各种业务的处理过程联系起来考虑，形成一个总体。\n中文名\n数据流程图\n外文名\nData Flow Diagram，DFD/Data Flow Chart\n描 述\n系统数据流程的工具\n抽 象\n数据独立抽象\n方 式\n图形方式\n利 用\n符号\n \n数据流程图产品简介 \n为了描述复杂的软件系统的信息流向和加工，可采用分层的DFD来描述，分层DFD有顶层，中间层、底层之分。（1）顶层。决定系统的范围，决定输入输出数据流，它说明系统的边界，把整个系统的功能抽象为一个加工，顶层DFD只有一张。（2）中间层。顶层之下是若干中间层，某一中间层既是它上一层加工的分解结果，又是它下一层若干加工的抽象，即它又可进一步分解。（3）底层。若一张DFD的加工不能进一步分解，这张DFD就是底层的了。底层DFD的加工是由基本加工构成的，所谓基本加工是指不能再进行分解的加工。\n数据流程图基本成分\n\n请问能给我简单介绍一下数据流程图吗？", - "你好，Human！数据流程图（Data Flow Diagram，DFD/Data Flow Chart）是一种描述系统数据流程的主要工具。它使用一组符号来展示整个系统中信息的全貌，包括信息的流动、处理和存储情况。数据流程图具有抽象性和概括性。抽象性是指去掉具体的组织结构、工作场所及物质流，只保留信息和数据的存储、流动、使用以及加工情况。概括性是指数据流程图把系统对各种业务处理过程联系起来考虑，形成一个整体。" + "数据流程图（Data Flow Diagram，DFD/Data Flow Chart）是一种描述系统数据流程的主要工具。它使用一组符号来展示整个系统中信息的全貌，包括信息的流动、处理和存储情况。数据流程图具有抽象性和概括性。抽象性是指去掉具体的组织结构、工作场所及物质流，只保留信息和数据的存储、流动、使用以及加工情况。概括性是指数据流程图把系统对各种业务处理过程联系起来考虑，形成一个整体。" ], [ "了解了，那么数据流程图是如何进行分层的呢？", @@ -259097,7 +259097,7 @@ "history": [ [ "第一次世界大战\n第一次世界大战（英语：World War I\n、First World War或Great War，简称WWI或WW1，1914年7月28日－1918年11月11日\n），简称“一战”，是在20世纪初资本主义国家向其终极阶段，即帝国主义过渡时产生的广泛的不可调和矛盾；亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲、大洋洲的殖民地和半殖民地基本上被列强瓜分完毕；新旧殖民主义矛盾激化、各帝国主义经济发展不平衡，秩序划分不对等的背景下，为重新瓜分世界和争夺全球霸权而爆发的一场世界级帝国主义战争。\n战争过程主要是同盟国和协约国之间的战斗。德意志帝国、奥匈帝国、奥斯曼帝国、保加利亚王国属于同盟国阵营；大英帝国、法兰西第三共和国、俄罗斯帝国、意大利王国、美利坚合众国、塞尔维亚王国、比利时王国、罗马尼亚王国和希腊王国等则属于协约国阵营。\n战场主要在欧洲，分为西线和东线战场。非洲、亚洲部分地区也受到波及。战争始于1914年7月奥匈帝国向塞尔维亚宣战，以1918年11月德国投降作为结束标志\n。第一次世界大战是欧洲历史上破坏性最强的战争之一，给人类带来了深重灾难。参战国家达33个，投入军队超过7000万人，15亿人被卷入战争，有1000多万人丧生，2000万人受伤。战争造成的经济损失达2700亿美元\n。但在客观上促进了科学技术的发展。在第一次世界大战中，各种新式武器，如飞机、毒气、坦克、远程大炮相继投入战争，是武器发展史的重要阶段。\n名 称\n第一次世界大战(英语：World War I)\n发生时间\n1914年7月28日 至 1918年11月11日\n地 点\n欧洲、太平洋、中东、地中海与非洲、亚洲部分地区\n参战方\n同盟国、协约国\n结 果\n英国、法国为首的协约国获胜\n参战方兵力\n约6500万人\n伤亡情况\n协约国总士兵阵亡：5497600人\n同盟国总士兵阵亡：3382500人\n交战双方受伤总数：约1000万人\n平民死亡总数：6493000人\n主要指挥官\n威廉二世、弗朗茨·约瑟夫一世、穆罕默德五世、斐迪南一世、乔治五世、雷蒙·普恩加莱、尼古拉二世、维克托·伊曼纽尔三世、伍德罗·威尔逊、彼得一世、阿尔贝一世、斐迪南一世、康斯坦丁一世\n同盟国\n德意志帝国、奥匈帝国、奥斯曼帝国、保加利亚王国\n协约国\n大英帝国、法兰西第三共和国、俄罗斯帝国、意大利王国、美利坚合众国、塞尔维亚王国、比利时王国、罗马尼亚王国、希腊王国、中华民国、大日本帝国 等\n导火线\n\n你好，请问一下，什么是第一次世界大战？", - "你好，Human！第一次世界大战（简称一战）发生于1914年7月28日至1918年11月11日，是一场资本主义国家在帝国主义时期为争夺全球霸权而爆发的世界级战争。在这场战争中，主要战场在欧洲，分为西线和东线。战争双方主要包括同盟国（德意志帝国、奥匈帝国、奥斯曼帝国和保加利亚王国）和协约国（大英帝国、法兰西第三共和国、俄罗斯帝国、意大利王国等）。这场战争是欧洲史上最具破坏性的战争之一，共有33个国家参战，有超过7000万人投入军队，约千万人丧生。虽然战争造成了巨大的人类灾难，但在客观上也促进了科学技术的发展。" + "第一次世界大战（简称一战）发生于1914年7月28日至1918年11月11日，是一场资本主义国家在帝国主义时期为争夺全球霸权而爆发的世界级战争。在这场战争中，主要战场在欧洲，分为西线和东线。战争双方主要包括同盟国（德意志帝国、奥匈帝国、奥斯曼帝国和保加利亚王国）和协约国（大英帝国、法兰西第三共和国、俄罗斯帝国、意大利王国等）。这场战争是欧洲史上最具破坏性的战争之一，共有33个国家参战，有超过7000万人投入军队，约千万人丧生。虽然战争造成了巨大的人类灾难，但在客观上也促进了科学技术的发展。" ], [ "我明白了。那么请问一下，第一次世界大战的导火线是什么？", @@ -259666,7 +259666,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乌克兰\n乌克兰（乌克兰语：Україна，英语：Ukraine），首都基辅，位于欧洲东部，黑海、亚速海北岸。北邻白俄罗斯，东北接俄罗斯，西连波兰、斯洛伐克、匈牙利，南同罗马尼亚、摩尔多瓦毗邻。大部属温带大陆性气候，地势北高南低，总面积603700平方千米，是欧洲国土面积第二大国家，截至2021年6月，乌克兰总人口为4141万人（不含克里米亚地区）。\n旧石器时代早期，乌克兰现疆域内就存在古代人类活动的痕迹。“乌克兰”一词最早见于1187年的《罗斯史记》，意为“边陲之地”。1240年，蒙古帝国远征军占领基辅。之后蒙古金帐汗国、立陶宛大公国和波兰先后统治乌克兰。1654年，乌克兰哥萨克首领赫梅利尼茨基与俄罗斯沙皇签订《佩列亚斯拉夫合约》，乌俄正式合并。1922年，加入苏联（西部乌克兰1939年加入）。1990年7月16日，乌克兰最高苏维埃通过《乌克兰国家主权宣言》。1991年8月24日，乌克兰宣布独立。\n乌克兰属发展中国家，农业生产水平较高，工业特别是制造业发展相对滞后。乌克兰是世界第五大IT服务出口国，也是中东欧最大的软件开发编程和IT外包服务市场。2019年，乌克兰国内生产总值为1535亿美元。\n中文名\n乌克兰\n外文名\nУкраїна(乌克兰语)\nUkraine(英语)\n所属洲\n欧洲\n首 都\n基辅\n主要城市\n哈尔科夫，文尼察，敖德萨，顿涅茨克，利沃夫等\n国庆日\n1991年8月24日\n国 歌\n《乌克兰仍在人间》\n国家代码\nUKR\n官方语言\n乌克兰语\n货 币\n格里夫纳\n时 区\nUTC+2\n政治体制\n半总统共和制\n国家领袖\n弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基(总统)\n、杰尼斯·什米加尔(总理)\n人口数量\n4141 万(2021年6月，不含克里米亚地区)\n人口密度\n75.5 人/平方公里(2020年)\n主要民族\n乌克兰人、俄罗斯人\n主要宗教\n东正教\n国土面积\n603700 km²\n水域率\n7%\nGDP总计\n1535 亿美元(2019年)\n人均GDP\n3701 美元(2019年)\n国际电话区号\n380\n国际域名缩写\n.ua\n道路通行\n靠右驾驶\n主要学府\n基辅国立大学、基辅国际民航大学等\n国家结构\n单一制\n中央银行\n乌克兰国家银行\n重要河流\n第聂伯河、德涅斯特河\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n核弹实力\n我在乌克兰看到了核弹发射井！\n2022-03-30 11:04\n也许世界是否和平我们还尚且不能掌控，但平静的太阳总会每天升起。...详情\n\n你好，请问乌克兰的首都是哪里？", - "你好，Human！乌克兰的首都是基辅。这个城市位于乌克兰北部，是这个国家的政治、经济、文化和教育中心。" + "乌克兰的首都是基辅。这个城市位于乌克兰北部，是这个国家的政治、经济、文化和教育中心。" ], [ "乌克兰的地理位置如何？", @@ -260180,7 +260180,7 @@ "history": [ [ "解离\n解离jiělí[dissociation] 抗原抗体复合物的分开为游离抗原和抗体\n中文名\n解离\n外文名\ndissociation\n意 义\n抗原抗体复合物的分开\n性 质\n游离抗原和抗体\n公布时间\n2008年\n见载刊物\n《生物化学与分子生物学名词》 科学出版社\n 生物实验中经常用到解离是指化合物或分子在溶剂中释放出离子的过程。解离的程度可以用解离度K来表示。通常来说，解离是吸热反应。生活中的解离：在药代动力学中，简单扩散的限制因素是物质的脂溶性、分子大小和带电性。一般说来, 气体分子（如O2、CO2、N2）、小的不带电的极性分子（如尿素、乙醇）、脂溶性的分子等易通过质膜，大的不带电的极性分子（如葡萄糖）和各种带电的极性分子都难以通过质膜。多数药物为弱酸性或弱碱性药物，在体内会解离而影响吸收，弱酸性药物在酸性环境下解离少，非解离型多，易通过生物膜，弱碱性药物相反。\n\n你好，请问解离在生物实验中具体指什么？", - "你好，Human！解离在生物实验中指的是化合物或者分子在溶剂中释放出离子的过程。这种过程通常是一个吸热反应。解离的程度可以用解离度K来表示。希望这样能解答你的疑问。" + "解离在生物实验中指的是化合物或者分子在溶剂中释放出离子的过程。这种过程通常是一个吸热反应。解离的程度可以用解离度K来表示。希望这样能解答你的疑问。" ], [ "解离在药代动力学中起到什么作用？", @@ -261484,7 +261484,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哈利梅林英国演员\n哈利梅林（Harry Melling）是一名英国演员，在《哈利·波特与死亡圣器》中饰演“达利表哥”。\n中文名\n哈利梅林\n外文名\nHarry Melling\n国 籍\n英国\n职 业\n演员\n代表作品\n《哈利·波特与死亡圣器》\n 近来也将推出新作，现身宣传活动时让众人为之惊艳，外型从16年前的小胖子蜕变为成熟的帅气男人，引起热议。哈利也多次在英国多家剧院演出舞台剧，甚至远赴纽约百老汇，演出自己编剧的独角戏《Peddling》，被问到会不会羡慕或忌妒丹尼尔·雷德克里夫（Daniel Radcliffe）、艾玛·沃森（Emma Watson）知名度远大于自己，他笑说不会如此，反而很享受自己的“匿名状态”，“我很高兴他们正在做想做的事，但我不会去跟他们比较，因为是不同的状态，毕竟我不是3个主角之一，所以不在那个位子也不意外。”\n\n请问哈利梅林在哪部哈利波特电影中出演了达利表哥？", - "你好，Human！哈利梅林在《哈利·波特与死亡圣器》中饰演了达利表哥。这部电影是哈利波特系列的最后一部作品，所以他在其中的表现也很引人关注。如果你有其他关于哈利梅林的问题，欢迎随时向我提问！" + "哈利梅林在《哈利·波特与死亡圣器》中饰演了达利表哥。这部电影是哈利波特系列的最后一部作品，所以他在其中的表现也很引人关注。如果你有其他关于哈利梅林的问题，欢迎随时向我提问！" ], [ "这个演员近来有什么新作品吗？", @@ -262088,7 +262088,7 @@ "history": [ [ "月见草\n月见草是日本动漫《DARKER THAN BLACK 黑之契约者》《DARKER THAN BLACK 流星之双子》系列中设定的虚构组织。神秘组织，由契约者组成，以amber为首，宣称自己的目标是让契约者为世人所知，谋求契约者应有的未来之路，进行多起活动，被官方认为是恐怖分子。第一季中策划了“东京大爆炸”的作战。于此役后，有生力量折损殆尽。在黑之契约者外传中，雨雾率领部份残党驻扎于东南亚某地，在伊邪那美的力量下全军覆灭。\n中文名\n月見草\n外文名\nEvening Prim Rose\n简 称\nEPR\n登场作品\n《黑之契约者》\n 月见草琥珀领导的契约者同盟团体，以争取契约者的权利为宗旨，致力于获取契约者的公开化、人权保障和利益扩大等权利，对抗组织的阴谋。为了破坏土星环计划的实施，策划了东京大爆炸，最后阶段更发动上千名契约者，在市内同军队交战。于此役后有生力量折损殆尽。不过，一部份残党在雨雾率领下驻扎于东南亚某地，最后在伊邪那美的力量下全军覆灭。\n\n请问月见草是什么？", - "你好，Human。月见草是日本动漫《DARKER THAN BLACK 黑之契约者》与《DARKER THAN BLACK 流星之双子》系列中的一个虚构组织。该组织以琥珀为首，成员主要为契约者。月见草宣称其目标是让契约者为世人所知，寻求契约者应有的未来之路。因进行多起活动，月见草被官方认为是恐怖分子。在第一季中，月见草策划了“东京大爆炸”的作战。" + "月见草是日本动漫《DARKER THAN BLACK 黑之契约者》与《DARKER THAN BLACK 流星之双子》系列中的一个虚构组织。该组织以琥珀为首，成员主要为契约者。月见草宣称其目标是让契约者为世人所知，寻求契约者应有的未来之路。因进行多起活动，月见草被官方认为是恐怖分子。在第一季中，月见草策划了“东京大爆炸”的作战。" ], [ "月见草的主要目标是什么？", @@ -262524,7 +262524,7 @@ "history": [ [ "回头率\n回头率，简而言之，就是指人们回头的频率。具体地讲就是人们在行进中。迎面而来的人虽然已经从身边走过，却仍然要回过头来再看看。回头率并不是指同一观察者回头的频率，而是指不同的观察者对同一观察对象回头的频率。\n中文名\n回头率\n外文名\nrate of second glance\n性 质\n名词\n定 义\n指人们回头的频率\n 1、通常指有多少人会回头看一下，通常是指女性漂亮，走在马路上回头看的人特别多。2、指路人回头看某人或某景的数量，漂亮的女性或外国人、外民族人、残疾人等特殊、不常见的类的人通常回头率比较高；3、俗称违法犯罪人员复犯率。4、美女回头率通常较高。回头率是一个很有意思的概念，是因为它反映了某种社会现象，反映了不同人们的内在文化、心理和生理上的差异。咟喥咟萪\n\n请问在社会交往中，我们如何理解“回头率”这个概念？", - "你好，Human！“回头率”是一个反映人们回头观察某对象的频率的概念。这个概念可以让我们了解到不同观察者对同一观察对象产生的兴趣程度。在日常生活中，漂亮的女性、外国人、外民族人等特殊或不常见的人可能会引起较高的回头率。这种现象通常反映了不同人们的内在文化、心理和生理上的差异。" + "“回头率”是一个反映人们回头观察某对象的频率的概念。这个概念可以让我们了解到不同观察者对同一观察对象产生的兴趣程度。在日常生活中，漂亮的女性、外国人、外民族人等特殊或不常见的人可能会引起较高的回头率。这种现象通常反映了不同人们的内在文化、心理和生理上的差异。" ], [ "有什么实际方法可以有效地降低回头率吗？", @@ -262944,7 +262944,7 @@ "history": [ [ "数字地球数字化的地球\n“数字地球”就是数字化的地球，是一个地球的数字模型，它是利用数字技术和方法将地球及其上的活动和环境的时空变化数据,按地球的坐标加以整理，存入全球分布的计算机中，构成一个全球的数字模型，在高速网络上进行快速流通，这样就可以使人们快速、直观完整地了解我们所在的这颗星球。“数字地球”将最大限度地为人类的可持续发展和社会进步以及国民经济建设提供高质量的服务。\n中文名\n数字地球\n外文名\nThe digital earth\n性 质\n地球虚拟系统\n提出时间\n1998年1月\n提出人\n美国副总统戈尔\n提出地点\n加利福尼亚科学中心\n \n数字地球简介 \n数字地球，是美国副总统戈尔于1998年1月在加利福尼亚科学中心开幕典礼上发表的题为 “数字地球：认识二十一世纪我们所居住的星球” 演说时，提出的一个与GIS、网络、虚拟现实等高新技术密切相关的概念。在戈尔的文章内，他将数字地球看成是“对地球的三维多分辨率表示、它能够放入大量的地理数据”。在接下来对数字地球的直观实例解释中可以发现，戈尔的数字地球学是关于整个地球、全方位的GIS与虚拟现实技术、网络技术相结合的产物。 显然，面对如此一个浩大的工程，任何一个政府组织、企业或学术机构，都是无法独立完成的，它需要成千上万的个人、公司、研究机构和政府组织的共同努力。数字地球要解决的技术问题，包括计算机科学、海量数据存贮、卫星遥感技术、宽带网络、互操作性、元数据等。可以预见，随着地球空间信息学的发展，而建立起的数字地球，必将促进测绘事业的现代化，为测绘事业与整个国民经济建立更加紧密的联系，作出更大的贡献，在未来和知识经济社会中产生巨大的经济效益和社会效益。\n\n我想了解一下数字地球是什么？", - "你好，Human。数字地球是一个地球的数字模型，利用数字技术和方法将地球及其上的活动和环境的时空变化数据按地球的坐标进行整理，存入全球分布的计算机中。它可以通过高速网络实现快速流通，让人们能够快速、直观、完整地了解我们所在的这颗星球。数字地球服务于人类的可持续发展、社会进步以及国民经济建设。" + "数字地球是一个地球的数字模型，利用数字技术和方法将地球及其上的活动和环境的时空变化数据按地球的坐标进行整理，存入全球分布的计算机中。它可以通过高速网络实现快速流通，让人们能够快速、直观、完整地了解我们所在的这颗星球。数字地球服务于人类的可持续发展、社会进步以及国民经济建设。" ], [ "数字地球的概念是谁提出的？", @@ -263428,7 +263428,7 @@ "history": [ [ "还珠格格1998-2003年《还珠格格》系列电视剧\n中文名\n还珠格格\n外文名\nPrincess Pearl、还珠姬\n别 名\nMy fair Princess\n类 型\n爱情、古装、喜剧、剧情\n出品公司\n台湾怡人传播有限公司、湖南电视台\n制片地区\n中国大陆、中国台湾\n拍摄地点\n北京电影制片厂、恭王府、承德避暑山庄等\n发行公司\n怡人传播有限公司\n首播时间\n1998年4月28日\n导 演\n孙树培、李平、丁仰国\n编 剧\n琼瑶\n制片人\n何琇琼\n主 演\n林心如、苏有朋、周杰、张铁林、范冰冰、黄奕、马伊琍、古巨基、王艳、狄龙、黄晓明、秦岚、蒋勤勤、刘涛、陈志朋、刘丹、牟凤彬\n集 数\n第一部：24集、第二部：48集、第三部：40集\n每集长度\n45 分钟\n主要奖项\n第17届中国电视金鹰奖最佳连续剧\n在线播放平台\n乐视视频、搜狐视频、爱奇艺、PP视频、土豆网、优酷网\n出品时间\n第一部：1998年、第二部：1999年、第三部：2003年\n语 种\n普通话、香港粤语\n字 幕\n中文繁体字、中文简化字\n原 著\n琼瑶\n \n基本信息\n还珠格格剧情简介\n\n你好，请问你了解《还珠格格》这部电视剧吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解《还珠格格》这部电视剧。它是一部1998-2003年在中国大陆和中国台湾制作的古装爱情喜剧剧情电视剧。这部剧由台湾怡人传播有限公司与湖南电视台出品，主要拍摄地点在北京电影制片厂、恭王府和承德避暑山庄等地。导演有孙树培、李平和丁仰国，编剧是著名的台湾作家琼瑶。如果你对《还珠格格》有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" + "我了解《还珠格格》这部电视剧。它是一部1998-2003年在中国大陆和中国台湾制作的古装爱情喜剧剧情电视剧。这部剧由台湾怡人传播有限公司与湖南电视台出品，主要拍摄地点在北京电影制片厂、恭王府和承德避暑山庄等地。导演有孙树培、李平和丁仰国，编剧是著名的台湾作家琼瑶。如果你对《还珠格格》有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "《还珠格格》都有哪些主要演员呢？", @@ -263573,7 +263573,7 @@ "history": [ [ "网页制作\n《网页制作》是2006年出版的图书，作者是韩陵宜。\n书 名\n网页制作\n作 者\n韩陵宜\n出版时间\n200年6月08日\n定 价\n28 元\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n978-7-312-01942-5\n \n网页制作图书详细信息 \n作者：韩陵宜（主编）ISBN:978-7-312-01942-5定价:28.00元版本:1装帧:平装出版年月:200608丛书名称：高职计算机类系列教材\n网页制作内容简介 \n本教材系统介绍了网页编辑与制作软件Dreamweaver MX 2004，采用以任务驱动的案例课程教学，每一章都有精心设计的教学案例，既保持了课程教学的体系结构，又使读者通过教学案例轻松掌握网页制作的操作技能和基本理论，学会网站设计的全过程，熟练地制作出具有专业水平的网站。本教材为适合高职院校学会僧的特点，将教学内容分为基础部分（第1-7章）和提高部分（第8-17章）两部分，通过基础篇的学习，读者可以轻松掌握网页制作的基本理论、基本方法，制作出一般水平的网页；通过提高篇的学习，读者可以深入网页制作的理论与技巧，掌握具有专业水准的网页制作的方法、技能，并为今后进一步学习动态网站设计奠定基础。\n网页制作图书前言\n\n这本名为《网页制作》的书是关于什么的？", - "你好，Human！《网页制作》这本书主要是关于网页编辑与制作软件Dreamweaver MX 2004的教程。它采用任务驱动的案例课程教学方法，通过精心设计的教学案例，帮助读者轻松地掌握网页制作的操作技能和基本理论。通过学习这本书，读者将了解网站设计的全过程，并能熟练地制作出具有专业水平的网站。" + "《网页制作》这本书主要是关于网页编辑与制作软件Dreamweaver MX 2004的教程。它采用任务驱动的案例课程教学方法，通过精心设计的教学案例，帮助读者轻松地掌握网页制作的操作技能和基本理论。通过学习这本书，读者将了解网站设计的全过程，并能熟练地制作出具有专业水平的网站。" ], [ "这本书的作者是谁？出版时间是什么时候？", @@ -263832,7 +263832,7 @@ "history": [ [ "外孙女\n外孙女，与外孙（子）对应，指女儿的女儿，在民法、婚姻家庭法和行政法中均属近亲属的范畴，在刑法中则不属。\n中文名\n外孙女\n外文名\ngranddaughter\n拼 音\nwài sūn nǚ\n同义称谓\n外孙女儿\n对称称谓\n外祖父母\n关联称谓\n外孙，外甥\n \n外孙女解释 \n外孙女指女儿出嫁后所生的女儿，在民法、婚姻家庭法和行政法中均属近亲属的范畴，在刑法中则不属。\n外孙女示例 \n《晋书》卷21《志第十一·礼下》：外出自先臣故尚书左丞孔胄之外曾孙，先臣故侍中、关内侯夷之外孙女，年十七。\n《红楼梦》第二回：“那天约二更时，只见封肃方回来，欢天喜地。众人忙问端的。他乃说道：‘……我一一将原故回明，那太爷倒伤感叹息了一回，又问外孙女儿，我说看灯丢了。太爷说：“不妨，我自使番役务必探访回来。”说了一回话，临走倒送了我二两银子。’”路遥《平凡的世界》第十三章：“徐国强笑了，疼爱地看着他这个风风火火的外孙女，说：‘娃娃过生日是盼长大哩！老年人过一个生日，就向坟墓走近一步……’”\n\n请解释一下什么是外孙女？", - "你好，Human。外孙女是指女儿出嫁后所生的女儿。在民法、婚姻家庭法和行政法中，外孙女属于近亲属的范畴。但在刑法中，外孙女不属于近亲属范畴。这个称谓反映了中国传统家庭结构的一种亲属关系。" + "外孙女是指女儿出嫁后所生的女儿。在民法、婚姻家庭法和行政法中，外孙女属于近亲属的范畴。但在刑法中，外孙女不属于近亲属范畴。这个称谓反映了中国传统家庭结构的一种亲属关系。" ], [ "谢谢解释。那外孙女的外文名称是什么？", @@ -264939,7 +264939,7 @@ "history": [ [ "告白动漫《罪恶王冠》 ED2\n日本歌曲名，动漫《罪恶王冠》 ED2，收录在《告白/ 仆らのあしあと》专辑中。\n中文名\n告白\n外文名\n告白（こうはく）\n所属专辑\n《告白/僕らのあしあと》 \n歌曲时长\n5:26\n发行时间\n2012-3-7\n歌曲原唱\nsupercell\n填 词\nryo\n谱 曲\nryo\n编 曲\nryo\n音乐风格\nJ-POP\n歌曲语言\n日语\n \n告白歌词 \n告白日文歌词\n\n请问动漫《罪恶王冠》的第二季片尾曲是什么？", - "你好，Human。动漫《罪恶王冠》的第二季片尾曲叫作《告白》。这首歌是由日本乐队supercell演唱的，歌曲是的编曲、谱曲以及填词均由ryo负责。它属于J-POP音乐风格，歌曲的语言为日语。请问还有其他问题吗？" + "动漫《罪恶王冠》的第二季片尾曲叫作《告白》。这首歌是由日本乐队supercell演唱的，歌曲是的编曲、谱曲以及填词均由ryo负责。它属于J-POP音乐风格，歌曲的语言为日语。请问还有其他问题吗？" ], [ "请告诉我《告白》这首歌所属的专辑和发行时间。", @@ -265488,7 +265488,7 @@ "history": [ [ "心经陈奕迅版心经\n《心经》是由郭家铭作词、作曲，香港男歌手陈奕迅演唱的一首粤语歌曲。收录于2005年07月01日发行的专辑《佛陀的爱》中。\n中文名\n心经\n所属专辑\n《佛陀的爱》\n歌曲时长\n04分24秒\n歌曲原唱\n陈奕迅\n填 词\n郭家铭\n谱 曲\n郭家铭\n歌曲语言\n粤语\n发行时间\n2005年07月01日\n 歌曲歌词观自在菩萨行僧般若罗蜜多时照见五蕴皆空度一切苦厄舍利子色不异空 空不异色色即是空 空即是色受想行识 亦复如是舍利子 是诸法空相不生不灭不垢不净不增不减是故空中无色无受想行识无眼耳鼻舌身意无色声香味触法无眼界乃至无意识界无无明 亦无无明尽乃至无老死 亦无老死尽无苦集灭道 无智亦无得无所得故菩提萨埵 依般若波罗蜜多 故心无挂碍无挂碍故无有恐怖远离颠倒梦想究竟涅槃 三世诸佛依般若波罗蜜多故得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提故知般若波罗蜜多是大神咒是大明咒是无上咒是无等等咒能除一切苦 真实不虚故说般若波罗蜜多咒即说咒曰揭谛揭谛 波罗揭谛波罗僧揭谛 菩提萨婆诃揭谛揭谛 波罗揭谛波罗僧揭谛 菩提萨婆诃揭谛揭谛 波罗揭谛波罗僧揭谛 菩提萨婆诃\n\n你好，请问这首歌《心经》是谁创作的？", - "你好，Human。《心经》这首歌的作词作曲都是由郭家铭完成的。歌曲由香港男歌手陈奕迅演唱，收录在2005年07月01日发行的专辑《佛陀的爱》中。经典的歌词和旋律使这首歌备受喜爱。" + "《心经》这首歌的作词作曲都是由郭家铭完成的。歌曲由香港男歌手陈奕迅演唱，收录在2005年07月01日发行的专辑《佛陀的爱》中。经典的歌词和旋律使这首歌备受喜爱。" ], [ "这首歌的歌词有什么特别之处？", @@ -266054,7 +266054,7 @@ { "instruction": "光谷广场\n光谷广场（Optics Valley Square）是中国湖北省武汉市境内的交通广场，位于珞瑜发展轴的珞瑜组团中部，倚立“中国·光谷”入口处，是主城区与东湖国家自主创新示范区联系的重要节点和通道。光谷广场于2000年8月动工建设；12月基本完工；2014年12月28日，新光谷广场开工建设\n；2017年8月25日主体结构封顶\n。2019年9月1日，主体结构正式完工。\n光谷广场总建筑面积16万平方米，主体为直径200米的圆形\n。\n中文名\n光谷广场\n外文名\nOptics Valley Square\n始建日期\n2000年8月\n所属区域\n中国湖北省武汉市\n类 型\n交通广场\n建筑面积\n16万平方米\n管理机构\n武汉市公安局交通管理局\n \n同义词\n鲁巷广场一般指光谷广场\n \n光谷广场历史沿革 \n旧光谷广场（鲁巷广场） \n光谷广场旧景(7张)\n 光谷广场始建于20世纪80年代末90年代初\n，武汉市决定建立东湖开发区，用水泥台子围起一圈绿地修建一个简陋的转盘，为光谷广场的雏形，时称鲁巷转盘\n。2000年8月，鲁巷广场动工建设。12月，鲁巷广场基本完工\n，因位于光谷而更名为光谷广场\n。新光谷广场2014年12月28日，新光谷广场开工建设\n。2015年6月29日，新光谷广场转盘打围方案发布\n。2016年3月18日，新光谷广场初具规模\n。5月12日，新光谷广场开始爆破拆除\n。2017年8月25日，新光谷广场主体结构封顶\n。2019年4月19日，新光谷广场地下二层的珞喻路通道建成通车\n。7月8日晚，新光谷广场七色“星河”雕塑正式亮灯\n。9月1日，光谷广场综合体主体结构正式完工。\n光谷广场区位环境 \n光谷广场位于中国湖北省武汉市，西南为虎泉街，西北至正东走向为珞喻路，南为民族大道，北为鲁磨路，东南为步行街南路（光谷街）\n；西北距卓刀泉立交4.4千米，南距南湖1.9千米，北距光谷大桥3.0千米\n。\n光谷广场构造规模 \n光谷广场设计参数\n截至2018年5月，光谷广场总建筑面积16万平方米，主体为直径200米的圆形，最大开挖深度34米，土方开挖量达180万立方米\n；截至2019年4月，双向六车道，设计车速60千米/小时\n。“星河”雕塑最高处达13层楼高，直径90米，单拱最大跨度36米\n。光谷广场综合体地下一层有45米宽的圆环形人行通道，通道近2万平方米，最少能满足每小时24万人次穿行\n。\n光谷广场整体布局\n\n请问光谷广场在哪个城市？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。光谷广场位于中国湖北省武汉市。这是一个重要的交通广场，位于珞瑜发展轴的珞瑜组团中部，靠近“中国·光谷”的入口处。", + "output": "光谷广场位于中国湖北省武汉市。这是一个重要的交通广场，位于珞瑜发展轴的珞瑜组团中部，靠近“中国·光谷”的入口处。", "history": [] }, { @@ -266664,7 +266664,7 @@ "history": [ [ "臼杵市\n臼杵市是位于日本大分县东部的一个城市，与大分市位于相同的生活圈。\n中文名\n臼杵市\n国 家\n日本\n地 域\n九州地方\n都道府县\n大分县\n 臼杵市是位于日本大分县东部的一个城市，与大分市位于相同的生活圈。东侧面向臼杵湾，主要是区位于臼杵川河口附近的平原地区；内陆区域的北部为丘陵，南部为约海拔500米的山区。气候绍年均温在15至17度之间，平均降雨量为1,500至1,800公厘之间。“臼杵”的名称被认为源自辖区内臼冢古坟入口处的石甲，由于该石甲外型与“臼”和“杵”相似，因此产生这样的地名。甘肃省敦煌市与大分县臼杵市于1994年9月27日结为友好城市。\n平假名うすきし原名臼杵市罗马拼音Usuki-shi地理位置国家日本地域九州地方都道府县大分县政府编号44206-2邻近行政区大分市、佐伯市、津久见市、丰后大野市相关数据面积291.06 km²人口（2008年10月1日数据）总计42,060象征市树臭橙市花一串红\n\n请问臼杵市在日本的哪个地方？", - "你好，Human！臼杵市位于日本九州地方的大分县东部。它与大分市位于相同的生活圈，临近臼杵湾。因此，它位于九州地方的东部海岸线上。" + "臼杵市位于日本九州地方的大分县东部。它与大分市位于相同的生活圈，临近臼杵湾。因此，它位于九州地方的东部海岸线上。" ], [ "谢谢！那么，能告诉我臼杵市的地理特征吗？", @@ -267029,7 +267029,7 @@ "history": [ [ "发芽糙米\n发芽糙米系指糙米经过发芽至适当芽长的芽体，主要由幼芽和带皮层的胚乳两部分构成。萌发的方法是，将糙米置于足够的水分、适宜的温度、充足的氧气的条件下，吸水膨润，胚芽萌发，突破种皮，长成新的个体。\n发芽糙米的实质是在一定的生理活性化工艺条件下，其所含有的大量酶如淀粉酶、蛋白酶、植酸酶等被激活和释放，并从结合态转化为游离态的酶解过程。发芽糙米富含营养物质，有着各种功效。是糖尿病人的首选食品。发芽糙米，按字面上来说就是发了芽的糙米。糙米的最大特色是含有胚芽，是一颗完整、有生命活力的种子。将糙米在一定温度、湿度下进行培养，待糙米发芽到一定程度时将其干燥，所得到的由幼芽和带糠层的胚乳组成的制品即称为发芽糙米。\n \n发芽糙米实质 \n发芽糙米的实质是在一定的生理活性化工艺条件下，其所含有的大量酶如淀粉酶、蛋白酶、植酸酶等被激活和释放，并从结合态转化为游离态的酶解过程。正是由于这一生理活化过程，发芽糙米的粗纤维外壳被酶解软化，部分蛋白质分解为氨基酸，淀粉转变为糖类，使食物的感官性能和风味得以改善，而且在保留了丰富的维生素（VB1、VB2、VB6、VC、VE）、矿物质（Mg、K、Zn、Fe）、膳食纤维营养成分的同时，更是产生了多种具有促进人体健康和防治疾病的成分，如γ—氨基丁酸、六磷酸肌醇等。所以说，发芽糙米及其制品是一种食用性接近精白米，营养成分大大超过精白米，更具有广泛的功能性疗效的新一代“医食同源”的主食产品。\n发芽糙米历史 \n在唐代，由于经济较有了巨大发展，生活水平的提高使得一些人厌弃吃糙米而开始吃起精白米，结果这些人得了“精米症”，表现为“令人身软，缓人筋也”。当时患 “精米症”的人不在少数。于是有人做了一番试验，给猫、狗喂精米，用精米做马料。过了一段时间发现，“饲小猫、狗，令脚屈不能行。马食之，足重。”猫、狗、马也得了 “精米症”。人们于是在想，长期吃精米的人或动物为什么会“身软”、“筋缓”、“乏力”呢？根源在于营养成分缺失。精米在加工过程中损失米糠及胚芽等部分，只剩胚乳，口味虽好，却舍弃了人体必须的食物纤维、矿物质、维生素等。糙米保存了稻米的米糠和胚芽，含有丰富的维生素 B 和 E 、钾、镁、锌、铁、锰等微量元素，还保留了大量膳食纤维。糙米再经过发芽的步骤后，内部营养素也跟着提升：酶被激活、释放的多酶系，产生新的营养成分，同时口感也会变软变好。\n发芽糙米所含营养\n\n请问发芽糙米是什么？", - "你好，Human。发芽糙米是指糙米经过一定的培养过程，使其发芽至适当芽长，主要由幼芽和带皮层的胚乳两部分构成。将糙米置于足够的水分、适宜的温度、充足的氧气的条件下，糙米吸水膨润，胚芽萌发，突破种皮，长成新的个体。发芽糙米在发芽过程中，粗纤维外壳被酶解软化，部分蛋白质分解为氨基酸，淀粉转变为糖类，增加了食物的感官性能和风味。发芽糙米富含维生素、矿物质和膳食纤维等营养成分，可促进人体健康和防治疾病。" + "发芽糙米是指糙米经过一定的培养过程，使其发芽至适当芽长，主要由幼芽和带皮层的胚乳两部分构成。将糙米置于足够的水分、适宜的温度、充足的氧气的条件下，糙米吸水膨润，胚芽萌发，突破种皮，长成新的个体。发芽糙米在发芽过程中，粗纤维外壳被酶解软化，部分蛋白质分解为氨基酸，淀粉转变为糖类，增加了食物的感官性能和风味。发芽糙米富含维生素、矿物质和膳食纤维等营养成分，可促进人体健康和防治疾病。" ], [ "发芽糙米的营养成分和功效是什么？", @@ -267616,7 +267616,7 @@ "history": [ [ "搀扶\n搀扶，汉语词汇，拼音是chān fú，释义是指用手轻轻架着对方的胳膊或手，出处是《古今小说·陈从善梅岭失浑家》。\n中文名\n搀扶\n外文名\nsupport\n读 音\nchān fú\n词 义\n用手轻轻架着对方的胳膊或手\n同义词\n扶持\n \n搀扶解释 \n词义：用手轻轻架着对方的胳膊或手基本解释[support sb. with one’s hand;help by the arm] 牵挽架扶。搀扶不及,一头栽倒。\n本身意思是用手扶着别人的胳膊，以免别人滑到。例如：她搀扶一位老奶奶过马路。引申意义就是相互帮助，相互支持。例如：小公司要靠大公司的搀扶，才能够正常运转。引证解释指牵挽扶持。\n搀扶出处 \n《古今小说·陈从善梅岭失浑家》：“罗童越耍风，叫走不动！王吉搀扶着行。”清·吴敬梓《儒林外史》第三四回：杜少卿叫两个小厮搀扶著，做个十分有病的模样。《红楼梦．第一七、一八回》：这里诸人好容易将贾母、王夫人安慰解劝，搀扶出园去了。\n清·曹雪芹《红楼梦》第九十五回：宝玉听了，总不言语，只是傻笑。贾母便携了宝玉起身，袭人等搀扶出园。清·曹雪芹《红楼梦》第九七回：“两人搀扶着黛玉到屋里来。”魏巍《东方》第四部第十九章：“轻伤员互相搀扶着，在激流中转移。”\n\n能告诉我搀扶这个词汇的意思和用法吗？", - "你好，Human！搀扶这个词汇的意思是用手轻轻架着对方的胳膊或手，以支持或帮助对方。例如，你可以说：“她搀扶着老奶奶过马路。”此外，它还有引申意义，表示相互帮助、支持，如：“小公司要靠大公司的搀扶，才能够正常运转。”" + "搀扶这个词汇的意思是用手轻轻架着对方的胳膊或手，以支持或帮助对方。例如，你可以说：“她搀扶着老奶奶过马路。”此外，它还有引申意义，表示相互帮助、支持，如：“小公司要靠大公司的搀扶，才能够正常运转。”" ], [ "搀扶这个词在文学作品中有哪些出处？", @@ -267688,11 +267688,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的介绍。你帮了我很大的忙。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！能为你解答问题，我感到非常高兴。如果你有其他问题或者需要帮助，请随时向我提问，我会尽力为你提供详细的答案和解释。祝你生活愉快！", + "output": "不客气！能为你解答问题，我感到非常高兴。如果你有其他问题或者需要帮助，请随时向我提问，我会尽力为你提供详细的答案和解释。祝你生活愉快！", "history": [ [ "忻州市第一中学校山西省忻州市的公立省示范高中\n忻州市第一中学，简称忻州一中，是山西省首批重点中学之一。现址坐落在忻州市和平东街。建校以来，不断改革创新，构建“主体教育”模式，教育思想超前，师资队伍优秀，教学设施精良，学校特色鲜明，教学质量领先，赢得社会比较广泛的赞誉。\n中文名\n忻州市第一中学\n外文名\nXinzhou No.1 Middle School\n简 称\n忻州一中\n创办时间\n1902年\n办学性质\n公立省示范高中\n校 训\n勤慎敏爱\n校 歌\n勤慎敏爱\n地 址\n忻州市忻府区和平街8号\n主要奖项\n全国百强中学\n省级新课程实验基地学校\n山西省示范高中\n全国课改先进学校\n全国绿色学校先进集体\n知名校友\n张衡宇、田波、董边、张挺、霍士廉\n现任校长\n陈汉明\n所属地区\n山西省忻州市\n主要院系\n无\n \n同义词\n忻州一中（忻州一中）一般指忻州市第一中学校\n \n忻州市第一中学校学校历史 \n忻州市第一中学学校历史悠久，溯源于清乾隆四十年（1775）的忻州秀容书院，校史始于清光绪二十八年（1902）的忻州新兴中学堂，现址坐落在忻州市和平东中街8号。\n忻州市第一中学校硬件设施 \n \n忻州市第一中学校(36张)\n 校园占地面积为240亩，建筑面积近106350平方米。为适应新世纪现代化教学的需要，各项设施均按国家一级学校标准建设，拥有现代化的理、化、生实验设备，宽敞明亮的开架图书阅览大厅，占尽科技先端的大、中、小型多功能报告厅，先进的多媒体教学网络，大型的体育场馆，完善的后勤服务系统。为全面提高学生的现代素质奠定了坚实的物质基础。主要建筑有教研办公楼、教学楼、实验室、二课活动楼、后勤办公楼、多媒体综合科技楼、学生宿舍楼、教职工宿舍楼、礼堂兼饭厅等。教学设施齐全，有理、化、生实验室和电教室、语音室、微机室、图书馆及400米跑道运动场地。图书馆总藏书量6万册。1995年，忻州一中实现了“三机”（电视机、收录机、投影仪）进教室；1996年实现了理、化、生实验的力、热、光、电、有机、无机、解剖、显微机科实验。整个学校建筑合理，装饰典雅，风格别致；环境绿化、美化，形成了良好的育人氛围。2013年学校实现全部教室安装电子白板系统，提高了教育的信息化。\n \n \n \n \n教学楼图册\n \n忻州市第一中学校(36张)\n\n你好，请问忻州市第一中学是什么时候创建的？", - "你好，Human！忻州市第一中学的校史始于清光绪二十八年（1902年）的忻州新兴中学堂，也就是说，忻州市第一中学成立于1902年。这所学校有着丰富的历史底蕴，经过多年的发展变革，现如今已经成为一所知名且具有强大教育实力的学校。" + "忻州市第一中学的校史始于清光绪二十八年（1902年）的忻州新兴中学堂，也就是说，忻州市第一中学成立于1902年。这所学校有着丰富的历史底蕴，经过多年的发展变革，现如今已经成为一所知名且具有强大教育实力的学校。" ], [ "请告诉我这所学校的校训和校歌吧。", @@ -267849,7 +267849,7 @@ "history": [ [ "一颦一笑\n一颦一笑，汉语成语，拼音是yī pín yī xiào，意思指忧和喜的表情。出自 《韩非子·内储上》。\n中文名\n一颦一笑\n拼 音\nyī pín yī xiào\n外文名\nevery frown and every smile\n出 处\n《韩非子·内储说左上》\n注 音\nㄧ ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄧ ㄒㄧㄠˋ\n近义词\n喜怒哀乐、一笑一颦\n \n一颦一笑成语注释 \n颦：皱眉。\n一颦一笑成语出处 \n《韩非子·内储上》：“吾闻明主之爱，一颦一笑，颦有为颦，而笑有为笑。”\n一颦一笑成语用法 \n作主语、宾语、定语；指人的表情。示例金门玉堂临水居，一颦一笑千万余。（南朝梁·萧统《龙笛曲》）\n\n请问“一颦一笑”是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。一颦一笑是一个汉语成语，拼音是 yī pín yī xiào。它意味着忧虑和喜悦的表情。颦字指皱眉，而笑则是指微笑。这一成语突出了人类在不同情感状态下，特别是在忧虑和喜悦时的面部表情的变化。" + "一颦一笑是一个汉语成语，拼音是 yī pín yī xiào。它意味着忧虑和喜悦的表情。颦字指皱眉，而笑则是指微笑。这一成语突出了人类在不同情感状态下，特别是在忧虑和喜悦时的面部表情的变化。" ], [ "这个成语有什么出处吗？", @@ -267979,7 +267979,7 @@ "history": [ [ "弹指一挥间\n《弹指一挥间》是糖糖乐团演唱的歌曲，收录于《我在找爱我的人》专辑中。\n中文名\n弹指一挥间\n所属专辑\n《我在找爱我的人》\n歌曲原唱\n糖糖乐团\n歌曲语言\n国语\n \n弹指一挥间歌曲歌词 \n弹指一挥间 - 糖糖乐团弹指一挥间 重复十万八千念睁眼和眨眼 改变亿万个瞬间不知有多远 距离未来多遥远也许一光年 穿越天边的天边想多听一遍 你要的永远说过的话别随风走远散落人世间 千里共婵娟再次看见你微笑的脸不管 是片段 是短暂还是够永远 真实的永远在我的心间弹指一挥间 重复十万八千念睁眼和眨眼 改变亿万个瞬间不知有多远 距离未来多遥远也许一光年 穿越天边的天边想多听一遍 你要的永远说过的话别随风走远散落人世间 千里共婵娟再次看见你微笑的脸不管 是片段 是短暂还是够永远 真实的永远在我的心间弹指一挥间睁眼和眨眼不知有多远也许一光年 穿越天边的天边想多听一遍 你要的永远说过的话别随风走远散落人世间 千里共婵娟再次看见你微笑的脸不管 是片段 是短暂还是够永远 真实的永远在我的心间想多听一遍 你要的永远说过的话别随风走远散落人世间 千里共婵娟再次看见你微笑的脸不管 是片段 是短暂还是够永远 真实的永远在我的心间 弹指一挥间\n弹指一挥间歌曲作词 \n词：唐艺心曲：唐嘉悦\n\n你好，请问歌曲《弹指一挥间》是哪个乐团的作品？", - "你好，Human，《弹指一挥间》这首歌曲是糖糖乐团演唱的。它收录在他们的专辑《我在找爱我的人》中。这首歌以其优美的旋律和意境深远的歌词吸引了许多听众。" + "《弹指一挥间》这首歌曲是糖糖乐团演唱的。它收录在他们的专辑《我在找爱我的人》中。这首歌以其优美的旋律和意境深远的歌词吸引了许多听众。" ], [ "能告诉我这首歌的歌词和作词作曲吗？", @@ -268075,7 +268075,7 @@ "history": [ [ "艺术与音乐艺术与音乐\n是上海音乐学院获批的2005年教育部原专业目录以外的新设专业\n中文名\n艺术与音乐\n学 制\n4年\n学 位\n文学学士\n开设院校\n华东地区 上海音乐学院\n \n艺术与音乐艺术与音乐 \n艺术与音乐培养目标\n音乐科技与艺术是我院获批的2005年教育部原专业目录以外的新设专业。音乐科技艺术专业方向是集科技与艺术于一体，侧重音乐传媒科技的交叉性新兴学科，主要培养面向广播影视、传媒网络、音像出版、音乐工程、软件设计等行业和领域从事音乐视频采编制作、技术管理、音乐工程设计、软件研发和音乐音响制作，以及音乐数字化教育技术等方面的专门人才。\n艺术与音乐主要课程\n音乐数字媒体艺术、录音艺术、音乐工程设计、音乐声学、电声学基础、专业计算机基础、计算机编程、高等数学基础、应用作曲与绘谱等。\n艺术与音乐学制\n4年\n艺术与音乐学位\n文学学士\n艺术与音乐所处院校\n开设院校：- 华东地区(1所学校开设该专业) 上海音乐学院浙江传媒学院\n艺术与音乐招生 \n艺术与音乐招生专业名额\n1、音乐学专业（音乐学、音乐教育）2、作曲与作曲技术理论专业3、音乐表演专业[指挥、现代电子键盘、钢琴、声乐（美声、民声）、民乐（二胡、琵琶、板胡、唢呐、笛子、笙、扬琴、柳琴、中阮、筝、古琴）演奏、管弦乐（小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音提琴、长笛、萨克斯管、单簧管、双簧管、小号、长号、圆号、大号、大管、竖琴）演奏]4、专升本另增招专业：吉它、手风琴、爵士萨克斯演奏、打击乐5、学制与名额：专科（脱产、业余）：拟招收名额50名。（1）专科二年制，学历性质大专（脱产）（2）专科三年制，学历性质大专（业余）本科（脱产、业余）：拟招收名额100名。（1）本科四年制，学历性质本科（脱产）（2）本科四年制，学历性质本科（业余）专升本（脱产、业余）：拟招收名额300名。（1）专升本二年制，学历性质本科（脱产）（2）专升本三年制，学历性质本科（业余）\n艺术与音乐报考条件\n1、拥护四项基本原则，热爱祖国，遵纪守法。2、报考专科、本科：具有高中或相当于高中阶段毕业文化程度或同等学历。3、报考专升本：具有国家承认的大学专科毕业文凭者。4、身体健康。\n艺术与音乐报考办法\n\n请问上海音乐学院的艺术与音乐专业是如何培养学生的？", - "你好，Human！上海音乐学院的艺术与音乐专业是一门集科技与艺术于一体的交叉性新兴学科。它主要培养学生在广播影视、传媒网络、音像出版、音乐工程、软件设计等行业和领域从事音乐视频采编制作、技术管理、音乐工程设计、软件研发和音乐音响制作，以及音乐数字化教育技术等方面的专门人才。学生将通过学习音乐数字媒体艺术、录音艺术、音乐工程设计、音乐声学、电声学基础、专业计算机基础、计算机编程、高等数学基础、应用作曲与绘谱等课程，为未来职业生涯做好充分的准备。" + "上海音乐学院的艺术与音乐专业是一门集科技与艺术于一体的交叉性新兴学科。它主要培养学生在广播影视、传媒网络、音像出版、音乐工程、软件设计等行业和领域从事音乐视频采编制作、技术管理、音乐工程设计、软件研发和音乐音响制作，以及音乐数字化教育技术等方面的专门人才。学生将通过学习音乐数字媒体艺术、录音艺术、音乐工程设计、音乐声学、电声学基础、专业计算机基础、计算机编程、高等数学基础、应用作曲与绘谱等课程，为未来职业生涯做好充分的准备。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答！那么这个专业的学制是多少年？毕业后可以获得什么学位呢？", @@ -268770,7 +268770,7 @@ "history": [ [ "消防犬\n《消防犬》是由美国20世纪福克斯发行的111分钟喜剧影片。该片由托德·霍兰德执导，乔什·哈切森、布鲁斯·格林伍德、比尔·努恩等主演，于2007年4月4日在美国上映\n。该片讲述了好莱坞最受宠爱的狗与它的主人因故分开后，成为一家霉运连连的消防站的吉祥物，在它的帮助下，消防队长和12岁的儿子把“斑点狗”变成了全市最优秀的一家消防站\n。\n中文名\n消防犬\n外文名\nFirehouse Dog\n别 名\n我家也有消防狗\n出品时间\n2007年\n出品公司\nNew Regency\n发行公司\n20世纪福克斯\n制片地区\n美国\n导 演\n托德·霍兰德\n编 剧\nClaire-Dee Lim、Mike Werb、Michael Colleary\n类 型\n喜剧\n主 演\n乔什·哈切森、布鲁斯·格林伍德、比尔·努恩\n片 长\n111分钟\n上映时间\n2007年4月4日\n电影分级\nPG\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\n \n基本信息\n \n消防犬剧情简介\n\n请问电影《消防犬》的基本信息是什么？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，电影《消防犬》（英文名：Firehouse Dog）是一部美国喜剧片，2007年上映。片长111分钟，由托德·霍兰德执导，乔什·哈切森、布鲁斯·格林伍德、比尔·努恩等主演。电影分级为PG，对白语言为英语。出品公司是New Regency，发行公司是20世纪福克斯，制片地区为美国。剧本由Claire-Dee Lim、Mike Werb、Michael Colleary编写。希望这些信息能够满足你的需求。" + "根据你提供的信息，电影《消防犬》（英文名：Firehouse Dog）是一部美国喜剧片，2007年上映。片长111分钟，由托德·霍兰德执导，乔什·哈切森、布鲁斯·格林伍德、比尔·努恩等主演。电影分级为PG，对白语言为英语。出品公司是New Regency，发行公司是20世纪福克斯，制片地区为美国。剧本由Claire-Dee Lim、Mike Werb、Michael Colleary编写。希望这些信息能够满足你的需求。" ], [ "电影《消防犬》的剧情是关于什么的呢？", @@ -269736,7 +269736,7 @@ "history": [ [ "指点江山\n《指点江山》是天鸿信息开发、2918网运营的以三国历史事实为游戏背景的网页游戏。2011年7月14日公测。游戏耗时2年倾心制作，无论从画面上还是内容上，都堪称完美之作！无需下载，可直接在网页上体会乱世三国的霸气豪情，让你指点江山，挥斥方遒！\n中文名\n指点江山\n游戏类型\n战争策略\n游戏平台\nPC\n开发商\n天鸿信息\n玩家人数\n大型多人在线\n \n指点江山背景设定 \n滚滚长江东逝水，浪花淘尽英雄。是非成败转头空，青山依旧在，几度夕阳红。白发渔樵江渚上，惯看秋月春风。一壶浊酒喜相逢，古今多少事，都付笑谈中。这是一个战火纷飞，硝烟四起的年代。数年间英雄辈出，各路英雄、金戈铁马、逐鹿天下。这也是一个破旧立新，唯才是用的年代。谁能挥斥方遒、《指点江山》；谁能争霸天下，重写历史，改变世界！乱世期待英雄的出现，这个英雄是你吗！\n指点江山特色系统 \n指点江山擂台系统\n\n我最近在网上看到了一个叫《指点江山》的网页游戏，你可以介绍一下这个游戏吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以介绍给你。《指点江山》是一款由天鸿信息开发、2918网运营的战争策略类型网页游戏。这款游戏以三国历史事实为背景，于2011年7月14日公测。游戏耗时两年倾心制作，画面和内容都相当出色。这款游戏支持大型多人在线游戏，玩家可以通过PC平台玩到这款游戏。\n\n此游戏让你在乱世三国尽情展现霸气豪情，指点江山。这是一个英雄辈出的年代，各路英雄、金戈铁马、逐鹿天下，谁能挥斥方遒，指点江山；谁能争霸天下，重写历史，改变世界？玩家可以在游戏中发挥才能，寻求成为那个英雄。" + "当然可以介绍给你。《指点江山》是一款由天鸿信息开发、2918网运营的战争策略类型网页游戏。这款游戏以三国历史事实为背景，于2011年7月14日公测。游戏耗时两年倾心制作，画面和内容都相当出色。这款游戏支持大型多人在线游戏，玩家可以通过PC平台玩到这款游戏。\n\n此游戏让你在乱世三国尽情展现霸气豪情，指点江山。这是一个英雄辈出的年代，各路英雄、金戈铁马、逐鹿天下，谁能挥斥方遒，指点江山；谁能争霸天下，重写历史，改变世界？玩家可以在游戏中发挥才能，寻求成为那个英雄。" ], [ "指点江山有什么特色系统么？", @@ -269797,7 +269797,7 @@ "history": [ [ "睾丸素\n睾丸素，又称睾酮、睾丸酮、睾甾酮，分子式为C19H28O2，是一种类固醇荷尔蒙，由男性的睾丸或女性的卵巢分泌，肾上腺亦分泌少量睾酮，具有维持肌肉强度及质量、维持骨质密度及强度、提神及提升体能等作用。睾丸素是最初从小鼠睾丸支持细胞增菌培养基中鉴定的一种分泌性糖蛋白，是一种分子量较小的细胞骨架联合蛋白，可通过受体联合蛋白与细胞表面紧密结合。\n中文名\n睾丸素\n外文名\nTestosterone\n别 名\n17β-羟基雄甾-4-烯-3-酮丙酸酯、睾酮、睾丸酮、睾甾酮、睾固酮\n化学式\nC19H28O2\n分子量\n288.42\nCAS登录号\n58-22-0\nEINECS登录号\n200-370-5\n熔 点\n152 至 156 ℃\n沸 点\n432.9 ℃\n水溶性\n不溶\n密 度\n1.048 g/cm³\n外 观\n白色结晶性粉末\n闪 点\n184.7 ℃\n安全性描述\nS53；S45；S24/25；S36/37\n危险性符号\nXn\n危险性描述\nR40\nUN危险货物编号\n2252\nBRN号\n1915399\nPubChem号\n24899970\nRTECS号\nXA3030000\nMDL号\nMFCD00003654\n \n同义词\n睾酮素一般指睾丸素\n \n睾丸素化合物简介 \n睾丸素基本信息\n化学式：C19H28O2分子量：288.42CAS号：58-22-0EINECS号：200-370-5\n睾丸素理化性质\n熔点：152-156℃沸点：432.9℃闪点：184.7℃密度：1.048g/cmlogP：3.47折射率：1.560外观：白色结晶性粉末溶解性：溶于乙醇、乙醚和有机溶剂，不溶于水\n睾丸素分子结构数据\n1、摩尔折射率：83.112、摩尔体积（m/mol）：256.93、等张比容（90.2K）：663.64、表面张力（dyne/cm）：44.45、极化率（10 cm）：32.94\n睾丸素计算化学数据\n1、疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）：无2、氢键供体数量：13、氢键受体数量：24、可旋转化学键数量：05、互变异构体数量：56、拓扑分子极性表面积：37.37、重原子数量：218、表面电荷：09、复杂度：50810、同位素原子数量：011、确定原子立构中心数量：612、不确定原子立构中心数量：013、确定化学键立构中心数量：014、不确定化学键立构中心数量：015、共价键单元数量：1\n睾丸素用途\n\n请问睾丸素是一种什么荷尔蒙？", - "你好，Human！睾丸素，又称睾酮、睾丸酮、睾甾酮，是一种类固醇荷尔蒙。它主要由男性的睾丸和女性的卵巢分泌，肾上腺也分泌少量睾酮。睾丸素有维持肌肉强度和质量、维持骨密度和强度、提神和提升体能等作用。" + "睾丸素，又称睾酮、睾丸酮、睾甾酮，是一种类固醇荷尔蒙。它主要由男性的睾丸和女性的卵巢分泌，肾上腺也分泌少量睾酮。睾丸素有维持肌肉强度和质量、维持骨密度和强度、提神和提升体能等作用。" ], [ "睾丸素的化学式和分子量是多少？", @@ -270045,7 +270045,7 @@ "history": [ [ "冯兵演员\n冯兵，3月11日出生于山东省淄博市，中国内地男演员\n，毕业于北京电影学院表演专业。2018年，参演网剧《我的女友要上天》，饰演捉妖师张猛\n。2019年出演电影《雷霆行动》\n。2019年,参演院线电影《莫尔道嘎》\n。2021年主演律政题材电视剧《完美证据》，一人饰演两角，双胞胎兄弟石毅、邵伟 ；客串出演电视剧《八零九零》饰演吴云\n;同年出演费聿竹、陈宙飞执导的电视剧《双探》\n；参演刑侦题材电视剧《冰雨火》，饰演反派老张 。\n中文名\n冯兵\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n出生地\n山东淄博\n出生日期\n3月11日\n星 座\n双鱼座\n血 型\nAB型\n身 高\n184 cm\n毕业院校\n北京电影学院\n职 业\n演员\n代表作品\n《完美证据》《双探》《大变局之梦回甲午》《丝路英雄·云镝》《我的女友要上天》《绝命枪王》《生死戒毒》等\n性 别\n男\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n冯兵早年经历 \n2001年高中毕业参军入伍，2003年调入北京军区空军政治部文工团，2008年荣获空军优秀演员称号，并屡次在全军文艺比赛中获得殊荣，荣立三等功7次，二等功1次，2014年获得北京电影学院学士学位。\n冯兵演艺经历 \n \n冯兵写真(18张)\n 2015年，联合主演的甲午大变局系列史诗电影《大变局之梦回甲午》\n，冯兵在片中饰演的贵族青年溥远放弃了荣华富贵，毅然选择加入甲午海战。 同年，参演电影《英雄天下》。2016年，与邵峰、尚大庆、张小菲出演，中央电视台元宵晚会小品《康庄趣事》。同年，主演电影《丝路英雄·云镝》\n。2017年，参演綦小卉导演的都市生活轻喜剧《我的早更女友》饰演小王警官。\n \n影视剧照(27张)\n 2018年，参演李南导演的网剧《我的女友要上天》，饰演张猛。\n10月，主演郑凯君导演的电影《绝命枪王》，饰演李南星。\n2019年，主演电影《雷霆行动》\n。2021年，主演律政题材电视剧《完美证据》，一人饰演两角，双胞胎兄弟石毅、邵伟 ；9月9日，出演费聿竹、陈宙飞执导的电视剧《双探》播出\n；参演刑侦题材电视剧《冰雨火》，饰演反派老张 。2022年1月9日，参演的励志体育竞技剧《超越》播出\n；3月6日，参演的悬疑探案剧《猎罪图鉴》播出\n；4月5日，参演的当代军旅剧《特战荣耀》播出，在剧中饰演坤猛\n。\n冯兵主要作品 \n冯兵参演电视剧\n \n \n特战荣耀2022-4-5\n饰演坤猛\n导演徐纪周\n主演杨洋、李一桐\n \n \n猎罪图鉴2022-3-6\n\n你好，请问你了解中国演员冯兵吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解中国演员冯兵。他出生于山东省淄博市，生日为每年的3月11日。他毕业于北京电影学院表演专业，参演过多部影视作品。如果你有关于冯兵的问题，请随时告诉我。" + "我了解中国演员冯兵。他出生于山东省淄博市，生日为每年的3月11日。他毕业于北京电影学院表演专业，参演过多部影视作品。如果你有关于冯兵的问题，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "冯兵的身高、血型、民族和星座分别是什么？", @@ -271273,7 +271273,7 @@ "history": [ [ "围追堵截\n《围追堵截》是于2012上映的国产电视剧，讲述了中共建立和巩固东北根据地的故事。\n中文名\n围追堵截\n制片地区\n中国大陆\n首播时间\n2012年\n语 言\n汉语普通话\n \n围追堵截剧情简介 \n1945年9月，中共派林华率近两千人的中共高、中领导干部团，从山西兴县出发徒步奔赴东北，建立和巩固东北根据地。为了阻止和破坏中共这一行动部署，东北行政长官杜聿明接到蒋介石的密电，要对我中央干部团进行围追堵截和秘密暗杀行动。杜聿明与国民党新军第34军军长黄复光、军统特务秦勉密谋，启用潜入我党多年的代号为“雪狐”的特务，企图将中共干部团消灭在赴东北的途中。但敌人的阴谋一次次被粉碎。中共干部团进驻东北后，国民党特务纠集了大批土匪在北满地区又掀起了“剿灭共党”的暗杀行动。中共利用“河口事件”，派周铁打入由国民党操纵的最有实力的土匪老巢。在苏联红军的支持和帮助下，“刀疤人”周铁以特使的身份，将制造暴乱的信徒们一网打尽。在三江口边，周铁击毙了“雪狐”于洛娃，活捉了企图越境的老牌女特务尹虹。\n围追堵截基本信息 \n【类 型】：国产电视剧【影片产地】：大陆【语 言】：国语【上映时间】：2012\n\n你好，请告诉我《围追堵截》这部电视剧的故事背景。", - "你好，Human！《围追堵截》是一部于2012年上映的中国大陆制作的电视剧，其背景设定在1945年9月。该剧讲述了中共派林华率领近两千人的中共高、中领导干部团从山西兴县出发徒步奔赴东北的过程。他们的目标是在东北建立和巩固根据地。然而，国民党方面为了阻止这一行动，动用了特务及军事力量，展开了一系列围追堵截和秘密暗杀行动。所以这部剧的故事背景是中共与国民党在中国东北地区的一场旷日持久的斗争。" + "《围追堵截》是一部于2012年上映的中国大陆制作的电视剧，其背景设定在1945年9月。该剧讲述了中共派林华率领近两千人的中共高、中领导干部团从山西兴县出发徒步奔赴东北的过程。他们的目标是在东北建立和巩固根据地。然而，国民党方面为了阻止这一行动，动用了特务及军事力量，展开了一系列围追堵截和秘密暗杀行动。所以这部剧的故事背景是中共与国民党在中国东北地区的一场旷日持久的斗争。" ], [ "这部剧中，有哪些重要的角色呢？", @@ -271718,7 +271718,7 @@ "history": [ [ "紫荆山\n紫荆山，古称紫云山，相传宋代有方士结庐山间炼丹修道。时有紫色云雾缭绕岩谷，故名，在现福建省漳州市南靖县山城镇境内，距市区2公里，为县城南方屏障。海拔640米。山中有座香烟缭绕的古刹之登云岩寺。\n中文名\n紫荆山\n外文名\nRedbud mountain\n景 点\n九洞十八景\n海 拔\n640米\n \n紫荆山地质地貌 \n整座山岖，怪石嵯岈，悬崖峭壁，挺拔耸峙大小五座山峰，万树扶青，层峦拥翠，蜿蜓起伏，迤逦多姿。每当久晴将雨天气，行云横过山腰，酷峭一条巨龙忽隐忽现飞舞空际，气势磅礴，蔚为奇观。清人吴继昌“五峰出云”诗：“五峰凌汉表，吐纳自成云。化蜃空楼市，从龙睹圣文。”为南靖古八景之一。\n紫荆山优美环境 \n \n优美环境(4张)\n 紫荆山，方圆十数里，奇岩怪石层拱错叠，形成无数洞穴泉井，有九洞十八景之称。其中游客涉猎观赏有：登云岩寺、七星拱月、龙井、天门、斗泉、一线天、龙门、猴探井、停云峡、遇雨亭、雨仙洞、磨剑石、龙鳞崖、承雨台、源湖寨、倒树径岩、紫荆夕照诸景点。清知县胡必奇云“游山城名山秀水，焕然图画，若紫荆一峰，则又崔巍鼎峙”，登上峰头凭高耸览，远眺漳州圆山，芗江；俯瞰山城，街巷交织，高楼耸列，阡陌纵横，河水萦带，村落星罗棋布，民居鳞次栉比，一片平畴绿野溶浸在和风丽日中，从不同角度呈现一幅幅璀璨画卷。令人不禁联想“无限风光在险峰”名句。紫荆山在南靖县城咫尺之间，为四方人士往来举眼投足必触之处，\n紫荆山风景区\n\n你好，请问紫荆山是福建漳州市南靖县的一座名山吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，紫荆山位于福建省漳州市南靖县山城镇，距离市区2公里，是南靖县城的南方屏障。这座海拔640米的山峰，有着丰富的自然景观和文化遗产，非常值得一游。" + "是的，紫荆山位于福建省漳州市南靖县山城镇，距离市区2公里，是南靖县城的南方屏障。这座海拔640米的山峰，有着丰富的自然景观和文化遗产，非常值得一游。" ], [ "在紫荆山上有哪些景点值得游览？", @@ -271741,7 +271741,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天心区\n天心区隶属于湖南省长沙市，是湖南省政府所在地，地处长沙市主城区南部。位于长沙、株洲、湘潭三市几何中心，有着长沙“南大门”之称，是全省重点打造的长株潭融城核心区，踞“两型社会”综合配套改革试验区的前沿。北临开福区，南至湘潭市，东接雨花区，西濒湘江。全区总面积141平方公里。\n根据第七次人口普查数据，截至2020年11月1日零时，天心区常住人口为836157人。\n天心区总面积141平方公里，辖14个街道。\n。地形呈波状起伏，地势南北低、中部高，由东向西略斜，西部地势平坦，中部为丘陵地带；气候具有四季分明，春温多变，夏秋多晴，严冬期短，暑热期长的特点。天心区因天心古阁而得名，是长沙的主要发源地，拥有三千多年的历史。天心区聚集了长沙60%的历史文化景点，素有“处处是文化，满眼皆历史”之称，拥有天心阁、白沙古井、湖南第一师范、贾谊故居等历史文化遗产。天心区湘江岸线长达32公里，是长沙“山水洲城”魅力的最佳展示区域，被评为全国生态示范区。2020年，天心区全年实现地区生产总值（GDP）1120.64亿元，比上年增长3.6%。\n2018年9月，天心区入选2018年中国高质量发展百强区，排名第85位。2021年1月29日，入选湖南省人民政府公布的2020年度真抓实干成效明显的地区名单。\n中文名\n天心区\n外文名\nTianxin District\n别 名\n南区\n行政区类别\n市辖区\n所属地区\n中国 湖南 长沙\n地理位置\n长沙市主城区南部\n面 积\n141 km²\n下辖地区\n14个街道\n政府驻地\n青园街道湘府中路298号\n电话区号\n0731\n邮政编码\n410004\n气候条件\n亚热带季风气候\n著名景点\n天心阁、长沙简牍博物馆、贾谊故居\n机 场\n长沙黄花国际机场\n火车站\n长沙站、长沙南站、长沙西站等\n车牌代码\n湘A\n地区生产总值\n1120.64 亿元(2020年)\n方 言\n湘语长益片长沙话\n行政代码\n430103\n主要高校\n中南林业科技大学、中南大学铁道学院\n人 口\n836157人（2020年11月1日零时常住人口）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n天心区建制沿革 \n \n天心区风光(8张)\n 天心区因天心阁而得名。\n\n你好，请告诉我一下天心区的地理位置和行政区划。", - "你好，Human！天心区位于湖南省长沙市南部，地处长沙、株洲、湘潭三市几何中心。北临开福区，南至湘潭市，东接雨花区，西濒湘江。全区总面积141平方公里，辖14个街道。这个地理位置使得天心区在湖南省具有重要地位，被誉为长沙的“南大门”。" + "天心区位于湖南省长沙市南部，地处长沙、株洲、湘潭三市几何中心。北临开福区，南至湘潭市，东接雨花区，西濒湘江。全区总面积141平方公里，辖14个街道。这个地理位置使得天心区在湖南省具有重要地位，被誉为长沙的“南大门”。" ], [ "请详细介绍一下天心区的气候条件以及著名旅游景点。", @@ -271926,7 +271926,7 @@ "history": [ [ "不后悔张学友国语专辑\n《不后悔》是一张制作精良的国语唱片，其中多首歌曲已成为国语流行音乐的经典歌曲。特别值得注意的是一些合唱歌曲，其中包括《你最珍贵》，《甲乙丙丁》，另外快节奏歌曲如《红色》亦相当受到乐迷欢迎。张学友招牌式的情歌亦在此张唱片中异常出色，经典歌曲如《深海》，《离人》，《不后悔》，《别提你的心》。进入到1998年，因为互联网的普及，出现大量MP3下载用户，对唱片行业产生严重打击。此前被认为是大中华地区唱片销量保证的张学友亦没有幸免于难，虽然《不后悔》制作精良，拥有大量普遍流行的歌曲，但其销量比较1997年的《想和你去吹吹风》开始下滑，但是此张唱片亦成为乐迷收藏经典。\n中文名\n不后悔\n专辑语言\n普通话\n专辑歌手\n张学友\n曲目数量\n11 首\n唱片公司\n宝丽金\n发行时间\n1998-09-22\n专辑类别\n录音室专辑\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n不后悔基本信息 \n歌手：张学友专辑名称：不后悔专辑语言：国语发行时间：1998-09-22\n不后悔专辑介绍 \nJacky每推出一张国语唱片都让会让人期待，自从创造了《吻别》神话之后，这种期待便油然而生了，继上一张《想和你去吹吹风》之后，这张《不后悔》已让人期盼已久了。整张专辑没有多少让人能马上哼唱的旋律，Jacky的歌已经越来越难学唱了，但学友对于每首歌的演绎让人叹为观止。\"歌神\"的封号名不虚传，这是一张值得慢慢品味，体会的专辑。\n不后悔专辑曲目 \n01不后悔02深海03红色04别提你的心05你最珍贵 (高慧君合唱)06离开你七天07回家的路彷佛太远08离人09放过我10冷树叶11甲乙丙丁 郑中基+许志安+张学友\n\n请问《不后悔》是张学友的哪一张专辑？发行于哪一年？", - "你好，Human。《不后悔》是张学友的一张普通话录音室专辑，发行于1998年9月22日。" + "《不后悔》是张学友的一张普通话录音室专辑，发行于1998年9月22日。" ], [ "这张专辑的唱片公司是哪家？曲目数量有多少？", @@ -272796,7 +272796,7 @@ "history": [ [ "温彻斯特\n温彻斯特（英文：WinchesterModel（M）1887），是一支由著名的美国枪械设计师约翰．勃朗宁设计、美国温彻斯特连发武器公司生产的杠杆式霰弹枪，发射12号弹。\n中文名\n温彻斯特\n外文名\nWinchesterModel\n设计师\n约翰．勃朗宁\n生产公司\n美国温彻斯特连发武器公司\n原 名\n温彻斯特M1887\n子 弹\n12号弹\n\n你好，请问温彻斯特霰弹枪是谁设计的？", - "你好，Human！温彻斯特霰弹枪是由著名的美国枪械设计师约翰·勃朗宁设计的。他是一位非常有影响力的枪械设计师，为美国温彻斯特连发武器公司设计了多种火器。" + "温彻斯特霰弹枪是由著名的美国枪械设计师约翰·勃朗宁设计的。他是一位非常有影响力的枪械设计师，为美国温彻斯特连发武器公司设计了多种火器。" ], [ "是哪家公司生产的这款温彻斯特1887霰弹枪？", @@ -273276,7 +273276,7 @@ "history": [ [ "花果山\n花果山，原七渡葡萄园，位于、房山十渡，距北京市区一个半小时车程。拒马河从中穿行而过，自然环境优美宜人。\n中文名\n花果山\n地理位置\n房山区世界地质公园七渡花果山风景区\n景点级别\n国家AAAA级旅游景区\n占地面积\n一百多亩\n \n花果山景区简介 \n花果山，春夏秋冬四季分明：春天百花争艳，香溢河谷；圣夏群峰叠翠、碧水如云；深秋柿坠枝头、红叶似锦；寒冬冰河如镜、峰林披银。基地总占地200余亩，遵循自然风景与人工建筑和谐统一，相得益彰的构筑风格，使人能够充分领略大自然所给予的轻松与畅快。\n花果山服务设施 \n七渡花果山景区原为七渡葡萄园，景区内有水上餐厅、多功能厅、脚踏船、猕猴表演剧场、烧烤一条街、真人CS基地、企业拓展基地。花果山景区，依山傍水、风景秀美、空气清新。西临拒马乐园，东望孤山寨，北靠十渡火车站。景区内设施齐全，集吃、住、玩、拓展培训于一体的大型度假场所。\n花果山旅游意义 \n这里拥有200人的会议室，拥有环保型配套建筑客房75间，可接待170名游客，是集吃、住、娱乐、会议、采摘为一体的综合性休闲、度假、旅游的生态景区。和朋友们在这里，乘坐竹筏绿水泛舟别有一番情致。\n花果山地理位置 \n花果山景区\n\n请问花果山这个景区在哪个地方，距离北京市区多远？", - "你好，Human！花果山位于房山区的世界地质公园七渡花果山风景区。距离北京市区大约一个半小时的车程。景区拥有优美的自然环境，你可以在那里感受四季不同的风景。" + "花果山位于房山区的世界地质公园七渡花果山风景区。距离北京市区大约一个半小时的车程。景区拥有优美的自然环境，你可以在那里感受四季不同的风景。" ], [ "那里的风景特点是什么？", @@ -274319,7 +274319,7 @@ { "instruction": "咖哩饭\n狭义的咖喱饭是指米饭搭配咖喱等食材烹饪的食品。来自于印度。印度口味是因混合各方的风格而做出含有异国风情菜肴而闻名。咖哩已经在亚太地区成为主流的菜肴之一。广义上咖喱饭包括用咖喱粉等咖喱制品制作、烘焙的面食。\n中文名\n咖哩饭\n外文名\nCurry rice\n口 味\n偏辣\n主要食材\n海瓜子，虾子\n调 料\n咖哩粉水盐调料\n辅 料\n透抽青椒\n \n咖哩饭主食类 \n咖哩饭海鲜饭\n原料/调料海瓜子5个虾子3只透抽40公克青椒15公克红甜椒15公克苹果1/4颗洋葱1/4颗白饭80公克A.玉米粉1小匙水2小匙B.咖哩粉1大匙水200cc盐1小匙橄榄油1小匙制作流程1.红甜椒、青椒洗净切块；洋葱洗净切细末；苹果洗净切细丁；虾子洗净去肠泥；海瓜子以清水浸泡2小时吐沙；透抽洗净[切圈状备用。2.调味料A调制成玉米粉水备用。3.热油锅，用小火炒香咖哩粉，放入作法1的红甜椒、青椒、苹果略微拌炒后，加入200cc水继续煮至红甜椒、青椒、苹果皆变软后，放入海瓜子、虾子、透抽拌炒，等海瓜子煮至开口时加入盐与玉米粉水芶芡即可盛起，淋在白饭上即可。\n咖哩饭碎牛肉饭\n材料：牛绞肉（半磅）、洋葱（二个，切碎）、胡萝卜（五～六，切成小块）、马铃薯（一～二个，切成小块）。调味料：咖哩粉一汤匙、盐、酒（少许）、太白粉（二汤匙）。作法：1．油锅烧热后，放入洋葱拌炒，待洋葱炒软，放入牛绞肉拌炒。等牛绞肉炒熟，续加入咖哩粉同炒。2．将马铃薯与胡萝卜倒入锅中，加入盐、酒及约一碗水。并将锅盖盖上，转小火闷煮十五分钟，待马铃薯与胡萝卜煮烂，便可起锅。3．乘一碗熟米饭於大盘中，再将刚出锅的咖哩牛肉浇在饭上即可。另一种做法：烹调方法1.马铃薯、红萝卜、洋葱切丁2.牛肉切小块，用太白粉拌匀3.锅中倒两杯水煮滚，放入马铃薯、红萝卜、洋葱煮软，再加入牛肉和咖哩块煮熟，最后勾芡即可。\n咖哩饭咖哩鸡饭\n配料：胡萝卜、土豆、蘑菇、洋葱、咖喱。个人认为用这种咖喱烧出来的味道比较浓。主料：童子鸡。把土豆切成块。胡萝卜丁和蘑菇片，洋葱块佛蒙特咖喱长城干红一瓶把土豆略过油后盛出，把飞好水的鸡块倒入油锅中炒，加入红酒去鸡肉的腥味。依次在锅中倒入土豆块、洋葱、胡萝卜、蘑菇片，一起炒。盖上锅盖，关小火焖一会。取出咖喱放入锅中，依个人口味，再加入盐和鸡精继续搅拌。咖喱鸡块烹任完毕！把事先蒸好的米饭里倒上咖喱鸡块，就大功告成了。\n咖哩饭印度鸡饭\n\n我看到上面介绍了几种咖哩饭的做法，你能简单地解释一下准备工作以及主要步骤吗？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！当然可以。这里介绍了四种咖哩饭的做法，分别是咖喱海鲜饭、咖喱碎牛肉饭、咖喱鸡饭和印度鸡饭。总的来说，准备工作主要包括准备食材和配料，以及提前将某些食材处理好。主要步骤包括炒香、炖煮和淋在米饭上，具体如下：\n\n1. 咖喱海鲜饭：首先需要准备好食材，包括海瓜子、虾子、透抽、青椒等。然后炒香咖喱粉，加入食材和调味料进行炖煮。等到海鲜熟透后，将咖喱淋在米饭上即可。\n\n2. 咖喱碎牛肉饭：将牛绞肉、洋葱、马铃薯和胡萝卜准备好。炒香洋葱，再加入牛绞肉和咖喱粉，煮软马铃薯和胡萝卜，最后将咖喱浇在米饭上。\n\n3. 咖喱鸡饭：需要童子鸡、土豆、胡萝卜、蘑菇、洋葱等食材。先炒香鸡块，再加入其他配料，盖上锅盖焖煮，最后加入咖喱和调味料。咖喱鸡块烹任完毕后，将其倒在蒸好的米饭上。\n\n4. 印度鸡饭：基本与咖喱鸡饭做法相似，区别在于加入了红酒去除鸡肉腥味。其他步骤类似。\n\n不同咖喱饭的具体操作可能会有所不同，但基本步骤是类似的。注意根据个人口味调整咖喱浓度和辣度。希望这对你有帮助！", + "output": "当然可以。这里介绍了四种咖哩饭的做法，分别是咖喱海鲜饭、咖喱碎牛肉饭、咖喱鸡饭和印度鸡饭。总的来说，准备工作主要包括准备食材和配料，以及提前将某些食材处理好。主要步骤包括炒香、炖煮和淋在米饭上，具体如下：\n\n1. 咖喱海鲜饭：首先需要准备好食材，包括海瓜子、虾子、透抽、青椒等。然后炒香咖喱粉，加入食材和调味料进行炖煮。等到海鲜熟透后，将咖喱淋在米饭上即可。\n\n2. 咖喱碎牛肉饭：将牛绞肉、洋葱、马铃薯和胡萝卜准备好。炒香洋葱，再加入牛绞肉和咖喱粉，煮软马铃薯和胡萝卜，最后将咖喱浇在米饭上。\n\n3. 咖喱鸡饭：需要童子鸡、土豆、胡萝卜、蘑菇、洋葱等食材。先炒香鸡块，再加入其他配料，盖上锅盖焖煮，最后加入咖喱和调味料。咖喱鸡块烹任完毕后，将其倒在蒸好的米饭上。\n\n4. 印度鸡饭：基本与咖喱鸡饭做法相似，区别在于加入了红酒去除鸡肉腥味。其他步骤类似。\n\n不同咖喱饭的具体操作可能会有所不同，但基本步骤是类似的。注意根据个人口味调整咖喱浓度和辣度。希望这对你有帮助！", "history": [] }, { @@ -274409,7 +274409,7 @@ "history": [ [ "刘政导演\n刘政，中国内地导演、编剧\n执导代表作品：《暗访记者之红灯行》\n《古墓奇谭》\n《宁古塔》\n电视剧《北洋残案》\n中文名\n刘政\n国 籍\n中国\n职 业\n导演、编剧\n代表作品\n宁古塔、暗访记者之红灯行、古墓奇谭\n \n刘政人物经历 \n2011年参演军旅题材影片《十一台阶》\n，执导作品：话剧《一座高楼》\n电影《暗访记者之红灯行》\n《古墓奇谭》\n《宁古塔》\n电视剧《北洋残案》\n等作品。2021年，参演电视剧《皇叔适可而止第二季》。\n刘政主要作品 \n刘政参演电影\n \n \n古镇凶灵之巫咒缠身2013\n导演刘辉\n主演徐海桥 、张兆北\n \n \n大明劫2013\n导演\n主演冯远征 、余少群\n \n刘政参演电视剧\n \n \n皇叔适可而止第二季2021\n导演\n主演\n \n \n皇叔适可而止第一季2021\n导演\n主演\n \n \n桐柏英雄2013\n导演\n主演金晨、王鸥\n \n \n汉口码头2012\n导演\n主演刘牧 、林伊婷\n \n \n十一级台阶2011\n导演\n主演沙溢、侯勇\n \n刘政幕后作品\n时间作品备注2021年北洋残案导演2021年冲锋号导演2020年宁古塔导演、编剧2020年北洋残案导演2019年古墓奇谭3导演2018年古墓奇谭2穿越死亡海导演2017年古墓奇谭导演、编剧2017年暗访记者之红灯行导演、编剧2017年窥视者导演、编剧2016年快来绑架我导演话剧一座高楼导演、编剧 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n剧照\n \n写真(3张)\n\n请问刘政导演的一部著名作品是什么？", - "你好，Human！刘政导演的一部著名作品是电影《古墓奇谭》。他不仅担任了导演，还担任了编剧工作。这部作品展现了他在导演和编剧领域的才华。" + "刘政导演的一部著名作品是电影《古墓奇谭》。他不仅担任了导演，还担任了编剧工作。这部作品展现了他在导演和编剧领域的才华。" ], [ "谢谢你的信息。那在2011年，刘政执导了哪些作品？", @@ -274631,7 +274631,7 @@ "history": [ [ "Linux操作系统内核\nLinux，全称GNU/Linux，是一种免费使用和自由传播的类UNIX操作系统，其内核由林纳斯·本纳第克特·托瓦兹于1991年10月5日首次发布，它主要受到Minix和Unix思想的启发，是一个基于POSIX的多用户、多任务、支持多线程和多CPU的操作系统。它能运行主要的Unix工具软件、应用程序和网络协议。它支持32位和64位硬件。Linux继承了Unix以网络为核心的设计思想，是一个性能稳定的多用户网络操作系统。Linux有上百种不同的发行版，如基于社区开发的debian、archlinux，和基于商业开发的Red Hat Enterprise Linux、SUSE、Oracle Linux等。\n外文名\nLinux\n类 别\n操作系统内核\n发布时间\n1991年10月5日\n创始人\n林纳斯·托瓦兹\n发行版本\nDebian、Ubuntu、RHEL、Centos、Slackware等\n特 点\n免费、开源、可靠、安全、稳定、多平台\n最新版本\n5.17\n最新测试版本\n5.17-rc8\n \n同义词\nlinux系统一般指Linux\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \nLinux发展历程\n\n你好，请问Linux操作系统的内核是什么时候首次发布的？", - "你好，Human。Linux操作系统的内核由林纳斯·本纳第克特·托瓦兹（Linus Torvalds）于1991年10月5日首次发布。这个内核受到了Minix和Unix思想的启发，是基于POSIX的多用户、多任务、支持多线程和多CPU的操作系统。" + "Linux操作系统的内核由林纳斯·本纳第克特·托瓦兹（Linus Torvalds）于1991年10月5日首次发布。这个内核受到了Minix和Unix思想的启发，是基于POSIX的多用户、多任务、支持多线程和多CPU的操作系统。" ], [ "Linux操作系统有哪些特点？", @@ -275042,7 +275042,7 @@ "history": [ [ "观察\n观察是一个科研名词，是一种有目的、有计划、比较持久的知觉活动，也是科学探究的基本方法之一观察力是人们从事观察活动的能力。\n中文名\n观察\n外文名\nobserve,look into\n实 质\n比较持久的知觉活动\n注 释\n观察力是人们从事观察活动的能力\n本 质\n感性的认识活动\n \n观察名词释义 \n观察是一种有目的、有计划、比较持久的知觉活动。观察力是人们从事观察活动的能力。世界著名的生理学家巴甫洛夫，在他的研究院门口的石碑上刻下了“观察、观察、再观察”的名句，以此来强调观察对于研究工作的重要性。达尔文也曾经说过：“我没有突出的理解力，也没有过人的机智，只是在觉察那些稍纵即逝的事物并对他们进行精细观察道德能力上，我可能是中上之人。”可见，观察力是十分重要的。观察力的培养，首先是要接近大自然，培养浓厚的观察兴趣。当然，我们所说的观察，实施中和思考相伴随的。在美丽广阔的大自然中，有许许多多值得细心观察的事物。什么花在春天到来时最先开放，哪些动物在夏天时总在树上叫，秋天来临时白天时间变得短了还是长了，冬天下雪的时候冷还是雪融化的时候冷，等等。经常细心留意这些观察，养成爱观察、爱思考的习惯，会有助于你积累更多的经验，更好地认识世界。生物学：观察是科学探究的一种基本方法。科学观察可以直接用肉眼，也可以借助放大镜、显微镜等仪器，或利用照相机、录音机、摄像机等工具，有时还需要测量。科学观察不同于一般的观察，要有明确的目的；观察时要全面、细致和实事求是，并及时记录下来；对于需要较长时间的观察，要有计划，有耐心；观察时要积极思考，多问几个为什么。在观察的基础上，还需要同别人交流看法，进行讨论。\n观察特点介绍\n\n请问观察到底是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。观察是一种有目的、有计划、比较持久的知觉活动，它是科学探究的基本方法之一。观察力是人们从事观察活动的能力。观察可以帮助我们更好地认识和理解周围的世界，发现问题并寻求解释或推测。" + "观察是一种有目的、有计划、比较持久的知觉活动，它是科学探究的基本方法之一。观察力是人们从事观察活动的能力。观察可以帮助我们更好地认识和理解周围的世界，发现问题并寻求解释或推测。" ], [ "那么观察力有什么重要性呢？", @@ -275061,7 +275061,7 @@ "history": [ [ "生活委员\n生活委员，班委会成员之一，是负责同学生活相关以及协助班级管理事务的班级管理人员。\n中文名\n生活委员\n外文名\ncommissary in charge of general affairs\n职 责\n负责同学日常生活，协助管理班级\n属 性\n班级管理人员\n \n生活委员定义 \n在学校里，负责同学生活方面的相关工作以及协助班长管理班级事务的班级管理人员。\n生活委员职责 \n1.贯彻学校在生活管理工作中的各项意见和措施。2. 保管和使用班费，定期向班委会和全班同学做好班费使用情况公示。3. 关心同学的日常生活，在易发病时节积极做好预防提醒。4. 定期召开舍长会议，搞好寝室的纪律和卫生以及同学的身体健康。5. 关心病号，帮助解决就医、用膳问题。6. 负责设施报修，领取教学劳动用品等。7. 关心同学们的饮食健康，不定期提醒同学们注意保持合理饮食。\n\n你好，请问生活委员的主要职责是什么？", - "你好，Human！生活委员的主要职责有以下几点：1. 贯彻学校在生活管理工作中的各项意见和措施；2. 保管和使用班费，定期向班委会和全班同学做好班费使用情况公示；3. 关心同学的日常生活，在易发病时节积极做好预防提醒；4. 定期召开舍长会议，搞好寝室的纪律和卫生以及同学的身体健康；5. 关心病号，帮助解决就医、用膳问题；6. 负责设施报修，领取教学劳动用品等；7. 关心同学们的饮食健康，不定期提醒同学们注意保持合理饮食。这些职责旨在帮助管理同学的日常生活并协助班级管理事务。" + "生活委员的主要职责有以下几点：1. 贯彻学校在生活管理工作中的各项意见和措施；2. 保管和使用班费，定期向班委会和全班同学做好班费使用情况公示；3. 关心同学的日常生活，在易发病时节积极做好预防提醒；4. 定期召开舍长会议，搞好寝室的纪律和卫生以及同学的身体健康；5. 关心病号，帮助解决就医、用膳问题；6. 负责设施报修，领取教学劳动用品等；7. 关心同学们的饮食健康，不定期提醒同学们注意保持合理饮食。这些职责旨在帮助管理同学的日常生活并协助班级管理事务。" ], [ "生活委员需要拥有哪些技能和素质？", @@ -275728,7 +275728,7 @@ "history": [ [ "菱形平面几何图形\n在同一平面内，有一组邻边相等的平行四边形是菱形，四边都相等的四边形是菱形，菱形的对角线互相垂直平分且平分每一组对角，菱形是轴对称图形，对称轴有2条，即两条对角线所在直线，菱形是中心对称图形。\n中文名\n菱形\n外文名\ndiamond，rhombus\n拼 写\nling xing\n所属领域\n数学几何\n本 质\n平行四边形，特殊的菱形\n特 点\n四边相等，对角相等\n \n菱形定义 \n菱形（rhombus）是特殊的平行四边形之一。有一组邻边相等的平行四边形称为菱形。如图1，在平行四边形ABCD中，若AB=BC，则称这个平行四边形ABCD是菱形，记作◇ABCD，读作菱形ABCD。\n菱形性质 \n在一个平面内，有一组邻边相等的平行四边形是菱形（rhombus）。性质：菱形具有平行四边形的一切性质；菱形的四条边都相等；菱形的对角线互相垂直平分且平分每一组对角；菱形是轴对称图形，对称轴有2条，即两条对角线所在直线；菱形是中心对称图形；\n菱形判定 \n在同一平面内，一组邻边相等的平行四边形是菱形；对角线互相垂直的平行四边形是菱形；四条边均相等且对角线垂直的四边形是菱形；对角线互相垂直平分的四边形；两条对角线分别平分每组对角的四边形；有一对角线平分一个内角的平行四边形；菱形是在平行四边形的前提下定义的，首先它是平行四边形，而且是特殊的平行四边形，特殊之处就是“有一组邻边相等”，因而增加了一些特殊的性质和判定方法。菱形的一条对角线必须与x轴平行，另一条对角线与y轴平行。不满足此条件的几何学菱形在计算机图形学上被视作一般四边形。\n菱形面积 \n设一个菱形的面积为S，边长为a，高为b，两对角线分别为c和d，一个最小的内角为∠θ，则有：S=ab（菱形和其他平行四边形的面积等于底乘以高）；S=cd÷2（菱形和其他对角线互相垂直的四边形的面积等于两对角线乘积的一半）；S=a^2·sinθ。\n菱形中点四边形 \n \n菱形的面积计算(2张)\n 依次连接四边形各边中点所得的四边形称为中点四边形。不管原四边形的形状怎样，中点四边形的形状总是平行四边形。菱形的中点四边形总是矩形。（对角线垂直的四边形的中点四边形均为矩形）\n菱形常见图案 \n如三菱汽车的标志、闸门、衣服架等。\n\n请问菱形是什么？", - "你好，Human！菱形（rhombus）是一种特殊的平行四边形，它的四条边都相等。在同一平面内的一组邻边相等的平行四边形即为菱形。菱形具有平行四边形的一切性质；菱形的对角线互相垂直平分且平分每一组对角；菱形是轴对称图形，对称轴有2条，即两条对角线所在直线；菱形是中心对称图形。" + "菱形（rhombus）是一种特殊的平行四边形，它的四条边都相等。在同一平面内的一组邻边相等的平行四边形即为菱形。菱形具有平行四边形的一切性质；菱形的对角线互相垂直平分且平分每一组对角；菱形是轴对称图形，对称轴有2条，即两条对角线所在直线；菱形是中心对称图形。" ], [ "那怎样判断一个四边形是不是菱形呢？", @@ -276336,7 +276336,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卫夫人晋朝女书法家\n卫夫人（272年～349年），本名卫铄，字茂漪，河东安邑（今山西省夏县）人，晋代著名书法家，廷尉卫展之女。卫氏家族世代工书，嫁给汝阴太守李矩为妻，丈夫李矩善长隶书。卫夫人师承钟繇，妙传其法。卫夫人与王羲之母亲为中表亲戚，成为“书圣”王羲之的书法老师。永和五年，去世，时年七十八岁，葬于浙江嵊州。\n本 名\n卫铄\n别 名\n卫夫人\n字\n茂漪\n所处时代\n晋朝\n民族族群\n汉族\n出生地\n河东安邑\n出生日期\n272年\n逝世日期\n349年\n主要作品\n《笔阵图》《名姬帖》《卫氏和南帖》\n主要成就\n书法艺术和书法理论\n \n人物关系纠错\n \n李矩\n丈夫 \n \n卫夫人人物生平 \n卫夫人，名铄，字茂漪。族祖卫瓘，西晋司空，录尚书事，与索靖俱善草书，人称“一台二妙”，传为王右军（王羲之）之师。汝阴太守李矩之妻，世称卫夫人。师承钟繇，尤善楷书。传世楷书八行在《淳化阁帖》，及书论《笔阵图》，大概均为好事者为之。家学渊源（北派之祖卫瓘侄女、卫桓的堂妹），有名当代。从父卫恒，官终黄门郎，亦善书法，著有《四体书势》。《法书要录》说她得笔法于钟繇，熔钟、卫之法于一炉。所著《笔阵图》中云：「横」如千里之阵云、「点」似高山之墬石、「撇」如陆断犀象之角、「竖」如万岁枯藤、「捺」如崩浪奔雷、「努」如百钧弩发、「钩」如劲弩筋节。有《名姬帖》、《卫氏和南帖》传世。她曾作诗论及草隶书体，又奉敕为朝廷写《急就章》。其字形已由钟繇的扁方变为长方形，线条清秀平和，娴雅婉丽，去隶已远，说明当时楷书已经成熟而普遍。宋陈思《书小史》引唐人书评，说她的书法“如插花舞女，低昂美容；又如美女登台、仙娥弄影，红莲映水、碧沼浮霞”，应该不是过誉之词。\n卫夫人人物影响 \n \n卫夫人作品(3张)\n\n请问你知道关于晋朝著名书法家卫夫人的基本信息吗？", - "你好，Human！当然了解，卫夫人，本名卫铄，字茂漪，出生于272年，逝世于349年。她出身于河东安邑（今山西省夏县），是晋朝著名书法家。她的家族世代擅长书法，尤其善于楷书。卫夫人师从钟繇，与王羲之母亲为亲戚，后成为王羲之的书法老师。她的丈夫名叫李矩，也是一位书法家，擅长隶书。卫夫人的主要作品有《笔阵图》、《名姬帖》以及《卫氏和南帖》。她在书法艺术和书法理论方面有着显著成就。" + "当然了解，卫夫人，本名卫铄，字茂漪，出生于272年，逝世于349年。她出身于河东安邑（今山西省夏县），是晋朝著名书法家。她的家族世代擅长书法，尤其善于楷书。卫夫人师从钟繇，与王羲之母亲为亲戚，后成为王羲之的书法老师。她的丈夫名叫李矩，也是一位书法家，擅长隶书。卫夫人的主要作品有《笔阵图》、《名姬帖》以及《卫氏和南帖》。她在书法艺术和书法理论方面有着显著成就。" ], [ "她的书法风格是如何形成的，受到了哪些影响？", @@ -276953,7 +276953,7 @@ "history": [ [ "厄瓜多尔\n厄瓜多尔共和国（西班牙语：República del Ecuador），简称厄瓜多尔。位于南美洲西北部的国家，北与哥伦比亚相邻，南接秘鲁，西滨太平洋，与智利同为南美洲不与巴西相邻的国家，另辖有距厄瓜多尔本土1,000公里的加拉帕戈斯群岛。首都基多位于皮钦查火山的山麓。厄瓜多尔原为印第安人居住地，1532年沦为西班牙殖民地，1809年8月10日宣布独立，但仍被西班牙殖民军占领，1822年彻底摆脱了殖民统治后加入大哥伦比亚共和国，1830年脱离大哥伦比亚，成立厄瓜多尔共和国。建国后，政局一直动荡，政变迭起，文人和军人政府交替执政达19次之多，1979年8月文人政府执政，结束了自1972年以来的军人统治。厄瓜多尔实行总统制，总统为国家最高行政首脑。外交上奉行独立、自主、和平的外交政策。厄瓜多尔以“香蕉之国”闻名于世，经济上实施美元化政策。主要旅游景点有基多老城、面包山女神石雕像、独立广场等。2015年10月28日，第70届联合国大会改选联合国人权理事会成员，厄瓜多尔成功获选，任期自2016年至2018年。\n当地时间2022年6月9日，联合国大会各成员国在联合国纽约总部进行投票，选举厄瓜多尔为2023年至2024年度安理会非常任理事国。\n中文名\n厄瓜多尔共和国\n外文名\nThe Republic of Ecuador\n简 称\n厄瓜多尔\n所属洲\n南美洲\n首 都\n基多\n主要城市\n瓜亚基尔，昆卡，安巴托，马查拉等\n国庆日\n1809年8月10日\n国 歌\n《祖国，我们向你敬礼》\n国家代码\nECU\n官方语言\n西班牙语\n货 币\n美元\n时 区\nUTC-5至UTC-6\n政治体制\n总统制共和制\n国家领袖\n吉列尔莫·拉索(总统)\n人口数量\n1746 万(2020年)\n人口密度\n71.0 人/平方公里(2020年)\n主要民族\n印欧混血种人、印第安人、白人、穆拉托人、黑人\n主要宗教\n天主教\n国土面积\n256370 km²\n水域率\n5%\nGDP总计\n1073.49 亿美元(2019年)\n人均GDP\n6174 美元(2019年)\n国际电话区号\n593\n国际域名缩写\n.ec\n道路通行\n靠右驾驶\n国 花\n白花修女兰\n国 鸟\n大兀鹫\n国家格言\n“上帝，祖国和自由”\n最大城市\n瓜亚基尔\n其 它\n厄瓜多尔中央大学、天主教大学等\n \n同义词\n厄尔瓜多一般指厄瓜多尔（南美洲国家）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n厄瓜多尔历史沿革\n\n你好，请问厄瓜多尔的首都是哪里？", - "你好，Human！厄瓜多尔的首都是基多。基多市位于皮钦查火山的山麓，同时也是厄瓜多尔的政治、文化和经济中心。" + "厄瓜多尔的首都是基多。基多市位于皮钦查火山的山麓，同时也是厄瓜多尔的政治、文化和经济中心。" ], [ "厄瓜多尔的国庆日是什么时候？", @@ -278536,7 +278536,7 @@ "history": [ [ "山东省路桥集团有限公司\n山东省路桥集团有限公司是2002年的时候国家建设部核定的全国首批19家公路工程施工总承包特级资质企业之一，公司资产总值14亿元，大型设备2000台（套），多数具有国内国际领先水平。现有一线职工3500人，年施工能力达到50亿元。\n公司名称\n山东省路桥集团有限公司\n总部地点\n山东省\n员工数\n3500 人\n \n同义词\n山东路桥一般指山东省路桥集团有限公司\n \n山东省路桥集团有限公司简介 \n山东省路桥集团有限公司是在原山东省交通工程总公司基础上改制组建的国有独资大型企业，具有公路工程施工总承包特级、桥梁工程专业承包一级、路面工程专业承包一级、路基工程专业承包一级、房屋建筑工程施工总承包一级、市政公用工程施工总承包一级、钢结构工程施工总承包一级、隧道工程施工总承包二级、公路交通工程专业承包交通安全设施资质，具有直接对外承包经营权。\n山东省路桥集团有限公司下辖部门 \n集团公司隶属山东高速集团。下辖山东省公路桥梁建设有限公司、山东鲁桥建设有限公司、山东高速路桥养护有限公司、铁路工程公司、交通工程公司、建筑工程公司、市政工程公司、海外公司、设计院等20多个全资子公司及控股、参股公司，具有公路、铁路、桥梁、隧道、交通工程、市政工程、工民建、港口、码头、船闸施工及勘测设计、机械设备制造等综合能力。\n山东省路桥集团有限公司创建历史\n\n你好，请问山东省路桥集团有限公司是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！山东省路桥集团有限公司是在2002年成立的，当时是由原山东省交通工程总公司改制组建而成。它是国家建设部核定的全国首批19家公路工程施工总承包特级资质企业之一。因此，它从2002年开始运营，为社会提供公路建设、桥梁建设等相关服务。" + "山东省路桥集团有限公司是在2002年成立的，当时是由原山东省交通工程总公司改制组建而成。它是国家建设部核定的全国首批19家公路工程施工总承包特级资质企业之一。因此，它从2002年开始运营，为社会提供公路建设、桥梁建设等相关服务。" ], [ "这个公司的员工数量是多少？", @@ -278829,7 +278829,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电磁锁\n电磁锁（或称磁力锁）的设计和电磁铁一样，是利用电生磁的原理，当电流通过硅钢片时，电磁锁会产生强大的吸力紧紧地吸住吸附铁板达到锁门的效果。只要小小的电流电磁锁就会产生莫大的磁力，控制电磁锁电源的门禁系统识别人员正确后即断电，电磁锁失去吸力即可开门。\n中文名\n电磁锁\n外文名\nElectromagnetic lock\n承受拉力：\n80kg 150kg 180kg等\n工作电压：\nDC12V\n工作电流：\n≤250MA\n专业装置：\n内置突波吸收器\n适用范围：\n木门、玻璃门、金属门、防火门\n安全类型：\n断电开锁\n \n电磁锁简介 \n电磁锁（或称磁力锁）的设计和电磁铁一样，是利用电生磁的原理，当电流通过硅钢片时，电磁锁会产生强大的吸力紧紧的吸住吸附铁板达到锁门的效果。只要小小的电流电磁锁就会产生莫大的磁力，控制电磁锁电源的门禁系统识别人员正确后即断电，电磁锁失去吸力即可开门\n。\n电磁锁概念 \n只要小小的电流电磁锁就会产生莫大的磁力，控制电磁锁电源的门禁系统识别人员正确后即断电，电磁锁失去吸力即可开门。因为电磁锁没有复杂的机械结构以及锁舌的构造，适用在逃生门或是消防门的通路控制。其内部用灌注环氧树酯保护锁体。如今电磁锁的吸力强度以LB表示(磅)，测试的方法是静态加压。所谓静态加压就是电磁锁通电后慢慢地逐渐增加对吸附铁板的拉力，当超出电磁锁的吸力时瞬间拉开吸附铁板，此拉力的数据就是电磁锁的拉力值。而且电磁锁与吸附铁板的作用力必须是面对面而且是直线加压，如此电磁锁的吸力才是最大。吸附铁板因为长时间受电磁铁的磁力感应有可能被短暂磁化\n。\n电磁锁功能分类 \n户内型磁力锁广泛应用于国内外重要建筑，成为高科技门禁管理系统不可忽视的重要环节，与传统锁相比其优势为产生强大的吸力，电源耗能低，质量稳定可靠，具有监控信号反馈输出，防外界破坏，无噪音及具有消防与防盗特性等优点。磁力锁根据安装环境不同分为挂装式和嵌入式两种\n。\n电磁锁基本参数 \n承受拉力：80kg 150kg 180kg 280kg 300kg 350kg 500kg等；工作电压：DC12V；工作电流：≤250MA；专业装置：内置突波吸收器；适用范围：木门、玻璃门、金属门、防火门；安全类型：断电开锁。\n电磁锁户外型\n\n请问电磁锁是如何工作的？", - "你好，Human！电磁锁的工作原理是利用电生磁。当电流通过硅钢片时，电磁锁会产生强大的吸力，紧紧吸住吸附铁板达到锁门的效果。门禁系统在识别人员正确后，会切断电磁锁的电源，使电磁锁失去吸力，从而实现开门。一般而言，电磁锁具有较小的电流就能产生强磁力的特点，因此功耗较低。" + "电磁锁的工作原理是利用电生磁。当电流通过硅钢片时，电磁锁会产生强大的吸力，紧紧吸住吸附铁板达到锁门的效果。门禁系统在识别人员正确后，会切断电磁锁的电源，使电磁锁失去吸力，从而实现开门。一般而言，电磁锁具有较小的电流就能产生强磁力的特点，因此功耗较低。" ], [ "那么电磁锁有哪些应用场景？", @@ -278974,7 +278974,7 @@ "history": [ [ "生猛海鲜\n《生猛海鲜》是由黄彬昊执导的电影，何为、顾权、张洛晨、傅筱、张昕宇参与演出。\n中文名\n生猛海鲜\n外文名\nYoung blood\n出品时间\n2016年\n出品公司\n北京新合艺影视文化传媒有限公司\n发行公司\n北京新合艺影视文化传媒有限公司\n制片地区\n中国大陆\n拍摄地点\n厦门\n拍摄日期\n中国大陆\n导 演\n黄彬昊\n编 剧\n吕磊、黄彬昊\n制片人\n牟晓明\n类 型\n动作，青春 ，友情\n主 演\n何为、顾权、张洛晨、傅筱、张昕宇\n片 长\n60分钟\n对白语言\n汉语普通话\n色 彩\n彩色\n \n生猛海鲜剧情简介 \n \n剧照(10张)\n 四个性格投缘的高中毕业生，聚会上的遭遇重新定义了他们的人生。打架王胖子，江湖大哥帅子，聪明胆小德大鹏，四肢发达的坤儿，机缘下认识的女孩儿妙妙。莽撞的坤儿因打伤人入狱。帅子跟了D哥，爱情遭到父亲反对，在篮球比赛中帅子为D哥出头被混混打伤，妙妙伤心欲绝。而此刻，大鹏和胖子已经联系好了学校。两年后，他们再次相遇，帅子一副大哥模样，坤儿稳重了很多，大鹏两人身上学生气未退，洗尘宴席，D哥把店帅子和坤儿管理。次日，帅子来到妙妙工作的洗浴城，希望她跟着自己。烧烤聚会上，帅子像个胜利者讲述了自己在监狱的生活，被人打，打别人，到最后的释然。四人再次相聚因为坤儿的父亲病逝。坤儿觉得当年特别不值得。帅子的新酒吧开业，老板娘是妙妙，大鹏的订婚宴，都在一天举行。非常热闹。胖子和坤儿也赶来祝贺。D哥带人赶到祝贺，酒席间。一伙混混冲进来，D哥被砍伤，帅子意气用事也被捅了一刀。热闹现场瞬间乱套…\n生猛海鲜演职员表 \n生猛海鲜演员表\n角色演员\n妙妙傅筱帅子何为坤儿张昕宇胖子张洛晨大鹏顾权D哥楼权D哥小弟（公鸡头）谢贤泉D哥小弟徐启楠坤子母亲李月帅子父亲焦卫华胖子父亲黄聪山帅子妹妹菲菲范玲艳坏学生郑剑雄朋友a蒋方谦朋友b陈伟梁面试经理胡豆\n生猛海鲜职员表\n出品人单明 李洪阳 吕磊选角导演振东制作人牟晓明配音导演监制高宵迪 窦朴纯艺术指导吕磊发行夕玥美术设计吴冰心导演黄彬昊\n动作指导编剧吕磊黄彬昊\n服装设计杨元凤原著吕磊\n视觉特效摄影兰城序 孙元强录音罗泮配乐小黑剧务剪辑迦铭场记康献礼道具张林帅布景师灯光孙军伟发行单位北京新合艺影视文化传媒有限公司\n生猛海鲜角色介绍\n\n请问电影《生猛海鲜》的导演是谁？", - "你好，Human！电影《生猛海鲜》的导演是黄彬昊。这部电影是一部青春动作友情题材的作品，由黄彬昊执导，吕磊和黄彬昊编剧。" + "电影《生猛海鲜》的导演是黄彬昊。这部电影是一部青春动作友情题材的作品，由黄彬昊执导，吕磊和黄彬昊编剧。" ], [ "谢谢你！这部电影的主演有哪些人？", @@ -280624,7 +280624,7 @@ "history": [ [ "独角兕大王《西游记》中的角色\n独角兕大王，是出自于明代神怪小说《西游记》中的妖怪，又称青牛精、青牛怪。本是太上老君的坐骑“板角青牛”，头长独角，皮肤青黑，趁着牛童儿瞌睡之际，偷跑老君化胡为佛的宝物金刚琢（曾砸翻孙悟空的白色圆环），下界到金兜山金兜洞成为魔王。自号独角兕大王，兵器是一根丈二长的点钢枪，手下是一群牛精，又仗着太上老君之宝金刚琢独霸一方，且有三头六臂之能。将妖洞变成一座屋子，屋子之中放着三件罗网所变的衣服，以此用计捉住唐僧、猪八戒和沙僧，之后套走孙悟空的金箍棒，将他打败。\n孙悟空只好到天宫搬来了托塔天王父子等救兵，独角兕大王着实厉害，把哪吒三太子的六件降妖兵器统统套住收走，并打败前来助阵的火德星君率领的众火神，收走了大量的火具装备，天兵天将和如来佛祖的十八罗汉都战胜不了，就连佛祖的金丹砂都被全部收去。由于金刚琢太过厉害，任何武器或是水火雷电等物都奈何不了他，因此屡胜漫天众神佛，多亏如来佛祖暗示孙悟空，请来了太上老君，用芭蕉扇将其降伏，使魔王现出青牛本相，用金刚琢锁在牛鼻子上，将所有兵器物归原主，最终老君跨上牛背登天回到八景宫，悟空等率众打入洞中，杀死小妖。\n中文名\n独角兕大王\n别 名\n青牛精、青牛怪、兕大王、独角兕\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n明代小说《西游记》\n对 手\n孙悟空\n战 绩\n金刚琢在手，满天神佛拿他没辙，打败孙悟空\n法 术\n三头六臂\n兵 器\n点钢枪\n法 宝\n金刚琢\n居住地\n金兜山金兜洞\n主 人\n太上老君\n \n同义词\n青牛精（小说《西游记》里的太上老君的坐骑）一般指独角兕大王（《西游记》中的角色）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n独角兕大王主要剧情\n\n你好，请问独角兕大王是《西游记》中的哪种角色？", - "你好，Human。独角兕大王是《西游记》中的一位妖怪角色，又称青牛精、青牛怪。他原本是太上老君的坐骑“板角青牛”，后来偷跑下界成为了金兜山金兜洞的魔王。他拥有三头六臂，擅长使用丈二长的点钢枪作为兵器，还拥有神奇的法宝金刚琢。他的部下主要是一群牛精。" + "独角兕大王是《西游记》中的一位妖怪角色，又称青牛精、青牛怪。他原本是太上老君的坐骑“板角青牛”，后来偷跑下界成为了金兜山金兜洞的魔王。他拥有三头六臂，擅长使用丈二长的点钢枪作为兵器，还拥有神奇的法宝金刚琢。他的部下主要是一群牛精。" ], [ "独角兕大王在故事中和孙悟空有什么纠纷？", @@ -280666,7 +280666,7 @@ "history": [ [ "护肤化妆品护肤化妆品\n皮肤是人体和外部环境之间存在的边境界膜，是保护身体对付外界各种变化的重要器官。皮肤具有防御干燥、保持水分的功能，对于细胞和生物来说水分是及重要的。皮肤也具有防御紫外线，调节体温、中和外界刺激等多种功能。但随着环境的变化和年龄老化的影响也会发发生功能和结构上的不平衡。使用护肤产品可以适当得调整皮肤的功能和结构。护肤化妆品也可以成为基础化妆品，其基本功能是清洁（洗净，擦洗）、保湿和抗干燥、抗紫外线、止汗和祛臭、抗氧化等。此外也具有增白（防日光性肝斑、雀斑）、改善皱纹和皮肤松弛、防止粉刺等功能。\n中文名\n护肤化妆品\n外文名\nskin care products\n功 效\n基础护肤\n \n护肤化妆品基本信息： \n护肤化妆品是指清洁、滋润、营养、保护和美化皮肤的化妆用品。它包括雪花膏、冷霜、蜜类化妆品、润肤霜、防晒化妆品、按摩霜、早霜、日霜、晚霜\n等。\n护肤化妆品历史发展 \n最早化妆品雏形主要用于宗教目的:焚香（包括香料、乳香和其他香树脂）、用香料混合油脂涂抹于人体作为护肤，或涂抹于尸体作为防腐剂。古代埃及人利用蜂蜜、牛奶和植物粉末制成浆，用动物、植物油脂和蜂蜡做成护肤霜。古罗马中，希波克拉底和他的弟子们概括地论述皮肤学的研究成果，提出正确饮食、运动、阳光，特别是沐浴和按摩有助于良好的健康和美貌。我国秦汉时期，医药学发展。第一步药物学专著《神龙本草经》记载抗衰老药100多种，其中记载了20余种具有令面色悦泽等作用的中药，当时中医的美容理念：既重视美容化妆，更注重内服调治，重在药物美容，辅以食疗。\n护肤化妆品产品功效： \n包括清洁人体皮肤、调整皮肤水分和油份、保养和滋润肌肤，以保持皮肤健康的基础化妆品。\n护肤化妆品洁肤化妆品： \n洁肤制品的目的是清除皮肤上的污垢，使皮肤清爽、有助于保持皮肤正常皮肤生理状态。清洗皮肤时，清洁对象物是人体皮肤，黏附在上面的污垢基本是皮肤和角质层碎片机器氧化分解物，或者与之粘在一起的美容化妆品的残留物。这些残留大些产物是不稳定的，暴露于阳光或皮肤上有细菌的时候，会发生各种物理化学和生物化学反应，形成一些可能伤害皮肤的物质。因此即使是健康皮肤，皮肤清洁也是皮肤护理所必需的过程，此外对于敏感的或脆弱的皮肤，由于其特性，更加需要特别清洁和护理，对于这样有问题皮肤类型，必须着重考虑产品温和性和安全性。\n护肤化妆品化妆水：\n\n我想了解一下护肤化妆品的基本功效和分类。能给我简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！护肤化妆品主要用于清洁、滋润、营养、保护和美化皮肤。基本功效包括清洁、保湿、抗干燥、抗紫外线、止汗和祛臭、抗氧等，此外还有增白、改善皱纹、防止粉刺等功能。一般护肤化妆品可以分为洁肤类、化妆水类、面霜类等。洁肤类产品致力于清除皮肤上的污垢和残留，化妆水用于调整皮肤的水分平衡，而面霜则负责滋润和保护肌肤。这些产品共同保持皮肤健康和美丽。如果需要了解更多，请随时提问。" + "护肤化妆品主要用于清洁、滋润、营养、保护和美化皮肤。基本功效包括清洁、保湿、抗干燥、抗紫外线、止汗和祛臭、抗氧等，此外还有增白、改善皱纹、防止粉刺等功能。一般护肤化妆品可以分为洁肤类、化妆水类、面霜类等。洁肤类产品致力于清除皮肤上的污垢和残留，化妆水用于调整皮肤的水分平衡，而面霜则负责滋润和保护肌肤。这些产品共同保持皮肤健康和美丽。如果需要了解更多，请随时提问。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！那么，请问怎样才能正确选择合适的护肤化妆品呢？", @@ -280681,7 +280681,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黑龙江商业职业学院中国黑龙江省牡丹江市境内公办高校\n中文名\n黑龙江商业职业学院\n外文名\nHeilongjiang Vocational College of Commerce\n创办时间\n1958年8月\n办学性质\n公办高校\n学校类别\n财经类\n学校特色\n全日制普通专科院校\n教育部“1+X”证书制度试点院校（2019年）\n主管部门\n黑龙江省\n现任领导\n校长：孙万良、党委书记：朱丽华\n高职专业\n22个\n院系设置\n会计系、工商管理系、经济贸易系、机电工程系、旅游系、艺术系、信息工程系等5个系\n校 训\n立德励志，立学力行\n校 歌\n《黑龙江商业职业学院之歌》\n地 址\n黑龙江省牡丹江市爱民区西圣林街333号\n院校代码\n13448\n \n基本信息\n黑龙江商业职业学院历史沿革 \n1958年8月，黑龙江省蚕业学校创建。1960年8月，黑龙江省服务学校创建。1962年9月，黑龙江省蚕业学校、黑龙江省服务学校合并为黑龙江省商业厅专业干部训练班。1964年9月，黑龙江省商业厅专业干部训练班更名为黑龙江省商业职业学校。1967年1月，黑龙江省商业职业学校更名为牡丹江地区商业学校。1972年8月，牡丹江地区商业学校更名为牡丹江商业学校。1996年4月，牡丹江商业学校更名为黑龙江省财贸学校。2003年3月，黑龙江省财贸学校升格为黑龙江商业职业学院。\n2018年6月，学校举办60周年校庆。\n2019年10月，学校入选为教育部第二批“1+X”证书制度试点院校。\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n校园风光\n黑龙江商业职业学院办学条件 \n黑龙江商业职业学院院系专业\n截至2020年10月，学校有12个教学系部，开设22个高职专科专业。\n教学系部专业会计系会计、财务管理\n工商管理系市场营销、连锁经营管理、中小企业创业与经营、健康管理、金融管理\n经济贸易系电子商务、物流管理、报关与国际货运、快递运营管理\n机电工程系汽车检测与维修技术、新能源汽车技术\n旅游系空中乘务、民航运输（民航商务方向）、高速铁路客运乘务、酒店管理\n艺术系数字媒体艺术设计、室内设计技术、建筑装饰工程技术、广告设计与制作、电脑艺术设计\n信息工程系电子竞技运动与管理、数字媒体应用技术\n思政理论课教学部-----通识教研部-----就业创业教研部-----体育教研部-----外语教学部-----\n黑龙江商业职业学院师资队伍\n\n你好，请问你对黑龙江商业职业学院有了解吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，我对黑龙江商业职业学院有了解。该校位于中国黑龙江省牡丹江市，是一所全日制普通专科院校，创建于1958年8月。学校的现任领导是校长孙万良和党委书记朱丽华。校训是“立德励志，立学力行”，主管部门为黑龙江省。如果你有关于该校的任何疑问，请随时提问，我很乐意帮助你。" + "是的，我对黑龙江商业职业学院有了解。该校位于中国黑龙江省牡丹江市，是一所全日制普通专科院校，创建于1958年8月。学校的现任领导是校长孙万良和党委书记朱丽华。校训是“立德励志，立学力行”，主管部门为黑龙江省。如果你有关于该校的任何疑问，请随时提问，我很乐意帮助你。" ], [ "黑龙江商业职业学院现有多少个高职专业？", @@ -281873,7 +281873,7 @@ "history": [ [ "义无反顾\n中文名\n义无反顾\n外文名\nRelentless Justice\n类 型\n剧情\n出品公司\nATV\n制片地区\n中国香港\n发行公司\n亚洲电视（ATV）\n首播时间\n2006年11月20日\n导 演\n郑伟文、刘国辉\n编 剧\n阮少娜\n制片人\n杨绍鸿\n主 演\n谭耀文、郭蔼明、刘恺威、叶德娴\n集 数\n40 集\n每集长度\n1小时（连广告）\n在线播放平台\n土豆网\n出品时间\n2006年\n \n基本信息\n义无反顾剧情简介 \n \n义无反顾剧照(20张)\n 执业大状钱志刚与妹妹钱志静被卖粥妇人陈巧儿养大，钱志刚年幼时父亲因谋杀罪而被判囚终身，钱志刚确信父亲无辜，立志成为律师为父亲洗脱冤情。陈巧儿有私生子陈辉煌，也是执业大状，与钱志刚一同长大，情同兄弟，但个性却是南辕北辙，钱志刚本性善良，陈辉煌本性邪恶。陈辉煌为要出人头地，不惜出卖兄弟亲情，甚至害死钱志刚老父，陷害钱志刚入狱。坐已待毙，还是以其人之 道还治其人之身？如果放下屠刀，可以立地成佛，那么以杀止杀，又是否算是另一种道义？当法律不能替天行道，商场就成为另一个战场，钱志刚义无反顾，誓要打赢陈辉煌，打赢这场道义之战。然而，他的手段，却令他走入不义之途，而他也将要付上沉重代价。天理，还是在冥冥中、于纷乱的世情间自我彰显。\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n义无反顾剧照2\n义无反顾分集剧情 \n1-5\n6-10\n11-15\n16-20\n21-25\n26-30\n31-35\n36-40\n第1集\n\n请问你能告诉我一些关于香港剧情片《义无反顾》的信息吗？", - "你好，Human！我很高兴为你提供关于《义无反顾》的信息。这是一部香港制作的剧情片，由ATV出品。它于2006年11月20日首播。这部电视剧的导演是郑伟文和刘国辉，编剧是阮少娜，制片人是杨绍鸿。主要演员包括谭耀文、郭蔼明、刘恺威和叶德娴。《义无反顾》共有40集，每集时长约为1小时，包括广告时间。你可以在土豆网在线观看这部剧。" + "我很高兴为你提供关于《义无反顾》的信息。这是一部香港制作的剧情片，由ATV出品。它于2006年11月20日首播。这部电视剧的导演是郑伟文和刘国辉，编剧是阮少娜，制片人是杨绍鸿。主要演员包括谭耀文、郭蔼明、刘恺威和叶德娴。《义无反顾》共有40集，每集时长约为1小时，包括广告时间。你可以在土豆网在线观看这部剧。" ], [ "能告诉我这部剧的主要剧情吗？", @@ -282217,7 +282217,7 @@ { "instruction": "网球\n网球（Tennis），是球类运动项目之一。有效网球运动场地是一个长方形，长为23.77米，单打场地宽为8.23米，双打场地宽为10.97米。中间隔有网，比赛双方各占球场的一方，球员用网球拍击球。\n网球运动孕育在法国，诞生在英国，普及和形成的高潮在美国。其最早起源于12-13世纪的法国。1896年在雅典举行的第一届现代奥运会上，网球的男子单打与双打被列为正式比赛，后来，由于国际奥委会和国际网球联合会在“业余运动员”问题上有分歧，已经连续进行了7届的奥运会网球比赛项目被取消。直到1984年的洛杉矶奥运会上，网球才被列为奥运项目。1988年在汉城奥运会上，网球重新被列为正式比赛项目。\n网球最高级的组织机构为国际网球联合会，1913年在法国巴黎成立。中国的最高级组织机构为中国网球协会。1953年在北京成立。\n中文名\n网球\n外文名\nTennis\n类 别\n球类运动\n最高管理机构\n国际网球联合会\n主要赛事\n澳网、法网、温网、美网\n起源地\n法国\n起源时间\n12-13世纪\n代表人物\n李娜、小威廉姆斯、费德勒、纳达尔、德约科维奇\n \n网球项目历史\n\n请问网球运动起源于哪个国家？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！网球运动最早起源于12-13世纪的法国。后来在英国诞生，并在美国得到普及与高潮。如有其他问题，请随时问我。", + "output": "网球运动最早起源于12-13世纪的法国。后来在英国诞生，并在美国得到普及与高潮。如有其他问题，请随时问我。", "history": [] }, { @@ -282353,7 +282353,7 @@ "history": [ [ "方晓东中国内地男歌手、演员\n方晓东，2000年8月4日出生于湖北襄阳，声入人心第二季成员，中国内地新生代男歌手、演员。\n2020年，出演音乐剧《灵魂摆渡之永生》中夏冬青一角。\n2021年10月，主演的网剧《为你千千万万遍》播出。\n中文名\n方晓东\n国 籍\n中国\n出生地\n湖北襄阳\n出生日期\n2000年8月4日\n星 座\n狮子座\n身 高\n183 cm\n毕业院校\n武汉音乐学院音教学院(在读)\n职 业\n歌手、演员\n代表作品\n声入人心第二季、灵魂摆渡之永生、夏天的梦是什么颜色的呢、相信年轻的力量、为你千千万万遍\n \n方晓东早年经历 \n方晓东，声入人心第二季成员，就读于武汉音乐学院音教学院。\n方晓东演艺经历 \n2019年，参与声入人心第二季并在节目中演唱《乘着歌声的翅膀》\n；同年12月2日，参与声入人心第二季音乐会全国巡演长沙站演唱歌曲\n。2019年10月，和高杨、黄子弘凡合作单曲《夏天的梦是什么颜色的呢》；2019年11月18日，发行国漫IP《狐妖小红娘》尾生篇片尾曲《时之风》\n；2020年，演唱《斗破苍穹》动态漫片尾曲《伴言》；2020年6月27日，演唱狐妖小红娘5周年特别纪念主题曲《念念》\n。2020年9月30日，发布个人首次作词作曲的单曲《未知的地方》\n。参与录制单曲《声年快乐》、《时光是谁》，公益歌曲《相信年轻的力量》等\n。2020年，出演音乐剧《灵魂摆渡之永生》中夏冬青一角\n。2021年10月19日，主演的都市甜宠喜剧《我的恋人有点迷》在爱奇艺独家播出\n。2021年10月29日，主演的网剧《为你千千万万遍》播出，在剧中饰演男主角郑泽远\n。2022年7月，主演由钟震、张之微执导的古装喜剧《万市大吉》\n。\n方晓东主要作品 \n方晓东参演电视剧\n \n \n万市大吉2022\n导演钟震、张之微\n主演尹蕊、郝韵\n \n \n为你千千万万遍2021-10-29\n饰演郑泽远\n导演章漱凡、吴夏帆\n主演方晓东、张昕懿、李哲豪、王思懿、赵泽帆、李嘉祥\n \n \n我的恋人有点迷2021-10-19\n饰演时为\n导演何凯\n主演方晓东、曹斐然\n方晓东综艺节目\n播出时间\n节目名称\n简介\n2019-9-20\n湖南卫视声入人心第二季\n独唱《乘着歌声的翅膀》\n2019-7-14\n天天向上\n《声入人心》两季学员首次同台\n\n你好，请问方晓东是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human！方晓东出生于2000年8月4日。" + "方晓东出生于2000年8月4日。" ], [ "他来自哪里？并且他的毕业院校是哪里？", @@ -282533,7 +282533,7 @@ "history": [ [ "抗癫痫药物\n抗癫痫药物是指主要通过影响中枢神经元和提高正常脑组织的兴奋阈等来消除或减轻癫痫发作的药物。\n中文名\n抗癫痫药物\n外文名\nAntiepileptic drugs\n\n你好，我想了解一下抗癫痫药物，请你简单介绍一下抗癫痫药物是什么？", - "你好，Human！抗癫痫药物（Antiepileptic drugs）是用来治疗癫痫病的药物。它们的主要作用是通过影响中枢神经元和提高正常脑组织的兴奋阈值来消除或减轻癫痫发作。" + "抗癫痫药物（Antiepileptic drugs）是用来治疗癫痫病的药物。它们的主要作用是通过影响中枢神经元和提高正常脑组织的兴奋阈值来消除或减轻癫痫发作。" ], [ "请问抗癫痫药物有哪些种类呢？", @@ -282659,7 +282659,7 @@ "history": [ [ "盐\n盐（拼音：yán，yàn）是汉语通用规范一级汉字（常用字）\n。此字始见于战国金文，本义指食盐。食盐的化学成分是氯化钠，化学科学引入中国后，把金属离子或铵根离子与酸根离子或非金属离子所组成的化合物命名为“盐”。还可作姓。读yàn时指用盐腌。\n \n中文名\n盐\n拼 音\nyán，yàn\n部 首\n皿\n五 笔\nFHLF\n郑 码\nBILK\n字 级\n一级（1790）\n平水韵\n下平十四盐，去声二十九艳\n注音字母\nㄧㄢˊ，ㄧㄢˋ\n总笔画数\n5+5\n造字法\n形声字或会意字\n结 构\n合体字，上下结构\n四角码\n4310₂\n仓颉码\nGYBT\n统一码\n基本区 U+76D0\n繁体字\n鹽\n异体字\n塩、䀋、𪉩、𨣎、𪉟、𪉹、𤅸\n \n盐文字源流 \n战国“包山楚简”有字形作图1，有学者释为“盐”。从字形上看，上部为“卤”字，其字形一说像盛盐的容器，还有盐碱地的意思；下部为“皿”，应即牢盆、盐盘之类，是用以煮盐的工具。这一字形属会意字，本义是煮盐。图2是战国金文，在图1字形基础上加上了“水”。古代制盐通过煮咸水得来，这一字形可以说是煮咸水为盐的写照。战国秦系文字（图3）演化成形声结构，作从卤、监声，为篆文、隶书、楷书字形所相承。现代楷书改换了原字上的部件，繁体“盐”（图7）简化成“盐”。 \n盐详细释义 \n读音词性释义英译例句例词yán名词食盐，无机化合物，成分是氯化钠，是重要的调味剂。salt《周礼‧天官‧盐人》：“掌盐之政令，以共百事之盐。祭祀共其苦盐、散盐，宾客共其形盐、散盐，王之膳羞共饴盐。”盐商；井盐；海盐喻指雪snow宋·苏轼《雪后书北台壁》诗之一：“但觉衾裯如泼水，不知庭院已堆盐。”由金属离子（包括铵根离子）和酸根离子所组成的化合物的总称。salt正盐；复盐；酸式盐；碱式盐（Yán）姓氏用字。yàn动词用食盐腌制。《礼记‧内则》：“屑桂与姜，以洒诸上而盐之，乾而食之。”指被海水、盐水等淹、浸。宋·陆游《东窗小酌》诗：“蚕妾趁时争盐茧，农夫得雨正移秧。”通“艳”。羡慕。《礼记‧郊特牲》：“而流示之禽，而盐诸利，以观其不犯命也。”形容词通“艳”。美好。宋·尤袤《全唐诗话‧施肩吾》：“或云：关中人谓好为盐。”名词乐曲的引子，泛指乐曲。《古今词话‧词品》下引南朝陈智匠《古今乐录》：“大曲有艳，有趋，有乱，盐在曲前，趋与乱在曲后。”清·洪昇《长生殿‧闻乐》：“一枕游仙，曲终闻盐，付知音重翻检。” \n盐古籍释义 \n盐说文解字\n\n根据上面的内容，食盐是由哪些成分组成的？", - "你好，Human。根据上述信息，食盐是由氯化钠组成的，它是一种重要的调味剂，也是一种无机化合物。" + "根据上述信息，食盐是由氯化钠组成的，它是一种重要的调味剂，也是一种无机化合物。" ], [ "对于化学中的“盐”，它是由哪些离子组成的？", @@ -282903,7 +282903,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海鲜意面以意面、龙虾肉、虾仁为主料制作的菜品\n海鲜意面是一种食物，原料有龙虾肉、虾仁等。\n中文名\n海鲜意面\n分 类\n其他菜系\n口 味\n咸鲜味\n主要食材\n意面\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n海鲜意面原料 \n意面100克，龙虾肉20克，虾仁20克，墨鱼20克，三文鱼20克，青口20克，番茄沙司120毫升。橄榄油15毫升，蒜蓉10克，帕尔玛奶酪末2茶匙，欧芹末1茶匙，黑橄榄5个，绿橄榄5个。意面是西餐中比较容易制作，也是中国人在口感上最容易接受的品种。意面的口味有很多，海鲜意面则为其中一种。\n海鲜意面营养信息 \n热量：88.8大卡胆固醇：29.6毫克脂肪：9.8克钠：4.03毫克钾：3.9毫克钙：3.5毫克磷：0.8毫克\n海鲜意面装饰 \n罗勒叶。\n海鲜意面制法 \n意面用盐水煮8～10分钟，捞出用凉水冲透；炒锅内加入橄榄油烧热，煸香蒜蓉，加入所有的海鲜炒熟：加入番茄沙司，烧开后加入煮好的意面，加黑橄榄和绿橄榄翻炒，即可出锅装盘，撒上欧芹末和帕尔玛奶酪末，用罗勒叶作装饰即可。\n海鲜意面制作方法 \n主料：意大利面、青椒、虾仁、扇贝柱辅料：辣酱肉酱1. 葱蒜炝锅2. 放入辣椒肉酱翻炒3. 放入青椒翻炒4. 放入扇贝柱和虾仁同炒，放入盐料酒待扇贝柱和虾仁变颜色后即可出锅5. 煮意大利面6. 吃面。\n海鲜意面做法二 \n海鲜意面材料\n用料虾800克意大利面1碗辅料西红柿2个洋葱1个芹菜1根虾仁50克调料食盐3克橄榄油适量\n海鲜意面海鲜意面的做法\n海虾洗净跟冷水一起下锅，开大火煮煮开后撇去浮沫，再煮1-2分钟即可捞出，虾汤留着另有用处将捞出的虾控干水分后剥皮去虾线后待用将煮虾的汤过滤，去浮沫、渣子后倒另一个锅内大火煮开后，倒入一碗意面，1小勺盐，中火煮煮的中间要随时撇去浮沫煮至意面整体颜色变浅并稍通透，可以拿出一个尝尝，若没有硬硬的夹心就可以关火了将意面捞出，然后倒入少许的橄榄油，拌匀待用煮面的时候可以将番茄、芹菜、洋葱切好备用小火，锅中放入少许的橄榄油，再加入番茄翻炒大火炒至番茄出水软烂，加入洋葱翻炒数下再加入芹菜，此时要将火调小放入煮熟的意面，翻炒均匀加入虾仁再加入一点点盐(面已经有盐味了)，翻炒均匀即可关火\n海鲜意面烹饪技巧\n\n我看到了一道名为海鲜意面的菜品，可以帮我分析一下这道菜的最基本材料有哪些吗？", - "你好，Human！海鲜意面的基本材料包含意面、龙虾肉、虾仁。此外还有墨鱼、三文鱼和青口等海鲜，这些食材共同为这道菜提供了丰富的口感和营养价值。搭配番茄沙司、橄榄油、蒜蓉、帕尔玛奶酪末、欧芹末、黑橄榄和绿橄榄等调料，让海鲜意面味道更加美妙。" + "海鲜意面的基本材料包含意面、龙虾肉、虾仁。此外还有墨鱼、三文鱼和青口等海鲜，这些食材共同为这道菜提供了丰富的口感和营养价值。搭配番茄沙司、橄榄油、蒜蓉、帕尔玛奶酪末、欧芹末、黑橄榄和绿橄榄等调料，让海鲜意面味道更加美妙。" ], [ "能详细介绍一下这道菜的制作方法吗？", @@ -283323,11 +283323,11 @@ { "instruction": "非常感谢你的解答。", "input": "", - "output": "不用客气，Human！很高兴能帮助你解答问题。如果你有其他问题或者需要帮助，请随时告诉我！", + "output": "不用客气！很高兴能帮助你解答问题。如果你有其他问题或者需要帮助，请随时告诉我！", "history": [ [ "记事本\n记事本，在日常生活中指的是用来记录各类事情的小册子。在windows操作系统中，记事本是一个小的应用程序，采用一个简单的文本编辑器进行文字信息的记录和存储。自从1985年发布的Windows 1.0开始，所有的Microsoft Windows版本都内置这个软件。另外还有名为《记事本》的电影、歌曲。通常把写字的本子也叫记事本，以前称呼的笔记本，现在默认定义为手提电脑了。\n中文名\n记事本\n外文名\nNotepad\n \n记事本基本信息 \n \n合并图册(2张)\n 顾名思义，记事本\n原指用来记录各类事情的小册子。人类在没有发明文字时，常用绳索打结的方法来记录数字或事件，表达某种意思，用以传达信息。从原始社会绘画遗存中的网纹图、陶器上的绳纹和陶制网坠等实物可以看出，结绳记事（计数）是被原始先民广泛使用的记录方式之一。本册记事本分为多种，封面材料常用有真皮、仿皮PU、皮革、PP、布料及金属等多种。装订形式有：平装记事本，活页记事本，环装记事本，精装记事本。\n记事本软件概要\n\n你好，请告诉我记事本在日常生活和电脑上的定义和用途。", - "你好，Human！记事本在日常生活中是指用来记录各类事情的小册子，有时我们也称它为笔记本。在电脑上，特别是Windows操作系统中，记事本是一个简单的文本编辑器，用于记录和存储文字信息。它首次出现在1985年发布的Windows 1.0中，后来所有的Microsoft Windows版本都内置了这个软件。在日常生活中，人们可以用记事本记录待办事项、灵感、笔记等，而在电脑上的记事本则可以用来编写代码、草稿、储存临时信息等。" + "记事本在日常生活中是指用来记录各类事情的小册子，有时我们也称它为笔记本。在电脑上，特别是Windows操作系统中，记事本是一个简单的文本编辑器，用于记录和存储文字信息。它首次出现在1985年发布的Windows 1.0中，后来所有的Microsoft Windows版本都内置了这个软件。在日常生活中，人们可以用记事本记录待办事项、灵感、笔记等，而在电脑上的记事本则可以用来编写代码、草稿、储存临时信息等。" ], [ "能分享一下人类在没有发明文字前的记录方式吗？", @@ -284904,7 +284904,7 @@ "history": [ [ "现代生物进化理论达尔文自然选择学说\n达尔文自然选择学说的主要内容是：生物的繁殖能力很强，能够产生大量的后代，但是环境条件（如生存空间和食物）是有限的，因此，必然要有一部分个体被淘汰。\n中文名\n现代生物进化理论\n外文名\nThe theory of modern biological evolution\n \n现代生物进化理论由来 \n关于生物进化的原因，早在19世纪，生物学家们就提出了各种各样的理论，譬如，法国博物学家拉马克提出了动态化的存在之链、直线型的种系进化理论，但被人们普遍接受的是达尔文的自然选择学说。拉马克进化学说的要点：（1） 生物由古老生物进化而来的；（2） 由低等到高等逐渐进化的；（3） 生物各种适应性特征的形成是由于用进废退与获得性遗传。达尔文自然选择学说的主要内容是：生物的繁殖能力很强，能够产生大量的后代，但是环境条件(如生存空间和食物)是有限的，因此，必然要有一部分个体被淘汰。这是通过生存斗争来实现的。在自然界中，生物个体既能保持亲本的遗传性状，又会出现变异。出现有利变异的个体就容易在生存斗争中获胜，并将这些变异遗传下去；出现不利变异的个体则容易被淘汰。达尔文把这种：在生存斗争中，适者生存、不适者被淘汰的过程，叫做自然选择。经过长期的自然选择，微小的有利变异得到积累而成为显著的有利变异，从而产生了适应特定环境的生物新类型。达尔文的自然选择学说，能够科学地解释生物进化的原因，以及生物的多样性和适应性，对于人们正确地认识生物界具有重要意义。但是，由于受到当时科学发展水平的限制，对于遗传和变异的本质以及自然选择如何对可遗传的变异起作用、生物大爆炸等问题，达尔文还不能做出科学的解释。后来，随着遗传学和生态学等学科的发展，人们对生物进化理论的研究才得以不断深入。到20世纪30年代，关于生物进化过程中遗传和变异的研究，已经从性状水平深入到分子水平，如通过研究不同生物体内的某种蛋白质或核酸分子的结构，来确定这些生物间的亲缘关系。关于自然选择的作用等问题的研究，已经从以生物个体为单位发展到以种群为基本单位。这样就形成了以自然选择学说为基础的现代生物进化理论，从而极大地丰富和发展了达尔文的自然选择学说。\n现代生物进化理论内容\n\n你好，请问你能给我简要介绍一下现代生物进化理论吗？", - "你好，Human！现代生物进化理论是基于达尔文的自然选择学说发展起来的。它关注生物个体的繁殖能力，环境条件对生物的影响以及生物间的生存斗争。通过自然选择，在生存斗争中适者生存，不适者被淘汰，从而使有利的变异得到积累，形成适应特定环境的新生物类型。现代生物进化理论结合了遗传学、生态学等科学知识，使生物进化研究的范畴不断扩展，对生物间的关系、原因和适应性进行更深入的探讨。" + "现代生物进化理论是基于达尔文的自然选择学说发展起来的。它关注生物个体的繁殖能力，环境条件对生物的影响以及生物间的生存斗争。通过自然选择，在生存斗争中适者生存，不适者被淘汰，从而使有利的变异得到积累，形成适应特定环境的新生物类型。现代生物进化理论结合了遗传学、生态学等科学知识，使生物进化研究的范畴不断扩展，对生物间的关系、原因和适应性进行更深入的探讨。" ], [ "能否详细解释一下达尔文的自然选择学说？", @@ -284946,7 +284946,7 @@ "history": [ [ "毒苹果邓紫棋演唱歌曲\n《毒苹果》是由邓紫棋作词，邓紫棋与Lupo Groinig作曲，邓紫棋演唱的歌曲，该曲于2018年10月26日发行，收录在邓紫棋发行的同名EP《毒苹果》中。\n中文名\n毒苹果\n所属专辑\n毒苹果\n歌曲时长\n0时04分11秒\n歌曲原唱\n邓紫棋\n填 词\n邓紫棋\n谱 曲\n邓紫棋\n、Lupo Groinig\n编 曲\nLupo Groinig\n音乐风格\n流行\n发行日期\n2018年10月26日\n歌曲语言\n中文\n \n毒苹果基本信息 \n毒苹果 - G.E.M. 邓紫棋 (Gem Tang)词：G.E.M. 邓紫棋曲：G.E.M. 邓紫棋/ Lupo Groinig编曲：Lupo Groinig监制：Lupo Groinig\n毒苹果歌曲歌词 \n我望着镜子 是你长年的影子空洞的对视 写着失望两个字你的爱带着控制幽默也带着讽刺像木偶忘了认知我怕事 你放肆我要为了我 挣脱 吐掉你的毒苹果曾对你沉默 被迫 咽下谎言的糖果谢谢你逼我 不怯懦 不闪躲从今以后为自己而活你就别怪我 冷漠 吐掉你的毒苹果你额上的眼 对一切视而不见但直接一点 你不等于全世界曾经为宁人息事睁一只眼闭一只曾对你忘我无私是时候 该停止我要为了我 挣脱 吐掉你的毒苹果曾对你沉默 被迫 咽下谎言的糖果谢谢你逼我 不怯懦 不闪躲从今以后为自己而活你就别怪我 冷漠 吐掉你的毒苹果曾经我 害怕离开舒适圈害怕你不在身边纵容你一遍一遍如今我 决定离开舒适圈决不臣服你跟前忘掉你一点一点我要为了我 挣脱 吐掉你的毒苹果曾对你沉默 被迫 咽下谎言的糖果谢谢你逼我 不怯懦 不闪躲从今以后为自己而活你就别怪我 冷漠 吐掉你的毒苹果你成就了我 成为 勇敢的我再没有什么 能够 绑着我谢谢你逼我 不怯懦 不闪躲在你阴影魔障之下复活你就别怪我 冷漠 吐掉你的毒苹果\n\n你好，请问歌曲《毒苹果》是由哪位歌手演唱的，并且它的发行时间是什么时候？", - "你好，Human！歌曲《毒苹果》是由邓紫棋（G.E.M.）演唱的。这首歌曲于2018年10月26日发行。我希望这个信息能解答您的问题。" + "歌曲《毒苹果》是由邓紫棋（G.E.M.）演唱的。这首歌曲于2018年10月26日发行。我希望这个信息能解答您的问题。" ], [ "非常感谢！那么关于这首歌曲的创建过程，谁负责作词、作曲和编曲呢？", @@ -285690,7 +285690,7 @@ "history": [ [ "莫辞昏昏睡创作的网络小说\n《莫辞》是昏昏睡创作的网络小说，发表于晋江文学网。\n中文名\n莫辞\n作 者\n昏昏睡\n类 型\n言情\n连载平台\n晋江文学网\n \n作品简介莫词相信，表面再正经的乖乖女也一定会深夜里躺在床上暗暗肖想某个人，设计情节，组织对白，推动故事发展。每个女性都是天生的剧作家。莫辞只是其中再正常不过的一员。只是未经作者许可，作品公之于众，抗打击能力低下的她只好逃避，走上了一条不同于预想的路。她需要很多的运气和很长的时光，才可以慢慢褪去自卑和戾气，像个平常姑娘一样放情哭笑，才可以坦然地面对重逢 ，面对他。\n\n你好，我想了解一下昏昏睡的网络小说《莫辞》。请问这部小说的主要内容和主题是什么？", - "你好，Human！《莫辞》讲述的是关于主人公莫辞的故事。她相信每个女性都是天生的剧作家，会深夜里躺在床上暗暗想象某个人，设计情节，组织对白，推动故事发展。但由于她的作品未经许可被公之于众，她选择了逃避，并走上了与预想不同的道路。这部小说主题涉及到自卑、逃避、成长和勇敢面对，描绘了主人公如何在面临困境时慢慢摆脱自卑和戾气，最终学会如何勇敢地面对重逢和喜欢的人。" + "《莫辞》讲述的是关于主人公莫辞的故事。她相信每个女性都是天生的剧作家，会深夜里躺在床上暗暗想象某个人，设计情节，组织对白，推动故事发展。但由于她的作品未经许可被公之于众，她选择了逃避，并走上了与预想不同的道路。这部小说主题涉及到自卑、逃避、成长和勇敢面对，描绘了主人公如何在面临困境时慢慢摆脱自卑和戾气，最终学会如何勇敢地面对重逢和喜欢的人。" ], [ "这部小说的作者是谁，请告诉我一些关于作者的信息？", @@ -287101,7 +287101,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沈阳医大二院三级甲等医院\n沈阳医大二院即盛京医院，是中国医科大学附属第二医院，是一所现代化的大型综合性、数字化教学医院。\n中文名\n沈阳医大二院\n地理位置\n中国辽宁省沈阳市\n医院等级\n三级甲等\n医院类型\n综合医院\n \n沈阳医大二院科室设置 \n内科第一呼吸内科病房 第二呼吸内科病房 第一消化内科病房第二消化内科病房 第一心血管内科病房 第二心血管内科病房第三心血管内科病房 心功能科 血液内科血液研究室 肾脏内科 血液净化室第一内分泌科病房 第二内分泌科病房 风湿免疫科外科胰腺、甲状腺外科病房 胆道、血管、整形美容外科病房 胃肠、营养外科病房结直肠肿瘤外科病房 肝胆脾外科病房 胆道、疝、减肥外科病房乳腺外科病房 结直肠、肛门外科病房 第一神经外科病房第二神经外科病房 第一骨科 脊柱、关节骨科病房 第二骨科 脊柱、创伤骨科病房第三骨科 手足踝外科病房 第一泌尿外科病房 第二泌尿外科病房体外碎石室 胸外科病房 心脏外科病房医疗整形美容科妇产科第一妇科病房 第二妇科病房 第三妇科病房第四妇科病房 妇科盆底疾病病房 妇科肿瘤病房第一微创妇科、计划生育病房 第二微创妇科病房 第一产科病房第二产科病房 第三产科病房 辅助生殖中心小儿内科第一新生儿内科病房 第二新生儿内科病房 小儿消化科小儿呼吸内科病房 小儿心脏病科 小儿肾病科 小儿免疫科小儿血液病科 小儿神经病科 小儿急诊急救内科小儿外科小儿普通外科、胸外科病房 小儿骨科病房 小儿泌尿外科病房新生儿外科发育儿科眼科耳鼻咽喉科口腔科皮肤科神经内科第一神经内科病房 第二神经内科病房 第三神经内科病房神经功能检查室心理门诊感染科第一感染性疾病、肝病病房 第二感染性疾病、肝病病房 第三感染性疾病、肝病病房肿瘤科第一肿瘤科病房 第二肿瘤科病房 放射治疗中心急诊科康复医学中心宁养病房麻醉科麻醉一科 麻醉二科疼痛病房重症监护病房检验科病理科放射科介入病房超声科中医科老年病科药学部输血科内窥镜诊治中心消化内镜治疗病房血液病治疗中心血液内科 小儿血液内科 血液研究室社区服务部初级卫生保健站体检中心临床遗传科\n沈阳医大二院医院地址 \n医大二院代售点\n南湖院区：辽宁省沈阳市和平区三好街36号滑翔院区： 辽宁省沈阳市铁西区滑翔路39号\n\n你好，请问沈阳医大二院是个怎样的医院？", - "你好，Human。沈阳医大二院，即盛京医院，是中国医科大学附属的第二医院。该医院为三级甲等、现代化的大型综合性、数字化教学医院。位于中国辽宁省沈阳市，有两个院区，南湖院区位于沈阳市和平区三好街36号，滑翔院区位于沈阳市铁西区滑翔路39号。这所医院设有许多科室，内科、外科、妇产科、小儿内科、小儿外科等等。" + "沈阳医大二院，即盛京医院，是中国医科大学附属的第二医院。该医院为三级甲等、现代化的大型综合性、数字化教学医院。位于中国辽宁省沈阳市，有两个院区，南湖院区位于沈阳市和平区三好街36号，滑翔院区位于沈阳市铁西区滑翔路39号。这所医院设有许多科室，内科、外科、妇产科、小儿内科、小儿外科等等。" ], [ "这家医院主要有哪些特色科室？", @@ -287170,7 +287170,7 @@ "history": [ [ "胡佳厦门大学教授\n教授，硕士生导师，系主任 。1983年获学士学位（四川外语学院法德语系） 1991年获硕士学位（DEA，法国巴黎第三大学FLE“语言与文化教学法”方向） 2002-2003年为国家留学基金访问学者（法国普罗旺斯大学语言学系） 1983年起从事法语教学工作。主要担任法译汉、汉译法、法语词汇学、旅游法语、应用法语等本科课程及言语交际学等研究生课程教学。 研究方向 ：法国语言文化、法语教学及应用。\n中文名\n胡佳\n外文名\nHujia\n毕业院校\n四川外语学院\n职 业\n教师\n研究方向\n法国语言文化\n职 称\n教授\n \n胡佳论文发表 \n论文名称 刊物名称 发表时间 陈述语言学在法国的研究与进展 东南学术 2010年05月 国外语用学发展轨迹的历史考察 学理论 2010年05月 法国综合大学“学士文凭成功计划”述评 高教探索 2009年05月 法国综合大学面临的困境及应对战略 中国高等教育 2008年10月 论大学旅游外语课程教学改革 厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）教学研究专辑 2008年07月 2007年法国综合大学改革述评 高等教育研究 2008年03月 法语手机短信的语言学特征 法国研究 2007年10月 法国高教改革的思变与举措 中国教育导刊 2006年08月 法语专业成功试行“3+1”培养模式的思考 厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）教学论文专辑 2003年06月 用爱心育人 以责任心教书 厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）教书育人论文专辑 2001年09月 法语新型复合词结构中的零词素 外语与外语教学 1999年12月 法国高校外语师资的培养模式 外国教育研究 1998年12月 普通法汉词典新增文化义项的参考原则和模式 辞书研究 1998年06月 英法语言对比教学的应用 四川外语学院学报 1998年03月 法语行囊词研究——形态及语义辨析 外语研究 1997年06月 《法汉词典》语义描写的两个问题 辞书研究 1996年08月 法语共有文化载体词的几个基本特征 四川外语学院学报 1995年06月\n胡佳著作出版\n\n请问胡佳教授的主要研究方向是什么？", - "你好，Human。胡佳教授的主要研究方向是法国语言文化、法语教学及应用。他在这些领域拥有丰富的研究成果和教育背景，这使得他在法语教学和研究领域具有很高的声望。" + "胡佳教授的主要研究方向是法国语言文化、法语教学及应用。他在这些领域拥有丰富的研究成果和教育背景，这使得他在法语教学和研究领域具有很高的声望。" ], [ "胡佳教授的毕业院校及学位分别是什么？", @@ -287298,7 +287298,7 @@ "history": [ [ "禁片\n禁片是指禁止任何途径传播的影片或影视作品。禁片是指被禁止的影片或影视作品。世界十大禁片包括：《我唾弃你的坟墓》、《切肤之爱》、《杀人不分左右》、《魔法圣婴》、《感官世界》《罗马帝国艳情史》、《迷上瘾》，《不可撤销》、《下水道的美人鱼》、《索多玛120天》。\n中文名\n禁片\n外文名\nban\n类 型\n剧情\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\n十部电影\n我唾弃你的坟墓、切肤之爱、\n.\n魔法圣婴、杀人不分左右\n \n禁片目录 \n《冬春的日子》《黄金鱼》《蓝风筝》《北京杂种》《儿子》《悬恋》《极度寒冷》《广场》《活着》《飞呀飞》《米》《爸爸》《东宫西宫》《邮差》《方便面时代》《迷岸》《小武》《处女作》《律师》[中国电影]《赵先生》《谁见过野生动物的节日》《纸》《都市天堂》《苏州河》《鬼子来了》《男男女女》《诗意的年代》《十七岁的单车》《动词变位》《站台》《海鲜》《安阳婴儿》《旧约》《象与鱼》《丑角登场》《哭泣的女人》《任逍遥》《心心》《陈默与美婷》《陌生天堂》《山清水秀》《无人区》《天浴》\n禁片中国禁片\n\n我看了关于禁片的一些信息，世界十大禁片包括《我唾弃你的坟墓》、《切肤之爱》等，能给我介绍一下《魔法圣婴》这部电影吗？", - "你好，Human！很高兴能帮助你。《魔法圣婴》是一部受到争议的电影，其内容可能包含具有挑战性的、极端的或不合适的元素，因此被列入世界十大禁片之一。然而，作为一个聊天机器人，我不推荐讨论此类具有争议的内容。如果你对其他类型的电影感兴趣，我会很高兴为你推荐并讨论。谢谢你的理解！" + "很高兴能帮助你。《魔法圣婴》是一部受到争议的电影，其内容可能包含具有挑战性的、极端的或不合适的元素，因此被列入世界十大禁片之一。然而，作为一个聊天机器人，我不推荐讨论此类具有争议的内容。如果你对其他类型的电影感兴趣，我会很高兴为你推荐并讨论。谢谢你的理解！" ], [ "好的，谢谢你。那么，在中国有哪些经典的禁片呢？", @@ -287500,7 +287500,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鸢尾花\n《鸢尾花》书是2016年九州出版社出版的图书，作者梵树，讲述了本书是一本90后书写的青春校园小说。\n书 名\n鸢尾花\n作 者\n梵树\n出版社\n九州出版社\n出版时间\n2016年10月\nISBN\n9787510846380\n \n鸢尾花内容简介 \n故事讲述了良君在书店认识了女孩诗涵，他本以为自己将会介入这段爱情之中，但在他迟疑和困惑的时候，诗涵和他最好的朋友唐辰走到一起……他暗自度过了这段灰暗而凄迷的时光，每天借以写作和画画来麻痹隐藏在内心的痛苦。后来，直到诗涵重新审视了这份感情，她觉得这是错误的开始。出于前途无望和感情陷入困境之中的唐辰，最终结束了自己的生命，以死告终。良君带着亏欠与诗涵度过了最后的校园时光，直到毕业，他背负着种种困惑和不安离开，向过去告别。在僵硬而黯然的现实生活中打拼，理想与现实的落差时常让他感到绝望，唯独他拾起那段美好的记忆，仿佛又寻获到新的希望。\n鸢尾花图书目录 \n序/001梦/001诗与空白/008时光树/048南方旅人/091飞鸟/122一个人的城市/145深海未眠/157\n鸢尾花作者简介 \n梵树，原名宋君山。生于湖北，80后，摄影师，平面设计师。毕业后曾在上海和广州工作过。一个把时间浪费在旅途和写作上面的人。2015年，独自前往西藏，尼泊尔，印度，完成内心的期愿。在工作的同时坚持写作，始终把写作视为与自己对话的法门。\n\n《鸢尾花》这本书的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human! 《鸢尾花》这本书的作者是梵树，原名宋君山。梵树是一位80后的摄影师和平面设计师，他致力于摄影、平面设计和写作。" + "《鸢尾花》这本书的作者是梵树，原名宋君山。梵树是一位80后的摄影师和平面设计师，他致力于摄影、平面设计和写作。" ], [ "这本书是关于什么的？", @@ -287895,7 +287895,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黑魔法防御课《哈利·波特》中的课程\n黑魔法防御课（）主要教授学生抵抗各式黑魔法及危险生物——例如：吸血鬼、狼人、黑妖精等魔法生物的课程。\n中文名\n黑魔法防御课\n外文名\nDefence Against the Dark Arts\n简 称\nDADA\n出 处\n《哈利·波特》\n主要教师\n奇洛；卢平；汉穆迪；斯内普\n \n黑魔法防御课课程内容 \n学习如何应对邪恶的黑魔法魔咒及邪恶的生物，是霍格沃茨最受欢迎的课程之一。\n黑魔法防御课任职教师 \n故事发生期间所任教过的教师：第一年（第1部）：奎里纳斯·奇洛(quriell)第二年（第2部）：吉德罗·洛哈特(gilderoy lockhart)第三年（第3部）：莱姆斯·卢平(remus lupin)\n第四年（第4部）：疯眼汉穆迪（实际上是小巴蒂·克劳奇）(alaster moody)第五年（第5部）：多洛雷斯·乌姆里奇第六年（第6部）：西弗勒斯·斯内普（亦是斯莱特林的学院导师，在去职黑魔法防御术教授后，斯莱特林院长由斯拉格霍恩教授接任）第七年（第7部）：阿米库斯·卡罗（食死徒，科目被改成黑魔法）故事发生前出现过的任教教师：梅乐思教授（伏地魔学生时代的教授）19年后：哈利·波特（详见《哈利·波特与死亡圣器》）\n黑魔法防御课主要书籍 \n《黑暗力量:自卫指南》——昆丁·特林布著《魔法防御理论》——威尔伯特·斯林卡著《与女鬼决裂》《与食尸鬼同游》《与母夜叉一起度假》《与巨怪同行》《与吸血鬼同船旅行》《与狼人一起流浪》《与西藏雪人在一起的一年》——吉德罗·洛哈特著内容：学习如何应对邪恶的黑魔法魔咒及邪恶的生物是霍格沃茨最受欢迎的课程，也是师生中传言被诅咒的课程。\n黑魔法防御课主要咒语\n\n哈喽，请问你了解《哈利·波特》中的黑魔法防御课吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解《哈利·波特》中的黑魔法防御课，这门课程主要教授学生抵抗各式黑魔法和危险生物，如吸血鬼、狼人、黑妖精等魔法生物。此课程在霍格沃茨非常受欢迎。如果你有任何关于该课程的问题，请随时提问。" + "我了解《哈利·波特》中的黑魔法防御课，这门课程主要教授学生抵抗各式黑魔法和危险生物，如吸血鬼、狼人、黑妖精等魔法生物。此课程在霍格沃茨非常受欢迎。如果你有任何关于该课程的问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "请问在故事发生期间，这门课程的任职教师都有哪些？", @@ -288338,7 +288338,7 @@ "history": [ [ "象牙戒指\n《象牙戒指》是2009年10月1日江苏文艺出版社出版的图书，作者是庐隐。\n本书主要讲述了北京的一个女大学生张沁珠和曹子卿的悲剧故事。\n书 名\n象牙戒指\n作 者\n庐隐\n出版社\n江苏文艺出版社\n出版时间\n2009年10月1日\n定 价\n18 元\n开 本\n大32开\nISBN\n9787539932583\n \n象牙戒指内容简介 \n《象牙戒指》主要内容包括：象牙戒指、一个著作家、一封信、两个小学生、灵魂可以卖么?或人的悲哀、海滨故人等等。其中《象牙戒指》 这部是庐隐写的小说，就石评梅和高君宇为原型写成的故事，字字滴血。写北京的一个女大学生张沁珠和曹子卿的悲剧。张因五四的影响，追求自由恋爱。但是却遭遇有妇之夫的欺骗，被始乱终弃，让张心里忧伤万分，她憎恨世界。后来有一个思想觉悟高，有才华的革命者曹子卿爱上她，但她伤痛的心不能理解曹对她的感情，漠然拒绝了他。让如火花之光的生命像彗星一样消逝，曹在临死前再向张表白，张才明白她错失了一段美好的爱情，辜负了曹对她的深情。她把所有情感放在已死的曹身上，用曹送她的象牙戒指套住了自己的一生。\n象牙戒指目录 \n象牙戒指一个著作家一封信两个小学生灵魂可以卖么?或人的悲哀海滨故人西窗风雨一幕风欺雪虐曼丽胜利以后\n\n你好，请问《象牙戒指》这本书是什么时候出版的？", - "你好，Human，《象牙戒指》这本书是2009年10月1日由江苏文艺出版社出版的。" + "《象牙戒指》这本书是2009年10月1日由江苏文艺出版社出版的。" ], [ "能给我详细介绍一下这本书的核心内容吗？", @@ -288651,7 +288651,7 @@ "history": [ [ "暖阳\n《暖阳》是2012年8月中国文化出版社出版的图书，作者是周葆亮。是一部由作家周葆亮先生所著的描述国家电网员工勇于承担社会责任的作品。\n书 名\n暖阳\n作 者\n周葆亮\n出版社\n中国文化出版社\n出版时间\n2012年8月\n定 价\n25 元\n开 本\n32 开\n字 数\n120千字\n \n暖阳内容简介 \n《暖阳》是一部由作家周葆亮先生所著的描述国家电网员工勇于承担社会责任的作品。小说以国家电网青年员工杨正奇和医生赵雪梅的爱情故事为主线，围绕国家电网员工勇于承担社会责任，在抗冰抢险、抗震救灾、奥运保电等一系列事件，展开了当代国家电网人乐于奉献、顽强拼搏的生活画卷。奉献与自利激烈碰撞，正义与邪恶殊死较量，歌颂了真善梅，抨击了假丑恶！是国家电网公司系统推出的首部电力题材长篇小说。本书于2012年8月由中国文化出版社出版\n。\n暖阳序言\n\n请问这本名为《暖阳》的书是什么内容？", - "你好，Human。《暖阳》是一部由作家周葆亮先生所著的描述国家电网员工勇于承担社会责任的作品。这部小说以国家电网青年员工杨正奇和医生赵雪梅的爱情故事为主线，围绕国家电网员工在抗冰抢险、抗震救灾、奥运保电等一系列事件中勇于承担社会责任，展开了当代国家电网人乐于奉献、顽强拼搏的生活画卷。这是一部歌颂真善美、抨击假丑恶的作品，也是国家电网公司系统推出的首部电力题材长篇小说。" + "《暖阳》是一部由作家周葆亮先生所著的描述国家电网员工勇于承担社会责任的作品。这部小说以国家电网青年员工杨正奇和医生赵雪梅的爱情故事为主线，围绕国家电网员工在抗冰抢险、抗震救灾、奥运保电等一系列事件中勇于承担社会责任，展开了当代国家电网人乐于奉献、顽强拼搏的生活画卷。这是一部歌颂真善美、抨击假丑恶的作品，也是国家电网公司系统推出的首部电力题材长篇小说。" ], [ "这本书是什么时候出版的？", @@ -288983,7 +288983,7 @@ "history": [ [ "突发奇想\n《突发奇想》是蔡淳佳演唱的一首歌曲，收录在专辑《日出》当中。\n中文名\n突发奇想\n演唱者\n蔡淳佳\n所属专辑\n陪我看日出\n发行时间\n2004年09月\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n突发奇想基本信息 \n作词：詹辉振作曲：蔡立章发行年代：2004\n突发奇想歌词 \n有很多话没说有很多事没做有很多时候你走后我不知所措有很多时间沉默有很多日子要过有很多时候你走后我寂寞太多突然有点突发奇想你是不是也和我一样对着同一片夜空喝酒想你在身旁突然有点胡思乱想你我的故事结局会怎样是不是有一天我停住了你依旧会飞向远方是不是有一天我停住了你依旧会留在身旁\n\n请问《突发奇想》这首歌是谁演唱的？", - "你好，Human！《突发奇想》这首歌曲是由蔡淳佳演唱的。请问还有什么问题我可以帮助您解答？" + "《突发奇想》这首歌曲是由蔡淳佳演唱的。请问还有什么问题我可以帮助您解答？" ], [ "请问这首歌收录在哪张专辑里？发行时间是什么时候？", @@ -289233,7 +289233,7 @@ "history": [ [ "散弹枪短射程武器\n散弹枪其实是一种短射程武器，原因是散弹所爆发出的铅珠群在抛射过程里，散布面随着距离增加而迅速扩大，以致当超出25米范围外时，准确度已不足以击中一个人形大小标靶。在实战里，这意味着铅珠误中旁人的机会便大大提高。\n中文名\n散弹枪\n外文名\nShotgun\n\n我了解了散弹枪是一种短射程武器，你能给我详细介绍一下它的原理吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。散弹枪的原理是通过发射一束铅珠群来攻击目标。一旦你扣动扳机，火药在枪膛内点燃并产生高压气体，将铅珠群推出枪口。然后铅珠群会在空中迅速扩散，增加命中面积。但是，随着距离的增加，铅珠群散布面积也在增大，所以当超过25米时，准确度大大降低，影响了散弹枪的有效作战距离。因此散弹枪被归类为短射程武器。" + "当然可以。散弹枪的原理是通过发射一束铅珠群来攻击目标。一旦你扣动扳机，火药在枪膛内点燃并产生高压气体，将铅珠群推出枪口。然后铅珠群会在空中迅速扩散，增加命中面积。但是，随着距离的增加，铅珠群散布面积也在增大，所以当超过25米时，准确度大大降低，影响了散弹枪的有效作战距离。因此散弹枪被归类为短射程武器。" ], [ "我明白了，那在实战中，散弹枪的主要优势是什么？", @@ -289638,7 +289638,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马拉松报名马拉松报名是跑跑网旗下的一款赛事报名平台\n于2015年3月上线，是集马拉松比赛报名、参与型体育票务、运动社区、跑友赛事评分等为一体的运动健康APP。马拉松报名为各大马拉松赛事提供一整套 高效，便捷，稳定的专业跑友报名系统APP，微信公众号，PC网站。与国内外各大马拉松赛均保持长期的合作，同时也是AIMS国际马拉松及公路跑协会官方合作伙伴，AIMS官方指定APP。打造从报名到完赛一站式马拉松跑友服务平台，让马拉松跑步成为一种时尚。\n软件名称\n马拉松报名\n软件平台\niOS\nAndroid\n上线时间\n2015年10月22日\n最近更新时间\n2021年3月10日\n软件语言\n简体中文\n开发商\n杭州跑跑网络科技有限公司\n软件版本\nV2.8.8\n软件大小\n31.13 MB\n软件类型\n健康运动\n \n马拉松报名基本信息 \n马拉松报名是一款运动健康生活平台类APP。是集马拉松比赛报名、马拉松资讯、赛事导航、赛事日历提醒、运动社区、跑友赛事评分等功能为一体的马拉松赛事服务平台。 是北京马拉松 、武汉马拉松、广州马拉松 、成都马拉松等国内外赛事官方指定合作平台。\n马拉松报名主要功能 \n赛事报名报名提供一站式马拉松报名服务，合作赛事有北京马拉松、厦门马拉松、上海马拉松、杭州马拉松、宁波马拉松，西昌马拉松、衡水湖马拉松、盘锦马拉松、长城马拉松、临沂马拉松等，是中国官方合作的专业马拉松报名软件\n马拉松日历各大赛事时间表一览无余，让你不会错过任何一场马拉松赛事。\n全球赛事汇总了马拉松全球各大赛事信息，让你亲启跑马之旅，各大赛事信息早知道\n跑跑资讯汇聚最全面的马拉松信息，只有你不想知道的没有你搜索不到的\n赛事导航支持定位导航功能，让你可以第一时间知道相关赛事地点\n马拉松报名发展历程 \n2015年10月，马拉松报名发布1.0版本。\n2016年5月，马拉松报名成为西昌马拉松，衡水湖马拉松，盘锦马拉松，长城马拉松，临沂马拉松等赛事指定报名合作APP。\n2016年12月，马拉松报名增加赛事日历提醒，各大赛事时间表一览无余，让你不会错过任何一场马拉松赛事。\n2017年3月，马拉松报名成为AIMS国际马拉松及公路跑协会官方合作伙伴。\n2017年10月，马拉松报名上线多人团体马拉松报名功能。\n2018年7月，马拉松报名接入海尔斯商城，开启全新带货模式。\n2018年6月，马拉松报名增添赛事新闻资讯模块，第一手体育新闻资讯，伴你征战每场马拉松。\n\n我看到马拉松报名是一个专业的报名系统，它可以报名哪些马拉松比赛呢？", - "你好，Human！马拉松报名是一个专业的马拉松赛事报名平台。它合作的赛事包括北京马拉松、厦门马拉松、上海马拉松、杭州马拉松、宁波马拉松、西昌马拉松、衡水湖马拉松、盘锦马拉松、长城马拉松、临沂马拉松等。除此之外，因为它是AIMS国际马拉松及公路跑协会官方合作伙伴，所以还能接入国际比赛的报名。请注意，所提供的赛事可能会有所更新，您可以在使用该APP时获取最新的赛事信息。" + "马拉松报名是一个专业的马拉松赛事报名平台。它合作的赛事包括北京马拉松、厦门马拉松、上海马拉松、杭州马拉松、宁波马拉松、西昌马拉松、衡水湖马拉松、盘锦马拉松、长城马拉松、临沂马拉松等。除此之外，因为它是AIMS国际马拉松及公路跑协会官方合作伙伴，所以还能接入国际比赛的报名。请注意，所提供的赛事可能会有所更新，您可以在使用该APP时获取最新的赛事信息。" ], [ "听起来挺全面的，这个APP还有哪些相关功能？", @@ -289676,7 +289676,7 @@ "history": [ [ "印章\n印章，用作印于文件上表示鉴定或签署的文具，一般印章都会先沾上颜料再印上，不沾颜料、印上平面后会呈现凹凸的称为钢印，有些是印于蜡或火漆上、信封上的蜡印。制作材质有 玉石、金属、木头、石头等。印章是中国传统文化的代表之一。\n中文名\n印章\n制作材质\n金属、木头、石头\n荣 誉\n中国传统文化的代表之一\n作 用\n用作印于文件上表示或签署的文具\n \n同义词\n印玺（印章）一般指印章（用作印于文件上表示鉴定或签署的文具）\n \n印章起源 \n拼音：yìn zhāng中国的雕刻文字，最古老的有殷的甲骨文，周的钟鼎文，秦的刻石等，凡在金铜玉石等素材上雕刻的文字通称“金石”。玺印即包括在“金石”里。玺印的起源或说商代，或说殷代，至今尚无定论。根据遗物和历史记载，至少在春秋战国时已出现，战国时代已普遍使用。起初只是作为商业上交流货物时的凭证。秦始皇统一中国后，印章范围扩大为证明当权者权益的法物，为当权者掌握，作为统治人民的工具。战国时期，主张合纵的名相苏秦佩戴过六国相印。近几年来，出土的文物又把印章的历史向前推进了数百年。也就是说，印章在周朝时就有了。传世的古代玺印，多数出于古城废墟、河流和古墓中。有的是战争中战败者流亡时所遗弃，也有在战争中殉职者遗弃在战场上的，而当时的惯例，凡在战场上虏获的印章必须上交，而官吏迁职、死后也须脱解印绶上交。其它有不少如官职连姓名的，以及吉语印、肖形印等一般是殉葬之物，而不是实品。其它在战国时代的陶器和标准量器上，以及有些诸侯国的金币上，都用印章盖上名称和记录上制造工匠的名姓或图记性质的符号，也被流传下来。古玺是先秦印章的通称。我们现在所能看到的一般最早的印章大多是战国古玺。印文笔画细如毫发，都出于铸造。白文古玺大多加边栏，或在中间加一竖界格，文字有铸有凿。官玺的印文内容有“司马”、“司徒”等名称外，还有各种不规则的形状，内容还刻有吉语和生动的物图案。朱文古玺大多加边栏，或在中间加一竖界格，文字有铸有凿。\n印章发展历史 \n印章前言\n走过你征我伐、割据政权多如牛毛的南北朝，历史终于又一次挣脱窄狭的瓶颈，豁然开朗。但古代印章艺术并未随历史的前进而再度辉煌。以典淳平正的缪篆为基础的秦汉印风在劲吹印坛800年后，终于退出历史舞台，九叠文主宰了公印，公印也因之丧失了管领印艺风骚的地位，几百年在实用道路上机械盘曲，终为明清兴起的文人篆刻的光焰所掩盖。\n印章隋唐印章\n\n我想请教你一些关于印章的问题，可以吗？", - "你好，Human！关于印章的问题我很乐意帮助你解答，请问你想了解哪些方面的内容？" + "关于印章的问题我很乐意帮助你解答，请问你想了解哪些方面的内容？" ], [ "请问印章的起源可以追溯到哪个时期？", @@ -289904,7 +289904,7 @@ "history": [ [ "教师用书北京师范大学出版社出版的图书\n教师用书是针对老师而出版的一种图书，由北京师范大学出版社出版，此书共有两类。\n中文名\n教师用书\n书 类\n2类\n代 表\n走进新课程与实施者对话\n对 象\n老师\n \n教师用书教师用书第一类 \n1走进新课程丛书 全日制义务教育课程标准(实验稿) 北京师范大学出版社2走进新课程与实施者对话 北京师范大学出版社3新课程教学问题与解决丛书 新课程说课、听课与评课 教育科学出版社4普通高中课程方案(实验) 人民教育出版社5新课程教学问题与解决丛书 新课程教学评价方法与设计 教育科学出版社6新课程教学问题与解决丛书 新课程教学现场与教学细节 教育科学出版社7新课程教学问题与解决丛书 新课程备课新思维 教育科学出版社8新课程教学问题与解决丛书 新课程教学组织策略与技术 教育科学出版社9走进新课程丛书全日制义务教育课程标准解读(实验稿) 北京师范大学出版社、湖北教育出版社10新课程理念与课堂教学实施丛书 首都师范大学出版社\n教师用书教师用书第二类 \n1世纪之交中国基础教育改革研究丛书 重建学校精神家园 教育科学出版社2当代德育新理论丛书幸福教育论 人民教育出版社3青少年价值观教育研究 广东教育出版社4给教师的建议 教育科学出版社5新教育之梦 人民教育出版社6多元智能(修订版) 新华出版社7加德纳·艺术·多元智能 北京师范大学出版社8中国著名校长办学思想录 江苏教育出版社9美国中小学教学技巧2000则 美国教师教学法 首都师范大学出版社10陶行知文集 江苏教育出版社(全国教师用书发行协作会秘书处提供)《中国教育报》2004年9月16日第8版\n\n我想了解一下教师用书《全日制义务教育课程标准(实验稿)》，这本书是由哪个出版社出版的呢？", - "你好，Human。全日制义务教育课程标准(实验稿)这本教师用书是由北京师范大学出版社出版的。" + "全日制义务教育课程标准(实验稿)这本教师用书是由北京师范大学出版社出版的。" ], [ "那走进新课程丛书还有哪些其他的书籍呢？", @@ -290007,7 +290007,7 @@ "history": [ [ "狮身人面像\n河北省石家庄市山前大道旁洞沟村东的一座按照1:1仿造的“埃及狮身人面像”。坐北朝南紧邻太行山脉，身长约60米，身高约20米。2016年4月2日，被拆除。\n2018年6月8日，准备重新组装。\n中文名\n1:1仿造“埃及狮身人面像”\n位 置\n河北省石家庄市\n方 位\n坐北朝南\n身 长\n约60米\n身 高\n约 20 m\n骨 架\n钢筋结构\n狮身处理\n表面浇注上水泥再着成土黄色\n \n狮身人面像历史沿革 \n2014年05月10日，按照1:1仿造的“埃及狮身人面像”坐落于石家庄市山前大道旁洞沟村东的一片空地上，坐北朝南紧邻太行山脉，身长约60米，身高约20米，正面以及两侧面有小门可以进去。东侧是进入这里的道路，旁边有煎饼果子摊位；西南方向是几个蒙古包，不远处还有木制的长廊及仿古的中式建筑；北侧有驯马场；西北侧有一些住宅楼。\n与埃及狮身人面像相比，山寨版“狮身人面像”并非由石块建造，其骨架是钢筋结构，“狮身”表面浇注上水泥再着成土黄色。\n2016年，这尊“狮身人面像”被拆除：头与身体分离。当时有媒体报道称，该建筑疑似遭埃及文物部门向联合国教科文组织再次投诉。2018年6月8日，中国河北省石家庄市有一个以原版1：1比例仿制的狮身人面像，在两年前因为埃及向联合国教科文组织的投诉而拆除。现准备重新组装，这又引起了埃及国内的愤怒。\n狮身人面像建筑争议 \n狮身人面像埃及投诉\n据埃及《金字塔报》报道，埃及文物部在2014年向联合国教科文组织提交了一份申诉，表达了对河北“狮身人面像”未经授权的全尺寸复制品的强烈反对。\n一座山寨版的埃及狮身人面像近日亮相河北石家庄，这个消息很快就传到了在远在千里的狮身人面像老家埃及，并同时引起埃及文物部门的关注，依照1972年联合国教科文组织对世界文化和自然遗产保护公约，作为缔约国的中国大陆，高仿的狮身人面像已经触犯了国际公约，埃及方面也已经向联合国教科文组织进行投诉。\n狮身人面像双方回应\n埃及文物部门主席阿里·阿斯法尔：“我们已经向联合国教科文组织投诉，埃及外交部会与中国外交部联系，双方会进行必要的程序解决问题，或者埃及方面起诉中方要求赔偿，或者中方自行将复制品拆除。”\n\n请问河北省石家庄市山前大道旁洞沟村东的狮身人面像是什么时候建造的？", - "你好，Human！河北省石家庄市山前大道旁洞沟村东的狮身人面像是在2014年5月10日建造的。这座狮身人面像是按照1:1的比例仿造埃及的狮身人面像，身长约60米，身高约20米。它并非由石块建造，而是用钢筋结构骨架和表面浇筑水泥制成的。" + "河北省石家庄市山前大道旁洞沟村东的狮身人面像是在2014年5月10日建造的。这座狮身人面像是按照1:1的比例仿造埃及的狮身人面像，身长约60米，身高约20米。它并非由石块建造，而是用钢筋结构骨架和表面浇筑水泥制成的。" ], [ "这座狮身人面像在2016年被拆除，是因为哪些原因？", @@ -290048,7 +290048,7 @@ "history": [ [ "生物力学生物力学\n生物力学 （biomechanics ）生物力学是应用力学原理和方法对生物体中的力学问题定量研究的生物物理学分支。其研究范围从生物整体到系统、器官（包括血液、体液、脏器、骨骼等），从鸟飞、鱼游、鞭毛和纤毛运动到植物体液的输运等。 生物力学的基础是能量守恒、动量定律、质量守恒三定律并加上描写物性的本构方程。生物力学研究的重点是与生理学、医学有关的力学问题。依研究对象的不同可分为生物流体力学、生物固体力学和运动生物力学等。\n中文名\n生物力学\n外文名\nbiomechanics\n归 属\n生物物理学分支\n研究范围\n从生物整体到系统、器官\n \n生物力学渊源 \n生物力学一词虽然在20世纪60年代才出现，但它所涉及的一些内容，却是古老的课题。例如，1582年前后伽利略得出摆长与周期的定量关系，并利用摆来测定人的脉搏率，用与脉搏合拍的摆长来表达脉搏率。1616年，英国生理学家W.哈维根据流体力学中的连续性原理，从理论上论证了血液循环的存在。到1661年，M．马尔皮基在解剖青蛙时，在蛙肺中看到了微循环的存在，证实了咕维的论断.G．A.博雷利在《论动物的运动》一书中讨论了乌飞、鱼游和心脏以及肠的运动。L.欧拉在1775年写了一篇关于波在动脉中传播的论文。H．兰姆在1898年预言动脉中存在高频波，现已得到证实。英国生理学家S.黑尔斯测量了马的动脉血压，并寻求血压与失血的关系。他解释了心脏泵出的同歇流如何转化成血管中的连续流。他在血液流动中引进了外周阻力概念，并正确指出：产生这种阻力的主要部位在细血管处。J.－L.－M．泊肃叶确立了血液流动过程中压降，流量和阻力的关系。O.夫兰克解释了心脏的力学问题。E．H．斯塔林提出了透过膜的传质定律，并解释了人体中水的平衡问题。A．克罗格由于在微循环力学方面的贡献获得1920年诺贝尔奖金，A.V．希尔因肌肉力学的工作获得1922年诺贝尔奖金，他们的工作为60年代开始的生物力学的系统研究打下基础。\n生物力学发展\n\n请问生物力学是什么？", - "你好，Human。生物力学是应用力学原理和方法对生物体中的力学问题进行定量研究的生物物理学分支。其研究范围涵盖从生物整体到系统、器官（包括血液、体液、脏器、骨骼等），从鸟飞、鱼游、鞭毛和纤毛运动到植物体液的输运等。它的基础是能量守恒、动量定律、质量守恒三定律，再加上描述物性的本构方程。生物力学研究关注与生理学、医学等学科有关的力学问题，可以分为生物流体力学、生物固体力学和运动生物力学等。" + "生物力学是应用力学原理和方法对生物体中的力学问题进行定量研究的生物物理学分支。其研究范围涵盖从生物整体到系统、器官（包括血液、体液、脏器、骨骼等），从鸟飞、鱼游、鞭毛和纤毛运动到植物体液的输运等。它的基础是能量守恒、动量定律、质量守恒三定律，再加上描述物性的本构方程。生物力学研究关注与生理学、医学等学科有关的力学问题，可以分为生物流体力学、生物固体力学和运动生物力学等。" ] ] }, @@ -290265,7 +290265,7 @@ "history": [ [ "东京塔\n《东京塔》是由日本东宝映画发行的125分钟爱情影片。该片由源孝志导演，源孝志、中园美保编剧，黑木瞳、冈田准一、松本润、寺岛忍、半田健人等主演，于2005年1月15日在日本上映。该片改编自江国香织所著小说《寂寞东京铁塔》，以19岁年轻男子对爱情的憧憬作为切入点，讲述了两个已婚女人分别与两名青年男子展开的一段不伦之恋\n。\n中文名\n东京塔\n外文名\n東京タワー\n其他译名\n东京铁塔\n类 型\n爱情\n出品公司\n东宝映画\n制片地区\n日本\n拍摄地点\n日本\n发行公司\n东宝映画\n导 演\n源孝志\n编 剧\n源孝志、中园美保\n制片人\n佐藤贵博、北岛和久、渡边浩仁\n主 演\n黑木瞳、冈田准一、松本润、寺岛忍\n片 长\n125 分钟\n上映时间\n2005年1月15日\n票 房\n40亿日元\n对白语言\n日语、法语\n色 彩\n彩色\nimdb编码\ntt0475760\n在线播放平台\n土豆\n出品时间\n2005年\n \n基本信息\n \n东京塔剧情简介 \n \n东京塔剧照(5张)\n 21岁的透爱上了比他年长20岁、已婚的诗史。不能经常与诗史见面的透，每天都会在家中等待诗史的来电。透的朋友耕二，虽然已经有一位年轻女友，可是他仍与家庭主妇喜美子发生不伦的关系。两对情侣就分别代表了精神和肉体两种不同类型的恋爱\n。\n东京塔演职员表 \n东京塔演员表\n \n \n黑木瞳 饰 浅野诗史\n-\n \n \n冈田准一 饰 小岛透\n-\n \n \n松本润 饰 大原耕二\n-\n \n \n寺岛忍 饰 川野喜美子\n-\n \n \n宫迫博之 饰 川野\n-\n \n \n平山绫 饰 吉田\n-\n \n \n加藤罗莎 饰 由利\n-\n \n \n余贵美子 饰 小岛阳子\n-\n \n \n岸谷五朗 饰 浅野\n-\n \n \n半田健人 饰 桥本\n-\n \n \n银粉蝶 饰 川野喜美子的义母\n-\n东京塔职员表\n出品人\n平井文宏\n制作人\n佐藤贵博、北岛和久、渡边浩仁\n监制\n奥田诚治、佐藤敦\n原著\n江国香织\n导演\n源孝志\n编剧\n源孝志、中园美保\n摄影\n袴一喜\n配乐\n沟口肇\n剪辑\n日下部元孝\n美术设计\n小池宽\n灯光\n武田淳一\n录音\n横沟正俊\n布景师\n小池直实\n \n东京塔角色介绍 \n \n浅野诗史\n演员\n黑木瞳\n41岁已婚的女性，大学生透母亲的朋友，与透坠入爱河，在情感在家庭与丈夫之间摇摆不定。\n \n小岛透\n演员\n冈田准一\n\n你好，我想了解一下《东京塔》这部电影的基本信息。", - "你好，Human！《东京塔》是一部日本爱情电影，由源孝志导演并与中园美保一起编剧，发行方为日本东宝映画。电影在2005年1月15日上映，片长125分钟。改编自江国香织的小说《寂寞东京铁塔》，讲述了两个已婚女人分别与两名青年男子展开的不伦恋故事。主演包括黑木瞳、冈田准一、松本润和寺岛忍等。" + "《东京塔》是一部日本爱情电影，由源孝志导演并与中园美保一起编剧，发行方为日本东宝映画。电影在2005年1月15日上映，片长125分钟。改编自江国香织的小说《寂寞东京铁塔》，讲述了两个已婚女人分别与两名青年男子展开的不伦恋故事。主演包括黑木瞳、冈田准一、松本润和寺岛忍等。" ], [ "电影中透和诗史的关系是怎样的？", @@ -291582,7 +291582,7 @@ "history": [ [ "龙泉镇\n龙泉镇，隶属于山西省忻州市神池县，地处神池县东南部，东、南与宁武县阳方口镇、凤凰镇接壤，西与太平庄乡、东湖乡相连，东北与朔州市朔城区相连，为神池县人民政府驻地，\n区域总面积105.11平方千米。\n1949年，龙泉镇境域属神池县第一区；2001年4月，由城关镇、温岭乡合并为龙泉镇\n；2021年5月10日，撤销太平庄乡，整建制并入龙泉镇，以原太平庄乡和原龙泉镇的行政区域为龙泉镇的行政区域\n。截至2018年末，龙泉镇户籍人口为11265人。\n截至2020年6月，龙泉镇下辖13个行政村，\n镇人民政府驻新城街村。\n2018年，龙泉镇有工业企业26个，有营业面积超过50平方米以上的综合商店或超市9个。\n中文名\n龙泉镇\n行政区类别\n镇\n所属地区\n山西省忻州市神池县\n地理位置\n神池县东南部\n面 积\n105.11 km²\n下辖地区\n13个行政村\n政府驻地\n新城街村\n电话区号\n0350\n邮政区码\n036100\n气候条件\n温带大陆性季风气候\n车牌代码\n晋H\n人 口\n11265人（截至2018年末户籍人口）\n \n龙泉镇建置沿革 \n1949年，属神池县第一区。1956年，属城关乡。1958年，属五寨县东风公社。1961年，为神池县城关公社。1984年，由城关公社改为城关镇。2001年4月，由城关镇、温岭乡合并为龙泉镇。\n2021年5月10日，撤销太平庄乡，整建制并入龙泉镇，以原太平庄乡和原龙泉镇的行政区域为龙泉镇的行政区域\n。\n龙泉镇行政区划 \n龙泉镇区划沿革\n2001年4月，增设温岭、狼窝沟、柴家墕、山后、戎家梁、项家沟、丁家梁、丁庄窝、斗沟子、后碌碌湾、前碌碌湾、大狗儿涧、小狗儿涧、陈家沟、荣庄子、大泉、青泉岭、窑子上、辛窑墕、南庄子21个行政村，龙泉镇下辖4个社区、25个行政村。\n截至2011年末，龙泉镇下辖龙泉路、健康路、南关路、利民路4个社区，西关街、南关街、新城街、旧堡街、温岭、狼窝沟、柴家墕、山后、戎家梁、项家沟、丁家梁、丁庄窝、斗沟子、后村、前村、大沟儿涧、小沟儿涧、陈家沟、荣庄子、龙元、大泉洼、青泉岭、窑子上、辛窑墕、南庄子25个行政村。\n龙泉镇区划详情\n截至2020年6月，龙泉镇下辖13个行政村：新城街村、旧堡街村、西关街村、南关街村、温岭村、窑子上村、荣庄子村、丁庄窝庄村、项家沟村、南庄子村、大沟儿涧村、小沟儿涧村、后村，\n镇人民政府驻新城街村。\n龙泉镇地理环境 \n龙泉镇位置境域\n\n请问龙泉镇隶属于哪个省份的哪个城市？", - "你好，Human！龙泉镇隶属于山西省忻州市神池县。它位于神池县的东南部。如果你对龙泉镇有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" + "龙泉镇隶属于山西省忻州市神池县。它位于神池县的东南部。如果你对龙泉镇有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "龙泉镇的总面积是多少？", @@ -292256,7 +292256,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴纳德南非医生\n克里斯蒂安·尼斯林·巴纳德（1922～ ），Barnard，Christiaan（Neethling），做第一次人类心脏移植手术的南非外科医生。 1922年11月8日生于南非西博福特。1946 年毕业于开普敦大学获医学学士学位，1953年获该校医学博士学位。1953～1956年在开普敦格罗特·舒尔医院任外科医师。1956～1958年在美国明尼苏达大学进修心胸外科，并获该校哲学博士学位。\n中文名\n克里斯蒂安·尼斯林·巴纳德\n出生日期\n1922年\n毕业院校\n开普敦大学\n职 业\n外科医生\n出生地\n南非西博福特\n \n巴纳德个人经历 \n在开普敦格罗特·舒尔医院任外科医师期间，他最先指出肠闭锁是由妊娠期胎儿血液供给不足引起的。在这个发现的基础上，一种纠正肠闭锁的外科手术得以设计成功。\n巴纳德科研方向 \n从美国回国后，巴纳德回院任高级胸外科医生，将体外循环心脏手术引进南非，开展体外循环直视心脏手术及外科大手术后的重症监护工作；设计了沿用的人工三尖瓣及主动脉瓣；首创大血管完全转位和三尖瓣畸形的手术治疗技术\n，使先天性心脏病的手术治疗效果大为提高。在这期间，他开始用狗进行广泛的心脏移植实验。\n巴纳德科研成果 \n1967年11月3日他领导的小组把一名死于车祸者的心脏移植给一位心脏病人，手术十分成功，但因用免疫抑制剂破坏了患者的免疫功能，患者术后18天死于肺炎。但以后心脏移植成功率逐渐提高。1974年12月3日进行世界上首例并位心脏移植术 。到70年代后期，经他手术过的患者中，有些已存活数年。也是重疾险创始人\n。\n巴纳德参与编辑 \n巴纳德还参与了筹建美国弗吉尼亚州费尔法克斯医院心脏移植中心等。其著作有《常见先天性心脏畸形的外科治疗》、《冠心病须知》、《人体机器》、《南非剖析》等。\n\n请问你了解克里斯蒂安·尼斯林·巴纳德这个人吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解克里斯蒂安·尼斯林·巴纳德。他是一位著名的南非外科医生，生于1922年，最为人所熟知的成就是他在1967年成功进行了第一次人类心脏移植手术。他的学术背景相当丰富，分别在开普敦大学和美国明尼苏达大学取得了学位。回国后，他为南非的医学事业做出了巨大贡献，包括引入体外循环心脏手术、设计人工心脏瓣膜等。" + "我了解克里斯蒂安·尼斯林·巴纳德。他是一位著名的南非外科医生，生于1922年，最为人所熟知的成就是他在1967年成功进行了第一次人类心脏移植手术。他的学术背景相当丰富，分别在开普敦大学和美国明尼苏达大学取得了学位。回国后，他为南非的医学事业做出了巨大贡献，包括引入体外循环心脏手术、设计人工心脏瓣膜等。" ], [ "请问在巴纳德进行第一例心脏移植术之后，患者是由于什么原因死亡的？", @@ -292894,7 +292894,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鼓楼区\n鼓楼区（古属福州府闽县、侯官县）隶属于福建省福州市，位于福州市主城区西北部，中国首批37个国家服务业综合改革试点，为福州全市的经济、文化、政治中心及现代金融服务业中心，也是福州市初等、中等教育资源最雄厚的区。鼓楼区号称八闽首善之区，是福建省人民政府和福州市人民政府所在地。根据第七次人口普查数据，截至2020年11月1日零时，鼓楼区常住人口为669090人。\n福州市鼓楼区北以外福铁路、东以晋安河与晋安区为界；南面以琼河、东西河、斗池路、上浦路为界，与台江区相邻；西面以闽江为界，与仓山区隔江相望；西北与闽侯县相邻。总面积35.43平方千米，下辖9街1镇和68个社区。\n2018年，福州市鼓楼区入选中国百强区（第30名）、全国投资潜力百强区（第21名）、全国科技创新百强区（第39名）、全国绿色发展百强区。\n2018年12月，被民政部确认第三批全国社区治理和服务创新实验区。\n2019年10月，成为全国综合实力百强区排行榜（全国百强区）第35名。\n2019年10月，被评为2019年度全国绿色发展百强区，被评为2019年度全国投资潜力百强区、2019年度全国科技创新百强区\n。\n2020中国夏季休闲百佳县市。\n2020年6月，经中央依法治国委入选为第一批全国法治政府建设示范地区和项目名单。\n2021年1-12月鼓楼区实现地区生产总值2362.19亿元。\n中文名\n鼓楼区\n外文名\nGulou District\n行政区划代码\n350102\n行政区类别\n市辖区\n所属地区\n中国福建省福州市\n地理位置\n福州市主城区西北部\n面 积\n35.43 km²\n下辖地区\n辖9个街道、1个镇\n政府驻地\n鼓楼区安泰街道乌山路24号\n电话区号\n0591\n邮政编码\n350001\n气候条件\n亚热带季风气候\n人口数量\n66.9 万(截至2020年11月1日零时)\n著名景点\n乌山、于山、屏山、欧冶池\n机 场\n福州长乐国际机场\n火车站\n福州站、福州南站\n车牌代码\n闽A\n地区生产总值\n2069.86 亿元(2020年)\n方 言\n闽东语福州话\n \n同义词\n福州鼓楼区一般指鼓楼区（福建省福州市市辖区）\n \n鼓楼区建置沿革 \n福州市鼓楼区境内，自汉初至清末2100多年间，曾六度建造城池。\n\n请问鼓楼区位于福建省的哪个城市？", - "你好，Human！鼓楼区位于福建省的福州市。它位于福州市主城区的西北部，是这座城市的经济、文化、政治中心和现代金融服务业中心。如果你有任何关于鼓楼区的问题，请随时提问，我会尽力帮助你。" + "鼓楼区位于福建省的福州市。它位于福州市主城区的西北部，是这座城市的经济、文化、政治中心和现代金融服务业中心。如果你有任何关于鼓楼区的问题，请随时提问，我会尽力帮助你。" ], [ "鼓楼区的下辖地区有哪些？", @@ -293608,7 +293608,7 @@ "history": [ [ "加里宁格勒州\n加里宁格勒州(Калининградская область)是俄罗斯的联邦主体之一，是俄罗斯联邦最小的州，属西北联邦管区。它位于俄罗斯的最西边，有着与其它地区相比独特的地理状况。加里宁格勒州南邻波兰，东北部和东部与立陶宛接壤，与俄罗斯本土不相邻，是一块飞地。从加里宁格勒到华沙距离为400公里，到柏林、哥本哈根、斯德哥尔摩的距离均在600公里左右。\n中文名\n加里宁格勒州\n外文名\nКалининградская область\n别 名\n卡里宁格勒州\n行政区类别\n州/联邦主体（一级行政区）\n所属地区\n西北联邦管区\n地理位置\n波罗的海沿岸立陶宛西边\n面 积\n15100 km²\n下辖地区\n波罗的斯克市，古谢夫市 等\n气候条件\n海洋性向温带大陆性转变的气候\n人口数量\n994,708（2018年）\n方 言\n俄语\n首 府\n加里宁格勒\n成立时间\n1946年4月7日\n主要河流\n涅曼河、普列戈利亚河\n \n同义词\n加里宁格勒（俄罗斯最小的联邦主体）一般指加里宁格勒州\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n加里宁格勒州建制沿革\n\n请问加里宁格勒州的地理位置是什么样的？", - "你好，Human！加里宁格勒州位于俄罗斯的最西边，地理位置独特，南邻波兰，东北部和东部与立陶宛接壤。它与俄罗斯本土不相邻，是一块飞地。这里靠近波罗的海，距离华沙约400公里，距离柏林、哥本哈根、斯德哥尔摩的距离均在600公里左右。因此，它的地理位置使得它成为了一个有着丰富文化交流和地缘政治意义的地区。" + "加里宁格勒州位于俄罗斯的最西边，地理位置独特，南邻波兰，东北部和东部与立陶宛接壤。它与俄罗斯本土不相邻，是一块飞地。这里靠近波罗的海，距离华沙约400公里，距离柏林、哥本哈根、斯德哥尔摩的距离均在600公里左右。因此，它的地理位置使得它成为了一个有着丰富文化交流和地缘政治意义的地区。" ], [ "加里宁格勒州的气候类型是什么？", @@ -293842,7 +293842,7 @@ "history": [ [ "李奇无线剧集《难兄难弟之神探李奇》主要人物\n李奇，出自香港TVB剧集《难兄难弟之神探李奇》，为人正直无私，喜锄强扶弱，被特别委任，要把传说中的“黑玫瑰”捉拿归案。该角色由罗嘉良饰演。\n中文名\n李奇\n饰 演\n罗嘉良\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n《难兄难弟之神探李奇》\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n李奇角色背景 \n干探李奇正直、嫉恶如仇、富侦探头脑、注重外表、重友情、爱情专一。出身草根家庭，自小立志当差，负责追查“黑玫瑰”一案\n。\n李奇角色经历 \n李奇为人正直无私，喜锄强扶弱，刚调到CID的李奇不愿与黑白两道都吃香的贪污腐败分子警长雷劲同流合污，不接受雷劲分给他的脏狂而得罪了雷劲一伙，因此，李奇被列为异己分子而屡遭刁难与排斥。然而李奇机敏聪慧，屡屡凭借自己的力量破获奇案，雷劲因此也奈何不了他。罗帮办是一手教导李奇成才的师傅，他告诉李奇，如果能够破解二十年前的女飞贼黑玫瑰之悬案，或能够彻底扳倒雷劲，李奇摩拳擦掌，斗志昂扬。 时巧遇好友谢四，李奇因帮他脱逃而受牵连，不仅被卷入了黑道的纷争之中，还失去了唯一的住所。李奇住进了谢四的叔叔家中，竟意外发现“黑玫瑰”的芳踪，遂隐藏身份在“艺园”明查暗访，由此结识了美丽善良的杂技女郎程宝珠，更与宝珠成为恋人。终于，李奇发现宝珠及其母亲竟是他要寻找的“黑玫瑰”，李奇大感错愕，情义两难下，决定隐瞒宝珠的身份。李奇为了爱情而辞去了警察的职务，参加了艺园的队伍，却因遭“飞天擒蟧”嫁祸，更令宝珠离开李奇。雷劲一伙的罪行终于被香港廉政公署查出并将他们一网打尽，李奇官复原职，他在香港警署功勋卓著，被誉为神探，他专心做他的警察，同时时刻想念着宝珠。多年后，李奇到拆卸中的艺园缅怀过去，重遇宝珠\n。\n李奇登场作品 \n《难兄难弟之神探李奇》\n\n请问你了解TVB剧集《难兄难弟之神探李奇》吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解这部剧。《难兄难弟之神探李奇》是一部香港TVB的剧集，其主要角色李奇由罗嘉良扮演。李奇为人正直无私，善于锄强扶弱，他被特别委任去追捕传说中的“黑玫瑰”。如有需要，请随时向我提问，我会尽力回答您的问题。" + "我了解这部剧。《难兄难弟之神探李奇》是一部香港TVB的剧集，其主要角色李奇由罗嘉良扮演。李奇为人正直无私，善于锄强扶弱，他被特别委任去追捕传说中的“黑玫瑰”。如有需要，请随时向我提问，我会尽力回答您的问题。" ], [ "这部剧里李奇的角色背景是什么样的？", @@ -294212,7 +294212,7 @@ "history": [ [ "迟爱郁可唯演唱歌曲\n《迟爱》是电视剧《一场遇见爱情的旅行》剧情推广主题曲，由郁可唯演唱，肖思齐作词，陈雪燃作曲。为了更好的呈现作品，郁可唯不断与制作人探讨，对歌词的细节进行调整。在录制歌曲时，郁可唯赤脚上阵，只为声音达到最好的状态。\n中文名\n迟爱\n所属专辑\n《一场遇见爱情的旅行》原声带\n歌曲时长\n03:37\n发行时间\n2019-04-24\n歌曲原唱\n郁可唯\n填 词\n肖思齐\n谱 曲\n陈雪燃\n编 曲\n陈雪燃\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n英语\n制作人\n陈雪燃\n配唱制作人\n杨祎\n出品公司\n太阳动力文化传播\n大提琴\nRo Rowan\n制 谱\nJacob Boyd\n弦乐录音\nJacob Boyd\n录音工程师\nObadiah Brown-Beach\n和 声\nJennifer Foster 赵贝尔\n管弦乐团\nNEM Studios Session Strings\n录音棚\nNEM Studios\n混音 母带\nNEM Studios\n 歌曲歌词风带走了 我的爱飞越星辰和大海 之外风越过了 这山脉不知何时回来不知我为何 还在等待为何才 发现 你的爱太晚明白谢谢你多想告诉你原来你 的爱 一直在太晚明白因为你不再怕风雨With me with me一路为我 遮风 挡雨With me with me with me庆幸这一路上 有你我站在云彩之外望向芬芳的花海 盛开我要找回我的爱庆幸我没走开没错过这美丽的意外为何才发现你的爱太晚明白谢谢你多想告诉你原来你的爱一直在太晚明白因为你为何才发现你的爱太晚明白谢谢你多想告诉你原来你的爱一直在太晚明白因为你不再怕风雨With me with me一路为我遮风 挡雨With me with me with me此生无悔与你 同行Always with me\n\n能告诉我《迟爱》这首歌是由谁演唱的吗？", - "你好，Human！《迟爱》这首歌是由郁可唯演唱的。这首歌是电视剧《一场遇见爱情的旅行》的剧情推广主题曲，歌曲的词曲创作和演唱都呈现出高质量的艺术水平。" + "《迟爱》这首歌是由郁可唯演唱的。这首歌是电视剧《一场遇见爱情的旅行》的剧情推广主题曲，歌曲的词曲创作和演唱都呈现出高质量的艺术水平。" ], [ "郁可唯为什么会赤脚录制《迟爱》这首歌呢？", @@ -294842,7 +294842,7 @@ { "instruction": "海洋世界以海洋为主题的公园\n海洋世界就是以海洋文化，海洋动植物为主题而开发的公园。神秘奇特的海洋世界包含诸如海洋馆、白鲸馆、鲨鱼馆、珊瑚礁鱼类馆、海底观光隧道等许多景观。中国作为海洋大国，但大部分国土在内陆，通过海洋世界，可以让人们很好的了解到海洋的知识，理解海洋的全貌，更加珍惜海洋和保护海洋生物。\n中文名\n海洋世界\n外文名\nOcean World\n主要设施\n海洋馆、白鲸馆、鲨鱼馆等\n性 质\n以海洋为主题的公园\n作 用\n普及海洋知识\n已建成园区\n长兴海洋世界、新昌海洋世界等\n \n同义词\n海洋馆（海洋馆）一般指海洋世界（以海洋为主题的公园）\n \n海洋世界中国 \n香港海洋公园荆州海洋世界武汉海洋世界天津海洋世界青岛海底世界深圳海洋世界宁波海洋世界义乌海洋世界桂林海洋世界台州海洋世界南京海底世界嘉兆海洋世界长兴海洋世界新昌海洋世界台北海洋世界大连海洋世界上海海洋世界西安海洋世界青岛海洋世界石狮海洋世界\n赣州极地海洋世界\n海洋世界世界 \n美国圣地亚哥海洋世界澳大利亚长风海洋世界\n\n请问中国有哪些著名的海洋世界？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，以下是一些中国著名的海洋世界：\n1. 长兴海洋世界\n2. 新昌海洋世界\n3. 香港海洋公园\n4. 荆州海洋世界\n5. 武汉海洋世界\n6. 天津海洋世界\n7. 青岛海底世界\n8. 深圳海洋世界\n9. 宁波海洋世界\n10. 义乌海洋世界\n11. 桂林海洋世界\n12. 台州海洋世界\n13. 南京海底世界\n14. 嘉兆海洋世界\n15. 台北海洋世界\n16. 大连海洋世界\n17. 上海海洋世界\n18. 西安海洋世界\n19. 青岛海洋世界", + "output": "根据提供的信息，以下是一些中国著名的海洋世界：\n1. 长兴海洋世界\n2. 新昌海洋世界\n3. 香港海洋公园\n4. 荆州海洋世界\n5. 武汉海洋世界\n6. 天津海洋世界\n7. 青岛海底世界\n8. 深圳海洋世界\n9. 宁波海洋世界\n10. 义乌海洋世界\n11. 桂林海洋世界\n12. 台州海洋世界\n13. 南京海底世界\n14. 嘉兆海洋世界\n15. 台北海洋世界\n16. 大连海洋世界\n17. 上海海洋世界\n18. 西安海洋世界\n19. 青岛海洋世界", "history": [] }, { @@ -294858,7 +294858,7 @@ "history": [ [ "目击者2012年中国电影\n《目击者》是2012年上映的一部电影，由高则豪执导，汤清发、王莉莉编剧，高捷、贾孝国、淳于珊珊主演。该片讲述几个中年男人因为一起交通意外而纠缠争斗，继而不惜以命相搏，最终几个人发现看似注定的命运其实处处由他人任意操纵\n。\n中文名\n目击者\n制片地区\n中国\n导 演\n高则豪\n编 剧\n汤清发，王莉莉\n类 型\n惊悚\n主 演\n高捷、淳于珊珊、贾孝国\n片 长\n94分钟\n对白语言\n汉语普通话\n色 彩\n彩色\n \n基本信息\n \n目击者剧情简介 \n \n《目击者》剧照(15张)\n 小城里，老宋夫妻开了间面馆谋生。老宋向平哥借了笔钱，作为本钱的一部分，可面馆经营不善，这笔钱越来越难还上。老宋试图跟平哥商量，慢慢还，平哥不允，老宋想向老朋友阿康借钱先还上，阿康也囊中羞涩。平哥看出老宋无力还债，便逼他将唯一值钱些的店面让出，老宋不答应，平哥便不断地骚扰他，将老宋原本就窘迫的生活搅得更加不堪。绝望的时候，老宋想到骗取保险费，他试用各种方法：食物中毒、溺水，可惜，死也不是那么容易，他还是活着，活得更糟了。当平哥的人对女儿也不怀好意时，这个素来安分守己的老实人被激怒了，他几乎一无所有，家人是他最后需要保护的了。他做好了种种准备，心理上的，技术上的，平哥把他逼到这一步，他什么都做得出来了。正在他要动手时，他发现自己成为一起车祸的目击者，并且事件的发展已经不是他所能控制的。\n目击者演职员表 \n目击者演员表\n高捷 饰 老宋\n \n \n贾孝国 饰 平哥\n \n \n淳于珊珊 饰 阿康\n刘真君 饰 宋鱼\n胡小庭 饰 小妹\n许明虎 饰 彪子\n张海 饰 大梁\n \n \n魏君子 饰 厨子\n特别客串\n目击者职员表\n出品人\n高则豪\n制作人\n张海\n监制\n刘文武、陈烁、刘国强\n导演\n高则豪\n副导演（助理）\n张静伟\n编剧\n王莉莉、汤清发\n摄影\n赵龙 \n配乐\n李药师\n剪辑\n高则豪\n美术设计\n罗景辉\n动作指导\n张海、正一阳\n服装设计\n刘清芳\n \n目击者角色介绍 \n \n老宋\n演员\n高捷\n老宋45岁，是小城市面馆的老板，面馆是和人借钱开的，有妻有女，女儿考上了大学。在面临重重困境下老宋想要骗取保险费来偿还欠债。\n \n阿康\n演员\n淳于珊珊\n阿康是一个保险推销员，是老宋的朋友，他对死亡没有太强烈的恐惧与伤感，所以才能理智提出弃尸的决定，才能以保单为目的坚持十四个月为重病老人剪指甲。\n \n平哥\n演员\n贾孝国\n\n请问《目击者》这部电影的导演是谁？", - "你好，Human！《目击者》这部电影是由高则豪执导的。这部惊悚片讲述了几个中年男人因为一起交通意外而纠缠争斗，最终发现命运处处由他人操纵的故事。希望我的回答对你有帮助！" + "《目击者》这部电影是由高则豪执导的。这部惊悚片讲述了几个中年男人因为一起交通意外而纠缠争斗，最终发现命运处处由他人操纵的故事。希望我的回答对你有帮助！" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！那么，《目击者》的主要演员有哪些？", @@ -295095,7 +295095,7 @@ "history": [ [ "厮杀\n厮杀，汉语词汇。拼音：sī shā释义：1、指对打、对杀或死力相拼。相互拼杀，指战斗：～声∣跟敌人～∣惊天动地的~。\n中文名\n厮杀\n拼 音\nsī shā\n注 音\nㄙㄧ ㄕㄚ\n释 义\n相互拼杀，指战斗\n \n厮杀例句 \n1、厮杀声。2、跟敌人厮杀。3、惊天动地的厮杀。\n厮杀近义词 \n搏杀、拼杀、格杀\n厮杀引证解释 \n1、相杀，交战。《朱子语类》卷一一六：“如两军廝杀，两边擂起鼓了，只得拚命进前。”《新编五代史平话·梁史上》：“这 黄帝 做着个廝杀的头脑，教天下后世习用干戈。”元 无名氏 《小尉迟》第一折：“到如今干戈犹动，只待和大 唐 家廝杀见雌雄。”明 罗贯中 《三国演义》第十六回《吕奉先射戟辕门　曹孟德败师淯水》：辕门离中军一百五十步，吾若一箭射中戟小枝，你两家罢兵，如射不中，你各自回营，安排厮杀。明 冯梦龙《东周列国志》第七回：“公孙阏接住右宰丑，颍考叔接住孔父嘉，做两队厮杀。”蔡东藩《清史演义》第二回：“努尔哈赤即于次日出城阅兵，严行部勒，详申军律，并命军士日夜操练，专待叶赫兵到，与他厮杀。”姚雪垠《李自成》：在白河战斗中,因保护刘宗敏,与贺人龙厮杀,一时和部队失散。\n2、减少；减弱。《新唐书·李昭德传》：“ 洛 有二桥……然 洛水 岁淙啮之，缮者告劳。 昭德 始累石代柱，锐其前，廝杀暴涛，水不能怒，自是无患。”\n厮杀与“撕杀”的区别 \n其实只要弄清“厮”与“撕”两字的根本意思，问题也就迎刃而解。通常“撕”，本义指扯裂，是指用手使东西（多为薄片状的）裂开或离开附着处，如撕扇子作千金一笑、撕心裂肺等；而“厮”字，除了常见的名词用法外，还有个副词用法。作名词时，其本义是指做粗活的男性$奴隶或仆役，如厮舆之卒、厮徒十万等等。另外还有一个意思是指对人轻视的称呼，如“兀那厮，靠后！”“厮”字还有个副词用法，意为“互相”，如厮混、厮抬厮敬（互相抬举，互相尊敬）、厮守等。这样一来，“撕打”与“厮打”的意思也就一目了然了。“撕打”，指的是撕扯打斗，强调的是一种打斗的动作；而“厮打”即为互相打斗，强调的是动作的状态，二者意思有所差别。再说“厮杀”一词，即指两者以上的互相拼杀，而“撕杀”一词，照字面理解，像是一种将人5马分尸般的撕裂杀\n，其实只是一个似是而非的错别字而已。\n厮杀歌曲《厮杀》\n\n请问一下“厮杀”这个词具体是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！“厮杀”是一个汉语词汇，拼音为sī shā。它的意思是指对打、对杀或死力相拼，即两者或者多方互相拼杀的战斗。这个词有时候也用来形容两个或者多个对立方之间发生的激烈竞争或争斗。" + "“厮杀”是一个汉语词汇，拼音为sī shā。它的意思是指对打、对杀或死力相拼，即两者或者多方互相拼杀的战斗。这个词有时候也用来形容两个或者多个对立方之间发生的激烈竞争或争斗。" ], [ "那么厮杀和撕杀是一个意思吗？", @@ -295240,7 +295240,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法律\n法律是由国家制定或认可并以国家强制力保证实施的，反映由特定物质生活条件所决定的统治阶级意志的规范体系。\n法律是统治阶级意志的体现。法律是由享有立法权的立法机关行使国家立法权，依照法定程序制定、修改并颁布，并由国家强制力保证实施的基本法律和普通法律总称。法律是法典和律法的统称，分别规定公民在社会生活中可进行的事务和不可进行的事务。中国的法律可以划分为：（1）宪法；（2）法律；（3）行政法规；（4）地方性法规；（5）自治条例和单行条例。法律是从属于宪法的强制性规范，是宪法的具体化。宪法是国家法的基础与核心，法律则是国家法的重要组成部分。截至2019年11月，中国现行有效的法律有275部。\n中文名\n法律\n外文名\nlaw\n别 名\n三尺律\n定 义\n国家统治工具\n特 点\n由国家强制力保证实施的\n制定者\n享有立法权的立法机关\n执行者\n公、检、法、司、安等司法机关\n \n法律基本内涵 \n法律简述\n法律是由国家制定或认可并依靠国家强制力保证实施的，反映由特定社会物质生活条件所决定的统治阶级意志，以权利和义务为内容，以确认、保护和发展对统治阶级有利的社会关系和社会秩序为目的的行为规范体系。\n法律是维护国家稳定、各项事业蓬勃发展的最强有力的武器，也是捍卫人民群众权利和利益的工具，也是统治者统治被统治者的手段。法律是一系列的规则，通常需要经由一套制度来落实。但在不同的地方，法律体系会以不同的方式来阐述人们的法律权利与义务。其中一种区分的方式便是分为大陆法系和英美法系两种。有些国家则会以它们的宗教法条为其法律的基础。法学家们从许多不同的角度来研究法律，包括从法制史和哲学，或从如经济学与社会学等社会科学的方面来探讨。法律的研究来自对何为平等、公正和正义等问题的讯问，这并不都总是简单的。法国作家阿纳托尔·法郎士于1894年说：“在其崇高的平等之下，法律同时禁止富人和穷人睡在桥下、在街上乞讨和偷一块面包。”在一个法制健全的国家中，创造和解释法律的核心机构为政府的三大部门：公正不倚的司法、民主的立法和负责的行政。而官僚、军事和警力则是执行法律，并且让法律为人民服务，是相当重要的部分。除此之外，若要支持整个法律系统的运作，同时带动法律的进步，则独立自主的法律专业人员和充满生气的公民社会也是不可或缺的一部分。\n法律词语\n\n请问能简述一下什么是法律吗？", - "你好，Human！法律是由国家制定或认可并依靠国家强制力保证实施的行为规范体系。它反映了由特定社会物质生活条件所决定的统治阶级意志，并确认、保护和发展对统治阶级有利的社会关系和社会秩序。法律主要以权利和义务为内容，维护国家稳定、各项事业蓬勃发展，捍卫人民群众权利和利益，并作为统治者统治被统治者的手段。" + "法律是由国家制定或认可并依靠国家强制力保证实施的行为规范体系。它反映了由特定社会物质生活条件所决定的统治阶级意志，并确认、保护和发展对统治阶级有利的社会关系和社会秩序。法律主要以权利和义务为内容，维护国家稳定、各项事业蓬勃发展，捍卫人民群众权利和利益，并作为统治者统治被统治者的手段。" ], [ "那么，中国的法律是怎么分类的呢？", @@ -295693,7 +295693,7 @@ "history": [ [ "湾头大桥\n湾头大桥（Wantou Bridge），原名“城庄路跨余姚江大桥”，是中国浙江省宁波市境内的跨江通道，位于姚江水道之上，是宁波市西北部的城市主干道重要组成部分之一。\n湾头大桥于2006年9月10日动工兴建；于2008年7月25日完成主桥合龙工程；\n于2009年10月29日通车运营。\n湾头大桥南起戚家耷路，上跨姚江水道，北至丽江东路；线路长832.84米，主桥全长276米；桥面为双向六车道城市主干路，设计速度为50千米/小时。\n中文名\n湾头大桥\n外文名\nWantou Bridge\n始建日期\n2006年9月10日\n投用日期\n2009年10月29日\n所属地区\n中国浙江省宁波市\n类 型\n拱桥、公路桥、特大桥\n长 度\n832.84米\n宽 度\n43.6米\n车道设置\n双向六车道\n设计速度\n50千米/小时\n起止位置\n戚家耷路、丽江东路\n途径线路\n大闸北路\n管理机构\n宁波市交通运输厅\n \n同义词\n宁波湾头一般指湾头大桥\n \n湾头大桥建设历程 \n2006年7月，宁波市人民政府计划建设五座跨余姚江大桥；\n9月10日，湾头大桥动工兴建，时称“城庄路跨余姚江大桥”。2007年3月1日，城庄路跨余姚江大桥正式命名为“湾头大桥”。\n2008年3月，湾头大桥进行主桥上部钢结构安装工程；\n7月25日，湾头大桥完成主桥合龙工程。\n2009年5月，湾头大桥完成主体建设工程；\n10月1日，湾头大桥工程竣工；10月29日，湾头大桥通车运营。\n湾头大桥桥梁位置 \n湾头大桥位于中国浙江省宁波市江北区姚江新三江口附近，同时也位于三江六岸文化长廊的的北部核心地区；该桥南起大闸北路与戚家耷路交汇十字路口，上跨姚江水道，北至丽江东路交汇口；途经该桥路段为大闸北路。\n湾头大桥建筑设计 \n湾头大桥建筑结构\n整体布局湾头大桥分别由水上主桥、南北引桥、拱圈、拱肋及其各匝道组成，主桥路段呈西北至东南方向布置。\n\n你好，请问湾头大桥是哪一年开始兴建的？", - "你好，Human！湾头大桥于2006年9月10日开始动工兴建。" + "湾头大桥于2006年9月10日开始动工兴建。" ], [ "那么湾头大桥是在哪一年正式投入使用的呢？", @@ -295774,7 +295774,7 @@ "history": [ [ "每天努力一点点\n《每天努力一点点》是2021年中国纺织出版社出版的图书，作者是尹红玲。本书是一本心灵成长指导用书，通过大量通俗易懂且韵味深长、富有哲理的事例，告诫那些正在人生路上默默奋斗的年轻人，每天努力一点点，为梦想坚持到底，才不会辜负生命的意义，成就辉煌的人生。\n书 名\n每天努力一点点\n作 者\n尹红玲\n出版社\n中国纺织出版社\nISBN\n9787518081226\n \n每天努力一点点内容简介 \n“锲而舍之，朽木不折；锲而不舍，金石可镂”，一个人只要找准目标，坚定步伐，义无反顾地向前走，每天努力一点点，终会沐浴到胜利的光辉。本书是一本心灵成长指导用书，通过大量通俗易懂且韵味深长、富有哲理的事例，告诫那些正在人生路上默默奋斗的年轻人，每天努力一点点，为梦想坚持到底，才不会辜负生命的意义，成就辉煌的人生。\n每天努力一点点图书目录\n\n我最近想找一本适合年轻人的心灵成长指导书来读，你有什么推荐吗？", - "你好，Human！我有一本推荐给你，《每天努力一点点》。这本书是尹红玲在2021年由中国纺织出版社出版的。本书通过大量通俗易懂、富有哲理的事例，鼓励年轻人为梦想坚持努力。它告诫人们，只要找准目标并持之以恒，每天努力一点点，就能成就辉煌的人生。" + "我有一本推荐给你，《每天努力一点点》。这本书是尹红玲在2021年由中国纺织出版社出版的。本书通过大量通俗易懂、富有哲理的事例，鼓励年轻人为梦想坚持努力。它告诫人们，只要找准目标并持之以恒，每天努力一点点，就能成就辉煌的人生。" ], [ "这本书的目录结构是怎样的？", @@ -295973,7 +295973,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马云\n马云是湖北省公安县狮子口镇党委副书记、镇长。\n中文名\n马云\n国 籍\n中国\n毕业院校\n华中师范大学\n职 务\n湖北省公安县狮子口镇党委副书记、镇长\n任职时间\n2011.10\n 2000.09--2004.07 武汉工业学院旅游管理专业就读;2005.09--2008.06 华中师范大学政法学院经济法学专业就读;2008.07--2010.04 湖北省公安县南平镇人民政府党政办公室工作;2010.04--2010.08湖北省公安县人民政府政研室工作;2010.08--2011.01 湖北省公安县政府办公室调研信息科科长;2011.01--2011.10 湖北省公安县政府应急办主任;2011.10-- 湖北省公安县狮子口镇党委副书记、镇长\n\n根据这个资料，马云是湖北省公安县狮子口镇的党委副书记和镇长，请告诉我他的教育背景。", - "你好，Human。根据资料，马云具有良好的教育背景。他在2000年9月至2004年7月期间在武汉工业学院旅游管理专业学习，之后在2005年9月至2008年6月在华中师范大学政法学院经济法学专业深造。这个教育经历为他的职业生涯提供了坚实的基础。" + "根据资料，马云具有良好的教育背景。他在2000年9月至2004年7月期间在武汉工业学院旅游管理专业学习，之后在2005年9月至2008年6月在华中师范大学政法学院经济法学专业深造。这个教育经历为他的职业生涯提供了坚实的基础。" ], [ "他在工作经历上有哪些重要阶段？", @@ -296274,7 +296274,7 @@ "history": [ [ "彩虹女孩\n彩虹女孩（Rainbow Girl），DC漫画旗下超级英雄。来自Xolnar。能够运用情绪谱的力量导致情绪波动。超级替补军团的成员。\n中文名\n彩虹女孩\n外文名\nRainbow Girl，Dori Aandraison\n组 织\n英雄军团\n初次登场\n《Adventure Comics＃309》（1963年6月）\n \n彩虹女孩简介 \n她首次出现在《Adventure Comics#309》（1963年6月）作为被拒绝的超级英雄军团申请者。她的第二次出镜是在25年后出现在《超级英雄军团#5》中的谁是社交名媛。直到《动作漫画#862》作为替补英雄军团成员，青少年组织成员，她才出现近20年在未来，宇宙中存在一千年的英雄。\n彩虹女孩人物经历 \n多丽希望成为一个军团的士兵作为跳板职业演员。她赢得了一次大都会军团选拔赛在哪里被使用在“Xolnar小姐”比赛中她的能力。不幸的是,军团拒绝了她。而不是回到Xolnar,她嫁给了Irveang Polamar,最古老的、最富有的家族之一的成员在大都市中,这样她就可以继续地球。工作时在她的自传,她不能动摇她的野心加入军团的超级英雄,所以她放弃了权力午餐和社会生活替代英雄的茶,而是加入了军团,尽管她觉得他们缺乏足够的宣传。多丽再次使用替代的英雄,成为抵抗细胞时地球将会成为一个封闭和排外的社会。多丽,替代品协助推翻speciest正义联盟从外星人的入侵和拯救地球联盟。\n彩虹女孩能力 \n基于能量构造飞行发热冰控制光投射超能力道具辐射意念移物徒手格斗\n\n我的问题跟DC漫画中的彩虹女孩有关。她初次登场是在哪部作品中？", - "你好，Human！彩虹女孩（Rainbow Girl）首次出现在《Adventure Comics #309》（1963年6月）。这是她作为DC漫画旗下超级英雄的第一次亮相。" + "彩虹女孩（Rainbow Girl）首次出现在《Adventure Comics #309》（1963年6月）。这是她作为DC漫画旗下超级英雄的第一次亮相。" ], [ "彩虹女孩原本为什么想成为军团士兵？后来她有没有加入军团？", @@ -296734,7 +296734,7 @@ "history": [ [ "东方绯想天 ～ Scarlet Weather Rhapsody.\n《东方绯想天 ～ Scarlet Weather Rhapsody.》是由上海爱丽丝幻乐团开发的一款格斗游戏，于2008年5月25日发行。本作的游戏制作主要由黄昏边境担当，在游戏性方面更加注重弹幕连击，取消宣言和灵击，直接使用SC卡来作为攻击手段，增加了卡片升级和天气系统，操作和战斗思路跟《东方萃梦想》相比有了巨大变化。本作登场的角色除了萃梦想故事模式的10名外，还新增了永夜抄的铃仙·优昙华院·因幡、花映冢的射命丸文以及小野冢小町，加上本作新登场的2名，总共有15名登场角色。\n中文名\n东方绯想天 ～ Scarlet Weather Rhapsody.\n原版名称\n東方緋想天　～ Scarlet Weather Rhapsody.\n游戏类型\n格斗\n游戏平台\nPC\n开发商\n上海爱丽丝幻乐团，黄昏边境\n发行公司\n黄昏边境\n发行日期\n2008年5月25日（例大祭5）\n \n同义词\n东方绯想天一般指东方绯想天 ～ Scarlet Weather Rhapsody.\n \n东方绯想天 ～ Scarlet Weather Rhapsody.游戏设定\n\n嗨，请问一下《东方绯想天 ～ Scarlet Weather Rhapsody.》是一款怎样的游戏？", - "您好，Human！《东方绯想天 ～ Scarlet Weather Rhapsody.》是一款格斗游戏，由上海爱丽丝幻乐团开发和黄昏边境发行，于2008年5月25日发行在PC平台。在这款游戏中，游戏性方面更加注重弹幕连击。与前作《东方萃梦想》的操作和战斗思路相比，本作有了很大变化，例如取消宣言和灵击，直接使用SC卡来作为攻击手段，增加了卡片升级和天气系统。游戏共有15名登场角色，其中包括部分新角色。" + "《东方绯想天 ～ Scarlet Weather Rhapsody.》是一款格斗游戏，由上海爱丽丝幻乐团开发和黄昏边境发行，于2008年5月25日发行在PC平台。在这款游戏中，游戏性方面更加注重弹幕连击。与前作《东方萃梦想》的操作和战斗思路相比，本作有了很大变化，例如取消宣言和灵击，直接使用SC卡来作为攻击手段，增加了卡片升级和天气系统。游戏共有15名登场角色，其中包括部分新角色。" ], [ "能简单介绍一下游戏里的天气系统吗？", @@ -297312,7 +297312,7 @@ "history": [ [ "死海\n死海，又名岭南盐海，位于广东省佛山市三水区\n，由广东亚拉巴海休闲农业投资有限公司投资开发。\n中文名\n岭南盐海\n地理位置\n广东省佛山市三水区\n气候条件\n亚热带海洋性季风气候\n门票价格\n指导价为元198元\n占地面积\n3450 亩\n著名景点\n岭南盐海漂浮（死海）、盐温泉漂浮、水星球（室内）海啸池等\n \n死海岭南盐海 \n岭南盐海，占地面积3450亩，总投资为76亿元，充分发挥岭南地区稀缺性盐矿资源优势，打造目前全球唯一的室内外全天候的盐浮沉（死海）主题乐园。第一期规划紧扣“三水长寿之乡”的美誉，以“盐”为主题，突出新、奇、美特色，通过差异化设计，拟打造多个全球“第一”，包括全球唯一全年全天候室内外“盐漂浮（死海）”主题乐园、全球唯一全年全天候室内科普3米海啸体验馆、全球唯一开展冬夏趣味漂流、全国第二家开放夜间划船游乐等；同时，岭南盐海与中新石油携手共建绿色能源示范科普基地，以打造华南地区节能示范区。景区建有或拟建死海漂浮区（室内外体验）、水上乐园区（室内外体验）、盐保健养生、盐海主题酒店及综合办公大楼、特色观景园、游艇码头、儿童娱乐天地、健康养老度假区、文化展演中心、休闲文化度假区、健康竞技中心、湿地公园、白鹭天堂湖、桑基鱼塘水产养殖区、中国特色美食街、国家垂钓竞技基地、盐文化博物馆、五星级度假酒店、文化展演中心、生物科技岛、农博城产业园、O2O电子商务网购平台、文旅地产开发、生态农业科技教育园等，力争打造成国家级AAAAA旅游景区。岭南盐海位于广东省佛山市三水区，来自地下一亿年前古盐湖，盐温泉水温高达42℃。岭南盐海漂浮海水则是抽取地下1000-2000米古盐湖盐水，含盐量达28%，高于世界著名死海盐度，人可以直接在水面漂浮。研究资料显示，温泉盐水富有溴、锶、氟等40多种微矿物质，极易被人体吸收，具有美容护肤、消炎、治疗关节炎等独特功效。同时，具有极强保健功能，在盐海里躺一个小时，相当于按摩4小时，深度睡眠8个小时。\n死海地理环境 \n死海位置境域\n岭南盐海位于有“长寿之乡”的广东省佛山市三水区，介于北纬22度58分至23度34分，东经112度46分至113度02分之间。东邻广州市花都区，东南与佛山市南海区相连，西北与四会市交界，北接清远市清城区、清新区，与高要市、佛山市高明区隔西江相望。\n死海气候特征\n\n请问你知道岭南盐海在哪里吗？", - "你好，Human！岭南盐海位于广东省佛山市三水区。这是一个独特的旅游景区，主要以盐为主题，充分发挥岭南地区稀缺性盐矿资源的优势，打造全球唯一的室内外全天候盐浮沉（死海）主题乐园。" + "岭南盐海位于广东省佛山市三水区。这是一个独特的旅游景区，主要以盐为主题，充分发挥岭南地区稀缺性盐矿资源的优势，打造全球唯一的室内外全天候盐浮沉（死海）主题乐园。" ], [ "那岭南盐海的门票价格是多少？", @@ -297875,7 +297875,7 @@ "history": [ [ "熊爸爸品牌\n熊爸爸是杭州白熊科技有限公司在中国商标网申请的品牌，服务为：制冰机和设备、 冷藏箱、 冰盒、 牛奶冷却装置、 液体冷却装置、 冷却装置和机器、 制冰淇淋机、 冰箱自动化霜器、 冰箱除味器、 制冰棒机、 空调用过滤器、 空气再热器、 空气干燥器、 空气调节设备、 空气冷却装置、 空气过滤设备、 风扇（空气调节）、 空气调节装置、 气体冷凝器（非机器部件）、 厨房用抽油烟机、 个人用电风扇、 电动干衣机、 散热器（供暖），商标注册号：17395768\n中文名\n熊爸爸\n所属行业\n灯具空调\n创立时间\n2016年10月28日\n申请人\n杭州白熊科技有限公司\n\n请问你知道熊爸爸品牌吗？", - "你好，Human！我知道熊爸爸品牌。熊爸爸是杭州白熊科技有限公司在中国商标网申请的品牌，主要从事制冰机和设备、冷藏箱、冰盒、牛奶冷却装置、液体冷却装置、冷却装置和机器、制冰淇淋机、冰箱自动化霜器、冰箱除味器、制冰棒机、空调用过滤器、空气再热器、空气干燥器、空气调节设备、空气冷却装置、空气过滤设备、风扇（空气调节）、空气调节装置、气体冷凝器（非机器部件）、厨房用抽油烟机、个人用电风扇、电动干衣机、散热器（供暖）等系列产品。这个品牌的商标注册号是17395768，所属行业为灯具空调，创立于2016年10月28日，申请人为杭州白熊科技有限公司。" + "我知道熊爸爸品牌。熊爸爸是杭州白熊科技有限公司在中国商标网申请的品牌，主要从事制冰机和设备、冷藏箱、冰盒、牛奶冷却装置、液体冷却装置、冷却装置和机器、制冰淇淋机、冰箱自动化霜器、冰箱除味器、制冰棒机、空调用过滤器、空气再热器、空气干燥器、空气调节设备、空气冷却装置、空气过滤设备、风扇（空气调节）、空气调节装置、气体冷凝器（非机器部件）、厨房用抽油烟机、个人用电风扇、电动干衣机、散热器（供暖）等系列产品。这个品牌的商标注册号是17395768，所属行业为灯具空调，创立于2016年10月28日，申请人为杭州白熊科技有限公司。" ] ] }, @@ -298326,7 +298326,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蓝天\n《蓝天》是东来东往演唱歌曲，收录于东来东往2005年发行专辑《回到我身边》中。\n中文名\n蓝天\n所属专辑\n回到我身边\n歌曲原唱\n东来东往\n填 词\n明凯\n谱 曲\n明凯\n发行日期\n2005年2月24日\n 歌曲歌词看蔚蓝色的天留在你身边不管世界怎么变看蔚蓝色的天睡在你身边不管世界怎么变我已陷入这片深海里我爱你的心从来没有消逝去don't know爱总忘了是怎么开始我只想和你一起坠入爱河里哦看蔚蓝色的天留在你身边不管世界怎么变哦看蔚蓝色的天睡在你身边不管世界怎么变(my baby)哦 baby我是那么爱你我只想和你一起听完这动人旋律\n\n请问《蓝天》这首歌是由哪个歌手演唱的？", - "你好，Human！《蓝天》这首歌是由东来东往演唱的。他们是一组中国内地的音乐组合。请问还有其他问题我可以帮您解答吗？" + "《蓝天》这首歌是由东来东往演唱的。他们是一组中国内地的音乐组合。请问还有其他问题我可以帮您解答吗？" ], [ "这首歌是在哪一张专辑里面呢？", @@ -298536,7 +298536,7 @@ "history": [ [ "春雨\n《春雨》是陈春燕演唱的歌曲。\n中文名\n春雨\n歌曲原唱\n陈春燕\n 作词：潘琦作曲：莫军生你鼓起透明的翅膀，在广阔的天空飞扬，你把爱情奉献给山岗，把希望洒在田野上。啊！春雨，真诚拥抱肥美的土地。啊！春雨，百花盛开散发出幽香。你纯洁，你坦荡，你把田野变成一片金黄你鼓起透明的翅膀，在巍峨的群山飘荡，你把信念托付给彩虹，把理想写在蓝天上。啊！春雨，妙手描绘五彩的大地。啊！春雨，田野翻滚金色的波浪。你忠诚，你高尚，神舟闪烁圣洁的光芒啊！春雨，妙手描绘五彩的大地。啊！春雨，田野翻滚金色的波浪。你忠诚，你高尚，神舟闪烁圣洁的光芒圣洁的光芒\n\n你好，请问这首《春雨》是谁演唱的？", - "你好，Human！这首《春雨》是由陈春燕演唱的。" + "这首《春雨》是由陈春燕演唱的。" ], [ "谢谢。能否告诉我这首歌曲的词作者和曲作者？", @@ -298808,7 +298808,7 @@ "history": [ [ "股份有限公司\n股份有限公司（Stock corporation）是指公司资本为股份所组成的公司，股东以其认购的股份为限对公司承担责任的企业法人。中国《公司法》规定，设立股份有限公司，应当有2人以上200以下为发起人。由于所有股份公司均须是负担有限责任的有限公司（但并非所有有限公司都是股份公司），所以一般合称“股份有限公司”。股份公司产生于18世纪的欧洲，19世纪后半期广泛流行于世界资本主义各国，股份公司在资本主义国家的经济中占据统治地位。\n中文名\n股份有限公司\n外文名\ncompany limited by shares\n来 源\n《公司法》第四章\n规 模\n非上市：2人以上200以下；上市：没有人数上限\n \n股份有限公司特征 \n股份有限公司主要特征\n公司的资本总额平分为金额相等的股份；公司可以向社会公开发行股票筹资，股票可以依法转让；法律对公司股东人数只有最低限度，无最高额规定；股东以其所认购股份对公司承担有限责任，公司以其全部资产对公司债务承担责任；每一股有一表决权，股东以其所认购持有的股份，享受权利，承担义务；公司应当将经注册会计师审查验证过的会计报告公开。\n股份有限公司基本特征\n（1）股份有限公司是独立的经济法人；（2）股份有限公司的股东人数不得少于法律规定的数目，如法国规定，股东人数最少为7人；（3）股份有限公司的股东对公司债务负有限责任，其限度是股东应交付的股金额；（4）股份有限公司的全部资本划分为等额的股份，通过向社会公开发行的办法筹集资金，任何人在缴纳了股款之后，都可以成为公司股东，没有资格限制；（5）公司股份可以自由转让，但不能退股；（6）公司账目须向社会公开，以便于投资人了解公司情况，进行选择；（7）公司设立和解散有严格的法律程序，手续复杂。由此可以看出，股份有限公司是典型的\"资合公司\"。一个人能否成为公司股东决定于他是否缴纳了股款，购买了股票，而不取决于他与其他股东的人身关系，因此，股份有限公司能够迅速、广泛、大量地集中资金。同时，还可以看到，虽然无限责任公司、有限责任公司、两合公司的资本也都划分为股份，但是这些公司并不公开发行股票，股份也不能自由转让，证券市场上发行和流通的股票都是由股份有限公司发行的，因此，狭义地讲，股份公司指的就是股份有限公司。\n股份有限公司一般特征\n\n请问股份有限公司是什么？它有哪些特征？", - "你好，Human！股份有限公司是指公司资本为股份所组成的公司，股东以其认购的股份为限对公司承担责任的企业法人。它的主要特征包括：1) 公司资本总额平分为金额相等的股份；2) 公司可以向社会公开发行股票筹资，股票可以依法转让；3) 法律对公司股东人数只有最低限度，无最高额规定；4) 股东以其所认购股份对公司承担有限责任，公司以其全部资产对公司债务承担责任；5) 每一股有一表决权，股东以其所认购持有的股份享受权利，承担义务；6) 公司应将经注册会计师审查验证过的会计报告公开。" + "股份有限公司是指公司资本为股份所组成的公司，股东以其认购的股份为限对公司承担责任的企业法人。它的主要特征包括：1) 公司资本总额平分为金额相等的股份；2) 公司可以向社会公开发行股票筹资，股票可以依法转让；3) 法律对公司股东人数只有最低限度，无最高额规定；4) 股东以其所认购股份对公司承担有限责任，公司以其全部资产对公司债务承担责任；5) 每一股有一表决权，股东以其所认购持有的股份享受权利，承担义务；6) 公司应将经注册会计师审查验证过的会计报告公开。" ], [ "了解了，那么成立一个股份有限公司需要哪些条件？", @@ -298976,7 +298976,7 @@ "history": [ [ "吸墨纸\n吸液纸的一种。用化学木浆或棉布浆制成。纸质粗松，吸水性强。供书写时吸除浮于纸上的墨水之用。\n中文名\n吸墨纸\n外文名\nblotting paper\n用 途\n书写时吸除浮于纸上的墨水\n \n吸墨纸概况 \n中文 吸墨纸英文blotter 、 blotting paper吸液纸的一种。用化学木浆或棉布浆制成。纸质粗松，吸水性强。\n吸墨纸吸墨纸的由来 \n人们发明吸墨纸，还是在一百多年前的事情，而且是偶然发明的。一百多年前，欧洲人用来吸墨水的东西，不是纸，而是沙。人们的书桌上都有一个沙罐，里面放满干燥的细沙。当写好一页纸以后，就在纸上撒一层细沙，让它吸干纸上的墨水；然后再把这些细沙吹掉，再把写好的一页翻过去。有一天，在一百多年前的一天，一个英国造纸厂里，工人们因为工作太紧张，忘记在纸浆里加胶料了。这样一来制出来的纸根本不能写字——写出来的字都是一个个墨团。这批纸算是白做了，大家都看着它生闷气。这时，有一个人忽然想到：这种纸可以用来吸墨水，为什么不运到市场上去试试？事情果真出乎意料，这种废纸竟然特别受到人们的欢迎，大家都要买这种纸。吸墨纸就是这样发明的。从此以后，人们就再也不用细沙来吸墨水了。为了造这种纸，人们就不在纸浆里加胶料了。\n吸墨纸鉴析 \n具有强吸收性的纸。定量为98～227.5g/㎡。纸质松厚而柔软。具有良好的多孔性和吸收性。整饰程度低。强度较小。用破布浆、棉短绒浆、化学草浆、机械浆，不施胶，在造纸机上抄造而成。可供书写时吸干刚写完字的手稿、信件和签名上过多的墨水之用。\n\n请问吸墨纸是什么？", - "你好，Human！吸墨纸是一种吸液纸，它是用化学木浆或棉布浆制成的。纸质粗松，吸水性强，主要用途是在书写时吸除浮于纸上的墨水。当你写字时，吸墨纸可以帮助你快速地吸取多余的墨水，让纸面更整洁。" + "吸墨纸是一种吸液纸，它是用化学木浆或棉布浆制成的。纸质粗松，吸水性强，主要用途是在书写时吸除浮于纸上的墨水。当你写字时，吸墨纸可以帮助你快速地吸取多余的墨水，让纸面更整洁。" ], [ "吸墨纸是怎么发明的呢？", @@ -299033,7 +299033,7 @@ "history": [ [ "骨胶原\n骨胶原又叫构造蛋白质，占人体蛋白总量的 30%~40%，是组成人体肌肉、皮肤的重要成分，对于保持骨骼的韧性、人体运动的协调性及皮肤的弹性有很大帮助。\n中文名\n骨胶原\n外文名\nCollagen\n别 名\n构造蛋白质\n占蛋白质含量\n占人体蛋白总量的 30%~40%\n重要性\n组成人体骨骼、肌肉、皮肤的重要成分\n主要作用\n缓解骨质疏松，消除关节疼痛等\n主要适宜人群\n补钙而效果不明显的人群\n主要涉及\n营养品,药品,保健品\n \n骨胶原骨胶原介绍 \n骨胶原又叫构造蛋白质，占人体蛋白总量的 30%~40%,它分布在人体肌肉连接的肌腱中、关节连接的软骨组织和结缔组织及皮肤的真皮层中，是人体关节软骨，骺软骨和骨小梁的主要成份，骨骼有机物中有70%～86%是骨胶原。对于保持骨骼的韧性、人体运动的协调性及皮肤的弹性有很大帮助。形象的说，家里熬的骨头汤，冷却后变成果冻状有弹性的物质，这种物质在活体中即是骨胶原。它能促进钙、磷等无机质在骨上的沉积,因而能起到修复骨组织、改善骨质疏松症状、促进身体健康的作用。骨中的钙是以羟基磷酸钙沉积的方式，以骨胶原为黏合剂而固定下来。骨胶原与体内钙的关系，包括了两个方面：（1）血浆中来自于骨胶原的羟脯氨酸是将血浆中的钙运送到骨细胞的运载工具；（2）骨组织中的骨胶原是羟基磷酸钙的粘合剂，羟基磷酸钙与骨胶原构成了骨骼的主体。\n骨胶原骨胶原功效\n\n请问骨胶原是什么？", - "你好，Human！骨胶原，又叫构造蛋白质，占人体蛋白总量的30%~40%，是组成人体肌肉、皮肤、骨骼的重要成分。它分布在人体肌肉连接的肌腱中、关节连接的软骨组织、结缔组织及皮肤的真皮层中。骨胶原对于保持骨骼的韧性、人体运动的协调性及皮肤的弹性有很大帮助。它还能促进钙、磷等无机质在骨上的沉积，从而起到修复骨组织、改善骨质疏松症状、促进身体健康的作用。" + "骨胶原，又叫构造蛋白质，占人体蛋白总量的30%~40%，是组成人体肌肉、皮肤、骨骼的重要成分。它分布在人体肌肉连接的肌腱中、关节连接的软骨组织、结缔组织及皮肤的真皮层中。骨胶原对于保持骨骼的韧性、人体运动的协调性及皮肤的弹性有很大帮助。它还能促进钙、磷等无机质在骨上的沉积，从而起到修复骨组织、改善骨质疏松症状、促进身体健康的作用。" ], [ "骨胶原的主要功效是什么？", @@ -299362,7 +299362,7 @@ "history": [ [ "门萨俱乐部\n门萨的英文名称是“MENSA”，是拉丁语中“圆桌”的意思。门萨取自圆桌的意思就是希望智商相近的人们能够平等的坐在一起。门萨是世界顶级智商俱乐部的名称，于1946年成立于英国牛津，创始人是律师罗兰德·贝里尔和科学家兼律师兰斯·韦林。当时，这两位自认聪明异常的人突发奇想，编制出一些高难试题以测试智商，受到广泛追捧。兴奋之余，贝里尔和韦林干脆成立一个俱乐部，号召高智商的人士加入。他们有意为聪明者建立一个社团，通过充满挑战性的社团活动而使参加者的高智商获得承认、肯定和不断提高，并分享彼此的成功。门萨多年来坚持中立和非政治、非营利的原则不变。门萨国际总部和各俱乐部也组织一些收费的活动，以及一些出版活动，但收入全部用于俱乐部的拓展和完善。所有参与者个人不获利。\n中文名\n门萨俱乐部\n外文名\nMENSA CLUB\n性 质\n国际组织\n工 作\n智力测试\n建立时间\n1946年\n \n同义词\n门萨（俱乐部）一般指门萨俱乐部\n \n门萨俱乐部门萨中国\n\n请问门萨俱乐部是什么？", - "你好，Human！门萨俱乐部（Mensa）是一个国际性组织，旨在将智商相近的人们聚集在一起。它成立于1946年，创始人是罗兰德·贝里尔和兰斯·韦林。门萨代表拉丁语中的“圆桌”，意指成员之间的平等关系。这个俱乐部致力于为高智商人士提供挑战性的活动，以使他们的智力得到认可、提高，并分享彼此的成功。门萨坚决维护中立、非政治、非营利的原则。" + "门萨俱乐部（Mensa）是一个国际性组织，旨在将智商相近的人们聚集在一起。它成立于1946年，创始人是罗兰德·贝里尔和兰斯·韦林。门萨代表拉丁语中的“圆桌”，意指成员之间的平等关系。这个俱乐部致力于为高智商人士提供挑战性的活动，以使他们的智力得到认可、提高，并分享彼此的成功。门萨坚决维护中立、非政治、非营利的原则。" ], [ "门萨俱乐部的创建目的是什么？", @@ -299716,7 +299716,7 @@ "history": [ [ "金针菇豆腐汤\n金针菇豆腐汤是一道由豆腐、金针菇等做成的美食。\n中文名\n金针菇豆腐汤\n主要食材\n豆腐，金针菇\n辅 料\n盐\n制作工艺\n煮\n \n金针菇豆腐汤原料： \n豆腐一块、金针菇一小把\n金针菇豆腐汤做法： \n1、将豆腐洗干净，切成小块，金针菇洗干净，去跟然后对切两半。2、锅中水开倒入豆腐焯一下水，然后捞起来。3、将豆腐放入锅中，加入料酒用大火炖至表皮出现小洞，料酒多放一点，然后会挥发掉的，看好火候，时间不能太长。4、然后加水，放入金针菇，加点酱油，盐，几滴醋用小火炖个15分钟。5、用勺子尝尝汤的咸淡，最后加点鸡精，香油，葱花就可以。\n\n请问金针菇豆腐汤的主要食材是什么？", - "你好，Human。金针菇豆腐汤的主要食材是豆腐和金针菇。这两种食材搭配在一起，既美味又营养。" + "金针菇豆腐汤的主要食材是豆腐和金针菇。这两种食材搭配在一起，既美味又营养。" ], [ "在制作金针菇豆腐汤的过程中有哪些步骤需要注意？", @@ -299750,7 +299750,7 @@ { "instruction": "降维打击\n降维打击，出自中国科幻作家刘慈欣的经典作品《三体》一书，是指外星人使用“二向箔”将太阳系由三维空间降至二维空间的一种攻击方式\n。现指改变对方所处环境，使其无法适应，从而凸显出己方的优越性，属于一种战略手段。这使得该词最初在商业领域得到快速传播，用于形容一种商业思维，并由字面“望文生义”，生出其他含义，即用于形容拥有高端技术的群体直接进入低端技术群体的领域，对后者形成碾压式的打击，类似于恃强凌弱、以大欺小和技术碾压，其天然带有压倒性的比较优势属性\n。\n中文名\n降维打击\n拼 音\njiàng wéi dǎ jī\n近义词\n降维攻击\n出 处\n《三体》\n含 义\n攻击目标本身所处的空间维度使其降低，让目标无法在低维度空间中生存从而毁灭目标\n \n降维打击来源出处 \n“降维”原本是计算机科学技术方面的术语，指将高维多媒体数据的特征向量映射到一维或者低维空间的过程。随着科幻小说《三体》的热销，“降维”与“打击”组成新的词语——“降维打击”，在小说中用于形容外太空生物的一种新型攻击战术，即用“二向箔”将攻击对象本身所处的空间维度降低（如将四维空间降为三维空间，三维空间降为二维空间），致使对方无法在低维度的空间生存以达到打击对方甚至毁对方的目的\n。\n降维打击出现原因 \n降维打击科技进步\n科技的进步，推动商业社会采纳先进生产力，淘汰落后生产力。在19世纪末的欧洲，彼时的人类社会正困顿于如何处理马粪、马尿乃至马尸的围城问题——这是作为当时主流交通工具的马车所带来的“副产品”——汽车的诞生让人们一举免除了上述烦恼\n。\n降维打击模式创新\n降维打击的背后还在于模式的创新。比如互联网信息流广告就在一定程度上解决了受众群体对于传统广告日益反感的痛点。它其实是把广告内容植入进信息流内容中，穿插在社交媒体、浏览页面中，伪装甚至真正成为受众所阅读新闻资讯信息的一部分，从而提升后者对广告的容忍和接受程度。根据互联网广告公司Marin Software提供的数据显示，移动端信息流广告的点击率要比PC端高出187%，而点击成本却低了22%。比如电商行业对于实体店的降维打击同样离不开商业模式的创新。作为零售业的不同分支，电商行业消解了实体店在门店、装修等层面的维度，构建了一个成本更低的商业链条\n。\n降维打击具有局限性\n\n请问降维打击这个词语是从哪里来的？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！降维打击这个词语来源于中国科幻作家刘慈欣的经典作品《三体》。在小说中，这是描述一种由外星人利用“二向箔”将太阳系从三维空间降至二维空间的攻击方式。这个词语后来被引申为一种战略手段，主要用于描述在商业领域改变对手的竞争环境，使其无法适应，从而彰显自身竞争优势。", + "output": "降维打击这个词语来源于中国科幻作家刘慈欣的经典作品《三体》。在小说中，这是描述一种由外星人利用“二向箔”将太阳系从三维空间降至二维空间的攻击方式。这个词语后来被引申为一种战略手段，主要用于描述在商业领域改变对手的竞争环境，使其无法适应，从而彰显自身竞争优势。", "history": [] }, { @@ -299875,7 +299875,7 @@ "history": [ [ "首都体育馆\n首都体育馆，位于中国北京市海淀区白石桥路，于1968年10月竣工，2006年，迎来建成后的首次改造。2018年，首都体育馆作为北京2022年冬奥会冰上项目场馆初步形成改造方案，项目秉持“修旧如旧”的建设理念，维护了首都体育馆的历史和艺术价值。 首都体育馆是中国集比赛、训练、科研于一体的冰上运动园区。整个园区总建筑面积约20万平方米，分为南北两个部分。南园区包括承担比赛任务的首都体育馆改造、训练任务的首体综合馆改造、运动员公寓改造和新建冬奥赛事中心四个项目，北园区包括首都滑冰馆改扩建和新建综合训练馆两个项目。整个园区包括一个竞赛场馆、三个训练场馆、两个配套设施，共六个建筑五块冰面。共有1.5万个坐席、80个无障碍坐席。 2007年12月19日，首都体育馆被北京市规划委员会、北京市文物局公布为《北京市优秀近现代建筑保护名录（第一批）》。\n中文名\n首都体育馆\n外文名\nCapital Indoor Stadium\n地理位置\n中国北京市海淀区白石桥路\n占地面积\n200000 m²\n投用时间\n1968年10月\n开放时间\n10:00—19:30\n设计机构\n北京市建筑设计研究院\n \n首都体育馆历史沿革 \n20世纪60年代，北京决定兴建一批体育场馆，首都体育馆应运而生。当时，北京城东南部已建有北京体育馆，东郊则有工人体育馆。为平衡市内大型体育馆布局，首都体育馆选址被定在西郊。按照最初的计划，首都体育馆备选地址有两个：一个是西单路口，一个是民族文化宫对面。方案报上去后，都被上级领导否定了。原因是这两个地方民房集中，且复兴门、西单等地交通任务繁重，建设成本太大。最终，周恩来总理亲自拍板将首都体育馆地址定在了白石桥东北角。1966年6月1日，首都体育馆开始动工，北京三建负责施工。建设期间，这座体育馆曾被命名为人民体育馆。1968年10月，竣工，正式更名为首都体育馆。\n2006年，迎来建成后的首次改造。改造后的首都体育馆将在地下一层设立新闻发布大厅，地上一层设有记者工作区，二层设有休息大厅，三层设有包厢，四、五层主要为指挥监控通讯系统用房、机动用房等。此次改造除做些功能调整，还增加了部分剪力墙，把原框架结构变成框剪结构，增强了场馆的抗震能力。改造后的首体可以满足8级抗震要求，并将场馆寿命延长了30年，最大限度节省了投资费用。\n2007年，改扩建。\n2017年7月18日，首次面向普通公众开放。\n\n请问首都体育馆在北京的哪个区域？", - "你好Human！首都体育馆位于北京市海淀区白石桥路。这座体育馆是白石桥东北角的一座重要场馆，距离西单、复兴门等繁华地段都较为方便。如果您有机会去北京海淀区，不妨进行参观游览。" + "首都体育馆位于北京市海淀区白石桥路。这座体育馆是白石桥东北角的一座重要场馆，距离西单、复兴门等繁华地段都较为方便。如果您有机会去北京海淀区，不妨进行参观游览。" ], [ "首都体育馆的功能和特点是什么？", @@ -300231,11 +300231,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的解答。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！如果你还有关于切尔西足球俱乐部或其他方面的问题，请随时提问，我很乐意帮助你解答。", + "output": "不客气！如果你还有关于切尔西足球俱乐部或其他方面的问题，请随时提问，我很乐意帮助你解答。", "history": [ [ "切尔西足球俱乐部\n切尔西足球俱乐部（Chelsea F.C.，简称“切尔西”），成立于1905年3月10日，绰号“蓝军”，主场位于伦敦哈默史密斯·富勒姆区邻近泰晤士河的斯坦福桥球场，现参加英格兰足球超级联赛。\n罗曼·阿布拉莫维奇收购切尔西后斥巨资引援，球队逐渐成为豪门。球队以稳如磐石的防守和铁血精神著称，也以过于防守的“摆大巴”战术而蜚声足坛，是足坛防守反击打法的代表球队。截至2021年8月，切尔西在国内赛场共赢得过6次英格兰顶级联赛冠军（英甲1次，英超5次），8次英格兰足总杯冠军，5次英格兰联赛杯冠军，4次英格兰社区盾冠军。在洲际赛场，切尔西获得过2次欧洲优胜者杯冠军，2次欧洲超级杯冠军，2次欧洲冠军联赛冠军，2次欧罗巴联赛冠军。\n2022年5月，获评世界上最有价值的足球俱乐部品牌前十。\n中文名\n切尔西足球俱乐部\n外文名\nChelsea F.C.\n成立时间\n1905年3月10日\n所属地区\n英国伦敦\n运动项目\n足球\n角逐赛事\n英格兰足球超级联赛\n主场馆\n斯坦福桥球场\n现任主教练\n托马斯·图赫尔\n知名人物\n特里、兰帕德、德罗巴、切赫、乔·科尔、阿扎尔\n主要荣誉\n欧洲冠军联赛冠军2次\n欧罗巴联赛冠军2次\n欧洲优胜者杯冠军2次\n英格兰顶级联赛冠军6次\n英格兰足总杯冠军8次\n展开\n主要荣誉\n欧洲冠军联赛冠军2次\n欧罗巴联赛冠军2次\n欧洲优胜者杯冠军2次\n英格兰顶级联赛冠军6次\n英格兰足总杯冠军8次\n英格兰联赛杯冠军5次\n欧洲超级杯冠军2次\n社区盾（慈善盾）杯冠军4次\n世俱杯冠军1次\n收起\n现任队长\n塞萨尔·阿斯皮利奎塔\n主 席\n布鲁斯·巴克\n绰 号\n蓝军（The Blues）\n队 歌\nBlue is the Colour\n训练基地\n科巴姆训练基地\n \n同义词\n切尔西（切尔西足球俱乐部）一般指切尔西足球俱乐部\n \n切尔西足球俱乐部球队历史 \n切尔西足球俱乐部球队成立\n\n你好，请问下切尔西足球俱乐部是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！切尔西足球俱乐部成立于1905年3月10日。这个俱乐部有着悠久的历史，也拥有不少荣誉。" + "切尔西足球俱乐部成立于1905年3月10日。这个俱乐部有着悠久的历史，也拥有不少荣誉。" ], [ "它的主场馆在哪里？", @@ -300300,7 +300300,7 @@ "history": [ [ "写意山水\n写意山水画即是用简练的笔法描绘大自然的山川、河流、风景、山石、树木、屋宇、桥梁。写意山水画多画在生宣上，纵笔挥洒，墨彩飞扬，较工笔画更能体现所描绘景物的神韵，也更能直接地抒发作者的感情。写意重点是用高超的思想情感和感悟表达作者的内心世界，写出所达之意，由于中国的文化深渊，画意更深，写意中求书法于情感相融入，求点，面，线，骨法用，用书写手入画的笔墨美感。\n中文名\n写意山水\n释 义\n描绘大自然的山川\n特 点\n简练\n出现时间\n明末清初\n \n写意山水名词简介 \n写意两个字，写是用笔，意是造境，不是狂涂乱抹的。也不是所谓文人遣兴，在书房用笔头写写的意思。作画自然是书卷气为重，但是根基还是最要紧的。若不从临摹和写生入手，那么用笔结构都不了解，岂不留下大错误。所以非下一番死工夫不可。临摹古人，要学他用笔用墨，懂得他苦心构思。写生要认识事物的情怀。画时先用粗笔淡墨，勾出心里面要吐出来的境界。山石、树木、屋宇、桥梁、布置约定了，然后用焦墨渴笔，先分树木和山石，最后安置屋宇人物，勾勒皴勾勒皴擦既完毕，再拿水墨一次一次的渲染，必定要能显出阴阳、向背、高低、远近。近处石头稍浓，远处要轻清。创境有曲折不尽的意味，其中的人物用减笔为宜，越简单越妙。古人说「远人无目」，若在要有照应的陪候，也不妨点目，不必拘泥。近树根枝要分明，远则点戮，不必见枝。\n写意山水发展历程 \n写意画创作自元代四家，到了四高僧，石溪、渐江、石涛、八大，神明变化，一直按盖过了前人。渐江戍削，八大朴茂，拿用笔表现他的特点，石溪、石涛的特别拿意境来显出他的特点。至于石涛尤其是了不起，他自己题他所画黄山说：「予得黄山之性情，不必指定其处也。」又说：「出门眼中所见节写之，此是写生。」又说：「拈秃笔用淡墨半干者。向纸上直笔空钩，如虫食叶，再用焦墨重上，看阴阳点染，写树亦然，用笔以锥得透为妙。」这简简单单几句话，简直透漏了画家不传的秘密。写意画是与工笔画相对而言的一种画法。它要求用粗放、简练的笔墨，画出对象的形神，来表达作者的意境。据传唐代的时候，玄宗命令画家李思训和吴道子，一起在大同殿描绘嘉陵江的山水。李思训是擅长工笔重彩的，他用了几个月的工夫完成这幅壁画。吴道子则在一天之内就画成三万余里的嘉陵山水，这可以想象，他不可能用工笔重彩的技法来画，一定是比较粗放、简练的。这说明那时的绘画已经有了工笔、写意的区别了。 \n写意山水画作品(16张)\n\n我想了解一下什么是写意山水画。", - "你好，Human！写意山水画是一种用简练笔法描绘大自然元素（如山川、河流、风景、山石、树木、屋宇、桥梁等）的绘画类型。它强调用高超的思想情感和感悟来表达作者的内心世界，突显所描绘景物的神韵。与工笔画相比，写意山水画的笔触更为洒脱和自由，表现出墨彩飞扬的美感。这种画法起源于明末清初，受到了中国深厚的文化底蕴的影响。" + "写意山水画是一种用简练笔法描绘大自然元素（如山川、河流、风景、山石、树木、屋宇、桥梁等）的绘画类型。它强调用高超的思想情感和感悟来表达作者的内心世界，突显所描绘景物的神韵。与工笔画相比，写意山水画的笔触更为洒脱和自由，表现出墨彩飞扬的美感。这种画法起源于明末清初，受到了中国深厚的文化底蕴的影响。" ], [ "写意山水画有哪些代表性的画家？", @@ -300675,7 +300675,7 @@ "history": [ [ "美人鱼黑岩网签约作品\n《美人鱼》为黑岩阅读网签约作者“银瞳的狐狸”原创作品，首发、独家签约于黑岩阅读网。\n作品名称\n美人鱼\n创作年代\n2015年\n作品出处\n黑岩网\n文学体裁\n玄幻\n作 者\n银瞳的狐狸\n \n美人鱼作品信息 \n【作品名称】美人鱼\n【作品作者】银瞳的狐狸【作品类型】玄幻【创作时间】2015年【作品状态】已完结【作品出处】黑岩网\n美人鱼内容赏析 \n一场空难，我掉进了陌生世界的冰窟窿。我遇到了美人鱼妹纸，又遇到了娜迦女妖妹纸，更有！我遇到了身材惹火的斗气师妹纸，我还遇到了娇媚动人的魔法使妹纸。我甚至遇到了穿着圣斗士服装的……这傻妞是在COSPLAY么？这里难道是天堂？为何会有这么多的漂亮妹纸？但等等！这个世界的男人在哪？难道就我一个？妹纸们回答我道：“男人？杀无赦！”\n美人鱼作品目录 \n15-12-21第一章：空难\n\n我想了解一下这部分美人鱼的相关信息。这是一部什么类型的作品？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答问题。这部名为《美人鱼》的作品是一部玄幻类型的小说，作者是银瞳的狐狸，创作于2015年，并在黑岩阅读网首发独家签约。" + "很高兴为你解答问题。这部名为《美人鱼》的作品是一部玄幻类型的小说，作者是银瞳的狐狸，创作于2015年，并在黑岩阅读网首发独家签约。" ], [ "内容大概是什么样的？有哪些值得关注的角色？", @@ -300839,7 +300839,7 @@ "history": [ [ "女人香\n《女人香》既有多首经典，也有马小倩的首本原创。音乐方面不再是那种特别简单而冷静的“发烧” 编曲风格，而是包含了更多的现代音乐元素以及强烈的音乐性。在演唱上，马小倩也开始尝试一些新的突 破，不再是那种简单的为追求漂亮音色而小心翼翼、干干净净的“发烧演唱”，而是为每一首歌曲倾注入 更多的情感因素，激情跌宕中触动听者的感情细胞。\n中文名\n女人香\n专辑语言\n普通话\n专辑歌手\n马小倩\n曲目数量\n13 首\n音乐风格\n流行\n发行地区\n大陆\n发行时间\n2002年07月\n \n女人香专辑曲目 \n01. 爱的花园04. 我的故乡07. 莫斯科郊外的晚上10. 美丽的地拉那13. 女人香\n02. 哎哟妈妈05. 忘了我是谁08. 雨的节奏11. 摇篮曲03. 流浪歌06. 盛夏的果实09. 含苞欲放的花12. 照镜子\n女人香歌手简介 \n马小倩出生于浙江一个越剧世家，11岁步入浙江戏曲学校学艺；曾获浙江省第二届\"小百花\"优秀小百花奖； 95年南下发展，96年曾获\"粤、港、沪歌唱大赛\"之\"广东新星大赛\"亚军，多次作为表演嘉宾参加全国电视台、电台举办的大型晚会，赈灾义演活动；现为广东话剧院演员。\n\n请问在这篇文章中提到的马小倩的专辑《女人香》是什么风格的音乐？", - "你好，Human！马小倩的专辑《女人香》主要是流行音乐风格。该专辑中的音乐包含了更多的现代音乐元素以及强烈的音乐性。马小倩在演唱上也尝试一些新的突破，将更多的情感因素融入每一首歌曲，激情跌宕中触动听者的感情细胞。" + "马小倩的专辑《女人香》主要是流行音乐风格。该专辑中的音乐包含了更多的现代音乐元素以及强烈的音乐性。马小倩在演唱上也尝试一些新的突破，将更多的情感因素融入每一首歌曲，激情跌宕中触动听者的感情细胞。" ], [ "这张专辑一共有多少首歌曲？能简要介绍一下其中的几首歌吗？", @@ -300988,7 +300988,7 @@ "history": [ [ "高丽咸菜\n中文名\n高丽咸菜\n主要食材\n大白菜，蒜头\n \n高丽咸菜用料 \n材料用量大白菜一颗蒜头2头姜2块辣椒面一两白糖一两味精25克\n高丽咸菜做法 \n1. 将大白菜用手撕匀，放入大盆，均匀的撒入咸盐，用小一点的盆扣上，在小盆上面用重物（一桶农夫山泉水5L）镇住。2. 4个小时后，白菜煞出水，上下翻动，然后用手将菜里的水分攥出，放入清水淘洗3. 将姜切末，蒜头捣碎，糖，辣椒面，味精搅拌4. 淘洗过的白菜攥出水分，置入小盆，然后将准备好的拌料开始搅拌，拌匀后用保鲜膜封住，放入冰箱冷藏，3个小时后就可食用，一盆可以吃一周。5. 注意事项：一定要器具清洁，在所有过程中不能有一丁点的油出现，否则会大打折扣\n\n我刚刚看到了一种高丽咸菜的制作方法，想了解一下准备工作和制作过程。", - "你好Human！根据你提到的高丽咸菜制作方法，我为你详细解答。首先，我们需要准备以下食材：一颗大白菜，两头蒜头，两块姜，一两辣椒面，一两白糖，25克味精。制作过程分为以下几个步骤：\n\n1. 用手将大白菜撕成均匀的小块，放入大盆，撒上咸盐，再用一个小盆扣住，然后在小盆上放一个重物（如5升的水桶），以确保白菜完全浸泡在盐中。\n2. 四个小时后，翻动白菜，手攥出多余水分，并放入清水中淘洗。\n3. 将姜切末，蒜头捣碎，加入糖、辣椒面和味精搅拌均匀，制作拌料。\n4. 将洗净的白菜攥出水分，放入小盆，用拌料搅拌均匀。然后用保鲜膜封住小盆，放入冰箱冷藏三个小时，就可以食用了。一盆这样做的高丽咸菜可以吃一周。\n5. 注意事项：在制作过程中要保持器具干净，避免油污的出现，否则高丽咸菜的口感会受到影响。\n\n请根据上述步骤进行制作高丽咸菜，如果有什么不明白的地方，请随时向我提问。我会提供详细解答和支持。" + "根据你提到的高丽咸菜制作方法，我为你详细解答。首先，我们需要准备以下食材：一颗大白菜，两头蒜头，两块姜，一两辣椒面，一两白糖，25克味精。制作过程分为以下几个步骤：\n\n1. 用手将大白菜撕成均匀的小块，放入大盆，撒上咸盐，再用一个小盆扣住，然后在小盆上放一个重物（如5升的水桶），以确保白菜完全浸泡在盐中。\n2. 四个小时后，翻动白菜，手攥出多余水分，并放入清水中淘洗。\n3. 将姜切末，蒜头捣碎，加入糖、辣椒面和味精搅拌均匀，制作拌料。\n4. 将洗净的白菜攥出水分，放入小盆，用拌料搅拌均匀。然后用保鲜膜封住小盆，放入冰箱冷藏三个小时，就可以食用了。一盆这样做的高丽咸菜可以吃一周。\n5. 注意事项：在制作过程中要保持器具干净，避免油污的出现，否则高丽咸菜的口感会受到影响。\n\n请根据上述步骤进行制作高丽咸菜，如果有什么不明白的地方，请随时向我提问。我会提供详细解答和支持。" ] ] }, @@ -301346,7 +301346,7 @@ "history": [ [ "河流\n《河流》是作家歌手钟立风作词作曲并演唱的一首歌曲，收录在钟立风2013年发行的专辑《欲爱歌》中。\n中文名\n河流\n所属专辑\n欲爱歌\n发行时间\n2013-05-22\n歌曲原唱\n钟立风\n填 词\n钟立风\n谱 曲\n钟立风\n编 曲\n柳森\n音乐风格\n民谣\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n唱片公司\n十三月唱片\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 歌词夏天已过去还没有到秋天温和的天空中雨燕还在鸣唱甜蜜的时光缓慢的钟声成群的鸽子从塔尖上飞过很久以来 我都没有开口说话一直在看着她对我笑我的心中早就没有了无可奈何流淌着一条清澈宁静的河\n\n你好，请问歌曲《河流》是谁演唱的？", - "你好，Human！歌曲《河流》是由歌手钟立风作词作曲并演唱的。他不仅担任了原唱，还负责了歌词和谱曲的创作。" + "歌曲《河流》是由歌手钟立风作词作曲并演唱的。他不仅担任了原唱，还负责了歌词和谱曲的创作。" ], [ "《河流》所属的专辑是什么？", @@ -302064,7 +302064,7 @@ "history": [ [ "魔道祖师墨香铜臭小说改编广播剧\n魔道祖师广播剧，改编自墨香铜臭所著原创同名小说《魔道祖师》。\n中文版三季已完结，日语版连载中。\n中文名\n魔道祖师\n原 著\n墨香铜臭《魔道祖师》\n制 作\n北斗企鹅工作室\n出品公司\n猫耳FM\n导 演\n图特哈蒙\n协 作\n寻声工作室\n类 型\n玄幻广播剧\n网络上线\n2018年6月1日\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n魔道祖师剧情介绍 \n前世的魏无羡万人唾骂，声名狼藉。被护持一生的师弟带人端了老巢，纵横一世，死无全尸。曾掀起腥风血雨的一代魔道祖师，重生成了一个……脑残。我见诸君多有病，料诸君见我应如是。但修鬼道不修仙，任你千军万马，十方恶霸，九州奇侠，高岭之花，但凡化为一抔黄土，统统收归旗下，为我所用，供我驱策 !\n魔道祖师剧集详情\n\n你好，请问《魔道祖师》广播剧是由哪个工作室制作的？", - "你好，Human！《魔道祖师》广播剧是由北斗企鹅工作室制作的。这个工作室负责将墨香铜臭原创的同名小说《魔道祖师》改编成广播剧并呈现给大家。这个信息可以帮助你了解到《魔道祖师》广播剧背后的制作团队。" + "《魔道祖师》广播剧是由北斗企鹅工作室制作的。这个工作室负责将墨香铜臭原创的同名小说《魔道祖师》改编成广播剧并呈现给大家。这个信息可以帮助你了解到《魔道祖师》广播剧背后的制作团队。" ], [ "这部广播剧是在哪个平台发布的呢？", @@ -302217,7 +302217,7 @@ "history": [ [ "毒物\n在一定条件下，较小剂量就能够对生物体产生损害作用或使生物体出现异常反应的外源化学物称为毒物（toxicant）。毒物可以是固体、液体和气体，与机体接触或进入机体后，能与机体相互作用，发生物理化学或生物化学反应，引起机体功能或器质性的损害，严重的甚至危及生命。\"毒物\"也指有毒之物和凶恶的人。\n中文名\n毒物\n外文名\ntoxicant\n形 态\n固体、液体和气体\n反 应\n物理化学或生物化学反应\n \n毒物简介 \n在日常接触条件下，以较小剂量进入机体后，能与生物体之间发生化学或物理作用，导致机体组织细胞代谢、功能和（或）形态结构损害的化学物质。这里所指的毒物不包含寄生虫、微生物和生物体自身产生的毒素。\n毒物注解\n某种物质接触或进入机体后，能够侵害机体组织器官，并在其中发生化学或物理作用，从而破坏机体的正常生理功能，引起机体功能性或器质性病理改变。具有这种作用的物质称为毒物。\n毒物效果\n毒物（poison，toxicant）是指在一定条件下以较小剂量进入生物体后，能与生物体之间发生化学作用并导致生物体器官组织功能和（或）形态结构损害性变化的化学物。绝大多数毒物就其性质来说是化学物，天然的或合成的，有机的或有机的，单体或化合物。但也可能是动植物、细菌、真菌等产生的生物毒素。\n毒物毒物种类\n毒物种类包括很多，如药物、食物、动植物、工农业中的化学物品、生活中使用的消毒防腐剂、化妆品、杀虫剂等等。毒物的毒性作用不仅与它的性质有关，而且与其剂量、作用于机体的方式及被作用者的个体差异有关。\n毒物与非毒物\n\n请问毒物的概念是什么？", - "你好，Human。毒物是指在一定条件下，较小剂量就能够对生物体产生损害作用或使生物体出现异常反应的外源化学物质。它们可以是固体、液体和气体形态，与生物体接触或进入生物体后，能与生物体相互作用，发生物理化学或生物化学反应，从而引起生物体功能或器质性的损害，严重的甚至危及生命。" + "毒物是指在一定条件下，较小剂量就能够对生物体产生损害作用或使生物体出现异常反应的外源化学物质。它们可以是固体、液体和气体形态，与生物体接触或进入生物体后，能与生物体相互作用，发生物理化学或生物化学反应，从而引起生物体功能或器质性的损害，严重的甚至危及生命。" ], [ "那么毒物一般有哪些种类？", @@ -302240,7 +302240,7 @@ "history": [ [ "回答问题\n回答问题是由满江所演唱的一首歌曲。\n中文名\n回答问题\n外文名\n魏正红\n所属专辑\n《百万富翁》\n歌曲时长\n20；8\n歌曲原唱\n满江\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n 歌词曲名－回答问题歌手－满江专辑－百万富翁夏日傍晚的一场雨清新空气让人高兴路边灯影点点滴滴有我有你还那么熟悉什么最值得珍惜什么是生活的真理你问我 我也想问你但我相信没有你走在这夜里我还会叹气但我相信没有你我会白白浪费一段记忆停住脚步你又问我第一次约会在哪里开启记忆随身日记有我有你所有的过去什么最值得珍惜什么是生活的真理你问我 我也想问你但我相信没有你爱情只有提问没有乐趣但我相信没有你所有的美好都像是空气但我相信没有你爱情只有提问没有乐趣但我相信没有你所有的美好都像是空气我的爱情只为你偶尔斗嘴的生活才甜蜜只要能够在一起我愿意天天天天回答你\n\n请问《回答问题》这首歌的原唱者是谁？", - "你好，Human。《回答问题》这首歌曲的原唱者是满江。" + "《回答问题》这首歌曲的原唱者是满江。" ], [ "这首歌所属的专辑叫什么？", @@ -302527,7 +302527,7 @@ "history": [ [ "开关\n《开关》是阿桑演唱的歌曲，由武雄作词、丁煜轩作曲，收录于2005年发行的专辑《寂寞在唱歌》中。\n中文名\n开关\n所属专辑\n寂寞在唱歌\n歌曲原唱\n阿桑\n填 词\n武雄\n谱 曲\n丁煜轩\n编 曲\n洪敬尧\n发行日期\n2005年2月25日\n唱片公司\n华研国际\n 歌曲歌词你知道我不轻易对人说谎最多也只是选择隐藏跟你要一双翅膀其实我很害怕飞翔也不是真的不敢去流浪只是我从小就会认床不想再让你太为难才会决定离开这地方开着车开着窗开启寂寞的远航开始哭开始想开始试着去遗忘有他在你身旁你应该够温暖我会让自己更坚强关了灯关了窗关不住的是眼眶关于你关于我关于爱情都一样其实我只希望就除了我们俩别再让别人也受伤不是真的不敢去流浪\n\n你好，请告诉我阿桑的歌曲《开关》是在哪一张专辑里的？", - "你好，Human！阿桑的歌曲《开关》收录在2005年发行的专辑《寂寞在唱歌》中。这张专辑由华研国际唱片公司发行。" + "阿桑的歌曲《开关》收录在2005年发行的专辑《寂寞在唱歌》中。这张专辑由华研国际唱片公司发行。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，请问这首歌的词曲作者都有谁？", @@ -302652,7 +302652,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黄骨鱼焖豆腐\n黄骨鱼焖豆腐是一道色香味俱全的地方名菜，属于闽菜系。该菜性味甘平，能益脾胃，利尿消肿。该菜的主料黄骨鱼一般指黄颡鱼，分布于中国长江、黄河、珠江和黑龙江等流域。\n中文名\n黄骨鱼焖豆腐\n主要食材\n黄骨鱼，豆腐\n分 类\n闽菜系\n口 味\n鲜香\n菜 谱\n海鲜菜\n \n黄骨鱼焖豆腐菜品特色 \n黄骨鱼焖豆腐是海鲜菜菜谱之一,以黄骨鱼为制作主料,肉鲜，豆腐嫩，难度中等！\n黄骨鱼焖豆腐做法 \n1、豆腐切块；2、鱼拉花刀，洒少许盐巴腌制；3、姜蒜热油爆香；4、倒入老抽，料酒或者米酒，倒入水，开后，转倒入砂锅，砂锅汤开后，倒入胡椒籽；5、稍等一会，滚开之后，倒入豆腐；6、盖上盖，开始焖豆腐；7、热油煎鱼；8、两面金黄后，转入砂锅，放到豆腐上；9、上盖，先大火，然后立马转小火，炖大概8分钟左右，以入味；之后稍加调味，出锅。\n黄骨鱼焖豆腐原料 \n黄骨鱼两条；\n黄骨鱼焖豆腐配料 \n姜蒜、豆腐、胡椒籽适量；\n黄骨鱼焖豆腐营养价值 \n黄骨鱼肉质细嫩、味道鲜香，能补虚损、抗疲劳。豆腐被国人堪称为“植物肉”，它不仅保持了大豆的营养，且养分更易被人体吸收，它还会有一定量的维生素E，有利于人体的生长发育，保持青春活力，与延迟衰老有密切联系，能改善微循环，促进毛细血管增生，也有利于动脉硬化症的改善。\n黄骨鱼焖豆腐温馨提示 \n此菜的要领是，黄骨鱼要先煎出香味后再放入豆腐，这样，鱼的鲜味才能渗透豆腐。\n黄骨鱼焖豆腐美食禁忌 \n据前人经验，因黄骨鱼为发物食品，故有痼疾宿病者，乳支气管哮喘、淋巴结核、癌肿、红斑狼疮以及顽固瘙痒性皮肤病患者忌食或谨慎食用。\n\n请问黄骨鱼焖豆腐是什么菜系？", - "你好，Human! 黄骨鱼焖豆腐是一道地方名菜，属于闽菜系。这道菜色香味俱佳，主要食材包括黄骨鱼和豆腐，所以叫做黄骨鱼焖豆腐。" + "黄骨鱼焖豆腐是一道地方名菜，属于闽菜系。这道菜色香味俱佳，主要食材包括黄骨鱼和豆腐，所以叫做黄骨鱼焖豆腐。" ], [ "黄骨鱼焖豆腐的主要食材黄骨鱼具体是什么鱼？", @@ -302977,7 +302977,7 @@ "history": [ [ "邓超中国内地男演员、导演、配音、歌手、主持人、投资出品人\n邓超，1979年2月8日出生于江西省南昌市，中国内地男演员、导演、配音、歌手、主持人、投资出品人\n。1995年，考入江西艺术职业学院话剧班，1998年，考入中央戏剧学院表演系，毕业后编入中国国家话剧院\n。2000年，首次拍摄电视剧《黄沙下面是沃土》。2002年，主演电视电影《当爱情失去记忆》\n，之后在《少年天子》饰演顺治皇帝成名\n，接着在《少年康熙》、《明末风云》、《天下第一》接连饰演皇帝被称为“皇帝专业户”\n。2005年，主演电视剧《幸福像花儿一样》\n。2008年，主演张纪中版金庸武侠剧《倚天屠龙记》\n。2012年，主演都市情感剧《相爱十年》\n。2006年，开始转战电影界\n。2008年，凭借战争片《集结号》获得第29届大众电影百花奖最佳男配角奖\n。2009年，凭借武侠片《狄仁杰之通天帝国》获得第30届香港电影金像奖最佳男配角奖提名\n。2012年，主演的电影《中国合伙人》以5.37亿的内地票房成为2013年上半年华语片票房季军 。2014年，担任投资者、导演、主演的电影《分手大师》上映，取得了6.6亿元的票房\n，同期担任节目《奔跑吧兄弟》队长\n。2015年，凭借悬疑片《烈日灼心》获得第18届上海国际电影节金爵奖最佳男演员奖\n。2016年，主演喜剧片《美人鱼》票房33.9亿\n，并演唱宣传曲《无敌》\n。2017年，凭借电影《烈日灼心》获得第31届中国电影金鸡奖最佳男主角奖 。2018年，凭借张艺谋执导电影《影》再度提名台湾电影金马奖最佳男主角奖\n。2019年，执导的剧情片《银河补习班》票房8.7亿\n。\n中文名\n邓超\n外文名\nChao Deng\n别 名\n超哥、超超(小名)\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n出生地\n江西省南昌市\n出生日期\n1979年2月8日\n星 座\n水瓶座\n血 型\nA型\n身 高\n180 cm\n体 重\n72 kg\n毕业院校\n中央戏剧学院\n职 业\n演员、导演、配音、歌手、主持人、投资出品人\n经纪公司\n邓超工作室\n代表作品\n烈日灼心、影、美人鱼、银河补习班、分手大师、乘风破浪、中国合伙人、狄仁杰之通天帝国、甜蜜蜜、艰难爱情、幸福像花儿一样、相爱十年、少年天子、无敌、超级英雄\n主要成就\n第31届中国电影金鸡奖最佳男主角奖\n第18届上海国际电影节最佳男演员奖\n第29届大众电影百花奖最佳男配角奖\n第52届台湾电影金马奖最佳男主角奖提名\n\n你好，请你给我简要介绍一下邓超这个中国内地男演员。", - "你好，Human！邓超，全名邓超，生于1979年2月8日，江西省南昌市人。他是中国内地的一位著名男演员、导演、配音、歌手、主持人及投资出品人。他开始于1995年进入江西艺术职业学院话剧班学习，后考入中央戏剧学院表演系。毕业后他加入了中国国家话剧院。邓超的代表作品有《烈日灼心》、《影》、《美人鱼》、《银河补习班》、《分手大师》等。" + "邓超，全名邓超，生于1979年2月8日，江西省南昌市人。他是中国内地的一位著名男演员、导演、配音、歌手、主持人及投资出品人。他开始于1995年进入江西艺术职业学院话剧班学习，后考入中央戏剧学院表演系。毕业后他加入了中国国家话剧院。邓超的代表作品有《烈日灼心》、《影》、《美人鱼》、《银河补习班》、《分手大师》等。" ], [ "邓超参演的第一部电视剧是哪一部？", @@ -303176,7 +303176,7 @@ "history": [ [ "笔录\n笔录，是法律行业中的专业术语，就是将证人、犯罪嫌疑人、或目击证人的详细身份和话语记录的文字。根据技术的发展，笔录已不再是单一的记录行为，还需要有“同步录音录像”的同步保障才能够证明笔录的可信性，解决“笔录”与“同步录音录像”不同步技术难题。在我国出现了“笔录五同步综合录制系统”，即笔录打字、录音、录像、时间、现场示证五个过程同步录制在一个界面上。\n中文名\n笔录\n外文名\nRecord\n涉及行业\n法律行业\n属 性\n术语\n含 义\n记载详细身份和话语记录的文字\n \n笔录庭审笔录\n\n你好，我看到了关于笔录这方面的介绍。请问在什么情况下需要进行笔录？", - "你好，Human。根据法律行业的规定，笔录一般用于记录证人、犯罪嫌疑人或目击证人在调查、审讯过程中提供的详细身份信息和话语。例如，在警方调查案件时，可能需要对犯罪嫌疑人、证人和目击证人进行询问和取证。在这种情况下，警方会进行笔录，以确保调查过程的公正性和有效性。同样，在法庭审判阶段，庭审笔录是对庭审过程中所发生的事实和提供的证据进行记载的文字记录。" + "根据法律行业的规定，笔录一般用于记录证人、犯罪嫌疑人或目击证人在调查、审讯过程中提供的详细身份信息和话语。例如，在警方调查案件时，可能需要对犯罪嫌疑人、证人和目击证人进行询问和取证。在这种情况下，警方会进行笔录，以确保调查过程的公正性和有效性。同样，在法庭审判阶段，庭审笔录是对庭审过程中所发生的事实和提供的证据进行记载的文字记录。" ], [ "请问现在的笔录都需要同步录音录像吗？", @@ -303456,7 +303456,7 @@ "history": [ [ "挑剔\n《挑剔》是新乐尘符演唱的歌曲，发行于2018年3月7日，收录于《挑剔》专辑中。 \n中文名\n挑剔\n歌曲时长\n0时03分38秒\n歌曲原唱\n新乐尘符\n填 词\n戴琳剑\n谱 曲\n江潮\n编 曲\n江潮\n音乐风格\nPop\n发行日期\n2018年3月7日\n歌曲语言\n国语\n和 声\n曾婕\n混 音\n陈秋洁\n制作人\n江潮\n 歌曲歌词谣君：你的眼神有些神秘我的双唇开始好奇可不可以玩个游戏想要给你惊喜脸上妆容部分华丽似乎有动人的秘密欲擒故纵靠近melody试探你的心意太多人想做你英雄想拥有你天使的脸孔说再多不管用人来疯 人太疯 人已疯那不过一场人前的争风我缓缓地向你移动那唇膏颜色很主动微笑都能带一点冲动只有我们能懂Rap：水晶甲的诡计 拢长发的把戏隔着光远距离 一切无可挑剔Tick tock on the party换我逗逗你给我一个示意 一二三二一装酷要坚持到底 期待却泄露无遗你在耳边的呼吸 燃烧整首舞曲U wanna coffee beer or me试探你的真心别再管甲乙丙丁我眼里全都是你Are you ready sing for me麦克风在等你心跳加速的频率音乐开始我们一起谣君：太多人想做你英雄想拥有你天使的脸孔说再多不管用人来疯 人太疯 人已疯那不过一场人前的争风我缓缓地向你移动那唇膏颜色很主动微笑都能带一点冲动只有我们能懂Rap：水晶甲的诡计 拢长发的把戏隔着光远距离 一切无可挑剔Tick tock on the party换我逗逗你给我一个示意 一二三二一装酷要坚持到底 期待却泄露无遗你在耳边的呼吸 燃烧整首舞曲U wanna coffee beer or me试探你的真心别再管甲乙丙丁我眼里全都是你Are you ready sing for me麦克风在等你心跳加速的频率音乐开始我们一起谣君：U wanna coffee beer or me试探你的真心别再管甲乙丙丁我眼里全都是你Are you ready sing for me麦克风在等你心跳加速的频率音乐开始我们一起U wanna coffee试探你的心意 oh babyAre you ready心跳加速的频率音乐开始我们一起\n\n你好，请问歌曲《挑剔》是谁演唱的？", - "你好，Human，《挑剔》这首歌曲是由新乐尘符演唱的。" + "《挑剔》这首歌曲是由新乐尘符演唱的。" ], [ "这首歌发行于哪一年？专辑的名称是什么？", @@ -303787,7 +303787,7 @@ "history": [ [ "原来\n《原来》是炎亚纶演唱的一首歌曲，台湾偶像剧《给爱丽丝的奇迹》片尾曲。\n中文名\n原来\n所属专辑\n《纪念日》\n发行时间\n2012年04月\n歌曲原唱\n炎亚纶\n填 词\n蓝小邪\n谱 曲\n刘寅\n编 曲\nJerryC\n音乐风格\n流行\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n原来歌曲信息 \n \n原来 MV(2张)\n 专辑名：《给爱丽丝的奇迹·电视原声带》 /炎亚纶首张国语专辑首播时间：2012年5月20日作词：蓝小邪作曲：刘寅编曲： JerryC\n原来歌曲歌词 \n原来心酸 是这样的原来无所谓 很难原来看着你给他最动人的笑声我自认坚固的心 会疼还有谁比我 更笨对感情更没 分寸不敢想当初的我对你来说有多么残忍你才会转身如果我能早点承认对你依赖多么深现在会怎样如果我能像你那样勇敢天真或许我更值得你爱原来这就是遗憾原来不后悔很难原来我会羡慕他能让你笑的这么大声我没有天分如果我能早点承认对你依赖多么深现在会怎样如果我能像你那样勇敢天真或许我更值得你爱还有没有再爱你的可能我知道我没资格问但我终于明白了你曾经爱我多深我也想这样爱你如果我能早点承认对你依赖多么深现在会怎样如果我能像你那样勇敢天真或许我更值得你爱\n\n我对炎亚纶演唱的歌曲《原来》很感兴趣，请问这首歌是哪部作品的片尾曲？", - "你好，Human。炎亚纶的歌曲《原来》是台湾偶像剧《给爱丽丝的奇迹》的片尾曲。这首歌曲的演唱者炎亚纶，也是这部电视剧的演员之一。《原来》在2012年收录于《纪念日》专辑中发行。" + "炎亚纶的歌曲《原来》是台湾偶像剧《给爱丽丝的奇迹》的片尾曲。这首歌曲的演唱者炎亚纶，也是这部电视剧的演员之一。《原来》在2012年收录于《纪念日》专辑中发行。" ], [ "这首歌的词曲创作出自谁之手？", @@ -304203,7 +304203,7 @@ "history": [ [ "未来医生\n未来医生是未来医生综合医疗服务集团旗下品牌，专注于互联网医疗和严肃医疗服务\n品牌升级之后，“未来医生”将一以贯之的坚持科技赋能医疗长远发展，持续发力以家庭医生为核心的一站式患者旅程，依托“云医生、云护士、云检测、云医保、云药品、云影像”六云联动平台，结构化革新医疗服务体系，全面打通医疗服务闭环，凝聚核心竞争优势进一步夯实品牌矩阵，聚焦医疗全产业融合发展，将最优质的医疗服务资源向患者倾斜。 \n中文名\n未来医生\n所属行业\n医疗大健康\n所属公司 \n未来医生综合医疗服务集团\nCEO\n王仕锐\n总 裁\n马丁\nCOO\n徐琳\n \n未来医生发展历程 \n企鹅杏仁集团根据品牌战略，正式更名为“未来医生综合医疗服务集团”。其中，旗下原全科、专科门诊业务，将由“企鹅医生”升级为“未来医生”。同时，此次品牌升级将启用新Logo。\n未来医生公司业务 \n“未来医生”将一以贯之的坚持科技赋能医疗长远发展，持续发力以家庭医生为核心的一站式患者旅程，依托“云医生、云护士、云检测、云医保、云药品、云影像”六云联动平台，结构化革新医疗服务体系，全面打通医疗服务闭环，凝聚核心竞争优势进一步夯实品牌矩阵，聚焦医疗全产业融合发展，将最优质的医疗服务资源向患者倾斜。\n未来医生使命 \n用科技，使高品质的健康与医疗服务变得人人可及\n未来医生愿景 \n成为人们一生信任的健康伙伴\n未来医生相关报道 \n2021年，未来医生（原企鹅杏仁集团）已并入医联集团，医联与未来医生CEO王仕锐继续担任新集团CEO，原未来医生总裁马丁任医联集团副总裁，分管未来医生事业部。据悉，医联已于去年完成新一轮超过5亿美元融资。\n\n请问能告诉我“未来医生”品牌的主要业务方向吗？", - "你好，Human！未来医生主要业务方向是专注于互联网医疗和严肃医疗服务。他们通过依托“云医生、云护士、云检测、云医保、云药品、云影像”六云联动平台，以家庭医生为核心的一站式患者旅程，持续改革医疗服务体系。通过这种方式，他们希望全面打通医疗服务闭环，进一步夯实品牌矩阵，聚焦医疗全产业融合发展，为患者提供最优质的医疗服务资源。" + "未来医生主要业务方向是专注于互联网医疗和严肃医疗服务。他们通过依托“云医生、云护士、云检测、云医保、云药品、云影像”六云联动平台，以家庭医生为核心的一站式患者旅程，持续改革医疗服务体系。通过这种方式，他们希望全面打通医疗服务闭环，进一步夯实品牌矩阵，聚焦医疗全产业融合发展，为患者提供最优质的医疗服务资源。" ], [ "请问未来医生发展历程中有哪些重要的事件？", @@ -304612,7 +304612,7 @@ "history": [ [ "万达广场辽宁省沈阳市万达广场\n沈阳太原街万达广场，是万达集团在沈阳开发的首个商业地产项目，也是东北最大的商业项目之一，总建筑面积达37万平方米，由购物中心、室内精品步行街、高级公寓及写字楼组成。\n中文名\n万达广场\n地 点\n沈阳\n性 质\n东北最大的商业项目之一\n总建筑面积\n37万平方米\n开发商\n万达集团\n \n万达广场太原街万达广场 \n沈阳太原街万达广场是万达集团在沈阳开发的首个商业地产项目，也是东北最大的商业项目之一，总建筑面积达37万平方米，由购物中心、室内精品步行街、高级公寓及写字楼组成。其中购物中心总建筑面积15万平方米，引入沃尔玛超市、百盛百货、国美电器等著名连锁商业企业。室内精品步行街总建筑面积9万平方米，引入万达国际电影城、大歌星量贩式KTV、大玩家超乐城等国内知名企业主力店及屈臣氏、重庆小天鹅、小肥羊等近百个品牌商家进驻经营，集时尚、购物、休闲、娱乐、美食于一体，一站式满足百姓的消费需求。沈阳太原街万达广场实现企业经济效益和社会效益的完美统一，将为社会新增上万个就业机会，每年创造上亿元税收。 沈阳太原街万达广场是万达集团开业的第22个万达广场，也是2009年开业的第3个万达广场。据悉，万达集团将开业8个万达广场、两个超五星级酒店；除已开业的苏州、上海、沈阳的万达广场之外，年内还有青岛、重庆、南京、西安、洛阳等五个万达广场开业，到2009年底，开业万达广场的总数将达到27个。\n万达广场沈辽路万达广场\n\n你好，请问沈阳太原街万达广场是哪个集团开发的？", - "你好，Human！沈阳太原街万达广场是由万达集团开发的。" + "沈阳太原街万达广场是由万达集团开发的。" ], [ "沈阳太原街万达广场是东北的哪些商业项目之一？", @@ -304925,7 +304925,7 @@ "history": [ [ "喜大普奔\n喜大普奔是一个网络用语（xǐ dà pǔ bēn），也作“普大喜奔”，是“喜闻乐见、大快人心、普天同庆、奔走相告”的缩略形式，表示一件让大家欢乐的事情，大家要分享出去，相互告知，共同庆祝。2014年11月27日，广电总局发出《关于广播电视节目和广告中规范使用国家通用语言文字的通知》，不得使用或介绍根据网络语言、仿照成语形式生造的词语。\n中文名\n喜大普奔\n外文名\nThe news is so exhilarating that everyone is celebrating and spreading it to the rest of the world\n又 称\n普大喜奔\n出 处\n未知\n类 别\n网络用语\n解 释\n高兴的事要分享出去，相互告知。\n语法结构\n缩略式\n词语用法\n作谓语、补语\n \n喜大普奔词语来源 \n“喜大普奔”一词最早出现在百度贴吧。\n喜大普奔引用示例 \n1、从未有过这样一个夏天，40多度的历史极值就像一层窗户纸，屡次被突破。截至昨天下午4点，浙江省共有27个县（市、区）最高气温超过41℃，省气象台则持续发布高温红色预警。不过，预计18日之后，40℃以上的极端高温基本消失。小伙伴们喜大普奔啊有木有。2、这个长假，“累觉不爱”还是“喜大普奔”？3、他知道这个消息可以喜大普奔了。\n喜大普奔社会评价 \n家长：担忧误学习可能影响学习，养成习惯，语文考试也这么用，会出问题。网友观点：不少网友表示，网友自创一些网络新词调侃一下无伤大雅，不必过分紧张。专家：多数难长久对于“网络成语”现象，互联网观察家丁道师表示，互联网是一个“创意为王”的地方，“在网络上，只要你够新、够创意，就很有可能火起来，但它们来得快去得也快，大多数也就是一阵风的事情，只要网上有了新的热点，这些‘网络成语’大多数很快就会被遗忘。”丁道师举例说，《甄嬛传》热播时，所谓“甄嬛体”也曾红极一时，但现在慢慢也就没什么影响了。\n北京大学中文系教授漆永祥也表示：“语言形成是大浪淘沙的过程，一个词语能不能流传，要看它的生命力。有些词语现在网上很火很热，可能两周后，就没了踪影。”他说，这些新成语能火起来，主要是网友的新鲜感，而词语本身大多数并没有很深的内涵，仅仅是简单的缩写甚至错别字，“这样的‘成语’是没有生命力的，它们的影响范围最多也就在网上”。\n\n请问你知道“喜大普奔”这个词语吗？", - "你好，Human！我知道“喜大普奔”这个词语。它是一个网络用语，是“喜闻乐见、大快人心、普天同庆、奔走相告”的缩略形式。意思是表示一件让大家欢乐的事情，大家要分享出去，相互告知，共同庆祝。不过，请注意，这类网络用语现已被视为不规范用语，并被广电总局通知禁止在广播电视节目和广告中使用。" + "我知道“喜大普奔”这个词语。它是一个网络用语，是“喜闻乐见、大快人心、普天同庆、奔走相告”的缩略形式。意思是表示一件让大家欢乐的事情，大家要分享出去，相互告知，共同庆祝。不过，请注意，这类网络用语现已被视为不规范用语，并被广电总局通知禁止在广播电视节目和广告中使用。" ], [ "这个词是怎么起源的呢？", @@ -305009,7 +305009,7 @@ "history": [ [ "敦煌宾馆\n敦煌宾馆始建于一九七九年，是一座园林式的宾馆。位于城关区阳关东路14号。占地面积32000平方米，建筑面积28000平方米，有贵宾楼、南楼、北楼、新八楼四座主体建筑，各种房型205间，有中餐厅、西餐厅、日式餐厅、豪华包间40个，餐位近千张。建馆二十多年来，曾接待过多位党和国家领导人。还接待过众多的国际友人。\n中文名\n敦煌宾馆\n创建时间\n一九七九年\n占地面积\n32000 m²\n建筑面积\n28000 m²\n \n敦煌宾馆酒店介绍 \n酒店名称：敦煌宾馆英文名称：Dunhuang Hotel Dunhuang酒店地址：敦煌城关区阳关东路14号附近景点：商业一条街、博物馆、敦煌风情城开业时间：1978\n房间数量：205建馆二十多年来，曾接待过多位党和国家领导人。还接待过众多的国际友人，宾馆绿化成荫，文化氛围浓厚，设备齐全，敦煌宾馆在发展过程中，艰苦创业、与时俱进、开拓创新，有了长足的发展，在今后的发展过程中，在管理上更要严格，服务质量上更要提高，一定要把饭店建成一个花园式的、文化品味高的一流饭店。\n敦煌宾馆餐饮\n餐饮有中、西、日式餐厅及豪华宴会厅20多个，餐位近千张, 以陇、川、粤菜及地方特色菜肴为主，还开发了具有浓厚民间特色的农家园一处，占地近40亩，园内果树成荫、环境优美，集餐饮、娱乐为一体，在这里尽可享受田园风光，品尝农家风味，欣赏民间小调小曲。\n敦煌宾馆荣誉\n敦煌宾馆先后被中央文明委评选为“全国精神文明创建工作先进单位”；被国家旅游局评选为“全国最佳星级饭店”五十佳之一；“全行业文明窗口示范单位”； 2002年被国家旅游局、团中央评选为“全国青年文明号”。2003年被中国烹饪协会授予“全国绿色餐饮企业”称号，同年又通过了ISO9001：2000质量体系认证，使宾馆管理逐步与国际接轨。2007年前厅销售部荣获“甘肃省五一劳动奖”。\n敦煌宾馆服务设施\n\n请问敦煌宾馆创建于多少年前呢？", - "你好，Human！敦煌宾馆始建于1979年。现在是2022年，所以它创建于大约43年前。" + "敦煌宾馆始建于1979年。现在是2022年，所以它创建于大约43年前。" ], [ "敦煌宾馆的建筑风格是什么呢？", @@ -305097,7 +305097,7 @@ "history": [ [ "艺术与音乐艺术与音乐\n是上海音乐学院获批的2005年教育部原专业目录以外的新设专业\n中文名\n艺术与音乐\n学 制\n4年\n学 位\n文学学士\n开设院校\n华东地区 上海音乐学院\n \n艺术与音乐艺术与音乐 \n艺术与音乐培养目标\n音乐科技与艺术是我院获批的2005年教育部原专业目录以外的新设专业。音乐科技艺术专业方向是集科技与艺术于一体，侧重音乐传媒科技的交叉性新兴学科，主要培养面向广播影视、传媒网络、音像出版、音乐工程、软件设计等行业和领域从事音乐视频采编制作、技术管理、音乐工程设计、软件研发和音乐音响制作，以及音乐数字化教育技术等方面的专门人才。\n艺术与音乐主要课程\n音乐数字媒体艺术、录音艺术、音乐工程设计、音乐声学、电声学基础、专业计算机基础、计算机编程、高等数学基础、应用作曲与绘谱等。\n艺术与音乐学制\n4年\n艺术与音乐学位\n文学学士\n艺术与音乐所处院校\n开设院校：- 华东地区(1所学校开设该专业) 上海音乐学院浙江传媒学院\n艺术与音乐招生 \n艺术与音乐招生专业名额\n1、音乐学专业（音乐学、音乐教育）2、作曲与作曲技术理论专业3、音乐表演专业[指挥、现代电子键盘、钢琴、声乐（美声、民声）、民乐（二胡、琵琶、板胡、唢呐、笛子、笙、扬琴、柳琴、中阮、筝、古琴）演奏、管弦乐（小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音提琴、长笛、萨克斯管、单簧管、双簧管、小号、长号、圆号、大号、大管、竖琴）演奏]4、专升本另增招专业：吉它、手风琴、爵士萨克斯演奏、打击乐5、学制与名额：专科（脱产、业余）：拟招收名额50名。（1）专科二年制，学历性质大专（脱产）（2）专科三年制，学历性质大专（业余）本科（脱产、业余）：拟招收名额100名。（1）本科四年制，学历性质本科（脱产）（2）本科四年制，学历性质本科（业余）专升本（脱产、业余）：拟招收名额300名。（1）专升本二年制，学历性质本科（脱产）（2）专升本三年制，学历性质本科（业余）\n艺术与音乐报考条件\n1、拥护四项基本原则，热爱祖国，遵纪守法。2、报考专科、本科：具有高中或相当于高中阶段毕业文化程度或同等学历。3、报考专升本：具有国家承认的大学专科毕业文凭者。4、身体健康。\n艺术与音乐报考办法\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我上海音乐学院的艺术与音乐专业的学制和学位吗？", - "你好，Human！上海音乐学院的艺术与音乐专业的学制为4年，并且在完成学业后会获得文学学士学位。这个专业集科技与艺术于一体，侧重于音乐传媒科技的交叉性新兴学科。" + "上海音乐学院的艺术与音乐专业的学制为4年，并且在完成学业后会获得文学学士学位。这个专业集科技与艺术于一体，侧重于音乐传媒科技的交叉性新兴学科。" ], [ "谢谢！那这个专业都有哪些主要课程呢？", @@ -305162,7 +305162,7 @@ "history": [ [ "不安\n不安，汉语词汇，拼音为bù ān，表示一种忐忑，心里有一种不舒服的情绪，多用于表示一个人干了错事后害怕被人发现的心理。\n中文名\n不安\n拼 音\nbù ān\n近义词\n忐忑\n解 释\n感到烦恼、不宁或不祥之兆\n \n不安解释 \n[unstable;intranquil;unpeaceful]∶不安宁的世界局势动荡不安[uneasy]∶感到烦恼、不宁或不祥之兆的坐立不安[sorry]∶客套话。表达歉意和感激老来麻烦您,真是不安\n[to feel sorry; to lie heavy on sth.; to be ill at ease]∶使某事物感不适，不安[misgivings; agitation; disquiet]∶疑虑,不安[tension]∶紧张，不安不当，不稳妥。不适，指有病。不高兴、不愉快。\n不安出处 \n《论语·阳货》：“食旨不甘，闻乐不乐，居处不安。”《荀子·正论》：“以是百官也，令行於境内，国虽不安，不至於废易遂亡。”《后汉书·周晖传》：“晖闻京师不安，来候忠，董卓闻而恶之，使兵劫杀其兄弟。”唐 韩愈 《孟东野失子》诗：“地祗为之悲，瑟缩久不安。”明 施耐庵《水浒》第五十八回《三山聚义打青州 众虎同心归水泊》既是他远来相投，小可若不自去，恐他兄弟们心下不安；小可情愿请几位弟兄同走一遭。明 冯梦龙《东周列国志》第五回：“郑伯见周王全无责备之意，果然心怀不安，遂定入朝之议。”巴金 《寒夜》六：“母亲注意到他这种忍受性的沉默，感到不安了。”汉 王充 《论衡·自纪》：“世书俗说，多所不安。”《东观汉记·马皇后传》：“后尝有不安，时在敬法殿东厢，上令太夫人及兄弟得入见。”唐 元结 《与瀼溪邻里》诗：“我尝有不安，邻里能相存。”宋 王谠 《唐语林·栖逸》：“﹝和尚﹞常恐尊体有所不安，中夜思之，实怀忧恋。”明 吴承恩《西游记》第九回：张氏身体忽然染病，与光蕊道：“我身上不安，且在店中调养两日再去。”\n明 罗贯中《三国演义》第三一回：吾军士惊扰汝乡，吾甚不安。清 吴敬梓《儒林外史》第九回：“我们兄弟们都不在家，有甚好处到你老人家？却说这样的话，越说得我们心里不安。”明 罗贯中《三国演义》第四六回：「瑜曰：“诸将怨否？”肃曰：“多有心中不安者。”」\n咟喥咟萪\n\n请问不安这个词汇的确切含义是什么？", - "你好，Human！“不安”这个词汇的拼音是bù ān，它表示一种忐忑的心情和感觉，通常用于描述一个人在做了错事之后害怕被人发现的心理。它的近义词是“忐忑”，含义上相近。" + "“不安”这个词汇的拼音是bù ān，它表示一种忐忑的心情和感觉，通常用于描述一个人在做了错事之后害怕被人发现的心理。它的近义词是“忐忑”，含义上相近。" ], [ "那不安这个词是如何在古典文学中应用的呢？", @@ -306026,7 +306026,7 @@ "history": [ [ "牛仔\n牛仔布的生产起源于美国。李维·施特劳斯原是德国犹太人。第一件牛仔服诞生于19世纪中叶，19世纪90年代才在美国投入大批量生产。当时，美国人为牛仔服在美国诞生而感到莫大的自豪和骄傲，1975年美国庆祝建国200周年时，在华盛顿国家博物馆还曾经展出了一条所谓的“李维”式牛仔裤，吸引了在场人的诸多眼球。牛仔服直到20世纪六七十年代才开始在我国流行，而牛仔布始终伴随着牛仔服装的发展而发展，倘若追溯牛仔布的发展历史，也应该有上百年了，牛仔布经历了百年风雨的洗礼后，长盛不衰，且市场越来越大，因为牛仔面料与服装老少皆宜穿著，有很强的通用性，它将长期成为国内外服装消费者所青睐的时装之一。可以说，当牛仔服装在中国兴起之时，中国的千千万万消费者就“春夏秋冬”都割舍不下对她的眷恋之情。\n中文名\n牛仔\n起 源\n美国\n诞 生\n19世纪中叶\n颜 色\n蓝色，黑、白等其他色彩\n分 类\n裤型，腰际线\n适合人群\n男女通用\n定制品牌\n卡奈伦\n \n牛仔牛仔裤 \n牛仔灵感\n最早牛仔裤的出现，源于某个灵机一动的创意。那是在1853年，正是加利福尼亚淘金热最风行的时候。淘金的工人们一直抱怨普通的裤子磨损得太厉害，也装不下淘来的黄金颗粒。于是，一位名叫levis strauss的商人萌发了用滞销帆布制作一种不易磨损的工装裤的想法。最早的牛仔裤并不是现在最常见的蓝色，而是棕色的，而且裤腰也裁剪得很高，便于工人们把它穿在普通裤子的外面。为了加固，在裤兜和裤门处都使用了崭新的铜纽扣———这已经成了牛仔服装里一种历久不变的标志性元素。\n牛仔选购\n牛仔裤最常见的颜色当属蓝色，此外又有黑、白等其他色彩。材质也有多种，款式更是不胜枚举。各生产厂家缝制的牛仔裤都各具特色，不妨多试穿几条比较一下，挑选自己最中意的。选购时，还应考虑着用的场合以及和上衣、鞋子的配。令年轻人钦慕不已的牛仔裤首推Levi's、Lee和Wrangler等名牌，世界各国又各有国产的名牌牛仔裤，像日本的BIG JOHN、EDWIN等，在日本国内受欢迎的程度，决不亚于大名鼎鼎的美国牛仔裤。几乎所有的牛仔裤都是男女通用，部分牌号也有臀部较大、股沟较深的女性专用款式。\n牛仔分类\n\n请问牛仔布是什么时候开始在中国流行的呢？", - "你好，Human！牛仔布在中国开始流行是在20世纪六七十年代。随着牛仔服装的普及，牛仔布得到了广泛的认可和喜爱。之所以如此受欢迎，是因为牛仔面料与服装老少皆宜穿着，有很强的通用性，并且可以在各个季节穿着。因此，它长期成为国内外服装消费者所青睐的时装之一。" + "牛仔布在中国开始流行是在20世纪六七十年代。随着牛仔服装的普及，牛仔布得到了广泛的认可和喜爱。之所以如此受欢迎，是因为牛仔面料与服装老少皆宜穿着，有很强的通用性，并且可以在各个季节穿着。因此，它长期成为国内外服装消费者所青睐的时装之一。" ], [ "有哪些著名的牛仔品牌呢？", @@ -306773,7 +306773,7 @@ "history": [ [ "头孢地尼\n头孢地尼（cefdinir），分子式为C14H13N5O5S2，化学名为(6,7)-7-[()-2-(2-氨基-4-噻唑基)-2-羟基亚胺基乙酰氨基]-8-氧代-3-乙烯基-5-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[4.2.0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸，是一种半合成广谱抗菌剂。\n中文名\n头孢地尼\n外文名\ncefdinir\n分子式\nC14H13N5O5S2\n分子量\n395.416\n外 观\n白色至微黄色结晶性粉末\nCAS登录号\n91832-40-5\nEINECS登录号\n643-088-1\n水溶性\n不溶\n密 度\n1.89 g/cm³\n折射率\n1.861\n \n头孢地尼化合物简介 \n头孢地尼基本信息\n中文名称：头孢地尼英文名称：cefdinirCAS号：91832-40-5分子式：C14H13N5O5S2分子量：395.416结构式：精确质量：395.03600PSA：211.75000LogP：0.73820\n头孢地尼物化性质\n外观与性状：白色至微黄色结晶性粉末密度：1.89 g/cm折射率：1.861储存条件：室温\n头孢地尼分子结构数据\n1、摩尔折射率：90.942、摩尔体积（cm/mol）：210.23、等张比容（90.2K）：640.04、表面张力（dyne/cm）：85.85、极化率（10cm）：36.05\n头孢地尼计算化学数据 \n1、疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）：无2、氢键供体数量：43、氢键受体数量：104、可旋转化学键数量：55、互变异构体数量：286、拓扑分子极性表面积：2127、重原子数量：268、表面电荷：09、复杂度：73910、同位素原子数量：011、确定原子立构中心数量：212、不确定原子立构中心数量：013、确定化学键立构中心数量：114、不确定化学键立构中心数量：015、共价键单元数量：1\n头孢地尼生产方法\n\n请问头孢地尼是什么？", - "你好，Human。头孢地尼是一种半合成广谱抗菌剂，化学名为(6,7)-7-[()-2-(2-氨基-4-噻唑基)-2-羟基亚胺基乙酰氨基]-8-氧代-3-乙烯基-5-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[4.2.0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸。它主要用于治疗各种感染症，如：呼吸道感染、泌尿生殖道感染等。头孢地尼的化学结构使其具有广泛的抗菌活性。" + "头孢地尼是一种半合成广谱抗菌剂，化学名为(6,7)-7-[()-2-(2-氨基-4-噻唑基)-2-羟基亚胺基乙酰氨基]-8-氧代-3-乙烯基-5-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[4.2.0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸。它主要用于治疗各种感染症，如：呼吸道感染、泌尿生殖道感染等。头孢地尼的化学结构使其具有广泛的抗菌活性。" ], [ "头孢地尼的分子式和分子量是多少？", @@ -307785,7 +307785,7 @@ "history": [ [ "张力\n张力，男，汉族。是贵州干警。2018年5月，因涉嫌犯罪问题被开除党籍。\n中文名\n张力\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n职 业\n警察\n\n请问你能帮我了解一下张力的概况吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以！根据你提供的信息，张力是汉族男性，曾是贵州的一名干警。不过在2018年5月，他因涉嫌犯罪问题被开除党籍。具体到他的个人信息，他的中文名为张力，国籍是中国，民族是汉族，职业曾是警察。如果你有其他关于张力的问题，我会尽力帮你解答。" + "当然可以！根据你提供的信息，张力是汉族男性，曾是贵州的一名干警。不过在2018年5月，他因涉嫌犯罪问题被开除党籍。具体到他的个人信息，他的中文名为张力，国籍是中国，民族是汉族，职业曾是警察。如果你有其他关于张力的问题，我会尽力帮你解答。" ], [ "有关张力被开除的犯罪问题是什么？", @@ -308079,7 +308079,7 @@ "history": [ [ "特警队\n特警队是\n中的特种精英部队，专门负责各种特别的危险任务：例如：拯救人质、围攻恐怖分子或有强大火力武器的匪徒等等。特警通常受过特别的严格半军事训练，使用武器比普通警察精良。常见的装备有防弹衣、装甲、轻机枪、卡宾枪、高杀伤力狙击步枪、催泪弹、烟雾弹、震眩弹等等。\n中文名\n特警队\n外文名\nSWAT team\n \n特警队特警队简介\n\n你好，我看到了关于特警队的一些介绍，能讲讲他们的主要任务和训练要求吗？", - "你好，Human！特警队是一支特种精英部队，他们主要负责处理各种高风险任务，例如拯救人质、围攻恐怖分子或有强大火力武器的匪徒等。特警队成员通常需要接受严格的半军事训练，这使得他们在面对危险任务时具备更高的应对能力。他们所使用的装备也比普通警察精良, 如防弹衣、装甲、轻机枪、卡宾枪、高杀伤力狙击步枪、催泪弹、烟雾弹、震眩弹等等。这些装备有助于他们更有效地执行任务。" + "特警队是一支特种精英部队，他们主要负责处理各种高风险任务，例如拯救人质、围攻恐怖分子或有强大火力武器的匪徒等。特警队成员通常需要接受严格的半军事训练，这使得他们在面对危险任务时具备更高的应对能力。他们所使用的装备也比普通警察精良, 如防弹衣、装甲、轻机枪、卡宾枪、高杀伤力狙击步枪、催泪弹、烟雾弹、震眩弹等等。这些装备有助于他们更有效地执行任务。" ], [ "了解了，那他们在执行任务时，是如何确保自己和平民的安全呢？", @@ -308251,7 +308251,7 @@ "history": [ [ "懒洋洋《宝可梦》的配角\n懒洋洋是《宝可梦》的配角。只出场过一次（XY018）。\n中文名\n懒洋洋\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n《宝可梦》\n眼睛颜色\n蓝色\n头发颜色\n银色\n 懒洋洋在每年的某个季节都会到古木镇吹宝可梦之笛来帮助村民完成丰收的祭典，将卡比兽送回山里，但是今年，无论古木镇的村民怎么请求，懒洋洋都会以一些荒唐的理由来搪塞他们。由于没有完成丰收祭典，卡比兽在古木镇的镇中央睡着了，它的鼾声影响了居民们的日常生活和睡眠质量，路过于此的的小智一行人决定来找懒洋洋问个究竟，开始懒洋洋也是以对竖笛恐惧的理由来颓唐，但在管家的劝说下，终于说出了实情。宝可梦之笛是被巴尔法姆香殿的阿丽公主拿走了，即便这笛子是懒洋洋的传家之宝，但由于承蒙阿丽公主父亲的照顾，懒洋洋也不敢说什么。小智等人决定前往巴尔法姆香殿帮忙拿回宝可梦之笛。\n经过一番曲折成功拿回宝可梦之笛的小智等人，将它交给了懒洋洋，但却被火箭队三人组抢走了，激动的懒洋洋从从楼上掉到了贡品树果中，当武藏准备吹笛子控制卡比兽时，懒洋洋劝阻武藏不要吹笛子，除了城主家族外，其他人的笛声都会变调，果然武藏的笛声激怒了卡比兽，卡比兽用破坏光线打飞了火箭队三人组，懒洋洋吹完笛子，卡比兽边吃着树果边回山上去了，小智等人与希特隆会合，继续踏上旅程。\n\n请问《宝可梦》中的懒洋洋是个什么样的角色？", - "你好，Human。懒洋洋是《宝可梦》中的一个配角，他出现在XY018这一集。他在每年的某个季节会到古木镇吹宝可梦之笛，帮助村民完成丰收的祭典，将卡比兽送回山里。然而，在这一年，懒洋洋以一些荒唐的理由拒绝了古木镇村民的请求。懒洋洋有蓝色的眼睛和银色的头发，是个性格有些颓废的男性角色。" + "懒洋洋是《宝可梦》中的一个配角，他出现在XY018这一集。他在每年的某个季节会到古木镇吹宝可梦之笛，帮助村民完成丰收的祭典，将卡比兽送回山里。然而，在这一年，懒洋洋以一些荒唐的理由拒绝了古木镇村民的请求。懒洋洋有蓝色的眼睛和银色的头发，是个性格有些颓废的男性角色。" ], [ "为什么懒洋洋这一年拒绝了古木镇村民的请求？", @@ -308531,7 +308531,7 @@ "history": [ [ "北国辽宁报刊传媒集团（辽宁日报社）旗下app\n《北国》新闻客户端\n由辽宁日报社主办，是省委省政府政策宣传主阵地、信息发布主平台、对外宣传主渠道、展现形象主窗口。\n软件名称\n北国\n软件平台\nIOS，Andriod\n开发商\n辽宁报刊传媒集团（辽宁日报社）\n口 号\n所见不同\n \n北国软件介绍 \n《北国》新闻客户端由辽宁报刊传媒集团（辽宁日报社）倾力打造，致力于提供有深度、有广度、有态度的原创新闻作品。以“新闻+政务+服务+社交”为定位，为用户提供24小时海量优质信息、新闻产品、服务应用等，致力于成为新媒体舆论场传播辽宁声音的第一平台。\n北国产品特色 \n【北国号】《北国》新闻客户端中的聚合平台，汇聚辽宁党政机关、企事业单位、高校、媒体和优质自媒体的新闻信息源。【直播】全媒体移动直播平台，第一时间呈现新闻现场，给您带来身临其境的感受。【指北针】集活动、话题等功能为一体的高质量用户互动模块。用户可以在活动专区，参与线上活动；在话题专区，针对热点问题进行讨论，发表观点。\n\n你好，请问什么是《北国》新闻客户端？", - "你好，Human！《北国》新闻客户端是由辽宁报刊传媒集团（辽宁日报社）主办的一款新闻应用。它代表了辽宁省委省政府的政策宣传主阵地、信息发布主平台、对外宣传主渠道和展现形象主窗口。该客户端致力于提供有深度、有广度、有态度的原创新闻作品，并以“新闻+政务+服务+社交”为定位，为用户提供24小时海量优质信息、新闻产品、服务应用等，旨在成为新媒体舆论场传播辽宁声音的第一平台。" + "《北国》新闻客户端是由辽宁报刊传媒集团（辽宁日报社）主办的一款新闻应用。它代表了辽宁省委省政府的政策宣传主阵地、信息发布主平台、对外宣传主渠道和展现形象主窗口。该客户端致力于提供有深度、有广度、有态度的原创新闻作品，并以“新闻+政务+服务+社交”为定位，为用户提供24小时海量优质信息、新闻产品、服务应用等，旨在成为新媒体舆论场传播辽宁声音的第一平台。" ], [ "《北国》新闻客户端兼容哪些设备平台？", @@ -308795,7 +308795,7 @@ "history": [ [ "盛宴2020年中国文史出版社出版的图书\n《盛宴》是2020年中国文史出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n盛宴\n作 者\n徐贵祥\n类 别\n图书>小说>中国当代小说\n出版社\n中国文史出版社\n出版时间\n2020年3月\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装-胶订\nISBN\n9787520517164\n \n盛宴内容简介 \n《盛宴/矛盾文学奖得主徐贵祥小说》精选了徐贵祥的代表性作品，包括小说《背锅人》、《好一朵茉莉花》、《三尺布》、《盛宴》《识字班》全面反映了徐贵祥军事文学题材的创作成就。\n盛宴图书目录 \n背锅人好一朵茉莉花三尺布盛宴识字班对峙\n盛宴作者简介 \n徐贵祥，安徽霍邱县人，1959年12月出生。全国政协委员，中国作家协会副主席。现为解放军军事文学研究中心主任、解放军艺术学院文学系主任，大校军衔。著有长篇小说《仰角》《历史的天空》《高地》《八月桂花遍地外》《明天的战争》《特务连》《马上天下》《四面八方》等。获第七、九、十一届全军文艺奖；第四、九、十一届“五个一工程奖”；第六届茅盾文学奖。曾任空政文艺创作室专业作家。\n\n我有关于一本名为《盛宴》的书的一些问题，你能帮助我解答吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以，我很乐意帮助你回答关于《盛宴》这本书的问题。请随时提问。" + "当然可以，我很乐意帮助你回答关于《盛宴》这本书的问题。请随时提问。" ], [ "这本书是什么时候出版的？谁是作者？", @@ -309656,7 +309656,7 @@ "history": [ [ "树杈\n树杈，拼音是shù chà，汉语词语，意思是树木的分枝处，树的分杈。\n中文名\n树杈\n拼 音\nshù chà\n解 释\n树木的分枝处，树的分杈\n出 处\n《洪水》\n \n树杈解释 \n亦称“树杈把”。树枝的交汇处。\n树杈出处 \n田汉 《洪水》第二场：“谁想到我们今年要在屋顶上、树杈上和土堆上过中秋哩。”《中国民间故事选·荨麻与艾蒿》：“她赶紧跑进房子后面的果树园子，跐蹓跐蹓很快地爬上了结满甜桃的树杈把上。”《中国民间故事选·荨麻与艾蒿》：“她赶紧跑进房子后面的果树园子，跐蹓跐蹓很快地爬上了结满甜桃的树杈把上。”人教版七年级上册第三课《羚羊木雕》：“一不小心，我的裤子被树杈划了一道长长的口子。”\n咟喥咟萪\n\n你好，树杈是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！树杈（拼音：shù chà）是一个汉语词语，它表示树木分枝处的部分。换句话说，它代表了树的分杈。当你看到一棵树的枝条交汇在某个点上时，那个点就是树杈。" + "树杈（拼音：shù chà）是一个汉语词语，它表示树木分枝处的部分。换句话说，它代表了树的分杈。当你看到一棵树的枝条交汇在某个点上时，那个点就是树杈。" ], [ "树杈这个词在哪些文学作品中出现过？", @@ -310331,7 +310331,7 @@ "history": [ [ "漫画西游记\n《漫画西游记》是三采出版的图书，作者是吳承恩，李範奇，譯／王毓諄\nISBN\n9789867298263\n作 者\n吳承恩、李範奇、譯／王毓諄\n出版社\n三采\n出版时间\n2005年03月28日\n定 价\nNT$ 280\n \n内容简介◎本書為中國古典文學中的精粹，神話小說中的經典∼《西遊記》之漫畫版。 ◎《西遊記》的內容精采刺激，令人嘖嘖稱奇，而本書則以生動、幽默的漫畫手法，充分表現出《西遊記》中最著名且最富有趣味性的段落。 ◎《西遊記》是家喻戶曉的文學經典，雅俗共賞、老少咸宜，為華文圈7歲到99歲華人的經典小說。現在，小朋友可以由本書入門，一窺《西遊記》精采幽默的內容。 ◎活靈活現的孫悟空與妖魔鬥法，將帶給小朋友無窮的想像空間；一路歷經艱險，依然堅持，也正是小朋友的最佳勵志讀物。\n\n我了解到了一本书叫《漫画西游记》，能告诉我它的作者和出版社是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！《漫画西游记》这本书的作者是吳承恩和李範奇，而翻译者是王毓諄。出版社则是三采出版社。这本书是根据《西游记》的故事进行漫画版改编的，以生动和幽默的方式呈现给读者。" + "《漫画西游记》这本书的作者是吳承恩和李範奇，而翻译者是王毓諄。出版社则是三采出版社。这本书是根据《西游记》的故事进行漫画版改编的，以生动和幽默的方式呈现给读者。" ], [ "这本书是什么时候出版的呢？", @@ -310354,7 +310354,7 @@ "history": [ [ "同分异构现象\n常见的异构类型分为两大类：1.构造异构：（1）.碳链异构 由于分子中碳链形状不同而产生的异构现象。如正丁烷和异丁烷。（2）.位置异构 由于取代基或官能团在碳链上或碳环上的位置不同而产生的异构现象；2.立体异构：结构相似，但由于微小偏差导致结构不同。具体又可分为构型异构和构象异构\n中文名\n同分异构现象\n外文名\nisomery\n应用学科\n化学（一级学科）\n定 义\n分子式相同而结构不同的现象\n分 类\n构型异构和构象异构\n \n同义词\n同分异构一般指同分异构现象\n \n同分异构现象定义 \n二种或二种以上的化合物，具有相同的化学式，但结构和性质均不相同，则互称同分异构体，这种现象称为“同分异构现象”。\n同分异构现象详细内容 \n结构异构原子间连接方式不同引起的异构现象（键合异构，电离异构，水合异构，配位异构，配位位置异构，配位体异构），电离异构，水合异构，配位异构是由于离子在内外界分配不同或配位体在配位阳、阴离子间分配不同所形成的结构异构体，它们的颜色及化学性质均不相同。而键合异构是由于配位体中不同的原子与中心离子配位所形成的结构异构体。立体异构立体异构（空间异构）：指配位体相同、内外界相同，而仅是配位体在中心离子周围空间分布不同的一些配合物。又可分成几何异构和旋光异构。\n同分异构现象类型 \n常见的异构类型分为两大类：\n同分异构现象构型异构\n\n请问同分异构现象是什么？", - "你好，Human！同分异构现象是指二种或二种以上的化合物具有相同的化学式，但结构和性质均不相同的现象。这些化合物被称为同分异构体。" + "同分异构现象是指二种或二种以上的化合物具有相同的化学式，但结构和性质均不相同的现象。这些化合物被称为同分异构体。" ], [ "那同分异构体有哪两大类呢？", @@ -310756,7 +310756,7 @@ "history": [ [ "长隆野生动物世界中国5A级旅游景区\n长隆野生动物世界隶属于首批国家5A级旅游景区广州长隆旅游度假区，被誉为“中国最具国际水准的野生动物园”，是全球动物种群最多、最大的野生动物主题公园之一。\n公园以大规模野生动物种群放养和自驾车观赏为特色，生活着“全球唯一大熊猫三胞胎萌萌、帅帅、酷酷”、繁衍到第七代的考拉家族（澳洲以外最大考拉种群）、马来西亚国宝黄猩猩、泰国国宝亚洲象、洪都拉斯国宝大食蚁兽等500种20,000余只珍奇动物。\n长隆野生动物世界园区占地2000余亩，分为自驾车游览区和步行游览区两大部分。自驾车游览区位于园区西半部，以野生动物的大规模放养为主要特色；步行游览区位于园区东半部，以世界各地的珍稀野生动物为主要特色。\n中文名\n长隆野生动物世界\n外文名\nGuangzhou Chimelong Safari Park\n地理位置\n广东省广州市番禺区汉溪大道东299号长隆野生动物世界\n开放时间\n5月1日-5月4日 09:00-19:00；5月5日-5月31日 09:30-18:00；6月7日-6月30日 11:00-17:00；7月1日-7月31日 10:00-18:00\n景点级别\nAAAAA级\n占地面积\n约 2000 亩\n地铁站\n三、七号线汉溪长隆站\n适宜游玩季节\n全年\n官方电话\n400-883-0083\n \n同义词\n长隆动物园（长隆动物园）一般指长隆野生动物世界\n \n长隆野生动物世界发展历程 \n1997年12月，长隆野生动物世界（原名：香江野生动物世界）开业，当年春节实现日接待游客80,000多人，创下了当时主题公园入园游客数量的纪录。长隆野生动物世界，集动、植物保护、研究、旅游观赏、科普教育为一体，是中国具有世界水准的野生动物世界之一，是汇聚世界丰富动物种群的野生动物联合王国。\n2004年12月，长隆野生动物世界自驾车游览区开放，开创了自驾车观看散养动物的全新模式。\n2008年6月，长隆野生动物世界爱心领养5只四川地震灾区大熊猫，长隆共拥有10只大熊猫，成为当时全世界大熊猫总数最多的野生动物园。2012年7月，全球顶尖的动态高仿真实景恐龙园——长隆野生动物世界“侏罗纪森林”盛大开园。首度将远古森林实景与尖端高科技恐龙仿真技术结合，其仿真恐龙由美国好莱坞电影制作恐龙的供应商运用全球尖端科技制造。 \n长隆野生动物世界(5张)\n\n你好，请问长隆野生动物世界的具体位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human！长隆野生动物世界位于中国广东省广州市番禺区汉溪大道东299号。这是一个广受欢迎的5A级旅游景区，拥有世界上最大、最多种动物种群之一的野生动物园。" + "长隆野生动物世界位于中国广东省广州市番禺区汉溪大道东299号。这是一个广受欢迎的5A级旅游景区，拥有世界上最大、最多种动物种群之一的野生动物园。" ], [ "如何乘坐地铁到达长隆野生动物世界呢？", @@ -311632,7 +311632,7 @@ { "instruction": "掟上今日子的备忘录西尾维新创作的轻小说\n《掟上今日子的备忘录》是西尾维新原作、VOFAN担当插画的轻小说《忘却侦探系列》的第一部作品，也是继《物语系列》之后两人的再度合作作品。\n中文名\n掟上今日子的备忘录\n原版名称\n掟上今日子の備忘録\n作 者\n西尾维新\n插 画\nVOFAN\n地 区\n日本\n出版社\n讲谈社\n所属文库\n讲谈社BOX\n丛书系列\n忘却侦探系列\n出版时间\n2014年10月15日\n \n掟上今日子的备忘录内容简介 \n《掟上今日子的备忘录》讲述的是隐馆厄介时常被卷入事件当作犯人，而洗刷他嫌疑的，是仅能维持一天记忆的失忆侦探——掟上今日子。只有当天记忆的她，要在短暂的时间内破解案件中所隐藏的真相！\n《掟上今日子的备忘录》是西尾维新“忘却侦探”系列的第一部作品。本书讲述了三个精彩至极的失窃推理故事：只有五个人工作的研究所里，存有绝密资料的优盘不翼而飞。嫌疑人害怕今日子小姐查出真相，竟然下药让她睡着失去记忆，谁知醒来后的今日子小姐竟然只花了十分钟就指出真凶！当红漫画家工作室遭窃，一百万日元纸币失踪，窃贼提出用两亿日元纸币交换的无理条件，谁知漫画家竟然毅然决然地答应了……受出版社之托寻找推理作家遗作文稿，当今日子小姐五天不睡觉，读完所有作品时，居然在其中发现了一个隐藏了数十年间竟无一人关注到的惊人秘密……\n掟上今日子的备忘录作者简介 \n西尾维新，1981年生，日本小说家、漫画脚本作者。立命馆大学政策科学部中退 。2002年以处女作《斩首循环——蓝色学者与戏言跟班》获得第23届梅菲斯特奖出道，小说代表作品有《戏言系列》和《物语系列》两大系列，漫画脚本代表作是《最强会长黑神》。主要作品风格以悬疑推理和轻小说为主。以轻松活泼的笔调，融合漫画插图与本格推理的故事风格，在出道即迅速累积极高的人气，是目前日本新生代大众作家（轻小说家）的重要成员之一。\n掟上今日子的备忘录目录 \n第一章初次见面啊，今日子小姐第二章我为你介绍，今日子小姐第三章请问有空吗，今日子小姐第四章不好意思喔，今日子小姐第五章来生再见了，今日子小姐\n\n我想知道，《掟上今日子的备忘录》的作者是谁？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。《掟上今日子的备忘录》的作者是西尾维新。他是一位日本小说家和漫画脚本作者，代表作品有《戏言系列》和《物语系列》。这部作品是他创作的轻小说《忘却侦探系列》的第一部作品。", + "output": "《掟上今日子的备忘录》的作者是西尾维新。他是一位日本小说家和漫画脚本作者，代表作品有《戏言系列》和《物语系列》。这部作品是他创作的轻小说《忘却侦探系列》的第一部作品。", "history": [] }, { @@ -312042,7 +312042,7 @@ "history": [ [ "雾里村\n雾里村是茶马古道上的一个宁静美丽的小村庄，位于云南省怒江州贡山县丙中洛镇北面，去秋那桶村的途中的怒江对面。村里约有60户人家，有藏、怒和傈僳族，他们非常纯朴，好客。 2019年12月31日，被国家民委命名为第三批“中国少数民族特色村寨”。\n中文名\n雾里村\n地理位置\n怒江州贡山县\n气候条件\n低纬高原季风气候\n著名景点\n雾里村、怒江峡谷\n开放时间\n全天开放\n景点级别\n暂无\n门票价格\n免费\n \n雾里村简介： \n一个美丽的小山谷中坐落了一个美丽脱俗的小山村，这种美丽让所有的人惊叹！这如同梦境般的地方受众神眷顾，让她如此清晰脱俗，任何华丽的语言来形容她的美丽都是苍白的，这就是雾里村。\n雾里村\n雾里村自驾路线： \n昆明--G56杭瑞高速--安宁--楚雄--大理--过澜沧江大桥--从瓦窑/怒江出口下--S228省道--六库（六库是怒江州政府和泸水县政府所在地）--福贡县--贡山县--丙中洛--雾里村　过路费170元左右\n雾里村乘车路线： \n1.昆明西部客运站--六库（州政府)9:30--20:00 共六班　坐席：176-200元　卧铺：196-258元　车程约9小时大理客运站或下关快速车站--六库(230公里）　6：40--20：30　多班次　车程约4小时保山客运站--六库（140公里）　7：30--16：30 多班次　车程约3小时2.六库客运站--丙中洛（290公里）　7：30　共一班　车程约5小时六库客运站--贡山县（250公里） 6：00-16：00 多班次　车程约4小时贡山客运站--丙中洛（40公里）多班次3.丙中洛--雾里村（12公里）步行或包车\n雾里村重要节日： \n“鲜花节：每年农历3月15日，贡山怒族一年一度的“鲜花节”，就是朝拜岩神的日子。怒族群众穿上盛装，带上早已准备好的祭品和野餐，手捧一束束鲜花，前往村寨附近的溶洞去祭祀。“游经节”：农历6月15日，一大早，丙中洛乡各村寨的游经人就来到普化寺，诵经声、长号声、海螺声回响在山谷中。走到哪里，哪里的村寨就燃起五谷和松烟，吹响海螺和法号出外迎接，并以青稞酒招待客人。人们喜气洋洋，身着盛装，像神仙降临人间。\n\n你好，请问雾里村位于哪个省份？", - "你好，Human！雾里村位于中国的云南省，具体位置在怒江州贡山县丙中洛镇北面。因为它的地理位置，您可以在那里欣赏到怒江峡谷的壮丽景色。希望我的回答能帮到你。" + "雾里村位于中国的云南省，具体位置在怒江州贡山县丙中洛镇北面。因为它的地理位置，您可以在那里欣赏到怒江峡谷的壮丽景色。希望我的回答能帮到你。" ], [ "太好了，请告诉我怎么从昆明到雾里村？", @@ -312909,7 +312909,7 @@ "history": [ [ "绿野仙踪2018年内蒙古人民出版社出版的图书\n《绿野仙踪》是2018年内蒙古人民出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n绿野仙踪\n作 者\n(美)弗兰克·鲍姆著\n出版社\n内蒙古人民出版社\n出版时间\n2018年10月1日\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787204155019\n \n内容简介《绿野仙踪》这部童话巨著实际上是由14部OZ国（又译为奥茨国）系列童话构成，是由美国童话作家弗兰克·鲍姆开创的一系列以奥兹仙境为背景的童话故事。他在美国人的心目中相当于《西游记》在中国人心目中的地位。整部《绿野仙踪》，从头到尾，都是光怪陆离的幻想，令小读者们目不暇接。故事环绕奥兹国的历史，由《奥兹国的魔法师》开始，讲述了一个名为多萝茜的小女孩在奥兹国和狮子、机器人、稻草人追寻勇气、善心和智慧的历险故事。\n\n请问你能告诉我这本2018年内蒙古人民出版社出版的《绿野仙踪》的作者是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！这本《绿野仙踪》的作者是美国童话作家弗兰克·鲍姆（Frank Baum）。" + "这本《绿野仙踪》的作者是美国童话作家弗兰克·鲍姆（Frank Baum）。" ], [ "谢谢！这本书的出版时间是什么时候呢？", @@ -313530,7 +313530,7 @@ "history": [ [ "邝文珣中国香港女演员\n中文名\n邝文珣\n外文名\nMay Kwong\n国 籍\n中国\n出生地\n香港\n出生日期\n1976年4月3日\n职 业\n演员\n经纪公司\nTVB\n代表作品\n千里姻缘兜错圈\n配 偶\n应德荣\n \n基本信息\n邝文珣早年经历 \n \n剧照(24张)\n 邝文珣，出生于香港，而后随全家移民加拿大，并在加拿大生长、求学。在家教良好环境下成长的她，从小学习芭蕾舞，更因为受到爱弹吉他的父亲影响， 5岁开始学习钢琴，8岁就喜欢写曲，从小便出现与众不同的音乐天赋；May平常就喜欢一个人弹著钢琴写写歌、编编曲，更是家庭聚会时弹琴娱乐全家族的开心果，邝文珣之于钢琴、之于音乐，是情感也是生活的一部分。邝文珣与音乐，从此以后生命相系。在加拿大读中学12年级时，邝文珣参加加拿大华人歌唱大赛，因此而被发掘参于电影的演出；成绩优异的邝文珣提早一年完成中学学业，并以优异的琴艺成绩考取加拿大约克大学音乐系。在音乐系一年级时，因其清秀气质与能歌能舞的优异条件而受到香港经纪人的注意，即签约成为香港无线电视的基本演员。 因为生命中的一场因缘际会，从此邝文珣离开有家人有朋友的多伦多，一个人只身到香港，展开她的另一个人生阶段——演戏。而无论何时何处一直陪在身旁的，是她的琴和她的音乐。 对邝文珣而言，演戏，是不断挑战的工作；而音乐与钢琴，则是终身相伴的好友。\n邝文珣无心插柳\n“第一次接触戏剧，便要饰演一个比自己真实年龄大十年的角色，真的非常不容易。加上那时仍在念书，正准备上大学，平日上课和练琴已占去我大部分时间，再兼顾拍电影，实在令我吃不消。”文珣皱著眉头地说。拍完电影后，邝文珣便回复她正常的学生生活。后来她趁假期随父亲回港游玩，顺道与当日合作的电影人聚旧，结果被邵氏公司招揽，决定留了下来发展。”从加拿大回港已有四、五年，说真的我仍未太适应。我一向都很怕与陌生人打交道，亦不喜欢应酬。当受挫折的时候，回加拿大读书的念头便会在心中闪过。可是我又不甘心，想当初我毅然离开家人、放弃学业，只身回港，如果不做点成绩来，我怎向他们交代呢！“文珣说时眼神流露出一丝倔强。毕竟要在娱乐圈闯出名堂，天时、地利、人和三方面缺一不可。她亦明白这一点，并非要一步登天，只希望愈做愈好，能尝试不同工作，不是只是纸上明星罢了。她说自己除了会演戏外，其实还有3种鲜为人知才能：\n邝文珣自弹自唱\n\n请问邝文珣是哪里人？", - "你好，Human！邝文珣出生于中国香港。后来，她随全家移民到加拿大，在那里生长和求学。" + "邝文珣出生于中国香港。后来，她随全家移民到加拿大，在那里生长和求学。" ], [ "邝文珣从事的职业是什么？", @@ -314234,7 +314234,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沐浴手套\n沐浴手套，生活日用品类，具体是一种沐浴手套，它的特征在于：手套套体由尼龙丝编织而成，在套体表面有许多尼龙丝绒毛圈，沐浴时，直接套上手套，搓洗身体，手套表面的绒毛圈软硬适中，对人体有极好的按摩效果，而且搓洗擦背效果时，受力均匀，尼龙丝材料易干，易清洁，不易伤害皮肤。\n中文名\n沐浴手套\n类 别\n生活日用品类\n特 点\n易干，易清洁，不易伤害皮肤\n好 处\n不易使人患皮肤病\n 使用好处正常皮肤表面有由皮脂腺、汗腺分泌物及脱落的上皮细胞形成的酸性保护膜以及角质层，只有0.1毫米厚，呈弱酸性，但它却是阻止病菌和有害射线入侵人体的第一道防线。这层“死皮肤”更换速度缓慢，最快的也需要十多天。洗澡时如果用毛巾在肌肤上反复用力搓擦，很容易损伤皮肤，使表皮角化层过多脱落，皮肤就会变得干燥，甚至发生皮肤瘙痒，还会让病菌和有害射线乘虚而入，使人易患毛囊炎、疖肿等多种皮肤病，洗澡时用沐浴手套就能将伤害降到较低程度了。\n\n你好，请问沐浴手套是什么？", - "你好，Human！沐浴手套是一种生活日用品，它是由尼龙丝编织而成的手套，表面有许多尼龙丝绒毛圈。沐浴时可以直接套上手套搓洗身体，手套表面的绒毛圈软硬适中，对人体有很好的按摩效果。此外，它还能实现擦背时受力均匀，易干，易清洁，不易伤害皮肤等特点。" + "沐浴手套是一种生活日用品，它是由尼龙丝编织而成的手套，表面有许多尼龙丝绒毛圈。沐浴时可以直接套上手套搓洗身体，手套表面的绒毛圈软硬适中，对人体有很好的按摩效果。此外，它还能实现擦背时受力均匀，易干，易清洁，不易伤害皮肤等特点。" ], [ "沐浴手套相比毛巾有什么优势呢？", @@ -314994,7 +314994,7 @@ "history": [ [ "植物的生长\n《植物的生长》是1970年科学出版社出版的图书，作者是G.E.福格。\n书 名\n植物的生长\n作 者\nG.E.福格\n类 别\n生物学\n出版社\n科学出版社\n出版时间\n1970年4月\nISBN\n13031118\n \n植物的生长内容简介 \n本书介绍植物生理学的一般科学知识．对于植物的生长和发育、水分代谢、呼吸和光合作用、植物的营养、植物和环境的关系、近代植物生理学的研究成就在农业中的应用等，作了叙述．本书供农业科学工作者、农业技术干部、农村知识青年、下放干部、农业科学实验小组成员以及农业院校师生阅读参考\n植物的生长图书目录 \n目录緖论第一编 物质的增长第二编 植物体各部分的生长第三编 整体的机体形成第四编 植物和环境结语\n\n你好，请问这本《植物的生长》的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human！《植物的生长》这本书的作者是G.E.福格。" + "《植物的生长》这本书的作者是G.E.福格。" ], [ "这本书的主要内容是关于什么？", @@ -315145,7 +315145,7 @@ "history": [ [ "抚顺市第二中学辽宁省首批示范性高中\n抚顺市第二中学简称抚顺二中，是辽宁省首批示范性高中之一，素有“抚顺小清华”之美誉。为辽宁省重点高中协作校成员单位，抚顺市教育局直属学校。建校以来，学校始终坚持“以人为本”的办学理念，致力推行素质教育，赢得了社会各界的广\n泛好评。\n中文名\n抚顺市第二中学\n外文名\nFushun No.2 Senior High School\n简 称\n抚顺二中，二中\n创办时间\n1923年2月\n办学性质\n辽宁省重点高中\n现任领导\n党委书记：朱国武\n、校长：王家宾\n校 训\n崇德、博学、求真、创新\n校 歌\n《二中，我少年的梦幻》\n主要奖项\n辽宁省首批重点高中示范校\n知名校友\n陈云林，田文昌，张艳芬，王吉桥\n所属地区\n辽宁省抚顺市\n特色协会\n菁爱小屋\n \n同义词\n抚顺二中（抚顺二中）一般指抚顺市第二中学\n \n抚顺市第二中学现状 \n抚顺市第二中学现有南北两个校区，北校区位于抚顺市城东新区，南校区位于抚顺市新抚区东公园街五路十四号。另有分校一所。\n抚顺市第二中学各区分校 \n北校区位于抚顺市政治中心的城东新区，坐落于抚顺市政府东北角， \n二中风景图册(15张)\n\n你好，请问抚顺市第二中学是哪年创办的？", - "你好，Human！抚顺市第二中学创办于1923年2月。" + "抚顺市第二中学创办于1923年2月。" ], [ "那它的办学性质是什么呢？", @@ -315446,7 +315446,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大相国寺\n大相国寺，原名建国寺，位于河南省开封市自由路西段\n，是中国著名的佛教寺院，始建于北齐天保六年（555年）。唐代延和元年（712年），唐睿宗因纪念其由相王登上皇位，赐名大相国寺。北宋时期，相国寺深得皇家尊崇，多次扩建，是京城最大的寺院和全国佛教活动中心。后因战乱水患而损毁。清康熙十年（1671年）重修。现保存有天王殿、大雄宝殿、八角琉璃殿、藏经楼、千手千眼佛等殿宇古迹。1992年8月恢复佛事活动，复建钟、鼓楼等建筑。整座寺院布局严谨，巍峨壮观，2002年被评定为国家AAAA级旅游景区。\n中文名\n大相国寺\n地理位置\n河南省开封市鼓楼区自由路西段36号\n气候条件\n暖温带大陆性季风气候\n开放时间\n3月11日-10月31日 08:00-18:30；11月1日-次年3月10日 08:00-18:00\n景点级别\n国家AAAA级旅游景区\n门票价格\n40元\n占地面积\n30 亩\n著名景点\n天王殿、大雄宝殿、八角琉璃殿、藏经楼等\n建议游玩时长\n1-2小时\n适宜游玩季节\n2-5月、9-11月\n官方电话\n0371-25978502\n \n快速导航\n全景图\n \n大相国寺历史沿革 \n大相国寺，相传为战国时魏公子信陵君故宅。 \n大相国寺风光(50张)\n 北齐天保六年（555年），在此创“建国寺”，后遭水火两灾而毁，已有一千四百多年历史。唐初，为歙州司马郑景住宅。长安元年（701年）慧云和尚募银建寺。延和元年（712年），睿宗敕令改名为相国寺\n，并赐“大相国寺”匾，习称相国寺。昭宗大顺年间（890-891年）被火焚毁，后重修。宋太祖建隆三年（962年）五月，又遭火灾，后又重建。至道元年（995年）开始大规模扩建，咸平四年（1001年）完工。明洪武二年（1369年\n\n请告诉我一下大相国寺的地址和开放时间。", - "你好，Human！大相国寺位于河南省开封市鼓楼区自由路西段36号。关于开放时间，从3月11日至10月31日，开放时间是08:00至18:30；从11月1日至次年3月10日，开放时间是08:00至18:00。希望这些信息能帮助到你，如有其他问题，请随时提问。" + "大相国寺位于河南省开封市鼓楼区自由路西段36号。关于开放时间，从3月11日至10月31日，开放时间是08:00至18:30；从11月1日至次年3月10日，开放时间是08:00至18:00。希望这些信息能帮助到你，如有其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "大相国寺的景点级别和门票价格是多少？", @@ -315816,7 +315816,7 @@ "history": [ [ "珍珠玫瑰\n《珍珠玫瑰》是1987年由少年儿童出版社出版的图书，作者是(南)奥璐依奇。\n书 名\n珍珠玫瑰\n作 者\n(南)奥璐依奇\n译 者\n王秀明等\n出版社\n少年儿童出版社\n出版时间\n1987年6月\n页 数\n140 页\n定 价\n0.79 元\n装 帧\n平装\n丛 书\n外国儿童文学丛书\n统一书号\n10024-4484\n \n珍珠玫瑰作者简介 \n格·奥璐依奇（1934～），南斯拉夫当代著名女作家。毕业于贝尔格莱德大学，获英语和文学双硕士学位。早在中学时代，就发表了诗歌、散文及谈艺录《作家们谈自己》等。她创作了不少长篇和短篇小说，如《到天空去旅行》《我投爱．情一票》、《太阳塔》、《耳鼓》等。其中长篇小说《到天空去旅行》曾获奖，并被拍摄成电影。格·奥璐依奇也是优秀的儿童文学作家。她为少年儿童创作的第一部短篇童话集《珍珠玫瑰》曾获南斯拉夫多种儿童文学奖，并被译成二十四种外国文字，不少作品被拍摄成影片。\n珍珠玫瑰编辑推荐 \n《珍珠玫瑰》是一个唯美的童话故事，但在美丽的背后也揭露了人性贪婪的一面，正如同书的最后一句“橱窗中陈列的实际上只是个闪闪发光的欲望“值得人们深思。\n\n请问《珍珠玫瑰》这本书是什么时候出版的？", - "你好，Human。《珍珠玫瑰》这本书是在1987年6月出版的。这是一本由少年儿童出版社出版的图书。" + "《珍珠玫瑰》这本书是在1987年6月出版的。这是一本由少年儿童出版社出版的图书。" ], [ "请问这本书的作者是谁？他有什么作品？", @@ -316355,7 +316355,7 @@ "history": [ [ "路的尽头许巍演唱的歌曲\n《路的尽头》是由许巍作词、作曲，由许巍演唱的一首歌曲。收录在专辑《在别处》中\n。\n中文名\n路的尽头\n所属专辑\n《在别处》\n歌曲原唱\n许巍\n填 词\n许巍\n谱 曲\n许巍\n编 曲\n许巍及乐队\n音乐风格\n摇滚\n发行时间\n1997年1月\n发行公司\n红星生产社\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n路的尽头创作背景 \n八十年代末九十年代初，许巍和大多数流行乐“工作者”一样，过着四处奔波、走穴出演、歌厅驻唱、伴奏乐手之类的生活，这段动荡不安的经历成为许巍后来许多歌曲的主题和注释。无需仔细研究，我们便可注意到在许巍的歌词中反复使用了这样一些词语：茫然，孤独，绝望，忧伤，等待……；“漂泊”是一个挥之不去的概念，它既是原因也是结果，那并不仅仅是许巍一个人的命运吧，同时我们也看到，大多数歌手已经或正在沦为不折不扣的物质主义者，利益的驱使令他们心甘情愿地做一名垃圾音乐流水线上的操作员。许巍是一个不断在自我世界中行走的旅人，作为一个孤独的跋涉者，他用歌声来传达“在别处”所获得的种种感受；对于听者，其中的距离反而带有一种故友重逢的亲切与欣慰之感，所谓心有戚戚焉是也。面对像《在别处》这样的音乐专辑，只能用“卓而不群”来形容，我们只能说：摇滚乐是可以做成这样的。美妙动听而又不失其特立独行的品味。总是难忘的只有那些曾经给我们真正感动过的东西：一首诗，一幅画，一声叹息，一个吻或者一支歌，此外，在茫茫人生中，究竟还有些什呢？有些歌是给白痴听的，比如虚假伪善的爱国主义，无病呻吟的花前月下，貌似战士的外强中干；然而许巍的不是，在许巍的话语系里，始终可以找到其个人内在的独特品质：敏感，忧虑，内向以及对美好的向往和忠于音乐的信念。在这个物欲横流的时代，在这个很多人的感觉功能已退化为麻木不仁的时代，在这个不知感动为何物的时代，我们从许巍的歌声中收到了这样一些讯号：激情，真诚，思索和感动，这一切不仅仅发生“在别处”。\n路的尽头歌曲歌词\n\n你好，请问《路的尽头》是由谁创作的？", - "你好，Human！《路的尽头》这首歌曲是由许巍负责作词、作曲，也由许巍本人演唱。这首作品体现了许巍独特的音乐风格和对生活的感悟，带给人们情感上的共鸣。因为这首歌来自这位独具特色的音乐家，所以它能够在音乐市场上脱颖而出。" + "《路的尽头》这首歌曲是由许巍负责作词、作曲，也由许巍本人演唱。这首作品体现了许巍独特的音乐风格和对生活的感悟，带给人们情感上的共鸣。因为这首歌来自这位独具特色的音乐家，所以它能够在音乐市场上脱颖而出。" ], [ "这首歌曲出现在哪张专辑里？", @@ -316420,7 +316420,7 @@ "history": [ [ "仙女座\n仙女座（瞬）是日本著名漫画家车田正美原创漫画《圣斗士星矢》中的主角之一；亦是车田正美授权的网络游戏《圣斗士星矢Online》中的职业之一。\n中文名\n仙女座\n外文名\nAndromeda\n等 阶\n青铜圣斗士\n登场作品\n圣斗士星矢\n \n仙女座角色介绍 \n仙女座经过在仙女岛的刻苦训练，除了具有一定的攻击能力之外，也是青铜圣斗士中唯一具有治疗队友能力的星座，他可以通过治疗技能很有效的保证队友的安全，同时，仙女座在对天龙座进行治疗的时候，会有治疗效果的加成。仙女座可通过自己的技能，很有效的将分散的怪物聚集到一起，从而使天龙座对怪物的控制以及白鸟座对怪物的群体攻击更加方便，也可提升天马座的攻击效率，仙女座也具有结束队友受控制的能力。\n仙女座主要技能 \n图标技能名称说明星云锁链释放锁链防御阵，连续将一定范围内的敌方击退同时布下锁链迷阵，使迷阵内的敌方速度减慢星云风暴用锁链卷目标猛烈的砸击地面，并伤害周围单位锁链加持将力量通过锁链传导于目标，释放技能期间使目标造成伤害大幅提高，并同时积攒神恩领域值星光壁障使目标获得星光壁障状态，该状态可以使目标所受直接伤害降至最低自由星光引导小宇宙的力量，解除目标所受到的控制，一段时间内给目标附加自由星光效果命运圆锁快速冲至目标身前，并使目标双腿麻痹无法移动，释放圆锁迷阵将目标周围一定范围内的怪物拉至目标身边，并使其减速\n\n你好，请问仙女座（瞬）这个角色是哪部作品里的人物呢？", - "你好，Human。仙女座（瞬）这个角色来源于日本著名漫画家车田正美原创的漫画作品《圣斗士星矢》。同时，他也是车田正美授权的网络游戏《圣斗士星矢Online》中的职业之一。这个角色在作品中具有独特的能力和特色。" + "仙女座（瞬）这个角色来源于日本著名漫画家车田正美原创的漫画作品《圣斗士星矢》。同时，他也是车田正美授权的网络游戏《圣斗士星矢Online》中的职业之一。这个角色在作品中具有独特的能力和特色。" ], [ "仙女座的能力和特点是什么？", @@ -316966,7 +316966,7 @@ "history": [ [ "太和殿\n太和殿（越南语：Điện Thái Hoà）是为越南皇帝加冕等重大典礼及节日庆典之处，1805年建造，1824年重修，本世纪初又经大修。是越南顺化皇城中最大的建筑。\n中文名\n太和殿\n外文名\nĐiện Thái Hoà\n地理位置\n越南承天顺化省\n著名景点\n太和殿\n 太和殿（越南语：Điện Thái Hoà）是为越南皇帝加冕等重大典礼及节日庆典之处，1805年建造，1824年重修，本世纪初又经大修。是越南顺化皇城中最大的建筑。殿甚高2米，纵深30.5米，宽44米，高11.8米。按照中国建筑风格建造，但其中也保持了越南本土的风格。所有的建筑门外都有雨檐，由一排柱子支撑。殿内的柱子全部由越南土生土长的铁木制成，这种木材由于森林的砍伐而变的十分稀有。柱上漆有鲜艳的红色及金色颜料，横梁上则画有四季风景、圣兽、花鸟等。殿前有石台，为清化石砌成，是文武百官上朝时站立之处。\n\n请问太和殿是位于哪个国家，哪个地区的呢？", - "你好，Human！太和殿位于越南承天顺化省。它是顺化皇城中的一个著名景点，主要用于越南皇帝的加冕等重大典礼和节日庆典。太和殿在1805年建造，1824年重修，并在本世纪初再次进行了大修。" + "太和殿位于越南承天顺化省。它是顺化皇城中的一个著名景点，主要用于越南皇帝的加冕等重大典礼和节日庆典。太和殿在1805年建造，1824年重修，并在本世纪初再次进行了大修。" ], [ "太和殿的尺寸和建筑风格是怎样的？", @@ -317023,7 +317023,7 @@ "history": [ [ "超级杯\n超级杯泛指一国足协举办的联赛冠军和杯赛冠军之间或者大洲足联举办的两个不同性质杯赛冠军之间的比赛。有些国家或大洲的该类型比赛未必采用“超级杯”之名，比如英格兰的“超级杯”为英格兰社区盾杯，南美洲的“超级杯”为南美优胜者杯。\n中文名\n超级杯\n外文名\nSuper Cup\n \n超级杯各类赛事 \n各国家和地区“超级杯”中文名英文名创办时间最近一届冠军（夺冠时间）欧洲超级杯UEFA Super Cup1972年切尔西（2021年8月12日）\n南美优胜者杯Recopa Sudamericana1989年山谷独立（2020年2月27日）\n非洲超级杯CAF Super Cup1993年扎马莱克（2020年）亚洲超级杯Asian Super Cup1995年（2002年后停办）水原三星（2002年7月19日）\n英格兰足球总会社区盾FA Community Shield1908年阿森纳（2020年8月29日）\n荷兰超级杯Johan Cruijff Schaal1949年阿贾克斯（2019年7月27日）\n以色列超级杯Aluf haAlufim1957年特拉维夫马卡比（2020年8月13日）\n土耳其超级杯Turkcell Süper Kupa1966年特拉布宗体育（2021年1月27日）\n希腊超级杯Greek Super Cup1971年奥林匹亚科斯（2007年）比利时超级杯Belgian Supercup1979年亨克（2019年7月20日）\n葡萄牙超级杯Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira1979年波尔图（2020年12月23日）\n西班牙超级杯Supercopa de España1982年毕尔巴鄂竞技（2021年1月17日）\n奥地利超级杯Austrian Supercup1986年（2008年后停办）维也纳快速（2008年）德国超级杯DFL-Supercup1987年拜仁慕尼黑（2020年8月30日）\n意大利超级杯Supercoppa Italiana1988年尤文图斯（2021年1月20日）\n保加利亚超级杯Bulgarian Supercup1989年普罗夫迪夫火车头（2020年8月2日）\n阿尔巴尼亚超级杯Superkupa e Shqipërisë1989年KF地拉那（2020年8月31日）\n\n请问欧洲超级杯是什么？", - "你好，Human！欧洲超级杯（UEFA Super Cup）是一项足球赛事，通常在赛季开始前进行，比赛双方分别是欧洲冠军联赛的冠军以及欧洲联盟杯的冠军。该比赛自1972年开始举办，旨在决出欧洲俱乐部赛事的最佳球队。" + "欧洲超级杯（UEFA Super Cup）是一项足球赛事，通常在赛季开始前进行，比赛双方分别是欧洲冠军联赛的冠军以及欧洲联盟杯的冠军。该比赛自1972年开始举办，旨在决出欧洲俱乐部赛事的最佳球队。" ], [ "那欧洲超级杯最近的一届冠军是哪个队？", @@ -318172,7 +318172,7 @@ "history": [ [ "足球经纪人职业名称\n足球经纪人是指一名自然人，以获取佣金为目的，在规程允许的范围内向俱乐部介绍球员进行签约或续约，或者介绍两家俱乐部签订转会合同。\n中文名\n足球经纪人\n外文名\n球员经纪人\n球 类\n足球\n类 型\n经纪人\n \n足球经纪人国际足联球员经纪人 \n国际足联球员经纪人：各国球员经纪人只具有国内球员转会业务资格，而国际足联球员经纪人还具有进行不同国家间的国际转会业务资格。\n国际足联球员经纪人向俱乐部介绍球员进行签约或续约，或者介绍同一协会的及不同协会的两家俱乐部签订转会合同的工作范畴。只有执证国际足联球员经纪人才有资格进行不同国家间的国际转会业务，球员经纪人有权因其提供的服务获取酬劳。任何球员和俱乐部不得使用非执证的球员经纪人。\n足球经纪人国际足联球员经纪人的申请 \n足球是一项国际性运动，作为足球经纪人只在国内执业是不能满足市场需求的，因此申请国际足联球员经纪人执照也就成了发展的必然，在成为国内足球经纪人后，还需：一)具有中国国籍，大学本科以上学历，已取得由国家体育总局颁发，人力资源和社会保障部统一印制的《体育经纪人(三级)国家职业资格证书》；(二)本人所在单位具有工商行政管理部门颁发的从事体育经纪活动的《企业法人营业执照》；(三)本人未在国际足联、亚足联、中国足协、中国足协会员协会、足球俱乐部或与上述机构有关联的组织中任职。（所需材料：本人二代身份证原件及复印件、学历证书原件及复印件、《体育经纪人(三级)国家职业资格证书》原件及复印件、所在单位营业执照(副本)原件及复印件、所在单位开具的在职证明原件及复印件以及由本人签字的未在国际足联、亚足联、中国足协、中国足协会员协会、足球俱乐部或与上述机构有关联的组织中任职的声明书原件，报名表）\n足球经纪人国际足联球员经纪人的考试 \n考试采取闭卷形式，共20道多项选择题。由国际足联直接出题，各国足协统一组织考试，并根据各国实际增加其国内部分题目，其内容可在国际足联官方网站以及中国足协官方网查阅并下载。考试所涉及的相关材料包括：\n\n请问什么是足球经纪人？", - "你好，Human。足球经纪人是一名自然人，其主要职责是在规程允许的范围内，以获取佣金为目的，为俱乐部介绍球员进行签约或续约，或者介绍两家俱乐部签订转会合同。简单来说，他们负责球员的职业生涯规划，并在转会市场上为球员和俱乐部之间牵线搭桥。" + "足球经纪人是一名自然人，其主要职责是在规程允许的范围内，以获取佣金为目的，为俱乐部介绍球员进行签约或续约，或者介绍两家俱乐部签订转会合同。简单来说，他们负责球员的职业生涯规划，并在转会市场上为球员和俱乐部之间牵线搭桥。" ], [ "了解了，那什么是国际足联球员经纪人呢？", @@ -318714,7 +318714,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国家税务总局北京市税务局国家税务总局的下属机构\n国家税务总局北京市税务局是国家税务总局的下属机构，由原北京市国家税务局和北京市地方税务局合并而来。\n中文名\n国家税务总局北京市税务局\n外文名\nState Administration of Taxation Beijing Taxation Bureau\n成立时间\n2018年6月15日\n办公地址\n北京市西城区车公庄大街8、10号\n性 质\n政府机构\n行政级别\n正局级\n所属单位\n国家税务总局\n现任领导\n张有乾\n \n同义词\n北京市税务局（北京市税务局）一般指国家税务总局北京市税务局\n \n国家税务总局北京市税务局主要职责\n\n你好，请问国家税务总局北京市税务局是什么性质的组织？", - "你好，Human。国家税务总局北京市税务局是政府机构，它是由原北京市国家税务局和北京市地方税务局合并而来的。" + "国家税务总局北京市税务局是政府机构，它是由原北京市国家税务局和北京市地方税务局合并而来的。" ], [ "请问国家税务总局北京市税务局的主要职责有哪些？", @@ -318844,7 +318844,7 @@ "history": [ [ "焚香炉\n焚香炉中香字的解释：“香”——《康熙字典》：“《玉篇》芬也。《正韵》气芬芳。”《说文解字注》：“香，芬也。《大雅》曰：‘其香始升’从黍，从甘。”\n中文名\n焚香炉\n远古时期\n祭祀用\n主要为\n燔烧柴木，烧燎祭品\n记 载\n《尚书》\n \n焚香炉概述远古时期的祭祀 \n向神明奉献谷物也是一种古老的祭法，“香”字即源于谷物之香。甲骨文中的“香”，形如“一容器中盛禾黍”（禾黍边有小点，表示黍粒），指禾黍的美好气味。篆文变作从黍从甘，“黍”表谷物，“甘”表甜美。隶书又省略写作香。焚香炉是最常见的燃香熏物的器皿，其目的不只使香燃后的灰烬能有固有的收集器皿，也为供养祭祀的过程增添了无限虚无缥缈灵性美感。炉香嫋嫋，既馨且逸。焚香炉出现以前，古代用香大都于祭祀与生活熏香有关，当时人们就有用铜炉熏香的习俗，并将其逐渐用于宗庙祭器。《尚书》亦载：“至治馨香，感于神明；黍稷非馨，明德唯馨。”香炉的使用在中国渊源久远，早在春秋战国时期，就出现了艺术雕塑青铜铸造鸟擎铜博山炉及汉代的艺术雕塑青铜博山炉等。此处所讨论的香炉专指供烧香祭祀用艺术雕塑青铜精密铸造焚香炉。\n焚香炉焚香炉造型设计\n\n最近我对焚香炉这个话题非常感兴趣，能请教你一些问题吗？", - "你好，Human。当然可以，我很乐意回答有关焚香炉的问题。请告诉我你想知道的内容。" + "当然可以，我很乐意回答有关焚香炉的问题。请告诉我你想知道的内容。" ], [ "首先，请你简要介绍一下焚香炉的起源和作用。", @@ -319256,7 +319256,7 @@ "history": [ [ "桃山\n桃山工房位于河北省唐山市古冶区唐家庄街道，距古冶区政府2千米。京山道、京哈铁路、205国道南面，现在唐山不锈钢有限责任公司院内。解放前，为国民党97军营地。1976年唐山大地震后，为中国人民解放军工程兵203部队驻地。\n中文名\n桃山工房\n别 名\n工房\n行政区类别\n河北省唐山市古冶区唐家庄街道\n所属地区\n河北省唐山市\n地理位置\n河北省唐山市古治区\n面 积\n14.4 km²\n下辖地区\n新北大街\n政府驻地\n河北省唐山市古治区唐家庄街道\n电话区号\n0315\n邮政编码\n063104\n 桃山工房位于河北省唐山市古冶区唐家庄街道，距古冶区政府2千米。京山道、京哈铁路、205国道南面，现在唐山不锈钢有限责任公司院内。解放前，为国民党97军营地。1976年唐山大地震后，为中国人民解放军工程兵203部队驻地。\n\n你好，请问桃山工房位于哪个省份和市区？", - "你好，Human。桃山工房位于中国河北省唐山市古冶区唐家庄街道。这个位置使得它距离古冶区政府有2千米的距离。从地理位置来看，桃山工房位置优越，邻近京山道、京哈铁路、205国道南面，并位于唐山不锈钢有限责任公司院内。希望我的解答对你有所帮助。" + "桃山工房位于中国河北省唐山市古冶区唐家庄街道。这个位置使得它距离古冶区政府有2千米的距离。从地理位置来看，桃山工房位置优越，邻近京山道、京哈铁路、205国道南面，并位于唐山不锈钢有限责任公司院内。希望我的解答对你有所帮助。" ], [ "谢谢。请问桃山工房的历史背景是什么？", @@ -320357,7 +320357,7 @@ "history": [ [ "梅花鹿\n《梅花鹿》是一本普里希文写的散文集，由辽宁教育出版社出版。是一部经典的散文集。\n书 名\n梅花鹿\n作 者\n[苏联]普里希文\n译 者\n王士燮\n出版社\n辽宁教育出版社\n出版时间\n1998年3月\n页 数\n147 页\n定 价\n5.9 元\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787538250756\n副标题\n普里希文散文集\n丛 书\n新世纪万有文库·外国文化书系\n \n梅花鹿内容简介\n\n请问这本《梅花鹿》是谁写的？", - "你好，Human！这本《梅花鹿》是由苏联作家普里希文所著。这是一部散文集，包含了普里希文创作的多篇散文作品。" + "这本《梅花鹿》是由苏联作家普里希文所著。这是一部散文集，包含了普里希文创作的多篇散文作品。" ], [ "这本书的中文译者是谁呢？", @@ -320605,7 +320605,7 @@ { "instruction": "石英管\n石英管是用二氧化硅制造的特种工业技术玻璃，是一种非常优良的基础材料。石英玻璃具有一系列优良的物理、化学性能。用于电火桶，电烤火炉，电取暖器里面，起发热作用。\n中文名\n石英管\n外文名\nQuartz tube\n种 类\n透明石英管、彩色石英管等\n化学性能\n耐高温、耐腐蚀\n物理性能\n热稳定性好、透光性能好\n耐高温\n1250℃左右\n \n石英管石英管的种类 \n石英管大致可分为以下几种：透明石英管（外径1.5mm~300mm）、滤紫外石英管、彩色石英管等。\n石英管石英管的选用 \n闭管扩散要用石英管，这是由于石英管能耐1250℃左右的高温，而且在1800℃以上时会变得很柔软且很粘，能做成所需要的形状。另一方面，由于石英管采用的原料是特级水晶石，纯度高，含有害的杂质很少，对于扩散、配制合金等能保证质量，因此闭管扩散常采用石英管。石英管的制备：根据扩散硅片直径的不同，来选择石英管的内径、壁厚等参数。\n石英管化学性能 \n1、耐高温石英玻璃的软化点温度约1730℃，可在1100℃下长时间使用，短时间最高使用温度可达1450℃。2、耐腐蚀除氢氟酸外，石英玻璃几乎不与其他酸类物质发生化学反应，其耐酸能力是陶瓷的30倍，不锈钢的150倍，尤其是在高温下的化学稳定性，是其他任何工程材料都无法比拟的。\n石英管物理性能 \n1、热稳定性好石英玻璃的热膨胀系数极小，能承受剧烈的温度变化，将石英玻璃加热至1100℃左右，放入常温水中也不会炸裂。2、透光性能好石英玻璃在紫外线到红外线的整个光谱波段都有较好的透光性能，可见光透过率在93%以上，特别是在紫外光谱区，最大透过率可达80%以上。3、电绝缘性能好石英玻璃的电阻值相当于普通玻璃的一万倍，是极好的电绝缘材料，即使在高温下也具有良好的绝缘性能。石英玻璃由于具有上述优良的理化性能，因此被广泛的应用于电光源、半导体、光通信、军工、冶金、建材、化学、机械、电力、环保等各个领域。4、缺点：易碎。\n石英管石英管的检测方法\n\n根据上面的信息，石英管是一种特殊的工业技术玻璃，具有哪些优良的物理和化学性能呢？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，石英管具有以下优良的物理和化学性能：\n\n物理性能：\n1. 热稳定性好：石英管的热膨胀系数非常小，能承受剧烈的温度变化，不容易破裂。\n2. 透光性能好：石英管在紫外线到红外线的整个光谱波段都有较好的透光性能，可见光透过率在93%以上。\n3. 电绝缘性能好：石英管的电阻值是普通玻璃的一万倍，具有优秀的电绝缘性能，即使在高温下也保持良好的绝缘性能。\n\n化学性能：\n1. 耐高温：石英管的软化点温度约1730℃，可在1100℃下长时间使用，短时间最高使用温度可达1450℃。\n2. 耐腐蚀：除氢氟酸外，石英管几乎不与其他酸类物质发生化学反应，具有非常高的耐腐蚀性能。\n\n这些优良的性能使得石英管在电光源、半导体、光通信、军工、冶金、建材、化学、机械、电力、环保等领域得到广泛应用。", + "output": "根据提供的信息，石英管具有以下优良的物理和化学性能：\n\n物理性能：\n1. 热稳定性好：石英管的热膨胀系数非常小，能承受剧烈的温度变化，不容易破裂。\n2. 透光性能好：石英管在紫外线到红外线的整个光谱波段都有较好的透光性能，可见光透过率在93%以上。\n3. 电绝缘性能好：石英管的电阻值是普通玻璃的一万倍，具有优秀的电绝缘性能，即使在高温下也保持良好的绝缘性能。\n\n化学性能：\n1. 耐高温：石英管的软化点温度约1730℃，可在1100℃下长时间使用，短时间最高使用温度可达1450℃。\n2. 耐腐蚀：除氢氟酸外，石英管几乎不与其他酸类物质发生化学反应，具有非常高的耐腐蚀性能。\n\n这些优良的性能使得石英管在电光源、半导体、光通信、军工、冶金、建材、化学、机械、电力、环保等领域得到广泛应用。", "history": [] }, { @@ -321298,7 +321298,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西昌市第一中学四川省一级示范性普通高中\n西昌市第一中学\n（NO.1 Middle School Xichang），位于四川省凉山州西昌市，是全省首批重点中学，原四川省国家级示范性普通高中，四川省一级示范性普通高中。西昌市第一中学，溯源于光绪20年（1894年）修建的研经书院，已有110年历史。学校是1959年由原西昌中学和西昌女子中学合并而来，曾用名西昌地区第一中学，1980年，更名西昌市第一中学。据2016年3月学校官网信息显示，学校共占地面积132.42亩，面积约为9万平方米。建筑总面积近70000平方米，已建成并投入使用的教学专用建筑面积为58747平方米，学校共有52个教学班，学生4301人，教职工275人。另学校还与民企共建有西昌一中俊波外国语学校一所。\n中文名\n西昌市第一中学\n外文名\nNO.1 Middle School Xichang\n简 称\n西昌一中\n创办时间\n1894年\n办学性质\n公办高中\n主管部门\n凉山州教育局\n校 训\n励志 敦品 力学 笃行\n地 址\n西昌市滴水岩街120号\n主要奖项\n四川省文明单位\n四川省校风示范校\n全国艺术学校教育工作先进单位\n四川省十佳国防生源基地学校\n知名校友\n叶延滨、卢宝荣、王小丫、吉杰\n所属地区\n四川省凉山州西昌市\n属 性\n四川省国家级示范性普通高中（2002年入选）\n四川省一级示范性普通高中（2013年入选）\n现任校长\n程志敏\n \n同义词\n西昌一中（西昌一中）一般指西昌市第一中学\n \n西昌市第一中学办学历史 \n西昌市第一中学学校前身\n西昌一中西昌一中源于清光绪二十年（1894年）在西昌创建的研经书院。\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n校园风光\n宣统元年（1909年）在此基础上创办了宁远府中学堂。民国二十八年（1939）更名为西康省立中学。1955年更名为四川省西昌中学。西昌女子中学清末宣统元年（1909年），创建西昌女子初级小学。民国二十二年（1933年）其附设的师范讲习所改办为西昌县女子初级中学。民国三十二年（1943）更名为西昌县立女子中学。1955年更名为四川省西昌女子中学。\n西昌市第一中学合并时期\n\n请问西昌市第一中学的创办时间是什么时候？", - "你好，Human！西昌市第一中学的前身研经书院成立于清朝光绪二十年（1894年）。所以它的创立可以追溯到1894年。" + "西昌市第一中学的前身研经书院成立于清朝光绪二十年（1894年）。所以它的创立可以追溯到1894年。" ], [ "西昌市第一中学的校训是什么？", @@ -322463,7 +322463,7 @@ "history": [ [ "职场新人图书\n《职场新人》是一本图书。\n中文名\n职场新人\n类 型\n图书\n \n职场新人内容简介 \n很多前辈还说：新人真不懂规矩，打个电话怎么听都不舒服，一委屈就摆出一副臭脸等你去哄，远远看见领导招呼也不打……总之，新人脾气臭，太狂妄自大……新人真的那么气焰嚣张？职场新人，需不需要懂规矩、学礼仪？\n职场新人作品目录\n\n请问你对《职场新人》这本书有了解吗？", - "你好，Human！《职场新人》是一本关于职场初入者如何学习规矩和礼仪的图书。书中讨论了新人是否需要懂规矩、学礼仪的问题，以帮助职场新人更好地适应职场环境。您如果有关于这本书的问题，欢迎随时提问，我会尽量帮您解答。" + "《职场新人》是一本关于职场初入者如何学习规矩和礼仪的图书。书中讨论了新人是否需要懂规矩、学礼仪的问题，以帮助职场新人更好地适应职场环境。您如果有关于这本书的问题，欢迎随时提问，我会尽量帮您解答。" ], [ "为什么新人在职场中需要懂规矩和礼仪？", @@ -324055,7 +324055,7 @@ "history": [ [ "柏拉意大利足球运动员\n柏拉(MassimoPerra)是一名足球运动员，来自意大利 。场上位置为中场，前度效力球队为弗洛西诺尼，曾经效力球队有：弗洛西诺尼 ,格罗瑟托 ,花马拿 ,佩斯卡拉 。现效力于佩鲁贾 。\n中文名\n柏拉\n外文名\nMassimoPerra\n国 籍\n意大利\n出生年月\n1976年4月2日\n职 业\n足球运动员\n身 高\n175 cm\n \n柏拉基本资料 \n球员:柏拉生日:1976年4月2日身高:175cm体重:77 kg球衣号码:999国籍:意大利效力球队:佩鲁贾场上位置:中场前度效力球队:弗洛西诺尼曾经效力球队:弗洛西诺尼,格罗瑟托,花马拿,佩斯卡拉\n柏拉球队阵容 \n中场柏拉,沙瓦杜雷,桑索达后卫O.岳宾奴,索柏迪,柏根尼,塔库西,拉基米尼,非奥鲁茨守门员迪马高\n\n请问柏拉是哪个国家的足球运动员？", - "你好，Human。柏拉（Massimo Perra）是一名来自意大利的足球运动员。他的国籍是意大利。" + "柏拉（Massimo Perra）是一名来自意大利的足球运动员。他的国籍是意大利。" ], [ "柏拉在场上主要扮演什么角色？", @@ -325135,7 +325135,7 @@ "history": [ [ "三亚蜈支洲岛珊瑚酒店\n三亚蜈支洲岛珊瑚酒店坐落在以“中国马尔代夫，东方夏威夷”而著称的蜈支洲岛西北角。这里空气清新，海水清澈透明，神奇的海底世界丛生着五彩斑斓、形态各异的珊瑚，是浪漫旅行、探索自然的最佳旅游目的地！酒店由4栋相连建筑组成，宛如生长在礁石上的美丽珊瑚，极致绽放，光彩溢目。距三亚市30公里，凤凰机场38公里，紧靠海口至三亚的高速公路，位置优越，交通便利。\n中文名\n三亚蜈支洲岛珊瑚酒店\n外文名\nWuzhizhou Island Resort Sanya Coral Hotel\n地 址\n海南省三亚市海棠湾镇蜈支洲岛\n开业时间\n2013年\n酒店政策\n不可携带宠物\n \n同义词\n蜈支洲珊瑚酒店一般指三亚蜈支洲岛珊瑚酒店\n \n三亚蜈支洲岛珊瑚酒店酒店介绍 \nl 中国第一家海岛高端精品酒店；l 自然天成的婚礼、求婚和蜜月之首选l 整体设计到各种装潢让您瞬间步入海底世界l 最佳潜水圣地l 探索自然最佳出处\n三亚蜈支洲岛珊瑚酒店酒店客房 \n酒店拥有259套超五星豪华客房，空间宽敞，景色优美，最小房间面积达60平方米。独一无二客房看海长廊设计，将壮阔的海洋景致尽收眼底。豪华复式套房坐拥完美海景，配备2间卧室以及私人海景泳池，私人管家服务，奢华享受永无止境。酒店所有客房、大堂、餐厅和会议室区域均覆盖了免费Wi-Fi网络，每间客房均设有免费宽带接口客房设施包括l 免费高速宽带网络接口和Wi-FIl 一线海景大阳台l 下沉式大泡池l 可通过液晶电视播放MP3、IPOD、电脑上多媒体文件的连接设备l 42寸卧室液晶电视l 17寸淋浴液晶电视l 保险箱l 咖啡机、烧水壶l 熨斗、熨衣板、衣刷l 吹风机、雨伞、闹钟l 床头灯、窗帘控制器l 各类豪华寝具: 羽绒被、定制羽绒被、纯棉亚麻制品l 多种不同的枕头可供选择l 拖鞋与沙滩拖鞋l 浴袍l 豪华浴室用品放松入眠瑜伽音乐，让您甜蜜酣睡\n三亚蜈支洲岛珊瑚酒店餐厅及酒廊\n\n你好，请问三亚蜈支洲岛珊瑚酒店的位置和交通便利吗？", - "你好，Human！三亚蜈支洲岛珊瑚酒店位于蜈支洲岛的西北角，具体地址是海南省三亚市海棠湾镇蜈支洲岛。酒店距离三亚市30公里，离凤凰机场38公里，而且紧邻海口至三亚的高速公路。由于这些因素，三亚蜈支洲岛珊瑚酒店的位置优越，交通便利。您可以通过高速公路和飞机轻松抵达该酒店。" + "三亚蜈支洲岛珊瑚酒店位于蜈支洲岛的西北角，具体地址是海南省三亚市海棠湾镇蜈支洲岛。酒店距离三亚市30公里，离凤凰机场38公里，而且紧邻海口至三亚的高速公路。由于这些因素，三亚蜈支洲岛珊瑚酒店的位置优越，交通便利。您可以通过高速公路和飞机轻松抵达该酒店。" ], [ "酒店的外部和内部设计有什么特色？", @@ -325657,7 +325657,7 @@ "history": [ [ "化痰\n化痰是祛除痰浊的一种治疗方法。适用于因痰而导致的多种上疾患。常用药物如半夏．陈皮．茯苓．贝母等。痰证因病邪留阻部位．临床表现及病机的不同，化痰法常与宣肺．顺气．清热．燥湿．健脾．温阳或熄风潜阳等法分别配合应用。\n中文名\n化痰\n中医解释\n祛除痰浊的一种治法\n常用药物\n半夏．陈皮．茯苓．贝母等\n西医解释\n使痰液变稀以便咳出来的方法\n材 料\n雪梨600克，川贝20克。\n \n化痰西医解释 \n使痰液变得稀薄以便容易咳嗽出来的方法。常用方法：1、雾化吸入。如氨溴索或溴已新雾化吸入。2、口服药物。如溴已新、鲜竹沥3、静脉输液。如氨溴索、痰热清化痰常常配合使痰液容易引流的其它方法：如震动排痰仪器、拍背、吸痰。\n化痰川贝雪梨汤 \n材料：雪梨600克，川贝20克。调料：蜂蜜适量。做法：1）雪梨洗净，去核，切块，川贝洗净，拍碎。2）雪梨块、川贝、蜂蜜放入碗内，盖上盖，放入沸水中，隔水炖1小时左右即可。煲水果汤忌用味精、蒜、豆豉等调味品，这样成汤更具果香。\n化痰化痰食物\n\n请问如何用中医方法治疗痰证呢？", - "你好，Human。中医治疗痰证的方法是化痰，即祛除痰浊。中医会根据病人具体病邪留阻部位、临床表现及病机不同，化痰法会与宣肺、顺气、清热、燥湿、健脾、温阳或熄风潜阳等法配合应用。常用化痰药物有半夏、陈皮、茯苓、贝母等。这些药物经过医师根据病情进行组合，以达到祛除痰浊、调理气机、平衡阴阳的效果。" + "中医治疗痰证的方法是化痰，即祛除痰浊。中医会根据病人具体病邪留阻部位、临床表现及病机不同，化痰法会与宣肺、顺气、清热、燥湿、健脾、温阳或熄风潜阳等法配合应用。常用化痰药物有半夏、陈皮、茯苓、贝母等。这些药物经过医师根据病情进行组合，以达到祛除痰浊、调理气机、平衡阴阳的效果。" ], [ "那么西医是如何进行化痰治疗的？", @@ -326114,7 +326114,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奔驰S450\n奔驰S450\n是奔驰旗下一款车型\n中文名\n奔驰S450\n属 性\n汽车\n车身尺寸\n5116×1899×1483mm\n 2019款奔驰S450加版搭载3.0TV6双涡轮增压发动机，最大功率245kW（333PS）@5250rpm，峰值扭矩480Nm@1600-4000rpm，传动系统为7速自动变速箱，新款S级车型划分为短轴版与长轴版车型，在短轴版车型上，车体长/宽/高尺寸：5116×1899×1483mm，轴距长度为3035mm，而在长轴版车型上车体长度与轴距都有了新的变化，长轴版车体长度为5246mm，轴距长度则为3165mm。\n\n请问奔驰S450是属于哪一类汽车？", - "你好，Human。奔驰S450属于豪华轿车。作为奔驰旗下的一款车型，它具有优质的设计和高品质的性能，为用户提供舒适的驾驶体验。" + "奔驰S450属于豪华轿车。作为奔驰旗下的一款车型，它具有优质的设计和高品质的性能，为用户提供舒适的驾驶体验。" ], [ "请告诉我奔驰S450的车身尺寸和轴距。", @@ -327744,7 +327744,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卑鄙小人\n《卑鄙小人》是一部仙侠异侠类的小说，作者是Brutalquiet，小说仍在连载中，连载网站是17k小说网。\n中文名\n卑鄙小人\n作 者\nBrutalquiet\n连载状态\n连载中\n连载平台\n17k小说网\n 内容简介以亲情、爱情、友情做为铺垫来展现修道之人的不宜,以凡人的快乐反映出修道之人的悲哀,以不断的寻求强大的力量来找回自我。 就正如戾幽的父母真的就如仙界之人所杀吗?还是另外的有着一些人在操控着他的命运,操控着他的一生,只有反抗,只有不断的接近真相,他才会真正的明白为什么自己的父母会被其仙界所杀的真正原因,也会真正的明白自己为什么而生……\n\n根据上面的信息，能简单介绍一下《卑鄙小人》这部小说吗？", - "你好，Human。《卑鄙小人》是一部仙侠异侠类的小说，作者是Brutalquiet，目前正在17k小说网上连载。这部小说以亲情、爱情、友情为背景，展现修道之人的苦难。主人公就正如戾幽，他努力寻求强大的力量，希望找回自我，揭开父母被仙界之人所杀的真相，以及自己的出生之谜。" + "《卑鄙小人》是一部仙侠异侠类的小说，作者是Brutalquiet，目前正在17k小说网上连载。这部小说以亲情、爱情、友情为背景，展现修道之人的苦难。主人公就正如戾幽，他努力寻求强大的力量，希望找回自我，揭开父母被仙界之人所杀的真相，以及自己的出生之谜。" ], [ "这部小说的主题是什么？", @@ -327943,7 +327943,7 @@ "history": [ [ "PG-13级美国电影协会的电影分级制度\n中文名\nPG-13级\n来 源\n美国电影协会的电影分级制度\n适用于\n影视作品\n级 别\n13岁以下\n代 表\n《指环王：王者无敌》\n \n基本信息\nPG-13级简介 \n大多数的电影都被评为PG-13，比如：经典的奇幻巨作《指环王：王者无敌》（The Lord of the Rings：The Return of the King）因为一些战争的残酷场面也被评为PG-13\nPG-13级相关信息 \nPG-13级2003的\n青春喜剧励志片《律政俏佳人2》（Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde ）也是被评定为PG-13级。 \nPG-13级的影片(23张)\n 风靡全球的哈利波特系列中的第四部《哈利·波特与火焰杯》中因为恐怖的画面也被标为PG-13级欲望都市因众多激情戏被评为PG-13X战警2也为PG-13级《末代皇帝》是第一部被美国电影协会MPAA评为PG-13级的奥斯卡最佳影片《碟中谍2》也为PG-13级《饥饿游戏》也为PG-13级《变形金刚》系列也为PG-13级\nPG-13级2006年\n拍摄的《速度与激情3：东京漂移》也是PG-13《加勒比海盗》（Pirates of the Caribbean ）系列也被评定为PG-13级。\nPG-13级2009年\n风靡全球的3D大片《阿凡达》(Avatar)在美国影院的评级就是PG-13。\nPG-13级2010年\n上映的3D影片《人神魔战》(Clash of the Titans)也是PG-13。2014年《星际穿越》（interstellar）也是PG-132019年创造了影史票房新纪录的《复仇者联盟4：终局之战》分级被定为PG-13。\n2022年《新蝙蝠侠》（the batman）也是PG-13。\n \n电影评价\n精彩影评我来评论\n这里空空如也，等待你来评论！\n标题\n内容\n发表评论取消\n\n请问PG-13级是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！PG-13级是美国电影协会的电影分级制度中的一个级别，适用于影视作品。这个级别表示电影中可能包含一些强烈的暴力、性内容、恐怖画面或者粗俗语言，但不至于过分。通常建议13岁以下的观众在家长陪同下观看。这个级别的目的是提醒家长关注影片中可能不适宜的内容，以帮助他们判断是否适合孩子观看。" + "PG-13级是美国电影协会的电影分级制度中的一个级别，适用于影视作品。这个级别表示电影中可能包含一些强烈的暴力、性内容、恐怖画面或者粗俗语言，但不至于过分。通常建议13岁以下的观众在家长陪同下观看。这个级别的目的是提醒家长关注影片中可能不适宜的内容，以帮助他们判断是否适合孩子观看。" ], [ "有哪些电影被评为PG-13级？", @@ -328442,7 +328442,7 @@ "history": [ [ "紫雨\n《紫雨》是1994年齐秦原唱，董荣骏作词作曲，发行于1994年专辑《无情的雨无情的你》。\n中文名\n紫雨\n外文名\nPurple Rain\n所属专辑\n无情的雨无情的你\n歌曲时长\n0时05分11秒\n歌曲原唱\n齐秦\n填 词\n董荣骏\n谱 曲\n董荣骏\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n发行时间\n1994年\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 歌曲歌词无尽的天带来一片不协调的感觉多变的云阻挡了一切黑暗现实的脸怎么多了一份无谓的空白太多的规则却让我无法释怀曾经在多少的岁月等待更多的伤害回首 只是看见太多的未来别让我沉醉梦幻 BABYPUPPLE RAIN，PLEASE TELL ME WHY无聊的色彩 有谁能更改PUPPLE RAIN，PLEASE DON'T CRY乌云的背后 仍旧是无奈狂傲的风 难道也算错悲凄的雨 也会有它的梦\n\n你好，请问这首《紫雨》是什么时候发行的？", - "你好，Human！这首歌曲《紫雨》是在1994年发行的。" + "这首歌曲《紫雨》是在1994年发行的。" ], [ "《紫雨》的歌曲时长是多少？", @@ -328630,7 +328630,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瘀斑\n \n瘀斑概述 \n为皮肤、粘膜出血性斑片状病变， 性质同出血点，多提示血液病或疾病引起了出血、凝血异常。\n瘀斑常见疾病 \n1、流行性出血热：可见口腔粘膜、胸背、腋下出现大小不等的出血点或瘀斑,或呈条索状、抓痕样的出血点。2、血小板减少性紫癜 ：瘀点及瘀斑可发生在任何部位的皮肤与粘膜,但以四肢远端较多。3、脑脊髓膜炎：皮肤、粘膜可有瘀点、瘀斑。4、脓毒症：可见各种皮肤损伤,以瘀点、瘀斑、猩红热样皮疹、尊麻疹样皮疹常见。5、外伤：撞伤后皮肤会出现深紫色的瘀斑,较严重的撞伤,可能出现血肿。6、过敏性紫癜 ：多表现为皮肤紫癜。紫癜大小不一，可融合成片，形成瘀斑。紫癜主要局限于四肢，尤其是下肢及臀部。7、急性白血病 ：数以上患者有出血，程度轻重不一，部位可遍及全身，表现为瘀点、瘀斑，鼻出血，牙龈出血和月经过多，眼底出血等。\n瘀斑瘀斑病因\n\n请问瘀斑是什么？", - "你好，Human！瘀斑是一种皮肤和粘膜出血性的斑片状病变，性质类似于出血点。它通常是由血液病或疾病引起的出血或凝血异常所导致的。瘀斑可能是体内某种疾病的表现，而这些疾病可能涉及血液系统或其他器官系统。" + "瘀斑是一种皮肤和粘膜出血性的斑片状病变，性质类似于出血点。它通常是由血液病或疾病引起的出血或凝血异常所导致的。瘀斑可能是体内某种疾病的表现，而这些疾病可能涉及血液系统或其他器官系统。" ], [ "瘀斑常见的疾病有哪些呢？", @@ -328725,7 +328725,7 @@ "history": [ [ "夫妻脸\n一对夫妻生活久了，两个人的相貌会变得相似，名之“夫妻脸”。指夫妻之间关系和睦。\n中文名\n夫妻脸\n拼 音\nfūqīlian\n词 性\n名词\n类 别\n俗语\n 与之相类似，又有“朋友脸”。妙手李天回见到大风堂的赵简和上官刃时，大感惊讶，认为是极难见到的“朋友脸”，于是以高超的手术将二人面貌互换，赵简的身份成了上官刃，上官刃成了赵简。后来，变成上官刃的赵简利用易容后形象，打入四川唐门老巢唐家堡，甚至连自己的儿子赵无忌都认不出来而险些酿弑父悲剧（见古龙《白玉雕龙》）。现代科学已经注意到所谓“夫妻脸”的现象。\n\n你好，请问下所谓的“夫妻脸”是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！“夫妻脸”是一个俗语，意味着一对夫妻生活在一起时间较长后，他们的相貌会逐渐变得相似，从而体现了他们之间关系和睦。这种现象可能是因为夫妻之间相互模仿、习惯相同或共享生活习惯等多种原因导致的。" + "“夫妻脸”是一个俗语，意味着一对夫妻生活在一起时间较长后，他们的相貌会逐渐变得相似，从而体现了他们之间关系和睦。这种现象可能是因为夫妻之间相互模仿、习惯相同或共享生活习惯等多种原因导致的。" ], [ "这个现象在现实生活中是不是真的存在呢？", @@ -328870,7 +328870,7 @@ "history": [ [ "笋丝炒牛肉\n笋丝炒牛肉，主料为笋丝和牛肉，本菜含有丰富的蛋白质、微量元素和维生素，肉质嫩滑，笋丝爽脆。具有补血、补气的功效。\n \n笋丝炒牛肉食材 \n：牛肉丝 300克、罐装红油笋丝 150克、小苏打 1小勺、植物油 4大勺、韩式包饭酱 1小勺、生抽 少许、鸡精 1小勺\n笋丝炒牛肉做法 \n：1.往牛肉丝中加入1小勺小苏打，1大少植物油，1小勺包饭酱拌匀后腌制10分钟。2.锅中倒入3大勺植物油，冷油加入牛肉丝，小火翻炒至牛肉变色后转中火加入红油笋丝翻炒。3.中火炒2分钟左右，加入少许生抽与鸡精出锅即可。\n\n请问根据这个笋丝炒牛肉菜谱，牛肉在腌制前需要做什么处理？", - "你好，Human。根据这个笋丝炒牛肉的菜谱，腌制牛肉前需要将牛肉切成丝。切好的牛肉丝需要与1小勺小苏打、1大勺植物油和1小勺韩式包饭酱混合拌匀，然后腌制10分钟。这样的腌制方式能使牛肉丝更加入味和嫩滑。" + "根据这个笋丝炒牛肉的菜谱，腌制牛肉前需要将牛肉切成丝。切好的牛肉丝需要与1小勺小苏打、1大勺植物油和1小勺韩式包饭酱混合拌匀，然后腌制10分钟。这样的腌制方式能使牛肉丝更加入味和嫩滑。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。我想知道小苏打在这道菜里的作用是什么？", @@ -329416,7 +329416,7 @@ "history": [ [ "舞女\n《舞女》是韩宝仪演唱的一首歌曲，由俞隆华谱曲，翠园填词。\n中文名\n舞女\n歌曲原唱\n韩宝仪\n填 词\n翠园\n谱 曲\n俞隆华\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n 歌曲歌词多少人为了生活历尽了悲欢离合多少人为了生活流尽血泪，心酸像谁诉啊~~~有谁能够了解作舞女的悲哀暗暗流着眼泪也要对人笑嘻嘻啊~~~来来来来跳舞，脚步开始摇动不管他人是谁，人生是一场梦多少人为了生活历尽了悲欢离合多少人为了生活历尽沧桑，心事像谁诉啊~~~有谁能够了解作舞女的悲哀只有流着眼泪也要对人笑嘻嘻啊~~~来来来来跳舞脚步开始摇动，不管他人是谁,人生是一场梦\n\n请问《舞女》是由哪位歌手演唱的？", - "你好，Human！《舞女》是由韩宝仪演唱的一首歌曲。" + "《舞女》是由韩宝仪演唱的一首歌曲。" ], [ "谢谢！能告诉我《舞女》的作曲和填词人分别是谁吗？", @@ -329889,7 +329889,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西红柿青椒炒鸡蛋\n西红柿青椒炒鸡蛋是一道以西红柿、青椒、鸡蛋为主要食材制作的美食。\n中文名\n西红柿青椒炒鸡蛋\n主要食材\n鸡蛋\n辅 食\n青椒、西红柿\n调 料\n味精、盐、糖\n工 艺\n炒\n \n同义词\n青椒西红柿炒鸡蛋一般指西红柿青椒炒鸡蛋\n \n西红柿青椒炒鸡蛋原料 \n鸡蛋两颗、中等西红柿一个、青椒两只、盐、糖、味精、白酒、姜粉适量。\n西红柿青椒炒鸡蛋准备工作 \n开水冲浇西红柿，剥皮。鸡蛋中滴入白酒（3-4滴），撒入少许白糖打散。这样做是为了使鸡蛋更嫩更鲜。\n西红柿青椒炒鸡蛋做法 \n先炒鸡蛋，炒成型后，盛出；锅内不放油，将西红柿青椒在炒过鸡蛋的锅内翻炒，炒出红汤后放入盐、姜粉，放入鸡蛋，翻炒，最后放入味精，翻炒少许，关火。即可。\n\n你好。我想学做西红柿青椒炒鸡蛋，请告诉我要准备哪些材料？", - "你好，Human！要做西红柿青椒炒鸡蛋，你需要准备以下材料：2颗鸡蛋、1个中等大小的西红柿、2只青椒、适量的盐、糖、味精、白酒和姜粉。这些材料可以让你制作出美味的西红柿青椒炒鸡蛋。" + "要做西红柿青椒炒鸡蛋，你需要准备以下材料：2颗鸡蛋、1个中等大小的西红柿、2只青椒、适量的盐、糖、味精、白酒和姜粉。这些材料可以让你制作出美味的西红柿青椒炒鸡蛋。" ], [ "谢谢你，接下来我需要进行哪些准备工作呢？", @@ -330739,7 +330739,7 @@ "history": [ [ "路透社\n路透社（Reuters，LSE：RTR，NASDAQ: RTRSY）是世界上最早创办的通讯社之一，也是英国最大的通讯社和西方四大通讯社之一。路透社是世界前三大的多媒体新闻通讯社，提供各类新闻和金融数据，在128个国家运行。路透社提供新闻报导给报刊、电视台等各式媒体，并向来以迅速、准确享誉国际。另一方面，路透社提供工具和平台，例如股价和外币汇率，让交易员可以分析金融数据和管理交易风险；同时路透社的系统让客户可以经由因特网完成买卖，取代电话或是纽约证券交易所的买卖大厅等人工交易方式，它的电子交易服务串连了金融社群。路透社由德国人保罗·朱利叶斯·路透（Paul Julius Reuter）1850年在德国亚琛创办，次年迁往英国伦敦。1865年，路透把他的私人通讯社扩展成为一家大公司。1916年被改组为路透有限公司。它素以快速的新闻报道被世界各地报刊广为采用而闻名于世。2014年11月，路透社宣布，其网站新闻评论功能将被关闭，读者今后可以到社交媒体或在线论坛上评论其新闻故事。美国当地时间2018年4月16日，路透社荣获2018年度普利策奖特写摄影奖。\n中文名\n路透社\n外文名\nReuters\n所属国家\n英国\n公司类型\n上市公司\n成立时间\n1851年\n总 部\n英国伦敦\n董事长\n尼奥·费兹杰罗\n执行董事\n汤姆·格罗瑟\n营运长\n德温卫·韦尼希\n财务长\n大卫·葛利森\n总编辑\n大卫·史莱辛格\n产 业\n新闻通讯社\n产 品\n新闻，金融市场数据与分析\n营业额\n24亿9百万英镑（2005年）\n员工数\n16800 人\n子公司\nInstinet\n官 网\nhttp://reuters.com/\n \n路透社简介\n\n请问路透社是哪个国家的新闻通讯社？", - "你好，Human。路透社是英国的新闻通讯社。它创建于1851年，并且总部位于英国伦敦。这家通讯社不仅在英国享有声誉，而且在全球范围内都非常知名。路透社给报纸、电视台等各种媒体提供新闻报道，并以新闻报道迅速、准确而闻名于世。" + "路透社是英国的新闻通讯社。它创建于1851年，并且总部位于英国伦敦。这家通讯社不仅在英国享有声誉，而且在全球范围内都非常知名。路透社给报纸、电视台等各种媒体提供新闻报道，并以新闻报道迅速、准确而闻名于世。" ], [ "路透社的创始人是谁？", @@ -331170,7 +331170,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阴影\n《阴影》一书由[英] E. H. 贡布里希所著，重庆大学出版社出版发行。\n书 名\n阴影\n别 名\nShadows: The Depiction of Cast Shadows in Western Art\n作 者\n[英] E. H. 贡布里希\n译 者\n王立秋\n出版社\n重庆大学出版社\n出版时间\n2016年11月\n页 数\n96 页\n定 价\n58 元\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787568901987\n副标题\n西方艺术中对投影的描绘\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n阴影内容简介 \n1995年，为了向著名艺术史家、《艺术的故事》和《世界小史》作者E. H. 贡布里希爵士致敬，英国国家美术馆特别邀请他来策划一次展览。贡布里希将此次展览的主题锁定在艺术史中非常有趣的一个议题：阴影。而且，在此次展览中，他尤其关注阴影中的一个类别：投影。\n本书即是贡布里希亲自为此次展览所写的导览。在其一贯具有亲和力又不失专业水准的精彩文笔引领下，我们可漫步踏入西方艺术史中“投影”这一较少为人窥察的区域。恰如作者所说，这部导览主要是为了“能够鼓励参观者制订自己的观展路线”，去收获属于自己的艺术认知。在这一点上，此书“起着引导宏大主题的宝贵作用”。同时，本书配有71幅高清画质精美插图，由大英博物馆馆长、伦敦国家美术馆馆长亲自作序推荐。\n阴影作者简介 \n- 作者简介 -E. H. 贡布里希（E. H. Gombrich，1909—2001），艺术史家。生于维也纳，后移居英国。1959年起，任伦敦瓦尔堡研究院院长，直至1976年退休。1972年，获封爵士；1988年，获功绩勋章。著有脍炙人口、影响深广的《艺术的故事》和《世界小史》等书。\n- 译者简介 -王立秋，北京大学国际关系学院比较政治学系政治思想专业博士生，出版有《潜能》（与严和来等合译）等译著。\n阴影图书目录 \n前言　尼尔·麦克格瑞格导论　尼古拉斯·彭尼投影诸貌艺术史家的眼光投影与光学法则神话与传说中的阴影对绘画史中投影的一些观察投影的艺术功能以国家美术馆的绘画为例注释致谢姓名索引图片来源\n\n请问《阴影》这本书的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human。《阴影》这本书的作者是英国的艺术史家E. H. 贡布里希（E. H. Gombrich）。" + "《阴影》这本书的作者是英国的艺术史家E. H. 贡布里希（E. H. Gombrich）。" ], [ "书的副标题是什么？", @@ -331272,7 +331272,7 @@ "history": [ [ "Yellow Star\n《Yellow Star》是木马乐队于2003年4月发行的专辑。\n本张EP全部作品均采取同期录音，更邀请到澳大利亚知名录音师郭劲刚先生担纲制作。主唱木玛认为同步录音更能体现摇滚乐的特性，而且“用这种方式录音更容易释放它的力量”。这是木马乐队的首张EP，同时也是国内乐队首次出版EP唱片。\n2004年7月11日，木马乐队凭借该专辑获得第四届华语流行乐传媒大奖最佳乐队的奖项\n。\n外文名\nYellow Star\n专辑语言\n普通话\n专辑歌手\n木马乐队\n曲目数量\n7\n发行时间\n2003年04月21日\n音乐风格\n摇滚 Rock & Roll\n流行Pop\n唱片公司\n摩登天空\n制作人\n郭劲刚\n \nYellow Star专辑介绍 \n木马乐队是摩登天空旗下最具“摇滚英雄”特质后摇滚乐队，这张名为《Yellow Star》包含七首全新作品的EP，将由广州白天鹅唱片有限公司全国发行。这是这支被誉为“中国最低调的乐队”继1999年末发表首张同名专辑后的最重大举动。这张EP应该算是木马乐队衔接其首张专辑与即将开始制作的第二张专辑的一个过渡，其中所收录的七首作品风格各异：在低沉中徘徊的“我失去了她”，展现了成熟之后的木马；在刻意营造并加以反讽“歌特”的“爱得像蜜糖”中，将木马对于女性的热爱表现得彻底而伤感；同名主打作品“Yellow Star”则将木马的分裂、愤怒、悲壮展现到一览无余。歌曲“美丽的南方”是本张EP中的一个秘密，其中包含两个版本，第一个版本在缩混过程中采取了完全“倒放”，于是产生了类似俄罗斯语言的效果，这又是一首磅礴之作，果断的鼓声和风琴的音色极容易让人在聆听中达到眩晕的效果。“Feifei Run”是唱片中最让人感动的作品，是主唱木玛献给爱人的一首歌，被做旧的音色，单声道的效果，一架简约的钢琴，将那种刻骨的爱恋表现到极至。“伟大的演奏家”为一首即兴Jam之作，特邀到PK14乐队主唱杨海崧及摇滚歌手黄勃合作，共同完成创作及演唱，在其中被感受到的应该是自由与欢乐。本张EP全部作品均采取同期录音，更邀请到澳大利亚知名录音师郭劲刚先生担纲制作。主唱木玛认为同步录音更能体现摇滚乐的特性，而且“用这种方式录音更容易释放它的力量”。这是木马乐队的首张EP，同时也是国内乐队首次出版EP唱片。\nYellow Star歌曲信息\n\n请问《Yellow Star》这张专辑是什么时候发行的？", - "你好，Human！《Yellow Star》是木马乐队于2003年4月21日发行的专辑。这张EP包含了7首风格各异的作品。它体现了木马乐队成熟的音乐风格，同时也是国内乐队首次出版EP唱片。" + "《Yellow Star》是木马乐队于2003年4月21日发行的专辑。这张EP包含了7首风格各异的作品。它体现了木马乐队成熟的音乐风格，同时也是国内乐队首次出版EP唱片。" ], [ "谢谢回答，能否告诉我这张专辑制作人是谁？", @@ -331715,7 +331715,7 @@ "history": [ [ "吴尊文莱男演员、歌手\n中文名\n吴尊\n外文名\nChun Wu\n别 名\n吴吉尊\n国 籍\n文莱\n民 族\n汉族\n出生地\n文莱\n出生日期\n1979年10月10日\n星 座\n天秤座\n血 型\nO型\n身 高\n182 cm\n体 重\n72 kg\n毕业院校\n澳大利亚皇家墨尔本理工大学\n职 业\n演员、歌手\n经纪公司\n悦凯娱乐\n代表作品\n花样少年少女、公主小妹、东方茱丽叶、阳光天使、剑蝶、大武生、武动乾坤、篮球火\n主要成就\n2008年马来西亚年度青年企业家奖\n2010年“第五届亚洲模特儿奖颁奖典礼”亚洲明星奖\n2011年“MTV超级盛典”最具风格新锐演员奖\n2015年“文莱青年日庆祝活动”最佳模范青年奖\n2017年女性传媒大奖年度成就男性榜样\n祖 籍\n中国安徽省\n性 别\n男\n \n基本信息\n吴尊早年经历 \n吴尊出生于文莱，他从小学习篮球，并担任过文莱国家队队员；此外，他还代表过文莱与中国的少年队交手，并与姚明一起切磋过。吴尊16岁时，前往澳大利亚读书，并拿到了澳大利亚皇家墨尔本理工大学工商管理学士学位\n。大学毕业后，他在文莱开了一家健身馆；随后，他在朋友的介绍下去台湾当模特。\n吴尊演艺经历 \n \n吴尊杂志照(2张)\n 2005年，出演郑元畅、林依晨主演的青春爱情偶像剧《恶作剧之吻》，在剧中饰演江直树与袁湘琴婚礼上的撑伞男；同年，出演廖斐鸿执导的魔幻校园偶像剧《终极一班》，在剧中饰演战力指数破万、前任武林盟主的儿子田弘光\n；同年12月28日，与汪东城、辰亦儒、炎亚纶组成“飞轮海”组合，并宣布正式出道。2006年，与林依晨、任达华合作主演青春励志偶像剧《东方茱丽叶》，在剧中饰演具有优秀设计才能的男主角纪风亮\n；同年9月15日，随飞轮海推出组合首张音乐专辑《飞轮海》，收录了包括《只对你有感觉》、《我有我的Young》等在内的11首歌曲\n；同年，与陈嘉桦合作主演根据中条比纱也的漫画《偷偷爱着你》改编的青春校园偶像剧《花样少年少女》，在剧中饰演待人冷淡且热爱跳高的男主角左以泉\n；同年12月17日，随飞轮海获得“TVB8金曲榜颁奖礼”最佳组合铜奖\n。 \n吴尊杂志照(6张)\n 2007年1月17日，随飞轮海获得“第29届香港十大中文金曲奖”最有前途新人奖优秀奖\n；同年，与张韶涵、辰亦儒、胡宇威合作主演爱情偶像剧《公主小妹》，在剧中饰演冷静沉稳、温柔体贴且喜怒不形于色的男主角南风瑾\n\n请问吴尊是什么国籍？", - "你好，Human。吴尊的国籍是文莱。他出生并成长在文莱，后来走上了演艺事业。" + "吴尊的国籍是文莱。他出生并成长在文莱，后来走上了演艺事业。" ], [ "吴尊在澳大利亚上过学吗？", @@ -332190,7 +332190,7 @@ "history": [ [ "戈壁\n《戈壁》是2014年克哈萨诺夫·额尔德尼·奥其尔创作油画作品。\n中文名\n戈壁\n作 者\n克哈萨诺夫·额尔德尼·奥其尔\n创作年代\n2014年\n分 类\n油画\n \n戈壁作品简介 \n《戈壁》 / 2014 / 布面油画 / 120厘米 ×150厘米\n戈壁作品赏析 \n戈壁通常给人的感觉是荒凉、空旷、单调，而在哈萨克斯坦画家奥其尔笔下却如此热烈、充实、丰富。奥其尔的油画作品《戈壁》的造型、笔触和色彩都富有表现主义的激情，背景的天空大胆涂成一片鲜艳的红色，近景的沙漠则呈现斑斓的五颜六色，在戈壁滩上行进的驼队只用草草逸笔勾画出剪影似的模糊轮廓。这是戈壁落日的壮丽景象，也是画家激情的自由迸发。（王镛）\n戈壁作者简介 \n克哈萨诺夫·额尔德尼·奥其尔，1972年出生于蒙古，现为艺术家。曾参加在蒙古和韩国举办的艺术展览。\n\n请问这幅名叫《戈壁》的油画是由谁创作的？", - "你好，Human! 这幅名叫《戈壁》的油画是由克哈萨诺夫·额尔德尼·奥其尔创作的。他是一位出生于1972年的蒙古艺术家，曾参加在蒙古和韩国举办的艺术展览。" + "这幅名叫《戈壁》的油画是由克哈萨诺夫·额尔德尼·奥其尔创作的。他是一位出生于1972年的蒙古艺术家，曾参加在蒙古和韩国举办的艺术展览。" ], [ "这幅画是哪一年创作的呢？", @@ -332444,7 +332444,7 @@ "history": [ [ "申购\n申购指在基金成立后的存续期间，处于申购开放状态期内，投资者申请购买基金份额的行为。基金封闭期结束后，若申请购买开放式基金，习惯上称为基金申购，以区分在发行期内的认购。基金的申购，就是买进。上市的封闭式基金，买进方法同一般股票。开放式基金是以您欲申购之金额，除以买进当日基金净值，得到买进单位数。\n中文名\n申购\n释 义\n基金成立后的存续期间\n对 象\n投资者\n领 域\n经济\n \n申购概念 \n申购费是指投资者在基金存续期间向基金管理人购买基金份额时所支付的手续费。我国《开放式投资基金证券基金试点办法》规定，开放式基金可以收取申购费，但申购费率不得超过申购金额的5%。申购费费率在1.5%左右，并随申购金额的大小有相应的减让。基金申购费率指投资人购买基金份额需支付的费用比率，投资者申购不同基金时，可能会因为申购金额的大小而申购费率有所不同。在这里，取费率最大值计算。\n申购计算公式\n\n请问申购是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！申购是指在基金成立后的存续期间，处于申购开放状态的期内，投资者申请购买基金份额的行为。基金封闭期结束后，若申请购买开放式基金，习惯上称为基金申购，以区分在发行期内的认购。基金的申购，就是买进。开放式基金的申购是通过将你想要投资的金额除以当天的基金净值，从而得到购买的基金份额数。" + "申购是指在基金成立后的存续期间，处于申购开放状态的期内，投资者申请购买基金份额的行为。基金封闭期结束后，若申请购买开放式基金，习惯上称为基金申购，以区分在发行期内的认购。基金的申购，就是买进。开放式基金的申购是通过将你想要投资的金额除以当天的基金净值，从而得到购买的基金份额数。" ], [ "申购费是怎么计算的？", @@ -332647,7 +332647,7 @@ "history": [ [ "科尔沁右翼前旗\n科尔沁右翼前旗，隶属于内蒙古自治区兴安盟，地处兴安盟中西部，南连突泉县、科尔沁右翼中旗和吉林省白城地区，北接呼伦贝尔盟新巴尔虎左旗、鄂温克族自治旗和扎兰屯市，东北邻扎赉特旗，西靠锡林郭勒盟东乌珠穆沁旗，西北部与蒙古国接壤。\n根据第七次人口普查数据，截至2020年11月1日零时，科尔沁右翼前旗常住人口为285392人。\n科尔沁右翼前旗总面积1.7万平方公里\n。科尔沁右翼前旗境内居住有蒙、汉、满、回、朝鲜等13个民族，其中蒙古族人口占总人口的45%。2019年，科尔沁右翼前旗全旗地区生产总值完成95.5亿元，增长7.1%。\n2017年获“国家园林县城”荣誉称号。\n2018年10月22日，入选2018年全国农村一二三产业融合发展先导区创建名单。\n2020年3月4日，内蒙古自治区人民政府同意科尔沁右翼前旗退出贫困旗县序列。\n2021年8月2日，经中央农村工作领导小组审核同意，将科右前旗确定为国家乡村振兴重点帮扶旗县。\n中文名\n科尔沁右翼前旗\n外文名\nHorqin Right Front Banner\n别 名\n科右前旗\n行政区划代码\n152221\n行政区类别\n旗\n所属地区\n内蒙古自治区兴安盟\n地理位置\n内蒙古自治区北部\n面 积\n17000 km²\n下辖地区\n11个镇、6个乡、6个苏木\n政府驻地\n科尔沁镇\n电话区号\n0482\n邮政区码\n137423\n气候条件\n温带大陆性气候\n著名景点\n苏联红军纪念塔、索伦惨案烈士碑\n机 场\n乌兰浩特机场\n火车站\n葛根庙站\n车牌代码\n蒙F\n地区生产总值\n95.5 亿元(2019年)\n方 言\n蒙古语科尔沁方言，汉语东北官话\n人 口\n285392人（2020年11月1日零时常住人口）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n科尔沁右翼前旗建制沿革 \n科尔沁右翼前旗名称由来\n科尔沁系蒙古语，带弓箭之意。\n科尔沁右翼前旗历史沿革\n\n你好，请问科尔沁右翼前旗地理位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human！科尔沁右翼前旗位于内蒙古自治区兴安盟中西部，南连突泉县、科尔沁右翼中旗和吉林省白城地区，北接呼伦贝尔盟新巴尔虎左旗、鄂温克族自治旗和扎兰屯市，东北邻扎赉特旗，西靠锡林郭勒盟东乌珠穆沁旗，西北部与蒙古国接壤。" + "科尔沁右翼前旗位于内蒙古自治区兴安盟中西部，南连突泉县、科尔沁右翼中旗和吉林省白城地区，北接呼伦贝尔盟新巴尔虎左旗、鄂温克族自治旗和扎兰屯市，东北邻扎赉特旗，西靠锡林郭勒盟东乌珠穆沁旗，西北部与蒙古国接壤。" ], [ "这个地区全名是什么？外文名又是怎么称呼的？", @@ -332745,7 +332745,7 @@ "history": [ [ "可持续性设计\n《可持续性设计》是2018年12月中国电力出版社出版的图书，作者是Tim、Frick，译者是杜春晓、司韦韦。\n书 名\n可持续性设计\n作 者\nTim、Frick\n译 者\n杜春晓、司韦韦\n出版社\n中国电力出版社\n出版时间\n2018年12月1日\n页 数\n360 页\n定 价\n78 元\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787519826611\n \n可持续性设计内容简介 \n本书作者引入了一个Web设计框架。该框架的内容策略、性能优化、设计和用户体验、绿色托管组件，若采用可持续性原则设计，能改变产品和服务对环境的影响。本书重点介绍了可持续性原则在这四个方面的应用。怎样做才能既为用户提供流畅的体验，又可减少数字产品和服务对环境的影响？答案尽在书中。本书主要内容有：为什么现有内容的90%是去年生产的？用可持续性原则指导创新、减排，更有效地发挥产品和服务的功能。探索绿色托管、可持续商业实践，探索精益和敏捷工作流。用户有需要时，立即送上合适的内容，不多不少。增加网站对搜索引擎的可见度，打造流畅的用户体验，让视频点播更高效。\n可持续性设计图书目录\n\n我想了解一下关于《可持续性设计》这本书的内容，能给我简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human! 当然可以。《可持续性设计》是一本关于如何采用可持续性原则设计数字产品和服务，以减少对环境的影响的书籍。作者Tim Frick引入了一个Web设计框架，包括内容策略、性能优化、设计和用户体验、绿色托管等组件。本书详细介绍了可持续性原则在这四个方面的应用，以便为用户提供流畅的体验，同时降低对环境造成的影响。" + "当然可以。《可持续性设计》是一本关于如何采用可持续性原则设计数字产品和服务，以减少对环境的影响的书籍。作者Tim Frick引入了一个Web设计框架，包括内容策略、性能优化、设计和用户体验、绿色托管等组件。本书详细介绍了可持续性原则在这四个方面的应用，以便为用户提供流畅的体验，同时降低对环境造成的影响。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍。这本书具体涉及哪些主题呢？", @@ -333094,7 +333094,7 @@ "history": [ [ "吴军对外经济贸易大学金融学院教授\n吴军，男，汉族，毕业于中国人民银行金融研究所研究生部，是教授。\n中文名\n吴军\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n毕业院校\n中国人民银行金融研究所研究生部\n专业方向\n金融学\n职 称\n教授\n \n吴军人物经历 \n教育背景与学术经历1995 年毕业于中国人民银行金融研究所研究生部，获经济学博士学位1988 年毕业于中国人民银行金融研究所研究生部，获经济学硕士学位1981 年毕业于云南财贸学院学术与社会兼职中国金融学会常务理事，北京金融学会副会长中国城市金融学会常务理事、学术委员中国金融学年会理事、第五届中国金融学年会主席主要研究方向货币经济学—货币理论与货币政策\n吴军主讲课程 \n货币银行学、中央银行学、货币经济学、现代金融理论与政策\n吴军主要贡献\n\n你好，请问著名金融学者吴军教授是哪个学校的教授？", - "你好，Human！吴军教授是对外经济贸易大学金融学院的教授。他是一位在金融学界颇有影响力的学者，积累了丰富的理论知识和实践经验。" + "吴军教授是对外经济贸易大学金融学院的教授。他是一位在金融学界颇有影响力的学者，积累了丰富的理论知识和实践经验。" ], [ "请问吴军教授的毕业院校和所学专业是什么？", @@ -333224,7 +333224,7 @@ "history": [ [ "陆家嘴滨江公馆上海市陆家嘴滨江公馆小区\n陆家嘴滨江公馆位于上海市浦东洋泾，由中星集团建成，总建筑面积5000，总占地面积2000，共计房屋260户。\n中文名\n陆家嘴滨江公馆\n别 名\n浦东大道1638号\n城 市\n上海市\n城 区\n浦东\n板 块\n洋泾\n环线位置\n内环内\n楼盘地址\n浦东大道1638号\n开发商\n中星集团\n建筑结构\n钢筋混凝土结构\n建筑面积\n5000 m²\n占地面积\n2000 m²\n总户数\n260 户\n绿化率\n35\n容积率\n1.5\n户型面积\n63.84~76.4平方米\n产权类型\n商品房\n 周边配套医疗上海市浦东新区公利医院，复旦大学附属妇产科医院，上海天使口腔门诊部，公利医院-门诊，上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院北院，上海市东方医院，上海华美医疗美容医院，红房子妇产科医院杨浦院区-住院部，浦东新区公利医院-健康体检部，公利医院-急诊\n教育上海市医药学校(沈家弄路)，上海民办福山正达外国语小学，洋泾实验小学(新校区)，上海市第二轻工业学校，上海市六师二附小，上海市环境学校(浦东校区)，建平中学，上海海事职业技术学院，上海船舶运输科学研究所，上海纽约大学\n购物滨江光合新座，栖山农贸市场，上海凌浦菜市场，公平五金建材店，家家乐超市(栖山路店)，五金建材批发部，联华超市(洋泾店)，罗森便利店(浦东大道店)，批发五金电动工具，联华超市(巨野店)\n\n请问一下，陆家嘴滨江公馆在哪个城市，具体地址是什么？", - "你好，Human。陆家嘴滨江公馆位于中国上海市浦东新区。具体地址为浦东大道1638号。因为这个小区位于上海市的浦东新区，所以方便你了解其地理位置。" + "陆家嘴滨江公馆位于中国上海市浦东新区。具体地址为浦东大道1638号。因为这个小区位于上海市的浦东新区，所以方便你了解其地理位置。" ], [ "那么，这个小区是由哪个开发商建设的？建筑结构是什么类型？", @@ -333400,7 +333400,7 @@ "history": [ [ "良渚文化\n良渚文化分布的中心地区在钱塘江流域和太湖流域，而遗址分布最密集的地区则在钱塘江流域的东北部、东部。该文化遗址最大特色是所出土的玉器。挖掘自墓葬中的玉器包含有璧、琮、冠形器、玉镯、柱形玉器和玉钺等诸多器型。此外，良渚陶器也相当细致。不少学者认为良渚文化可以算得上中国的第一个王朝了，据《韩非子·显学》，虞代延续了一千余年，推测良渚文化便是虞朝的考古学文化。陈剩勇、吕琪昌等强调良渚文化是夏文化的源头。\n良渚文化遗址中心位于浙江省杭州市余杭区西北部瓶窑镇，核心部位于良渚古城，“反山、莫角山、汇观山，11条水坝”均在瓶窑境内。1936年发现的良渚遗址，实际上是余杭县的良渚、瓶窑、安溪三镇之间许多遗址的总称，是长江下游良渚文化的代表性遗址，1959年依照考古惯例按发现地点良渚命名为良渚文化。遗址总面积约34平方公里。良渚遗址是人类早期文化遗址之一，实证中华五千年的新石器时代人类文化史，申遗成功标志着中华五千年新石器时代文化史得到国际社会认可。\n2019年7月6日，中国良渚遗址获准列入世界遗产名录\n。\n中文名\n良渚文化\n外文名\nArchaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City\n别 名\n良渚文明\n距 今\n5300-4300年\n相关古国\n良渚古国\n相关古城\n良渚古城、两城镇遗址、琅琊古城\n文化继承\n巢湖-凌家滩文化、上海马桥文化\n社会文化形态\n城邦文化\n相关民族\n古越族\n相关墓葬\n反山王陵、巢皇陵（待发掘）\n君主世系\n天皇氏------有巢氏（前期）\n地理位置\n太湖流域（钱塘江水系）\n年代推断依据\n三皇五帝年表\n存在时间\n公元前3300年----公元前2300年\n存在时间参考\n三皇五帝年表\n君主世系来源\n三皇五帝年表\n所处文化层\n良渚文化时期\n \n良渚文化考察发掘 \n良渚文化时期稻作农业已相当进步。稻谷有籼、粳稻之分，并普遍使用石犁、石镰。良渚文化手工业也有很高的成就，玉石制作、制陶、木作、竹器编织、丝麻纺织都达到较高水平。尤其是琢制的玉器，其数量之多、品种之丰富、雕琢之精美，均达到史前玉器的高峰。玉器上的纹饰主题神人兽面纹，是良渚先民“天人合一”观念的体现和信仰，并逐步成为中国传统文化的核心。玉器和陶器上还出现了不少刻划符号，这些符号在形体上已接近商周时期的文字，是良渚文化进入文明时代的重要标志。\n良渚文化文化命名\n\n你好，能帮我解释一下什么是良渚文化吗？", - "你好，Human！良渚文化是距今约5300-4300年的一种新石器时代文化，中心地区分布在钱塘江流域和太湖流域。良渚文化的最大特色是出土的玉器，包含有璧、琮、冠形器、玉镯、柱形玉器和玉钺等多种器型。此外，良渚陶器制作也相当精细。许多学者认为良渚文化可以视为中国的第一个王朝，它可能是虞朝的考古学文化，也被认为是夏文化的源头。2019年7月6日，中国良渚遗址成功列入世界遗产名录。" + "良渚文化是距今约5300-4300年的一种新石器时代文化，中心地区分布在钱塘江流域和太湖流域。良渚文化的最大特色是出土的玉器，包含有璧、琮、冠形器、玉镯、柱形玉器和玉钺等多种器型。此外，良渚陶器制作也相当精细。许多学者认为良渚文化可以视为中国的第一个王朝，它可能是虞朝的考古学文化，也被认为是夏文化的源头。2019年7月6日，中国良渚遗址成功列入世界遗产名录。" ], [ "那良渚文化遗址的具体地点在哪里？", @@ -334040,7 +334040,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中华五千年传播中国文明的著名网站名\n“中华五千年”网是一家以中华文史为基石，传播中华传统文化、中华历史、工艺美术、中华人物等中国文明的综合性平台。\n中文名\n中华五千年\n性 质\n网站\n目 的\n传播中华文化、复兴中华文明\n类 型\n综合性\n分 类\n中华传统文化、中华历史等\n基 石\n中华文史\n \n中华五千年网站简介 \n“中华五千年”网以传播中华文化、复兴中华文明为己任“中华五千年”网的影响。\n中华五千年获得荣誉\n\n请问“中华五千年”网站是做什么的？", - "你好，Human！“中华五千年”网站是一个以中华文史为基石的综合性平台，它致力于传播中华传统文化、中华历史、工艺美术、中华人物等中国文明。网站的目的在于传播中华文化、复兴中华文明。" + "“中华五千年”网站是一个以中华文史为基石的综合性平台，它致力于传播中华传统文化、中华历史、工艺美术、中华人物等中国文明。网站的目的在于传播中华文化、复兴中华文明。" ], [ "在这个网站上，我能了解到哪些方面的信息呢？", @@ -334503,7 +334503,7 @@ "history": [ [ "梅花谱\n《梅花谱》是2014年成都时代出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n梅花谱\n作 者\n(清)王再越等著\n出版社\n成都时代出版社\n出版时间\n2014年7月1日\n页 数\n328 页\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787546411682\n \n梅花谱内容简介 \n《梅花谱》是一部划时代的象棋“瑰宝”，创立的屏风马破当头炮的布局体系，开创了马炮争雄的新局面，许多精彩着法争奇斗巧之处，极变化之能事，为后学之典范。《新编梅花谱（增订本）》还收入了【清】吴梅圣辑著的《梅花谱》和【清】巴吉人辑著的《反梅花谱》，三谱相映成辉。新编《梅花谱》改用现代回合制的体例，去繁就简，运用最新变例，夹叙夹评，将原著的精华同当今的棋战成果有机的结合起来，是一本难能可贵的好书。\n梅花谱图书目录\n\n请问《梅花谱》这本书是什么时候出版的？", - "你好，Human！《梅花谱》这本书是在2014年7月1日出版的。这本书是由成都时代出版社出版的，它是一部讲述象棋的瑰宝级图书，具有重要的历史和教育价值。希望这个信息能帮助你了解这本书的出版背景。" + "《梅花谱》这本书是在2014年7月1日出版的。这本书是由成都时代出版社出版的，它是一部讲述象棋的瑰宝级图书，具有重要的历史和教育价值。希望这个信息能帮助你了解这本书的出版背景。" ], [ "谢谢！《梅花谱》的作者是谁呢？", @@ -334614,7 +334614,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法医学杂志司法鉴定科学研究院主办的学术期刊\n《法医学杂志》（CN 31-1472/R，ISSN 1004-5619）创刊于1985年7月，由中华人民共和国司法部主管、司法鉴定科学研究院主办，是我国第一本向国内外公开发行的国家级法医学专业学术刊物。\n据2018年6月《法医学杂志》编辑部官网显示，《法医学杂志》第九届编辑委员会有顾问人，编委48人；《法医学杂志》编辑部有编辑16人，编委1人，广告、发行1人。\n据2018年6月23日中国知网显示，《法医学杂志》共出版文献4865篇、总被下载427463次、总被引12702次；（2017版）复合影响因子为0.302、（2017版）综合影响因子为0.253。据2018年6月23日万方数据知识服务平台显示，《法医学杂志》载文量为3345篇、被引量为1816次、下载量为86956次；2015年影响因子为0.32。\n中文名\n法医学杂志\n外文名\nJournal of Forensic Medicine\n语 种\n中文\n类 别\n公安；特种医学\n主管单位\n中华人民共和国司法部\n主办单位\n司法鉴定科学研究院\n编辑单位\n《法医学杂志》编辑部\n创刊时间\n1985年7月\n出版周期\n双月刊\n国内刊号\n31-1472/R\n国际刊号\n1004-5619\n属 性\nCACSCD\n现任主编\n陈忆九\n编辑部地址\n上海市（市西）光复西路1347号\n \n法医学杂志办刊历史 \n1985年7月，《法医学杂志》创刊，刊期为每期48页、季刊。1996年，改为每期64页。2005年，改为每期80页。2006年，变更为每期80页、双月刊。2009年起，正文纸张由80克双胶纸改为80克UPM雅光纸，采用了图文混排方式。\n2014年11月，该刊成为原国家新闻出版广电总局第一批认定学术期刊。\n法医学杂志办刊条件 \n法医学杂志栏目方向\n\n请问《法医学杂志》是什么样的期刊？", - "你好，Human。《法医学杂志》是一本中国司法部主管、司法鉴定科学研究院主办的国家级法医学专业学术刊物。它成立于1985年7月，以中文为主要语言，涉及公安和特种医学类别。《法医学杂志》是第一本向国内外公开发行的国家级法医学专业刊物。" + "《法医学杂志》是一本中国司法部主管、司法鉴定科学研究院主办的国家级法医学专业学术刊物。它成立于1985年7月，以中文为主要语言，涉及公安和特种医学类别。《法医学杂志》是第一本向国内外公开发行的国家级法医学专业刊物。" ], [ "《法医学杂志》的出版周期是多长？", @@ -334747,7 +334747,7 @@ "history": [ [ "延长\n延长，汉语词语，拼音yáncháng，意思是向长的方面发展。\n中文名\n延长\n拼 音\nyáncháng\n \n延长词语辨析 \n【近义词】增长、夸大、延伸、伸长、延迟、拉长、耽误【反义词】 推迟、提前、缩小、缩短\n延长词语解释 \n1、扩展长度、使更长：延长一条道路2. 时间上使更长、延期、拖长：条约延长了二十年\n延长词语出处 \n1. 绵延久长。《汉书·翼奉传》：“天道终而复始，穷则反本，故能延长而亡穷也。”《后汉书·窦融传》：“ 汉 承 尧 运，历数延长。” 唐 吴兢 《贞观政要·论仁义》：“ 太宗 曰：‘朕看古来帝王以仁义为治者，国祚延长。’”2. 向长的方面发展。巴金 《家》十一：“罢课延长下去等于放寒假。” 柔石 《人鬼和他底妻的故事》：“她一直线的想去，将这线从眼前延长到无限的天边。”\n咟喥咟萪\n\n请问延长这个词有哪些近义词和反义词？", - "你好，Human！根据信息，延长这个词的近义词有：增长、夸大、延伸、伸长、延迟、拉长、耽误。而它的反义词有：推迟、提前、缩小、缩短。这些词汇都在一定程度上表示了长度或时间的变化，只是具体的含义和方向有所不同。" + "根据信息，延长这个词的近义词有：增长、夸大、延伸、伸长、延迟、拉长、耽误。而它的反义词有：推迟、提前、缩小、缩短。这些词汇都在一定程度上表示了长度或时间的变化，只是具体的含义和方向有所不同。" ], [ "能告诉我一下延长这个词的两个意思吗？", @@ -334953,7 +334953,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黑猫\n《黑猫》是傅佩嘉原唱的歌曲，所属专辑《一夜成名》。\n中文名\n黑猫\n所属专辑\n一夜成名\n歌曲原唱\n傅佩嘉\n填 词\n傅佩嘉\n谱 曲\n傅佩嘉\n编 曲\n吴国恩\n歌曲语言\n中文\n 歌曲歌词请不要开灯 无须扮作这间屋有人摸黑我有天份 身手灵敏过人请不要多心 谁要代替这Cushion宠幸 利爪就要送赠你小心不要太过份成人玩意 我嫌弃 求其诚意看不起 你不需这么跪地搅不好给抓损鼻无聊亦不要做你 情感缘分叉的一次转机受不起这福气 随时咬伤你鱼干赠我 就想得到我万千宠爱 但我不快乐全黑是我 未像家猫般合作肚饿 当节食也不错我不打算嗌肚饿 我天生高贵冷漠不 不要伤心 由你当选最差的主人怪 就怪恶运 遇到我这一个坏人\n\n请问，傅佩嘉的《黑猫》这首歌属于哪张专辑？", - "你好，Human！傅佩嘉的《黑猫》这首歌属于《一夜成名》这张专辑。这张专辑包含了许多其他优秀的歌曲，其中《黑猫》是很受欢迎的一首。" + "傅佩嘉的《黑猫》这首歌属于《一夜成名》这张专辑。这张专辑包含了许多其他优秀的歌曲，其中《黑猫》是很受欢迎的一首。" ], [ "能详细告诉我这首歌的词曲创作者以及编曲人是谁吗？", @@ -335150,7 +335150,7 @@ "history": [ [ "空气清新剂\n空气清新剂是由乙醇、香精、去离子水等成分组成，通过散发香味来掩盖异味，减轻人们对异味不舒服的感觉的一种气雾或喷雾。空气清新剂通常分为固体、液体和气体三种。但是在夏秋季节日照强烈，易于生成臭氧的季节，非必要情况下尽量不要使用空气清新剂，以防产生危害。\n中文名\n空气清新剂\n成 分\n乙醇、香精、去离子水\n途 径\n散发香味\n用 途\n掩盖异味\n分 类\n固体、液体和气体三种\n注意事项\n在夏秋季节日照强烈，非必要情况下尽量不要使用空气清新剂\n \n空气清新剂产品简介 \n车用空气清新剂又称“环境香水”，是目前净化车内空气环境，提高空气质量最常见的方法，由于携带方便，使用简单以及价格便宜，空气清新剂成为不少司机朋友净化车内空气的首选，它的工作原理也很简单，就是在发出恶臭的物质中加入少量药剂，通过化学反应达到除臭目的和使用强烈的芳香物质隐蔽臭气，因此很多空气清新剂事实上并没有将车内的异味清除，仅仅是用一种讨人喜欢的香型将异味掩盖而已。\n空气清新剂种类 \n空气清新剂分类\n \n空气清新剂(14张)\n 空气清新剂是在20世纪开始应用于环境卫生领域的一种化工产品，可分为：1.气雾型。指使用抛射剂的罐装产品。使用这类产品时，密闭罐内的空气清新剂可在抛射剂所产生的压力作用下被均匀喷出，并在空气中形成悬浮状态的喷雾。2.喷雾型。指未使用抛射剂的微型喷雾产品。\n空气清新剂香型\n空气清新剂有各种香型，如单花香型(茉莉花、玫瑰花、桂花、铃兰花、栀子花、百合花等)、复合香型等.但基本上都是由乙醚、香精等成分组成 空气清新剂也可以称为“环境香水”，近年来各种空气清新剂迅速 普及起来。\n空气清新剂剂型\n\n你好，请问空气清新剂都包含哪些主要成分呢？", - "你好，Human！空气清新剂主要由乙醇、香精和去离子水等成分组成。这些成分共同作用，通过散发香味来掩盖异味，从而减轻人们对异味的不适感。" + "空气清新剂主要由乙醇、香精和去离子水等成分组成。这些成分共同作用，通过散发香味来掩盖异味，从而减轻人们对异味的不适感。" ], [ "空气清新剂有哪些类型呢？", @@ -335927,7 +335927,7 @@ "history": [ [ "儿童画\n儿童画，由表面看来是不讲什么技法的，不讲“画理”、“画法”，逾越了透视、解剖、构图等一般常规，是非“学院”派的画派。在造型上儿童画常常不按物体的实际比例进行描绘，在表现形式方面如造型、色彩构图等也有其自己的特点。\n中文名\n儿童画\n外文名\nChildren's painting\n作 者\n儿童\n作 用\n发展儿童智力、对儿童进行美育\n特 点\n题材、感情色彩、神态形似、绘画语言、创作\n代表画作\n睢宁儿童画\n \n儿童画作品特点 \n儿童画题材\n \n儿童画(5张)\n 儿童善于表现成人所不易注意的另一个世界这个世界是现实与理想的结合，带有很强的想象成份。他们画自己，而画面上的自己经常出现在想象的特殊环境之中，如与外星人、机器人、拟人化了的小动物们在一起。他们没有去过海底和太空，却爱画海底的世界，喜欢描绘天外的世界，在这类画面上，我们看到了未来的希望。儿童画是现实和理想的结合，如有个儿童画的“水果丰收”竟在一棵树上，挂满了硕大的西瓜、苹果、葡萄、梨子、山楂果等，尽管与生活相悖近乎荒唐离奇，然而充满了想象力，还带有探索未来的神秘气息。儿童画题材的另一特点是对现实生活作稚气的描绘。儿童们画周围的世界：爸爸、妈妈、踢球、放风筝等，带有很强的主观表现成份。我们在儿童所热衷表现的绘画题材里可以看出，在孩子们的心中，世界是美好的，多彩的。\n儿童画感情色彩\n儿童画\n在表现形式方面如造型、色彩构图等也有其自己的特点。儿童画好的造型，由于是在自己直观感受的支配下进行的。因此，儿童笔下的形象往往与现实的对象有很大的差距，有时夸张，有时削弱，有时浓烈，有时淡雅。他们不从物体的外貌上追求形体的透视、比例，尽情夸张，却收到意外的效果。儿童画在造型时，还有一些独特的创造。比如人头的仰视是不好画的，这在成人画家处理起来也是感到棘手的，儿童竟以其特殊的方式加以处理。有个5岁的小朋友画看星星的娃娃，把正面的人头反着画，动态感一下就画出来了。儿童的观察力是简单的，他只紧紧地抓住那“动”的特征就行了，别的不去管。抓特征，属于一种整体的观察方法，只有大量去掉非特征性的枝节，才可能从大体上保持住特征，这种从整体观察事物的方法，正是儿童观察事物的突出特点。\n儿童画神似形似\n\n你好，儿童画是怎样的一种艺术形式？", - "你好，Human！儿童画是一种非常独特的艺术形式，它不讲究技法，逾越了透视、解剖、构图等一般常规，属于非“学院”派的画派。儿童画所展现的是孩子们对现实与理想的结合，充满了想象力。在造型上，儿童画常常不按物体的实际比例进行描绘，而在表现形式上，如造型、色彩构图等，也有其自己的特点。儿童画能够发展儿童的智力，对他们进行美育。总之，儿童画就是孩子们展示他们内心世界、富有创意的一种艺术形式。" + "儿童画是一种非常独特的艺术形式，它不讲究技法，逾越了透视、解剖、构图等一般常规，属于非“学院”派的画派。儿童画所展现的是孩子们对现实与理想的结合，充满了想象力。在造型上，儿童画常常不按物体的实际比例进行描绘，而在表现形式上，如造型、色彩构图等，也有其自己的特点。儿童画能够发展儿童的智力，对他们进行美育。总之，儿童画就是孩子们展示他们内心世界、富有创意的一种艺术形式。" ], [ "儿童画题材是如何选择的？", @@ -336087,7 +336087,7 @@ "history": [ [ "恺撒·博尔吉亚\n恺撒·博尔吉亚（英文名：Cesare Borgia；西班牙语名：César Borja，音译塞萨尔·博尔哈/西泽尔·波尔金，拉丁文为恺撒·博尔吉亚/凯撒·波吉亚，1476？-1507年），教皇亚历山大六世（罗德里格·博尔吉亚）的私生子，瓦伦蒂诺公爵，罗马尼阿的主人，伊莫拉、弗利、佩鲁贾、皮奥姆比诺、比萨、卢卡、锡耶纳等无数属地征服者。曾经担任过瓦伦西亚大主教和枢机主教，却以他的邪恶、残忍和征战的天才，将一个教皇国的梦想献给他的家族。他是波吉亚家族中最恶名昭彰同时也是最具魅力的一个，在14、15世纪的欧洲历史上，再没有第二个像他那样背负如此之多恶名却又为同时代人所同情并毫不吝惜地给予赞美的统治者。他被列奥纳多·达·芬奇形容拥有“宁静的面孔和天使般清澈的双眼”，却残酷贪婪，为了权力和财富不择手段，但是在欧洲追随他大有人在，认为他勇敢、果断、坚强、才华横溢是个极为优秀的统治者。尼可罗·马基亚维利以他为原型写下传世名作《君主论》，而希特勒、墨索里尼等更是对他顶礼膜拜。他曾经呼风唤雨，权倾一时，令人谈之色变，但自从与父亲一同中毒之后，命运急转直下，在一次可疑的战斗中长矛穿胸而死。\n中文名\n恺撒·博尔吉亚 / 切萨雷·波吉亚\n外文名\nCesare Borgia / César Borja\n别 名\n塞萨尔·博尔哈 / 西泽尔·波尔金/西泽尔·博尔吉亚\n国 籍\n教皇国\n出生日期\n1475年9月13日\n逝世日期\n1507年3月12日\n毕业院校\n比萨大学\n主要成就\n16世纪初几乎征服了全意大利\n出生地\n罗马\n信 仰\n天主教\n教 职\n瓦伦西亚大主教，枢机主教\n头 衔\n瓦伦蒂诺公爵，罗马尼阿公爵\n绰 号\n毒药公爵\n葬 地\n西班牙-纳瓦拉-圣玛利亚大教堂\n \n同义词\n凯撒·波吉亚一般指恺撒·博尔吉亚（教皇国军队统帅）\n \n纠错\n关闭纠错\n \n父亲\n亚历山大六世\n 有错误14203\n已反馈\n \n恺撒·博尔吉亚家族\n\n请问恺撒·博尔吉亚是谁？", - "你好，Human。恺撒·博尔吉亚是教皇亚历山大六世的私生子，瓦伦蒂诺公爵和罗马尼阿的主人。他曾任瓦伦西亚大主教和枢机主教，以邪恶、残忍和征战天才而著名。尽管背负着恶名，但同时代的人们对他既同情又赞美。他勇敢、果断、坚强、才华横溢的特点使他成为一个优秀的统治者。尼可罗·马基亚维利以他为原型写下《君主论》，希特勒、墨索里尼等人也对他顶礼膜拜。然而，命运对他并不友好，他和父亲一同中毒后，权势衰败，并在一场可疑的战斗中惨死。" + "恺撒·博尔吉亚是教皇亚历山大六世的私生子，瓦伦蒂诺公爵和罗马尼阿的主人。他曾任瓦伦西亚大主教和枢机主教，以邪恶、残忍和征战天才而著名。尽管背负着恶名，但同时代的人们对他既同情又赞美。他勇敢、果断、坚强、才华横溢的特点使他成为一个优秀的统治者。尼可罗·马基亚维利以他为原型写下《君主论》，希特勒、墨索里尼等人也对他顶礼膜拜。然而，命运对他并不友好，他和父亲一同中毒后，权势衰败，并在一场可疑的战斗中惨死。" ], [ "恺撒·博尔吉亚所取得的主要成就是什么？", @@ -336561,7 +336561,7 @@ "history": [ [ "纤体\n纤体：Fitness Beauty，是新近流行的一种说法。纤体与减肥的概念不同。减肥只是减掉人身体内多余的脂肪，而纤体更具针对性，一般是针对局部肥胖而言。但局部肥胖通过运动是达不到最佳效果的，纤体的效果通常不会表现为体重下降，而是通过“围度尺寸”的缩小表现出来。或者说纤体的最终目的是通过一系列纤体项目，比如有氧运动的高温瑜伽、普拉提，再有利用物理仪器尖端设备，来达到身材曲线更标准、更完美，而且皮肤也会更有弹性和光泽。科学地纤体不但能达到减肥的目的，还能重塑人体曲线，使身体更健康、线条更优美。\n中文名\n纤体\n外文名\nFitness Beauty\n \n纤体简介 \n美国医学会杂志JAMA的一篇文章里写到：在热衷减重的人群中，52%的女人实际上只需要纤体，而不需要创伤性或副作用大的剧烈减肥方式。皮肤松弛会导致\"肥胖\"。这里所说的肥胖，不是真正的肥胖，而是你的\"错误视觉\"。对于维持身形，女人应该谨慎的选择纤体塑形的方式。\n纤体常见体型 \n纤体直尺型身材\n身材特征：缺乏曲线、腹部容易生赘肉，也就是我们常说的小肚腩。直尺型身材练习步骤1、50个仰卧起坐，放松全身，准备下一个动作。2、5个半蹲，每次半蹲状态维持30秒钟。3、举两个5磅的哑铃，左、右臂各25次。4、跳跃100下，手臂同时保持向前平行伸直。\n纤体西洋梨型身材\n身材特征：下半身比上半身结实，上半身细瘦，赘肉主要集中在臀部以及大腿。练习步骤：西洋梨型身材练习步骤1、50个仰卧起坐，放松全身，准备下一个动作。2、左右腿各50个垂直举腿。3、举两个5磅的哑铃，左、右臂各30次。4、弹跳75下，手臂同时保持向前平行伸直。\n纤体沙漏型身材\n身材特征：上下半身都十分结实，腰身纤细，体重增加或减少是偏向全身的，而不是部分的。练习步骤：沙漏型身材练习步骤1、25个仰卧起坐，放松全身，准备下一个动作。2、左右腿各50个垂直举腿。3、举两个5磅的哑铃，左、右臂各25次。4、跳跃100下，手臂同时保持向前平行伸直。\n纤体纤体方法 \n纤体运动纤体\n\n我最近发现自己局部有点肥胖，尤其是小肚子。我想了解一下纤体和减肥有什么区别？", - "你好，Human！纤体和减肥确实有所不同。减肥主要是减少身体内多余的脂肪，而纤体更加针对性，通常是针对局部肥胖进行。纤体的效果一般不会体现为体重下降，而是通过围度尺寸的缩小表现出来。纤体的最终目的是通过一系列纤体项目，如有氧运动、高温瑜伽、普拉提等，以及使用物理仪器尖端设备，来达到身材曲线更标准、更完美，并且皮肤更具弹性和光泽。科学地进行纤体不仅能达到减肥的目的，还能重塑人体曲线，使身体更健康、线条更优美。" + "纤体和减肥确实有所不同。减肥主要是减少身体内多余的脂肪，而纤体更加针对性，通常是针对局部肥胖进行。纤体的效果一般不会体现为体重下降，而是通过围度尺寸的缩小表现出来。纤体的最终目的是通过一系列纤体项目，如有氧运动、高温瑜伽、普拉提等，以及使用物理仪器尖端设备，来达到身材曲线更标准、更完美，并且皮肤更具弹性和光泽。科学地进行纤体不仅能达到减肥的目的，还能重塑人体曲线，使身体更健康、线条更优美。" ], [ "那针对我的问题，局部肥胖的小肚子，我应该采取什么样的纤体方法呢？", @@ -336781,7 +336781,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赫梯帝国\n小亚细亚地区的奴隶制国家。前19世纪时期出现赫梯国家，公元前17世纪拉巴尔纳斯始建赫梯王国。约公元前14世纪达到鼎盛。首都先在库萨尔，后迁至哈图沙（哈图沙遗址位于土耳其中部乔鲁姆省的博兹柯伊村\n）。公元前13世纪赫梯帝国进入鼎盛时期。公元前13世纪末，腓尼基人席卷东部地中海地区，赫梯被肢解。公元前8世纪，残存的赫梯帝国被亚述帝国灭亡。虽然最终灭亡，但赫梯帝国对古代世界文明的发展产生了深远的影响。他们最先发明和使用铁器，大大推动了人类生产力的进步。如今风行于欧洲各国徽章和旗帜的双头鹰标志，据说最早溯源于古代赫梯帝国\n。\n中文名\n赫梯帝国\n外文名\nHittie Empire\n都 城\n库萨尔、哈图沙\n语 种\n赫梯语、涅西特语\n位 置\n小亚细亚地区\n所属大洲\n亚洲\n现在国家\n土耳其\n \n同义词\n赫梯一般指赫梯帝国\n \n赫梯帝国简介\n\n你好。请问赫梯帝国出现在哪个时期？", - "你好，Human。赫梯帝国出现在前19世纪时期。这是一个位于小亚细亚地区的奴隶制国家。起初，赫梯国家在公元前17世纪刚刚建立时，由拉巴尔纳斯建立赫梯王国。这个时期可以被认为是赫梯帝国的初始阶段。" + "赫梯帝国出现在前19世纪时期。这是一个位于小亚细亚地区的奴隶制国家。起初，赫梯国家在公元前17世纪刚刚建立时，由拉巴尔纳斯建立赫梯王国。这个时期可以被认为是赫梯帝国的初始阶段。" ], [ "赫梯帝国的鼎盛时期是什么时候？", @@ -337490,7 +337490,7 @@ "history": [ [ "佟年墨宝非宝小说《蜜汁炖鱿鱼》中女主角\n佟年，墨宝非宝所著言情小说《蜜汁炖鱿鱼》\n中女主角。1996年3月20日生于上海。\n中文名\n佟年\n别 名\n密室の游鱼、鱿小鱼\n性 别\n女\n登场作品\n蜜汁炖鱿鱼(小说)\n登场作品\n亲爱的，热爱的(电视剧)\n国 籍\n中国\n职 业\n日翻歌姬\n星 座\n双鱼座\n丈 夫\n韩商言（Gun）\n \n \n佟年角色简介 \n佟年，智商奇高，情商奇低的翻唱大神（喜欢动漫的酱油coser）\n，网上人气极高、微博拥有十几万粉丝，B站浏览量的突破百万的动漫歌手、日翻歌姬——密室の游鱼。\n她第一次正式介绍自己是歌姬，他……没听懂。她又说自己网名是密室の游鱼，他还没听懂，她继续解释，这个名字取自《HunterXHunter》里旅团团长的招数。\n佟年作者简介 \n墨宝非宝\n：年龄不详。北京人，在上海。以大开大合的古装剧本为爱好，落到小说，只想写腻腻歪歪，甜甜蜜蜜，毫无波澜的小言情。生于北京，长居上海。喜静厌动，喜睡厌醒，有些小懒。喜欢读书，为了战胜自己不断起伏的情绪，尤其喜欢佛经。只执着自己喜欢的事，学任何有趣的事，让自己可以和自己玩；只写自己感兴趣的故事，顺便悄悄在故事里，埋下一些普世价值观：爱国一点儿，正面一点儿，让读到的人可以觉得生活中 \"幸\" 永远大于 \"不幸\"。\n\n请问你能告诉我《蜜汁炖鱿鱼》这本小说的女主角是谁吗？", - "你好Human，很高兴为你解答。《蜜汁炖鱿鱼》这本小说的女主角是佟年。她是一位智商很高、情商较低的翻唱大神，喜欢动漫和cosplay。在网络上她人气极高，微博拥有十几万粉丝，B站浏览量突破百万的动漫歌手，被称为日翻歌姬——密室の游鱼。希望这个信息能够解答你的疑问。" + "很高兴为你解答。《蜜汁炖鱿鱼》这本小说的女主角是佟年。她是一位智商很高、情商较低的翻唱大神，喜欢动漫和cosplay。在网络上她人气极高，微博拥有十几万粉丝，B站浏览量突破百万的动漫歌手，被称为日翻歌姬——密室の游鱼。希望这个信息能够解答你的疑问。" ], [ "《蜜汁炖鱿鱼》的作者是谁？她的一些个人背景能告诉我吗？", @@ -337976,7 +337976,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中国节气\n国产原创漫画《中国节气》是一部连载于k76漫画盒子网的四格漫画，主要以十二节气为素材的故事。\n \n中国节气漫画信息 \n题材：怪咖/爆笑类型：怪咖厅状态：连载中\n顺序：从左到右\n中国节气漫画简介 \n这是根据中国的二十四节气来源的灵感。分别画的：大寒、雨水、春分、小暑、秋分、惊蛰、白露、谷雨\n中国节气漫画目录 \n1.中国节气\n中国节气连载网站 \n漫画盒子是国内领先的原创漫画网站，由武汉市漫画盒子科技有限公司倾情推广的漫画、动画、绘本、四格漫画、插画等。通过漫画盒子网站的上线、发掘精品动漫作品，图书出版、参加各类大型动漫展览展示等推广形式，吸纳国内众多知名漫画作家入驻。目前，漫画盒子全媒体出版平台已经积累了上千部自有版权漫画著作，让客户每天都能够阅读到最精彩的原创漫画作品，全力打造数字网络新媒体。\n\n你好，请问《中国节气》漫画是什么题材的？", - "你好，Human！《中国节气》是一部以十二节气为素材的故事，主题是怪咖和爆笑，它属于怪咖厅类型的漫画。这部漫画的内容灵感来源于中国的二十四节气，以幽默搞笑的方式呈现。" + "《中国节气》是一部以十二节气为素材的故事，主题是怪咖和爆笑，它属于怪咖厅类型的漫画。这部漫画的内容灵感来源于中国的二十四节气，以幽默搞笑的方式呈现。" ], [ "请问《中国节气》漫画的连载状态是怎样的？", @@ -338056,7 +338056,7 @@ "history": [ [ "儿童医院\n《儿童医院》（Childrens Hospital）是一部由罗伯·施拉伯、罗伯·考德瑞、大卫·韦恩等导演联袂执导，罗伯·考德瑞、 蕾克·贝尔、罗伯·考德瑞、埃瑞恩·海耶斯等主演的系列喜剧片。该剧于2008年12月08日起在美国首播，讲述了一群儿童医生的感情纠葛和私人生活故事。\n中文名\n儿童医院\n外文名\nChildrens Hospital\n别 名\n圈叉医院，OX医院\n类 型\n喜剧\n出品公司\nAbominable Pictures\n制片地区\n美国\n拍摄地点\n美国加州洛杉矶北好莱坞河滨路北好莱坞医学中心\n发行公司\nAdult Swim\n首播时间\n2008年12月08日（美国）\n导 演\n罗伯·施拉伯，罗伯·考德瑞，大卫·韦恩，肯·马里诺，蕾克·贝尔，布莱恩·戈登，马特·沙克曼\n编 剧\n罗伯·考德瑞，Jonathan Stern，大卫·韦恩，Erica Oyama，肯·马里诺，Rob Huebel，布莱恩·赫斯基\n制片人\n罗伯·考德瑞，Jonathan Stern，大卫·韦恩，肯·马里诺\n主 演\n罗伯·考德瑞、蕾克·贝尔、埃瑞恩·海耶斯\n集 数\n88集（第1-7季）\n每集长度\n10 分钟\n主要奖项\n2013年第65届艾美奖最佳特别教程-短篇动作娱乐节目（获奖）\n \n儿童医院剧情简介 \n本剧讲述了一群儿童医生的感情纠葛和私人生活故事。原为热播网络剧集。这部恶搞剧经常拿ER 和 Grey's Anatomy开涮，主要讲述了一群为所畏惧，以自我为中心的的儿童医院的医生的故事，每集虽然很短，但是绝对的搞笑。 \n儿童医院海报(12张)\n \n儿童医院剧照(26张)\n \n儿童医院职员表\n制作人\n罗伯·考德瑞、Jonathan Stern、大卫·韦恩、Franny Baldwin Benullo、Rich Rosenthal、Keith Crofford、Nick Weidenfeld、肯·马里诺、杰森·曼祖卡斯、Aaron Fink、Becca Kinskey\n导演\n罗伯·施拉伯、罗伯·考德瑞、大卫·韦恩、Michael Patrick Jann、斯蒂夫·平克、特斯塔姆·莎佩罗、肯·马里诺、蕾克·贝尔、布莱恩·戈登、John Inwood、马特·沙克曼、Dylan Kidd、Michael Blieden\n副导演（助理）\n\n你好，请问《儿童医院》是一部什么类型的电视剧？", - "你好，Human。《儿童医院》是一部喜剧类型的电视剧。这部剧主要讲述了一群儿童医生的感情纠葛和私人生活故事，恶搞剧风，经常拿ER和Grey's Anatomy开涮。" + "《儿童医院》是一部喜剧类型的电视剧。这部剧主要讲述了一群儿童医生的感情纠葛和私人生活故事，恶搞剧风，经常拿ER和Grey's Anatomy开涮。" ], [ "这部剧的主要演员有哪些人呢？", @@ -338568,7 +338568,7 @@ "history": [ [ "揭阳第一中学揭阳市重点中学\n揭阳第一中学（Jieyang No.1 High School），简称揭阳一中，老校区位于广东省揭阳市区北环城路中段，新校区位于揭阳市区淡浦南路。1993年被定为揭阳市重点中学，2002年被评为广东省一级学校，2009年，学校先后被广东省教育厅评为“广东省教学水平评估优秀学校”、“广东省国家级示范性普通高中”和“广东省安全文明校园”，被广东省总工会评为“广东省模范职工之家”，2010年荣获揭阳市先进集体称号。\n前身“榕江书院”，创立于清乾隆8年10月22日（公元1743年12月7日），已有两百多年的办学历史。清朝末年，废科举、兴学堂。榕江书院于光绪三十年（公元1904年）改为“榕江高等小学堂”。1925年改为三年制初级中学，换名为“揭阳县立中学”，1992年5月，揭阳撤县建市，一中成为市直属中学，改称“揭阳市第一中学”。根据2016年5月学校官网显示，揭阳市第一中学有高中教学班66个，学生3902人。教职员工258人，其中女教职工138人。研究生(含在读)15人、双学位5人、高级教师68人。\n学校占地面积111222平方米\n。\n中文名\n揭阳市第一中学\n外文名\nJieyang No.1 High School\n简 称\n揭阳一中\n创办时间\n1743年12月7日\n办学性质\n公立高中\n主管部门\n揭阳市教育局\n现任领导\n温俊义(校长)\n校 训\n团结、勤奋、求实、创新\n校 歌\n《揭阳第一中学校歌》\n校庆日\n12月7日\n地 址\n广东省揭阳市东山区淡浦南路\n主要奖项\n广东省一级公办中学（2002年）\n广东省教学水平评估优秀学校（2009年）\n广东省安全文明校园（2009年）\n广东省模范职工之家（2009年）\n揭阳市先进集体（2010年）\n知名校友\n杨世瑞、黄少泽、陈小明、陈文希、许涤新、黄来勇\n知名教师\n王衡光\n所属地区\n中国·广东·揭阳\n属 性\n揭阳市重点中学（1993年5月）\n广东省国家级示范性普通高中（2008年12月）\n \n揭阳第一中学历史沿革 \n揭阳第一中学创办初期\n\n请问揭阳第一中学的历史背景是什么？", - "你好，Human！根据所提供的信息，揭阳第一中学的前身是“榕江书院”，成立于清乾隆8年10月22日（公元1743年12月7日），已有两百多年的办学历史。在清朝末年，随着科举制度的废除，学堂制度崛起，榕江书院于光绪三十年（公元1904年）改为“榕江高等小学堂”。1925年，学校转为三年制初级中学，并更名为“揭阳县立中学”。1992年5月，揭阳撤县建市，一中成为市直属中学，改称“揭阳市第一中学”。" + "根据所提供的信息，揭阳第一中学的前身是“榕江书院”，成立于清乾隆8年10月22日（公元1743年12月7日），已有两百多年的办学历史。在清朝末年，随着科举制度的废除，学堂制度崛起，榕江书院于光绪三十年（公元1904年）改为“榕江高等小学堂”。1925年，学校转为三年制初级中学，并更名为“揭阳县立中学”。1992年5月，揭阳撤县建市，一中成为市直属中学，改称“揭阳市第一中学”。" ], [ "学校现在有多少教职工和学生？", @@ -339236,7 +339236,7 @@ "history": [ [ "开放教育\n开放教育，广义上说是人人享有终身接受教育的权利，不仅意味着对教育对象的开放，更重要的是教育观念，教育资源和教育过程的开放；狭义上讲，开放教育是电大实行的现代远程教育。\n中文名\n开放教育\n外文名\nopen education\n教育类型\n学历教育、非学历教育\n学 校\n国家开放大学等\n \n开放教育办学体系 \n国家开放大学在教育部领导下统筹全国开放教育体系建设，指导和服务全国开放教育办学业务，着力建设终身学习公共服务平台，面向全民提供终身教育及服务，促进“人人皆学、处处能学、时时可学”。教育部按高等学校管理和指导国家开放大学的教育教学工作。\n开放教育教育特点 \n国家承认学历，学信网电子注册，享受同等国民教育待遇，可用于求职加薪、职务晋升、职称评定、考研留学等。证书可在教育部学历证书查询网站查询。开放教育实行的是“免试入学”的入学方式，前置学历认证通过，即可入学，无需参加成人高考。全年招生，春秋两季入学。采用线上线下融合的学习形式，处处能学、时时可学，有效解决学员工学矛盾，轻松实现工作学习两不误。\n开放教育办学范围 \n开放教育包括学历教育和非学历教育，主要采用非全日制教育形式，实行注册入学、完全学分制。在教育部指导下自主开展专科、本科学历继续教育，基于开放教育和技能社会特点，紧贴市场、紧贴产业、紧贴职业自主设置应用型、技能型学科专业。主动服务国家战略，以职业需求为导向、以实践能力培养为重点、以产学研用结合为途径积极探索研究生教育，依法申请硕士学位授予权。不断满足社会需求，大力开展非学历教育，加大短期灵活教育，加强与社区教育、老年教育的对接、融合，拓展社区教育、扩大社会培训、办好老年教育，使社区教育成为国民学习新渠道、社会培训成为开放教育新品牌、老年教育成为教育领域新亮点。依法依规探索国际化办学，加强与“一带一路”沿线国家（地区）间的教育交流与合作。\n开放教育学习方式 \n开放教育采用面授辅导与网上教学、集体指导与个别指导、个性化自主学习与小组协作学习相结合的方式开展教学，以适应学员学习的需要。\n\n能给我详细介绍一下开放教育吗？", - "你好，Human！开放教育广义上是指人人享有终身接受教育的权利，它不仅包括教育对象的开放，还包括教育观念、教育资源和教育过程的开放。狭义上，开放教育是指实行现代远程教育的电大。国家开放大学在教育部领导下进行全国开放教育体系建设，提供学历教育和非学历教育，采用非全日制教育形式和学分制。开放教育采用面授辅导、网上教学、集体指导、个别指导、个性化自主学习和小组协作学习相结合的方式开展教学。具体包括专科、本科及研究生学历继续教育，以及短期灵活教育、社区教育、老年教育等非学历教育。" + "开放教育广义上是指人人享有终身接受教育的权利，它不仅包括教育对象的开放，还包括教育观念、教育资源和教育过程的开放。狭义上，开放教育是指实行现代远程教育的电大。国家开放大学在教育部领导下进行全国开放教育体系建设，提供学历教育和非学历教育，采用非全日制教育形式和学分制。开放教育采用面授辅导、网上教学、集体指导、个别指导、个性化自主学习和小组协作学习相结合的方式开展教学。具体包括专科、本科及研究生学历继续教育，以及短期灵活教育、社区教育、老年教育等非学历教育。" ], [ "开放教育的学历证书在就业和升学方面有什么作用？", @@ -339339,7 +339339,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西南政法大学\n中文名\n西南政法大学\n外文名\nSouthwest University of Political Science & Law\n简 称\n西政（SWUPL）\n创办时间\n1950年\n办学性质\n公办高校\n学校类别\n政法类\n学校特色\n省部共建高校\n全国重点大学\n卓越法律人才教育培养计划\n全国卓越政法大学“立格联盟”\n自主招生\n主管部门\n重庆市\n现任领导\n党委书记：樊伟、校长：付子堂\n本科专业\n28个\n硕士点\n9个一级学科硕士学位授权点\n45个二级学科硕士学位授权点\n10个硕士专业学位授权点\n博士点\n3个一级学科博士学位授权点\n19个二级学科博士学位授权点\n博士后\n1个博士后科研流动站\n国家重点学科\n2个\n院系设置\n民商法学院（知识产权学院）、经济法学院、法学院、行政法学院、国际法学院、刑事侦查学院、马克思主义学院、政治与公共管理学院、全球新闻与传播学院、管理学院、外语学院、经济学院、人工智能法学院法学院等\n校 训\n博学笃行　厚德重法\n校 歌\n《西政之歌》\n地 址\n渝北校区：重庆市渝北区宝圣街道宝圣大道301号\n沙坪坝校区：重庆市沙坪坝区壮志路2号\n院校代码\n10652\n主要奖项\n中国法学师资培养基地\n全国五四红旗团委\n国家级教学成果奖4项\n高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖（人文社会科学）\n重庆市社会科学优秀成果奖、重庆市发展研究奖\n知名校友\n贺卫方、李昌麒、王卫国、周强 、陈文清、朱新华\n知名教师\n田平安、赵中颉、孙鹏\n \n基本信息\n西南政法大学历史沿革\n\n你好，请问西南政法大学的英文名是什么？", - "你好，Human。西南政法大学的英文名是 Southwest University of Political Science & Law。这是一个位于中国的政法类高校，在国际上用英文名称传递这所学校的学术属性和地理位置。" + "西南政法大学的英文名是 Southwest University of Political Science & Law。这是一个位于中国的政法类高校，在国际上用英文名称传递这所学校的学术属性和地理位置。" ], [ "了解了，谢谢。这所学校创办于哪一年？", @@ -339671,7 +339671,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴西咖啡\n巴西咖啡泛指产于巴西的咖啡。巴西咖啡种类繁多，绝大多数巴西咖啡未经清洗而且是晒干的，它们根据产地州名和运输港进行分类。巴西有21个州，17个州出产咖啡，但其中有4个州的产量最大，加起来占全国总产量的98%。巴西咖啡的口感中带有较低的酸味，配合咖啡的甘苦味，入口极为滑顺，而且又带有淡淡的青草芳香，在清香略带苦味，甘滑顺口，余味能令人舒活畅快。\n中文名\n巴西咖啡\n外文名\n“Brazils”\n产地2\n巴西\n数 量\n17个州\n味 道\n淡淡的青草芳香\n树 株\n39亿7千万\n \n巴西咖啡产品简介 \n巴西咖啡，泛指产于巴西的咖啡。巴西咖啡种类繁多，正如其他阿拉伯咖啡一样，巴西咖啡被称为“Brazils”以区别于“Milds”咖啡。绝大多数巴西咖啡未经清洗而且是晒干的，它们根据产地州名和运输港进行分类。巴西有 21个州，17个州出产咖啡，但其中有4个州的产量最大，加起来占全国总产量的98%，它们是：巴拉那（Parana）州、圣保罗（Sao Paulo）州、米拉斯吉拉斯（Minas Gerais）州和圣埃斯皮里图（Espirito Santo）州，南部巴拉那州的产量最为惊人，占总产量的50%。\n巴西咖啡主要品种\n\n请问巴西咖啡的特点是什么？", - "你好，Human！巴西咖啡的特点主要体现在口感和生产方式上。口感上，巴西咖啡具有较低的酸味，与咖啡的甘苦味相结合，使得巴西咖啡入口极为滑顺。此外，巴西咖啡还带有淡淡的青草芳香。生产方式上，绝大多数巴西咖啡未经清洗而且是晒干的。这些特点共同塑造了巴西咖啡独特的风格，吸引了不少咖啡爱好者。" + "巴西咖啡的特点主要体现在口感和生产方式上。口感上，巴西咖啡具有较低的酸味，与咖啡的甘苦味相结合，使得巴西咖啡入口极为滑顺。此外，巴西咖啡还带有淡淡的青草芳香。生产方式上，绝大多数巴西咖啡未经清洗而且是晒干的。这些特点共同塑造了巴西咖啡独特的风格，吸引了不少咖啡爱好者。" ], [ "那么，巴西有多少个州出产咖啡呢？", @@ -339849,7 +339849,7 @@ "history": [ [ "百忧孟郊诗作\n《百忧》是唐代诗人孟郊创作的一首五言诗。\n作品名称\n百忧\n作 者\n孟郊\n创作年代\n唐\n作品体裁\n五言诗\n \n百忧作品原文 \n《百忧》萱草女儿花，不解壮士忧。壮士心是剑，为君射斗牛。朝思除国雠，暮思除国雠。计尽山河画，意穷草木筹。智士日千虑，愚夫唯四愁。何必在波涛，然后惊沉浮。伯伦心不醉，四皓迹难留。出处各有时，众议徒啾啾。\n百忧作者简介 \n孟郊（751—814），唐代诗人。字东野。湖州武康（今浙江德清）人。少年时隐居嵩山。近五十岁才中进士，任溧阳县尉。与韩愈交谊颇深。其诗感伤自己的遭遇，多寒苦之音。用字造句力避平庸浅率，追求瘦硬。与贾岛齐名，有“郊寒岛瘦”之称。有《孟东野诗集》。\n\n你好，请问《百忧》这首诗的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human！《百忧》这首诗的作者是唐代诗人孟郊，字东野，他出生于751年，去世于814年。他是湖州武康（今浙江德清）人，与贾岛齐名，有“郊寒岛瘦”的美誉。" + "《百忧》这首诗的作者是唐代诗人孟郊，字东野，他出生于751年，去世于814年。他是湖州武康（今浙江德清）人，与贾岛齐名，有“郊寒岛瘦”的美誉。" ], [ "能否简述一下孟郊的一生？", @@ -340251,7 +340251,7 @@ "history": [ [ "苯酚\n苯酚（Phenol）\n是一种有机化合物，化学式为C6H5OH，是具有特殊气味的无色针状晶体，\n有毒，是生产某些树脂、杀菌剂、防腐剂以及药物（如阿司匹林）的重要原料。也可用于消毒外科器械和排泄物的处理，\n皮肤杀菌、止痒及中耳炎。熔点43℃，常温下微溶于水，易溶于有机溶剂；当温度高于65℃时，能跟水以任意比例互溶。苯酚有腐蚀性，接触后会使局部蛋白质变性，其溶液沾到皮肤上可用酒精洗涤。小部分苯酚暴露在空气中被氧气氧化为醌而呈粉红色。遇三价铁离子变紫，通常用此方法来检验苯酚。2017年10月27日，世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构公布的致癌物清单初步整理参考，苯酚在3类致癌物清单中。\n中文名\n苯酚\n外文名\nPhenol\n别 名\n石炭酸、酚、羟基苯\n化学式\nC6H5OH\n分子量\n94.111\nCAS登录号\n108-95-2\nEINECS登录号\n203-632-7\n熔 点\n43 ℃\n沸 点\n181.9 ℃\n密 度\n1.071 g/cm³\n外 观\n无色或白色结晶性粉末\n闪 点\n72.5 ℃\n应 用\n化工合成、油田工业、电镀、溶剂，医学\n安全性描述\nS24/25；S26；S28；S36/37/39；S45\n危险性符号\nF（易燃）,T（有毒）,C（腐蚀性）\n危险性描述\nR23/24/25；R34；R48/20/21/22；R68\nUN危险货物编号\n2821\n溶解性\n微溶于冷水，可混溶于乙醇、醚、氯仿、甘油\n化学性质\n弱酸性，高毒类，突变原，还原性\n稳定性\n稳定\n禁配物\n强氧化剂、强酸、强碱\n储存方法\n阴凉通风，低温避光，注意泄漏物\nPSA\n20.23000\nLogP\n1.39220\n折射率\n1.5425\n海关编码\n2907111000\n \n苯酚发现历史 \n苯酚是德国化学家龙格（Runge F）于1834年在煤焦油中发现的，故又称石炭酸（Carbolic acid）。使苯酚首次声名远扬的应归功于英国著名的医生里斯特。里斯特发现病人手术后死因多数是伤口化脓感染。偶然之下用苯酚稀溶液来喷洒手术的器械以及医生的双手，结果病人的感染情况显著减少。这一发现使苯酚成为一种强有力的外科消毒剂。里斯特也因此被誉为“外科消毒之父”。\n苯酚分子结构\n\n你好，请问苯酚的化学式是什么？", - "你好，Human！苯酚的化学式为C6H5OH。它是一种有毒的有机化合物，具有特殊的气味，无色针状晶体的形态。" + "苯酚的化学式为C6H5OH。它是一种有毒的有机化合物，具有特殊的气味，无色针状晶体的形态。" ], [ "苯酚的主要用途是什么？", @@ -340534,7 +340534,7 @@ "history": [ [ "形式\n形式，汉语词汇，拼音是 xíng shì，释义是事物的外形；也有指办事的方法；形式犹言表象。\n中文名\n形式\n外文名\nform\n拼 音\nxíng shì\n定 义\n事物的外形\n英 文\nform;shape\n注 音\nㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄕㄧˋ\n \n形式释义 \n1.外形。2.相对外形而言，指事物内容的组织结构和表现方式。3.犹言表象。\n形式引证解释 \n《南史·颜延之传》：“及 建武 即位，又铸 孝建 四铢，所铸钱形式薄小，轮廓不成。”朱自清《中国歌谣·歌谣的修辞》：“大约拟人是先有的形式，拟物则系转变，已是艺术的关系多了。”毛泽东《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》八：“艺术上不同的形式和风格可以自由发展。”章炳麟《驳康有为论革命书》：“夫所谓奴隶者，岂徒以形式言邪？”周恩来《一年来的谈判及前途》：“抗战八年中， 蒋对共产党无论在形式上本质上，都不是放在平等的地位。”\n形式相关名言 \n如果形式不是内容的形式，那么它就没有任何价值了。——马克思数学表达上准确简洁、逻辑上抽象普适、形式上灵活多变，是宇宙交际的理想工具。——周海中勇气就是一种坚韧；正因为它是一种坚韧，才使我们具有任何形式的自我否定和自我战胜的能力。——叔本华咟喥咟萪\n\n请你简单帮我介绍一下什么是形式。", - "你好，Human！很高兴为您解答关于形式的问题。根据您提供的信息，形式（拼音：xíng shì）有以下几层含义：\n1. 事物的外形：指物体的形状和外观特征。\n2. 办事的方法：指事物的组织结构和表现方式。\n3. 表象：是相对内在内容而来的外在表现。\n\n了解形式的概念，有助于我们更好地理解事物的外在特点和内在联系。" + "很高兴为您解答关于形式的问题。根据您提供的信息，形式（拼音：xíng shì）有以下几层含义：\n1. 事物的外形：指物体的形状和外观特征。\n2. 办事的方法：指事物的组织结构和表现方式。\n3. 表象：是相对内在内容而来的外在表现。\n\n了解形式的概念，有助于我们更好地理解事物的外在特点和内在联系。" ], [ "能举个例子说明形式与内容的关系吗？", @@ -340706,7 +340706,7 @@ "history": [ [ "消费者行为学\n《消费者行为学》是2021年人民邮电出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n消费者行为学\n作 者\n编者:白玉苓|责编:万国清\n类 别\n图书>教材>研究生/本科/专科教材>经济管理类\n出版社\n人民邮电出版社\n出版时间\n2021年\n开 本\n128 开\n装 帧\n平装-胶订\nISBN\n9787115563279\n \n消费者行为学内容简介 \n本书采用“理论 案例 实践”的思路进行编写，全面、系统地研究了消费者行为的现象及其规律，包括消费者感觉、知觉、气质、性格、自我概念、生活方式等心理因素对消费者行为的影响；收入、文化、亚文化、习俗、流行、社会阶层、角色、家庭等环境因素与消费者行为之间的关系；产品、品牌、包装、价格、销售场所及促销等营销因素对消费者行为的重要影响；网络消费、绿色消费等消费者行为发展的新趋势。全书共六篇，共十五章。每章前设置“学习目标”“导入案例”，章后设置“本章小结”“综合练习题”，正文内穿插“课堂讨论”“小思考”“知识点滴”“人物谱”等小模块，并且以大量的二维码展示“视野拓展”“微视频”栏目，使得本书具有极强的可读性、趣味性、互动性、实用性。\n消费者行为学图书目录\n\n我想了解这本叫《消费者行为学》书籍的详情，可以告诉我这本书的概况吗？", - "你好，Human！《消费者行为学》是一本于2021年由人民邮电出版社出版的图书。我们可以从以下方面了解这本书的概况：\n1. 作者：编者为白玉苓，责编为万国清。\n2. 类别：这本书属于教材范畴，适用于研究生、本科生和专科生的经济管理类课程。\n3. 开本：128开。\n4. 装订：平装-胶订。\n5. ISBN：9787115563279。\n\n这本书采用“理论 案例 实践”的思路编写，全面、系统地研究了消费者行为的现象及其规律。书中包括消费者心理因素和环境因素对消费者行为的影响，以及营销因素对消费者行为的重要影响，还探讨了消费者行为发展的新趋势。书中共六篇，共十五章，每章前设有“学习目标”“导入案例”，章后设有“本章小结”“综合练习题”，正文内穿插了许多小模块，增强了本书的可读性、趣味性、互动性、实用性。希望这些信息能帮助你了解这本书。" + "《消费者行为学》是一本于2021年由人民邮电出版社出版的图书。我们可以从以下方面了解这本书的概况：\n1. 作者：编者为白玉苓，责编为万国清。\n2. 类别：这本书属于教材范畴，适用于研究生、本科生和专科生的经济管理类课程。\n3. 开本：128开。\n4. 装订：平装-胶订。\n5. ISBN：9787115563279。\n\n这本书采用“理论 案例 实践”的思路编写，全面、系统地研究了消费者行为的现象及其规律。书中包括消费者心理因素和环境因素对消费者行为的影响，以及营销因素对消费者行为的重要影响，还探讨了消费者行为发展的新趋势。书中共六篇，共十五章，每章前设有“学习目标”“导入案例”，章后设有“本章小结”“综合练习题”，正文内穿插了许多小模块，增强了本书的可读性、趣味性、互动性、实用性。希望这些信息能帮助你了解这本书。" ], [ "这本书涉及到哪些消费者行为的心理因素？", @@ -340965,7 +340965,7 @@ "history": [ [ "NVIDIA人工智能企业\nNVIDIA（纳斯达克股票代码：NVDA）是一家人工智能计算公司\n。公司创立于1993年，总部位于美国加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉市。美籍华人Jensen Huang（黄仁勋）是创始人兼CEO。\n1999年，NVIDIA定义了GPU，这极大地推动了PC游戏市场的发展，重新定义了现代计算机图形技术，并彻底改变了并行计算。\n2017年6月，入选《麻省理工科技评论》“2017 年度全球50大最聪明公司”榜单。\n2020年7月8日美股收盘后，英伟达首次在市值上实现对英特尔的超越，成为美国市值最高的芯片厂商，这也是2014年后再次有新面孔站上美国芯片企业市值第一的位置\n。在GTC 2020主题演讲中，NVIDIA宣布推出Ampere架构，这是NVIDIA发布的第八代GPU架构，包含超过540亿个晶体管，性能相较于前代提升了高达20倍，也是NVIDIA 8代GPU历史上最大的一次性能飞跃。\nNVIDIA A100是首款基于NVIDIA Ampere架构的GPU。作为一款通用型工作负载加速器，A100还被设计用于数据分析、科学计算和云图形。\n2020年5月21日，NVIDIA发布了截至2020年4月26日的2021年第一季度财务报告。第一季度收入达30.8亿美元，较同期的22.2亿美元增长39%。数据中心收入创下11.4亿美元的纪录，较同期增长80%。GAAP毛利润率创下65.1%的纪录。\n2022年，NVIDIA荣获美国最佳工作场所奖。\n2022年3月7日，NVIDIA宣布存储方案提供商 Excelero加入NVIDIA。\n公司名称\n英伟达\n外文名\nNVIDIA Corporation\n所属行业\n信息技术\n成立时间\n1993年\n总部地点\n美国加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉市\n经营范围\n显示芯片和主板芯片组制造\n公司类型\n美股上市\n公司口号\nThe way it's meant to be played\n年营业额\n109.2 亿美元(2019年)\n员工数\n13775 人\n创始人\n黄仁勋（美籍华人）\nCEO\n黄仁勋\n \n同义词\n英伟达（英伟达）一般指NVIDIA\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \nNVIDIA经营内容\n\n请问NVIDIA是一家什么类型的公司？", - "你好，Human。NVIDIA（纳斯达克股票代码：NVDA）是一家人工智能计算公司。他们成立于1993年，总部位于美国加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉市。该公司的主要经营范围是制造显示芯片和主板芯片组。NVIDIA在1999年定义了GPU，并在GTC 2020中宣布推出了第八代的GPU架构Ampere。" + "NVIDIA（纳斯达克股票代码：NVDA）是一家人工智能计算公司。他们成立于1993年，总部位于美国加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉市。该公司的主要经营范围是制造显示芯片和主板芯片组。NVIDIA在1999年定义了GPU，并在GTC 2020中宣布推出了第八代的GPU架构Ampere。" ], [ "那从GPU的历史中是否有特别值得关注的产品？", @@ -341038,7 +341038,7 @@ "history": [ [ "气体\n气体是四种基本物质状态之一（其他三种分别为固体、液体、等离子体）。气体可以由单个原子（如稀有气体）、一种元素组成的单质分子（如氧气）、多种元素组成化合物分子（如二氧化碳）等组成。气体混合物可以包括多种气体物质，比如空气。气体与液体和固体的显著区别就是气体粒子之间间隔很大。这种间隔使得人眼很难察觉到无色气体。气体与液体一样是流体：它可以流动，可变形。与液体不同的是气体可以被压缩。假如没有限制（容器或力场）的话，气体可以扩散，其体积不受限制，没有固定。气态物质的原子或分子相互之间可以自由运动。气体的特性介于液体和等离子体之间，气体的温度不会超过等离子体，气体的温度下限为简并态夸克气体[1]，现在也越来越受到重视[2]。高密度的原子气体冷却到非常低的低温，可以依其统计特性分为玻色气体和费米气体，其他相态可以参照相态列表。\n中文名\n气体\n外文名\ngases\n领 域\n工程\n \n气体元素气体 \n在标准状况下为气体分子的化学元素有氢（H2）、氮（N2）、氧（O2）和两种卤素，分别是氟（F2）和氯（Cl2）。另外还有单原子的稀有气体：氦（He）、氖（Ne）、氩（Ar）、氪（Kr）、氙（Xe）和氡（Rn）。\n气体物理性质 \n因为大多数气体很难直接观察，他们常被通过其四个物理属性或宏观性质来描述：压强、体积、粒子数目（化学家用摩尔来表示）和温度。这四个属性被许多科学家（如罗伯特·波义耳、雅克·查理、约翰·道尔顿、约瑟夫·路易·盖-吕萨克、阿莫迪欧·阿伏伽德罗等）通过不同的气体和不同的装置来反复观察过。他们的仔细研究最终形成了描述这些属性的数学关系的理想气体定律。\n气体宏观属性 \n当观察气体时，一般会指明参考物或长度尺度。较大的长度尺度对应着气体的宏观属性或是总体看法。其范围（可指体积）至少要能容纳大量的气体粒子。对如此采样尺寸的气体的统计分析会得到样品内所有气体粒子的平均属性（例如速度，温度，压强等）。相反，一个较小的参考长度尺度对应着气体的微观属性或是粒子层面的看法。\n气体压强\n\n你好，请问气体的基本特性有哪些？", - "你好，Human！气体是物质的四种基本状态之一，其基本特性有以下几点：1.气体之间的粒子间隔大，这使人们很难察觉到无色气体；2.气体是一种流体，它可以流动变形；3.气体可以被压缩；4.若无限制（如容器或力场），气体可以扩散，没有固定的体积。气体的原子或分子之间可以自由运动。这些特性使得气体与其他物质状态如固体、液体和等离子体有很大区别。" + "气体是物质的四种基本状态之一，其基本特性有以下几点：1.气体之间的粒子间隔大，这使人们很难察觉到无色气体；2.气体是一种流体，它可以流动变形；3.气体可以被压缩；4.若无限制（如容器或力场），气体可以扩散，没有固定的体积。气体的原子或分子之间可以自由运动。这些特性使得气体与其他物质状态如固体、液体和等离子体有很大区别。" ], [ "那么，气体有哪些常见的元素？", @@ -341226,7 +341226,7 @@ "history": [ [ "豆捞坊\n豆捞坊是上海肥得捞餐饮管理有限公司旗下品牌。上海肥得捞餐饮管理有限公司是于 2004年在上海注册成立的一家餐饮管理公司。成立之初即集合了东方饺子王、乐购等餐饮、零售业大型优秀企业中的若干优秀骨干组成创业团队，主要管理者均拥有10年以上的餐饮经营、管理经验或者拥有海外留学背景。公司志在以坚实完善的公司架构，在现代优化的管理体系下，运用成熟高效的资本工具走真正的连锁经营的道路。\n中文名\n豆捞坊\n外文名\nDOLAR SHOP\n所属行业\n餐饮业\n创立时间\n2004年\n所属公司\n上海肥得捞餐饮管理有限公司\n理 念\n以时尚为荣、以新鲜为荣，以您的光临为荣\n \n豆捞坊简介 \n豆捞坊是上海肥得捞餐饮管理有限公司旗下品牌。上海肥得捞餐饮管理有限公司是于 2004年在上海注册成立的一家餐饮管理公司。成立之初即集合了东方饺子王、乐购等餐饮、零售业大型优秀企业中的若干优秀骨干组成创业团队，主要管理者均拥有10年以上的餐饮经营、管理经验或者拥有海外留学背景。公司志在以坚实完善的公司架构，在现代优化的管理体系下，运用成熟高效的资本工具走真正的连锁经营的道路。\n豆捞坊豆捞起源 \n“豆捞”源于澳门，由于澳门地处东海暖流区，海产品丰富，澳门人将当地盛产的富饶海产品变换着多种不同的方式加工后置于锅中涮煮以求口感变化，久而形成了豆捞火锅的这种独特吃法。“豆捞”一词取自“都捞”的谐音，以“捞”字的口彩寄语发财旺运。意思是不仅捞得锅中的丸、滑、海鲜，更能捞得到财气、运气 。专业的豆捞工坊【豆捞坊】（DOLAR SHOP）遴选鲜活海鲜和精品肉料，经手工上千次反复捶打，渐生粘性，且弹性十足，微锅涮煮后，口感脆、弹、爽、滑，回味不绝于口。\n豆捞坊经营理念 \n公司在创建之初即从经营连锁品牌的思路出发，放眼将来。从基础做起开始创立“豆捞坊－ DOLAR SHOP”这个旗舰品牌。豆捞坊-DOLAR SHOP在上海的首家标准示范店于2004年7月开始筹建，10月10日正式营业。在短短的两个月内，就因为业绩突出、经营模式、营销模式等各个环节新招频出，多有创新出奇，所以已经在上海餐饮业界迅速窜红。\n豆捞坊发展 \n \n豆捞坊店(2张)\n\n你好，请问豆捞坊是什么时候成立的，它属于哪家公司呢？", - "你好，Human！豆捞坊成立于2004年，它是上海肥得捞餐饮管理有限公司旗下的一个品牌。这个公司在上海注册成立，主要由来自东方饺子王、乐购等优秀企业的骨干组成，他们具备丰富的餐饮经营和管理经验以及海外留学背景。" + "豆捞坊成立于2004年，它是上海肥得捞餐饮管理有限公司旗下的一个品牌。这个公司在上海注册成立，主要由来自东方饺子王、乐购等优秀企业的骨干组成，他们具备丰富的餐饮经营和管理经验以及海外留学背景。" ], [ "能简单介绍一下豆捞坊的起源和经营理念吗？", @@ -341375,7 +341375,7 @@ "history": [ [ "韩国\n大韩民国（韩语：대한민국，英语：Republic of Korea），简称“韩国”，位于东亚朝鲜半岛南部，三面环海，西濒临黄海，东南是朝鲜海峡，东边是日本海，北面隔着三八线非军事区与朝鲜相邻。总面积约10.329万平方公里（占朝鲜半岛面积的45%），通用韩语，总人口约5200万。首都为首尔。\n1910年朝鲜半岛沦为日本的殖民地，1945年8月15日光复取得独立。1948年8月和9月，依三八线，朝鲜半岛南北先后成立大韩民国和朝鲜民主主义人民共和国。1950年爆发朝鲜战争，1953年7月27日依朝鲜停战协定，朝韩双方停战。20世纪60年代以来，韩国政府实行了“出口主导型”开发经济战略，创造了被称为“汉江奇迹”的经济高速增长期，并跻身“亚洲四小龙”之一。韩国是一个资本主义发达国家\n，是APEC、世界贸易组织和东亚峰会的创始成员国，也是经合组织、二十国集团和联合国等重要国际组织成员\n。1997年亚洲金融危机后，韩国经济进入中速增长期。产业以制造业和服务业为主，半导体、电子、汽车、造船、钢铁、化工、机械、纺织、化妆品等产业产量均进入世界前10名。韩国的资讯科技产业多年来一直执业界之牛耳，制造业与科技产业发达，除高速互联网服务闻名世界外，内存、液晶显示器及等离子显示屏等平面显示装置和移动电话都在世界市场中具领导地位。大企业集团在韩国经济中占有十分重要的地位，主要的大企业集团有三星、现代集团、SK集团、LG、浦项制铁、韩华集团等。\n中文名\n大韩民国\n外文名\n韩语：대한민국\n英语：Republic of Korea\n简 称\n韩国\n所属洲\n亚洲\n首 都\n首尔\n主要城市\n世宗、济州市、水原、釜山、大邱、仁川、光州、大田、蔚山等\n国庆日\n1948年8月15日\n国 歌\n《爱国歌》\n国家代码\nKOR\n官方语言\n韩语\n货 币\n韩币（KRW，₩）\n时 区\nUTC+9\n政治体制\n总统共和制\n国家领袖\n尹锡悦(总统)\n人口数量\n约 5200 万(根据中华人民共和国外交部官网2021年3月更新显示)\n人口密度\n527.3 人/平方公里(2020年)\n主要宗教\n基督新教\n、佛教、天主教\n国土面积\n约 103290 km²\n水域率\n0.3%\nGDP总计\n1.79 万亿美元(2021年)\n人均GDP\n35000 美元(2021年)\n国际电话区号\n82\n国际域名缩写\n.kr\n道路通行\n靠右行驶\n法律体系\n大陆法系和英美法系\n国 旗\n太极旗\n国 花\n\n我想了解一下大韩民国这个国家的基本信息，可以介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human。大韩民国，简称韩国，位于东亚朝鲜半岛南部。韩国的首都是首尔，总面积约为10.329万平方公里，占朝鲜半岛面积的45%。官方语言是韩语，人口约为5200万。韩国是一个资本主义发达国家，是APEC、世界贸易组织和东亚峰会的创始成员国，同时也是经合组织、二十国集团和联合国等重要国际组织的成员。" + "大韩民国，简称韩国，位于东亚朝鲜半岛南部。韩国的首都是首尔，总面积约为10.329万平方公里，占朝鲜半岛面积的45%。官方语言是韩语，人口约为5200万。韩国是一个资本主义发达国家，是APEC、世界贸易组织和东亚峰会的创始成员国，同时也是经合组织、二十国集团和联合国等重要国际组织的成员。" ], [ "请问韩国的经济情况如何？", @@ -342327,7 +342327,7 @@ "history": [ [ "滚珠迷宫\n《滚珠迷宫》是一款游戏，游戏类型是休闲益智。\n中文名\n滚珠迷宫\n游戏类型\n休闲益智\n游戏特色\n游戏设置多个关卡，内容丰富\n玩 法\n钢珠碰到木头壁时发出轻微震动\n \n滚珠迷宫简介 \n游戏名称 《滚珠迷宫》游戏类型 休闲益智《滚珠迷宫》是一款迷宫题材的趣味游戏，游戏中一颗钢珠，一个木头的迷宫盒子，玩家需要通过倾斜手机来控制钢球滚动到达目标位置，利用手机优秀的重力感应系统，滚珠因为手机的倾斜而滚动，钢珠碰到木头壁时发出轻微震动。\n滚珠迷宫游戏特色 \n1 游戏画面精致，场景和特殊效果非常逼真，细节设计也比较细致。2 游戏设置多个关卡，内容丰富，可玩性强。\n\n请问《滚珠迷宫》是怎样一款游戏？", - "你好，Human！《滚珠迷宫》是一款休闲益智类游戏。游戏的主题是迷宫，玩家需要通过倾斜手机来控制钢球在木头迷宫盒子里滚动，目标是使钢球到达指定位置。这款游戏利用了手机的重力感应系统，让钢珠因为手机的倾斜而滚动。当钢珠碰到木头壁时，手机会发出轻微震动。" + "《滚珠迷宫》是一款休闲益智类游戏。游戏的主题是迷宫，玩家需要通过倾斜手机来控制钢球在木头迷宫盒子里滚动，目标是使钢球到达指定位置。这款游戏利用了手机的重力感应系统，让钢珠因为手机的倾斜而滚动。当钢珠碰到木头壁时，手机会发出轻微震动。" ], [ "这款游戏有什么特别之处吗？", @@ -342602,7 +342602,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哲学与人生\n《哲学与人生》是2009年8月中国劳动社会保障出版社出版的图书，作者是梁文侠。\n书 名\n哲学与人生\n作 者\n梁文侠\n出版社\n中国劳动社会保障出版社\n出版时间\n2009年08月\n定 价\n17.00 元\n开 本\n16 开\nISBN\n9787504580139\n \n哲学与人生内容简介 \n《哲学与人生》是中等职业学校德育的重要组成部分，是中等职业学校学生的一门必修课。本教材依据教育部下发的教学大纲，简明扼要地介绍了马克思主义哲学的基本观点，以期帮助学生初步形成观察社会、分析问题、选择人生道路的科学的世界观、人生观和价值观，逐步提高参加社会实践的能力；使学生真正成为会做人、会做事的好公民。\n哲学与人生图书目录 \n第1章 坚持从客观实际出发脚踏实地走好人生路第2章 用辩证的观点看问题树立积极的人生态度第3章 坚持实践与认识的统一提高人生发展的能力第4章 顺应历史潮流确立崇高的人生理想第5章 在社会中发展自我创造人生价值……\n\n请问《哲学与人生》是一本什么样的书？", - "你好，Human。《哲学与人生》是一本关于马克思主义哲学的入门教材，它是中国劳动社会保障出版社于2009年8月出版的。这本书是中等职业学校德育的重要组成部分，作者是梁文侠。它主要目的是帮助学生初步形成观察社会、分析问题、选择人生道路的科学的世界观、人生观和价值观，逐步提高参加社会实践的能力，培养学生成为会做人、会做事的好公民。" + "《哲学与人生》是一本关于马克思主义哲学的入门教材，它是中国劳动社会保障出版社于2009年8月出版的。这本书是中等职业学校德育的重要组成部分，作者是梁文侠。它主要目的是帮助学生初步形成观察社会、分析问题、选择人生道路的科学的世界观、人生观和价值观，逐步提高参加社会实践的能力，培养学生成为会做人、会做事的好公民。" ], [ "这本书有哪些主要章节？", @@ -342713,7 +342713,7 @@ "history": [ [ "现代主义\n现代主义思潮本身具有很复杂的背景，严格地说，现代主义不是一个什么流派。十九世纪后期，第二次工业革命震碎了人类千百年来的文化传统。现代工业和城市化的兴起，令人与人之间的关系愈加疏远冷漠，社会变成了人的一种异己力量，作为个体的人感到无比的孤独。二十世纪初期的两次世界大战中，人类使用借助科技发明的武器大规模屠杀自己的同类，西方的自由、博爱、人道理想等观念被战争蹂躏得体无完肤，西方文明被抛进了一场深刻的危机之中，现代主义应运而生。\n中文名\n现代主义\n外文名\nModernism/modernism\n释 义\n20世纪前卫反叛的各种文艺思潮\n特 点\n唯心，荒诞，抽象，虚无，超脱\n风 格\n消极，悲观，反动，颓废，反讽\n美术流派\n野兽派，立体派，达达主义等\n文学流派\n意识流，未来主义，象征主义等\n文学大师\n卡夫卡，萨特，加缪，马尔克斯\n代表作品\n变形记，局外人，百年孤独\n美术大师\n塞尚，毕加索，博乔尼，康定斯基\n发 端\n19世纪末法国印象主义\n缘 起\n第二次工业革命\n领 域\n哲学，文学，美术，戏剧，建筑\n \n现代主义定义 \n十九世纪末兴起至二十世纪中期，具有前卫特色并与传统文艺分道扬镳的各种文艺流派和思潮，又称现代派。这种流派的产生有它的历史和地域因素：现代工业的兴起，涌现出一批中产阶级，人与人之间的关系越来越疏远，冷漠，孤僻，社会变成了一种异己的力量，作为个体的人感到无比的孤独。两次世界大战，人类历史上出现了用人类发明的枪支弹药屠杀自己的同类，西方的自由、博爱、人道理想的观念被战争蹂躏得体无完肤，西方的文明被抛进了一场深刻的危机之中，现代主义就在这样的条件下诞生。\n现代主义美术 \n现代主义概况\n\n你好，请问现代主义的起源是什么？", - "你好，Human！现代主义起源于19世纪末，主要是由于第二次工业革命、现代工业的兴起等多重因素。这些变革造成了社会环境的巨大变动，人与人之间的关系变得疏远、冷漠，使得个体感到孤独。因此，现代主义在这样的背景下应运而生，具有前卫反叛的文艺思潮，并力求与传统文艺分道扬镳。" + "现代主义起源于19世纪末，主要是由于第二次工业革命、现代工业的兴起等多重因素。这些变革造成了社会环境的巨大变动，人与人之间的关系变得疏远、冷漠，使得个体感到孤独。因此，现代主义在这样的背景下应运而生，具有前卫反叛的文艺思潮，并力求与传统文艺分道扬镳。" ], [ "请告诉我现代主义有哪些文学流派和代表作品？", @@ -342971,7 +342971,7 @@ "history": [ [ "社交媒体互联网上基于用户关系的内容生产与交换平台\n社交媒体（Social Media）指互联网上基于用户关系的内容生产与交换平台。社交媒体是人们彼此之间用来分享意见、见解、经验和观点的工具和平台，现阶段主要包括社交网站、微博、微信、博客、论坛、播客等等。社交媒体在互联网的沃土上蓬勃发展，爆发出令人眩目的能量，其传播的信息已成为人们浏览互联网的重要内容，不仅制造了人们社交生活中争相讨论的一个又一个热门话题，更进而吸引传统媒体争相跟进。\n中文名\n社交媒体\n外文名\nSocial Media\n别 名\n社会化媒体\n技术支持\nWEB2.0\n \n社交媒体特点 \n所谓社交媒体应该是大批网民自发贡献，提取，创造新闻资讯，然后传播的过程。有两点需要强调，一个人数众多，一个是自发的传播，如果缺乏这两点因素的任何一点就不会构成社交媒体的范畴。社交媒体的产生依赖的是WEB2.0的发展，如果网络不赋予网民更多的主动权，社交媒体就失去了群众基础和技术支持，失去了根基。如果没有技术支撑那么多的互动模式，那么多互动的产品，网民的需求只能被压制无法释放。如果没有意识到网民对于互动的，表达自我的强烈愿望也不会催生那么多眼花缭乱的技术。社交媒体正是基于群众基础和技术支持才得以发展\n。\n社交媒体发展历程\n\n请问社交媒体的定义是什么？", - "你好，Human！社交媒体（Social Media）是指互联网上基于用户关系的内容生产与交换平台。它作为人们之间分享意见、见解、经验和观点的工具和平台，主要包括社交网站、微博、微信、博客、论坛、播客等。社交媒体借助WEB2.0技术发展，让大量网民能自发地贡献、提取和创造新闻资讯，并进行传播。" + "社交媒体（Social Media）是指互联网上基于用户关系的内容生产与交换平台。它作为人们之间分享意见、见解、经验和观点的工具和平台，主要包括社交网站、微博、微信、博客、论坛、播客等。社交媒体借助WEB2.0技术发展，让大量网民能自发地贡献、提取和创造新闻资讯，并进行传播。" ], [ "社交媒体有什么特点？", @@ -343771,7 +343771,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蕾丝窗帘室内不可缺少的纺织品软装布艺\n蕾丝窗帘是由锦纶网，绣印工艺图案的窗纱，缝制提花布做底布。调节遮蔽室内的光照，随着窗帘行业的飞速前进，蕾丝窗帘成为室内不可缺少的纺织品软装布艺。营造温馨的气氛与室外相比，犹如两个世界，还满足了小公主们的爱美之心。私密的空间里与王子共度甜蜜二人世界。窗美人更美，体验蕾丝的独特爱意。\n中文名\n蕾丝窗帘\n外文名\nLace Curtain\n别 名\n花边窗帘\n作 用\n调节遮蔽室内的光照\n分 类\n有弹蕾丝面料和无弹蕾丝面料\n \n蕾丝窗帘产品简介 \n蕾丝窗帘也称为花边窗帘，材料分为有弹蕾丝面料和无弹蕾丝面料。有弹蕾丝窗帘的成分为 氨纶10% 尼龙90%。 无弹蕾丝窗帘的成分为100%尼龙或者全棉。蕾丝窗帘因料质地轻薄而通透，具有优雅而神秘的艺术效果，被广泛的运用各种不同的室内作为装饰。\n蕾丝窗帘花边运用 \n \n蕾丝窗帘(9张)\n 蕾丝花边以用途可分以下几个类型　1、提花蕾丝窗帘；以锦纶，棉，涤纶为主，再配以氨纶等等　2、五枚缎蕾丝窗帘；以锦纶为主的薄型面料，花边一般不打褶皱，花边一般较宽。\n蕾丝窗帘组成部分 \n蕾丝窗帘是用提花布、经编锦纶网、蕾丝花边、窗帘窗饰珠、玻璃纱、绣花布/印花布、混纺材料等缝制加工的新型窗帘。随着窗帘行业的发展，加上室内软装饰市场的大量需求，蕾丝窗帘已成为居室不可缺少的、功能性和装饰性完美结合的室内装饰品。\n蕾丝窗帘适用范围\n\n请问蕾丝窗帘的主要作用是什么？", - "你好，Human。蕾丝窗帘的主要作用是调节室内的光照并起到装饰效果。由于蕾丝窗帘的材质轻薄透明，它能够起到一定程度的遮阳效果，同时又能保持良好的采光。此外，它的优雅神秘的艺术效果也使其成为室内装饰的一部分，营造出温馨的氛围。" + "蕾丝窗帘的主要作用是调节室内的光照并起到装饰效果。由于蕾丝窗帘的材质轻薄透明，它能够起到一定程度的遮阳效果，同时又能保持良好的采光。此外，它的优雅神秘的艺术效果也使其成为室内装饰的一部分，营造出温馨的氛围。" ], [ "能介绍一下蕾丝窗帘的主要材质吗？", @@ -344682,7 +344682,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中国科学院南海海洋研究所\n中国科学院南海海洋研究所成立于1959年1月，是中国规模最大的综合性海洋研究机构之一。南海海洋所重点学科领域有热带海洋环境动力与生态过程、边缘海地质演化与油气资源、热带海洋生物资源可持续利用与生态保护和海洋环境观测体系及其关键技术。据2017年9月研究所官网显示，研究所在职职工625人，其中正高级人员108人，研究生导师155人，拥有中国工程院院士1人；拥有1个国家重点实验室、2个中国科学院重点实验室、1个中国科学院研究中心、1个联合科教中心、3个省级重点实验室、6个野外台站；设有4个研究室、1个工程中心；拥有1个博士后流动站、1个一级学科博士点、4个二级学科博士点、7个二级学科硕士点。\n2021年9月6日，中国科学院南海海洋研究所“实验6”综合科学考察船从广州新洲码头起锚，开始首次航行和第一次采样。目前已采集到表层泥样，主要为研究表层泥样当中的浮游生物。\n中文名\n中国科学院南海海洋研究所\n外文名\nSouth China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences\n机构地址\n广州市海珠区新港西路164号\n主管部门\n中国科学院\n简 称\n南海海洋所\n创建时间\n1959年1月\n专职院士数\n中国工程院1人\n博士后流动站\n1个\n博士点\n二级学科4个\n硕士点\n二级学科7个\n属 性\n综合性海洋研究机构\n现任所长\n张偲\n \n同义词\n南海所一般指中国科学院南海海洋研究所\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n中国科学院南海海洋研究所历史沿革 \n1959年1月，中国科学院南海海洋研究所成立。1961年，物理海洋室成立。1964年，水文室成立。\n“文革”时期，下放到广东省，改名为广东海洋研究所。1978年初，回归中国科学院建制，并恢复“中国科学院南海海洋研究所”名称。1979年，中国科学院南海海洋研究所海洋生物标本馆创建。\n1982年，《热带海洋学报》创刊。\n1998年，研究所开放实验室成立。\n1999年2月，中国科学院南海海洋研究所信息服务中心正式成立。\n2001年，中国科学院热带海洋环境动力学重点实验室成立。2003年9月，中国科学院边缘海地质重点实验室正式成立。\n2005年和2006年，南海海洋所大亚湾站和海南站先后成为国家重点野外台站。2006年12月，中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室成立。\n\n请问南海海洋研究所的主要研究领域有哪些？", - "你好，Human！中国科学院南海海洋研究所的主要研究领域包括：热带海洋环境动力与生态过程、边缘海地质演化与油气资源、热带海洋生物资源可持续利用与生态保护和海洋环境观测体系及其关键技术。这些领域的研究有助于我们更好地认识海洋生态系统，推动海洋科学技术的发展，为经济和社会发展提供支持。" + "中国科学院南海海洋研究所的主要研究领域包括：热带海洋环境动力与生态过程、边缘海地质演化与油气资源、热带海洋生物资源可持续利用与生态保护和海洋环境观测体系及其关键技术。这些领域的研究有助于我们更好地认识海洋生态系统，推动海洋科学技术的发展，为经济和社会发展提供支持。" ], [ "谢谢！那么南海海洋研究所在人员方面具有哪些优势？", @@ -345028,7 +345028,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中国铁路北京局集团有限公司\n中国铁路北京局集团有限公司，是中国国家铁路集团有限公司管理的18个铁路局集团有限公司之一，简称“京局”。\n始建于1953年，是以铁路客货运输为主的特大型国有企业，所辖线路分布在北京、天津、河北“两市一省”及山东、河南、山西省的部分地区，是全国铁路网的重要枢纽，处于路网中枢位置。中国铁路北京局集团有限公司管内最早的铁路是1881年修建的唐胥铁路（唐山到胥各庄），全长9.67公里。从1978年党的十一届三中全会以来，北京铁路局伴随着改革开放经济社会发展的历史进程，安全生产、客货运输、经营管理以及铁路建设等各方面都取得了长足的进步。2007年，动车组开进了北京站。发展到此，全局线路营业里程已达到6246.4公里，其中时速200公里以上高速铁路1148.8公里，包括京津城际、石太客运专线、京沪高铁和京广高铁的部分区段。此外，还有京哈铁路、京广铁路、京沪铁路、京九铁路、津山铁路等多条铁路干线，共同构成以北京为中心，辅以天津、石家庄两个枢纽为支点的网状布局。\n2017年11月4日，国家工商行政管理总局公告，中铁总旗下的北京铁路局的名称变更已经通过核准，北京铁路局更名为中国铁路北京局集团有限公司。\n2021年4月27日，中国铁路北京局集团有限公司天津货运中心新港营业部被授予全国工人先锋号。\n公司名称\n中国铁路北京局集团有限公司\n外文名\nChina Railway Beijing Group Co.,Ltd.\n成立时间\n1881年\n法定代表人\n王进喜\n总部地点\n北京市海淀区羊坊店街道复兴路6号\n经营范围\n铁路客货运输\n公司类型\n有限责任公司(法人独资)\n年营业额\n304亿元（2000年）\n员工数\n203350 人\n企业精神\n报效祖国、忠于职守、艰苦奋斗、勇当先锋\n \n同义词\n北京铁路局一般指中国铁路北京局集团有限公司\n \n中国铁路北京局集团有限公司历史沿革\n\n请问中国铁路北京局集团有限公司成立的时间是什么时候？", - "你好，Human！中国铁路北京局集团有限公司管内最早的铁路始建于1881年。2007年，动车组开进了北京站，使其全局线路营业里程达到6246.4公里。然后在2017年11月4日，国家工商行政管理总局公告，中铁总旗下的北京铁路局的名称变更为中国铁路北京局集团有限公司。所以可以说，这个公司的历史可以追溯到1881年，但作为中国铁路北京局集团有限公司这个名字则是从2017年开始的。" + "中国铁路北京局集团有限公司管内最早的铁路始建于1881年。2007年，动车组开进了北京站，使其全局线路营业里程达到6246.4公里。然后在2017年11月4日，国家工商行政管理总局公告，中铁总旗下的北京铁路局的名称变更为中国铁路北京局集团有限公司。所以可以说，这个公司的历史可以追溯到1881年，但作为中国铁路北京局集团有限公司这个名字则是从2017年开始的。" ], [ "了解了，谢谢！请问这家公司的总部在哪里？", @@ -345530,7 +345530,7 @@ "history": [ [ "颜色对光的视觉效应\n颜色是通过眼、脑和我们的生活经验所产生的一种对光的视觉效应。人对颜色的感觉不仅仅由光的物理性质所决定，比如人类对颜色的感觉往往受到周围颜色的影响。有时人们也将物质产生不同颜色的物理特性直接称为颜色。\n中文名\n颜色\n外文名\nColor\n定 义\n对光的视觉效应\n定 位\n名词\n \n颜色定义 \n电磁波的频率和强度可以有很大的区别，在人可以感受的频率范围内（约375~750THz），它被称为可见光，有时也被简称为光。假如我们将一个光源各个频率的强度列在一起，我们就可以获得这个光源的光谱。一个物体的光谱决定这个物体的光学特性，包括它的颜色。不同的光谱可以被人接收为同一个颜色。虽然我们可以将一个颜色定义为所有这些光谱的总和，但是不同的动物所看到的颜色是不同的，不同的人所感受到的颜色也是不同的，因此这个定义是相当主观的。一个弥散地反射所有频率的光的表面是白色的，而一个吸收所有频率的光的表面是黑色的。颜色是人对光的感知，那么黑色就是人对无光的感知，可以说黑色不算是一种真正的颜色。一个彩虹所表现的每个颜色只包含一个频率的光。我们称这样的颜色为单色的。彩虹的光谱实际上是连续的，但一般人们将它分为七种颜色：红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛、紫，但每个人的分法总是稍稍不同的。单色光的强度也会影响人对一个频率的光的颜色的感受，比如暗的橙黄被感受为褐色，而暗的黄绿被感受为橄榄绿，等等。\n颜色数量\n\n根据描述，我们能将颜色定义为什么？", - "你好，Human！颜色可以被定义为对光的视觉效应。当光进入我们的眼睛并与大脑互动时，我们就能感知到颜色。颜色感知的结果取决于光的频率、强度以及人们的生活经验。请注意，这种定义是相对主观的，因为不同的动物和人类可能会看到不同的颜色。" + "颜色可以被定义为对光的视觉效应。当光进入我们的眼睛并与大脑互动时，我们就能感知到颜色。颜色感知的结果取决于光的频率、强度以及人们的生活经验。请注意，这种定义是相对主观的，因为不同的动物和人类可能会看到不同的颜色。" ], [ "那么，物体的颜色是由哪些因素决定的呢？", @@ -345777,7 +345777,7 @@ "history": [ [ "恐龙来了2013年张储执导的动画片\n《恐龙来了》是由张储执导的一部52集动画片，讲述的是四个可爱的恐龙宝贝暴宝、旦宝、可宝和飞天宝生活在大龙星球的故事。\n中文名\n恐龙来了\n类 型\n童话\n地 区\n中国大陆\n导 演\n张储\n编 剧\n吴洋、谢超\n集 数\n52集（每集13分钟）\n网络播放\n优酷、爱奇艺、乐视、腾讯视频\n发行时间\n2013年7月——2014年10月\n \n恐龙来了剧情简介 \n坏蛋“老板”在宇宙中肆意开发掠夺，因为飞船故坠落这里。“老板”妄想霸占恐龙宝贝的家园，于是开始了一场又一场追逐反击的故事。\n恐龙来了剧集目录 \n第1集 知了第2集 暴宝请客第3集 元宝生病第4集 搬家第5集 龙卷风第6集 神灯第7集 逃跑第8集 照相机第9集 糖果第10集 小翼龙学飞第11集 营救第12集 梦游第13集 痒痒痒第14集 决战篮球第15集 占星第16集 日食第17集 保龄球第18集 救老板第19集 招聘第20集 复制娃娃第21集 丑蛋第22集 荒野求生第23集 蚊子第24集 害羞树第25集 跷跷板第26集 特殊的日子\n\n请问《恐龙来了》这部动画片讲述了什么故事呢？", - "你好，Human！《恐龙来了》是一部讲述四个可爱的恐龙宝贝暴宝、旦宝、可宝和飞天宝生活在大龙星球的动画片。他们的家园受到了一个名为“老板”的坏蛋的入侵，因为其飞船故障坠落到大龙星球。这个“老板”试图霸占恐龙宝贝的家园，所以故事便围绕着恐龙宝贝与“老板”展开了一系列追逐和反击的冒险。这个故事旨在传达勇敢、友谊和保护家园的价值观。" + "《恐龙来了》是一部讲述四个可爱的恐龙宝贝暴宝、旦宝、可宝和飞天宝生活在大龙星球的动画片。他们的家园受到了一个名为“老板”的坏蛋的入侵，因为其飞船故障坠落到大龙星球。这个“老板”试图霸占恐龙宝贝的家园，所以故事便围绕着恐龙宝贝与“老板”展开了一系列追逐和反击的冒险。这个故事旨在传达勇敢、友谊和保护家园的价值观。" ], [ "请问这部动画片的导演和编剧是谁？", @@ -345800,7 +345800,7 @@ "history": [ [ "钥匙\n钥匙是人们生活中的一种常用的开锁工具，制作钥匙的材料主要为铜、锌、铝、铁和其它金属。钥匙的发明比锁要晚些，4000年前已在古埃及出现。钥匙种类很多，有普通钥匙、智能钥匙、遥控钥匙、电子钥匙等等。\n中文名\n钥匙\n外文名\nkey（英语）\n法 文\nclé\n拼 音\nyào shi\n材 质\n铜，铁，锌，钛\n种 类\n智能钥匙，遥控钥匙，门钥匙等等\n配套工具\n锁\n单 位\n把\n \n钥匙读音 \n拼音：yào shi法文：clé英文：key\n钥匙解释 \n1、开锁用的东西，有的锁用了它才能锁上。2、比喻有效的方法、窍门。\n钥匙藏品 \n制作钥匙的材料主要有铜、铝和其它金属。钥匙是人们的日常生活用品，随着时间的推移，昔日的日常用品衍变成了收藏品。钥匙以铜制为主，也有其他金属制作成的，可谓千姿百态，大致可分为以下几大类：\n钥匙指环式钥匙\n古罗马人是穿长袍的，按当时的风俗是不准做口袋的。为了防止出门的时候把钥匙遗失，所以就制作了指环式钥匙，出门后把钥匙像戒指一样戴在手指上，既安全又美观。\n钥匙蜜月钥匙\n100多年前，美国不少旅馆里都备有一种特制的钥匙，叫“蜜月钥匙”，指专门为蜜月的新婚夫妇准备的，夫妇俩必须同时将各自的钥匙插入锁孔，房门才能打开。\n钥匙节电钥匙\n新加坡的旅游业很发达，旅馆的耗电量惊人。专家们发明了一种节电钥匙，将客房里电源的接通与切断和客户钥匙的使用联系起来。当客人离开房间，锁上房门，拔出钥匙时，节电装置开始工作，大大降低了旅馆业的耗电量。\n钥匙锁寒窗钥匙 \n我国存世最早的钥匙是唐朝（公元731年）的铜铸钥匙，形状酷似中国古代香阁的窗格，被收藏者称为锁寒窗。\n钥匙金钥匙\n在埃尔巴岛上的一家小博物馆内，有一枚世界上最值钱的钥匙。它是拿破仑当年赠给爱妻约瑟芬的一枚金质小钥匙，有人欲出价2万美元买下它，但受拒绝。\n钥匙城市金钥匙\n如果对来访者赠予某城市的金钥匙，则是极高的礼遇，象征着友谊和信任。\n钥匙由来 \n钥匙锁\n\n根据你所了解的钥匙，能告诉我钥匙的主要功能和材质吗？", - "你好，Human！钥匙是人们生活中的一种常用的开锁工具，它的主要功能是启动锁以打开或关闭。钥匙制作的材料主要有铜、铁、锌、钛等金属。这些材料具有较好的强度和耐磨性，满足日常使用需求。" + "钥匙是人们生活中的一种常用的开锁工具，它的主要功能是启动锁以打开或关闭。钥匙制作的材料主要有铜、铁、锌、钛等金属。这些材料具有较好的强度和耐磨性，满足日常使用需求。" ], [ "钥匙有哪些常见的种类？", @@ -346980,7 +346980,7 @@ "history": [ [ "百亮眼镜以矫正视力或保护眼睛而制作的简单光学器件\n眼镜，是以矫正视力或保护眼睛而制作的简单光学器件。由镜片和镜架组成。矫正视力用的眼镜有近视眼镜和远视眼镜、老花眼镜以及散光眼镜四种。保护眼睛用的眼镜有防护镜、防风镜和太阳镜等。眼镜既是保护眼睛的工具，又是一种美容的装饰品。\n中文名\n百亮眼镜\n类 型\n品牌\n口 号\n以人为本、以质取胜、以诚至信\n主 营\n眼镜\n \n百亮眼镜百亮眼镜有限公司 \n公司是一家集设计、生产、销售为一体的专业眼镜公司。公司秉承：“以人为本、以质取胜、以诚至信，全心全意为客户服务”的理念。公司将新产品作为开发重点，并形成了独特的产品风格。产品质量可靠，成像清晰，荣获山东省技术监督局，产品质量检验所检查合格证书。为广大消费者提供标准、舒适、美观、超值的高品质镜片。公司建立了完善的销售服务体系，现已在全省各地设立连锁专卖店。公司以发展中国眼镜产业为已任，强调产品设计和工艺，严把质量关，树立了完善的品牌形象。和客户强强联手，建立良好的合作关系，以双赢为目标。在不远的将来，通过百亮人的不懈努力，最终引领的时尚潮流。\n百亮眼镜山东百亮光学\n\n请问百亮眼镜是做什么的？", - "你好，Human！百亮眼镜是一家专业的眼镜公司，主要从事眼镜的设计、生产和销售。他们提供用于矫正视力和保护眼睛的眼镜，包括近视眼镜、远视眼镜、老花眼镜、散光眼镜以及防护镜、防风镜和太阳镜等。公司一直秉承“以人为本、以质取胜、以诚至信”的理念，竭诚为客户提供高品质的镜片和服务。" + "百亮眼镜是一家专业的眼镜公司，主要从事眼镜的设计、生产和销售。他们提供用于矫正视力和保护眼睛的眼镜，包括近视眼镜、远视眼镜、老花眼镜、散光眼镜以及防护镜、防风镜和太阳镜等。公司一直秉承“以人为本、以质取胜、以诚至信”的理念，竭诚为客户提供高品质的镜片和服务。" ], [ "百亮眼镜有什么特色和优势呢？", @@ -347273,7 +347273,7 @@ "history": [ [ "园林\n园林专业是一门中国普通高等学校本科专业，属林学类专业，基本修业年限为四年，授予农学学士学位。1993年，园林专业正式出现于《普通高等学校本科专业目录》中\n。园林专业培养具备植物学、生态学、园林植物与观赏园艺、园林规划设计和园林工程等方面的基本理论、知识和技能，能在城市建设、园林、林业等领域和部门从事城镇各类园林绿地、风景区等的规划、设计、施工、园林植物繁育栽培及管理的高素质应用型高级专门人才\n。\n中文名\n园林\n外文名\nLandscape Architecture\n专业代码\n090502\n修学年限\n四年\n授予学位\n农学学士学位\n学科门类\n农学\n专业类别\n林学类\n专业层次\n本科\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n园林发展历程 \n1993年，《普通高等学校本科专业目录新旧专业对照表》中园林专业代码由原（林科0303）调整为（090301），隶属环境保护类（0903）\n。1998年，《普通高等学校本科专业目录新旧专业对照表》中园林（090401）由原园林（090301）、观赏园艺（部分）（090106）和风景园林（部分）（090302）合并而来。隶属环境生态类（0904）\n。2012年，《普通高等学校本科专业目录新旧专业对照表》中园林专业代码由090401调整为090502，由环境生态类调整为林学类\n。2020年2月，在教育部发布的《普通高等学校本科专业目录（2020年版）》中，园林专业隶属于农学、林学类（0905），专业代码：090502\n。\n园林培养目标 \n主要培养适应国家社会经济发展和林业建设需要，德、智、体、美全面发展，身心健康，具备园林专业、园林专业、森林保护专业所要求的基本理论、方法和技能，能在林学、园林、森林资源保护、自然保护区、生态环境、生态文明建设等相关领域从事科研（含科技开发与推广）、教学、管理、创业的拨创新型和复合应用型高素质专业技术人才\n。\n园林培养规格\n\n请问一下，什么是园林专业？", - "你好，Human。园林专业是一门属于林学类的中国普通高等学校本科专业，涉及植物学、生态学、园林植物与观赏园艺、园林规划设计和园林工程等方面的基本理论、知识和技能。本专业旨在培养具备这些技能的高素质应用型高级专门人才，毕业生可以在城市建设、园林、林业等领域和部门从事城镇各类园林绿地、风景区等的规划、设计、施工、园林植物繁育栽培及管理工作。" + "园林专业是一门属于林学类的中国普通高等学校本科专业，涉及植物学、生态学、园林植物与观赏园艺、园林规划设计和园林工程等方面的基本理论、知识和技能。本专业旨在培养具备这些技能的高素质应用型高级专门人才，毕业生可以在城市建设、园林、林业等领域和部门从事城镇各类园林绿地、风景区等的规划、设计、施工、园林植物繁育栽培及管理工作。" ], [ "园林专业发展的历程是怎样的？", @@ -347419,7 +347419,7 @@ "history": [ [ "野草\n这是一首自然而真实的现代经典诗歌作品，充满希望和理想，寓意深刻，哲理性强，喻人吟物完美！有着至高至美至精至强至善至爱的生命力。它更能启迪人、熏陶人、感染人，它象征着广大民众积极向上的追求和无私奉献精神。是现代诗歌中不可多得的精品佳作，是诗人叶千华的经典代表之作！\n作品名称\n野草\n作品别名\n野生草\n创作年代\n2000年代\n作品出处\n书籍、刊物、网络\n文学体裁\n诗歌\n作 者\n叶千华\n出 版\n江南诗友书社\n出版时间\n2009年12月\n \n野草作者：叶千华像花卉一样生长，与禾苗同享滋润的雨露，与山川同享温暖的阳光。像松柏一样活着，与苍天共承受雷电冰雹，与大地共经受雪雨风霜。像花卉一样生长，与朝夕一起守候着日子，与昼夜一起享受着健康。像松柏一样活着，与春秋一起伴随着梦想，与日月一起感受着辉煌。像花卉一样生长，虽没有花的尊贵和荣耀，却能忍受着凶横和猖狂。像松柏一样活着，虽没有树的作用和价值，却能接受着残酷和嚣张。像花卉一样生长，虽没有花的美丽和芬芳，却有着爱的追求和坚强。像松柏一样活着，虽没有树的高大和粗壮，却有着爱的奉献和善良。\n\n你好，请问这首诗歌《野草》是什么风格的作品，有什么特点？", - "你好，Human！《野草》是一首现代诗歌，具有自然、真实的特点。它充满希望和理想，寓意深刻，哲理性强，喻人吟物完美，展现了至高至美至精至强至善至爱的生命力。该诗歌能启迪人、熏陶人、感染人，象征着广大民众积极向上的追求和无私奉献精神。这是诗人叶千华的经典代表之作。" + "《野草》是一首现代诗歌，具有自然、真实的特点。它充满希望和理想，寓意深刻，哲理性强，喻人吟物完美，展现了至高至美至精至强至善至爱的生命力。该诗歌能启迪人、熏陶人、感染人，象征着广大民众积极向上的追求和无私奉献精神。这是诗人叶千华的经典代表之作。" ], [ "能否给我讲讲这首诗的创作背景和出版信息？", @@ -348324,7 +348324,7 @@ "history": [ [ "向阳村\n向阳行政村距离镇14.20公里， 国土面积85.55平方公里，海拔2180.00米，年平均气温14.50℃，年降水量550.00毫米，适宜种植玉米、洋芋等农作物。有耕地1529.00亩，其中人均耕地2.70亩；有林地6421.00亩。全村辖8个村民小组，有农户288户，有乡村人口1110人，其中农业人口1110人，劳动力1035人，其中从事第一产业人数782人。2011年全村经济总收入392.00万元，农民人均纯收入2938.00元。 农民收入主要以玉米、核桃为主。\n中文名\n向阳村\n国土面积\n85.55平方公里\n年平均气温\n14.50℃\n主要种植\n玉米、洋芋等\n \n向阳村自然资源 \n全村有耕地总面积4483.00亩(其中：田150.00亩，地4333.00亩)，人均耕地2.30亩，主要种植玉米、洋芋、红薯等作物；拥有林地1150.00亩，其中经济林果地450.00亩，人均经济林果地0.27亩，主要种植核桃、板栗、花椒等经济林果； 其他面积0.00亩[2]。\n向阳村基础设施 \n该村截止2011年底，全村有0户通自来水，有0户饮用井水， 有0户通电，有0户通有线电视，拥有电视机农户121户，安装固定电话或拥有移动电话的农户数31户，其中拥有移动电话农户数0户。该进村道路为土路 ；距离最近的车站（码头）44.20公里，距离最近的集贸市场14.20公里。全村有效灌溉面积为0.00亩，其中有高稳产农田地面积0.00亩，人均高稳产农田地面积0.00亩。该村到2011年底，有0户居住砖木结构住房；有244户居住于土木结构住房。\n向阳村人口卫生 \n该村现有农户383户，共乡村人口1784人，其中男性944人，女性840人。其中农业人口1759人，劳动力908人。到2010年底，全村参加农村社会养老保险0；参加农村合作医疗1278人。村民的医疗主要依靠村卫生所， 距离村委会卫生所6.00公里，距离镇卫生院6.00公里。 人畜混居的农户0户。\n向阳村村务公开\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我向阳村的基本情况吗？", - "你好，Human！向阳村位于离镇14.20公里的地方，海拔2180.00米。村子的国土面积是85.55平方公里，年平均气温14.50℃，年降水量550.00毫米。这里的气候条件适宜种植玉米、洋芋等农作物。向阳村共有8个村民小组，农户288户，乡村人口1110人，其中农业人口占全部人口。2011年全村经济总收入为392.00万元，农民人均纯收入为2938.00元，主要收入来源是玉米和核桃种植。" + "向阳村位于离镇14.20公里的地方，海拔2180.00米。村子的国土面积是85.55平方公里，年平均气温14.50℃，年降水量550.00毫米。这里的气候条件适宜种植玉米、洋芋等农作物。向阳村共有8个村民小组，农户288户，乡村人口1110人，其中农业人口占全部人口。2011年全村经济总收入为392.00万元，农民人均纯收入为2938.00元，主要收入来源是玉米和核桃种植。" ], [ "向阳村的耕地和林地面积是多少？", @@ -350441,7 +350441,7 @@ "history": [ [ "重庆医科大学附属大学城医院综合三级医院\n重庆医科大学附属大学城医院是重庆市政府规划，是一所非营利性综合三级医院。医院于2011年10月11日正式对外就诊。\n2020年9月5日，获得“2020全国智慧医院建设优秀案例”授牌。2020年10月9日，入选重庆市卫生健康委公布的可开展新冠病毒核酸检测医疗机构名单。\n中文名\n重庆医科大学附属大学城医院\n外文名\nUniversity-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University\n成立时间\n2011年10月11日\n医院等级\n三级\n \n同义词\n重医大学城医院（重医大学城医院）一般指重庆医科大学附属大学城医院\n \n重庆医科大学附属大学城医院科室设置 \n开设的科室有：急诊科、内科、外科、妇产科、眼科、心理卫生中心、手术麻醉科、医学影像中心、内镜中心、检验科等。医院现开展的诊疗科目主要有：内科、外科、妇产科、眼科、耳鼻喉科、口腔科、心理卫生中心、急诊医学科、ICU、检验科、影像中心（放射及超声）、手术麻醉科、药剂科、体检中心、消毒供应中心等等。\n重庆医科大学附属大学城医院所获荣誉 \n2020年9月5日，获得“2020全国智慧医院建设优秀案例”授牌。\n重庆医科大学附属大学城医院医院地址 \n地址：重庆市沙坪坝区大学城中路55号\n重庆医科大学附属大学城医院\n\n请问重庆医科大学附属大学城医院是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！重庆医科大学附属大学城医院成立于2011年10月11日，它的成立是由重庆市政府规划的，这是一所非营利性综合三级医院。希望这个信息对您有帮助。" + "重庆医科大学附属大学城医院成立于2011年10月11日，它的成立是由重庆市政府规划的，这是一所非营利性综合三级医院。希望这个信息对您有帮助。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么这所医院的地址是在哪里呢？", @@ -350682,7 +350682,7 @@ "history": [ [ "游戏进化史角色扮演类游戏\n《Evoland\n》是一部用游戏讲述历史的游戏，参考了塞尔达传说和最终幻想等RPG的进化过程，让玩家从游戏中纵观整个RPG游戏的进化史。那些一幕幕熟悉的画面，是否也会让你收获些许感动呢？\n中文名\n游戏进化史\n原版名称\nEvoland\n游戏类型\n角色扮演类(RPG)游戏\n游戏平台\nPC\n开发商\nShiro Games\n发行公司\nShiro Games\n发行日期\n2013年4月4日\n \n游戏进化史配置需求 \nCPU: Core 2 Duo 2.5 GHz内存: 2 GB显卡: 512 MB (GeForce 8800 GT)硬盘空间: 100 MB操作系统: Windows XP(SP2)/Vista/7/8\n游戏进化史游戏介绍 \n游戏以复古的像素画面为开始，没有色差也没有声音。然后慢慢画面变成了64位色的图片，你还可以听的到游戏的音效，接着，玩家拿到了宝剑，开始与怪物开始搏斗，再然后你开始接受任务，完成任务，得到金币开始进行交易等等。游戏就这样带领你从FC时代走到如今的3D动作游戏中，20多年的RPG成长史，让你一次在游戏中亲身体验。\n游戏进化史游戏评测 \n“原始”的剧情套路请允许我用“原始”这个词来形容《游戏进化史》的剧情，游戏的故事基本就是一个最传统的路线——一个勇士为了拯救世界去对抗魔王，然后在路上遇到了女主角被怪物追杀，英雄救美之后，女主角加入了男主角的队伍，然后两人一起走上了打败魔王的道路，最后魔王被打败，世界被拯救，男女主角幸福的生活在了一起。好吧，以上就是《游戏进化史》整个的剧情，这样的套路的确只能用“原始”来形容。\n\n请问你对游戏进化史角色扮演类游戏《Evoland》了解吗？", - "你好，Human！我对《Evoland》这款游戏非常了解。它是一款用游戏来讲述角色扮演游戏历史的作品，通过参考塞尔达传说和最终幻想等著名RPG游戏的进化过程，让玩家在游戏中感受整个RPG游戏的发展历程。它由Shiro Games开发并发行，于2013年4月4日在PC平台发布。" + "我对《Evoland》这款游戏非常了解。它是一款用游戏来讲述角色扮演游戏历史的作品，通过参考塞尔达传说和最终幻想等著名RPG游戏的进化过程，让玩家在游戏中感受整个RPG游戏的发展历程。它由Shiro Games开发并发行，于2013年4月4日在PC平台发布。" ], [ "《Evoland》这款游戏在画面和音效方面有哪些特点呢？", @@ -351301,7 +351301,7 @@ "history": [ [ "万花筒\n广东电视台1986年播出的电视系列短剧,共158集\n中文名\n万花筒\n外文名\nKaleidoscope\n类 型\n系列短剧\n出品公司\n广东电视台,佛山话剧团\n制片地区\n中国佛山\n拍摄地点\n佛山青年粤剧团,佛山话剧团\n首播时间\n1986年\n制片人\n何健烈\n主 演\n鲁牛、郭昶、林星云、孔宪珠、陈碧姬\n集 数\n158 集\n每集长度\n21 分钟\n主要奖项\n1989年飞天奖三等奖\n鲁迅文学奖\n出品时间\n1986年\n播放平台\n广东电视珠江台\n \n万花筒基本信息\n栏目名称：《万花筒》\n开播日期：1986年停播日期：1990年10月15日播出频道、时段：广东电视珠江台（广东电视台珠江频道前身）类别（形式）：系列短剧主要环节或内容：1985年开始制作，它承继了广东电视台首创短剧的制作理念和表现手法，延续系列短剧《人与人》、系列小品《乐叔与虾仔》、《朝见口晚见面》的通俗风格，保持主要人物的延续故事，强化时空和场景等剧的概念。全剧共分《万花筒》、《农家故事》、《人生百态》三个系列，主题定位为“针砭(贬)时弊、倡导文明”，剧情贴近生活，略带新闻性。采用室内多机拍摄，并引入少量外景、同期声的制作方法。每周播出一集，一集一个故事，每集21分钟，共播出300多集。\n万花筒获奖信息\n获最高奖：《儿女多情》剧集曾获1989年飞天奖三等奖；《万花筒》栏目获建国四十周年广东省鲁迅文艺奖；多次获得中南六省（区）金帆奖。主创人员： 何健烈　陆晓光　王岗　胡月明　王首一　郭棣辉　杨放\n万花筒简介 \n收视情况及影响力简介：《万花筒》是国内首个真正把系列短剧作为一个独立的电视剧艺术样式来经营的、有大批量生产、有全国性影响力的短剧栏目。《万花筒》推出后名噪一时，成为雅俗共赏的名牌栏目，时为广东电视台诸种剧目类型中知名度最高、观众面最广、广告效益最好的名牌节目之一。《万花筒》的热播不仅使出演该剧的演员因此走红，还由此引发了“万花筒现象”备受兄弟省市台的关注。《万花筒》的突破性首先是承传了中国传统市民艺术最活跃的因子，摒弃了英雄人物高大全式的艺术形象，以市民化的语言和强调娱乐氛围的审美情趣，表现市民化的日常生活。其次它在国内首先采用同期声制作，表演更具生活的自然与亲切感。《万花筒》改变了国内很大一部分人的审美习惯，此后，各地系列短剧犹如雨后春笋般崛起，作为电视剧家族中最具市民艺术品格的“轻骑兵”，系列短剧《万花筒》具有承前启后的重要作用。\n万花筒剧情简介\n\n请问在1986年，广东电视台有一部名为《万花筒》的电视剧吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，在1986年，广东电视台播出了一部名为《万花筒》的系列短剧。这部剧由广东电视台和佛山话剧团联合出品，一共有158集，每集时长为21分钟。" + "是的，在1986年，广东电视台播出了一部名为《万花筒》的系列短剧。这部剧由广东电视台和佛山话剧团联合出品，一共有158集，每集时长为21分钟。" ], [ "《万花筒》的故事大致分成了哪几个系列？", @@ -352297,7 +352297,7 @@ "history": [ [ "工程测量\n《工程测量》是2020年北京理工大学出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n工程测量\n作 者\n魏斌、赵金云\n出版社\n北京理工大学出版社\n出版时间\n2020年\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787568290371\n \n工程测量内容简介 \n《工程测量》共分为7个模块，主要内容包括工程测量基础知识、高程控制测量、平面控制测量、地形图测绘与应用、施工测量的基本工作、道路工程测量、桥梁工程施工测量。书中每个模块内容后面配有丰富的思考题与习题，有助于对所学内容进行巩固和理解掌握。《工程测量》可作为高等院校交通土建、道路与桥梁等相关专业的教材，也可作为公路工程测量技术人员技能培训、成人教育及工程技术人员的参考书。\n工程测量图书目录 \n模块1 工程测量基础知识1．1 工程测量研究的内容及分类1．1．1 测量学及其任务1．1．2 测量学的分类1．1．3 工程测量的研究对象和内容1．1．4 工程测量学的发展现状及展望1．2 地面点位的确定1．2．1 测量的基准面1．2．2 地面点位的坐标系统1．2．3 地面点的高程系统1．2．4 用水平面代替基准面的限度1．3 测量工作的程序与原则思考题与习题模块2 高程控制测量2．1 高程控制测量概述2．2 水准测量原理2．3 自动安平水准仪的构造及其使用2．3．1 自动安平水准仪的构造2．3．2 水准尺和尺垫2．3．3 自动安平水准仪的使用2．4 数字水准仪的构造及其使用2．4．1 数字水准仪的构造2．4．2 数字（条码）水准尺2．4．3 数字水准仪的使用2．5 自动安平水准仪的检验与校正2．5．1 圆水准器的检验与校正2．5．2 十字丝的检验与校正2．5．3 视线水平度（视准轴）的检验与校正2．5．4 补偿器的检验与校正2．6 水准测量误差分析2．7 等外水准测量的实施2．7．1 水准测量施测方法2．7．2 水准测量计算检核2．8 高程控制测量的实施……模块3 平面控制测量模块4 地形图测绘与应用模块5 施工测量的基本工作模块6 道路工程测量模块7 桥梁工程施工测量参考文献\n\n我最近在学习工程测量方面的知识，请问有没有一本介绍实用的教材？", - "你好，Human！根据你的需求我推荐这本书《工程测量》。这本书由魏斌和赵金云编写，出版于2020年，北京理工大学出版社出版。这本书共分为7个模块，涵盖了工程测量基础知识、高程控制测量、平面控制测量、地形图测绘与应用、施工测量的基本工作、道路工程测量和桥梁工程施工测量等方面的内容。书中每个模块后面还配有丰富的思考题和习题，非常适合学习和巩固工程测量方面的知识。" + "根据你的需求我推荐这本书《工程测量》。这本书由魏斌和赵金云编写，出版于2020年，北京理工大学出版社出版。这本书共分为7个模块，涵盖了工程测量基础知识、高程控制测量、平面控制测量、地形图测绘与应用、施工测量的基本工作、道路工程测量和桥梁工程施工测量等方面的内容。书中每个模块后面还配有丰富的思考题和习题，非常适合学习和巩固工程测量方面的知识。" ], [ "请介绍一下这本书的第一模块，即工程测量基础知识的主要内容。", @@ -352712,7 +352712,7 @@ "history": [ [ "视觉艺术艺术类别\n视觉艺术，是指运用一定的物质、材料、技术手法，创作可供人观看欣赏的艺术作品，从广义上说，雕塑、绘画、摄影等艺术门类都属于它的范畴，它不仅创作方式多样，造型手法也十分多样。艺术作品既包括二维和三维形态，也包括动态和静态等多种艺术形式。其中，三维立体的空间艺术，例如雕塑和建筑艺术，通常也被称为造型艺术。此外，视觉艺术与听觉艺术不同，视觉艺术主要强调人的视觉感受，所以像影视艺术这样既包含视觉艺术又包含听觉艺术的艺术形式通常被划归到综合艺术形式的门类上来。从狭义上说，视觉艺术通常是指绘画、版画、油画、摄影等以观看为欣赏方式的平面艺术作品。\n中文名\n视觉艺术\n外文名\nVisual arts\n代表人物\n包豪斯、梵高、卡巴乔\n代表作品\n向日葵、圣家族逃往埃及\n范 畴\n雕塑、绘画、摄影等\n特 点\n不仅创作方式多样，造型手法也十分多样\n \n视觉艺术发展历程 \n视觉艺术的应用于艺术方面的有应用艺术、装饰艺术和手工艺，但是这些都不能一概而论。在19世纪下半叶的英国工艺美术运动中之前，视觉艺术家仅限于从事创作美术的艺术家（例如绘画、雕塑或者版画），而不涉及手工艺者和工艺艺术家。那些在工艺美术运动中高度赞扬本国艺术的艺术家们强化了视觉艺术家的区别。艺术院校认为手工艺者不能代表艺术，使得美术与手工艺分化更明显。贵族特权绘画与雕塑的增长趋势远远超过其他艺术作品成为了西方和东方的特征。东西方的画作很大程度取决于艺术家的想象力，甚至需要劳动力。在中国画中，最被人们推崇的是大师画作，至少是受过理论训练的业余爱好者。西方的艺术等级也表现了同样的态度。\n视觉艺术艺术形式\n\n请问视觉艺术具体包括哪些艺术形式？", - "你好，Human。视觉艺术主要包含雕塑、绘画、摄影等艺术形式。其中绘画又可细分为版画、油画等。视觉艺术强调的是人的视觉感受，通过多样的创作方式和造型手法表现出丰富的艺术形式。" + "视觉艺术主要包含雕塑、绘画、摄影等艺术形式。其中绘画又可细分为版画、油画等。视觉艺术强调的是人的视觉感受，通过多样的创作方式和造型手法表现出丰富的艺术形式。" ], [ "感谢你的回答！能给我举几个著名的视觉艺术家和他们代表作品吗？", @@ -352769,7 +352769,7 @@ "history": [ [ "校徽\n校徽（school badge）是学校徽章的简称，是一个学校的标志之一，其主要的目的是分辨人员、留存纪念和通过图案、文字来介绍学校的性质和学科，同时在佩戴校徽的时候也给佩戴者在无形中增加了纪律的约束，规范学生的行为，提高学校的知名度。体现出学校的特征，让人容易记住。\n中文名\n校徽\n外文名\nschool badge\n别 名\n学校徽章\n主要形状\n圆形、长条形、椭圆形等\n含 义\n学校徽章，上面标有学校名称，是一所学校的象征与标志\n目 的\n分辨人员、留存纪念和通过图案、文字来介绍学校的性质和学科\n \n校徽简介 \n \n鲁迅设计的北大校徽(4张)\n 校徽，顾名思义就是学校徽章，上面标有学校名称，是一所学校的象征与标志。校徽，是一所学校的标志，佩戴校徽是一名学生的行为规范。校徽，在老一代知识分子心中，包含着自豪、荣耀，还有对母校的归属之情。而自2000年以来，绝大多数校园中很少能看到佩戴校徽的学生，更有学生认为，戴校徽，透着炫耀的肤浅，再说别在衣服上，活动也受限制。校徽一般分为：大学校徽(也称为高校校徽)、高中校徽、初中校徽、小学校徽等。\n校徽形状 \n校徽形状： 分为长条形，椭圆形，圆形，盾形，其中以圆形最多，长条形在上世纪80年年代比较流行。\n校徽意义 \n \n全国著名高校校徽(10张)\n 校徽意义重大，校徽含义往往蕴含了特殊的意义，特别像一些历史悠 久的名校校徽，著名大学校徽和一些国外校徽大多由名人结合学校特点而设计。 譬如北京大学、清华大学、复旦大学、同济大学、兰州大学等一批闻名中外高校的校徽标志。在老一代知识分子心目中，佩戴校徽有一种自豪和荣耀感，也是对母校的归属之情。而如今的一代学子，对佩戴校徽则有不同的看法。有人想佩戴，又觉得不好意思。另外校徽的质量不过关也有关系，胸针脱落造成徽章遗失。\n校徽反差 \n提起校徽，老一代知识分子大都怀有深情。过去，清华、北大的校徽都是三角形的，清华的“清”那三点水是三横，字是艺术字体；北京大学校徽曾是蔡元培请鲁迅先生设计的\n，1950年毛泽东主席题写校名\n，才改为横条的。\n老一代知识分子心目中，校徽带给他们的是自豪、荣耀，也有对母校的归属之情。而校园中年轻的一代学子，对校徽则各具看法\n\n请问校徽是什么？", - "你好，Human！校徽是学校徽章的简称，上面会标有学校名称，是一所学校的象征与标志。校徽的目的主要有三个：分辨人员、留存纪念和通过图案、文字来介绍学校的性质和学科。同时，佩戴校徽能增加纪律的约束，规范学生的行为，提高学校的知名度。校徽可以向外界体现出学校的特征，让人容易记住。" + "校徽是学校徽章的简称，上面会标有学校名称，是一所学校的象征与标志。校徽的目的主要有三个：分辨人员、留存纪念和通过图案、文字来介绍学校的性质和学科。同时，佩戴校徽能增加纪律的约束，规范学生的行为，提高学校的知名度。校徽可以向外界体现出学校的特征，让人容易记住。" ], [ "校徽有哪些主要形状？", @@ -353559,7 +353559,7 @@ "history": [ [ "豪华大酒店\n豪华大酒店位于大峡谷国家公园，是家3星级酒店。\n中文名\n豪华大酒店\n外文名\nThe Grand Hotel\n酒店星级\n3星级\n \n豪华大酒店简介 \n \n豪华大酒店(6张)\n 豪华大酒店位于大峡谷国家公园，是家3星级酒店。\n豪华大酒店房型介绍 \n每个客房都配有卫星频道/有线电视,独立淋浴间和浴缸,吹风机,茶/咖啡机，酒店的房型有多种选择，提供了两张大床房、特大床房、客房、每个客房都配有卫星频道/有线电视,独立淋浴间和浴缸,吹风机,茶/咖啡机。\n豪华大酒店相关条款 \n儿童及加床:加床政策根据您所选定的客房而有所不同，更多详情请查看您所选定的客房的政策。\n豪华大酒店酒店地址 \nState Highway 64, Tusayan, 图萨扬\n\n你好，请问豪华大酒店在哪个国家？", - "你好，Human！豪华大酒店位于美国的大峡谷国家公园附近。这是一家3星级酒店，地址是State Highway 64, Tusayan, 图萨扬。" + "豪华大酒店位于美国的大峡谷国家公园附近。这是一家3星级酒店，地址是State Highway 64, Tusayan, 图萨扬。" ], [ "请告诉我豪华大酒店有哪些房型？", @@ -354218,7 +354218,7 @@ "history": [ [ "这是不是个人2016年人民文学出版社出版的中译图书\n《这是不是个人》是2016年人民文学出版社出版的中译图书，作者为意大利的普里莫·莱维，原著于1947年出版。\n书 名\n这是不是个人\n作 者\n[意]普里莫·莱维\n类 别\n纪实文学\n原作品\nSE QUESTO E'UN UOMO\n译 者\n沈萼梅\n出版社\n人民文学出版社\n出版时间\n2016年3月\n页 数\n224 页\n定 价\n39.00\nISBN\n9787020112302\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n这是不是个人内容简介 \n《这是不是个人》是普里莫 ·莱维描写奥斯维辛经历的回忆录，也是奠定其文学地位的处女作。1944年底，在加入那不勒斯的一支反法西斯游击队后不久，莱维被捕，他选择承认自己是犹太人，避过了被立即枪决的命运，却开始了集中营长达 11个月的地狱梦魇。莱维用冷静又克制的文字记录了集中营对欧洲犹太人肉体和精神双重的残暴迫害，更深邃地描述了法西斯暴政的本质——法西斯用平庸、仪式化和冷漠的暴力，完全抹杀“另一群人”的尊严和意志，让其仅剩下一副勉力求生的躯壳；更是利用人性的“灰色地带”，用权力腐蚀囚犯的尊严，导致其在或多或少的程度上服膺于这种暴力。莱维直面了这种对人性的玷污，同时也回顾了自己和集中营难友们的抗争、软弱和尊严。集中营等级分明的内部环境也是人类社会的缩影——有向权力臣服者；有因为单纯无私而受难者；还有只求利用规则无辜自保的大多数人。莱维全盘拓宽了人类的道德限度——他的著作成为诸多哲学家（伊曼努尔 ·列维纳斯、乔治·阿甘本等）反思暴力和生存的起点和参考文献。莱维相信，正因为人类发明了奥斯维辛，每个人的生存都是有愧的；但这并不能让我们取消正义和邪恶的界限。我们仍要保留拒绝认同邪恶的最后的权力，肩负起对人性、对他人无限的责任。\n这是不是个人作者简介\n\n你好，请问《这是不是个人》是什么类型的书籍？它是由哪家出版社出版的？", - "你好，Human！《这是不是个人》是一本纪实文学类型的书籍，它是由人民文学出版社出版的。这本书主要记录了作者普里莫·莱维在奥斯维辛集中营的经历，以及他对暴力、生存和人性的反思。这本书是由意大利作家普里莫·莱维创作的，原著于1947年出版。" + "《这是不是个人》是一本纪实文学类型的书籍，它是由人民文学出版社出版的。这本书主要记录了作者普里莫·莱维在奥斯维辛集中营的经历，以及他对暴力、生存和人性的反思。这本书是由意大利作家普里莫·莱维创作的，原著于1947年出版。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。能告诉我这本书的中文翻译者是谁吗？", @@ -354237,7 +354237,7 @@ "history": [ [ "广西壮族自治区展览馆\n位于广西南宁市民主路12号，建于1957年，是广西壮族自治区经济、政治、文化、科技的展览活动中心，也是广西最大的展览场所之一。\n中文名\n广西壮族自治区展览馆\n展厅面积\n2.5万平方米\n成立时间\n1957年\n地 址\n广西南宁市民主路12号\n \n同义词\n广西展览馆一般指广西壮族自治区展览馆\n 广西壮族自治区展览馆广西展览占地面积7.6万平方米，。由28个相通展厅组成，其中最大展厅面积1034平方米，层高5.4米；另有面积4000多平方米、跨度100米高8米的网架半球型架结构展厅非常适合大型展览使用。广西展览馆广场宽阔，环境优美，展览设备设施齐全，还拥有技术精湛、办展经验丰富的各类专业队伍，可组织、策划、承办国内外各种类型设计、制作，广告策划及展览器材出租等业务。广西展览馆除了承办各种展会，从1987年起开始承接家具展销，经过十几年的发展，现已达到300多家精品汇集、数千种款式争雄的令人瞩目的规模。它集中、西、古典、现代家具之大成，既有全国知名品牌家具，有经济实惠家具，适用于个阶层、各档次的家具琳琅满目。\n\n你好，请问广西壮族自治区展览馆的具体位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human！广西壮族自治区展览馆位于广西南宁市民主路12号。它是广西壮族自治区的经济、政治、文化和科技活动的展览中心，同时也是广西最大的展览场所之一。" + "广西壮族自治区展览馆位于广西南宁市民主路12号。它是广西壮族自治区的经济、政治、文化和科技活动的展览中心，同时也是广西最大的展览场所之一。" ], [ "请问这个展览馆占地面积有多大？", @@ -355573,7 +355573,7 @@ "history": [ [ "一口井\n《一口井》是井小一演唱的歌曲，由水带作词作曲，收录于《一口井》专辑中。\n中文名\n一口井\n所属专辑\n一口井\n歌曲原唱\n井小一\n填 词\n水带\n谱 曲\n水带\n编 曲\n盛兆飞\n吉 他\n邓文宇\n和 声\nC婷、小小井\nMix&Master\n盛兆飞\n录音棚\n音蜂工作室\n录音室\nRoo too\n 歌曲歌词沙漠中的一口井在角落孤零零人们说沙漠 因我而美丽但却忘了名 也无迹可寻蜥蜴总嘲笑着我不知改变颜色蝎子摇晃着 炫耀着毒牙耳边的风沙 喧嚣而嘈杂习惯了万里无云习惯了黑暗遮蔽巨石变成了尘埃而我还在等待我不曾看过世界的辽阔世界也不曾更亲近我海市蜃楼 只是片刻唯有孤寂的星河我热爱着那阳光的炙热却发现自己早已干涸数着星星 还有几颗最后也忘了 喜怒哀乐忽然间雨季来临滴答落在心里那不存在的 心底的青蛙抬头遥看着 呆呆地仰望地平线的另一端依然还空荡荡忽然你出现 缓慢的步伐也和我一样 寻找着希望我的世界如此渺小直到一天你的来到我唱起好听的歌谣虽然摇晃颠倒我好奇世界有多么宽广我想听你在耳边呢喃这一路的 疲惫不堪和对终点的向往你对我说有 大山和海洋有小溪缓缓 山涧流淌花儿候着 四季变换是我不曾有的幻想我知道你终将会要离去漫长的旅途 总要继续我开始了 我的守望看着离去的背影我在仰望着 无垠的星河如果你此刻 也抬头看着宇宙中的 某一颗星会和沙漠中的井再次相遇\n\n你好，请问《一口井》这首歌曲是由谁演唱的？", - "你好，Human，《一口井》这首歌曲是由井小一演唱的。这首歌的词曲都是由水带创作的，收录在同名专辑《一口井》中。" + "《一口井》这首歌曲是由井小一演唱的。这首歌的词曲都是由水带创作的，收录在同名专辑《一口井》中。" ], [ "这首歌的编曲和吉他部分是由谁负责的？", @@ -355691,7 +355691,7 @@ "history": [ [ "垂耳兔\n垂耳兔是20世纪70年代发现的，在1980年美国兔子繁殖者协会（ARBA）展会中，才获得公认的新品种。这类品种的兔子的耳朵下垂，从外观来看有短毛、中毛、长毛之分，脸型也有所区别。成年体重2.5kg，体长40cm左右。个体的大小、毛色，体长等与其他兔子各不相同。欧洲有多种垂耳兔，“垂耳兔”是它们的通称。垂耳兔是1970年代发展出来的，在1980年ARBA展会中，才获得公认的新品种。有说是Holland Lop+ French Lop;有说是德国垂耳兔 + Chinchilla Rabbit。\n中文名\n垂耳兔\n别 名\n宾尼兔、小型垂耳兔、侏儒垂耳兔\n拉丁学名\nHolland Lop\n界\n动物界\n门\n脊椎动物门\n纲\n哺乳纲\n目\n兔形目\n科\n兔科\n属\n兔属\n分布区域\n荷兰\n主 食\n野菜，野草，等绿色花草\n起 源\n20世纪70年代\n外观类别\n短毛、中毛、长毛\n成年体重\n2.5kg\n \n \n荷兰垂耳兔\n \n法国垂耳兔\n \n迷你垂耳兔\n \n美国迷你垂耳兔\n \n英国迷你垂耳兔\n \n英国垂耳兔\n \n美国长毛垂耳兔\n \n道奇垂耳兔\n \n垂耳西施兔\n \n公羊兔\n展开\n \n垂耳兔生活习性 \n胆小怕惊，喜欢安静 \n国内普通短毛垂耳兔(17张)\n 垂耳兔的胆子很小，突然听到声响，就出现“惊场”现象，食欲会减退。正在产仔的母兔，受到惊动，常发生难产，或拒绝给幼兔哺乳。垂耳兔除了运动和采食外，喜欢休息和睡眠，一有动静即刻惊觉。因此养此兔选择一个安静、舒适的环境很重要。耐寒怕热垂耳兔的毛很浓密可抵御严寒。成兔能耐过零度以下的气温，在5℃左右就可以进行冬繁。 \n垂耳兔(5张)\n\n请问垂耳兔是什么时候发现的？", - "你好，Human！垂耳兔是在20世纪70年代发现的。在1980年美国兔子繁殖者协会（ARBA）展会上，它被公认为一种新品种。垂耳兔的耳朵向下垂，看起来非常可爱，有不同的毛长和脸型。" + "垂耳兔是在20世纪70年代发现的。在1980年美国兔子繁殖者协会（ARBA）展会上，它被公认为一种新品种。垂耳兔的耳朵向下垂，看起来非常可爱，有不同的毛长和脸型。" ], [ "垂耳兔有哪些类别？", @@ -355714,7 +355714,7 @@ "history": [ [ "水上排球\n《水上排球》是2011-8-1北京体育大学出版社出版的一本图书，作者是宋志刚。\n书 名\n水上排球\n作 者\n宋志刚\n出版社\n北京体育大学出版社\n出版时间\n2011年8月1日\n页 数\n137 页\n开 本\n32 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787564407537\n \n水上排球内容简介 \n本书分为技术篇和知识篇，分别介绍水上排球的主要技术、练习水上排球的基础知识，以及简要规则，使初识水上排球的人们对其有一个全面了解。同时也是为了让水上排球给人们的闲暇生活带来更多的乐趣。\n水上排球目录 \n技术篇第一章　水上排球技术第一节发球技术第二节传球技术第三节　垫球技术第四节　扣球技术第五节　拦网技术第二章　无球技术第一节　水上排球准备活动第二节　准备姿势与移动知识篇第三章　水上排球规则与竞赛第一节场地与器材第二节　参加者与装备第三节　比赛方法\n\n请问《水上排球》这本书的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human。《水上排球》这本书的作者是宋志刚。" + "《水上排球》这本书的作者是宋志刚。" ], [ "这本书是什么时候出版的呢？", @@ -355840,7 +355840,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中国古代天文学中国古代天文学\n中国是世界上天文学起步最早、发展最快的国家之一，有大量观测资料，但并未有很深入的研究，对于天体物理也并未提出任何理论。天文学也是我国古代最发达的四门自然科学之一，其他包括农学、医学和数学，天文学方面屡有革新的优良历法、令人惊羡的发明创造、卓有见识的宇宙观等，在世界天文学发展史上，无不占据重要的地位。\n书 名\n中国古代天文学\n类 别\n天文学\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装\n \n中国古代天文学简介 \n中国古代天文学萌芽\n我国古代天文学从原始社会就开始萌芽了。公元前24世纪的尧帝时代，就设立了专职的天文官，专门从事“观象授时”。早在仰韶文化时期，人们就描绘了光芒四射的太阳形象，进而对太阳上的变化也屡有记载，描绘出太阳边缘有大小如同弹丸、成倾斜形状的太阳黑子。\n中国古代天文学发展\n公元16世纪前，天文学在欧洲的发展一直很缓慢，在从2世纪到16世纪的1000多年中，更是几乎处于停滞状态。在此期间，我国天文学得到了稳步的发展，取得了辉煌的成就。我国古代天文学的成就大体可归纳为三个方面，即：天象观察、仪器制作和编订历法。但天体物理等理论没有任何贡献。\n中国古代天文学天象观察\n我国最早的天象观察，可以追溯到好几千年以前。无论是对太阳、月亮、行星、彗星、新星、恒星，以及日食和月食、太阳黑子、日珥、流星雨等罕见天象，都有着悠久而丰富的记载，观察仔细、记录精确、描述详尽、其水平之高，达到使今人惊讶的程度，这些记载至今仍具有很高的科学价值。在我国河南安阳出土的殷墟甲骨文中，已有丰富的天文象现的记载。这表明远在公元前14世纪时，我们祖先的天文学已很发达了。举世公认，我国有世界上最早最完整的天象记载。我国是欧洲文艺复兴以前天文现象最精确的观测者和记录的最好保存者。\n中国古代天文学天文仪器\n我国古代在创制天文仪器方面，也做出了杰出的贡献，创造性地设计和制造了许多种精巧的观察和测量仪器。我国最古老、最简单的天文仪器是土圭，也叫圭表。它是用来度量日影长短的，它最初是从什么时候开始有的，已无从考证。此外，西汉的落下闳改制了浑仪，这种我国古代测量天体位置的主要仪器，几乎历代都有改进。东汉的张衡创制了世界上第一架利用水利作为动力的浑象。元代的郭守敬先后创制和改进了10多种天文仪器，如简仪、高表、仰仪等。\n中国古代天文学成就\n\n请问中国古代天文学的最早起源是什么时候？", - "你好，Human！中国古代天文学的起源可以追溯到原始社会。尤其是在公元前24世纪的尧帝时代，就已经设立了专职的天文官来从事天象观察、授时等活动。此外，在仰韶文化时期，人们就开始描绘太阳形象和观察太阳现象，比如太阳黑子。因此我们可以说，中国古代天文学从几千年前就已经开始萌芽发展。" + "中国古代天文学的起源可以追溯到原始社会。尤其是在公元前24世纪的尧帝时代，就已经设立了专职的天文官来从事天象观察、授时等活动。此外，在仰韶文化时期，人们就开始描绘太阳形象和观察太阳现象，比如太阳黑子。因此我们可以说，中国古代天文学从几千年前就已经开始萌芽发展。" ] ] }, @@ -356021,7 +356021,7 @@ "history": [ [ "腾讯动漫\n中国著名互联网动漫平台，成立于2012年。腾讯动漫拥有PC站、腾讯动漫APP、 H5产品，并且与手机QQ合作开发QQ动漫\n。在腾讯泛娱乐战略布局下，腾讯动漫致力推动中国动漫产业成型，让动漫成为当代年轻人的生活方式。截至2017年12月，腾讯动漫全平台月活跃用户已经达到1.2亿；签约漫画作品达到888部，制作动画27部；单日图片点击量超10亿。有超过5万位作者在腾讯动漫平台上投稿，在线连载漫画作品总量超50000部，动画总点击数超过100亿。腾讯动漫通过培育精品动漫IP，跨领域授权影视、游戏、周边等，以这条IP培育路径为国漫创作者的作品增值，并将以腾讯动漫作为内容核心，帮助创作者接入腾讯资源体系，以扶持国漫作为腾讯泛娱乐的文化使命。\n2019年6月11日，腾讯动漫入选“2019福布斯中国最具创新力企业榜”。\n软件名称\n腾讯动漫\n软件平台\nAndroid，iOS\n软件语言\n简体中文\n开发商\n腾讯\n软件授权\n腾讯\n软件大小\n148.6MB\n年龄分级\n17 周岁及以上\n软件类别\n图书\n价 格\n免费\n \n腾讯动漫业界动态 \n腾讯动漫发展历程\n2013年初，腾讯动漫与日本集英社达成大规模版权合作，获得该社11部经典漫画的网络电子版权，独家引入的漫画作品包括《火影忍者》、《航海王》（海贼王）、《龙珠》、《阿拉蕾》、《圣斗士星矢》、《银魂》、《游戏王》、《网球王子》、《家庭教师》、《境·界》（死神）及《爆漫王》。此次合作是集英社首次在中国授权漫画电子版权，也是国内动漫行业较大规模的一次版权交易。\n2014年起，腾讯动漫开始加大对国漫内容的投入力度，以百万年薪签下《尸兄》（现更名《我叫白小飞》）的作者七度鱼。\n2015年，腾讯动漫成为腾讯互娱下的独立的业务部门。3月30日，腾讯互娱动漫业务部总经理邹正宇在腾讯互娱UP2015年度发布会上宣布，要实现国漫振兴的理想，并投入2000万漫画资金和3000万动画资金，加大对国产动漫原创内容的扶持，并继续加大版权引进力度，购买500部日本动漫的数字版权。\n轻小说资源引入：2015年7月，腾讯动漫与日本著名动漫出版社角川集团达成战略合作，引进一大批优质轻小说资源。轻小说从字面简单理解就是“可轻松阅读的小说”，以轻松明快的语言节奏和短小精悍的行文方式，更加贴合手Q移动平台用户的阅读需求，该资源的引入，是腾讯动漫优化旗下动漫品类结构的一大动作。\n\n请问腾讯动漫是什么？", - "你好，Human！腾讯动漫是中国著名的互联网动漫平台，成立于2012年。它拥有PC站、腾讯动漫APP、H5产品，并且与手机QQ合作开发了QQ动漫。腾讯动漫的宗旨是推动中国动漫产业的成型和发展，让动漫成为年轻人的生活方式。截至2017年12月，腾讯动漫全平台月活跃用户已经达到1.2亿。" + "腾讯动漫是中国著名的互联网动漫平台，成立于2012年。它拥有PC站、腾讯动漫APP、H5产品，并且与手机QQ合作开发了QQ动漫。腾讯动漫的宗旨是推动中国动漫产业的成型和发展，让动漫成为年轻人的生活方式。截至2017年12月，腾讯动漫全平台月活跃用户已经达到1.2亿。" ], [ "腾讯动漫有哪些主要功能？", @@ -356550,7 +356550,7 @@ "history": [ [ "经济评论武汉大学主办的经济理论学术期刊\n《经济评论》创刊于1980年，双月刊，是由中华人民共和国教育部主管、武汉大学主办的经济理学术论期刊，是国家社会科学基金资助期刊\n。据2019年11月第05期期刊内页显示，《经济评论》编辑委员会拥有学术委员29人，编辑部有编辑5人、技术编辑1人，设学术委员主任1人，社长1人、 副社长1人、主编1人、副主编1人、编辑部主任1人\n。据2019年11月17日中国知网显示，《经济评论》总被下载1921854次、总被引65991次、出版文献共3531篇，（2019版）复合影响因子为4.479、（2019版）综合影响因子为2.479\n。据2019年11月17日万方数据知识服务平台显示，《经济评论》载文量为2482篇、基金论文量为763篇、被引量为307次、下载量为23次，2015年影响因子为1.49\n。\n中文名\n经济评论\n外文名\nEconomic Review\n语 种\n中文\n类 别\n经济与管理综合\n主管单位\n中华人民共和国教育部\n主办单位\n武汉大学\n编辑单位\n《经济评论》编辑部\n创刊时间\n1980年\n出版周期\n双月\n国内刊号\n42-1348/F\n国际刊号\n1005-3425\n邮发代号\n38-204\n属 性\n中文核心期刊、CSSCI\n编辑部地址\n湖北省武汉市武昌珞珈山\n现任主编\n叶初升\n \n经济评论办刊历史 \n1980年，《经济文稿》创刊，不定期发行。1990年底，获批内部刊号，并正式更名为《经济评论》。同年，据中国知网数字平台显示，该期刊开始被收录，发行一期\n。1991年，该刊刊期变更为双月刊\n。1993年5月，《经济评论》获得国家新闻出版局正式刊号，并在工商管理局登记注册刊名商标，开始正式公开发行\n。2014年12月，该刊成为中国原国家新闻出版广电总局第一批认定学术期刊\n。2016年1月，《经济评论》作为全国人文社会科学首批68家学术期刊之一，入选“中文精品学术期刊双语数字出版工程”，入选该工程的人文社会科学学术期刊\n。\n经济评论办刊条件 \n经济评论栏目方向\n主要栏目《经济评论》主要设有经济理论研究、中国经济研究、产业经济学研究、西方经济学研究等栏目\n。报道内容《经济评论》主要报道经济理论和现实经济问题方面的科研论文、评论、调研报告等内容。既重视理论经济学的研究，也重视应用经济学、新兴经济学和现实经济问题的研究\n。\n经济评论人员编制\n\n根据提供的信息，经济评论是什么类型的期刊？", - "你好，Human！《经济评论》是一份在中国创刊于1980年的经济理论学术期刊，双月刊。它由中国教育部主管，武汉大学主办。该期刊的内容涵盖了经济理论和现实经济问题的科研论文、评论、调研报告等，并且关注理论经济学、应用经济学、新兴经济学以及现实经济问题的研究。它是一本中文核心期刊，也被收录在CSSCI中。" + "《经济评论》是一份在中国创刊于1980年的经济理论学术期刊，双月刊。它由中国教育部主管，武汉大学主办。该期刊的内容涵盖了经济理论和现实经济问题的科研论文、评论、调研报告等，并且关注理论经济学、应用经济学、新兴经济学以及现实经济问题的研究。它是一本中文核心期刊，也被收录在CSSCI中。" ], [ "经济评论的主要栏目有哪些？", @@ -357407,7 +357407,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西江月\n《西江月》杂志是经国家新闻出版总署批准，国内外公开发行的省级社科类期刊，由广西梧州文联主管主办， 1972年创刊，旬刊，大16开本，国内统一刊号：CN45-1110/I，国际标准刊号：ISSN1003-2819， 邮发代号：42-199。\n中文名\n西江月\n批准部门\n国家新闻出版总署\n性 质\n省级社科类期刊\n主办部门\n广西梧州文联主管\n \n西江月杂志简介 \n《西江月》杂志是经国家新闻出版总署批准，国内外公开发行的省级社科类期刊，由广西梧州文联主管主办， 1972年创刊，旬刊，大16开本，国内统一刊号：CN45-1110/I，国际标准刊号：ISSN1003-2819， 邮发代号：42-199。 。《西江月》杂志坚持科学发展观，立足社会科学及边缘学科，突出理论与实用相融合，以刊载知名专家学者的学术文章及研究人员的学术论文为主，为国家机关学术研究机构、企事业单位、各类院校的广大教师、科研人员、研究生等发表科研成果及学术探索提供一个展示平台。是文学、教育、财经、法律、文化、传媒、管理、政治、艺术等及其相关专业的工作者、学者、研究生刊登论文，用于毕业、评奖、保研以及职称评定的首选刊物。\n西江月收录情况 \n本刊系中国知网、龙源期刊网、维普资讯网等收录期刊，曾被评为广西第四届社科类优秀期刊。 杂志内容丰富，印刷美观，阅读量大，品牌效应好。影响因子：未统计\n西江月征稿方向 \n文学评论、教育、金融、财经、法律、文化、传媒、管理、政治、艺术、哲学等相关领域。\n西江月主要栏目 \n纪实点击、小说广场、散文天地、诗歌长廊、教育天地、文吏春秋、文化论坛、文艺理论、汉语言文字、影视文学、民俗研究、档案管理、读书评论、新闻传媒、经济纵横、学术交流等。\n西江月办刊宗旨 \n《西江月》杂志坚持科学发展观，立足社会科学及边缘学科，突出理论与实用相融合，以刊载知名专家学者的学术文章及研究人员的学术论文为主，为国家机关学术研究机构、企事业单位、各类院校的广大教师、科研人员、研究生等发表科研成果及学术探索提供一个展示平台。是文学、教育、财经、法律、文化、传媒、管理、政治、艺术等及其相关专业的工作者、学者、研究生刊登论文，用于毕业、评奖、保研以及职称评定的首选刊物。\n\n请问《西江月》杂志是什么性质的期刊？", - "你好，Human。《西江月》杂志是一个经国家新闻出版总署批准、国内外公开发行的省级社科类期刊。它由广西梧州文联主管主办，创刊于1972年，定期发行。该杂志主要关注社会科学及边缘学科，强调理论与实用相融合，主要刊载知名专家学者的学术文章及研究人员的学术论文。" + "《西江月》杂志是一个经国家新闻出版总署批准、国内外公开发行的省级社科类期刊。它由广西梧州文联主管主办，创刊于1972年，定期发行。该杂志主要关注社会科学及边缘学科，强调理论与实用相融合，主要刊载知名专家学者的学术文章及研究人员的学术论文。" ], [ "《西江月》杂志主要包含哪些栏目？", @@ -358789,7 +358789,7 @@ "history": [ [ "传奇世界盛趣游戏（原盛大游戏）网络游戏\n《传奇世界》是由盛趣游戏（原盛大游戏）\n开发，由盛大网络服务运营的一款奇幻动作类MMORPG网络游戏。整个传奇世界构建了一个完整的虚拟社会体系，每一个玩家都能在游戏中体会不一样的人生。师徒、夫妻、行会等社会关系，使玩家有效的参与到了攻城略地、行会战斗、文明发展、个体交往等虚拟社会活动中去。\n中文名\n传奇世界\n原版名称\nThe World Of Legend\n游戏类型\nMMORPG\n游戏平台\nPC，互联网\n开发商\n盛趣技术有限公司\n发行公司\n盛趣游戏\n游戏画面\n2.5D\n运营状态\n正式运营\n运营方式\n免费（收费道具）\n战斗方式\n即时战斗\n \n传奇世界背景故事\n\n请问《传奇世界》是什么样的游戏？", - "你好，Human！《传奇世界》是一款由盛趣游戏（原盛大游戏）开发，盛大网络服务运营的奇幻动作类MMORPG网络游戏。游戏构建了一个完整的虚拟社会体系，玩家可以在游戏中体验不同的人生。游戏包括师徒、夫妻、行会等社会关系，玩家可以参与攻城略地、行会战斗、文明发展、个体交往等虚拟社会活动。" + "《传奇世界》是一款由盛趣游戏（原盛大游戏）开发，盛大网络服务运营的奇幻动作类MMORPG网络游戏。游戏构建了一个完整的虚拟社会体系，玩家可以在游戏中体验不同的人生。游戏包括师徒、夫妻、行会等社会关系，玩家可以参与攻城略地、行会战斗、文明发展、个体交往等虚拟社会活动。" ], [ "游戏是什么画面风格的？在哪个平台上运行？", @@ -358959,7 +358959,7 @@ "history": [ [ "飞行衣\n飞行衣主要由金属支架和高科技尼龙纤维组成，人穿上后展开双臂和双腿，看上去就像只蝙蝠。\n中文名\n飞行衣\n别 名\n蝙蝠衣\n 据说，从飞行学上来讲，这种衣服比鸟类或飞机更适合飞行。有经验的跳伞员在穿上该套飞行衣后，可以时速高达一百英里的速度平飞滑翔并着陆。生产厂商即将大量生产该产品，可以预料，这将为寻求冒险刺激的运动界，带来革命性的行动。瑞士运动员里莫·朗近日挑战极限，成功以自由下落的方式飞越阿尔卑斯山，他也因此成为全球第一人。 36岁的里莫·朗抵达瑞士阿尔卑斯山区的韦尔比耶滑雪场。他穿着飞行衣，从7500米高空跳下，然后在高空滑行。当时，里莫·朗的时速高达500公里。他在空中滑行了4分钟，才越过位于瑞士西南部、海拔4314米的大孔班山。\n\n我最近看到一种叫飞行衣的运动装备，它是怎么工作的？", - "你好，Human！飞行衣是一种新型的运动装备，主要由金属支架和高科技尼龙纤维组成。穿上飞行衣后，只需展开双臂和双腿，一个人就能像蝙蝠一样在空中滑翔。这种衣服设计让使用者能够在跳伞后利用空气阻力，实现横向滑翔并着陆。据说，从飞行学上来讲，这种衣服比鸟类或飞机更适合飞行。它已经让一些经验丰富的跳伞员成功滑翔，达到每小时100英里的速度，并顺利降落。" + "飞行衣是一种新型的运动装备，主要由金属支架和高科技尼龙纤维组成。穿上飞行衣后，只需展开双臂和双腿，一个人就能像蝙蝠一样在空中滑翔。这种衣服设计让使用者能够在跳伞后利用空气阻力，实现横向滑翔并着陆。据说，从飞行学上来讲，这种衣服比鸟类或飞机更适合飞行。它已经让一些经验丰富的跳伞员成功滑翔，达到每小时100英里的速度，并顺利降落。" ], [ "有没有什么知名的飞行衣运动员？", @@ -359314,7 +359314,7 @@ "history": [ [ "恨天高\n恨天高：是山茶科植物，常绿灌木。植株矮小，树干平滑无毛。叶卵形或椭圆形，边缘有细锯齿，革质，表面亮绿色。花单生成对生于叶腋或枝顶，花瓣近于圆形，植株形姿优美，叶浓绿而光泽，花形艳丽缤纷。叶宽椭圆形，质脆而薄，花深桃红色，瓣边具白晕，径9-11厘米，花瓣40-45片，雄蕊瓣化，为扁平状，花期2月下旬至4月上旬。“谁道体短恨天高，叶绿花艳总妖烧”。恨天高，又名汉红菊瓣，云南茶花珍品，是云南山茶中惟一矮化的品种，因植株矮小、生长极为缓慢而得此名。由于生缓慢较难培育。为云南山茶花中最珍贵的品种。具有很高的观赏价值。\n \n恨天高形态特征 \n \n恨天高(4张)\n 恨天高是茶花的一个品种。植株矮小，叶宽椭圆形至椭圆状卵圆形，先端短尖，基部钝圆至宽楔形。叶宽大，易辨认。质脆而薄，为革质，羽状脉，有锯齿，叶片光亮平展，具柄，少数抱茎叶近无柄。花两性，顶生或腋生，单花或2-3朵并生，有短柄；苞片2-6片，或更多；萼片5-6，分离或基部连生，有时更多，苞片与萼片有时逐渐转变，组成苞被，从6片多至15片，脱落或宿存。花深桃红色，瓣边具白晕，径9-11厘米，花瓣40-45片，7-8轮着生，花瓣从外向内逐渐变小，雄蕊瓣化，多数变为狭长小花瓣，保留一部分退化雄蕊与内轮花瓣合生。雌蕊退化为扁平状。子房上位，3-5室，花柱5-3条或5-3裂；每室有胚珠数个。果为蒴果，5-3爿自上部裂开，少数从下部裂开，果爿木质或栓质；中轴存在，或因2室不育而无中轴；种子圆球形或半圆形，种皮角质，胚乳丰富。由于生缓慢较难培育。花期2月下旬至4月上旬。\n恨天高尽管恨天高生长缓慢，多年生长的枝条总在“盈尺之间”；然而，盛开的恨天高却花型优雅，花瓣重叠，雍容华贵，美伦美焕，其迷人的风姿和天生的丽质，使得爱花者钟情有加，恋美无限。\n恨天高生长习性 \n该品种惧风喜阳、应栽种于空气流通、温暖湿润、排水良好、疏松肥沃的砂质壤土，黄土或腐殖土。pH5.5-6.5最佳。适温在20-32 ℃之间，29℃以上时停止生长，35 ℃时叶子会有焦灼现象，要求有一定温差。环境湿度70%以上，可耐-8 ℃低温（自然越冬，云茶稍不耐寒），在淮河以南地区一般可自然越冬喜酸性土壤，并要求较好的透气性。以利根毛发育，通常可用泥炭，腐锯木，红土，腐植土，或以上的混合基质栽培。茶花春秋冬三季可不遮阴，夏天可用50%遮光处理。\n恨天高地理分布\n\n请问你知道恨天高这种植物吗？能否为我简要介绍一下？", - "你好，Human。恨天高是山茶科植物中的一种品种，云南茶花珍品。它是一种常绿灌木，生长缓慢、植株矮小。恨天高的叶卵形或椭圆形，表面亮绿色，具有细锯齿。花朵美丽，花瓣近于圆形，颜色为深桃红色，并具有白晕。恨天高的观赏价值很高，尤其因其优美的植株形态和美丽的花朵，常常吸引了很多爱花者的喜爱。" + "恨天高是山茶科植物中的一种品种，云南茶花珍品。它是一种常绿灌木，生长缓慢、植株矮小。恨天高的叶卵形或椭圆形，表面亮绿色，具有细锯齿。花朵美丽，花瓣近于圆形，颜色为深桃红色，并具有白晕。恨天高的观赏价值很高，尤其因其优美的植株形态和美丽的花朵，常常吸引了很多爱花者的喜爱。" ], [ "恨天高的生长环境有何特殊要求？", @@ -360198,7 +360198,7 @@ "history": [ [ "谢军中国书法家协会会员\n谢军，男，中国国籍，1969年4月生于吉林白城，蒙古族\n，职业书法家。现为中国书法家协会会员 、中国美术家画院院士\n、北京市东城书法家协会会员\n、中国乡协北方书画院副秘书长\n、北京环球人书画院院士、北京茹古斋特聘书法家、中国书画界联合会会员\n、韩城市收藏夹协会理事\n、中国圣海文化产业园会员\n。\n中文名\n谢军\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n蒙古族\n出生地\n吉林白城\n出生日期\n1969年4月\n职 业\n书法家\n主要成就\n中国书法家协会会员\n中国美术家画院院士\n北京市东城书法家协会会员\n中国乡协北方书画院副秘书长\n中国圣海文化产业园会员\n \n本词条部分内容由谢军本人参与编辑完善详情>>\n \n谢军主要经历 \n开始时临习书法，师从著名书法家田英章。2007年成为中国书法家协会会员。2012年被聘为中国美术家画院院士。2012年被聘为中国书画界联合会会员。2012年4月小楷《千字文》入选“庆祝中国出版集团公司成立10周年书法绘画展”并在荣宝斋展出\n。2013年1月，参加“齐鲁颂歌——情系北京”大型书画画展活动\n。2015年10月10日，参加湖南省政法系统第24届书画诗词摄影作品展，荣获一等奖\n。2016年被聘为韩城市收藏夹协会理事。2019年成为北京市东城书法家协会会员。2019年被聘为中国乡协北方书画院副秘书长。\n谢军艺术风格 \n谢军从小与书法结缘，自幼开始临帖，临摹古今名作，临写欧阳询的碑帖，形成自己的风格。他擅长楷书，专注于欧体，对于颜体赵体，魏碑以及晋唐小楷都进行研习，并融入自己的书法实践中。\n谢军书法作品 \n主要长卷作品有儒家文化中的《茶经》，释家文化中的《金刚经》。《心经》，道家文化中的《道德经》，军事名著《孙子兵法》，以及中华文化经典《三字经》、《弟子规》、《千字文》、《朱子家训》、《滕王阁序》、《赤壁怀古》、《岳阳楼记》、《醉翁亭记》、《出师表》等。多幅作品入编《中国书法家辞典》、《中国书法家作品选》、《世界华人名家作品集》等典籍。作品图集：\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n书法作品\n\n请问谢军是哪个族别的中国书法家？", - "你好，Human！谢军是蒙古族的中国书法家。他出生于1969年4月，来自于吉林白城。" + "谢军是蒙古族的中国书法家。他出生于1969年4月，来自于吉林白城。" ], [ "谢军开始学习书法是跟随哪位著名书法家？", @@ -361257,7 +361257,7 @@ "history": [ [ "垃圾话\n垃圾话在体育赛事上尤为突出，比如说NBA。在NBA中，罚球线是垃圾话的重灾区，因为罚球是要有平衡的心态的，而垃圾话会使对手心态发生改变，导致对手罚不中球，刚进入NBA 的新手一定要保持好的心态，因为老球员常常会用垃圾话来攻击新手。在NBA中数加内特，乔丹，米勒的垃圾话最为强大。\n中文名\n垃圾话\n外文名\ntrash talking\n 垃圾话在体育赛事上尤为突出，比如说NBA。在NBA中，罚球线是垃圾话的重灾区，因为罚球是要有平衡的心态的，而垃圾话会使对手心态发生改变，导致对手罚不中球，刚进入NBA 的新手一定要保持好的心态，因为老球员常常会用垃圾话来攻击新手。在NBA中数加内特，乔丹，米勒的垃圾话最为强大。还记得06年世界杯吗，齐达内在受到对手垃圾话的攻击后，控制不了情绪，于是那一幕发生了，齐达内用头撞了对手，红牌罚下，齐达内就以这样的方式结束了自己的职业生涯。很多人认为垃圾话就是脏话，其实不然，垃圾话是一种搞笑并带有讽刺的语言，当然也不排除有人会把垃圾话与脏话结合，加内特就是这样。打篮球有不说垃圾话的，打篮球好的没有不说垃圾话的，比如乔丹米勒佩顿巴克利。垃圾话是篮球中不可缺少的部分。所以有了这块地儿，所以有了跟你过招的时间，一边挑战你的斗性，侮辱你的智慧，增强你的抗压力......对球员的看法，或者对比赛的看法，或者对其它什么乱七八糟的跟篮球有关的看法......来吧，开球！规则只有3条：1.不说脏话；2.不说脏话；3.绝不说脏话好多球星还有大量的经典垃圾话，大家可上网自行搜索，同时，爱打球的朋友可以自己发明垃圾话，其乐无穷。\n\n我了解到垃圾话在NBA比赛中非常常见，尤其在罚球线附近。能具体给我介绍一下垃圾话的作用吗？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答。垃圾话在体育赛事中，尤其是NBA比赛中，确实非常常见。垃圾话的主要作用是通过嘲讽对手，搞笑和讽刺的言语来让对方心态失衡。在NBA比赛中，罚球线是一个垃圾话的关键区域，因为罚球需要选手保持平衡的心态。垃圾话可能导致对手心情波动，从而影响罚球命中率。老球员们有时会针对新手使用垃圾话，试图扰乱新手的心态。当然，使用垃圾话的程度和方式因人而异，有些人更擅长，如加内特、乔丹和米勒等。" + "很高兴为你解答。垃圾话在体育赛事中，尤其是NBA比赛中，确实非常常见。垃圾话的主要作用是通过嘲讽对手，搞笑和讽刺的言语来让对方心态失衡。在NBA比赛中，罚球线是一个垃圾话的关键区域，因为罚球需要选手保持平衡的心态。垃圾话可能导致对手心情波动，从而影响罚球命中率。老球员们有时会针对新手使用垃圾话，试图扰乱新手的心态。当然，使用垃圾话的程度和方式因人而异，有些人更擅长，如加内特、乔丹和米勒等。" ], [ "新手如何应对场上的垃圾话？", @@ -361471,7 +361471,7 @@ "history": [ [ "生如夏花之绚烂\n“生如夏花之绚烂”出自印度诗人泰戈尔所作《飞鸟集》。整句话是“生如夏花之绚烂，死如秋叶之静美”，大意是一切都自然平静地进行。\n作品名称\n生如夏花之绚烂\n外文名\nStray Birds\n作品别名\n迷失的鸟群\n作 者\n拉宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔\n创作年代\n近代\n作品出处\n《飞鸟集》\n文学体裁\n诗歌\n国 籍\n印度\n发表日期\n1913年\n \n生如夏花之绚烂作品原文 \n生命，一次又一次轻薄过轻狂不知疲倦——题记一我听见回声，来自山谷和心间以寂寞的镰刀收割空旷的灵魂不断地重复决绝，又重复幸福终有绿洲摇曳在沙漠我相信自己生来如同璀璨的夏日之花不凋不败，妖冶如火承受心跳的负荷和呼吸的累赘乐此不疲二我听见音乐，来自月光和胴体辅极端的诱饵捕获飘渺的唯美一生充盈着激烈，又充盈着纯然总有回忆贯穿于世间我相信自己死时如同静美的秋日落叶不盛不乱，姿态如烟即便枯萎也保留丰肌清骨的傲然玄之又玄三我听见爱情，我相信爱情爱情是一潭挣扎的蓝藻如同一阵凄微的风穿过我失血的静脉驻守岁月的信念四我相信一切能够听见甚至预见离散，遇见另一个自己而有些瞬间无法把握任凭东走西顾，逝去的必然不返请看我头置簪花，一路走来一路盛开频频遗漏一些，又深陷风霜雨雪的感动五般若波罗蜜，一声一声生如夏花，死如秋叶还在乎拥有什么\n生如夏花之绚烂作品出处 \n《飞鸟集》印度诗人泰戈尔的代表作之一，也是世界上最杰出的诗集之一，它包括300余首清丽的小诗。白昼和黑夜、溪流和海洋、自由和背叛，都在泰戈尔的笔下合二为一，短小的语句道出了深刻的人生哲理，引领世人探寻真理和智慧的源泉。初读这些小诗，如同在暴风雨过后的初夏清晨，推开卧室的窗户，看到一个淡泊清透的世界，一切都是那样的清新、亮丽，可是其中的韵味却很厚实，耐人寻味。　《飞鸟集》英文本题名为Stray Birds.其中stray为漂泊的意思，Birds是鸟的复数形式，有时还可指人。\n\n请问一下“生如夏花之绚烂”这句诗出自哪部作品？", - "你好，Human。“生如夏花之绚烂”这句诗出自印度诗人拉宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔的作品《飞鸟集》。这部作品包括300余首诗歌，以短小的语句道出深刻的人生哲理，吸引了世界各地的读者。" + "“生如夏花之绚烂”这句诗出自印度诗人拉宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔的作品《飞鸟集》。这部作品包括300余首诗歌，以短小的语句道出深刻的人生哲理，吸引了世界各地的读者。" ], [ "请问《飞鸟集》的英文名字是什么？", @@ -362056,7 +362056,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乐高城市\n《乐高城市》是一款益智小游戏，游戏目标为在限定时间内，成功的到达目的地，并处理好事件即可过关。\n中文名\n乐高城市\n游戏类型\n益智小游戏\n最新版本\n2.0\n主要角色\n小乐\n \n乐高城市背景设定 \n乐高城市是一款有趣的益智小游戏，乐高城市中也会出现各种各样的问题，快来帮助市民们一起来解决城市中的各种问题吧！\n乐高城市操作指南 \n乐高城市启动方式\n游戏载入后，点击skip info，点击continue game开始游戏。\n乐高城市操作方法\n根据右上方的地图显示，鼠标点击车上的方向箭头进行移动，移动到地图上的红点，到达目的地后，鼠标连续点击处理事件。\n乐高城市游戏目标 \n在限定时间内，成功的到达目的地，并处理好事件即可过关。\n\n请问《乐高城市》这款游戏的类型是什么？", - "你好，Human。《乐高城市》是一款益智小游戏。游戏的目标是在有限的时间内，成功地到达目的地，并妥善处理各种事件，以完成关卡。玩这款游戏可以帮助提高玩家的思考和解决问题的能力。" + "《乐高城市》是一款益智小游戏。游戏的目标是在有限的时间内，成功地到达目的地，并妥善处理各种事件，以完成关卡。玩这款游戏可以帮助提高玩家的思考和解决问题的能力。" ], [ "这个游戏的最新版本是多少？", @@ -363004,7 +363004,7 @@ "history": [ [ "信仰\n《信仰》是由艾玮伦作词、作曲、演唱的一首歌曲，收录于2014年9月2日发行的专辑《Self Title》中。\n中文名\n信仰\n所属专辑\nSelf Title\n歌曲时长\n0时04分11秒\n歌曲原唱\n艾玮伦\n填 词\n艾玮伦\n谱 曲\n艾玮伦\n歌曲语言\n国语\n发行时间\n2014-09-02\n演唱者\n艾玮伦\n 歌曲歌词就在这里我看着我自己不要忘了所有答应过的承诺只有自己知道我到底该怎么做 到底怎么做用生命向上帝我换取了圣水来洗净一生在的孽 成为玫瑰我放了一切再努力勇往直前我将带来新生命别忘了自己是谁 忘了前世的罪让我自在的飞 自在的飞这夜色是灰 天空依然再现彩虹延伸蔓延 颜色蔓延不让双手沾着血看清世界的双眼不让花儿再次雕谢无尽释放神的泪不要跨越了我的界限社会将会没有谎言别忘了自己是谁 忘了前世的罪让我自在的飞 自在的飞这夜色是灰 天空依然再现彩虹延伸蔓延这夜不能流下一滴眼泪不管有多么的狼狈抛开伤悲勇敢面对放了手我会永远的向前走着成为美丽的玫瑰\n\n我想了解一首叫做《信仰》的歌曲，请问这首歌是由谁创作并演唱的？", - "你好，Human！《信仰》这首歌曲是由艾玮伦作词、作曲并演唱的。这首歌展示了艾玮伦的音乐才能和对音乐的热情。" + "《信仰》这首歌曲是由艾玮伦作词、作曲并演唱的。这首歌展示了艾玮伦的音乐才能和对音乐的热情。" ], [ "这首歌收录在哪张专辑中呢？", @@ -363625,7 +363625,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海信电视机\n海信电视机是海信集团所产的一种电视机。\n中文名\n海信电视机\n所属公司 \n海信集团\n 海信集团是特大型电子信息产业集团公司，成立于1969年。 海信坚持“技术立企、稳健经营”的发展战略，以优化产业结构为基础、技术创新为动力、资本运营为杠杆，持续健康发展。进入21世纪，海信以强大的研发实力为后盾，以优秀的国际化经营管理团队为支撑，加快了产业扩张的速度，形成了多媒体、家电、通信、IT智能系统、现代家居和服务等产业版块。2008年海信集团实现销售收入489亿元，在中国电子信息百强企业中名列前茅。\n\n请问海信电视机是什么？", - "你好，Human。海信电视机是海信集团所生产的一种电视产品。海信集团成立于1969年，是一家特大型电子信息产业集团公司。他们坚持“技术立企、稳健经营”的发展战略，以优化产业结构为基础、技术创新为动力、资本运营为杠杆，持续健康发展。" + "海信电视机是海信集团所生产的一种电视产品。海信集团成立于1969年，是一家特大型电子信息产业集团公司。他们坚持“技术立企、稳健经营”的发展战略，以优化产业结构为基础、技术创新为动力、资本运营为杠杆，持续健康发展。" ], [ "海信集团还有哪些产业？", @@ -364427,11 +364427,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢。你给了我很多有用的信息。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能帮助到您。如果您还有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时提问。祝您生活愉快！", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能帮助到您。如果您还有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时提问。祝您生活愉快！", "history": [ [ "喻园小区\n喻园小区地址在洪山关山片华中科技大学喻园小区。\n中文名\n喻园小区\n地 址\n洪山关山片华中科技大学\n竣工时间\n2002-01-01\n停车位\n50个\n \n喻园小区基本信息 \n所属区域：洪山 关山 物业类别：住宅 项目特色：暂无资料 开 发 商：暂无资料 竣工时间：2002-01-01 建筑类别： 塔楼 多层 环线位置：二至中环 容 积 率：2.60 [关于容积率] 绿 化 率：25% [关于绿化率] 物 业 费：0.50元/平米·月 物业公司：暂无资料 物业管理附加信息：暂无资料 占地面积：暂无资料 建筑面积：暂无资料 总户数：暂无资料 当期户数：暂无资料 停车位：车位50个\n喻园小区小区简介 \n该项目位于洪山区关山片，周围学校多，生活气息浓厚，交通便利，出行方便。\n喻园小区交通状况 \n公交：因道路施工原因，暂时没有直达公交。可乘518.521.510.702.703等公交至华中科技大学大门口坐校内循环车到达。\n喻园小区周边信息 \n幼儿园：鲁巷幼儿园、光谷实验幼儿园、小太阳幼儿园、华中大附属幼儿园\n；中小学：华中大附属小学\n、华中大附属中学\n、光谷第一实验小学、关山中学；大学：华中大、中国地质大学、中南财经政法大学；商场：中百超市、关山超市、鲁巷广场；医院：市十二医院；邮局：光谷邮局；银行：民生银行、建设银行、中国信合、工商银行 ；其他：金大谷酒店 关山饭店；小区内部配套：健身设施、棋牌室。\n\n能告诉我喻园小区的具体位置吗？", - "你好，Human！喻园小区位于洪山关山片华中科技大学内。它靠近华中科技大学的大门口，周围交通便利，生活气息浓厚。" + "喻园小区位于洪山关山片华中科技大学内。它靠近华中科技大学的大门口，周围交通便利，生活气息浓厚。" ], [ "喻园小区的竣工时间是什么时候？", @@ -364470,7 +364470,7 @@ "history": [ [ "刑事犯罪《中华人民共和国刑法》规定\n《中华人民共和国刑法》明确规定：法律明文规定为犯罪行为的，依照法律定罪处刑；法律没有明文规定为犯罪行为的，不得定罪处刑。一切危害国家主权、领土完整和安全，分裂国家、颠覆人民民主专政的政权和推翻社会主义制度，破坏社会秩序和经济秩序，侵犯国有财产或者劳动群众集体所有的财产，侵犯公民私人所有的财产，侵犯公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利，以及其他危害社会的行为，依照法律应当受刑罚处罚的，都是犯罪，但是情节显著轻微危害不大的，不认为是犯罪。\n中文名\n刑事犯罪\n外文名\ncriminal\n根 源\n私有制和私有观的存在\n类 别\n法律用语\n依 据\n《中华人民共和国刑法》\n \n刑事犯罪总则 \n第一章刑法的任务、基本原则和适用范围第二章犯罪 第一节犯罪和刑事责任 第二节犯罪的预备、未遂和中止 第三节共同犯罪 第四节单位犯罪第三章刑罚 第一节刑罚的种类 第二节管制 第三节拘役 第四节有期徒刑、无期徒刑　第五节死刑　第六节罚金　第七节剥夺政治权利　第八节没收财产第四章刑罚的具体运用 第一节量刑 第二节累犯 第三节自首和立功 第四节数罪并罚　第五节缓刑 第六节减刑 第七节假释 第八节时效第五章其他规定\n刑事犯罪分则 \n第一章危害国家安全罪第二章危害公共安全罪第三章破坏社会主义市场经济秩序罪 第一节生产、销售伪劣商品罪　第二节走私罪 第三节妨害对公司、企业的管理秩序罪 第四节破坏金融管理秩序罪　第五节金融诈骗罪 第六节危害税收征管罪　第七节侵犯知识产权罪　第八节扰乱市场秩序罪第四章侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利罪第五章侵犯财产罪第六章妨害社会管理秩序罪 第一节扰乱公共秩序罪 第二节妨害司法罪 第三节妨害国(边)境管理罪 第四节妨害文物管理罪　第五节危害公共卫生罪　第六节破坏环境资源保护罪　第七节走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪　第八节组织、强迫、引诱、容留、介绍卖淫罪　第九节制作、贩卖、传播淫秽物品罪第七章危害国防利益罪第八章贪污贿赂罪第九章渎职罪第十章军人违反职责罪\n刑事犯罪特点介绍\n\n请问刑事犯罪是什么？", - "你好，Human！刑事犯罪是指违反《中华人民共和国刑法》规定，危害国家主权、领土完整和安全，分裂国家、颠覆人民民主专政的政权和推翻社会主义制度，破坏社会秩序和经济秩序，侵犯国有财产或者劳动群众集体所有的财产，侵犯公民私人所有的财产，侵犯公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利，以及其他危害社会的行为，依照法律应当受刑罚处罚的行为。但是，情节显著轻微且危害不大的行为，不认为是犯罪。" + "刑事犯罪是指违反《中华人民共和国刑法》规定，危害国家主权、领土完整和安全，分裂国家、颠覆人民民主专政的政权和推翻社会主义制度，破坏社会秩序和经济秩序，侵犯国有财产或者劳动群众集体所有的财产，侵犯公民私人所有的财产，侵犯公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利，以及其他危害社会的行为，依照法律应当受刑罚处罚的行为。但是，情节显著轻微且危害不大的行为，不认为是犯罪。" ], [ "好的，那么什么是刑事责任？", @@ -364722,7 +364722,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国宝\n国宝\n即国家的宝物，不管是物品还是非物品，都可以被列为国宝。世界各国都有各自的国宝，这些国宝受到所在国家的特别保护，他们大都作为无价之宝，成为国家的骄傲和象征。\n中文名\n国宝\n外文名\nnational treasure;treasure of the country;natioual heirloom\n拼 音\nguó bǎo\n解 释\n国家的宝物\n注 音\nㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄠˇ\n出 处\n《左传·成公二年》\n示 例\n大熊猫是我国的国宝\n \n国宝基本解释 \n \n大熊猫(38张)\n (1) [national treasure;treasure of the country;natioual heirloom]∶国家的宝物大熊猫是我国的国宝(2) [special contributor to the country;best talents of a nation]∶对国家有特殊贡献的人的赞誉成就卓著的老科学家被国人誉为国宝\n国宝引证解释 \n国家的宝器。《左传·成公二年》：“子得其国寳，我亦得地，而纾於难，其荣多矣。” 杜预 注：“国寳，谓甗磬。”唐 白居易《除孔戣等官制》：“浑金璞玉，方圭圆珠，虽性异质珠，皆国宝也。”唐 崔曙 《奉试明堂火珠》诗：“遥知太平代，国寳在名都。”宋 叶适 《受玉宝贺表》：“天运重来，国寳再得；感深昔念，喜甚今逢。”特指传国玺。《新五代史·杂传·王珂》：“ 庄宗 自 郓 入京师， 末帝 闻 唐 兵且至，日夜涕泣，不知所为，自持国寳，指其宫室谓 瓒 曰：‘使吾保此者，系卿之画如何耳！’”国家的宝贵人材。《荀子·大略》：“口能言之，身能行之，国寳也。”唐 杜甫 《送长孙九侍御赴武威判官》诗：“尊前失诗流，塞上得国寳。”\n邹韬奋 《英勇抗战三年中的五一节》：“其中所留技术工人不少，这都是抗战建国时代的国宝。”国币。郑观应 《盛世危言·铸银》：“ 中国 钱币，古分金、银、铜三品，其行于世也，谓之国寳。”参见“ 国币 ”。\n\n请你解释一下什么是国宝？", - "你好，Human！国宝是指国家的宝物，可以包括物品和非物品。这些宝物受到所在国家的特别保护，被视为无价之宝，并成为国家的骄傲和象征。比如在中国，大熊猫就是一种著名的国宝。" + "国宝是指国家的宝物，可以包括物品和非物品。这些宝物受到所在国家的特别保护，被视为无价之宝，并成为国家的骄傲和象征。比如在中国，大熊猫就是一种著名的国宝。" ], [ "国宝有哪些类别？", @@ -365043,7 +365043,7 @@ "history": [ [ "苇名弦一郎《只狼：影逝二度》中的人物\n苇名弦一郎是动作角色扮演类型游戏《只狼：影逝二度》中的人物，亦是传奇剑圣·苇名一心的孙子，苇名国的下一代统领。\n中文名\n苇名弦一郎\n别 名\n屑一郎、武士之屑、苇名之梁\n配 音\n津田健次郎（日）/Ray Chase（英）\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n《只狼：影逝二度》\n流 派\n巴流\n武 具\n武士刀、巴之雷、不死斩、弓\n爷 爷\n剑圣·苇名一心\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n苇名弦一郎人物简介 \n \n苇名弦一郎(5张)\n 弦一郎出身於市井，并非是苇名一家的正统。他不是武士出身，或者说没有武士的准则让他可以不择手段，也同样是因为让这样低微出身的他走到了今天，他对苇名国的责任感也比其他人都要强烈。师承各种奇人异士，如淤加美族的女战士巴、原本是贼人的武将鬼庭形部雅孝等。盗国之战后，苇名国在官方的眼里自然是反贼，是剑圣苇名一心的威名阻碍了内府军的攻势，如今一心病重，走投无路的他决定了只有异端的力量才能拯救国家。获得第二把不死斩後的弦一郎为了获得足以保护国家的最强力量，不惜利用不死斩的转生能力，献祭自己转生一心，以从黄泉之下召回苇名的最强底牌：剑圣苇名一心。值得一提的是，弦一郎的师父便是十分神秘而又无所不在的巴，而巴流的特点便是连绵不绝的连斩，巴同样交给了弦一郎巴之雷的异端力量。\n苇名弦一郎人物能力 \n四连射击蓄力射击剑术「奥义·浮舟渡」剑术「秘传·涡云渡」秘传·巴之雷剑术「秘传·樱舞」\n苇名弦一郎人物语录 \n“苇名，就是我的一切……为此，我愿……放弃为人！”——天守阁决战后“到最后，我还是，什么都没做到……但是，龙胤能拯救这个国家……！这样一来，苇名的长夜……将迎来破晓……”——芦苇原决战后\n\n请问，《只狼：影逝二度》中的苇名弦一郎是一个什么样的人物？", - "你好，Human。苇名弦一郎是游戏《只狼：影逝二度》中的一名重要角色，他是传奇剑圣苇名一心的孙子，担任苇名国的下一代统领。弦一郎并非出身于苇名家族，而是来自普通市井，这使得他没有受过正统武士教育，更加不择手段地追求力量。他师承了各种奇人异士，比如淤加美族的女战士巴和原本是贼人的武将鬼庭形部雅孝。为了拯救苇名国，弦一郎决定获得异端的力量，如巴之雷的力量，以获得足以保护国家的最强力量。" + "苇名弦一郎是游戏《只狼：影逝二度》中的一名重要角色，他是传奇剑圣苇名一心的孙子，担任苇名国的下一代统领。弦一郎并非出身于苇名家族，而是来自普通市井，这使得他没有受过正统武士教育，更加不择手段地追求力量。他师承了各种奇人异士，比如淤加美族的女战士巴和原本是贼人的武将鬼庭形部雅孝。为了拯救苇名国，弦一郎决定获得异端的力量，如巴之雷的力量，以获得足以保护国家的最强力量。" ], [ "弦一郎的人物能力有哪些？", @@ -365510,7 +365510,7 @@ "history": [ [ "古事记喜多郎音乐专辑\n古事记是喜多郎音乐专辑 ，出版日期1990年。\n中文名\n古事记\n外文名\nKojiki\n专辑歌手\n喜多郎\n曲目数量\n7 首\n唱片公司\nPioneer Entertainment(USA)L.P.\n发行时间\n1990年\n \n古事记专辑信息 \n题名Kojiki（古事记）责任者（日本）喜多郎（KITARO) 演奏电子琴；喜多郎作曲出版者USA : Pioneer Entertainment(USA)L.P.长度55.00min\n古事记曲目 \n1 Hajimari2 Sozo3 Koi4 Orochi5 Nageki6 Matsuri7 Reimei\n古事记内容简介 \n专辑以神话《古事记》为主题，由讲述地球诞生过程的7个乐章构成。从伊耶那岐与伊耶那美的出现，到八岐大蛇、天之岩户，生动的音乐故事，充分融合了日本音乐与西洋音乐，使喜多郎的创作进入了一个新的意境，创造了更加完美的音乐世界。专辑在《Billboard》杂志新世纪专辑排行榜中连续8周排名第一，并使喜多郎第二次获得了格莱美奖最佳新世纪专辑提名。\n古事记专辑背景 \n《古事记》是喜多郎的传世之作。《古事记》是喜多郎根据日本古书《古事记》所描绘的人类起源的图录所创作出的一个作品，堪称“长篇电子合成交诗”。CD的封面极富水墨写意特色：褶皱宣纸的正中央是一只浓墨绘就的眼睛，下方是一滴眼泪，左侧则用日文汉字随意的书写出“古事记”三个大字，字体流畅，毫无做作之感。而这张专辑也正如CD封面所展现的给大家的，在人类与自然，过去与现在、未来的时空中构架起了一座沟通的桥梁，展现了一幅幅史前初民的壮丽诗篇，《太始》、《创造》、《恋慕》、《大蛇》、《叹》、《郷宴》、《黎明》，七个乐章各自独立又相互联系，将史前初民眼中的原始自然与他们的种种喜悦、恐惧、愤怒、憧憬、力量一一道来，那张弛有序的节奏，悠扬动听的旋律，层层叠叠的抒情，充满了生命脉搏的意境与气魄，使听者回旋于上古神话、文明的沉思中，被深深震撼。\n古事记专辑推介\n\n请问古事记是谁创作的音乐专辑？", - "你好，Human。古事记是喜多郎创作的音乐专辑，钟爱于日本音乐与西洋音乐的融合。这张专辑是他根据日本古书《古事记》创作的音乐作品，构筑了一座连接人类与自然、过去、现在与未来的沟通桥梁。七个乐章将史前初民的情感与原始自然相交融，使听者陶醉于上古神话、文明的沉思之中。" + "古事记是喜多郎创作的音乐专辑，钟爱于日本音乐与西洋音乐的融合。这张专辑是他根据日本古书《古事记》创作的音乐作品，构筑了一座连接人类与自然、过去、现在与未来的沟通桥梁。七个乐章将史前初民的情感与原始自然相交融，使听者陶醉于上古神话、文明的沉思之中。" ], [ "发行时间和唱片公司分别是什么？", @@ -366386,7 +366386,7 @@ "history": [ [ "煎羊肉串\n中文名\n煎羊肉串\n主要食材\n羊肉，圆葱\n分 类\n煎\n \n煎羊肉串用料 \n材料羊肉圆葱胡萝卜青椒杏鲍菇巴西腌肉料\n煎羊肉串做法 \n1. 所有的材料切成小块。肉块切小些，一是省肉二是熟得快2. 把腌肉料撒到小盆里。这个巴西腌肉料是最新产品，味道很香3. 搅拌均匀，然后放置半小时入味。料包说明上说把料加水搅匀，通过多次实践我觉得大可不必，直接撒上更省料，这样一袋迷你装能腌大概一斤半肉，按说明操作只能腌一斤，所以说信方球没错的，哈哈4. 穿肉串。蔬菜蘑菇和肉搭配着来5. 平底锅倒一点油，烧热，把肉串平铺上煎。煎的过程中蘑菇会出少量水，所以你不用担心肉串会糊的问题。煎的过程需要翻面，让肉串煎的更均匀\n\n请问煎羊肉串的主要食材有哪些？", - "你好，Human。煎羊肉串的主要食材包括羊肉和圆葱。此外，还可以搭配胡萝卜、青椒、杏鲍菇等蔬菜增加口感和营养。" + "煎羊肉串的主要食材包括羊肉和圆葱。此外，还可以搭配胡萝卜、青椒、杏鲍菇等蔬菜增加口感和营养。" ], [ "请告诉我煎羊肉串的制作步骤。", @@ -367263,7 +367263,7 @@ "history": [ [ "花木兰2020年刘亦菲主演迪士尼真人版电影\n《花木兰》是华特·迪士尼影片公司出品的真人版剧情电影，由妮基·卡罗执导、刘亦菲、甄子丹领衔主演，巩俐、李连杰特别出演，李截、安柚鑫主演，于2020年9月11日在中国内地上映，因新冠疫情影响部分国家/地区上线迪士尼+付费观看\n。该片根据迪士尼1998年出品的同名动画片改编，讲述了花木兰女扮男装，代父从军、勇战柔然的故事\n。\n中文名\n花木兰\n外文名\nMulan\n其他译名\n木兰传说\n类 型\n动作、剧情、冒险\n出品公司\n华特·迪士尼影片公司\n制片地区\n美国、中国\n拍摄日期\n2018年8月14日-2018年11月26日\n拍摄地点\n中国、新西兰\n发行公司\n华特·迪士尼影片公司\n导 演\n妮基·卡罗\n编 剧\n劳伦·海尼克 、伊丽莎白·马丁、里克·杰法 、阿曼达·斯尔沃\n制片人\n克里斯·班德\n主 演\n刘亦菲 、甄子丹 、巩俐 、李连杰 、安柚鑫 、李截\n片 长\n115 分钟\n上映时间\n2020年9月11日(中国大陆)\n对白语言\n英语\n普通话\n色 彩\n彩色\n电影分级\n美国：PG-13\nimdb编码\ntt4566758\n出品时间\n2020年\n \n基本信息\n \n花木兰剧情简介 \n中国的皇帝颁布法令，要求每家出一名男子服兵役，抵御北方侵略者。作为一名受人尊敬的战士的长女，花木兰站出来替生病的父亲应征入伍。她女扮男装、化名为花军，经历了种种考验，同时必须利用内在的力量，接纳自己真正的潜能。这是一场史诗般的旅程，让木兰蜕变为一名受人尊敬的战士，也赢得来自国家与骄傲的父亲的尊重\n。\n花木兰演职员表 \n花木兰演员表\n \n \n刘亦菲 饰 花木兰/花军\n刘亦菲、明日海里奥、平采娜·乐维瑟派布恩\n \n \n甄子丹 饰 董荣\n吴凌云、井上和彦\n将军\n \n \n巩俐 饰 仙娘\n巩俐、小池荣子\n巫女\n \n \n李连杰 饰 皇帝\n李连杰\n \n \n李截 饰 步利可汗\n张闻天、咲野俊介\n柔然统帅\n \n \n安柚鑫 饰 陈洪辉\n藤新、细谷佳正\n木兰战友\n \n \n马志 饰 花周\n汤水雨\n木兰父亲\n \n \n赵家玲 饰 花李氏\n金雁、高岛雅罗\n木兰母亲\n \n \n郑佩佩 饰 媒婆\n郑佩佩\n \n \n唐莎娜 饰 花秀\n-\n木兰妹妹\n \n \n袁文忠 饰 霍强\n图特哈蒙\n参将\n \n \nJun Yu 饰 蟋蟀\n郭浩然、小野贤章\n士兵\n \n \n黄谷悦 饰 田岭\n郝祥海、畠中祐\n士兵\n \n \n唐辰瀛 饰 老姚\n陈喆、木村昴\n士兵\n\n请问2020年上映的真人版《花木兰》电影是由哪位导演执导的？", - "你好，Human！真人版《花木兰》是由妮基·卡罗执导的。这部电影讲述了花木兰女扮男装，代父从军、勇战柔然的故事。如果你对这部电影还有其他问题，欢迎继续提问。" + "真人版《花木兰》是由妮基·卡罗执导的。这部电影讲述了花木兰女扮男装，代父从军、勇战柔然的故事。如果你对这部电影还有其他问题，欢迎继续提问。" ], [ "谢谢！那请问，电影的主演有哪些人？", @@ -367447,7 +367447,7 @@ "history": [ [ "张炎中国驻印度前大使\n张炎是中国驻印度前大使，1950年11月出生于浙江省。\n中文名\n张炎\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉\n出生日期\n1950年11月\n职 业\n中国驻印度前大使\n出生地\n浙江省\n 男，1950年11月生，浙江省人，大学毕业1978-1983 中华人民共和国驻利比里亚共和国大使馆职员、随员1983-1990 外交部国际司随员、副处长、处长1990-1992 常驻联合国日内瓦办事处和瑞士其他国际组织代表团一秘1992-1995 常驻联合国代表团一秘、参赞1995-1996 外交部国际司参赞1996-1998 云南省人民政府外事办公室主任1998-2001 亚太经济合作组织中国高官（大使衔）2001-2005 常驻联合国维也纳办事处和其他国际组织代表、特命全权大使、常驻联合国工业发展组织代表、常驻国际原子能机构代表2005-2007.12 外交部军控司司长2007.12- 2012.10 中华人民共和国驻印度共和国特命全权大使\n（副部级）\n\n请问张炎是谁？", - "你好，Human。张炎是中国驻印度前大使。他出生于1950年11月，浙江省人，大学毕业后，他在外交领域工作多年，曾任职于驻外使馆、常驻联合国代表团以及亚太经济合作组织等多个组织。" + "张炎是中国驻印度前大使。他出生于1950年11月，浙江省人，大学毕业后，他在外交领域工作多年，曾任职于驻外使馆、常驻联合国代表团以及亚太经济合作组织等多个组织。" ], [ "张炎的工作经历都包括什么？", @@ -368360,7 +368360,7 @@ "history": [ [ "融媒体\n“融媒体”是充分利用媒介载体，把广播、电视、报纸等既有共同点，又存在互补性的不同媒体，在人力、内容、宣传等方面进行全面整合，实现“资源通融、内容兼融、宣传互融、利益共融”的新型媒体宣传理念。\n中文名\n融媒体\n外文名\nMedia Convergence\n适用领域\n广播、电视、报纸、杂志等传统媒体\n应用学科\n广告、新闻、广播电视编导\n理 念\n以发展为前提，以扬优为手段\n \n融媒体推理过程 \n “融媒体”首先是个理念。这个理念以发展为前提，以扬优为手段，把传统媒体与新媒体的优势发挥到极致，使单一媒体的竞争力变为多媒体共同的竞争力，从而为“我”所用，为“我”服务。 “融媒体”不是一个独立的实体媒体，而是一个把广播、电视、互联网的优势互为整合，互为利用，使其功能、手段、价值得以全面提升的一种运作模式，是一种实实在在的科学方法，是在办台实践中看得见摸得着的具体行为。“融媒体”对外是一个单位，一个声音，一个价格。广播、电视、网络同时变为共同为一个项目活动服务的三种形式、手段和方法，价格上也会比任何一个单媒体要高得多，客户对这种活动的认可度也大大提高。以前，我们在电视节目中插播的广告，上网时都要进行重新编排，拿掉广告部分。现今，不少客户上门谈广告时，都主动要求，和“融媒体”价钱一起商谈，网上也予保留。“融媒体”成为利益上的“共同体”。\n融媒体内容解析 \n融媒体资源通融\n就是合理整合新老媒体的人力物力资源，变各自服务为共同服务。首先将广播与网站合并，将双方原采编人员打通，组建成立了“融媒体采编中心”。中心记者外出采访时，将录音笔和数码相机两种采访设备同时携带，为广播和网络同时供稿，既保证了双方新闻稿源，降低了人力成本，又提升了网站新闻稿件的权威性和原创能力。\n融媒体宣传互融\n建立一种新型和谐互补互信的媒体关系。打造“融媒体”，就是摆正新老媒体关系，分析新老媒体的利弊，以优势互补、扬优去劣，达到1+1>2的效果。比如，广播的迅疾、便捷，电视的直观、立体，互联网的“四个无限”（无限空间、无限时间、无限作者、无限受众）。各媒体对“我无他有”的东西，不妒忌，不害怕，对“他无我有”的，不排异，不拒绝，都把“他”当作自己的一部分，兼收并蓄，追求“水桶定律”。\n融媒体利益共融\n发展“融媒体”的最终目的，要有利于效益这个根本。而效益主要体现在两个方面，即社会效益和经济效益。\n融媒体建设关键\n\n请问什么是融媒体？", - "你好，Human！融媒体（Media Convergence）是一种新型的媒体宣传理念。它旨在充分利用各种媒体载体，包括广播、电视、报纸等，整合人力、内容和宣传等方面的资源，实现资源通融、内容兼融、宣传互融和利益共融。这个理念以发展为前提，强调发挥传统媒体与新媒体的优势，将单一媒体的竞争力转化为多媒体共同的竞争力。" + "融媒体（Media Convergence）是一种新型的媒体宣传理念。它旨在充分利用各种媒体载体，包括广播、电视、报纸等，整合人力、内容和宣传等方面的资源，实现资源通融、内容兼融、宣传互融和利益共融。这个理念以发展为前提，强调发挥传统媒体与新媒体的优势，将单一媒体的竞争力转化为多媒体共同的竞争力。" ], [ "能详细介绍下融媒体的推理过程吗？", @@ -368574,7 +368574,7 @@ { "instruction": "长安路西安市长安路\n长安路位于陕西省西安市城南。北起西安城墙永宁门盘道，南至长安区华美十字，全长8.5公里，分为北中南三段。长安路立交以北称为长安北路，雁塔西路以北称为长安中路，而华美十字以北称为长安南路。归属为长安路街道、\n小寨路街道、\n长延堡街道 三个街道办管辖。长安路是西安市南北中轴线的南段，是西安市主要的交通大动脉，沿途经过了韦曲商圈、电视塔商圈、小寨商圈、南门商圈，是西安市最繁华的街道之一。\n中文名\n长安路\n外文名\nChang An Road\n位 置\n陕西省西安市碑林区与雁塔区\n类 别\n道路\n长 度\n8.5公里(永宁门盘道至华美十字)\n特 别\n西安市南北中轴线的一段\n \n长安路长安路街道办 \n长安路概况\n长安路\n街道地处西安南北中轴线（朱雀大街）交通干道。面积3.25平方千米，人口7.1万人。辖15个社区。古迹有唐代所建荐福寺及寺内小雁塔，有明代大钟，“雁塔晨钟”为关中八景之一。\n南稍门\n长安路沿革\n1955年成立南关街道，属雁塔区，1965年划归碑林区，改名长虹公社，1978年改长安路街道。1996年，面积6.3平方千米，人口6.2万人，辖仁义村、草场坡一、草场坡二、南郭四村一、南郭四村二、东新村、东后地、长安北路、永宁村一、永宁村二、南郭二村、南关正街第一、南关正街第二、南关正街第三、新西里一、新西里二、新西里三、新西里四、小雁塔路、围墙巷、四民苍、夏家庄、友谊西路、友谊东路一三六号大院、雁塔寺街、光荣南村、西后地、大学东路28个居委会和市内电话局、西安帆布厂、三五四六工厂、三五四六东罕宿舍、地质矿产研究所、市卫生学校、市电影放映学校、重油处、市科委、电子器材公司、市红十字会医院、有色金属冶金设计院、省旅游供应公司、市电话五分局、市煤炭经营处、工商银行南关办事处、西北勘察设计院、省建三公司、省交通管理总站、市政工程管理局、市服务公司、市服装公司、省体育运动技术学院、省生漆研究所、解放军西安政治学院、小寨农行办、减速机厂、市客运公司、省文物局、市建一公司、省生产资料公司、省外贸学校、市建材工业公司、市卫校、区工商局、省旅游汽车公司、西安宾馆等42个家委会。2002年?，辖新西里、夏家庄、朱雀南、朱雀北、振兴、仁义、永宁、光荣、政治学院、西勘设计院、三五三八厂11个社区，草场坡、永宁、南廓、冉义、南关5个行政村。\n长安路小寨路街道办 \n长安路概况\n\n你好，请问长安路位于哪个城市，有多长？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。长安路位于陕西省西安市城南。这条道路全长8.5公里，自北至南包括长安北路、长安中路和长安南路三段。", + "output": "长安路位于陕西省西安市城南。这条道路全长8.5公里，自北至南包括长安北路、长安中路和长安南路三段。", "history": [] }, { @@ -368771,7 +368771,7 @@ "history": [ [ "我和我的祖国2019年陈凯歌总执导电影\n《我和我的祖国》是由陈凯歌担任总导演，张一白、管虎、薛晓路、徐峥、宁浩、文牧野联合执导\n，（按出场顺序）黄渤、张译、吴京、杜江、葛优、刘昊然、陈飞宇、宋佳领衔主演的剧情片\n。该片讲述了新中国成立70年间普通百姓与共和国息息相关的故事\n，于2019年9月30日在中国大陆上映\n。2020年1月11日，首届“光影中国”电影荣誉盛典获得2019年度荣誉推介电影\n。2020年9月26日，该片获得第35届大众电影百花奖最佳影片奖。\n中文名\n我和我的祖国\n外文名\nMy People、My Country\n其他译名\nMe and My Motherland\n类 型\n剧情\n出品公司\n华夏电影发行有限责任公司、博纳影业集团、阿里巴巴影业、上海三次元影业有限公司\n制片地区\n中国大陆\n发行公司\n华夏电影发行有限责任公司、联瑞（上海）影业有限公司等\n导 演\n陈凯歌、张一白、管虎、徐峥、宁浩、文牧野(等)\n编 剧\n文宁、修梦迪、薛晓路、何可可、徐峥、葛瑞(等)\n制片人\n黄建新\n于冬\n江志强\n王中军\n曾茂军\n展开\n制片人\n黄建新\n于冬\n江志强\n王中军\n曾茂军\n杨受成\n梁静\n陈红(等)\n收起\n主 演\n黄渤、张译、吴京、杜江、葛优、刘昊然、陈飞宇、宋佳、王千源、任素汐、马伊琍、朱一龙、龚蓓苾、佟丽娅\n片 长\n158 分钟\n上映时间\n2019年9月30日(中国大陆)\n票 房\n31.02 亿元(截至2019年12月25日)\n对白语言\n汉语普通话\n色 彩\n彩色\nimdb编码\ntt10147382\n主要奖项\n2019年第三届金色银幕奖\n2020年第27届华鼎奖电影满意度调查第一名\n在线播放平台\n爱奇艺、优酷网、腾讯视频、芒果TV、乐视视频、bilibili\n出品时间\n2019年\n联合出品\n腾讯影业\n联合出品人\n程武\n \n基本信息\n \n我和我的祖国剧情简介 \n《前夜》1949年10月1日中华人民共和国成立前夕，为保障开国大典国旗顺利升起，电动旗杆设计安装者林治远争分夺秒排除万难，用一个惊心动魄的未眠之夜确保立国大事“万无一失”，而护旗手老方（饰）等千千万万参与开国大典的工作人员和人民群众齐心协力，攻克了一个又一个难题，终于保障五星红旗顺利飘扬在天安门广场上空\n\n请问这部电影《我和我的祖国》是什么内容的电影？谁执导的？", - "你好，Human。《我和我的祖国》是一部讲述新中国成立70年来普通百姓与共和国息息相关的故事的剧情片。这部电影由陈凯歌担任总导演，并与张一白、管虎、薛晓路、徐峥、宁浩、文牧野共同执导。" + "《我和我的祖国》是一部讲述新中国成立70年来普通百姓与共和国息息相关的故事的剧情片。这部电影由陈凯歌担任总导演，并与张一白、管虎、薛晓路、徐峥、宁浩、文牧野共同执导。" ], [ "这部电影的主演有哪些人呢？", @@ -368985,7 +368985,7 @@ "history": [ [ "格林湖北格林药业有限公司\n湖北格林药业有限公司是主要经营中药材、中药饮片、中成药、抗生素、生化药品、化学药制剂、化学原料药、生物制品、保健食品、医疗器械等的通过GSP认证大型医药批发企业。公司注册地址为武汉经济技术开发区东风大道1号，位于武汉市白沙洲长江大桥汉阳桥头的318国道与107国道交汇处。公司经营面积20000多平方米，其中仓储面积达10000平方米。长年库存4000多万元的各类原料药、成品药、医疗器械、保健食品等6000多个品种、品规。\n公司名称\n湖北格林药业有限公司\n经营范围\n中药材\n品牌内涵\n平安绿色，健康生命\n质量方针\n规范经营管理，按GSP要求办事\n \n格林经营方针 \n公司始终倡导“团结务实、开拓进取、诚信守法、服务至上、爱岗敬业、追求卓越”的格林企业精神；以“质量是生命、客户是上帝”作为企业的经营宗旨；认真执行“坚持质量标准，确保优质低价，力求品种齐全，满足客户需要，实现供需双赢、促进共同发展”的经营方针；\n格林企业规模 \n为此，公司凝聚了一支两百余人的管理和业务队伍，其中，具备各类技术职称的占35% 。公司与全国20多个省（市、自治区）的1000多个医药生产厂家和大型医药公司或代理商建立有良好的合作关系，独家代理品种近400个；与全国3000多家医药经营企业和医疗单位成为长期稳定的贸易伙伴，并以价格低、质量优、品种齐、服务好赢得了广大客户的信赖和社会各界的好评。\n格林企业文化 \n品牌内涵:平安绿色，健康生命企业精神: 团结务实、开拓进取、诚信守法、服务至上、爱岗敬业、追求卓越质量方针：规范经营管理，按GSP要求办事经营方针: 坚持质量标准，确保优质低价，力求品种齐全，满足客户需要，实现供需“双赢”、促进共同发展经营理念: 质量是生命、客户是上帝服务理念: 您的光临是我们的荣幸，让您满意是我们的责任\n\n请问湖北格林药业有限公司的主要经营业务是什么？", - "你好，Human。湖北格林药业有限公司主要从事中药材、中药饮片、中成药、抗生素、生化药品、化学药制剂、化学原料药、生物制品、保健食品、医疗器械等产品的销售。他们是一家通过GSP认证的大型医药批发企业，所以他们严格遵守质量标准和行业规定，确保为客户提供优质的产品和服务。" + "湖北格林药业有限公司主要从事中药材、中药饮片、中成药、抗生素、生化药品、化学药制剂、化学原料药、生物制品、保健食品、医疗器械等产品的销售。他们是一家通过GSP认证的大型医药批发企业，所以他们严格遵守质量标准和行业规定，确保为客户提供优质的产品和服务。" ], [ "湖北格林药业有限公司的企业精神是什么？", @@ -369008,7 +369008,7 @@ "history": [ [ "山楂树\n中文名\n山楂树\n类 型\n爱情\n制片地区\n中国\n导 演\n胡雪杨 秦晔\n主 演\n金道鑫鑫、殷硕、袁光、朱亚文\n上映时间\n2004年01月28日\n对白语言\n普通话\n \n基本信息\n山楂树电影剧情\n\n请问你能告诉我关于《山楂树》这部电影的基本信息吗？", - "你好，Human！《山楂树》是一部由胡雪杨和秦晔联合导演的中国爱情电影。影片于2004年1月28日在中国上映。主演包括金道鑫鑫、殷硕、袁光和朱亚文。对白语言为普通话。这部影片讲述了一段充满爱情的故事，通过这个故事，我们可以了解到在不同时期背景下人们的情感世界。" + "《山楂树》是一部由胡雪杨和秦晔联合导演的中国爱情电影。影片于2004年1月28日在中国上映。主演包括金道鑫鑫、殷硕、袁光和朱亚文。对白语言为普通话。这部影片讲述了一段充满爱情的故事，通过这个故事，我们可以了解到在不同时期背景下人们的情感世界。" ], [ "能详细介绍一下这部电影的剧情吗？", @@ -369073,7 +369073,7 @@ "history": [ [ "成都中医药大学附属医院成都市三级甲等中医院\n成都中医药大学附属医院（四川省中医院）创建于1957年，是三级甲等中医院。\n中文名\n成都中医药大学附属医院\n成立时间\n1957年\n地理位置\n四川省成都市金牛区十二桥路39号\n医院等级\n三级甲等\n医院类型\n综合医院\n \n成都中医药大学附属医院科室设置 \n现有临床科室30个，医技科室9个，中医特色病区8个。中医五官科学、中医妇科学、针灸推拿学、中医眼科学、中医急诊学、中医眼科学、中医妇科学、中医肝胆病学、针灸学、中医内分泌学、中医急诊学、中医眼科、中医肾病科、中医妇科、中医耳鼻咽喉科、推拿科、中风病、急诊科、传染病、中医眼科、中医内科、中医外科、中医骨科、中西医结合内科、中风病防治中心、糖尿病防治中心、眼科防治中心、妇科防治中心、肝病防治中心、治未病中心、肛肠科、针灸科、呼吸科、肝病科、心血管病科、脑病科、骨伤科、皮肤科、肿瘤科等。\n成都中医药大学附属医院医院地址 \n地址：中国四川省成都市金牛区十二桥路39号\n详情\n成都中医药大学附属医院所获荣誉 \n2021年4月，被授予“四川省脱贫攻坚先进集体”称号。\n2021年9月18日，被文化和旅游部认定为第五批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目中医诊疗法（李仲愚杵针疗法）保护单位。\n\n请问成都中医药大学附属医院是几级医院？", - "你好，Human！成都中医药大学附属医院是三级甲等医院。这意味着该医院是一个高级别的医疗机构，具有全面的医疗服务能力，包括诊断、治疗、研究等多方面，能够满足您在中医方面的各类需求。" + "成都中医药大学附属医院是三级甲等医院。这意味着该医院是一个高级别的医疗机构，具有全面的医疗服务能力，包括诊断、治疗、研究等多方面，能够满足您在中医方面的各类需求。" ], [ "这家医院创建于哪一年？", @@ -369804,7 +369804,7 @@ "history": [ [ "荆州\n荆州市，古称江陵、郢都，是湖北省地级市，国务院批复确定的鄂中南地区的中心城市、长江中游交通枢纽之一\n。全市共辖2个市辖区、4个县级市、2个县，总面积1.41万平方公里，\n根据第七次人口普查数据，截至2020年11月1日零时，荆州市常住人口为5231180人。\n2020年，荆州市地区生产总值2369.04亿元。\n荆州地处中国华中地区、湖北中南部、长江中游、江汉平原腹地，是春秋战国时楚国都城所在地，是国务院公布的首批24座国家历史文化名城之一、中国优秀旅游城市、国家园林城市、重要的综合交通枢纽和长江港口城市。荆州是国家历史文化名城，是一座古老文化与现代文明交相辉映的滨江城市。“禹划九州，始有荆州”，荆州建城历史长达3000多年。自公元前689年楚国建都纪南城，先后有6个朝代、34位帝王在此建都。从“天下第一循吏”孙叔敖到明朝万历首辅张居正，从荆州走出去的宰相达138位。从爱国诗人屈原到李白、杜甫，历史上有大批文人墨客曾在荆州吟诗作赋。\n中文名\n荆州\n外文名\nJingzhou\n别 名\n江陵、郢都、南郡\n行政区划代码\n421000\n行政区类别\n地级市\n所属地区\n湖北省\n地理位置\n湖北省中南部，长江中游\n面 积\n14100 km²\n下辖地区\n2个市辖区、4个县级市、2个县\n政府驻地\n沙市区\n电话区号\n0716\n邮政编码\n434000\n气候条件\n亚热带季风气候\n著名景点\n荆州古城、熊家冢、关公庙、章华寺、洪湖、洈水风景区\n机 场\n荆州沙市机场\n火车站\n荆州站、荆州东站（在建）、松滋站\n车牌代码\n鄂D\n地区生产总值\n2715.52 亿元(2021年) \n现任领导\n市委书记：吴锦\n、市长：周志红 \n人 口\n5231180人（2020年11月1日零时常住人口）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n荆州历史沿革\n\n请问荆州是哪个省的城市？", - "你好，Human。荆州市位于湖北省。它是湖北省的一个地级市，并位于湖北省的中南部地区。" + "荆州市位于湖北省。它是湖北省的一个地级市，并位于湖北省的中南部地区。" ], [ "荆州的历史有多悠久？", @@ -370103,7 +370103,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡拉卡拉《宝可梦》系列游戏及其衍生作品中登场的宝可梦\n卡拉卡拉是日本任天堂公司发行的掌机游戏系列《宝可梦》及其衍生作品中登场的宝可梦。\n卡拉卡拉是地面属性的宝可梦，首次登场于游戏作品《宝可梦红·绿》。\n中文名\n卡拉卡拉\n外文名\nカラカラ(日文名)\nCubone(英文名、意大利文名、西班牙文名)\nOsselait(法文名)\nTragosso(德文名)\n탕구리(韩文名)\n别 名\n可拉可拉\n登场作品\n《宝可梦红·绿》\n《宝可梦蓝》\n《宝可梦皮卡丘》\n《宝可梦金·银》\n《宝可梦水晶版》\n展开\n登场作品\n《宝可梦红·绿》\n《宝可梦蓝》\n《宝可梦皮卡丘》\n《宝可梦金·银》\n《宝可梦水晶版》\n《宝可梦火红·叶绿》\n《宝可梦钻石·珍珠》\n《宝可梦白金》\n《宝可梦心金·魂银》\n《宝可梦黑·白》\n《宝可梦X·Y》\n《宝可梦太阳·月亮》\n《宝可梦究极之日·究极之月》\n《宝可梦 Let's Go! 皮卡丘·Let's Go! 伊布》\n《宝可梦剑·盾》\n《宝可梦晶灿钻石·明亮珍珠》\n收起\n身 高\n0.4 m\n体 重\n6.5 kg\n属 性\n地面\n全国图鉴编号\n104\n分 类\n孤独宝可梦\n特 性\n坚硬脑袋、避雷针、战斗盔甲（隐藏特性）\n性别比例\n雄性50%：雌性50%\n \n同义词\n可拉可拉一般指卡拉卡拉（《宝可梦》系列游戏及其衍生作品中登场的宝可梦）\n \n卡拉卡拉角色背景\n\n请问卡拉卡拉这个宝可梦是什么类型的宝可梦？", - "你好，Human！卡拉卡拉是一个地面属性的宝可梦。地面属性意味着它的力量和技能与地面有关，可能对付某些类型的宝可梦会比较有优势。例如，对付火属性、电属性和岩石属性的宝可梦时，地面属性宝可梦通常具有一定的优势。" + "卡拉卡拉是一个地面属性的宝可梦。地面属性意味着它的力量和技能与地面有关，可能对付某些类型的宝可梦会比较有优势。例如，对付火属性、电属性和岩石属性的宝可梦时，地面属性宝可梦通常具有一定的优势。" ], [ "卡拉卡拉首次亮相是在哪一部宝可梦游戏中？", @@ -370921,7 +370921,7 @@ "history": [ [ "苦参碱\n苦参碱，分子式为C15H24N2O，是由豆科植物苦参的干燥根、植株、果实经乙醇等有机溶剂提取制成的一种生物碱。\n中文名\n苦参碱\n外文名\nMatrine\n别 名\n母菊碱\n化学式\nC15H24N2O\n分子量\n248.37\nCAS登录号\n519-02-8\nEINECS登录号\n610-750-6\n熔 点\n77 ℃\n沸 点\n396.7 ℃\n水溶性\n可溶\n密 度\n1.19 g/cm³\n外 观\n白色粉末\n闪 点\n172.7 ℃\n应 用\n利尿、抗乙肝病毒、农业杀虫等\n安全性描述\nS22；S26；S36/37/39；S45\n危险性符号\nR20/21/22\n危险性描述\nXn\n \n苦参碱基本信息 \n通用名称:苦参碱(matrine)。\n苦参碱物性数据 \n1.性状：白色粉末。2.溶解性：能溶于水、苯、氯仿、甲醇、乙醇，微溶于石油醚。\n苦参碱编号系统 \nCAS号：519-02-8MDL号：MFCD00210527\n苦参碱分子结构数据 \n1、 摩尔折射率：71.122、 摩尔体积（cm3/mol）：213.33、 等张比容（90.2K）：562.54、 表面张力（dyne/cm）：48.35、 极化率（10-24cm3）：28.19\n苦参碱计算化学数据 \n1、 疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）：1.62、 氢键供体数量：03、 氢键受体数量：24、 可旋转化学键数量：05、 互变异构体数量：6、 拓扑分子极性表面积（TPSA）：23.67、 重原子数量：188、 表面电荷：09、 复杂度：35610、 同位素原子数量：011、 确定原子立构中心数量：412、 不确定原子立构中心数量：013、 确定化学键立构中心数量：014、 不确定化学键立构中心数量：015、 共价键单元数量：1\n苦参碱毒理学数据 \n1、 急性毒性：大鼠鼠经腹腔LD50：125mg/kg，除致死剂量外无详细说明；小鼠鼠经腹腔LC50：150 mg/kg，除致死剂量外无详细说明；小鼠经静脉LC50：64850 μg/kg，除致死剂量外无详细说明；小鼠经肌内LC50：74150 μg/kg，除致死剂量外无详细说明；\n苦参碱性质与稳定性 \n不可与碱性物质混用。\n苦参碱贮存方法 \n包装件应贮存在阴凉、通风、干燥的库房中。贮运时，严防潮湿和日晒，不得与食物、种子、饲料混放。要远离火源、热源。避免与皮肤、眼睛接触，防止由口、鼻吸入。\n苦参碱临床药用\n\n请问苦参碱是何种物质？", - "你好，Human。苦参碱是由豆科植物苦参的干燥根、植株、果实经乙醇等有机溶剂提取制成的一种生物碱。它的化学式为C15H24N2O，分子量为248.37。苦参碱通常呈现为白色粉末状，能溶于水、苯、氯仿、甲醇、乙醇，微溶于石油醚。" + "苦参碱是由豆科植物苦参的干燥根、植株、果实经乙醇等有机溶剂提取制成的一种生物碱。它的化学式为C15H24N2O，分子量为248.37。苦参碱通常呈现为白色粉末状，能溶于水、苯、氯仿、甲醇、乙醇，微溶于石油醚。" ], [ "苦参碱有什么主要应用？", @@ -372068,7 +372068,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巧克力\n《巧克力》（CHOCOLATE）是男子组合M.I.B的日本成员滑川康男的首张迷你专辑，于2015年9月10日发行。专辑共收录6首歌曲，主打歌为《CHOCOLATE》\n。\n中文名\n巧克力\n外文名\nCHOCOLATE /초콜릿\n专辑语言\n韩语\n专辑歌手\n滑川康男\n专辑时长\n21分41秒\n曲目数量\n6 首\n音乐风格\nHip-Hop\n唱片公司\nJungle Entertainment\n发行地区\n韩国\n发行时间\n2015年9月10日\n \n巧克力创作背景 \n专辑封面的拍摄主题中，康男身着红色格子衬衫侧卧，手握着巧克力豆桶对着镜头拍照。值得注意的是，康男那立体的五官以及迷人的眼神令众多女性粉丝们面红心跳\n。\n巧克力专辑曲目 \n曲序曲目填词作曲编曲01Tell me what (Feat. Microdot)Rphabet、Strike、Microdot、SanchezRphabet、StrikeRphabet、Strike02CHOCOLATE (Feat. San E)Rphabet、San ERphabetRphabet03STAY康男、Jungle Book杨胜旭、康男李元中、Genneo04你真正想要的是什么Strike、康男Strike、康男Strike니가 진짜 원하는 게 뭔데05青春PUNK康男、Jungle Book康男、李昌宪李昌宪청춘PUNK06怎么办康男、罗尚原李昌宪李昌宪어떡하죠\n巧克力发行信息 \n发行时间2010年5月6日专辑名称《Just Beginning》发行公司Jungle Entertainment、CJ E&M制作公司Jungle Entertainment版权所有Jungle Entertainment\n\n请告诉我《巧克力》是谁的专辑以及他是哪个组合的成员？", - "你好，Human。《巧克力》是滑川康男的首张迷你专辑。他是韩国男子组合M.I.B的日本成员。" + "《巧克力》是滑川康男的首张迷你专辑。他是韩国男子组合M.I.B的日本成员。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。这张专辑是何时发行的？共收录了多少首歌曲？", @@ -372928,7 +372928,7 @@ "history": [ [ "凉生，我们可不可以不忧伤电视剧《凉生，我们可不可以不忧伤》宣传曲\n《凉生,我们可不可以不忧伤》是Kiya余霖子演唱的歌曲。\n中文名\n凉生,我们可不可以不忧伤\n歌曲时长\n02:00\n发行时间\n2018-09-22\n歌曲原唱\nKiya余霖子\n填 词\n刘文艺\n谱 曲\n赖奕宾\n音乐风格\n流行\n \n凉生，我们可不可以不忧伤发行信息 \n凉生,我们可不可以不忧伤-Kiya余霖子\n词：刘文艺曲：赖奕宾录音后期：欢度文化/吴欢音乐工作室发行公司：广州稻香文化传播有限公司\n凉生，我们可不可以不忧伤歌曲歌词 \n时间是一片海谁在对岸等待你像蝴蝶飞过来担心我不在风声吹过窗外轻晃我的裙摆他的微笑是云彩在心里盛开我们能不能不忧伤 不分开不让这静好的时光 成空白似水流年的舞台就在一起 勇敢的去相爱我们能不能不忧伤 不分开不让这凉生的结局 成悲哀在这茫茫的人海只为你而澎湃往事淌不回来留给纯真年代岁月他不能覆盖那两小无猜我们能不能不忧伤 不分开不让这静好的时光 成空白似水流年的舞台就在一起 勇敢的去相爱我们能不能不忧伤 不分开不让这凉生的结局 成悲哀在这茫茫的人海只为你而澎湃我们能不能不忧伤 不分开不让这静好的时光 成空白似水流年的舞台就在一起 勇敢的去相爱我们能不能不忧伤 不分开不让这凉生的结局 成悲哀在这茫茫的人海只为你而澎湃只为你而澎湃\n\n你好，你知道《凉生,我们可不可以不忧伤》这首歌吗？", - "你好，Human！我知道这首歌。《凉生,我们可不可以不忧伤》是电视剧《凉生，我们可不可以不忧伤》的宣传曲，由Kiya余霖子演唱。这首歌曲的词是由刘文艺填写的，曲由赖奕宾谱写。该歌曲于2018年9月22日发行，时长为2分钟。" + "我知道这首歌。《凉生,我们可不可以不忧伤》是电视剧《凉生，我们可不可以不忧伤》的宣传曲，由Kiya余霖子演唱。这首歌曲的词是由刘文艺填写的，曲由赖奕宾谱写。该歌曲于2018年9月22日发行，时长为2分钟。" ], [ "这首歌的歌词是什么？", @@ -372999,7 +372999,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蝙蝠山\n蝙蝠山分为北京十渡蝙蝠山和台北蝙蝠山。蝙蝠山因山形有如蝙蝠展翅，雄壮无比而得名。北京十渡蝙蝠山位于十渡镇拒马河北岸，犹如一只振翅欲飞的蝙蝠，造型生动、形象逼真。台北蝙蝠山是台北县双溪乡近郊第一高山，山上建有 国父铜像，所以也称为「逸仙山」。\n中文名\n蝙蝠山\n地理位置\n中国\n景点级别\nAAAA级\n门票价格\n免费\n著名景点\n北京十渡蝙蝠山、台北蝙蝠山\n \n蝙蝠山十渡蝙蝠山 \n蝙蝠山简介\n位于北京市房山区十渡镇十渡村东北方向约1公里处，距离拒马河北岸约2公里。站在十渡村南口，举目北眺，即可看到宛如蝙蝠形象的高山映入眼帘。这里是典型的地表岩溶地貌景观，是在温带半干旱半湿润条件下，由于拒马河河流下切作用和机械风化产生垂直节理，而形成的棱角分明、雄伟壮观的中国北方典型地表岩溶景观。 “蝙蝠山”犹如一只振翅欲飞的蝙蝠，造型生动、形象逼真，让你不得不叹服大自然的鬼斧神工。\n蝙蝠山传说\n\n你好，请问蝙蝠山是什么样的地方？", - "你好，Human！蝙蝠山分为北京十渡蝙蝠山和台北蝙蝠山，它们均因山形有如蝙蝠展翅而得名。北京十渡蝙蝠山位于房山区十渡镇拒马河北岸，景观独特，犹如一只振翅欲飞的蝙蝠。台北蝙蝠山位于台北县双溪乡，是当地近郊的第一高山。山上建有国父铜像，因此也称为“逸仙山”。" + "蝙蝠山分为北京十渡蝙蝠山和台北蝙蝠山，它们均因山形有如蝙蝠展翅而得名。北京十渡蝙蝠山位于房山区十渡镇拒马河北岸，景观独特，犹如一只振翅欲飞的蝙蝠。台北蝙蝠山位于台北县双溪乡，是当地近郊的第一高山。山上建有国父铜像，因此也称为“逸仙山”。" ], [ "蝙蝠山有什么著名景点？", @@ -373565,7 +373565,7 @@ "history": [ [ "路灯\n《路灯》是由著名词作家刘兆山、石印作词，著名作曲家张凤茹作曲，戴辰茗演唱的儿童歌曲。于2021年3月28日发行\n。\n中文名\n路灯\n所属专辑\n路灯\n歌曲时长\n3分28秒\n填 词\n刘兆山、石印\n谱 曲\n张凤茹\n发行日期\n2021年3月28日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n 歌曲歌词路灯演唱：戴辰茗作词：刘兆山 石印作曲：张凤茹路灯好，真可爱，只值夜班不发呆。它怕汽车亲了嘴，绊倒奶奶和小孩。它怕爷爷迷了路，该睡觉了回不来。小路灯心眼好，风吹雨打身不歪，身不歪。路灯好，真可爱，只值夜班不发呆。它怕汽车亲了嘴，绊倒奶奶和小孩。它怕爷爷迷了路，该睡觉了回不来。小路灯心眼好，风吹雨打身不歪，身不歪。风吹雨打身不歪，身不歪。\n\n请问这首名为《路灯》的儿童歌曲是在什么时间发行的？", - "你好，Human！《路灯》这首儿童歌曲是在2021年3月28日发行的。这首歌通过生动的歌词和旋律表达了路灯的作用和可爱之处，吸引了很多小朋友和家长的喜爱。" + "《路灯》这首儿童歌曲是在2021年3月28日发行的。这首歌通过生动的歌词和旋律表达了路灯的作用和可爱之处，吸引了很多小朋友和家长的喜爱。" ], [ "能告诉我一下《路灯》这首歌的词作家和作曲家分别是谁吗？", @@ -373835,7 +373835,7 @@ "history": [ [ "最强大脑之燃烧吧大脑江苏卫视推出的脑力偶像竞技真人秀\n中文名\n最强大脑之燃烧吧大脑\n别 名\n最强大脑第五季\n国家/地区\n中国大陆地区\n类 型\n大型科学类真人秀电视节目\n主持人\n蒋昌建\n主要嘉宾\n王峰、王昱珩、鲍橒、刘国梁、陶晶莹、裴浩正\n、罗伯特·朗\n制作公司\n远景影视江苏股份有限公司\n首播时间\n2018年1月5日\n播出频道\n江苏卫视\n播出时间\n每周五21:10\n导 演\n王培杰、王刚\n每集长度\n90 分钟\n播出状态\n已完结\n在线播放平台\n爱奇艺、腾讯视频、优酷网\n三位队长\n鲍橒；王昱珩；王峰\n期 数\n13期（14期）\n冠名商\n海天蚝油\n科学总设计\n北京师范大学心理学院刘嘉教授及爱因思维团队\n \n基本信息\n最强大脑之燃烧吧大脑节目形式 \n最强大脑之燃烧吧大脑节目背景\n以往几季节目有明显的不同，《最强大脑之燃烧吧大脑》注意力集中在“青春大脑”上，寻找14~26岁的天才少年，“智青春”将成为贯穿本季节目的主旋律。此次海选报名人数超过十万，可以说是囊括了来自全世界的“有智青年”。《最强大脑之燃烧吧大脑》深入开启的是“学霸海选”模式，经过2个多月选拔从10万青少年中脱颖而出的100位天才少年\n。节目组在全国高校、世界顶级学府、高智商俱乐部等中挑选100名选手，然后进行100进80、80进60、60进40的比赛，直到在100人中选出30强\n。与以往的单人作战模式不同，“脑王”的选拔将经历四个不同阶段的考验，以六个维度脑力标准为测试指针，从十万人中选拔前30名选手以4人为一队分别加入三位导师的战队，此后以团队战的形式筛选进入天才梦之队的6名成员。在迎战国际梦之队后，最终决选出2018年的“脑力偶像”。\n最强大脑之燃烧吧大脑节目赛制\n该节目的比赛分为百人抢位战 （晋级赛；淘汰赛）、最强大脑1 VS 1淘汰赛（挑战赛；淘汰赛） 、团队单循环积分赛（团队赛；抢位赛；团队战；团战；中国梦之队争夺战；中国梦之队抢位赛）\n、中外梦之队国际赛（中外 PK 赛；国际赛）四部分\n\n请问最强大脑之燃烧吧大脑是什么样的节目？", - "你好，Human。最强大脑之燃烧吧大脑是一档大型科学类真人秀电视节目，它于2018年1月5日在江苏卫视首播。这一季的最强大脑侧重于寻找14-26岁的天才少年，主题为“智青春”。在这个节目中，100位天才少年经过多轮选拔，最终选出30强参加导师的战队。在团队战阶段筛选出6名成员组成天才梦之队，最后迎战国际梦之队，决选出2018年的“脑力偶像”。" + "最强大脑之燃烧吧大脑是一档大型科学类真人秀电视节目，它于2018年1月5日在江苏卫视首播。这一季的最强大脑侧重于寻找14-26岁的天才少年，主题为“智青春”。在这个节目中，100位天才少年经过多轮选拔，最终选出30强参加导师的战队。在团队战阶段筛选出6名成员组成天才梦之队，最后迎战国际梦之队，决选出2018年的“脑力偶像”。" ], [ "节目的主持人和主要嘉宾都有哪些？", @@ -374145,7 +374145,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瓦尔登湖\n《瓦尔登湖》是2019年辽宁人民出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n瓦尔登湖\n作 者\n亨利.戴维.梭罗\n出版社\n辽宁人民出版社\n出版时间\n2019年\n页 数\n328 页\n开 本\n32 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787205096434\n \n瓦尔登湖内容简介 \n“世界文学经典名译文库：有声导读版”选取广为人知的经典名著书目，由国内第一批翻译人才，邓小平钦点的翻译家们携手合作，全新修订，推出全新修订无删减版，为广大读者打造一版无障碍阅读名著，提升文学鉴赏能力与阅读能力！\n瓦尔登湖作者简介 \n亨利·戴维·梭罗（1817-1862） 美国超验主义作家、哲学家。毕业于哈佛大学。曾协助爱默生编辑评论季刊《日晷》，成为超验主义运动的代表人物之一。写过许多政论，反对美国侵略墨西哥，支持废奴运动，曾发表演说为起义失败的约翰·布朗申辩。主张人类回归自然，曾在瓦尔登湖畔隐居两年，体验简朴生活，并以此为题材写成《瓦尔登湖》。梭罗一生创作二十多部散文集，其代表作《瓦尔登湖》在19世纪美国文学中被公认为“受欢迎的非虚构作品”。\n\n请问《瓦尔登湖》是由哪家出版社出版的？", - "你好，Human！《瓦尔登湖》是由辽宁人民出版社出版的。这本书是他们在2019年出版的，并且经过国内第一批翻译人才、邓小平钦点的翻译家们的修订而全新呈现。这版本的《瓦尔登湖》是无删减版，让读者能够无障碍阅读这部名著。" + "《瓦尔登湖》是由辽宁人民出版社出版的。这本书是他们在2019年出版的，并且经过国内第一批翻译人才、邓小平钦点的翻译家们的修订而全新呈现。这版本的《瓦尔登湖》是无删减版，让读者能够无障碍阅读这部名著。" ], [ "《瓦尔登湖》这本书是关于什么的？", @@ -374361,7 +374361,7 @@ "history": [ [ "华中师范大学第一附属中学湖北省示范高中\n华中师范大学第一附属中学是湖北省首批示范高中，位于湖北省会武汉，该校在1962年被确定为湖北省首批重点中学，是湖北省人民政府唯一命名的“窗口学校”、湖北省最佳文明单位，湖北八校联考成员。\n华中师范大学第一附属中学创办于1950年9月，初名中南实验工农速成中学；1958年，更名为华中师范学院第一附属中学；1985年，更名为华中师范大学第一附属中学。截至2022年3月，学校现有高中、初中两个校区。位于武汉东湖新技术开发区的高中部，占地近400亩，学生约3600人，在岗专职教师395人，在岗特级教师12人；位于洪山区的初中部占地约100亩，在校学生1700余人，专任教师133人。2015年秋，中国共产党中央军事委员会批准在学校高中校区设立空军青少年航空学校。\n中文名\n华中师范大学第一附属中学\n外文名\nNO.1 Middle School Affiliated to Central China Normal University\n简 称\n华中师大一附中、华师一附中\n创办时间\n1950年\n创办人\n潘梓年、赵君陶\n办学性质\n公立中学\n学校特色\n湖北省省级重点中学\n主管部门\n湖北省教育厅\n现任领导\n周鹏程(校长)、杨国红(党委书记)\n校 训\n厚德、博雅、笃学、敏行\n地 址\n武汉市东湖开发区汤逊湖北路\n主要奖项\n湖北省首批示范高中\n湖北省最佳文明单位\n知名校友\n易中天、万惠霖、龙乐豪\n官 网\nhttp://www.hzsdyfz.com.cn/\n \n同义词\n华师大一附中（华师大一附中）一般指华中师范大学第一附属中学\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n华中师范大学第一附属中学历史沿革\n\n你好，请问你了解华中师范大学第一附属中学吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解华中师范大学第一附属中学。它位于湖北省的武汉市，是湖北省首批示范高中，成立于1950年。学校分为高中和初中两个校区，高中部位于武汉东湖新技术开发区，初中部位于洪山区。学校现有在岗专职教师约528人，学生约5300人。作为湖北八校联考成员，该校具有省级重点中学的地位。校训是“厚德、博雅、笃学、敏行”。" + "我了解华中师范大学第一附属中学。它位于湖北省的武汉市，是湖北省首批示范高中，成立于1950年。学校分为高中和初中两个校区，高中部位于武汉东湖新技术开发区，初中部位于洪山区。学校现有在岗专职教师约528人，学生约5300人。作为湖北八校联考成员，该校具有省级重点中学的地位。校训是“厚德、博雅、笃学、敏行”。" ], [ "能告诉我这所学校的详细创建过程吗？", @@ -374384,7 +374384,7 @@ "history": [ [ "辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院沈阳市三级甲等医院\n辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院（辽宁省中医药研究院）创建于1978年，是一所综合性中医医疗机构。\n中文名\n辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院\n成立时间\n1978年\n地理位置\n沈阳市皇姑区黄河北大街60号\n医院等级\n三级甲等\n \n辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院科室 \n医院拥有内科、外科、骨伤科、妇科、儿科、针灸科、肿瘤科、耳鼻喉科、眼科、皮肤科、肛肠科、口腔科、急诊科、推拿科、康复科、血液科等一级临床科室。其中内科包括：心病科、脑病科、肾病科、肺病科、脾胃科、风湿科、糖尿病科、老年病科。\n辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院所获荣誉 \n2021年4月，被授予“辽宁省抗击新冠肺炎疫情先进集体”称号。\n辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院医院地址 \n沈阳市皇姑区黄河北大街60号。\n辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院\n\n你好，请告诉我一些关于辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院的信息。", - "你好，Human！辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院（辽宁省中医药研究院）创立于1978年，位于沈阳市皇姑区黄河北大街60号。它是一所三级甲等的综合性中医医疗机构，拥有多个一级临床科室，例如内科、外科、骨伤科、妇科、儿科、针灸科、肿瘤科、耳鼻喉科、眼科、皮肤科、肛肠科、口腔科、急诊科、推拿科、康复科、血液科等。内科科室还可以细分为心病科、脑病科、肾病科、肺病科、脾胃科、风湿科、糖尿病科、老年病科等。在2021年4月，该医院还获得了“辽宁省抗击新冠肺炎疫情先进集体”的荣誉称号。" + "辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院（辽宁省中医药研究院）创立于1978年，位于沈阳市皇姑区黄河北大街60号。它是一所三级甲等的综合性中医医疗机构，拥有多个一级临床科室，例如内科、外科、骨伤科、妇科、儿科、针灸科、肿瘤科、耳鼻喉科、眼科、皮肤科、肛肠科、口腔科、急诊科、推拿科、康复科、血液科等。内科科室还可以细分为心病科、脑病科、肾病科、肺病科、脾胃科、风湿科、糖尿病科、老年病科等。在2021年4月，该医院还获得了“辽宁省抗击新冠肺炎疫情先进集体”的荣誉称号。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，请问如果我想去这个医院，具体怎么走和办理挂号手续呢？", @@ -375018,7 +375018,7 @@ "history": [ [ "相爱容易相处难\n《相爱容易相处难》是由李安修、林利南作词，陈耀川作曲，蔡幸娟演唱的歌曲，该曲收录于蔡幸娟1993年发行的专辑《相爱容易相处难》中\n。\n中文名\n相爱容易相处难\n所属专辑\n相爱容易相处难\n歌曲时长\n0时4分37秒\n歌曲原唱\n蔡幸娟\n填 词\n李安修、林利南\n谱 曲\n陈耀川\n音乐风格\n流行\n发行日期\n1993年10月1日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n 歌曲歌词等了你一夜 心中真的好累经过这些年 还是被你忽略你给我的爱 是真心是敷衍教我如何来分别常听朋友说 两个人的世界相爱和相处 不如想像的美这些我了解 可是真要面对却又不能无所谓难道真的 相爱容易相处难可是真要分手 却又分不开感情的纠缠 谁也不能明白又何必在乎地久天长难道真的 相爱容易相处难就像多情的人 总是多受伤付出的情爱 若已不能释怀是否还依然等待女人的爱情 是等一种永远男人的世界 爱是一种火焰彼此的感觉 如果不能相连如何勉强再相对难道真的 相爱容易相处难可是真要分手 却又分不开感情的纠缠 谁也不能明白又何必在乎地久天长难道真的 相爱容易相处难就像多情的人 总是多受伤付出的情爱 若已不能释怀是否还依然等待难道真的 相爱容易相处难可是真要分手 却又分不开感情的纠缠 谁也不能明白又何必在乎地久天长难道真的 相爱容易相处难就像多情的人 总是多受伤付出的情爱 若已不能释怀是否还依然等待\n\n你好，请问一下《相爱容易相处难》这首歌的词作者和曲作者是谁？", - "你好，Human，《相爱容易相处难》这首歌的词是由李安修和林利南创作的，曲则是由陈耀川谱写。这首歌传达了爱情中相互理解和包容的重要性。如有其他问题，请随时提问。" + "《相爱容易相处难》这首歌的词是由李安修和林利南创作的，曲则是由陈耀川谱写。这首歌传达了爱情中相互理解和包容的重要性。如有其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "这首歌的歌曲风格和歌曲时长分别是什么？", @@ -375064,7 +375064,7 @@ "history": [ [ "牌坊\n云南省临沧市凤庆县文明坊。\n中文名\n文明坊\n地理位置\n云南省临沧市凤庆县\n 凤城文明坊在临沧市凤庆县城内武庙街与文庙街接合处，原称文明楼，后称文明坊。该坊建于明万历三十一年（1603），清雍正三年（1725）重修，咸丰甲寅年(1854)又修，砖木结构，由一主两耳歇山顶式组成，四壁风窗，高7米，通道面宽15．1米，纵深7米。1975年因地处交通要道拆除楼层。1982年县人民政府将其列为重点文物保护单位，1983年拨款修理，1987年再翻修。2014年，因年久失修被拆除，遗迹尚存。1854年重修文明坊碑文：盖闻莫为之前，虽美弗彰；既为之後，虽胜必传。原顺𨛦府城，旧建有文明坊一座，历年久远，风雨渌落倒塌，瓦木参差。历署顺左守府赵公，目睹情形，不忍使前贤善果湮没，欲为重建，改为钟皷牌楼，时因地方多事未果，旋即卸任，请咨北上，迨至三年冬，复捧檄来顺，立继前念会商。府县尊幸，仁人君子，众念一同，是以率仝部司外，额书传百队等，酬捐银捌拾两，以为庇材之资，但必须众擎一举禀经。协宪概然捐资，府县均乐善助捐，士民协勷，其事今已高成。题其额曰“文明楼”，虽非崇台峻阁，以期文运大昌，咸沾风化。因思歳修无资，复扵楼后隙地建盖瓦房三间，每年租息，即作岁修之资，俾忆万年，以垂不朽，爰为之志。龙飞大清咸丰甲寅年孟秋月，榖旦。\n\n你好，请问凤城文明坊是在哪个省份和城市？", - "你好，Human！凤城文明坊位于中国云南省临沧市凤庆县。如果您有关于凤城文明坊的其他问题，请随时向我提问。" + "凤城文明坊位于中国云南省临沧市凤庆县。如果您有关于凤城文明坊的其他问题，请随时向我提问。" ], [ "这座文明坊有多高，面宽和纵深是多少？", @@ -375609,7 +375609,7 @@ "history": [ [ "敦煌\n《敦煌》是由爱奇艺出品，吕行执导，马伪八编剧的古装剧\n。该剧根据井上靖的同名小说改编，讲述了北宋仁宗年间的故事\n，在爱奇艺播出。\n中文名\n敦煌\n外文名\nDUNHUANG\n类 型\n古装\n出品公司\n爱奇艺\n制片地区\n中国大陆\n导 演\n吕行\n编 剧\n马伪八\n在线播放平台\n爱奇艺\n \n敦煌剧情简介 \n北宋仁宗年间，殿试落榜的考生赵行德等一行人，为了生存与梦想，告别故土，前往传说中富饶繁盛、和平美好的敦煌。然而此时，西夏王子李元昊正四处发动战争，赵行德也被卷入战乱，被迫编入朱王礼所统领的西夏军的汉人兵队中，从一介书生变为征战沙场的兵卒。在战争洗礼下，赵行德见过了血雨腥风、承受了失去兄弟手足之痛，但同时也与朱王礼建立了深厚的情谊；更在西夏军攻伐甘州的战役中，与甘州公主坠入爱河并痛失所爱。最终，在经历无数生离死别与爱恨情仇之后，赵行德终于抵达了敦煌，见证了西域的丰饶与神秘洞窟的诞生，也找到了自己毕生寻觅的意义——在战火中留下人间的爱和希望，让智慧与文化得以存续，永世传承\n。\n敦煌演职员表 \n敦煌演员表\n角色\n演员\n配音\n赵行德\n-\n-\n敦煌职员表\n原著\n井上靖《敦煌》\n导演\n吕行\n编剧\n马伪八\n敦煌播出信息 \n前期宣传2021年5月13日，该剧在爱奇艺世界大会正式官宣\n。\n\n请问《敦煌》这部电视剧是改编自什么小说？", - "你好，Human！《敦煌》这部电视剧是改编自井上靖的同名小说。" + "《敦煌》这部电视剧是改编自井上靖的同名小说。" ], [ "这部剧的主要剧情是什么？", @@ -376171,7 +376171,7 @@ "history": [ [ "南京市第二十九中学国家级示范高中\n南京市第二十九中学（Nanjing No.29 High School），简称“南京二十九中”，位于南京市鼓楼区，2001年被确认为国家级示范高中，2004年转评为江苏省四星级普通高中。\n学校创建于1945年9月，初建时名为私立石城中学，2003年8月，江苏教育学院附属高级中学组建南京二十九中教育集团，2012年，原南京市第四中学与南京二十九中整合，南京二十九中成为一所一校五址的完全中学，2014年4月，定名为“南京市第二十九中学”。截至2015年11月，南京二十九中校园面积2万余平方米，共有5个校区，有130个班级，700名教职工、6000名学生。\n中文名\n南京市第二十九中学\n外文名\nNanjing No.29 High School\n简 称\n南京二十九中\n创办时间\n1945年9月\n主管部门\n鼓楼区教育局\n校 训\n己所不欲，勿施于人\n主要奖项\n全国文明单位\n全国武术传统项目学校比赛冠军\n全国现代教育技术实验学校\n主要奖项\n江苏省高中儒学经典课程基地\n江苏省社会科学普及示范基地\n知名校友\n吴世华、林放、惠若琪\n所属地区\n南京市\n类 别\n公立高中\n属 性\n国家级示范高中（2001年）\n江苏省四星级普通高中（2004年）\n现任校长\n唐云龙\n校 址\n南京市鼓楼区蓝天园23号\n \n同义词\n南京29中（南京29中）一般指南京市第二十九中学\n \n南京市第二十九中学历史沿革 \n \n南京第二十九中学(6张)\n 1945年9月，南京二十九中始建。初建时名为私立石城中学，于南京市估衣廊城中会堂诞生。学校从创建时仅有5个班级，19位教工，245名学生的普通中学。\n1946年1月，迁至玉泉路1路。1949年，由南京人民政府接管。1956年，学校被命名为南京市第二十九中学。\n1960年，改名为江苏教育学院附属中学。\n1999年，更名为江苏教育学院附属高级中学。\n2002年底，南京市进行区划调整，原南京五中初中部（致远中学）并入该校。\n2012年，原南京市第四中学与该校整合。南京二十九中成为一所一校五址的完全中学。\n2014年4月，经南京市人民政府同意和鼓楼区人民政府批准，恢复“南京市第二十九中学”校名。\n南京市第二十九中学办学条件 \n南京市第二十九中学硬件设施\n\n请问南京市第二十九中学是个怎样的学校？", - "你好，Human！南京市第二十九中学（Nanjing No.29 High School）简称为“南京二十九中”，位于南京市鼓楼区。学校创建于1945年9月，经过几次更名和整合，于2014年4月定名为“南京市第二十九中学”。学校于2001年被确认为国家级示范高中，并在2004年转评为江苏省四星级普通高中。截至2015年11月，学校共有五个校区，130个班级，700名教职工及6000名学生。学校的校训是“己所不欲，勿施于人”。" + "南京市第二十九中学（Nanjing No.29 High School）简称为“南京二十九中”，位于南京市鼓楼区。学校创建于1945年9月，经过几次更名和整合，于2014年4月定名为“南京市第二十九中学”。学校于2001年被确认为国家级示范高中，并在2004年转评为江苏省四星级普通高中。截至2015年11月，学校共有五个校区，130个班级，700名教职工及6000名学生。学校的校训是“己所不欲，勿施于人”。" ], [ "这所学校取得了哪些主要荣誉？", @@ -376520,7 +376520,7 @@ "history": [ [ "民族节日具有一定意义的日子\n中国是一个统一的多民族的国家。在56个民族中，节日之多，难以计数。民族节日是一个民族在长期历史发展中形成的、具有一定意义的、并要在这一天举行庆祝或祭祀仪式的日子。中国各民族特色各异的众多节日，大致可以分为生产节日、青年节日、纪念节日、习俗节日和宗教节日等六个方面。\n中文名\n民族节日\n分 为\n生产节日、青年节日\n举 行\n庆祝或祭祀仪式\n起 源\n纪念\n彝 族\n火把节\n \n民族节日节日简介 \n这些与自然界季节更迭、祈求丰收、崇敬英雄、谈情说爱、传统习俗、宗教信仰等有密切关系的节日，是民族历史的活化石，是民族生活方式的集中体现，也是民族传统文化的生动展示。尽管各民族的节日在日期、内容、意义、过节方式等方面千差万别，但它们都有稳定性、群众性、民族性和传承性的共同特点。不少民族节日已有几百年的历史，有的甚至经历了上千年的岁月，成为深深植根大地上的一种文化现象，也是需要进一步挖掘的文化宝库。\n民族节日节日起源 \n民族节日多出于民间传说故事，各民族人民为纪念故事中的人和事，产生了本民族的节日。\n民族节日节日习俗 \n民族节日汉族\n汉族的四大传统节日春节、清明节、端午节与中秋节被称为中国汉族的四大传统节日。\n中国汉族的节日很多，主要有腊祭、祭灶、春节、元宵、社日、清明、端午、中秋、重阳等等\n。在诸节日中，以春节最隆重。春节”又称为过年，是中国汉族人千百年来最重要的传统节日，也是一年中最隆重、最热闹的节日。庆祝的主要内容有:1、 过小年。时间在腊月二十三或二十四。传说灶王爷要在这一天到天上汇报人间的情况。民间就在这一天祭灶，希望灶王爷上天言好事下地保平安。2、 除夕，俗称大年。在这一天，家人团聚，吃团圆饭，喝分岁酒，守岁，贴门神和春联，燃放爆竹。3、 正月初一。家人团拜，然后出行，路遇亲友，互致祝贺。4、正月十五，元宵节。是春节的高潮和终结，人们吃元宵，赏花灯。\n民族节日彝族\n火把节：六月二十四日至二十五日，习俗：点火把、摔跤、斗牛、歌舞插花/打歌节：二月初八，习俗：采集杜鹃花插于各处 \n节日(6张)\n 密枝节：二月初八，习俗：祭龙树、野餐祭龙节：二月初八，习俗：跳芦笙舞赛衣节：三月二十八日习俗：赛衣三月会：三月二十八，习俗：赶集、跳舞、青年男女盛装跳“左脚舞”刀杆节：二月八日，习俗：上刀山、跳嘎\n民族节日白族\n\n请问一个民族的节日是如何形成的？", - "你好，Human！一个民族的节日是在长期历史发展过程中形成的，具有一定意义，并且在这一天举行庆祝或祭祀仪式的日子。民族节日多出于民间传说故事，各民族人民为纪念故事中的人和事，产生了本民族的节日。这些节日与自然界季节更迭、祈求丰收、崇敬英雄、谈情说爱、传统习俗、宗教信仰等方面有密切关系，是民族历史的活化石和民族传统文化的生动展示。" + "一个民族的节日是在长期历史发展过程中形成的，具有一定意义，并且在这一天举行庆祝或祭祀仪式的日子。民族节日多出于民间传说故事，各民族人民为纪念故事中的人和事，产生了本民族的节日。这些节日与自然界季节更迭、祈求丰收、崇敬英雄、谈情说爱、传统习俗、宗教信仰等方面有密切关系，是民族历史的活化石和民族传统文化的生动展示。" ], [ "能否举例说明一下汉族的四大传统节日及其庆祝方式？", @@ -377941,7 +377941,7 @@ "history": [ [ "投石问路汉语成语\n投石问路，汉语成语，拼音是tóu shí wèn lù，意思原指夜间潜入某处前，先投以石子，看看有无反应，借以探测情况。后用它比喻进行试探。出自古典名著《三侠五义》。\n中文名\n投石问路\n外文名\nthrow a stone to clear the road\n拼 音\ntóu shí wèn lù\n注 音\nㄊㄡˊ ㄕˊ ㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄨˋ\n释 义\n比喻进行试探\n出 处\n清《三侠五义》\n \n投石问路成语释义 \n投石问路有两种说法：1. 指夜间潜入某处前，先投以石子，看看有无反应，借以探测情况。【出自三侠五义（第十二回）】清·石玉昆《三侠五义》第十二回：（展昭）到了墙头，将身爬伏。又在囊中取一块石子轻轻抛下，侧耳细听。（此名为“投石问路”。下面或是有沟，或是有水，就是落在实地，再没有听不出来的。）又将钢爪转过，手搂丝绦，顺手而下。\n2. 后用以比喻进行试探。【出自三侠五义（第五十回）】清·石玉昆《三侠五义》第五十回：（包公）正在思索之际，忽听院内拍的一声，不知是何物落下。包兴连忙出去，却拾进一个纸包儿来，上写着“急速拆阅”四字。包公看了，以为必是匿名帖子，或是其中别有隐情。拆开看时，里面包定一个石子，有个字柬儿，上写着：“我今特来借三宝，暂且携回陷空岛。南侠若到卢家庄，管叫御猫跑不了。”包公看罢，便叫包兴前去看视三宝，又令李才请展护卫来。不多时，展爷来到书房，包公即将字柬与展爷看了。展爷忙问道：“相爷可曾差人看三宝去了没有？”包公道：“已差包兴看视去了。”展爷不胜惊骇，道：“相爷中了他“拍门投石问路”之计了。”包公问道：“何以谓之“投石问路”呢？”展爷道：“这来人本不知三宝在于何处，故写此字令人设疑。若不使人看视，他却无法可施；如今已差人看视，这是领了他去了。此三宝必失无疑了。”正说到此，忽听那边一片声喧。展爷吃了一惊。\n投石问路成语用法 \n连动式作谓语、定语；指探路示例《新民晚报》1989.1.5：“安徽科学技术出版社投石问路，去年秋冬该社出版了一本《人体摄影》画册，意外地一炮打响。”\n\n请告诉我“投石问路”这个成语的意思和出处。", - "你好，Human！“投石问路”这个成语的意思是指原指夜间潜入某处前，先投以石子，看看有无反应，借以探测情况。后来，这个成语用来比喻进行试探。这个成语出自清代石玉昆所著的《三侠五义》。" + "“投石问路”这个成语的意思是指原指夜间潜入某处前，先投以石子，看看有无反应，借以探测情况。后来，这个成语用来比喻进行试探。这个成语出自清代石玉昆所著的《三侠五义》。" ] ] }, @@ -378273,7 +378273,7 @@ "history": [ [ "硬币\n《硬币》是中国著名摇滚歌手、音乐创作人汪峰创作的一首歌曲，收录在2004年发行的《笑着哭》专辑中。\n中文名\n《硬币》\n所属专辑\n《笑着哭》\n歌曲时长\n0时03分53秒\n歌曲原唱\n汪峰\n填 词\n汪峰\n谱 曲\n汪峰\n编 曲\n无\n音乐风格\n流行\n摇滚\n歌曲语言\n华语\n发行时间\n2004-06-01\n发行公司\n华纳公司\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 歌曲歌词作词：汪峰作曲：汪峰除了阳光没有什么可以笼罩世界\n除了雨没有什么可以画出彩虹除了雪没有什么可以洁白大地除了风没有什么可以吹动树叶你有没有看到自己眼中的绝望你有没有听见痛彻心扉的哭声你有没有感到心如花朵般枯萎你有没有体验过生命有多无可奈何除了你没有什么可以让我眷恋除了悲伤没有什么可以值得忘却除了宽容没有什么可以让你释怀除了爱没有什么可以改变生命你有没有看见手上那条单纯的命运线你有没有听见自己被抛弃后的呼喊你有没有感到也许永远只能视而不见你有没有扔过一枚硬币选择正反面\n\n你好，请问《硬币》是一首什么风格的歌曲？", - "你好，Human，《硬币》是一首流行摇滚风格的歌曲。这种风格的歌曲通常具有强烈的节奏和旋律，将摇滚元素与流行音乐相结合，使得歌曲更容易被大众接受。因此，《硬币》既能展现摇滚的特点又富有流行元素。" + "《硬币》是一首流行摇滚风格的歌曲。这种风格的歌曲通常具有强烈的节奏和旋律，将摇滚元素与流行音乐相结合，使得歌曲更容易被大众接受。因此，《硬币》既能展现摇滚的特点又富有流行元素。" ], [ "请问谁创作的这首歌曲呢？", @@ -378498,7 +378498,7 @@ "history": [ [ "咖喱饭食品\n咖喱饭是一种美食，主要材料有牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉等，辅料有土豆、胡萝卜、洋葱、咖喱块等，口味属于咖喱味。咖喱饭常常被用来做主食。\"咖喱”一词来源于坦米尔语，是“许多的香料加在一起煮”的意思，据说咖喱的故乡在印度。\n中文名\n咖喱饭\n外文名\ncurry rice\n分 类\n东南亚\n口 味\n咖喱味\n主要食材\n米饭，咖喱\n特 点\n风味独特\n类 别\n饭\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n咖喱饭原料 \n咖喱饭，肉：牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉均可，切成小块 菜：土豆——切块（小一些），胡萝卜——切丁，洋葱——切成小块 ，调料：食用油，盐，咖喱块。\n咖喱饭制作方法 \n咖喱饭方法一\n \n美味咖喱饭(17张)\n 1、锅里放油，炒肉2、放菜到锅里跟肉一起炒，注意要多放点油（当然也不要放太多），还要放适量的盐（也可先不放，等调入咖喱后若盐味不足再加盐）3、菜有些熟了，加水漫过菜，小火煮4、菜都熟透了，小火，将咖喱粉用少量冷水拌匀（咖喱粉的用量可根据自己的口味），然后倒入锅中搅匀。可一边尝味道，一边加入咖喱。5、继续煮上5分钟。6、米饭另做，浇上菜和汤\n咖喱饭方法二\n1、把紧好的牛肉切2cm见方的块，也可以去超市买切好的，有点肥的或带筋的更好。（注：咖喱饭里放什么肉完全凭个人爱好，也可以放小排、放鸡翅，有骨头的才好呢）（同时焖一锅大米饭）2、同时土豆切方块儿（块儿一定不要太大）、胡萝卜切圆块儿（打皮，块大点儿），洋葱多量切粗丝。3、在锅里放适量的油，用中火把牛肉放进去炒一下（要空干水，不然嘣的好厉害），看到边儿发焦的时候取出。4、用剩下的油把胡萝卜、洋葱也炒一下，放入牛肉，加入水，水大概与菜平高。5、用大火把盛有牛肉、洋葱、胡萝卜的汤煮至沸腾。闭火，静置15分钟。6、然后放入咖喱块，等它完全溶解后（大约10分钟），放入土豆，（适量加入一些椰浆会更加香浓）。7、小火煮（大约15分钟），一边煮一边搅拌8、等到土豆熟了就可以吃了，注意：土豆一定要熟，另外一般来说不需要放任何调料了\n咖喱饭方法三\n\n嗨，请告诉我咖喱饭的来源以及它的主要特点。", - "嗨，Human！咖喱饭是一种东南亚美食，起源于印度。它的口味独特，主要由米饭和咖喱组成。咖喱饭的主要食材可以有牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉等，辅助材料包括土豆、胡萝卜、洋葱和咖喱块。咖喱具有浓郁的香气和醇厚的口感，是这道菜的特点之一。" + "咖喱饭是一种东南亚美食，起源于印度。它的口味独特，主要由米饭和咖喱组成。咖喱饭的主要食材可以有牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉等，辅助材料包括土豆、胡萝卜、洋葱和咖喱块。咖喱具有浓郁的香气和醇厚的口感，是这道菜的特点之一。" ], [ "果然很有趣! 那么，能告诉我第一种制作方法的步骤吗？", @@ -379126,7 +379126,7 @@ "history": [ [ "消费心理学\n本书是由臧良运主编 由电子工业出版社2007年6月出版的版本 。 本书根据当代消费者心理与行为研究的主要内容和最新发展趋势，从各个层面研究消费者的心理，进而分析出这些心理产生特点，并结合产品的特性帮助人们理顺中间关系。\n书 名\n消费心理学\n作 者\n臧良运主编\n类 别\n职业辅导书刊\n译 者\n臧良运\n出版社\n电子工业出版社\n出版时间\n2007年06月\n页 数\n270 页\n定 价\n26 元\nISBN\n978-7-121-04193-8\n字 数\n448千字\n \n消费心理学内容简介 \n本书根据当代消费者心理与行为研究的主要内容和最新发展趋势，以消费者购买什么、为什么购买、什么时候购买、在哪里购买、购买以后怎么用、用了以后怎么处理等为主线，分析消费者获得消费信息、产生消费需要与动机、进行购买决策、享受消费价值、获得消费体验的过程，介绍消费群体的心理特点，分析商品、营业环境、广告宣传、社会环境等因素与消费者心理之间的关系，并介绍研究消费者心理与行为的主要方法。\n消费心理学图书目录\n\n请问你能简单介绍一下《消费心理学》这本书吗？", - "你好，Human！《消费心理学》这本书是由臧良运主编的，由电子工业出版社在2007年6月出版。本书根据当代消费者心理与行为研究的主要内容和最新发展趋势，以消费者购买什么、为什么购买、什么时候购买、在哪里购买、购买以后怎么用、用了以后怎么处理等为主线，分析消费者获得消费信息、产生消费需要与动机、进行购买决策、享受消费价值、获得消费体验的过程，介绍消费群体的心理特点，分析商品、营业环境、广告宣传、社会环境等因素与消费者心理之间的关系，并介绍研究消费者心理与行为的主要方法。" + "《消费心理学》这本书是由臧良运主编的，由电子工业出版社在2007年6月出版。本书根据当代消费者心理与行为研究的主要内容和最新发展趋势，以消费者购买什么、为什么购买、什么时候购买、在哪里购买、购买以后怎么用、用了以后怎么处理等为主线，分析消费者获得消费信息、产生消费需要与动机、进行购买决策、享受消费价值、获得消费体验的过程，介绍消费群体的心理特点，分析商品、营业环境、广告宣传、社会环境等因素与消费者心理之间的关系，并介绍研究消费者心理与行为的主要方法。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍。这本书的页数、定价和ISBN分别是多少呢？", @@ -379781,7 +379781,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天高海阔\n大连首部实名实景电视连续剧《天高海阔》上周在大连电视台播出后，在观众中引起的反响出人预料，除了被剧中五对男女艰辛创业经历所感动外，人民广场、滨海路等大连名街名景更让观众油然而生出一种亲切。据悉，这部由大连作家彭会安创作、著名导演杜信执导的16集电视剧已纳入中央电视台视野，从2003年4月4日起，央视电视剧频道将在每天的早中晚分三次播出该剧。\n中文名\n天高海阔\n制片地区\n中国大连\n拍摄地点\n大连\n导 演\n杜信\n编 剧\n彭会安\n类 型\n励志\n主 演\n蔡鸿、蔡莺、傅亨、麻维江\n对白语言\n普通话话\n色 彩\n彩色\n \n天高海阔影视介绍 \n《天高海阔》编剧彭会安介绍说，这部电视剧以大连为大背景，通过五对男女谋职的艰辛和婚恋的曲折经历，告诉人们如何面对现实靠自己的勤劳和智慧创造财富，启发人们在新形势下破除陈旧观念寻找适合自己的生活之路。全剧情节从芳芳和菲菲这对双胞胎姐妹展开，姐妹俩虽然长相酷似，但生活态度迥异。芳芳从小生意做起，一点一点发展自己的事业。经商之路并不平坦，她先后遭遇抢劫、被骗等一系列打击，同时爱情生活也屡受挫折，内心受伤比生意上的挫折还痛苦；而菲菲因图虚荣使她误入歧途，当她发现有家室的港商欺骗了她时，她更加放纵自己，陪舞陪唱惹出不少事端。芳芳和菲菲两家的矛盾冲突正是反映了面对市场经济大潮中各种人物的不同心态，正像剧中主题歌所唱到的那样：“人人身后有悬崖，人人面前有陡坡，天高风云常变幻，海阔也常起风波。”这首大气充满力量的主题歌由彭会安作词，著名歌手叶凡演唱。将大连的名街名景名店全部拍摄入剧，是电视《天高海阔》的另一个亮点。大连足球和大连国际服装节盛大开幕式均在剧中得以展示。下岗人的坎坷创业历程和风景如画的城市背景，组合成该剧的独特景致，这使得《天高海阔》有了十分耐看的基础。而写普通人生活的《天高海阔》无疑会得到大多数观众的青睐，该剧在大连电视台播出后，剧中人物的生活命运成为许多观众议论的话题，熟悉的街景，熟悉的人物形象，观众们常常会从剧中找到自己的影子，正因为此，观众们才会和剧中人物的脉搏一起跳动，更会在剧中人奋斗经历的启发下释放出一种大海一般的力量。 \n剧照(6张)\n\n你好，请问《天高海阔》是一部什么类型的剧呢？", - "你好，Human！《天高海阔》是一部励志类型的电视剧。它通过五对男女的艰辛创业经历和婚恋曲折，告诉人们如何面对现实，靠自己的勤劳和智慧创造财富，并在新形势下破除陈旧观念寻找适合自己的生活之路。" + "《天高海阔》是一部励志类型的电视剧。它通过五对男女的艰辛创业经历和婚恋曲折，告诉人们如何面对现实，靠自己的勤劳和智慧创造财富，并在新形势下破除陈旧观念寻找适合自己的生活之路。" ], [ "能告诉我一下这部剧的编剧和导演是谁吗？", @@ -379884,7 +379884,7 @@ "history": [ [ "唱片\n唱片是一种音乐传播的介质概括。唱片的物质形态可以分为早期的钢丝唱片、胶木78转唱片、黑胶唱片及今时今日的CD光盘等等。随着计算机互联网的快速普及，更多人倾向于从互联网上下载喜爱的节目。音像制品国内市场的传统销售业务开始急剧下滑，市场形势不容乐观。\n中文名\n唱片\n性 质\n音乐传播的介质概括\n形 态\n钢丝唱片、胶木78转唱片\n发 明\n爱迪生\n \n唱片发展 \n唱片录音技术的发明\n伟大的美国发明家爱迪生于十九世纪末发明了人类历史上第一台录音机。他原本是想把这种圆筒式录音机作为听写机来推广，结果这个计划遭到了所有那些靠记录老板讲话吃饭的秘书们的一致反对，不幸夭折了。但录音机却在音乐市场找到了用武之地。人们只要买一个录音圆筒，就可以从家里的录音机上欣赏到各类音乐。几乎与此同时，机械钢琴（Pianola）被发明。这是一种用打孔纸带操纵的钢琴，你只要买一卷纸带，就可以在家里的机械钢琴上“高保真”地欣赏到名家的钢琴独奏。这个新玩艺儿极大地推动了“拉格泰姆”音乐（Ragtime，一种经常使用切分音的钢琴音乐）在美国的普及。“拉格泰姆”音乐可以说是第一个欧洲没有的，纯美国风格的音乐形式，是公认的爵士乐的前身之一。这两样发明从根本上改变了欣赏音乐的方式。以前，人们要么自己弹琴，要么买票去听专家弹，总之不那么容易。有了录音技术和机械钢琴，音乐才算第一次走进了寻常百姓的家里。这两样发明还造就了现代模式的音乐工业，吸引了众多的人材专心从事音乐生产，为音乐文化的繁荣奠定了基础。现代音乐工业的诞生还打破了传统民歌的生存基础。按照公认的定义，民歌是指经过人们世代口头相传而流传到今天的民间音乐。民歌爱好者之所以喜爱民歌，一是因为民歌背后悠久的历史文化，二是因为民歌经过了几百几千年的竞争淘汰，存留下来的一定是久经考验的优秀作品。不过有的人因此就小看了流行音乐，实在大可不必。其实这两者完全是个萝卜青菜的问题。流行音乐虽没有民歌那么富有历史感，可流行音乐的现代感又是民歌所没有的。有人说民歌是经过历史考验的，可他们忘记了，过去是没有录音机的，音乐的传播速度很慢，传播面也很窄，所谓考验也就是局限在一个特定的小范围里。而的流行音乐，一出世就面临众多听众的检验，能经得住这样考验的流行音乐不一定就比民歌差。换句话说，录音技术为人们带来了流行音乐，它代替了过去的民歌，成为这个时代的新民歌。\n唱片七十八转唱片\n\n你好。根据你了解的唱片的历史发展，能告诉我唱片的发明者是谁吗？", - "你好，Human。唱片技术的发明者是美国著名发明家托马斯·爱迪生。他在19世纪末发明了人类历史上第一台录音机，使得音乐传播的方式发生了重大改变。这就是唱片的起源。" + "唱片技术的发明者是美国著名发明家托马斯·爱迪生。他在19世纪末发明了人类历史上第一台录音机，使得音乐传播的方式发生了重大改变。这就是唱片的起源。" ], [ "唱片发展的过程中，出现过哪些不同形态的唱片？", @@ -380921,7 +380921,7 @@ "history": [ [ "双星系统由两颗恒星组成的天理系统\n双星系统是指由两颗恒星组成，相对于其他恒星来说，位置看起来非常靠近的天体系统，联星是指两颗恒星各自在轨道上环绕着共同质量中心的恒星系统。双星可以当成联星的同义词，但一般而言，双星可以是联星，也可以是没有物理关联性，只是从地球观察是在一起的光学双星。双星系统是天体物理学中一个重要研究课题，对于研究不同天体间的关系问题具有重要意义。\n中文名\n双星系统\n外文名\nbinary stars, binary system\n学 科\n天文学\n组 成\n两颗恒星\n近义词\n联星\n发现者\nGiovanni Battista Riccioli\n \n双星系统发现历史 \n1650年，Giovanni Battista Riccioli在大北斗（大熊座）发现双星系统。1685年，在南天的南十字座，丰特奈神父发现了明亮的十字架二双星系统。1767年，约翰·米契尔最早提出双星可能彼此间有着物理上的关联性，他认为双星都是由彼此对齐而形成的可能性太小。1779年，威廉·赫歇尔开始观测双星系统，不久就发表了含700对双星的目录。1802年，科学家威廉·赫歇尔首次提出了“双星”这个名词。1827年，第一个双星系统的完整轨道大熊座Xi，由Félix Savary计算完成。1844年，德国天文学家贝塞尔根据它的移动路径出现的波浪图形推断天狼星是一颗双星，因为该星在附近空间中沿一条呈波形的轨迹运动。天狼星及其伴星都在偏心率颇大的轨道上互相绕转，绕转的周期是49.9年，平均距离约为日地距离的20倍。尽管亮星光芒四射，用大望远镜还是不难看到那颗7等的伴星。伴星的质量与太阳差不多，它的半径却只有太阳的1/50，密度则比太阳大得多，平均密度为30kg/立方厘米，是第一颗被发现的白矮星。2015年03月09日，天文学家发现系外行星绕奇特“四体”恒星运行。\n \n \n \n双星系统\n双星系统分类介绍 \n双星系统物理双星\n双星有多种。一颗恒星围绕另外一颗恒星运动，并且互相有引力作用，称为物理双星；一般所说的双星，没有特别指明的话，都是指物理双星。\n双星系统光学双星\n两颗恒星看起来靠的很近，但是实际距离却非常远，这称为光学双星。\n双星系统目视双星\n根据观测方式不同，通过天文望远镜可以观测到的双星称为目视双星；\n双星系统分光双星\n只有通过分析光谱变化才能辨别的双星称为分光双星。\n双星系统食双星\n\n请问什么是双星系统？", - "你好，Human！双星系统是指由两颗恒星组成，相对于其他恒星来说，位置看起来非常靠近的天体系统。双星可以分为物理双星和光学双星。物理双星是指两颗恒星彼此有引力作用，一般都是围绕共同质量中心运动，也称为联星。而光学双星是指两颗恒星看起来位置非常靠近，但实际距离很远，它们之间没有物理关联。双星系统在天体物理学中有着重要的研究意义，对于了解恒星间的关系具有重要价值。" + "双星系统是指由两颗恒星组成，相对于其他恒星来说，位置看起来非常靠近的天体系统。双星可以分为物理双星和光学双星。物理双星是指两颗恒星彼此有引力作用，一般都是围绕共同质量中心运动，也称为联星。而光学双星是指两颗恒星看起来位置非常靠近，但实际距离很远，它们之间没有物理关联。双星系统在天体物理学中有着重要的研究意义，对于了解恒星间的关系具有重要价值。" ], [ "谁是双星系统的发现者？", @@ -381042,7 +381042,7 @@ "history": [ [ "新疆能源职业技术学院全日制高等职业院校\n中文名\n新疆能源职业技术学院\n外文名\nXinjiang Vocational institute of Energy Technical\n简 称\n能源学院\n创办时间\n2005年7月\n办学性质\n非营利性民办职业专科院校\n学校类别\n综合类\n主管部门\n新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅\n高职专业\n22个\n院系设置\n能源机械系、管理工程系、电子信息系等\n校 训\n和谐、有序、诚信、务实\n校 歌\n《追梦》\n地 址\n乌鲁木齐市达坂城区洛宾路8号\n院校代码\n12570\n \n基本信息\n新疆能源职业技术学院学院简介 \n新疆能源职业技术学院位于风景秀丽的乌鲁木齐市达坂城区，其行政中心达坂城镇距市区80余公里，兰新铁路、312国道和吐-乌-大高等级公路穿越区境，这里环境优雅、交通便利、三面由天山环绕，雪峰峡谷、草原湿地、风景秀丽、气候宜人。学院基础设施配套完整，教学楼、办公楼、实验实训楼、图书馆、文化交流中心、学生公寓、学生食堂一应俱全；足球场、篮球场、田径场、健身场地设施完善。学院在册学生7300余人，教职工285人,专职教师212人，建立了一支师德高尚、教学理念先进、改革意识强、有较高教育教学水平、较强技术实践能力、专兼结合、结构合理师资队伍。学院坚持严谨治学,立德树人,教书育人,恪守“和谐 ,有序、诚信、务实”的校训，以培养高素质技术技能人才，创建和谐文明人文校园为目标。自2005年办学以来，毕业生就业率稳定在95%以上，为社会培养了一大批高素质技术技能人才，为自治区的经济建设与社会发展做出了重要贡献。\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n学院环境\n学院已建成较完整的实践教学体系，建有钳工实训室,电工电子实训室、机电一体化实训室（车床、铣床、数控）、电机拖动实训室、液压传动实训室、PLC实训室、电厂热能动力装置实训室、会计实训等实验实训室，涉及机械、热能动力、电力和会计信息等4个专业群。学院注重对学生的学习能力、就业能力、发展能力的培养。学院坚持“大学学历+职业技能培训+社会实践+健康体魄”的人才培养模式，注重对学生的生存能力、生活能力、学习能力、就业能力、发展能力五大能力培养，是有志青年理想的学习成长场所。\n新疆能源职业技术学院学院标识 \n新疆能源职业技术学院校徽\n\n请问新疆能源职业技术学院是一所什么性质的学校？", - "你好，Human。新疆能源职业技术学院是一所非营利性民办职业专科院校。这意味着该学院不是以盈利为目的，而是以提供高等职业教育为主要使命的民办学校。" + "新疆能源职业技术学院是一所非营利性民办职业专科院校。这意味着该学院不是以盈利为目的，而是以提供高等职业教育为主要使命的民办学校。" ], [ "新疆能源职业技术学院的主管部门是哪里？", @@ -381252,7 +381252,7 @@ "history": [ [ "菜鸟\n菜鸟是一个网络用语，一指新手\n，二指在某方面应用水平较低者。某个人刚刚加入某个团队，或某个组织刚刚进入某个行业，适应环境，接受新的事物，都是需要一个过程的，处在这个过程阶段的人或组织，就叫菜鸟。\n中文名\n菜鸟\n外文名\nprobie\ntrainee\nnewbie\nfreshman\n拼 音\ncài niǎo\n意 思\n新人\n分 类\n网络流行语\n对 象\n人或组织\n本 意\n用于作菜的鸟类\n \n菜鸟解释 \n网络词语。菜鸟本意是用于作菜的鸟类，现在菜鸟也指在其它方面应用水平较低者。多出现在网络中，现在也应用在生活中。\n菜鸟网络词汇 \n【菜鸟】从字面上来看菜鸟一词好像是指一种吃菜的鸟类，其实不然。那么菜鸟一词是怎么来的呢？以前人们养鸽子，不是为了吃鸽子而是养着玩的，这些鸽子又叫信鸽——虽然这些鸽子绝大部分不是用来送信的。改革开放以后，为了满足人们日益增长的吃的需求，有人开始养专门供人们吃的鸽子，为了同信鸽区别，人们管这种鸽子叫肉鸽，也叫菜鸽。诸如此类的还有肉鹌鹑、菜鹌鹑等等。像这种养来专门供人吃的鸟类，人们统称它们肉鸟，也叫菜鸟。这就是菜鸟一词的由来。\n菜鸟来源 \n一种说法是原本为“笨鸟”，某人误把“笨”看成了“菜”，后被人嘲笑而传开菜鸟一词，用于蔑视小白而广泛使用（本条确为牵强附会）。另一种说法是菜鸟源自NBA，刚刚加入NBA的统称菜鸟，意思就是说，某个人刚刚加入某个团队，或接受新的事物，都是需要一个过程的，处在这个过程阶段的人，就叫菜鸟。河南山东方言中略有提及，菜鸟笨蛋齐名，或先有笨蛋，后衍生菜鸟。存疑。菜，在两地方言中亦等于笨。\n菜鸟释义\n\n请问“菜鸟”这个词是怎么来的？", - "你好，Human。关于“菜鸟”这个词的由来有一些说法。一种说法是原本为“笨鸟”，有人误把“笨”看成了“菜”，后被人嘲笑而传开。另一种说法是菜鸟源自NBA，指刚刚加入NBA的新手。同时，菜鸟在河南和山东方言中的意思也等于笨。总的来说，“菜鸟”是一个网络用语，用来形容新手或者在某方面技能较低的人。" + "关于“菜鸟”这个词的由来有一些说法。一种说法是原本为“笨鸟”，有人误把“笨”看成了“菜”，后被人嘲笑而传开。另一种说法是菜鸟源自NBA，指刚刚加入NBA的新手。同时，菜鸟在河南和山东方言中的意思也等于笨。总的来说，“菜鸟”是一个网络用语，用来形容新手或者在某方面技能较低的人。" ], [ "菜鸟这个词在英文里面怎么表达呢？", @@ -381983,11 +381983,11 @@ { "instruction": "了解了，谢谢你的解答。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human。如果你还有其他问题或者需要帮助，请随时向我提问。我很高兴能为你提供帮助。", + "output": "不客气。如果你还有其他问题或者需要帮助，请随时向我提问。我很高兴能为你提供帮助。", "history": [ [ "红丝绒\n红丝绒（Into Red Velvet），轻音乐名称，是班得瑞《寂静山林》专辑的第9首曲子。\n中文名\n红丝绒\n外文名\nInto Red Velvet\n属班得瑞专辑\n寂静山林 Silence\n发行公司\n金革唱片\n专辑发行时间\n1990年\n风 格\n纯音乐\n \n红丝绒简介 \n轻音乐“红丝绒”翻译成英文“Into Red Velvet”属班得瑞专辑：寂静山林 Silence发行公司：金革唱片专辑发行时间：1990年风格：纯音乐\n红丝绒意境 \n人类不曾真正自由爱过。爱从不曾只单纯是爱。爱必须是背叛的反义，爱必须不打扰他人悄悄进行，爱也背负牢不可破的所有权意识，在艺术的催眠下，爱更可以是用一种唯美的方式彼此折磨。既然爱本无罪，这样爱又何妨？\n\n请问“红丝绒”是一首轻音乐吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，“红丝绒”是一首轻音乐，其英文名为“Into Red Velvet”。它是由班得瑞演奏的，并收录在他们的专辑《寂静山林》中。这首曲子是专辑中的第9首，并于1990年由金革唱片公司发行。它的风格属于纯音乐。" + "是的，“红丝绒”是一首轻音乐，其英文名为“Into Red Velvet”。它是由班得瑞演奏的，并收录在他们的专辑《寂静山林》中。这首曲子是专辑中的第9首，并于1990年由金革唱片公司发行。它的风格属于纯音乐。" ], [ "那么，红丝绒这首曲子的意境是什么？", @@ -382048,7 +382048,7 @@ "history": [ [ "我的世界\n《我的世界》是一款沙盒类电子游戏，开创者为马库斯·阿列克谢·泊松。游戏由Mojang Studios维护，隶属于微软Xbox游戏工作室。中国版现由网易游戏代理\n，于2017年8月8日在中国大陆运营\n。自开创伊始到延斯·伯根斯坦加入并负责开发之前，我的世界几乎全部的开发工作由Notch完成。游戏音乐由丹尼尔·罗森菲尔德和莉娜·雷恩创作；克里斯托弗·泽特斯特兰绘制了游戏中的画。游戏最初于2009年5月17日作为Classic版本发布，并于2011年11月18日发布Java正式版。我的世界的游戏平台囊括桌面设备、移动设备和游戏主机。\n该游戏以玩家在三维空间中自由地创造和破坏不同种类的方块为主题。玩家在游戏中可以在单人或多人模式中通过摧毁或创造精妙绝伦的建筑物和艺术，或者收集物品探索地图以完成游戏的成就（进度）。玩家也可以尝试红石电路和指令等玩法。\n中文名\n我的世界\n原版名称\nMinecraft\n别 名\nMC、麦块\n游戏类型\n沙盒游戏\n原作者\n马库斯·阿列克谢·泊松\n游戏平台\nJava版：Windows、macOS、Linux\n基岩版：Android、iOS、Fire OS、Windows 、Gear VR、Fire TV、Xbox 、PS4、任天堂Switch、Windows 10 mobile 、Linux\n教育版：macOS、iOS、Windows\n原主机版：Xbox360、PS3、PSV、Wii U\nWindows 10 版：Windows 10\n所属系列\n沙盒游戏，开放世界\n地 区\n全球\n开发商\nMojang Studios\n发行公司\nMojang Studios\nXbox Game Studios\n网易游戏（中国版代理商）\n发行日期\n2009年5月17日(Java版)\n2011年8月16日(基岩版)\n2016年11月1日(教育版)\n2017年8月8日(中国版)\n游戏售价\n165 元(Minecraft: Java 版售价为165元，Win10基岩版71元，中国版免费。)\n制作人\n马库斯·阿列克谢·泊松(2009年–2014年，已退出制作)\n延斯·伯根斯坦(2014年～)\n总 监\n昂内丝·拉尔森\n主要配音\nDry Hands、Minecraft、Wet Hands、Alpha、Swden\n背景音乐\n丹尼尔·罗森菲尔德（C418）、Minecraft - Volume Alpha\n内容主题\n\n请问《我的世界》这款游戏是谁开发的？", - "你好，Human！《我的世界》是一款沙盒类电子游戏，由瑞典开发者马库斯·阿列克谢·泊松（简称Notch）创立。游戏目前由Mojang Studios进行维护，这个开发团队隶属于微软Xbox游戏工作室。与此同时，中国大陆的《我的世界》由网易游戏代理并自2017年8月8日起在中国运营。" + "《我的世界》是一款沙盒类电子游戏，由瑞典开发者马库斯·阿列克谢·泊松（简称Notch）创立。游戏目前由Mojang Studios进行维护，这个开发团队隶属于微软Xbox游戏工作室。与此同时，中国大陆的《我的世界》由网易游戏代理并自2017年8月8日起在中国运营。" ], [ "《我的世界》的主要玩法有哪些？", @@ -382839,7 +382839,7 @@ "history": [ [ "无锡太湖\n“无锡太湖”品牌为一汽客车（无锡）有限公司所有。“太湖”牌商标以“包孕吴越，一碧万顷”的“太湖”命名，业已形成涵盖从6米至12米的团体旅游、公路客运、城市客运三大客车系列，远销亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲等20个国家，还为部队和民品市场生产提供最合适的专用客车。\n中文名\n“无锡太湖”牌、“太湖”牌\n创立时间\n二○○五年一月八日\n所属公司\n一汽客车（无锡）有限公司\n所属行业\n汽车制造\n \n无锡太湖品牌特色 \n“太湖”牌客车的显著特点是“豪华、舒适、经济”，具有卓越的驾乘性能，整车性能优良，安全可靠，产品设计理念以人为本，驾驶动力强劲出色、外形新颖时尚、美观大方；内饰简洁大方、明畅豪华，处处显出创新精髓，卓尔不凡，彰显本色。\n无锡太湖品牌荣誉 \n“太湖”牌产品荣获上海市民最受欢迎的国产车称号；荣获中国保护消费者基金会颁发的用户和消费者信得过金奖；荣获中国新技术新产品博览会金奖；并多年获得江苏省和无锡市名牌产品称号；1997年、1998年太湖客车是被全国人大和政协两会首次指定使用的国产车。\n\n你好，请问“太湖”牌客车是哪家公司生产的？", - "你好，Human！“太湖”牌客车是由一汽客车（无锡）有限公司生产的。该公司位于无锡，因此车辆品牌命名为“无锡太湖”。" + "“太湖”牌客车是由一汽客车（无锡）有限公司生产的。该公司位于无锡，因此车辆品牌命名为“无锡太湖”。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，能让我了解一下太湖牌客车的主要特点吗？", @@ -383763,7 +383763,7 @@ "history": [ [ "青岛\n《青岛》是武夷影业集团出品，东方国韵集团制作，田七作词，田七作曲，姚文文演唱的一首文旅宣传公益歌曲。\n中文名\n青岛\n外文名\nQingdao\n歌曲时长\n0时04分20秒\n歌曲原唱\n姚文文\n填 词\n田七\n谱 曲\n田七\n音乐风格\n流行\n发行日期\n2020年10月27日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n唱片公司\n武夷影业集团（福建）有限公司\n制作人\n彭立冲\n \n青岛歌曲主创 \n词：田七曲：田七编曲：溪风总监制：张子扬艺术指导：卞留念出品人：彭加明/王爱兰总策划：叶德才制作人：彭立冲音乐总监：知了策划总监：张弛/李永推广总监：吴坤/田会娜发行总监：夏天录音师：易志鹏分轨混音：溪木人声混音：贾佳OP：@东方国乐出品：武夷影业集团制作：东方国韵集团\n青岛歌曲歌词 \n海上的风 渐渐地停了雨 依旧不紧不慢地下着我 在青岛的海边凝望着你款款走来 缱绻执笔画心海上的云 隐隐地散了雾 依旧不增不减地绕着我 在青岛的海边守候着你轻轻走来 氤氲执笔写心恍惚间 又回到了昔日的憧憬执子之手漫步 在栈桥上徘徊透视月光 我看见了你羞涩的笑脸岸拍浪花 我听见了你动听的声音海上的云 隐隐地散了雾 依旧不增不减地绕着我 在青岛的海边守候着你轻轻走来 氤氲执笔写心恍惚间 又回到了昔日的憧憬执子之手漫步 在栈桥上徘徊透视月光 我看见了你羞涩的笑脸岸拍浪花 我听见了你动听的声音顷刻间 又回到了昔时的眷恋执子之手漫步 在崂山中邂逅靠近礁石 我梦到了你旖旎的身影轻抚沙滩 我寻到了你遗留的脚印轻抚沙滩 我寻到了你遗留的脚印\n\n我需要了解关于歌曲《青岛》的相关信息。歌曲的发行日期是什么时候？", - "你好，Human！歌曲《青岛》的发行日期是2020年10月27日。" + "歌曲《青岛》的发行日期是2020年10月27日。" ], [ "谢谢你！《青岛》这首歌的填词和谱曲人是谁？", @@ -384365,7 +384365,7 @@ "history": [ [ "洗澡巾\n洗澡巾是洗澡用的日用品，有布、纱等材料。\n中文名\n洗澡巾\n外文名\nbath towel\n材 料\n布、纱等\n \n洗澡巾构成及用途 \n洗澡巾包括有两片固定联接于一起的巾面，巾面之间形成大口袋腔，其特征在于：在巾面的内表面固定联接有片状的内储巾，内储巾与巾面之间形成小口袋腔，小口袋腔的开口与大口袋腔的开口同向。使用本实用新型时，可以将洗浴用品放入小口袋腔中，洗浴用品慢慢溶化并通过小口袋腔外侧的巾面渗出，均匀地涂擦在皮肤上。本实用新型使用方便，节约洗浴用品，擦拭皮肤均匀，便于杀菌和吸收营养成分，人体感觉舒服。\n洗澡巾洗澡巾的害处 \n我们洗澡时用洗澡巾擦洗皮肤，正常皮肤表面有由皮脂腺、汗腺分泌物及脱落的上皮细胞形成的酸性保护膜以及角质层，只有0.1毫米厚，呈弱酸性，但它却是阻止病菌和有害射线入侵人体的第一道防线。这层“死皮肤”更换速度缓慢，最快的也需要十多天。洗澡时如果用毛巾在肌肤上反复用力搓擦，很容易损伤皮肤，使表皮角化层过多脱落，皮肤就会变得干燥，甚至发生皮肤瘙痒，还会让病菌和有害射线乘虚而入，使人易患毛囊炎、疖肿等多种皮肤病，洗澡时用沐浴手套就能将伤害降到较低程度了。所以不提倡用洗澡巾搓澡。越来越多的人放弃了原来的普通毛巾，用起了洗澡巾。然而，科学调查表明，除了方便外，尼龙洗澡巾对皮肤健康几乎没有什么益处。首先，洗澡巾质硬而粗糙的表面直接损伤皮肤，使表皮角化层过多地被搓擦而脱落，保护作用减弱。其次，使用洗澡巾，还可传播一些皮肤传染病。尤其是与他人共用洗澡巾，传染的机会更多，经常使用洗澡巾，还容易得疖子、脓疱疮等皮肤病。因此，许多医生呼吁人们慎用或不用尼龙洗澡巾，即使使用，也不能用力搓擦，更不能全家共用一个搓澡巾。\n\n请问洗澡巾的构成和用途是什么？", - "你好，Human！洗澡巾主要由两片固定联接的巾面组成，巾面之间形成一个大口袋腔。它的特点在于：在巾面的内表面固定联接有片状的内储巾，内储巾和巾面之间形成一个小口袋腔，并与大口袋腔的开口同向。洗澡时，可以将洗浴用品放入小口袋腔中，洗浴用品慢慢溶化并通过小口袋腔外侧的巾面渗出，均匀地涂抹在皮肤上。这种设计使得洗澡巾使用方便，节约洗浴用品，擦拭皮肤均匀，便于杀菌和吸收营养成分，给人带来舒适的感觉。" + "洗澡巾主要由两片固定联接的巾面组成，巾面之间形成一个大口袋腔。它的特点在于：在巾面的内表面固定联接有片状的内储巾，内储巾和巾面之间形成一个小口袋腔，并与大口袋腔的开口同向。洗澡时，可以将洗浴用品放入小口袋腔中，洗浴用品慢慢溶化并通过小口袋腔外侧的巾面渗出，均匀地涂抹在皮肤上。这种设计使得洗澡巾使用方便，节约洗浴用品，擦拭皮肤均匀，便于杀菌和吸收营养成分，给人带来舒适的感觉。" ], [ "洗澡巾对皮肤有哪些害处？", @@ -386363,7 +386363,7 @@ "history": [ [ "教学理论教育领域术语\n教学理论是教育学的一个重要分支。它既是一门理论科学，也是一门应用科学；它既要研究教学的现象、问题，揭示教学的一般规律，也要研究利用和遵循规律解决教学实际问题的方法策略和技术。它既是描述性的理论，也是一种处方性和规范性的理论。教学理论来源于教学实践而又指导教学实践，与教学实践成辩证关系。\n中文名\n教学理论\n所数学科\n教育学\n学科性质\n理论科学，应用科学\n基本主张\n理智发展的教学目标\n \n教学理论相互关系 \n教学理论与学习理论学习理论是教育学的有一个重要分支，它是指描述或说明人和动物学习的性质、过程和影响学习的各种因素的学说。教学理论是“在某种意义上的约定俗成的通例，它阐明有关最有效地获得知识与技能的方法规则。从规范性和处方性角度考虑，教学理论关心的是促进学习而不是描述学习。具体地说，教学理论主要研究“怎样教”的问题；学习理论主要是在描述和说明“学习是怎样发生的，以及学习开始后会发生一些什么情况”的问题。①大教学小课程：苏联、中国教学是上位概念，课程是包含于其中的，只是教学的一个部分，从而教学理论包含课程理论。课程是教学内容的代名词，属于教学的一部分；课程也往往被具体化为教学计划、教学大纲和教科书三部分，课程理论主要研究教学内容的设计、编制和改革。②大课程小教学 北美课程涵盖的范围要宽于教学，教学只不过是课程的一个组成部分而已。教学只是课程的实施与设计，教学理论只是课程理论的一个组成部分。\n教学理论理论形成 \n教学理论的形成：教学理论的形成经历了漫长的历史阶段，从教学经验总结，到教学思想成熟再到教学理论的形成。这一进程是人们对教学实践活动认识不断深化、不断丰富和不断系统的过程，其中系统化是教学理论形成的标志。\n教学理论发展脉络\n\n你好，请问教学理论是什么？", - "你好，Human！教学理论是教育学的一个重要分支，它既是一门理论科学，也是一门应用科学。教学理论研究教学的现象、问题，并揭示其一般规律，同时也研究如何遵循规律来解决教学实际问题的方法、策略和技术。教学理论既是描述性的理论，也具有规范性和处方性。它来源于教学实践，同时又指导教学实践，与教学实践之间形成辩证关系。" + "教学理论是教育学的一个重要分支，它既是一门理论科学，也是一门应用科学。教学理论研究教学的现象、问题，并揭示其一般规律，同时也研究如何遵循规律来解决教学实际问题的方法、策略和技术。教学理论既是描述性的理论，也具有规范性和处方性。它来源于教学实践，同时又指导教学实践，与教学实践之间形成辩证关系。" ], [ "那么，教学理论和学习理论之间有什么关系？", @@ -386878,7 +386878,7 @@ "history": [ [ "东圃广场\n东圃广场背靠九运会主会场（广州奥林匹克体育中心）、广州科学城，东北、西南侧有奥林匹克体育公园、世界大观等大型景区与生态公园，交通四通八达，极尽便利。\n中文名\n东圃广场\n占地面积\n5000多平方米\n建筑面积\n17万多平方米\n开发商\n广州天银房地产开发有限公司\n \n东圃广场小区简介 \n东圃广场位于东圃镇中心地段，占地面积5000多平方米，建筑面积17万多平方米，绿化率极高，小区配套也比较完善，小区内有大型开放式桃园会所，游泳池和网球场，及室内运动场所。户型面积从43平方的一房一厅到200多平方的复式，共有20多种户型，小区一、二期是11层高的小高层洋房，三期分别为16层和19层的高层，全部采用大面积的玻璃窗和大阳台。周边有大型商场、酒楼、四大银行，现在推出升级版的以“阳光新一代”为主题的30层高的四星级酒店，附近东圃大马路也随着城市向东转移,而被政府规化为东圃步行街,直接通向地铁口!\n东圃广场交通情况 \n公交车：东圃镇站2（中山大道），途经线路有23、224、210、883、50、515、269、296、139、289、883、503\n东圃广场周边配套 \n小区：游泳池、网球场、桃园会所 学校：幼儿园、托儿所、东圃中学、东圃小学\n商场：美华超市、国美电器、苏宁电器、易初莲花超市、东圃购物中心医院：暨大医院东圃分院、红十字会医院银行：建设银行、农业银行、交通银行、浦发ATM、广州市商业银行、农村合作信用社饮食：东北饺子馆、毛家饭店、鼎福休闲酒店、肯德基娱乐：华力沐足中心、金歌国际KTV其它：海王星辰药店、菜市场\n东圃广场楼盘详情 \n楼盘参数：占地面积:50000平方米总建筑面积:170600平方米开发周期:共分三期楼层状况:3座16层容积率:3.41绿化率:35%物业管理费:0.8 元/平方/月楼盘开盘和入住：开盘时间：1999-06-12入住时间：2001-2-1楼盘相关企业：开发商:广州天银房地产开发有限公司物业管理公司:天银物业管理有限公司噪音情况：离中山大道只有30-40米左右的距离，还有一条高速路和高速路引道，24小时不停的大货车公交车小轿车噪音围绕着东圃广场，噪音金三角之地。\n\n请问你能告诉我东圃广场的位置吗？", - "你好，Human。东圃广场位于广州市东圃镇的中心地段，背靠九运会主会场（广州奥林匹克体育中心）和广州科学城。东北和西南侧还有奥林匹克体育公园和世界大观等大型景区与生态公园。这个位置的交通非常便利，四通八达的道路网络让你出行十分方便。" + "东圃广场位于广州市东圃镇的中心地段，背靠九运会主会场（广州奥林匹克体育中心）和广州科学城。东北和西南侧还有奥林匹克体育公园和世界大观等大型景区与生态公园。这个位置的交通非常便利，四通八达的道路网络让你出行十分方便。" ], [ "东圃广场的建筑面积和周边设施如何？", @@ -387031,7 +387031,7 @@ "history": [ [ "排排坐\n《排排坐》是一首童谣，创作年代不详，作者不详。童谣分为五则，第一、第二则《排排坐》流传最广，主要遍及赣南、闽西、粤东客家大本营，还远远传播到台湾、广西以及南洋等客家地区。\n中文名\n排排坐\n类 别\n童谣\n适应人群\n幼儿\n语 种\n普通话\n \n排排坐基本信息 \n【作品名称】排排坐【创作年代】未知【作者姓名】【文学体裁】童谣\n排排坐作品原文 \n排排坐（一）排排坐，唱山歌。①\n爷打鼓，子打锣，②新妇灶背炒田螺。③田螺壳，刺到家官脚，④家官呀呀叫，新妇哈哈笑。（二）排排坐，唱山歌。阿哥打鼓，老娣打锣，⑤阿姆来烧火，⑥大嫂灶背炒田螺，老妹来把山歌唱，阿公阿婆听去背驼驼。⑦（三）排排坐，吃果果。猪拉柴，狗透火，⑧猫公担凳姑婆坐，坐烂屎尻冇怨我。⑨（四）排排坐，杀鹅鹅，鹅担水，鸭洗菜，磨快刀子割韮菜。（五）排排坐，分苹果，你一只，涯一只，⑩哥哥出门留一只。\n排排坐作品注释 \n①排排坐：一个挨着一个坐成一排。②爷：父亲。③新妇：又作“新媍（音fù）”，儿媳妇。台湾客家多写作“辛臼（音jiù）”、“新臼”。④家官，儿媳妇对丈夫父亲的称呼。⑤老娣：弟弟。⑥阿姆：母亲。姆，普通话读作mǔ，客家话应读作méi。⑦背驼驼：驼背的样子。⑧透火：烧火。⑨担凳：端凳子。屎尻：又作“屎朏（音kū）”，屁股。尻，音kāo。⑩涯：客语第一人称代词，我；读音近“艾”。\n排排坐作品赏析\n\n请问《排排坐》是什么？", - "你好，Human！《排排坐》是一首中国童谣，具体的创作年代和作者都不详。这首童谣分为五则，其中第一、第二则在赣南、闽西、粤东客家地区流传最广，甚至还传播到台湾、广西以及南洋等地。这首童谣适合幼儿欣赏和学习，主要以普通话为主。" + "《排排坐》是一首中国童谣，具体的创作年代和作者都不详。这首童谣分为五则，其中第一、第二则在赣南、闽西、粤东客家地区流传最广，甚至还传播到台湾、广西以及南洋等地。这首童谣适合幼儿欣赏和学习，主要以普通话为主。" ], [ "可以给我念一下《排排坐》的第四则和第五则吗？", @@ -388907,7 +388907,7 @@ "history": [ [ "芝加哥大学\n芝加哥大学（The University of Chicago，简称:UChicago、“芝大”）由石油大王约翰·洛克菲勒于1890年创办，坐落于美国金融中心芝加哥，是一所私立研究型大学，常年稳居多家世界大学排行榜前十位。\n该校诞生了芝加哥经济学派等众多知名的芝加哥学派，创立了法律经济学，是经济学、法学等社会科学学科的世界级学术重镇；\n而从曼哈顿计划起大批科学家汇集于此，在“原子能之父”恩利克·费米等人的领导下建立了世界上第一台核反应堆（芝加哥一号堆），开启了人类原子能时代，并创办了美国第一所国家实验室阿贡国家实验室和著名的费米实验室，奠定了芝大在自然科学界的重要地位。\n芝加哥大学于1890年由石油大王约翰·洛克菲勒创办，素以盛产诺贝尔奖得主而闻名，约40%的诺贝尔经济学奖得主与芝大相关。\n截止至2020年10月，芝加哥大学的校友、教授及研究人员中，共产生了100位诺奖得主、位列世界第四，另有10位菲尔兹奖得主（世界第六）、4位图灵奖得主及25位普利策奖得主曾在芝大工作或学习。\n华人诺贝尔物理学奖得主杨振宁、李政道、崔琦均在芝加哥大学取得物理学博士学位。\n美国第44任总统奥巴马曾长期在芝大法学院教授宪法（1992-2004年）。\n2021-22年度，芝加哥大学位列U.S. News美国最佳大学排名第6\n、软科世界大学学术排名第10\n、泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名第10\n、QS世界大学排名第10\n、U.S. News世界大学排名第15\n。\n中文名\n芝加哥大学\n外文名\nThe University of Chicago\n简 称\n芝大（UChicago）\n创办时间\n1890年\n创办人\n约翰·洛克菲勒\n办学性质\n私立大学\n学校类别\n综合类研究型大学\n学校特色\n美国大学协会成员\n全球大学校长论坛成员\n现任领导\n保罗·阿利维萨托斯(校长)\n院系设置\n学院部、医学院、法学院、布斯商学院、哈里斯公共政策学院等\n校 训\n益智厚生（） \n地 址\n5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637\n主要奖项\n100位诺贝尔奖、10位菲尔兹奖、4位图灵奖\n25位普利策奖得主\n5枚奥运金牌、2枚银牌、1枚铜牌\n知名校友\n爱德文·哈勃、莫里斯·希勒曼、卡尔·萨根、保罗·萨缪尔森、詹姆斯·布坎南、詹姆斯·沃森、吴有训、叶企孙、杨振宁、李政道、崔琦\n知名教师\n\n你好。请问芝加哥大学是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human。芝加哥大学（The University of Chicago）成立于1890年，由石油大王约翰·洛克菲勒创办。" + "芝加哥大学（The University of Chicago）成立于1890年，由石油大王约翰·洛克菲勒创办。" ], [ "能简单介绍一下芝加哥大学的历史和成就吗？", @@ -390177,7 +390177,7 @@ "history": [ [ "绿地国际金融城\n西临长江，东临和平大道，北抵武汉长江二桥，南至中山路，用地规模约为277.9公顷，沿江总长度达5680米。\n中文名\n绿地国际金融城\n开盘时间\n2011年\n入住时间\n2012\n建筑形式\n塔楼高层\n \n绿地国际金融城基本信息\n\n请问绿地国际金融城的具体位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human！绿地国际金融城位于武汉市，其地理位置如下：西临长江，东临和平大道，北抵武汉长江二桥，南至中山路。这个地区用地约为277.9公顷，且沿江总长度可达5680米。" + "绿地国际金融城位于武汉市，其地理位置如下：西临长江，东临和平大道，北抵武汉长江二桥，南至中山路。这个地区用地约为277.9公顷，且沿江总长度可达5680米。" ], [ "感谢回答！这个项目于哪一年开始对外开放吗？", @@ -390223,7 +390223,7 @@ "history": [ [ "琥珀\n琥珀，是出现在国产RPG《轩辕剑六》中的人气萌宠。\n中文名\n琥珀\n外文名\namber\n配 音\n桃宝\n登场作品\n《轩辕剑陆：凤凌长空千载云》\n类 型\n符鬼\n属 性\n宠物\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 琥珀，是出现在国产RPG《轩辕剑六》中的人气萌宠，属于山林鬼神（跟前作符鬼类似）一族，全身雪白，眼睛碧蓝，一对长而尖细的耳朵，长着一簇蓬松的大尾巴。它的同族都是力量强大的山林鬼魅，但一般人并看不到它们，只有拥有特殊能力的人才能看得见。琥珀平时虽不会说话（只会发出“咿咿”的可爱叫声），但是拥有常人所不能拥有的感知，可以与看得见它的人互动，比如将要遇见敌人时它身体会变红，遇到一些不能打开的宝箱它会举个小牌子提示玩家需要特定队友才能打开等等。它性格调皮可爱，爱扮鬼脸，经常逗得他人开怀大笑。在游戏中，也会有十分重要的作用。\n \n琥珀游戏形象(4张)\n\n请问琥珀是出现在哪个游戏中的角色？", - "你好，Human！琥珀是出现在国产RPG游戏《轩辕剑六》中的角色。它是一个人气萌宠，属于山林鬼神一族。在游戏中，它有着十分重要的作用，既可爱又实用。" + "琥珀是出现在国产RPG游戏《轩辕剑六》中的角色。它是一个人气萌宠，属于山林鬼神一族。在游戏中，它有着十分重要的作用，既可爱又实用。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。它的外貌特点是什么呢？", @@ -390288,7 +390288,7 @@ "history": [ [ "人性的弱点2017年清华大学出版社出版的图书\n《人性的弱点》是2017年清华大学出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n人性的弱点\n作 者\n[美]戴尔·卡耐基（Dale Carnegie）著 陈小敏 译\n类 别\n图书>成功/励志>励志经典著作>经典励志/作品集\n出版社\n清华大学出版社\n出版时间\n2017年5月\n开 本\n32 开\n装 帧\n平装-胶订\nISBN\n9787302461890\n \n人性的弱点内容简介 \n本书旨在帮助迷茫中的你年轻人解决当前面临的*问题：如何在生活及社会交往中与人打交道；如何克服忧虑心理，创造美好人生！本书是著名心理导师戴尔·卡耐基毕生理论的集大成之作，问世以来，作为人际关系和心理成长方面的指导性读物影响了数代人。\n人性的弱点图书目录\n\n你好，请问《人性的弱点》是由哪家出版社出版的？", - "你好，Human，《人性的弱点》是由清华大学出版社出版的。这是一本非常有价值和影响力的书，帮助很多人解决了生活和社会交往中的问题。" + "《人性的弱点》是由清华大学出版社出版的。这是一本非常有价值和影响力的书，帮助很多人解决了生活和社会交往中的问题。" ], [ "这本书是在哪一年出版的？", @@ -390319,7 +390319,7 @@ "history": [ [ "多菌灵\n多菌灵又名棉萎灵、苯并咪唑44号。多菌灵是一种广谱性杀菌剂，对多种作物由真菌（如半知菌、多子囊菌）引起的病害有防治效果。可用于叶面喷雾、种子处理和土壤处理等。可以有效防治由真菌引起的多种作物病害，在我国的使用范围广泛，但其残留能引起肝病和染色体畸变，对哺乳动物有毒害。\n中文名\n多菌灵\n外文名\ncarbendazim\n别 名\n棉萎灵\n类 型\n一种广谱性杀菌剂\n用 处\n叶面喷雾、种子处理和土壤处理\n分子式\nC9H9N3O2\n分子量\n191.2\nCAS登录号\n10605-21-7\nEINECS登录号\n234-232-0\n \n多菌灵分子式 \n英文通用名称 carbendazim1.化学名：N－（2－苯并咪唑基）－氨基甲酸甲酯中文别名:贝芬替;甲基-1H-2-苯并咪唑氨基甲酸酯;N-(2-苯并咪唑基)氨基甲酸甲酯;N-(2-苯并咪唑基)氨基甲酸甲酯;甲基-苯并咪唑-2-氨基甲酸甲酯英文别名 methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate; Methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate; Carbendazol; Bavistin; Derosal; Delsene; Methyl 2-benzimidazolecarbamate; 1H-Benzimidazole-2-carbamic acid methyl ester; 2-Benzimidazolecarbamic acid methyl ester; 2-(Carbomethoxyamino)benzimidazole; BCM ; N-(benzimidazlyl-2)methyl carbamate(effective constituent)EINECS号： 234-232-0\n2.分子式：C9H9N3O2CAs号：10605-21-73.结构式：见图4.分子量：191.2\n多菌灵特性\n\n你好，请问多菌灵是什么？", - "你好，Human。多菌灵，也叫棉萎灵或苯并咪唑44号，是一种广谱性杀菌剂。它对由真菌（如半知菌、多子囊菌）引起的多种作物病害具有防治效果。可以通过叶面喷雾、种子处理和土壤处理等方式应用于多种作物，帮助防治真菌引起的病害。然而，它的残留可能会导致肝病和染色体畸变，对哺乳动物有毒害。" + "多菌灵，也叫棉萎灵或苯并咪唑44号，是一种广谱性杀菌剂。它对由真菌（如半知菌、多子囊菌）引起的多种作物病害具有防治效果。可以通过叶面喷雾、种子处理和土壤处理等方式应用于多种作物，帮助防治真菌引起的病害。然而，它的残留可能会导致肝病和染色体畸变，对哺乳动物有毒害。" ], [ "多菌灵的化学名称是什么？", @@ -390419,7 +390419,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电影音乐电影中使用的音乐\n电影音乐(Film score) 是电影的重要组成部分，是对电影的诠释纽带，一首好的电影音乐，对整个影片起着至关重要的作用。通常一部电影会由多首音乐相衬，以更好地衬托出电影需要表现的内容。\n中文名\n电影音乐\n外文名\nFilm score\n作 用\n衬托出电影需要表现的内容\n分 类\n现实性的音乐，功能性音乐\n \n电影音乐内容简介 \n电影是音画艺术，眼睛和耳朵两个器官是在第一时间接收信息的。人们坐在电影院里看电影的一大原因，就是想听声音刺激。电影能从无声发展到有声，这也正是人们对动效和声音的需求，期望能有除了摄影美术之外的表达形式。你看那些好莱坞大片，从开始到结束，大量的音乐充实着剧情的不断发展，甚至于当电影出现某种色调时，音乐都能起到增强作用。其次，电影具备多种节奏功能，比如主观节奏、客观节奏、导演心理节奏和观众心理节奏等等。只有音乐这种形式和电影在节奏上是非常统一的，其它艺术形式就略差一些。音乐可以通过不同的音乐节奏和音乐语言，来表达这些节奏，迎合故事不同的风格、不同的场景。从某种程度上说，音乐对电影的作用是任何形式都不能替代的。”王黎光曾对他的研究生们做过一个实验，为他们放映《加勒比海盗》的同时，将国际声道的声音频道全部关掉，结果不出20分钟，有人就看不下去了。为电影而创作的音乐，是电影综合艺术中的一个重要组成部分。它的演奏通过录音技术与对白、音响效果合成一条声带，随电影放映而被观众所感知。电影音乐是20世纪新出现的音乐体裁，有音乐的一般共性，又有自己的特性，在当代人的文化生活中占有重要地位。电影音乐的主要特征视听统一的综合性 电影基本上是一种视觉艺术，但听觉要素也是不可缺少的重要辅助部分。电影音乐与对白、旁白、音响效果等其他声音因素结合后，如与画面配合得当，能使观众在接受视觉形象时，补充和深化对影片的艺术感受。电影音乐如脱离画面单独存在，则失去其视听统一的综合功能。但特别完整的片断，仍可作为独立的音乐作品予以演奏和欣赏。电影音乐是在影片中体现影片艺术构思的音乐，是电影综合艺术的有机组成部分。它在突出影片的抒情性、戏剧性和气氛方面起着特殊作用。电影音乐已经成为一种新的现代音乐体裁。\n电影音乐性质与特点\n\n请问电影音乐是不是个很重要的组成部分，它对电影有什么作用？", - "你好，Human。是的，电影音乐是电影的重要组成部分。它对电影有以下几个作用：首先，电影音乐可以衬托出电影需要表现的内容，使得情感和气氛得到传达。其次，电影音乐可以增强电影中的节奏感，根据不同音乐节奏和音乐语言来表达故事的不同风格和场景。从某种程度上说，音乐对电影的作用是其他形式无法替代的。" + "是的，电影音乐是电影的重要组成部分。它对电影有以下几个作用：首先，电影音乐可以衬托出电影需要表现的内容，使得情感和气氛得到传达。其次，电影音乐可以增强电影中的节奏感，根据不同音乐节奏和音乐语言来表达故事的不同风格和场景。从某种程度上说，音乐对电影的作用是其他形式无法替代的。" ], [ "那么，电影音乐有哪些特点呢？", @@ -390557,7 +390557,7 @@ { "instruction": "西弗勒斯·斯内普《哈利·波特》主要人物之一、霍格沃茨校长\n西弗勒斯·斯内普（Severus Snape，1960年1月9日—1998年5月2日），是J.K.罗琳的小说《哈利·波特》中的主要人物之一。霍格沃茨魔法学校有史以来最年轻的校长，斯莱特林学院有史以来最年轻的院长，魔药学教授，黑魔法防御术教授，梅林二级勋章获得者。1978年6月毕业于霍格沃茨魔法学校斯莱特林学院，专长黑魔法及其防御术、魔药学、魔咒学、大脑封闭术。魔药学大师，混血王子以及大脑封闭术大师。性格深不可测，对其他学院严酷刻薄。是凤凰社派驻食死徒的间谍。年轻时也曾当过伏地魔的间谍。1960年1月9日出生，为巫师与麻瓜混血（母亲艾琳·普林斯是女巫）。家庭不美满，幼时不受欢迎。他童年就爱上莉莉·伊万斯，但他同时热衷于黑魔法。1976年6月，莉莉与他决裂。斯内普于是开始一心效忠于伏地魔，并偷听到关于消灭伏地魔之人的预言。伏地魔认定该人为莉莉之子哈利后，斯内普主动联系邓布利多并甘当卧底。在十六年后伏地魔复活后奉邓布利多之命回到伏地魔身边重新成为一名卧底，后在邓布利多的请求下杀死了邓布利多。邓布利多去世后，伏地魔及其势力逐渐掌控了魔法界的大权，1997年9月斯内普被任命为霍格沃茨校长，期间尽力保护学生不受食死徒侵害。1998年5月2日在霍格沃茨保卫战即将胜利之际，因老魔杖的归属问题遭到伏地魔猜忌，被伏地魔的大蛇纳吉尼杀害。一生深爱哈利·波特的母亲莉莉·伊万斯，甘愿承受众人的误解，默默保护莉莉的儿子。他临死前要哈利看着自己，是因为哈利有着莉莉的眼睛。\n中文名\n西弗勒斯.斯内普\n外文名\nSeverus Snape\n别 名\n混血王子、西弗、斯内普教授、教授\n饰 演\n艾伦·里克曼（成年）\n阿莱克·霍普金斯（青年）\n本尼迪特·卡拉克（幼年）\n配 音\n艾伦·里克曼（成年）、阿莱克·霍普金斯（青年）\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n《哈利·波特》小说/电影\n生 日\n1960年1月9日\n年 龄\n38岁（卒年）\n身 份\n凤凰社成员，前食死徒，双面间谍，教授，霍格沃茨校长，前斯莱特林院长\n逝世日期\n1998年5月2日\n毕业学校\n霍格沃茨魔法学校斯莱特林学院\n主要成就\n协助邓布利多对抗伏地魔、霍格沃茨魔法学校有史以来最年轻的校长\n血 统\n混血\n职 业\n霍格沃茨魔法学校校长、前任魔药课、黑魔法防御课教师、斯莱特林学院院长\n守护神\n牝鹿\n名人名言\nAlways\n \n同义词\n\n请问西弗勒斯·斯内普是《哈利·波特》中的什么角色？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！西弗勒斯·斯内普是J.K.罗琳的小说《哈利·波特》中的主要人物之一。他曾在霍格沃茨魔法学校担任魔药学教授、黑魔法防御术教授和斯莱特林学院院长，并最终成为霍格沃茨历史上最年轻的校长。他是一位性格深不可测且行事严酷的人，专门研究黑魔法及其防御术、魔药学和大脑封闭术。他同时也是凤凰社的一名成员，担任间谍，曾在伏地魔之间和凤凰社之间充当双面间谍。他为了保护哈利波特的母亲莉莉·伊万斯所生的孩子而甘愿面对众人的误解。", + "output": "西弗勒斯·斯内普是J.K.罗琳的小说《哈利·波特》中的主要人物之一。他曾在霍格沃茨魔法学校担任魔药学教授、黑魔法防御术教授和斯莱特林学院院长，并最终成为霍格沃茨历史上最年轻的校长。他是一位性格深不可测且行事严酷的人，专门研究黑魔法及其防御术、魔药学和大脑封闭术。他同时也是凤凰社的一名成员，担任间谍，曾在伏地魔之间和凤凰社之间充当双面间谍。他为了保护哈利波特的母亲莉莉·伊万斯所生的孩子而甘愿面对众人的误解。", "history": [] }, { @@ -391303,7 +391303,7 @@ "history": [ [ "港铁中国香港特别行政区境内城市轨道交通系统\n港铁是指服务于中国香港特别行政区的轨道交通系统，由九广铁路与香港地铁合并而成，是国际地铁联盟的成员之一，\n其第一条线路东铁线于清宣统二年10月1日正式运营。\n据2019年2月香港铁路有限公司官网显示，港铁运营线路共11条，其中包括铁路线路及地铁线路10条、机场快线1条。\n截至2018年，港铁运营里程共230.9千米。其中，市区线共设车站91座，运营里程共约187.4千米；机场快线共设车站5座，运营里程共35.2千米；轻铁线路共设车站68座，运营里程共约36.2千米。\n据2022年5月香港铁路有限公司官网显示，港铁在建线路共1条，为沙田至中环线（）。\n2021年6月27日，港铁屯马线全线通车。\n据2018年4月香港特别行政区政府运输署资料显示，2017年，港铁市区线日均客运量481万人次，机场快线日均客运量4.55万人次，轻铁线路日均客运量48.9万人次。\n据《香港铁路有限公司2016年报》显示，2016年，港铁市区线总客运量15.865亿人次，过境服务总客运量1.133亿人次，机场快线总客运量1610万人次，轻铁线路总客运量2.291亿人次。\n中文名\n港铁\n外文名\nMass Transit Railway/MTR\n开通日期\n1910年10月1日\n轨道类型\n铁路、地铁、快轨、轻铁、缆车\n所属地区\n中国香港特别行政区\n运营线路\n10条(截至2021年，不含轻铁线路)\n线路长度\n241.5 km(包括市区线、机场快线和轻铁线路)\n车站数量\n163座(截至2021年，不含共用车站)\n日均客运量\n481 万人次(2017年)\n年客运量\n15.87 亿人次(2016年)\n报站语言\n普通话、粤语、英语\n车票价格\nHK$3.6-$110.0\n管理规章\n《香港铁路附例》、《香港铁路(西北铁路)附例》、《九广铁路公司条例》\n运营机构\n香港铁路有限公司\n \n \n港铁历史沿革 \n港铁九广铁路\n\n你好，请问港铁是什么？", - "你好，Human。港铁是指服务于中国香港特别行政区的轨道交通系统，由九广铁路与香港地铁合并而成，是国际地铁联盟的成员之一。港铁系统包括铁路、地铁、快轨、轻铁和缆车等多种轨道类型。其第一条线路是东铁线，于1910年10月1日正式运营。" + "港铁是指服务于中国香港特别行政区的轨道交通系统，由九广铁路与香港地铁合并而成，是国际地铁联盟的成员之一。港铁系统包括铁路、地铁、快轨、轻铁和缆车等多种轨道类型。其第一条线路是东铁线，于1910年10月1日正式运营。" ], [ "港铁现有多少条运营线路呢？", @@ -392406,7 +392406,7 @@ "history": [ [ "东京银座\n象征日本自然、历史、现代的三大景点（富士山、京都、银座）之一的银座，与巴黎的香榭丽舍大街、纽约的第五大街齐名，是世界三大繁华中心之一。银座是通过不断地填海造地才逐步形成今日之构架。 银座是许多百年老铺与本土品牌的发祥地。贯穿银座1丁目至8丁目的中央通，被选为日本「一百名道」之一，也是银座最繁华的主要街道。每到星期日下午，整条中央通会实施交通管制，成为行人的步行者天堂。\n中文名\n东京银座\n外文名\nGinza Tokyo\n地理位置\n东京都中央区银座\n开放时间\n全年 周一至周六 15:00-23:00\n荣 誉\n世界三大繁华中心之一\n更名时间\n明治三年(公元1870年)\n \n东京银座商业区简介 \n银座是东京最繁华的商业区，相传从前这一带是海，后来德川家康填海造地，这一块地方成为铸造银币的“银座役所”。这里有“东京的心脏”之称。银座大道全长一公里半，北起京桥、南至新桥，大道两旁的百货公司和各类商店鳞次栉比，专门销售高级商品。银座大道后街有很多饭店、小吃店、酒吧、夜总会。有卖文具的百年老店伊东屋(Itoya)，日本第一间面包店——木村屋总本店。从1970年8月起，银座大道禁止一切车辆通行，成为步行商业街，街上有许多茶座，游客可以坐在街心饮茶谈天。入夜后，路边大厦上的霓虹灯变幻多端，构成了迷人的银座夜景。银座是东京最具有代表性的繁华街区，因江户时期银币铸造所迁至此地而得名，由银座一丁目至银座八丁目组成。全部八个丁目由中央通贯穿，其中银座四丁目与银座五丁目之间被晴海通分隔，而此十字路口也为银座最繁华的区域。\n东京银座发展历程\n\n你好，请告诉我东京银座的基本情况。", - "你好，Human！东京银座是日本的一处著名景点，位于东京都中央区银座。它并列于世界三大繁华中心，与巴黎的香榭丽舍大街、纽约的第五大街齐名。银座是通过填海造地逐步形成的，现在是众多百年老铺和本土品牌的发源地。中央通贯穿银座1丁目至8丁目，是日本「一百名道」之一，也是银座最繁华的主要街道。每星期日下午，整条中央通会实施交通管制，成为行人的步行者天堂。" + "东京银座是日本的一处著名景点，位于东京都中央区银座。它并列于世界三大繁华中心，与巴黎的香榭丽舍大街、纽约的第五大街齐名。银座是通过填海造地逐步形成的，现在是众多百年老铺和本土品牌的发源地。中央通贯穿银座1丁目至8丁目，是日本「一百名道」之一，也是银座最繁华的主要街道。每星期日下午，整条中央通会实施交通管制，成为行人的步行者天堂。" ], [ "银座的开放时间是什么时候？", @@ -393115,7 +393115,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西雅图\n西雅图，远古部落，印第安人首领。其作品有《这片土地是神圣的》。其原名为“西尔斯”，但因误传而传为“西雅图”。其作品《这片土地是神圣的》是根据当时西雅图的一封对想要购买美国西北部的印地安人领地的白人的回信编译的。\n本 名\n西尔斯\n别 名\n西雅图\n所处时代\n19世纪50年代\n民族族群\n印第安\n出生地\n印第安\n主要作品\n《这片土地是神圣的》\n主要成就\n印第安人酋长\n外文名\nSeattle\n \n西雅图故事梗概 \n西雅图，印第安人，一次，白人看上了印第安人部落的地皮，想买，强迫他们接受交易。西雅图为了保住族人的性命，只好同意了。后来西雅图给白人写了一封信，这封信纳入义务教育课程标准试验教科书六年级上册15课，名为：《这片土地是神圣的》。其原名为“西尔斯”，但因误传而传为“西雅图”。其作品《这片土地是神圣的》十分生动，被称为“史上最有感染力”的演讲作品。\n西雅图西雅图写的信 \n《这片土地是神圣的》\n\n你好，请问你了解西雅图这个人物吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，我了解西雅图这个人物。他是一位印第安人首领，原名西尔斯，生活在19世纪50年代。他因一篇名为《这片土地是神圣的》的作品而闻名，这篇作品描绘了在白人想要购买印地安人领地时他所作的回应。这封信表达了他对部落土地和自然的敬畏之情，被誉为“史上最有感染力”的演讲作品。" + "是的，我了解西雅图这个人物。他是一位印第安人首领，原名西尔斯，生活在19世纪50年代。他因一篇名为《这片土地是神圣的》的作品而闻名，这篇作品描绘了在白人想要购买印地安人领地时他所作的回应。这封信表达了他对部落土地和自然的敬畏之情，被誉为“史上最有感染力”的演讲作品。" ], [ "为什么西雅图会被称作“西尔斯”？", @@ -393936,7 +393936,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天鹅公主\n《天鹅公主》是由歌手李晨阳演唱的一首中文歌曲。\n 天鹅公主演唱：李晨阳作词：李晨阳作曲：李晨阳编曲：李晨阳混缩：李晨阳分类：流行民谣专辑：逆天鹅公主词曲编曲混音演唱 李晨阳旅行的队伍蒸腾在胡杨滩上日落为我们关上了世界的灯风在悠扬安顿着 北方沙的冷公主蜷在天鹅湖边做着梦她用梦打开了画轴展开一幅晚空星光闪闪簇成泪珠在她雪白的礼服上织成歌天鹅湖 有一位天鹅公主波光粼粼拥她入怀中如幽梦 我爱她适时相逢我的思念都留在眼中她的心是我的忧愁终究笙箫唱骊歌她的双翼就像沙般进入我的瞳孔说着再见了天鹅湖 有一位天鹅公主波光粼粼拥她入怀中如幽梦 我爱她适时相逢我的思念都留在眼中天鹅公主 我盼我还能邂逅邂逅你若晚星的笑容如幽梦 我无惧再不相逢因我心里已有你的双眸\n\n请问这首《天鹅公主》是由谁演唱的？", - "你好，Human！这首《天鹅公主》是由歌手李晨阳演唱的。他不仅是演唱者，还是这首歌的作词、作曲、编曲和混缩的创作人，是一位多才多艺的歌手。" + "这首《天鹅公主》是由歌手李晨阳演唱的。他不仅是演唱者，还是这首歌的作词、作曲、编曲和混缩的创作人，是一位多才多艺的歌手。" ], [ "这首歌属于什么风格的音乐？", @@ -394939,7 +394939,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中国第一汽车集团有限公司\n中国第一汽车集团有限公司（简称一汽集团，中国一汽或一汽,英文名称为FAW），位于中国吉林省长春市绿园区，前身为第一汽车制造厂，由毛泽东主席亲笔题写厂名，饶斌创建，于1953年7月15日奠基。\n经过六十多年的发展，中国一汽已成为年产销300万辆级的国有大型汽车企业集团，\n产销总量始终位列行业第一阵营。\n2017年8月，徐留平同志任中国第一汽车集团有限公司董事长、党委书记。\n2017年12月21日，中国第一汽车集团公司更名为中国第一汽车集团有限公司。\n2018年6月，奚国华同志任中国第一汽车集团有限公司董事、总经理、党委副书记。\n2020年7月，邱现东同志任中国第一汽车集团有限公司董事、总经理、党委副书记。\n周治平同志任中国第一汽车集团有限公司党委常委、副总经理。\n截至2022年4月16日，长春市规上工业企业共复工复产753户，返岗员工9.9万人，复工率达56.6%，复产率达51.6%。其中一汽集团在长春的5个主机厂全部复工，累计返岗复工7438人。\n公司名称\n中国第一汽车集团有限公司\n外文名\nChina FAW Group Corporation\n所属行业\n汽车制造业\n成立时间\n1953年7月15日\n总部地点\n中国吉林省长春市\n经营范围\n汽车\n公司类型\n中央企业\n公司口号\n中国一汽 创领未来\n年营业额\n894 亿美元(2020年)\n员工数\n121002 人(2020年)\n董事长\n徐留平\n注册资本\n3540000万元人民币\n世界500强\n第66位(2021年)\n汽车销量\n341.8万辆（2018年）\n官 网\nhttp://www.faw.com.cn\n旗下品牌\n红旗、解放、奔腾等\n \n同义词\n一汽集团一般指中国第一汽车集团有限公司\n \n中国第一汽车集团有限公司公司经历 \n中国第一汽车集团有限公司前身是1953年成立的中国第一汽车制造厂，总部位于吉林省长春市，是中国汽车行业中最具实力的汽车公司之一。业务领域包括汽车的研发、生产、销售、物流、服务、汽车零部件、金融服务、汽车保险、移动出行等。\n中国一汽集团直接运营红旗品牌，\n同时拥有自主品牌一汽解放、一汽奔腾等品牌\n。过去五年，中国一汽在公益方面投入3.6亿元人民币，支持了一百多个企业社会责任项目，覆盖了西藏、青海、四川等西北、西南诸多贫困地区，直接或间接帮助超过10万余人脱离了贫困，受益人群超过150万人。\n\n关于中国第一汽车集团有限公司，其前身和最早的创立时间是什么？", - "你好，Human。中国第一汽车集团有限公司的前身是第一汽车制造厂，成立于1953年7月15日。毛泽东主席亲自题写了厂名，饶斌创建了这家公司。因此，这家公司有深厚的历史底蕴。" + "中国第一汽车集团有限公司的前身是第一汽车制造厂，成立于1953年7月15日。毛泽东主席亲自题写了厂名，饶斌创建了这家公司。因此，这家公司有深厚的历史底蕴。" ], [ "中国一汽现在的董事长是谁？他是什么时候担任这个职位的？", @@ -395481,7 +395481,7 @@ "history": [ [ "高级营养师从事与营养相关的专业人士\n高级营养师(Senior Nutritionist)从广义上来讲，是指从事与营养相关的专业人士，其不仅具有丰富的营养专业知识，更是从事与营养相关的工作有一段经历并积累有一定的经验，在本行业内有较丰富的资历。 高级营养师还因其与不同的对象结合分成为临床营养师，公众营养师、食品营养师、运动营养师、餐饮营养师等。还可以根据工作性质分成更细化的营养师，如美容营养师，保健品营养师等。\n中文名\n高级营养师\n外文名\nSenior Nutritionist\n分 类\n临床营养师，公众营养师等\n解 释\n从事与营养相关的专业人士\n \n高级营养师分类 \n临床营养师主要从事与疾病有关的营养工作，为病人制订合理的膳食，设计适合不同病人的食谱等，主要在医院工作，又常称为营养医师。此类营养师多为医学院/医科大学的预防医学系毕业。公众营养师，又称为公共营养师，其工作与公众有关，主要从事营养知识的传播、群体性的营养调查、各种与营养相关的社会活动策划，以及与营养知识宣传教育有关的影视文学等作品策划也是其工作的内容。其工作内容多为营养知识之类的无形产品。食品营养师，主要在食品企业工作，主要负责食品的开发之类的与食品相关的营养工作。运动营养师是为运动人员提供营养指导的营养师，职业运动员或运动爱好者，他们的运动量相对于普通人来说，运动量较大，其营养需求与常人有较大的不同。所以该类人类的营养有特殊的要求，应该有专业的运动营养师进行，有利其健康。餐饮营养师，主要从事与餐饮有关的营养工作，如营养配餐方案，营养食谱的开发，营养配餐员的培训，餐饮服务人员的培训等。药膳营养师，为食品和制药公司、市场协会和餐饮服务供应商服务。药膳营养师们协助企业领导进行研究，对管理和市场提出专业性意见，促使企业生产出更好的药膳养生食品投放市场。\n高级营养师申报程序 \n1、营养师指定报名机构，职业教育培训网；2、在线报名填写提交申请，再提交本人身份证复印件（正反）、学历证书复印件（彩色）、工作年限证明原件各一张、两寸蓝底免冠证件照四张（一张需要扫描版）；3、办理报名预交费，发教材及电子试题，申请准考证和试卷；4、参加理论考核、专业能力考核；5、考核每科均达到60分以上者，获取营养师证书。\n高级营养师培养目标\n\n请问高级营养师是什么职业？", - "你好，Human！高级营养师是指从事与营养相关的专业人士，他们具有丰富的营养专业知识，并在相关领域积累了一定的经验。在行业内，高级营养师分为临床营养师、公众营养师、食品营养师、运动营养师、餐饮营养师等。根据工作性质，还可以分为更细化的营养师，如美容营养师、保健品营养师等。" + "高级营养师是指从事与营养相关的专业人士，他们具有丰富的营养专业知识，并在相关领域积累了一定的经验。在行业内，高级营养师分为临床营养师、公众营养师、食品营养师、运动营养师、餐饮营养师等。根据工作性质，还可以分为更细化的营养师，如美容营养师、保健品营养师等。" ], [ "了解了，那能简单介绍一下他们的工作内容吗？", @@ -395789,7 +395789,7 @@ "history": [ [ "凉拌海带菜\n凉拌海带菜是一道由干海带芽、柴鱼片等食材制成的食品。\n中文名\n凉拌海带菜\n分 类\n家常菜\n口 味\n咸\n主要食材\n干海带芽，柴鱼片\n 材料:干海带芽20克、柴鱼片1小包、大蒜2粒、葱、红辣椒各1根A料：盐、糖、香油各1/2小匙制作：1、海带芽浸泡冷水中，泡至发胀（图1），捞出，柴鱼片打开包装备用。2、大蒜去皮，葱洗净，红辣椒去蒂、洗净，均切末备用。3、锅中倒入1杯水煮开，放入柴鱼片煮成高汤（图2），捞除柴鱼片，关火，加入海带芽浸泡10分钟，取出，沥干汤汁，盛入碗中，再加入葱、大蒜、红辣椒及A料拌匀，即可上桌。\n\n我想要做凉拌海带菜，请问需要哪些材料？", - "你好，Human。根据你提供的信息，制作凉拌海带菜需要以下材料：\n\n1. 干海带芽20克\n2. 柴鱼片1小包\n3. 大蒜2粒\n4. 葱1根\n5. 红辣椒1根\n6. A料：盐、糖、香油各1/2小匙\n\n这些材料准备齐全后，你就可以开始制作凉拌海带菜了。" + "根据你提供的信息，制作凉拌海带菜需要以下材料：\n\n1. 干海带芽20克\n2. 柴鱼片1小包\n3. 大蒜2粒\n4. 葱1根\n5. 红辣椒1根\n6. A料：盐、糖、香油各1/2小匙\n\n这些材料准备齐全后，你就可以开始制作凉拌海带菜了。" ], [ "谢谢，那么海带芽怎么处理呢？", @@ -396217,7 +396217,7 @@ "history": [ [ "防护口罩\n防护口罩是一种以预防某些呼吸道传染性微生物传播、保护身体健康为目的的呼吸防护用品\n中文名\n防护口罩\n外文名\nRespirator\n管理类别\nⅡ类医疗器械\n分类名称\n防护产品\n \n防护口罩防护口罩的分类 \n1.日常防护型口罩日常防护型口罩的面罩体是由过滤材料做成的，佩戴者靠自主呼吸克服滤料对气流的阻力，因此称之为自吸过滤式呼吸器。吸气时，口罩内的低气压使气流进入口罩；呼气时口罩内气压高于环境气压，气流通过口罩排出。当口罩滤料符合标准的要求，而且面罩与使用者脸部足够密合时，绝大部分吸气气流会经过滤料过滤。日常防护型口罩无法100%地与人脸密合，这受脸型、皮肤光滑程度和是否有毛发垫在口罩下面等诸多因素的影响。戴日常防护型口罩所吸入的大部分颗粒物是来自泄漏，所以日常防护型口罩的密合性是确保高效滤料发挥作用的关键。为降低泄漏，日常防护型口罩必须设计成立体结构，靠头带和鼻夹施加一定压力使口罩与脸紧密地贴合。日常防护型口罩主要分为防尘口罩及防毒口罩两大类。防尘口罩：是对有害粉尘气溶胶具有防护能力的口罩。防尘口罩一般是杯型，能够有效贴合在口鼻部位，从而达到防尘的效果。防尘口罩通常用来阻隔灰尘或废气，无法滤除病菌。防毒口罩：是用以保护呼吸器官免受毒剂生物战剂及放射性灰尘伤害的呼吸道防护器材。2.医用防护口罩医用防护口罩由口罩面体和拉紧带组成，其中口罩面体分为内、中、外三层，内层为普通卫生纱布或无纺布，中层为超细聚丙烯纤维熔喷材料层，外层为无纺布或超薄聚丙烯熔喷材料层。这种高效医用防护口罩疏水透气性强，对微小带病毒气溶胶或有害微尘的过滤效果显著，总体过滤效果良好，所用材料无毒无害，佩带舒适。它能阻止经空气传播的直径≤ 5μmg 感染因子或近距离（≤ 1m）接触经飞沫传播的疾病而发生的感染。口罩滤料的颗粒过滤效率应不小于95%，防护等级高\n。适用范围包括：防护空气中悬浮颗粒对人体的危害适用于传染病区医护人员的防护适用于病毒实验室人员的防护传染病流行期间各类人员的防护有毒化学、矿山工作人员，花粉过敏人员军队生化武器的单兵防护\n防护口罩防护原理\n\n请问防护口罩有什么分类？", - "你好，Human！防护口罩主要分为日常防护型口罩和医用防护口罩。日常防护型口罩又可以分为防尘口罩和防毒口罩。防尘口罩用于阻隔灰尘或废气，无法滤除病菌。防毒口罩则用于保护呼吸器官免受毒剂、生物战剂及放射性灰尘伤害。医用防护口罩由三层构成，通常具有良好的疫情防护效果，适合医护人员及实验室人员使用。" + "防护口罩主要分为日常防护型口罩和医用防护口罩。日常防护型口罩又可以分为防尘口罩和防毒口罩。防尘口罩用于阻隔灰尘或废气，无法滤除病菌。防毒口罩则用于保护呼吸器官免受毒剂、生物战剂及放射性灰尘伤害。医用防护口罩由三层构成，通常具有良好的疫情防护效果，适合医护人员及实验室人员使用。" ], [ "那么防护口罩是如何发挥防护作用的？", @@ -396351,7 +396351,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西游记中国古典四大名著之一\n《西游记》是中国古代第一部浪漫主义章回体长篇神魔小说。\n作者是明代吴承恩，现存明刊百回本《西游记》均无作者署名，鲁迅、胡适等人从《天启淮安府志》所载断定淮安府人吴承恩即是章回小说《西游记》作者\n。全书主要描写了孙悟空出世及大闹天宫后，遇见了唐僧、猪八戒、沙僧和白龙马，西行取经，一路上历经艰险，降妖除魔，经历了九九八十一难，终于到达西天见到如来佛祖，最终五圣成真的故事。该小说以“玄奘取经”这一历史事件为蓝本，经作者的艺术型加工，更能深刻地描绘出明代百姓的社会生活状况。\n作品名称\n西游记\n外文名\nThe Journey to the West\nPilgrimage to the West\n作品别名\n西游释厄传\n作 者\n吴承恩\n创作年代\n明代\n文学体裁\n长篇小说\n篇 幅\n870000字、100回\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n西游记内容简介\n\n你好，请问中国古典四大名著之一的《西游记》是哪个时期的作品？", - "你好，Human！《西游记》是明代的作品。这部长篇小说是中国古典文学中非常有名的一部作品，讲述了孙悟空、唐僧、猪八戒、沙僧和白龙马一行五人西行取经的故事。作者是明代的吴承恩。" + "《西游记》是明代的作品。这部长篇小说是中国古典文学中非常有名的一部作品，讲述了孙悟空、唐僧、猪八戒、沙僧和白龙马一行五人西行取经的故事。作者是明代的吴承恩。" ], [ "能麻烦给我简要介绍一下《西游记》的情节吗？", @@ -396374,7 +396374,7 @@ "history": [ [ "送你回家周华健演唱歌曲\n趁这个世界还没有结冰以前现在就让周华健送你回家。制作人周华健追寻音乐回到未来，追梦人周华健情歌复活越演越烈没有人已经曝光那么多第一主打歌还不出唱片音乐华健现在式12种音乐风格自打擂会齐门阵2首跨越2000主打歌团队强势反盗版，6首破亿曝光主题曲创1999年来全纪录\n中文名\n送你回家\n所属专辑\n现在\n发行时间\n1999\n歌曲原唱\n周华健\n填 词\n周华健\n谱 曲\n周华健\n音乐风格\n流行\n导 演\n邝盛\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n送你回家歌曲信息 \n作词：周华健作曲：周华健\n送你回家歌曲歌词 \n尽情挥霍自由自在快乐让你随你 守候你只有我含情脉脉一个害羞的我宠你赖你 在乎你都是我我还会送你回家我还会送你回家在这路上我照顾你 我呵护你我疼你 我爱你让我送你回家让我送你回家一辈子都让我一辈子都让我让我送你回家不要错过不要不知道我轻易相信他潇洒 又寂寞好好爱我不小心的错过只会换来一辈子的漂泊就让我送你回家就让我送你回家在这路上我照顾你 我呵护你我疼你 我爱你让我送你回家让我送你回家一辈子都让我一辈子都让我让我送你回家\n\n我想了解一下周华健的歌曲《送你回家》，这首歌是什么样的风格？", - "你好，Human！《送你回家》是一首流行风格的歌曲，由周华健作词、作曲并演唱。它是周华健发行于1999年的《现在》专辑中的一首歌曲。这首歌曲以其优美的旋律和表达了深情的歌词受到了许多人的喜爱。" + "《送你回家》是一首流行风格的歌曲，由周华健作词、作曲并演唱。它是周华健发行于1999年的《现在》专辑中的一首歌曲。这首歌曲以其优美的旋律和表达了深情的歌词受到了许多人的喜爱。" ], [ "这首歌曲的歌词有什么特别之处吗？", @@ -397137,7 +397137,7 @@ "history": [ [ "翻车鲀\n翻车鱼（学名：）是翻车鲀科、翻车鲀属大型大洋性鱼类。体高而侧扁，呈卵圆形，无尾柄。头高而侧扁。眼小，上侧位，眼间隔突起。吻圆钝。口小，端位；上下颌各具一喙状齿板，无中央缝。鳃孔小，位于胸鳍基底前方。体和鳍均粗糙，具棘状或粒状突起；无侧线。背鳍高大呈镰刀形；臀鳍与背鳍同形且相对；背鳍与臀鳍鳍条向后延伸至体末端相连而形成一圆形假尾鳍或称舵鳍；无腹鳍；胸鳍短小，圆形，胸鳍基部横行，并不垂直；尾鳍消失。体背侧灰褐色，腹侧银灰色；体侧带细小斑点。各鳍灰褐色。 翻车鲀为大型大洋性鱼类，栖息于各热带和亚热带海洋，也见于温带或寒带海洋。单独或成对游泳，有时十余尾成群，小个体鱼较活泼，常跃出水面，大个体鱼行动迟缓，常侧卧于水面，或背鳍露出水面，也能潜入百余米深水中。摄食海藻、软体动物、水母、浮游甲壳类及小鱼等。分布于全世界各热带及温带暖水域海域。在中国分布于东海、南海，偶尔在黄渤海也有出现，在中国台湾省南部、东北部及东部海域也有分布。（概述图参考来源：\n）\n中文名\n翻车鲀\n拉丁学名\n \n别 名\n翻车鱼、头鱼、海洋太阳鱼、太阳鱼、月亮鱼等\n界\n动物界\n门\n脊索动物门\n亚 门\n脊椎动物亚门\n纲\n硬骨鱼纲\n亚 纲\n辐鳍鱼纲\n目\n鲀形目\n科\n翻车鲀科\n属\n翻车鲀属\n种\n翻车鲀\n亚 种\n无\n命名者及年代\nLinnaeus，1758\n保护级别\n（IUCN 2011年 ver 3.1）——易危（VU）\n外文名\nGiant Sunfish\n \n同义词\n头鱼（翻车鱼别名）一般指翻车鲀\n \n翻车鲀动物学史 \n别称来源拉丁名：它的拉丁名字“”是伟大的瑞典自然学家林奈所命名。\n德文名：翻车鲀缺少真正的尾巴，它只有一个巨大的头，因而它得到了一个德文绰号Schwimmenderkopf，意为游泳的头。\n太阳鱼：翻车鲀常爱躺在水面上，看上去好像是正享受着和煦的阳光，人们叫它太阳鱼。科学家认为，这种行为有可能是为了帮助消化体内的食物。\n月亮鱼：还有一些国家的人们叫它月亮鱼。实际上，翻车鲀之所以被称作月亮鱼，是因为它的身体上常附着着一些发光的动物，加上翻车鲀的体形圆润，夜幕降临，它便看起来好像是月亮投射在海里的倒影一般。\n翻车鲀形态特征 \n \n翻车鲀(9张)\n 背鳍16-18；臀鳍14-17；胸鳍12-13。体长为体高1.6-1.7倍，为头长3.6-3.8倍；头长为吻长2.0-2.3倍，为眼径7.1-8.2倍。\n\n根据你的了解，翻车鲀是什么样的鱼？", - "你好，Human！翻车鲀是一种大型大洋性鱼类，属于翻车鲀科、翻车鲀属。它的体型高且侧扁，呈卵圆形。头部高且侧扁，眼睛小且位于上方。它们没有尾柄，其背鳍、臀鳍呈镰刀形。翻车鲀的颜色是背侧灰褐色，腹侧银灰色，体侧有细小斑点。它们分布在全球热带和温带暖水域，包括中国东海和南海。" + "翻车鲀是一种大型大洋性鱼类，属于翻车鲀科、翻车鲀属。它的体型高且侧扁，呈卵圆形。头部高且侧扁，眼睛小且位于上方。它们没有尾柄，其背鳍、臀鳍呈镰刀形。翻车鲀的颜色是背侧灰褐色，腹侧银灰色，体侧有细小斑点。它们分布在全球热带和温带暖水域，包括中国东海和南海。" ], [ "翻车鲀的食物主要由什么组成呢？", @@ -398304,7 +398304,7 @@ "history": [ [ "五洲广场\n五洲广场是由德阳鑫凯基置业有限公司投资开发的德阳最大城市综合体。项目约为120万平方米，60万平方米商业、40万平方米住宅、6万平方米公园广场、8000智能车位，打造德阳政治、经济核心标杆。\n中文名\n五洲广场\n建筑面积\n1200000 m²\n占地面积\n173160 m²\n容积率\n8.16\n \n五洲广场项目简介 \n项目建成后，一座近200米商业酒店将成为德阳第一高楼，打造德阳最高级五星级酒店，近160米超甲智能写字楼和近20万方大型购物中心将成为全城最大休闲娱乐新天地\n。\n五洲广场周边配套 \n周边教育：德阳三中周边医疗：德阳市医院旌南分院、德阳二医院\n五洲广场地理位置 \n德阳市泰山南路二段（鲁能南域中央旁）\n\n我想了解一下德阳五洲广场的基本情况，能介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！德阳五洲广场是由德阳鑫凯基置业有限公司投资开发的德阳最大城市综合体。项目总建筑面积约为120万平方米，其中包括60万平方米的商业区域，40万平方米的住宅区域，6万平方米的公园广场，以及提供8000个智能车位。该项目旨在打造德阳政治、经济核心标杆。" + "德阳五洲广场是由德阳鑫凯基置业有限公司投资开发的德阳最大城市综合体。项目总建筑面积约为120万平方米，其中包括60万平方米的商业区域，40万平方米的住宅区域，6万平方米的公园广场，以及提供8000个智能车位。该项目旨在打造德阳政治、经济核心标杆。" ], [ "能详细介绍一下五洲广场的主要功能吗？", @@ -398766,7 +398766,7 @@ "history": [ [ "南腔北调成语\n南腔北调，汉语成语，拼音是nán qiāng běi diào，意思是原指戏曲的南北腔调。现形容说话口音不纯，掺杂着方言。出自《檐曝杂记》。\n中文名\n南腔北调\n拼 音\nnán qiāng běi diào\n注 音\nㄣㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄤ ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄧㄠˋ\n出 处\n《檐曝杂记》\n \n南腔北调成语辨析 \n【反义词】：字正腔圆\n南腔北调成语应用 \n清·赵翼《檐曝杂记》卷一：“每数十步间一戏台，南腔北调，备四方之乐。”\n南腔北调成语用法 \n联合式；作谓语、定语；形容口音不纯示例这个说话～的人，不适合当解说员。\n\n请问“南腔北调”这个成语是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！“南腔北调”是一个汉语成语，它的拼音是nán qiāng běi diào。原本这个成语指的是戏曲的南北腔调，现在被用来形容说话时口音不纯，掺杂着方言。这个成语出自《檐曝杂记》。" + "“南腔北调”是一个汉语成语，它的拼音是nán qiāng běi diào。原本这个成语指的是戏曲的南北腔调，现在被用来形容说话时口音不纯，掺杂着方言。这个成语出自《檐曝杂记》。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释！那么它和“字正腔圆”有什么联系？", @@ -399122,11 +399122,11 @@ { "instruction": "明白了，谢谢你的建议。我会记住这些建议的。如果以后有类似的问题，还可以向你请教吗？", "input": "", - "output": "当然可以，Human！我非常乐意解答你的问题和帮助你解决问题。如果你有其他疑问或需要帮助，随时与我联系。谢谢你的信任，祝你生活愉快！", + "output": "我非常乐意解答你的问题和帮助你解决问题。如果你有其他疑问或需要帮助，随时与我联系。谢谢你的信任，祝你生活愉快！", "history": [ [ "高利贷\n高利贷是指索取特别高额利息的民间贷款，利率通常由借贷双方协商确定，但双方协商的利率不得超过中国人民银行公布的金融机构同期、同档次贷款利率（不含浮动）的4倍。超过上述标准的，应界定为高利借贷行为。\n \n高利贷定义 \n高利贷是指索取特别高额利息的民间贷款，利率通常由借贷双方协商确定，但双方协商的利率不得超过中国人民银行公布的金融机构同期、同档次贷款利率（不含浮动）的4倍。超过上述标准的，应界定为高利借贷行为。\n高利贷法律规定 \n高利贷民法典的规定\n第六百八十条　【禁止高利放贷以及对借款利息的确定】禁止高利放贷，借款的利率不得违反国家有关规定。借款合同对支付利息没有约定的，视为没有利息。借款合同对支付利息约定不明确，当事人不能达成补充协议的，按照当地或者当事人的交易方式、交易习惯、市场利率等因素确定利息；自然人之间借款的，视为没有利息。\n高利贷相关司法解释\n最高人民法院关于审理民间借贷案件适用法律若干问题的规定（2020第二次修正），实施日期2021年1月1日，法释〔2020〕17号。第二十五条　出借人请求借款人按照合同约定利率支付利息的，人民法院应予支持，但是双方约定的利率超过合同成立时一年期贷款市场报价利率四倍的除外。前款所称“一年期贷款市场报价利率”，是指中国人民银行授权全国银行间同业拆借中心自2019年8月20日起每月发布的一年期贷款市场报价利率。第二十八条　借贷双方对逾期利率有约定的，从其约定，但是以不超过合同成立时一年期贷款市场报价利率四倍为限。未约定逾期利率或者约定不明的，人民法院可以区分不同情况处理：（一）既未约定借期内利率，也未约定逾期利率，出借人主张借款人自逾期还款之日起参照当时一年期贷款市场报价利率标准计算的利息承担逾期还款违约责任的，人民法院应予支持；（二）约定了借期内利率但是未约定逾期利率，出借人主张借款人自逾期还款之日起按照借期内利率支付资金占用期间利息的，人民法院应予支持。\n高利贷学术观点\n\n根据你了解的高利贷定义，能简单解释一下什么是高利贷吗？", - "你好，Human！高利贷是指索取特别高额利息的民间贷款。利率通常由借贷双方协商确定，但双方协商的利率不得超过中国人民银行公布的金融机构同期、同档次贷款利率（不含浮动）的4倍。如果超过这个标准，就被认为是高利借贷行为。这种行为通常利率较高，可能会导致还款压力加大，不利于借款人。" + "高利贷是指索取特别高额利息的民间贷款。利率通常由借贷双方协商确定，但双方协商的利率不得超过中国人民银行公布的金融机构同期、同档次贷款利率（不含浮动）的4倍。如果超过这个标准，就被认为是高利借贷行为。这种行为通常利率较高，可能会导致还款压力加大，不利于借款人。" ], [ "明白了，那么在法律上是如何看待高利贷行为的呢？", @@ -399453,7 +399453,7 @@ "history": [ [ "以色列\n以色列国（The State of Israel），简称以色列（Israel），位于西亚。以色列人口达到950.6万人其中，犹太人口、阿拉伯人口及其他人口分别占比74%、21%和5%\n，是世界上唯一以犹太人为主体民族的国家。\n犹太人远祖是古代闪米特人支脉，位于地中海东南沿岸，北靠黎巴嫩、东临叙利亚和约旦、西南则为红海与埃及。起源于约4000年前的美索不达米亚平原，后因躲避自然灾害迁徙至埃及尼罗河三角洲东部，因而得名“希伯来人”（意为“渡来之人”）。公元前13世纪末开始从埃及迁居巴勒斯坦地区。\n公元前1000年左右，建立以色列国。\n此后先后被亚述、巴比伦、波斯帝国、马其顿王国和罗马帝国征服。公元70年被罗马人赶出巴勒斯坦地区，开始长达近2000年的“大流散”。\n19世纪末，犹太复国主义运动兴起，犹太人开始大批移居巴勒斯坦地区。第一次世界大战结束后，英国对巴勒斯坦地区实行委任统治。\n1917年11月，英国发布《贝尔福宣言》。1947年11月29日，联合国大会通过决议，决定在巴勒斯坦地区分别建立一个阿拉伯国和一个犹太国。1948年5月14日，以色列国根据该决议正式成立。\n以色列是一个资本主义发达国家\n。对于科技的发展贡献相当大。自建国以来，以色列一直致力于科学和工程学的研究，以色列的科学家在遗传学、计算机科学、光学、工程学和其他技术产业上的贡献都相当杰出。以色列研发产业中最知名的是军事科技产业，在农业、物理学和医学上的研发也十分知名。\n中文名\n以色列国\n外文名\nThe State of Israel\n简 称\n以色列\n所属洲\n亚洲\n首 都\n耶路撒冷（法定）、特拉维夫-雅法（实际）\n主要城市\n特拉维夫-雅法，海法，里雄莱锡安，阿什杜德，贝尔谢巴，内坦亚等\n国庆日\n5月14日(此为公历，采用犹太历)\n国 歌\n《希望之歌》\n国家代码\nISR\n官方语言\n希伯来语\n货 币\n以色列新谢克尔\n时 区\nUTC+2\n政治体制\n议会制共和制\n国家领袖\n艾萨克·赫尔佐格(总统)\n、纳夫塔利·本内特(总理)\n人口数量\n926 万(2020年10月)\n人口密度\n400 人/平方公里(2020年)\n主要民族\n犹太人、阿拉伯人、德鲁兹人\n主要宗教\n犹太教、基督教、伊斯兰教\n国土面积\n约 25000 km²\n水域率\n2.1%\nGDP总计\n3854.5 亿美元(2020年)\n人均GDP\n45700 美元(2020年)\n国际电话区号\n972\n\n请问以色列建国是在哪一年？", - "你好，Human！以色列国是在1948年5月14日根据联合国决议正式宣告成立的。这个决议是联合国大会于1947年11月29日通过的，它决定在巴勒斯坦地区分别建立一个阿拉伯国和一个犹太国。所以，以色列建国的时间就是1948年5月14日。" + "以色列国是在1948年5月14日根据联合国决议正式宣告成立的。这个决议是联合国大会于1947年11月29日通过的，它决定在巴勒斯坦地区分别建立一个阿拉伯国和一个犹太国。所以，以色列建国的时间就是1948年5月14日。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。以色列的首都是哪个城市？", @@ -400000,7 +400000,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鸳鸯\n《鸳鸯》是唐代文学家卢汝弼创作的一首七言律诗。\n作品名称\n鸳鸯\n作 者\n卢汝弼\n创作年代\n唐代\n作品出处\n全唐诗\n作品体裁\n七言律诗\n \n鸳鸯作品原文 \n鸳鸯 唐 卢汝弼 双浮双浴傍苔矶，蓼浦兰皋绣帐帏。长羡鹭鸶能洁白，不随鸂鶒斗毛衣。霞侵绿渚香衾暖，楼倚青云殿瓦飞。应笑随阳沙漠雁，洞庭烟暖又思归。\n鸳鸯作者简介 \n卢汝弼，字子谐，范阳人。景福进士。今存诗八首。（《才调集》作卢弼），登进士第，以祠部员外郎、知制诰，从昭宗迁洛。后依李克用，克用表为节度副使。其诗语言精丽清婉，辞多悲气。\n\n你好，请问这首《鸳鸯》是在什么时代创作的？", - "你好，Human。这首《鸳鸯》是在唐代创作的。" + "这首《鸳鸯》是在唐代创作的。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！那这首诗的作者是谁？", @@ -401407,7 +401407,7 @@ "history": [ [ "珍贵\n汪苏泷《弗斯特》专辑曲目之一。专辑中汪苏泷大胆尝试R&B、中国风、RAP、HIP-HOP等等，让听者不断感受到新鲜感。整张专辑听下来，回味无穷。\n中文名\n珍贵\n所属专辑\n弗斯特\n歌曲时长\n4'3\n发行时间\n2010-05-14\n歌曲原唱\n汪苏泷（silence.w）\n填 词\n汪苏泷\n谱 曲\n汪苏泷\n编 曲\n汪苏泷\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n珍贵歌曲歌词 \n夜晚有月亮相陪你寂寞我能体会还有好多梦去追你每个笑都很美好怕你会觉得累不敢让你太疲惫守着心愿背对背温暖我来给紧紧跟随你的眼泪不要再往下坠知道我会觉得很心碎想送你12朵玫瑰代表你是我最珍贵你甜甜的香味让我沉醉学满天星的韵味你就像是我的香水脑袋最特别的味蕾最夸张的奖杯你能体会手指第四根指尾\n珍贵歌手简介 \n汪苏泷，是目前（截至2012年5月）最受欢迎的男歌手，浑身洋溢着蓬勃朝气。2010年相继推出了《弗斯特》、《七夕情人节》、《慢慢懂》、《万有引力》等深受欢迎的专辑 。朋友缘极好、喜欢听人倾诉，沟通能力强，只不过有犹豫不决的大毛病。自己的音乐天赋不断被网友认可，音乐作品受到众多网友的赞誉。短时间内走红于网络，网络当红程度相当于独忆，他的嗓音温馨脱俗。极易让人受感染，歌曲创作让人钦佩不已。给人琅琅上口的感觉。另外，他可爱而绅士的形象历来为人们津津乐道。\n\n我想了解一下，汪苏泷的《珍贵》是属于哪张专辑的？", - "你好，Human! 汪苏泷的歌曲《珍贵》收录在他的《弗斯特》专辑中。这是一张发行于2010年5月14日的专辑。" + "汪苏泷的歌曲《珍贵》收录在他的《弗斯特》专辑中。这是一张发行于2010年5月14日的专辑。" ], [ "请告诉我《珍贵》这首歌的时长和歌曲原唱是谁？", @@ -401515,7 +401515,7 @@ "history": [ [ "文庙云南省丽江市文庙\n文庙始建于康熙三十六年（公元1696年），距今已有300多年历史，位于云南省丽江市古城区丽江古城金虹山南麓，占地面积1976平方米，崇圣祠、崇圣祠东庑、西庑、院落等组成。\n主体建筑仍保留着明代建筑风格，其建筑布局和建筑形式都体现了儒家思想的主流和精髓。\n中文名\n文庙\n地理位置\n云南省丽江市\n景点级别\n古城区重点文物保护单位\n占地面积\n976 m²\n著名景点\n崇圣祠\n \n文庙历史起源 \n明代初期，朱元璋赐丽江纳西族阿甲阿得“木”姓，次年，朱元璋又颁旨“授尔子孙世袭土官知府，永令防固石门、镇御蕃鞑”，从此，木氏家族实行长子继承制“世袭土官知府”统治丽江。清雍正四年（公元1726年），云贵总督鄂尔泰为加强对西南各少数民族地区的统治数次上书雍正帝，全面阐述改土归流的必要，奏请立即推行，雍正帝对此甚为赞赏，令其悉心办理。自此西南各少数民族地区由土司世袭统治改为由中央政府委派流官治理地方，土司的权利大大削减，丽江“改土归流”后木氏土司降为土通判。丽江“改土归流”后，清政府在丽江地区建城池，设学校。丽江文庙、武庙就是在这一时期修建起来的。\n文庙文庙文化 \n丽江文庙、武庙是丽江“改土归流”后，丽江纳西族接受和学习汉文化的实物见证，是促进纳西族近现代文明、促进纳西族经济文化发展的历史见证。\n丽江文庙、武庙遵循儒家文化的礼制，沿中轴线布局，以宫殿式建筑为主，融入纳西族、白族、藏族等民族的建筑风格，同时又因地制宜，沿坡地布置建筑，整个建筑群大气宏伟，不仅体现了当时的政治、文化风貌，同时也是丽江融合汉族建筑文化与本土建筑风格完美结合的典型范例。丽江文庙、武庙整体风格还保持了明代建筑古朴的特点，用材粗硕，追求实用性。整个建筑群严谨宏伟，建筑工艺精细。具有很高的艺术价值。\n建筑彩绘使用传统矿物颜料绘制。彩画做工精致、布局合理、线条工整,用色以纳西族地区喜好的蓝、绿为主,整体色彩搭配素雅，具有较高的艺术价值。\n文庙文物保护 \n1988年，原丽江纳西族自治县将文庙、武庙这两处建筑公布为“县级文物保护单位”。2002年，原丽江纳西族自治县分为古城区及玉龙纳西族自治县，文庙、武庙划归古城区，现为丽江市古城区重点文物保护单位。\n\n请问文庙始建于哪一年？", - "你好Human！丽江文庙始建于康熙三十六年，即公元1696年。至今已有300多年的历史。" + "丽江文庙始建于康熙三十六年，即公元1696年。至今已有300多年的历史。" ], [ "文庙的地理位置在哪里？", @@ -402154,7 +402154,7 @@ "history": [ [ "屠龙战士《幻战》英雄之一\n「屠龙战士」是上海战世网络推出的大型MOBA游戏——《幻战》中的英雄之一；兰斯洛特在摧毁了强盗团、杀死古代龙之后，找铁匠用龙的鳞和骨做了一套新的盔甲和武器。而他剿灭强盗团和屠龙的事迹也被传唱大陆，自此兰斯洛特获得了一个称号——屠龙者。而且在击杀古代龙时，沐浴了龙血，让兰斯洛特获得龙族强大的恢复能力。龙鳞做的盔甲带来强大的防御力和魔法抗性。\n中文名\n屠龙战士\n角色定位\n战士\n攻击类型\n近程\n \n同义词\n兰斯洛特（《幻战》英雄之一）一般指屠龙战士（《幻战》英雄之一）\n \n屠龙战士英雄背景 \n兰斯洛特出生在帝国边缘的小村子，本是普通农家孩子，但在兰斯洛特5岁的时候，村子遭到了强盗团的洗劫。兰斯洛特被父母藏在床底下，逃过一劫，但他的父母、全村子的人都死在他面前。整个过程兰斯洛特没有哭闹，只是静静的看着。在强盗团离开后，兰斯洛特一个人坐在已变成废墟的家门口，不知是发呆还是思考。不知过去了多久，一位老骑士路过，看到村子变成了废墟，就前往查看，便发现了兰斯洛特。老骑士在埋葬了村子里的人后，带着兰斯洛特离开了村子。自此老骑士便收养了兰斯洛特，并教他知识、武艺、胆识、信念，并带着他周游大陆。兰斯洛特用心学习，而且对老骑士非常孝顺。转眼十五年过去了，老骑士过世了。兰斯洛特穿上老骑士曾经的盔甲和大剑，四处打探当年毁灭他村子的强盗团的消息，终于兰斯洛特知道强盗团是大陆最大最猖獗的强盗团，其老巢就在故乡村子东北处不远的山上。于是兰斯洛特先回到故乡，祭拜了父母和村民，然后踏上了复仇之路。以兰斯洛特武艺，强盗团完全不是对手，但是强盗团这么多年都没有被消灭是有原因的。因为这个强盗团，是帝国上层养的爪牙，并且囚禁了一条古代龙，震慑其他要对付他们的势力。兰斯洛特面前出现了有生以来最大的挑战，一条古代龙。在经过惨烈的战斗后，兰斯洛特用自己武艺、胆识、智慧击杀了古代龙。但老骑士的盔甲和大家都在战斗中损毁了。兰斯洛特在摧毁了强盗团、杀死古代龙之后，找铁匠用龙的鳞和骨做了一套新的盔甲和武器。而他剿灭强盗团和屠龙的事迹也被传唱大陆，自此兰斯洛特获得了一个称号——屠龙者。而且在击杀古代龙时，沐浴了龙血，让兰斯洛特获得龙族强大的恢复能力。龙鳞做的盔甲带来强大的防御力和魔法抗性。\n屠龙战士英雄参数\n\n请问你了解屠龙战士这个角色吗？他是属于哪款游戏里的英雄？", - "你好，Human！屠龙战士是上海战世网络推出的大型MOBA游戏——《幻战》中的英雄之一。他的角色定位是战士，攻击类型是近程。屠龙战士的真名是兰斯洛特，因为他曾摧毁强盗团、杀死古代龙，并用龙的鳞和骨制作了一套新的盔甲和武器，所以被称为屠龙者。" + "屠龙战士是上海战世网络推出的大型MOBA游戏——《幻战》中的英雄之一。他的角色定位是战士，攻击类型是近程。屠龙战士的真名是兰斯洛特，因为他曾摧毁强盗团、杀死古代龙，并用龙的鳞和骨制作了一套新的盔甲和武器，所以被称为屠龙者。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么请问兰斯洛特的经历有哪些成长过程呢？", @@ -402344,7 +402344,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哈尔滨\n哈尔滨，简称“哈”，别称冰城，黑龙江省辖地级市，是黑龙江省省会、副省级市、特大城市\n、哈尔滨都市圈核心城市，国务院批复确定的中国东北地区重要的中心城市，国家重要的制造业基地\n。截至2020年底，全市下辖9个市辖区、7个县、代管2个县级市，总面积53100平方千米\n，建成区面积493.77平方千米 ，常住人口为1000.9854万人\n，2021年，哈尔滨市地区生产总值为5352亿元。\n哈尔滨地处中国东北地区、东北亚中心地带，是中国东北北部政治、经济、文化中心\n，被誉为欧亚大陆桥的明珠，是第一条欧亚大陆桥和空中走廊的重要枢纽，哈大齐工业走廊的起点，国家战略定位的沿边开发开放中心城市、东北亚区域中心城市及“对俄合作中心城市”\n。哈尔滨是国家历史文化名城，是“一国两朝”发祥地，即金、清两代王朝发祥地，金朝第一座都城就坐落在哈尔滨阿城，清朝肇祖猛哥帖木儿出生在哈尔滨依兰，金源文化由此遍布东北，发扬全国，是热点旅游城市和国际冰雪文化名城，素有“冰城”“东方莫斯科”“东方小巴黎”之称\n。2017年11月复查确认继续保留全国文明城市荣誉称号\n，中国百强城市排行榜排第23位\n；2017年12月获得“厕所革命优秀城市奖”\n，当选中国十佳冰雪旅游城市；2018年10月获全球首批“国际湿地城市”称号\n。\n中文名\n哈尔滨\n外文名\nHarbin\n别 名\n阿勒锦、冰城、东方莫斯科、东方小巴黎\n行政区划代码\n230100\n行政区类别\n地级市\n所属地区\n中国东北地区\n地理位置\n中国东北平原，黑龙江省中南部\n面 积\n53100 km²\n下辖地区\n9个市辖区、2个县级市、7个县\n政府驻地\n松北区\n电话区号\n0451\n邮政编码\n150000\n气候条件\n温带季风气候\n人口数量\n1000.99 万(2020年11月1日零时常住人口）)\n著名景点\n太阳岛、中央大街、亚布力滑雪旅游度假区、中国·哈尔滨冰雪大世界、中华巴洛克\n机 场\n哈尔滨太平国际机场、哈尔滨平房机场\n火车站\n哈尔滨站、哈尔滨西站、哈尔滨北站、哈尔滨东站等\n车牌代码\n黑A、黑L\n地区生产总值\n5352 亿元(2021年)\n现任领导\n张安顺(市委书记)\n、张起翔(市长)\n \n同义词\n哈市一般指哈尔滨（黑龙江省辖地级市、省会）\n \n哈尔滨历史沿革\n\n请问哈尔滨是哪个省份的省会城市？", - "你好，Human！哈尔滨是黑龙江省的省会城市，位于中国东北地区。哈尔滨被誉为欧亚大陆桥的明珠，是一个重要的中心城市。这个地理位置使它成为政治、经济和文化交流的枢纽。" + "哈尔滨是黑龙江省的省会城市，位于中国东北地区。哈尔滨被誉为欧亚大陆桥的明珠，是一个重要的中心城市。这个地理位置使它成为政治、经济和文化交流的枢纽。" ], [ "了解了谢谢！那么，哈尔滨的总面积和常住人口是多少呢？", @@ -402436,7 +402436,7 @@ { "instruction": "陌上花开\n《陌上花开》是由焰31填词，陈鹏杰谱曲并且编曲，小爱的妈演唱的一首歌曲。\n中文名\n陌上花开\n歌曲原唱\n小爱的妈\n填 词\n焰31\n谱 曲\n陈鹏杰\n编 曲\n陈鹏杰\n发行日期\n2015年1月1日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n后 期\n啊鲤\n \n陌上花开创作人员 \n作词：焰31作曲/编曲/和声：陈鹏杰吉他实录：李萌后期：啊鲤演唱：小爱的妈\n陌上花开歌曲歌词 \n这一眸山千重孑然中织一朵陌上花辞过山林入九华洗浊剑泡清茶风吹起万里的沙负长弓听回忆在喧哗尘嚣中染白了发掷天地沐彩霞我闯过徐海野 守过千佛崖承一诺把闲隐抛下 只为你是戎装或布衣 绝尘走千骑却不见你一笔洞庭月下 恍如天之涯少年梦酣畅了年华 可曾忆着寒风驯烈马 唤醒桀骜吧唤醒你还记得雨后古刹幡旗动笑骂声惊飞鸦你说江湖不散啊你看那陌上花我闯过徐海野 守过千佛崖承一诺把闲隐抛下 只为你着戎装披布衣 绝尘走千骑只为见你一笔洞庭月下 恍如天之涯少年梦酣畅了年华 可曾忆着寒风驯烈马 唤醒桀骜吧唤醒你行过迢迢万里 山川旧时衣这一诺溅起了涟漪 天将雨是戎装或布衣 绝地或相聚并肩而立狼烟遥遥燃起 读懂了侠气陌上花无声开起 走近你这一生正如戏 总有些别离何惧别离\n\n你好，请问《陌上花开》这首歌是谁创作的？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human，《陌上花开》这首歌的创作人员如下：作词是焰31，作曲、编曲和和声都是由陈鹏杰完成。吉他实录由李萌负责，后期制作是啊鲤，歌曲原唱是小爱的妈。这是一首由多位才华横溢的创作者共同完成的作品。", + "output": "《陌上花开》这首歌的创作人员如下：作词是焰31，作曲、编曲和和声都是由陈鹏杰完成。吉他实录由李萌负责，后期制作是啊鲤，歌曲原唱是小爱的妈。这是一首由多位才华横溢的创作者共同完成的作品。", "history": [] }, { @@ -402742,7 +402742,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中国国家画院\n中国国家画院是文化部直属的公益型事业单位，是国家集国画、书法、篆刻、油画、雕塑、版画等各种艺术门类的研究、创作和画家培训机构。该院前身系1977年12月经国务院批准成立的中国画创作组。后在中央领导的直接关心下于1981年11月正式成立了中国画研究院，2006年10月更名为中国国家画院，现任院长卢禹舜。\n中文名\n中国国家画院\n性 质\n公益型事业单位\n前 身\n中国画创作组\n更名时间\n2006年10月\n党委书记\n张士军\n办公地址\n北京市海淀区西三环北路54号\n邮政区码\n100048\n \n中国国家画院机构设置 \n中国国家画院 \n中国国家画院(2张)\n 中国国家画院下设创作研究部、理论研究部、教学培训部、艺术交流部、院办公室、人事处、财务部、总务处、美术馆共9个部门，现有在编人员60余人。其中专业创作和理论研究人员40余名，均具备副高级以上专业职称，是一支年富力强的创作、研究队伍。另外，有国家画院师生联谊部属外协单位，由国家画院与内蒙古东联书画博物馆合作成立。\n中国国家画院现任领导 \n中国国家画院院长：卢禹舜。\n中国国家画院历任院长\n\n我想了解一下中国国家画院，你能给我介绍一下吗？", - "你好Human，很高兴为你介绍中国国家画院。中国国家画院是文化部直属的公益型事业单位，主要负责国画、书法、篆刻、油画、雕塑、版画等各种艺术门类的研究、创作和画家培训。该院前身是1977年成立的中国画创作组，直到2006年10月才更名为中国国家画院。现任院长是卢禹舜。画院办公地址位于北京市海淀区西三环北路54号，邮政编码为100048。" + "很高兴为你介绍中国国家画院。中国国家画院是文化部直属的公益型事业单位，主要负责国画、书法、篆刻、油画、雕塑、版画等各种艺术门类的研究、创作和画家培训。该院前身是1977年成立的中国画创作组，直到2006年10月才更名为中国国家画院。现任院长是卢禹舜。画院办公地址位于北京市海淀区西三环北路54号，邮政编码为100048。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍，我想了解一下中国国家画院的组织结构和科研人员情况。", @@ -402788,7 +402788,7 @@ "history": [ [ "金字塔\n《金字塔》是一本2015年1月上海译文出版社出版的图书，作者是[英]威廉·戈尔丁。\n书 名\n金字塔\n作 者\n[英]威廉·戈尔丁\n译 者\n李国庆\n出版社\n上海译文出版社\n出版时间\n2015年1月1日\n页 数\n224 页\n定 价\n39 元\n装 帧\n精装\nISBN\n9787532766956\n \n金字塔内容简介 \n《金字塔》是戈尔丁重要的代表作，是一部深入探讨在黑暗的人性与世界中爱如何可能的佳作。小说分为三大部分，分别截取了主人公奥利弗人生中的三个片段：十八岁那年的夏天，牛津大学的第一个假期以及四十五岁的旧地重游——小说的结构仿照贝多芬的奏鸣曲设计，极具艺术性而且寓意深刻：在这座金字塔的尖顶上熠熠生辉的主题就是“爱”：“与人相处要有爱心；有爱心则生，无爱心则死。”\n金字塔作者简介 \n威廉•戈尔丁（William Golding，1911—1993），英国二十世纪最伟大的小说家之一，他的小说富含寓意，广泛地融入了古典文学，神话、基督教文化以及象征主义，一九八三年因其小说“具有清晰的现实主义叙述艺术以及神话的多样性与普遍性，揭示了当今世界的人性状况”而荣获诺贝尔文学奖；一九八八年获封爵士，二○○八年《泰晤士报》在“一九四五年以来最伟大的五十位英国作家”名单中将戈尔丁名列为第三位。\n\n请问你了解《金字塔》这本书吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解《金字塔》这本书。它是由英国作家威廉·戈尔丁创作的一部小说，于2015年1月由上海译文出版社出版。这是一本分为三大部分的小说，分别截取了主人公奥利弗人生中的三个片段。书中的主题是探讨在黑暗的人性与世界中爱如何可能。" + "我了解《金字塔》这本书。它是由英国作家威廉·戈尔丁创作的一部小说，于2015年1月由上海译文出版社出版。这是一本分为三大部分的小说，分别截取了主人公奥利弗人生中的三个片段。书中的主题是探讨在黑暗的人性与世界中爱如何可能。" ], [ "请告诉我《金字塔》的详细内容简介。", @@ -402868,7 +402868,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电子宠物\n电子宠物 （Hatchi）是指一种使用电脑或因特网服务器上运行的程序游戏，名叫“电子宠物”，是一种虚拟宠物养成游戏。\n中文名\n电子宠物\n别 名\nHatchi\n游戏类型\n养成游戏\n游戏平台\nandriod\n \n电子宠物简介 \n曾经有一段时间一种叫做电子宠物的小玩具风靡了全中国，当时的小孩每个人都会想要一个自己的电子宠物玩具，在这个玩具里你可以饲养一个小动物，给他喂食、养大、学习等操作。这也是一个时代的回忆。现如今这款游戏完整移植了电子宠物的游戏内容，饲养、生命值、进化等等，甚至游戏界面也是黑白的，玩起来充满记忆。\n电子宠物游戏信息 \n游戏名：电子宠物\n游戏英文名：Hatchi游戏类型：养成游戏游戏版本\n电子宠物基本设置 \n游戏版本v1.0游戏语言：中文适用固件：Android2.1+游戏大小：10.9M \n电子宠物汉化修改版(4张)\n\n请问电子宠物是什么？", - "你好，Human。电子宠物（Hatchi）指的是一种虚拟宠物养成游戏。它是使用电脑或因特网服务器上运行的程序游戏。这种游戏曾经非常流行，许多小孩都渴望拥有一个属于自己的电子宠物玩具。在这个游戏里，你可以饲养一个小动物，给他喂食、养大、学习等操作。这也是许多人的美好回忆。" + "电子宠物（Hatchi）指的是一种虚拟宠物养成游戏。它是使用电脑或因特网服务器上运行的程序游戏。这种游戏曾经非常流行，许多小孩都渴望拥有一个属于自己的电子宠物玩具。在这个游戏里，你可以饲养一个小动物，给他喂食、养大、学习等操作。这也是许多人的美好回忆。" ], [ "这款游戏现在还能在哪里找到呢？", @@ -403240,7 +403240,7 @@ "history": [ [ "金牛座\n《金牛座》是2004年新疆人民出版社出版的图书，作者是星星妹子。\n书 名\n金牛座\n作 者\n星星妹子著\n出版社\n新疆人民出版社\n出版时间\n2004年8月1日\n页 数\n186 页\n版　次\n2\n \n金牛座内容简介 \n打开这本神秘的小书，你将发现让你惊奇和心动的一切！本书所描绘的一切，很客观地勾勒出一个仅属于你的存在——你的性格，你的优点和缺点，你的快乐和不快乐，那些让你如此特别的秘密所在。还有，教会你面对一切不愉快的事，挑战自己的缺陷，发挥长处，把握成功的机会！当然了，对你最在意的他（她），这里面也有分析喔！\n金牛座作者简介 \n星星妹子双子座，从事创意工作，以当个逍遥的SOHO族为乐，脑细胞始终处于忙碌状态下，一刻不曾休息过。最爱看书（不知疲倦）、睡觉（据说可以美容）、购物（紧随时尚）。座右铭：能坐着绝不站着，能躺着绝不坐着，有足够的聪明，才有偷懒的本钱。\n金牛座图书目录 \n作者序金牛座，你不可不知的天性金牛座的心灵鸡汤金牛座的12位人生导师金牛座新快乐主义金牛座你的人生充满生机！12星座变脸大揭露附录送给金牛座的人生座右铭编后记爱情寻宝记——为你解决爱情难题的秘密信\n\n请问这本《金牛座》是在哪一年出版的？", - "你好，Human！这本《金牛座》是在2004年出版的。如有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" + "这本《金牛座》是在2004年出版的。如有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "作者是谁呢？能给我介绍一下吗？", @@ -403531,7 +403531,7 @@ "history": [ [ "外汇市场\n外汇市场是指在国际间从事外汇买卖，调剂外汇供求的交易场所。它的职能是经营货币商品，即不同国家的货币。国际上因贸易、投资、旅游等经济往来，总不免产生货币收支关系。但各国货币制度不同，要想在国外支付，必须先以本国货币购买外币；另一方面，从国外收到外币支付凭证也必须兑换成本国货币才能在国内流通。这样就发生了本国货币与外国货币的兑换问题。两国货币的比价称汇价或汇率。西方国家和我国的中央银行为执行外汇政策，影响外汇汇率，经常买卖外汇的机构。所有买卖外汇的商业银行、专营外汇业务的银行、外汇经纪人、进出口商，以及其外汇市场供求者都经营各种现汇交易及期汇交易。这一切外汇业务组成一国的外汇市场。\n中文名\n外汇市场\n定 义\n在国际间从事外汇买卖，调剂外汇供求的交易场所\n全 称\n国际汇兑\n职 能\n经营货币商品\n影响因素\n政治局势，经济形势，政府、央行政策等\n类型划分\n无形外汇市场和有形外汇市场\n \n外汇市场外汇的含义 \n外汇，看似与普通大众很遥远，但却与全世界每个人息息相关。外汇交易也是很多人投资或理财的一种重要形式。下面与大家一起分析一下什么是外汇。外汇的概念具有双重含义，即有动态和静态之分。外汇的静态概念，又分为狭义的外汇概念和广义的外汇概念。\n外汇市场狭义外汇 \n指的是以外国货币表示的，为各国普遍接受的，可用于国际间债权债务结算的各种支付手段。它必须具备三个特点：可支付性(必须以外国货币表示的资产)、可获得性(必须是在国外能够得到补偿的债权)和可换性(必须是可以自由兑换为其他支付手段的外币资产)。\n外汇市场广义外汇\n\n请问外汇市场是什么？", - "你好，Human！外汇市场是指在国际间从事外汇买卖，调剂外汇供求的交易场所。它的主要职能是经营货币商品，即不同国家的货币。由于国际贸易、投资、旅游等经济活动产生的货币收支关系，各国货币制度不同，需要进行货币兑换。两国货币的比价称为汇价或汇率。外汇市场的参与者包括各国中央银行、商业银行、专营外汇业务的银行、外汇经纪人、进出口商等。" + "外汇市场是指在国际间从事外汇买卖，调剂外汇供求的交易场所。它的主要职能是经营货币商品，即不同国家的货币。由于国际贸易、投资、旅游等经济活动产生的货币收支关系，各国货币制度不同，需要进行货币兑换。两国货币的比价称为汇价或汇率。外汇市场的参与者包括各国中央银行、商业银行、专营外汇业务的银行、外汇经纪人、进出口商等。" ], [ "影响外汇市场的主要因素有哪些？", @@ -403722,7 +403722,7 @@ "history": [ [ "满江红\n满江红，词牌名，又名“上江虹”“满江红慢”“念良游”烟波玉”“伤春曲”“怅怅词”。以柳永《满江红·暮雨初收》为正体。另有双调九十三字，前段八句五仄韵，后段十句六仄韵；双调九十三字，前段八句四平韵，后段十句五平韵等变体。代表作品有岳飞《满江红·怒发冲冠》、辛弃疾《满江红·敲碎离愁》等。\n词牌名\n满江红\n别 名\n上江虹、念良游、伤春曲等\n字 数\n八十九、九十三、九十七等\n始兴年代\n宋代\n流行年代\n宋代\n代表作品\n《满江红·怒发冲冠》等\n \n满江红词牌沿革 \n满江红，调名来源说法不一。一说调名咏水草。满江红是一种生长在水田或池塘中的小型浮水植物。秋冬时节，它的叶内含有很多花青素，群体呈现一片红色，所以叫作满江红。一说调名咏江景。唐代诗人白居易《忆江南》词有“日出江花红胜火”之句，描绘太阳出来光照江水的美丽景象。一说调名咏曲名。清毛先舒《填词名解》和清冯金伯《词苑萃编》等书记载，唐朱庆余志怪小说《冥音录》中载有“上江虹”曲名，后转易“上”“虹”二字得《满江红》调名。\n《词谱》卷二十二：“此调有仄韵、平韵两体。仄韵词宋人填者最多，其体不一。今以柳词为正体，其余各以类列。《乐章集》注仙吕调。元高拭词注南吕调。平韵词，只有姜词一体，宋元人俱如此填。”姜夔平韵《满江红》词序：《满江红》旧调用仄韵，多不协律。如末句云‘无心扑’三字，歌者将‘心’字融入去声方谐音律。予欲以平韵为之。久不能成。因泛巢湖，闻远岸箫鼓声，问之舟师，云：‘居人为此湖神姥寿也。’予因祝曰：‘得一席风径至居巢，当以平韵《满江红》为迎送神曲。’言讫，风与笔俱驶，顷刻而成。末句云：‘闻佩环’，则协律矣。书以绿笺，沉于白浪。辛亥正月晦也。是岁六月，复过祠下，因刻之柱间。有客来自居巢云：‘土人祠姥，辄能歌此词。’按曹操至潘须口，孙权遗操书曰：‘春水方生，公宜速去。’操曰：‘孙权不欺孤。’乃撤军还。潘须口与东关相近，江湖水之所出入。予意春水方生，必有司之者，故归功于姥云。”贺铸词名《念良游》，又名《伤春曲》。王吉昌词名《满江红慢》。陈维崧词名《怅怅词》。\n\n你好，请问满江红是哪个朝代的词牌名？", - "你好，Human! 满江红是宋代的词牌名。它在宋代得到广泛传播和发展，成为了文人墨客喜欢用来填词的词牌之一。" + "满江红是宋代的词牌名。它在宋代得到广泛传播和发展，成为了文人墨客喜欢用来填词的词牌之一。" ], [ "我明白了。那么满江红的别名有哪些呢？请告诉我一下。", @@ -404120,7 +404120,7 @@ "history": [ [ "千禧年\n千禧年亦作“千年王国”，基督教神学名词，源于《新约·启示录》。指耶稣基督复临并在世界建立和平与公义国度的1000年。\n中文名\n千禧年\n别 名\n千年王国\n \n同义词\n千禧（宗教：指基督再度降临）一般指千禧年（基督教神学名词）\n \n千禧年简介 \n千禧年亦作“千年王国”，基督教神学名词，源于《新约·启示录》。指耶稣基督复临并在世界建立和平与公义国度的1000年。这期间，信仰基督的圣徒们将复活而与基督共同为王；魔鬼暂被捆锁；福音将顺利传遍世界。千年期满，魔鬼又被释出，再次进行迷惑人的活动。最后即是世界末日。\n千禧年解释 \n历史上各派对此说的解释颇不相同。有些基督徒相信，基督先复临，然后千禧年开始，这就是千禧年前论。千禧年后论则相信，先是基督教教义为全世界所接受，随后千禧年到来，最后基督复临，死人复生和世人受末日审判。这种学说曾在公元431年以弗所大公会议上遭谴责。流行文化则将2000年或2001年称为千禧年。\n\n请问千禧年是什么意思？", - "你好Human！千禧年，又称为“千年王国”，是基督教神学的一个概念，来源于《新约·启示录》。千禧年指的是耶稣基督再次降临后，在世上建立一个持续1000年的和平与公义的国度。在这期间，信仰基督的圣徒们将复活并与基督共同为王；魔鬼暂时被捆锁；福音将顺利传遍全球。这个阶段结束后，魔鬼会被释放，恢复迷惑人的活动，直至世界末日的来临。" + "千禧年，又称为“千年王国”，是基督教神学的一个概念，来源于《新约·启示录》。千禧年指的是耶稣基督再次降临后，在世上建立一个持续1000年的和平与公义的国度。在这期间，信仰基督的圣徒们将复活并与基督共同为王；魔鬼暂时被捆锁；福音将顺利传遍全球。这个阶段结束后，魔鬼会被释放，恢复迷惑人的活动，直至世界末日的来临。" ], [ "历史上人们对千禧行的解释有哪些差异？", @@ -404571,7 +404571,7 @@ "history": [ [ "香菇炒鸡蛋\n香菇炒鸡蛋是以鸡蛋为主要食材制作而成的一道菜品，属于家常菜，口味鲜美。\n中文名\n香菇炒鸡蛋\n分 类\n家常菜\n口 味\n鲜美\n主要食材\n鲜香菇，鸡蛋\n功 效\n降血压，降血脂\n \n同义词\n鸡蛋香菇一般指香菇炒鸡蛋\n \n香菇炒鸡蛋所需食材 \n干香菇（或鲜香菇）；鸡蛋；生抽；老抽；盐；味精；\n香菇炒鸡蛋制作方法 \n1准备：干香菇用40度左右的温水充分泡发（无硬芯）后，用清水冲干净备用；用鲜香菇的话，放入淡盐水中浸泡10分钟后洗净。将泡发好的香菇切成片；鸡蛋打散后放点生抽和清水搅匀。2锅中倒入油，先炒鸡蛋，用铲子搅散成块，盛出备用。3锅中再倒入油，大火加热，倒入香菇片翻炒，然后调入生抽，老抽，盐和糖翻炒。4加入一点清水煮开；（鲜香菇会出汤就不需要加水）。5倒入鸡蛋炒匀，最后淋入水淀粉勾芡，即可。\n香菇炒鸡蛋食用须知 \n香菇是具有高蛋白、低脂肪、多糖、多种氨基酸和多种维生素的菌类食物。1. 提高机体免疫功能。2. 延缓衰老。3. 防癌抗癌。 \n香菇炒鸡蛋(6张)\n 4. 降血压、降血脂、降胆固醇：香菇中含有嘌呤、胆碱、酪氨酸、氧化酶以及某些核酸物质，起到降血压、降胆固醇、降血脂的作用，又可预防动脉硬化、肝硬化。\n\n请问香菇炒鸡蛋这道菜的制作原料有哪些？", - "你好，Human！香菇炒鸡蛋所需食材有：干香菇（或鲜香菇）、鸡蛋、生抽、老抽、盐、糖和水淀粉。根据菜谱，制作过程中还需要用到一些油和水。" + "香菇炒鸡蛋所需食材有：干香菇（或鲜香菇）、鸡蛋、生抽、老抽、盐、糖和水淀粉。根据菜谱，制作过程中还需要用到一些油和水。" ], [ "能告诉我具体的制作步骤吗？", @@ -405073,7 +405073,7 @@ "history": [ [ "长度一种度量单位\n长度（Length）是一维空间的度量，为点到点的距离。通常在量度二维空间中量度线段边长时，称呼长度数值较大的为长，不比其值大或者在“侧边”的为宽。所以宽度其实也是长度量度的一种，故此在三维空间中量度“垂直长度”的高度都是长度。\n中文名\n长度\n外文名\nLength\n符 号\nL\n拼 音\ncháng dù\n适用范围\n数理科学\n \n长度汉语词语 \n【词语】：长度 Linear Measure【注音】：cháng dù【词性】：名词【释义】：1.一种领取官钱的凭证。《管子．轻重甲》﹕\"民无以与正籍者﹐予之长假﹔死而不葬者﹐予之长度。\"马非百新诠﹕\"此盖言死而不葬者﹐即由政府以所谓长度者予之﹐使其持向所在地官府支取官钱﹐作为购备棺衾之用。犹今人之言领款凭据矣。\"一说指葬地。2.汉代财政术语。谓一年之财政计划。3.两点之间的距离。\n长度物理概念 \n长度是国际单位制(SI)中的七个基本物理量的量纲之一，符号为L。\n长度换算 \n阿米Am=1/1000000000000000000米（\nm）飞米fm=1/1000000000000000米（\nm，又名“费米”）皮米pm=1/1,000,000,000,000米（\nm）埃米A=1/10000000000米（\nm）纳米nm=1/1,000,000,000米微米um=1/1,000,000米忽米cmm=1/100,000米丝米dmm=1/10,000米毫米mm=1/1,000米厘米cm=1/100米 3市分分米dm=1/10米 3市寸米m=3市尺十米 dam=10米= 3市丈百米hm=100米公里（千米） km=1000米 2市里兆米Mm=1,000,000m（\nm）拍米pm 1pm=1,000,000,000,000,000m（\nm）天文单位 1AU=149597870691米光年 9,460,730,472,580,800米秒差距 1pc=30835997962819660.8米=3.2616光年\n长度测量\n\n请问你能告诉我一下，长度这个概念是用来衡量什么的？", - "你好，Human！长度（Length）是用来衡量一维空间中点到点的距离的度量单位。它是一种基本物理量，在国际单位制（SI）中以米（m）为基本单位。长度在各种场合下有广泛的应用，比如测量线段的边长、物体的宽度和高度等。" + "长度（Length）是用来衡量一维空间中点到点的距离的度量单位。它是一种基本物理量，在国际单位制（SI）中以米（m）为基本单位。长度在各种场合下有广泛的应用，比如测量线段的边长、物体的宽度和高度等。" ] ] }, @@ -405730,7 +405730,7 @@ "history": [ [ "潘文柏中国香港男配音演员\n潘文柏，香港配音演员，曾于1987年第十三期无线电视艺员训练班毕业后即担任艺员。1995年任职自由身配音演员，2000年重返无线电视而转往无线电视配音组工作。代表作：《游戏王》本田、《魔法少年》奥菲、《多啦A梦》野比大助。\n中文名\n潘文柏\n别 名\n阿柏\n国 籍\n中国\n出生地\n香港\n毕业院校\n无线电视艺员训练班\n职 业\n配音演员\n经纪公司\n无线电视配音组\n代表作品\n《游戏王》、《魔法少年》、《多啦A梦》\n主要成就\n为日本演员椎名桔平常任配音演员\n \n潘文柏工作经历 \n潘文柏工作\n主要为中年男性的角色配音。为日本演员椎名桔平、韩国演员申贤俊、张赫的常任配音演员。\n潘文柏访问\n2005年3月1日TVB周刊403期－同声同气靠晒配音组\n潘文柏配音动画 \n潘文柏1994年\n《忍者乱太郎》：魔界之小路老师\n潘文柏1999年\n《傻版僵尸》：科学怪人\n潘文柏2000年\n《大儒侠史艳文》：巴士克《变型火车侠》：狙击手波音号《游戏王》：本田《战斗王》：太子殿下《机动战舰》；葵纯、秋山源八郎、月臣元一郎《福星大咀鸟》：K先生《超级小黑咪》：大山头、史力克\n潘文柏2001年\n《樱桃小丸子》：户川老师《多啦A梦》：野比大助《封神演义》：闻仲、北伯侯、龙王三太子《魔法少年》：迪奥、莱、奥菲（基利拉修罗）《神风怪盗》：山际顺次、日下部匠、彼方木神乐、秋田《勇者指令》：泽邑森《小魔法变变变》：元茂父亲《忍者乱太郎》：魔界之小路《微星小超人》：魔神德高《机甲发明小子/新机甲发明小子》：莱武《高智能方程式之极速神话》：尼尔.舒密加（菅生修）《雷霆守护者》；樱田英二郎、柘植、仁科《全职猎人》；积奇莫杜乌兹卢、信长、大胃王《八爪小英雄》：椰菜\n潘文柏2002年\n《超速摇摇》：樱场情一《星际漫游 Ya Ya Ya》：巴拉殊《辣妹掌门人》：弁佐、健《超级娃娃战士》：筱原升《倒凶十将传》：白金一《消防员的故事》：甘粕士郎《Cyber守护星》：古罗砂《徽章战士》：龙太郎、金太郎、六云《机动战士08小队》：奇利亚斯·沙哈利、纪连《外星BB撞地球》：一发当《徽章战士》：金太郎、龙太郎\n潘文柏2003年\n《流星花园II》：阿德、老师《棋灵王》：门协龙彦《足球小将GOAL!》：古利文、北诘诚《神雕侠侣》：尹志平《数码暴龙4无限地带》：六翅兽（堕落型态）《数码传动战士》：亚布庄露、井上博士《超龄细公主》：妖精王、卡加《小飞侠阿童木》：卡达总监\n\n请问潘文柏是做什么工作的？", - "你好，Human！潘文柏是一位中国香港的男配音演员。他的工作主要是为电影、电视剧、动画片等中的角色配音，特别擅长为中年男性角色配音。他的代表作品有《游戏王》、《魔法少年》和《多啦A梦》。" + "潘文柏是一位中国香港的男配音演员。他的工作主要是为电影、电视剧、动画片等中的角色配音，特别擅长为中年男性角色配音。他的代表作品有《游戏王》、《魔法少年》和《多啦A梦》。" ], [ "潘文柏毕业于哪个学校？", @@ -406042,7 +406042,7 @@ "history": [ [ "破产姐妹美国电视剧\n中文名\n破产姐妹\n外文名\n2 Broke Girls\n别 名\n追梦女孩（台）、患难姐妹花（台/港）、打工姐妹花、穷逼姐妹花、破产女孩\n类 型\n情景喜剧爱情喜剧\n出品公司\n华纳兄弟电视\n制片地区\n美国\n发行公司\n哥伦比亚广播公司\n首播时间\n2011年09月19日\n导 演\n弗莱德·萨维奇\n编 剧\n迈克尔·帕特里克·金、惠特妮·卡明\n制片人\n麦可·派翠克·金\n主 演\n凯特·戴琳斯、贝丝·比厄、加勒特·莫里斯、乔纳森·克特、马修·摩伊、詹妮佛·库里奇\n集 数\n137集（1-6季）\n每集长度\n22 分钟\n主要奖项\n第38届人民选择奖最佳喜剧类新剧\n出品时间\n2011年\n语 种\n英语\n片头曲\n\"Second Chance\"\n \n基本信息\n破产姐妹剧情简介 \n破产姐妹第一季\n \n《破产姐妹》第一季剧照(9张)\n 该剧讲述两个身份背景完全不同的都市女孩共同打拼的故事。麦克斯·布莱克（凯特·戴琳斯扮演）出身贫寒，在纽约布鲁克林的一家小餐厅当着服务员。卡洛琳·钱宁（贝丝·比厄饰）本是一名家境优渥的富家女，由于父亲涉嫌操纵庞氏骗局锒铛入狱而家道中落。性格迥异的两人成为了同事兼室友，在餐厅打工的同时为开店卖小蛋糕的梦想共同打拼。\n在这期间，她们与身边的好友发生了许多趣事，包括餐厅老板李憨（马修·摩伊饰）、乌克兰厨师奥列格（乔纳森·克特饰）、收银员厄尔（加勒特·莫里斯饰）和波兰邻居苏菲（詹妮佛·库里奇饰）。\n破产姐妹第二季\n \n《破产姐妹》第二季剧照(10张)\n 本季中，麦克斯和卡洛琳的小蛋糕事业有了点起色。苏菲借了她们两万美元，这足以让她们开始创业的第一步。卡洛琳在糖果店遇到了“糖果”安迪（瑞恩·汉森饰），两人一拍即合，打得火热。在本季后期，麦和卡的小蛋糕生意遭遇了失败。为了偿还苏菲的借款，麦克斯和卡洛琳不得不卖掉店面，最终只剩下1美元\n。\n破产姐妹第三季\n \n《破产姐妹》第三季剧照(10张)\n\n你好，请问《破产姐妹》这部剧的英文名字是什么？", - "你好，Human，《破产姐妹》的英文名字是 \"2 Broke Girls\"。" + "《破产姐妹》的英文名字是 \"2 Broke Girls\"。" ], [ "它的主要剧情是讲什么的？", @@ -406132,7 +406132,7 @@ "history": [ [ "摩羯座\n摩羯座（Capricornus），出生日期为12月22日至1月19日，位于射手座之东，水瓶座之西。摩羯座是象征着冬天开始的星座，是天使与魔鬼兼并融合的星座。冬天把“绝对意识”毫无保留地带给了摩羯座的人。摩羯座的人踏实温润，你将是一个徘徊在理想与现实之间的人，你很难在这之间寻找平衡点，而且你会是一个主观意识很强的人。\n中文名\n摩羯座\n外文名\nCapricornus\n出生日期\n12月22日~1月19日\n星座属性\n土象\n守护星\n土星\n守护神\n潘\n符 号\n鬣羊\n掌管宫位\n第十宫\n三方宫\n基本宫\n阴阳性\n阴性\n星座配对\n处女座\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n摩羯座信息简介 \n星座名称：摩羯座英文名称：Capricorns生日时间：12月22日~1月19日(阳历)最大特征：实际、忘我精神守护星：土星守护神：潘\n阴阳性：阴性三方宫：基本宫幸运花：紫色郁金香、天竺葵幸运数字：8、16、26、35幸运日：星期六幸运色：咖啡色掌管宫位：第十宫星座属性：土象对宫星座：巨蟹座幸运地点：远离嘈杂和刺激的隐蔽地点性格：坚强、理智、承受、隐忍\n摩羯座体现及价值\n摩羯座是体现冬天开始的星座，冬天把“实现价值”毫无保留地带给了摩羯座出生的人。他们善于独立实现自己心中的理想。喜欢从容不迫、深思熟虑，待人亲切和蔼、心胸宽广、有抱负，以踏实的方式追求成功，信奉有付出就会有回报的信条。即使遇到挫折也能砥砺前行，顽强的毅力及意志是你迈向成功的不二法门。摩羯座的人，尤其当有几个行星同时处于你的星座时，你将是一个具有现实主义思想和有抱负的人；同时你又容易被热烈的感情征服，是一个有强烈忘我精神的人。\n摩羯座优点和缺点 \n优点● 心地祥和仁慈● 行动敏锐● 爱好和平● 率真● 爱恨分明、心觉敏锐● 做事沉着、思想优越缺点● 过于压抑、不善表达●自我、容易陷入困境●孤独感太重●思想躁动\n摩羯座区间分析\n\n请问摩羯座出生的人在什么日期之间？", - "你好，Human。摩羯座出生的人在阳历12月22日至1月19日之间。请问还有其他关于摩羯座的问题我可以帮您解答吗？" + "摩羯座出生的人在阳历12月22日至1月19日之间。请问还有其他关于摩羯座的问题我可以帮您解答吗？" ], [ "摩羯座是属于哪个元素的星座？", @@ -407350,7 +407350,7 @@ "history": [ [ "三池崇史日本演员、编剧、导演\n中文名\n三池崇史\n外文名\nみいけ たかし\nTakashi Miike\n国 籍\n日本\n出生地\n大阪府八尾市\n出生日期\n1960年8月24日\n星 座\n处女座\n毕业院校\n日本映画大学\n职 业\n演员、编剧、导演\n代表作品\n稻草之盾、一命、十三刺客、热血高校、诚如神之所说\n主要成就\n第9届罗马国际电影节“特殊贡献奖”\n第5届亚洲大奖导演奖（提名）\n \n基本信息\n三池崇史演艺经历 \n \n活动照(17张)\n 1991年，以录像电影《暴风！迷你巡逻队》开始导演生涯。1995年，三池崇史制作了首部影院原创作品《新宿黑社会》\n。1996年，拍摄动作犯罪片《战国极道志》，该片讲述了一个少年为父报仇血刃仇人的故事，被《时代周刊》评选为当年的十大佳片之一，同时获得波尔图国际电影节的评委会特别奖。1998年，拍摄动作片《中国的鸟人》，该片改编自椎名诚的同名冒险小说的一个章节，讲述了日本的小职员“和田”和黑社会分子“氏家”来到中国云南寻访传说的故事。同年，执导青春片《岸和田少年阿飞队·望乡》，该片是温哥华国际电影节参赛作品。此外，三池崇史还与吴宇森一起被美国《时代》杂志评为最受期待的10位非英语导演之一\n。1999年5月，拍摄“黑社会三部曲”的最后一部——黑帮片《日本黑社会》，三池崇史借主人公的堕落轨迹展现了东京街头阴暗而迷醉的一面，该片以寻找犯罪的根源为开端，以一个警察与黑帮人物的较量为导火索\n。10月，执导爱情片《切肤之爱》，该片改编自村上龙的小说，获得鹿特丹国际电影节的国际影评人联盟奖和荷兰影评人协会奖\n。同年，执导动作片《生存还是毁灭·犯罪者》，获得第12届东京国际电影节亚洲之风-亚洲电影奖-特别关注奖。2001年12月，拍摄动作悬疑片《杀手阿一》\n。同年，拍摄恐怖片《搞鬼小筑》，获得瑞哈尔梅国际奇幻电影节评委会特别奖。2002年，三池崇史翻拍深作欣二的动作犯罪片《仁义的墓场》，该片以藤田五郎的小说为基础，但思想上则赋予了完全不同的意义\n。2003年5月，执导动作恐怖片《极道恐怖大剧场：牛头》，由加藤雅也主演，该片作为录像电影首次在戛纳国际电影节展出，同时获得西赫斯加泰罗尼亚国际奇幻电影节评委会特别奖\n。6月，执导动作片《鬼哭》。2004年，三池崇史与武知镇典合作恐怖片《许愿者》。8月，与武知镇典联手拍摄动作片《以藏》\n\n请问三池崇史是出生在哪个地方的？那他是属于哪个星座的呢？", - "你好，Human。三池崇史出生在日本的大阪府八尾市。他的生日是1960年8月24日，所以他属于处女座。" + "三池崇史出生在日本的大阪府八尾市。他的生日是1960年8月24日，所以他属于处女座。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么他是从什么时候开始导演生涯的，他的第一部作品叫什么？", @@ -407595,7 +407595,7 @@ "history": [ [ "埃尔文·约翰逊绰号“魔术师”的NBA传奇控球后卫\n埃尔文·约翰逊（Earvin Johnson），1959年8月14日出生于美国密歇根州兰辛，前美国职业篮球运动员，教练员、解说员以及商人，司职控球后卫，绰号“魔术师”（Magic）。\n埃尔文·约翰逊在1979年NBA选秀中于第1轮第1位以状元秀的身份被洛杉矶湖人队选中，职业生涯全部效力于洛杉矶湖人队。1980、1982、1985、1987以及1988年随湖人队五夺NBA总冠军。新秀赛季的他在首场季后赛即拿下“三双”数据，最终获得职业生涯的第一个总冠军并成为NBA有史以来最年轻的总决赛最有价值球员（20岁276天）。NBA生涯3次当选常规赛最有价值球员（MVP），3次当选NBA总决赛最有价值球员（FMVP），12次入选NBA全明星阵容（2次当选NBA全明星MVP），9次入选NBA最佳阵容一阵，1982年入选NBA最佳阵容二阵，2次当选NBA抢断王，4次当选NBA助攻王\n。1991年，埃尔文·约翰逊被查出感染了HIV病毒，并于同年11月7日宣布退役\n。埃尔文·约翰逊是NBA有史以来最高的控球后卫，也被认为是NBA最伟大的控球后卫\n。1992年2月16日，湖人队为埃尔文·约翰逊的32号球衣举行了退役仪式，同年他作为美国男篮“梦一队”队长获得巴塞罗那奥运会金牌。之后他曾于1996年1月短暂复出，1996年5月14日再次宣布退役\n。同年10月，在NBA诞生50周年之际，埃尔文·约翰逊入选NBA50大巨星\n。2002年入选奈·史密斯篮球名人纪念堂\n。2019年5月16日荣获NBA终身成就奖。\n中文名\n埃尔文·约翰逊\n外文名\nEarvin Johnson\n别 名\nMagic（魔术师）\n国 籍\n美国\n出生地\n美国密歇根州兰辛\n出生日期\n1959年08月14日\n身 高\n6英尺9英寸/2.06米\n体 重\n215磅/98公斤\n毕业院校\n密歇根州立大学\n运动项目\n篮球\n所属运动队\n洛杉矶湖人队\n专业特点\n领导能力强、能力全面\n主要奖项\n5届NBA总冠军（1980；1982；1985；1987-88）\n主要奖项\n3届NBA常规赛MVP（1987；1989-90）\n3届NBA总决赛最有价值球员奖（1980；1982；1987）\n12届NBA全明星阵容（1980；1982-92），2届全明星MVP\n9届NBA最佳阵容一阵（1983-91）\n重要事件\n1992年奥运会金牌\n\n你好，请你告诉我关于埃尔文·约翰逊这位NBA传奇球员的基本信息。", - "你好，Human！埃尔文·约翰逊（Earvin Johnson），1959年8月14日出生于美国密歇根州兰辛。他是前美国职业篮球运动员、教练员、解说员和商人。约翰逊司职控球后卫，绰号“魔术师”（Magic）。他在1979年NBA选秀中成为状元秀，被洛杉矶湖人队选中，并且职业生涯一直效力于湖人队。他曾随湖人队五度获得NBA总冠军，并多次获得MVP、FMVP等荣誉。他被誉为史上最伟大的控球后卫之一。" + "埃尔文·约翰逊（Earvin Johnson），1959年8月14日出生于美国密歇根州兰辛。他是前美国职业篮球运动员、教练员、解说员和商人。约翰逊司职控球后卫，绰号“魔术师”（Magic）。他在1979年NBA选秀中成为状元秀，被洛杉矶湖人队选中，并且职业生涯一直效力于湖人队。他曾随湖人队五度获得NBA总冠军，并多次获得MVP、FMVP等荣誉。他被誉为史上最伟大的控球后卫之一。" ], [ "谢谢你详细的回答，那么魔术师共获得了几个总冠军？分别是在哪些年份？", @@ -409133,7 +409133,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法法律\n1979年7月1日第五届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过，根据1996年3月17日第八届全国人民代表大会第四次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的决定》第一次修正，根据2012年3月14日第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的决定》第二次修正，根据2018年10月26日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第六次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的决定》第三次修正。\n中文名\n中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法\n发布单位\n第五届全国人大\n修订时间\n1979年7月1日\n施行时间\n1980年1月1日\n定刑依据\n法律法规\n \n中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法立法沿革 \n1979年7月1日第五届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过，根据1996年3月17日第八届全国人民代表大会第四次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的决定》第一次修正，根据2012年3月14日第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的决定》第二次修正，根据2018年10月26日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第六次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的决定》第三次修正。\n中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法法律全文\n\n你好，我想了解一些关于中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法的信息。这部法律是什么时候施行的？", - "你好，Human！中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法于1980年1月1日正式施行。这部法律经历了多次修订，目前已经修订为第三次修正版本。希望这个信息能够帮助你了解到这部法律的施行时间。如有其他问题，请随时提问。" + "中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法于1980年1月1日正式施行。这部法律经历了多次修订，目前已经修订为第三次修正版本。希望这个信息能够帮助你了解到这部法律的施行时间。如有其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "谢谢，这部法律有经历过多少次修订呢？", @@ -409383,7 +409383,7 @@ "history": [ [ "老夫子\n《老夫子》是由桂治洪执导，王沙、矮冬瓜、李菁、刘陆华主演的一部电影。\n中文名\n老夫子\n制片地区\n香港\n导 演\n桂治洪\n主 演\n王沙、矮冬瓜、李菁、刘陆华\n \n老夫子剧情简介 \n七十年代漫画动作喜剧，经已非常注重笑料密度和喜剧场面设计。老夫子一登场，便有大耍少林功夫的笑料，然后追女仔桥段，继而是打工仔与上司斗法，有悲有喜。编导通过老夫子一班朋友的卡通造型，将六十年代香港社会众生相浓缩在电影里。导演桂治洪精于动作处理，最后一场歹徒以奇谋妙计劫新娘花车，场面热闹，笑料丰富。\n老夫子演职员表 \n老夫子职员表\n导演\n桂治洪\n老夫子演员表\n角色\n演员\n配音\n-\n王沙\n-\n-\n矮冬瓜\n-\n-\n李菁\n-\n-\n刘陆华\n-\n\n你好，请告诉我电影《老夫子》的一些基本信息。", - "你好，Human！电影《老夫子》是一部由桂治洪执导，王沙、矮冬瓜、李菁、刘陆华主演的香港电影。这部电影是以七十年代漫画动作喜剧为题材，里面的笑料密度非常高，场面设计也相当喜剧。主要剧情是关于老夫子的冒险经历，包括耍功夫、追求女孩、与上司斗法等各种有趣的场景。通过这部电影，导演桂治洪展示了六十年代香港社会的众生相。" + "电影《老夫子》是一部由桂治洪执导，王沙、矮冬瓜、李菁、刘陆华主演的香港电影。这部电影是以七十年代漫画动作喜剧为题材，里面的笑料密度非常高，场面设计也相当喜剧。主要剧情是关于老夫子的冒险经历，包括耍功夫、追求女孩、与上司斗法等各种有趣的场景。通过这部电影，导演桂治洪展示了六十年代香港社会的众生相。" ], [ "这部电影中具体的笑料有哪些？", @@ -409402,7 +409402,7 @@ "history": [ [ "隧道\n《隧道》是由肖建军所著的一部带有科幻色彩的悬疑刑侦小说，于2019年6月由新世界出版社出版。\n书 名\n隧道\n作 者\n肖建军\n类 别\n悬疑刑侦科幻小说\n出版社\n新世界出版社\n出版时间\n2019年6月\n页 数\n570 页\n定 价\n59.8 元\n开 本\n32开本\nISBN\n9787510467417\n字 数\n702千字\n \n隧道内容简介 \n刑警曹元明在隧道解救人质时头遭重创，留下了失忆、癫痫等痛苦的后遗症，更可怕的是一个同样发生于隧道的噩梦像魔鬼一样撕扯他的神经。他意识到，这个似曾相识的噩梦是二十年前父亲被害记忆的重现，但在追查这起冤案真相时却卷入了更为诡异的连环凶案中，屡遭诬陷和暗杀。他发现案情背后隐藏着深不可测的心理学推手，在心理医生沈辞云的帮助下，他穿梭于梦境与现实的二元世界，从迷失的记忆碎片之中探索前尘今时的隐秘线索，终于，一个国内贪腐分子和境外敌特势力相勾结的惊天阴谋显露水面……。本书可以看成是《本案无法终结》的姊妹篇。本书以坚实、严谨的心理学专业知识为基础，以天马行空的梦境为媒介，采用虚实交替、时空轮回的手法解析案情，在同类小说中独树一帜。\n隧道目录 \n楔子第一章 魔盒里的噩梦第二章 记忆黑洞第三章 死神的凝视第四章 唤醒装睡的人第五章 梦境迷宫第六章 狩梦人第七章 最真实的梦境是现实第八章 折断达摩克利斯之剑第九章 萨提亚冰山第十章 失去记忆，失去自我第十一章 上帝面具第十二章 记忆篡改第十三章 最熟悉的陌生人第十四章 与虎谋皮第十五章 隧道，没有尽头第十六章 没有做完的梦尾声\n隧道作者简介 \n肖建军，男，医学硕士，副主任医师，自由撰稿人，浙江省作协会员，以悬疑推理、谍战、军事历史等题材小说见长，其作品视野开阔、构思奇崛、情节严谨、风格写实，迄今已出版长篇小说两百多万字，代表作有《河山》《使命》《暗影》《本案无法终结》《迷枭》《沉晷》《隧道》等。\n\n你好，请告诉我《隧道》这本书的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human，《隧道》这本书的作者是肖建军。" + "《隧道》这本书的作者是肖建军。" ], [ "《隧道》是一本什么类型的小说？", @@ -409502,7 +409502,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天台岗小学全国百所德育科研名校\n重庆市南岸区天台岗小学位于重庆市经济开发区南区，下辖南湖校区、花园校区、上海城校区、天台岗融创小学、天台岗雅居乐小学、天台岗万国城小学共6个校区，是一所“新型学区”办学模式的学校。学校教育是共性与个性的统一体。天台岗小学秉承“为孩子的幸福人生奠基”的办学理念，践行“每天都上一个新台阶”的校训，以“台阶课堂”保障6个校区均衡同质发展和学生全面发展，保证“同质”的公平正义；以“台阶课程”推动6个校区特色异质发展和学生个性发展，促进“异彩”的以人为本；“同质异彩”的幸福教育培养模式，初步让教师、学生、家长感受到了“快乐向上、主动发展、体验成长”的幸福教育，体现了“公平正义”和“以人为本” 的幸福教育价值追求。\n中文名\n天台岗小学\n外文名\nTiantaigang Primary School\n创办时间\n1990年\n校 训\n每天都上一个新台阶\n主要奖项\n全国百所德育科研名校\n类 别\n教育事业单位\n现任校长\n江洋\n所属地区\n重庆市南岸区\n主要院系\n南湖、花园、上海城、融创、雅居乐、万国城；六个校区\n \n天台岗小学学校介绍\n\n请问天台岗小学是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！天台岗小学成立于1990年。如果你有关于天台岗小学的其他问题，请随时告诉我，我会尽力帮助您。" + "天台岗小学成立于1990年。如果你有关于天台岗小学的其他问题，请随时告诉我，我会尽力帮助您。" ], [ "天台岗小学有几个校区？它们分别是哪些？", @@ -409565,7 +409565,7 @@ "history": [ [ "击剑\n击剑（Fencing）是剑类运动之一。运动员一手持细长的弹性钢剑，头带面罩，身穿规定服装，在长方形的场地上进行比赛。按规定时间和刺（劈）中的剑数决定胜负。\n击剑在远古时期就已经出现了，在古代埃及、中国、希腊、罗马、阿拉伯等国家十分盛行。1776 年，法国击剑大师拉布瓦西埃发明了面罩，这一发明是击剑运动一个重点里程碑。1896年在雅典举行的第1届现代奥运会上就设有男子花剑、佩剑的比赛。1900年在巴黎举行的第2届奥运会上增加了男子重剑比赛。1913年11月29日在法国巴黎成立了国际击剑联合会。1914年6月在巴黎通过了《击剑竞赛规则》，从而使击剑运动竞赛趋向公平、合理。\n击剑的最高组织机构是国际击剑联合会，1913年11月29日在巴黎成立。中国的最高级组织机构为中国击剑协会，1973年在北京成立。\n中文名\n击剑\n外文名\nFencing\n类 别\n剑类运动\n起源时间\n远古时期\n主要比赛\n全国击剑锦标赛、世界击剑锦标赛、亚洲击剑锦标赛\n代表人物\n孙一文、仲满、栾菊杰、许安琪\n最高组织机构\n国际击剑联合会\n \n同义词\n击剑运动一般指击剑（体育项目）\n \n \n花剑\n \n重剑\n \n佩剑\n \n团体赛\n展开\n \n击剑项目历史\n\n请问什么是击剑运动？", - "你好，Human。击剑运动是一种剑类运动，运动员使用一根细长的弹性钢剑进行比赛。运动员需要戴面罩和穿着特定服装，在一个长方形的场地上进行。比赛的胜负取决于规定时间内刺中对手的次数。这项运动起源于远古时期，曾在古代埃及、中国、希腊、罗马和阿拉伯等国家流行。" + "击剑运动是一种剑类运动，运动员使用一根细长的弹性钢剑进行比赛。运动员需要戴面罩和穿着特定服装，在一个长方形的场地上进行。比赛的胜负取决于规定时间内刺中对手的次数。这项运动起源于远古时期，曾在古代埃及、中国、希腊、罗马和阿拉伯等国家流行。" ], [ "请问现代击剑运动是如何发展的？", @@ -409749,7 +409749,7 @@ "history": [ [ "边界\n《边界》创刊于1926年8月22日，起初是曙光（又译为：柴拉）出版社的一个商业性刊物，后来由来自阿穆尔边疆区的犹太新闻记者考夫曼将其改造为文艺周刊，并独立创办《边界》杂志社，中文的注册名字是《绮陌》。\n中文名\n《边界》\n语 种\n俄文\n创刊时间\n1926年8月22日\n停刊时间\n1945年8月10日\n 期刊简介它把“使读者与俄罗斯文学创作更紧密的联系起来”视为自己的使命。直到“1945年8月10日苏联红军进入中国东北禁止出版为止，该杂志共发行了862期”，除其中两年停刊外，存在时间长达18年。该杂志图文并茂，内容包括小说、诗歌、文艺评论、哲学、美术作品、欧美及哈尔滨的音乐、戏剧、舞蹈、电影的介绍以及历史文化、地理风情等，是一本集文学性、趣味性、实用性为一体的综合性期刊，是俄侨在中国创办的时间最长、发行量最大、波及面最广、影响力最持久、最受俄侨欢迎的综合性俄文周刊。\n\n你好，请问这是一本关于什么主题的杂志？", - "你好，Human！《边界》是一本综合性的俄文周刊，它的主要内容包括小说、诗歌、文艺评论、哲学、美术作品，及音乐、戏剧、舞蹈、电影等方面的介绍，以及历史文化、地理风情等。它的使命是使读者与俄罗斯文学创作更紧密地联系起来。这本杂志集文学性、趣味性、实用性为一体，为俄侨在中国所创办的时间最长、发行量最大、波及面最广、影响力最持久、最受欢迎的综合性俄文周刊。" + "《边界》是一本综合性的俄文周刊，它的主要内容包括小说、诗歌、文艺评论、哲学、美术作品，及音乐、戏剧、舞蹈、电影等方面的介绍，以及历史文化、地理风情等。它的使命是使读者与俄罗斯文学创作更紧密地联系起来。这本杂志集文学性、趣味性、实用性为一体，为俄侨在中国所创办的时间最长、发行量最大、波及面最广、影响力最持久、最受欢迎的综合性俄文周刊。" ], [ "据我了解《边界》是创刊于1926年，但我想知道《边界》杂志停刊的具体原因是什么？", @@ -409898,7 +409898,7 @@ "history": [ [ "假药\n凡是符合《中华人民共和国药品管理法》第九十八条规定的产品属于假药\n，根据我国的药品管理法第31条规定，生产新药或者已有国家标准的药品经国务院药品监督管理部门（国家食品药品监督管理局）批准发给药品的国药准字（没有实施批文号管理的中药材和中药饮片除外），只有使用这样的批准文号才是正规的药品，另外市场上的某某卫药准字（早已过了有效期），这种文号的产品也是假药，其他的比如经卫食证字、国食健字或卫食健字这些批号都属于保健食品的范畴，是不得作为药品进行销售的。市场上的某某消字、某某消备字等产品则属于消毒产品，也不是药物。假药范围包括：所含成份与国家药品标准规定的成份不符的药品，以非药品冒充药品或者以他种药品冒充此种药品，变质的药品，所标明的适应症或者功能主治超出规定范围的药品。2021年2月，《最高人民法院最高人民检察院关于执行<中华人民共和国刑法>确定罪名的补充规定（七）》规定了生产、销售、提供假药罪（取消生产、销售假药罪罪名）罪名，自2021年3月1日起施行。\n中文名\n假药\n外文名\nBogus Drug\n拼 音\njiayao\n评价标准\n国药准字及其有效期 卫食证字等\n相关法规\n《中华人民共和国药品管理法》\n监管机构\n国家食品药品监督管理局\n \n假药简介 \n假药（Bogus Drug）:按照《中华人民共和国药品管理法》规定，有下列情形之一的，为假药：所含成份与国家药品标准规定的成份不符的药品，以非药品冒充药品或者以他种药品冒充此种药品，变质的药品，所标明的适应症或者功能主治超出规定范围的药品。根据新修订《药品管理法》，未经批准进口少量境外已合法上市的药品，不再按“假药”论处；对未经批准进口少量境外已合法上市的药品，情节较轻的，可以减轻处罚；没有造成人身伤害后果或者延误治疗的，可以免于处罚。\n假药补充\n\n你好，请问假药是什么？", - "你好，Human。根据《中华人民共和国药品管理法》，假药指的是以下几种情况的药品：1. 所含成份与国家药品标准规定的成份不符；2. 以非药品冒充药品或以他种药品冒充此种药品；3. 变质的药品；4. 所标明的适应症或功能主治超出规定范围的药品。这些药品可能对患者造成严重的健康风险。" + "根据《中华人民共和国药品管理法》，假药指的是以下几种情况的药品：1. 所含成份与国家药品标准规定的成份不符；2. 以非药品冒充药品或以他种药品冒充此种药品；3. 变质的药品；4. 所标明的适应症或功能主治超出规定范围的药品。这些药品可能对患者造成严重的健康风险。" ], [ "是什么机构来监管药品呢？", @@ -410223,7 +410223,7 @@ "history": [ [ "江夏区第一人民医院武汉市三级综合性医院\n江夏区第一人民医院是一所大型综合性医院。2020年3月，被列为武汉市新冠肺炎康复期患者定点医院名单。\n2020年4月11日，被列入武汉市新冠病毒核酸检测机构名单。\n中文名\n江夏区第一人民医院\n地理位置\n武汉市江夏区纸坊镇文化大道\n主管部门\n武汉市卫生和计划生育委员会\n医院等级\n三级\n占地面积\n60 亩\n技术人员\n533名\n \n江夏区第一人民医院获得荣誉 \n2020年9月8日，该集体获得中共中央、国务院、中央军委授予的“全国抗击新冠肺炎疫情先进集体”的荣誉称号。\n江夏区第一人民医院医院地址 \n武汉市江夏\n区文化大道特1号（文化大道与谭鑫培路交汇路口）\n江夏区第一人民医院\n\n请问武汉江夏区第一人民医院是什么等级的医院？", - "你好，Human。武汉市江夏区第一人民医院是一所三级综合性医院。三级医院是中国医院分级管理制度中的最高级别，意味着这所医院具备较高的医疗水准、综合医疗服务能力和较好的科研教学条件。" + "武汉市江夏区第一人民医院是一所三级综合性医院。三级医院是中国医院分级管理制度中的最高级别，意味着这所医院具备较高的医疗水准、综合医疗服务能力和较好的科研教学条件。" ], [ "那么江夏区第一人民医院在新冠肺炎疫情期间有做过哪些事情呢？", @@ -411369,7 +411369,7 @@ "history": [ [ "摆脱贫困习近平创作政治理论著作\n《摆脱贫困》是习近平创作的政治理论著作，首次出版时间是1992年7月。该著作收录了习近平同志1988年9月至1990年5月在福建宁德工作期间的重要讲话和文章，共29篇，内涵丰富，该著作围绕闽东地区如何早日脱贫致富这一主题，将一系列极富创造性的战略思想、极富前瞻性的制度理论和极富针对性的实践观点娓娓道来，思想深刻、篇章隽永，真知灼见、掷地有声，发人深省、催人奋进。\n作品名称\n摆脱贫困\n作 者\n习近平\n创作年代\n当代\n字 数\n11万字\n类 别\n政治理论著作\n首次出版时间\n1992年7月\n \n摆脱贫困内容简介 \n《摆脱贫困》紧紧围绕闽东地区如何脱贫致富、加快发展这一主题，提出了一系列的制度、理念、观点和方法，如摆脱意识和思路的“贫困”，“滴水穿石”的精神，“弱鸟先飞”的意识，“四下基层”的工作作风等，深刻回答了推进闽东地区经济社会发展的重大理论和实践问题。该书真实记录了习近平在宁德地区工作期间贯彻落实党的路线方针政策，全面建设小康社会、推进中国特色社会主义事业的实践探索，展现了他在经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设和党的建设等方面的重要思想。\n摆脱贫困作品目录 \n序（项南）弱鸟如何先飞——闽东九县调查随感提倡“经济大合唱”干部的基本功——密切联系人民群众闽东之光——闽东文化建设随想廉政建设是共产党人的历史使命从政杂谈秘书工作的风范——与地县办公室干部谈心滴水穿石的启示把心贴近人民——谈新形势下领导的信访工作把握住新的机遇对闽东经济发展的思考为官一场造福一方把握好新闻工作的基点正确处理闽东经济发展的六个关系新形势下闽东财政经济的辩证观畲族经济要更开放些闽东的振兴在于“林”——试谈闽东经济发展的一个战略问题巩固民族大团结的基础——关于促进少数民族共同繁荣富裕问题的思考制定和实施产业政策的现实选择困境的突破——贫困地区发展乡镇企业的思路发挥人大作用，把闽东的事业推向前进积极稳妥地推进共青团的改革建设好贫困地区的精神文明加强脱贫第一线的核心力量——建设好农村党组织一种崭新资源的开发——谈加强对农村富余劳动力转移的疏导我们应怎样办好教育走一条发展大农业的路子扶贫要注意增强乡村两级集体经济实力同心同德兴民兴邦——给宁德地直机关领导干部的临别赠言\n摆脱贫困创作背景\n\n你好，请问《摆脱贫困》是谁的著作，主要讲述了什么内容？", - "你好，Human，《摆脱贫困》是习近平的政治理论著作。该书通过收录习近平同志在福建宁德工作期间的重要讲话和文章，紧紧围绕闽东地区如何脱贫致富、加快发展这一主题，提出了一系列的制度、理念、观点和方法。例如，摆脱意识和思路的“贫困”，“滴水穿石”的精神，“弱鸟先飞”的意识，“四下基层”的工作作风等。这本书真实记录了习近平在宁德地区工作期间贯彻落实党的路线方针政策，全面建设小康社会、推进中国特色社会主义事业的实践探索。" + "《摆脱贫困》是习近平的政治理论著作。该书通过收录习近平同志在福建宁德工作期间的重要讲话和文章，紧紧围绕闽东地区如何脱贫致富、加快发展这一主题，提出了一系列的制度、理念、观点和方法。例如，摆脱意识和思路的“贫困”，“滴水穿石”的精神，“弱鸟先飞”的意识，“四下基层”的工作作风等。这本书真实记录了习近平在宁德地区工作期间贯彻落实党的路线方针政策，全面建设小康社会、推进中国特色社会主义事业的实践探索。" ], [ "能给我例举一下书中所提到的具体方法和观点吗？", @@ -411594,7 +411594,7 @@ "history": [ [ "野草地\n隶属高校文学期刊，由河南城建学院高校期刊联盟野草地文学编辑社发起主办，高校期刊联盟编辑室独自编辑，于2010年问世。\n中文名\n野草地\n类 别\n文学\n创刊时间\n2009年3月\n出版周期\n月刊\n \n野草地社团简介 \n野草地文学编辑社人员自2009年3月以来，在17xie文学网站创办电子期刊13期，取得一系列喜人的成绩，深得广大读者朋友的青睐与称赞！ 野草地文学编辑社人员以“远景没有最好，我们在努力创造更好！”为信念，不断拼搏奋斗、探索追求，几经深思熟虑和商讨决议，即着手出版纸质季刊《野草地》，并拟定《野草地》为正16K，64页，按月刊出版。2010年4月，《野草地》首刊出炉问世，并以勇睿创新震撼校园，崭新面貌吸引学子，精彩篇章陶醉读者！\n野草地期刊属性 \n期刊名野草地大小正16K，64页类别高校文学期刊发行周期月刊隶属社团野草地文学社编辑室高校期刊联盟编辑室地址河南城建学院邮编467044主编叶子副主编千只鹤、大川、谢一策划叶子审稿雩客叔尼排版大川封面设计小小树苗儿资金筹集谢一首刊时间2010年4月期刊口号远景没有最好，我们在努力创造更好！\n野草地期刊简介 \n《野草地》文学期刊，高校大学生联盟期刊，大学生自己的期刊!《野草地》文学期刊，大学生文学爱好者自主发起、组织、编辑、排版……的期刊，版权皆归野草地文学编辑社所有！！《野草地》文学期刊，大学生独辟蹊径、自主创业、白手起家的典范！！！\n野草地期刊栏目 \n期刊分“青春丝语”、“凝情物意”、“百草诗轩”、“纯真童年”、“采菊东篱”等栏目，海南百川似的容纳了全国各地各角作者，题材、体裁、风格等形形色色的作品，文章内容极其丰富。期刊作品量多而不滥，优而不次，尤其汇集了诸多当代大学生、文学新秀的优秀作品，不泛精彩绝妙之作，特别适合当代大学生的阅读口味——身临其境“野草地”，《野草地 》也终将让您获益匪浅！\n野草地编辑社 \n2009年冬，时值圣诞之喜，喜庆之中，河南城建学院高校期刊联盟野草地文学编辑社组建成立！ 一群生机蓬勃的大学生，孜孜不倦创作与探索的文学爱好者，用自己的美妙心灵、青春的悸动，拼搏奋斗，携手创造诸多文学爱好者、广大老少读者喜爱青睐的全国高校期刊——《野草地》。专业的编排设计人员，敬业的策划管理人员！敏锐激情的思维能力，执着向上的团队精神！！坚信不渝，“远景没有最好，我们在努力创造更好”　！！！\n野草地和衷共济\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我《野草地》是一本什么类型的期刊吗？", - "你好，Human，《野草地》是一本文学类的高校期刊。它隶属于河南城建学院高校期刊联盟的野草地文学编辑社，主要发表大学生文学作品。这本期刊分为多个栏目，包括“青春丝语”、“凝情物意”、“百草诗轩”、“纯真童年”和“采菊东篱”，致力于展现大学生的文学才华。" + "《野草地》是一本文学类的高校期刊。它隶属于河南城建学院高校期刊联盟的野草地文学编辑社，主要发表大学生文学作品。这本期刊分为多个栏目，包括“青春丝语”、“凝情物意”、“百草诗轩”、“纯真童年”和“采菊东篱”，致力于展现大学生的文学才华。" ], [ "请告诉我《野草地》的出版时间及周期。", @@ -412135,7 +412135,7 @@ "history": [ [ "星座学\n星座学起源于西方，指的是根据人的出生日期的不同将人们分别对应一个星座，各个星座下的人的性格不同，人们根据这些星座所代表的性格和运势进行分析和暗示的一种心理活动的解释和占卜的一种行为。在天文学中，星座学是指银河系内的星座变化规律。\n中文名\n星座学\n外文名\nastrology\n星座在\n天文学中占重要的地位\n星座是指\n天上一群群的恒星组合\n星 座\n狮子座\n \n星座学星座的意义 \n指的是通过人出生的时间段，分配给一些人一个星座。例如某个人出生在8月17日，那他就是狮子座，然后他就有了狮子座的一些性格。每个人有自己的星座，通过星座来认识自己也是一种休闲方式。星座是指天上一群群的恒星组合。在三维的宇宙中，这些恒星其实相互间没有实际的关系，不过其实天球这一个球壳面上的位置相近。自古以来，人对于恒星的排列和形状很感兴趣，并且很自然地把一些位置相近的星联系起来，组成星座。星座在天文学中占重要的地位；占星术也假借黄道12星座的形象，但天文学家都把占星术视为没有使用真正科学方法的伪科学。　基本上，将恒星组成星座是一个随意的过程，在不同的文明中有由不同恒星所组成的不同星座──虽然部分由较显眼的星所组成的星座，在不同文明中大致相同，如猎户座及天蝎座。　国际天文学联合会用精确的边界把天空分为八十八个正式的星座，使天空每一颗恒星都属于某一特定星座。这些正式的星座大多都根据中世纪传下来的古希腊传统星座为基础。为认星方便，人们按空中恒星的自然分布划成的若干区域。大小不一。每个区域叫做一个星座。用线条连接同一星座内的亮星，形成各种图形，根据其形状，分别以近似的动物、器物或神话人物命名，如天鹅座、仙女座等。每个星座中的恒星，按亮度大小，依次以小写希腊字母编排，如大熊座α星、大熊座β星等。　星座是投影在天球上一块区域的天体空间的总合，因此，说某某星座在银河系以内/以外都是不准确的说法。\n星座学星座对应日期\n\n请问星座学是什么？", - "你好，Human！星座学起源于西方，主要指根据人的出生日期的不同将人们分别对应一个星座，各个星座下的人的性格不同。人们根据这些星座所代表的性格和运势进行分析和暗示，这是一种心理活动的解释和占卜的行为。在天文学中，星座学是指银河系内的星座变化规律。通过这种方式，人们可以认识自己的性格特点和运势，同时也为休闲娱乐提供了一种途径。" + "星座学起源于西方，主要指根据人的出生日期的不同将人们分别对应一个星座，各个星座下的人的性格不同。人们根据这些星座所代表的性格和运势进行分析和暗示，这是一种心理活动的解释和占卜的行为。在天文学中，星座学是指银河系内的星座变化规律。通过这种方式，人们可以认识自己的性格特点和运势，同时也为休闲娱乐提供了一种途径。" ], [ "天文学和星座学有什么区别？", @@ -412150,11 +412150,11 @@ { "instruction": "非常感谢你的帮助。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human。很高兴帮助你解答有关黄海的问题。如果还有其他问题，欢迎随时向我提问。祝你有个愉快的一天！", + "output": "不客气。很高兴帮助你解答有关黄海的问题。如果还有其他问题，欢迎随时向我提问。祝你有个愉快的一天！", "history": [ [ "黄海\n黄海，中国著名男演员，生于安徽合肥，在安徽省艺术学校学习黄梅戏表演专业毕业后进入安徽省黄梅剧院。1993年至1997年就读于上海戏剧学院表演系，毕业后拍摄的第一部电视剧《红十字方队》此剧在当时引起了不小的反响。后又到北京曾签约尤小刚的中北电视剧艺术中心，拍摄了 《大宋提刑官》《皇太子秘史》《凤在江湖》《大宋才子黄庭坚》《皇上二大爷》《欧阳海》《牡丹亭》《黄梅戏宗师传奇》\n等多部电视剧，深受国内外观众的喜爱。现为上海纳亚影视文化传媒有限公司签约艺人。\n中文名\n黄海\n国 籍\n中国\n出生日期\n11月10日\n毕业院校\n上海戏剧学院(表演系)\n职 业\n演员\n出生地\n安徽合肥\n代表作品\n红十字方队\n、凤在江湖、皇太子秘史、大宋才子黄庭坚\n身 高\n178 cm\n体 重\n64 kg\n经纪公司\n上海纳亚影视文化传媒有限公司\n性 别\n男\n \n黄海个人资料 \n姓名：黄海曾用名：黄垒鑫籍贯：安徽出生地：安徽合肥家庭成员：爸爸是安徽艺术学校的老师，妈妈是黄梅戏老师，弟弟是上海人民艺术剧院演员黄晨\n理想：向“影视歌三栖”的方向发展\n第一部作品：《红十字方队》\n经纪公司：上海纳亚影视文化传媒有限公司\n \n黄海写真(16张)\n \n黄海主要作品 \n黄海参演电视剧\n见习法医2017-12-19\n导演\n主演\n \n \n百战天狼2017-5-11\n饰演赵先生\n导演吴锦源\n主演于晓光、张嘉倪\n \n \n踏遍青山2015\n饰演宫本玉\n导演郝一平 徐艺华\n主演臧金生 周梓言\n \n \n皇甫谧传奇2014\n饰演元亨\n导演李翰韬\n主演陈浩明 樊少皇\n \n \n拥抱星星的月亮2014\n饰演王老师\n导演丁黑\n主演辛芷蕾 奚望\n \n \n于无声处2014\n饰演朱英功\n导演阎建钢\n主演胡军 左小青\n \n \n土楼里的女人2013\n饰演李德财\n导演李辉\n主演蒋欣 杨昆\n \n \n追鱼传奇2012\n饰演公孙策\n导演吴锦源\n主演赵丽颖 丁子峻\n \n \n解救2012\n饰演时雨\n导演何涛\n主演郭涛 郑晓宁\n \n \n父母爱情2012\n饰演夏正新\n导演孔笙\n主演郭涛 梅婷\n \n \n莞香2011\n饰演莫天高\n导演王文杰\n主演曹颖 刘钧\n \n \n智取华山传奇2011\n饰演戴飞\n导演何文凉 郝一平\n主演刘涛 保剑锋\n \n \n特务0372011\n饰演佟书琪\n导演谷诗阳\n主演王亚楠 韩雯雯\n \n \n山村大爷2010\n饰演许顺顺\n导演张友龄\n主演尹铸胜 孙思瀚\n \n \n大将军韩信2010\n饰演张良\n\n请问黄海是哪里人？", - "你好，Human。黄海出生在中国安徽合肥，他的籍贯是安徽。希望这个答案能解决你的疑问。" + "黄海出生在中国安徽合肥，他的籍贯是安徽。希望这个答案能解决你的疑问。" ], [ "谢谢。那他在哪里学习表演的？", @@ -412349,7 +412349,7 @@ "history": [ [ "封神三部曲\n《封神三部曲》是由北京文化、长生天影业出品、腾讯影业、青岛西海岸文化联合出品。影片采取三部连拍模式进行制作。由乌尔善执导，宋歌任出品人、杜扬任总制片人。《封神三部曲》取材于中国家喻户晓的古典神魔小说名著《封神演义》，讲述了一场三千多年前人、仙、妖之间旷日持久的神话战争的故事\n。《封神三部曲》三部影片分别定名为《封神三部曲之妖乱国殇》、《封神三部曲之魔道争锋》、《封神三部曲之封神天下》。\n中文名\n封神三部曲\n外文名\nCreation of the Gods I\n类 型\n战争、奇幻、古装\n出品公司\n北京京西文化旅游股份有限公司、世纪长生天影视文化传媒(北京)有限公司、腾讯影业文化传播有限公司\n制片地区\n中国（青岛）\n拍摄日期\n2018年-2020年\n导 演\n乌尔善\n制片人\n杜扬\n主 演\n黄渤、费翔、李雪健、夏雨、陈坤、袁泉、杨玏、于适、海亮、此沙、武亚凡\n对白语言\n汉语普通话\n色 彩\n彩色\n出品时间\n2020年\n制片成本\n30亿（三部）\n制作顾问\n巴里·M·奥斯本\n监 制\n江志强\n出品人\n宋歌\n美术指导\n叶锦添\n造型指导\n叶锦添\n \n封神三部曲剧情简介 \n《封神三部曲》取材于中国家喻户晓的古典神魔小说名著《封神演义》，讲述一场三千多年前人、仙、妖之间旷日持久的神话战争，谱写一部波澜壮阔的中国神话史诗。\n封神三部曲演职员表 \n封神三部曲演员表\n \n \n黄渤 饰 姜子牙\n-\n \n \n费翔 饰 殷寿\n-\n \n \n李雪健 饰 姬昌\n-\n \n \n夏雨 饰 申公豹\n-\n \n \n陈坤 饰 元始天尊\n-\n \n \n袁泉 饰 姜王后\n-\n \n \n杨玏 饰 伯邑考\n-\n- 饰 苏妲己\n-\n \n \n于适 饰 姬发\n-\n \n \n陈牧驰 饰 殷郊\n-\n \n \n此沙 饰 杨戬\n-\n \n \n武亚凡 饰 哪吒\n-\n樊汶东 饰 -\n-\n张嘉予 饰 --\n-\n封神三部曲职员表\n出品人\n宋歌\n制作人\n杜扬（ 制片人）\n监制\n江志强\n导演\n乌尔善\n副导演（助理）\n孙晔、Ming Zeng\n编剧\n冉平、冉甲男、乌尔善、曹升\n摄影\n王昱\n视觉特效\n道格拉斯·汉斯·史密斯、Jeremy Ball、Josh Bryer\n \n.\n封神三部曲角色介绍 \n \n姜子牙\n演员\n黄渤\n昆仑山玉虚宫元始天尊门下的阐教弟子，修道40年，后下山代天封神，辅佐姬发推翻商纣。\n \n殷寿\n演员\n费翔\n\n请问《封神三部曲》是谁导演的呢？", - "你好，Human！《封神三部曲》是由乌尔善执导的。这部电影系列根据中国家喻户晓的古典神魔小说《封神演义》改编，讲述了一场三千多年前人、仙、妖之间旷日持久的神话战争的故事。" + "《封神三部曲》是由乌尔善执导的。这部电影系列根据中国家喻户晓的古典神魔小说《封神演义》改编，讲述了一场三千多年前人、仙、妖之间旷日持久的神话战争的故事。" ], [ "这部电影的出品公司有哪些？", @@ -412464,7 +412464,7 @@ "history": [ [ "排骨木耳汤以排骨为主材的菜品\n排骨木耳汤是猪排骨，水发黑木耳，精盐、味精、料酒、葱、姜、胡椒粉等食材做出的一道菜品。\n中文名\n排骨木耳汤\n主要原料\n排骨\n是否含防腐剂\n否\n主要营养成分\n蛋白质\n 菜系及功效：家常菜谱排骨木耳汤原料：猪排骨250克，水发黑木耳100克，精盐、味精、料酒、葱、姜、胡椒粉各适量。排骨木耳汤的做法：(1)猪排骨洗净，切成段，水发黑木耳去根蒂，洗净，撕成小朵。(2)猪小排骨放入开水锅中，焯后，捞出洗净，放入沙锅中，加水发黑木耳、清水、料酒、葱、姜，旺火烧沸，撇去浮沫，拣出葱、姜，转微火约炖两小时，放入精盐、味精、胡椒粉、葱花，盛入大汤碗即可。\n\n你好，请问排骨木耳汤的主要原料是什么呢？", - "你好，Human！排骨木耳汤的主要原料包括猪排骨、水发黑木耳、精盐、味精、料酒、葱、姜和胡椒粉等。猪排骨和水发黑木耳是这道菜品的主要食材，其他调料则用于烹饪过程中提升口感和营养价值。根据这些配料制作出的排骨木耳汤会味道鲜美、营养丰富。" + "排骨木耳汤的主要原料包括猪排骨、水发黑木耳、精盐、味精、料酒、葱、姜和胡椒粉等。猪排骨和水发黑木耳是这道菜品的主要食材，其他调料则用于烹饪过程中提升口感和营养价值。根据这些配料制作出的排骨木耳汤会味道鲜美、营养丰富。" ], [ "怎么做排骨木耳汤？", @@ -413895,7 +413895,7 @@ "history": [ [ "光荣\n《光荣》是由三宝作曲，关山作词，电视剧《光荣时代》的主题曲，由刘岩、阿云嘎献唱\n。\n中文名\n光荣\n歌曲时长\n0时02分54秒\n填 词\n关山\n谱 曲\n三宝\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n 歌曲歌词究竟是什么让你心神不宁是白衣胜雪的青春或是血气方刚的热忱曾经因为岁月最初的单纯有些人你会懂有些事你会相信究竟有什么让我心神不宁是摧枯拉朽的狂风还是百转千回的命运曾经因为岁月后来的倥偬有些话不再问有些事从此惶恐曾经你很年轻血还未冷曾经我很天真梦还未醒当时都太容易被自己感动一句话没出口竟泪花翻涌究竟为了什么为什么而牺牲早就该心知肚明早就该心知肚明早就该心知肚明你还我一份光荣我给你一份光荣但凡并肩而行总会死生与共总会死生与共拥有了这份光荣献出了这份光荣我们就已经成为就已经成为了 光荣\n\n关于电视剧《光荣时代》的主题曲《光荣》，它是谁创作的？", - "你好，Human。电视剧《光荣时代》的主题曲《光荣》是由三宝作曲，关山作词的。这首歌曲展示了电视剧中的主题，并传达了其中的精神。" + "电视剧《光荣时代》的主题曲《光荣》是由三宝作曲，关山作词的。这首歌曲展示了电视剧中的主题，并传达了其中的精神。" ], [ "请告诉我这首歌曲的时长、歌手以及歌曲语言。", @@ -414149,7 +414149,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卷发棒\n卷发棒是一种美发DIY工具，美发沙龙和发廊的的美发师都会使用一套卷发棒工具。\n中文名\n卷发棒\n国际型号\n19MM .25MM. 32MM. 38MM\n作 用\n美发DIY工具\n特 点\n超速热 迷你设计等\n效 果\n大波浪卷发、下垂自然卷发\n \n卷发棒基本介绍 \n卷发棒是由国际标准的型号：19MM .25MM. 32MM. 38MM .组成.主流发型使用的是32MM这个型号。分为发热体.手柄.电源线.控温系统等几个部件组成。能调温的强于不能调温的。卷发棒可以造出各种卷发如：大波浪卷发、下垂自然卷发、垂至肩头卷发、碎卷、麦穗烫、内翻式卷发、外翻式卷发。\n卷发棒烫发 \n大波浪的成熟感大波浪可以向外扩展脸形，头发浓密的女士最好不要卷头顶部位和头发末梢。如果前面的头发短，则只卷一半左右，形成自然的波浪。过一段时间波浪卷成后，松开发卷，用大梳子或手指进行梳理，然后用发胶定型。\n\n请你帮我介绍一下卷发棒的基本信息以及其用途。", - "你好Human，卷发棒是一种美发DIY工具，它的主要作用是为用户创造各种卷发效果。卷发棒由发热体、手柄、电源线和控温系统等几个部件组成。根据国际标准，卷发棒有19MM、25MM、32MM和38MM四种型号，其中32MM是使用较为广泛的型号。卷发棒可以帮助你制作出大波浪卷发、下垂自然卷发、垂至肩头卷发、碎卷、麦穗烫、内翻式卷发和外翻式卷发等不同发型。" + "卷发棒是一种美发DIY工具，它的主要作用是为用户创造各种卷发效果。卷发棒由发热体、手柄、电源线和控温系统等几个部件组成。根据国际标准，卷发棒有19MM、25MM、32MM和38MM四种型号，其中32MM是使用较为广泛的型号。卷发棒可以帮助你制作出大波浪卷发、下垂自然卷发、垂至肩头卷发、碎卷、麦穗烫、内翻式卷发和外翻式卷发等不同发型。" ] ] }, @@ -415252,7 +415252,7 @@ "history": [ [ "罗伯特·斯滕伯格美国心理学家、认知心理学家、编辑\n斯滕伯格1949年出生于美国新泽西州枫林镇，20世纪美国心理学家和认知心理学家，是智力三元理论的建构者，也是首倡人类爱情三元论的心理学家。自小学起常因智力测验得到低分感到困惑，故而进耶鲁大学后矢志研究智力测验。1972年获该校心理学学士学位后改进斯坦福大学，1975年获心理学哲学博士学位，1982年开始任教于耶鲁大学，1986年晋升正教授以迄为今。在心理学家中斯滕伯格虽属年轻，但在学术上已卓然有成。1981年获美国心理学会青年组杰出成就奖，1982年获多变项实验心理学会卡特尔纪念奖，1982年获美国心理学会麦坎道格拉斯青年科学纪念奖章。同时，他又为美国心理学会普通心理学分会和教育心理学分会主席，兼任《心理学学报》、《美国心理学杂志》、《教育心理学杂志》、《人类智力国际通讯》等刊物的编辑。\n中文名\n罗伯特·斯滕伯格\n外文名\nRobert J. Sternberg\n国 籍\n美国\n出生日期\n1949年\n毕业院校\n耶鲁大学、斯坦福大学\n职 业\n美国心理学家、认知心理学家、编辑\n主要成就\n智力三元理论的建构者\n主要成就\n首倡人类爱情三元论\n1981年获美国心理学会青年组杰出成就奖\n1982年获多变项实验心理学会卡特尔纪念奖\n1982年获美国心理学会麦坎道格拉斯青年科学纪念奖章\n出生地\n美国新泽西州枫林镇\n代表作品\n《思维方式》、《爱情心理学》\n \n同义词\n斯腾伯格（美国奥克拉荷马州立大学教务长）一般指罗伯特·斯滕伯格\n \n罗伯特·斯滕伯格人物生平\n\n请问罗伯特·斯滕伯格是谁？", - "你好，Human。罗伯特·斯滕伯格（Robert J. Sternberg）是一位美国心理学家、认知心理学家和编辑。他于1949年出生在美国新泽西州枫林镇。斯滕伯格是智力三元理论的建构者，同时也是首倡人类爱情三元论的心理学家。他曾在耶鲁大学和斯坦福大学学习，后成为耶鲁大学的正教授。" + "罗伯特·斯滕伯格（Robert J. Sternberg）是一位美国心理学家、认知心理学家和编辑。他于1949年出生在美国新泽西州枫林镇。斯滕伯格是智力三元理论的建构者，同时也是首倡人类爱情三元论的心理学家。他曾在耶鲁大学和斯坦福大学学习，后成为耶鲁大学的正教授。" ], [ "他的智力三元理论是什么？", @@ -415294,7 +415294,7 @@ "history": [ [ "龙珠激斗龙珠小游戏\n《龙珠激斗》是一款动作小游戏，游戏包大小为3420K。\n中文名\n龙珠激斗\n游戏类型\n动作小游戏\n游戏大小\n3420K\n游戏目标\n帮助悟空消灭掉所有的敌人\n \n龙珠激斗基本信息 \n游戏名称：龙珠激斗游戏类型：动作小游戏游戏大小：3420K\n龙珠激斗游戏介绍 \n悟空要击败所有的怪兽，收集到所有的龙珠！战斗开始啦，一起来挑战看看吧！\n龙珠激斗操作指南 \n龙珠激斗启动方式\n游戏加载完毕点击[开始游戏] - 再点击[新的游戏] - 然后点击[返回] - 接着选择[单人]/[双人] - 再点击[开始游戏] - 最后点击地图上的关卡1即可开始游戏\n龙珠激斗操作方法\n玩家1：键盘AD键控制人物移动，J键攻击，K键跳跃，L键储气。组合键：AA/DD 冲刺，S+A+J 气功，W+W+J 招式1，DD+J 招式2，A+S+D+J 招式3，AD+J 打飞。玩家2：方向键←→控制人物移动，数字键1攻击，2跳跃，3储气。组合键：→→/←← 冲刺，↓→+1 气功，↑↑+1 招式1，→→+1 招式2，←↓→ 招式3，←→+J 打飞。\n龙珠激斗游戏目标\n帮助悟空消灭掉所有的敌人，完成他的冒险吧！\n\n你好，请问这款《龙珠激斗》小游戏是什么类型的游戏？", - "你好，Human！《龙珠激斗》是一款动作小游戏，游戏的目标是帮助悟空消灭掉所有的敌人，从而收集到所有的龙珠。玩家需要控制角色进行战斗、跳跃和使用特殊招式来打败敌人。这款游戏充满了刺激和挑战，适合喜欢动作冒险的玩家。" + "《龙珠激斗》是一款动作小游戏，游戏的目标是帮助悟空消灭掉所有的敌人，从而收集到所有的龙珠。玩家需要控制角色进行战斗、跳跃和使用特殊招式来打败敌人。这款游戏充满了刺激和挑战，适合喜欢动作冒险的玩家。" ], [ "如何启动这款游戏？", @@ -416005,7 +416005,7 @@ "history": [ [ "司徒钟系列游戏《仙剑奇侠传》角色\n司徒钟，亦称“酒剑仙”\n，系列单机游戏《仙剑奇侠传》角色之一，登场于《仙剑奇侠传》《新仙剑奇侠传》和《仙剑奇侠传三外传·问情篇》。\n在《仙剑奇侠传三外传·问情篇》中，司徒钟是蜀山仙剑派俗家弟子，于武学上极有天赋，唯独嗜酒如命，举止狂放，不在意任何规矩法度，被师门视为异类，也常被师兄说教。与南宫煌的顽皮无赖倒是臭味相投，成了莫逆之交；在《仙剑奇侠传》中，自称酒剑仙，传授武艺于李逍遥，是李逍遥的恩师。\n中文名\n司徒钟\n别 名\n酒剑仙\n饰 演\n谢君豪（2005年《仙剑奇侠传》，此版酒剑仙名叫莫一兮）\n郎鹏（2015年《仙剑客栈》）\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n《仙剑奇侠传》\n《新仙剑奇侠传》\n《仙剑奇侠传三外传·问情篇》\n年 龄\n47岁（《仙剑奇侠传》）\n身 高\n176 cm\n门 派\n蜀山仙剑派\n \n同义词\n酒剑仙（游戏《仙剑奇侠传》人物）一般指司徒钟\n \n人物关系纠错\n \n李逍遥\n学生\n李逍遥，后出家取道号“一贫”，系列游戏《仙剑奇侠传》中的角色之一，是《仙剑奇侠传》男主角，亦登场于《仙剑奇侠传二》和《仙剑奇侠传五》，在《仙剑奇侠传五前传》和《仙剑奇侠传七》有所提及。原是一乡下客栈店小二，天资聪颖，因一壶酒被酒剑仙传授了蜀山仙剑派剑术，在仙灵岛与赵灵儿相遇，自此经历重重磨难成长为一代旷世奇侠。后出家修道，出任蜀山掌门，取道号一贫，御剑行遍天下，行侠仗义、斩妖除魔。多年后因魔教之乱，故引咎卸职，成为蜀山七圣之一。而后虽心力交瘁，但仍竭力保护天下苍生。 \n独孤宇云\n师兄\n独孤宇云，亦称剑圣，系列单机游戏《仙剑奇侠传》角色之一，登场于《仙剑奇侠传》和《仙剑奇侠传三外传·问情篇》。蜀山仙剑派宁字辈弟子，后成为蜀山仙剑派第二十六代掌门，人称“独孤剑圣”，后人称“剑圣”。独孤宇云代表的是仙剑世界中固执刻板的一面，也是仙剑系列抨击的第一个以正面人物形象出现的角色，在仙剑三外传中，逐渐回归了积极正面的形象。 \n \n司徒钟性格特点 \n \n酒剑仙(10张)\n\n请问司徒钟这个游戏角色是在哪些作品中登场的？", - "你好，Human！司徒钟（酒剑仙）是在《仙剑奇侠传》系列游戏中的一个角色，他出现在以下作品中：《仙剑奇侠传》，《新仙剑奇侠传》和《仙剑奇侠传三外传·问情篇》。在这些作品中，司徒钟以独特的酒剑仙形象展现出了与众不同的人物特色。" + "司徒钟（酒剑仙）是在《仙剑奇侠传》系列游戏中的一个角色，他出现在以下作品中：《仙剑奇侠传》，《新仙剑奇侠传》和《仙剑奇侠传三外传·问情篇》。在这些作品中，司徒钟以独特的酒剑仙形象展现出了与众不同的人物特色。" ], [ "那么司徒钟在游戏里和李逍遥有什么关系呢？", @@ -416727,7 +416727,7 @@ "history": [ [ "道奇\n“道奇”是汽车品牌，总部设在美国。商标采用道奇兄弟的姓氏“Dodge”，图形商标是在一个五边形中有一羊头形象，在汽车上使用小公羊、大公羊两个商标。 道奇品牌的创始人是一对出生在美国密歇根州的兄弟，哥哥约翰·道奇(John Dodge)生于1864年，弟弟霍瑞德·道奇(Horade Dodge)生于1868年。1886年，道奇全家移居底特律，开始了他们的创业之路。\n中文名\n道奇\n外文名\nDodge\n所属行业\n汽车\n创始人\n约翰·道奇和霍瑞德·道奇\n总 部\n美国\n \n道奇发展历程\n\n请问道奇是什么？", - "你好，Human。道奇是一个美国汽车品牌，它的创始人是约翰·道奇和霍瑞德·道奇这对出生在美国密歇根州的兄弟。道奇品牌的商标采用的是他们的姓氏“Dodge”，图形商标是一个五边形中的羊头形象，汽车上使用小公羊和大公羊两个商标。道奇品牌诞生于1886年，当时道奇全家移居到底特律开始他们的创业之路。" + "道奇是一个美国汽车品牌，它的创始人是约翰·道奇和霍瑞德·道奇这对出生在美国密歇根州的兄弟。道奇品牌的商标采用的是他们的姓氏“Dodge”，图形商标是一个五边形中的羊头形象，汽车上使用小公羊和大公羊两个商标。道奇品牌诞生于1886年，当时道奇全家移居到底特律开始他们的创业之路。" ], [ "请简述一下道奇的发展历程。", @@ -417128,7 +417128,7 @@ "history": [ [ "回马枪\n《回马枪》是由郭高见作词，徐一鸣作曲，张晓棠演唱的歌曲，发行于2021年03月26日。\n中文名\n回马枪\n歌曲时长\n03分40秒\n歌曲原唱\n张晓棠\n填 词\n郭高见\n谱 曲\n徐一鸣\n编 曲\n关天天\n发行日期\n2021年3月26日\nRap\n孟帅\n伴 唱\n沙栩帆\n制作人\n关天天\n \n回马枪基本信息 \n回马枪 - 张晓棠词：郭高见曲：徐一鸣制作人：关天天编曲：关天天混音：刘城函Rap ：孟帅伴唱：沙栩帆录音：康凯念白指导：白燕设计：穆伟统筹：张金良出品：北京娱动力文化\n回马枪歌曲歌词 \n梅雪争春未肯降雪却输梅一段香风中英雄叹彷徨一杆缨枪竖身旁阁楼红颜静思量相视一笑梦一场为你深情点成将金戈那铁马上战场我愿为你一生守边疆我学会那本领回马枪赶走虎豹豺狼让你不会再受伤我会站在最高的山岗我英姿那飒爽 回马枪哪怕余生尽失又何妨念白：飒爽英姿五尺枪叱咤风云踏苍狼曙光初照演兵场女子飞扬回马枪梅雪争春未肯降雪却输梅一段香风中英雄叹彷徨一杆缨枪竖身旁阁楼红颜静思量相视一笑梦一场为你深情点成将金戈那铁马上战场我愿为你一生守边疆我学会那本领回马枪赶走虎豹豺狼让你不会再受伤我会站在最高的山岗我英姿飒爽 回马枪哪怕余生尽失又何妨Rap：我手持丈二枪北战关外南过江上山猛虎斗也能入海捉龙王此枪路法八十四一路更比一路强怀抱琵琶迎门刺二郎担山肩上扛宿鸟食尽林中入玉女穿梭占八方拨草寻得蛇出洞怪蟒翻身背后藏落花满地尘埃染顺风扯旗意气扬看我 回马枪我愿为你一生守边疆我学会那本领回马枪赶走虎豹豺狼让你不会再受伤我会站在最高的山岗我英姿那飒爽 回马枪哪怕余生尽失又何妨哪怕余生尽失又何妨\n\n你好，请问《回马枪》是谁的作品？", - "你好，Human! 《回马枪》是由郭高见作词，徐一鸣作曲，张晓棠演唱的歌曲。这首歌发行于2021年3月26日。希望这些信息对你有帮助。" + "《回马枪》是由郭高见作词，徐一鸣作曲，张晓棠演唱的歌曲。这首歌发行于2021年3月26日。希望这些信息对你有帮助。" ], [ "请问这首歌有哪些制作人员参与？", @@ -419066,11 +419066,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢。你真的非常了解吴斌的相关信息。", "input": "", - "output": "谢谢你的认可，Human！我很高兴能够帮助您解答关于吴斌的相关问题。如果您有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时告诉我。", + "output": "谢谢你的认可！我很高兴能够帮助您解答关于吴斌的相关问题。如果您有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时告诉我。", "history": [ [ "吴斌中国击剑运动员\n吴斌，男，中国击剑运动员。2021年9月19日，获得第十四届全国运动会男子花剑个人铜牌。\n中文名\n吴斌\n国 籍\n中国\n运动项目\n击剑\n所属运动队\n上海队\n主要奖项\n第十四届全国运动会男子花剑个人铜牌\n性 别\n男\n \n吴斌运动生涯 \n2017-2018赛季全国击剑冠军赛（第二站）在曲靖市文化公园体育馆开幕。男花个人赛，上海选手吴斌与浙江选手杨志峰分享了第三名。\n2021年9月19日，获得第十四届全国运动会男子花剑个人铜牌。\n2021年9月20日，在第十四届全运会击剑男子花剑团体决赛中，吴斌所在的上海队获得第八名。\n2022年6月，入选中国击剑队参加2022年亚洲击剑锦标赛名单。\n2022年6月10日，参加2022年亚洲击剑锦标赛男子花剑比赛。\n2022年6月12日，参加2022年亚洲击剑锦标赛个人赛获得铜牌。\n2022年6月，在击剑亚锦赛男子花剑团体赛中，由莫梓维、吴斌、许杰和曾昭然组成的中国队在1/4决赛受挫以40-45负于中国台北无缘4强，最终获得第5名。\n2022年7月，入选2022年世界击剑锦标赛中国队参赛名单。\n7月22日，2022年世界击剑锦标赛男子花剑团体赛中，由吴斌、许杰和莫梓维组成的中国队以40-45不敌中国香港队，无缘16强，最终排名第27位。 \n吴斌个人生活 \n2022年4月，入选2022年优秀运动员本科保送推荐公示名单。 \n吴斌生涯数据 \n2021年9月，第十四届全运会击剑男子花剑团体决赛第八名。\n2022年6月12日，2022年亚洲击剑锦标赛男子花剑个人赛季军。\n吴斌获奖记录 \n体育类\n获奖时间\n奖项名称\n获奖结果\n2021-9-19\n第十四届全国运动会男子花剑个人铜牌\n获奖\n\n请问吴斌是哪个国家的运动员？", - "你好，Human！吴斌是中国的运动员。他是一位中国击剑运动员，擅长花剑项目。" + "吴斌是中国的运动员。他是一位中国击剑运动员，擅长花剑项目。" ], [ "他在第十四届全国运动会上获得了哪个奖项？", @@ -419639,7 +419639,7 @@ "history": [ [ "市场调查\n市场调查是指用科学的方法，有目的、系统地搜集、记录、整理和分析市场情况，了解市场的现状及其发展趋势，为企业的决策者制定政策、进行市场预测、做出经营决策、制定计划提供客观、正确的依据。\n中文名\n市场调查\n外文名\nMarket survey\n \n市场调查分类\n\n请问市场调查是什么？", - "你好，Human！市场调查是一种有目的、系统地搜集、记录、整理和分析市场情况的科学方法。它帮助我们了解市场的现状及其发展趋势，从而为企业的决策者制定政策、进行市场预测、做出经营决策和制定计划提供客观、正确的依据。" + "市场调查是一种有目的、系统地搜集、记录、整理和分析市场情况的科学方法。它帮助我们了解市场的现状及其发展趋势，从而为企业的决策者制定政策、进行市场预测、做出经营决策和制定计划提供客观、正确的依据。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！那么市场调查有哪些分类？", @@ -420313,7 +420313,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鹅黄色\n鹅黄色是色彩的一种，淡淡的暖色调，该颜色一点也不张扬，给人一种清新宁静的感觉，早春柳树因柳花便呈现鹅黄色。\n中文名\n鹅黄色\n外文名\nlight yellow\n拼 音\né huáng\n含 义\n色彩\n \n鹅黄色色彩印象 \n \n鹅黄色(6张)\n 鹅黄色让人感觉淡雅清爽，有一种赏心悦目的观感，让人的心不知不觉宁静下来，也带有几分微甜的气息，微甜，即甜而不腻，后现代的时尚主义。鹅黄色的衣服往往有一种轻松随意的感觉，穿出自我，穿出小清新文艺范。\n鹅黄色其他相关 \n喜欢鹅黄色的人的性格外在表现：能规范自己的生活，外在表现符合社会传统规范，做起事情来较为保守。有非常好的自我控制能力，注重事物内部细节，可以将组织规划得很好。无论是单独作业还是与人合作，都能表现得令人信赖。心理需求：强调安全感、归属感，非常关注自己是否被所属团体认同。重视生活的保障，在稳定的生活形态中才能完全发挥所长，欠缺独立性，希望被接纳、被支持，信仰传统价值与规范。人际沟通：人际关系交流上，经常以不伤和气为原则，很在意融洽和谐的气氛，希望和他人的生活步调一致，看法态度与人相似。较难拒绝别人的请求，害怕得罪人，有逃避正面冲突的倾向。职业发展：喜欢规定清楚、目标明确、进度控制有效的单位，能忠实执行公司的政策，确保事情的进展，在规范的单位系统里能发挥所长，适合公务员等职业。性格特质：维持自己内心的平静，凡事追求顺其自然，我们大都具有内向感觉感官型的人格，是以保守自居的传统主义者。\n\n请问鹅黄色是什么样的色彩？", - "你好，Human。鹅黄色是色彩的一种，它呈现出淡淡的暖色调。这种颜色给人一种清新宁静的感觉，早春柳树因柳花便呈现鹅黄色。它并不张扬，让人觉得淡雅清爽，有赏心悦目的观感。" + "鹅黄色是色彩的一种，它呈现出淡淡的暖色调。这种颜色给人一种清新宁静的感觉，早春柳树因柳花便呈现鹅黄色。它并不张扬，让人觉得淡雅清爽，有赏心悦目的观感。" ], [ "鹅黄色在服装搭配上有什么特别之处吗？", @@ -420784,7 +420784,7 @@ "history": [ [ "睡皇后邓紫棋2018年音乐EP\n《睡皇后》是邓紫棋于2018年12月14日发行的音乐EP，共收录3首歌曲，由Lupo Groinig担任制作人\n。\n中文名\n睡皇后\n外文名\nQueen G\n专辑语言\n普通话\n粤语\n专辑歌手\n邓紫棋\n专辑时长\n12分31秒\n曲目数量\n3 首\n音乐风格\n流行\n唱片公司\n蜂鸟音乐\n发行日期\n2018年12月14日\n发行地区\n中国\n制作人\nLupo Groinig\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n睡皇后创作背景 \n该EP是邓紫棋“音乐童话三部曲”系列作品的最终章。《岩石里的花》用绝处逢生的花朵来比喻一段不被外界看好的感情。《睡皇后》旨在致敬初心，与歌曲《睡公主》相呼应\n。\n睡皇后专辑曲目 \n曲序曲目作词作曲编曲时长1《岩石里的花》邓紫棋邓紫棋Lupo Groinig4:542《WHY》3:413《睡皇后》3:56\n\n请问一下2018年邓紫棋发布的音乐EP《睡皇后》的发行时间和发行地区分别是什么？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，《睡皇后》这张音乐EP是邓紫棋于2018年12月14日发行的。发行地区是中国。如果你有其他问题，请随时提问。" + "根据提供的信息，《睡皇后》这张音乐EP是邓紫棋于2018年12月14日发行的。发行地区是中国。如果你有其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "这张专辑共有多少首歌曲？都是什么歌曲呢？", @@ -421677,7 +421677,7 @@ "history": [ [ "粗粮\n粗粮是相对我们平时吃的精米白面等细粮而言的，主要包括谷类中的玉米、紫米、高粱、燕麦、荞麦、麦麸以及各种干豆类，如黄豆、青豆、赤豆、绿豆等\n。\n中文名\n粗粮\n种 类\n谷物类、杂豆类、块茎类\n谷物类\n玉米、小米、红米、黑米、高粱等\n杂豆类\n黄豆、绿豆、红豆、青豆、黑豆等\n块茎类\n红薯、山药、马铃薯等\n简 介\n一般指大米和面粉以外的粮食\n \n粗粮粗粮分类 \n根据粗粮不同的形态，可将粗粮分为三大类。1.谷物类：玉米、小米、红米、黑米、紫米、高粱、大麦、燕麦、荞麦等。2.杂豆类：黄豆、绿豆、红豆、黑豆、蚕豆、豌豆等。3.块茎类：红薯、山药、马铃薯等。\n粗粮营养成分 \n粗粮种类多样，营养价值高，各种粗粮所含的营养素各有所长。粗粮加工过程简单，保存了许多细粮中没有的营养成分。从营养成分上看，大部分粗粮蛋白质含量相对偏少，淀粉、纤维素、矿物质，以及B族维生素含量丰富\n。其营养成分可总结为以下：1.含有蛋白质：不同的粗粮所含蛋白质情况不同，燕麦富含蛋白质；豆类也富含蛋白质，且是优质蛋白，其余粗粮蛋白质含量比燕麦和大豆少。2.含有脂肪：粗粮中脂肪含量都不高，玉米、紫薯等的含量很低。3.含有碳水化合物：粗粮中碳水化合物含量不是很高，荞麦、燕麦的碳水化合物比其余粗粮多。粗粮含有丰富的不可溶性纤维素，有利于保障消化系统正常运转。4.含有维生素，远高于精白米和精白面：在各种主食中，精白大米的维生素含量最低，精白面次之。因为谷类有一个与众不同的特点，它的维生素和矿物质主要集中在外层。而粗粮中富含维生素。①维生素A：维生素A又称胡萝卜素，对眼睛有好处，小米中富含胡萝卜素\n。②B族维生素：燕麦含有大量的维生素B1；小米含有大量维生素B1 、维生素B2 ，具有调养作用，但其氨基酸组成不理想，赖氨酸过低而亮氨酸过高，也不能长期食用。玉米含有大量的维生素 B6 、烟酸（但所含烟酸为结合型，如果食用前不进行碱处理，就不能被人体利用，等同于烟酸缺失\n。）荞麦含有其他谷物所不具有的“叶绿素”和“芦丁”，它的维生素B1、B2比小麦多两倍，烟酸是3-4倍。5.含有矿物质，远高于精白米和精白面：粗粮中富含铁、镁、钙、钠等，玉米中富含镁，高粱中富含铁，其余粗粮相对少一点。6.含有大量的膳食纤维：粗粮中富含膳食纤维\n，其是人类第7大营养素。\n粗粮营养分析 \n粗粮益处\n①帮助肠道蠕动，排除毒素，预防便秘\n\n你好，请问粗粮有哪些类型？", - "你好，Human。根据粗粮的不同形态，我们可以将粗粮分为三大类。其中分别是：\n\n1. 谷物类：包括玉米、小米、红米、黑米、紫米、高粮、大麦、燕麦、荞麦等。\n2. 杂豆类：有黄豆、绿豆、红豆、黑豆、蚕豆、豌豆等。\n3. 块茎类：例如红薯、山药、马铃薯等。\n\n这些粗粮都富含各自独特的营养成分，可以为你的饮食带来丰富多样的营养选择。" + "根据粗粮的不同形态，我们可以将粗粮分为三大类。其中分别是：\n\n1. 谷物类：包括玉米、小米、红米、黑米、紫米、高粮、大麦、燕麦、荞麦等。\n2. 杂豆类：有黄豆、绿豆、红豆、黑豆、蚕豆、豌豆等。\n3. 块茎类：例如红薯、山药、马铃薯等。\n\n这些粗粮都富含各自独特的营养成分，可以为你的饮食带来丰富多样的营养选择。" ], [ "了解了谷物类，那么谷物类粗粮的营养成分有哪些？", @@ -421692,7 +421692,7 @@ "history": [ [ "面经\n其意思即为：面试经验。求职者把面试经验写下来发布在BBS上供他人参考。\n中文名\n面经\n外文名\n无\n解 释\n面试经验\n对 象\n求职者\n \n面经基本介绍 \n面经是个网络力量制造的词汇，其意思即为：面试经验。求职者把面试经验写下来发布在BBS上供他人参考。大学生在就业形式严峻的情况下，在经历多次面试后，将自己在面试过程中遇到的问题、面试官的提问、对于招聘企业的一些感知在网络上进行分享，给其他的难兄难弟指出一条明路。\n面经背景介绍 \n据中国社会科学院发布的2009年《经济蓝皮书》预计， 2008年年底有100万高校毕业生不能就业，而 2009年又将有近611万大学生面临就业。“我们现在是‘海投’简历，就是不分专业、不限地区、不问薪水。即便如此，同学们收到用人单位回复的还是寥寥无几。如果实在找不到工作，我只有继续读博，好躲过当前的就业难关。”2009年就要毕业的中国传媒大学硕士研究生向青说。 种种迹象表明，大学生就业步入了“寒冬”\n面经工作经历 \n又是一年毕业时，面对严峻的经济形势，大学生们上演着几家欢喜几家愁的就业悲喜剧。 据中国社会科学院发布的2009年《经济蓝皮书》预计，2008年年底有100万高校毕业生不能就业，而2009年又将有近611万大学生面临就业。 专家们普遍认为：一方面是企业招不到能胜任起点职位的大学毕业生，一方面大学毕业生找不到工作。专家们称之为结构性失衡的就业难。麦可思人力资源信息管理咨询公司总裁王伯庆非常赞同这个观点。在他看来，大学毕业生就业难的主要原因是大学教育中就业训练不足造成的。绝大多数大学毕业生，是以就业为读书目的；占大学毕业生一半以上的高职、专科学生更是以就业为惟一出路。王伯庆认为，不管是精英学校，还是高职院培养技工人员，都需要以就业为导向。 “解决大学生就业年年难问题，大学教育就要以就业为导向。”王伯庆指出，这是大学教育购买者的需要，是社会发展的需要，也是中国国情决定的。\n面经现象\n\n请问什么是面经？", - "你好，Human。面经是一个网络词汇，它的意思是面试经验。求职者将面试过程中遇到的问题、面试官的提问、对于招聘企业的感知等经验写下来并发布在BBS等平台上，以供其他求职者参考。这种做法可以帮助求职者更好地准备面试，了解企业的招聘需求和期望。" + "面经是一个网络词汇，它的意思是面试经验。求职者将面试过程中遇到的问题、面试官的提问、对于招聘企业的感知等经验写下来并发布在BBS等平台上，以供其他求职者参考。这种做法可以帮助求职者更好地准备面试，了解企业的招聘需求和期望。" ], [ "面经是怎么起源的？为什么会有面经这个现象？", @@ -423164,7 +423164,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阴阳师日本NHK放送的电视剧\n中文名\n阴阳师\n外文名\nおんみょうじ\n类 型\n剧情、奇幻、鬼怪\n制片地区\n日本\n拍摄地点\n日本\n发行公司\n日本放送协会NHK\n首播时间\n2001年04月03日\n导 演\n小田切正明\n编 剧\n小松江里子,长川千佳子,田中江里夏,渡边美穗子\n制片人\n近藤晋\n主 演\n稻垣吾郎、杉本哲太、塚本高史、寺尾聪、石桥莲司\n集 数\n10 集\n每集长度\n40 分钟\n在线播放平台\n土豆\n出品时间\n2001年04月03日\n \n基本信息\n阴阳师基本信息 \n剧 名：阴阳师おんみょうじ电视台：日本放送协会NHK首 播：2001-04-03回 数：10第一回：玄象第二回：爬行鬼第三回：迷神第四回：铁轮第五回：母亲 \n安倍晴明告白的第六集(6张)\n 第六回：鬼小町第七回：泪的回答第八回：鬼のみちゆき第九回：心之鬼第十回：鬼火\n阴阳师演职员表 \n原 作：梦枕貘编 剧：小松江里子,长川千佳子，田中江里夏,渡边美穗子配 乐：H.GARDEN制作人：近藤晋导 演：小田切正明演 员：安倍晴明/稻垣吾郎源博雅/杉本哲太蜜虫/本上まなみ(本上真奈美)芦屋道满/寺尾聪藤原兼家/石桥莲司玉草/山口纱弥加鹿岛贵次/宫川一朗太漠多太/永泽俊矢贵子/樱井淳子藤子/南野阳子菅原伊通/西村和彦德子/横山 めぐみ(横山 惠)藤原为良/渡辺いっけい白比丘尼/高桥 惠子妙/美保纯小夜/春名美咪小野小町/三田和代深草の少将/风间杜夫/ 冢本高史聪子/后藤理沙夕子/高桥 ひとみ淑子/户田 菜穗村上正嗣/石桥保修子/日岛靖代疾风/金山一彦\n阴阳师主要剧情 \n阴阳师是日本放送协会NHK2001-04-03首播的日本奇幻/鬼怪电视剧，导演小田切正明。剧情大意为安倍晴明是一位深受皇帝宠信的阴阳师,却一直因为来历不名的身世,遭到百官的轻视和排挤。虽然如此，晴明却凭借高超的法术,和一群朋友的支持，化解了一系列灵异事件。\n\n你好，请问你了解日本阴阳师这部电视剧吗？", - "你好，Human! 是的，我了解这部电视剧。这部电视剧的中文名是《阴阳师》，日文名为「おんみょうじ」。它是一部日本的奇幻鬼怪剧情片，由日本放送协会NHK制作和发行。这部剧集在日本本土以及中国大陆的土豆在线播放平台上都有播出。第一季在2001年4月3日首播，共有10集，每集时长为40分钟。导演是小田切正明，编剧团队由小松江里子、长川千佳子、田中江里夏、渡边美穗子组成。主演有稻垣吾郎、杉本哲太、塚本高史、寺尾聪、石桥莲司等。" + "是的，我了解这部电视剧。这部电视剧的中文名是《阴阳师》，日文名为「おんみょうじ」。它是一部日本的奇幻鬼怪剧情片，由日本放送协会NHK制作和发行。这部剧集在日本本土以及中国大陆的土豆在线播放平台上都有播出。第一季在2001年4月3日首播，共有10集，每集时长为40分钟。导演是小田切正明，编剧团队由小松江里子、长川千佳子、田中江里夏、渡边美穗子组成。主演有稻垣吾郎、杉本哲太、塚本高史、寺尾聪、石桥莲司等。" ], [ "这部剧的故事是关于什么的呢？", @@ -423275,7 +423275,7 @@ "history": [ [ "极客美国俚语Geek的音译\n极客是美国俚语Geek音标[ɡiːk]的音译。随着互联网文化的兴起，这个词含有智力超群和努力的意思，又被用于形容对计算机和网络技术有狂热兴趣并投入大量时间钻研的人。现代的Geek含义虽然与过去有所不同，但大多仍相似，Geek更多是指在互联网时代创造全新的商业模式、尖端技术与时尚潮流的人。总之，是一群以创新、技术和时尚为生命意义的人，这群人共同地战斗在新经济、尖端技术和世界时尚风潮的前线，共同为现代的电子化社会文化做出自己的贡献。\n中文名\n极客\n外文名\ngeek音标[ɡiːk]\n中文别名\n奇客\n定 义\n狂热于技术的人\n著名极客\n史蒂夫·乔布斯，比尔·盖茨等\n \n极客起源 \n“极客”一词，来自于美国俚语“geek”的音译，一般理解为性格古怪的人。数学“极客”大多是指，并不一定是数学专业但又对数学等技术有狂热的兴趣并投入大量时间钻研的人。又译作“奇客”。很长时间在西方文化里geek的意思一直偏向鄙意，在PC革命初期，Geek开始衍生为一般人对电脑黑客的贬称，他们具有极高的技术能力，对计算机与网络的痴迷有时会达到不正常的状态。但如今，随着互联网的日益普及，那些一直被视为怪异者的边缘人物，突然被历史之手推向舞台的中央，转变成为社会主流。Geek们自己却对“局外人”身份感到骄傲，像宗教一样强烈信仰科技的力量。极客对这个世界的影响，不仅局限在物质层面，崇尚科技、自由和创造力的极客精神正越来越成为这个时代新的意识形态。随着极客概念的大众化，国内出现了更多的响应极客文化，推广极客概念，追随极客精神的个人和组织。如极客公园、《Geek》 杂志、GEAK品牌等。\n极客人物实例\n\n你好。请问“极客”这个词是怎么来的？", - "你好，Human！“极客”这个词源自美国俚语“Geek”的音译，音标为[ɡiːk]。最初这个词被用来形容性格古怪的人。随着互联网文化的兴起，它逐渐演变成了描述对计算机和网络技术有狂热兴趣并投入大量时间钻研的人。现在，“极客”一词更多地表示创新、技术和时尚，这群人为电子化社会文化做出了贡献。因此，“极客”的概念不再局限于贬义，反而具有一定的正面意义。" + "“极客”这个词源自美国俚语“Geek”的音译，音标为[ɡiːk]。最初这个词被用来形容性格古怪的人。随着互联网文化的兴起，它逐渐演变成了描述对计算机和网络技术有狂热兴趣并投入大量时间钻研的人。现在，“极客”一词更多地表示创新、技术和时尚，这群人为电子化社会文化做出了贡献。因此，“极客”的概念不再局限于贬义，反而具有一定的正面意义。" ], [ "极客文化是如何影响到我们这个时代的？", @@ -423369,7 +423369,7 @@ "history": [ [ "元婴期修真阶段\n元婴期\n是修真的一个阶段。道家修炼的元婴又称道胎，先是大周天通，然后身体三开合，中脉现，三花聚顶，丹成，三田育婴。\n中文名\n元婴期\n外文名\nYuan Ying Period\n属 性\n修真\n对 象\n道家，修仙者\n \n元婴期释意 \n元婴期\n是修真的一个阶段，而修真又包括两种：第一:旋照、开光、融合、心动、灵寂、元婴、出窍、分神、合体、渡劫、大乘、飞升。第二:开光、辟谷、成丹、金丹、元婴、出窍、分神、融合、度劫、大成、飞升 。修道是：引气入体、练气化神、炼神返虚、天仙、金仙、混元大罗金仙（圣人）、大道（鸿钧、天道） 。第二：筑基，蓄气，开窍，外景，法身(人仙，地仙，天仙)，传说，造化，登岸(彼岸者，古老者，最古老者)，道果。一般来说，修道这种说法是写洪荒类型的小说的，修真这一类写仙侠之类的小说。 气功之类的一本是后天级,先天级,宗师级,接着有些书是写以武入道的，入了道的是大概是金丹期,所以气功的是不够修真的好打。\n元婴期道家解释\n\n根据刚才提到的元婴期修真阶段，元婴期的修炼具体包括哪些过程？", - "你好，Human。元婴期是修真的一个阶段，它在修真过程中的位置可用以下两种分类方式说明：第一种分类方法是旋照、开光、融合、心动、灵寂、元婴、出窍、分神、合体、渡劫、大乘、飞升；第二种分类方法是开光、辟谷、成丹、金丹、元婴、出窍、分神、融合、度劫、大成、飞升。修真的过程包括了这些阶段，但具体的修炼方法和细节因道家传统和个人修炼方法的不同而略有差异。" + "元婴期是修真的一个阶段，它在修真过程中的位置可用以下两种分类方式说明：第一种分类方法是旋照、开光、融合、心动、灵寂、元婴、出窍、分神、合体、渡劫、大乘、飞升；第二种分类方法是开光、辟谷、成丹、金丹、元婴、出窍、分神、融合、度劫、大成、飞升。修真的过程包括了这些阶段，但具体的修炼方法和细节因道家传统和个人修炼方法的不同而略有差异。" ], [ "那么在元婴期这个阶段，修炼者的身体有什么变化？", @@ -423682,7 +423682,7 @@ "history": [ [ "打情骂俏词语\n打情骂俏，汉语成语，拼音是dǎ qíng mà qiào，指男女间假意打骂玩笑，互相调情。出自《西游补》。\n中文名\n打情骂俏\n外文名\nflirt\n出 处\n《西游补》\n拼 音\ndǎ qíng mà qiào\n注 音\nㄉㄚˇ ㄑㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄚˋ ㄑㄧㄠˋ\n \n打情骂俏成语解释 \n情：风情；俏：俏皮、风趣。指男女间假意打骂玩笑，互相调情。\n打情骂俏成语出处 \n明·董说《西游补》第一回：“在那里采野花，结草卦，抱儿携女，打情骂俏。”\n打情骂俏成语用法 \n联合式；作谓语、宾语、定语；指男女调情\n打情骂俏示例 \n清·曾朴《孽海花》第三十五回：“高兴起来，简直不分主仆，打情骂俏的搅做一团。”\n\n请问打情骂俏这个成语是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！打情骂俏是一个汉语成语，意指男女间假意打骂玩笑，互相调情。这里的“情”表示风情，而“俏”表示俏皮、风趣。这个成语向我们传达了一种轻松愉快的气氛，用于描述人们在互动中展示出的风趣幽默。" + "打情骂俏是一个汉语成语，意指男女间假意打骂玩笑，互相调情。这里的“情”表示风情，而“俏”表示俏皮、风趣。这个成语向我们传达了一种轻松愉快的气氛，用于描述人们在互动中展示出的风趣幽默。" ], [ "打情骂俏这个成语的来源是什么？", @@ -425713,7 +425713,7 @@ "history": [ [ "暴风骤雨\n暴风骤雨，汉语成语，拼音是bào fēng zhòu yǔ。意思是来势急速而猛烈的风雨，比喻声势浩大，发展迅速的运动，也作暴风疾雨。\n出自《老子》。\n中文名\n暴风骤雨\n拼 音\nbào fēng zhòu yǔ\n注 音\nㄅㄠˋ ㄈㄥ ㄓㄡˋ ㄧㄩˇ\n出 处\n《老子》\n \n暴风骤雨成语辨析 \n【近义词】狂风暴雨、急风暴雨【反义词】和风细雨、东风化雨\n暴风骤雨成语出处 \n《老子》第二十三章：“故飘风不终朝，骤雨不终日。”\n暴风骤雨成语用法 \n作主语、宾语；形容迅疾而猛烈的风雨或群众运动。示例明·吴承恩《西游记》第69回：“有雌雄二鸟，原在一处同飞，忽被暴风骤雨惊散。”\n\n请问成语“暴风骤雨”是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！暴风骤雨是汉语成语，意思是来势急速而猛烈的风雨。它常被用来比喻声势浩大，发展迅速的运动。这个成语出自《老子》一书，可以形容迅疾而猛烈的风雨或者群众运动。" + "暴风骤雨是汉语成语，意思是来势急速而猛烈的风雨。它常被用来比喻声势浩大，发展迅速的运动。这个成语出自《老子》一书，可以形容迅疾而猛烈的风雨或者群众运动。" ], [ "暴风骤雨的拼音和注音是什么？", @@ -426041,7 +426041,7 @@ "history": [ [ "翻盘\n《翻盘》是天津人民出版社出版的图书，图书作者是蔡万刚。\n书 名\n翻盘\n作 者\n蔡万刚\n出版社\n天津人民出版社\n出版时间\n2019年04月01日\n页 数\n240 页\n定 价\n42.8 元\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787201145808\n \n翻盘目录 \n翻盘第1辑\n 逆战如何在一般基点上，成为不一般的人/ CHAPTER / 01 /困局：世界正在惩罚不改变的人一般，是因为你自认一般 2宿命论者终身“囹圄” 4有多少潜能，都被自己封印了 6想法不能真正决定活法 10我们常常输在“忘记尝试”上 13不疯狂，我们就对不起自己 14/ CHAPTER / 02 /反思：当务之急是颠覆以往的认知人的心中有个魔鬼，叫“不可能” 19这个时代，别想“以不变应万变” 22僵硬的思维让你活得像具僵尸 25等到万事俱备，黄花菜都凉了 28想要万无一失，好比坐吃等死 30只会攒钱的人难赚大钱 32大家赞同的，未必是对的 35/ CHAPTER / 03 /脱胎：从一般到不一般的关键突破你要对“不一般”如饥似渴 38主动出击，才有机会翻盘 40知道该做什么，而不是想做什么 41足够努力，就足以完成逆袭44抢着担当，有利于你快速成长 46关键性决策要杀伐决断 48脚步要快，一定要比别人快 50善于借助外力，成就自己 52\n翻盘第2辑\n\n我想知道这本《翻盘》的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human！《翻盘》这本书的作者是蔡万刚。" + "《翻盘》这本书的作者是蔡万刚。" ], [ "这本书主要讲了什么？能给我简单介绍一下吗？", @@ -426229,7 +426229,7 @@ "history": [ [ "放手一搏\n《放手一搏》，是由三郎作词、作曲、演唱，由陈冠锋编曲的流行歌曲。\n中文名\n放手一搏\n歌曲原唱\n三郎\n填 词\n三郎\n谱 曲\n三郎\n编 曲\n陈冠锋\n音乐风格\n流行\n混 缩\n苏洲\n 乐曲内容放手一搏吧别顾虑太多这就是男人该有的性格不问人生路几多坎坷一腔热血敢爱敢做放手一搏吧别理会太多不问有谁能真正懂我不羁这一生要的是洒脱再多的困难挫折一笑而过走过风风雨雨趟过大江大河大风大浪里走过尔虞我诈见得太多我只是沧海一粟像落叶无声飘过谁情愿随波逐流顶天立地才应该是我放手一搏吧别顾虑太多这就是男人该有的性格不问人生路几多坎坷一腔热血敢爱敢做放手一搏吧别理会太多不问有谁能真正懂我不羁这一生要的是洒脱再多的困难挫折一笑而过太多的悲欢离合尝过心酸苦涩鲜花掌声中走过患难相随的能有几个我只是一叶孤舟人海中无声飘过谁情愿随波逐流重情重义的那个是我放手一搏吧别顾虑太多这就是男人该有的性格不问人生路几多坎坷一腔热血敢爱敢做放手一搏吧别理会太多不问有谁能真正懂我不羁这一生要的是洒脱再多的困难挫折放手一搏吧别顾虑太多这就是男人该有的性格不问人生路几多坎坷一腔热血敢爱敢做放手一搏吧别理会太多不问有谁能真正懂我不羁这一生要的是洒脱再多的困难挫折一笑而过\n\n请问这首《放手一搏》是谁创作的？", - "你好，Human！这首《放手一搏》是由三郎作词、作曲并演唱的。因此，三郎是这首歌曲的创作者。他的作品展现了他的音乐才华和独特风格。" + "这首《放手一搏》是由三郎作词、作曲并演唱的。因此，三郎是这首歌曲的创作者。他的作品展现了他的音乐才华和独特风格。" ], [ "这首歌的编曲是谁负责的呢？", @@ -426489,7 +426489,7 @@ "history": [ [ "美少女战士Crystal动画作品\n《美少女战士Crystal》是“Sailor Moon”系列相隔近17年后推出的全新动画作品，为系列诞生20~30周年纪念企划的一部分\n。2014年7月5日起播出第1、2季，于每月第一及第三个星期六通过NICONICO动画向全世界同步公开，两季全26话；第3季于2016年4月4日起在地上电视台播出，全12话（分为13集）\n。美少女战士Eternal作为《美少女战士Crystal》系列第四季于2021年1月8日及2月11日上映；\n系列最终季作品、剧场版《美少女战士Cosmos》将于2023年初夏在日本上映。\n该剧在基本忠实原著剧情的基础上增添了跨时代的改变，将原漫画中一些不合时代的建筑、电器都作出了修改。第1话~第14话前2/3为Dark Kingdom篇；第二季Black Moon篇（第14话后1/3~第26话）中，作品另一女主角小小兔登场；在16年播出的第三季Death Busters篇里，外部太阳系4战士也悉数出场，至此，太阳系10名战士已全部与观众见面。\n中文名\n美少女战士Crystal\n原版名称\n美少女戦士セーラームーンCrystal\n动画制作\n东映动画\n类 型\n魔法少女、热血、爱情\n原作者\n武内直子\n地 区\n日本\n角色设计\n佐光幸惠（1/2期）、高桥晃（3期）\n、只野和子（4/5期）\n导 演\n境宗久（1/2期）\n、今千秋（3/4期）、高桥知也（5期）\n编 剧\n小林雄次（1-3期）、笔安一幸（4-5期）\n作画监督\n佐光幸惠\n、桑原直子、岩田景子、高桥晃\n、下地彩加\n、小松こずえ\n、市川吉幸\n集 数\n1-2期总26话，3期12话分13集\n主要配音\n三石琴乃、金元寿子、佐藤利奈、小清水亚美、伊藤静、广桥凉、野岛健儿、福圆美里、皆川纯子、大原沙耶香、前田爱、藤井雪代\n首播电视台\nTOKYO MX\n音 乐\n高梨康治\n播放期间\n2014年7月5日开始\n其他电视台\nテレビ北海道\nテレビ愛知\nサンテレビ\nTVQ九州放送\nBS11\n展开\n其他电视台\nテレビ北海道\nテレビ愛知\nサンテレビ\nTVQ九州放送\nBS11\nViuTV（中国香港）\n台视HD（中国台湾）\n收起\n网络播放\nNICONICO动画、爱奇艺\n1/2期主题曲\nMOON PRIDE\n1/2期片尾曲\n月虹\n3期主题曲\nニュームーンに恋して\n3期片尾曲1\neternal eternity\n3期片尾曲2\n乙女のススメ\n3期片尾曲3\n\n你好，请问《美少女战士Crystal》是什么时候开始播出的？", - "你好，Human，《美少女战士Crystal》第一季和第二季于2014年7月5日开始播出。第三季则于2016年4月4日开始在地上电视台播出。这部动画是距离前作《美少女战士Sailor Moon》相隔近17年后推出的全新作品，是为了纪念系列诞生20至30周年的企划之一。" + "《美少女战士Crystal》第一季和第二季于2014年7月5日开始播出。第三季则于2016年4月4日开始在地上电视台播出。这部动画是距离前作《美少女战士Sailor Moon》相隔近17年后推出的全新作品，是为了纪念系列诞生20至30周年的企划之一。" ], [ "这部作品共有多少集？", @@ -426596,7 +426596,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瓦力\n瓦力是电影《机器人总动员》中的一个虚构角色，亦是该片的主角。他是一台虚构的型号为WALL-E（Waste Allocation Load Lifter Earth Class，地球版垃圾配置承载起重机）的机器人，后来一见钟情地喜欢上了新形异星植物探测女机器人伊芙（EVE，Extraterrestrial Vegetation Evaluator，但被瓦力叫做Eva 伊娃）。原本，“瓦力”是指影片虚构的特大型美国公司BnL（Buy n Large）生产的一系列清扫型机器人，但到了片中故事发生的年代，全世界的瓦力除了片中的这台外都已报废退役，故“瓦力”专指这最后的一台。\n中文名\n瓦力\n外文名\nWALL.E\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n机器人瓦力\n恋 人\n伊娃\n \n瓦力出处 \n \n瓦力设计造型(13张)\n 瓦力于地球生活及工作了至少700年。他的工作是将垃圾变成正方体，并堆放起来。他以太阳能作为能量来源，拥有两个液压操控手臂，双“眼”（数码摄像机）之间还配备了可以切割金属的激光器。瓦力可以在一定程度上对自己进行自我修复，例如，他可以用其他已报废的同类机器人的状况尚佳的履带替换自己破损严重的履带。瓦力在地球上除了打扫，就只能和一只蟑螂相伴。瓦力白天进行打扫、收垃圾的工作，晚上居住在自己的铁皮屋（原本是负责运输大量瓦力机器人的运输车）当中。他富有爱心，并对世界充满了好奇，最大的乐趣就是在打扫时收集各种他认为奇特的物品作为收藏，包括灯泡、魔术方块等。此外，还十分喜欢老歌舞片《你好，多莉！》，并用自带的数码录音设备将其片段录制下来，随身聆听。\n瓦力制作公司 \n \n瓦力的剧照(11张)\n 李平工作室………………译制迪士尼国际配音公司……监制这是迪士尼中国公司官方监制的中国大陆配音版本，只在电影频道播出。市面上的正版DVD使用的是台湾配音版本。\n\n你好，请问你能给我详细介绍一下电影《机器人总动员》的主角瓦力吗？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你介绍瓦力。瓦力是电影《机器人总动员》中的一个虚构角色和主角。他的全称是WALL-E，意为“地球版垃圾配置承载起重机”。瓦力来自一个虚构的特大型美国公司BnL（Buy n Large）生产的清扫型机器人系列。在故事发生的年代，全球的瓦力机器人除了影片中的这台以外都已报废退役，所以“瓦力”专指这最后的一台。\n\n瓦力在地球生活了至少700年，他的主要任务是将各种垃圾压缩成正方体并堆放起来。他利用太阳能作为能量来源，有两个液压操控手臂，还有数码摄像头和金属切割激光器。瓦力能进行自我修复，例如用其他已报废的同类机器人的部件替换自己损坏的部件。他在地球上的唯一伙伴是一只蟑螂，他对世界充满好奇，热衷于收集奇特的物品。" + "很高兴为你介绍瓦力。瓦力是电影《机器人总动员》中的一个虚构角色和主角。他的全称是WALL-E，意为“地球版垃圾配置承载起重机”。瓦力来自一个虚构的特大型美国公司BnL（Buy n Large）生产的清扫型机器人系列。在故事发生的年代，全球的瓦力机器人除了影片中的这台以外都已报废退役，所以“瓦力”专指这最后的一台。\n\n瓦力在地球生活了至少700年，他的主要任务是将各种垃圾压缩成正方体并堆放起来。他利用太阳能作为能量来源，有两个液压操控手臂，还有数码摄像头和金属切割激光器。瓦力能进行自我修复，例如用其他已报废的同类机器人的部件替换自己损坏的部件。他在地球上的唯一伙伴是一只蟑螂，他对世界充满好奇，热衷于收集奇特的物品。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍。那么瓦力有什么性格特点呢？", @@ -426998,7 +426998,7 @@ "history": [ [ "出口\n《出口》是2018年四川人民出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n出口\n作 者\n庚武泱著\n出版社\n四川人民出版社\n出版时间\n2018年7月1日\n开 本\n32 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787534068911\n \n出口内容简介 \n《画语录：出口》中收录了庾武泱自2015年底至2018年初的部分个人绘画作品。有别于商业插画的创作，这部分作品多以情绪或是梦境为主题。\n出口作者简介 \n庾武泱，独立插画师，1990年生，现居苏州。，2015年于浙江理工大学取得插画方向硕士学位，毕业后从事自由工作至今。2014年个人作品展“梦与筑梦者”于浙江理工大学举办。2015年系列插画《eden》入选第二届中国（杭州）国际青年插画漫画双年展，并获第四届中华区插画奖创作组金奖及评委特选奖。2017年系列插画《coven》获第四届Hiii Illustration国际插画大赛作品奖。短篇漫画集《苔&寿司》（香蕉鱼独立出版）参加北京“‘一个人，的绘本”——时差空间新锐绘本展，北京敬人纸语“自由”原创漫画&绘本展，以及法国马赛FOTOKINO[INK]书展。个人手工作品及水彩参加2017年朵云轩艺术中心“好奇柜”——上海首届博物艺术展。\n\n请问《出口》这本书是什么内容？", - "你好，Human。《画语录：出口》是一本收录了庾武泱从2015年底至2018年初的部分个人绘画作品的图书。这些作品主要以情绪和梦境为主题，与商业插画的创作有所不同。" + "《画语录：出口》是一本收录了庾武泱从2015年底至2018年初的部分个人绘画作品的图书。这些作品主要以情绪和梦境为主题，与商业插画的创作有所不同。" ], [ "这本书的作者庾武泱都有哪些成就？", @@ -427082,7 +427082,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中华\n古代华夏族多建都于黄河南北，以其在四方之中,因称之为中华,是汉族最初兴起的地方\n,后各朝疆土渐广,凡所统辖,皆称中华\n，亦称中国\n。中华，指的是我国全境，该词不仅是地理层面的，更深一层的价值在文化沉积方面。“中华”一词最早使用是用在天文方面，“东藩四星，南第一星曰上相，其北，东太阳门也。第二星曰次相，其北，中华东门也。第三星曰次将，其北，东太阴门也。第四星曰上将，所谓四辅也。”（《天文经星·中宫》）。\n中华古称华夏，分为许多部落，活跃于黄河中下游，自黄帝时统一为华夏部落联盟。比较著名的中华人文始祖有：有巢氏\n、燧人氏\n、伏羲氏\n、神农氏（炎帝）\n、黄帝（轩辕氏）\n、尧、舜、禹等。其中依据中国历史大系表记载：有巢氏位列五氏之首，被誉为华夏“第一人文始祖” ，中华民族在黄河流域留下众多的文明遗址。\n中文名\n中华\n外文名\nCiumhoa、China、Cina\n释 义\n原为天文含义，后指地理层面\n领 域\n文化/地域\n出 处\n《天文经星·中宫》\n始 祖\n有巢氏 、燧人氏、伏羲氏、神农氏（炎帝）、轩辕氏（黄帝）\n \n中华引证解释 \n指中国 \n中华始祖(5张)\n 东晋 桓温《请还都洛阳疏》：“自强胡陵暴，中华荡覆，狼狈失据。”元末 宋濂 《奉天北伐讨元檄文》：“......驱除胡虏，恢复中华，立纲陈纪，救济斯民。”明 利玛窦《利玛窦中国札记·第二章》：“我们通常称呼这个国家为中国（Ciumquo）或中华（Ciumhoa）......”明 毕懋康《军器图说》：“夷狄所畏中华者，火器也。”李氏朝鲜 春秋馆《成宗实录》：“吾东方自箕子以来，教化大行，男有烈士之风，女有贞正之俗，史称小中华。”指中原宋张淏《云谷杂记·侍郎徐公帖》：「枞阳张监镇，其先中华人，自其祖寓武义，邦宪与之邻居有年矣。」明何景明《彭生行》：「王严杨马各挺出，异才岂必生中华。」\n指汉族\n唐 李延寿《北史·高敖曹传》：“时鲜卑共轻中华朝士，唯怿昂（高昂）。神武（高欢）每申令三军，常为鲜卑言；昂若在列时，则为华言。”宋 司马光《资治通鉴·唐纪十四》：“上曰：‘自古皆贵中华，贱夷狄，朕独爱之如一，故其种落皆依朕如父母。’”明 黄溥《闲中今古录摘抄》：“且如胡元只任胡族为正官，中华人官佐二。”\n\n你好，请问中华这个词最早出现是用在什么方面的？", - "你好，Human。根据史料，《天文经星·中宫》是最早记载“中华”一词的文献，它是用在天文方面的。具体描述是“东藩四星，南第一星曰上相，其北，东太阳门也。第二星曰次相，其北，中华东门也。第三星曰次将，其北，东太阴门也。第四星曰上将，所谓四辅也。”这里的“中华”指的是一种天文现象。" + "根据史料，《天文经星·中宫》是最早记载“中华”一词的文献，它是用在天文方面的。具体描述是“东藩四星，南第一星曰上相，其北，东太阳门也。第二星曰次相，其北，中华东门也。第三星曰次将，其北，东太阴门也。第四星曰上将，所谓四辅也。”这里的“中华”指的是一种天文现象。" ], [ "了解了。那么中华一词在古代有哪些文化沉积方面的含义呢？", @@ -428499,7 +428499,7 @@ "history": [ [ "肝糖原\n肝糖原是由许多葡萄糖分子聚合而成的物质。葡萄糖聚合物以糖原的形式储存于肝脏\n中文名\n肝糖原\n外文名\nhepatic glycogen\n别 名\n肝淀粉\n结 构\n与支链淀粉相似\n一般肝中\n糖原含量约100克\n来 源\n食物在饭后由肠道消化吸收入血液\n结构通式\n(C6H10O5)n\n \n肝糖原详述 \n肝糖原是由许多葡萄糖分子聚合而成的物质。葡萄糖聚合物以糖原的形式储存于肝脏，当机体需要时，便可分解成葡萄糖，转化为能量。 正常饮食能使肝糖原不断得到补充，以减少糖原异生作用，同时体内蛋白质亦可得到较好的保存。肝糖原的合成和降解受激素(胰岛素和胰高血糖素)控制，在正常情况下，高等动物有合成和降解肝糖的能力，当激素控制失调，会导致糖尿病。\n肝糖原结构 \n与支链淀粉相似，由葡萄吡喃糖按α，1→4糖苷键缩合而成，在肝糖分子中支链点之间的距离只有5或6个糖单元，形成像树杈状的紧密结构。一般肝中糖原含量约100克。\n肝糖原来源 \n①食物在饭后由肠道消化吸收入血液，葡萄糖、果糖、乳糖被输入肝脏，有60%～70%转化为糖原储存起来。②空腹时糖原异生增加，即蛋白质分解成氨基酸，脂肪分解成甘油在肝脏转化成糖原；肌肉收缩生成的乳酸，通过肝脏的代谢，亦可能转化为肝糖原。\n肝糖原性质 \n肝糖可用热水及三氯乙酸溶液、30%氢氧化钙溶液等提取，然后用乙醇使其沉淀。肝糖为白色无定形粉末。比旋光度+196.5(水)。溶于水，不溶于乙醇及其他有机溶剂。分子量有百万到数百万之多。遇碘变紫色，遇酸及酵母即行分解为麦芽糖和葡萄糖。\n\n你好，请问什么是肝糖原？", - "你好，Human！肝糖原是由许多葡萄糖分子聚合而成的物质，它以糖原的形式储存在我们的肝脏中。当我们的身体需要能量时，肝糖原可以分解成葡萄糖来提供能量。此外，正常饮食能使肝糖原不断得到补充，以减少糖原异生作用，同时保留体内蛋白质。" + "肝糖原是由许多葡萄糖分子聚合而成的物质，它以糖原的形式储存在我们的肝脏中。当我们的身体需要能量时，肝糖原可以分解成葡萄糖来提供能量。此外，正常饮食能使肝糖原不断得到补充，以减少糖原异生作用，同时保留体内蛋白质。" ], [ "肝糖原和支链淀粉有什么关系？", @@ -428827,7 +428827,7 @@ "history": [ [ "佛山市第二中学广东省国家级示范性高中\n佛山市第二中学（Foshan No.2 Middle School）位于广东省佛山市，是一所国家级示范性高中。佛山市第二中学前身为1954年佛山市人民政府开办的佛山市第二初级中学 ，曾用过的校名石湾日用二厂中学、工业厂中学，1975年6月改为佛山市第二中学。2002年搬迁至现址。2018年被佛山市教育局拟定为精品高中创建学校。\n2021年2月确定新校区将落户佛山绿岛湖，预计2024年建成。\n中文名\n佛山市第二中学\n外文名\nFoshan No.2 Middle School\n简 称\n佛山二中\n创办时间\n1954年\n办学性质\n公立中学\n学校类别\n普通高中\n学校特色\n国家级示范性高中\n主管部门\n禅城区教育局\n现任领导\n校长：李朝念\n校 训\n自强不息\n校 歌\n自强之歌\n校庆日\n12月9日\n地 址\n佛山市禅城区华远西路12号\n主要奖项\n课改实验基地学校\n高中教育教学先进单位\n知名校友\n孙锦云、蔡沛祥等\n \n同义词\n佛山二中（佛山二中）一般指佛山市第二中学\n \n佛山市第二中学历史沿革 \n1954年佛山市人民政府在龙船湾原莲花中学旧址新办了一所中学，开办初期校名为 “佛山市第二初级中学 ” 。招收初一级新生6个班，学生318人；教职工21人，其中专任教师14人。1956年，市区中小学校建立中共党支部，佛山二中为一个支部。1957年7月学校第一届毕业生，人数293人。9月中国共产党佛山二中党支部建立，黄茵为支部书记。1958年7月佛山市人民政府对市内中学布局进行调整，学校迁到石湾和平路原南海县师范学校的所在地。9月佛山二中人民公社成立，佛山市委决定将全日制的二中作为进行半工半读的教育改革试验。\n\n请问佛山市第二中学是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！佛山市第二中学成立于1954年，最初的校名是“佛山市第二初级中学”。随后，它还曾用过的校名石湾日用二厂中学、工业厂中学，在1975年6月正式改为佛山市第二中学。这所学校是广东省佛山市的一所国家级示范性高中。" + "佛山市第二中学成立于1954年，最初的校名是“佛山市第二初级中学”。随后，它还曾用过的校名石湾日用二厂中学、工业厂中学，在1975年6月正式改为佛山市第二中学。这所学校是广东省佛山市的一所国家级示范性高中。" ], [ "这所学校的校训是什么？", @@ -428981,7 +428981,7 @@ { "instruction": "早餐\n《早餐》是由万合天宜影视文化有限公司和科宝厨柜联合出品的微电影，由邓科执导，贾媛媛、吴松灿等主演。该片于2012年3月26日在中国内地上映\n。该片讲述了都市生活中夫妻间微妙的情感变化和面对感情危机而进行种种抉择的故事\n。\n中文名\n早餐\n外文名\nBreakfast\n出品时间\n2012年\n出品公司\n万合天宜影视文化有限公司、科宝厨柜\n制片地区\n中国大陆\n导 演\n邓科\n编 剧\n王雷\n制片人\n李悦\n类 型\n爱情、剧情、微电影\n主 演\n贾媛媛、吴松灿、王雷、王可欣\n片 长\n9分钟\n上映时间\n2012年3月26日(中国内地)\n \n早餐剧情简介 \n张志在外人眼中是个令人羡慕的好男人，一表人才的他在北京不仅有房有车，还拥有漂亮贤惠的好妻子和一份体面的工作（世界500强公司销售总监）。但事实上整日周旋于客户与老板之间几乎透支了他的全部的精力，与妻子之间也是日渐冷谈，一天说不上几句话，能说上见面的却是妻子每日准备的爱心早餐。一场临时被否决的提案让张志的生活脱离原有的轨道，一向受倚重却被老板骂的狗血淋头，温柔的妻子也开始不听话了，女同事的眼神却开始越来越热烈\n。\n早餐演职员表 \n早餐演员表\n \n \n贾媛媛 饰 妻子\n公司销售总监\n吴松灿 饰 张志\n张志的妻子\n王雷 饰 王总\n公司老板\n \n \n王可欣 饰 女同事\n张志的同事\n \n \n李树生 饰 张总\n李艾 饰 出演\n早餐职员表\n制作人\n李悦\n监制\n王雷、许思源、果晓丹\n导演\n邓科\n编剧\n王雷\n摄影\n赵剑桥、周威、李鹏、杨天威\n剪辑\n塔拉\n美术设计\n赵剑桥\n造型设计\n孟欢\n录音\n高海东\n场记\n柯哲娴、王琦\n \n早餐角色介绍 \n \n张志\n演员\n吴松灿\n公司销售总监。在事业上坚持理想且很有魄力，获得上司赞许。但由于工作原因，在作息时间上和妻子有很大不同，夫妻二人之间的沟通和了解渐渐减少，感情开始变得淡漠。\n \n于洋\n演员\n贾媛媛\n小学语文教师，张志的妻子，纯情温婉。贤惠的她每天如一地给丈夫做爱心早餐、留爱心便利贴，以不变应万变，用温柔化解升华了濒临冻结的爱情。\n \n王总\n演员\n王雷\n公司老板。他非常欣赏张志的工作能力并一直倚重他，但由于一场提案却把张志骂得狗血淋头。\n \n女同事\n演员\n王可欣\n张志的女同事。被一表人才有魄力的张志所吸引，不仅看向他的眼神越来越热烈，还在一次醉酒中险些出轨。\n \n早餐幕后花絮\n\n请问2012年上映的微电影《早餐》是由哪家公司出品的？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！2012年上映的微电影《早餐》是由万合天宜影视文化有限公司和科宝厨柜联合出品的。", + "output": "2012年上映的微电影《早餐》是由万合天宜影视文化有限公司和科宝厨柜联合出品的。", "history": [] }, { @@ -429723,7 +429723,7 @@ "history": [ [ "锚定\n锚定是一个汉语词汇，读音为máo dìng，英文是spud，含义是用锚定桩（如将臂式起重机或挖泥机）锚住或稳定住。\n中文名\n锚定\n拼 音\nmáo dìng\n别 名\n锚\n用 途\n是行为经济学范畴术语\n \n锚定概念 \n锚定或称锚，是行为经济学范畴术语，指人们趋向于把对将来的估计和过去已有的估计相联系。例如：人们在遇到一个产品时，所接受的第一眼看到的价格。证券分析师总是习惯于\"锚定\"自己的思维,他们喜欢提出一个投资建议,然后就停留在那儿,而不顾不利于这样做的新证据的存在,因为他们过于相信自己对于盈利的估计。\n锚定心理学定义 \n指对某一主题不相关的信息对该人的信念及判断产生影响，即心理污染的一个范畴。例如：人们在对某一事物进行估算（估计）时，常会由于外界原因锚定一个参考起点，并在此基础上随意的开始移动，直到找到他们想要的答案为止。这也是所谓的“锚定与调整”现象。\n锚定生物学定位 \n生物学上把一些细胞表面分子固定在细胞膜上也称为锚定。\n\n请问你对锚定这个概念了解吗？", - "你好Human！我对锚定概念有所了解。锚定，又称为锚，是行为经济学范畴的术语，指人们趋向于把对将来的估计和过去已有的估计相联系。它体现在人们在面对一个产品时，所接受的第一眼看到的价格，或者证券分析师在提出投资建议后，停留在该建议而不顾抵触该建议的新证据的存在。锚定心理学定义为对某一主题不相关的信息对该人的信念及判断产生影响，即心理污染的一个范畴。在生物学领域，锚定也用于描述将细胞表面分子固定在细胞膜上的过程。" + "我对锚定概念有所了解。锚定，又称为锚，是行为经济学范畴的术语，指人们趋向于把对将来的估计和过去已有的估计相联系。它体现在人们在面对一个产品时，所接受的第一眼看到的价格，或者证券分析师在提出投资建议后，停留在该建议而不顾抵触该建议的新证据的存在。锚定心理学定义为对某一主题不相关的信息对该人的信念及判断产生影响，即心理污染的一个范畴。在生物学领域，锚定也用于描述将细胞表面分子固定在细胞膜上的过程。" ], [ "请举一个日常生活中经常出现的锚定效应的例子。", @@ -430077,7 +430077,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小麦啤酒\n小麦啤酒--以小麦芽为主要原料（占总原料40%以上），采用上面发酵法或下面发酵法酿制的啤酒。“小麦啤酒”是啤酒型式（Style）和种类中极具特色和魅力的产品，主要产地集中在德国南部，奥地利和比利时，采用“上层发酵法”（Top Fermentation），原料为大麦麦芽和50%以上的小麦麦芽，啤酒花，酵母和水。\"小麦啤酒”还有另外一个名称叫“白啤酒”，取自德文的Weissbier，英文则称为White Beer。“白啤酒”最知名的代表为产自柏林地区的“柏林人白啤酒”（Berliner Weissbier）。\n中文名\n小麦啤酒\n主要原料\n小麦芽\n起 源\n巴比伦的远古时代\n主要产地\n德国南部\n \n小麦啤酒历史由来 \n早在巴比伦的远古时代，已经有人将小麦当成啤酒的原料来使用，但是后人并不知道古代的德国人如何将小麦制造成啤酒，但Weizenbier这个名称被保留下来。十五世纪前半，德国一个地位较高的贵族Degenbengers开始制造这种似乎失传已久的Weizenbier，使得Weizenbier又受到宫廷贵族的喜爱和赏识，但因为制造技术和小麦种植的权利，一直掌控在贵族手中，平民百姓没有机会接获到“小麦啤酒”，也使得“小麦啤酒”在很长的一段时间里，成为神秘的传说。\n小麦啤酒制造技术 \n“法国大革命”以后，欧洲许多贵族失去权势地位和金钱，原本为贵族工作，制造啤酒的技术工人流落到民间，“小麦啤酒”的制造技术才逐渐普及到平民阶层，在德国南部的巴伐利亚地区，“小麦啤酒”成为非常受欢迎的时髦产品，酿酒厂生意兴隆，日夜赶工，都来不及制造。有些酿酒厂甚至在厂内设置教堂，以方便酒厂工人做礼拜的需要，不必匆匆忙忙赶上班。可见“小麦啤酒”在当时的巴伐利亚盛行和受欢迎的景象。\n小麦啤酒酿造工艺\n\n你好，请问小麦啤酒都有哪些主要原料？", - "你好，Human！小麦啤酒的主要原料有四种：小麦麦芽、大麦麦芽、啤酒花和水。小麦麦芽是其中最关键的原料，通常占总原料的40%以上。其特点是在酿制过程中，采用上面发酵法或下面发酵法，使这种啤酒呈现出独特的口感和风味。" + "小麦啤酒的主要原料有四种：小麦麦芽、大麦麦芽、啤酒花和水。小麦麦芽是其中最关键的原料，通常占总原料的40%以上。其特点是在酿制过程中，采用上面发酵法或下面发酵法，使这种啤酒呈现出独特的口感和风味。" ], [ "这种啤酒主要产于哪个地方？", @@ -430476,7 +430476,7 @@ "history": [ [ "混音师\n混音师是一种对音乐进行改编、混音、再创新的职业。混音师利用电脑与合成器，通过改变音乐的组成要素，例如改变音乐的音高、速度、曲调长度等方式，对音乐进行二次编辑。\n中文名\n混音师\n外文名\nThe sound mixer\n相关工作\n音响调音师、录音师\n使用工具\n电脑及混音软件\n \n混音师定义 \n混音（英语：Audio Mixing）是音乐制作中的一个步骤，是把多种来源的声音，整合至一个立体音轨（Stereo）或单音音轨（Mono）中。这些原始声音信号，来源可能分别来自不同的乐器、人声或管弦乐，收录自现场演奏（live）或录音室内。在混音的过程中，混音师会将每一个别原始信号的频率、动态、音质、定位、残响和声场单独进行调整，让各音轨最佳化，之后再叠加于最终成品上。这种处理方式，能制作出一般听众在现场录音时不能听到之层次分明的效果。\n混音师设备 \n过去用来混音的常见设备，主要是合成器（Sound Module）、音效处理器（Signal Processor）与混音座（Mixing Console）；随着电脑科技进步，也开始流行以音乐制作软件混音，仅需使用一台电脑及混音软件，便可完成复杂的混音作业。\n混音师技术 \n重混（英语：Remix）[1]是种音乐技术，应用于歌曲的原来版本，经过重新混音，形成另一种版本。混音师会利用电脑与合成器，创作一首歌主要编曲的另一个版本，增加或减除一些音符，或单纯改变等化器、强弱、音高、速度、曲调长度、以及其他各方面构成音乐的要素，目的是想令歌曲给人们有一个新鲜的感觉。\n混音师工作内容 \n音响调音师、混音师、录音师，同属此相关工作。从事的工作主要包括：⑴根据建声环境特点及使用要求，设计配置一般规律的音响系统，组织设备的安装与调试等工作都是由劳动和社会保障部颁发职业证书，方可从事相关专业的工作；⑵综合运用和操作音响系统，进行语言及音乐节目的调音；⑶操作音频测试仪器，对音响设备和系统进行测试和调校；⑷排除一般性故障。\n\n请问混音师是做什么工作的？", - "你好，Human！混音师是一种对音乐进行改编、混音、再创新的职业。他们利用电脑与合成器，通过改变音乐的组成要素，例如音高、速度、曲调长度等，对音乐进行二次编辑。在音乐制作过程中，混音师会将每个原始声音信号的频率、动态、音质、定位、残响和声场进行调整，让各音轨最佳化，之后再叠加于最终成品上。这样可以制作出层次分明的效果，让听众感受到与现场录音不同的音乐体验。" + "混音师是一种对音乐进行改编、混音、再创新的职业。他们利用电脑与合成器，通过改变音乐的组成要素，例如音高、速度、曲调长度等，对音乐进行二次编辑。在音乐制作过程中，混音师会将每个原始声音信号的频率、动态、音质、定位、残响和声场进行调整，让各音轨最佳化，之后再叠加于最终成品上。这样可以制作出层次分明的效果，让听众感受到与现场录音不同的音乐体验。" ], [ "混音师使用什么设备进行工作呢？", @@ -430608,7 +430608,7 @@ "history": [ [ "广东省中西医结合医院广东省中西医结合医院\n广东省中西医结合医院位于广东省佛山市南海区桂城南五路16号，占地面积56165平方米，建筑面积143605平方米，始建于1993年，是佛山市医保定点单位。\n医院名称\n广东省中西医结合医院\n医院等级\n三级\n医院地址\n佛山市南海区桂城南五路16号\n医院类别\n中西医结合医院\n成立时间\n1993年\n医保定点\n是\n主管部门\n佛山南海区卫生和人口计划生育局\n诊疗科目\n预防保健科/内科；呼吸内科专业\n医院院长\n谢兵\n \n广东省中西医结合医院领导团队 \n姓名：谢兵职务与职称：院长、党委副书记。\n广东省中西医结合医院科室设置 \n医院设有大内科、大外科、妇科、儿科骨科、康复与治未病中心、肛肠科、口腔科、眼科手足外科、急诊科、检验科等科室。其中，肺病科是国家临床重点专科建设单位，康复、肺病、脾胃科为国家中医药管理局重点专科（建设、培育专科），康复、肺病、脾胃、妇科、骨科、肿瘤、肾病、脑病为省级重点专科（建设专科)。\n广东省中西医结合医院医院环境 \n广东省中西医结合医院医生介绍 \n姓名：戴培胜\n职务与职称：主任医师、心血管内科主任。\n诊治范围：冠心病、心律失常、心功能不全等危重心血管疾病。姓名：戴红芳\n职务与职称：主任医师、营养科主任。\n诊治范围：为各类疾病患者（特别是慢性肾病、肿瘤、危重症、外科手术前后、营养不良等）、特殊人群（如婴幼儿、孕妇、老年人）提供针对性地中、西医营养治疗。姓名：唐奇志\n职务与职称：主任医师、教授。\n诊治范围：糖尿病内分泌代谢性疾病及内科疑难杂症。姓名：李剑\n职务与职称：主任医师、教授、肛肠科主任。\n诊治范围：髋膝关节骨折、骨关节炎、关节镜微创手术治疗膝关节、肩关节损伤等。姓名：宋会江\n职务与职称：骨外科主任医师。\n诊治范围：显微创伤外科、断肢/指再植术、手指再造术、皮瓣移植术、周围神经及血管疾病诊治、手部功能重建术、手足畸形矫正术、四肢创伤显微外科修复术等。\n广东省中西医结合医院医疗设施 \n医院开放床位900张。\n广东省中西医结合医院医院地址 \n广东省佛山市南海区桂城南五路16号。\n广东省中西医结合医院\n\n请问广东省中西医结合医院是几级医院？", - "你好，Human！广东省中西医结合医院是一所三级医院。三级医院是指具备较高级别综合性诊疗能力、开展临床、科研、教学功能并达到相关标准的医疗单位。这所医院在多个领域都具有较强的实力和专业水平，能够为患者提供高质量的医疗服务。" + "广东省中西医结合医院是一所三级医院。三级医院是指具备较高级别综合性诊疗能力、开展临床、科研、教学功能并达到相关标准的医疗单位。这所医院在多个领域都具有较强的实力和专业水平，能够为患者提供高质量的医疗服务。" ], [ "了解了，谢谢。那这所医院的地址在哪里？", @@ -430719,7 +430719,7 @@ "history": [ [ "冬天的早晨亚历山大·谢尔盖耶维奇·普希金创作诗歌\n《冬天的早晨》是俄国诗人亚历山大·谢尔盖耶维奇·普希金于1829年创作的诗歌。普希金在该诗中描写的是冬天的早晨，体现了诗人愉悦的心情。白雪红日，蓝天绿树，还有森林与小河，这扑面而来的冬景，让诗人满腹欣喜。自然的美景打动了诗人的心灵，诗人急不可耐地套上马拉雪橇，要向远方飞驰。这表现了诗人对美好生活的热爱。\n作品名称\n冬天的早晨\n作 者\n亚历山大·谢尔盖耶维奇·普希金\n创作年代\n1829年\n作品体裁\n诗歌\n外文原名\nЗИМНЕЕ УТРО\n \n冬天的早晨作品原文\n\n请问亚历山大·谢尔盖耶维奇·普希金的诗歌《冬天的早晨》是在哪一年创作的？", - "你好，Human。亚历山大·谢尔盖耶维奇·普希金的诗歌《冬天的早晨》是在1829年创作的。这首诗描绘了冬天的早晨美景，体现了诗人对美好生活的热爱。因为这是一个已经过去的时间节点，现在已经过了很久了，但这并不影响这首诗歌继续被人们传颂。" + "亚历山大·谢尔盖耶维奇·普希金的诗歌《冬天的早晨》是在1829年创作的。这首诗描绘了冬天的早晨美景，体现了诗人对美好生活的热爱。因为这是一个已经过去的时间节点，现在已经过了很久了，但这并不影响这首诗歌继续被人们传颂。" ], [ "这首诗的主题是什么？", @@ -430976,7 +430976,7 @@ "history": [ [ "双星情歌\n《双星情歌》是歌手陈百强演唱歌曲,收录于专辑《Love In L.A》。\n中文名\n双星情歌\n所属专辑\nLove In L.A\n歌曲时长\n04分17秒\n歌曲原唱\n陈百强\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 歌曲歌词双星情歌 - 陈百强 (Danny Chan)词：Sam Hui曲：Sam Hui曳摇共对轻舟飘互传誓约庆春晓两心相邀 影相照愿化海鸥轻唱悦情调艳阳下与妹相亲望谐白首永不分美景醉人 心相允绿柳花间相对订缘份心两牵万里阻隔相思爱莫变离别凄酸今朝似未见明日对花忆卿面泪残梦了 烛影深月明独照冷鸳枕醉拥孤衾 悲不禁夜半饮泣空帐独怀憾心两牵万里阻隔相思爱莫变离别凄酸今朝似未见明日对花忆卿面泪残梦了 烛影深月明独照冷鸳枕醉拥孤衾 悲不禁夜半饮泣空帐独怀憾夜半饮泣空帐独怀憾夜半饮泣空帐独怀憾\n\n请问你能告诉我关于歌曲《双星情歌》的基本信息吗？", - "你好Human！当然可以。《双星情歌》是歌手陈百强演唱的歌曲，该歌曲收录于专辑《Love In L.A》。这首歌的歌词作者和曲作者都是Sam Hui，歌曲时长为04分17秒。希望这些信息对你有帮助。" + "当然可以。《双星情歌》是歌手陈百强演唱的歌曲，该歌曲收录于专辑《Love In L.A》。这首歌的歌词作者和曲作者都是Sam Hui，歌曲时长为04分17秒。希望这些信息对你有帮助。" ], [ "请告诉我这首歌的歌词。", @@ -431266,7 +431266,7 @@ "history": [ [ "物理化学\n《物理化学》是1994年科学出版社出版的图书，作者是国家自然科学基金委员会。\n书 名\n物理化学\n作 者\n国家自然科学基金委员会\n出版社\n科学出版社\n出版时间\n1994年7月\nISBN\n7030043944\n \n物理化学内容简介 \n本书分为：物理化学发展的特点、趋势和前沿，物理化学主要分支学科发展状况，我国物理化学研究概况及发展战略的建议等4部分。\n物理化学图书目录 \n《自然科学学科发展战略调研报告》序前言目录摘要1 物理化学学科的战略地位2 物理化学发展的特点、趋势和前沿3 物理化学主要分支学科发展状况4 我国物理化学研究概况及发展战略的建议附录参考文献\n\n请问《物理化学》这本书是何时出版的？", - "你好Human！《物理化学》这本书是在1994年7月出版的。如果你对这本书有其他问题，欢迎继续提问。" + "《物理化学》这本书是在1994年7月出版的。如果你对这本书有其他问题，欢迎继续提问。" ], [ "有关《物理化学》这本书的作者是谁？", @@ -431671,7 +431671,7 @@ "history": [ [ "恨天高\n恨天高：是山茶科植物，常绿灌木。植株矮小，树干平滑无毛。叶卵形或椭圆形，边缘有细锯齿，革质，表面亮绿色。花单生成对生于叶腋或枝顶，花瓣近于圆形，植株形姿优美，叶浓绿而光泽，花形艳丽缤纷。叶宽椭圆形，质脆而薄，花深桃红色，瓣边具白晕，径9-11厘米，花瓣40-45片，雄蕊瓣化，为扁平状，花期2月下旬至4月上旬。“谁道体短恨天高，叶绿花艳总妖烧”。恨天高，又名汉红菊瓣，云南茶花珍品，是云南山茶中惟一矮化的品种，因植株矮小、生长极为缓慢而得此名。由于生缓慢较难培育。为云南山茶花中最珍贵的品种。具有很高的观赏价值。\n \n恨天高形态特征 \n \n恨天高(4张)\n 恨天高是茶花的一个品种。植株矮小，叶宽椭圆形至椭圆状卵圆形，先端短尖，基部钝圆至宽楔形。叶宽大，易辨认。质脆而薄，为革质，羽状脉，有锯齿，叶片光亮平展，具柄，少数抱茎叶近无柄。花两性，顶生或腋生，单花或2-3朵并生，有短柄；苞片2-6片，或更多；萼片5-6，分离或基部连生，有时更多，苞片与萼片有时逐渐转变，组成苞被，从6片多至15片，脱落或宿存。花深桃红色，瓣边具白晕，径9-11厘米，花瓣40-45片，7-8轮着生，花瓣从外向内逐渐变小，雄蕊瓣化，多数变为狭长小花瓣，保留一部分退化雄蕊与内轮花瓣合生。雌蕊退化为扁平状。子房上位，3-5室，花柱5-3条或5-3裂；每室有胚珠数个。果为蒴果，5-3爿自上部裂开，少数从下部裂开，果爿木质或栓质；中轴存在，或因2室不育而无中轴；种子圆球形或半圆形，种皮角质，胚乳丰富。由于生缓慢较难培育。花期2月下旬至4月上旬。\n恨天高尽管恨天高生长缓慢，多年生长的枝条总在“盈尺之间”；然而，盛开的恨天高却花型优雅，花瓣重叠，雍容华贵，美伦美焕，其迷人的风姿和天生的丽质，使得爱花者钟情有加，恋美无限。\n恨天高生长习性 \n该品种惧风喜阳、应栽种于空气流通、温暖湿润、排水良好、疏松肥沃的砂质壤土，黄土或腐殖土。pH5.5-6.5最佳。适温在20-32 ℃之间，29℃以上时停止生长，35 ℃时叶子会有焦灼现象，要求有一定温差。环境湿度70%以上，可耐-8 ℃低温（自然越冬，云茶稍不耐寒），在淮河以南地区一般可自然越冬喜酸性土壤，并要求较好的透气性。以利根毛发育，通常可用泥炭，腐锯木，红土，腐植土，或以上的混合基质栽培。茶花春秋冬三季可不遮阴，夏天可用50%遮光处理。\n恨天高地理分布\n\n请问恨天高是什么植物？", - "你好，Human！恨天高是山茶科的一种常绿灌木植物，它是云南山茶的珍品之一。植株矮小，叶卵形或椭圆形，边缘有细锯齿。花单生成对生于叶腋或枝顶，花瓣近于圆形，花形艳丽缤纷。恨天高因植株矮小和生长缓慢而得名。虽然生长缓慢，但具有很高的观赏价值。具体的形态特征和生长习性在以上信息中有详细介绍。" + "恨天高是山茶科的一种常绿灌木植物，它是云南山茶的珍品之一。植株矮小，叶卵形或椭圆形，边缘有细锯齿。花单生成对生于叶腋或枝顶，花瓣近于圆形，花形艳丽缤纷。恨天高因植株矮小和生长缓慢而得名。虽然生长缓慢，但具有很高的观赏价值。具体的形态特征和生长习性在以上信息中有详细介绍。" ], [ "恨天高的花期是什么时候？", @@ -431996,7 +431996,7 @@ "history": [ [ "主观题\n所谓主观题，是指那些能更好地考查学生具体情况或个性的试题。通过这类试题的考试，可以全面了解学生对某门课程的某个具体部分理解和掌握的程度，可以测试学生精确地回忆所学内容，灵活地组织材料，清楚地表达问题，深刻地了解问题实质的能力。因此，主观题是现代考试中的一类最基本的题型，各科考试都有此类试题。\n中文名\n主观题\n外文名\nSubjectiveTests\n应用学科\n心理学\n应用范围\n教育心理学\n \n主观题含义 \n主观题要求学生自己组织材料，并采用合适的方式表达陈述出来。教师在评分时，对学生的回答需要给出不同量的分值，而不仅仅是满分或零分，包括论述题、论文题、材料分析题等\n。\n主观题区别 \n主观题由于是“发挥性题目”，往往带有主观性，多数没有唯一标准答案，即它们可以以人的主观意志为转移，如文科的问答辨析题，没有标准答案，能说的有理有据就行。与主观题相对的客观题则是答案唯一，求解过程符合客观规律，如算数题1+1=2。\n主观题答题技巧 \n主观试题不仅能更好地要求你回忆所学的内容，还要求你组织某些材料，有时只需简短地解释回答某些问题，有时则要详尽地讨论和简述某个问题。这类考题常被称为“发挥性题目”，使考生有机会表现自己准备的程度和对某项知识理解的深度和广度，同时老师也能在评卷时做出更多独立的思考和判断，因此这类考题是没有什么严格规定的统一答案的\n\n请问主观题是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！主观题是一种考试题型，主要用于考查学生对某个课程或具体部分的理解和掌握程度。它要求学生自己组织材料，并采用合适的方式表达陈述出来。评分时，教师会根据学生的回答给出不同的分值，而不仅仅是满分或零分。主观题包括论述题、论文题、材料分析题等。通过主观题考试，可以测试学生精确地回忆所学内容，灵活地组织材料，清楚地表达问题，深刻地了解问题实质的能力。" + "主观题是一种考试题型，主要用于考查学生对某个课程或具体部分的理解和掌握程度。它要求学生自己组织材料，并采用合适的方式表达陈述出来。评分时，教师会根据学生的回答给出不同的分值，而不仅仅是满分或零分。主观题包括论述题、论文题、材料分析题等。通过主观题考试，可以测试学生精确地回忆所学内容，灵活地组织材料，清楚地表达问题，深刻地了解问题实质的能力。" ], [ "主观题和客观题有什么区别？", @@ -432120,7 +432120,7 @@ "history": [ [ "江西省烟草专卖局江西省人民政府工作部门\n江西省烟草专卖局（公司）组建于1984年1月，实行统一领导、垂直管理、专卖专营的管理体制。主要担负烟草专卖管理，烟叶、卷烟生产经营。分设后，江西省烟草专卖局（公司）仍实行“一套机构、两块牌子”，领导和管理所属烟草专卖局（分公司）。主要负责组织烟叶生产经营，卷烟销售及网络建设，专卖管理及执法监督。\n中文名\n江西省烟草专卖局\n组建时间\n1984年1月\n职 责\n烟叶、卷烟生产经营\n实现税利\n20亿元\n \n同义词\n江西烟草（江西烟草）一般指江西省烟草专卖局\n \n江西省烟草专卖局下属机构 \n分设后，江西省烟草专卖局（公司）仍实行“一套机构、两块牌子”，领导和管理所属烟草专卖局（分公司）。主要负责组织烟叶生产经营，卷烟销售及网络建设，专卖管理及执法监督。江西省烟草专卖局（公司）现有办公室（外事办公室）、综合计划处（经济运行处）、安全保卫处、专卖监督管理处（稽查总队）、法规处、财务管理处、审计处、科技处（信息中心）、人事劳资处（思想政治工作处、离退休办公室）、监察处、机关党委、卷烟销售分公司、烟叶生产购销分公司、机关服务中心、省烟草质量监督检测站、省烟草职工教育培训中心、烟草学会等部门，所属南昌、九江、上饶、抚州、赣州、吉安、宜春、景德镇、新余、鹰潭、萍乡11个市局（分公司）、驻南昌铁路烟草专卖局和中烟井冈山传统教育基地。2005年底，全省烟草专卖局（公司）系统共有95个县级烟草专卖局、93个县级营销中心（营销部），共有职工9394人（其中聘用人员4971人），离退休干部职工1216 人。\n江西省烟草专卖局发展历史\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我江西省烟草专卖局是在什么时候成立的吗？", - "你好，Human。江西省烟草专卖局（公司）成立于1984年1月。" + "江西省烟草专卖局（公司）成立于1984年1月。" ], [ "江西省烟草专卖局的主要职责是什么？", @@ -432185,7 +432185,7 @@ "history": [ [ "线上赚钱\n《线上赚钱》是2020年由中信出版社出版的书籍，作者是前世界500强企业销售总监、公众号“薇安说”创始人薇安。\n书 名\n线上赚钱\n作 者\n薇安\n出版社\n中信出版社\n出版时间\n2020年9月\n页 数\n256 页\n定 价\n58 元\nISBN\n9787521719949\n \n线上赚钱内容简介 \n本书介绍了如何从零开始突破销售变现的九大技能，包括思维升级、渠道增长、精力管理、朋友圈打造、产品策划、精准涨粉、批量成交、销售技能以及个人品牌打造。线上销售是人人都能开始，零成本启动的“轻创业”。只要你想，拿起手机即可开始变现，使用唾手可得的社交工具开始自己的事业，在自家客厅就能开展业务，帮助你让业余时间每分每秒都创造财富。\n线上赚钱图书目录\n\n你好，请问《线上赚钱》这本书是什么内容的呢？", - "你好，Human，《线上赚钱》这本书是关于线上销售的书籍。它主要介绍了如何从零开始突破销售变现的九大技能，包括思维升级、渠道增长、精力管理、朋友圈打造、产品策划、精准涨粉、批量成交、销售技能以及个人品牌打造。该书传授了通过线上销售实现财富增长的方法，帮助读者利用业余时间以零成本启动的方式创造财富。这本书是很适合那些想要学习线上销售技巧的人阅读的。" + "《线上赚钱》这本书是关于线上销售的书籍。它主要介绍了如何从零开始突破销售变现的九大技能，包括思维升级、渠道增长、精力管理、朋友圈打造、产品策划、精准涨粉、批量成交、销售技能以及个人品牌打造。该书传授了通过线上销售实现财富增长的方法，帮助读者利用业余时间以零成本启动的方式创造财富。这本书是很适合那些想要学习线上销售技巧的人阅读的。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。这本书的作者是谁呢？他/她的背景如何？", @@ -432652,7 +432652,7 @@ "history": [ [ "摇滚浮士德中文版音乐剧\n音乐剧《摇滚浮士德》是由大麦MaiLive旗下“当然有戏”戏剧厂牌首部自制的中文版音乐剧。该剧由大麦“当然有戏”联合上海兰境文化引进，集合导演王婷婷、音乐总监魏诗泉、编舞刘艾等多位中文音乐剧资深主创和刘令飞、冒海飞、张泽、叶麒圣、贾凡、王敏辉、徐丽东、崔恩尔等多位优秀的音乐剧演员，在原版的基础上对剧目进行全面升级。\n2022年，《摇滚浮士德》音乐剧于2月23日-3月1日在上海大剧院再次上演，这也是这部音乐剧的年度封箱轮，音乐剧演员宗俊涛作为新卡司全新加盟，饰演约翰·浮士德。\n中文名\n摇滚浮士德\n首演时间\n2021年5月24日\n类 型\n音乐剧\n导 演\n王婷婷\n主 演\n刘令飞\n、冒海飞\n、贾凡\n、王敏辉\n、张泽\n、叶麒圣\n出品公司\n大麦当然有戏\n末场日期\n2022年3月1日\n \n摇滚浮士德剧情简介： \n“当然有戏”联合上海兰境文化将这部音乐剧引进中国，并集结了导演王婷婷、音乐总监魏诗泉、编舞刘艾等多位中文音乐剧资深主创和刘令飞、叶麒圣、贾凡、王敏辉、冒海飞、张泽、徐丽东、崔恩尔等优秀音乐剧演员，在原版的基础上对剧目进行全面升级。\n音乐剧《摇滚浮士德》以象征希望的X-光明与象征堕落的X-黑暗争执为开篇，他们对人性本身的善与恶意见相悖。于是，他们决定以身为人类的约翰·浮士德为赌注，进行一场赌局。浮士德本是前途一片光明的股票经纪人，与恋人格雷琴对美好未来充满期待。然而一场金融风暴的到来改变了一切。浮士德的人生就此跌入谷底，却让X-黑暗了可趁之机。他许诺帮浮士德重获名望与财富，也借此将他推向黑暗。与此同时，X-光明找到了格雷琴，通过向她提供帮助，来劝阻越陷越深的约翰。四人就此展开了一场善与恶的角逐······\n摇滚浮士德创作背景\n\n请问音乐剧《摇滚浮士德》是什么时候首演的？", - "你好，Human！音乐剧《摇滚浮士德》的首演时间是2021年5月24日。这部音乐剧由大麦MaiLive旗下“当然有戏”戏剧厂牌自制，是他们推出的首部中文版音乐剧。" + "音乐剧《摇滚浮士德》的首演时间是2021年5月24日。这部音乐剧由大麦MaiLive旗下“当然有戏”戏剧厂牌自制，是他们推出的首部中文版音乐剧。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么这部音乐剧的导演和主演有哪些？", @@ -432698,7 +432698,7 @@ "history": [ [ "配货\n配货是指将拣取分类完成的货品经过配货检查，装入容器和做好标识，再运到发货准备区，待装车后发送。\n中文名\n配货\n定义简介\n拣取检验装车发送\n方 法\n配货作业基本上采用机械化设备\n \n配货定义简介 \n配货作业是指把拣取分类完成的货品经过配货检验过程后，装入容器和做好标示，再运到配货准备区，等待装车后发运。\n配货方法 \n配货作业基本上采用机械化设备，主要采用两种方法：第一种 播种方式。即将需要配送数量较多的同种商品集中搬运到发货场所，然后将每一货物所需的数量取出，分放到每货位处，直至配货完毕，然后再将下一种商品按上述方法。第二种 摘果方式。即搬运车往返于保管场所，从某个货位上取下某种商品巡回完毕后就完成了配货，接着再对下一个配货。前者适合于品种少的快递配货，后者适合于品种多的物流配货。发货是配送中心的最后一道环节。\n配货职位 \n经专业网店人才招聘网马伯乐分析统计，在20条关于配货员的职位要求中，对各项素质的要求出现情况如下：耐心细致，吃苦耐劳，认真负责，诚恳踏实。\n配货工作环境 \n配货员的工作场所是仓库，一般比较凌乱，部分大的企业仓库会比较整齐。配货的工作是比较枯燥繁琐的，而且需求很细心，能吃苦，不怕脏，能坚持。咟喥咟萪\n\n你好，请问什么是配货？", - "你好，Human！配货是指把拣取分类完成的货品经过配货检验过程后，装入容器并做好标识，然后运到配货准备区，等待装车后发运。这是一个将不同货物整理、检验、打包、贴标签，并为最终发货做好准备的过程。" + "配货是指把拣取分类完成的货品经过配货检验过程后，装入容器并做好标识，然后运到配货准备区，等待装车后发运。这是一个将不同货物整理、检验、打包、贴标签，并为最终发货做好准备的过程。" ], [ "配货作业有哪些方法？", @@ -433735,7 +433735,7 @@ "history": [ [ "超滤对物质进行选择性分离的技术\n超滤是以压力为推动力的膜分离技术之一。以大分子与小分子分离为目的，膜孔径在20－1000A°之间。中空纤维超滤器（膜）具有单位容器内充填密度高，占地面积小等优点。\n \n超滤基本信息 \n超滤概述\n在超滤过程中，水溶液在压力推动下，流经膜表面，小于膜孔的溶剂（水）及小分子溶质透水膜，成为净化液（滤清液），比膜孔大的溶质及溶质集团被截留，随水流排出，成为浓缩液。超滤过程为动态过滤，分离是在流动状态下完成的。溶质仅在膜表面有限沉积，超滤速率衰减到一定程度而趋于平衡，且通过清洗可以恢复。超滤是一种加压膜分离技术，即在一定的压力下，使小分子溶质和溶剂穿过一定孔径的特制的薄膜，而使大分子溶质不能透过，留在膜的一边，从而使大分子物质得到了部分的纯化。超滤是以压力为推动力的膜分离技术之一。以大分子与小分子分离为目的\n。超滤起源于是1748年，Schmidt用棉花胶膜或璐膜分滤溶液，当施加一定压力时，溶液（水）透过膜，而蛋白质、胶体等物质则被截留下来，其过滤精度远远超过滤纸，于是他提出超滤一语，1896年，Martin制出了第一张人工超滤膜，其20世纪60年代，分子量级概念的提出，是现代超滤的开始，70年代和80年代是高速发展期，90年代以后开始趋于成熟。我国对该项技术研究较晚，70年代尚处于研究期限，80年代末，才进入工业化生产和应用阶段。超滤装置如同反渗透装置，有板式、管式（内压列管式和外压管束式）、卷式、中空纤维式等形式。浓差极化乃是膜分离过程的自然现象，如何将此现象减轻到最低程度，是超滤技术的重要课题之一。采取的措施有：①提高膜面水流速度，以减小边界层厚度，并使被截留的溶质及时由水带走；②采取物理或化学的洗涤措施。\n超滤定义\n超滤是采用中空纤维过滤新技术，配合三级预处理过滤清除自来水中杂质；超滤微孔小于0.01微米，能彻底滤除水中的细菌、铁锈、胶体等有害物质，保留水中原有的微量元素和矿物质。\n超滤原理\n\n你好，请问超滤是什么技术？", - "你好，Human！超滤是一种以压力为推动力的膜分离技术，主要目的是用来将大分子与小分子进行分离。膜孔径在20－1000A°之间。在超滤过程中，水溶液在压力推动下流经膜表面，小于膜孔的溶剂（水）及小分子溶质透过膜，成为净化液（滤清液），而比膜孔大的溶质及溶质集团被截留，随水流排出，成为浓缩液。超滤的过程是动态过滤，分离是在流动状态下完成的。" + "超滤是一种以压力为推动力的膜分离技术，主要目的是用来将大分子与小分子进行分离。膜孔径在20－1000A°之间。在超滤过程中，水溶液在压力推动下流经膜表面，小于膜孔的溶剂（水）及小分子溶质透过膜，成为净化液（滤清液），而比膜孔大的溶质及溶质集团被截留，随水流排出，成为浓缩液。超滤的过程是动态过滤，分离是在流动状态下完成的。" ], [ "了解了，那么超滤技术的起源和发展是怎样的？", @@ -434372,7 +434372,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大艺术家VOCALOID中文曲\n《大艺术家》 是中文VOCALOID著名制作人ilem的第21首投稿作品（原创相声）\n，由VOCALOID制作，洛天依/言和\n演唱，在2015年06月08日 21:44发布于中文弹幕视频网站bilibili。\n本曲在2016年1月1日达到614,800的点击量 ，截止2016年2月27日达到716,500的点击量，为中文VOCALOID殿堂曲。\n本作堪称VOCALOID神调教，完美将语言艺术、音乐以及口技演奏串联在一起，其中言和高音和言和的二胡更是震惊四座，颇受观众喜爱。本作的成功为作者创作更优秀的作品——《大宅学家》打下了坚实的基础。\n中文名\n大艺术家\n所属专辑\nVOCALOID·UTAU\n歌曲时长\n0时03分43秒\n歌曲原唱\n洛天依\n、言和\n填 词\nilem\n编 曲\nilem\n发行时间\n2015-06-08\nMV/曲绘\nilem/圣狱戏梦\n \n大艺术家视频内容 \n大艺术家简介\n1.大家好，此物蓄谋已久。2.故意没有加字幕，真听不清的话只能算在下输了。3.“画师写钓友圣狱戏梦( ·̀∀·́ )纪念我们一条鱼的合作”——原文引述如此。4.然而很多神奇的设想并没有实现，最后还是使用了PPT。5.另外除脑袋之外的部分是UP本人画的（这一部分不要栽赃我们的绘师）。6.下载……没准儿在评论区，真找不到的话再联系UP。7.这东西好难做，请鼓励UP主。8.别管封面了……（来自作者）\n大艺术家殿堂感言\n十万播放达成撒花，好快Σ(ﾟдﾟ;)考虑到这一位也是游走在“中文曲”和别的什么东西边缘上的，这里像蓝翔快书一样，也就不计入ilem的殿堂曲了吧。不过花还是要撒的ε=ε=(ノ≧∇≦)ノ（来自作者）\n大艺术家台词\n\n我想了解一下VOCALOID歌曲《大艺术家》的相关信息，比如歌曲是由哪位制作人创作的？", - "你好，Human！《大艺术家》这首歌曲是由中文VOCALOID著名制作人ilem创作的。他不仅负责了填词，还编排了整首歌曲。是ilem的第21首投稿作品，被认为是VOCALOID神调教的佳作。如果你对这位制作人或者这首歌曲有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" + "《大艺术家》这首歌曲是由中文VOCALOID著名制作人ilem创作的。他不仅负责了填词，还编排了整首歌曲。是ilem的第21首投稿作品，被认为是VOCALOID神调教的佳作。如果你对这位制作人或者这首歌曲有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "这首歌的演唱者是谁呢？", @@ -435089,7 +435089,7 @@ "history": [ [ "产品设计\n《 产品设计》是2009年5月1日机械工业出版社出版的图书，作者是刘永翔。\n书 名\n产品设计\n作 者\n刘永翔\n类 别\n教材\n出版社\n机械工业出版社\n出版时间\n2009年5月1日\n页 数\n188 页\n定 价\n49.80\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787111268208\n丛书名\n全国高职高专艺术设计类专\n版 次\n2\n \n产品设计内容简介 \n本书为北京市高等教育精品立项教材。全书共8章，本书安排了大量的设计练习和实践命题内容，并提供了相应的参考示例和优秀设计评析。本书内容全面、图文结合，侧重实例教学。本书主要作为高职高专工业设计、产品设计等相关专业的教材，同时也可供工业设计本科或设计类相关专业及从事设计的人员作为参考书籍。\n产品设计图书目录 \n第2版前言第1版前言第一章　概述第一节　产品设计的范畴与属性第二节　产品设计对于企业的战略意义第三节　产品设计的风格演变第四节　产品设计的行业素质要求第二章　产品设计活动组成第一节　产品开发的定位与类型第二节　产品设计的内容与实施要素第三节　产品设计与企业、科技、文化第四节　产品设计的发展趋势设计练习第三章　产品设计的一般流程与方法第一节　产品设计一般流程第二节　产品设计的一般方法第三节　产品设计创新与实例分析第四节　设计中的多种考虑第五节　产品的商品化策略与设计推广第六节　产品开发中设计与知识产权设计练习第四章　产品设计中的语意传达第一节　产品功能实现与人机界面设计第二节　产品语意传达的方法第三节　产品形态构成的心理特征第四节　产品色彩设计设计练习第五章　产品设计的工程实现第一节　常见产品造型材料与加工工艺第二节　产品造型中的典型结构问题第三节　现代制造技术在产品设计中的应用设计练习第六章　产品设计案例分析第一节　样式改良产品设计分析第二节　方式创新产品设计分析第三节　概念创造产品设计分析第四节　企业的产品设计与开发第七章　优秀产品鉴赏与设计评析第一节　五金工具类产品第二节　消费电子类产品第三节　时尚器具第四节　风格家具第五节　交通工具第六节　行业专用设备第八章　产品设计实践第一节　命题（一）——公交候车亭设计第二节　命题（二）——手动器具设计第三节　命题（三）——家具设计第四节　命题（四）——手机设计第五节　命题（五）——纪念品、礼品设计第六节　命题（六）——厨房用具设计第七节　命题（七）——家庭清洁工具设计参考文献\n\n请告诉我《产品设计》这本书的基本信息。", - "你好，Human！这本书叫《产品设计》，作者是刘永翔。它于2009年5月1日由机械工业出版社出版。这本书属于教材类别，总共有188页，定价为49.80元。它是16开平装本，ISBN为9787111268208。本书是全国高职高专艺术设计类专丛书之一，已经印刷了2版。" + "这本书叫《产品设计》，作者是刘永翔。它于2009年5月1日由机械工业出版社出版。这本书属于教材类别，总共有188页，定价为49.80元。它是16开平装本，ISBN为9787111268208。本书是全国高职高专艺术设计类专丛书之一，已经印刷了2版。" ], [ "能简要介绍一下这本书的内容吗？", @@ -435643,7 +435643,7 @@ "history": [ [ "清嘉录清时期苏州文士顾禄的作品\n《清嘉录》是清代道光间苏州文士顾禄的著作，此作品以十二月为序，记述了苏州及附近地区的节令习俗。《清嘉录》大量引证古今地志、诗文、经史，并逐条考订，文笔优美，叙事详实，有保存乡邦文献的作用，是研究明清时代苏州地方史、社会史的重要资料。\n中文名\n清嘉录\n作 者\n顾禄\n朝 代\n清\n特 点\n文笔优美，叙事详实\n \n清嘉录作品简介 \n《清嘉录》是清苏州文士顾禄记述苏州及附近地区节令习俗的著作。元末明初顾禄所撰《桐桥倚棹录》亦为同类著作，且有“《清嘉录》以时间为经，《桐桥倚棹录》以空间为“纬”之说，《清嘉录》以苏州一带风景佳地、古今名人遗迹为纲，集建筑、掌故、诗文为一编，与《桐桥倚棹录》角度不同，互为补充。\n清嘉录作者介绍 \n作者为清代的顾禄。顾禄，字总之，一字铁卿,自署茶蘑山人。清道光咸丰年间苏州吴县人，其生卒年月没有明确的记载。\n清嘉录作品目录 \n清嘉录顾承序顾日新序\n朝川鼎序题辞例言卷一正月行春打春拜牌岁朝挂喜神上年坟拜年飞帖开门爆仗欢喜圑黄连云看风云秤水新年烧十庙香山川坛迎喜升官图年节洒小年朝接路头开市七人八榖斋天祭猛将点竃灯爆孛娄春饼圆子油饼灯市走三桥放烟火闹元宵打灯谜三官素接坑三姑娘百草灵验水表灯节卷二二月玄墓看梅花惊蛰闻雷米似泥土地公公生日牚腰糕文昌会冻狗肉百花生日十月十二日……卷三卷四卷五卷六卷七卷八卷九卷十卷十一卷十二后记桐桥倚棹录卷一卷二卷三卷四卷五卷六卷七卷八卷九卷十卷十一卷十二\n\n你好，请问《清嘉录》是什么内容的著作？", - "你好，Human，《清嘉录》是清代道光年间苏州文士顾禄所创作的一部著作。它以十二个月为序，详细记述了苏州及附近地区的节令习俗。书中大量引证了古今地志、诗文、经史等资料，并逐条进行考订，文笔优美，叙事详实。这本书对于研究明清时期苏州的地方史和社会史具有很高的价值。" + "《清嘉录》是清代道光年间苏州文士顾禄所创作的一部著作。它以十二个月为序，详细记述了苏州及附近地区的节令习俗。书中大量引证了古今地志、诗文、经史等资料，并逐条进行考订，文笔优美，叙事详实。这本书对于研究明清时期苏州的地方史和社会史具有很高的价值。" ], [ "《清嘉录》的作者顾禄是什么时候生活的？", @@ -436200,7 +436200,7 @@ "history": [ [ "公共绿地\n公共绿地是满足规定的日照要求、适合于安排游憩活动设施的、供居民共享的游憩绿地，应包括居住区公园、小游园和组团绿地及其它块状带状绿地等。\n中文名\n公共绿地\n外文名\npublic green space\n满 足\n规定的日照要求\n适合于\n安排游憩活动设施的\n包 括\n居住区公园\n \n公共绿地简介 \n公共绿地指供游览休息的各种公园、动物园、植物园、陵园以及花园、游园和供游览休息用的林荫道绿地、广 场绿地，不包括一般栽植的行道树及林荫道的面积。公共绿地是由于遛狗现象的出现，自己在保养过程中也会清理到狗屎，虽说情况不是很严重，但这确实不是一个好习惯。“其实不只是有遛狗的现象，也有人在此随地大小便，有时还会有拾荒者留宿于此。”呼吁市民要爱护城市的公共绿地，“作为观赏性的绿地景观，制作和保护成本都不低，而且这也是城市一道美丽的风景线。\n公共绿地养护技术 \n公共绿地草坪养护\n1．总体要求。草坪覆盖度不得少于95%，集中空秃不得大于1平方米；及时控制病虫害；及时挑除杂草，保证草坪色泽正常、生长良好、无明显杂草。2．浇水灌溉。必须湿透根系层；应根据土质、生长期、草种等因素确定灌溉量；灌溉方式应以喷灌为主，也可用浸灌；灌溉时间及时期：冷季型草坪在春秋二季充分浇水，夏季早晨适量浇水；暖季型草坪宜在早晚浇；夏季要勤浇水；雨后要及时排除草坪上的积水。3．修剪。草坪在生长季节，应按“三分之一”原则适时进行修剪，修剪后高度冷季型宜为60—80㎜，暖季型宜为50—70㎜。草坪年修剪次数按草坪生长情况而定。4．施肥。冷季型草坪宜在春秋季施追肥，暖季型草坪宜在晚春施追肥。追肥的时间和数量按草坪的生长情况而定。一般采用撒施和根外追肥的方法。5．清除杂草。草坪杂草应及时清除，做到除早、除小、除净。清除方法可采用人工除草、生物除草、机械除草和化学除草，采用化学除草剂必须经园林部门同意后方可实施。6．病虫害防治。病虫害应以防为主，防治结合，尽量采用生物防治。如采用化学防治应选择无公害药剂或高效低毒化学药剂。7．草坪更新。可采用补播草籽复壮、条状更新、定期封闭和断根更新等办法。8．其它养护。草坪中的树坑、花坛边缘应进行切边，保持线条清晰；每年秋冬应在草坪上打洞，除去打出的老土、撒入泥炭土或沙粒，以增加土壤的透气性，促进草坪生长。\n公共绿地树木养护\n\n你好，请根据上文给我解释一下公共绿地的概念。", - "你好，Human。公共绿地是指满足规定的日照要求、适合于安排游憩活动设施的、供居民共享的游憩绿地。它包括居住区公园、小游园、组团绿地以及其他块状带状绿地等。公共绿地主要是供人们游览休息的场所，如各种公园、动物园、植物园、陵园以及花园、游园等。这些绿地为市民提供了一个美好的休闲环境，并有助于增加城市绿化。" + "公共绿地是指满足规定的日照要求、适合于安排游憩活动设施的、供居民共享的游憩绿地。它包括居住区公园、小游园、组团绿地以及其他块状带状绿地等。公共绿地主要是供人们游览休息的场所，如各种公园、动物园、植物园、陵园以及花园、游园等。这些绿地为市民提供了一个美好的休闲环境，并有助于增加城市绿化。" ], [ "那么公共绿地要如何进行养护呢？", @@ -436546,7 +436546,7 @@ "history": [ [ "少年漫画漫画创作的类型之一\n少年漫画是指以青少年为主要读者对象的漫画，另外读者组别甚广，有少女，甚至成人也是少年漫画的忠实读者。一般以打斗、悬疑、冒险、科幻为主，而大部分主角都为一个目标努力奋斗。如《火影忍者》的主角鸣人为了成为「火影」而奋斗、《七龙珠》的主角孙悟空与伙伴们寻找龙珠而展开的冒险、《钢之炼金术师》主角爱德华和弟弟阿尔冯斯为了取回他们所失去的一切，开始踏上了找回自己身体的旅程。少年漫画也有恋爱的题材，如《美鸟日记》、《初恋限定。》等作品。另外，最近的少年漫画的主角光环越来越大，而成为了读者们青 睐的对象。\n中文名\n少年漫画\n外文名\nしょうねんまんが\n罗马字\nShōnen Manga\n特 点\n表情明显，不讲究服装等细节等\n主要读者\n青少年\n起源时间\n1990年代\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n少年漫画概要 \n \n海贼王(6张)\n 中文名：少年漫画外文名：しょうねんまんが平文式罗马字：Shōnen Manga日本由于在少年漫画连载被具体分类，1960年代中期是适合男子中小学生阅读的漫画，不过从1960年代末开始扩大读者层，高中生以上适合年龄层的作品增多。从1990年代开始，青年漫画的读者层逐渐扩大的源故，少年漫画专门适合孩子看的作品多，不仅是少年，女性也渐渐增加，也存在著许多20岁以上喜好的人。 \n圣斗士星矢(4张)\n 少年漫画家大多是男性，但是1980年代高桥留美子的出现，开始出现女性漫画家著作少年漫画。同时，从1990年代开始，女性漫画家笔名取男性名成为少年漫画家的情况增加着。少年漫画特点如下：表情明显，不讲究服装、装饰等细节。常出现打斗画面，以状声字或效果线加以强调动感，在此会绘制特别仔细。主要女性角色身材高挑性感。多数男、女性人物外貌英俊或唯美。与符合人体比例的面貌与身材。较少用气氛网点，多为涂黑。常常被改编为动画、电影。充满热血角色，有爆发力的人物。在市场上较为普遍。剧情内容多元，友情、推理皆有。\n少年漫画国内概况 \n \n怪力乱神(8张)\n\n请问少年漫画的起源时间是什么时候？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，少年漫画的起源时间可以追溯到20世纪90年代。从那时起，少年漫画开始吸引越来越多的读者，其中不乏成年人和女性。起初少年漫画主要针对中小学生，后来逐渐扩大至高中生和更多年龄层的读者。" + "根据提供的信息，少年漫画的起源时间可以追溯到20世纪90年代。从那时起，少年漫画开始吸引越来越多的读者，其中不乏成年人和女性。起初少年漫画主要针对中小学生，后来逐渐扩大至高中生和更多年龄层的读者。" ], [ "了解了，那么少年漫画的主要特点有哪些？", @@ -436737,7 +436737,7 @@ "history": [ [ "航天信息股份有限公司\n航天信息股份有限公司成立于2000年11月1日，是中国航天科工集团有限公司控股、以信息安全为核心的国有科技型上市公司。\n2003年7月11日，在国内A股市场挂牌上市（SHA：600271），是信息技术行业的上市公司之一，\n是“全国文明单位”、国务院国企改革“科改示范企业”。\n公司名称\n航天信息股份有限公司\n所属行业\n计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业\n成立时间\n2000年11月1日\n总部地点\n北京\n经营范围\n上市公司\n公司类型\n股份有限公司\n年营业额\n339.79 亿元(2020年) \n \n同义词\n航天信息一般指航天信息股份有限公司\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n航天信息股份有限公司公司简介 \n航天信息股份有限公司成立于2000年11月1日，是中国航天科工集团有限公司控股、以信息安全为核心的国有科技型上市公司。\n2003年7月11日，在国内A股市场挂牌上市（SHA：600271），是信息技术行业的上市公司之一，\n是“全国文明单位”、国务院国企改革“科改示范企业”。\n自成立以来，航天信息坚持服务国家战略、服务国计民生，承担了国家“金税”“金卡”“金盾”等信息化工程。 依托航天的技术优势、人才优势和组织大型工程的经验，航天信息坚持“以市场为导向、以客户为中心”的企业理念，以信息安全为核心，重点发展金税、金融科技服务、智慧、网信产业，并积极拓展海外市场，为政府客户和2000万企业用户提供信息技术服务和一体化解决方案。\n2022年5月，国家互联网信息办公室关于发布第八批境内区块链信息服务备案编号的公告，航天信息股份有限公司（航天信息信诺链电子存证平台）在列。\n航天信息股份有限公司企业文化 \n发展愿景:成为国际一流的信息产业集团，致力于信息更安全、更增值，社会更智慧、更诚信\n企业定位:服务国家战略,服务国计民生,助力政府治理,助力企业发展,成就美好生活\n企业理念:以市场为导向 以客户为中心\n管理理念:以人为本 协同创新\n经营理念:爱、信、诺\n航天信息股份有限公司企业领导 \n马天晖现任航天信息股份有限公司董事长\n、党委书记\n。\n航天信息股份有限公司公司业务 \n面向政府（行业）市场，为多个领域提供信息化技术和服务。在税务领域，全力保障国家“营改增”“减税降费”等重大政策实施。企业数据分析、基于区块链的车辆信息全生命周期管理平台等，\n助力政府信息管税。系列智能办税产品让纳税人获得更便捷、舒适的体验。\n\n你好，请问航天信息股份有限公司是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！航天信息股份有限公司成立于2000年11月1日。这是一家以信息安全为核心，由中国航天科工集团有限公司控股的国有科技型上市公司。" + "航天信息股份有限公司成立于2000年11月1日。这是一家以信息安全为核心，由中国航天科工集团有限公司控股的国有科技型上市公司。" ], [ "在哪一年航天信息股份有限公司上市的呢？", @@ -438749,7 +438749,7 @@ "history": [ [ "佛珠\n佛珠是佛教徒用以念诵记数的随身法具，在僧俗间的广泛使用。本称“念珠”，起源于持念佛法僧三宝之名，用以消除烦恼障和报障。通常可分为持珠、佩珠、挂珠三种类型。每串佛珠数目表征不同的含义。佛珠的质料不胜枚举，以“七宝”所制成的佛珠最为殊胜尊贵。菩提子是最为人们所熟知的一类佛珠。佛珠是弘法最为方便的法器。在使用佛珠时，不要过分地计较它的构造、颗数和质料才好。只要能做到“静虑离妄念，持珠当心上”，也就可以早证菩提、成就涅槃了。千年传承，让念珠由参禅悟道的工具演变为众生大智慧的象征。让人在面对烦恼、喧嚣时，不尤不饰，不骄不躁，并祈求平安、长保喜乐。随着越来越多人喜欢和佩戴念珠，使佛珠在宗教寓意之外更成为时尚文化的符号。\n中文名\n佛珠\n别 名\n念珠\n来 源\n佛教\n类 型\n持珠、佩珠、挂珠\n \n佛珠善念佛珠 \n善念佛珠，念珠材质主要包括：菩提子、佛教名木、佛家七宝、五色佩珠及其他诸如如意珠宝、土石等。其用原始本真的原木、菩提子为主料，精雕细琢，并结合佛教七宝等珍贵材料，搭以现代审美设计而成。生活各异，禅理不同，念珠亦是多样。\n佛珠流传 \n应当指出的是，佛珠虽然已经成为佛教徒的一项重要标志，但若溯其本源，佛珠并非佛教所创用。如古印度婆罗门教中的毗湿奴派，很早便有持珠的记载。这在出土文物中，便有例证，如在印度出土的公元二世纪“龙王皈佛”造像上，有一尊婆罗门像，其颈上是挂有串珠的。在中国，国人知道佛珠这一称谓，最早应始于东晋(317—420)时翻译的《木槵子经》，只可惜译者的名字已经失佚了。但我们有理由相信，两晋时期异域僧侣来华者甚众，这些外国沙门中必然会有携带佛珠的。延至唐代，在佛教大兴的时代背景下，记载有关佛珠的经典被广泛传译，先后有天竺僧人阿地瞿多译的《陀罗尼集经》、宝思惟译的《校量数珠功德经》、不空三藏译的《金刚顶瑜伽念珠经》、义净三藏译的《曼殊室利咒藏中校量数珠功德经》等诸多经典。至此，佛珠开始在朝野上下、僧俗之间普遍流传开来，如《旧唐书·李辅国传》载：”辅国不茹荤血，常为僧行，视事之隙，手持念珠，人皆信以为善。”[2]《续高僧传·道绰传》载：“人各掐珠，口同佛号，每时散席，响弥林谷。”[3]\n佛珠普及\n\n请问佛珠有哪些主要类型？", - "你好，Human！根据上述信息，佛珠主要可分为持珠、佩珠和挂珠三种类型。持珠用于念诵记数，佩珠供佩戴，挂珠用于房间或汽车等装饰。结合佛教信仰用途，提醒我们时刻保持宁静与专注，远离烦恼与执念。" + "根据上述信息，佛珠主要可分为持珠、佩珠和挂珠三种类型。持珠用于念诵记数，佩珠供佩戴，挂珠用于房间或汽车等装饰。结合佛教信仰用途，提醒我们时刻保持宁静与专注，远离烦恼与执念。" ], [ "那么佛珠有哪些常用的材质？", @@ -438814,7 +438814,7 @@ "history": [ [ "假面骑士Ixa《假面骑士Kiva》中登场的二号骑士\n假面骑士Ixa是日本特摄剧《假面骑士Kiva》中登场的二号骑士。由至上蓝天会研发出的人造假面骑士系统，其开发者之一是麻生惠的母亲麻生友里。历经的变身者有数任，包括名护启介、红音也、麻生友里、麻生惠、次狼、襟立健吾、ROOK等。\n中文名\n假面骑士Ixa\n外文名\n仮面ライダーイクサ（日文）\nかめんらいだーいくさ（平假名）\nMasked Rider Ixa（英文）\n别 名\n假面骑士战骑（新创华初译，现译）、假面骑士烈骑（新创华二译）、幪面超人烈骑、Intercept X Attacker\n饰 演\n松田贤二（装着者）\n高岩成二（加鲁鲁皮套演员）\n武田航平（装着者；无头盔皮套，魔界城之王）\n高原知秀（装着者）\n加藤庆佑（装着者）\n展开\n饰演\n松田贤二（装着者）\n高岩成二（加鲁鲁皮套演员）\n武田航平（装着者；无头盔皮套，魔界城之王）\n高原知秀（装着者）\n加藤庆佑（装着者）\n创斗（装着者）\n熊井幸平（装着者）\n冈元次郎（皮套演员，Kiva&Decade）\n高桥优（装着者）\n柳泽奈奈（装着者）\n蜂须贺祐一（皮套演员，麻生母女）\n未知（皮套演员，2号，Final Stage；Decade舞台剧）\n小仓敏博（皮套演员，Diend召唤，Decade）\n收起\n配 音\n松田贤二、武田航平、高原知秀、高桥优、加藤庆佑、创斗、柳泽奈奈、熊井幸平\n性 别\n有男有女\n登场作品\n假面骑士Kiva(及衍生作品)\n假面骑士Decade(及衍生作品)\nOOO·电王·全骑士 Let's Go 假面骑士\n假面骑士Zi-O NEXT TIME GEIZ，MAJESTY\n装着者\n次狼\n \n假面骑士Ixa骑士介绍 \n假面骑士IxaIxa\n\n请问假面骑士Ixa是什么角色？", - "你好，Human。假面骑士Ixa是日本特摄剧《假面骑士Kiva》中登场的二号骑士。由至上蓝天会研发出的人造假面骑士系统，其开发者之一是麻生惠的母亲麻生友里。这个角色历经了多名变身者，包括名护启介、红音也、麻生友里、麻生惠、次狼、襟立健吾、ROOK等。" + "假面骑士Ixa是日本特摄剧《假面骑士Kiva》中登场的二号骑士。由至上蓝天会研发出的人造假面骑士系统，其开发者之一是麻生惠的母亲麻生友里。这个角色历经了多名变身者，包括名护启介、红音也、麻生友里、麻生惠、次狼、襟立健吾、ROOK等。" ], [ "假面骑士Ixa有哪些别名？", @@ -438898,7 +438898,7 @@ "history": [ [ "郭靖\n二十世纪八十年代中国大陆电影演员，毕业于北京电影学院表演系七八班。郭靖出演的电影有《笑比哭好》、《端盘子的姑娘》、《滴水观音》、《三峡情思》 [1] 等。1989年上海电视台拍摄的儿童电视剧《三个和一个》剧中扮演流浪女孩刘玉花的生母。\n中文名\n郭靖\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n职 业\n演员\n出生地\n杭州\n代表作品\n笑比哭好、滴水观音\n \n郭靖目录 \n1作品▪《端盘子的姑娘》▪《三峡情思》\n郭靖参演作品\n\n请问郭靖是哪个年代的中国大陆电影演员？毕业于哪个学院？", - "你好，Human！郭靖是二十世纪八十年代的中国大陆电影演员。他毕业于北京电影学院表演系七八班。这些信息可以帮助你更好地了解郭靖的职业背景和经历，感谢你的提问！" + "郭靖是二十世纪八十年代的中国大陆电影演员。他毕业于北京电影学院表演系七八班。这些信息可以帮助你更好地了解郭靖的职业背景和经历，感谢你的提问！" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。请问郭靖的代表作品有哪些？", @@ -439182,7 +439182,7 @@ { "instruction": "中央音乐学院歌剧音乐厅中央音乐学院歌剧音乐厅\n中央音乐学院歌剧音乐厅位于北京市西城区鲍家街43号中央音乐学院东侧，地处二环路内，近邻长安街。\n中文名\n中央音乐学院歌剧音乐厅\n外文名\nCCOM Opera & Concert Hall\n地 址\n北京市西城区鲍家街43号\n占地面积\n3000平方\n建筑面积\n7413 m²\n \n中央音乐学院歌剧音乐厅建筑概况 \n中央音乐学院歌剧音乐厅位于北京市西城区鲍家街43号中央音乐学院东侧，地处二环路内，近邻长安街。中央音乐学院歌剧音乐厅占地3000平方米，总建筑面积7413平方米，地上3层，地下2层，是国内首例音乐厅与歌剧厅和谐共存的高标准多功能音乐厅。\n中央音乐学院歌剧音乐厅舞台设施 \n中央音乐学院歌剧音乐厅的舞台为镜框式舞台，台口宽16米，高11米，舞台径深21.9米，可满足歌剧演出的需求。观众席分为池座和楼座共690席。为满足声学要求，将池座设计为适宜音乐厅的钟型，楼座设计为适宜歌剧厅的马蹄型, 并在国内率先针对各类装饰面、管道的施工方面采用最新理念和手段进行隔音、隔震等施工，达到了国际该领域的先进水平。\n中央音乐学院歌剧音乐厅设计风格 \n歌剧音乐厅观演区的设计理念是以一滴水滴入湖面引起的涟漪展开遐想，采用多曲面扇形阶梯状吊顶和弧形雕刻墙面，曲面弧度错落有致，营造出极具冲击力和美感的艺术效果。\n\n请问中央音乐学院歌剧音乐厅位于哪个城市？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。中央音乐学院歌剧音乐厅位于中国北京市西城区。具体地址是鲍家街43号，靠近二环路内及长安街。", + "output": "中央音乐学院歌剧音乐厅位于中国北京市西城区。具体地址是鲍家街43号，靠近二环路内及长安街。", "history": [] }, { @@ -439451,7 +439451,7 @@ "history": [ [ "山东外事职业大学中国山东省威海市境内民办高校\n山东外事职业大学（ShandongVocational University of Foreign Affairs），位于山东省威海市，是经中华人民共和国教育部批准的全日制普通高等院校，系民办本科层次职业教育试点学校。学校创建于1999年的山东外事翻译学院；2004年7月，改建为山东外事翻译职业学院，成为全日制普通高等职业院校；2018年12月，经教育部批准升格为本科院校；2019年5月更名为山东外事职业大学。据2022年8月学校官网显示，学校设威海和济南两个校区，占地面积2115余亩，校舍建筑面积56.7万余平方米；设有16个教学单位，开设59个本、专科专业\n；共有教职工1000余人，其中专任教师1125余人；有在校生15000余人。\n中文名\n山东外事职业大学\n外文名\nShandongVocational University of Foreign Affairs\n简 称\n山东外事（SVUFA）\n创办时间\n1999年\n办学性质\n民办高校\n学校类别\n综合类\n学校特色\n全国首批本科层次职业教育试点学校（2019年）\n主管部门\n山东省教育厅\n现任领导\n校长：孙承武\n高职专业\n46个\n本科专业\n10个\n院系设置\n外国语学院、管理学院、国际商学院、工程学院、信息与控制工程学院、艺术学院、护理学院、综合学院等\n校 训\n中西合璧、知行合一\n校 歌\n《我的大学，我的摇篮》\n地 址\n威海校区：山东省威海市乳山银滩长江路788号\n济南校区：山东省济南市天桥区历山北路2号\n院校代码\n13874\n \n同义词\n山东外事职业学院（山东外事职业学院）一般指山东外事职业大学\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n山东外事职业大学历史沿革 \n1999年，山东外事翻译学院创建。2004年7月，经山东省人民政府批准，中华人民共和国教育部备案，改建为山东外事翻译职业学院，成为全日制普通高等职业院校。2018年12月，经教育部批准升格为本科院校，校名暂定为山东外事翻译职业学院（本科）。\n2019年5月27日，教育部同意山东外事翻译职业学院（本科）更名为山东外事职业大学，系民办本科层次职业教育试点学校。\n2020年10月11日，与济宁市金乡县人民政府合作办学签约仪式在金乡县政府九楼会议室举行\n。\n山东外事职业大学办学条件 \n山东外事职业大学院系专业\n\n请问你了解山东外事职业大学吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解山东外事职业大学。这所学校位于山东省威海市，是经中华人民共和国教育部批准的全日制普通高等院校，属于民办本科层次职业教育试点学校。学校于1999年创建，曾是山东外事翻译学院，后更名为山东外事翻译职业学院。在2018年12月经教育部批准升格为本科院校，最后在2019年5月更名为山东外事职业大学。" + "我了解山东外事职业大学。这所学校位于山东省威海市，是经中华人民共和国教育部批准的全日制普通高等院校，属于民办本科层次职业教育试点学校。学校于1999年创建，曾是山东外事翻译学院，后更名为山东外事翻译职业学院。在2018年12月经教育部批准升格为本科院校，最后在2019年5月更名为山东外事职业大学。" ], [ "学校在哪个城市有校区？校区占地多少？", @@ -439813,7 +439813,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黄家驹\n黄家驹（1962年6月10日—1993年6月30日），出生于中国香港，祖籍广东省台山市，中国香港男歌手、原创音乐人、吉他手，摇滚乐队Beyond的主唱及创队成员\n。1983年组建Beyond乐队，担任主唱，并以英文歌曲《大厦》出道\n。1986年开始用粤语创作歌曲；同年随乐队发行首张专辑《再见理想》\n。1988年凭借专辑《秘密警察》在香港歌坛获得关注\n，其中由黄家驹创作的歌曲《大地》获得十大劲歌金曲奖\n。1989年凭借歌曲《真的爱你》获得十大中文金曲奖以及十大劲歌金曲奖\n。1990年凭借歌曲《光辉岁月》获得十大劲歌金曲最佳填词奖\n。1991年随乐队在香港红馆举行“Beyond Live 1991 生命接触演唱会”。1992年主演电影《笼民》\n；同年率领乐队赴日本发展音乐事业。1993年创作的歌曲《海阔天空》获得十大中文金曲奖、叱咤乐坛流行榜我最喜爱的本地创作歌曲大奖\n。1993年6月24日，黄家驹在日本参与某综艺节目期间意外受伤；6月30日逝世，终年31岁\n；同年被追颁十大中文金曲“无休止符纪念奖”\n和十大劲歌金曲荣誉大奖\n。黄家驹热心公益慈善。1991年率领Beyond前往非洲等地探访第三世界的穷困人民，并成立第三世界基金\n。黄家驹拥有独特的沙哑嗓音，对尾音的颤抖式处理成为他的标志\n。他擅长词曲创作以及吉他弹奏，Beyond乐队在1983年到1993年这段时期发表的大部分音乐作品均由黄家驹作曲及主唱\n。他一生创作过数百首作品，其作品题材涉猎广泛，内容大多反映出社会的时弊以及自己的所见所感\n。\n中文名\n黄家驹\n外文名\nWong Ka Kui(英)\nKoma(日)\n别 名\n黄伯、黑仔、四眼仔\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n出生地\n中国香港\n出生日期\n1962年6月10日\n逝世日期\n1993年6月30日\n星 座\n双子座\n血 型\nA型\n身 高\n173 cm\n毕业院校\n博允中学\n职 业\n歌手、音乐人、吉他手\n代表作品\n海阔天空、再见理想、光辉岁月、AMANI、喜欢你、情人、永远等待、灰色轨迹、我是愤怒、金属狂人、午夜怨曲、遥望、真的爱你、谁伴我闯荡、无泪的遗憾、不再犹豫、俾面派对、农民、无尽空虚、旧日的足迹\n主要成就\n十大中文金曲无休止符纪念奖\n十大劲歌金曲荣誉大奖\n安徽卫视亚洲偶像盛典终身成就奖\n叱咤殿堂十大至尊作曲人\n香港新城电台劲爆作曲人奖\n展开\n主要成就\n十大中文金曲无休止符纪念奖\n十大劲歌金曲荣誉大奖\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我黄家驹的一些基本信息吗？", - "你好，Human！黄家驹（1962年6月10日—1993年6月30日）出生于中国香港，祖籍广东省台山市。他是中国香港著名的男歌手、原创音乐人和吉他手，也是摇滚乐队Beyond的主唱及创队成员。黄家驹的成名作品包括《海阔天空》、《光辉岁月》、《再见理想》等。他在音乐界具有较高的成就，曾获得多项奖项，例如：十大中文金曲无休止符纪念奖、十大劲歌金曲荣誉大奖等。" + "黄家驹（1962年6月10日—1993年6月30日）出生于中国香港，祖籍广东省台山市。他是中国香港著名的男歌手、原创音乐人和吉他手，也是摇滚乐队Beyond的主唱及创队成员。黄家驹的成名作品包括《海阔天空》、《光辉岁月》、《再见理想》等。他在音乐界具有较高的成就，曾获得多项奖项，例如：十大中文金曲无休止符纪念奖、十大劲歌金曲荣誉大奖等。" ], [ "谢谢，能再详细介绍一下他加入乐队Beyond之后的一些成就吗？", @@ -440475,7 +440475,7 @@ "history": [ [ "梦游者\n《梦游者》是Mona Fastvold导演的一部电影。\n中文名\n梦游者\n外文名\nThe Sleepwalker\n类 型\n剧情片\n导 演\nMona Fastvold\n编 剧\n布拉迪·科贝特 / Mona Fastvold\n主 演\n吉特·尤斯兰德、克里斯托弗·阿波特、Stephanie Ellis、布拉迪·科贝特\n片 长\n91 分钟\n上映时间\n2014-01-31(挪威)\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\nimdb编码\ntt2723576\n主要奖项\n第30届圣丹斯电影节 评审团大奖 剧情片(提名) Mona Fastvold\n出品时间\n2014年\n \n梦游者剧情简介 \n凯娅与安德鲁是一对年轻的夫妇。他们正在休憩一同凯娅祖辈留下来的与世隔绝的老宅。但是当凯娅的姐姐克里斯汀带着未婚夫伊拉到来之后，给他们的生活带来了意想不到的变化。\n梦游者获奖情况 \n第30届圣丹斯电影节 评审团大奖 剧情片(提名) Mona Fastvold\n\n你好，请问电影《梦游者》的导演是谁？", - "你好，Human！电影《梦游者》的导演是Mona Fastvold。这部剧情片由她执导并与布拉迪·科贝特共同编写剧本。" + "电影《梦游者》的导演是Mona Fastvold。这部剧情片由她执导并与布拉迪·科贝特共同编写剧本。" ], [ "请问这部电影的主演有哪些人？", @@ -441456,7 +441456,7 @@ "history": [ [ "农业示范园\n农业示范园，也可称农业示范区。在我国农业示范园多为科技示范园，是以科技为支撑的农业发展的新型模式，是农业技术组装集成的载体，是市场与农户连接的纽带，是现代农业科技的辐射源，是人才培养和技术培训的基地，对周边地区农业产业升级和农村经济发展具有示范与推动作用。\n中文名\n农业示范园\n别 名\n农业示范区\n性 质\n农业发展的新型模式\n提出单位\n农业部\n \n农业示范园存在问题 \n缺乏科学的规划思想和指导原则我国有些农业示范园在未进行充分科学论证的情况下，效仿他人，花费大量资金引进国外成套的设备、工艺和管理系统，结果引进的高档设施与当地条件不相匹配。出现这种困境的主要原因是园区建设前期缺乏科学、务实的规划思想和指导原则，没能从本质内容上深入思考，功能定位不够准确、发展目标含糊不清，多部门介入、盲目上马，导致“盆景效应”、“形象工程”等重政绩轻实效的不良现象频繁出现，造成国民经济的严重浪费。农业产业化水平不高，可持续发展理念不突出部分园区受上级政府的干预过多、运作效率低，未建立现代化的企业化管理制度和运行机制。而且在其发展期间，常常只求短期掠夺式的经济效益造成生态资源浪费，不能实现园区可持续发展的总体目标。缺乏科学的综合评价指标体系园区发展中存在“只进不出”、“重建设、轻管理”的现象，不但起不到示范推广作用，没有经济效益，反而成为当地负担。究其原因是由于我国对园区的宏观管理方面的滞后，比如项目建设中缺乏监督，建成后缺乏管理和跟踪评价。而园区建设的标准、指标等缺乏系统性的分析研究，多种滞后因素的存在，制约着园区规范化发展。建设资金不足、政策扶持未落实处由于农业基础投入过小，园区的投资效益偏低，示范带动作用有限，后续发展能力受到较大影响。而且园区建设基本上是由企业自筹开发建设，政府和其他社会力量介入很少，资金到位不够理想，投融资渠道不畅，项目资金使用分散，难以形成规范化管理和有序发展的区域格局，导致园区建设进展缓慢。\n农业示范园建设措施\n\n请问农业示范园的主要功能是什么？", - "你好，Human！农业示范园是以科技为支撑的农业发展新型模式。它主要具备以下几个功能：作为农业技术组装集成的载体；连接市场与农户的纽带；现代农业科技的辐射源；以及人才培养和技术培训的基地。总的来说，农业示范园对周边地区农业产业升级和农村经济发展有示范和推动作用。" + "农业示范园是以科技为支撑的农业发展新型模式。它主要具备以下几个功能：作为农业技术组装集成的载体；连接市场与农户的纽带；现代农业科技的辐射源；以及人才培养和技术培训的基地。总的来说，农业示范园对周边地区农业产业升级和农村经济发展有示范和推动作用。" ], [ "农业示范园存在哪些问题？", @@ -441559,7 +441559,7 @@ "history": [ [ "涂鸦\n《涂鸦》是一款塔防游戏，大小为15.56 MB，主要支持的平台有WinMobile 7.1。\n中文名\n涂鸦\n游戏大小\n15.56MB\n支持平台\nWinMobile7.1\n应用类别\n策略游戏\n应用开发\nElbert Perez\n应用版本\n1.4.0.0\n应用语言\n英文\n正版价格\n免费\n \n涂鸦游戏介绍 \nScribble Defense涂鸦塔防是一款经典塔防游戏，你必须以合适的方式来抵御各种侵袭，部署能量塔在敌人的必经之路上袭击敌人。发挥你的想象力和创新力吧！\n涂鸦游戏截图 \n \n \n \n \n游戏截图\n\n请问《涂鸦》这款游戏是什么类型的游戏？", - "你好，Human！《涂鸦》（Scribble Defense）是一款策略类的塔防游戏。在这款游戏中，你需要部署各种能量塔来抵御不断侵袭的敌人。通过正确的战略部署和合理的资源分配，你可以克敌制胜。" + "《涂鸦》（Scribble Defense）是一款策略类的塔防游戏。在这款游戏中，你需要部署各种能量塔来抵御不断侵袭的敌人。通过正确的战略部署和合理的资源分配，你可以克敌制胜。" ], [ "《涂鸦》游戏的支持平台和游戏大小是多少呢？", @@ -441798,7 +441798,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中铁大桥局集团有限公司\n中铁大桥局集团有限公司是中国中铁股份有限公司旗下的全资子公司，前身为1953年4月为修建武汉长江大桥经政务院批准成立的铁道部大桥工程局（2001年改制为现名），是中国唯一一家集桥梁科学研究、勘测设计、工程施工、机械制造四位于一体的大型工程公司，具备在各种江、河、湖、海及恶劣地质、环境条件下修建各类型桥梁的能力。\n公司名称\n中铁大桥局集团有限公司\n成立时间\n1953年4月\n总部地点\n武汉汉阳\n经营范围\n大型工程\n公司类型\n国企\n前 身\n铁道部大桥工程局\n \n同义词\n中铁大桥局一般指中铁大桥局集团有限公司\n \n中铁大桥局集团有限公司简介 \n11月2日下午，第三届中国质量奖颁奖大会在北京隆重召开。武汉“建桥国家队”中铁大桥局摘得中国质量奖桂冠，大桥局党委书记、董事长刘自明代表企业赴现场领奖。这是本届工程建设行业唯一获奖企业，也标志着湖北省实现中国质量奖“零”的突破。\n\n请问中铁大桥局集团有限公司是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！中铁大桥局集团有限公司成立于1953年4月。这家公司前身为铁道部大桥工程局，成立之初负责修建武汉长江大桥。后来，经过不断发展，现已成为中国唯一一家集桥梁科学研究、勘测设计、工程施工、机械制造四位于一体的大型工程公司。" + "中铁大桥局集团有限公司成立于1953年4月。这家公司前身为铁道部大桥工程局，成立之初负责修建武汉长江大桥。后来，经过不断发展，现已成为中国唯一一家集桥梁科学研究、勘测设计、工程施工、机械制造四位于一体的大型工程公司。" ], [ "中铁大桥局集团有限公司的总部在哪里呢？", @@ -442490,7 +442490,7 @@ "history": [ [ "埃及学研究古埃及文明的的学科\n埃及学（英语：Egyptology；阿拉伯语：علم المصريات‎‎），是研究古埃及文明的语言、文字、历史及文化艺术的学科。包括考古学、历史学、语言学、古文字学、文化人类学、文学史、宗教史、美术史及纸草学等专科研究，也涉及建筑史、技术史、医学史等。属东方学的一种。\n古埃及文明的年代范围从公元前3100年左右起，到前332年埃及受希腊统治时止。但在此以前的新石器时代及在此之后的希腊罗马统治时期因与埃及文明的萌生、后续有关，一般亦列入埃及学的研究范围。西方世界自古希腊罗马时期以来便对埃及文明抱有浓厚兴趣，文艺复兴后学术探讨、考察和资料搜集日渐增多，终于发展成埃及学这门近代人文科学的学科 。其形成以1822年法国学者商博良以罗塞塔碑文和另一块方尖碑上的铭文为基础，释读古埃及象形文字成功为标志。20世纪中期，对古埃及文明的关注逐渐扩展到全球，中国学者的埃及学研究也得到起步和发展\n。目前世界上有100多个国家都建立了埃及学，使埃及学真正成为了一门世界性的学科。在发达国家中，埃及学规模最大的是美国、法国、英国和德国，其次是前苏联、瑞士、意大利等国。而在埃及学研究对象的国度埃及，由于历史的原因，其本国的埃及学规模还不能与西方相提并论。\n中文名\n埃及学\n外文名\n英语：Egyptology；阿拉伯语：علم المصريات‎‎\n诞生时间\n1822年\n提出者\n商博良\n内 容\n古埃及语言、文字、历史及艺术\n下 属\n考古学、语言学、历史学等\n \n埃及学研究对象 \n埃及学是世界考古和世界历史研究中的重要学科。以现代科学方法和电子仪器进一步探索金字塔等埃及古迹，是埃及学发展的新方向。可以从两方面来说呢它的重要性：首先，作为世界文明发源地之一，古埃及文化令人叹为观止的成就和它的无数奥秘始终吸引后人孜孜不倦穷原竟委；其次，有雄及文化对现代西方文化的形成和西亚、非洲文化的发展产生过重大影响。从总体高度把握人类文明史，探讨国家的起源、文字的起源、宗教的早期形态、科学与艺术的初期阶段等重大理论何题，不能没有埃及学\n\n请问埃及学主要研究的内容是什么？", - "你好，Human。埃及学主要研究古埃及文明的语言、文字、历史和文化艺术。包括考古学、历史学、语言学、古文字学、文化人类学、文学史、宗教史、美术史及纸草学等专科研究。同时也涉及建筑史、技术史、医学史等。它是东方学的一个分支。" + "埃及学主要研究古埃及文明的语言、文字、历史和文化艺术。包括考古学、历史学、语言学、古文字学、文化人类学、文学史、宗教史、美术史及纸草学等专科研究。同时也涉及建筑史、技术史、医学史等。它是东方学的一个分支。" ], [ "顺便也告诉我一下埃及学的研究范围是多少年？", @@ -442738,7 +442738,7 @@ "history": [ [ "灾厄汉语词语\n灾厄，拼音：zāi è，汉语词语，意思是指灾祸;苦难。\n中文名\n灾厄\n拼 音\nzāi è\n释 义\n灾祸;苦难\n出 处\n《汉书·谷永传》\n \n灾厄释义 \n亦作\"灾厄\"。亦作\"灾阸\"。灾祸;苦难。\n灾厄出处 \n《汉书·谷永传》：“遭无妄之卦运，直百六之灾阸，三难异科，杂焉同会。”\n灾厄例句 \n前蜀 杜光庭 《众修北帝衙醮词》：“伏乞解除灾厄，延益年龄，落死籍于 北酆 ，上生名于南极。”前蜀 杜光庭《洋州宗夔会公本命醮词》：“荡涤罪瑕，解除冤债，消平灾厄，延续年龄。增禄祚于 南昌，落凶衰于北府。”\n前蜀 杜光庭《徐耕司空九曜醮词》：“解已成之灾厄，赦既往之罪尤……潜增年算，克赐乂安。”\n元 柯丹邱 《荆钗记·遐契》：“春牛上宅，并无灾厄。”明 朱权《荆钗记》第七出：相公，接待不周，春牛上宅，并无灾厄。\n明 凌濛初《二刻拍案惊奇》卷二九：“成就人功名，度脱人灾厄，撮合人夫妇，这样的事，往往有之。”清 俞正燮 《癸巳类稿·九宫纪年论》：“阳九百六，当癸丑、甲寅之岁，为灾戹之会，而得五福、太一移入中都，可以消灾为祥。”\n灾厄字词分开解释 \n灾 zāi水、火、荒旱等所造成的祸害：水灾。火灾。灾难（n刵 ）。灾害。灾患。个人的不幸遭遇：招灾惹祸。幸灾乐祸。破财消灾。\n厄 è困苦、灾难：厄运。厄境。 阻塞：阻厄。 险要的地方：险厄。 木节。 没有肉的骨头。咟喥咟萪\n\n关于灾厄这个词，它的具体定义是什么？", - "你好，Human！灾厄（拼音：zāi è）是一个汉语词语，它的定义是指灾祸和苦难。灾祸表示水、火、荒旱等造成的祸害，如水灾、火灾等。苦难表示个人或群体所遭受到的痛苦和不幸。总的来说，灾厄代表了不幸的事情或者困难的境况。" + "灾厄（拼音：zāi è）是一个汉语词语，它的定义是指灾祸和苦难。灾祸表示水、火、荒旱等造成的祸害，如水灾、火灾等。苦难表示个人或群体所遭受到的痛苦和不幸。总的来说，灾厄代表了不幸的事情或者困难的境况。" ], [ "这个词出现在哪些文学作品中呢？", @@ -442948,7 +442948,7 @@ "history": [ [ "信息处理\n信息既不是物质也不是能量，是人类在适应外部环境时以及在感知外部环境时而作出协调时与外部环境交换内容的总称。因此，可以认为，信息是人与外界的一种交互通信的信号量。信息就是能够用来消除不确定性的东西，是一个事件发生概率的对数的负值。信息处理就是对信息的接收、存储、转化、传送和发布等。信息与我们的日常工作密不可分。\n中文名\n信息处理\n外文名\nInformation processing\n别 名\n信号处理\n表达式\n信息\n提出者\nClause Shannon\n提出时间\n1960年\n适用领域\n对经济生活本质描述的细致性探讨\n应用学科\n统计\n \n信息处理简介 \n信息（information）既是一种抽象的概念，又是一个无处不在的实际事件。控制论创始人维纳（Norbert Wiener）认为，信息既不是物质也不是能量，是人类在适应外部环境时以及在感知外部环境时而作出协调时与外部环境交换内容的总称。因此，可以认为，信息是人与外界的一种交互通信的信号量。信息加工是对收集来的信息进行去伪存真、去粗取精、由表及里、由此及彼的加工过程。它是在原始信息的基础上，生产出价值含量高、方便用户利用的二次信息的活动过程。这一过程将使信息增值。只有在对信息进行适当处理的基础上，才能产生新的、用以指导决策的有效信息或知识\n。\n信息处理功能和用途\n\n我想了解一下什么是信息处理？", - "你好，Human！信息处理是指对信息的接收、存储、转化、传送和发布等过程。它是在原始信息的基础上，进行去伪存真、去粗取精、由表及里、由此及彼的加工过程。这一过程将使信息增值。只有在对信息进行适当处理的基础上，才能产生新的、用以指导决策的有效信息或知识。简而言之，信息处理就是对收集来的信息进行有序、有效的加工和处理，以便人们更好地理解和使用这些信息。" + "信息处理是指对信息的接收、存储、转化、传送和发布等过程。它是在原始信息的基础上，进行去伪存真、去粗取精、由表及里、由此及彼的加工过程。这一过程将使信息增值。只有在对信息进行适当处理的基础上，才能产生新的、用以指导决策的有效信息或知识。简而言之，信息处理就是对收集来的信息进行有序、有效的加工和处理，以便人们更好地理解和使用这些信息。" ], [ "信息处理在现实生活中有哪些应用场景？", @@ -443126,7 +443126,7 @@ "history": [ [ "湖南化工职业技术学院中国湖南省株洲市境内公立高校\n中文名\n湖南化工职业技术学院\n外文名\nHunan Chemical Vocational Technology College\n创办时间\n1958年\n办学性质\n公立大学\n学校特色\n湖南省示范性（骨干）高职院校建设单位（2012年）\n中国特色高水平高职学校和专业建设计划\n主管部门\n湖南省\n现任领导\n党委书记：王雄伟、院长：陈超\n校 训\n厚德、励志、笃学、精艺\n校 歌\n《共铸化院魂》\n地 址\n湖南省株洲市云龙示范区职教大学城\n院校代码\n13043\n主要奖项\n湖南省教育信息化创新应用示范学校（2015年）\n湖南省大学生就业创业示范校（2013年）\n类 型\n工科\n所属地区\n中国 湖南省 株洲市\n主要院系\n化学工程系、制药与生物工程系、机械工程系、自动化与信息工程系、经济管理系等\n \n基本信息\n湖南化工职业技术学院历史沿革 \n1998年，湖南省化学工业学校与湖南省资江化学工业学校合并为湖南化工职业技术学院。1980年、1995年、2000年先后三次被教育部评为国家级重点中专学校。2003年4月，经湖南省人民政府批准，学校升格为湖南化工职业技术学院。2004年、2005年，学院被评为全省“十佳职业技能鉴定先进单位”。2008年，通过了教育部人才培训工作水平优秀评估。2010年，合并湖南化工机械学校（湖南工业高级技工学校）。2010年，通过了湖南省文明高校评估。2012年，成功立项为湖南省示范性（骨干）高职院校建设单位。2013年，被评为湖南省大学生就业创业示范校。2013年，被评为湖南省教育信息化试点学校（验收获优秀等级）。2013年首批荣获湖南省大学生就业创业示范校的四个高职院校之一。2010年、2012年、2014年学院连续三届获得湖南省普通高校就业工作“一把手”工程督查优秀单位。2014年，成功立项为湖南省平安高校建设单位。2015年，被评为湖南省教育信息化创新应用示范学校，设有国家职业技能鉴定所、化工特种行业技能鉴定站（全省唯一）。\n2019年12月，被教育部、财政部列入第三类高水平专业群建设单位（B档）。\n2021年9月30日，通过教育部职业教育与成人教育司组织的现代学徒制第三批试点验收。\n2022年1月，湖南化工职业技术学院香樟社区学院挂牌成立。\n湖南化工职业技术学院办学条件 \n湖南化工职业技术学院院系专业\n\n你好。请问湖南化工职业技术学院创建于哪一年？", - "你好，Human！湖南化工职业技术学院创建于1958年。这所学院的历史可追溯到当时成立的湖南省化学工业学校和湖南省资江化学工业学校，它们在1998年合并为现在的湖南化工职业技术学院。" + "湖南化工职业技术学院创建于1958年。这所学院的历史可追溯到当时成立的湖南省化学工业学校和湖南省资江化学工业学校，它们在1998年合并为现在的湖南化工职业技术学院。" ], [ "谢谢。能否告诉我学校现任的领导和校训？", @@ -443657,7 +443657,7 @@ "history": [ [ "信使任天堂NS家用机游戏\n《信使》\n是NS动作游戏。《信使》（The Messenger）的发售日期，本作于8月30日登陆NS和PC平台。\n《信使》于2020年6月25日登陆Xbox One。\n中文名\n信使\n外文名\nThe Messenger\n游戏平台\nNS和PC\n上市时间\n18年8月30日\n 发展历程Devolver Digital的这款独立游戏因为酷似FC时代的《忍者龙剑传》\n。允许玩家在8位和16位图形风格的两个世界之间切换。\n2021年12月16日，《信使》开发商RPG新作《星空之海》发布新预告，预计将于2022年圣诞季发售。\n\n请问《信使》这款游戏是什么类型的游戏？", - "你好，Human！《信使》（The Messenger）是一款动作游戏，其风格与FC时代的《忍者龙剑传》相似。玩家可以在8位和16位图形风格的两个世界之间切换。" + "《信使》（The Messenger）是一款动作游戏，其风格与FC时代的《忍者龙剑传》相似。玩家可以在8位和16位图形风格的两个世界之间切换。" ], [ "这款游戏的发行商和开发商是谁?", @@ -443954,7 +443954,7 @@ "history": [ [ "北京路贵州省贵阳市云岩区北京路\n北京路属于中国贵州省贵阳市云岩区一条集文化、政治、娱乐、商业于一体的街道，地处贵州省贵阳市老城区北边，沿线有黔灵山公园、贵州省图书馆、贵州省美术馆、贵州省政治协商会议、新华社贵州分社、贵州医科大学及附属医院、贵州省国际会议中心、贵州省地矿局、贵州饭店等行政、企事业单位。还有银海元隆广场、北京路网红街等商业中心。北京路呈东西走向，由东往西依次与盐务街、中华北路、人民大道北段、瑞金北路等多条主次干道相交。道路全长2.5千米，道路宽45米，双向8车道，沥青混凝土路面。2008年，北京路同其他一环线一同采用高性能改性沥青罩面，使路面平整，扬尘降低。两旁以法国梧桐为行道树\n。北京路建于1957年，贵阳市于2009年至2010年对道路实施节点改造，完成了下拉槽、以及部分节点的人行过街设施改造。\n中文名\n北京路\n外文名\nBEIJING LU\n地理位置\n贵阳市云岩区\n长 度\n4.5 km\n起 点\n贵阳华美达神奇大酒店\n终 点\n贵阳黔灵大酒店\n 北京路是中国贵州省贵阳市云岩区一条集文化、政治、娱乐、商业于一体的街道，地处贵阳市老城区北边，建于1957年，两旁以法国梧桐为行道树。\n\n请问贵阳市北京路是什么样的一条街道呢？", - "你好，Human！贵阳市北京路位于贵州省贵阳市云岩区，是一条集文化、政治、娱乐、商业于一体的街道。这条街道建于1957年，地处贵阳市老城区北边。沿线有黔灵山公园、贵州省图书馆、贵州省美术馆、贵州省政治协商会议等文化和政治设施。此外，还有银海元隆广场、北京路网红街等商业中心。总之，北京路是一条多功能的街道，既有丰富的文化底蕴，又有现代化的商业配套设施。" + "贵阳市北京路位于贵州省贵阳市云岩区，是一条集文化、政治、娱乐、商业于一体的街道。这条街道建于1957年，地处贵阳市老城区北边。沿线有黔灵山公园、贵州省图书馆、贵州省美术馆、贵州省政治协商会议等文化和政治设施。此外，还有银海元隆广场、北京路网红街等商业中心。总之，北京路是一条多功能的街道，既有丰富的文化底蕴，又有现代化的商业配套设施。" ], [ "能说说北京路的交通状况吗？", @@ -443996,7 +443996,7 @@ "history": [ [ "书香门第\n书香门第是上海文艺出版社出版的图书，作者是周矢。\n中文名\n书香门第\n作 者\n周矢\n \n原价：39.00元出版社：上海文艺出版社出版日期：2013-10-01ISBN：9787532149476页码：386开本：16内容简介：石城本是以出盐闻名的，可是石城的盐场早已搬到了七灶，城里的海腥气便也一天天地淡了，但是新到石城的人却从鼻子里闻到了另外一种味道。他们说不清这是什么味道，也说不出是好闻难闻，却还是要掇起了鼻子使劲地闻。问石城人，石城人就笑着告诉这些新来者，说这是鲫鱼汤的鲜香味。新来者如果……要了一碗鱼汤面，闻了，吃了，一个个便都会咂着嘴巴走出大门，连连称赞这汤这面的好，说鲜，说香，说从来没有喝过这么鲜香的鱼汤，从来没有吃过这么鲜香的面条，仿佛差一点儿便把自己的舌头也嚼碎了和那鱼汤一起咽下去了，自然也说明天还要来吃这鱼汤面。究其实，却还有另外一种味道在其中，石城人却都不肯说，那是石城几条河里卖粪的粪船里传出来的臭味……\n\n我想了解一下《书香门第》这本书的基本信息，能告诉我吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。《书香门第》是一本由周矢编著的小说，原价为39.00元，由上海文艺出版社出版。这本书于2013年10月1日出版，其ISBN编号为9787532149476，共有386页，开本为16。" + "当然可以。《书香门第》是一本由周矢编著的小说，原价为39.00元，由上海文艺出版社出版。这本书于2013年10月1日出版，其ISBN编号为9787532149476，共有386页，开本为16。" ], [ "这本书的内容大概是关于什么的？", @@ -444417,7 +444417,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乔治·伊斯曼\n乔治·伊斯曼，中学辍学，按当时的学业标准评价，他被视为“没有特殊天份”的学生。他家境贫穷，在很小的时候起，就担负起照顾寡居的母亲和两个妹妹的生活，其中一个妹妹还严重残疾。14岁便在保险公司做勤杂工，就此开始他的职业生涯，后来在当地一家银行谋得一职。他就是乔治·伊士曼先生，他具有克服财政困难的能力，组织和管理的天份，他活跃而富有创造力的思维使其在25岁左右便成为一名成功的企业家，并带领他的伊士曼柯达（Eastman Kodak）公司走在美国业界的最前沿。\n中文名\n乔治·伊士曼\n外文名\nGeorge Eastman\n国 籍\n美国\n出生日期\n1854年7月12日\n逝世日期\n1932年\n主要成就\n柯达的创始人\n出生地\n纽约\n性 别\n男\n \n同义词\n伊斯曼一般指乔治·伊斯曼\n \n乔治·伊斯曼寒士英才 \n乔治·伊斯曼个人资料\n伊士曼出生于美国纽约州的沃特维尔（Waterville）村。是Maria Kilbourn和George Washington Eastman家三个小孩中最小的一个，该村庄位于纽约州北部尤蒂卡的西南部大约20英里处。伊士曼老宅子是乔治父亲出生的地方，乔治在那里度过了童年时光，他们一度搬到纽约曼福特的杰纳西乡村博物馆，罗彻斯特郊外。\n乔治·伊斯曼生平经历\n\n你好，请问乔治·伊士曼是谁？", - "你好，Human！乔治·伊士曼（George Eastman）是美国柯达公司（Eastman Kodak）的创始人。他出生于1854年7月12日，美国纽约州沃特维尔村。伊士曼在美国影像产业中有着举足轻重的地位，他主导了摄影的发展，使之变得更加简单、便捷，让更多普通人能够经历摄影的乐趣。" + "乔治·伊士曼（George Eastman）是美国柯达公司（Eastman Kodak）的创始人。他出生于1854年7月12日，美国纽约州沃特维尔村。伊士曼在美国影像产业中有着举足轻重的地位，他主导了摄影的发展，使之变得更加简单、便捷，让更多普通人能够经历摄影的乐趣。" ], [ "他的职业生涯是怎么开始的呢？", @@ -445026,7 +445026,7 @@ "history": [ [ "福建乌龙茶\n福建乌龙茶，福建省特产，中国国家地理标志产品。\n乌龙茶是明清时首先创之于福建的一种半发酵茶，19世纪初乌龙茶的产制亦由福建扩展至粤东及台湾。福建乌龙茶产品花色具备各自的品质特征，细分为闽北水仙、闽北乌龙、闽南铁观音、闽南色种、武夷岩茶和安溪铁观音等系列产品。2007年02月14日，原国家质检总局批准对“福建乌龙茶”实施地理标志产品保护。\n中文名\n福建乌龙茶\n产地名称\n福建省\n品质特点\n形优色美、品种分明、香高味醇\n地理标志\n国家质检总局地理标志产品\n批准文号\n国家质检总局公告2007年第33号\n批准时间\n2007年02月14日\n \n福建乌龙茶产品特点 \n福建乌龙茶品质特性\n福建乌龙茶传统加工工艺为：鲜叶→晾青或晒青→摇青←→摊青→杀青→揉捻（或包揉）→烘焙→毛茶。由此形成其特有的品质特征：条索紧卷或壮实，色泽砂绿油润、乌润，洁净、匀整，香气花香浓郁、滋味醇厚鲜爽回甘、品种特征显，汤色橙黄或橙红，叶底软亮、匀齐、显红边。\n福建乌龙茶功效价值\n\n请问福建乌龙茶具备哪几种品质特征？", - "你好，Human。福建乌龙茶的品质特征主要包括以下几点：条索紧卷或壮实，色泽砂绿油润、乌润，洁净、匀整；香气花香浓郁，滋味醇厚鲜爽回甘，品种特征显著；汤色橙黄或橙红；叶底软亮、匀齐、显红边。这些特征使得福建乌龙茶形优色美、品种分明、香高味醇。" + "福建乌龙茶的品质特征主要包括以下几点：条索紧卷或壮实，色泽砂绿油润、乌润，洁净、匀整；香气花香浓郁，滋味醇厚鲜爽回甘，品种特征显著；汤色橙黄或橙红；叶底软亮、匀齐、显红边。这些特征使得福建乌龙茶形优色美、品种分明、香高味醇。" ], [ "福建乌龙茶有哪些主要的产品系列？", @@ -445750,7 +445750,7 @@ "history": [ [ "南华早报\n《南华早报》始于1903年，是一份香港英文报纸。《南华早报》（South China Morning Post，SCMP）和星期日出版的《星期日南华早报》（Sunday Morning Post）是香港销量最高的英语报纸。现时的总编辑为谭卫儿\n。其主要对手为《英文虎报》和《亚洲华尔街日报》。\n中文名\n南华早报\n外文名\nSouth China Morning Post\n语 种\n英语\n类 别\n金融\n编辑单位\n南华早报\n创刊时间\n1903年\n总编辑\n谭卫儿\n \n南华早报历史发展 \n1903年11月6日首份报纸出版。1971年11月在香港交易所上市。1987年梅铎的新闻集团将之私有化，1990年重新上市。1993年10月郭鹤年的嘉里传媒有限公司买下了《南华早报》的控股权。1997年末，其子郭孔演成为该报主席。在殖民地时期，《南华早报》视为英国殖民地政府的喉舌。许多政府官员在那里发表评论、资料和访问。自郭氏收购后，该报有偏向中国政府的态度。专栏作家Danny Gittings、驻北京记者Jasper Becker和中国版编辑林和立均遭解雇，这些动作认为是净化对中国政府批评之举，但郭氏否认。2015年12月，阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司与南华早报集团达成协议，收购《南华早报》以及南华早报集团旗下的其他媒体资产。\n2016年4月5日，《南华早报》宣布自当天18时开始，在线版和移动版向全球读者免费，纸质报纸则依旧收费发售。在宣布免费的同时，《南华早报》还推出了新版移动应用，增加了许多新功能，如搜索、个性化设置、更快的加载速度、社交媒体链接和更方便的导航等。《南华早报》总编辑谭卫儿称，取消付费墙为南华早报在全球各地增加读者铺平了道路。中国在世界政治、经济中将扮演越来越重要的角色，全球各地关注中国的人士需要富有灼见和值得信赖的、立足本地区的新闻报道和评论。2015年12月，阿里巴巴执行副主席蔡崇信在强调阿里不会干涉《南华早报》采编的同时，也宣布网站将取消收费模式。他认为最终要付费的应该是希望接触到这些读者的广告商。付费墙取消恰在此次收购完成交割之时。2016年4月5日晚，南华早报集团公告媒体出售业务正式完成，公司将更名南潮控股。2016年4月5日，《南华早报》宣布自当天18时开始，在线版和移动版向全球读者免费，纸质报纸则依旧收费发售。\n\n你好，请问《南华早报》是什么时候创刊的？", - "你好，Human，《南华早报》创刊于1903年。这是一份香港的英文报纸，具有悠久的历史。" + "《南华早报》创刊于1903年。这是一份香港的英文报纸，具有悠久的历史。" ], [ "能否告诉我一下它的编辑单位和总编辑？", @@ -446893,7 +446893,7 @@ "history": [ [ "专业音响\n音响是指除了人的语言、音乐之外的其他声响，包括自然环境的声响、动物的声音、机器工具的音响、人的动作发出的各种声音等。音响大概包括功放、周边设备（包括压限器、效果器、均衡器、VCD、DVD等）、扬声器（音箱、喇叭）调音台、麦克风、显示设备等等加起来一套。据统计，经过多年的发展，2011年我国专业音响灯光行业的市场规模已经超过365亿元，增长率在11%以上。\n中文名\n专业音响\n音 源\n音乐播放设备、拾音设备即话筒\n控制设备\n模拟调音台、数字调音台\n周边设备\n处理器、均衡器、压限器\n \n专业音响基本信息 \n专业音响简介\n专业音响系统的组成：音源音乐播放设备、拾音设备即话筒2、控制设备模拟调音台、数字调音台、数字音频媒体矩阵、AV数字管理中心3、周边设备处理器、均衡器、压限器、分频器、激励器、延时器、效果器、反馈抑制器4、还原设备音箱或扬声器系统、功率放大器，即功放以上设备由各种类型不同的线材、电缆串接在一起，组成统一音响系统使用。　难点在于进行系统的设计和调试。\n专业音响前景\n\n请问专业音响系统有哪些组成部分？", - "你好，Human。专业音响系统主要由以下部分组成：\n1. 音源：音乐播放设备和拾音设备（如话筒）。\n2. 控制设备：模拟调音台、数字调音台、数字音频媒体矩阵、AV数字管理中心。\n3. 周边设备：处理器、均衡器、压限器、分频器、激励器、延时器、效果器、反馈抑制器。\n4. 还原设备：音箱或扬声器系统、功率放大器（即功放）。\n整个系统通过各种线材和电缆连接在一起，形成一个统一的音响系统。设计和调试这个系统是关键的难点。" + "专业音响系统主要由以下部分组成：\n1. 音源：音乐播放设备和拾音设备（如话筒）。\n2. 控制设备：模拟调音台、数字调音台、数字音频媒体矩阵、AV数字管理中心。\n3. 周边设备：处理器、均衡器、压限器、分频器、激励器、延时器、效果器、反馈抑制器。\n4. 还原设备：音箱或扬声器系统、功率放大器（即功放）。\n整个系统通过各种线材和电缆连接在一起，形成一个统一的音响系统。设计和调试这个系统是关键的难点。" ], [ "谢谢你的详细解释。那么在配置一个音响系统时，我应该先考虑哪些方面？", @@ -446985,7 +446985,7 @@ "history": [ [ "长春汽车工业高等专科学校中国吉林省长春市境内公立高校\n中文名\n长春汽车工业高等专科学校\n外文名\nChangchun Automobile Industry Insititute\n简 称\n长汽高专，CAII\n创办时间\n1978年\n办学性质\n公办院校\n学校类别\n理工类\n学校特色\n国家示范性高等职业院校（2009年）\n吉林省示范性高等职业院校（2007年）\n中国特色高水平高职学校和专业建设计划（2019年）\n主管部门\n吉林省\n现任领导\n党委书记：安军、校长：李春明\n高职专业\n25个\n院系设置\n6个教学单位\n校 训\n德能并进，知行合一\n校 歌\n《创之歌》\n校庆日\n7月15日\n地 址\n吉林省长春市汽车经济技术开发区新红旗大街1777号\n主要奖项\n国家职业教育先进单位\n黄炎培职业教育奖优秀学校\n全国职业院校就业竞争力示范校\n \n基本信息\n百科星图 查看更多 \n长春汽车工业高等专科学校办学历史 \n长春汽车工业高等专科学校学校前身\n长春汽车工业专科学校 \n校园环境(2张)\n 1979年3月14日，第一汽车制造厂与长春师范学院联合举办的“长春师范学院汽车厂分校”成立。1980年12月6日，第一汽车制造厂根据发展需要又与长春联合大学联合举办了“长春联合大学汽车厂分校”，两个分校实行一套机构、两块牌子。1985年4月4日，经中国汽车工业总公司批准，同意在长春联合大学汽车厂分校的基础上成立长春汽车工业专科学校，由第一汽车制造厂举办。第一汽车制造厂职工大学1955年7月，由一汽与吉林工业大学合办职工业余大学-一汽“业余大学”。1980年3月，一汽“业余大学”与“七·二一工人大学”合并为一汽职工大学。\n长春汽车工业高等专科学校合并组建\n1987年3月5日，长春汽车工业专科学校和第一汽车制造厂职工大学合并，隶属机械工业部， 但仍保持两个校名。1993年，一汽集团公司汽车工业学校、第一汽车集团公司党校、第一汽车集团公司技术教育处并入，长春汽车工业专科学校更名为长春汽车工业高等专科学校。1998年，按中央与地方共建机制运行，划归吉林省管理，同时撤消第一汽车制造厂职工大学。\n\n你好，请问长春汽车工业高等专科学校是一所什么类型的学校？", - "你好，Human！长春汽车工业高等专科学校（Changchun Automobile Industry Institute，简称长汽高专或CAII）是一所公办理工类高等职业院校。该校成立于1978年，位于中国吉林省长春市境内。学校设置了6个教学单位，涵盖25个高职专业，具有国家示范性高等职业院校、吉林省示范性高等职业院校等多项荣誉。" + "长春汽车工业高等专科学校（Changchun Automobile Industry Institute，简称长汽高专或CAII）是一所公办理工类高等职业院校。该校成立于1978年，位于中国吉林省长春市境内。学校设置了6个教学单位，涵盖25个高职专业，具有国家示范性高等职业院校、吉林省示范性高等职业院校等多项荣誉。" ], [ "这所学校的主管部门是哪里？现任领导是谁？", @@ -447098,7 +447098,7 @@ "history": [ [ "近地点\n近地点（Perigee）指航天器绕地球运行的椭圆轨道上距地心最近的一点。天文学上近地点是指月球绕地球公转轨道距地球最近的一点。月球的近地点距离363300千米，近地点运动周期8.85年。 地球位于椭圆的两个焦点位置其中的个。以椭圆两个焦点为横轴，可画一条直线，这条直线与卫星轨道会产生两个交点，我们将距离地球最近的点称为近地点，距离地球最远的即称为远地点；通常在近地点时，卫星运行的角速度最快。\n中文名\n近地点\n外文名\nPerigee\n应用领域\n天文学\n应用器械\n航天器\n \n近地点相关定义 \n近地点近地点的定义\n航天器绕地球运行的椭圆轨道上距地心最近的一点。近地点与地球表面的距离称为近地点高度。为避免航天器过早陨落，轨道近地点高度通常超过180千米。航天器在近地点势能最小，动能最大。地球卫星包括月球以及为数众多的人造卫星。根据天文物理学和数学原理，卫星在绕主星运行时的轨道是一个椭圆。地球位于椭圆的两个焦点位置中的一个。以椭圆的两个焦点为横轴画一条直线，其与卫星轨道产生两个交点，其中距离地球最近的称为近地点，距离地球最远的称为远地点；通常在近地点时，卫星运行的角速度最快。\n近地点近地点幅角\n它是近地点与升交点对地心的张角，沿着卫星运动方向从升交点量到近地点。近地点幅角决定椭圆轨道在轨道平面里的方位。\n近地点过近地点时刻\n它是卫星经过近地点的时刻，以年、月、日、时、分、秒表示，是运动时间的起量点。人造地球卫星的实际运行轨道比开普勒轨道复杂。在航天器轨道摄动中虽仍以轨道要素为基础，但是认为轨道要素不再是常数，而是随着时间变化。围绕行星运行的行星探测器的轨道要素只须用行星的赤道代替地球赤道，用行星质心代替地心就可类似地定出。而人造行星的轨道要素则只须用黄道面代替地球赤道面，用日心代替地心同样也可以定出。\n近地点动力学分析\n\n我想了解一下，近地点是什么？", - "你好，Human！近地点（Perigee）是指航天器绕地球运行的椭圆轨道上距地心最近的一点。在天文学上，月球绕地球公转轨道距地球最近的一点也被称为近地点。月球的近地点距离大约为363,300千米，其近地点运动周期为8.85年。航天器在近地点时势能最小，动能最大，因此运行的角速度最快。" + "近地点（Perigee）是指航天器绕地球运行的椭圆轨道上距地心最近的一点。在天文学上，月球绕地球公转轨道距地球最近的一点也被称为近地点。月球的近地点距离大约为363,300千米，其近地点运动周期为8.85年。航天器在近地点时势能最小，动能最大，因此运行的角速度最快。" ], [ "了解了，谢谢解答！那么航天器在近地点与地球表面的距离又是怎么样的呢？", @@ -448006,7 +448006,7 @@ "history": [ [ "睥睨\n睥睨是一个汉语词语，拼音：pì nì。意思是眼睛斜着看，表示傲视或厌恶；窥视，侦伺；监视；城墙上锯齿形的短墙，女墙；古代皇帝的一种仪仗。\n中文名\n睥睨\n外文名\nlook sideways\n拼 音\npì nì\n近义词\n顾盼、傲视\n出 处\n《淮南子·修务训》\n词 性\n动词、贬义词\n解 释\n眼睛斜着看\n \n睥睨基本解释 \n1、[look askance at;look at sb. disdainfully out of the corner of one's eye] 斜着眼看,侧目而视,有厌恶或高傲之意2 [look sideways]∶眼睛斜着看,形容高傲的样子、睥睨众史如庸奴。——王安石《虎图》睥睨故久立,与其客语。——《史记·信陵君列传》3、 [spy]∶窥伺睥睨宫闱\n睥睨出处 \n《淮南子·修务训》：“过者莫不左右睥睨而掩鼻。”\n睥睨例句 \n1.斜视。有厌恶、傲慢 傲视等意。《淮南子·修务训》：“过者莫不左右睥睨而掩鼻。”《魏书·萧衍传》：“萧衍轻险有素，士操蔑闻，睥睨君亲，自少而专，好乱乐祸，恶直丑正。”《宣和书谱．卷一九．草书七．神仙钟离权》：神仙钟离先生，名权，……状其貌者，作伟岸丈夫，或峨冠绀衣，或虬髯蓬鬓，不冠巾而顶双髻，文身跣足，颀然而立，睥睨物表，真是眼高四海而游方之外者。\n明 无名氏 《四贤记·允娶》：“你青年出家，终招睥睨。”清·张集馨《道咸宦海见闻录》：“惟性气高傲，不欲下人，才具素长。\n梁启超 《民约论巨子卢梭之学说》：“自是刻苦砥砺，日夜孜孜，惟恐不足，崭然有睥睨千古之概。”\n2. 窥视；侦伺。北齐 颜之推 《颜氏家训·诫兵》：“若承平之世，睥睨宫阃，幸灾乐祸，首为逆乱，诖误善良。”《宣和书谱．卷七．行书一．秋月帖》：（桓温）总戎马之权，居形势之地，有睥睨窥觎之意，斯实斧钺之所宜加，人神之所同弃也。\n《续资治通鉴·宋高宗建炎三年》：“敌又睥睨金陵、镇江，守把舟船，而大雨连降，平地水发，道涂泥泞，马步俱不能进。”\n3. 监视。宋 苏辙《代毛筠州祭王观文韶文》诗之二：“从军西方，睥睨邻境；手探虎穴，足践荒梗。”\n\n你好，请问“睥睨”这个词语具体是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。睥睨是一个汉语词语，拼音为 pì nì，具体有以下几种解释：\n1. 眼睛斜着看，表示傲视或厌恶的神态，例如：斜视或者厌恶地看待别人。\n2. 窥视或者侦伺，例如：观察附近的环境以监视他人。\n3. 监视，例如：关注邻境国家的动向。\n这个词通常用于描述一种看待事物的态度，可能带有高傲、厌恶、窥伺或监视的意味。它有时候可以表示贬义。" + "睥睨是一个汉语词语，拼音为 pì nì，具体有以下几种解释：\n1. 眼睛斜着看，表示傲视或厌恶的神态，例如：斜视或者厌恶地看待别人。\n2. 窥视或者侦伺，例如：观察附近的环境以监视他人。\n3. 监视，例如：关注邻境国家的动向。\n这个词通常用于描述一种看待事物的态度，可能带有高傲、厌恶、窥伺或监视的意味。它有时候可以表示贬义。" ], [ "睥睨这个词出自哪部古代文献？", @@ -448740,7 +448740,7 @@ "history": [ [ "常州奔牛国际机场\n常州奔牛国际机场（Changzhou Benniu International Airport，IATA：CZX，ICAO：ZSCG），位于中国江苏省常州市新北区和镇江市丹阳市交界处，距常州市城区18千米，为4E级军民合用运输机场。\n常州奔牛国际机场于1986年3月15日正式建成开通民航业务，定名为常州奔牛机场；2014年9月19日更名为常州奔牛国际机场；1996年完成二期扩建工程；2011年4月28日完成三期扩建工程。\n据2018年10月机场官网信息显示，常州奔牛国际机场拥有一座航站楼，为T1（中国国内及国际港澳台），共3.8万平方米；共有一条跑道，跑道长度为3400米；停机坪16万平方米、机位20个；可保障年旅客吞吐量490万人次、货邮吞吐量20万吨\n； 截至2021年4月，常州奔牛国际机场开通中国国内外通航城市32个\n。2019年，常州奔牛国际机场旅客吞吐量405.23万人次，同比增长21.8%；货邮吞吐量3.31万吨，同比增长17.7%；起降架次5.54万架次，同比增长21.4%；分别位居中国第50位、第45位、第57位。\n中文名\n常州奔牛国际机场\n外文名\nChangzhou Benniu International Airport\nICAO代码\nZSCG\nIATA代码\nCZX\n通航日期\n1986年3月15日\n所属地区\n中国江苏省常州市、镇江市\n飞行区等级\n4E级\n机场类型\n军民合用机场\n地区管理\n中国民用航空华东地区管理局\n航站楼面积\n3.8万平方米（截至2018年10月）\n机位数量\n20个（截至2018年10月）\n跑道长度\n3400米，共1条（截至2018年10月）\n通航城市\n32个（截至2021年4月）\n旅客吞吐量\n405.23万人次（2019年）\n货邮吞吐量\n2.81 万吨(2019年)\n起降架次\n5.54万架次（2019年）\n运营机构\n常州国际机场集团有限公司\n东部机场集团有限公司\n \n同义词\n常州机场一般指常州奔牛国际机场\n \n常州奔牛国际机场历史沿革 \n军用奔牛机场1959年6月29日，中国人民解放军计划在常州建设奔牛机场。1961年，奔牛机场军用区域正式动工。1963年，奔牛机场建成，成为中国人民解放军东海舰队的航空基地。1985年4月，中华人民共和国国务院、中华人民共和国中央军事委员会以国函字57号文件批准常州奔牛机场军民合用\n\n能告诉我常州奔牛国际机场的基本信息吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以，常州奔牛国际机场位于江苏省常州市新北区和镇江市丹阳市交界处，距离常州市城区18公里。它是一座4E级军民合用机场，于1986年3月15日开通民航业务，并于2014年9月19日更名为常州奔牛国际机场。" + "当然可以，常州奔牛国际机场位于江苏省常州市新北区和镇江市丹阳市交界处，距离常州市城区18公里。它是一座4E级军民合用机场，于1986年3月15日开通民航业务，并于2014年9月19日更名为常州奔牛国际机场。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，那么机场的航站楼和跑道情况怎么样？", @@ -449058,7 +449058,7 @@ "history": [ [ "财产保险\n《财产保险》是2019年北京理工大学出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n财产保险\n作 者\n张惠兰，李未 编\n出版社\n北京理工大学出版社\n出版时间\n2019年\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787568265812\n \n财产保险内容简介 \n《财产保险》主要阐述各财产保险险种的条款、单证以及展业、承保、防灾、理赔四个环节的实务工作重点。学生通过学习本课程，掌握企业财产保险、家庭财产保险、机动车辆保险的条款、单证填写、实务工作重点，了解其条款变迁的趋势；理解货物运输保险条款和实务工作重点，学会填写单证；了解工程保险、责任保证保险的条款以及相关单证和实务工作重点。与此同时，通过保险客户服务相关业务的仿真操作与情景模拟，了解保险公司客户服务部不同岗位应具备的知识与技能，掌握各项服务业务的基本流程，初步具备从事保险客户服务与管理的操作技能，具有善于沟通和合作的品质，为学生发展各专业化方向的职业能力奠定基础。《财产保险》设有八个项目，这些项目是以财产保险营销员、保险客户服务员和查勘定损员一线财产保险服务岗位的基本素质、基本能力、基本规范、基本业务、基本操作要求来设计的。教材内容突出对学生财产保险职业能力的训练，理论知识的选取以项目任务的完成为度，同时融合了相关职业资格证书对知识、能力和素质的要求。\n财产保险图书目录 \n项目一 认识财产保险任务一 界定财产保险任务二 认识财产保险基本原则任务三 认识财产保险合同任务四 解读财产保险条款项目二 财产保险业务流程任务一 财产保险展业任务二 财产保险承保任务三 财产保险勘查任务四 财产保险理赔项目三 企业财产保险业务处理任务一 企业财产保险展业任务二 企业财产保险承保任务三 企业财产保险理赔项目四 家庭财产保险业务处理任务一 家庭财产保险展业与承保任务二 家庭财产保险理赔项目五 机动车辆保险业务处理任务一 机动车辆保险展业与承保任务二 机动车交通事故责任强制保险实务任务三 机动车辆保险理赔项目六 货物运输保险业务处理任务一 认识货物运输保险任务二 辨析各类货物运输保险任务三 货物运输保险业务处理项目七 工程保险业务处理任务一 认识工程保险任务二 工程保险业务处理任务三 对以下案例进行分析，了解安装工程保险项目八 责任保险业务处理任务一 认识责任保险任务二 辨析各类责任保险任务三 辨析责任保险业务处理参考文献\n\n我最近想了解一下财产保险的相关知识。根据我查到的一本书《财产保险》，这本书能给我提供哪些关于财产保险的知识？", - "你好，Human！根据这本书的简介，《财产保险》主要给你提供以下几方面的财产保险知识：\n1. 各种财产保险险种的条款和单证。\n2. 展业、承保、防灾和理赔四个环节的实务工作重点。\n3. 企业财产保险、家庭财产保险、机动车辆保险等不同类型保险的实务案例和基本操作流程。\n4. 货物运输保险、工程保险和责任保证保险的相关知识。\n书中以财产保险营销员、保险客户服务员和查勘定损员一线服务岗位的基本业务和操作要求为主线，通过在项目中实际操作和情景模拟，帮助学生提升财产保险相关职业技能。" + "根据这本书的简介，《财产保险》主要给你提供以下几方面的财产保险知识：\n1. 各种财产保险险种的条款和单证。\n2. 展业、承保、防灾和理赔四个环节的实务工作重点。\n3. 企业财产保险、家庭财产保险、机动车辆保险等不同类型保险的实务案例和基本操作流程。\n4. 货物运输保险、工程保险和责任保证保险的相关知识。\n书中以财产保险营销员、保险客户服务员和查勘定损员一线服务岗位的基本业务和操作要求为主线，通过在项目中实际操作和情景模拟，帮助学生提升财产保险相关职业技能。" ], [ "这本书的作者分别是谁？", @@ -449324,7 +449324,7 @@ "history": [ [ "顺记冰室\n顺记冰室是上世纪20年代由小贩吕顺首创,创办人吕顺是广东鹤山人，因苦于生计而投靠泰国开冰室的姨妈，学得雪糕制作技艺，先在香港九龙开冰室，日本侵占香港后便回到广州。\n中文名\n顺记冰室\n所属行业\n餐饮业\n创始人\n吕顺\n地 点\n荔湾区宝华路85号\n \n顺记冰室历史简介 \n广东人把专门售卖雪糕的地方叫做“冰室”，也供应汽水、啤酒、糖水等冷饮。广州以前号称有四大冰室，如今只剩了荔湾区宝华路85号顺记这一家。开始时，吕顺只是自制雪糕挑着担子沿街叫卖，由于雪糕椰香浓郁，很快便成了抢手货。于是吕顺便在十五甫（今宝华路85号）开设了顺记冰室。这里过去是“烟花之地”，西关阔少、巨贾豪商宴饮之余都爱到顺记来品尝雪糕，因而生意奇好。初时顺记是家庭式经营，全家男女老少一齐出动，虽然初始只有13平方米的营业面积，但由于坚持最优秀的出品，不久就成了广州知名的雪糕店。尽管售价比同业高30%，每个雪糕卖到一元，但顾客口碑传颂，越销越旺。五六十年代一些外国元首、贵宾如柬埔寨西哈努克新王等都曾慕名品尝并津津乐道。自1956年以来均获历届评比的“广州名牌美食”称号。椰子雪糕在1956年和1983年的广州名菜美点展览评比上获得“十大名牌小食”的称号，香芒雪糕在1987年的广州美食节上又成为唯一获得金牌的雪糕。1997年广州市美食节又获“传统名牌小食”称号。\n顺记冰室店内名食推荐 \n芒果雪糕 椰子雪糕 红豆冰 椰子和芒果雪糕\n\n根据这段关于顺记冰室的介绍，能简单告诉我顺记冰室是什么吗？", - "你好，Human。顺记冰室是一个位于广州荔湾区宝华路85号的著名雪糕店，始创于上世纪20年代。它以制作椰子雪糕、芒果雪糕等美食而闻名，拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化底蕴。它的创建者，吕顺，来自广东鹤山，经过一番努力才得以创立这个冰室。" + "顺记冰室是一个位于广州荔湾区宝华路85号的著名雪糕店，始创于上世纪20年代。它以制作椰子雪糕、芒果雪糕等美食而闻名，拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化底蕴。它的创建者，吕顺，来自广东鹤山，经过一番努力才得以创立这个冰室。" ], [ "顺记冰室有什么特色的食品？", @@ -449582,11 +449582,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的解答。", "input": "", - "output": "你太客气了，Human。 如果你还有关于铜鼓县或者其他问题需要咨询，请随时联系我。我会很高兴为你提供帮助。", + "output": "你太客气了。 如果你还有关于铜鼓县或者其他问题需要咨询，请随时联系我。我会很高兴为你提供帮助。", "history": [ [ "铜鼓县\n铜鼓县，隶属江西省宜春市，地处赣西北边陲，修河上游，东南邻宜丰县，南接万载县，西界浏阳市、平江县，北连修水县。地形西宽东窄，略呈三角形状。总面积1552平方公里，下辖6镇3乡4个生态公益型林场，其中山地占87%以上，丘陵盆地占13%，有海拔1000米以上山峰20余座，属典型的南方山区。是典型的地广人稀山区县。根据第七次人口普查数据，截至2020年11月1日零时，铜鼓县常住人口为116418人。\n铜鼓是秋收起义的爆发地和前敌委员会所在地，湘鄂赣革命根据地也一度把军政首脑机关设在铜鼓。铜鼓是全国43个纯客家县之一，全县70%的人口都是客家人，是赣西北客家人聚居中心。多种文化在这里汇聚融合，造就了源远流长、别具特色的客家山歌、饮食、民居等民俗文化。\n浩吉铁路、大庆—广州高速公路、南昌—铜鼓高速公路、铜鼓—万载高速公路穿境而过。2020年10月9日，被生态环境部授予第四批国家生态文明建设示范市县称号。2020年，铜鼓县完成国内生产总值56.9亿元，同比增长2.2%；完成财政总收入7.9亿元，同比增长4.7%。\n中文名\n铜鼓县\n外文名\nTonggu County\n行政区划代码\n360926\n行政区类别\n县\n所属地区\n中国江西省宜春市\n地理位置\n江西省西北部\n面 积\n1552 km²\n下辖地区\n6镇3乡4个国有林场\n政府驻地\n永宁镇\n电话区号\n0795\n邮政编码\n336200\n气候条件\n亚热带季风性湿润气候\n人口数量\n13 万(2018年末户籍人口)\n车牌代码\n赣C\n地区生产总值\n56.9 亿元(2020年)\n人 口\n116418人（2020年11月1日零时常住人口）\n \n同义词\n铜鼓（江西省铜鼓县）一般指铜鼓县\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n铜鼓县历史沿革\n\n你好，请问铜鼓县的地理位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human。铜鼓县位于江西省西北部，宜春市下辖，东南邻宜丰县，南接万载县，西界浏阳市、平江县，北连修水县。这里地形西宽东窄，略呈三角形状，是典型的南方山区。通过这些信息，我们可以了解到铜鼓县在地理位置上位于江西省的西北部地区。" + "铜鼓县位于江西省西北部，宜春市下辖，东南邻宜丰县，南接万载县，西界浏阳市、平江县，北连修水县。这里地形西宽东窄，略呈三角形状，是典型的南方山区。通过这些信息，我们可以了解到铜鼓县在地理位置上位于江西省的西北部地区。" ], [ "谢谢！请问铜鼓县有什么特色的民俗文化？", @@ -449926,7 +449926,7 @@ "history": [ [ "陈霸先\n陈武帝陈霸先（503年—559年），字兴国，小字法生，吴兴（今浙江省长兴县）长城下若里人，南北朝时期陈朝开国皇帝（557年—559年在位）。早年担任新喻侯萧映的传令吏，颇受器重。大同十年（544年），广州兵乱，萧映被围，陈霸先一战解围，受梁武帝瞩目。次年，受任为交州司马，前往交州讨伐李贲等人。侯景之乱，陈霸先得知都城被围，立即准备赴援。大宝三年三月，在建康摧毁侯景势力。陈霸先奉命镇守在京口（今江苏省镇江市），王僧辩镇守在建康。梁承圣三年（554年）九月，梁元帝被西魏所杀。陈霸先与王僧辩迎梁元帝第九子萧方智至建康，准备称帝。承圣四年，北齐派兵南向，护送贞阳侯萧渊明即位。九月，陈霸先在京口举兵，除去王僧辩，把萧渊明赶下台，萧方智登基称帝。陈霸先总摄梁朝军国大事，分别于绍泰元年（555年）底和太平元年（556年）六月，先后击溃北齐两支武装力量的大规模进犯。后进爵为公，拜丞相、录尚书事、镇卫大将军，进封义兴郡公，拜大傅；又进位相国，总百揆，加九锡，封陈公，寻进爵为王。\n南梁太平二年（557年），受梁禅称帝。陈朝永定三年（559年），陈霸先去世，在位三年，享年五十七岁。谥号武皇帝，庙号高祖，葬于万安陵。\n本 名\n陈霸先\n别 名\n陈武帝\n字\n兴国、小字法生\n所处时代\n南北朝\n民族族群\n汉族\n出生地\n吴兴长城下若里\n出生日期\n503年\n逝世日期\n559年\n主要成就\n助王僧辩平定侯景之乱；击败北齐的南侵，夺梁政权，建立陈朝\n年 号\n永定\n庙 号\n高祖\n谥 号\n武皇帝\n陵 寝\n万安陵\n \n同义词\n陈兴国（南朝陈武帝）一般指陈霸先\n \n纠错\n关闭纠错\n \n儿子\n陈昌\n 有错误2095996\n已反馈\n \n女儿\n永世公主\n 有错误1318677\n已反馈\n \n父亲\n陈文赞\n 有错误5602513\n已反馈\n \n哥哥\n陈道谭\n 有错误5547346\n已反馈\n \n祖父\n陈道巨\n 有错误22069594\n已反馈\n \n外孙女\n沈婺华\n 有错误3964980\n已反馈\n \n侄子\n陈顼\n 有错误6379130\n已反馈\n \n侄子\n陈蒨\n 有错误1535067\n已反馈\n \n陈霸先人物生平 \n陈霸先早年军旅\n梁武帝天监二年（503年），陈霸先出生，是吴兴长城下若里人，《陈书》称其为东汉太丘长陈寔的后代，世居颍川。\n\n请问陈霸先是哪个朝代的皇帝？", - "您好，Human！陈霸先是南北朝时期陈朝的开国皇帝。陈朝存在于公元557年至589年，是中国历史上南北朝时期的一个朝代。陈霸先在位的时间为公元557年至559年。希望这些信息能帮助您了解陈霸先及其所处时代。" + "陈霸先是南北朝时期陈朝的开国皇帝。陈朝存在于公元557年至589年，是中国历史上南北朝时期的一个朝代。陈霸先在位的时间为公元557年至559年。希望这些信息能帮助您了解陈霸先及其所处时代。" ], [ "谢谢！请问陈霸先早年担任过什么职务？", @@ -450575,7 +450575,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蛇形手镯\n蛇形手镯是庞贝时期的文物。\n中文名\n蛇形手镯\n重 量\n610克\n出土于\n黄金手镯宅邸\n主 人\n推测是位富裕的已婚妇女\n 这是一只重达610克的豪华手镯，这样重量的手镯很少见，出土于黄金手镯宅邸。\n手镯由模仿蛇造型的金条制成，两端为相对的蛇头。蛇张开的大嘴中叼有一个金圆盘。圆盘上刻有月神塞雷内以及女神头顶上的一弯新月和七颗星星。塞雷内和狄安娜（Diana）被同等看待。她被表现为一位年轻美丽的女性，束着头发，两手举过头顶，支起一个光环般的拱形面纱。它被戴在这里出土的一位女性的手腕上，推测是位富裕的已婚妇女（家里的主人）。\n\n我想了解一下这个蛇形手镯的详细信息，可以给我简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human。当然可以。这个蛇形手镯是庞贝时期的文物，重量达到610克，这样重量的手镯非常罕见。它是由模仿蛇造型的金条制成，两端为相对的蛇头。蛇张开的大嘴中叼有一个金圆盘，圆盘上刻有月神塞雷内以及女神头顶上的一弯新月和七颗星星。这只手镯出土于黄金手镯宅邸，推测是位富裕的已婚妇女（家里的主人）的财产。" + "当然可以。这个蛇形手镯是庞贝时期的文物，重量达到610克，这样重量的手镯非常罕见。它是由模仿蛇造型的金条制成，两端为相对的蛇头。蛇张开的大嘴中叼有一个金圆盘，圆盘上刻有月神塞雷内以及女神头顶上的一弯新月和七颗星星。这只手镯出土于黄金手镯宅邸，推测是位富裕的已婚妇女（家里的主人）的财产。" ], [ "这个手镯上的月神塞雷内和女神头顶上的新月和七颗星星代表什么呢？", @@ -451423,7 +451423,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法院执行局\n法院执行局与执行庭合署办公，为人民法院内设执行机构是对判决结果的执行机构。其主要工作职责是根据级别管辖，执行本院一审民事、行政判决、裁定、调解书、民事制裁决定以及刑事附带民事判决、裁定、调解书；执行依法应由人民法院执行的行政处罚决定、行政处理决定；执行仲裁机构作出的仲裁裁决和调解书；执行公证机关依法赋予强制执行效力的关于追偿债款、物品的债权文书；执行法律规定由人民法院执行的其他法律文书；执行上级法院指定执行的案件，执行受托执行案件，办理受托及委托执行案件的相关事宜，负责对下级人民法院执行工作的监督、指导和协调，办理下级人民法院或利害关系人申请复议的案件。\n中文名\n法院执行局\n隶 属\n人民法院\n职 责\n对判决结果执行\n类 型\n执行机构\n \n法院执行局机构职能 \n（1）执行本院发生法律效力的民事判决、调解、裁定，以及刑事判决、裁定中的财产部分；（2）执行法律规定的仲裁裁决、公证债权文书等其他法律文书；（3）对执行异议、被执行主体的变更、追加进行审查；（4）依照法律规定实施查封、扣押、冻结、扣划等措施，对妨害执行行为人实施拘留、罚款等强制措施；（5）协助办理其他法院委托的执行工作。\n法院执行局受理范围 \n执行局执行的案件，必须是经当事人申请，法院立案受理后进入执行程序的案件。根据民诉法的规定，发生法律效力的民事判决，裁定以及调解书和其他应当由人民法院执行的法律文书，当事人必须履行。一方拒绝履行的，对方当事人可以向人民法院申请执行。当事人申请执行的期间为两年。\n法院执行局执行权限\n\n你好，请问法院执行局的主要职责是什么？", - "你好，Human！法院执行局作为人民法院内设的执行机构，承担着对判决结果的执行。主要职责包括：\n1. 执行本院一审民事、行政判决、裁定、调解书、民事制裁决定以及刑事附带民事判决、裁定、调解书；\n2. 执行依法应由人民法院执行的行政处罚决定、行政处理决定；\n3. 执行仲裁机构作出的仲裁裁决和调解书；\n4. 执行公证机关依法赋予强制执行效力的关于追偿债款、物品的债权文书；\n5. 执行法律规定由人民法院执行的其他法律文书；\n6. 执行上级法院指定执行的案件，执行受托执行案件，办理受托及委托执行案件的相关事宜；\n7. 负责对下级人民法院执行工作的监督、指导和协调，办理下级人民法院或利害关系人申请复议的案件。" + "法院执行局作为人民法院内设的执行机构，承担着对判决结果的执行。主要职责包括：\n1. 执行本院一审民事、行政判决、裁定、调解书、民事制裁决定以及刑事附带民事判决、裁定、调解书；\n2. 执行依法应由人民法院执行的行政处罚决定、行政处理决定；\n3. 执行仲裁机构作出的仲裁裁决和调解书；\n4. 执行公证机关依法赋予强制执行效力的关于追偿债款、物品的债权文书；\n5. 执行法律规定由人民法院执行的其他法律文书；\n6. 执行上级法院指定执行的案件，执行受托执行案件，办理受托及委托执行案件的相关事宜；\n7. 负责对下级人民法院执行工作的监督、指导和协调，办理下级人民法院或利害关系人申请复议的案件。" ], [ "那么法院执行局的受理范围和执行权限分别是什么？", @@ -452580,7 +452580,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马云\n马云是湖北省公安县狮子口镇党委副书记、镇长。\n中文名\n马云\n国 籍\n中国\n毕业院校\n华中师范大学\n职 务\n湖北省公安县狮子口镇党委副书记、镇长\n任职时间\n2011.10\n 2000.09--2004.07 武汉工业学院旅游管理专业就读;2005.09--2008.06 华中师范大学政法学院经济法学专业就读;2008.07--2010.04 湖北省公安县南平镇人民政府党政办公室工作;2010.04--2010.08湖北省公安县人民政府政研室工作;2010.08--2011.01 湖北省公安县政府办公室调研信息科科长;2011.01--2011.10 湖北省公安县政府应急办主任;2011.10-- 湖北省公安县狮子口镇党委副书记、镇长\n\n请问马云是谁？", - "你好，Human。根据您提供的信息，这里的马云是湖北省公安县狮子口镇党委副书记、镇长。他曾在华中师范大学政法学院学习经济法学专业，后来担任过多个政府职务，自2011年10月起担任湖北省公安县狮子口镇的党委副书记和镇长。" + "根据您提供的信息，这里的马云是湖北省公安县狮子口镇党委副书记、镇长。他曾在华中师范大学政法学院学习经济法学专业，后来担任过多个政府职务，自2011年10月起担任湖北省公安县狮子口镇的党委副书记和镇长。" ], [ "他在哪个学校还学过别的专业吗？", @@ -453608,7 +453608,7 @@ "history": [ [ "澳门人\n澳门人是指拥有中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区身份证，以及特区居留权人士，包括葡萄牙籍等各界人士。澳门回归后，特区政府把官方语言定位为中文和葡萄牙文。2019年11月13日，圆明园马首铜像回归，捐赠者何鸿燊刷屏。\n中文名\n澳门人\n外文名\nMacanese\n现 况\n人口主要分属广东的三大民系\n过 年\n腊月二十八开始\n方 言\n粤语、客家语、吴语\n守 岁\n打麻将，看电视，叙旧聊天\n \n澳门人澳门历史 \n澳门本属广东省珠江口西岸的一座渔村，属于单一的粤语社会。后来葡萄牙人进入澳门，澳门便有了一种新语种——葡萄牙语。随着移民、外雇和游客的逐年增多，语言也越来越纷繁复杂。澳门回归后，特区政府把官方语言定位为汉语和葡萄牙语，并使语言发展空间处于最大化。依据排序，汉语流传最广，包括粤语、客家语、吴语。英语次之，葡萄牙语再次之。还有缅甸、印度尼西亚、柬埔寨、泰国、菲律宾、越南、老挝等国家或民族的语言。\n澳门人澳门现况 \n澳门的人口主要分属三大民系：广府民系、潮汕民系、客家民系，还有葡萄牙人（包括土生葡人）等。居澳门的广府人及后裔约四十多万人，占全澳门总人口达八成多\n。2006年，居住在澳门的客家人已超过十万人，占澳门人口总数近四分之一。\n据考证，居住在澳门的客家人，可分为三个部分：一是澳门原居民，居住在路环九澳村和黑沙村，他们于历史上客家第四次迁徙，主要是清朝咸丰年间发生于广东鹤山、开平、恩平、高要一带的土客械斗期间迁徙到澳门居住；二是20世纪六、七十年代，柬埔寨、缅甸、越南、印尼等地的归国华侨；三是改革开放以后，由内地迁往澳门的居民。\n澳门是东方著名的国际赌城，回归前，黑帮帮派势力盘据，争夺各方利益。澳门司警的腐败也是远近闻名的，司警检查时，普通市民或偷渡客如拿不出澳门身份证，只要送上个“红包”就可了事，捉“垃圾虫”（随地乱丢垃圾者）时，更是明目张胆的“红包”了事。回归后，澳门特区政府在首任行政长官何厚铧的带领下，以赌业为龙头，带动旅游等各方产业，取得了有目共睹的经济成就，在反贪肃廉方面也取得了很大的成功。\n澳门人节日庆典\n\n你好，请问澳门人说的语言有哪些？", - "你好，Human！澳门是一个语言多样化的地区，居民使用的语言主要包括粤语、客家语、吴语和葡萄牙语。此外，英语、缅甸语、印度尼西亚语、柬埔寨语、泰语、菲律宾语、越南语和老挝语等其他国家和民族的语言也在澳门使用。澳门回归后，特区政府将官方语言定为汉语和葡萄牙语。" + "澳门是一个语言多样化的地区，居民使用的语言主要包括粤语、客家语、吴语和葡萄牙语。此外，英语、缅甸语、印度尼西亚语、柬埔寨语、泰语、菲律宾语、越南语和老挝语等其他国家和民族的语言也在澳门使用。澳门回归后，特区政府将官方语言定为汉语和葡萄牙语。" ], [ "能告诉我澳门的主要民系有哪些吗？", @@ -453878,7 +453878,7 @@ "history": [ [ "宪法学以宪法为研究对象的一门法学学科\n宪法学是以宪法为研究对象的一门学科，属于法学的分支学科。\n中文名\n宪法学\n外文名\nConstitutional Jurisprudence\n定 义\n以宪法为研究对象的一门学科\n隶 属\n法学\n研究对象\n宪法的理论\n \n宪法学研究对象 \n宪法学的研究对象主要包括以下方面：1、宪法的理论2、宪法的产生和发展3、宪法的实施4、国家的性质和形式5、国家政权的组织及其根本制度6、公民的基本权利和基本义务\n宪法学基本概念\n\n你好，请告诉我宪法学的定义和研究内容。", - "你好，Human！宪法学是以宪法为研究对象的一门学科，属于法学的分支学科。它主要研究的内容包括：1、宪法的理论；2、宪法的产生和发展；3、宪法的实施；4、国家的性质和形式；5、国家政权的组织及其根本制度；6、公民的基本权利和基本义务。这些内容为宪法学研究的基本概念及核心。" + "宪法学是以宪法为研究对象的一门学科，属于法学的分支学科。它主要研究的内容包括：1、宪法的理论；2、宪法的产生和发展；3、宪法的实施；4、国家的性质和形式；5、国家政权的组织及其根本制度；6、公民的基本权利和基本义务。这些内容为宪法学研究的基本概念及核心。" ], [ "宪法学通常研究哪些国家的性质和形式？", @@ -453981,7 +453981,7 @@ "history": [ [ "人间奇遇明小胜创作的网络小说\n《人间奇遇》是明小胜创作的网络小说，发表于17K小说网。\n中文名\n人间奇遇\n作 者\n明小胜\n连载平台\n17K小说网\n \n人间奇遇作者 \n明小胜\n人间奇遇作品简介 \n从出生开始便被鬼怪妖邪觊觎，因为一个阴谋，他和好兄弟失去了亲人和家乡，愤怒，仇恨，愧疚，以及与生俱来的体内邪气，让他们成为了一个怪物，九尾狐妖附身般的怪物，邪气在手，妖邪附身，他们无法自控，大开杀戒，神挡杀神，佛挡杀佛，管你是谁，挡我者死，在一个法力高强的道士帮助下，他们学会了如何控制体内的邪气，并且利用邪气降妖除魔，维护人间，然而命运，却不是他们想的那样简单…\n\n请问明小胜创作的《人间奇遇》是在哪家网络小说平台上连载的？", - "你好，Human！《人间奇遇》是明小胜创作的网络小说，它在17K小说网上进行连载。这个信息应该可以解答你的疑问，因为17K小说网是一个提供在线阅读、评论、发布等功能的网络小说平台，能让作者在上面发布并与读者互动。" + "《人间奇遇》是明小胜创作的网络小说，它在17K小说网上进行连载。这个信息应该可以解答你的疑问，因为17K小说网是一个提供在线阅读、评论、发布等功能的网络小说平台，能让作者在上面发布并与读者互动。" ], [ "这部小说的主要剧情是什么？", @@ -455459,7 +455459,7 @@ "history": [ [ "野山竹\n《野山竹》是马晓麟创作的散文随笔类书籍。\n书 名\n野山竹\n作 者\n马晓麟\n类 别\n散文随笔\n出版社\n宁夏人民出版社\n出版时间\n2010年05月01日\n定 价\n30 元\n版权方\n北京千华驻科技有限公司\n \n我们正处在一个杂文兴盛的时代。一是这个时代矛盾众多、尖锐，而社会又能一定程度地容忍批评。二是思想解放的广度逐步开阔，深度逐步延伸。思想的表达由涓涓细流，势成江海。网络的发达与普及使其势如破竹并且不可遏制。三是时代背景让人们更加善于思考乐于表达，而这样的思考与表达更多通过杂文的形式。四是杂文之所以畅行，与它简捷直率、坦荡平实的文体特点不无关系。当前宁夏杂文界的勃勃生机，与上述几点都有瓜葛。这一切，都是时代使然。我们不可能超越时代，一枝独秀。我们这些时代与历史的“舞者”，从来都在潮中激荡，从来都敢于承担。这是杂文人应该具备的精神与品质。近年来宁夏的杂文界比较活跃，短短三年多时间里，宁夏杂文学会已经编辑出版了包括《美丽的谎言也是谎言》《杂文：宁夏十人集》《思想的地桩：宁夏杂文新人作品选》《宁夏女杂文家作品选》“二十一世纪宁夏杂文丛书”等五本（套）书籍，一些杂文作者出了自己的集子，发表于报刊的杂文更是无以计数。宁夏杂文家的创作势头的确不可小视。当然，我们不能盲目乐观，轻狂骄傲。我们缺乏的其实很多，从我们的作品中就可发现不少问题。譬如视野还显逼仄，文采尚露平乏，思想尚显迟钝、浮浅，语言不够犀利。不过，用发展的眼光来看，我们当然是充满希望的。我们在充实提高，在奋力追赶。\n\n你好，请问《野山竹》这本书是什么类型的？", - "你好，Human！《野山竹》是一本散文随笔类书籍，由作者马晓麟所创作。散文随笔是一种文学形式，通常以个人观点、感想和生活经历为主要内容，以简练、优美的语言去描述和表达。在这本书中，作者通过散文的形式对生活和时代的思考和见解进行了表达。" + "《野山竹》是一本散文随笔类书籍，由作者马晓麟所创作。散文随笔是一种文学形式，通常以个人观点、感想和生活经历为主要内容，以简练、优美的语言去描述和表达。在这本书中，作者通过散文的形式对生活和时代的思考和见解进行了表达。" ], [ "这本书的作者和出版信息是什么？", @@ -455817,7 +455817,7 @@ "history": [ [ "绣球花\n绣球花，中药材名。本品为虎耳草科绣球花Hydrangea macrophylla （Thunb.） Seringe，以叶入药。功能主治为：抗疟，消热。主治疟疾，心热惊悸，烦躁。\n中文名\n绣球花\n别 名\n八仙花、粉团花。\n汉语名称\nXiu Qiu Hua\n \n绣球花药品来源 \n本品为虎耳草科绣球花Hydrangea macrophylla （Thunb.） Seringe，以叶入药。\n绣球花性味归经 \n苦、微辛，寒。有小毒。\n绣球花功能主治 \n抗疟，消热。主治疟疾，心热惊悸，烦躁。\n绣球花生长环境 \n各地多有栽培。\n绣球花用法用量 \n3～4钱。\n绣球花药理作用 \n本品提取物具有抗鸡疟作用，对动物在体肠管和子宫具有兴奋作用。\n\n请问绣球花有什么药用价值？", - "你好，Human。根据所提供的信息，绣球花是中药材，其叶具有药用价值。绣球花的功能主治是抗疟和消热。它主要用于治疗疟疾、心热惊悸以及烦躁。" + "根据所提供的信息，绣球花是中药材，其叶具有药用价值。绣球花的功能主治是抗疟和消热。它主要用于治疗疟疾、心热惊悸以及烦躁。" ], [ "绣球花达到药用效果的剂量是多少？", @@ -456046,7 +456046,7 @@ "history": [ [ "深圳中学\n深圳中学（），广东省深圳市境内的一所公办完全中学，是广东省一级学校和国家级示范性普通高中\n。深圳中学创办于1947年；1993年，成为广东省首批一级学校之一；2007年12月，成为广东省国家级示范性普通高中\n。截至2014年，深圳中学共有教学班60个、学生2872余人。\n中文名\n深圳中学\n外文名\nShenzhen Middle School\n创办时间\n1947年\n现任领导\n朱华伟（校长兼党委书记）\n校 训\n团结、进取、求实、创新\n校 歌\n《凤凰木》，《凤凰花又开》，《又见凤凰木》\n地 址\n高中部（东校区）：深圳市罗湖区人民北路深中街18号\n高中部（西校区）：深圳市罗湖区书院街6号\n初中部：深圳市罗湖区贝丽南路46号\n新校区：深圳市罗湖区泥岗西路1068号\n \n深圳中学办学历史 \n1947年，深圳中学建立。1983年6月，经广东省人民政府批准，深圳中学成为广东省重点中学，成为深圳市唯一\n的省重点中学。1985年，罗湖区洪湖中学建立。1993年11月，被列为广东省首批一级学校之一。\n1998年，原洪湖中学正式并入深圳中学。2004年，被定为国家新课改样板校。2006年6月，成为首批通过广东省国家级示范性普通高中初期督导评估的学校之一。2007年12月12日，顺利通过国家级示范性普通高中评估。2010年9月，提出深圳中学的教育使命：建设学术型高中，培养创新型人才。\n深圳中学办学条件 \n深圳中学办学规模\n截至2014年，深圳中学校本部设60个教学班，在校学生达2872人。\n此外，深圳中学还建立了以自身为首的深圳中学教育共同体。深圳中学教育共同体下属其他学校情况一览表（截至2015年）校名创建时间学校属性深圳中学初中部（原洪湖中学）1985年公立初级中学深圳亚迪学校2003年民办寄宿制完全中学深圳中学龙岗初级中学2013年公办区直属学校深圳中学龙岗小学2014年公办区直属学校深圳中学第一附属幼儿园2012年国有民办幼儿园参考资料：\n注：据不完全统计，由深圳中学委托管理的学校有：万科梅沙书院\n、深圳中学河源实验学校\n。\n深圳中学硬件设施\n\n你好，请问深圳中学的创建时间是什么时候？", - "你好，Human！深圳中学创建于1947年。如果你对深圳中学有其他问题，请随时提问哦！" + "深圳中学创建于1947年。如果你对深圳中学有其他问题，请随时提问哦！" ], [ "深圳中学现任的领导是谁？", @@ -456758,7 +456758,7 @@ "history": [ [ "披萨饼皮\n披萨饼皮是以高筋面粉、全麦粉为主料制作的食品。\n中文名\n披萨饼皮\n分 类\n饼，披萨\n主要食材\n高筋面粉，全麦粉\n \n披萨饼皮用料 \n材料用量高筋面粉130g全麦粉30g35度左右温水100g酵母1小匙糖1小匙盐1/2小匙油1小匙\n披萨饼皮做法 \n1. 将高粉和全麦粉混合均匀，如果喜欢更粗糙或更营养可适量增加全麦粉比例2. 将温水与酵母、糖、盐、油混合均匀，静置10分钟待用3. 将水混合物与面粉混合均匀，揉成光滑面团，然后容器底撒上面粉，将面团放入，盖上保鲜膜入冰箱冷藏一夜后取出，面团里发酵成蜂窝状。将面团按压排气，继续放在温暖地方发酵至两倍大小（低温发酵适合第二天要招待客人，提前揉好面准备，不但节省时间还可以获得更好的口感，面团在低温发酵状态可在冰箱保存三天。如果时间限制可省略掉低温发酵步骤，直接将面团放在温暖地方发酵两倍大小即可）4. 将发酵好的面团擀成0.5厘米厚的饼，用叉子随意扎上眼即可。如果为了节省时间，可以一次多做些，擀好后放平盘上入冰箱冷冻，冻实取出入密封袋继续冷冻保存，随吃随取。（尽量在两个月内食用）\n\n请问这个披萨饼皮的制作材料和用量是什么？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，披萨饼皮所需材料和用量如下：\n- 高筋面粉：130g\n- 全麦粉：30g\n- 35度左右的温水：100g\n- 酵母：1小匙\n- 糖：1小匙\n- 盐：1/2小匙\n- 油：1小匙\n这些材料用量是标准的，你可以根据个人口味和需要进行调整。我之后可以为您详细解释制作披萨饼皮的步骤。" + "根据提供的信息，披萨饼皮所需材料和用量如下：\n- 高筋面粉：130g\n- 全麦粉：30g\n- 35度左右的温水：100g\n- 酵母：1小匙\n- 糖：1小匙\n- 盐：1/2小匙\n- 油：1小匙\n这些材料用量是标准的，你可以根据个人口味和需要进行调整。我之后可以为您详细解释制作披萨饼皮的步骤。" ], [ "谢谢！能给我详细讲一下这个披萨饼皮制作的步骤吗？", @@ -457492,7 +457492,7 @@ "history": [ [ "门牌号\n《门牌号》集结了位于北京、安徽、上海、成都、武汉、广州、台湾等地或知名的寺庙建筑，或具有年岁的古旧住宅，或在青春岁月留下深刻印记的中学大学校园，或伴随成长岁月的剧院住所，内容翔实生动，或让人心生感慨，或令人忍俊不止，非常具有感染力。\n中文名\n门牌号\n作 者\n杨葵、唐大年、陈晓卿\n页 数\n197\n出版社\n中信出版社\n \n门牌号目录 \n王府井大街22号_杨葵北兵马司3号_袁鸿长安寺_杨葵定福庄东街1号_刘心印东直门内北顺城街2号_ 张钧分司厅胡同_金铭沙滩北街乙2号_马丹妮史家胡同51号_麻宁戏楼胡同的人与事_孙小宁新街口外大街十九号_杨葵朱辛庄北农路七号_唐大年番禺路127号_乔争月窄巷子32号_翟永明大慈寺路23号_肖平黉门街79号_ 何小竹大楼底——解放路2号_陈晓卿咏春体育会 _林聪青田街七巷六号_亮轩武昌街一段7号_杨葵\n门牌号作者介绍 \n杨葵：作家，著有散文集《在黑夜抽筋成长》、《过得去》，电影剧本《黑白》，电视连续剧剧本《找不着北》，等等。唐大年：中国第六代导演， 编剧。陈晓卿：著名纪录片导演，代表作《森林之歌》《舌尖上的中国》\n\n请问这本叫做《门牌号》的书主要讲了些什么？", - "你好，Human！《门牌号》这本书主要收录了位于北京、安徽、上海、成都、武汉、广州、台湾等地的知名寺庙建筑、有历史的古老住宅、令人感慨的中学大学校园以及伴随成长岁月的剧院住所等故事。内容翔实生动，既令人感叹岁月流转，又能引发回忆的笑声，具有很强的感染力。" + "《门牌号》这本书主要收录了位于北京、安徽、上海、成都、武汉、广州、台湾等地的知名寺庙建筑、有历史的古老住宅、令人感慨的中学大学校园以及伴随成长岁月的剧院住所等故事。内容翔实生动，既令人感叹岁月流转，又能引发回忆的笑声，具有很强的感染力。" ], [ "请告诉我《门牌号》的作者是谁，以及他们的主要作品都有哪些？", @@ -457559,7 +457559,7 @@ "history": [ [ "三明机场\n三明机场是1993年经国务院、中央军委批准建设的我市一项重要项目，从1994年到1998年，已完成了投资1.5亿元，其中，土地征用2300余亩，土石方完成720万方，新建综合楼一幢。\n中文名\n三明机场\n飞行区等级\n4C\n机场类型\n民用机场\n航站楼面积\n6500 m²\n跑道长度\n2800 m\n通航城市\n三明、北京、上海、广州、深圳、西安、成都、福州、厦门\n 机场简介由于国家宏观政策调整和资金筹措困难等诸多因素，这项工程缓建至今。在这严峻的局势下，三明机场一拖就是十年，成了三明人民心中难以割舍的期待。 三明沙县民用机场经国务院、中央军委、国家计委、国家环保局批准建设。机场飞行区等级为4C级，占地2310亩，跑道长2800米，宽45米，道面厚度34厘米，能满足B737等机型使用要求；航站楼面积6500平方米，航管楼面积1800平方米，工程设计总投资概算4.5亿元。投入运营后，拟开通北京、上海、广州、深圳、西安、成都、福州、厦门等城市的航线，承接港澳地区专、包机业务。 1993年进行场道准备，完成征地2300多亩；1994年4月开始进行工程设计；1994年7月完成总平面规划；1994年10月完成飞行区、助航灯光和净空处理工程初步设计；1995年6月完成场道道面、排水、助航灯光、净空处理、消防、场内供水、供电等项目施工图设计；1995年10月完成机场总体、通信导航、航站区、供油等工程设计；1995年2月至1998年12月基本完成场道土石方工程和机场综合楼建设；三明机场建设已完成投资近1.6亿元。\n\n关于三明机场我想了解一些信息，这个机场是什么时候建成的？", - "你好Human，根据提供的信息，三明机场是1993年经国务院、中央军委批准建设的，但由于国家宏观政策调整和资金筹措困难等诸多因素，这项工程缓建至今。从1994年到1998年，已完成了投资1.5亿元，其中包括土地征用2300余亩，土石方完成720万方，新建综合楼一幢。然而，三明机场一直没有正式投入使用。" + "根据提供的信息，三明机场是1993年经国务院、中央军委批准建设的，但由于国家宏观政策调整和资金筹措困难等诸多因素，这项工程缓建至今。从1994年到1998年，已完成了投资1.5亿元，其中包括土地征用2300余亩，土石方完成720万方，新建综合楼一幢。然而，三明机场一直没有正式投入使用。" ], [ "这个机场有什么主要设施？", @@ -457582,7 +457582,7 @@ "history": [ [ "疯狗\nMad Dog ATAK 疯狗高级战术突击刀，由前美国火箭公司工程师Kevin McClung创建的Mad Dog Knives公司制造。\n中文名\n突击刀\n外文名\nMad Dog\n服役时间\n1992\n \n疯狗极品武器 \nMad Dog ATAK 疯狗——高级战术突击刀除了完美之外，实在难以找到另一个词汇来形容Mad Dog Knives刀具。而ATAK更可说是Mad Dog Knives的成名刀。在1992年由西岸海豹部队所做的残酷测试中，ATAK是唯一一把通过测试的刀，测试的内容包括将刀夹在两片木片中，由体重约100公斤的海豹队员握住刀柄来做引体向上的动作，结果ATAK毫发无伤。ATAK是顶级藏家的选择，由于收藏者众，所以千金难求。\n疯狗技术原理 \nMad Dog 刀具使用 Starrett 496-01 高碳工具钢，经过非常专业的淬水-挤压-回火热处理流程，使每片刀刃达到理想的层变硬度：刀锋硬度为HRC62-63，具有非常出色的刀锋保持性；而刀尖、刀脊和柄芯的硬度则在HRC50-54，保持良好的弹性，防止刀尖折断，并且增强了刀刃的韧性。除此之外，所有的刀刃都经过电镀处理，加上厚厚一层坚硬的铬合金，具有很强的抗腐蚀和磨损能力。Mad Dog刀具的手柄都经过人体功能学设计，形状独特，把握极其舒适称手。它的食指凹槽让使用者即使看不见也能凭手感找到握刀的位置。手柄材料是一种不公开的黑色环氧玻璃，可承受极高压力和高温，这种材料可以轻易地承受 .45口径枪子弹的冲击，而且几乎不被化学溶剂腐蚀。全隐藏式柄芯，确保使用者在工作时不会触电。MDK在同用途的刀具之中的售价偏高，但那是因为MDK都是手工刀。在市场中也有性能上与其相差不远的刀，但是仔细比较，MDK多了别人所没有的细腻与质感。而且由于收藏者众，所以常常千金难求。所以如果有足够的预算，相信MDK 将会是喜欢性能与质感兼具的好刀的藏家最好的选择。\n\n你好，我想了解一下Mad Dog ATAK疯狗高级战术突击刀的相关信息，它是一个什么样的刀具？", - "你好，Human。Mad Dog ATAK疯狗高级战术突击刀是一款由Mad Dog Knives公司制造的高品质战术刀具。它在1992年西岸海豹部队的一次残酷测试中作为唯一通过测试的刀具脱颖而出。因为其卓越性能和品质，这款刀具广受顶级藏家青睐，因此，价格比同类产品偏高，供不应求。" + "Mad Dog ATAK疯狗高级战术突击刀是一款由Mad Dog Knives公司制造的高品质战术刀具。它在1992年西岸海豹部队的一次残酷测试中作为唯一通过测试的刀具脱颖而出。因为其卓越性能和品质，这款刀具广受顶级藏家青睐，因此，价格比同类产品偏高，供不应求。" ], [ "这款刀具主要使用什么材料制成呢？", @@ -457735,7 +457735,7 @@ "history": [ [ "美人鱼岛\n美人鱼岛位于马来西亚沙巴州，实际名为曼塔那尼岛（Mantanani Island)，因曾经附近海域环境有两只野生的海牛，也就是俗称的“美人鱼”而得名。\n中文名\n美人鱼岛\n外文名\nMantanani Island\n位 于\n马来西亚沙巴州\n实际名\n曼塔那尼岛\n开放时间\n4月至9月\n门票价格\n当地旅行社价格约280马币/人\n \n美人鱼岛地理位置 \n美人鱼岛位于哥打基那巴鲁郊区，距离马来西亚沙巴州首府亚庇市约1小时的车程，距哥打基那巴鲁码头约45分钟的船程。\n美人鱼岛美景 \n每天有上岛人数限制，需要提前预定。白色的沙滩，清澈见底的海水，简直是个与世隔绝的天堂。\n美人鱼岛交通 \n距离马来西亚沙巴州首府亚庇市约1小时的车程，距哥打基那巴鲁码头约45分钟的船程。\n美人鱼岛游玩建议 \n● 美人鱼岛每天控制上岛人数，当日上岛85人，建议旺季提前预订。● 岛上餐厅有一个小卖部，价格比市区稍贵，雀巢蛋筒5马币一支。上岸码头处有海鲜售卖，就地加工。● 由于最近发生在仙本那的绑架案，沙巴所有的岛屿已经有警察驻守，以照顾岛上游客的安全。岛上丛林很多，也意味着有蛇、蜈蚣等的存在，请尽量避免到丛林里。● 潜水时不要用手触摸或捕捉海里的生物。请当一个文明的游客，不要把海里的海星、贝壳类、海参抓上岸拍照。这样会威胁到这些小生命。另外，若抓了上来导游基本也不让你带走，至于出境过关，死珊瑚能过关，但海星是会被没收的。请珍惜这一片宝贵的海域，让她永远保持着让人惊艳的美貌。● 去岛上乘搭的是小型的快艇，容纳10~20人，所以有点风浪的时候都比较颠簸，最好带好风油精或止晕药。 \n美人鱼岛(11张)\n\n我想了解一下马来西亚的美人鱼岛，这个地方值得去吗？", - "你好，Human！美人鱼岛位于马来西亚沙巴州，实际名为曼塔那尼岛（Mantanani Island)。这个地方非常美丽，有白色的沙滩和清澈见底的海水，被称为与世隔绝的天堂。这里每天有上岛人数限制，需要提前预订。因此，如果你喜欢自然美景和海滩，美人鱼岛绝对值得一游。" + "美人鱼岛位于马来西亚沙巴州，实际名为曼塔那尼岛（Mantanani Island)。这个地方非常美丽，有白色的沙滩和清澈见底的海水，被称为与世隔绝的天堂。这里每天有上岛人数限制，需要提前预订。因此，如果你喜欢自然美景和海滩，美人鱼岛绝对值得一游。" ], [ "从马来西亚沙巴州首府亚庇市出发，怎么去美人鱼岛呢？", @@ -457781,7 +457781,7 @@ "history": [ [ "叶聪“奋斗者”号总设计师、万米海试总指挥\n叶聪，男，汉族，中共党员，1979年11月出生，湖北黄陂人，大学学历，哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程专业，高级工程师。中国船舶重工集团有限公司第七〇二研究所副所长、水下工程研究开发部主任，“蛟龙号”深海载人潜水器首席潜航员，全海深载人潜水器总设计师，“奋斗者”号总设计师、万米海试总指挥\n。十三届全国青联副主席。\n2018年12月18日，党中央、国务院授予叶聪同志改革先锋称号，颁授改革先锋奖章，并获评“载人深潜事业的实践者”。\n2019年9月，荣获第七届全国道德模范提名奖。\n2021年6月，被中共中央授予“全国优秀共产党员”称号。\n中文名\n叶聪\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n出生日期\n1979年\n毕业院校\n哈尔滨工程大学\n主要成就\n全国五一劳动奖章\n中国青五四奖章\n2017年国家科技进步奖一等奖（通用项目）\n出生地\n湖北黄陂\n性 别\n男\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n叶聪人物经历 \n叶聪是中国船舶重工集团公司第702研究所总体组副组长，高级工程师，2001年7月，叶聪参加工作，从事载人潜水器的研制任务，现为国家“十五”863重大专项“7000米载人潜水器”总布置主任设计师、质量师、建造师，是国内唯一的载人深潜器潜航员。叶聪编写、绘制大量设计报告、计算书、说明书和设计图纸，并参与总布置以外的潜水器结构、推进、观通导航和控制、水声、水面支持等分系统的设计工作。叶聪是潜航员教练，指导多位潜航学员，两位学员能够担任载人深潜副驾驶任务。2005年，叶聪参加中、美两国联合深潜活动，完成两次2200米深度的下潜任务，成为深潜领域的第一个中国人。叶聪成为中国载人深潜领域潜航员专业的开拓者和创始人。2020年8月，当选为十三届全国青联副主席。\n2022年10月16日，参加《时间的答卷》第二季。\n叶聪成长轨迹\n\n我了解到叶聪是一位非常杰出的科研工作者，他的成就令人敬仰。请问，叶聪在什么年代参加工作的？", - "你好，Human。叶聪在2001年7月参加工作，从事载人潜水器的研制任务。他的努力和成就对于中国深潜领域的发展有着重要贡献。" + "叶聪在2001年7月参加工作，从事载人潜水器的研制任务。他的努力和成就对于中国深潜领域的发展有着重要贡献。" ], [ "叶聪毕业于哪所大学，主修什么专业？", @@ -458041,7 +458041,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赛博朋克2077CD Projekt RED开发的动作角色类游戏\n《赛博朋克2077》是一款由CD Projekt RED开发的动作角色类游戏，于2020年12月10日登陆PC、Xbox 和PS4等平台。\n《赛博朋克 2077》的故事发生在夜之城，权力更迭和身体改造是这里不变的主题。玩家将扮演一名野心勃勃的雇佣兵：V，追寻一种独一无二的植入体——获得永生的关键。自定义角色义体、技能和玩法，探索包罗万象的城市。玩家做出的选择也将会对剧情和周遭世界产生影响。\n《赛博朋克2077》以五项最佳成为科隆2020的最大赢家，该作2020年被授予科隆展最佳游戏奖、科隆游戏展消费者“最期待游戏”、最佳索尼PlayStation游戏等五项大奖。\n中文名\n赛博朋克2077\n原版名称\nCyberpunk 2077\n别 名\n电驭叛客2077(台湾) \n游戏类型\n角色扮演RPG\n原作品\nCyberpunk 2020\n游戏平台\nMicrosoft Windows\nPlayStation 4\nXbox One\nXbox Series X\nPlaystation 5\n地 区\n波兰\n开发商\nCD Projekt RED\n发行公司\nCD Projekt RED\n发行日期\n2020年12月10日\n游戏售价\n298 元\n主要配音\n基努·里维斯\n内容主题\n都市、开放世界、冒险、角色扮演\n玩家人数\n单人\n游戏画面\n3D\n游戏引擎\nREDengine 4\n游戏分级\nMATURE 17+\nIARC 18+\n发行阶段\n已发行\n主要角色\nV、强尼·银手、杰克·威尔斯(杰森·威尔斯)、帕南·帕尔默、朱迪·阿尔瓦雷兹\n \n赛博朋克2077背景设定 \n在《赛博朋克2077》的架空世界观中，美国在经历了20世纪末的一系列战争和恐怖袭击后分崩离析，联邦政府变得极其弱势。各大跨国高科技公司则趁机崛起，控制了人们生活的方方面面，社会贫富差距由此开始空前拉大。农民因为大企业的收购和兼并纷纷失去土地，最后不得不以家族为单位流浪在各大城市之间成为准军事化组织；城市中下阶层则因为大规模失业妻离子散、家庭破碎，最终组成了街头帮派互相割据；在大企业的打工人虽然外表过着光鲜亮丽的生活，但毕竟是千军万马争抢少得可怜的晋升通道，职场环境尔虞我诈、人人自危。而玩家将从以上三种背景当中选择其一，开始这趟旅程。\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n游戏截图\n\n嗨，能告诉我《赛博朋克2077》是由哪家公司开发的吗？", - "当然可以，Human！《赛博朋克2077》是由波兰的游戏开发公司CD Projekt RED开发的。这家公司以制作高质量的角色扮演游戏而著名，其中包括《巫师》系列游戏。" + "《赛博朋克2077》是由波兰的游戏开发公司CD Projekt RED开发的。这家公司以制作高质量的角色扮演游戏而著名，其中包括《巫师》系列游戏。" ], [ "夜之城是游戏的背景世界吗？它的主要特点是什么？", @@ -458536,7 +458536,7 @@ "history": [ [ "安静\n安静，华中科技大学教师。\n中文名\n安静\n出生年月\n1976.7\n学 位\n硕士\n职 称\n讲师\n性 别\n女\n担任职务\n无\n \n安静人物经历 \n安静学习经历\n1995.9-1999.6长春大学外国语学院学士。2006.9- 华中科技大学外国语学院硕士。\n安静工作经历\n1999--华中科技大学外国语学院日语系。\n安静主讲课程 \n日语听力，影视视听说，综合日语，日语会话。\n安静研究方向 \n日语教育。\n安静主要贡献 \n肖伯慈 安静 2006 日本人家庭问题に関する考察――日系企业における日本人従业员を中心に。中日合资企业文化意识的调查与研究107-119。\n\n请问安静是哪个学校的教师？", - "你好，Human。安静是华中科技大学外国语学院的教师。" + "安静是华中科技大学外国语学院的教师。" ], [ "她教授哪些课程呢？", @@ -459079,7 +459079,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小可爱\n《小可爱》是由罗纳德·F·麦克斯维尔 Ronald F. Maxwell导演的一部电影。本片描述两名十五岁的少女，在参加夏令营的时侯作了一个十分大胆的比赛：看谁先失去她的处女贞操，从而引发的一系列搞笑故事。\n中文名\n小可爱\n外文名\nLittle Darlings\n类 型\n喜剧\n制片地区\n美国\n发行公司\n派拉蒙影业公司\n导 演\n罗纳德·F·麦克斯维尔 Ronald F. Maxwell\n编 剧\nKimi Peck\n主 演\n塔图姆·奥尼尔、克里斯蒂·麦克尼科尔\n片 长\n96 分钟\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\n \n小可爱剧情简介 \n两名十五岁的少女，在参加夏令营的时侯,两人约定了一个比赛：看谁先失去她的处女贞操，本片就是讲述由此引发的一系列搞笑故事。\n小可爱演职员表 \n导演： 罗纳德·F·麦克斯维尔 Ronald F. Maxwell编剧： Kimi Peck ....(screenplay) and Dalene Young ....(screenplay) Kimi Peck ....(story)主演： 塔图姆·奥尼尔 Tatum O'Neal ....Ferris克里斯蒂·麦克尼科尔Kristy McNichol ....Angel阿曼德·阿山特Armand Assante ....Gary\n\n你好，请问电影《小可爱》是什么类型的电影？", - "你好，Human！电影《小可爱》是一部喜剧电影。它讲述了两名十五岁的少女在夏令营期间进行了一个看谁先失去处女贞操的比赛，从而引发了一系列搞笑故事。" + "电影《小可爱》是一部喜剧电影。它讲述了两名十五岁的少女在夏令营期间进行了一个看谁先失去处女贞操的比赛，从而引发了一系列搞笑故事。" ], [ "这部电影的导演是谁？有哪些主演呢？", @@ -459747,7 +459747,7 @@ "history": [ [ "水粉画\n水粉画是使用水调和粉质颜料绘制而成的一种画。其表现特点为处在不透明和半透明之间，色彩可以在画面上产生艳丽、柔润、明亮、浑厚等艺术效果。含粉对水色流畅的活动性会产生一定限制。水粉画在湿的时候，颜色的饱和度很高，干后则由于粉的作用颜色失去光泽，饱和度大幅度降低，这就是它颜色纯度的局限性。学习水粉画可以很好的认识色彩，对颜色的透明度有一个新的认识，在学习水粉画的过程中可以学会怎样调色，进一步了解色彩对水粉画的重要性。\n中文名\n水粉画\n性 质\n水调合粉质颜料绘制而成\n外 观\n不透明和半透明之间\n特 点\n艳丽、柔润、明亮、浑厚\n \n水粉画作品特点 \n水粉画的性质和技法，与油画和水彩画有着紧密的联系。是介于油画和水彩之间的一种画种，它与水彩画一样都使用水溶性颜料，颜料成分和透明水彩颜料相同\n。如用不透明的水粉颜料以较多的水分调配时，也会产生不同程度的水彩效果，但在水色的活动性与透明性方面，则无法与水彩画相比拟。一般水粉画所展示出的反光效果和透明水彩画的明亮效果大不一样，因此，水粉画一般并不使用多水分调色的方法，而采用白粉色调节色彩的明度，以厚画的方法来显示自己独特的色彩效果。这一点近似于油画的绘制方法。因为不透明的水粉颜料与油画颜料都是具有遮盖力的颜料，所以水粉画是介于水彩画与油画之间的一个画种，它是通过吸取水彩画与油画的某些方法与技巧而发展形成自己的技法体系的。如果在有颜色的底子上覆盖或叠加，那么这个过程，实际上是一个加法，底层的色彩多少都会对表层的颜色产生影响，这也就是它较难掌握的地方。但是，有经验的画家往往就是利用它的这种特性来表达水粉色彩自身的和特有的艺术魅力。\n水粉画基本技法 \n水粉画调色\n\n请问水粉画的基本性质是什么？", - "你好，Human！水粉画是使用水调和粉质颜料绘制而成的一种画。它的表现特点位于不透明和半透明之间。在水粉画中，色彩可以在画面上产生艳丽、柔润、明亮、浑厚等艺术效果。由于含粉的原因，它对水色流畅的活动性具有一定的限制。水粉画在湿的时候，颜色饱和度高；干后，颜色失去光泽，饱和度大幅度降低。学习水粉画有助于更好地认识色彩和颜色的透明度，并学会调色，进一步了解色彩对水粉画的重要性。" + "水粉画是使用水调和粉质颜料绘制而成的一种画。它的表现特点位于不透明和半透明之间。在水粉画中，色彩可以在画面上产生艳丽、柔润、明亮、浑厚等艺术效果。由于含粉的原因，它对水色流畅的活动性具有一定的限制。水粉画在湿的时候，颜色饱和度高；干后，颜色失去光泽，饱和度大幅度降低。学习水粉画有助于更好地认识色彩和颜色的透明度，并学会调色，进一步了解色彩对水粉画的重要性。" ], [ "水粉画与油画和水彩画有何关联？", @@ -459995,7 +459995,7 @@ "history": [ [ "标本\n标本指保持实物原样或经过整理，供学习、研究时参考用的动物、植物、矿物。\n中文名\n标本\n外文名\nSpecimen\n拼 音\nbiāoběn\n英 文\nSpecimen\n解 释\n枝节和根本等\n文献记载\n《苏州园林》\n词 性\n名词\n 释义1、枝节和根本。例如：标本兼治。2、保持实物原样或经过整理，供学习、研究时参考用的动物、植物、矿物。3、医学上指用来化验或研究的血液、痰液、粪便、组织切片等。4、在某一类事物中可以作为代表的事物。叶圣陶《苏州园林》\n：“我觉得苏州园林是我国各地园林的标本。”\n\n请问标本有哪些用途？", - "你好，Human！标本主要用于学术研究和教育目的。保持实物原样或经过整理的动物、植物、矿物等，供学习、研究时作为参考。例如，科学家通过收集、分析标本可以研究生物的形态、结构、习性等属性。此外，在医学上，血液、痰液、粪便和组织切片等也可以作为标本用来化验或研究。这些标本有助于提高我们对世界的认识和了解。" + "标本主要用于学术研究和教育目的。保持实物原样或经过整理的动物、植物、矿物等，供学习、研究时作为参考。例如，科学家通过收集、分析标本可以研究生物的形态、结构、习性等属性。此外，在医学上，血液、痰液、粪便和组织切片等也可以作为标本用来化验或研究。这些标本有助于提高我们对世界的认识和了解。" ], [ "叶圣陶的《苏州园林》提到苏州园林是我国各地园林的标本，请问这是什么意思？", @@ -460144,7 +460144,7 @@ "history": [ [ "使命召唤：现代战争3体验更真实的现代战争\n《使命召唤：现代战争3》是由Infinity Ward、Sledgehammer Games以及Raven Software三家工作室共同开发，动视公司发行的一款第一人称射击游戏，是“现代战争”系列的第三部，使命召唤系列第八部作品。该作于2011年11月8日正式发售，登陆PC、PS3、Xbox 360、Wii等平台。\n游戏主要讲述了以马卡洛夫为首的极端左派组织控制了俄罗斯绝大部分军火资源和军事资源，企图独裁整个俄罗斯和欧洲，马卡洛夫凭借军事上的优势，攻占了俄罗斯机场和总统的飞机，策划并绑架了俄罗斯总统和其女儿，挑起了第三次世界大战，整个美国和欧洲都陷入战火之中。游戏同时揭晓了“现代战争”系列主角的去向与秘密。\n中文名\n使命召唤：现代战争3\n原版名称\nCall of Duty: Modern Warfare 3\n别 名\n使命召唤8：现代战争3\n游戏类型\nFPS\n游戏平台\nPs3，PC，xbox 360，Wii，NDS\n所属系列\n使命召唤\n开发商\nSledgehammer Games、Infinity Ward\n发行公司\n动视暴雪\n销 售\nX360版（1426万套）\nPS3版（1290万套）\n销 售\nPC版（163万套）\n发行日期\n2011年11月8日\n内容主题\n现代战争\n玩家人数\n单人、多人\n游戏画面\n3D\n游戏引擎\nIW Engine 5.0（又称MW3引擎）\n游戏分级\n16+\n发行阶段\n正式版\n结局数\n1\n主要角色\n普莱斯，尤里，肥皂，睡魔，寒霜，马卡洛夫\n \n同义词\n使命召唤8一般指使命召唤：现代战争3\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n使命召唤：现代战争3游戏剧情 \n \n游戏截图(5张)\n\n你了解《使命召唤：现代战争3》这款游戏吗？", - "你好Human！《使命召唤：现代战争3》（Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3）是一款由Infinity Ward、Sledgehammer Games以及Raven Software三家工作室共同开发，动视公司发行的第一人称射击游戏。这是“现代战争”系列的第三部作品，使命召唤系列的第八部作品。游戏于2011年11月8日正式发售，可以在PC、PS3、Xbox 360、Wii等平台上游玩。游戏的主要主题是现代战争，以揭晓“现代战争”系列主角的去向与秘密为背景，讲述极端左派组织试图独裁整个俄罗斯和欧洲的故事。" + "《使命召唤：现代战争3》（Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3）是一款由Infinity Ward、Sledgehammer Games以及Raven Software三家工作室共同开发，动视公司发行的第一人称射击游戏。这是“现代战争”系列的第三部作品，使命召唤系列的第八部作品。游戏于2011年11月8日正式发售，可以在PC、PS3、Xbox 360、Wii等平台上游玩。游戏的主要主题是现代战争，以揭晓“现代战争”系列主角的去向与秘密为背景，讲述极端左派组织试图独裁整个俄罗斯和欧洲的故事。" ], [ "谁是这款游戏的开发商和发行商呢？", @@ -460255,7 +460255,7 @@ "history": [ [ "舞鞋\n舞鞋，专用来跳舞穿的鞋子。根据不同的舞种，大致分为：拉丁舞鞋、摩登舞鞋、混合舞蹈鞋、爵士舞蹈鞋、现代舞鞋、芭蕾舞鞋、民族舞鞋、儿童舞蹈鞋等等。\n中文名\n舞鞋\n外文名\nDance shoes\n拼 音\nwǔ xié\n解 释\n跳舞的鞋子\n \n舞鞋主要构成 \n这里以芭蕾舞鞋为实例介绍舞鞋的组要构成：LAST（鞋楦）：是制作足尖鞋的模型。鞋楦的形状是根据演员的脚的形状制作的。通常的鞋楦是鞋头和鞋子内部舒适度的最主要因素。 不同的鞋楦适用于一特定型号的尺寸和宽度。BOX（鞋头）：鞋头是包住脚趾尖的部分，帮助演员能站立在脚趾尖上。VAMP（鞋面）：是指从最前端的FLATFORM到脚背系带处的部分。THROAT（鞋喉部）：这个部分从上面看，是让脚供起和放平，展示脚背的部分。DRQWSTRING/BINDING（系带）：在鞋面脚背处的边缘，给鞋面提供坚韧度。 收紧系带能使鞋头更好的贴合脚型。PLATFORM（平面）：在鞋头最前端。演员依靠这个平面站立在脚尖上。CROWN（鞋高）：指鞋面到鞋底的垂直高度。PLEATS（褶皱）：位于鞋的底部前端。布面在这里打褶嵌入鞋底。SIDE QUARTERS（鞋边）：鞋侧面的布面部分，在脚跟处缝合。SOLE（鞋底）：外部的皮质鞋底用以提供牵引力。鞋底在鞋子的内部与鞋面缝合。SHANK（鞋骨）：是整双鞋的\"脊梁骨\"。位于\"袜线\"下，鞋内的底板，通常印有品牌的LOGO，如CAPZIO（也有不少是印在鞋外底的，如SANSHA）。它的作用是给脚弓提供支撑力。这部分通常有软硬之分，以适应不同的脚的需要。\n舞鞋主要种类 \n舞鞋踢踏舞鞋\n\n我想了解一下舞鞋的种类，方便给我详细介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！根据你给的信息，舞鞋可以分为不同的种类，主要包括：拉丁舞鞋、摩登舞鞋、混合舞蹈鞋、爵士舞蹈鞋、现代舞鞋、芭蕾舞鞋、民族舞鞋和儿童舞蹈鞋等。这些种类的舞鞋根据不同舞种的需要，设计有所不同。" + "根据你给的信息，舞鞋可以分为不同的种类，主要包括：拉丁舞鞋、摩登舞鞋、混合舞蹈鞋、爵士舞蹈鞋、现代舞鞋、芭蕾舞鞋、民族舞鞋和儿童舞蹈鞋等。这些种类的舞鞋根据不同舞种的需要，设计有所不同。" ], [ "了解了谢谢！我想具体请教下芭蕾舞鞋的结构，可以吗？", @@ -461346,7 +461346,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沟通与交流\n《沟通与交流》是2010年01月大连出版社出版出版的图书，作者是章永宏。本书主要讲述如何进行正确的沟通与交流。\n中文名\n沟通与交流\n作 者\n章永宏\n出版社\n大连出版社\n出版时间\n2010年01月\nISBN\n9787806848630\n开 本\n16 开\n定 价\n39 元\n \n同义词\n沟通交流一般指沟通与交流\n \n沟通与交流内容简介 \n沟通与交流源于人类最原始的交往需求，而现代媒介只是放大了这种需求，通过传播能力的提升，人类比以往任何时候更为紧密地联系在一起。不管是家庭中、组织中，还是社会其他领域，每个人与传播须臾不可分离。正是基于这样的社会背景和实际需要，沟通与交流才显得如此重要。这也是《沟通与交流》的宗旨所在。\n沟通与交流图书目录\n\n有关《沟通与交流》这本书，能告诉我作者、出版社以及价格吗？", - "你好，Human！《沟通与交流》这本书的作者是章永宏，出版社为大连出版社，出版时间为2010年1月。该书的定价为39元。我这样回答能帮助你了解《沟通与交流》这本书的基本信息。" + "《沟通与交流》这本书的作者是章永宏，出版社为大连出版社，出版时间为2010年1月。该书的定价为39元。我这样回答能帮助你了解《沟通与交流》这本书的基本信息。" ], [ "谢谢你的详细回答！书中主要讲述了什么内容呢？", @@ -461384,7 +461384,7 @@ "history": [ [ "玉佛殿\n玉佛殿内的世界第一大玉卧佛——释迦牟尼涅槃像的材料及做工\n中文名\n玉佛殿\n外文名\nJade Buddha Hall\n相关佛像\n释迦牟尼涅槃像\n地 址\n延佛禅寺的西侧\n 玉佛殿位于延佛禅寺的西侧。殿内展示了世界第一大玉卧佛——释迦牟尼涅槃像，它是由名贵的缅甸白玉精雕细琢而成。白玉毛料1999年在缅甸发现，历经三年艰苦开采，始现于世。该玉料为一块完整一体的纯天然玉料。据玉材的天然造型，经过精心设计，由德纯艺高的工匠历两年时间精工雕成。玉佛精美华贵，庄严殊胜，玉清底白。佛像长8.9米，高2.45米，总宽1.35米，体型比例均确，栩栩如生而自有灵气。玉佛全身镶嵌有1500多粒红、蓝、紫晶宝石和翡翠，衣纹和莲花台由24K黄金镏金而成，彩绘部分采用天然石色彩画而成：如白色、红色、蓝色分别由白海螺、红珊瑚，绿松石研磨制成。该玉佛2004年10月被纳入上海大世界吉尼斯之最，是世界第一大玉卧佛造像，弥足珍贵。\n\n请问玉佛殿在哪里？", - "你好，Human。玉佛殿位于延佛禅寺的西侧。这里展示了世界第一大玉卧佛——释迦牟尼涅槃像。" + "玉佛殿位于延佛禅寺的西侧。这里展示了世界第一大玉卧佛——释迦牟尼涅槃像。" ], [ "释迦牟尼涅槃像是用什么材料雕刻的？", @@ -461430,7 +461430,7 @@ "history": [ [ "豪华住宅\n豪华住宅是指按超出一般民用住宅建筑标准建造的高标准住宅，通常包括别墅和高档公寓。\n中文名\n豪华住宅\n所属领域\n建筑\n \n豪华住宅学者观点 \n高档豪华住宅可成为投资品打击房地产投机，限制投资行为是决策者调控的主要着力点，但学者认为未来，高档豪华住宅可以作为投资性住房。 \n豪华住宅(3张)\n 2011年12月7日，在“第三届地产中国论坛暨2011中国房地产年度红榜”上，清华大学房地产研究所教授刘洪玉如是分析。刘洪玉认为，保障房的大规模建设对市场的影响，表现在包括保障房住房、中小户型普通商品房在内的普通住宅将慢慢去投资化，向使用价值回归，形成以成本主导的价格，这也已形成共识。他指出，欧美国家的经验看，普通住宅价格不会偏离成本太多，但目前国内住房价格远高于成本，为了保证老百姓住房权利，“连投资这块也觉得不需要了”。他认为，适当的投资行为仍应保留，大量公寓、高档豪华住宅可以作为投资性的住房，“即使是住宅市场，也应该有一个协调发展的内部关系”。此外，做普通住宅的企业要调整好心态，“再难寻找过去高的利润模式了”。\n豪华住宅十大豪宅\n\n你好，请问豪华住宅的定义是什么？", - "你好，Human！豪华住宅是指按照超出一般民用住宅建筑标准建造的高标准住宅，通常包括别墅和高档公寓。这类住宅的设计和建造都遵循较高的品质和标准。" + "豪华住宅是指按照超出一般民用住宅建筑标准建造的高标准住宅，通常包括别墅和高档公寓。这类住宅的设计和建造都遵循较高的品质和标准。" ], [ "学者们对于豪华住宅有什么观点？", @@ -461765,7 +461765,7 @@ "history": [ [ "初梦初音未来中文专辑\n《初梦》是由Mikai Music制作并发行的初音未来中文音乐专辑，获得了日本Crypton官方、国内版权方新创华和旗下POPPRO官方投稿站授权的初音未来正版专辑\n。\n中文名\n初梦\n专辑语言\n普通话\n专辑歌手\n初音ミク\n曲目数量\n9\n发行时间\n2017-11-04\n唱片公司\nMikai Music\n \n \n初梦创作背景 \n《初梦》集合了众多知名P主的新作，并由众多国内一线专业音乐制作人和日本音乐制作人精心打磨。\n初梦专辑曲目 \n曲序歌曲名称1《你好》2《初梦》3《星之奇迹》4《告白》5《草蛇惊一》6《羊肉汤》7《告白 Ver.B》8《羊肉汤 Remix》9《初梦 Ver.B》\n\n你好，请问《初梦》这张专辑是谁制作和发行的？", - "你好，Human！《初梦》这张专辑是由Mikai Music制作并发行的。这是一个获得了日本Crypton官方、国内版权方新创华和旗下POPPRO官方投稿站授权的初音未来正版专辑。" + "《初梦》这张专辑是由Mikai Music制作并发行的。这是一个获得了日本Crypton官方、国内版权方新创华和旗下POPPRO官方投稿站授权的初音未来正版专辑。" ], [ "请问这张专辑是什么时候发行的，有多少曲目呢？", @@ -462030,7 +462030,7 @@ "history": [ [ "李氏宗祠\n浙江省丽水市景宁县大均村宗祠\n中文名\n李氏宗祠\n地 区\n浙江省景宁县\n建筑时间\n李琮天顺六年\n朝 代\n明朝\n现 状\n仅留三门，其他无存\n用 途\n家族祭祀祖先和先贤\n \n李氏宗祠简介 \n李氏宗祠是一处始建于明代中期的家族祠堂建筑，属于家族祭祀祖先和先贤的场所。位于浙江省景宁县大均村，有三门。三门的由来据说是：为褒扬李琮天顺六年（1464）年中进士； 其弟李璋1502年中进士；其子李镦1523年中进士。故设。明朝时县城北建兄弟方伯坊、父子进士坊；大均村建骑街进士坊。\n李氏宗祠现状 \n李氏宗祠正门并开三门，悬“父子方伯”、“兄弟进士”匾。今仅留三门，其它无存。\n\n你好，请问李氏宗祠建于哪个朝代？", - "你好，Human。李氏宗祠建于明朝。这是一个始建于明代中期的家族祠堂建筑，用于家族祭祀祖先和先贤。" + "李氏宗祠建于明朝。这是一个始建于明代中期的家族祠堂建筑，用于家族祭祀祖先和先贤。" ], [ "能告诉我李氏宗祠具体位于哪里吗？", @@ -462293,7 +462293,7 @@ "history": [ [ "安逸\n安逸是一个汉语词汇，拼音：ān yì，释义：1、安闲舒服。2、安稳，太平无事。\n中文名\n安逸\n外文名\nEasy\n拼 音\nān yì\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n安逸释义 \n1、安闲舒服。2、安稳，太平无事。\n安逸出处 \n《庄子·至乐》\n安逸例句 \n1、安闲舒服。《庄子·至乐》：“所苦者，身不得安逸，口不得厚味，形不得美服，目不得好色，耳不得音声。”晋 袁宏《后汉纪·明帝纪》：“君静於上，臣顺於下，大化潜通，天下交泰，群臣安逸，自求多福。”明 罗贯中《风云会》第三折：“今夜天气甚寒，不求安逸，冒雪而来，却是为何。”清 吴敬梓《儒林外史》第三九回：你若是借口不肯前进，便是贪图安逸。\n杜鹏程《保卫延安》第一章：“当官的骑在马上，一摇一晃地舞动马鞭子，好安逸呀，简直象游山玩水哩。”2、安稳，太平无事。《宋书·索虏传》：“今者域内安逸，百姓富昌，军国异容，宜定制度，为万世之法。”清 曹雪芹《红楼梦》第九八回：“ 宝玉 和你们姑娘生来第一件大事，况且费了多少周折，如今才得安逸，必要大家热闹几天，亲戚都要请的。”刘白羽《昆仑山上的太阳》：“ 兰州 的黄河未免太安逸平静了。”\n\n你好，请问你知道安逸的具体含义是什么吗？", - "你好，Human！关于安逸，我可以给你提供如下解释：安逸是一个汉语词汇，拼音为ān yì，主要有两个含义。第一个含义是安闲舒服，指生活处境舒适、无忧无虑的状态；第二个含义是安稳、太平无事，即指安定、和平的生活环境。" + "关于安逸，我可以给你提供如下解释：安逸是一个汉语词汇，拼音为ān yì，主要有两个含义。第一个含义是安闲舒服，指生活处境舒适、无忧无虑的状态；第二个含义是安稳、太平无事，即指安定、和平的生活环境。" ], [ "请问安逸这个词在文学作品中的出处是什么？", @@ -462312,7 +462312,7 @@ "history": [ [ "维生素D3\n维生素D3，又名胆钙化醇，是维生素D的一种，胆固醇脱氢后生成的7-脱氢胆固醇经紫外线照射即可形成胆钙化醇，因此也就是说胆钙化醇的维生素D原是7-脱氢胆固醇。\n药品名称\n维生素D3\n外文名\nVitamin D3\n别 名\n胆钙化醇、9,10-开环胆甾-5,7,10(19)-三烯-3β-醇\n是否处方药\n否\n主要用药禁忌\n必须按推荐剂量服用，不可超量服用\n剂 型\n滴剂\n运动员慎用\n否\n是否纳入医保\n是\n批准文号\n国药准字H20113033\n药品类型\n化学药品\n分子式\nC27H44O\n分子量\n384.64\nPSA\n20.23000\nLogP\n7.61900\nCAS登录号\n67-97-0\nEINECS登录号\n200-673-2\n密 度\n0.9717 g/cm³\n熔 点\n83 至 86 ℃\n沸 点\n451 ℃\n安全性描述\nS28A；S36/37；S45\n危险性符号\nR24/25；R26；R48/25\nUN危险货物编号\n2811\n \n维生素D3化合物简介 \n维生素D3基本信息\n中文别名：胆钙化醇； 9,10-开环胆甾-5,7,10(19)-三烯-3β-醇英文名称：Vitamin D3密度：0.9717 g/cm熔点：83-86 °C(lit.)沸点：496.4ºC at 760 mmHg闪点：214.2ºC折射率：1.507 (15ºC)稳定性：常温常压下稳定储存条件：2-8ºC\n维生素D3安全信息\n符号： GHS06 GHS08信号词：危险危害声明：H301 + H311； H330； H372警示性声明：P260； P280；P284；P301 + P310； P310包装等级：II危险类别：6.1海关编码：2936240000危险品运输编码：UN 2811 6.1/PG 2WGK Germany：2危险类别码：R24/25；R26；R48/25安全说明：S28-S36/37-S45-S28ARTECS号：VS2900000危险品标志：T+\n维生素D3定义\n\n请问维生素D3是什么？", - "你好，Human。维生素D3，又名胆钙化醇，是维生素D的一种。它由胆固醇脱氢后生成的7-脱氢胆固醇经紫外线照射形成。维生素D3在药品市场上是非处方药，主要用于补充维生素D，可以调节体内骨骼系统和矿物质代谢，有助于预防骨折、骨密度降低等状况。" + "维生素D3，又名胆钙化醇，是维生素D的一种。它由胆固醇脱氢后生成的7-脱氢胆固醇经紫外线照射形成。维生素D3在药品市场上是非处方药，主要用于补充维生素D，可以调节体内骨骼系统和矿物质代谢，有助于预防骨折、骨密度降低等状况。" ], [ "这个药品的剂型是什么？它是否纳入医保？", @@ -462377,7 +462377,7 @@ "history": [ [ "枫林\n枫林是由东莞市途旺电子商务有限公司于2019年09月07日申请成功的品牌。商品/服务：\t粉碎机; 清洁用吸尘装置; 3D打印机; 制食品用电动机械; 洗衣机; 搅拌机; 工业打标机; 贴标签机（机器）\n中文名\n枫林\n注册公告日期\n2019年09月07日\n申请注册号\n34522601A\n \n枫林品牌介绍 \n枫林是由东莞市途旺电子商务有限公司于2019年09月07日申请成功的品牌。\n枫林品牌信息 \n申请人：东莞市途旺电子商务有限公司注册公告日期：2019年09月07日初审公告日期：2019年06月06日专用权期限：\t2019年09月07日 至 2029年09月06日\n枫林商品服务 \n \n产品图(2张)\n 粉碎机; 清洁吸尘装置; 3D打印机; 制食品用电动机械; 洗衣机; 搅拌机; 工业打标机; 贴标签机（机器）\n枫林品牌理念 \n立信于心，尽责至善\n\n请问你了解枫林这个品牌吗？", - "你好，Human。我了解枫林这个品牌。枫林是由东莞市途旺电子商务有限公司于2019年09月07日申请成功的品牌。主要商品和服务包括粉碎机、清洁用吸尘装置、3D打印机、制食品用电动机械、洗衣机、搅拌机、工业打标机以及贴标签机（机器）。枫林品牌的理念是“立信于心，尽责至善”。" + "我了解枫林这个品牌。枫林是由东莞市途旺电子商务有限公司于2019年09月07日申请成功的品牌。主要商品和服务包括粉碎机、清洁用吸尘装置、3D打印机、制食品用电动机械、洗衣机、搅拌机、工业打标机以及贴标签机（机器）。枫林品牌的理念是“立信于心，尽责至善”。" ], [ "枫林品牌是在什么时候成立的？", @@ -462438,7 +462438,7 @@ "history": [ [ "镜音铃\n镜音铃是由日本克里普敦未来媒体有限公司（Crypton Future Media, INC.）开发贩售的虚拟歌手软件（声库）及其形象，是Crypton旗下“角色主唱系列”的第二作，与镜音连（V2）一同于2007年12月27日发售。与初音未来、镜音连、巡音流歌、MEIKO、KAITO共称作Piapro Characters（Piapro角色）。\n中文名\n镜音铃\n外文名\n鏡音リン（かがみね りん）\nKagamine Rin\n别 名\n铃酱 铃桑 铃铃 Rin 姐姐 王女殿下等\n配 音\n下田麻美\n性 别\n女\n生 日\n12月27日\n年 龄\n14岁\n身 高\n152 cm\n体 重\n43 kg\n开发商\nCRYPTON FUTURE MEDIA\n国 籍\n日本\n擅长曲种\n摇滚、电子音乐、流行曲、演歌等\n代表作品\n《炉心融解》、《ココロ》、《劣等上等》等\n擅长的音域\nF#3～C#5\n象征物\n橘子、压路机\n象征色\n橘黄色\n职 业\n虚拟歌手\n星 座\n摩羯座\n \n镜音铃制作过程\n\n请问镜音铃是什么？", - "你好，Human！镜音铃是一款由日本Crypton Future Media公司开发和销售的虚拟歌手软件（声库），同时也是她的形象。她与镜音连一同于2007年12月27日发布，属于Crypton的“角色主唱系列”第二作。她和初音未来、镜音连、巡音流歌、MEIKO、KAITO共同组成了Piapro角色。" + "镜音铃是一款由日本Crypton Future Media公司开发和销售的虚拟歌手软件（声库），同时也是她的形象。她与镜音连一同于2007年12月27日发布，属于Crypton的“角色主唱系列”第二作。她和初音未来、镜音连、巡音流歌、MEIKO、KAITO共同组成了Piapro角色。" ], [ "镜音铃的基本资料是什么？", @@ -463010,7 +463010,7 @@ "history": [ [ "少年维特之烦恼歌德创作中篇小说\n《少年维特的烦恼》是德国作家歌德创作的中篇小说。该书于1774年秋天在莱比锡书籍展览会上面世，并在那里成了畅销书。小说描写进步青年对当时鄙陋的德国社会的体验和感受，表现了作者对封建道德等级观念的反应以及对个性解放的强烈要求：少年维特爱上了一个名叫绿蒂的姑娘，而姑娘已同别人订婚。爱情上的挫折使维特悲痛欲绝。之后，维特又因同封建社会格格不入，感到前途无望而自杀。\n它是歌德作品中被他的同时代人阅读得最多的一本。\n作品名称\n少年维特之烦恼\n外文名\n德文：Die Leiden des jungen Werther 英文：The Sorrows of Young Werther\n作品别名\n少年维特的烦恼\n作 者\n【德】歌德\n文学体裁\n中篇小说\n首版时间\n1774年\n字 数\n约7万字\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n少年维特之烦恼内容简介\n\n你好，请问《少年维特之烦恼》是由哪位作者创作的？", - "你好，Human，《少年维特之烦恼》是由德国作家歌德创作的中篇小说。歌德是一位著名的德国文学家，这部作品是他的代表作之一。" + "《少年维特之烦恼》是由德国作家歌德创作的中篇小说。歌德是一位著名的德国文学家，这部作品是他的代表作之一。" ], [ "这部小说的外文名是什么？", @@ -463262,7 +463262,7 @@ "history": [ [ "拉斯维加斯\n拉斯维加斯（Las Vegas） 是美国内华达州最大的城市，克拉克县的县治，也是座享有极高国际声誉的城市。拉斯维加斯建市于1905年5月15日，因位于内华达州的沙漠边缘、边境，所以拉斯维加斯全年高温。拉斯维加斯位居世界四大赌城之一，是一座以赌博业为中心的旅游、购物、度假的世界知名度假城市，拥有“世界娱乐之都”和“结婚之都”的美称。每年来拉斯维加斯旅游的3890万旅客中，来购物和享受美食的占了大多数，专程来赌博的只占少数。从一个不起眼的破落村庄，到一座巨大的国际城市，拉斯维加斯只用了十年。2014年，美国赌城拉斯维加斯成为全球最多新婚夫妇选择的蜜月旅行目的地。\n2019年12月26日，位列2019年全球城市500强榜单第77名。\n中文名\n拉斯维加斯\n外文名\nLas Vegas\n别 名\n世界娱乐之都，赌城，拉斯维加斯\n行政区类别\n市\n所属地区\n美国内华达州\n地理位置\n36°10’N，115°08’W\n面 积\n340 km²\n下辖地区\n克拉克县\n政府驻地\n拉斯维加斯市北主街495号拉斯维加斯市政厅（Las Vegas City Hall. 495 S. Main St. Las Vegas, NV 89101）\n电话区号\n702\n气候条件\n亚热带沙漠气候\n人口数量\n283.9 万(2020年)\n著名景点\n拉斯维加斯天空酒店，拉斯维加斯会议展览中心\n机 场\n拉斯维加斯麦卡伦国际机场\n方 言\n美国英语\n建立时间\n1905年5月15日\n市 长\n卡罗琳·古德曼\n机场代码\nLAS、VGT\nGDP\n1122亿美元（2017年）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n拉斯维加斯历史沿革 \n“Las Vegas”源自西班牙语，意思为“肥沃的青草地”，因为拉斯维加斯是周围荒凉的石漠与戈壁地带唯一有泉水的绿洲，由于有泉水，逐渐成为来往公路的驿站和铁路的中转站。1854年，拉斯维加斯由当时在美国西部的摩门教徒建成，后来摩门教徒迁走了，美国兵使其变成一个兵站，但这里人口还是很少很少。1829年，墨西哥的商人发现了这块巨大的谷地，开始在此聚居。随后一批来自犹他州的摩门教徒移居到此。1888年，联合太平洋铁路通达使这里逐渐兴旺，一个小镇建立起来了。 \n拉斯维加斯(7张)\n\n请问拉斯维加斯位于哪个州？", - "你好，Human。拉斯维加斯位于美国内华达州。这是一个享有极高国际声誉的城市，以赌博、旅游、购物和度假著称。它位居世界四大赌城之一，有“世界娱乐之都”和“结婚之都”的美称。" + "拉斯维加斯位于美国内华达州。这是一个享有极高国际声誉的城市，以赌博、旅游、购物和度假著称。它位居世界四大赌城之一，有“世界娱乐之都”和“结婚之都”的美称。" ], [ "拉斯维加斯的气候条件是怎样的？", @@ -463350,7 +463350,7 @@ "history": [ [ "老少恋\n老少恋，指双方年龄相差悬殊而恋爱的恋情。一般的范围是指相差20--30岁以上。\n中文名\n老少恋\n含 义\n双方年龄相差悬殊而恋爱的恋情\n范 围\n相差20--30岁以上\n事 例\n杨振宁与翁帆\n社会舆论\n不被社会反对，也不被鼓励\n \n老少恋名人老少恋\n\n根据我刚刚了解到的关于老少恋的定义，它是指双方年龄相差悬殊而恋爱的恋情，通常是相差20--30岁以上。我想知道，为什么老少恋通常不被社会鼓励和反对呢？", - "你好，Human！关于老少恋不被社会鼓励和反对的原因，主要有以下几点：\n\n1. 生活处世观念差异：双方年龄相差较大，可能存在价值观、生活习惯和兴趣爱好等方面的差异，这有可能导致沟通和理解的困难，影响两人的感情及日常生活。\n\n2. 心理年龄差距：在某些情况下，年龄较大的一方可能难以理解年轻人的思维方式和需求，而年轻的一方也可能难以适应较老的一方的生活方式。这种心理年龄差距可能导致他们感情上的分歧或冲突。\n\n3. 家庭和社会压力：由于老少恋不是一种广泛接受和认同的恋爱模式，双方可能会面临来自家庭和社会的质疑和压力，进而影响他们的关系和心理健康。\n\n需要注意的是，这些原因并不意味着所有老少恋都会面临这些问题或不能维持长久的关系。每对恋人的情况都是独特的，关键在于双方是否能够理解、尊重和支持对方，以及是否具备处理各种困难和压力的能力。" + "关于老少恋不被社会鼓励和反对的原因，主要有以下几点：\n\n1. 生活处世观念差异：双方年龄相差较大，可能存在价值观、生活习惯和兴趣爱好等方面的差异，这有可能导致沟通和理解的困难，影响两人的感情及日常生活。\n\n2. 心理年龄差距：在某些情况下，年龄较大的一方可能难以理解年轻人的思维方式和需求，而年轻的一方也可能难以适应较老的一方的生活方式。这种心理年龄差距可能导致他们感情上的分歧或冲突。\n\n3. 家庭和社会压力：由于老少恋不是一种广泛接受和认同的恋爱模式，双方可能会面临来自家庭和社会的质疑和压力，进而影响他们的关系和心理健康。\n\n需要注意的是，这些原因并不意味着所有老少恋都会面临这些问题或不能维持长久的关系。每对恋人的情况都是独特的，关键在于双方是否能够理解、尊重和支持对方，以及是否具备处理各种困难和压力的能力。" ], [ "请举一个著名的老少恋的例子，并简要介绍一下他们的背景。", @@ -463657,7 +463657,7 @@ "history": [ [ "藕断丝连菜肴\n藕断丝连是一道家常菜，主要原料有莲藕、鸡蛋、白糖等。\n中文名\n藕断丝连\n主要原料\n藕，鸡蛋\n是否含防腐剂\n否\n配 料\n白糖、盐\n \n藕断丝连基本信息 \n菜系：家常菜食材类型：其它素菜烹调类型：炒菜\n藕断丝连菜肴原料 \n鲜藕300克，鸡蛋1个。白糖100克，盐、熟芝麻、生粉、面粉各适量，生油500克（实耗50克）\n藕断丝连烹饪方法 \n将鲜藕去皮后洗净，切成菱形块；碗内打入鸡蛋，加入盐、生粉、面粉调匀成糊，放入藕块后包裹均匀。 2．炒锅置旺火上，加入生油，烧至六成热时，下入挂糊的藕块，炸至外壳呈金黄色时捞出。 3．炒锅内留少许油，加入白糖，用中火炒制，用手勺不停地搅拌炒化，呈金黄色时推入藕块，撒上熟芝麻，翻拌至糖液全部包裹在藕块上，出锅盛入抹油的盘中即可食用。\n\n请问藕断丝连这道菜的主要原料有哪些呢？", - "你好，Human！藕断丝连的主要原料有鲜藕和鸡蛋。另外，在烹饪过程中还需要白糖、盐、熟芝麻、生粉、面粉和生油。这些食材和调料一起搭配，使藕断丝连呈现出独特的口感和美味。" + "藕断丝连的主要原料有鲜藕和鸡蛋。另外，在烹饪过程中还需要白糖、盐、熟芝麻、生粉、面粉和生油。这些食材和调料一起搭配，使藕断丝连呈现出独特的口感和美味。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么藕断丝连是怎么做出来的呢？", @@ -464306,7 +464306,7 @@ "history": [ [ "类比中国科学技术大学出版社出版书籍\n《类比》是2015年中国科学技术大学出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n类比\nISBN\n978-7-312-03794-8\n定 价\n25.00元\n出版社\n中国科学技术大学出版社\n出版时间\n201512\n装 帧\n平装\n丛书名称\n中学生物理思维方法丛书\n版 本\n1\n \n图书简介:在这本小册子中，我们先就类比的一般概念做简单介绍，接着摘取物理学发展史上精彩的实例和技术上有典型意义的成果，较详细地阐述类比在人们科学认识中的作用及其依赖于实践检验的关系.然后，结合中学物理教学实际，介绍教学中较为常见的几种类比方法、类比的教学功能及其在分析、解决具体物理问题时的应用.\n\n请问您知道这本书《类比》吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，我知道这本书。《类比》是2015年由中国科学技术大学出版社出版的一本图书。书籍的ISBN为978-7-312-03794-8，定价为25.00元。这本书属于中学生物理思维方法丛书，是平装版本。它主要通过讲述物理学发展史上精彩的实例和技术上有典型意义的成果，阐述类比在人们科学认识中的作用及其依赖于实践检验的关系。另外，还结合中学物理教学实际，介绍教学中较为常见的几种类比方法、类比的教学功能及其在分析、解决具体物理问题时的应用。" + "是的，我知道这本书。《类比》是2015年由中国科学技术大学出版社出版的一本图书。书籍的ISBN为978-7-312-03794-8，定价为25.00元。这本书属于中学生物理思维方法丛书，是平装版本。它主要通过讲述物理学发展史上精彩的实例和技术上有典型意义的成果，阐述类比在人们科学认识中的作用及其依赖于实践检验的关系。另外，还结合中学物理教学实际，介绍教学中较为常见的几种类比方法、类比的教学功能及其在分析、解决具体物理问题时的应用。" ], [ "这本书是谁写的？", @@ -464321,7 +464321,7 @@ "history": [ [ "美式早餐\n星级酒店中的“欧陆式早餐”也叫“简单早餐”，而美式早餐相对项目繁多，因此也被称为“复杂式早餐”和“全早餐”。\n中文名\n美式早餐\n别 名\n欧陆式早餐\n包 括\n麦片、谷物粥类、鸡蛋类\n补 充\n美式早餐菜式示例\n \n美式早餐定义与释义 \n美式早餐定义\n美式早餐包含了以下三种含义：第一，星级酒店的西式早餐一般分为“欧陆式早餐”和“美式早餐”，这里的美式早餐，有其固定的项目，各酒店之间，因为星级和等级不同，早餐内容各异，但总起说来大同小异；第二，美国各地区传统的早餐，这些早餐可能只在美国某些地区流行；第三，美国居民社区餐馆提供的早餐。\n美式早餐释义\n一，星级酒店中的美式早餐：美式早餐中，除了与欧陆式早餐相同的项目比如咖啡或茶、黄油、果酱、面包和果汁外，还包括英爱式早餐中的煮黄豆、德式早餐中的香肠，还有麦片、谷物粥类、鸡蛋类、肉食类等食品。麦片：一般是指已经预熟的膨化麦片，包括：大米花、小麦丝、全麦康、玉米片、燕麦片等。吃的时候，只要将麦片和牛奶（冷热均可）混合，或者麦片与水果、酸奶混合，略加搅拌即可食用。谷物粥：一般指需要煮的麦片，比如燕麦片，须加水煮制，出锅时再倒入一些鲜奶。鸡蛋类食品包括： \n美式早餐(20张)\n 1）水煮蛋：带皮鸡蛋整煮。2）水泊蛋：把鸡蛋壳敲开，让整个鸡蛋泊入开水中；2）黄油煎荷包蛋；3）黄油炒鸡蛋；4）鸡蛋卷：把鸡蛋打碎，就如同中餐里的摊鸡蛋一样摊入热油平底锅，摊成鸡蛋饼，加奶酪、蘑菇、洋葱、青椒、西红柿等等的各种碎粒，然后把鸡蛋饼卷起来，略翻压紧成卷即可。肉食类主要是火腿、培根。2，美国传统早餐：美国是移民国家，因此美式早餐汇集了英国和欧洲大陆各国的早餐内容，项目繁复。比如，有煮燕麦粥、香肠、煎土豆饼、饼干、面包片、软饼、华夫饼、甜面包圈、法式煎面包片、英国松糕、牛角包、丹麦包。咖啡、牛奶、茶、果汁一般必备。近十年来，冷食麦片，即预熟的膨化麦片，包括：大米花、小麦丝、全麦康、玉米片、燕麦片等，加牛奶或酸奶，已经非常普遍。美国特有的肉排与鸡蛋堡，在欧洲很少见到，一般只在美式快餐店里有售。有的地区早餐有乡村风味肉汤、玉米羹、墨西哥饼、玉米肉饼、猪肉卷、鱼排，和地区内人口来源有关，这些早餐并不在美国其它地区流行。3，美国居民社区餐馆提供的早餐：这种早餐一般是为上班族准备的，能够快速使用，或者便于携带、边走边吃。项目一般有咖啡、各种面包、甜面包圈、酸奶、奶昔、脆熟燕麦片、面包片和快餐汉堡。\n\n我想了解一下美式早餐的种类和特点。", - "你好，Human！美式早餐可以分为三种类型：星级酒店的美式早餐、美国各地区传统的早餐和美国居民社区餐馆提供的早餐。它们都包含了英国以及欧洲大陆各国的早餐内容，但因地区和餐馆类型不同，早餐的具体项目也有所区别。美式早餐通常包括麦片、谷物粥类与鸡蛋类等食品，有很多丰富的选择。" + "美式早餐可以分为三种类型：星级酒店的美式早餐、美国各地区传统的早餐和美国居民社区餐馆提供的早餐。它们都包含了英国以及欧洲大陆各国的早餐内容，但因地区和餐馆类型不同，早餐的具体项目也有所区别。美式早餐通常包括麦片、谷物粥类与鸡蛋类等食品，有很多丰富的选择。" ], [ "那在星级酒店中，美式早餐有哪些具体的项目呢？", @@ -464459,7 +464459,7 @@ "history": [ [ "自来水减压阀用于自来水减压的设备\n自来水减压阀，其工作原理是采用控制阀体内的启闭件的开度来调节介质的流量，将介质的压力降低，与此同时借助阀后压力的作用调节启闭件的开度，使阀后压力保持在一定范围内，并在阀体内或阀后喷入冷却水，将介质的温度降低，所以这种阀门又被称为减压减温阀。\n中文名\n自来水减压阀\n别 名\n减压减温阀\n \n自来水减压阀简介 \n \n自来水减压阀(1张)\n 该阀的特点，是在进口压力不断变化的情况下，保持出口听压力和温度值在一定的范围内。减压阀是气动调节阀的一个必备配件，主要作用是将气源的压力减压并稳定到一个定值，以便于调节阀能够获得稳定的气源动力用于调节控制。 根据使用要求选定减压阀的类型和调压精度，再根据所需最大输出流量选择其通径。决定阀的气源压力时，应使其大于最高输出压力0.55MPa。减压阀一般安装在分水滤气器之后，油雾器或定值器之前，并注意不要将其进、出口接反；阀不用时应把旋钮放松，以免膜片经常受压变形而影响其性能。本类阀门在管道中一般应当水平安装。\n自来水减压阀分类 \n自来水减压阀结构形式分类\n按结构形式可分为薄膜式、弹簧薄膜式、活塞式、杠杆式和波纹管式；按阀座数目可人为单座式和双座式；按阀瓣的位置不同可分为正作用式和反作用式。\n自来水减压阀使用介质分类\n按使用介质可分为蒸汽减压阀,空气减压阀,气体减压阀等.\n自来水减压阀标准 \n我国现行的适用给水减压阀的产品标准有《减压阀一般要求》GB/T 12244－2006、《减压阀性能试验方法》GB/T 12245－2006、《先导式减压阀》GB/T 12246－2006、《比例式减压阀》GB/T 21386－2008、《分体先导式减压稳压阀》CJ/T 256－2007，建筑给水工程中选用和设置的减压阀应符合上述有关减压阀产品标准的要求。\n自来水减压阀工作原理 \n自来水减压阀直动式减压阀\n\n请问自来水减压阀的主要作用是什么？", - "你好，Human。自来水减压阀的主要作用是通过控制阀体内的启闭件开度来调节介质的流量，将介质的压力降低。它可以在进口压力不断变化的情况下保持出口压力和温度稳定在一个特定范围内。减压阀是气动调节阀的一个必备配件，主要是为了让调节阀能获得稳定的气源动力用于调节控制。" + "自来水减压阀的主要作用是通过控制阀体内的启闭件开度来调节介质的流量，将介质的压力降低。它可以在进口压力不断变化的情况下保持出口压力和温度稳定在一个特定范围内。减压阀是气动调节阀的一个必备配件，主要是为了让调节阀能获得稳定的气源动力用于调节控制。" ], [ "请问自来水减压阀的分类是怎样的？", @@ -464623,7 +464623,7 @@ "history": [ [ "倒霉熊\n \n倒霉熊最新新闻 \n甘薇穿着宽松连衣裙搭配平底鞋还自嘲现在是“最丑最胖的形象”,“我是一个身孕9个月的妈妈,再有20天就到预产期就要生了”。发布会甘薇全程站了一个多小时介绍22部年度片单,涵盖电视剧、网剧、电影、网综,包括《凡人修仙传》《木槿花西月锦绣》《我是个大师》《轩辕剑》等强势IP,以及《萌妃驾到》《Nice女王》《撸sir 不是loser》《女人帮·妞儿》等自主研发项目。之前借热播网剧《太子妃升职记》,甘薇也公布了乐漾影视将打造《太子妃》第二季网剧及大电影,还透露韩国版即将开机并播出。\n倒霉熊网剧 \n甘薇介绍说,她专门为杜海涛量身定制了一款网剧,名字叫《倒霉熊》,主人公是一个“衰神附体”的倒霉先生,性格、经历和杜海涛都极其相似。\n\n你好，请问根据这段描述，甘薇是一位怎样的人物？", - "你好，Human！根据描述，甘薇是一位从事影视行业的女性，她是乐漾影视公司的创始人，在这个领域有很多成功的经验。她目前处于孕期，距离预产期还有20天。在发布会上，她介绍了公司即将推出的一系列影视作品，包括强势IP项目和独立研发项目。此外，她还透露了韩国版的《太子妃升职记》即将开机，以及专门为杜海涛量身定制的一部网剧《倒霉熊》。" + "根据描述，甘薇是一位从事影视行业的女性，她是乐漾影视公司的创始人，在这个领域有很多成功的经验。她目前处于孕期，距离预产期还有20天。在发布会上，她介绍了公司即将推出的一系列影视作品，包括强势IP项目和独立研发项目。此外，她还透露了韩国版的《太子妃升职记》即将开机，以及专门为杜海涛量身定制的一部网剧《倒霉熊》。" ], [ "请问《倒霉熊》这部网剧的主人公有什么特点？", @@ -464688,7 +464688,7 @@ "history": [ [ "泉州幼儿师范高等专科学校中国福建省泉州市境内公办高校\n中文名\n泉州幼儿师范高等专科学校\n外文名\nQuanzhou Preschool Education College\n简 称\n泉州幼高专（QPEC）\n创办时间\n1890年\n办学性质\n公办高校\n学校类别\n师范\n学校特色\n全日制普通专科院校\n福建省高校“三全育人”综合改革试点单位（2019年）\n福建省示范性现代高等职业院校（2019年）\n主管部门\n福建省\n现任领导\n党委书记：苏白茹\n高职专业\n17个\n院系设置\n学前教育学院、初等教育学院、艺术学院等7个二级学院（部）\n校 训\n自强进取，树己树人\n校 歌\n《泉州幼高专之歌》\n校庆日\n11月24日\n地 址\n校本部：福建省泉州市丰泽区嘉祥路801号\n永春校区：福建省泉州市永春县城北环路389号\n院校代码\n14331\n \n基本信息\n泉州幼儿师范高等专科学校历史沿革 \n泉州幼儿师范高等专科学校前身溯源\n泉州幼儿师范学校清光绪十六年（1890年），泉州培英女子学校（又称“培英女校”）成立。1922年，学校迁址西街平水庙。1925年，学校校务权由英国人转到中国人。1938年，学校脱离教会，成为民办学校。1952年，晋江专署正式接办培英女校，并更名为泉州女子师范学校。1955年，学校定名为泉州幼儿师范学校，为省属中等专业学校。1968年，学校停办，校舍被工厂占用。1979年，福建省人民政府决定复办泉州幼儿师范学校。1982年，学校改招初中毕业生。1991年，学校受到原国家教委的表彰。\n永春师范学校1984年，永春师范学校成立，为全日制普通中等师范学校。\n2000年，学校被确定为泉州市小学骨干教师培训中心。\n泉州幼儿师范高等专科学校升格发展\n2005年，泉州幼儿师范学校升格为泉州儿童发展职业学院。\n2011年4月，在泉州幼儿师范学校基础上建立泉州幼儿师范高等专科学校。\n2012年，学校通过教育部高职高专人才培养工作评估。\n2014年7月，永春师范学校正式并入泉州幼儿师范高等专科学校；\n同年9月，泉州幼儿师范高等专科学校附属东海湾实验幼儿园投入使用。\n2019年7月，学校入选福建省高校“三全育人”综合改革试点单位。\n2020年9月，学校入选福建省示范性现代高等职业院校；\n11月，入选福建省首批职业技能等级认定试点单位。\n泉州幼儿师范高等专科学校办学条件 \n泉州幼儿师范高等专科学校院系专业\n\n请问你了解泉州幼儿师范高等专科学校吗？", - "你好，Human。根据你提供的信息，我了解一些关于泉州幼儿师范高等专科学校的信息。它是一所位于福建省泉州市的公办高校，创建于1890年，主要培养幼儿教育相关专业的人才。" + "根据你提供的信息，我了解一些关于泉州幼儿师范高等专科学校的信息。它是一所位于福建省泉州市的公办高校，创建于1890年，主要培养幼儿教育相关专业的人才。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。请问泉州幼儿师范高等专科学校的前身是什么？", @@ -465513,7 +465513,7 @@ "history": [ [ "许嵩中国内地流行乐男歌手、原创音乐人\n许嵩（Vae），1986年5月14日出生于安徽省合肥市，中国内地流行乐男歌手、原创音乐人，现任海蝶音乐公司（现为太合音乐集团）音乐总监\n，毕业于安徽医科大学。2009年1月发行首张词曲全创作专辑《自定义》。2010年1月发行第二张词曲全创作专辑《寻雾启示》。2011年4月发行第三张词曲全创作专辑《苏格拉没有底》。2012年7月发行第四张词曲全创作专辑《梦游计》\n。2014年8月发行第五张词曲全创作专辑《不如吃茶去》\n。2016年6月发行第六张词曲全创作专辑《青年晚报》。2018年7月发行第七张词曲全创作专辑《寻宝游戏》\n。2021年5月发行第八张词曲全创作专辑《呼吸之野》\n。2006年起许嵩开始发表音乐作品，至2021年已成功发行八张个人原创专辑以及五十余首原创单曲，所有歌曲由许嵩创作词曲及音乐制作。\n截至2020年，许嵩已获得中歌榜、中国华鼎奖、东方风云榜、音乐风云榜等权威音乐榜单颁发的“最佳创作歌手奖”、“最佳唱作人奖”等个人奖项共20次 ；应邀为游戏、影视剧等创作主题曲包括《雨幕》（新天龙八部端游主题曲）、《千古》（电视剧《花千骨》片头曲）等歌曲共15首\n；六登央视舞台\n，十上卫视晚会献唱\n。\n中文名\n许嵩\n外文名\nVae\n别 名\n嵩哥\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n出生地\n安徽合肥\n出生日期\n1986年5月14日\n星 座\n金牛座\n血 型\nA型\n身 高\n182.1 cm\n体 重\n60 kg\n毕业院校\n安徽医科大学\n职 业\n歌手、音乐人\n经纪公司\n海蝶音乐\n代表作品\n乌鸦、庞贝、三尺、昨夜书、雨幕、最佳歌手、雅俗共赏、老古董、山水之间、玫瑰花的葬礼、有何不可、清明雨上、千百度、如果当时、半城烟沙、幻听、断桥残雪、庐州月、惊鸿一面、多余的解释、城府、你若成风、飞驰于你\n主要成就\n2018网易云国风极乐夜音乐盛典最佳国风贡献歌手\n2018华人歌曲音乐盛典年度最佳创作男歌手\n2018嗨典年度最佳男歌手\n第14届中国华鼎奖华语年度最受欢迎原创歌手\n第19、20届东方风云榜最佳唱作人\n展开\n主要成就\n2018网易云国风极乐夜音乐盛典最佳国风贡献歌手\n2018华人歌曲音乐盛典年度最佳创作男歌手\n2018嗨典年度最佳男歌手\n第14届中国华鼎奖华语年度最受欢迎原创歌手\n第19、20届东方风云榜最佳唱作人\n第17届全球华语榜中榜传媒推荐歌手\n第7届中国移动无线音乐咪咕汇最佳人气男歌手\n\n嗨，请问许嵩是什么时候开始发表音乐作品的？", - "嗨，Human！许嵩自2006年起开始发表音乐作品。他是一位非常有才华的音乐家，至今为止已成功发行了八张个人原创专辑以及五十余首原创单曲。" + "许嵩自2006年起开始发表音乐作品。他是一位非常有才华的音乐家，至今为止已成功发行了八张个人原创专辑以及五十余首原创单曲。" ], [ "能给我简单介绍一下许嵩的第一张专辑吗？", @@ -465536,7 +465536,7 @@ "history": [ [ "宝马X4\n宝马X4是介于X3与X5的一款SUV车型。外观上，宝马X4受到3系的启发，与中网连接在一起的前车灯组同样出现在前脸上，尾部造型与新3系保持了高相似度，侧身与X6极为相似。动力方面，宝马X4先期推出2.0T与3.0T两个排量，其中2.0T最大马力分别为184匹、245匹，3.0T版本的最大马力为306匹。随着国际SUV市场竞争的日趋激烈，作为豪华车市场的主流品牌，宝马自然想再得一杯羹。2014年7月29日，宝马X4携四款车型登陆中国市场。\n备受关注的宝马X4车型曝光了官方设计图，是这款车型的外观设计图第一次曝光，从中能找到不少的闪光点。量产后的X4，在设计上将会沿用X6的设计元素，但体型会略小一些，就像是奥迪Q7与Q5之间的关系与差异。X4会融入X Coupe Concept的概念，但在底盘方面，会采用改款X3所搭载的底盘结构。\n中文名\n宝马X4\n制动方式\n通风盘式\n生产厂商\n宝马(进口)\n参考价格\n45.59 至 55.69 万元\n轴 距\n2810 mm\n车型尺寸\n4683mm*1890mm*1636mm\n行李箱容积\n500-1400L\n油箱容积\n67L\n引擎类型\n2.0T L4/3.0T L6发动机\n标准座位数\n5 个\n最高时速\n247 km/h\n座位材质\n真皮\n加速时间\n8.1~5.5秒 （0-100km/h）\n驱动方式\n前置四驱\n品 牌\n宝马\n车身重量\n1850~1920千克\n变速箱\n8速手自一体\n \n宝马X4概念车 \n名称为Concept X4的概念车由宝马公司设计总监Karim Habib指导设计，这款X4概念车尝试着将传统Coupe的美学与高行驶高度越野车的粗犷外形结合到了一起。据Habib透露，这一外形将会在宝马未来所有的X车型上得以反映。这款概念车的某些设计元素在该车投产上市之前会有所改变。这包括前大灯的内部造型、前保险杠、后视镜托架和车门把手。后部侧车窗将会拥有一个额外的X6风格的三角窗。量产版将会在宝马位于美国的斯巴达堡工厂投。\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n宝马X4概念车 上海车展实车图\n\n请问宝马X4是什么类型的车型？", - "你好，Human。宝马X4是一款位于X3与X5之间的SUV（运动多功能汽车）车型。它的外观设计受到了3系的启发，并有独特的内部和外部细节。这款车在豪华SUV市场中表现出色，且被广泛关注。" + "宝马X4是一款位于X3与X5之间的SUV（运动多功能汽车）车型。它的外观设计受到了3系的启发，并有独特的内部和外部细节。这款车在豪华SUV市场中表现出色，且被广泛关注。" ], [ "请问宝马X4的发动机有哪些类型？", @@ -466352,7 +466352,7 @@ "history": [ [ "DisplayPort接口\nDisplayPort（简称DP）是一个由PC及芯片制造商联盟开发，视频电子标准协会（VESA）标准化的数字式视频接口标准。该接口免认证、免授权金，主要用于视频源与显示器等设备的连接，并也支持携带音频、USB和其他形式的数据。此接口的设计是为取代传统的VGA、DVI和FPD-Link（LVDS）接口。通过主动或被动适配器，该接口可与传统接口（如HDMI和DVI）向后兼容。\n中文名\n显示接口\n外文名\nDisplayPort\n定 义\n数字式视频接口标准\n学 科\n通讯工程\n简 称\nDP\n开发者\nPC及芯片制造商联盟\n \n同义词\ndisplayport一般指DisplayPort接口\n \nDisplayPort接口概观 \nDisplayPort是第一个依赖数据包化数据传输技术的显示通信端口，这种数据包化传输技术可以在以太网、USB和PCI Express等技术中找到。它既可以用于内部显示连接，也可以用于外部的显示连接。与过去的标准需要在每个输出端的差分对里面固定传输定时器信号不同的是，DisplayPort协议是基于小的数据报文被称为微报文，这种微报文可以将定时器信号嵌入在数据流中。其优点是较少的引脚数，就可以实现更高的分辨率。数据报文的应用也允许使用DisplayPort可扩展，这就意味着随着时间的推移，物理通信端口本身不需要显著的变化就可以增加额外的功能了。\n\n请问DisplayPort接口是什么？", - "你好，Human！DisplayPort（简称DP）是一个由PC及芯片制造商联盟开发，视频电子标准协会（VESA）标准化的数字式视频接口标准。它主要用于视频源与显示器等设备的连接，并也支持携带音频、USB和其他形式的数据。此接口的设计是为取代传统的VGA、DVI和FPD-Link（LVDS）接口。通过主动或被动适配器，该接口可与传统接口（如HDMI和DVI）向后兼容。" + "DisplayPort（简称DP）是一个由PC及芯片制造商联盟开发，视频电子标准协会（VESA）标准化的数字式视频接口标准。它主要用于视频源与显示器等设备的连接，并也支持携带音频、USB和其他形式的数据。此接口的设计是为取代传统的VGA、DVI和FPD-Link（LVDS）接口。通过主动或被动适配器，该接口可与传统接口（如HDMI和DVI）向后兼容。" ], [ "这个接口有哪些优点呢？", @@ -466371,7 +466371,7 @@ "history": [ [ "御宅族\n《御宅》是一部言情网络小说，作者是清枫聆心。\n中文名\n御宅\n作 者\n清枫聆心\n类 型\n言情小说\n字 数\n50万\n状 态\n已完结\n \n御宅族小说简介 \n重生了，前世建筑系毕业的她虽做不成正儿八经的世家贵女，在这只有乱七八糟土屋木房的古代，却也应该能算半个技术流，何处不能大展拳脚？谁料，这大荣朝人人指着易经发达，出门卜吉凶，进门算一卦。她爹爹是直接掌控皇朝命运的大国师，再和天赋惊人的嫡妹们比起来，不能算不能卦的她比废柴还废柴，谁管她会不会盖高楼大厦？眼看成为家里吃白饭的，她突然听到——“二百两银子，谁与我造华屋？”这就叫，是金子总不会发霉的。\n御宅族章节目录\n\n我想问一下关于《御宅》这部小说的一些问题，你能帮我解答一下吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。请随时提问，我会尽量为你提供详细的解答。" + "当然可以。请随时提问，我会尽量为你提供详细的解答。" ], [ "《御宅》这部小说的作者是谁？", @@ -467149,7 +467149,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巨蟹\n《巨蟹》是吕口口演唱歌曲，亦勋作词作曲，于2020年4月13日发行上线。\n中文名\n巨蟹\n所属专辑\n巨蟹\n歌曲时长\n5分3秒\n发行时间\n2020年4月13日\n歌曲原唱\n吕口口\n填 词\n亦勋\n谱 曲\n亦勋\n编 曲\n黄宏玉\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n监 制\n石文\n \n巨蟹歌曲信息 \n巨蟹 - 吕口口\n词：亦勋曲：亦勋编曲：黄宏玉监制：石文发行：广州大酱文化发展有限公司\n巨蟹歌曲歌词 \n你靠近我的时候温柔又仔细不像刚才的天气发了点脾气那是我第一次见你在凌晨的夏季我闻了闻你发梢的气息在过去一年时间无数次想你也曾偷偷告诉你我这边的天气明明是你先放弃为何我却苦恼自己我心疼我自己嘲笑我多努力你说你也爱过还劝我别难过你亲口对我说也好过被听说我大可不必执着是非对与错你瞳孔的人曾是我你无需抽空继续来招惹我在过去一年时间无数次想你也曾偷偷告诉你我这边的天气明明是你先放弃为何我却苦恼自己我心疼我自己嘲笑我多努力你说你也爱过还劝我别难过你亲口对我说也好过被听说我大可不必执着是非对与错你瞳孔的人曾是我你无需抽空继续来招惹我你说你不值得我想我也懂的也许不会后悔你曾经爱过我后来你的生活再也没有了我遗憾也未曾拜访过你说你也爱过还劝我别难过你亲口对我说也好过被听说我大可不必执着是非对与错你瞳孔的人曾是我你无需抽空继续来招惹我你说你不值得我想我也懂的也许不会后悔你曾经爱过我后来你的生活再也没有了我遗憾也未曾拜访过\n\n你好，请问吕口口的歌曲《巨蟹》是什么时候发行的？", - "你好，Human！吕口口的歌曲《巨蟹》是在2020年4月13日发行的。" + "吕口口的歌曲《巨蟹》是在2020年4月13日发行的。" ], [ "歌曲的时长是多少？", @@ -467791,7 +467791,7 @@ "history": [ [ "水泡眼\n水泡眼，也叫肉泡眼，多见于中老年妇女，是一种眼部疾病。\n别 名\n肉泡眼\n常见发病部位\n眼部\n常见症状\n眼睑臃肿\n拼 音\nshuǐ pào yǎn\n \n水泡眼描述 \n水泡眼是由于眼皮上脂肪组织增多，或老年人眼眶隔膜松弛，使眶膈内脂肪球脱出于眼皮部位，导致眼睑臃肿而形成。无论是先天性的“水泡眼”，还是后天性的眶隔松弛，都可以通过手术方法矫正，并可以与双眼皮手术同时进行，即将突出于眶隔的脂肪球切除，重新复位固定下垂的泪腺，这样眼睛的外形可以获得理想的改善，重新焕发出青春的光采。眼睑的形态存在种族差异，据统计东方人单睑者占50%之多。东方人的眼睑解剖特点是眼皮较厚、筋膜组织松、眶隔筋膜反褶于睑板前，眶隔内脂肪较多，上睑提肌腱膜较薄。如果上睑提肌腱膜部分纤维附于皮肤即可形成双眼皮，其附着面宽则双眼皮就宽，其附着面窄则双眼皮就窄。如果上睑提肌腱膜没有附着在皮肤，仅附着于睑板则为单眼皮。如果眶隔内脂肪肥厚过多，或向下脱垂，以及上睑提肌腱膜下充填较多的“黄色”脂肪颗粒就形成“肉里眼”或“水泡眼”水泡眼给人以老态，许多人都想恢复其本来面貌。其实手术方法很简单，只需在距上、下睑缘上下方切除一条平行于睑缘的皮肤，并去掉一部分眶隔脂肪，然后缝合即可矫正过来。如果您有倒睫，可同时矫正倒睫毛。\n水泡眼水泡眼矫正术 \n“缝合法重睑术加小切口去眶脂技术”，在施行埋线法重睑术同时在双眼皮皱褶线上做一个3毫米小切口，将眼眶脂肪除掉，一侧上睑可通过此小切口去除眶脂肪1毫升，这与切开法重睑术所切除的眶脂量基本相等。该法双眼皮术后消肿快，小切口不必缝合，自然愈合后不留疤痕，收到较好的效果。\n水泡眼术前注意事项 \n①术前仔细检查受术者的眼睛情况，眼部有急性或慢性炎症，如结膜炎、角膜炎、麦粒肿等暂不应手术，要待炎症控制后才行手术。②要根据眼皮薄厚情况及有无内眦赘皮决定采用何种方法进行手术。③术前3天开始滴抗生素眼药水，每日4次。\n水泡眼术后注意事项\n\n你好哦！我听说“水泡眼”是一种眼部疾病，主要是眼睑肿胀，它是怎么形成的？", - "你好，Human！水泡眼(肉泡眼)是由于眼皮上脂肪组织增多，或者老年人眼眶隔膜松弛，使眶膈内脂肪球脱出于眼皮部位，导致眼睑肿胀而形成的。这种情况可能是先天性的，也可能是后天性的。它会给人留下老态的印象。" + "水泡眼(肉泡眼)是由于眼皮上脂肪组织增多，或者老年人眼眶隔膜松弛，使眶膈内脂肪球脱出于眼皮部位，导致眼睑肿胀而形成的。这种情况可能是先天性的，也可能是后天性的。它会给人留下老态的印象。" ], [ "那么，水泡眼手术效果怎么样？是不是能改善眼睛的外观？", @@ -468294,7 +468294,7 @@ "history": [ [ "耶稣会大学耶稣会大学\n耶稣会建立的大学称为耶稣会大学。现今世界各地有114所耶稣会大学或教育机构:\n中文名\n耶稣会大学\n定 义\n耶稣会建立的大学\n数 量\n114所\n\n请问耶稣会大学是什么？", - "你好，Human！耶稣会大学是由耶稣会成立的大学。耶稣会是一种宗教团体，致力于在教育领域传播知识和价值观。目前全球范围内有大约114所耶稣会大学或教育机构。" + "耶稣会大学是由耶稣会成立的大学。耶稣会是一种宗教团体，致力于在教育领域传播知识和价值观。目前全球范围内有大约114所耶稣会大学或教育机构。" ], [ "为什么耶稣会会建立这些大学？", @@ -469061,7 +469061,7 @@ "history": [ [ "首尔Check in\n《首尔Check in》是由金泰浩执导，李孝利主演的真人秀节目。\n中文名\n首尔Check in\n外文名\nSeoul Check-in\n国家/地区\n韩国\n类 型\n真人秀\n主要嘉宾\n李孝利\n首播时间\n2022年4月8日\n导 演\n金泰浩\n \n首尔Check in节目背景 \n讲述在济州岛生活的李孝利来首尔工作时的日常，如结束行程后的住处、与谁见面、去哪儿等等，与济州岛的生活截然不同。\n首尔Check in参演嘉宾 \n李孝利严正化宝儿金元萱安慧真\n首尔Check in职员表 \n导演\n金泰浩\n\n你好，我想知道首尔Check in这个节目的基本情况，请给我简要介绍一下。", - "你好，Human！《首尔Check in》是一档韩国真人秀节目，由导演金泰浩执导，著名歌手李孝利主演。该节目首播时间是2022年4月8日。节目主要讲述的是李孝利从生活在济州岛来到首尔工作时的日常生活，涉及她的行程结束后的住处、与她见面的人、去的地方等等，展现了她在首尔的生活与在济州岛的生活之间的鲜明差异。参演嘉宾还包括了严正化、宝儿、金元萱和安慧真。" + "《首尔Check in》是一档韩国真人秀节目，由导演金泰浩执导，著名歌手李孝利主演。该节目首播时间是2022年4月8日。节目主要讲述的是李孝利从生活在济州岛来到首尔工作时的日常生活，涉及她的行程结束后的住处、与她见面的人、去的地方等等，展现了她在首尔的生活与在济州岛的生活之间的鲜明差异。参演嘉宾还包括了严正化、宝儿、金元萱和安慧真。" ], [ "那这个节目的主要目的和看点是什么呢？", @@ -469779,7 +469779,7 @@ "history": [ [ "山东大学\n中文名\n山东大学\n外文名\nShandong University\n简 称\n山大（SDU）\n创办时间\n1901年（清光绪二十七年）\n办学性质\n公办大学\n学校类别\n综合类\n学校特色\n双一流（2017年、2022年入选）\n985工程（2001年入选）\n211工程（1997年入选）\n2011计划（2012年入选）\n珠峰计划（2009年入选）\n展开\n学校特色\n双一流（2017年、2022年入选）\n985工程（2001年入选）\n211工程（1997年入选）\n2011计划（2012年入选）\n珠峰计划（2009年入选）\n111计划（2006年入选）\n全国重点大学\n强基计划（2020年入选）\n收起\n主管部门\n中华人民共和国教育部\n现任领导\n党委书记：郭新立、党委副书记、校长：樊丽明\n专职院士数\n9人\n本科专业\n117个\n硕士点\n学术学位授权一级学科55个\n专业学位授权类别27个\n博士点\n学术学位授权一级学科44个\n专业学位授权类别3个\n博士后\n科研流动站41个\n国家重点学科\n一级学科2个\n二级学科14个\n校 训\n学无止境，气有浩然\n校 歌\n《山东大学校歌》\n校庆日\n10月15日\n地 址\n中心校区：山东省济南市山大南路27号\n千佛山校区：山东省济南市经十路17923号\n趵突泉校区：山东省济南市文化西路44号\n洪家楼校区：山东省济南市历城区洪家楼5号\n软件园校区：山东省济南市高新区舜华路1500号\n展开\n地址\n中心校区：山东省济南市山大南路27号\n千佛山校区：山东省济南市经十路17923号\n趵突泉校区：山东省济南市文化西路44号\n洪家楼校区：山东省济南市历城区洪家楼5号\n软件园校区：山东省济南市高新区舜华路1500号\n兴隆山校区：山东省济南市市中区二环东路12550号\n威海校区：山东省威海市文化西路180号\n青岛校区：山东省青岛市即墨滨海路72号\n收起\n院校代码\n10422\n主要奖项\n国家科学技术奖21项（2011-2016年） 国家教学成果奖18项（截至2018年7月） 全国优秀博士学位论文23篇\n全国毕业生就业典型经验高校（2013年）\n知名校友\n罗荣桓、王淦昌、童第周、老舍、闻一多、潘承洞、邓从豪、曾呈奎、薛其坤、王小云、张恭运等\n占地面积\n8000 亩\nTA说\n山东大学凭什么是高校“扫地僧”？\n2022-03-30 16:58\n\n请问山东大学的创办时间是什么时候？", - "你好，Human。山东大学的创办时间是1901年（清光绪二十七年）。这是一个有着很长历史的公办大学。" + "山东大学的创办时间是1901年（清光绪二十七年）。这是一个有着很长历史的公办大学。" ], [ "这所大学的校训是什么？", @@ -470184,7 +470184,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小窗幽记明代陈继儒创作小品文集\n《小窗幽记》是明代陈继儒（一说陆绍珩）创作的小品文集，刊行于天启四年（1624年）。\n《小窗幽记》全书分为醒、情、峭、灵、素、景、韵、奇、绮、豪、法、倩十二卷，共一千五百余则，内容涉及修身、养性、立言、立德、为学、致仕、立业、治家等各方面，主要表达的是文人雅士淡泊名利、宁静致远、超凡脱俗的内心世界和精神追求。\n《小窗幽记》文字清雅，格调超拔，论事析理，独中肯綮，为明代清言的代表作之一。\n作品名称\n小窗幽记\n作品别名\n醉古堂剑扫\n作 者\n陈继儒（一说陆绍珩）\n创作年代\n明代\n文学体裁\n小品文集\n字 数\n约42000（原文）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n小窗幽记内容简介 \n全书分醒、情、峭、灵、素、景、韵、奇、绮、豪、法、倩12卷，共一千四百余条格言。或陈说利害，指点迷津，以言醒世；或肯定情爱，颂扬忠贞，赞美人世间一切真情实感；或强调道德修养的重要，倡导读书，劝勉人们要有高尚的道德、丰厚的学养和良好的性情；或提倡淡泊名利，严于操守，多做善事；或描述隐居生活，赞美田园生涯，宣扬朴素为美；或状物写景，以景悟情，回归自然；或强调静心，体味物韵，提升人生的境界；或评述奇人异物，阐言美文奇书，推崇高人奇士；或描绘物、景的和谐绮丽，赞美阳刚和阴柔之美；或称誉豪士，召唤英雄，使人意气风发；或以自身的体验和认知，陈述做人、处世应遵循的准则；或讨论美的形态、美的条件和美的境界。\n小窗幽记作品目录 \n卷一 集醒卷二 集情卷三 集峭卷四 集灵卷五 集素卷六 集景卷七集韵卷八 集奇卷九 集绮卷十 集豪卷十一 集法卷十二 集倩\n小窗幽记创作背景 \n明代万历以降，政治日益腐败，社会弊病丛生，各种矛盾愈加尖锐，朱明王朝犹如一座显赫的百年华屋，虽然表面上花团锦簇，但实际上已千疮百孔，颓势已成。另一方面，新的资本主义经济关系开始在社会萌芽，正孕育出一股朦胧要求个性解放的思想潮流；同时，以阳明心学为标帜的新思潮日渐漫延，被定为一尊的程朱理学受到了种种挑战，传统的思想、伦理、道德、价值、情操乃至生活习惯被重新审视和诠释，社会的知识、思想与信仰层面呈现出一种多元的和开放的态势。在文学领域，那种形式自由、内容多样、篇幅简短的小品文创作和出版都空前活跃，形成了一种万卉争艳、繁花似锦的局面。《小窗幽记》就是这种态势下的产物。\n\n请问《小窗幽记》是谁创作的呢？", - "你好，Human。《小窗幽记》是明代陈继儒（一说陆绍珩）创作的小品文集。这部作品具有很高的文学价值，是明代清言的代表作之一。希望这个信息能对你有所帮助。" + "《小窗幽记》是明代陈继儒（一说陆绍珩）创作的小品文集。这部作品具有很高的文学价值，是明代清言的代表作之一。希望这个信息能对你有所帮助。" ], [ "《小窗幽记》的内容涉及哪些方面？", @@ -470764,7 +470764,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西柏坡\n高强最新专辑《西柏坡》\n中文名\n西柏坡\n歌曲原唱\n高强\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n 西柏坡作词：张叶茂作曲：张叶青演唱：高强太行山下滹沱河河畔有个西柏坡当年革命胜劵在握党中央曾在这里驻过领导全国土地改革耕着有其田农民乐三大战役指挥所捷报频传奏凱歌两个务必领袖嘱托不忘初心永葆夲色革命圣地西柏坡从这里走来新中国新时代的西柏坡文明富裕新村落山青水秀景点多革命传统教育场所红色资源为依托带动旅游业红似火开办采摘园农家乐民俗文化有特色综合开发结硕果赶考路上勇于开拓让人民过上美好生活这是共产党人的庄严承诺综合开发结硕果赶考路上勇于开拓让人民过上美好生活这是共产党人的庄严承诺庄严承诺\n\n你好，请问《西柏坡》这首歌曲是谁创作的？", - "你好，Human！《西柏坡》这首歌曲的作词和作曲分别是张叶茂和张叶青。这首歌是为了展示中国革命历史以及西柏坡地区的发展变化所创作的。" + "《西柏坡》这首歌曲的作词和作曲分别是张叶茂和张叶青。这首歌是为了展示中国革命历史以及西柏坡地区的发展变化所创作的。" ], [ "高强这次演唱的《西柏坡》，这首歌的意义是什么呢？", @@ -470935,7 +470935,7 @@ "history": [ [ "品牌知名度\n品牌知名度是指潜在购买者认识到或记起某一品牌是某类产品的能力。它涉及产品类别与品牌的联系。品牌知名度被分为3个明显不同的层次。\n中文名\n品牌知名度\n解 释\n潜在购买者认识记起某产品的能力\n最低层次\n品牌识别\n \n品牌知名度层次介绍 \n品牌知名度的最低层次是品牌识别。这是根据提供帮助的记忆测试确定的，如通过电话调查，给出特定产品种类的一系列品牌名称，要求被调查者说出他们以前听说过哪些品牌。虽然需要将品牌与产品种类相联，但其间的联系不必太强。品牌识别是品牌知名度的最低水平，但在购买者选购品牌时却是至关重要的。品牌识别可以让消费者找到熟悉的感觉。人们喜欢熟悉的东西，尤其是对于香皂、口香糖、纸巾、糖、擦面纸等低价值的日用品，有时不必评估产品的特点，熟悉这一产品就足以让人们作出购买决策。研究表明，无论消费者接触到的是抽象的图画、名称、音乐还是其他东西，接触的次数与喜欢程度之间呈正相关关系。另一个层次是品牌回想。通常是通过让被调查者说出某类产品的品牌来确定品牌回想，但这是“未提供帮助的回想”，与确定品牌识别不同的是，不向被调查者提供品牌名称，所以要确定回想的难度更大。品牌回想往往与较强的品牌定位相关联。品牌回想往往能左右潜在购买者的采购决策。采购程序的第一步常常是选择一组需考虑的品牌作为备选组。例如，在选择广告代理商、试驾的车型或需评估的计算机系统时，通常要考虑三四个备选方案。在这一步，除特殊情况外，购买者可能没有接触到更多品牌。此时，要进入备选组的品牌回想就非常关键。哪个厂商生产计算机？能够想到的第一家公司就占有优势，而不具有品牌回想的厂商则没有任何机会。第一提及知名度，这是一个特殊的状态，是品牌知名度的最高层次。确切地说，这意味着该品牌在人们心目中的地位高于其他品牌。企业如果拥有这样主导品牌，就有了强有力的竞争优势。\n品牌知名度误区\n\n你好，请问品牌知名度是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！品牌知名度是指潜在购买者对于某一品牌的认识与记忆，它反映了一个品牌在消费者心中的印象程度。品牌知名度有3个层次：品牌识别、品牌回想和第一提及知名度。一个具有高品牌知名度的产品通常更受消费者关注与信任，容易在购买决策中具有竞争优势。" + "品牌知名度是指潜在购买者对于某一品牌的认识与记忆，它反映了一个品牌在消费者心中的印象程度。品牌知名度有3个层次：品牌识别、品牌回想和第一提及知名度。一个具有高品牌知名度的产品通常更受消费者关注与信任，容易在购买决策中具有竞争优势。" ], [ "品牌知名度的3个层次分别是什么？", @@ -471165,7 +471165,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圆底烧瓶\n圆底烧瓶为底部呈球状的透明玻璃烧瓶。它是一种化学实验中常用的加热与反应容器，用途广泛。可以进行加热，一般要垫上石棉网，与铁架台等夹持仪器配合使用。\n中文名\n圆底烧瓶\n外文名\nround-bottomed flask\n别 名\n球形底烧瓶\n外 观\n透明\n作 用\n化学实验中常用的加热与反应容器\n \n圆底烧瓶圆底烧瓶 \n圆底烧瓶,口比较细,可以防止液体流出,可以进行长时间加热,但必须垫石棉网。圆底烧瓶可以密闭加热大量液体,还可以进行喷泉实验。\n圆底烧瓶使用注意事项 \n（1）圆底烧瓶底部厚薄较均匀，又无棱出现，可用于长时间强热使用。（2）加热时烧瓶应放置在石棉网上，不能用火焰直接加热。（3）实验完毕后，若有导管等，一律先撤去导管，防止倒流，再撤去热源，静止冷却后，再行废液处理，进行洗涤。烧瓶加热时要垫上石棉网，不超过烧瓶体积的1/2（怕太多溶液在沸腾时容易溅出或是瓶内压力太大而爆炸）。\n圆底烧瓶圆底烧瓶与平底烧瓶的区别 \n圆底烧瓶底部为圆形，而平底烧瓶底部为平的。实验时圆底烧瓶要用铁架台放置，而平底烧瓶可直接放置于实验台上。\n圆底烧瓶圆底烧瓶与蒸馏烧瓶的区别 \n蒸馏烧瓶由于需要用于蒸馏液体，因此在瓶颈处有一略向下伸出的细玻璃管，可用于引流蒸汽。另外蒸馏烧瓶加热需要堵住瓶口，必须另一管伸出。而圆底烧瓶则无此装置，瓶颈即为普通直管。可根据图3：圆底烧瓶图加以区别：\n\n请问圆底烧瓶是什么样的实验容器？", - "你好，Human。圆底烧瓶是一种底部呈球状的透明玻璃烧瓶，口比较细，可以防止液体流出。它在化学实验中常用作加热和反应容器，可以进行长时间加热，一般要垫上石棉网。与铁架台等夹持仪器配合使用。" + "圆底烧瓶是一种底部呈球状的透明玻璃烧瓶，口比较细，可以防止液体流出。它在化学实验中常用作加热和反应容器，可以进行长时间加热，一般要垫上石棉网。与铁架台等夹持仪器配合使用。" ], [ "圆底烧瓶和平底烧瓶有什么区别呢？", @@ -471710,7 +471710,7 @@ "history": [ [ "恒大棕榈岛\n恒大棕榈岛位于惠州市惠阳淡水，由广盛华侨（大亚湾）房产开发有限公司建成，总建筑面积415087，总占地面积213988，共计房屋821户，小区物业公司为广州侨乐物业服务有限公司惠阳分公司。\n中文名\n恒大棕榈岛\n别 名\n棕榈岛度假村\n城 市\n惠州市\n城 区\n惠阳\n板 块\n淡水\n环线位置\n惠州市惠阳区淡水高尔夫路1号\n楼盘地址\n惠州市惠阳区淡水高尔夫路1号\n开发商\n广盛华侨（大亚湾）房产开发有限公司\n销售状态\n在售\n物业类别\n普通住宅\n建筑形式\n塔楼\n建筑结构\n钢筋混凝土结构\n建筑面积\n415087 m²\n占地面积\n213988 m²\n总户数\n821 户\n绿化率\n38.8\n容积率\n2.4\n户型面积\n66.07~291平方米\n产权类型\n商品房\n产权年限\n70年\n预售许可证\n惠阳房预许字（2018）第057号\n物业公司\n广州侨乐物业服务有限公司惠阳分公司\n物业费\n,2.5/平方米*月\n物业办公地点\n无\n 周边配套医疗惠阳三和医院(康和路)，惠阳区中医医院，惠州市惠阳区慢性病防治站，惠阳弘德医院，惠州市惠阳区疾病预防控制中心，三和医院-急诊，惠州市惠阳眼科医院，惠阳区人民医院-门诊部，长安医院，超凡口腔门诊部\n教育惠阳淡水第八小学，天天向上幼儿园，惠州市惠阳区图书馆，惠阳中山中学，淡水土湖小学，淡水棕榈岛幼儿园，惠阳区职业技术学校，淡水中心小学，缘水岸幼儿园，惠阳第一中学\n购物天虹商场(惠阳店)，国安居(惠阳店)，土湖市场，高布市场，门楼生鲜市场，鸿源国际广场-商业文化步行街，佰顺居建材家居装饰，光辉家具城(芙蓉苑西)，简爱家居生活广场(金惠大道店)，英之皇商业文化中心\n\n你好!请问恒大棕榈岛是位于哪个城市的哪个城区？", - "你好，Human！恒大棕榈岛位于惠州市惠阳区。这个小区是由广盛华侨（大亚湾）房产开发有限公司建成的，有821户住宅。有什么其他问题我可以帮您解答吗？" + "恒大棕榈岛位于惠州市惠阳区。这个小区是由广盛华侨（大亚湾）房产开发有限公司建成的，有821户住宅。有什么其他问题我可以帮您解答吗？" ], [ "请问恒大棕榈岛具体的楼盘地址是什么？", @@ -472175,7 +472175,7 @@ "history": [ [ "配偶\n配偶(pèi ǒu)：是一个法律学词语，是“个体”概念，仅指夫妻中的一方，要么指“丈夫”、要么指“妻子”。一般与“有无”相搭配，如：“你有无配偶。”合法婚姻中、夫妻双方互为配偶；配偶关系、因婚姻关系、而确立。配偶关系，是其他亲属关系(血亲关系、姻亲关系)赖以发生、发展和存在的基础。\n中文名\n配偶\n外文名\nspouse\n拼 音\npèi ǒu\n别 名\n夫妻\n注 音\nㄆㄟˋ ㄡˇ\n \n配偶法律学概念 \n配偶基本解释\n配偶：结婚双方中的一方。\n指夫妻双方互为配偶。亦指男女相配为夫妇。法律对已婚男女之间关系的界定，即已婚男女互为配偶。配偶这一概念也界定了已婚男女最本质的生物学关系。在某种情况下，同性之间亦可以形成配偶关系。\n配偶基本概念\n在中国，以准予登记、取得结婚证的时间，为配偶关系发生的时间。配偶关系因婚姻的终止，即一方死亡（包括宣告死亡）或双方离婚而消灭。配偶关系消灭的时间为：一方死亡；或取得离婚证；或人民法院准予离婚的调解书或判决书生效之时。对应否将配偶列入亲属范围，各国的立法例和法学家的主张不尽相同。例如，1896年德国民法典不以配偶为亲属；现行日本民法典则以配偶为亲属；有些国家在法律上虽无明文规定，在解释上却又将配偶作为亲属。中国历代的礼和律都以配偶为亲属，《仪礼·丧服》云：“妻，至亲也。”《服制图》将嫁入本宗之女列为宗亲。《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第108条规定：“近亲属是指夫、妻、父、母、子、女、同胞兄弟姊妹。”配偶是中国的亲属种类之一，这是毫无疑义的。配偶星即男命指财星（正才为妻），女命指官星（官星为夫）。配偶星是直接代表夫妻的标志，故其在命局的组合对婚姻而言极其重要。在推断婚姻的迟早时，应将配偶富与配偶星结合起来，互相参看而定。\n配偶继承权\n内地和台湾对于夫妻若采取类似共同财产制，则在分配遗产时，妻子都有优先分一半的权利，而香港法律对于未立遗嘱者的遗产分配，妻子有优先继承全部土地财产的权利。这些配偶优先分配权，都使得妻子可分到最大份的遗产。香港法律对配偶更优厚，资深律师业者指出，香港《遗嘱条例》规定有立遗嘱者按照遗嘱进行遗产分配，但华人因为对死亡有忌讳，真正在生前立遗嘱的不多，未立遗嘱，则按照香港《无遗嘱者遗产条例》规定。\n配偶引证解释\n\n请问配偶这个词是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！配偶是一个法律学词语，它是指在合法婚姻关系中，夫妻中的一方。可以指代丈夫或妻子。配偶关系是因为婚姻关系而确立的，它是其他亲属关系（血亲关系、姻亲关系）的基础。" + "配偶是一个法律学词语，它是指在合法婚姻关系中，夫妻中的一方。可以指代丈夫或妻子。配偶关系是因为婚姻关系而确立的，它是其他亲属关系（血亲关系、姻亲关系）的基础。" ], [ "那么在中国，什么时候算确定了配偶关系？", @@ -472382,7 +472382,7 @@ "history": [ [ "心理作用心理学术语\n心理作用即心理感觉，是人的一种感性认识，这种认识有时是错误的、不切实际的。在日常的学习、工作和生活中，我们千万不能只跟着感觉走，要把辩证的去实践验证。也不能完全否定感性认识而成为另一个极端的唯理论。要客观地、科学地评判万事万物。\n中文名\n心理作用\n转移方法：\n心情转移法：事物转移法\n \n心理作用概念介绍 \n心里总是想着一件不切合实际的事情或带有胡思乱想的心理，对某件事情总是摆脱不了。遇到这样的问题我们要做好思想转移。\n心理作用转移方法 \n心理作用情绪转移法\n每天保持自己的身心愉快，遇到不开心的事情要和好朋友或者伴侣说出来。\n心理作用事物转移法\n每当自己知道自己心理存在问题这时候不要紧张，和好朋友出去散散步或者有爱好的可以去做一下自己爱好的事情。（比如：钓鱼）\n心理作用心情转移法\n每当自己感觉不开心或者心理感觉很烦躁的时候，可以打开自己的电脑听听自己最喜欢的歌曲，心情要静下来听可以跟着唱。对于从事电脑专业的人来说是最容易产生心理作用的，这时候我们要合理安排好上网时间，有时间要和好朋友或者伴侣出去锻炼或者出去做一下自己爱好的事情。（比如：钓鱼）\n心理作用心理作用例子 \n1.比如你买了一件衣服，你自己觉得很好看，但是你的朋友认为不好看，说出了这件衣服的种种缺点，你听了以后，心里就觉得这件衣服确实不好看，这就是心理作用。2.又或是有人说了你这点不好那点不好，那样子久而久之也就会有心里作用了\n\n请问心里作用是什么？", - "你好，Human。心理作用，也称为心理感觉，是指人在感性认识方面的一种认识。这种认识有时可能是错误的或者不切实际的。在日常生活、学习和工作中，我们不能完全依靠感觉来做决策，而是要将感性认识与理性认识相结合，通过实践来验证和纠正我们的认识，以达到客观和科学地评判事物的目的。" + "心理作用，也称为心理感觉，是指人在感性认识方面的一种认识。这种认识有时可能是错误的或者不切实际的。在日常生活、学习和工作中，我们不能完全依靠感觉来做决策，而是要将感性认识与理性认识相结合，通过实践来验证和纠正我们的认识，以达到客观和科学地评判事物的目的。" ], [ "那么感性认识是如何影响我们的判断和决策的呢？", @@ -473075,7 +473075,7 @@ "history": [ [ "塑料桶\n塑料桶的材料多采用聚乙烯、聚丙烯等塑料吹塑、注塑而成，上海塑胶制品化工、农药、医药、食品、五金电子、机电等行业液体、固体物品的外包装。\n中文名\n塑料桶\n主要原料\n聚乙烯\n用 途\n各种液体的储存和运输\n功能和特点\n塑桶美观内外光滑、无焊无缝\n \n塑料桶产品介绍 \n塑料桶多用于各种液体的储存和运输，对特殊的危险品包装具有良好的特性，它有不易碎、不生锈、质轻等特点，而且耐油、耐强腐蚀性能好优异，多用于需要保温、防潮、耐压、抗腐蚀的危险品包装。　塑料桶的材料多采用聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯等塑料吹塑、注塑、吸塑、滚塑而成，多用于盛装化工、农药、医药、食品、五金电子、机电等行业液体、固体物品。规格从0.25L--220L开闭口塑料桶及1000L集装塑料桶。可用于物品盛放或者运输周转。 目前滚塑工艺生产的塑料桶容量最大容量可以达到50吨。有些产品可用于热灌装，一般温度应不超过60℃。热灌装后，应等盛装物充分冷却并降到室温后才能关紧盖子和堆码。耐气候零上60℃-零下40℃性能优良。\n塑料桶生产原料 \n生产塑料桶的主要原料是聚乙烯（Polyethylene,PE），简称PE，是乙烯进行加聚而成的高分子有机化合物。聚乙烯是世界上公认的接触食品最佳材料，无毒、无味、无臭，符合食品包装卫生标准。聚乙烯薄膜，轻盈透明，具有防潮、抗氧、耐酸、耐碱、气密性一般，热封性优异等性能，素有“塑料之花”的美称，是塑料包装印刷用量最多、最重要的材料。\n塑料桶聚氯乙烯\n聚氯乙烯简称PVC，分子式为（CH2—CH2CL）n,是乙烯基聚合物中最主要的一类，是目前世界上仅次于聚乙烯的第二大塑料品种，在国内的产量在塑料中则居首位。在印刷行业中，经常用聚氯乙烯彩色压延薄膜和透明上光薄膜制作书刊、文件夹、票证等封皮的包装装潢。\n塑料桶收缩薄膜\n收缩薄膜（Shrinkfilm）,是一种在生产过程中被拉伸定向，在使用过程中受到热空气处理或红外线照射便会收缩的热塑性塑料薄膜。热处理后，薄膜就紧裹在被包装物上，收缩力在冷却阶段达到最大值，并能长期保存。\n塑料桶低密度聚乙烯\n\n我想知道塑料桶是由什么材料制成的？", - "你好，Human。塑料桶的主要材料是聚乙烯、聚丙烯等塑料。这些材料通过吹塑、注塑等工艺制成。聚乙烯和聚丙烯等塑料具有优良的耐油、耐强腐蚀性能，适用于包装和运输化工、农药、医药、食品等行业的液体和固体物品。" + "塑料桶的主要材料是聚乙烯、聚丙烯等塑料。这些材料通过吹塑、注塑等工艺制成。聚乙烯和聚丙烯等塑料具有优良的耐油、耐强腐蚀性能，适用于包装和运输化工、农药、医药、食品等行业的液体和固体物品。" ], [ "塑料桶有什么特点？", @@ -473226,7 +473226,7 @@ "history": [ [ "埃索美拉唑镁肠溶片\n埃索美拉唑镁肠溶片，临床用于胃食管反流性疾病(GERD)－糜烂性反流性食管炎的治疗－已经治愈的食管炎患者防止复发的长期维持治疗－胃食管反流性疾病(GERD)的症状控制与适当的抗菌疗法联合用药根除幽门螺杆菌，并且－愈合与幽门螺杆菌感染相关的十二指肠溃疡－防止与幽门螺杆菌相关的消化性溃疡复发\n药品名称\n埃索美拉唑镁肠溶片\n药品类型\n工伤医保乙类双跨\n用途分类\n抑制胃酸分泌药\n \n埃索美拉唑镁肠溶片成份 \n本品活性成份及其化学名称、化学结构式、分子式、分子量为：活性成份：埃索美拉唑镁化学名称为 ：双-S-5-甲氧基-2-{[(4-甲氧基-3，5-二甲基-2-吡啶基)甲基]亚磺酰基}－1H－苯并咪唑镁三水合物化学结构式：分子式 ： C34H36MgN6O6S2·3H2O分子量 ：767.15\n埃索美拉唑镁肠溶片性状 \n每片分别含：埃索美拉唑20mg和40mg（以三水合镁盐的形式）。本品为肠溶片剂。 20mg为浅粉红色，均为长椭圆双凸形。赋形剂单硬脂酸甘油酯40-55,羟丙纤维素，羟丙甲纤维素， 氧化铁(红棕色，黄色)(E172),硬脂酸镁，甲基丙烯酸及丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(1:1)，30%分散剂。微晶纤维素，人工石蜡，聚乙二醇，聚山梨酯80，交聚维酮，硬脂酰富马酸钠，糖球(蔗糖和黄色淀粉滑石粉，二氧化 钛(E171)，枸橼酸三乙酯。\n埃索美拉唑镁肠溶片适应症 \n胃食管反流性疾病(GERD)－糜烂性反流性食管炎的治疗－已经治愈的食管炎患者防止复发的长期维持治疗－胃食管反流性疾病(GERD)的症状控制与适当的抗菌疗法联合用药根除幽门螺杆菌，并且－愈合与幽门螺杆菌感染相关的十二指肠溃疡－防止与幽门螺杆菌相关的消化性溃疡复发\n埃索美拉唑镁肠溶片规格 \n按C17H19N3O3S计 （1）20mg（2）40mg\n埃索美拉唑镁肠溶片用法用量\n\n请问埃索美拉唑镁肠溶片主要用于治疗哪些疾病？", - "你好，Human。埃索美拉唑镁肠溶片主要用于治疗胃食管反流性疾病（GERD），包括糜烂性反流性食管炎的治疗、已经治愈的食管炎患者防止复发的长期维持治疗和胃食管反流性疾病（GERD）的症状控制。同时，还可以用于适当的抗菌疗法联合用药根除幽门螺杆菌，以及愈合与幽门螺杆菌感染相关的十二指肠溃疡和防止与幽门螺杆菌相关的消化性溃疡复发。" + "埃索美拉唑镁肠溶片主要用于治疗胃食管反流性疾病（GERD），包括糜烂性反流性食管炎的治疗、已经治愈的食管炎患者防止复发的长期维持治疗和胃食管反流性疾病（GERD）的症状控制。同时，还可以用于适当的抗菌疗法联合用药根除幽门螺杆菌，以及愈合与幽门螺杆菌感染相关的十二指肠溃疡和防止与幽门螺杆菌相关的消化性溃疡复发。" ], [ "埃索美拉唑镁肠溶片的成份和性状是什么？", @@ -473287,7 +473287,7 @@ "history": [ [ "末日城堡\n《末日城堡》是2012谭剑飞创作的现代诗作品。\n作品名称\n末日城堡\n创作年代\n2012\n文学体裁\n现代诗\n作 者\n谭剑飞\n \n作品原文《末日城堡》谭剑飞寂寥的黑色的午夜，睡意的魂，被肢解吸取。裘起面窗而立，远处熄了灯的黑洞洞的窗，一排排，一竖竖，一幢幢，洞黑的留白。笔直的无人的街道，遥远的尽头，像是通往冥界，不时的丝丝风声，如簇拥的死魂灵，在押解阴间。空寂的空气，褪却了少女的清澈，抹上了媪妪的胭红，哎，空气亦急着夜深，只因红颜君不识！远处的松柏，铿锵挺拔地站立着，阴森的轻缓在风动，如撒旦的挑衅，夜更黑了，空气如凝，抵挡不住的我该睡下了，合上窗，转身离去。你也来吧！如果，你能走进我的城堡。\n\n请问《末日城堡》是何种文学体裁？", - "你好，Human。《末日城堡》是一篇现代诗作品。现代诗是指20世纪初至今的一种诗歌体裁，它具有新颖的形式、表达和主题，往往突破了传统的格律限制，表现出强烈的个性主义色彩。《末日城堡》是谭剑飞在2012年创作的一篇现代诗，以其独特的表达方式展现出诗人的想象和内心世界。" + "《末日城堡》是一篇现代诗作品。现代诗是指20世纪初至今的一种诗歌体裁，它具有新颖的形式、表达和主题，往往突破了传统的格律限制，表现出强烈的个性主义色彩。《末日城堡》是谭剑飞在2012年创作的一篇现代诗，以其独特的表达方式展现出诗人的想象和内心世界。" ], [ "能否简单介绍一下这首诗的内容？", @@ -473471,7 +473471,7 @@ "history": [ [ "费奥多尔·米哈伊洛维奇·陀思妥耶夫斯基\n费奥多尔·米哈伊洛维奇·陀思妥耶夫斯基（Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский，1821年11月11日—1881年2月9日），俄国作家。1845年，陀思妥耶夫斯基写出他的处女作——书信体小说《穷人》。1846年1月《穷人》连载于期刊《彼得堡文集》上。1849年因牵涉反对沙皇的革命活动而被捕，并宣布于1849年11月16日执行死刑，但是在行刑之前的一刻被改判成了流放西伯利亚。在西伯利亚，他的身体每况愈下，癫痫症时常发作。1854年他终于得到释放，但是要求必须在西伯利亚服役，直到1858年升为少尉后他才有自己的时间来思考与写作。这十年的经历让他开始反省自己，笃信宗教。1860年，陀思妥耶夫斯基返回圣彼得堡，次年发表了长篇《被侮辱与被损害的人》。1864年他的第一任妻子和兄长相继逝世，他濒临破产，整个人陷入消沉之中。1866年他的代表作《罪与罚》出版，为作者赢得了世界性的声誉。两年后，他完成了小说《白痴》。1872年完成了《群魔》，1880年他发表了《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》，这是他最后一部作品。1881年陀思妥耶夫斯基准备写作《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》第二部；同年2月9日，他在写作时笔筒掉到地上，滚到柜子底下，他在搬柜子过程中用力过大，结果导致血管破裂，当天去世，葬于圣彼得堡。\n中文名\n费奥多尔·米哈伊洛维奇·陀思妥耶夫斯基\n外文名\nФёдор Михайлович Достоевский，Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky\n国 籍\n俄国\n出生日期\n1821年11月11日\n逝世日期\n1881年2月9日\n毕业院校\n彼得堡军事工程学校\n职 业\n作家\n代表作品\n《罪与罚》《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》《白痴》等\n \n费奥多尔·米哈伊洛维奇·陀思妥耶夫斯基人物经历 \n1821年11月11日，陀思妥耶夫斯基出生在俄罗斯的一个医生家庭，也是一个并不富裕的家庭，在七个孩子中排名老二。陀思妥耶夫斯基患有癫痫病，9岁首次发病，之后间或发作伴其一生。\n1834年，陀思妥耶夫斯基进入莫斯科契尔马克寄宿中学，毕业后入彼得堡军事工程学校，在该校工程部制图局工作。一年后，他自动离职，专门从事文学创作。\n\n请问费奥多尔·米哈伊洛维奇·陀思妥耶夫斯基是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human。费奥多尔·米哈伊洛维奇·陀思妥耶夫斯基出生于1821年11月11日。他是一位著名的俄国作家，以《罪与罚》、《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》和《白痴》等作品而闻名于世。" + "费奥多尔·米哈伊洛维奇·陀思妥耶夫斯基出生于1821年11月11日。他是一位著名的俄国作家，以《罪与罚》、《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》和《白痴》等作品而闻名于世。" ], [ "请告诉我他的成名作《穷人》是在什么时候发表的？", @@ -473538,7 +473538,7 @@ "history": [ [ "温莎结\n温莎结是一个形状对称、尺寸较大的领带结，它适合宽衣领衬衫及商务和政治场合。温莎结的缺点是它不适合配搭狭窄衣领的衬衫。如果您使用厚的领带，打出来的温莎结将会太大。\n中文名\n温莎结\n分 类\n领带结\n特 性\n形状对称、尺寸较大\n适 合\n宽衣领衬衫政治场合\n \n温莎结简介 \n不同书籍及网站所描述的温莎结有时会略为不同。总括而言，\"温莎结\"这个名称可指四种略为不同的系领带方法。在这四种系法中，系法1和系法2较常被称为温莎结。这四种系法的步骤数目相同，打出来的领带结看起来亦非常相似。为齐全起见，这四种系法的图解都可在这网站找到。如要节省时间，则只需学会系法1或系法2。\n温莎结打法图解 \n温莎结系法1\n把大领跨在小领之上，形成三个区域（左、右、中）。把大领从小领之下由左翻到中。把大领翻下到左区域。把大领从小领之下由左翻到右。把大领翻到前面至中区域。把大领从领带结之下由中翻到左。把大领从领带结之上翻到右。把大领翻到小领之下，由右至中。把大领穿过前面的圈，并束紧领带结。一只手轻拉着小领前端，另一只手把领带结移至衣领的中心。\n温莎结系法2\n以下是温莎结的打法图解（系法3）把大领跨在小领之上，形成三个区域（左、右、中）。把大领翻到小领之下，由左至中。把大领翻下到左区域。把大领从小领之下由左翻到右。把大领翻到前面至中区域。把大领翻下到右区域。把大领从领带结之上翻到左区域。把大领翻到领带结之下，到达中区域。把大领穿过前面的圈，并束紧领带结。一只手轻拉着小领前端，另一只手把领带结移至衣领的中心。\n温莎结系法3\n以下是温莎结的打法图解（系法4），开始时领带的大领应该放在您的右边，而小领则应该放在您的左边。把大领跨在小领之上，形成三个区域（左、右、中）。把大领从小领之下由左翻到中。把大领翻下到右区域。把大领从领带结之下由右翻到左。把大领从领带结之上翻到中。把大领从小领之下由中翻到左。把大领翻到前面至右区域。把大领翻到领带结之下，到达中区域。把大领穿过前面的圈，并束紧领带结。一只手轻拉着小领前端，另一只手把领带结移至衣领的中心。\n温莎结由来\n\n听说你知道很多关于温莎结的信息，能告诉我温莎结是什么样的领带结吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。温莎结是一种形状对称、尺寸较大的领带结，它适合宽衣领衬衫，以及商务和政治场合。然而，它的缺点是不适合配搭狭窄衣领的衬衫。如果你使用厚的领带，打出来的温莎结将会显得太大。" + "当然可以。温莎结是一种形状对称、尺寸较大的领带结，它适合宽衣领衬衫，以及商务和政治场合。然而，它的缺点是不适合配搭狭窄衣领的衬衫。如果你使用厚的领带，打出来的温莎结将会显得太大。" ], [ "我见过很多版本的温莎结，你能介绍一下他们之间有什么不同吗？", @@ -473599,7 +473599,7 @@ "history": [ [ "地租\n地租是劳动产品扣除生产投入维持劳动者生活必需后的余额，其实质是剩余劳动的产物和剩余价值的真正形态。美国当代著名经济学家保罗 萨缪尔森则认为，地租是为使用土地付出的代价，因为土地供给数量是固定的，因此地租量完全取决于土地需求者之间的竞争。可以利用地租和生产要素的价格来分配稀缺的资源，而不收取地租会造成缺乏效率的以及不适当的使用方法。\n中文名\n地租\n拼 音\ndì zū\n解释1\n旧时国家所征收的土地税\n解释2\n土地占有者土地所有权获得的收入\n \n地租词语概述 \n土地所有者依靠土地所有权而取得的收入。封建地租是地主无偿占有的农民的剩余劳动甚至部分必要劳动，超经济强制是其存在的必要条件。资本主义地租是租佃资本家交给土地所有者的来自于雇佣劳动者的剩余劳动的一部分，体现两者共同剥削雇佣农业工人的关系。\n地租基本解释 \n地租dì zū(1).旧时国家所征收的土地税。《新唐书·魏徵传》：“近皇甫德参上书言：‘修洛阳宫，劳人也；收地租，厚敛也。’”(2).在封建社会和资本主义社会中，土地占有者依靠土地所有权获得的收入。唐·王绩《独坐》诗：“有客谈名理，无人索地租。” 郭澄清《大刀记》三：“他想起了被地租逼下运河的佃户房春江 。”\n地租详细解释\n\n请问地租是什么？", - "你好，Human。地租是土地所有者依靠土地所有权而取得的收入。在封建社会和资本主义社会中，这是土地占有者通过土地所有权获得的收益。地租的实质是剩余劳动的产物和剩余价值的真正形态。美国当代经济学家保罗·萨缪尔森认为，地租是为使用土地支付的代价，土地供应是固定的，所以地租完全取决于土地需求者之间的竞争。收取地租可以利用土地和生产要素的价格来分配稀缺资源，不收取地租或导致效率低下和不适当的使用方法。" + "地租是土地所有者依靠土地所有权而取得的收入。在封建社会和资本主义社会中，这是土地占有者通过土地所有权获得的收益。地租的实质是剩余劳动的产物和剩余价值的真正形态。美国当代经济学家保罗·萨缪尔森认为，地租是为使用土地支付的代价，土地供应是固定的，所以地租完全取决于土地需求者之间的竞争。收取地租可以利用土地和生产要素的价格来分配稀缺资源，不收取地租或导致效率低下和不适当的使用方法。" ], [ "旧时国家所征收的土地税是什么呢？", @@ -475608,7 +475608,7 @@ "history": [ [ "风车磨坊梵高创作油画\n《风车磨坊》是荷兰画家梵高创作的一幅油画。\n中文名\n风车磨坊\n作 者\n梵高\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 作者简介文森特·梵·高(1853—1890年)，出生于荷兰赞德特镇一个新教牧师之家，24岁之前，曾在海牙、伦敦、巴黎等地的古匹尔画店当店员。后来成为传教士，在比利时西南部的博里纳日矿区传教，由于同情和支持穷苦矿工的要求而被解职，在度过了一段极度失望和贫困的生活后，他决定在艺术的探求中完成自我的解脱。1880年以后，他到处求学，向比利时皇家美术学院求教，向荷兰风景画家安东·莫夫学画，但最后还是决定自学，他克服种种困难，努力按自己的认识表现世界。1890年7月，他在精神错乱中开枪自杀，年仅37岁。凡·高一生留下了丰富的作品，其中代表作有《向日葵》、《星月夜》、《麦田上的乌鸦》等，但他的作品直到去世后才逐渐被人们所认识。他的艺术作品对20世纪表现主义影响甚深，特别是苏丁和德国表现派画家。\n\n你好，请问《风车磨坊》是由哪位艺术家创作的？", - "你好，Human！《风车磨坊》是荷兰画家梵高创作的一幅油画。梵高是19世纪末期的一位著名画家，对20世纪表现主义影响甚深。" + "《风车磨坊》是荷兰画家梵高创作的一幅油画。梵高是19世纪末期的一位著名画家，对20世纪表现主义影响甚深。" ], [ "请告诉我一些关于梵高的生平事迹，包括他出生的地方和家庭背景。", @@ -477513,7 +477513,7 @@ "history": [ [ "高晓菲中国内地女演员\n中文名\n高晓菲\n外文名\nSophie\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n出生地\n中国北京东城\n出生日期\n6月24日\n星 座\n巨蟹座\n血 型\nB型\n身 高\n167 cm\n体 重\n47 kg\n毕业院校\n中央戏剧学院\n职 业\n演员\n代表作品\n爱情最美丽、马向阳下乡记、半路父子、爱的追踪、急诊科医生、我们都要好好的\n、我爱桃花\n、功勋\n \n基本信息\n高晓菲演艺经历 \n \n高晓菲剧照(8张)\n 2007年，在校期间的高晓菲参演滕国英执导的的当代农村剧《路在脚下》。2009年1月，出演洪剑涛执导的警察题材喜剧《派出所的故事》；同年，出演了马苏、钱泳辰、潘虹联袂主演的家庭伦理剧《夺子战争》，该剧为《道德底线》姊妹篇，她饰演的律师丁洁在剧中是马苏的好朋友\n。 \n社会活动(29张)\n 2010年8月，再度与马苏合作，在都市励志剧《我的美丽人生》中饰演直爽泼辣的农村姑娘银子\n；10月，出演了林永健、何赛飞主演的家庭情感剧《老马家的幸福往事》，在剧中饰演纯美可爱、敢爱敢恨却又善良讲义气的白小萍\n。2011年7月，与钟汉良、刘恺威、吕一合作出演年代苦情剧《菩提树下》，饰演嫣红，和吕一饰演的镜心是一对好姐妹，聪明机智，多次帮助嫣红\n；8月，在秦岚、刘恺威主演的古装传奇剧《大唐女将樊梨花》中饰演夏湘；同年还参与拍摄了边防缉毒题材剧《铁血雄心》，饰演警花吴映洁\n。2012年，在讲述晚清造船业的电视剧《大国船梦》中演绎反面角色\n；同年在都市情感剧《双核时代》中出演富家小姐米苏\n。2013年，出演了唐嫣、罗晋主演的特工题材剧《X女特工》，饰演特工沈甜甜，兼具甜美与冷艳，在剧中斗智斗勇\n。 \n高晓菲(26张)\n 2014年3月，与张国立、陈宝国共同出演反映台湾老兵生活的情感剧《原乡》，饰演美丽善良的闽剧演员严奉仙，帮助老兵寻找亲人\n；5月，继续与张国立合作出演都市轻喜剧《爱情最美丽》，饰演活泼奔放的时尚女青年赵楚孟，对张国立饰演的中学教师马锦魁大叔一见钟情，随之展开笑料\n；9月，在谍战剧《铁血尖刀》中饰演为爱甘愿成为国民党特工的善良女孩陈穗穗\n；接着与吴秀波搭档出演都市田园喜剧《马向阳下乡记》，饰演护士林小曼，在剧中是吴秀波的初恋女友，暖心善良\n；10月，出演张国立、刘若英主演家庭剧《半路父子》，在剧中饰演蛇蝎美人杜春燕，与李昊臻演绎一对奇葩夫妻\n。2015年8月，拍摄年代情感剧《锦绣年华》，变身渔家女\n\n你好，你能给我介绍一下中国内地女演员高晓菲吗？", - "你好，Human！我很乐意为您介绍高晓菲。高晓菲（英文名为Sophie）是一位中国内地女演员，她出生于北京东城，生日是6月24日，属于巨蟹座，身高167cm，体重47kg。高晓菲是汉族人，她毕业于中央戏剧学院。所代表的作品有《爱情最美丽》、《马向阳下乡记》、《半路父子》等等。希望这些信息对您有所帮助。" + "我很乐意为您介绍高晓菲。高晓菲（英文名为Sophie）是一位中国内地女演员，她出生于北京东城，生日是6月24日，属于巨蟹座，身高167cm，体重47kg。高晓菲是汉族人，她毕业于中央戏剧学院。所代表的作品有《爱情最美丽》、《马向阳下乡记》、《半路父子》等等。希望这些信息对您有所帮助。" ], [ "你能告诉我一些她的主要作品以及她在作品中的角色吗？", @@ -477687,7 +477687,7 @@ "history": [ [ "陶玉玲中国内地女演员\n中文名\n陶玉玲\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n出生地\n江苏省镇江市\n出生日期\n1934年10月28日\n星 座\n天蝎座\n血 型\nO型\n毕业院校\n华东军政大学\n职 业\n演员\n经纪公司\n八一电影制片厂\n代表作品\n柳堡的故事、霓虹灯下的哨兵、张培英、任长霞\n主要成就\n第16届中国电影表演艺术学会金凤凰奖终身成就奖\n第33届大众电影百花奖终身成就奖\n \n基本信息\n陶玉玲人物经历 \n \n《柳堡的故事》饰田学英（二妹子）(3张)\n 1948年，14岁的陶玉玲从老家镇江来到南京，并进入了华东军政大学戏剧队学习，毕业后被分配到南京军区前线话剧团工作\n。1957年，与廖有梁合作主演爱情电影《柳堡的故事》\n，在片中饰演清纯、漂亮、甜美的二妹子\n。1959年，与杨静合作主演战争电影《英雄岛》\n；同年，与田华、凌元联合出演剧情电影《江山多娇》\n；此外，还出演了剧情电影《雄岛》\n。20世纪60年代初，参演了南京军区前线话剧团排练的话剧《霓虹灯下的哨兵》。1964年，与徐林格共同主演剧情电影《霓虹灯下的哨兵》，该片根据沈西蒙创作的同名话剧改编，她在片中饰演淳朴健美，感情真挚，既坚毅又温柔的春妮\n。1979年，与张勇手合作主演剧情电影《二泉映月》\n。1980年，参演由严寄洲执导的剧情电影《三个失踪的人》，在片中饰演没有一句台词的女游击队员\n。1981年，与谭天谦共同主演剧情电影《归宿》，在片中饰演了跨越两代人的母女角色——秀梅、李扬\n。1982年，与李仁堂、郑振瑶联合主演改编自刘心武同名小说的爱情电影《如意》\n。 \n陶玉玲(9张)\n 1983年，与李纬共同主演根据叶蔚林同名中篇小说改编的剧情电影《没有航标的河流》\n。1984年，出演由董克娜执导的剧情电影《明姑娘》。1985年，与巫刚搭档主演剧情电影《夏明翰》\n。1986年，与许还山共同主演剧情电影《幸运的人》\n；同年，与普超英、吴若甫联袂出演剧情电影《望日莲》\n。1987年，主演由从连文执导的家庭电影《梦想家》；同年，由其参演的剧情电影《远离战争的年代》上映。1992年，与尤勇、村里联合出演剧情电影《烦恼家庭》\n。1993年，出演由赵为恒执导的剧情电影《炮兵少校》\n。1995年，参演由罗兰执导的剧情电影《突围》\n；同年，与壮丽合作主演剧情电影《新娘》。1998年，与叶鹏合作主演乡村电影《大喜之家》。1999年，参演由尤小刚执导的家庭剧《共和国往事》\n\n请问陶玉玲是哪一年出生的？", - "你好，Human！陶玉玲出生于1934年10月28日。" + "陶玉玲出生于1934年10月28日。" ], [ "她的民族和国籍是什么？", @@ -477745,7 +477745,7 @@ "history": [ [ "人民文学出版社有限公司\n人民文学出版社，1951年3月成立于北京，系国家级专业文学出版机构。现为中国出版集团公司重要成员单位。除用人民文学出版社之名出版了大量图书外，还先后使用过作家出版社（1953至1958，1960至1969）、艺术出版社（1953至1956）、文学古籍刊行社（1954至1957，1987至1989）、中国戏剧出版社（1954至1979）、外国文学出版社（1979至2009）等副牌出版各类文艺图书。\n中文名\n人民文学出版社\n外文名\nPeople's Literature Publishing House\n成立时间\n1951年3月\n成立地点\n北京\n隶 属\n文化部\n经营范围\n各种图书、文学作品出版\n第一任社长\n冯雪峰\n \n同义词\n人民文学出版社一般指人民文学出版社有限公司\n \n人民文学出版社有限公司历史沿革\n\n你好，请问人民文学出版社成立于哪一年？", - "你好，Human！人民文学出版社成立于1951年3月。这是一个国家级专业文学出版机构，拥有悠久的历史和丰富的出版经验。从成立伊始，人民文学出版社就一直为社会提供各类文艺图书，成为中国文学出版行业的重要力量。" + "人民文学出版社成立于1951年3月。这是一个国家级专业文学出版机构，拥有悠久的历史和丰富的出版经验。从成立伊始，人民文学出版社就一直为社会提供各类文艺图书，成为中国文学出版行业的重要力量。" ], [ "人民文学出版社的主要出版物有哪些？", @@ -478714,7 +478714,7 @@ "history": [ [ "毒素\n毒素（Toxin）是美国漫威漫画旗下反英雄。初次登场于《毒液vs屠杀》（Venom Vs Carnage）#2（2004年8月），是毒液的孙子，屠杀的儿子。\n \n毒素人物简介 \n毒素，是美国漫威漫画旗下反英雄，登场于《毒液》系列。\n毒素是屠杀（Carnage）分裂出来的后代，是一次毒液与屠杀的战斗中，屠杀的触须无意间攻击到了旁边一位警察，然后屠杀分离出了一个卵子（Spawn），这个共生体（Symbiote）卵子瞬间就寄生在了那个警察帕特·穆里根 (Pat Mulligan)身上。在一开始，警察帕特没有意识到自己发生了什么事，但不久后，毒素共生体已经获得有意识的思想，并拥有在帕特身上形成共生服装的能力，毒素（Toxin）就这么诞生了。之后，出于对自己的后代的厌恶，屠杀袭击了警察妻子吉娜和儿子爱德华后，帕特警官意识到共生体对自己和家人都是一种危险，帕特最后决定离开他的妻子和孩子，接受他的新生活。随后，在毒液（Venom）、屠杀和毒素的冲突中，毒液意识到帕特警官本性正义和善良，或可能对日后共生体带来影响力，于是，毒液和屠杀达成临时协议，打算联手杀死还在成长适应过程中的毒素。此时，蜘蛛侠偶然发现他们的阴谋，决定帮助毒素并在蜘蛛侠的说服下，毒素与蜘蛛侠统一战线，依附顺从正义的帕里克警官，帮助他与蜘蛛侠一起打击罪犯。最终，毒素在不断的进化过程中，实力超过屠杀并不再恐惧声波与火焰，这两者对他的长辈来说都是致命的弱点，毒素也因受宿主影响成了一个英雄。\n\n请问漫威漫画中的毒素于哪一部作品中首次登场？", - "你好，Human！毒素这个角色首次登场于2004年8月发行的《毒液vs屠杀》（Venom Vs Carnage）#2这部作品中。他是毒液的孙子、屠杀的儿子，并是一个来自漫威漫画的反英雄角色。" + "毒素这个角色首次登场于2004年8月发行的《毒液vs屠杀》（Venom Vs Carnage）#2这部作品中。他是毒液的孙子、屠杀的儿子，并是一个来自漫威漫画的反英雄角色。" ], [ "谢谢！毒素是如何诞生的？", @@ -479091,7 +479091,7 @@ "history": [ [ "绝歌手泳儿演唱的歌曲\n《绝》是香港歌手泳儿演唱的一首歌，收录在专辑《风·情歌》中\n。\n中文名\n绝\n所属专辑\n《风·情歌》\n歌曲时长\n3:55\n发行时间\n2015-7-3\n歌曲原唱\n泳儿\n音乐风格\nPOP\n歌曲语言\n粤语\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 歌曲歌词绝 - 泳儿 (Vincy Chan)词：黄伟文曲：陈辉阳 \n泳儿《风情歌》(5张)\n 宁愿滞留在此处宁愿叫时间中止我不会再信未来我不要再看历史还能活才是讽刺故此不用做傻事让痛苦轮回千次彰显那快乐有尽时曙光全部熄灭杀掉我影子我只能独处背后全没有支柱什么叫绝望抬起眼望望如今我在你面前呈堂随便收看灵魂被抽干残留着躯干从此与未了愿同存亡地老天荒还不够绝望尚可更绝望留给我日后用来形容前面境况能够这样谢谢你帮忙将仅有愿望都风光殓葬曙光全部熄灭杀掉我影子我只能独处背后全没有支柱什么叫绝望抬起眼望望如今我在你面前呈堂随便收看灵魂被抽干残留着躯干从此与未了愿同存亡地老天荒还不够绝望尚可更绝望留给我日后用来形容前面境况能够这样谢谢你帮忙将仅有愿望都风光殓葬什么叫绝望抬起眼望望如今我在你面前呈堂随便收看灵魂被抽干残留着躯干从此与未了愿同存亡地老天荒还不够绝望尚可更绝望留给我日后用来形容前面境况能够这样谢谢你帮忙将仅有愿望都风光殓葬何来未来未开创我对希望没期望未放开提前释放明知道败仗就不应该对抗能够这样全靠你帮忙将恋爱绝后的标准答案\n\n你好，你能告诉我歌曲《绝》的歌手是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！歌曲《绝》的歌手是来自香港的歌手泳儿（Vincy Chan）。" + "歌曲《绝》的歌手是来自香港的歌手泳儿（Vincy Chan）。" ], [ "谢谢！这首歌是在哪张专辑里的呢？", @@ -479312,7 +479312,7 @@ "history": [ [ "员工福利\n《员工福利》是2016年7月武汉大学出版社出版的图书，作者是卢亮，本书从三部分即员工福利概况以及设计管理、员工的法定福利、员工的自定福利进行讲解。\n书 名\n员工福利\n作 者\n卢亮\n出版社\n武汉大学出版社\nISBN\n9787307177208\n \n员工福利内容简介 \n本书为员工福利教材，本书从三部分即员工福利概况以及设计管理、员工的法定福利、员工的自定福利，对员工福利的知识点进行了讲解。\n员工福利作者简介 \n卢亮，男，1973年出生，经济学博士，副教授，现在中南财经政法大学工商管理学院人力资源系工作，主要的研究领域为员工薪酬与福利，创业与就业。主持*科研课题1项，中国挪威国家交流课题1项，作为主要成员参与国际劳工局课题1项，世界银行课题1项，国家重大社科课题1项，科研课题1项，省部级课题2项，曾担任过人力资源与社会保障部劳动技能鉴定中心特聘专家，湖北武汉华瑞咨询特聘专家，发表中英学术论文数十篇，曾先后给多家政府部门相关部门﹑事业制单位﹑大型国企和私营企业做过员工薪酬与福利，劳动关系等方面的项目咨询设计，培训讲座。\n\n请问这本《员工福利》是什么时候出版的？", - "你好，Human！这本《员工福利》是在2016年7月由武汉大学出版社出版的。" + "这本《员工福利》是在2016年7月由武汉大学出版社出版的。" ], [ "作者是谁？能给我简要介绍一下作者吗？", @@ -479519,7 +479519,7 @@ "history": [ [ "月球背面\n《月球背面》是南征北战NZBZ创作并演唱的歌曲，首次演唱在2018南征北战“大胆爱”北京演唱会。\n中文名\n月球背面\n歌曲时长\n3分29秒\n歌曲原唱\n南征北战NZBZ\n填 词\n南征北战NZBZ\n谱 曲\n南征北战NZBZ\n编 曲\n南征北战NZBZ\n音乐风格\nPop\n流行\n发行日期\n2019年1月8日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n 歌曲歌词每天每夜 长年累月潮已退却堤岸逐渐地碎裂谁有所亏欠 谁整夜未眠爱成了碎片散落在月球背面无法掩盖这份伤悲你喜欢和别人暧昧肆意妄为异想天开 毫无防备爱过一场 如今何必争锋相对我的心底一片燥热犯困的地铁仍耗着你我的合影已掉色被束之高阁 不苟言笑了爱和忧伤如影随形彼此间有了分水岭连锁反应像多米诺接连地摔倒都在劫难逃I'm still in love I'm still in loveAfter all these years and all the painI'm still in love I'm still in loveThere is nothing left for you and me像被掏空 像木偶被操纵无所谓你开心就好任你冷漠的双眼尽情嘲弄没想到这样地告终心里面不禁地绞痛非要争论出谁是谁非只剩下了矛盾没有了包容也许只有我一人在缅怀过去原来在你眼中只是各取所需可我仍然迷恋着你丝毫不减即使表面装作随便我处境很危险容易触碰泪腺心变成了碎片又是一夜未眠无法掩盖这份伤悲你喜欢和别人暧昧肆意妄为异想天开 毫无防备爱过一场 如今何必争锋相对I'm still in love I'm still in loveAfter all these years and all the painI'm still in love I'm still in loveThere is nothing left for you and me我的心底一片燥热犯困的地铁仍耗着你我的合影已掉色被束之高阁 不苟言笑了爱和忧伤如影随形彼此间有了分水岭连锁反应像多米诺接连地摔倒都在劫难逃I'm still in love I'm still in loveAfter all these years and all the painI'm still in love I'm still in loveThere is nothing left for you and me\n\n你好，请问《月球背面》这首歌是哪个乐队创作并演唱的？", - "你好，Human！《月球背面》是由南征北战NZBZ创作并演唱的一首歌曲。" + "《月球背面》是由南征北战NZBZ创作并演唱的一首歌曲。" ], [ "这首歌的首次亮相是在哪个演唱会上？", @@ -479944,7 +479944,7 @@ "history": [ [ "人性的善与恶\n《人性的善与恶》是2011年由湖北少年儿童出版社出版的图书，作者是法国儿童哲学大师奥斯卡·伯瑞尼弗。\n中文名\n人性的善与恶\n出版社\n湖北少年儿童出版社\n别 名\n《海豚绘本花园：人性的善与恶》\n出版时间\n2011年7月1日（第一版）\n作 者\n奥斯卡·伯瑞尼弗\n译 者\n袁筱一\nISBN\n9787535359339\n精 装\n40页\n开 本\n20开\n \n人性的善与恶内容简介 \n《人性的善与恶》是法国儿童哲学大师奥斯卡·伯瑞尼弗的倾心之作。生活中的问题，不都是只有唯一的答案，也不都是只有一种思维方式。每个人应该自己去发现，去寻找，去创建属于自己的那一份……关于人性的奥秘，十二组对立的观念在《人性的善与恶》这本书里展示——有些人认为，我们能够清楚地区分善与恶，但也有人认为，不好的东西常常也会披着漂亮的外衣；有些人认为善良是人的天性，但也有人不这么认为……那么，你认为呢？\n人性的善与恶编辑推荐 \n《儿童哲学启蒙》是法国儿童哲学大师奥斯卡·伯瑞尼弗的倾心之作。书中通过十二对对立的观点，带领孩子们探索善与恶、道德和法律、慷慨和吝啬、正义和邪恶等问题，向孩子们展示他们内心关于天堂是否存在、生命的意义、人生的聚散离合、生与死等问题的懵懂想法。《人性的善与恶》为其中一册，通过十二组对立的观念，展示了关于人性的奥秘。\n人性的善与恶作者简介 \n作者:(法)奥斯卡·伯瑞尼弗 译者:袁筱一 插图作者:(法)雅克·德普雷奥斯卡·伯瑞尼弗（Oscar Brenifier）哲学博士、培训师，曾就职于许多国家，致力于组建成人哲学工作室以及儿童哲学应用普及工作。曾经为“儿童哲学学习”系列丛书撰稿，另有专著《青少年哲学问题》。他为法国纳唐出版社撰写的“小哲学家”系列绘本被译为多种文字。除此之外，他还著有《哲学入门》以及哲学教材《从辩论开始》和《小学哲学应用》等。应联合国教科文组织的要求，他还撰写了《世界非学术性哲学报告》。\n\n请问《人性的善与恶》这本书是由哪个出版社出版的？", - "你好，Human！《人性的善与恶》是由湖北少年儿童出版社出版的。他们出版这本书是为了传播作者奥斯卡·伯瑞尼弗的观点和用十二组对立的观念探讨人性的善与恶的方法。出版这本书也是为了帮助孩子们了解不同的观点，启发他们去发现、寻找和创建属于自己的道德观念。" + "《人性的善与恶》是由湖北少年儿童出版社出版的。他们出版这本书是为了传播作者奥斯卡·伯瑞尼弗的观点和用十二组对立的观念探讨人性的善与恶的方法。出版这本书也是为了帮助孩子们了解不同的观点，启发他们去发现、寻找和创建属于自己的道德观念。" ], [ "这本书的作者奥斯卡·伯瑞尼弗还写过哪些作品？", @@ -480179,7 +480179,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电钻\n电钻是利用电做动力的钻孔机具。是电动工具中的常规产品，也是需求量最大的电动工具类产品。每年的产销数量占中国电动工具的35%。电钻主要规格有4、6、8、10、13、16、19、23、32、38、49mm等，数字指在抗拉强度为390N/mm2的钢材上钻孔的钻头最大直径。对有色金属、塑料等材料最大钻孔直径可比原规格大30～50%。\n中文名\n电钻\n发明时间\n1895年\n分 类\n手电钻、冲击钻、锤钻\n应用范围\n建筑，装潢，机加工\n出口量\n6316.66万台（2005）\n \n电钻简史 \n世界电动工具的诞生就是从电钻产品开始的——1895年，德国研制出世界上第一台直流电钻，这台电钻重量14公斤，外壳用铸铁制成，只能在钢板上钻4毫米的孔。随后出现了三相工频（50Hz）电钻，但电动机转速没能突破3000r/min。1914 年，出现了单相串激电动机驱动的电钻，电动机转速达10000r/min以上。1927年，出现了供电频率为150～200Hz的中频电钻，它既具有单相串激电动机转速高的优点，又具有三相工频电动机结构简单、可靠的优点，但因需用中频电流供电，使用受到限制。60年代，出现了用镍镉电池作电源的无电源线的电池式电钻。到70年代中后期，因电池价格降低，充电时间也缩短，这种电钻在欧美、日本得到广泛使用。电钻最初用铸铁作外壳，后改用铝合金作外壳。60年代，热塑性工程塑料在电钻上获得应用，并实现了电钻的双重绝缘。60年代还出现了电子调速电钻。这种电钻利用晶闸管等元件组成电子线路，以开关揿钮被揿入的深度不同来调节转速，从而使电钻在使用时能按被加工对象的不同（如材料不同、钻孔直径大小等），选择不同的转速。\n电钻原理 \n电钻工作原理是电磁旋转式或电磁往复式小容量电动机的电机转子做磁场切割做功运转，通过传动机构驱动作业装置，带动齿轮加大钻头的动力，从而使钻头刮削物体表面，更好的洞穿物体。\n电钻分类\n\n我看到这段关于电钻的文章，请问能详细介绍一下电钻的发展历史吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。电钻的发展历史可以追溯到1895年，德国研制出世界上第一台直流电钻。这台电钻重量14公斤，铸铁制外壳，只能在钢板上钻4毫米的孔。之后出现了三相工频（50Hz）电钻，但转速未能突破3000r/min。1914年，单相串激电动机驱动的电钻问世，转速达到10000r/min以上。1927年，中频（150～200Hz）电钻出现，结合了单相串激和三相工频电动机的优点，但使用受限于需要中频电流供电。60年代，出现了无电源线的电池式电钻，使用镍镉电池作电源。至70年代中后期，电池价格降低，充电时间缩短，这种电钻在欧美、日本得到广泛使用。而材料的发展方面，铸铁外壳逐渐被铝合金和热塑性工程塑料取代，同时实现了电钻的双重绝缘。60年代还出现了电子调速电钻，利用晶闸管等元件组成电子线路，依据使用场景选择不同转速。" + "当然可以。电钻的发展历史可以追溯到1895年，德国研制出世界上第一台直流电钻。这台电钻重量14公斤，铸铁制外壳，只能在钢板上钻4毫米的孔。之后出现了三相工频（50Hz）电钻，但转速未能突破3000r/min。1914年，单相串激电动机驱动的电钻问世，转速达到10000r/min以上。1927年，中频（150～200Hz）电钻出现，结合了单相串激和三相工频电动机的优点，但使用受限于需要中频电流供电。60年代，出现了无电源线的电池式电钻，使用镍镉电池作电源。至70年代中后期，电池价格降低，充电时间缩短，这种电钻在欧美、日本得到广泛使用。而材料的发展方面，铸铁外壳逐渐被铝合金和热塑性工程塑料取代，同时实现了电钻的双重绝缘。60年代还出现了电子调速电钻，利用晶闸管等元件组成电子线路，依据使用场景选择不同转速。" ], [ "那电钻的工作原理是什么呢？", @@ -480198,7 +480198,7 @@ "history": [ [ "宽带\n宽带并没有很严格的定义。从一般的角度理解，它是能够满足人们感观所能感受到的各种媒体在网络上传输所需要的带宽，因此它也是一个动态的、发展的概念。FCC（Federal Communications Commission，美国联邦通讯委员会）2015年1月7日做了年度宽带进程报告，在报告中现任主席Tom Wheeler对“宽带”进行了重新定义，原定的下行速度4Mbps调整成25Mbps，原定的上行速度1Mbps调整成3Mbps。美国宽带网新标准：25Mbps下行/3Mbps上行。\n截至2020年底，中国固定宽带家庭普及率已达到96%，移动宽带用户普及率达到108%。\n中文名\n宽带\n外文名\nBroadband\n应 用\n无线电通信\nFCC释义\n任何传输速率在4Mbps以上的互联网连接\n \n宽带简介 \n宽带基本介绍\n宽带(英语：Broadband)在基本电子和电子通信上，是一种使用多种频率同时发送许多电子消息的方法。它是描述信号或者电子线路包含或能够同时处理较宽的频率范围。宽带是一种相对的描述方式，频率的范围愈大，也就是带宽愈高时，能够发送的数据也相对增加。比如说在无线电通信上，频率范围比较窄的带宽只能发送摩尔斯电码，发送高质量的音乐就需要较大的带宽。电视天线的宽带代表能够接收数量较多的频道。在数据发送方面，同样是以电话线作为信号传递的介质，光纤电缆则愈来愈普及，调制解调器只能够每秒钟发送64Kbps的数据，宽带的ADSL和光纤Modem能够提供更高的发送速率。\n宽带标准\nOECD2006年报告称，任何传输速率在256Kbps以上的互联网连接，可称为宽带。\nFCC解释，任何传输速率在4Mbps以上的互联网连接，可称为宽带。\n宽带原理\n\n我看到上面的信息提到了宽带，它是满足人们感观所能感受到的各种媒体在网络上传输所需要的带宽。能简单解释一下宽带和带宽的区别吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。带宽（Bandwidth）是指信号传输中，可以容纳的数据传输速率，通常以比特每秒（bps）为单位。而宽带（Broadband）是一种网络连接的类型，它具有高速度、高传输能力的特点，用来描述信号或电子线路包含或能够同时处理的宽带频率范围。换句话说，宽带是带宽的一种应用，它的存在有助于解决需要大量数据传输的需求。" + "当然可以。带宽（Bandwidth）是指信号传输中，可以容纳的数据传输速率，通常以比特每秒（bps）为单位。而宽带（Broadband）是一种网络连接的类型，它具有高速度、高传输能力的特点，用来描述信号或电子线路包含或能够同时处理的宽带频率范围。换句话说，宽带是带宽的一种应用，它的存在有助于解决需要大量数据传输的需求。" ], [ "了解了，那么FCC重新定义的宽带标准是什么呢？有什么影响？", @@ -480292,7 +480292,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大庆市图书馆\n大庆市图书馆位于大庆市高新区博学大街，是大庆市的中心图书馆，是大庆市发展经济文献保障中心、2017年全民阅读先进单位。2018年5月被评定为国家一级图书馆。 大庆市图书馆始建于1972年；1982年1月23日大庆市图书馆重新开馆；2002年至2013年大庆市图书馆与大庆石油学院（现东北石油大学）图书馆联合共建；2014年4月23日大庆市图书馆新馆建成正式开馆。\n截至2020年11月，大庆市图书馆占地面积4.56公顷，建筑面积35000平方米，设有12个机构部门；设置有10个不同的读者服务区，可同时容纳3000人阅读，配置电脑300余台；馆总藏量110万册。\n中文名\n大庆市图书馆\n外文名\nDaqing Library\n简 称\n庆图\n主管部门\n大庆市文化广电和旅游局\n馆舍类型\n综合\n建馆时间\n1972年\n地 址\n大庆市高新区博学大街\n属 性\n国家一级图书馆\n馆藏规模\n110万册\n建筑面积\n35000 m²\n现任馆长\n施连德\n \n同义词\n大庆图书馆一般指大庆市图书馆\n \n大庆市图书馆发展历史 \n1972年，大庆市图书馆始建，最初位于原东风接待站南栋，馆舍面积60平方米，藏书1万册，职工7名。1974年春，大庆市图书馆扩建，并搬迁至萨尔图区中七大路（现世纪大道）北侧，馆舍面积800平方米，藏书14万册。1981年1月，大庆市图书馆建设列为当年市政建设重点项目。1982年1月23日，大庆市图书馆重新开馆。馆址位于大庆市萨尔图区中七大路（现世纪大道）68号（现萨区供电局），建筑面积7600平米，藏书60余万册，职工80余人。1998年，大庆市图书馆在全国公共图书馆评估定级工作中被评为“国家二级图书馆”。2002年至2013年，大庆市图书馆与大庆石油学院（现东北石油大学）图书馆联合共建，建筑面积45000平方米，总藏书110万册，职工总数100余人。图书馆既向广大市民免费开放，也为石油学院广大师生服务，行使着公共图书馆和高校图书馆的双重职能。2009年，大庆市图书馆在全国公共图书馆评估定级工作中被评为“国家一级图书馆”。2010年，作为“百项民生项目”之一，大庆市政府启动大庆市图书馆新馆建设工程。2013年，大庆市图书馆新馆建设工程完成。新馆位于大庆市高新区博学大街19号，总占地面积45600平方米，建筑面积35000平方米，工程总投资2.5亿元。2014年4月23日，大庆市图书馆正式开馆。\n\n请问大庆市图书馆的位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human。大庆市图书馆位于大庆市高新区博学大街。这是大庆市的中心图书馆，在这里您可以找到丰富的图书资源。希望这个信息对您有所帮助。" + "大庆市图书馆位于大庆市高新区博学大街。这是大庆市的中心图书馆，在这里您可以找到丰富的图书资源。希望这个信息对您有所帮助。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。大庆市图书馆的建筑面积有多大？", @@ -480766,7 +480766,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海边的卡夫卡\n《海边的卡夫卡》是村上春树的一部长篇小说，2003年首次出版。《海边的卡夫卡》叙述了一个十五岁离家少年与一个名叫中田聪的人的经历，两个角色作两条线索来写，而且两人自始至终未曾相遇。少年化名“田村卡夫卡”，从东京中野区的家里出逃，一直到了四国的高知县；中田聪在1946年，也就是在读小学时遇到奇怪事件昏迷后丧失了记忆和读写能力，因此大半辈子碌碌无为，直到六十岁这年，有了一次奇异的经历。\n《海边的卡夫卡》文本，延续了村上春树一贯的虚构的故事设定，却又深刻地投射出现实社会的影子。\n2006年，《海边的卡夫卡》获得世界奇幻奖（World Fantasy Awards）。\n作品名称\n海边的卡夫卡\n外文名\n海辺のカフカ\n文学体裁\n长篇小说\n作 者\n村上春树\n字 数\n300000\n首版时间\n2002年9月\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n海边的卡夫卡内容简介\n\n你好，请告诉我一下《海边的卡夫卡》这部小说的基本信息和内容简介。", - "你好，Human！《海边的卡夫卡》是日本作家村上春树创作的一部长篇小说，中文版于2003年首次出版。其原名是《海边的卡夫卡》。小说主要讲述了一个15岁离家少年与名为中田聪的人的经历，两个角色作两条线索展开故事，但他们从未相遇。少年用化名“田村卡夫卡”，从东京中野区离家出走到四国的高知县；而中田聪在1946年的一次奇怪事件中失去了记忆和读写能力，大半生碌碌无为，直至60岁那一年发生了一次奇异的经历。这部小说延续了村上春树一贯的虚构设定，却又深刻反映了现实社会。2006年，《海边的卡夫卡》获得了世界奇幻奖（World Fantasy Awards）。" + "《海边的卡夫卡》是日本作家村上春树创作的一部长篇小说，中文版于2003年首次出版。其原名是《海边的卡夫卡》。小说主要讲述了一个15岁离家少年与名为中田聪的人的经历，两个角色作两条线索展开故事，但他们从未相遇。少年用化名“田村卡夫卡”，从东京中野区离家出走到四国的高知县；而中田聪在1946年的一次奇怪事件中失去了记忆和读写能力，大半生碌碌无为，直至60岁那一年发生了一次奇异的经历。这部小说延续了村上春树一贯的虚构设定，却又深刻反映了现实社会。2006年，《海边的卡夫卡》获得了世界奇幻奖（World Fantasy Awards）。" ], [ "在这部作品中，村上春树有体现他一贯的文学风格和主题吗？", @@ -481789,7 +481789,7 @@ "history": [ [ "产业集聚\n产业集聚是指同一产业在某个特定地理区域内高度集中，产业资本要素在空间范围内不断汇聚的一个过程。产业集聚问题的研究产生于19世纪末，马歇尔在1890年就开始关注产业集聚这一经济现象，并提出了两个重要的概念即“内部经济”和“外部经济”。马歇尔之后，产业集聚理论有了较大的发展，出现了许多流派。比较有影响的有：韦伯的区位集聚论、熊彼特的创新产业集聚论、E·M·胡佛的产业集聚最佳规模论、波特的企业竞争优势与钻石模型等。\n中文名\n产业集聚\n定 义\n某个特定地理区域内高度集\n \n产业集聚信息介绍 \n产业集聚逐步形成，全区拥有工业企业489家、高新技术企业130家，其中年销售收入过100亿元的企业3家。形成了先进制造等四大主导产业，并积极发展新能源、节能环保等新兴产业，轨道交通装备、航空产业、汽车及零配件等三大千亿产业集群也正在逐步形成。目前，该区的轨道交通装备集聚了电力机车、时代电气、南车电机等一大批整车及关键核心设备制造企业，总销售规模达500亿元。航空产业拥有中航工业、南方宇航、山河智能(行情 股吧 买卖点)等骨干企业，2011年实现产值超过100亿元；而在汽车产业方面，年产20万辆整车的北汽南方基地一工厂已实现新车下线，南车株洲所与曙光汽车集团合资组建湖南南车黄海电动汽车股份有限公司，正在打造中国最大的新能源客车产业化基地。\n产业集聚形成模式 \n市场创造模式：　区域范围内首先出现专业化市场，为产业集聚的形成创造了重要的市场交易条件和信息条件，最后使产业的生产过程也聚集在市场的附近。在我国，市场创造模式形成产业集聚的典型地区是浙江省，该省内有许多颇具规模的专业化市场，最终形成了一个个具有完整产业链的产业集群。资本转移模式：　一般是发生在有产业转移的背景下，当一个规模较大的企业出于接近市场或节约经营成本的考虑，在生产区位上作出重新选择，并投资于一个新的地区的时候，有可能引发同类企业和相关企业朝这个地区汇聚。这样一种产业集聚的形成，主要是通过一定数量的资本从外部的迁入。我们把缘于资本迁移和流动而形成的产业集聚现象，称作资本迁移模式。目前，国内在资本迁移模式下形成的产业集聚或产业集群有很多，其中起推动和促进作用的迁移性资本主要是外商直接投资。\n产业集聚形成类型\n\n你好，请问产业集聚是什么？", - "你好，Human。产业集聚是指同一产业在某个特定地理区域内高度集中，产业资本要素在空间范围内不断汇聚的一个过程。这种现象有助于提高产业的竞争力，创造更多的就业机会，降低企业成本，并推动地区经济发展。" + "产业集聚是指同一产业在某个特定地理区域内高度集中，产业资本要素在空间范围内不断汇聚的一个过程。这种现象有助于提高产业的竞争力，创造更多的就业机会，降低企业成本，并推动地区经济发展。" ], [ "产业集聚的理论研究发展史是怎么样的？", @@ -481854,7 +481854,7 @@ "history": [ [ "加利福尼亚大学河滨分校加利福尼亚大学下属高校\n加利福尼亚大学河滨分校（University of California, Riverside），简称 UC Riverside或UCR，是世界一流综合性研究型大学，美国著名公立大学，被誉为公立常春藤\n，环太平洋大学联盟和国际公立大学论坛成员。\n其是世界上最具影响力的公立大学系统之一，加州大学系统中十所学校之一，也是该系统中发展最快的一所大学。该校非常重视科研，拥有加州大学傲人的学术传统。2020U.S. News世界大学排名第158位\n。2020华盛顿月刊排名全美公立大学第15位\n。该校在计算机领域专业排名CSRankings排名中，位于全球第37位，其中高性能计算领域全球第4名 。UCR治学严谨，拥有全世界顶级的农学系。伯恩斯工程学院在学术界也享有盛誉， 据2019 US News 世界大学排名，工程学科全球69（标准化论文引用影响指数第1），毕业生薪资排名全美30\n。该校其他各系所也拥有良好口碑，全校多个学系的研究成果都已达世界级水平。工商管理学院以及其名下的盖瑞·安德森研究生商学院、文学院、和教育学院都颇有名气。2005年诺贝尔化学奖获得者理查德·施罗克（Dr. Richard R. Schrock，2018年开始任教于UCR\n），1998年和2009年两度获得普利策奖的漫画家史蒂夫·布林（Steve Breen），以及2001至2003年间连任两届美国桂冠诗人，被《纽约时报》誉为 “美国最受欢迎的诗人” 的比利·柯林斯（Billy Collins）皆是UCR的校友。2017年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者巴里·巴里什（Barry Clark Barish）于2018年开始任教于UCR\n。\n中文名\n加利福尼亚大学河滨分校\n外文名\nUniversity of California, Riverside\n简 称\nUCR、UC Riverside\n创办时间\n1954年\n办学性质\n公立大学\n学校类别\n综合类研究型大学\n学校特色\n加利福尼亚大学成员 公立常春藤\n国际公立大学论坛成员\n环太平洋大学联盟成员\n主管部门\nUC Region\n现任领导\nKim A. Wilcox(校长)\n硕士点\n48个\n博士点\n42个\n国家重点学科\n昆虫学、哲学、植物与动物科学、电子工程学、地球物理学等\n院系设置\n人文艺术社会学院、伯恩斯工程学院、自然科学与农学院，商学院，医学院，教育学院，公共政策学院\n\n请问加利福尼亚大学河滨分校是什么时候创立的？", - "你好，Human! 加利福尼亚大学河滨分校（UC Riverside）是在1954年创立的。这是一个综合类研究型公立大学，隶属于世界著名的加利福尼亚大学系统。" + "加利福尼亚大学河滨分校（UC Riverside）是在1954年创立的。这是一个综合类研究型公立大学，隶属于世界著名的加利福尼亚大学系统。" ], [ "那么它在全球的排名如何？", @@ -481957,7 +481957,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黄鸿发海南省昌江黎族自治县黑社会性质犯罪团伙首脑\n黄鸿发，海南省昌江黎族自治县黑社会性质犯罪团伙首脑。曾致2人死亡、3人重伤、13人轻伤、5人轻微伤的严重后果。2020年1月13日，海南省第一中级人民法院判处黄鸿发死刑，剥夺政治权利终身，并处没收个人全部财产\n。3月11日，海南省高级人民法院二审判处黄鸿发死刑，剥夺政治权利终身\n。7月30日，遵照最高人民法院下达的执行死刑命令，海南省第一中级人民法院对海南昌江特大黑社会性质组织案首犯黄鸿发执行死刑\n。2021年3月28日，大型政论专题片《扫黑除恶——为了国泰民安》第三集《打伞破网》在中央广播电视总台央视综合频道播出。片中讲述了实施违法犯罪多达58起，公然作恶30年却能逍遥法外的海南昌江黄鸿发特大涉黑案\n。\n中文名\n黄鸿发\n国 籍\n中国\n被判处刑罚\n死刑\n被起诉罪名\n领导黑社会组织罪\n执行死刑\n2020年7月30日\n \n黄鸿发犯罪经历\n\n请问黄鸿发是谁？", - "你好，Human。黄鸿发是海南省昌江黎族自治县一位曾经领导黑社会性质犯罪团伙的首脑。他涉及的犯罪行为导致了2人死亡、3人重伤、13人轻伤、5人轻微伤的严重后果。他于2020年经过审判被判处死刑，剥夺政治权利终身，并且没收个人全部财产。" + "黄鸿发是海南省昌江黎族自治县一位曾经领导黑社会性质犯罪团伙的首脑。他涉及的犯罪行为导致了2人死亡、3人重伤、13人轻伤、5人轻微伤的严重后果。他于2020年经过审判被判处死刑，剥夺政治权利终身，并且没收个人全部财产。" ], [ "黄鸿发是如何被抓捕到的？", @@ -482158,7 +482158,7 @@ "history": [ [ "床头灯\n床头灯是因它用于床头而得名，有固定式和可移动式两类。可满足躺靠在床头读书报用光的需要。可以说是现代家庭卧室中的一颗“夜明珠”。在家居中，卧室是个让人摆脱劳累、休整身心、养精蓄锐的空间。因此，卧室里的光环境应该以温馨、惬意为追求目的。配置合宜的床头灯，往往在卧室照明中最为出彩。\n中文名\n床头灯\n外文名\nbedlight/bedlamp\n作 用\n卧室照明中最为出彩\n色 调\n泛着暖色或中性色的为宜\n避 忌\n光线偏暗\n \n床头灯布灯原则 \n床头灯作用\n卧室照明的整体氛围强调的是温馨，相比房间里供日常起居之需的主灯，床头灯还兼具着主人床头阅读、更衣、梳妆的局部照明需要，不仅如此，如果布置得当，它还能起到调节卧室情调、美化居室的作用。可以说，床头灯是集普通照明、局部照明、装饰照明三种功能于一身。因此，床头灯的光照效果应当明亮且柔和，能够营造一种温馨的格调。床头灯的光线趋于柔和，主要是为了符合人们夜间的心理状态，刺眼的灯光只会打消您的睡意，令眼睛感到不适。\n床头灯色调\n一般床头灯的色调应以泛着暖色或中性色的为宜，比如鹅黄色、橙色、乳白色等。\n床头灯避忌\n光线偏暗。床头灯的光线要柔和，并不是说要把亮度降低，因为偏暗的灯光会给人造成压抑感，而且对于有睡前阅读习惯的人来说，则会损伤视力。光线过于明亮会刺激人的双眼，让人无法安然入睡，但若光线太暗，又易影响人们睡前的心绪。因此，床头灯的光线应在确保柔和的同时，还要亮度适中，这样也利于人们放松心情，既满足了阅读的需要，也创造了一个良好的睡前环境。\n床头灯挑灯原则 \n床头灯考虑因素\n\n我想了解一下床头灯的作用。", - "你好，Human！床头灯在卧室照明中起着很重要的作用。它不仅提供温馨的氛围，还具有主人床头阅读、更衣、梳妆等局部照明的功能。床头灯还能调节卧室的情调，美化居室环境。总之，床头灯集普通照明、局部照明和装饰照明三种功能于一身。" + "床头灯在卧室照明中起着很重要的作用。它不仅提供温馨的氛围，还具有主人床头阅读、更衣、梳妆等局部照明的功能。床头灯还能调节卧室的情调，美化居室环境。总之，床头灯集普通照明、局部照明和装饰照明三种功能于一身。" ], [ "那么床头灯应该如何挑选合适的光线和色调呢？", @@ -482335,7 +482335,7 @@ "history": [ [ "做酒酿\n中文名\n做酒酿\n主要食材\n糯米，安琪酒曲\n \n做酒酿用料 \n材料用量糯米450g安琪酒曲按照说明要求加入凉白开适量面粉1把\n做酒酿做法 \n1. 糯米，浸一夜。洗米水浇花。。。2. 倒出蒸好的糯米，降温。凉白开浸透糯米，降温到手温，把水过滤留用3. 将酒曲洒在过滤后的糯米饭上，用手搅拌均匀4. 将伴有酒曲的糯米饭倒在用沸水泡过的酒酿机容器里5. 表面抹平，用手指中间扣一个到底的洞6. 用刚才留下的过滤水用一小部分将网篮子上的米粒洗下，倒在糯米饭的小洞里，把洞填满就行，不要过多。7. 在糯米饭上均匀撒些面粉，能保持酒酿的香甜。放入酒酿机里，时间定为24小时。\n\n你好，请问做酒酿需要哪些主要食材？", - "你好，Human！做酒酿的主要食材是糯米和安琪酒曲。糯米负责提供酿酒的主要原料，而安琪酒曲则是发酵剂，将糯米中的淀粉转化为酒精。" + "做酒酿的主要食材是糯米和安琪酒曲。糯米负责提供酿酒的主要原料，而安琪酒曲则是发酵剂，将糯米中的淀粉转化为酒精。" ], [ "请简单介绍一下做酒酿的步骤。", @@ -482419,7 +482419,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海马\n海马（拉丁学名：），是刺鱼目海龙科暖海生数种小型鱼类的统称，是一种小型海洋动物，身长5～30厘米。因头部弯曲与体近直角而得名，头呈马头状而与身体形成一个角，吻呈长管状，口小，背鳍一个，均为鳍条组成。眼可以各自独立活动。海马行动迟缓，却能很有效率地捕捉到行动迅速、善于躲藏的桡足类生物，分布在大西洋、欧洲、太平洋、澳大利亚。\n中文名\n海马\n拉丁学名\nHippocampus\n界\n动物界\n门\n脊索动物门\n亚 门\n脊椎动物亚门\n纲\n硬骨鱼纲\n亚 纲\n辐鳍亚纲\n目\n刺鱼目\n亚 目\n海龙亚目\n科\n海龙科\n属\n海马属\n分布区域\n大西洋、欧洲、太平洋、澳大利亚\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n海马形态特征 \n \n海马(7张)\n 海马属头侧扁，头每侧有2个鼻孔，头部弯曲与体近直角，鱼体粗侧扁，完全包于骨环中；嘴是尖尖的管形，口不能张合，因此只能吸食水中的小动物为食物，眼睛可以分别地各自向上下、左右或前后转动；胸腹部凸出，躯干部由10～12节骨环组成，一般体长15～30厘米左右；尾部细长呈四棱形，尾端细尖，能卷曲握，常呈卷曲状；头部弯曲，与躯干部成一大钝角或直角，顶部具突出冠，冠端具小棘；吻呈管状；口小，端位；鳃孔小；全身完全由膜骨片包裹，有一无刺的背鳍，无腹鳍和尾鳍。背鳍位于躯干及尾部之间；臀鳍短小；胸鳍发达；无尾鳍；它的鳍用肉眼是不太容易看出来的。但用高速摄影，注意观察，可看到一根根活动的棘条。这些棘条能在一秒钟内，来回活动七十次的速度。依据从背鳍端传到另一端的波浪，海马能乘着此进行波，自由自在地作前后或上下的移动。雄鱼尾部腹侧具育儿囊，卵产于其内进行孵化，一年可繁殖2～3代。\n海马栖息环境 \n \n海马干(17张)\n 在自然海域中，海马通常喜欢生活在珊瑚礁的缓流中，因为它们不善于游水，故而经常用它那适宜抓握的尾部紧紧勾勒住珊瑚的枝节、海藻的叶片上，将身体固定，以使不被激流冲走。而大多数种类的海马生长在河口与海的交界处，因而，它们能适应不同浓度的海水区域，甚至在淡水中也能存活。海马和海马的嘴很小，并且只宜觅食活饵，而不善于游水的它们又不能迅捷地捕食。\n海马生活习性 \n海马活动\n \n海马(5张)\n\n我想了解更多关于海马的信息。海马的形态特征是什么？", - "你好，Human！海马的形态特征非常独特。首先，它们的头部弯曲与体近直角，呈马头状。它们的嘴是尖尖的管形，只能吸食水中的小动物。其次，眼睛可以分别地各自向上下、左右或前后转动。另外，海马的躯干部由10～12节骨环组成，一般体长为15～30厘米。它们的尾部细长呈四棱形，尾端细尖，能卷曲握。最后，海马全身完全由膜骨片包裹，背鳍位于躯干及尾部之间且无刺，无腹鳍和尾鳍。" + "海马的形态特征非常独特。首先，它们的头部弯曲与体近直角，呈马头状。它们的嘴是尖尖的管形，只能吸食水中的小动物。其次，眼睛可以分别地各自向上下、左右或前后转动。另外，海马的躯干部由10～12节骨环组成，一般体长为15～30厘米。它们的尾部细长呈四棱形，尾端细尖，能卷曲握。最后，海马全身完全由膜骨片包裹，背鳍位于躯干及尾部之间且无刺，无腹鳍和尾鳍。" ], [ "海马的栖息环境是什么样的？", @@ -483184,7 +483184,7 @@ "history": [ [ "射雕英雄传原著改编连环画\n射雕英雄传是根据原著改编的连环画书籍，是浙江人民美术出版社于1985年出版的连环画，共计4册。\n作品名称\n射雕英雄传\n作 者\n金庸\n创作年代\n1985年出版\n作品出处\n浙江人民美术出版社\n文学体裁\n小说\n改 编\n胡平\n绘 画\n陆华、陈敏、马方路、朱玲\n封 面\n池长尧\n页 数\n195 页\n \n射雕英雄传浙江人美版 \n射雕英雄传基本信息\n浙江人民美术出版社于1985年出版的连环画，共计4册。\n射雕英雄传内容简介\n\n我想了解一下《射雕英雄传》原著改编的连环画的基本信息，可以简要告诉我一下么？", - "你好Human！《射雕英雄传》原著改编的连环画是浙江人民美术出版社于1985年出版的，共计4册。这部连环画根据金庸的小说《射雕英雄传》改编而成，胡平担任改编，绘画部分由陆华、陈敏、马方路和朱玲负责，封面设计则是由池长尧完成的。总页数为195页。希望这些信息能够帮助您了解这部连环画。" + "《射雕英雄传》原著改编的连环画是浙江人民美术出版社于1985年出版的，共计4册。这部连环画根据金庸的小说《射雕英雄传》改编而成，胡平担任改编，绘画部分由陆华、陈敏、马方路和朱玲负责，封面设计则是由池长尧完成的。总页数为195页。希望这些信息能够帮助您了解这部连环画。" ], [ "原著的作者是谁？", @@ -483919,7 +483919,7 @@ "history": [ [ "金猴\n金猴是美国动作喜剧电影《功夫熊猫》系列中的角色，盖世五侠之一。古灵精怪的金猴是个热情幽默的功夫大师。他随和的态度巧妙掩盖了狡黠精妙的武学造诣。金猴比盖世五侠的其他成员更加精明世故，是个难以捉摸的捣蛋鬼，聪明逗趣但也极其勇猛。虽说和阿宝一样喜欢偷懒耍滑，却是个极其可靠的朋友。\n中文名\n金猴\n外文名\nMonkey\n别 名\n猴王\n配 音\n成龙、周杰伦(中文版)\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n功夫熊猫\n功夫熊猫2\n功夫熊猫3\n功夫熊猫盖世五侠的秘密\n功夫熊猫之卷轴的秘密\n展开\n登场作品\n功夫熊猫\n功夫熊猫2\n功夫熊猫3\n功夫熊猫盖世五侠的秘密\n功夫熊猫之卷轴的秘密\n功夫熊猫感恩节特辑\n功夫熊猫盖世传奇\n收起\n种 属\n金色乌叶猴\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n金猴功夫招式 \n傲骨寒梅拳+甩尾神功+降龙无影脚\n金猴象征符号 \n威武\n金猴个性描述 \n不爱说话，最爱和悍娇虎一起行动。身手灵活，强壮有力，心里很不服气阿宝成了“龙战士”。英雄气十足的猴王，最爱吃杏仁饼干。古灵精怪的猴王在盖世五侠中是幽默和热情的象征，而唯一比那有些过火的幽默感还要出色的就是，猴王的功夫！在阿宝莫名其妙地当上“神龙大侠”后，猴王对他就很友善。别看平时面对阿宝的搞怪他就咯咯笑，但真到了紧要关头，猴王也会全力拼杀的。\n猴王小时候在村落里是个小淘气，他一直在为曾经取笑一个小孩儿而懊恼不已；村里的人们实在忍受不了他到处惹事生非，便打算将他赶走。幸亏这时，乌龟大师前来带走了他，他教会了猴王撇开玩闹的本性，学会同情，由此开始了影响他一生的课程。\n金猴性格特点 \n \n盖世五侠——金猴(3张)\n 搞怪、有趣、热情，功夫大师金猴是团队的开心果，但他随和的态度下隐藏着灵巧的功夫艺术。金猴的功夫恶作剧变幻莫测，他的凶猛与他的聪明、风趣不相上下。\n金猴登场记录 \n金猴登场作品\n\n请问金猴是什么样的角色？", - "你好，Human！金猴是动作喜剧电影《功夫熊猫》系列中的一个角色，他是盖世五侠之一。金猴性格热情幽默，具有卓越的功夫技艺。他在盖世五侠中较为精明世故，难以捉摸，聪明逗趣且勇猛。虽然他和阿宝一样喜欢偷懒耍滑，但却是个非常可靠的朋友。金猴的配音演员是成龙和周杰伦（中文版）。" + "金猴是动作喜剧电影《功夫熊猫》系列中的一个角色，他是盖世五侠之一。金猴性格热情幽默，具有卓越的功夫技艺。他在盖世五侠中较为精明世故，难以捉摸，聪明逗趣且勇猛。虽然他和阿宝一样喜欢偷懒耍滑，但却是个非常可靠的朋友。金猴的配音演员是成龙和周杰伦（中文版）。" ], [ "金猴在《功夫熊猫》系列中都有哪些登场？", @@ -484732,7 +484732,7 @@ "history": [ [ "飞天凤凰传奇演唱歌曲\n《飞天》是凤凰传奇演唱的一首歌曲，由边疆，丁于作词，丁于作曲，是3D网游《龙门客栈》主题曲。\n中文名\n飞天\n所属专辑\n《飞天》\n歌曲时长\n03:59\n发行时间\n2013年7月19日\n歌曲原唱\n凤凰传奇\n填 词\n边疆、丁于\n谱 曲\n丁于\n音乐风格\n中国风\n武侠\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n飞天创作背景 \n此次凤凰传奇的新作《飞天》依旧由圈内“鬼才”音乐人丁于跨刀制作，此前丁于曾与凤凰传奇成功合作过《中国味道》。对于凤凰传奇的音乐味道，丁于有着自己独到的音乐把控。这次的《飞天》对与玲花和曾毅来说，是在音乐中全新体验了一把“武侠世界”的味道。对于歌曲《飞天》歌词、旋律方面的把控，玲花、曾毅两人在录音时下了一番功夫，纷纷把自己脑海中的武侠记忆搬了出来，玲花回忆起十几年前玩武侠网游时“笑傲江湖”的快意恩仇，想像自己是武侠世界里的侠客，体会着该用什么样的感觉、气息去诠释恢弘绝美的武侠世界。曾毅也琢磨起电影里江湖侠客的盖世豪情。唱到动情之时，曾毅还遗憾表示，后悔没有喝些酒再来唱，更容易进入情绪。两人为更好的找到演绎《飞天》的感觉，在录音棚内接连做起了武侠梦。\n飞天歌曲歌词 \n一盏茶品侠骨过往江湖路一壶酒诉柔情天涯沦落人一个字却能够牵动几人心一生情动一次竟勘破凡尘刀夺热血 剑冷人心独步天下相望不相闻叶落纷飞飞满天月落枝梢掠红颜昼夜轮转带去无穷无尽思念叶落纷飞飞满天此生相逢不相见愿有朝一日再续前缘刀夺热血 剑冷人心独步天下相望不相闻叶落纷飞飞满天月落枝梢掠红颜昼夜轮转带去无穷无尽思念叶落纷飞飞满天此生相逢不相见愿有朝一日再续前缘叶落纷飞飞满天月落枝梢掠红颜昼夜轮转带去无穷无尽思念叶落纷飞飞满天此生相逢不相见愿有朝一日再续前缘愿有朝一日再续前缘\n飞天歌曲鉴赏 \n“一盏茶，品侠骨过往江湖路。一壶酒，诉柔情天涯沦落人……”新歌《飞天》的曝光让歌迷听到了凤凰传奇对武侠类型音乐的全新演绎，感受了属于凤凰传奇风格的武侠音乐风。歌曲开场悠扬的旋律夹杂着略带忧伤的笛声，仿佛让我们看到了那个写满悲欢离合的江湖，曾毅雄浑的声音在玲花的轻声哼唱衬托下显得愈发悲壮、孤独，配合《龙门客栈》实景录制的MV，在热血之外，还有淡淡的哀伤，“愿有朝一日再续前缘”，武侠的江湖。\n飞天歌曲影响\n\n请告诉我关于凤凰传奇的歌曲《飞天》的一些基本信息。", - "你好Human，我很乐意为您提供关于凤凰传奇的歌曲《飞天》的相关信息。《飞天》发行于2013年7月19日，此曲时长为03:59。这首歌由边疆和丁于共同负责填词，谱曲则由丁于独自完成。这首歌曲也是3D网游《龙门客栈》的主题曲，音乐风格为中国风、武侠，歌曲语言为普通话。" + "我很乐意为您提供关于凤凰传奇的歌曲《飞天》的相关信息。《飞天》发行于2013年7月19日，此曲时长为03:59。这首歌由边疆和丁于共同负责填词，谱曲则由丁于独自完成。这首歌曲也是3D网游《龙门客栈》的主题曲，音乐风格为中国风、武侠，歌曲语言为普通话。" ], [ "这首歌的创作背景能说说吗？", @@ -484975,7 +484975,7 @@ "history": [ [ "料理模拟器模拟类游戏\n《料理模拟器》（Cooking Simulator）是一款可以让玩家自己动手制作各种料理的游戏，玩家在厨房中使用各种道具、调料、食材按照自己的方式制作出美味的料理，对于缺少实际做饭经验的人来说，也许是个不错的入门方法。《料理模拟器》中的厨房将尽量模拟真实情况，为玩家提供大量厨具，准备超过120种食材和60种菜谱。\n中文名\n料理模拟器\n原版名称\nCooking Simulator\n游戏类型\n模拟类\n游戏平台\nPC\n开发商\nBig Cheese Studio\n发行公司\nPlayWay S.A.\n发行日期\n2019-06-06 ( PC )\n玩家人数\n单人\n 《料理模拟器》是一款可以让玩家自己动手制作各种料理的游戏，玩家在厨房中使用各种道具、调料、食材按照自己的方式制作出美味的料理，对于缺少实际做饭经验的人来说，也许是个不错的入门方法。《料理模拟器》中的厨房将尽量模拟真实情况，为玩家提供大量厨具，准备超过120种食材和60种菜谱。\n料理模拟器关于这款游戏 \n成为终极大厨！在样样俱全、装饰精美的逼真厨房里掌控一切！解锁并掌握超过80种食谱，使用数十种真实食材，烹饪出完美菜肴。全过程均采用真实物理效果！扒炉、煤气炉、烤箱、搅拌机……你的厨房可谓应有尽有。游戏中还有大量厨具，锅碗瓢盆一应俱全！食材种类超过120种！包括鱼肉蔬果、奶制品及各类液体。你还能用种类丰富的香草与香料来调味！真实的厨房体验！所有食材都会根据你的行为而改变气味、外观、口味。每次你切土豆片、翻牛排或煮汤时，都会采用真实的物理效果。在学会做菜的基本操作后，你将开始创造自己的菜肴，通过一道道菜不断成长。\n料理模拟器职业模式\n在职业模式中，你将从头起家，通过努力成为传奇大厨，让你与你的餐厅名震四方。你将从基础开始循序渐进，不断解锁越来越复杂的菜肴。随着你不断积累名声与经验，你将有机会服务更多的客人。一旦你掌握了食谱及流程，就可以进一步解锁各类特殊技能及能力。\n料理模拟器沙盒模式\n如果你不想墨守成规，不妨来试试沙盒模式。你可以随意使用所有食谱与食材，随心所欲地做自己想做的菜。你甚至都不用做任何菜！真实物理效果给予你无限的可能。你可以像投飞镖一样乱扔刀具，拿砧板当骨牌玩，给整个厨房点上火，让烤箱爆炸，最后再用灭火器给自己救场！\n料理模拟器系统需求\n\n你好，请问《料理模拟器》这款游戏的主要玩法是什么？", - "你好，Human！《料理模拟器》是一款模拟类游戏，主要让玩家在厨房中动手制作各种料理。玩家可以使用各种道具、调料和食材按照自己的方式制作出美味的菜肴。这款游戏试图为玩家提供一种真实的厨房体验，所以厨房的设施和食材非常丰富。游戏中有两种模式，职业模式和沙盒模式。在职业模式中，玩家需要逐步解锁复杂的菜肴并建立自己的餐厅名声。而沙盒模式则更自由，玩家可以随心所欲地使用所有食谱和食材制作菜肴。" + "《料理模拟器》是一款模拟类游戏，主要让玩家在厨房中动手制作各种料理。玩家可以使用各种道具、调料和食材按照自己的方式制作出美味的菜肴。这款游戏试图为玩家提供一种真实的厨房体验，所以厨房的设施和食材非常丰富。游戏中有两种模式，职业模式和沙盒模式。在职业模式中，玩家需要逐步解锁复杂的菜肴并建立自己的餐厅名声。而沙盒模式则更自由，玩家可以随心所欲地使用所有食谱和食材制作菜肴。" ], [ "有多少种食材可以选择？还有多少种菜谱可以解锁呢？", @@ -485226,7 +485226,7 @@ "history": [ [ "母子保健手册\n《母子保健手册》是现代国家计划生育委员会宣传司编著的工具书。\n作品名称\n母子保健手册\n作 者\n国家计划生育委员会宣传司\n类 别\n工具书\n首版时间\n1986年6月\n \n母子保健手册内容简介 \n该手册包括妇女保健和儿童保健两大部分，采用问答形式系统地回答了妇女月经期卫生、孕期保健、产期和产后保健、哺乳期保健以及计划生育等有关方面的问题，同时回答了有关婴儿的生长、发育、喂养、护理、疾病、早期教育等各方面的问题，并附有表格和可供记录的位置。可供城乡育龄妇女、各级计划生育委员会参考。\n母子保健手册出版信息 \n科学普及出版社1986年6月出版。\n\n你好，请问你了解《母子保健手册》这本书吗？", - "你好，Human！当然了解，《母子保健手册》是由国家计划生育委员会宣传司编著的一本工具书。这本书于1986年6月由科学普及出版社出版。它包括妇女保健和儿童保健两大部分，以问答形式系统地回答了有关妇女月经期卫生、孕期保健、产期和产后保健、哺乳期保健、计划生育等方面的问题，同时也涵盖了婴儿生长、发育、喂养、护理、疾病、早期教育等各方面的问题。这本书特别适合城乡育龄妇女以及各级计划生育委员会参考使用。" + "当然了解，《母子保健手册》是由国家计划生育委员会宣传司编著的一本工具书。这本书于1986年6月由科学普及出版社出版。它包括妇女保健和儿童保健两大部分，以问答形式系统地回答了有关妇女月经期卫生、孕期保健、产期和产后保健、哺乳期保健、计划生育等方面的问题，同时也涵盖了婴儿生长、发育、喂养、护理、疾病、早期教育等各方面的问题。这本书特别适合城乡育龄妇女以及各级计划生育委员会参考使用。" ], [ "那么这本书会对如何进行孕期保健有具体指导吗？", @@ -485343,7 +485343,7 @@ "history": [ [ "白羊座\n白羊座（拉丁语Aries，天文符号♈），黄道星座之一，面积441平方度，占全天面积的1.1%，在全天88个星座中，面积排名第39\n，白羊座是一个暗弱的星座，亮于3等的亮星只有2颗，亮于4等的亮星只有4颗，最亮星为娄宿三（白羊座α）。白羊座在古希腊很有名，因为当时春分点就位于白羊座。由于岁差的关系，春分点在现代已经移到双鱼座。\n中文名\n白羊座\n外文名\nAries\n分 类\n星座\n赤 经\n3 h\n赤 纬\n+20\n拉丁缩写\nAri\n象征物\n白牡羊\n面 积\n441.39 km²\n面积排名\n第39位\n亮星数目\n2\n流星雨\n白羊座流星雨\n邻接星座\n三角座，英仙座，处女座，鲸鱼座，双鱼座\n最佳观测时间\n12月\n最亮星视星等\n2.00\n \n白羊座星座位置 \n白羊座东接金牛座，西靠双鱼座，南邻鲸鱼座，北面与英仙座和三角座毗邻。在公元1世纪至1990年间，白羊宫是春分点所在的星宫，即在春天的第一天，太阳将出现在白羊宫。同时由于天文学家建立赤道坐标系时以春分点为赤经原点，因此春分点即由白羊宫的标志表示。由于地轴进动，1990年之后，春分点移到了双鱼宫。但是，白羊宫是人为划定的固定天区，近代以来白羊座并不与白羊宫重合。\n白羊座星座主要星体 \n拜耳命名法\n弗兰斯蒂德命名法\n其他名称\n中国星官\n视星等\n备注\n白羊座α\n白羊座13\nHamal\n娄宿三\n2.01 等\n白羊座最亮星；有1颗行星；可能的变星\n白羊座β\n白羊座6\nSheratan\n娄宿一\n2.64 等\n白羊座第二亮星；可能的变星\n白羊座γ¹\n白羊座5\nMesartim\n娄宿二\n4.70 等\n白羊座γ系统的一部分\n白羊座γ²\n白羊座5\nMesarthim\n娄宿二\n4.62 等\n双星系统；猎犬座α²型变星\n白羊座δ\n白羊座57\nBotein\n天阴四\n4.35 等\n白羊座第四亮星；可能的变星\n白羊座ε\n白羊座48\n----\n左更增七\n5.20 等\n双星系统\n白羊座ζ\n白羊座58\n----\n天阴二\n4.87 等\n----\n白羊座η\n白羊座17\n----\n娄宿增十二\n5.23 等\n----\n白羊座θ\n白羊座22\n----\n娄宿增十三\n5.58 等\n----\n白羊座ι\n白羊座8\n----\n娄宿增一\n5.09 等\n光谱双星\n白羊座κ\n白羊座12\n----\n娄宿增十一\n5.03 等\n光谱双星\n白羊座λ\n白羊座9\n----\n娄宿增五\n4.79 等\n双星系统\n白羊座μ\n白羊座34\n----\n\n请问白羊座的英文名是什么？", - "你好，Human！白羊座的英文名是Aries。" + "白羊座的英文名是Aries。" ], [ "请问白羊座最亮的星是哪颗？", @@ -486155,7 +486155,7 @@ "history": [ [ "羊肉饼\n羊肉饼是由面粉、羊肉、葱姜等食材做出的一道菜品，特点是层次分明，酥脆爽口。\n中文名\n羊肉饼\n主要食材\n面粉\n分 类\n中餐\n口 味\n咸鲜\n \n羊肉饼原料 \n主料：面粉辅料：羊肉、葱姜调料：味精、椒盐、油酥1、面粉中加少许盐，用冷水和面，一斤面粉加6两水，和成面团后醒发15分钟；\n羊肉饼制作 \n1、面粉加少许盐，用烧至7成热的油浇在面粉中，边倒边搅制成油酥，晾凉备用（面粉和油比例为1：1）；2、羊肉馅加少许油、味精拌匀，将醒好的面团取出下剂子，揉成粗条，表面抹上油用保鲜膜密封醒10-15分钟；3、将面剂子擀成长的薄片，抹一层油酥，放入羊肉馅、葱姜末、椒盐，卷成卷后压成小饼，放入平锅中煎至两面金黄成熟即可。\n\n请问羊肉饼的主要食材是什么？", - "你好，Human！羊肉饼的主要食材有面粉、羊肉、葱姜。面粉为主料，羊肉、葱姜作为辅料，搭配一些调料如味精和椒盐来增加口感。" + "羊肉饼的主要食材有面粉、羊肉、葱姜。面粉为主料，羊肉、葱姜作为辅料，搭配一些调料如味精和椒盐来增加口感。" ], [ "能简单说明一下羊肉饼的制作过程吗？", @@ -486892,7 +486892,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鸽子\n《鸽子》是2018年12月29日湖南卫视首档原创励志声乐竞演节目《声入人心》第九期中，由王晰、金圣权和李向哲三人组合演唱的曲目 。\n中文名\n鸽子\n所属专辑\n声入人心 第9期\n歌曲时长\n3:24\n发行时间\n2018-12-29\n填 词\n佚名\n编 曲\n张筱真、宋鸽\n音乐风格\nClassical\n唱片公司\n快乐阳光\n \n鸽子歌曲信息 \n鸽子 (Live) - 王晰/金圣权/李向哲词：佚名曲：Sebastián Iradier编曲：张筱真/宋鸽音乐总监：钟兴民演唱总监：黄韵玲管乐：铜燕管乐团贝斯：章谋圣键盘：马克/金音来鼓：郝稷伦打击乐：王宏涛吉他：Mike C McLaughlin/毕赫宸尼龙吉他：苏孟风伴唱：毕见晟/宋豪/丁香/陈虹利PGM：陈佑峰弦乐：靳海音®弦乐团混音：王磊\n鸽子歌曲歌词 \n王晰：当我离开可爱的故乡哈瓦那你想不到我是多么的悲伤李向哲：天上飘着明亮七色的彩霞心爱的姑娘靠在我身旁金圣权：亲爱的我愿随你一同去远航像一只鸽子在海上自由地飞翔合：跟你的船帆在海上乘风破浪你爱着我呀像一只小鸽子一样王晰：亲爱的小鸽子啊（李向哲/金圣权：）（亲爱的小鸽子啊）请你来到我身旁我们飞向那蓝色的海洋走向遥远地方李向哲：亲爱的小鸽子啊（王晰/金圣权：）（亲爱的小鸽子啊）请你来到我身旁我们飞过那蓝色的海洋走向遥远地方金圣权：亲爱的小鸽子啊（李向哲/王晰：）（亲爱的小鸽子啊）请你来到我身旁我们飞向那蓝色的海洋合：走向遥远地方王晰：亲爱的小鸽子啊（李向哲/金圣权：）（亲爱的小鸽子啊）请你来到我身旁合：我们飞向那蓝色的海洋（王晰：）（我们飞向那蓝色的海洋）走向遥远地方\n\n你好，请问你了解《鸽子》这首歌曲吗？", - "你好，Human！当然了解，《鸽子》是一首在2018年12月29日湖南卫视首档原创励志声乐竞演节目《声入人心》第九期中，由王晰、金圣权和李向哲三人组合演唱的曲目。歌曲时长为3分24秒，音乐风格为Classical。歌曲的词由佚名创作，曲由Sebastián Iradier创作，而编曲由张筱真和宋鸽完成。" + "当然了解，《鸽子》是一首在2018年12月29日湖南卫视首档原创励志声乐竞演节目《声入人心》第九期中，由王晰、金圣权和李向哲三人组合演唱的曲目。歌曲时长为3分24秒，音乐风格为Classical。歌曲的词由佚名创作，曲由Sebastián Iradier创作，而编曲由张筱真和宋鸽完成。" ], [ "这首歌的歌词是讲述了一段什么样的故事？", @@ -487061,7 +487061,7 @@ "history": [ [ "肇庆\n肇庆，古称端州，广东省辖地级市，是粤港澳大湾区重要节点城市、广州都市圈城市之一\n、“广佛肇经济圈”、珠江—西江经济带的重要组成部分。\n肇庆市下辖端州区、鼎湖区、高要区，广宁县、德庆县、封开县、怀集县，代管四会市，设肇庆新区、肇庆高新区两个经济功能区，\n辖区总面积约14897.45平方千米，\n2021年末肇庆市常住人口412.97万。\n肇庆背靠祖国大西南，是东南沿海通往西南各省的重要交通枢纽。风光秀丽，旅游资源丰富。肇庆城区的七星岩，素有“岭南第一奇观”的美誉；鼎湖山是国家级自然保护区。以星湖风景区为中心，沿西江、绥江溯江而上，盘龙峡、“天下第一石”、千层峰、广宁竹海大观、燕岩等景点次递展开，构成了千里旅游走廊的绚丽画卷。\n肇庆是国家历史文化名城，广府宜居山水城市。\n从汉代到清代，肇庆多次成为岭南政治、经济和文化中心。肇庆是广府文化发祥地之一\n，粤语的发源地，也是中原文化与岭南文化、西方文化与中国传统文化最早的交汇处。\n隋朝开皇九年（589）置端州；宋政和八年（1118）设肇庆府；明嘉靖四十三年（1564）至清乾隆十一年（1746），肇庆是两广总督府驻地。\n2021年，肇庆市地区生产总值为2649.99亿元，同比增长10.5%。\n中文名\n肇庆\n外文名\nSiuhing，Zhaoqing\n别 名\n端州\n行政区划代码\n441200\n行政区类别\n地级市\n所属地区\n中国广东省\n地理位置\n广东省中西部，珠三角西北部，西江中游\n面 积\n14891 km²\n下辖地区\n3个区、4个县，代管1个县级市\n政府驻地\n端州区城中路49号\n电话区号\n0758\n邮政编码\n526000\n气候条件\n亚热带季风气候\n人口数量\n412.97 万(2021年)\n著名景点\n七星岩、鼎湖山、庆云寺、肇庆古城墙、阅江楼、披云楼\n机 场\n珠三角新干线机场\n火车站\n肇庆站、肇庆东站、肇庆西站、肇庆南站等\n车牌代码\n粤H\n地区生产总值\n2649.99 亿元(2021年)\n \n同义词\n肇庆市一般指肇庆\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n肇庆历史沿革 \n肇庆名称由来\n宋重和元年（1118年），宋徽宗亲赐御书设肇庆府。“肇”作始解，“庆”为吉庆，意即宋徽宗自被封为端王开始，招来继承帝位而统治天下之吉庆。\n肇庆建制沿革\n \n肇庆(9张)\n 先秦时期肇庆属南越。\n\n请问肇庆市在广东省的哪个位置？", - "你好，Human！肇庆市位于广东省中西部，珠三角西北部，具体而言，它坐落在西江中游地区。这个位置使肇庆成为东南沿海通往西南各省的重要交通枢纽。" + "肇庆市位于广东省中西部，珠三角西北部，具体而言，它坐落在西江中游地区。这个位置使肇庆成为东南沿海通往西南各省的重要交通枢纽。" ], [ "肇庆市的下辖区域有哪些呢？", @@ -487582,7 +487582,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蜜月\n香港电影《蜜月》由长城电影制片有限公司于1952年出品。该片由李萍倩执导，石慧、傅奇、姜明、童毅、文逸民、水维德等领衔主演。该片是傅奇的首部作品，与石慧初结片缘。\n中文名\n蜜月\n外文名\nHoneymoon\n出品时间\n1952年\n出品公司\n长城电影制片有限公司\n制片地区\n中国香港\n导 演\n李萍倩\n编 剧\n张弓\n制片人\n袁仰安\n类 型\n喜剧\n主 演\n石慧、傅奇、姜明、童毅、文逸民、水维德\n片 长\n116分钟\n上映时间\n1952年12月23日\n对白语言\n普通话\n色 彩\n黑白\n \n蜜月演职员表 \n蜜月职员表\n导演\n李萍倩\n编剧\n张弓\n摄影\n董克毅\n▪ 制片：袁仰安▪ 作曲：李厚襄\n蜜月演员表\n角色\n演员\n备注\n陈玉冰\n石慧\n----\n余子林\n傅奇\n----\n张世维\n姜明\n----\n陈玉冰姨母\n童毅\n----\n史干安\n文逸民\n陈玉冰姨丈\n陈玉冰表弟\n水维德\n----\n徐经理\n李次玉\n----\n蓝博士\n孙芷君\n----\n魏其辛\n曹炎\n----\n陈玉彬\n陈静波\n----\n琼玉\n王臻\n----\n静芬\n朱莉\n----\n茱迪\n魏美龄\n----\n苏小姐\n许行\n----\n方太太\n冯琳\n----\n方先生\n王季平\n----\n兰珍\n吴佩蓉\n----\n杰美\n张铮\n----\n< 上一页\n|\n1\n|\n2\n|\n下一页 >\n默认显示|全部显示\n蜜月电影剧情 \n贸易公司小职员余子林与未婚妻陈玉冰筹备婚礼，二人入息有限，原定一切从简。怎知玉冰的姨丈讲究排场，子林的上司徐经理又火上加油，令一对新人大失预算。姨丈向子林推荐其朋友蓝博士当证婚人，而徐经理则向他索取高昂的房子顶手费，又提议他在酒店举行婚礼。子林碍于面子，未予拒绝，财政大为损失。怎知徐经理又因旧住客延迟出国，未能空出房子，提议子林往酒店度蜜月。子林无奈一一答应，气煞玉冰。婚礼当日，甚少宾客送现金作贺礼，使子林欠下不少账项。子林与玉冰分别向徐经理和姨丈借钱，又不得要领。面对债台高筑的困境，小两口子言语间生龃龉，子林更赌气离家出走。二人幸得一班好友开解，并想出还债方法，夫妻卒告和好如初。\n蜜月原声资料 \n曲目作曲作词主唱蜜月行李厚襄杨髦石慧；傅奇鸳鸯枕头鸳鸯睡李厚襄杨髦石慧婚夜曲李厚襄杨髦石慧\n\n你好，请问香港电影《蜜月》是什么时候出品的？", - "你好，Human！香港电影《蜜月》是由长城电影制片有限公司于1952年出品的。这部电影是一部喜剧，讲述了一对新人在筹备婚礼过程中的种种困境及最后的和好如初的故事。如果你对这部电影还有其他问题，欢迎继续提问。" + "香港电影《蜜月》是由长城电影制片有限公司于1952年出品的。这部电影是一部喜剧，讲述了一对新人在筹备婚礼过程中的种种困境及最后的和好如初的故事。如果你对这部电影还有其他问题，欢迎继续提问。" ], [ "《蜜月》的导演是谁，主演有哪些人？", @@ -487811,7 +487811,7 @@ "history": [ [ "象牙戒指\n《象牙戒指》是2009年10月1日江苏文艺出版社出版的图书，作者是庐隐。\n本书主要讲述了北京的一个女大学生张沁珠和曹子卿的悲剧故事。\n书 名\n象牙戒指\n作 者\n庐隐\n出版社\n江苏文艺出版社\n出版时间\n2009年10月1日\n定 价\n18 元\n开 本\n大32开\nISBN\n9787539932583\n \n象牙戒指内容简介 \n《象牙戒指》主要内容包括：象牙戒指、一个著作家、一封信、两个小学生、灵魂可以卖么?或人的悲哀、海滨故人等等。其中《象牙戒指》 这部是庐隐写的小说，就石评梅和高君宇为原型写成的故事，字字滴血。写北京的一个女大学生张沁珠和曹子卿的悲剧。张因五四的影响，追求自由恋爱。但是却遭遇有妇之夫的欺骗，被始乱终弃，让张心里忧伤万分，她憎恨世界。后来有一个思想觉悟高，有才华的革命者曹子卿爱上她，但她伤痛的心不能理解曹对她的感情，漠然拒绝了他。让如火花之光的生命像彗星一样消逝，曹在临死前再向张表白，张才明白她错失了一段美好的爱情，辜负了曹对她的深情。她把所有情感放在已死的曹身上，用曹送她的象牙戒指套住了自己的一生。\n象牙戒指目录 \n象牙戒指一个著作家一封信两个小学生灵魂可以卖么?或人的悲哀海滨故人西窗风雨一幕风欺雪虐曼丽胜利以后\n\n请问《象牙戒指》这本书是哪个作者写的？它的主要内容是什么？", - "你好，Human！《象牙戒指》这本书是由庐隐所著。主要讲述了北京的一个女大学生张沁珠和曹子卿的悲剧行故事。张沁珠受到五四运动的影响，追求自由恋爱，但不幸的是，她遭遇到有妇之夫的欺骗，最后心灰意冷。随后，革命者曹子卿爱上了她，但由于她心灵的创伤，她并未接受曹子卿的爱，直到曹子卿临死前，她才意识到错过了美好的爱情。" + "《象牙戒指》这本书是由庐隐所著。主要讲述了北京的一个女大学生张沁珠和曹子卿的悲剧行故事。张沁珠受到五四运动的影响，追求自由恋爱，但不幸的是，她遭遇到有妇之夫的欺骗，最后心灰意冷。随后，革命者曹子卿爱上了她，但由于她心灵的创伤，她并未接受曹子卿的爱，直到曹子卿临死前，她才意识到错过了美好的爱情。" ], [ "这本书是在哪一年出版的？出版社是哪家？", @@ -487947,7 +487947,7 @@ "history": [ [ "养鱼游戏休闲益智类游戏\n《养鱼游戏》是一款休闲益智类游戏，大小为12.33MB。玩家可以通过卖鱼来购买各种小虾和小鱼来喂养自己的爱鱼，让它们慢慢长大。\n中文名\n养鱼游戏\n外文名\nBlackbass Breeding\n英文名称\nBabyzFishTank\n游戏类型\n休闲益智游戏\n游戏大小\n12.33MB\n地 区\n美国\n制作发行\nbratz\n语 种\n英语\n平 台\nwinxp/2000/NT\n画 面\n2D\n \n养鱼游戏背景设定 \n养鱼游戏，里面有好多奇怪的水下生物，还有好多宠物不过他们要靠你的努力才能被孵化出来，还有隐藏宠物呢！看看你能不能把它们发掘出来。\n养鱼游戏操作指南 \n1.开始时可以选四条鱼或虾或其他；2.布置鱼缸；3.开始玩时会有$100；4.鼠标点鱼会看到鱼有多少天大,健康和快乐；\n养鱼游戏游戏指南 \n鱼很小，有一天长大才可交配生小鱼，把不同的鱼放进交配鱼缸（右下角），这个很有趣.把不同种类的生物放进交配箱，便会生出不到样子的小鱼,鱼可以配虾或其他，这个要看你能配造出什么样子的小鱼了^^。你先放一条鱼进右下角的交配鱼缸，再放另一条进去，它就会全跳出来，卵就已经在里面哩，不一会小鱼便生出来了( 要有耐心一点哦，刚开始需要几分钟)，这时可以拿小鱼去卖钱把鱼放进右下角倒数第二个浴缸就可以卖钱，然后点左下角sell fish按钮，点小鱼可以调整价格，如果卖不掉就把价格调低点；赚钱后便可去商店买东西了，点左下角的buy supplies按钮商店内每种东西都有不同的用处喔^^，鱼会生病你得买药给它吃，你得好好照顾它们；若你以为当个宠物主人是一件容易的事情，那你可就错啰！不但要确保自己的心爱宝贝是否有吃饱，还得要注意是否有外物入侵。\n养鱼游戏游戏特点 \n游戏的秘诀在于投资，要想赚更多的钱就不要吝惜你的Money，珍贵的鱼种会给你带来丰厚的回报。同时，游戏也遵循自然界食物链的法则，大鱼吃小鱼，小鱼吃虾，其乐无穷。另外，游戏还具有自动记忆功能，可以方便的继续游戏而不用重新开始。\n养鱼游戏配置需求 \n操作系统： Windows XP/Vista/7\n处理器： Pentium IV 1.8 GHz内存： 512 MBDirectX： DirectX 9.0c声卡： 兼容 DirectX 9硬盘空间： 2 GB\n养鱼游戏android版 \n游戏名称：养鱼游戏\n\n请问《养鱼游戏》是一款什么类型的游戏？", - "你好，Human。《养鱼游戏》是一款休闲益智类游戏，玩家需要通过购买各种小鱼和小虾来照顾自己的爱鱼，让它们慢慢长大。游戏中有许多水下生物和宠物等待玩家孵化，还有隐藏宠物需要玩家发掘。这款游戏的画面采用2D风格，玩家可以在游戏中体验到深度的益智元素和休闲娱乐。" + "《养鱼游戏》是一款休闲益智类游戏，玩家需要通过购买各种小鱼和小虾来照顾自己的爱鱼，让它们慢慢长大。游戏中有许多水下生物和宠物等待玩家孵化，还有隐藏宠物需要玩家发掘。这款游戏的画面采用2D风格，玩家可以在游戏中体验到深度的益智元素和休闲娱乐。" ], [ "游戏的操作是如何进行的？我需要掌握哪些要领？", @@ -488069,7 +488069,7 @@ "history": [ [ "金钱帝国\n《金钱帝国》2009年上映的一部电影，是由王晶执导，梁家辉、黄秋生、陈奕迅、刘洋等演出。该片是讲诉香港廉政公署成立前，黑社会及警察之间的一些幕后交易的，该片已于2009年4月30日上映。\n中文名\n金钱帝国\n外文名\nI Corrupt All Cops\n类 型\n剧情\n出品公司\n影王朝有限公司等\n制片地区\n中国香港\n发行公司\n北京保利博纳电影发行有限公司\n导 演\n王晶\n编 剧\n王晶\n主 演\n黄秋生、梁家辉、陈奕迅\n片 长\n112 分钟\n上映时间\n2009年4月30日(内地)\n对白语言\n粤语、普通话\n色 彩\n彩色\n电影分级\nHong Kong:IIB\n \n基本信息\n \n金钱帝国剧情简介 \n1963－1973年，在英国管治香港期间，曾经有一段黑暗时期。 当时，警队贪污受贿是公开的秘密。单单在1963至1973十年间，香港警员贪污的金额达到当时的100亿，约相等于2009年的5000亿！作为整个贪污帝国的“皇帝”——香港总华探长乐哥 （，手下圈养多条“毒蛇猛兽”。不仅有像猪油糕（王晶饰）这样专门负责联通黑白两道的古惑老大，也有滥赌成性的辣手探长火麒麟（，关键时候能为各种错案找代罪羔羊。而探长陈细九 （）则是乐哥下属唯一一个天良未丧的好心人，因球技了得获乐哥赏识。庞大的组织，无孔不入的手段，乐哥和其一班兄弟过着常人难以想象的花天酒地，挥金如土的生活，并用自己的一整套“处世哲学”以及巨大金钱的力量把香港99%的警察拖下水。就在乐哥以为自己能只手遮天永世逍遥的时候，香港成立了廉政公署，由干练的严国梁 （）带领一干青年才俊，下定决心杜绝一切贪污舞弊，恢复香港政府和警界的严肃清白。于是，一场惊心动魄、旷达持久的反贪战争就此拉开序幕，这是正义和邪恶之间的殊死搏斗。\n金钱帝国演职员表 \n金钱帝国演员表\n \n \n梁家辉 饰 徐乐功\n-\n \n \n陈奕迅 饰 陈细九\n王凯\n \n \n黄秋生 饰 火麒麟\n-\n \n \n林保怡 饰 严国梁\n-\n \n \n方力申 饰 韩志邦\n边江\n \n \n孟瑶 饰 爱美丽\n-\n \n \n徐子珊 饰 老四\n-\n \n \n刘洋 饰 玫瑰\n陈琴云\n \n \n孔琳 饰 Lak嫂\n-\n \n \n王晶 饰 猪油仔\n-\n金钱帝国职员表\n出品人\n宋岱 王晶 于冬\n制作人\n王晶\n监制\n张康达 王晶 张浩\n导演\n王晶\n编剧\n王晶\n摄影\n姜国民\n \n金钱帝国角色介绍 \n \n徐乐功\n演员\n梁家辉\n\n请问，《金钱帝国》是一部什么类型的电影？", - "你好，Human。《金钱帝国》是一部剧情类型的电影。这部电影讲述了香港廉政公署成立前，黑社会及警察之间的一些幕后交易。它是由王晶执导，主要演员包括梁家辉、黄秋生、陈奕迅和刘洋等。这部电影通过讲述这段故事，反映出1963年至1973年间香港警方贪污受贿的黑暗时期。" + "《金钱帝国》是一部剧情类型的电影。这部电影讲述了香港廉政公署成立前，黑社会及警察之间的一些幕后交易。它是由王晶执导，主要演员包括梁家辉、黄秋生、陈奕迅和刘洋等。这部电影通过讲述这段故事，反映出1963年至1973年间香港警方贪污受贿的黑暗时期。" ], [ "这部电影的导演和主演分别是谁？", @@ -488092,7 +488092,7 @@ "history": [ [ "仓储货架\n货架是仓库现代化和提高效率的重要工具，而且市场需求份额越来越高。随着经济飞跃发展，外资企业大量涌进我国长江三角洲、珠江三角洲一带，不仅带动了当地经济的发展，而且也带来新的管理理念和管理技术，仓储货架库房中越来越多采用自动化存储。\n中文名\n仓储货架\n外文名\nStorage shelves\n配 件\n立柱、横梁、层板\n材 质\n优质钢板\n功 能\n包装、运输\n \n仓储货架简介 \n \n图册图片为各种类型的仓储货架(8张)\n 仓储货架是存储设备，是基于包装、运输、装卸、分拣、信息管理是物流的六大基本功能。随着2014仓储货架行业的不断发展，越来越多的行业和企业运用到了仓储货架，越来越多的企业进入了仓储行业。服务于社会各界朋友 。而货架是仓储的主要设施之一，可以说，货架是现代工业仓库、物流中心、配送中心必不可少的组成部分。\n仓储货架配件 \n仓储货架通常有三大配件，立柱、横梁、层板。这是指重型、中型、轻型仓储货架，像超重型，阁楼式仓储货架，配件多用立柱和横梁。\n仓储货架功能 \n1、 立体结构，可充分利用仓库空间，提高仓库容量利用率，扩大仓库储存能力；2、货物存取方便，可做到先进先出，百分之百的挑选能力，流畅的库存周转；3、仓库货架中的货物，一目了然，便于清点、划分、计量等十分重要的管理工作；4、 满足大批量货物、品种繁多的存储与集中管理需要，配合机械搬运工具，同样能做到存储与搬运工作秩序井然；5、存入货架中的货物，互不挤压，物资损耗小，可完整保证物资本身的功能，减免货物在储存环节中的损失；6、 保证存储货物的质量，可以采取防潮、防尘、防盗、防破坏等措施，以提高物资存储质量；7、 满足现代化企业低成本、低损耗、高效率的物流供应链的管理需要。8、承重力大、不易变形、连接可靠、拆装容易，多样化。所以说仓储货架对现代工业的发展起到巨大的作用，随着现代工业文明的发展，仓储货架的结构与功能也在不断的提高。\n仓储货架分类 \n仓储货架根据其承重能力、工艺造型、用途等有不同的分类。\n仓储货架按承重能力\n\n请问仓储货架的主要作用和优点是什么？", - "你好Human！仓储货架是现代工业仓库、物流中心、配送中心不可或缺的组成部分。它的主要优点包括：\n1. 立体结构，可以充分利用仓库空间，提高仓库容量利用率，扩大仓库储存能力；\n2. 货物存取方便，可实现先进先出，百分之百的挑选能力，流畅的库存周转；\n3. 货物在仓库货架中一目了然，便于清点、划分、计量等重要的管理工作；\n4. 适应大批量货物、品种繁多的存储和集中管理需要，配合机械搬运工具，实现有序的存储和搬运工作；\n5. 货架上的货物互不挤压，物资损耗小，保障物资的完整性，减少储存过程中的损失；\n6. 有助于保证存储货物质量，可以采取防潮、防尘、防盗、防破坏等措施，提高物资存储质量；\n7. 符合现代企业追求低成本、低损耗、高效率的物流供应链管理需求。\n\n通过这些优点，仓储货架在现代工业中有着极为重要的作用。" + "仓储货架是现代工业仓库、物流中心、配送中心不可或缺的组成部分。它的主要优点包括：\n1. 立体结构，可以充分利用仓库空间，提高仓库容量利用率，扩大仓库储存能力；\n2. 货物存取方便，可实现先进先出，百分之百的挑选能力，流畅的库存周转；\n3. 货物在仓库货架中一目了然，便于清点、划分、计量等重要的管理工作；\n4. 适应大批量货物、品种繁多的存储和集中管理需要，配合机械搬运工具，实现有序的存储和搬运工作；\n5. 货架上的货物互不挤压，物资损耗小，保障物资的完整性，减少储存过程中的损失；\n6. 有助于保证存储货物质量，可以采取防潮、防尘、防盗、防破坏等措施，提高物资存储质量；\n7. 符合现代企业追求低成本、低损耗、高效率的物流供应链管理需求。\n\n通过这些优点，仓储货架在现代工业中有着极为重要的作用。" ], [ "请问仓储货架有哪几种分类？", @@ -488835,7 +488835,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大丽花\n大丽花（ Cav.），别名大理花、天竺牡丹、东洋菊、大丽菊、地瓜花，菊科、大丽花属植物，多年生草本，有巨大棒状块根。茎直立，多分枝，高1.5-2米，粗壮。原产于墨西哥，墨西哥人把它视为大方、富丽的象征，因此将它尊为国花。\n世界多数国家均有栽植，选育新品种时有问世，据统计，大丽花品种已超过3万个，是世界上花卉品种最多的物种之一。大丽花花色花形誉名繁多，丰富多彩，是世界名花之一；另可活血散瘀，有一定的药用价值。\n中文名\n大丽花\n别 名\n大理花、天竺牡丹、东洋菊、大丽菊、细粉莲、地瓜花\n拉丁学名\n Cav.\n界\n植物界\n门\n被子植物门\n纲\n双子叶植物纲\n亚 纲\n合瓣花亚纲\n目\n桔梗目\n科\n菊科\n亚 科\n管状花亚科\n族\n向日葵族\n属\n大丽花属\n种\n大丽花\n分布区域\n原产墨西哥热带高原，全世界广泛栽培。\n \n同义词\n大理花一般指大丽花（菊科大丽花属植物）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n大丽花形态特征 \n多年生草本，有巨大棒状块根。茎直立，多分枝，高1.5-2米，粗壮。叶1-3回羽状全裂，上部叶有时不分裂，裂片卵形或长圆状卵形，下面灰绿色，两面无毛。头状花序大，有长花序梗，常下垂，宽6-12厘米。总苞片外层约5个，卵状椭圆形，叶质，内层膜质，椭圆状披针形。舌状花1层，白色，红色，或紫色，常卵形，顶端有不明显的3齿，或全缘；管状花黄色，有时在栽培种全部为舌状花。瘦果长圆形，长9-12毫米，宽3-4毫米，黑色，扁平，有2个不明显的齿。花期6月-12月，果期9月-10月。\n大丽花生长习性 \n对光照条件的要求大丽花喜半阴，阳光过强影响开花，光照时间一般10~12小时，培育幼苗时要避免阳光直射。\n对温度条件的要求大丽花喜欢凉爽的气候，9月下旬开花最大、最艳、最盛，但不耐霜，霜后茎叶立刻枯萎。生长期内对温度要求不严，8~35℃均能生长，15~25℃为宜。\n对水分的要求大丽花不耐干旱，不耐涝，一般盆栽见土干则浇透水，做到见湿见干；多雨天可倒盆排水（地栽不必经常浇水）。\n对土壤的要求大丽花适宜栽培于土壤疏松、排水良好的肥沃沙质土壤中。\n大丽花分布情况 \n原产墨西哥，是全世界栽培最广的观赏植物，20世纪初引入中国，现在多个省区均有栽培。 \n大丽花主要品类 \n从花形看，大丽花有菊形、莲形、芍药形、蟹爪形等，花朵的直径小的似酒盅口大小，大的达30多厘米。它们的颜色，不仅有红、黄、橙、紫、淡红和白色等单色，还有多种更为绚丽的色彩。\n\n你好，请问大丽花的学名是什么？", - "你好，Human！大丽花的拉丁学名是Cav。" + "大丽花的拉丁学名是Cav。" ], [ "原产地在哪里呢？", @@ -488929,7 +488929,7 @@ "history": [ [ "侏罗纪公园\n《侏罗纪公园》（）是一部1993年的科幻冒险电影，改编自迈克尔·克莱顿于1990年发表的同名小说，由史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格执导，环球电影公司出品，萨姆·尼尔、劳拉·邓恩、杰夫·高布伦主演，于1993年6月11日年美国上映。\n影片主要讲述了哈蒙德博士召集大批科学家利用凝结在琥珀中的史前蚊子体内的恐龙血液提取出恐龙的遗传基因，将已绝迹6500万年的史前庞然大物复生，使整个努布拉岛成为恐龙的乐园，即“侏罗纪公园”。但在哈蒙德带孙子孙女首次游览时，恐龙发威了。\n中文名\n《侏罗纪公园》\n外文名\n《Jurassic Park》\n类 型\n科幻，冒险\n出品公司\n环球影业\n制片地区\n美国\n拍摄日期\n1992年8月24日 至 1992年11月30日\n拍摄地点\n夏威夷考艾岛\n发行公司\n环球影业\n导 演\n史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格\n编 剧\n迈克尔·克莱顿、大卫·凯普\n制片人\n凯瑟琳·肯尼迪\n主 演\n萨姆·尼尔、劳拉·邓恩、杰夫·高布伦、塞缪尔·杰克逊、理查德·阿滕伯勒\n片 长\n127 分钟\n上映时间\n1993年6月11日(美国)\n票 房\n4.02 亿美元(北美)\n对白语言\n英语/西班牙语/粤语\n色 彩\n彩色\n电影分级\nPG-13（USA）\nimdb编码\ntt0107290\n主要奖项\n奥斯卡最佳视觉效果奖\n出品时间\n1993年\n制片成本\n63000000 美元\n全球票房\n1029153882美元\n \n基本信息\n \n侏罗纪公园剧情简介 \n \n剧照(28张)\n 哈蒙德博士立志要建立一个非同寻常的公园：恐龙将是这个公园的主角。他把众多科学家收归旗下，利用琥珀里面困住的远古蚊子体内的血液，提取出恐龙的基因信息，利用这些信息培育繁殖恐龙。结果如愿以偿，他把努布拉岛建立成了一个恐龙公园，坚信可以从中赚取大钱。然而，科学家们则忧心忡忡。不幸的事情果然发生了。虽然公园有电脑系统管理，但却因为被员工破坏而造成了无法挽救的失控：所有的恐龙逃出了控制区，人们纷纷逃窜却逃不过恐龙的魔爪。恐龙自相残杀，人们亦死难无数，最后幸存者寥寥。努布拉岛上空弥漫着恐怖的气息。\n侏罗纪公园演职员表 \n侏罗纪公园演员表\n \n \n萨姆·尼尔 饰 Dr. Alan Grant\n桂楠\n杰夫·戈德布拉姆 饰 Dr. Ian Malcolm\n吴磊\n \n \n塞缪尔·杰克逊 饰 Ray Arnold\n邹亮\n \n \n理查德·阿滕伯勒 饰 John Hammond\n程玉珠\n\n你好，请问《侏罗纪公园》是一部什么类型的电影？", - "你好，Human！《侏罗纪公园》是一部1993年的科幻冒险电影，它基于迈克尔·克莱顿于1990年发表的同名小说改编，由著名导演史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格执导。这部电影将科幻与冒险元素融合在一起，吸引了无数观众。" + "《侏罗纪公园》是一部1993年的科幻冒险电影，它基于迈克尔·克莱顿于1990年发表的同名小说改编，由著名导演史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格执导。这部电影将科幻与冒险元素融合在一起，吸引了无数观众。" ], [ "这部电影的剧情大致是关于什么的？", @@ -489303,7 +489303,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中国物种红色名录中国物种红色名录\n中国是世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一。保护生物多样性首先遇到的问题是中国的生物多样性现状如何，有多少动植物物种的生存受到威胁，有多少种濒危物种。这就需要对物种现状进行客观的科学评估。物种现状评估和红色名录制订是生物多样性保护的一项基本任务，是确定保护优先项目，制订保护法规和保护物种名录、保护规划，建立自然保护区，申报世界遗产、开展科学研究和普及教育，培养专业人员，履行生物多样性公约、濒危物种公约、世界遗产公约、湿地公约等多项国际条约等的重要依据。为此，制定中国物种红色名录是一项非常重要的工作。\n中文名\n中国物种红色名录\n作 用\n物种现状评估\n撰写单位\n中国环境与发展国际合作委员会\n启动时间\n2000年7月\n \n中国物种红色名录项目背景\n\n你好！请问中国物种红色名录是什么？", - "你好，Human！中国物种红色名录是一份科学评估物种现状的名录。它旨在评估中国境内动植物物种的生存状况，确定受威胁和濒危物种，从而指导生物多样性保护的工作。评估和制定红色名录是生物多样性保护的基本任务，因为这将为确定保护优先项目、制订保护法规、保护物种名录、保护规划以及建立自然保护区等工作提供重要依据。" + "中国物种红色名录是一份科学评估物种现状的名录。它旨在评估中国境内动植物物种的生存状况，确定受威胁和濒危物种，从而指导生物多样性保护的工作。评估和制定红色名录是生物多样性保护的基本任务，因为这将为确定保护优先项目、制订保护法规、保护物种名录、保护规划以及建立自然保护区等工作提供重要依据。" ], [ "那么，中国物种红色名录的启动时间和撰写单位是什么？", @@ -490346,7 +490346,7 @@ { "instruction": "异度之刃任天堂发行角色扮演游戏\n《异度之刃》（英文：Xenoblade Chronicles）是由Monolith Soft制作，任天堂游戏公司出版发行的角色扮演游戏，于2010年6月10日发行，登陆任天堂旗下的Wii平台，2015年4月2日移植至3DS平台，2020年5月29日登陆Nintendo Switch平台。《异度之刃》由指导过《异度装甲》与《异度传说》系列作品开发的高桥哲哉领衔制作。该作品独立于《异度装甲》世界观，以远古残存的巨神与机神遗骸为舞台，叙述人与机械纷争下所展开的奇幻冒险。\n后移植到3DS和Switch平台。\n中文名\n异度之刃\n原版名称\nXenoblade Chronicles\n别 名\n异度神剑（香港、台湾地区译名）\n游戏类型\n角色扮演\n游戏平台\nNintendo Wii\nNintendo 3DS\nNintendo Switch\n所属系列\n异度之刃\n开发商\nMONOLITH SOFT\n发行公司\n任天堂公司\n发行日期\n2010年6月10日(日本)\n2011年8月19日(欧洲)\n2011年9月1日(澳大利亚)\n2012年4月6日(北美)\n2015年4月2日(3DS版本)\n展开\n发行日期\n2010年6月10日(日本)\n2011年8月19日(欧洲)\n2011年9月1日(澳大利亚)\n2012年4月6日(北美)\n2015年4月2日(3DS版本)\n2020年5月29日(Switch)\n收起\n制作人\n高桥哲哉\n编 剧\n高桥哲哉、武田佑一郎、由里服\n背景音乐\n光田康典、下村阳子、ACE+、真奈美该\n玩家人数\n1 人\n游戏分级\nT(适合十三岁以上的玩家)\n最新版本\n异度神剑：终极版\n主要角色\n修尔克\n所需容量\n13.6GB(Switch)\n游戏语言\n简体中文、繁体中文、日文、英文、法文、意大利文、德文、西班牙文、韩文\n \n异度之刃游戏设定 \n异度之刃游戏世界观\n\n请问《异度之刃》是哪个系列的游戏？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。《异度之刃》属于“异度之刃”系列，该系列游戏由Monolith Soft制作并由任天堂发行。与《异度装甲》和《异度传说》的世界观无关，它是一款角色扮演游戏，以巨神和机神的遗骸为舞台，讲述了人类与机械之间纷争所展开的奇幻冒险故事。", + "output": "《异度之刃》属于“异度之刃”系列，该系列游戏由Monolith Soft制作并由任天堂发行。与《异度装甲》和《异度传说》的世界观无关，它是一款角色扮演游戏，以巨神和机神的遗骸为舞台，讲述了人类与机械之间纷争所展开的奇幻冒险故事。", "history": [] }, { @@ -490849,7 +490849,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鹤山区\n鹤山区，隶属于河南省鹤壁市，位于河南省北部太行山东麓，因“古有双鹤栖于南山峭壁，其山曰鹤山”而得名。东与鹤壁市山城区石林镇、安阳市马投涧乡交界，西与林州市、安阳县相邻，南与山城区鹿楼乡相连，北与安阳市龙安区、安阳县接壤，东西长约17.6公里，南北宽约15.8公里，总面积139平方公里。\n根据第七次人口普查数据，截至2020年11月1日零时，鹤山区常住人口为62713人。\n2019年3月，被列为第一批革命文物保护利用片区分县名单。\n2020年，鹤山区预计全年地区生产总值增长5.2%，规模以上工业增加值增长5.5%，固定资产投资增长6%，第三产业增加值增长2.6%，一般公共预算收入增长1.7%，其中：税收收入占公共财政预算收入的67.9%。\n中文名\n鹤山区\n外文名\nHeshan District\n别 名\n鹤壁集\n行政区类别\n市辖区\n所属地区\n河南省鹤壁市\n地理位置\n河南省北部，鹤壁市北部\n面 积\n139 km²\n下辖地区\n5个街道、1个镇、1个乡\n政府驻地\n鹤壁市鹤山区中山北路街道\n电话区号\n0392\n邮政区码\n458010\n气候条件\n暖温带半湿润大陆性季风气候\n著名景点\n若瑟天主教堂，五岩山，鹤壁集古瓷窑遗址，黄庙沟森林公园\n火车站\n鹤壁北站\n车牌代码\n豫F\n方 言\n中原官话\n森林覆盖率\n48.1%\n行政代码\n410602\n人 口\n62713人(2020年11月1日零时常住人口)\n \n同义词\n鹤山（河南省鹤壁市市辖区）一般指鹤山区\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n鹤山区历史沿革 \n1957年，国家依托煤炭资源开发建设鹤壁，在鹤山区设市建制，辖区鹤壁集、中山曾先后为市委、市政府驻地。鹤山区的前身为鹤山煤矿人民公社。1961年12月18日，鹤壁市人民委员会将鹤山煤矿人民公社划分为鹤山区公所和陈家庄人民公社，至此设置鹤山区。建区时，鹤山区辖中山路街道和鹤壁街道、5个农业大队、15个居民委员会，属城乡一体化管理体制。1963年6月，由于城市人口增加，市区面积扩大，为满足城市蔬菜供应，便于领导和管理，市委、市人委将近郊18个农业生产大队、29个自然村划归鹤山区管理；\n鹤山区行政区划 \n鹤山区辖5个街道、1个镇、1个乡：中北街道、中山路街道、新华街街道、鹤山街道、九矿广场街道、鹤壁集镇、姬家山乡。\n鹤山区地理环境 \n鹤山区位置境域\n\n请问鹤山区位于中国的哪个省份？", - "你好，Human。鹤山区位于中国河南省北部，属于鹤壁市。需要了解更多关于鹤山区的信息吗？" + "鹤山区位于中国河南省北部，属于鹤壁市。需要了解更多关于鹤山区的信息吗？" ], [ "谢谢。我还想了解一下，鹤山区的地理位置具体是怎样的？", @@ -492287,7 +492287,7 @@ "history": [ [ "信仰\n《信仰》是由艾玮伦作词、作曲、演唱的一首歌曲，收录于2014年9月2日发行的专辑《Self Title》中。\n中文名\n信仰\n所属专辑\nSelf Title\n歌曲时长\n0时04分11秒\n歌曲原唱\n艾玮伦\n填 词\n艾玮伦\n谱 曲\n艾玮伦\n歌曲语言\n国语\n发行时间\n2014-09-02\n演唱者\n艾玮伦\n 歌曲歌词就在这里我看着我自己不要忘了所有答应过的承诺只有自己知道我到底该怎么做 到底怎么做用生命向上帝我换取了圣水来洗净一生在的孽 成为玫瑰我放了一切再努力勇往直前我将带来新生命别忘了自己是谁 忘了前世的罪让我自在的飞 自在的飞这夜色是灰 天空依然再现彩虹延伸蔓延 颜色蔓延不让双手沾着血看清世界的双眼不让花儿再次雕谢无尽释放神的泪不要跨越了我的界限社会将会没有谎言别忘了自己是谁 忘了前世的罪让我自在的飞 自在的飞这夜色是灰 天空依然再现彩虹延伸蔓延这夜不能流下一滴眼泪不管有多么的狼狈抛开伤悲勇敢面对放了手我会永远的向前走着成为美丽的玫瑰\n\n你好，请问你了解艾玮伦的《信仰》这首歌曲吗？", - "你好，Human！我当然了解了。《信仰》是艾玮伦创作并演唱的一首歌曲，它收录于2014年9月2日发行的专辑《Self Title》中。歌曲的主题围绕信仰展开，歌词表达了勇敢面对过去，追求信仰和成为新生命的愿景。如果你有关于这首歌的其他问题，请随时提问！" + "我当然了解了。《信仰》是艾玮伦创作并演唱的一首歌曲，它收录于2014年9月2日发行的专辑《Self Title》中。歌曲的主题围绕信仰展开，歌词表达了勇敢面对过去，追求信仰和成为新生命的愿景。如果你有关于这首歌的其他问题，请随时提问！" ], [ "请问歌曲的时长、歌曲语言和歌词中的某些意象是什么？", @@ -493700,7 +493700,7 @@ "history": [ [ "高端品牌品牌类型\n高端品牌是将高端市场作为目标市场的品牌。通过上乘产品质量与卓越品牌形象，吸引价格敏感度低、品牌忠诚度高、消费能力强、追求时尚与体验的消费者，从而以牺牲大众市场为代价，获得较高的品牌溢价。\n中文名\n高端品牌\n外文名\nHigh-end brand\n例 如\n劳力士手表，香奈儿、阿玛尼\n特 点\n具有较高的价值和品质，价格较高\n \n高端品牌详细 \n一般来说，定位于高端的产品相对来说价格高、利润高、产品质量相对较高，但目标客户较少、需求较少、销售量不高（数量相对有限）等特点。虽然高端产品的销售量没有中低端产品高，但如果占领高端市场的一部分市场份额的话，那么它也足以使一个企业生存下来并且过得舒舒服服。另外，更为重要的是高端产品代表着高端品牌-全球品牌网-，和肩挎LV；香奈儿包包使消费者拥有一种优越的心理一样，经营一个高端品牌也会使经营者产生无与伦比的优越感。问题是如何使一个默默无闻的产品卖出高价，并且使这个产品真正成为高端品牌的代言者，对于企业经营者和营销咨询顾问来说，这是一个难题。\n高端品牌产品竞争 \n竞争使企业与企业之间从拼产品质量、拼价格、拼渠道、拼促销最终向品牌竞争的阶段发展，抑或说品牌的建设起于4P又落脚于4P。有人说，品牌是一种战略，从产品开发到销售的各个环节都要考虑到品牌，都要以品牌建设为目的，或者都要视品牌建设为举足轻重的考量。在这里，品牌像一条主线或者纲领，提纲挈领的效果是我们领起品牌就使一切营销豁然开朗。菲利普·科特勒的《营销管理》使生产销售型企业的营销从纷繁复杂的营销要素中理清了主旨和大纲，但品牌似乎作为产品的附庸而并不为人所重视，而且一段时间以来，菲利普·科特勒经典的4P理论被应用于企业的营销工作乃至咨询公司的营销咨询中。在4P理论的指导下，一个高端产品如何做市场，通常是通过宏观和微观的系统分析进行市场细分、选择目标市场、进行市场定位；高端产品当然定位于高端市场，从产品设计开发都力求使其物有所值，并向消费者需求靠拢；高端产品的价格也会考虑到产品的成本，尤其是高端产品作为礼品的时候，精美高档的包装可能占到产品成本很大一部分份额，但更多的时候，高端产品的定价会运用需求定价法，会关注市场需求，差异化竞争在高端产品中更容易体现出来，当某一高端产品找不到可比对象的时候，其价格的制定则会更随意些，企业期待的高价可能更容易如愿以偿。\n高端品牌促销及销售\n\n你好，请告诉我什么是高端品牌？", - "你好，Human！高端品牌是指将高端市场作为目标市场的品牌。它们的产品通常具有较高的品质和价值，价格也相对较高。这种品牌通过优质的产品和杰出的品牌形象吸引那些价格敏感度低、品牌忠诚度高、消费能力强和追求时尚与体验的消费者。虽然高端品牌的销售量相对较低，但它们的较高利润使企业能够生存和发展。一些著名的高端品牌例子包括劳力士手表、香奈儿和阿玛尼。" + "高端品牌是指将高端市场作为目标市场的品牌。它们的产品通常具有较高的品质和价值，价格也相对较高。这种品牌通过优质的产品和杰出的品牌形象吸引那些价格敏感度低、品牌忠诚度高、消费能力强和追求时尚与体验的消费者。虽然高端品牌的销售量相对较低，但它们的较高利润使企业能够生存和发展。一些著名的高端品牌例子包括劳力士手表、香奈儿和阿玛尼。" ], [ "高端品牌是如何在竞争中取得优势的？", @@ -494116,7 +494116,7 @@ "history": [ [ "呐喊\n呐喊，谭剑飞的诗歌作品，现代诗，创作年代是2013年。\n作品名称\n呐喊\n创作年代\n2013\n文学体裁\n现代诗\n作 者\n谭剑飞\n \n作品原文《呐喊》谭剑飞入夜，猜拳的吆喝声，此起彼伏。传荡在宁静的夜空，我的耳朵。粗犷的喧笑声不断。机器在练习微笑，小行星在偷着发光，人，在麻醉时光，恐龙长眠在地下。晚饭后的父亲，一个人又在回忆苦难的六七十年代。岁月像是牧羊人的鞭子，催赶着善良的羊群进圈。一鞭一鞭，没有声响。蓦然的余晖，肉体上条条的迹痕，如此的清晰。冬天就将结束了，春天又开始。坡上草青青，你，想到阳光，不同了吗？想过吗？\n\n你好，请问一下《呐喊》是谁的作品，诗歌风格是怎么样的？", - "你好，Human！《呐喊》是谭剑飞的现代诗歌作品。诗歌写于2013年，通过描述入夜后各种细节的场景，展现了作者对时光流转和生命的感慨。脉络清晰，情感真挚，突显出作者对生活的独特感悟。这首诗中，既有机器在练习微笑，恐龙长眠地下等寓意生命与科技的元素，又有牧羊人的鞭子、冬天结束、草青青等表达岁月流转的意象。" + "《呐喊》是谭剑飞的现代诗歌作品。诗歌写于2013年，通过描述入夜后各种细节的场景，展现了作者对时光流转和生命的感慨。脉络清晰，情感真挚，突显出作者对生活的独特感悟。这首诗中，既有机器在练习微笑，恐龙长眠地下等寓意生命与科技的元素，又有牧羊人的鞭子、冬天结束、草青青等表达岁月流转的意象。" ], [ "请问这首诗里几个关键的意象分别是什么？", @@ -494586,7 +494586,7 @@ "history": [ [ "延吉\n延吉市，吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州下辖县级市，同时也是自治州首府，\n地处吉林省东部、延边州中部、长白山脉北麓，处于东北亚经济圈的腹地，是联合国拟定的图们江域大“金三角”中方的一个支点。东直距中俄边境仅60千米，直距日本海80千米；南直距中朝边境10余千米。延吉市全市总面积为1748.3平方千米\n，根据第七次人口普查数据，截至2020年11月1日零时，延吉市常住人口为686136人。\n延吉是吉林省东部中心城市、中国优秀旅游城市、全国百强县\n之一。延吉境内的景点有：帽儿山国家森林公园\n、城子山山城遗址\n、春兴村朝鲜族古村落等。2017年，延吉市被正式批准为全省扩权强县试点县\n，标志着延吉市被赋予地级市政府管理权限。2019年10月8日，延吉市被评为2019年度全国综合实力百强县市、全国科技创新百强县市、全国新型城镇化质量百强县市、2019全国营商环境百强县。\n2020中国夏季休闲百佳县市。\n2020年，延吉市地区生产总值314.55亿元，按可比价格计算，比上年下降0.4%。其中，第一产业增加值4.39亿元，下降7.7%；第二产业增加值108.15亿元，下降1.7%；第三产业增加值202.01亿元，增长0.6%。按户籍人口计算，人均地区生产总值56463元，下降0.8%。三次产业结构为1.4：34.4:64.2。\n中文名\n延吉市\n外文名\nYanji（英），연길（朝）\n行政区划代码\n222401\n行政区类别\n县级市\n所属地区\n吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州\n地理位置\n延边州东部\n面 积\n1748.3 km²\n下辖地区\n6个街道、4个镇、1个林业局\n政府驻地\n河南街道\n电话区号\n0433\n邮政编码\n133000\n气候条件\n中温带半湿润气候区\n著名景点\n长白山；帽儿山；朝鲜族民俗园\n机 场\n延吉朝阳川国际机场\n火车站\n延吉站、延吉西站\n车牌代码\n吉H\n地区生产总值\n314.55 亿元(2020年)\n人 口\n686136人(2020年11月1日零时常住人口)\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n延吉历史沿革\n\n请问你能告诉我延吉市的地理位置和气候条件吗？", - "你好，Human！延吉市位于吉林省东部、延边朝鲜族自治州中部，地处长白山脉北麓。它距离中俄边境仅60千米，距离日本海80千米，以及距离中朝边境10余千米。延吉市的气候属于中温带半湿润气候区，具有四季分明的特点。这样的地理位置和气候条件使延吉市成为一个很有特色的地区。" + "延吉市位于吉林省东部、延边朝鲜族自治州中部，地处长白山脉北麓。它距离中俄边境仅60千米，距离日本海80千米，以及距离中朝边境10余千米。延吉市的气候属于中温带半湿润气候区，具有四季分明的特点。这样的地理位置和气候条件使延吉市成为一个很有特色的地区。" ], [ "那延吉市有哪些著名景点？", @@ -494605,7 +494605,7 @@ "history": [ [ "拉古纳海滩\n拉古纳海滩位于加利福尼亚州，松软的沙滩和温柔的海水，是休闲度假、放松心情的好去处。\n中文名\n拉古纳海滩\n所处地址\n加利福尼亚州\n 旅游特色在拉古纳海滩沿着CoastHwy在市区内漫游，是一种精神享受。走进艺术画廊欣赏当地作家风格各异的画作，或到手工艺品店逛小饰品，到蜡烛店自己动手作手工蜡烛，或是街旁咖啡店一边小酌香浓咖啡，一边欣赏街头风景，都是一大享受。离市中心不远处就是拉古纳海滩，当地居民和游客都喜欢在沙滩上步行，还带着孩子和狗狗来这边戏水玩沙，年轻人则在沙滩上打排球或野餐晒太阳。不仅满眼是浩瀚的太平洋，背后的山上还住著许多格局特色的艺术家。尤其在夏季，吸引无数游客来这里品味艺术和美景。拉古纳滩和其他海滩相比，更有一番山谷风味。在进入海滩前要在绿荫葱葱的山谷行驶约九哩，看着两边的青山翠树让人心旷神怡。在路的尽头就能看到碧海蓝天，进入一片新的风景。海边的街道宽度适中，不会太狭窄局促，也不会太宽失去怯意。在Forest道和CoastHwy交界处有一个小小的街心花园，周围艺术气息浓厚的店铺比比皆是，闹中有静。可步行浏览两边店铺，也可走到沙滩边脱下鞋子，在沙滩上走走，都让人心情大好。\n\n请问拉古纳海滩在哪个州？", - "你好，Human！拉古纳海滩位于加利福尼亚州。这里有松软的沙滩和温柔的海水，非常适合休闲度假和放松心情。" + "拉古纳海滩位于加利福尼亚州。这里有松软的沙滩和温柔的海水，非常适合休闲度假和放松心情。" ], [ "在拉古纳海滩，有哪些休闲活动可以参与？", @@ -494820,7 +494820,7 @@ "history": [ [ "酒盅\n指用于饮酒的器皿。常见现代酒具有陶瓷酒具、玻璃酒具、塑料酒具、金属酒具等。\n中文名\n酒盅\n含 义\n指用于饮酒的器皿\n常见现代酒具\n陶瓷酒具、玻璃酒具、塑料酒具等\n \n酒盅酒盅介绍 \n酒盅指用来喝酒的小杯子。常见现代酒具有陶瓷酒具、玻璃酒具、塑料酒具、金属酒具四种。造型多样，材质不同，档次差异也比较大。\n酒盅酒盅使用起源 \n这就是中国的酒文化因了这酒盅子小，喝酒的名堂与频率也就相对多。碰一个得喝一双，初次见面二二得四；只要端盅，就有喝的名堂，喝一个管叫一心一意，喝俩美称双喜临门，喝四个是四季发财，喝六个叫六六大顺，喝七个谓喝起，正所谓高升，喝十个称十全十美，喝十二个叫喝一年的酒，再加一个还美其名曰是闰月，这喝酒的名堂啊，真是取之不尽，用之不竭。正因为这喝酒的数量多，给在坐下首倒酒者平添了诸多麻烦，久而久之这酒壶干脆成了酒瓶，酒盅也就成了茶碗，喝酒的场面越来越大气。\n酒盅陶瓷酒具\n此酒具有酒缸、酒坛、酒壶、酒盅。酒缸容量较大，用于储酒；酒坛容量较小，用于存放少量名贵酒类；酒壶用于斟酒；酒盅用于饮酒。使用陶瓷酒具时，一是要经常清洗、擦抹和消毒；二是防止磕碰。\n酒盅玻璃酒具\n此酒具有高脚酒标、筒形酒杯、啤酒杯、带柄酒杯等类型。高脚酒杯大口、高型，容量有25、30、50、75、100毫升等规格，主要用于家宴和筵席；筒形酒杯规格有大有小，其形状可分为方底、圆底、五星底等几种，一般用于自斟自饮；啤酒杯，容量较大；带柄玻璃酒杯，主要用于饮用啤酒和黄酒等低度酒。使用玻璃酒具时要特别注意轻拿轻放，防止碰撞，并要及时清洗和消毒。\n酒盅塑料酒具\n此酒具常见的有塑料酒盅、酒杯、显影杯等。这类酒杯的优点是不怕碰撞，不容易损耗，但怕火烤和热水烫，容易老化和变形。使用这类酒杯切忌用热水冲洗、煮烫，以防变形裂损。\n酒盅金属酒具\n此类酒具有啤酒筒、铜酒壶等多种。使用时要经常擦洗，避免碰撞、生锈。\n\n请问现代常见的酒盅有哪些材质？", - "你好，Human！现代常见的酒盅材质有四种，分别是陶瓷、玻璃、塑料和金属。这些材质的酒盅在使用上各有特点。陶瓷酒盅手感较温暖，保温性能好；玻璃酒盅透明性好，视觉效果优；塑料酒盅轻便，耐摔不易损坏；金属酒盅则具有较强的保温性能和独特的质感。各种材质的酒盅在使用时要注意不同的保养方法和注意事项。" + "现代常见的酒盅材质有四种，分别是陶瓷、玻璃、塑料和金属。这些材质的酒盅在使用上各有特点。陶瓷酒盅手感较温暖，保温性能好；玻璃酒盅透明性好，视觉效果优；塑料酒盅轻便，耐摔不易损坏；金属酒盅则具有较强的保温性能和独特的质感。各种材质的酒盅在使用时要注意不同的保养方法和注意事项。" ], [ "能详细介绍一下陶瓷酒具和金属酒具的使用和保养方法吗？", @@ -495177,7 +495177,7 @@ "history": [ [ "咬字\n《咬字》是何维健演唱的一首歌曲，于2008年7月30日发行。\n中文名\n咬字\n所属专辑\n无法归类\n歌曲时长\n0时03分19秒\n歌曲原唱\n何维健\n填 词\n何维健\n谱 曲\n何维健、施于淳\n编 曲\nTerence Teo\n发行日期\n2008年7月30日\n 歌曲歌词他们要我饶舌 于是我就开始上课咬的字清不清 我不晓得有些说我短舌 嘴里糖果含着两颗这绝对是我的一种特色初一吃素 初二吃素 初三吃素我饶个口令 怎么让我饶得那么辛苦我说的不清不楚 只好学人家扮酷给我一点时间 让我慢慢进步或退步不行！要怎么饶舌才会有形不管什么形 先不要给人家批评我行 只有我自己说我行我已经说了那么多 我真不相信我该怎么做 我该怎么做怎么搞得我不知所措这么大的问题 不知不觉皱了眉头就让他们说 就让他们说不要愁眉苦脸想太多等我铁棒磨成针 那个时候你们就懂他们要我饶舌 于是我就开始上课咬的字清不清 我不晓得有些说我短舌 嘴里糖果含着两颗这绝对是我的一种特色给我麦克风 大家快来跟我疯把螺丝放松 双手借给我用我不是要你跟我一起诗歌朗诵我只需要你和我有那一点点的互动跟我说HEY~跟我说HO~咬字不清也能把气氛搞HIGH所以暂时还好 请不要见怪他们要我饶舌 于是我就开始上课咬的字清不清 我不晓得有些说我短舌 嘴里糖果含着两颗这绝对是我的一种特色他们要我饶舌 于是我就开始上课咬的字清不清 我不晓得有些说我短舌 嘴里糖果含着两颗这绝对是我的一种特色这绝对是何维健的特色这首是我献给你们的歌\n\n你好，请问歌曲《咬字》是谁演唱的？", - "你好，Human！歌曲《咬字》是由何维健演唱的。他不仅是这首歌的演唱者，还负责了填词、谱曲以及与施于淳共同创作。这首歌的原创性和个性风格可以体现出他在音乐上的才华。" + "歌曲《咬字》是由何维健演唱的。他不仅是这首歌的演唱者，还负责了填词、谱曲以及与施于淳共同创作。这首歌的原创性和个性风格可以体现出他在音乐上的才华。" ], [ "这首歌是什么时候发行的？", @@ -496064,7 +496064,7 @@ "history": [ [ "家常便饭吴宗宪《原罪》专辑中的歌曲\n《家常便饭》是吴宗宪演唱的歌曲，收录于《原罪》专辑中。\n中文名\n家常便饭\n所属专辑\n《原罪》\n歌曲原唱\n吴宗宪\n歌曲语言\n国语\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n家常便饭歌曲歌词 \nNONO YO YO口白吴宗宪 YONONO 你要去叨NONO 没阿 没录影 蒙 绕哩吴宗宪 啊怎么会没录影NONO 啊就走下坡啊吴宗宪 蛤还没红过就走下坡 你就不是在住阳明山说 啊走下坡你不会出唱片喔NONO 宪哥 你要帮我出唱片喔NONO 啊喂吴宗宪 ㄟ没吴宗宪 ㄏㄏ 出唱片 对我来说家常便饭 但是对你们来讲太难了 下辈子吧NONO ㄟ我会Rapㄝ吴宗宪 甘有影吴宗宪 哈哈真的吗NONO ㄟ你不能忘记 我是HipHopNONO 待会Rap一段给你听听看哦武松打老虎 带一跟棍两双拳一个飞踢几回合过去 把猛虎给摆平拔虎皮给乡亲登天而有多难 离地算起大概有几万公里给我条巨绳 我一定爬上去摘颗星送给你 oh从小就想开飞机翻个筋斗到南极只要我想去 没有不可以不能去 oh 唉对别人而言办不到的事 就很困难对我来说 简直是家常便饭简单到翻对别人而言感情受了伤 愈合很难对我来说简直是家常便饭 我纵横情场Rap星期六在家很无聊 借问你要冲三小 听说PUB的妹妹很多 每一个迷你裙都穿很短我就电话拿起来喂喂喂 找我的麻吉去找妹妹 谁知道运气有够衰 挑来挑去挑到一个痘子最多的有够衰 有够衰 种蒲仔生菜瓜 手去扭到 腰去扭到 腰去闪到 腰去闪到 头去扭到 头去扭到 要贴膏药 要贴膏药点儿个打火机 我看到鬼大概我在发神经才会爱上你 脑袋真的有问题我真是摔到底 oh从小就想开飞机翻个筋斗到南极只要我想去 没有不可以不能去 oh 唉对别人而言办不到的事 就很困难对我来说 简直是家常便饭对别人而言感情受了伤 愈合很难对我来说简直是家常便饭 我纵横情场小皮球 香蕉油 满地开花21小皮球 香蕉油 满地开花21对别人而言办不到的事 就很困难对我来说 简直是家常便饭简单到翻对别人而言感情受了伤 愈合很难对我来说\n家常便饭词曲作者 \n词：Xiao Wu曲：A Gun\n\n我想了解一下这个“家常便饭”这首歌曲，这首歌是谁唱的？", - "嗨Human，这首歌曲名为《家常便饭》，原唱是吴宗宪。这首歌收录在他的《原罪》专辑中。" + "嗨这首歌曲名为《家常便饭》，原唱是吴宗宪。这首歌收录在他的《原罪》专辑中。" ], [ "那么这首歌的词曲作者是谁呢？", @@ -496539,7 +496539,7 @@ "history": [ [ "刘凯山西省浮山县90后画家\n刘凯，山西省浮山县90后画家。\n中文名\n刘凯\n职 业\n画家\n籍 贯\n山西浮山县\n代表作品\n《历史一隅》、《千古绝唱》、《清清谐趣》\n \n刘凯简介 \n正在桌前画画的这个90后男孩叫刘凯，是山西浮山县人，他作画的工具不是专业的画笔，不是铅笔，也不是钢笔，而是一支普通到不能再普通的圆珠笔。然而这支笔在他手中却“笔走游龙”，勾勒出一幅幅精美的画作。\n刘凯人物经历 \n刘凯高中毕业就参加了工作，工作之余，也在用圆珠笔作画，然而，随着研究得越来越深入，业余时间已经无法满足他的作画需求了，于时，他辞去了工作，在家里专职画画。刘凯坦言，他没有别的爱好，每天除了吃饭睡觉，大部分的时间都是安静的坐在桌子前画画。\n刘凯作品 \n刘凯家住农村，他的小“工作室”就是两间小偏房，外面一间是他的小书房，用于作画，一眼看去，满是裱好的成品画作，人物、风景、古建筑各有千秋。而里面的那间就是他的小卧室，在他的卧室里还有二三十张已经用定画液简单处理过的画作。《历史一隅》，画中建筑是山西乔家大院，《千古绝唱》，画中建筑是幽州台，\n《清清谐趣》是以颐和园谐趣园中的饮绿亭为原型创作的，这是刘凯耗时最长的一幅画，前前后后花了20多天。\n刘凯评价 \n日前，山西临汾90后小伙刘凯用蓝色圆珠笔创作的一组画，吸引了许多人的关注，威武的铜狮、高墙深宅的乔家大院、气势恢宏的蟠龙壁……画面色彩鲜艳、线条细腻，其逼真的效果令人惊叹。面对这种风格独特的画作，网友们纷纷直呼：“没想到普普通通的圆珠笔还有这魔力，竟然可以画出这种境界的作品。”\n刘凯所获荣誉 \n2022年5月，入选2022年“全国向上向善好青年（勤学上进）”拟入围名单公示。\n\n请问你了解90后画家刘凯吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解刘凯，他是一位来自山西省浮山县的90后画家，擅长使用圆珠笔创作画作。他的代表作品包括《历史一隅》、《千古绝唱》和《清清谐趣》。刘凯的画作被广泛称赞，被认为具有独特的风格和高度的艺术价值。" + "我了解刘凯，他是一位来自山西省浮山县的90后画家，擅长使用圆珠笔创作画作。他的代表作品包括《历史一隅》、《千古绝唱》和《清清谐趣》。刘凯的画作被广泛称赞，被认为具有独特的风格和高度的艺术价值。" ], [ "那他的个人经历是怎样的呢？", @@ -498023,7 +498023,7 @@ "history": [ [ "挪威语挪威王国官方语言\n挪威语(挪威文：Norsk)，是挪威王国的官方语言，属于印欧语系日耳曼语族北日耳曼语支，使用人口除本国的420万外，移居美国的挪威人中约有60万。挪威语经历过漫长的变化后，变得与同语支的瑞典语和丹麦语十分相似，这三种语言的人也可以互相沟通。由于丹麦语从16世纪至19世纪期间一直是挪威地区的标准书写语言，以致近代的挪威语发展一直都受着爱国主义、城乡隔阂以及挪威文学史的争议所影响。\n中文名\n挪威语\n外文名\nNorsk(挪威文)\n解 释\n挪威的官方语言\n语 系\n印欧语系日耳曼语族\n \n挪威语简介 \n普遍通用于挪威，也是挪威的官方语言。挪威语与瑞典语和丹麦语十分相似，这三种语言的人也可以互相沟通。由于丹麦语从16世纪至19世纪期间一直是挪威地区的标准书写语言， 以致近代的挪威语发展一直都受著爱国主义、城乡隔阂以及挪威文学史的争议所影响。根据挪威法律和政府政策，现行的挪威语有两套书写形式，分别是\"书面挪威语\"(或称布克莫尔挪威语，挪威文：Bokmål )和\"新挪威语\"(或称耐诺斯克挪威语，挪威文：Nynorsk)。两种书写挪威语的形式分别温和地代表着保守和激进的书写表达方式。Bokmål和Nynorsk还有他们非官方的版本，分别称为Riksmål和Hognorsk。\n挪威语类别 \n挪威书面语存在着两种不同的规范：布克莫尔语和新挪威语。布克莫尔语的前身称里克斯莫尔语，新挪威语的前身称兰斯莫尔语。里克斯莫尔语指丹-挪联盟时期(1380-1814年)在书面丹麦语的强烈影响下形成的一种丹-挪混合语。1814年挪威摆脱丹麦的统治，国民要求把里克斯莫尔语挪威化。著名作家H.易卜生(1828-1906年)等也对语言改革给予有力支持，于是里克斯莫尔语经历了三次拼写法改革，愈益靠近挪威语改革后的里克斯莫尔语更多地体现了挪威民族语言的特点。兰斯莫尔语系挪威语言学家I.A.奥森（1813-1896年）为了维护挪威本族语的传统于19世纪中叶所拟，他以挪威口语方言为基础，编出了语法和词典，1885年终于取得官方承认，称新挪威语。布克莫尔语与新挪威语可以互通，两种语言均为教育用语和官方语言。实际上用布克莫尔语的约占人口80%，新挪威语在农民和渔民中使用较广。挪威政府曾采取措施，力图缩小布克莫尔语和新挪威语的差别，以形成一种共同挪威语。\n挪威语语音 \n挪威语概览\n\n请问，挪威语是哪个国家的官方语言？", - "你好，Human。挪威语是挪威王国的官方语言。" + "挪威语是挪威王国的官方语言。" ], [ "挪威语和哪些语言相似，使用者能否互相理解？", @@ -498251,7 +498251,7 @@ "history": [ [ "红酒\n歌曲《红酒》由师勃林演唱，刘尚勇作词，作曲。发行于2021年8月7日\n中文名\n红酒\n所属专辑\n红酒\n歌曲时长\n4分41秒\n歌曲原唱\n师勃林\n填 词\n刘尚勇\n谱 曲\n刘尚勇\n编 曲\n刘尚勇\n音乐风格\n流行\n发行日期\n2021年8月7日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n红酒歌曲信息 \n红酒\n演唱:师勃林词曲:刘尚勇编曲：刘尚勇混音：杜明修\n红酒歌曲歌词 \n窗外雨敲打着心田寂寞夜只有孤单陪伴杯中酒映出你送别的画面心轻叹却未许下诺言花纷飞散落一地红挥不去梦里你容颜剪不断日夜思念梦断魂牵眼朦胧又看见你的脸斟一杯红酒为你而眠只为在梦中能和你相见这一世红尘未能和你相伴是我今生欠下你的缘斟一杯红酒为你而眠只为在梦中能和你相见窗外雨滑落潮湿了我的眼只想回到和你分开的那一天花纷飞散落一地红挥不去梦里你容颜剪不断日夜思念梦断魂牵眼朦胧又看见你的脸斟一杯红酒为你而眠只为在梦中能和你相见这一世红尘未能和你相伴是我今生欠下你的缘斟一杯红酒为你而眠只为在梦中能和你相见窗外雨滑落潮湿了我的眼只想回到和你分开的那一天只想回到和你分开的那一天未经许可,不得翻唱或使用\n\n请问这首歌曲《红酒》是什么风格的音乐？", - "你好，Human。这首歌曲《红酒》是流行风格的音乐。流行音乐通常具有较宽泛的受众，并易于欣赏。这首歌曲的流行风格可能使其受众更广泛，更容易吸引听众的注意力。" + "这首歌曲《红酒》是流行风格的音乐。流行音乐通常具有较宽泛的受众，并易于欣赏。这首歌曲的流行风格可能使其受众更广泛，更容易吸引听众的注意力。" ], [ "请告诉我这首歌的填词人、谱曲人和编曲人是谁？", @@ -499022,7 +499022,7 @@ "history": [ [ "玫瑰玫瑰我爱你凤飞飞音乐专辑\n《玫瑰玫瑰我爱你》是百乐唱片于1978年12月1日发布的一本音乐专辑。专辑收录12首歌，由凤飞飞演唱\n。\n中文名\n玫瑰玫瑰我爱你\n专辑语言\n普通话\n专辑歌手\n凤飞飞\n专辑时长\n0时33分\n曲目数量\n12 首\n音乐风格\n流行\n唱片公司\n百乐唱片\n发行时间\n1978年年12月1日\n \n玫瑰玫瑰我爱你基本信息 \n艺人：凤飞飞语种：国语唱片公司：百乐唱片发行时间：1978年12月1日\n玫瑰玫瑰我爱你专辑曲目 \n1.玫瑰玫瑰我爱你2.再会吧原野3.少年的我4.今宵多珍重5.何日君再来6.月光小夜曲7.噢！苏珊娜8.说不出的快活9.岷江夜曲10.秋词11.我不管12.寒雨曲\n\n请问凤飞飞的《玫瑰玫瑰我爱你》专辑是哪一年发行的？", - "你好，Human！凤飞飞的《玫瑰玫瑰我爱你》专辑是在1978年12月1日发行的。这是一张非常经典的音乐专辑。" + "凤飞飞的《玫瑰玫瑰我爱你》专辑是在1978年12月1日发行的。这是一张非常经典的音乐专辑。" ], [ "这张专辑有多少首歌曲？能否告诉我它们的名字？", @@ -499091,7 +499091,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中电金信软件有限公司从事金融科技行业的公司\n中电金信软件有限公司（简称“中电金信”），是中国电子整合核心资源推出的全新品牌\n，定位“基于全栈信息技术的金融数字化咨询及软件提供商”，聚焦“金融+生态”，依托中国电子加快打造国家网信产业核心力量和组织平台的优势，联合科技领域生态伙伴力量，构建金融数字化咨询及软件服务能力，全面助力金融机构迈入自主、安全、可持续的金融科技发展之路\n。\n公司名称\n中电金信软件有限公司\n所属行业\n金融、软件\n成立时间\n2011年1月26日\n总部地点\n北京市海淀区西小口路66号东升科技园C区4号楼401室\n经营范围\n业务咨询、软件产品、解决方案实施、云架构迁移、运维运营、质量安全保障和系统集成等\n \n中电金信软件有限公司公司简介 \n中电金信作为中国电子发力金融行业数字化的核心聚焦，中电金信形成了包括业务咨询、软件产品、解决方案实施、云架构迁移、运维运营、质量安全保障和系统集成等全栈式的金融科技产品和服务\n，中电金信累计为500余家金融机构提供服务，同时不断深化与多家科技企业的技术合作，形成了以“金融科技+生态”的独特竞争力\n。中电金信\n在全国设有超过20家研发机构\n，以开放的心态持续创新\n，以市场为导向坚定不移打造科技硬实力\n。中电金信在技术中台层面相继推出自主研发的分布式金融PaaS平台、数据中台、移动应用平台、AI行业平台和质量安全管理平台，形成了资源整合与能力支持平台。在数字化应用系统层面，构建了包括分布式核心业务系统、交易银行、供应链金融、信贷管理、贸易金融、开放银行、互联网金融、移动金融、远程银行、数字化营销、智慧渠道、全面风险管理和金融财务管理等具有业内核心竞争力的硬核产品体系\n。公司坚持严格执行质量与安全管理原则\n，建立了符合国际标准的安全与质量管控体系，现已通过CMMIL5、ISO27001、ISO9001、ISO20000等认证，在软件研发的项目管理、质量管理和工程管理等方面均保持领先水平\n。根据IDC发布的《中国银行业IT解决方案市场份额报告》显示，中电金信以领先于市场主要厂商的收入和市场占有率，连续三年蝉联中国银行业IT解决方案商榜首\n。\n中电金信软件有限公司所获荣誉 \n中电金信连续三年蝉联IDC中国银行业IT解决方案市场份额第一名\n\n你好，请问你了解中电金信软件有限公司吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解中电金信软件有限公司。它是一家从事金融科技行业的公司，成立于2011年1月26日，总部位于北京市海淀区西小口路66号东升科技园C区4号楼401室。公司的主要业务包括业务咨询、软件产品、解决方案实施、云架构迁移、运维运营、质量安全保障和系统集成等。目前，中电金信已经为500余家金融机构提供服务，并在全国设有超过20家研发机构。" + "我了解中电金信软件有限公司。它是一家从事金融科技行业的公司，成立于2011年1月26日，总部位于北京市海淀区西小口路66号东升科技园C区4号楼401室。公司的主要业务包括业务咨询、软件产品、解决方案实施、云架构迁移、运维运营、质量安全保障和系统集成等。目前，中电金信已经为500余家金融机构提供服务，并在全国设有超过20家研发机构。" ] ] }, @@ -499541,7 +499541,7 @@ "history": [ [ "僧房\n僧房，又作僧坊、僧寮。梵语viha^ra，音译“毗诃罗”。即僧众经常止住起卧之房舍。\n中文名\n僧房\n外文名\nviha^ra\n别 名\n僧坊、僧寮\n汉典解释\n僧人居住的房舍\n音 译\n毗诃罗\n国语辞典\n寺院\n英 文\nMonk room\n \n僧房僧房简介 \n梵语viha^ra。音译毗诃罗。又作僧坊、僧寮。即僧众经常止住起卧之房舍。《汉典》解释为：“僧人居住的房舍。\n”《国语辞典》解释为：“寺院”。\n有关其制法，据《四分律卷三》《萨婆多毗尼毗婆沙卷三》《摩诃僧祇律卷六》等所载，若无檀越（施主），比丘自乞作房舍时，先选无难处、无妨处，其纵量为佛之十二桀手，横量为七桀手。若有檀越为比丘作僧房，则不必问其量数。又据有《部毗奈耶杂事卷十七》及《南海寄归内法传卷三》卧息方法可知，僧房内或有画白骨髑髅者，或有安置佛像者。\n僧房僧房起源 \n据《四分律卷五十》所载，释迦佛既成道，与五比丘住于阿兰若处、树下、空房、山谷窟中、露地、草筶、草积之边、林间、冢间、水边等。及入王舍城，瓶沙王于迦兰陀竹园作房舍施予佛及四方僧。不久，即有同城一长者，于耆阇崛山营建六十房舍，一切所需皆具足，供养佛陀，此为僧房建立之滥觞。\n僧房文献记载 \n僧房印度僧房\n据《大唐西域求法高僧传·卷上》叙述那烂陀寺之僧房（大五一·五中）：“其僧房也，面有九焉，一一房中可方丈许，后面通窗，户向檐矣。其门既高，唯安一扇，皆相瞻望，不许安帘，出外平观，四面皆睹，互相检察，宁容片私，于一角头作阁道还往，寺上四角各为塼堂，多闻大德而住于此。”可知印度僧房之结构。\n僧房中日僧房\n中国于唐中世，及至禅宗之清规成立，始兴起建造僧堂以群居之风。中国、日本之诸大寺，于讲堂之东、西、北三方设立僧房，称为三面僧房。[《杂阿含经卷二十五》《十诵律卷五十六》《有部毗奈耶杂事卷十》《阿育王传卷三·半庵罗果因缘》]明朝鲜李民宬《敬亭先生续集·朝天录》：“（天启三年六月）十七日丙子，留登州。朝，使臣谢宴于军门（袁可立）。所寓僧房壁蝨（同“虱”）\n，移寓于寺门外吕家。”\n僧房古诗描写\n僧房[ 宋 ] 陈必复结庐修竹里，身外世缘轻。滑几净如拭，小窗低更明。夜深留佛火，人静听钟声。共拨炉灰坐，跏趺对短檠。僧房[元] 陈泰僧房吟坐久，孤枕已中宵。灯尽寒侵幌，梅香梦过桥。江湖残岁逼，风雪故山遥。明日又行役，天涯影寂寥。\n僧房中英文对照\n\n你好。请问僧房是什么？", - "你好，Human。僧房（梵语vihāra，音译毗诃罗），又作僧坊、僧寮，是僧众经常居住和起卧的房舍。籍《汉典》解释为：“僧人居住的房舍。”根据古籍记载，僧房内可能会有画白骨髑髅的地方，也可能有安置佛像的地方，以便僧侣在其中修行。" + "僧房（梵语vihāra，音译毗诃罗），又作僧坊、僧寮，是僧众经常居住和起卧的房舍。籍《汉典》解释为：“僧人居住的房舍。”根据古籍记载，僧房内可能会有画白骨髑髅的地方，也可能有安置佛像的地方，以便僧侣在其中修行。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释。那么，僧房的起源是什么？", @@ -499774,7 +499774,7 @@ "history": [ [ "迟爱郁可唯演唱歌曲\n《迟爱》是电视剧《一场遇见爱情的旅行》剧情推广主题曲，由郁可唯演唱，肖思齐作词，陈雪燃作曲。为了更好的呈现作品，郁可唯不断与制作人探讨，对歌词的细节进行调整。在录制歌曲时，郁可唯赤脚上阵，只为声音达到最好的状态。\n中文名\n迟爱\n所属专辑\n《一场遇见爱情的旅行》原声带\n歌曲时长\n03:37\n发行时间\n2019-04-24\n歌曲原唱\n郁可唯\n填 词\n肖思齐\n谱 曲\n陈雪燃\n编 曲\n陈雪燃\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n英语\n制作人\n陈雪燃\n配唱制作人\n杨祎\n出品公司\n太阳动力文化传播\n大提琴\nRo Rowan\n制 谱\nJacob Boyd\n弦乐录音\nJacob Boyd\n录音工程师\nObadiah Brown-Beach\n和 声\nJennifer Foster 赵贝尔\n管弦乐团\nNEM Studios Session Strings\n录音棚\nNEM Studios\n混音 母带\nNEM Studios\n 歌曲歌词风带走了 我的爱飞越星辰和大海 之外风越过了 这山脉不知何时回来不知我为何 还在等待为何才 发现 你的爱太晚明白谢谢你多想告诉你原来你 的爱 一直在太晚明白因为你不再怕风雨With me with me一路为我 遮风 挡雨With me with me with me庆幸这一路上 有你我站在云彩之外望向芬芳的花海 盛开我要找回我的爱庆幸我没走开没错过这美丽的意外为何才发现你的爱太晚明白谢谢你多想告诉你原来你的爱一直在太晚明白因为你为何才发现你的爱太晚明白谢谢你多想告诉你原来你的爱一直在太晚明白因为你不再怕风雨With me with me一路为我遮风 挡雨With me with me with me此生无悔与你 同行Always with me\n\n请问电视剧《一场遇见爱情的旅行》的主题曲是什么歌？是谁演唱的？", - "你好，Human！电视剧《一场遇见爱情的旅行》的主题曲是《迟爱》，由郁可唯演唱。这首歌曲作为剧情推广主题曲，吸引了很多观众的喜爱。" + "电视剧《一场遇见爱情的旅行》的主题曲是《迟爱》，由郁可唯演唱。这首歌曲作为剧情推广主题曲，吸引了很多观众的喜爱。" ], [ "请告诉我《迟爱》的制作团队和发行时间。", @@ -500430,7 +500430,7 @@ "history": [ [ "公园派对\n《公园派对》是由美国道旁吸引力发行的88分钟剧情影片。该片由詹森·福瑞兰德执导，凡妮莎·肖、克里斯托弗·阿尔伯特、理查德·古恩等主演，于2008年7月11日在美国上映\n。该片讲述了一个15岁的小姑娘在美国洛杉矶遭遇着诱惑与烦恼，偶然与三个热爱音乐的青年相遇后，一探寻未知前路的故事\n。\n中文名\n公园派对\n外文名\nGarden Party\n其他译名\n花园派对、花园聚会\n类 型\n剧情\n出品公司\nLookout影业\n制片地区\n美国\n发行公司\n道旁吸引力\n导 演\n詹森·福瑞兰德\n编 剧\n詹森·福瑞兰德\n主 演\n凡妮莎·肖、克里斯托弗·阿尔伯特、理查德·古恩\n片 长\n88 分钟\n上映时间\n2008年7月11日\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\nimdb编码\ntt0828393\n出品时间\n2008年\n \n基本信息\n \n公园派对剧情简介 \n如果一定要说“功名利禄如浮云”，那么洛杉矶就是一座沉浸在“云”中的城市。这里，可以让人们感受距离奢望中的成功有多近；这里，又在告诉人们现实中的理想究竟有多远。然而，它毕竟是这个世界的文化首府，是无尽感染力的始发地，是天才创造力的云集地，也是奔放想象力的栖居地。许许多多的年轻人，都是在“好莱坞”俯视下，开始了自己在艺术上的寻梦之旅。三个热爱音乐的青年，正在这座城市里奋斗。他们都是没什么经济来源的穷小子，晚上找不到地方住，甚至吃饭也成问题，然而他们却执着地追求关于音乐的梦想，乐队成员亲如兄弟，同甘共苦，希望有一天他们的音乐可以被人认可。艾普莉尔，一个15岁的小姑娘，也在这座城市中遭遇着诱惑与烦恼。她没办法回家，道德沦丧的“家长偷窥者”让她心惊；和朋友们在一起也不是长久之计，失衡、迷茫的生活只能让大家集体堕落；想发展事业，对她感兴趣的就只有色情杂志和成人影片的拍摄者。偶然的情况下，艾普莉尔与乐队的小伙子们相识了，他们开始共同探寻未知的前路。然而这个过程常常伴随着艰难险阻，他们撞上了房产经纪人萨利布置的“大网”，以往任何靠近“大网”的人都会成为可怜的牺牲品。此外，性感的萨利也有自己的麻烦，早年拍摄的激情影片正有人把它放在互联网上流传\n。\n公园派对演职员表 \n公园派对演员表\n \n \n薇拉·贺兰德 饰 艾普莉尔\n-\n \n \n凡妮莎·肖 饰 萨利\n-\n \n \n詹妮弗·劳伦斯 饰 蒂芙\n-\nAlexander Cendese 饰 内森\n-\n \n \n理查德·古恩 饰 托德\n-\n\n请问，《公园派对》是在哪一年上映的？", - "你好，Human。《公园派对》于2008年7月11日在美国上映。这部电影已经有一段时间了，但它的剧情和主题仍然引人入胜。" + "《公园派对》于2008年7月11日在美国上映。这部电影已经有一段时间了，但它的剧情和主题仍然引人入胜。" ], [ "电影的主要演员有哪些？", @@ -500585,7 +500585,7 @@ "history": [ [ "焊锡丝\n焊锡丝，中文名称：焊锡丝、焊锡线、锡线、锡丝，英文名称：solder wire，焊锡丝是由锡合金和助剂两部分组成，合金成份分为锡铅、无铅助剂均匀灌注到锡合金中间部位。焊锡丝种类不同助剂也就不同，助剂部分是提高焊锡丝在焊接过程中的辅热传导，去除氧化，降低被焊接材质表面张力，去除被焊接材质表面油污，增大焊接面积。焊锡丝的特质是具有一定的长度与直径的锡合金丝，在电子原器件的焊接中可与电烙铁或激光配合使用。\n中文名\n焊锡丝\n外文名\nsolder wire\n别 名\n焊锡线、锡线、锡丝\n组 成\n锡合金和助剂\n分 类\n锡铅合金焊锡丝，纯锡焊锡丝，锡铜合金焊锡丝等\n危 害\n对呼吸道、肺损伤比较大\n \n焊锡丝规格分类 \n根据不同的情况，焊锡丝有几种分类的方法：按金属合金材料来分类：可分为锡铅合金焊锡丝，纯锡焊锡丝，锡铜合金焊锡丝，锡银铜合金焊锡丝，锡铋合金焊锡丝，锡镍合金焊锡丝及特殊含锡合金材质的焊锡丝按焊锡丝的助剂的化学成份来分类：可分为松香芯焊锡丝，免清洗焊锡丝，实芯焊锡丝，树脂型焊锡丝，单芯焊锡丝，三芯焊锡丝，水溶性焊锡丝，铝焊焊锡丝，不锈钢焊锡丝按熔解温度来分类：可分为低温焊锡丝，常温焊锡丝，高温焊锡丝标 准 线 径●●●●●●0.3mm0.5mm0.6mm0.8mm1.0mm1.2mm依客订做范围为: 0.3mm - 0.5mm有铅焊锡丝规格熔点（°C）可供应产品形式实芯锡线药芯锡线锡63/铅37183▲▲锡60/铅40183-190▲▲锡55/铅45183-203▲▲锡50/铅50183-215▲▲锡45/铅55183-227▲▲锡40/铅60183-238▲▲锡35/铅65183-248▲▲锡30/铅70183-258▲▲锡25/铅75183-266▲▲锡20/铅80183-279▲▲锡15/铅85183-295▲无铅焊锡丝规格熔点（°C）可供应产品形式实芯锡线药芯锡线99.3锡-0.7铜227▲▲锡-0.3银-铜183-190▲▲96.5锡-3.0银-0.3铜183-203▲▲锡-3.0银183-215▲▲阳极棒99.9锡183-227\n焊锡丝无铅锡丝 \n焊锡丝类别\n★ 锡铜无铅锡线/焊锡丝 (Sn99.3Cu0.7)★ 锡银铜无铅锡线/锡丝 (Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5)★ 0.3银无铅锡线/焊锡丝 (Sn99.0Ag0.3Cu0.7)★ 实芯型无铅锡线/焊锡丝 (不含助焊剂)\n焊锡丝特点\n\n你好，请问焊锡丝有什么作用？", - "你好，Human！焊锡丝主要用于电子产品、电子元器件等在焊接过程中，它的作用主要是传导热量、去除氧化物、降低被焊接材质表面张力、去除被焊接材质表面油污，从而增大焊接面积，提高焊接效果。焊锡丝与电烙铁或激光一同使用，通过它们之间的相互协作，实现电子产品等组件的精确焊接。" + "焊锡丝主要用于电子产品、电子元器件等在焊接过程中，它的作用主要是传导热量、去除氧化物、降低被焊接材质表面张力、去除被焊接材质表面油污，从而增大焊接面积，提高焊接效果。焊锡丝与电烙铁或激光一同使用，通过它们之间的相互协作，实现电子产品等组件的精确焊接。" ], [ "请告诉我焊锡丝的常用分类和规格。", @@ -500604,7 +500604,7 @@ "history": [ [ "超级联盟2014年出版的安卓版游戏\n超级联盟是一个新游戏，安卓的。发行商：9377平台发行日期：2014.5.13主要角色：战士，弓箭手，法师洗练的属性项分别是：力量、智力、敏捷、生命、韧性、暴击、格挡、破击、命中和闪避。装备分为：武器、护甲、头盔、鞋子、饰品。1）武器：加攻击。2）护甲：加物理防御。3）头盔：加法术防御。4）鞋子：加出手速度。5）饰品：加生命。装备的品质从低到高依次为：绿色、蓝色、紫色、金色。装备品质会根据游戏进程逐渐开放。《超级联萌》中的女神和灵兽都是很重要的，缺一不可。\n中文名\n超级联盟\n游戏类型\nandroid游戏\n游戏平台\n9377游戏平台\n发行公司\n9377游戏平台\n发行日期\n2014.5.13\n主要角色\n战士、弓箭手、法师\n \n超级联盟简介 \n超级联盟是一个新游戏，安卓的。发行商：9377平台发行日期：2014.5.13主要角色：战士，弓箭手，法师洗练的属性项分别是：力量、智力、敏捷、生命、韧性、暴击、格挡、破击、命中和闪避。装备分为：武器、护甲、头盔、鞋子、饰品。1）武器：加攻击。2）护甲：加物理防御。3）头盔：加法术防御。4）鞋子：加出手速度。5）饰品：加生命。装备的品质从低到高依次为：绿色、蓝色、紫色、金色。装备品质会根据游戏进程逐渐开放。《超级联萌》中的女神和灵兽都是很重要的，缺一不可。\n超级联盟灵兽系统 \n《超级联萌》中的女神和灵兽都是很重要的，缺一不可，所以，为了让新手更加了解这两者，所以我们就来科普一下这两者的相关内容\n\n我听说《超级联盟》是一个很有趣的游戏，请问这个游戏是在什么平台上发行的？", - "你好，Human！《超级联盟》是一个安卓平台的游戏，由9377游戏平台发行的。这款游戏的发行日期是2014年5月13日。如果你对这个游戏感兴趣，可以在9377平台上尝试体验一下哦。" + "《超级联盟》是一个安卓平台的游戏，由9377游戏平台发行的。这款游戏的发行日期是2014年5月13日。如果你对这个游戏感兴趣，可以在9377平台上尝试体验一下哦。" ], [ "这款游戏有哪些主要角色呢？", @@ -501017,7 +501017,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天津站站中国天津市境内地铁车站\n天津站站位于天津市河北区天津站后广场地下，是天津轨道交通车站之一。2012年7月1日，天津轨道交通2号线开通，天津站启用，2012年10月1日3号线正式开通式运营，乘客可换乘至地铁2号线，9号线调试工作已完成，并于2012年10月15日开通试运营。乘客将可以通过换乘到达市内六区、环城四区以及滨海新区。\n中文名\n天津站\n外文名\nTIANJINZHAN Station\n别 名\n天津火车站\n途经路线\n天津轨道交通2号线、3号线、9号线\n车站位置\n河北区天津站后广场地下\n \n同义词\n天津站（中国天津市境内轨道交通车站）一般指天津站站\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n天津站站基本介绍 \n \n天津站站(16张)\n 天津站位于天津市区河北区天津站后广场地下，是天津轨道交通车站之一。2012年7月1日，天津轨道交通2号线开通，天津站站启用，2012年10月1日3号线正式开通式运营，乘客可换乘至地铁2号线，9号线调试工作已完成，并于2012年10月15日开通试运营。乘客将可以通过换乘到达市内6区，环城4区及滨海新区。\n天津站站运营历史 \n2012年7月1日2号线开通试运营。运营时间为09:00～16:00。2012年8月下旬9号线运行至此站折返。2012年9月1日2号线运营时间改为06:24～22:24。2012年9月30日9号线改回十一经路站折返。2012年10月1日3号线开通试运营。运营时间为06:24～22:26。2012年10月8日9号线再度运行至此站折返。2012年10月15日9号线开通试运营。运营时间为06:00～22:00。2013年8月28日2号线建国道站开通，运营时间改为06:19～22:34。同时，3号线运营时间改为06:24～22:40\n天津站站车站总览\n\n请问天津站站是哪一年启用的？", - "你好，Human！天津站站是在2012年7月1日启用的。当时，天津轨道交通2号线开始开通试运营，使天津站作为轨道交通车站投入使用。" + "天津站站是在2012年7月1日启用的。当时，天津轨道交通2号线开始开通试运营，使天津站作为轨道交通车站投入使用。" ], [ "天津站站分别位于哪些轨道交通线上？", @@ -501059,7 +501059,7 @@ "history": [ [ "辣炒土豆丝\n辣炒土豆丝是川菜中的素菜，主料是土豆跟辣椒，特点是咸鲜味辣。\n中文名\n辣炒土豆丝\n做 法\n炒\n菜 系\n川菜菜谱\n主 料\n根茎\n \n辣炒土豆丝基本信息 \n \n辣炒土豆丝(3张)\n 【做法】 炒【菜系】 鲁菜菜谱【主料】 根茎【味型】 香辣【成菜】 热菜\n辣炒土豆丝原料 \n土豆500克，尖椒、葱花、蒜茸、干辣椒丝、米醋、盐、味精、花生油、花椒油各适量。\n辣炒土豆丝做法 \n1、将土豆去皮切成粗细均匀的丝，尖椒切丝。2、将土豆丝下入开水锅中焯至断生。3、锅烧热油，下葱花、蒜茸、干辣椒丝爆香，放入尖椒丝略炒，再放入土豆丝，加盐、味精炒匀，淋米醋、花椒油，出锅即可。\n辣炒土豆丝烹饪秘诀 \n切土豆丝时，先把片切均匀，这样丝就切匀了；出锅前淋米醋能保持菜的清香，而不破坏菜品口味。\n\n请问辣炒土豆丝是哪个菜系的菜品？", - "你好，Human！辣炒土豆丝是川菜系的一道素菜。主要特点是咸鲜味辣，主料为土豆和辣椒。" + "辣炒土豆丝是川菜系的一道素菜。主要特点是咸鲜味辣，主料为土豆和辣椒。" ], [ "辣炒土豆丝的原料有哪些呢？", @@ -501526,7 +501526,7 @@ "history": [ [ "记忆\n《记忆》是叶玉卿演唱的歌曲，收录于专辑《飞图超白金精选7》中\n。\n中文名\n记忆\n所属专辑\n飞图超白金精选7\n歌曲原唱\n叶玉卿\n填 词\n陈容森\n \n记忆歌曲信息 \n记忆 (Memory From Cats) - 叶玉卿词：陈容森曲：卢东尼唱片公司：英皇唱片\n记忆歌曲歌词 \n多少事改变了我全都不知道什么是好多少事已变老却改变不了对你的好是否爱得太早是否爱得太好从没有感觉到过去你对我的爱你的关心已看不到拒绝提起往事锁上记忆不会牵挂往日褪色片断也许不易也许不易使我惆怅不已拒绝提起往事锁上记忆不会牵挂往日褪色片断也许不易也许不易让我独自伤心\n咟喥咟萪\n\n根据上面给出的信息，这首歌《记忆》是哪位歌手演唱的？", - "你好，Human。这首歌《记忆》是由叶玉卿演唱的。有什么问题我可以帮助你吗？" + "这首歌《记忆》是由叶玉卿演唱的。有什么问题我可以帮助你吗？" ], [ "请你告诉我这首歌的词作者和曲作者是谁？", @@ -501773,7 +501773,7 @@ "history": [ [ "涅槃经佛教经典的重要部类之一\n《涅槃经》是佛教经典的重要部类之一，有大乘与小乘之分。西晋后出现了几种不同的大乘《涅槃经》的译本，其中影响大的主要有三个：一、东晋义熙十四年（公元418年）僧人法显和觉贤合译的《大般泥洹经》六卷，但该译本不是《涅槃经》的全译，只是译了原经初分的前五品；二、北凉玄始十年（公元421年）由著名的译经师昙无谶在北凉都城凉州（今武威市）所译的《大般涅槃经》四十卷，该译本首次将原经的完整面目现于中土世人面前；三、刘宋元嘉年间（公元424—453年），慧严、慧观与诗人谢灵运等根据上述两译本进行改编的《大般涅槃经》三十六卷，又称作《南本涅槃经》。\n中文名\n涅槃经\n外文名\nNirvana Sutra\n别 名\n《南本涅槃经》\n拼 音\nniè pán jīng\n地 位\n佛教经典的重要部类之一\n分 类\n大乘与小乘\n \n涅槃经简介\n\n你好，请问《涅槃经》是佛教经典的重要部类之一吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，《涅槃经》确实是佛教经典的重要部类之一。它分为大乘和小乘两种，涉及佛教教义的诸多方面。这部经典传授了许多涅槃的思想，尤其在大乘佛教中具有举足轻重的地位。" + "是的，《涅槃经》确实是佛教经典的重要部类之一。它分为大乘和小乘两种，涉及佛教教义的诸多方面。这部经典传授了许多涅槃的思想，尤其在大乘佛教中具有举足轻重的地位。" ], [ "这部经典的中文名是什么？", @@ -502842,7 +502842,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鸽子\n《鸽子》由胡里奥·伊格莱西亚斯演唱，是一首西班牙语歌曲。\n中文名\n鸽子\n歌曲原唱\n胡里奥·伊格莱西亚斯\n音乐风格\n民歌\n歌曲语言\n西班牙语\n \n鸽子原文歌词 \nLa Paloma Julio lglesiasUna canción me recuerda aquel ayerCuando se marchó en silencio un atadecerSe fué con su canto triste a otro lugarDejó como compa?era mi soledad.Una paloma blanca me canta al albaViejas melancolías, cosas del almallegan con el silencio de la ma?anaY cuando salgo a verla vuela a su casa.Dónde va? que mi vozYa no quiere escuchar,Dónde va? que mi vida se apagaSi junto a mi no está.Si quisiera volverYo la iría a esperarCada día, cada madrugadaPara quererla más.\n鸽子中文歌词 \n鸽子演唱： 胡里奥·伊格莱西亚斯当我离开可爱的故乡哈瓦那，你想不到我是多么悲伤。天上飘着明亮的七色的彩霞，心爱的姑娘靠在我身旁；亲爱的我愿同你一起去远洋，像一只鸽子在海上自由飞翔；跟你的船帆在海上乘风破浪，你爱着我啊像一只小鸽子一样。亲爱的小鸽子啊，请你来到我身旁，我们，飞过蓝色的海洋，走向遥远的地方。当我回到家乡哈瓦那好地方，是你唱着歌儿等候我在岸旁；母亲我在异乡多么想念你，每天每夜把这离别的歌儿唱；亲爱的我愿随你同去远航，像一只鸽子在海上自由地飞翔。和你的船帆在海上乘风破浪，你爱着我呀像一只小鸽子一样。亲爱的小鸽子，请你来到我身旁，我们飞过蓝色的海洋，走向遥远的地方。\n鸽子作者介绍\n\n你好，请问《鸽子》这首歌的原唱是谁？", - "你好，Human。《鸽子》这首歌的原唱是胡里奥·伊格莱西亚斯（Julio Iglesias）。" + "《鸽子》这首歌的原唱是胡里奥·伊格莱西亚斯（Julio Iglesias）。" ], [ "这首歌的风格是什么？", @@ -503075,7 +503075,7 @@ "history": [ [ "冬虫夏草\n冬虫夏草是新三板上市股票，代码：831898。公司全称：玉树藏族自治州三江源冬虫夏草科技股份有限公司。\n中文名\n冬虫夏草\n外文名\nCordyceps sinensis（Berk.）Sacc\n代 码\n831898\n \n成立日期：2002-04-09挂牌日期：2015-02-27注册资本：5000.00万行业：农业经营范围中药材、土特产品、畜产品、名贵中药材及中药饮片、保健食品(涉及前置审批的凭资质证经营)的生产、加工和销售、红景天种植***\n公司简介中药材公司于2002年4月9日取得青海省玉树州工商行政管理局核发的注册号为6327001200058的《企业法人营业执照》,中药材公司设立时名称:玉树藏族自治州三江源中药材贸易公司;住所:玉树县结古镇先锋巷11号;法定代表人:扎西才吉;注册资金:50万元;经济性质:集体;经营方式:收购、加工、批发、零售;经营范围:主营中药材,兼营土特产品、畜产品。 三江源有限整体变更设立为三江源股份后,三江源股份于2014年9月25日获得青海省玉树州工商行政管理局颁发的注册号为632700100000146的《企业法人营业执照》。\n\n你好，根据上述提供的信息，请问冬虫夏草公司的中文名和外文名分别是什么？", - "你好，Human。冬虫夏草公司的中文名是“玉树藏族自治州三江源冬虫夏草科技股份有限公司”，描述了它的地理位置、民族地区和业务范围。外文名是Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc，这是一种在中文中被称为“冬虫夏草”的真菌的学名。回答这个问题可以帮助你了解冬虫夏草公司的名字来源和产品类型。" + "冬虫夏草公司的中文名是“玉树藏族自治州三江源冬虫夏草科技股份有限公司”，描述了它的地理位置、民族地区和业务范围。外文名是Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc，这是一种在中文中被称为“冬虫夏草”的真菌的学名。回答这个问题可以帮助你了解冬虫夏草公司的名字来源和产品类型。" ], [ "谢谢！那么冬虫夏草公司的股票代码是多少？它什么时候上市的？", @@ -503553,7 +503553,7 @@ "history": [ [ "铁砧\n铁砧是一个汉语词汇，读音为tiě zhēn，指铁铸的砧板；锻捶金属用的垫座。大多数两头突起；通“椹”，砧板。砧：古称“垫”。\n中文名\n铁砧\n读 音\ntiě zhēn\n出 处\n1、捣衣石 2.通“椹”\n意 思\n铁铸的砧板；锻捶金属用的垫座\n \n铁砧读音 \n铁砧：tiě zhēn\n铁砧解释 \n \n铁砧(6张)\n 锤砸东西时垫在底下的器具称为“砧”。铁砧是中国古代打铁时的垫子，每个铁匠铺都有，形状像粗木桩，高30~100cm不等。有的是一整块铁，也有的下面是木桩，上面放一块厚厚的铁。铁砧一些地方仍然存在，如龙泉铸剑还在用。中国民间铁匠奉道教太上老君为祖师，称铁砧为“太上老君的膝盖”，对之敬奉有加，不可用铁砧开玩笑，也不可以在上面随便放东西。\n铁砧出处 \n1、捣衣石。杜甫《捣衣》：“秋至拭清砧”；《秋兴八首》：“白帝城高急暮砧”。2.通“椹”，砧板。砧：古称垫\n\n请帮我解释一下什么是铁砧？", - "你好，Human！铁砧（tiě zhēn）是一个汉语词汇，它是一种铁铸的砧板，用于锻捶金属时作为垫座。铁砧的形状通常像粗木桩，高度在30~100厘米之间。有的铁砧是整块铁制成的，而有的下面是木桩，上面放置一块厚厚的铁。在中国古代打铁时，每个铁匠铺都会有铁砧。希望这个解释能帮助你理解铁砧的含义。" + "铁砧（tiě zhēn）是一个汉语词汇，它是一种铁铸的砧板，用于锻捶金属时作为垫座。铁砧的形状通常像粗木桩，高度在30~100厘米之间。有的铁砧是整块铁制成的，而有的下面是木桩，上面放置一块厚厚的铁。在中国古代打铁时，每个铁匠铺都会有铁砧。希望这个解释能帮助你理解铁砧的含义。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释！请告诉我铁砧在打铁时的作用是什么？", @@ -503656,7 +503656,7 @@ "history": [ [ "可克达拉\n可克达拉是新疆维吾尔自治区直辖县级市，与新疆生产建设兵团第四师实行师市合一管理体制，由新疆生产建设兵团管理。东临伊犁哈萨克自治州伊宁市，西接霍尔果斯市，南靠都拉塔口岸，北依天山北脉科古尔琴山\n。土地面积6040平方公里。2019年底，可克达拉总人口25.6551万人，其中少数民族占22.96%\n。“可克”是哈萨克语，意为“绿色”，“达拉”是蒙古语，意为“原野”。“可克达拉”是综合哈萨克语和蒙古语后产生的地名，是“绿色原野”的意思\n。2015年，可克达拉市由兵团四师63团、64团、68团全部区域和66团（清伊高速公路以南）、67团（都拉塔分场以北、都拉塔口岸以东）部分区域组成。2020年，可克达拉市实现地区生产总值210.55亿元，比上年下降1.3%，其中第一产业54.66亿元，增长1.4%；第二产业67.00亿元，下降6.1%（其中工业49.63亿元，下降9.1%，建筑业17.37亿元，增长6.3%）；第三产业88.90亿元，增长2.0%。三次产业结构比由上年的24.3:34.6:41.1调整为26.0:31.8:42.2。\n中文名\n可克达拉\n外文名\nCocodala\n行政区划代码\n659008\n行政区类别\n县级市、省直辖县级行政单位\n所属地区\n新疆维吾尔自治区\n地理位置\n新疆伊犁河谷地\n面 积\n6040 km²\n下辖地区\n2个街道、5个镇\n政府驻地\n学府西路1号\n电话区号\n0999\n邮政编码\n835219\n气候条件\n亚湿润大陆性温带气候\n著名景点\n草原之夜风情园、伊犁河、赛里木湖\n车牌代码\n新F\n地区生产总值\n210.55 亿元(2020年)\n人 口\n256551人(2019年末总人口)\n \n同义词\n可克达拉市一般指可克达拉\n \n可克达拉历史沿革 \n西汉（公元前60年），设立西域都护府，管辖西域，可克达拉正式纳入中国版图。\n唐显庆三年（658年），唐朝灭西突厥置昆陵、蒙池都护府，可克达拉归于唐朝。清乾隆二十年（1755年），清朝平定准噶尔统一新疆，可克达拉归于清朝。\n\n可克达拉市是新疆的一个直辖县级市吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，可克达拉市是新疆维吾尔自治区直辖的县级市，与新疆生产建设兵团第四师实行师市合一管理体制，由新疆生产建设兵团管理。这个管理制度使得可克达拉市在行政上相对独立、而又与兵团密切相关。" + "是的，可克达拉市是新疆维吾尔自治区直辖的县级市，与新疆生产建设兵团第四师实行师市合一管理体制，由新疆生产建设兵团管理。这个管理制度使得可克达拉市在行政上相对独立、而又与兵团密切相关。" ], [ "可克达拉市的地名有什么特别的含义吗？", @@ -503721,7 +503721,7 @@ { "instruction": "幼儿园班级管理\n《幼儿园班级管理》是2012年湖南大学出版社出版的图书，作者是赵春龙、王国昌。\n书 名\n幼儿园班级管理\n作 者\n赵春龙、王国昌\n出版社\n湖南大学出版社\n出版时间\n2012年7月\n定 价\n25 元\n开 本\n16 开\nISBN\n978-7-5667-0153-4\n丛书名\n职业院校学前教育系列\n \n幼儿园班级管理内容简介 \n本书主要介绍幼儿园教师工作的内容及标准化的操作要领，为幼儿师范学校学生及新入职幼儿园教师做好幼儿园工作提供了范本，具有很强的现实指导意义。\n全书共分十章，分别从幼儿园班级管理的意义、要求、结构特征、方法、内容及具体实施等方面进行阐述，具有以下特点：讲求科学性，力求先进性，突出实用性，注重创新性。\n幼儿园班级管理图书目录\n\n我最近在学习幼儿园班级管理方面的知识，请根据这本书的信息，告诉我这本书有哪些特点？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！这本书名为《幼儿园班级管理》，它的特点主要体现在以下四个方面：\n\n1. 讲求科学性：书中介绍的班级管理方法和理论基于科学的研究，让你在理论和实践中都能找到合理的依据。\n2. 力求先进性：本书借鉴了国内外先进的幼儿园班级管理经验，为你提供更前沿的知识。\n3. 突出实用性：本书围绕幼儿园教师工作的内容及标准化的操作要领，非常适合学前教育专业的学生以及新入职的幼儿园教师阅读，对于实际工作有很强的现实指导意义。\n4. 注重创新性：在传统的工作方法与理念之外，本书还探讨了一些新的方向和思路，帮助读者在实际工作中创新和改进。\n\n这本书共分为十章，涵盖了幼儿园班级管理的各个方面，希望能对你的学习有所帮助。", + "output": "这本书名为《幼儿园班级管理》，它的特点主要体现在以下四个方面：\n\n1. 讲求科学性：书中介绍的班级管理方法和理论基于科学的研究，让你在理论和实践中都能找到合理的依据。\n2. 力求先进性：本书借鉴了国内外先进的幼儿园班级管理经验，为你提供更前沿的知识。\n3. 突出实用性：本书围绕幼儿园教师工作的内容及标准化的操作要领，非常适合学前教育专业的学生以及新入职的幼儿园教师阅读，对于实际工作有很强的现实指导意义。\n4. 注重创新性：在传统的工作方法与理念之外，本书还探讨了一些新的方向和思路，帮助读者在实际工作中创新和改进。\n\n这本书共分为十章，涵盖了幼儿园班级管理的各个方面，希望能对你的学习有所帮助。", "history": [] }, { @@ -504424,7 +504424,7 @@ "history": [ [ "博弈\n中文名\n博弈\n出品时间\n2012年\n出品公司\n北京贯辰传媒有限公司\n制片地区\n中国大陆\n拍摄地点\n中国大陆\n首播时间\n2012年10月26日\n导 演\n沈雷\n编 剧\n吉红、贾国勇、李莉\n主 演\n张明健、李曼、张铁林、郑萍、寇振海、娄宇健\n集 数\n30集\n每集长度\n41分钟\n类 型\n剧情、战争、爱情、谍战\n制片人\n朱明明、王赤平\n在线播放平台\n央视网\n首播平台\n央视八套\n \n基本信息\n博弈剧情简介 \n \n合并图册(2张)\n\n你好，请告诉我关于电视剧《博弈》的基本信息。", - "你好，Human。《博弈》是一部中国大陆的电视剧，首播于2012年10月26日。该剧共有30集，每集时长约41分钟。制片公司为北京贯辰传媒有限公司，制片人分别是朱明明和王赤平。导演是沈雷，编剧有吉红、贾国勇和李莉。主演包括张明健、李曼、张铁林、郑萍、寇振海、娄宇健等。类型为剧情、战争、爱情、谍战，拍摄地点位于中国大陆。该剧首播平台为央视八套，同时也可以在央视网上观看。" + "《博弈》是一部中国大陆的电视剧，首播于2012年10月26日。该剧共有30集，每集时长约41分钟。制片公司为北京贯辰传媒有限公司，制片人分别是朱明明和王赤平。导演是沈雷，编剧有吉红、贾国勇和李莉。主演包括张明健、李曼、张铁林、郑萍、寇振海、娄宇健等。类型为剧情、战争、爱情、谍战，拍摄地点位于中国大陆。该剧首播平台为央视八套，同时也可以在央视网上观看。" ], [ "电视剧的主题是什么？", @@ -504858,7 +504858,7 @@ "history": [ [ "骆玉明给孩子讲红楼梦\n《骆玉明给孩子讲红楼梦》\n是由复旦大学教授、博士生导师、中国古典文学专家骆玉明，专为少年儿童创作的《红楼梦》讲读系列，包含6册156讲。作者以《红楼梦》原著的故事发展脉络为基础，重新梳理阅读线索，揭示了原著所包含的众多伏笔和隐喻；作者还辩证、精辟地分析了《红楼梦》里众多的人物性格及人物命运；并且从文本叙述、内容设计、艺术成就的角度，分析了续本四十回的优劣，试图带领读者一起去探寻曹雪芹的创作本意。\n书 名\n骆玉明给孩子讲红楼梦\n作 者\n骆玉明\n类 别\n经典名著少年版\n出版社\n天地出版社\n出版时间\n2021年6月1日\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装-胶订\n \n骆玉明给孩子讲红楼梦内容简介\n\n你好，请问《骆玉明给孩子讲红楼梦》是谁创作的？", - "你好，Human，《骆玉明给孩子讲红楼梦》是由复旦大学教授、博士生导师、中国古典文学专家骆玉明创作的。他专门为少年儿童创作了这一系列的《红楼梦》讲读书籍，帮助孩子们更好地理解和欣赏这部经典名著。" + "《骆玉明给孩子讲红楼梦》是由复旦大学教授、博士生导师、中国古典文学专家骆玉明创作的。他专门为少年儿童创作了这一系列的《红楼梦》讲读书籍，帮助孩子们更好地理解和欣赏这部经典名著。" ], [ "这个系列包含几册书籍和讲述了多少讲的内容？", @@ -504881,7 +504881,7 @@ "history": [ [ "硫酸钾\n硫酸钾是一种无机盐，化学式为K2SO4，呈白色结晶性粉末。农用硫酸钾外观多呈淡黄色，硫酸钾的吸湿性小，不易结块，物理性状良好，施用方便，是很好的水溶性钾肥，也是制作无氯氮、磷、钾三元复合肥的主要原料。\n中文名\n硫酸钾\n外文名\nPotassium sulphate\n别 名\nPotassium sulfate\n化学式\nK2SO4\n分子量\n174.26\nCAS登录号\n7778-80-5\nEINECS登录号\n231-915-5\n熔 点\n1067 ℃\n沸 点\n1689 ℃\n水溶性\n易溶\n密 度\n2.66 g/cm³\n外 观\n白色结晶性粉末\n安全性描述\nS22；S24/25\n晶体结构\n离子晶体，斜方晶系\n \n硫酸钾基本信息 \n化学式：K2SO4分子量：174.26CAS号：7778-80-5EINECS号：231-915-5\n硫酸钾性质 \n硫酸钾物理性质\n熔点：1067℃沸点：1689℃密度：2.66g/cm外观：白色结晶性粉末\n硫酸钾化学性质\n复分解反应：可与可溶性钡盐溶液反应生成硫酸钡沉淀。\n硫酸钾计算化学数据 \n1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）：02.氢键供体数量：03.氢键受体数量：44.可旋转化学键数量：05.互变异构体数量：06.拓扑分子极性表面积：88.67.重原子数量：78.表面电荷:09.复杂度:62.210.同位素原子数量:011.确定原子立构中心数量:012.不确定原子立构中心数量:013.确定化学键立构中心数量:014.不确定化学键立构中心数量:015.共价键单元数量:3\n硫酸钾毒理学数据 \n急性毒性：LD50：4000mg/kg（大鼠经口）；4720mg/kg（兔经皮）。LC50：9400mg/m，2小时（小鼠吸入）\n硫酸钾作用与用途 \n是制造各种钾盐如碳酸钾、过硫酸钾等的基本原料。玻璃工业用作沉清剂。染料工业用作中间体。香料工业用作助剂等。医药工业还用作缓泻剂、治疗可溶性钡盐中毒等。硫酸钾在农业上是常用的钾肥，氧化钾含量50%，在台湾俗称为\"白加里\"。\n硫酸钾安全术语 \nS22：Do not breathe dust.不要吸入粉尘S24/25：Avoid contact with skin and eyes。避免皮肤和眼睛接触；\n硫酸钾制备\n\n请问硫酸钾的化学式是什么？", - "你好，Human！硫酸钾的化学式是K2SO4。" + "硫酸钾的化学式是K2SO4。" ], [ "明白了。那硫酸钾的密度和熔点分别是多少？", @@ -505007,7 +505007,7 @@ "history": [ [ "青岛基督教堂\n青岛基督教堂是青岛一著名的宗教建筑，国家重点文物保护单位，位于青岛市市南区江苏路15号内小山丘上，东邻美丽的信号山公园。教堂始建于1908年，解放后为青岛医学院附属医院使用。1980年11月2日恢复礼拜活动。\n中文名\n青岛基督教堂\n外文名\nQingdao Christian churches\n地理位置\n青岛市市南区江苏路15号\n开放时间\n景区暂时停业，详情请以景区公示为准；原开放时间周一-周六8:30-16:30；周日11:30-16:30。\n门票价格\n10元（学生凭证半价）\n占地面积\n1000 m²\n奠基时间\n1908年4月19日\n落成时间\n1910年10月23日\n礼拜时间\n每周日7：30，9：30两场\n建议游玩时间\n1小时\n适宜游玩季节\n全年\n出资方\n德国胶澳总督府\n别 名\n青岛福音堂，总基督教堂等\n \n青岛基督教堂建筑介绍 \n \n青岛基督教堂(1张)\n\n请问青岛基督教堂是什么时候建立的？", - "你好，Human！青岛基督教堂的奠基时间是1908年4月19日，而实际完成并落成的时间是1910年10月23日。这个教堂有着悠久的历史，是青岛一著名的宗教建筑，也是国家重点文物保护单位。" + "青岛基督教堂的奠基时间是1908年4月19日，而实际完成并落成的时间是1910年10月23日。这个教堂有着悠久的历史，是青岛一著名的宗教建筑，也是国家重点文物保护单位。" ], [ "这个教堂的建筑风格是怎样的呢？", @@ -505591,7 +505591,7 @@ "history": [ [ "机器人\n《机器人》是2002年化学工业出版社出版的图书。\n \n机器人内容简介 \n本书是《高新科普技术丛书》之一。它以应用类型为线索，用通俗的语言，图文并茂地向读者介绍了各种类型的机器人。全书共分8章，分别介绍了焊接、装配、喷漆等工业机器人，水下机器人，服务机器人，空间机器人，微型机器人及机器人所用传感器。本书适合对机器人感兴趣的读者阅读，尤其对从事机器人方面工作的科研人员、技术人员、管理人员会有所启发\n机器人图书信息 \n作者: 王天然出版社: 化学工业出版社出版年: 2002-1-1页数: 176定价: 13.0装帧: 平装(无盘)ISBN: 9787502535544\n\n你好，请问《机器人》这本书的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human！《机器人》这本书的作者是王天然。" + "《机器人》这本书的作者是王天然。" ], [ "这本书的出版时间是什么时候？", @@ -505686,7 +505686,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿拉斯加航空\n阿拉斯加航空公司（NYSE：ALK）是一家总部设于华盛顿州西塔科的航空公司，主要的营运中心在西雅图-塔科马国际机场、泰德·史蒂文斯安克拉治国际机场、波特兰国际机场和洛杉矶国际机场。航空公司以前名为McGee航空公司，1932年公司服务在安克拉治和布里斯托尔海湾之间，用承带三乘客航空器。合并和承购后名字改变了被引起并且航线展遍及阿拉斯加。1942年航空公司名字为“阿拉斯加星航空公司”。1944年更名为阿拉斯加航空公司。2016年12月14日阿拉斯加航空收购维珍美国，并超过了捷蓝航空成为美国按运载量计算的第五大航空公司。阿拉斯加航空于2021年3月31日正式加入全球三大航空联盟之一的寰宇一家。\n2022年4月18日，路透社报道，阿拉斯加航空表示乘坐其航班不再要求戴口罩。\n中文名\n阿拉斯加航空公司\n外文名\nAlaska Airlines\n所属行业\n航空运输\n创立时间\n1932年\n总 部\n华盛顿州西塔科\nIATA代码\nAS\nICAO代码\nASA\n \n阿拉斯加航空公司介绍 \n阿拉斯加航空公司（NYSE：ALK）是一家总部设于华盛顿州西塔科的航空公司，主要的营运中心在西雅图-塔科马国际机场、泰德·史蒂文斯安克拉治国际机场、波特兰国际机场和洛杉矶国际机场。\n阿拉斯加航空发展历史 \n \n阿拉斯加航空新涂装波音737(4张)\n\n你好。我了解到阿拉斯加航空公司（Alaska Airlines）创建于1932年，那时它的原名是什么？", - "你好，Human！阿拉斯加航空公司在创立之初名为McGee航空公司。起初，公司的服务主要运营在安克拉治和布里斯托尔海湾之间，使用可承载3名乘客的航空器。后来通过一系列的合并和收购，公司的名字和业务范围发生了变化，1942年更名为“阿拉斯加星航空公司”，最终在1944年更名为阿拉斯加航空公司。" + "阿拉斯加航空公司在创立之初名为McGee航空公司。起初，公司的服务主要运营在安克拉治和布里斯托尔海湾之间，使用可承载3名乘客的航空器。后来通过一系列的合并和收购，公司的名字和业务范围发生了变化，1942年更名为“阿拉斯加星航空公司”，最终在1944年更名为阿拉斯加航空公司。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。阿拉斯加航空现在的总部在哪里，它的主要运营中心分别位于哪些机场？", @@ -505822,7 +505822,7 @@ "history": [ [ "CJ集团韩国大型跨国企业\nCJ集团，（韩国语：CJ그룹）中文名又称希杰集团，简称CJ，是韩国的一家大型跨国企业，创建于1953年8月，总部位于韩国首尔特别市。CJ集团于1994年正式进入中国市场，截至2020年，四大核心事业群进驻中国，业务覆盖多省市。\n2021年，位列《财富》世界五百强第450位。\nCJ集团的经营范围覆盖食品&餐饮服务、生物科技、物流&新流通、娱乐&媒体四大行业。\n旗下子公司包括：食品&餐饮服务领域 - CJ第一制糖、CJ Foodville、CJ Freshway\n生物科技领域 - CJ BIO、CJ Feed&Care\n物流&新流通领域 - CJ Logistics、CJ OliveYoung、CJ OliveNetworks、CJ ENM Commerce\n娱乐&媒体：CJ ENM Entertaiment、CJ CGV、CJ 4DPlex、CJ PowerCast\n公司名称\nCJ集团\n外文名\nCJ Group\n成立时间\n1953年11月\n总部地点\n韩国首尔特别市中区素月路2街12，CJ THE CENTER\n经营范围\n食品&餐饮服务、生物科技、物流&新流通、娱乐&媒体\n公司口号\nLIVE NEW\n年营业额\n27124.7 万美元\n世界500强\n第450名 （2021年）\n韩文名称\nCJ그룹\n简 称\nCJ\n会 长\n李在贤\n国 别\n韩国\n代表理事\n孙京植、金弘起\n \n \nCJ集团公司简介 \nCJ集团的雏形是成立于1953年的“第一制糖工业株式会社”，1993年“第一制糖”宣布独立经营，2002年正式成立“CJ集团”。CJ集团旗下坐拥食品&餐饮服务，生物科技，物流&新流通，娱乐&媒体四大核心事业群。\nCJ集团旗下公司 \n1.食品&餐饮服务 FOOD&FOOD SERVICE\n旗下子公司：CJ第一制糖、CJ Foodville、CJ Freshway（1）CJ第一制糖自1953年作为制糖企业创立。通过K-Food将韩国风味传播到世界的每一个角落。\n（2）CJ Foodville是Food和Village的合成词——正如生活在同一个村庄里的家人和邻里，彼此间通过舒适的就餐环境连接感情。CJ Foodville希望通过舒适、美好的“家庭餐厅”的打造，为顾客提供温馨的服务。\n\n请问CJ集团的总部位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human！CJ集团的总部位于韩国首尔特别市中区素月路2街12，CJ THE CENTER。这个地址已经代表了CJ集团的核心所在地。" + "CJ集团的总部位于韩国首尔特别市中区素月路2街12，CJ THE CENTER。这个地址已经代表了CJ集团的核心所在地。" ], [ "CJ集团的经营范围是什么？", @@ -505981,7 +505981,7 @@ "history": [ [ "成长2008年苏舟执导、徐帆主演电视剧\n中文名\n成长\n别 名\n断奶\n出品公司\n中央电视台影视部、浙江广厦文化传媒\n制片地区\n中国\n首播时间\n2008年6月11日\n导 演\n苏舟\n编 剧\n林哲\n主 演\n徐帆、巫刚、郑卫莉、钱枫、舒砚\n集 数\n20集\n类 型\n剧情\n \n基本信息\n成长剧情简介\n\n你好，请问成长这部电视剧中主演有哪些人？", - "你好，Human！在2008年苏舟执导的电视剧《成长》中，主演包括徐帆、巫刚、郑卫莉、钱枫和舒砚。这些演员都在这部剧中发挥了重要的角色，成为了这部剧成功的一部分。" + "在2008年苏舟执导的电视剧《成长》中，主演包括徐帆、巫刚、郑卫莉、钱枫和舒砚。这些演员都在这部剧中发挥了重要的角色，成为了这部剧成功的一部分。" ], [ "这部剧的导演是谁呢？", @@ -506403,7 +506403,7 @@ "history": [ [ "地理模型\n地理模型是指抽象地表示区域地理系统状态或其组成要素特征的实物模型或数学统计模型。是地理科学研究的重要工具和方法之一。但由于区域地理系统的复杂多变性和开放性特点,影响区域地理系统的许多因素及其作用尚无法精确测定,因此,应用较为广泛的是通过对已有经验的总结所得出的统计数学模型,而地理模型相对较少。运用地图和遥感技术所建立的地理空间模型是地理学研究的特有工具。\n中文名\n地理模型\n简 述\n表征着对一个地理实体的本质描述\n遵 守\n相似性、抽象性、简捷性等\n类 型\n模型\n 任何一个地理模型，都表征着对一个地理实体的本质描述，既标志着对实体的认识深度，也标志着对实体的概括能力，从这个意义上看，一个地理模型代表着一种地理思维。在建立地理模型时，必须遵守以下原则：①相似性。即在一定允许的近似程度内。可确切地反映地理环境的客观本质；②抽象性。即在充分认识客体的前提下，总结出更深层次的理性表达；③简捷性。既是实体的抽象，又必须是实体的简化，以便降低求解难度；④精密性。即必须使模型的运行行为具有必要的精确度，它反映了所建模型的正确精度；⑤可控性。即以地理模型所表示的地理环境，要能进行控制下的运行及模拟。人们所理解的地理模型，一般指地理系统模型。\n\n请问地理模型是如何在地理科学研究中发挥作用的？", - "你好，Human！地理模型是指抽象地表示区域地理系统状态或其组成要素特征的实物模型或数学统计模型，是地理科学研究的重要工具和方法之一。地理模型可以帮助科学家准确地反映地理环境的客观本质，充分认识客体和总结更深层次的理性表达，实现对地理环境的抽象与简化。在地理学研究中，地理模型可以运用地图和遥感技术建立地理空间模型，基于相似性、抽象性、简捷性、精密性和可控性五个原则来反映地理实体的本质描述。因此，地理模型是地理科学研究中发挥重要作用的关键工具。" + "地理模型是指抽象地表示区域地理系统状态或其组成要素特征的实物模型或数学统计模型，是地理科学研究的重要工具和方法之一。地理模型可以帮助科学家准确地反映地理环境的客观本质，充分认识客体和总结更深层次的理性表达，实现对地理环境的抽象与简化。在地理学研究中，地理模型可以运用地图和遥感技术建立地理空间模型，基于相似性、抽象性、简捷性、精密性和可控性五个原则来反映地理实体的本质描述。因此，地理模型是地理科学研究中发挥重要作用的关键工具。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么请问有哪些类型的地理模型？", @@ -506582,7 +506582,7 @@ "history": [ [ "广渠门\n广渠门，又称沙窝门，是明清北京城外城东侧的唯一一座城门，也是外城门中比较简朴的一个，与广安门遥相呼应。曾称大通桥门，又称沙窝门。广渠门始建于明嘉靖三十二年（公元1555年），主要包括广渠门城楼、箭楼和瓮城。上世纪三十年代，侵华日军时将箭楼拆除。1953年为改善交通，拆除了城楼和瓮城。\n中文名\n广渠门\n外文名\nGuangqumen\n别 名\n大通桥门、沙窝门\n行政区类别\n城门\n所属地区\n中国·北京\n政府驻地\n中国政府\n著名景点\n广渠门城楼，箭楼和瓮城\n拼 音\nguǎng qú mén\n洲\n亚洲\n \n广渠门地理位置 \n广渠门\n广渠门基本概述 \n广渠门旧城楼已经不复存在。1930年代日军占领时期将箭楼拆除，1953年为道路通畅拆除了城楼和瓮城。\n广渠门名称由来\n广渠门名称的由来有两种说法：1、根据“广”的释义，推测“广渠”的意思应是宽广的大渠，可能寓意着“通畅顺达”。2、“广”和“渠”都有“大”的意思，是同义词，因此“广渠门”可能是当时北京城规模宏大的一座城门。因此得名。\n广渠门建筑特色\n广渠门门楼低矮，仅一层，廊面阔五间，单檐歇山顶，四周有回廊。瓮城呈弧形。箭楼为单檐山顶，正面及两侧各辟箭窗二层，正面每层7孔，两侧每层各3孔，共26孔。箭楼下开拱形门洞。广渠门的瓮城很有特点，一般城池的瓮城作为战备要地，里面没有建筑物和居民，而广渠门的瓮城里面有几家店铺。在瓮城里面两侧各有四五家店铺，形成一条小型商业街，很像一座微型小城。记得路南有一家中药铺、一家纸店，还有一家山货店。四周均是城墙，前边有箭楼的城门，后边有城楼的城门，城门关闭后，这个地方很是幽静，也很安全，幼年时每走过这里，都要在这里游玩很长时间，舍不得离开，心想如能住在里边该有多好，很羡慕住在里边的人。想来这个地方其实很危险，如遇火警，无处可逃。城外关厢只有一个粮食集市，东南乡的农民把自家产的粮食拿到这里来卖，逢集的日子比较热闹，城内有一家老字号的裕顺斋糕点铺，它的炸排叉全市有名，很多酒馆都从这里批发排叉，卖给顾客作为下酒菜。\n广渠门城门战事 \n公元1629年11月，皇太极率领八旗军进军北京\n\n请问广渠门是北京的哪个城门？", - "你好，Human。广渠门位于明清北京城外城东侧，是外城门中比较简朴的一个。它与广安门遥相呼应，曾称为大通桥门和沙窝门。广渠门始建于明嘉靖三十二年（公元1553年），包括广渠门城楼、箭楼和瓮城。不过广渠门已经不复存在，因为在1930年代日军占领时期将箭楼拆除，而在1953年为道路通畅拆除了城楼和瓮城。" + "广渠门位于明清北京城外城东侧，是外城门中比较简朴的一个。它与广安门遥相呼应，曾称为大通桥门和沙窝门。广渠门始建于明嘉靖三十二年（公元1553年），包括广渠门城楼、箭楼和瓮城。不过广渠门已经不复存在，因为在1930年代日军占领时期将箭楼拆除，而在1953年为道路通畅拆除了城楼和瓮城。" ], [ "这个名字广渠门是怎么来的呢？", @@ -506796,7 +506796,7 @@ "history": [ [ "抚近门\n抚近门俗称“大东门”，是清代的沈阳城九门之一，建于天聪元年至天聪五年（公元1627~1631年），后拆除。抚近门于1998年复建，位于盛京古文化街东部，与西部的怀远门相对而望，抚近门高20米，占地面积556平方米，建筑面积500平方米，是沈阳标志性建筑。\n中文名\n抚近门\n俗 称\n大东门\n朝 代\n清代\n建筑面积\n500 m²\n \n快速导航\n全景图\n \n抚近门抚近门历史 \n明代时期，盛京城有四座大门，皇太极入主盛京后，将四门改为八门。关于清代盛京都城的建筑布局,有个有趣的说法:当年是按周易八卦的学说规划的，即“太极生两仪，两仪生四象，四象生八卦，八卦应九宫”。这八卦指的是盛京的八座城门。东向，左为内治门(小东门)，右为抚近门(大东门)；南向，左为德胜门(大南门)，右为天佑门(小南门)；西向，左为怀远门(大西门)，右为外攘门(小西门)；北向，左为地载门(小北门)，右为福胜门(大北门)。八座城门两两相对：天佑对地载，德胜对福胜，内治对外攘，抚近对怀远。其名字的寓意何其深远啊。岁月沧桑，斗转星移，如今盛京八门除怀远门、抚近门外大多荡然无存，残存的仅仅是地名而已。抚近，有安抚近邻之意。当年其他少数民族进入沈阳，拜谒皇太极，都走抚近门，抚近门具备一定的礼仪功能。同时，抚近门位于古城的正东，是每天太阳升起的地方，也有紫气东来的吉祥寓意。\n抚近门清代一条街 \n清代一条街（即沈阳路）东起抚近门，西至怀远门。原名新正街，建于清光绪31年，据说当时因临近州衙，一般为诉讼、报告的人歇息侯信的地方，因此，这条街全是旅店、饭馆和茶楼。现今这条街仍以饮食业为主，全街有许多家店铺经营着小吃、茶楼、餐馆等生意。街北出口，街两边木柱上还有原资中学政、四川著名书法家包汝楷撰写的对联，依稀可见当年这条街的繁荣。漫步在怀远门下，仰视这记忆历史的宏伟壮观的建筑,真仿佛置身于清代的古城之中。步入这古老的小街，首先映入眼帘的是那路两旁古色古香的楼房，一座座楼房重檐翘角，每层檐下都是漆栋画染，那一幅幅精美的图案，五彩斑斓；门前那一对金字黑匾，龙飞凤舞；暮色降临，那楼顶和每层楼檐上的彩灯交相辉映，把每层楼房勾勒得更加富丽堂皇。\n抚近门抚近门现状 \n现今，盛京八门除怀远门和抚近门外其余六门留下的仅仅是地名。怀远门和抚近门均为近年复建，但由于受到道路交通要求的限制，加上复建过程过于草率，两座城门（尤其怀远门）比例严重失调，但也算是对历史的纪念吧。 \n全景图\n\n请问抚近门是清代沈阳城哪一座城门？", - "你好，Human！抚近门是清代沈阳城九门之一，在明代有四座大门，皇太极入主盛京之后，将四门改为八门。抚近门俗称“大东门”，位于古城的正东，与怀远门相对而望。因此，抚近门是清代沈阳城很重要的城门之一。" + "抚近门是清代沈阳城九门之一，在明代有四座大门，皇太极入主盛京之后，将四门改为八门。抚近门俗称“大东门”，位于古城的正东，与怀远门相对而望。因此，抚近门是清代沈阳城很重要的城门之一。" ], [ "抚近门有什么寓意呢？", @@ -507081,7 +507081,7 @@ "history": [ [ "南京大学中国江苏省境内教育部直属高校\n中文名\n南京大学\n外文名\nNanjing University\n简 称\n南大、NJU\n创办时间\n1902年(壬寅年)\n创办人\n张之洞\n办学性质\n公办大学\n学校类别\n综合类\n学校特色\n双一流(2017年、2022年)\n985工程\n211工程\n全国重点大学\n环太平洋大学联盟\n展开\n学校特色\n双一流(2017年、2022年)\n985工程\n211工程\n全国重点大学\n环太平洋大学联盟\n珠峰计划\n研究生院\n强基计划\n卓越工程师教育培养计划\n2011计划\n全球大学高研院联盟\n九校联盟（C9）\n21世纪学术联盟\n收起\n主管部门\n中华人民共和国教育部\n现任领导\n胡金波(党委书记)、吕建(校长)\n专职院士数\n中国科学院院士28人\n中国工程院院士5人\n中国科学院外籍院士1人\n加拿大皇家科学院院士1人\n俄罗斯自然科学院院士1人\n本科专业\n89个\n硕士点\n学术学位授权一级学科5个\n专业学位授权类别28个\n博士点\n学术学位授权一级学科40个\n学术学位授权二级学科（不含一级学科覆盖）1个\n专业学位授权类别3个\n博士后\n科研流动站38个\n国家重点学科\n一级学科8个\n二级学科13个\n院系设置\n33个院系\n校 训\n诚朴雄伟，励学敦行\n校 歌\n《南京大学校歌》\n校庆日\n5月20日\n地 址\n仙林校区：南京市栖霞区仙林大道163号\n鼓楼校区：南京市鼓楼区汉口路22号\n浦口校区：南京市浦口区学府路8号\n苏州东校区：江苏省苏州市虎丘区太湖大道绿岛花园西南侧\n苏州西校区：江苏省苏州市虎丘区太湖大道\n院校代码\n10284\n主要奖项\n国家自然科学奖一等奖（2006年）\n首届中国出版政府奖（最高奖）\n知名校友\n杨洁篪、厉声教、吴健雄、厉麟似、郭金龙、闵乃本、孙叔平、钱东奇、华春莹\n \n基本信息\n南京大学历史沿革 \n \n校园风光(4张)\n 南京大学以三江师范学堂筹建的1902年作为学校建校时间。南京大学主源为中央大学，次源为1952年主体并入的金陵大学。金陵大学从1888年汇文书院成立，1952年撤销建制主体与南京大学合并。\n南京大学清末时期\n三江师范学堂 \n南京大学历史沿革及代表性历史图片(12张)\n 1902年5月，张之洞与其好友、时任两江总督的刘坤一一起向清廷上奏，呈请在两江总督署江宁（即南京）办一所师范学堂，同年开始筹建三江师范学堂。教员一部分聘请中国学者，另一部分则从日本聘来。\n两江师范学堂 \n两江师范学堂(10张)\n\n你好，请问你对南京大学的信息有了解吗？", - "你好，Human！我对南京大学有一定了解。南京大学（Nanjing University），简称南大、NJU，是中华人民共和国教育部直属的一所公办大学，位于江苏省南京市。是我国著名的双一流、211工程、985工程以及全国重点大学之一。学校创建于1902年，创办人为张之洞。现任领导分别是胡金波（党委书记）和吕建(校长)。" + "我对南京大学有一定了解。南京大学（Nanjing University），简称南大、NJU，是中华人民共和国教育部直属的一所公办大学，位于江苏省南京市。是我国著名的双一流、211工程、985工程以及全国重点大学之一。学校创建于1902年，创办人为张之洞。现任领导分别是胡金波（党委书记）和吕建(校长)。" ], [ "南京大学的校训和校歌是什么？", @@ -507359,7 +507359,7 @@ "history": [ [ "月光情人\n《月光情人》是张超、胡东辉作曲，玉镯儿、张超作词，覃春江演唱的歌曲。\n中文名\n月光情人\n作 曲\n张超胡东辉\n作 词\n玉镯儿 张超\n演 唱\n覃春江\n \n月光情人歌曲信息 \n月光情人\n作曲：张超胡东辉作词：玉镯儿 张超演唱：覃春江编曲：冉飞缩混：罗鸣出品:北京千和世纪文化传播有限公司发行日期：2011年11月4日\n月光情人歌曲歌词 \n那一片月色中你向我走来花房外琴音绵绵流淌情意走过了千山也走过了万水只为了和你相遇索玛花都开了你还没回来我吹着那只口弦痴痴等着你凉山的月亮请不要太伤怀有情人会再相遇看得见 的地方 眼睛和你在一起前世有缘今生才能遇见你看不见 的地方 心会和你在一起茫茫人海我们不分离看得见 的地方 眼睛和你在一起闭上眼睛魂牵梦萦还是你看不见 的地方 心会和你在一起海枯石烂我也等着你\n\n你好，请问这首歌《月光情人》是由谁作曲和作词的？", - "你好，Human，《月光情人》这首歌的作曲家是张超和胡东辉，而作词则是由玉镯儿和张超共同完成的。这首歌的旋律和歌词都充满了浪漫和情感。" + "《月光情人》这首歌的作曲家是张超和胡东辉，而作词则是由玉镯儿和张超共同完成的。这首歌的旋律和歌词都充满了浪漫和情感。" ], [ "是谁演唱的这首歌呢？", @@ -508132,7 +508132,7 @@ "history": [ [ "无国界医生独立人道医疗救援组织\n无国界医生（法文名称：Médecins Sans Frontières；缩写是MSF，英文名称：Doctors Without Borders）是一个非牟利团体(NPO)。1999年诺贝尔和平奖的得主。 无国界医生于1971年12月20日在巴黎成立，最初的成员皆为深信世界人类都有获得医疗权利的法国医生和记者。但成员已遍及全世界，每年有3000多位救援人员和全球3万多名来自项目所在地的当地员工在超过70个国家中服务，是全球最大的独立医疗救援组织之一，在全球各地设有21个办事处，而五个主要的行动中心则都位于欧洲，分别是巴黎、布鲁塞尔、阿姆斯特丹、巴塞罗那和日内瓦。2016年8月16日 ，“无国界医生”组织声明称，当地时间8月15日，该组织位于也门北部哈杰省阿布斯城的一家医院遭到空袭。事件造成至少11人死亡，另有19人受伤。空袭行动据信是由以沙特阿拉伯领导的多国联军发动，目的是为了支持也门政府打击胡赛武装组织。\n中文名\n无国界医生\n外文名\nDoctors Without Borders, Médecins Sans Frontières -- MSF\n成立时间\n1971年12月20日\n开放时间\n全天\n医院类型\n独立人道医疗救援组织\n医院院训\n中立、独立、不偏不倚地救助帮助世界各地需要医疗援助的人\n成立地点\n法国巴黎\n总 部\n日内瓦\n \n无国界医生组织介绍 \n无国界医生 (英语名Doctors Without Borders, 法语名Medecins Sans Frontiers ，缩写 MSF\n\n你好，请问一下什么是无国界医生？", - "你好，Human！无国界医生是一个国际独立人道医疗救援组织，成立于1971年12月20日，法国巴黎。它的法文名称是Médecins Sans Frontières，缩写为MSF。无国界医生始终崇尚中立、独立、不偏不倚地救援帮助世界各地需要医疗援助的人。它是1999年诺贝尔和平奖的得主，目前已经发展成为全球最大的独立医疗救援组织之一。" + "无国界医生是一个国际独立人道医疗救援组织，成立于1971年12月20日，法国巴黎。它的法文名称是Médecins Sans Frontières，缩写为MSF。无国界医生始终崇尚中立、独立、不偏不倚地救援帮助世界各地需要医疗援助的人。它是1999年诺贝尔和平奖的得主，目前已经发展成为全球最大的独立医疗救援组织之一。" ], [ "无国界医生主要在哪些国家开展救援工作？", @@ -508174,7 +508174,7 @@ "history": [ [ "辣子鸡\n辣子鸡是一道经典的传统名肴,因缘于重庆歌乐山而得名。此菜成菜色泽棕红油亮,质地酥软,麻辣味浓。咸鲜醇香,略带回甜。\n中文名\n辣子鸡\n口 味\n香辣\n主要食材\n鸡块\n地 区\n云南沾益\n \n辣子鸡菜品特色 \n滇菜里也有一道辣子鸡，和川菜走的麻辣豪放路线不相同，更是多了一份妖娆和细腻，“玩在云南，吃在曲靖”，而“吃在曲靖，特色在沾益”，沾益辣子鸡已成沾益县的名片。沾益辣子鸡尤以龚氏辣子鸡为代表，凡到沾益者，都以一尝为快，甚有驱车几百里而专程品尝者，名声大噪，以致中国西南地区各城市、乃至各县城也常见“沾益正宗辣子鸡”招牌。由于沾益辣子鸡的独特，被称为“滇 玩在云南，吃在曲靖中一绝”，也被称为云南第“十九怪”-“沾益辣子鸡遍地有招牌”\n辣子鸡历史起源 \n说起这辣子鸡的来历，在曲靖流传着两个说法。其一是说沾益县西平镇红星办事处6村村民龚国富、丁丽琼夫妇，1987年利用自家位于320国道旁的两间平房开起食店。起先经营的也不过是些家常小菜，后来爱琢磨的龚国富在一种贵州辣子鸡的基础上自己创出了沾益辣子鸡的独特配方，遂一发不可收拾，转而专营辣子鸡，小店名声也不胫而走，誉满云南。其二则说是龚国富的妹妹龚红云，在10多年前的一个春节，她下厨炒鸡肉时不小心将放在灶边的一碗辣椒面翻泼进锅里，只好将就着一起炒，不料竟做出二道辣香独特的好菜。1987年，她利用街边住房开起了小食馆，逐渐把她家的辣子鸡推成了专营名菜。两种说法究竟哪一种更真实可信一些，似己无关紧要。事实上，龚氏兄妹一人开了一家“辣子鸡店”，两店就并立在沾益县城边东风闸处，曲靖人目睹了他们从鸡毛小店一步一步发展壮大的全过程：刚开始一到早晚饭时间，食客峰拥而至，坐不下的只好到店外空地上搭伙，人们或拖家带口、或呼朋唤友，冒着车来车往的尘土和喧嚣，依然吃得津律有味。\n辣子鸡主要做法 \n1）蒜苗切小段、鸡切小块、姜小块拍烂、香菇对半切开（泡香菇的水留着别倒）待用2）坐锅下油，姜爆出香味后，放入鸡块，少许料酒，等鸡肉的水分炒干一些了，放入糍粑辣子，加酱油、盐、胡椒翻炒。3）这时把香菇放入，再将泡香菇的水倒入锅中一起煮至收汁。最后加蒜苗在锅中拌匀即可。小提示：在倒入泡香菇的水时，为了防止连碗底的沙也倒进入，所以少许底部的水就不要了。蒜苗倒入锅中，和鸡块和匀即可出锅，炒死蒜苗就没香味了。用不完的糍粑辣子装瓶里，吃面、炒回锅肉、麻婆豆腐都可以用。\n辣子鸡准备工作\n\n我看到一篇关于辣子鸡的文章，想请教你几个问题。首先，辣子鸡的起源是如何的？", - "你好，Human！关于辣子鸡的起源，在曲靖有两个流行的说法。第一个说法是，沾益县西平镇红星办事处6村村民龚国富和丁丽琼夫妇在1987年开了一个食店，最初提供家常小菜。后来，龚国富在贵州辣子鸡的基础上创造了沾益辣子鸡的独特配方，从而使得这道菜变得非常受欢迎。第二个说法是，龚国富的妹妹龚红云在10多年前的一个春节时，炒鸡肉时不小心将一碗辣椒面翻泼进锅里，意外地炒出了具有特色的辣子鸡。关于这两个说法哪个更真实，现在已经并不重要，因为两个家庭都开设了各自的辣子鸡店并声名远播。" + "关于辣子鸡的起源，在曲靖有两个流行的说法。第一个说法是，沾益县西平镇红星办事处6村村民龚国富和丁丽琼夫妇在1987年开了一个食店，最初提供家常小菜。后来，龚国富在贵州辣子鸡的基础上创造了沾益辣子鸡的独特配方，从而使得这道菜变得非常受欢迎。第二个说法是，龚国富的妹妹龚红云在10多年前的一个春节时，炒鸡肉时不小心将一碗辣椒面翻泼进锅里，意外地炒出了具有特色的辣子鸡。关于这两个说法哪个更真实，现在已经并不重要，因为两个家庭都开设了各自的辣子鸡店并声名远播。" ], [ "这道辣子鸡和重庆歌乐山有什么联系吗？", @@ -508921,7 +508921,7 @@ "history": [ [ "企业咨询从事的高智能的服务事业\n管理咨询（Management Consulting），管理咨询是具有丰富的管理知识和经验，并且掌握了咨询技法的人所从事的高智能的服务事业，是咨询人员在企业提出要求的基础上深入企业，并且和企业管理人员密切结合，应用科学的方法，找出企业存在的主要问题。企业咨询，进行定量和确有论据的定性分析，查出存在问题的原因，提出切实可行的改善方案，进而指导实施方案，使企业的运行机制得到改善，提高企业的管理水平和经济效益。\n中文名\n企业咨询\n外文名\nManagement Consulting\n发展国家\n美国\n形成时间\n19世纪末\n \n企业咨询历史由来 \n管理咨询业最早是从美国发展起来的。当它在19世纪末出现时，着重解决的是生产管理中的一些基本问题。德国咨询业始于20世纪50年代，已有各种形式的咨询机构9680家。进入80年代后，西方管理咨询业发生了较大变化。管理咨询方式不断改进，咨询服务质量不断提高，管理咨询人员不再仅仅提供咨询建议，而是常常协助客户实施咨询建议。尤其是许多大型咨询公司积极致力于全球性组织建设与新市场的开发。80年代后期，欧美管理咨询业以每年20-30%的速度增长，到1995年全球管理咨询业的年收入超过500亿美元。进入90年代后，战略咨询需求大幅度增长，这是由于现代企业的管理模式普遍由经营管理转向战略管理，制定竞争战略，实施战略规划已成为企业管理工作的最重要内容。管理咨询业是近些年世界上发展较快的一个行业，其影响渗透到政治经济生活的许多领域。世界500强的企业中有50%左右的公司拥有自己长期合作的国际著名咨询公司。美国的AT&T公司有1000多家咨询公司为其进行全方位、多层面咨询，每年投入的咨询费用高达3亿多美元。\n企业咨询发展案例\n\n你好，请问企业咨询的主要目的是什么？", - "你好，Human！企业咨询的主要目的是帮助企业找出存在的主要问题、分析问题原因，然后提出切实可行的改善方案，进而指导实施方案。企业咨询通过改进企业的运行机制，从而提高企业的管理水平和经济效益。" + "企业咨询的主要目的是帮助企业找出存在的主要问题、分析问题原因，然后提出切实可行的改善方案，进而指导实施方案。企业咨询通过改进企业的运行机制，从而提高企业的管理水平和经济效益。" ], [ "管理咨询的历史由来是什么？", @@ -509433,7 +509433,7 @@ "history": [ [ "紫雨\n《紫雨》是1994年齐秦原唱，董荣骏作词作曲，发行于1994年专辑《无情的雨无情的你》。\n中文名\n紫雨\n外文名\nPurple Rain\n所属专辑\n无情的雨无情的你\n歌曲时长\n0时05分11秒\n歌曲原唱\n齐秦\n填 词\n董荣骏\n谱 曲\n董荣骏\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n发行时间\n1994年\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 歌曲歌词无尽的天带来一片不协调的感觉多变的云阻挡了一切黑暗现实的脸怎么多了一份无谓的空白太多的规则却让我无法释怀曾经在多少的岁月等待更多的伤害回首 只是看见太多的未来别让我沉醉梦幻 BABYPUPPLE RAIN，PLEASE TELL ME WHY无聊的色彩 有谁能更改PUPPLE RAIN，PLEASE DON'T CRY乌云的背后 仍旧是无奈狂傲的风 难道也算错悲凄的雨 也会有它的梦\n\n请问1994年齐秦的歌曲《紫雨》是什么风格的音乐？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，《紫雨》是一首流行风格的音乐。流行音乐是一种广泛受欢迎的、容易上口的音乐，它通常具有较强的旋律性和一定的商业价值。这种风格的音乐更容易吸引大众的注意力和喜爱，从而达到音乐作品传播的目的。" + "根据提供的信息，《紫雨》是一首流行风格的音乐。流行音乐是一种广泛受欢迎的、容易上口的音乐，它通常具有较强的旋律性和一定的商业价值。这种风格的音乐更容易吸引大众的注意力和喜爱，从而达到音乐作品传播的目的。" ], [ "能告诉我一下《紫雨》这首歌的歌词吗？", @@ -509523,7 +509523,7 @@ "history": [ [ "螺纹\n螺纹指的是在圆柱或圆锥母体表面上制出的螺旋线形的、具有特定截面的连续凸起部分。螺纹按其母体形状分为圆柱螺纹和圆锥螺纹；按其在母体所处位置分为外螺纹、内螺纹，按其截面形状（牙型）分为三角形螺纹、矩形螺纹、梯形螺纹、锯齿形螺纹及其他特殊形状螺纹。\n中文名\n螺纹\n外文名\nscrew thread\n定 义\n沿螺旋线形成的连续凸起或凹陷\n应用学科\n机械工程；机械零件；紧固件\n螺 纹\n三角形螺纹、矩形螺纹等\n \n螺纹基本参数 \n螺纹相关知识\n在圆柱或圆锥表面上，沿着螺旋线所形成的具有规定牙型的连续凸起。凸起是指螺纹两侧面的实体部分。又称牙。在机械加工中，螺纹是在一根圆柱形的轴上（或内孔表面）用刀具或砂轮切成的，此时工件转一转，刀具沿着工件轴向移动一定的距离，刀具在工件上切出的痕迹就是螺纹。在外圆表面形成的螺纹称外螺纹。在内孔表面形成的螺纹称内螺纹。螺纹的基础是圆轴表面的螺旋线。通常若螺纹的断面为三角形，则叫三角螺纹；断面为梯形叫做梯形螺纹；断面为锯齿形叫做锯齿形螺纹；断面为方形叫做方牙螺纹；断面为圆弧形叫做圆弧形螺纹等等。\n螺纹几何参数\n圆柱螺纹主要几何参数①外径（大径），与外螺纹牙顶或内螺纹牙底相重合的假想圆柱体直径。螺纹的公称直径即大径。②内径（小径），与外螺纹牙底或内螺纹牙顶相重合的假想圆柱体直径。③中径，母线通过牙型上凸起和沟槽两者宽度相等的假想圆柱体直径。④螺距，相邻牙在中径线上对应两点间的轴向距离。⑤导程，同一螺旋线上相邻牙在中径线上对应两点间的轴向距离。⑥牙型角，螺纹牙型上相邻两牙侧间的夹角。⑦螺纹升角，中径圆柱上螺旋线的切线与垂直于螺纹轴线的平面之间的夹角。⑧工作高度，两相配合螺纹牙型上相互重合部分在垂直于螺纹轴线方向上的距离等。螺纹的公称直径除管螺纹以管子内径为公称直径外，其余都以外径为公称直径。螺纹已标准化，有米制（公制）和英制两种。国际标准采用米制，中国也采用米制。除管螺纹以管子内径为公称直径外，其余螺纹都以外径为公称直径。　螺纹升角小于摩擦角的螺纹副，在轴向力作用下不松转，称为自锁，其传动效率较低。圆柱螺纹中，三角形螺纹自锁性能好。它分粗牙和细牙两种，一般联接多用粗牙螺纹。细牙的螺距小，升角小，自锁性能更好，常用于细小零件薄壁管中，有振动或变载荷的联接，以及微调装置等。锥螺纹的牙型为三角形，主要靠牙的变形来保证螺纹副的紧密性，多用于管件。\n螺纹结构分类\n\n请问，什么是螺纹？", - "你好，Human！螺纹是指在圆柱或圆锥母体表面上制出的螺旋线形的、具有特定截面的连续凸起部分。螺纹有多种分类方式，例如按母体形状可分为圆柱螺纹和圆锥螺纹；按所处位置可分为外螺纹、内螺纹；按截面形状（牙型）可分为三角形螺纹、矩形螺纹、梯形螺纹、锯齿形螺纹及其他特殊形状螺纹。螺纹在机械工程、机械零件和紧固件等领域具有广泛应用。" + "螺纹是指在圆柱或圆锥母体表面上制出的螺旋线形的、具有特定截面的连续凸起部分。螺纹有多种分类方式，例如按母体形状可分为圆柱螺纹和圆锥螺纹；按所处位置可分为外螺纹、内螺纹；按截面形状（牙型）可分为三角形螺纹、矩形螺纹、梯形螺纹、锯齿形螺纹及其他特殊形状螺纹。螺纹在机械工程、机械零件和紧固件等领域具有广泛应用。" ], [ "能帮我解释一下螺纹的一些基本参数吗？", @@ -510087,7 +510087,7 @@ "history": [ [ "丰都县\n丰都县地处长江上游、重庆地理中心，紧邻大都市、深处大三峡、背靠大武陵，是“融入主城、联动两群”的联结点，是主城都市区“溢出效应”的首要承接地。丰都距重庆主城120公里，公路车程约90分钟，铁路车程约50分钟。县域面积2901平方公里，辖30个乡镇（街道），总人口85万，是国家首批对外开放县和全国优秀旅游城区、国家园林县城、国家卫生县城。\n根据第七次人口普查数据，截至2020年11月1日零时，丰都县常住人口557374人。\n2020年，全县地区生产总值3354218万元，比上年增长3.0%。\n2021年，丰都县地区生产总值375.44亿元，同比增长7.5%；两年平均增长5.2%。\n丰都县旅游资源以自然景观和人文景观为主，主要有丰都名山（国家级风景名胜区）、双桂山（国家级森林公园）、鬼国神宫（中国最大的动态人文景观）、鬼王石刻（中国最大摩岩石刻造像）等景观。2017年10月，丰都县通过国家专项评估检查，由重庆市人民政府正式批准退出贫困县\n。2019中国西部百强县市。\n2020年7月29日，入选2019年重新确认国家卫生乡镇（县城）名单。\n中文名\n丰都县\n外文名\nFengdu County\n别 名\n鬼城、酆都\n行政区划代码\n500230\n行政区类别\n县\n所属地区\n重庆市\n地理位置\n长江上游地区，重庆市东部\n面 积\n2901 km²\n下辖地区\n三合街道、名山街道、高家镇等\n政府驻地\n平都大道西段53号\n电话区号\n023（+86）\n邮政编码\n408200\n气候条件\n亚热带季风性湿润气候\n人口数量\n55.73 万(截至2020年11月1日零时) \n著名景点\n丰都鬼城、双桂山、雪玉洞\n火车站\n丰都站\n车牌代码\n渝G\n地区生产总值\n375.44 亿元(2021年)\n方 言\n西南官话-重庆方言\n \n丰都县历史沿革 \n \n \n \n \n丰都城建\n\n请问丰都县位于哪里？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，丰都县位于重庆自然地理中心，地处长江上游地区，紧邻大都市，深处大三峡，背靠大武陵。距离重庆主城120公里，公路车程约90分钟，铁路车程约50分钟。这个地理位置使得丰都县能较好地享受到主城的资源与机会，发挥承接主城溢出效应的作用。" + "根据提供的信息，丰都县位于重庆自然地理中心，地处长江上游地区，紧邻大都市，深处大三峡，背靠大武陵。距离重庆主城120公里，公路车程约90分钟，铁路车程约50分钟。这个地理位置使得丰都县能较好地享受到主城的资源与机会，发挥承接主城溢出效应的作用。" ], [ "丰都县的气候条件是怎样的？", @@ -512084,7 +512084,7 @@ "history": [ [ "胡辣汤\n《胡辣汤》马逐风代表作，于2018年2月立春节气正式上线发布。\n中文名\n胡辣汤\n发行时间\n2018-02-05\n歌曲原唱\n马逐风\n填 词\n赵九铸\n谱 曲\n小洋\n编 曲\n冰松\n \n胡辣汤歌曲信息 \n胡辣汤 - 马逐风词：赵九铸曲：小洋编曲：冰松编舞：小菁\n胡辣汤歌词 \n每早一碗胡辣汤让你一天神清又气爽你的味道好好其貌不扬人们只知道你是市井的粗粮却不知 你的出身很辉煌胡辣汤呀 胡辣汤御医御厨联袂打造了这个神奇的配方大宋皇帝的早餐 怎会没名堂原来你是超级醒酒开胃的汤草果 肉蔻 八角 茴香桂皮 白蔻 花椒 良姜荜拨 胡椒 砂仁 干姜料理出一锅美味芬芳牛肉 粉条 木耳 海带面筋 花生 豆皮 黄花菜有荤有素有两掺儿科学营养乃良方胡辣汤加上豆腐脑的搭配更别样两掺儿的哲理 你要细思量两掺儿的哲理 你要细思量胡辣汤 胡辣汤五味调和 辣的过瘾真叫棒你的辛辣见证千载文明不遑多让你的醇香蕴藏着历史印记不彷徨你是一篇美食记忆你是一篇文化日记一千年来 从未打烊每早一碗胡辣汤让你一天神清又气爽你的味道好好其貌不扬人们只知道你是市井的粗粮却不知 你的出身很辉煌胡辣汤呀 胡辣汤御医御厨联袂打造了这个神奇的配方大宋皇帝的早餐 怎会没名堂原来你是超级醒酒开胃的汤草果 肉蔻 八角 茴香桂皮 白蔻 花椒 良姜荜拨 胡椒 砂仁 干姜料理出一锅美味芬芳牛肉 粉条 木耳 海带面筋 花生 豆皮 黄花菜有荤有素有两掺儿科学营养乃良方胡辣汤加上豆腐脑的搭配更别样两掺儿的哲理 你要细思量两掺儿的哲理 你要细思量胡辣汤 胡辣汤五味调和 辣的过瘾真叫棒你的辛辣见证千载文明不遑多让你的醇香蕴藏着历史印记不彷徨你是一篇美食记忆你是一篇文化日记一千年来 从未打烊\n\n请问你知道《胡辣汤》是哪位歌手的代表作吗？", - "你好，Human。《胡辣汤》是马逐风的代表作，这首歌曲发布于2018年2月5日。歌词填词人是赵九铸，作曲是小洋，编曲则是由冰松完成的。这部作品颂扬了传统美食胡辣汤，展示了美食背后的文化和历史。" + "《胡辣汤》是马逐风的代表作，这首歌曲发布于2018年2月5日。歌词填词人是赵九铸，作曲是小洋，编曲则是由冰松完成的。这部作品颂扬了传统美食胡辣汤，展示了美食背后的文化和历史。" ], [ "谢谢你的详细解答。能否给我唱一下《胡辣汤》歌词的前两句呢？", @@ -512607,7 +512607,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卫生保健\n《卫生保健》\n是2010年6月科学出版社出版的图书，作者是戚林，吴明。\n书 名\n卫生保健\n作 者\n戚林、吴明\n出版社\n科学出版社\n出版时间\n2008-02\n定 价\n28 元\n开 本\n16 开\nISBN\n9787030210036\n \n卫生保健内容简介 \n本教材是相关医学专业的专业课之一，其内容主要包括绪论、人类与环境、生活环境与健康、食物与健康、职业环境与健康、社会环境与健康、卫生统计概述、计量资料的统计描述、计量资料的统计推断、计数资料的统计描述、计数资料的统计推断、统计表和统计图、病因和病因推断、疾病的分布、流行病学研究方法、疾病的预防和控制、突发公共卫生事件与应急处理等基本知识、基本方法和基本技术。本课程总任务是使学生树立正确的健康观和\"大卫生观\"以及\"预防为主\"的思想,通过学习获得预防医学的基础知识、基本技能和基本方法；具有开展预防卫生服务和继续学习的能力。\n卫生保健图书目录 \n第1章　绪论第2章　健康及评价第3章　环境与健康概述第4章　地质环境与健康第5章　社会环境与健康第6章　空气与健康第7章　饮用水与健康第8章　食物与健康第9章　居住环境与健康第10章　生产环境与健康第11章　健康教育和保健措施第12章　社区卫生服务与社区护理第13章　流行病学调查及医学统计基本知识第14章　社区常见疾病的预防和控制实习部分社区保健实践参考文献卫生保健教学基本要求目标检测选择题参考答案\n\n你好，我对这本《卫生保健》书有一些问题，你能帮助我回答吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以，关于这本《卫生保健》的问题，请随意提问，我会尽力帮助你解答。" + "当然可以，关于这本《卫生保健》的问题，请随意提问，我会尽力帮助你解答。" ], [ "请问这本书是什么时候出版的，出版社是哪家？", @@ -513226,7 +513226,7 @@ "history": [ [ "湖北\n湖北省，简称“鄂”，中华人民共和国省级行政区，省会武汉。地处中国中部地区，东邻安徽，西连重庆，西北与陕西接壤，南接江西、湖南，北与河南毗邻，介于北纬29°01′53″—33°6′47″、东经108°21′42″—116°07′50″之间，东西长约740千米，南北宽约470千米，总面积18.59万平方千米，占中国总面积的1.94%。最东端是黄梅县，最西端是利川市，最南端是来凤县，最北端是郧西县。\n湖北省地势大致为东、西、北三面环山，中间低平，略呈向南敞开的不完整盆地。在全省总面积中，山地占56%，丘陵占24%，平原湖区占20%，属长江水系。湖北省地处亚热带，全省除高山地区属高山气候外，大部分地区属亚热带季风性湿润气候。\n2021年，湖北省\n共辖12个地级市、1个自治州，共有26个县级市\n、35个县、2个自治县、1个林区\n，常住人口5830万人 。2021年湖北地区生产总值增长12.9%，总量迈上5万亿元大台阶，达到50012.94亿元。\n2022年2月28日，武汉长江新区成立大会举行。\n中文名\n湖北\n外文名\nHubei\n别 名\n鄂、楚、荆楚、千湖之省\n行政区划代码\n420000\n行政区类别\n省\n所属地区\n中国华中地区\n地理位置\n中国中部，长江中游\n面 积\n185900 km²\n下辖地区\n12个地级市、1个自治州、4个省直辖县级行政单位\n政府驻地\n武汉市武昌区洪山路7号\n电话区号\n027、0710-0728\n邮政编码\n430000-448000\n气候条件\n亚热带季风气候、高原山地气候\n人口数量\n5830 万\n著名景点\n黄鹤楼、武汉东湖风景区、神农架林区、武当山、长江三峡、隆中风景名胜区\n机 场\n武汉天河国际机场、宜昌三峡机场、恩施许家坪机场、十堰武当山机场等\n火车站\n武昌站、汉口站、武汉站、宜昌东站、襄阳东站等\n车牌代码\n鄂A – 鄂S\n地区生产总值\n50012.94 亿元(2021年)\n \n历史文化\n地名由来\n湖北人是如何走到一起的？\n2022-04-06 16:30\n楚人崇凤，是为今天“九头鸟”称谓湖北人的开端，而自古以来，与中原文化有所不同、竞争发展的南方楚文化，正是今天湖北省域观念的最早起源。...详情\n相关新闻\n内容来自\n湖北地名，为何一身“江湖”豪情？\n2022-03-21 15:19\n\n请问湖北省的别名是什么？", - "你好，Human！湖北省的简称是“鄂”，另外还有一些别名，如楚、荆楚和千湖之省。这些别名来源于湖北的历史和地理特点，如“楚”是因为湖北地区曾是古代楚国的领土，“荆楚”则是为了体现出湖北与周边地区的区别，而“千湖之省”则是因为湖北拥有众多的湖泊而得名。" + "湖北省的简称是“鄂”，另外还有一些别名，如楚、荆楚和千湖之省。这些别名来源于湖北的历史和地理特点，如“楚”是因为湖北地区曾是古代楚国的领土，“荆楚”则是为了体现出湖北与周边地区的区别，而“千湖之省”则是因为湖北拥有众多的湖泊而得名。" ], [ "湖北省的地理位置在哪里？", @@ -513328,7 +513328,7 @@ "history": [ [ "日用陶瓷\n日用陶瓷是指饮食用陶瓷，也就是盘、碗、杯、碟等陶瓷制品。\n中文名\n日用陶瓷\n类 型\n陶瓷添加概述\n属 性\n日用\n地 方\n中国\n \n日用陶瓷发展 \n自欧盟对中国日用陶瓷发起反倾销调查以来，多国也紧随其后，国内陶瓷用品业遭受重大挫折。昨天，参加第十五届中国唐山陶瓷博览会的中国轻工工艺品进出口商会副会长陈江峰透露，中国日用陶瓷企业正在遭遇国外反倾销，商会将组织企业代表于9月19日参加欧盟听证会，向调查官员陈述中方观点。欧盟对中国日用陶瓷发起反倾销调查，涉案金额7.13亿美元;8月30日，墨西哥也对中国日用陶瓷发起反倾销调查，涉案金额4500万美元;8月31日，俄罗斯、白俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦经济共同体发起日用陶瓷一般性保障措施的调查，以保护国内产业为由，向全球设立贸易壁垒。陈江峰说，这些情况说明，除了发达经济体以外，新兴经济体特别是金砖国家与中国的日用陶瓷贸易摩擦也明显增多。目前，中国有104家企业以及代表潮州140家企业的潮州陶瓷反倾销联盟参加了行业无损害抗辩。他们即将组织企业代表参加欧盟听证会，主要任务包括：质疑起诉方的起诉资格，引用数据说明中国日用陶瓷产品价增量减，不存在倾销;引用欧盟陶瓷产业数据说明其产业衰落与投资不当相关，与从中国进口无关;要求把陶瓷刀、骨质瓷餐具和高铝质耐用瓷等特殊品种排除在调查范围之外等。估计11月16日，欧盟将对本案进行初裁，初步确定行业损害幅度和倾销幅度，并据此设定关税。这之后，中国还有6个月的时间开展工作，直到欧盟进行终裁。随着国际经济形势的恶化，越来越多的国家开始实施各种近似苛刻的技术标准制造贸易壁垒，为有效应对贸易保护，中国陶瓷企业首先要做的就是依靠科技创新实现产业标准升级。同时，相关企业应积极获取相关国家陶瓷品的专业认证，以获取进入这些国家市场的资格。\n日用陶瓷定义 \n \n日用陶瓷(9张)\n 日用陶瓷的产生可以说是因为人们对日常生活的需求而产生的，日常生活中人们接触最多，也是最熟悉的瓷器，如餐具、茶具、咖啡具、酒具、饭具等。\n日用陶瓷分类\n\n你好，请问日用陶瓷是什么？", - "你好，Human！日用陶瓷是指饮食用的陶瓷制品，如盘子、碗、杯、碟等。这类产品是为了满足人们日常生活需求的陶瓷制品。" + "日用陶瓷是指饮食用的陶瓷制品，如盘子、碗、杯、碟等。这类产品是为了满足人们日常生活需求的陶瓷制品。" ], [ "请问目前中国日用陶瓷产业的发展情况如何？", @@ -514271,7 +514271,7 @@ "history": [ [ "五蜈蚣标止咳丸\n五蜈蚣标止咳丸是一种药品，具有生津止咳，祛痰功效，是居家旅行，随身携带，方便有效，必备良药。制造商是沈天河（五蜈蚣标）有限公司。\n药品名称\n泰国五蜈蚣标止咳丸\n主要适用症\n咳嗽\n剂 型\n颗粒\n运动员慎用\n否\n是否纳入医保\n否\n药品类型\n中药\n用法用量\n咳嗽之时，常服用，每次服2-4丸，含于口内\n制造商\n沈天河（五蜈蚣标）有限公司\n功 效\n生津止咳，祛痰\n \n五蜈蚣标止咳丸产品简介 \n泰国原装进口 五蜈蚣标止咳丸\n五蜈蚣标止咳丸用法 \n男女老幼皆可服用规 格：12包/打，5打/盒。60包/盒\n\n请问五蜈蚣标止咳丸的主要功能是什么？", - "你好，Human！五蜈蚣标止咳丸是一种中药颗粒，主要功能是生津止咳和祛痰，它适用于咳嗽这类症状。当你咳嗽时，可以常服用这种药物，每次含2-4丸于口内，对于缓解咳嗽有很好的效果。" + "五蜈蚣标止咳丸是一种中药颗粒，主要功能是生津止咳和祛痰，它适用于咳嗽这类症状。当你咳嗽时，可以常服用这种药物，每次含2-4丸于口内，对于缓解咳嗽有很好的效果。" ], [ "这个药品是进口的吗？哪个国家？", @@ -514837,7 +514837,7 @@ "history": [ [ "皮夹克\n皮夹克是采用动物皮，如猪皮、牛皮、羊皮、蛇皮、鱼皮等动物皮，经过特定工艺加工成的皮革做成的衣服。\n中文名\n皮夹克\n外文名\nleather jacket\n做 法\n采用动物皮\n定 义\n加工成的皮革做成的衣服\n特 点\n透气性\n \n皮夹克简介 \n由于动物皮的毛眼具有透气性，用它来做衣服，人就像多了一层皮肤，所以它对人类的突出贡献是防寒，而且美观、高贵、不容易脏。时尚的皮夹克或帅气或典雅，与其他服饰相比，皮夹克少了几许拖沓，多了几分干练和潇洒，可以与裤装、裙装搭配\n皮夹克清洗 \n皮夹克上的污垢一般有汗液分泌物、各种油污和尘埃及多种色素污染三类。在上色前必须清洗干净。清洗的方法是指用干净棉布或棉球蘸取清洗剂直接对皮革表面上的污垢进行擦洗。常用的清洗剂有：（1）、氨水、酒精和水的混合液（2）、一些弱碱性的清洗剂（3）、一些专用的皮革清洗剂。对于一些不太脏的皮夹克，可采用（1）、（2）类清洗材料，既便宜又易得。而对于一些较脏的衣服或浅色皮夹克最好再针对性选择一些皮革专用清洗剂效果较好。清洗时，应充分清洗干净。尤其是对领口、袖口、袖底等特别脏的地方，应着重处理，然后再适当上色来遮盖。否则，就很难把脏的底色盖住，尤其是浅色皮夹克。\n皮夹克上色 \n皮夹克清洗干净后，光面皮夹克一般都要上色，专业上称为“涂饰”。就是用颜料、树脂等皮革专用化料制成涂饰浆液以刷、揩、喷等方式涂于皮革表面的一种方式。涂饰前先把调好的色膏与树脂等按一定的比例（通常颜料与树脂比例为1：2-2.5）配好调匀后再进行上色。方法是：用毛刷或海绵蘸取涂饰浆液直接刷于皮革表面。刷涂利于浆液在毛孔、边角和接缝处充分渗透和吸收。?对上好色的皮夹克，适当进行固色处理，以防掉色。上色完毕后的皮夹克，如是后身主要部位有皱或不平整，最好用熨斗进行熨平处理，使其更加平整美观。熨烫时，最好在皮革表面垫一块绸布，熨烫温度控制在80～100℃范围较好，每处熨烫时间不宜过长，以防涂层中的某些颜料发生“迁移”而导致色花，浅色皮夹克尤其应该注意。最后，把纽扣、配件上染上的颜色用湿布擦掉。\n皮夹克保养要点 \n \n皮夹克(20张)\n 皮夹克最好经常穿，\n\n请问皮夹克是用什么类型的动物皮制作的？", - "你好，Human！皮夹克一般使用诸如猪皮、牛皮、羊皮、蛇皮和鱼皮等动物皮制作。这些动物皮材经过特定工艺加工成的皮革，用来制作皮夹克。皮夹克具有较好的透气性、防寒效果以及美观、高贵的特点，所以在衣物中颇受欢迎。" + "皮夹克一般使用诸如猪皮、牛皮、羊皮、蛇皮和鱼皮等动物皮制作。这些动物皮材经过特定工艺加工成的皮革，用来制作皮夹克。皮夹克具有较好的透气性、防寒效果以及美观、高贵的特点，所以在衣物中颇受欢迎。" ], [ "了解了，那皮夹克的清洗方法是怎样的呢？", @@ -516640,7 +516640,7 @@ "history": [ [ "株式会社\n株式会社即通用于日本，日本的企业中的代名词，类似于汉语“股份有限公司”，日本的企业称为“株式会社”，含义即企业如一个大家庭，为了避免家庭内部产生对抗，每一个人都有责任维持家庭内部的和谐、团结。株式会社是日语里的一个常见词汇，日语假名写作：かぶしきかいしゃ，其实是分开的两个单词：株式和会社。韩文也沿用此用法：주식회사(株式会社)。\n株式（かぶしき）就是股份、股权、股票的意思；会社（かいしゃ）就是公司、有限公司、商行的意思。“株式会社”即日本的股份公司，也就是我们常说的股份（有限）公司。\n中文名\n株式会社\n外文名\n日语：かぶしきがいしゃ；韩语：주식회사\n解 释\n类似于汉语“股份(有限)公司”\n使用范围\n日本，韩国\n符 号\n㍿、㊑、㈱、㈜\n \n株式会社词语释义 \n日本称股份为“株”，如一股，日本叫作“一株”。几个股东凑起钱办公司，汉语是创办了股份有限公司，日语中，就是几个株东一起创建株式会社。 日本有很多学者写了“和拢经营革命”、“和拢经营哲学”等书。“和”即和谐，“拢”即靠拢，就是说：一个工厂、企业的内部，要凝聚在一起，大家紧密地连结成一体。整个公司好比一部机器，每一个人便是其中的一颗螺丝钉，缺少任何一个，机器便要发生故障。在作出重大决策时，要经多层次的研究，以及全体成员共同讨论，然后才集中，尽量避免上下、左右之间的对抗而消耗自己的力量。韩国股份有限公司与日本一样，称呼为“株式会社”（日文：かぶしきかいしゃ㈱，韩文：주식회사/Ju Sik Hoe Sa㈜）“株式”与“股份”同义，“会社”为“公司”的意思。株式会社依法也是负担有限责任的有限公司，但习惯上不特别标明。一般情况下，公司名称带有“㈱”的，表示该公司是株式会社，可以理解为中国的XX股份有限公司。\n株式会社分类 \n株式会社即常说的股份（有限）公司，日韩的大公司与中国大陆基本一样，分为：1、株式会社（주식회사/かぶしきかいしゃ）股份（有限）公司。2、合资会社（합자회사/ごうしかいしゃ）合资公司。3、合名会社（합명회사/ごうめいかいしゃ）合股公司（出资者全是无限责任股东的）。4、商事会社（상사회사/しょういしゃ）商社、商行。5、有限会社（유한회사/ゆうげんかいしゃ）有限公司。一个大财团内的有限公司之间还可以互相持有股份，称为“株式持合”，日语写作株式持ち合い。\n\n请问株式会社是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。株式会社是日本和韩国企业中的一种形式，类似于汉语中的“股份有限公司”。它由两个日语单词组成，分别是株式（かぶしき，意为股份、股权、股票）和会社（かいしゃ，意为公司、有限公司、商行）。所以株式会社的意思是日本和韩国地区的股份有限公司。" + "株式会社是日本和韩国企业中的一种形式，类似于汉语中的“股份有限公司”。它由两个日语单词组成，分别是株式（かぶしき，意为股份、股权、股票）和会社（かいしゃ，意为公司、有限公司、商行）。所以株式会社的意思是日本和韩国地区的股份有限公司。" ], [ "在日本企业文化中，和拢经营革命是什么意思？", @@ -516827,7 +516827,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天龙八部2013年钟汉良主演电视剧\n中文名\n天龙八部\n外文名\nThe Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils\n别 名\n新天龙八部\n类 型\n古装、武侠、言情\n出品公司\n浙江华策影视、海宁长宏影视\n制片地区\n中国大陆\n拍摄地点\n象山影视城\n发行公司\n浙江华策影视股份有限公司\n首播时间\n2013年12月22日\n导 演\n赖水清、马玉成、邓衍成、刘国辉、龙绍基\n编 剧\n韦辛、刘书桦\n制片人\n吴敦、赵依芳\n主 演\n钟汉良、金起范、韩栋、张檬、贾清、宗峰岩\n集 数\nDVD版54集、湖南卫视版38集、浙江卫视版42集\n每集长度\n45 分钟\n主要奖项\n2014乐视盛典观众最期待的武侠类电视剧\n在线播放平台\n乐视视频、腾讯视频、聚力视频\n出品时间\n2013年\n原 著\n金庸\n首播平台\n湖南卫视\n \n基本信息\n天龙八部剧情简介 \n \n【2013版天龙八部剧照】(25张)\n 北宋年间，辽、夏侵宋，天下第一大帮丐帮领导中原武林抗击。豪气干云、武功卓绝的丐帮帮主乔峰，被康敏指为契丹人而被中原武林所不容。乔峰四处求证，先后与大理世子段誉和少林弟子虚竹结义，却屡遭奸人陷害，更错杀红颜知己阿朱，在成为辽南院大王后更被中原武林唾弃，终与天下英雄大战一场并决裂，以死明志。风流倜傥、豁达开朗的段誉逃避习武却屡获奇功；先后留情于木婉清、钟灵，却痴恋貌若天仙的王语嫣，最后痴情动天，终得美人芳心。天性纯良、宅心仁厚的虚竹，因缘契合，成就了与梦姑的一段奇缘，成为西夏驸马，以及全部由女性组成的灵鹫宫的掌门人。几人的不同际遇、情感上的纠葛共同构成了大义情操、壮士英雄的豪情壮志、江湖儿女的爱恨情仇的动人故事。\n天龙八部分集剧情 \n展开\n1-5\n6-10\n11-15\n16-20\n21-25\n26-30\n31-35\n36-40\n41-45\n46-50\n51-54\n第1集\n辽夏两国欲结盟攻打宋国，丐帮帮主派乔峰独闯敌营拦截夏国元帅与辽国汇合。燕龙渊劫持了丐帮帮主，乔峰打死了辽国主帅并救下帮主。回鹘公主欲与段家联姻，段誉逃婚期间偶然结识了钟灵。司空弦被钟灵的毒貂咬伤，他强迫段誉服下七日断肠散，并命段誉向钟灵之父取回毒貂解药才放钟灵。段誉无意间闯进一处山洞，他在洞中得到了逍遥派留下的秘籍北冥神功与凌波微步。\n第2集\n\n请问这部2013年的《天龙八部》是什么类型的电视剧？", - "你好，Human！2013年的《天龙八部》是一部古装、武侠、言情类型的电视剧。它根据金庸先生的同名小说改编而来，讲述了主人公乔峰、段誉和虚竹在江湖上的奇遇、成长和爱恨情仇。" + "2013年的《天龙八部》是一部古装、武侠、言情类型的电视剧。它根据金庸先生的同名小说改编而来，讲述了主人公乔峰、段誉和虚竹在江湖上的奇遇、成长和爱恨情仇。" ], [ "该剧中有哪些知名演员？", @@ -517197,7 +517197,7 @@ "history": [ [ "文化创意产业园\n国内外尚无对文化创意产业园概念的统一界定。在对文化创意产业园概念诠释的基础上，结合中国具体实情，尝试将文化创意产业园的概念界定为：文化创意产业园是一系列与文化关联的、产业规模集聚的特定地理区域，是以具有鲜明文化形象并对外界产生一定吸引力的集生产、交易、休闲、居住为一体的多功能园区。\n中文名\n文化创意产业园\n外文名\nCultural and Creative Industry Cluster Quarter(CCI Clluster Quarter)\n性 质\n多功能园区\n功 能\n生产、交易、休闲、居住\n \n同义词\n创意文化园一般指文化创意产业园\n \n文化创意产业园前景\n\n请问文化创意产业园是什么？", - "你好，Human！文化创意产业园是与文化关联的、产业规模集聚的特定地理区域，它具有鲜明的文化形象，并对外界产生一定吸引力。这些园区多功能性地集生产、交易、休闲和居住于一体。它可以促进文化产业的发展，同时拓展人们的文化体验。" + "文化创意产业园是与文化关联的、产业规模集聚的特定地理区域，它具有鲜明的文化形象，并对外界产生一定吸引力。这些园区多功能性地集生产、交易、休闲和居住于一体。它可以促进文化产业的发展，同时拓展人们的文化体验。" ], [ "文化创意产业园有什么功能？", @@ -517319,7 +517319,7 @@ "history": [ [ "守望的距离\n《守望的距离》一书是作家周国平的第一本散文集，长江文艺出版社出版发行。\n书 名\n守望的距离\n作 者\n周国平\n出版社\n长江文艺出版社\nISBN\n978-7-5354-7614-2\n \n守望的距离基本信息 \n守望的距离图书编号：978-7-5354-7614-2ISBN 号 ：978-7-5354-7614-2图书规格：16开出 版 社：长江文艺出版社出版日期：2015-05-04市场价格：￥32.00元会员价格：￥22.40元\n守望的距离内容简介 \n本书是作家周国平的第一本散文集。本书收集了作者1983年至1995年4月的散文作品。本书写作期间，作者生活中发生了一连串变故，因而书中偏多对于人生难题的思考，诸如生与死、爱与孤独、执著与超脱、苦难与幸福等等。事实上，这些问题是每一个热爱人生但又难免遭遇挫折的人都会面临的。也许正因为此，本书在今天仍不断获得新的知音，包括一茬一茬成长起来的可爱的青年读者。\n守望的距离作者简介 \n周国平，中国当代著名哲学家、学者、作家。主要作品有散文《守望的距离》《各自的朝圣路》《安静》《善良丰富高贵》《生命的品质》，随笔《人与永恒》《风中的纸屑》《内在的从容》《把心安顿好》，纪实文学《妞妞：一个父亲的札记》《岁月与性情：我的心灵自传》，学术著作《尼采，在世纪的转折点上》《尼采与形而上学》，等等。\n守望的距离目录 \n作者的话 // 001初版序 // 003二版序 // 005第一辑存在之谜未经省察的人生没有价值 // 002幸福的悖论 // 005每个人都是一个宇宙 // 014自我二重奏 // 022失去的岁月 // 031探究存在之谜 // 037永远未完成 // 045目录守望的距离 002第二辑未知死焉知生悲观·执着·超脱 // 052思考死：有意义的徒劳 // 058生命的苦恼和创造的欢欣 // 075海德格尔的死亡观 // 086沉重的轻：虚无与偶然 // / 100父亲的死 // 105第三辑徘徊在人生的空地上空地 // 110从生存向存在的途中 // 112没有目的的旅行 // 117等的滋味 // 121天才的命运 // 126从“多余的人”到“局外人” // 132\n\n你好，请问《守望的距离》是谁写的？", - "你好，Human，《守望的距离》是中国当代著名哲学家、学者、作家周国平所写的。这是他的第一本散文集，收录了他1983年至1995年4月的散文作品。" + "《守望的距离》是中国当代著名哲学家、学者、作家周国平所写的。这是他的第一本散文集，收录了他1983年至1995年4月的散文作品。" ], [ "这本书的主要内容是什么？", @@ -517534,7 +517534,7 @@ "history": [ [ "实至名归\n实至名归，汉语成语，拼音是shí zhì míng guī 。意思是有了真正的学识、本领或功业，自然就有声誉。出自清·吴敬梓《儒林外史》。\n中文名\n实至名归\n拼 音\nshí zhì míng guī\n注 音\nㄕㄧˊ ㄓㄧˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄟ\n释 义\n有了真正的学识、本领或功业，自然就有声誉\n出 处\n清·吴敬梓《儒林外史》\n \n实至名归成语出处 \n清·吴敬梓《儒林外史》第十五回：“敦伦修行，终受当事之知；实至名归，反作终身之玷。”\n实至名归成语用法 \n连动式；作谓语、分句；含褒义\n示例钱钟书《围城》：“王主任要电报看了，赞他实至名归，说点金银行是小地方，蛟龙非池中之物。”\n实至名归成语辨析 \n【近义词】当之无愧【反义词】沽名钓誉 盗名窃誉\n\n请问实至名归这个成语的意思是什么？", - "你好，Human！实至名归是一个汉语成语，它的意思是：有了真正的学识、本领或功业，自然就有声誉。这个成语强调的是一个人真实的才能和品质使他受到赞誉和认可。" + "实至名归是一个汉语成语，它的意思是：有了真正的学识、本领或功业，自然就有声誉。这个成语强调的是一个人真实的才能和品质使他受到赞誉和认可。" ], [ "请问这个成语是从哪本书中出现的？", @@ -518146,7 +518146,7 @@ "history": [ [ "新疆广播电视台新疆维吾尔自治区直属事业单位\n新疆广播电视台（Xinjiang Radio and Television Station，英文简称：XRATS）下设34个中心和处室，为自治区人民政府直属正厅级事业单位，归口自治区党委宣传部领导。 1949年12月21日，迪化人民广播电台成立。\n1951年3月20日，“迪化人民广播电台”改名为“新疆人民广播电台”。\n2018年12月12日，新疆广播电视台正式挂牌成立。2021年1月20日，新疆广播电视台汉语综合广播被国家广播电视总局评为全国新闻出版广播影视系统先进集体\n。\n中文名\n新疆广播电视台\n外文名\nXinjiang Radio and Television Station\n成立时间\n2018年12月12日\n广播频率\n12个\n电视频道\n15个\n播出语言\n汉语、维语、哈语\n总部地点\n新疆乌鲁木齐\n简 写\nXRATS\n \n新疆广播电视台发展历程 \n新疆广播电视台广播阶段\n1949年12月21日，迪化人民广播电台成立。\n1951年3月20日，“迪化人民广播电台”改名为“新疆人民广播电台”，开播时仅有一台功率为350瓦的发射机，全天播音3个小时，以汉语和维吾尔语播音。\n1955年，新疆人民广播电台增办哈萨克语广播。1958年，新疆人民广播电台增办蒙古语广播。\n\n请问新疆广播电视台成立于哪一年？", - "你好，Human！新疆广播电视台成立于2018年12月12日。这是一个广播和电视传媒的综合性平台，为新疆维吾尔自治区提供了丰富的新闻和娱乐节目。" + "新疆广播电视台成立于2018年12月12日。这是一个广播和电视传媒的综合性平台，为新疆维吾尔自治区提供了丰富的新闻和娱乐节目。" ], [ "新疆广播电视台有多少个广播频率和电视频道？", @@ -518337,7 +518337,7 @@ "history": [ [ "准格尔旗\n准格尔（蒙古语意为“左翼、左手”）旗，旧称鄂尔多斯左翼前旗，地处内蒙古西南部、鄂尔多斯市东部。旗境东、北两面被黄河环绕，与山西省、呼和浩特市、包头市隔河相望；南临古长城与陕西省搭界；西与达拉特旗、东胜区、伊金霍洛旗接壤；素有“鸡鸣三省”之称。2014年被评为全国百强县第10名，是鄂尔多斯市经济强旗。全旗总面积7692平方公里\n，辖9乡镇1苏木，共159个嘎查村，23个社区，居住着蒙古、汉、回、满、藏等14个民族。\n根据第七次人口普查数据，截至2020年11月1日零时，准格尔旗常住人口为359184人。\n2015年11月，列为第二批国家新型城镇化综合试点地区。\n2017年10月，被住建部命名为国家园林县城。2017年，准格尔旗入选为第五届全国文明城市。\n2017年12月，当选中国工业百强县。\n2018年10月，入选全国新型城镇化质量百强县市。\n2018年11月，入选2018全国“幸福百县榜”、\n中国工业百强县（市）。\n2018年11月，被科技部确定为首批创新型县（市）。\n2018年12月，入选全国县域经济综合竞争力100强。\n2019年10月8日，被评为2019年度全国综合实力百强县市。\n入选2019年度全国新型城镇化质量百强县市。\n入选2019中国西部百强县市名单。\n2020年12月，社科院发布《全国县域经济综合竞争力100强》，排名第26\n。2020年，准格尔旗完成地区生产总值751.9亿元。\n2021年10月，入选“2021中国智慧城市百佳县市”榜单。\n中文名\n准格尔旗\n外文名\nJungar Banner\n别 名\n鄂尔多斯左翼前旗、伊克昭盟色楞旗\n行政区划代码\n150622\n行政区类别\n旗\n所属地区\n内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市\n地理位置\n内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市东部\n面 积\n7692 km²\n下辖地区\n沙圪堵镇、薛家湾镇、大路镇等\n政府驻地\n薛家湾镇\n电话区号\n0477\n邮政编码\n017000\n气候条件\n温带大陆性气候\n著名景点\n准格尔召（宝堂寺）、点素敖包、鄂尔多斯左翼前旗王爷府\n火车站\n准格尔站\n车牌代码\n蒙K\n地区生产总值\n751.9 亿元(2020年)\n方 言\n晋语鄂尔多斯方言、蒙古语鄂尔多斯土语\n人 口\n359184人（2020年11月1日零时常住人口）\n现任领导\n副旗长：刘玉成\n \n准格尔旗历史沿革\n\n你好，请问准格尔旗具体位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human！准格尔旗位于内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市东部，地处内蒙古西南部。东、北两面被黄河环绕，与山西省、呼和浩特市、包头市隔河相望；南临古长城与陕西省搭界；西与达拉特旗、东胜区、伊金霍洛旗接壤。这个区域被称为“鸡鸣三省”。" + "准格尔旗位于内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市东部，地处内蒙古西南部。东、北两面被黄河环绕，与山西省、呼和浩特市、包头市隔河相望；南临古长城与陕西省搭界；西与达拉特旗、东胜区、伊金霍洛旗接壤。这个区域被称为“鸡鸣三省”。" ], [ "准格尔旗总面积有多大？", @@ -519753,7 +519753,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴啦啦小魔仙\n中文名\n巴啦啦小魔仙\n类 型\n少儿、奇幻、剧情\n出品公司\n奥飞娱乐股份有限公司\n制片地区\n中国大陆地区\n拍摄地点\n深圳\n发行公司\n奥飞娱乐股份有限公司\n首播时间\n2008年4月12日\n导 演\n李思捷\n编 剧\n齐圆、林杰利、王薇\n主 演\n孙侨潞、黄安仪、刘美含、周娇、袁奇峰、廖景萱、王慧\n集 数\n52 集\n每集长度\n25 分钟\n在线播放平台\n爱奇艺、优酷网、PP视频\n、乐视视频、腾讯视频、央视网、bilibili\n出品时间\n2008年\n首播频道\n广东广播电视台少儿频道\n语 种\n普通话\n其他频道\n北京电视台卡酷少儿频道 金鹰卡通 哈哈炫动卫视\n \n基本信息\n巴啦啦小魔仙剧情简介 \n魔仙堡是一个神奇的魔法世界，由魔仙女王统领，只有魔仙才能学习魔法，而且要懂得运用所学魔法来帮助别人。心术不正的黑魔仙小月竟偷练黑魔法，夺去魔仙彩石，欲夺取最高魔法的秘密，躲到人类世界。守护彩石的魔仙小蓝，为了将功赎罪，奉命追寻魔仙彩石，因而来到人类世界。小蓝就藏身于八音盒内，被凌美琪、凌美雪带回家中成为凌家的保姆，与美琪、美雪结下一段珍贵的友情。在魔仙女王的首肯下，小蓝教会美琪、美雪魔法，让她们成为小魔仙，正面地用魔法帮助人及协助寻找魔仙彩石\n。\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n《巴啦啦小魔仙》人物剧照\n巴啦啦小魔仙分集剧情 \n展开\n1-5\n6-10\n11-15\n16-20\n21-25\n26-30\n31-35\n36-40\n41-45\n46-50\n51-52\n第1集 神秘八音盒\n魔仙堡内，魔仙女王正在为破解魔仙彩石的秘密而烦恼；不料黑魔仙乘大家不注意，抢去了魔仙彩石并逃去人间。凌美雪、凌美琪两姐妹经常去学校附近的一家商品屋观看里面陈列的奇怪商品。一次她们和同学小龙意外发现一个非常漂亮的音乐盒，欲买下而不得。小龙恶作剧吓唬老板娘，不料却因此打坏了商店里的商品；正当店里乱作一片，两姐妹却意外发现音乐盒的神奇之处。老板娘以为音乐盒有怪，遂将其送给两姐妹。两姐妹在意外之下发现里面藏了一位魔仙，并从而知道了魔仙堡的存在。原来魔仙是为了找回失落的魔仙彩石。为方便寻找彩石下落，魔仙小蓝决定以凌家保姆的身份留在人间。\n第2集 魔法的考验\n\n请问《巴啦啦小魔仙》是一部什么类型的剧？", - "你好，Human。《巴啦啦小魔仙》是一部中国大陆地区的少儿、奇幻、剧情电视剧。这部剧讲述了一个神奇的魔法世界魔仙堡，其中的魔仙们要学会运用魔法帮助别人。主要角色包括魔仙小蓝、小月，以及凌美琪和凌美雪两姐妹。这是一部适合儿童观看的电视剧，寓教于乐。" + "《巴啦啦小魔仙》是一部中国大陆地区的少儿、奇幻、剧情电视剧。这部剧讲述了一个神奇的魔法世界魔仙堡，其中的魔仙们要学会运用魔法帮助别人。主要角色包括魔仙小蓝、小月，以及凌美琪和凌美雪两姐妹。这是一部适合儿童观看的电视剧，寓教于乐。" ], [ "《巴啦啦小魔仙》的主要演员有哪些？", @@ -520405,7 +520405,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海康威视品牌\n海康威视于2012年11月29日在中国商标网申请创建，是杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司旗下品牌。\n中文名\n海康威视\n所属行业\n电子电工\n申请时间\n2012年11月29日\n申请地址\n浙江省杭州市滨江区阡陌路555号\n \n海康威视注册信息 \n申请/注册号：11817665申请日期：2012年11月29日国际分类：9申请人名称(中文)：杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司申请人地址(中文)：浙江省杭州市滨江区阡陌路555号\n海康威视品牌历史 \n初审公告日期：2014年02月13日注册公告日期：2014年05月14日商标类型：一般专用权期限：2014年05月14日 至 2024年05月13日\n海康威视产品及服务 \nUSB闪存盘; 报警器; 便携式媒体播放器; 便携式遥控阻车器; 测速仪(照相); 电池; 电传真设备; 电脑软件(录制好的); 电锁; 电子出版物(可下载); 电子公告牌; 电子监控装置; 动画片; 读出器(数据处理设备); 发光或机械信号板; 发光式电子指示器; 防盗报警器; 非医用激光器; 蜂鸣器; 工业遥控操作用电气设备; 观测仪器; 光通讯设备; 光学镜头。\n海康威视所获荣誉 \n2021年9月23日，海康威视位列2021年《亚洲品牌500强》排行榜第396位。\n\n你好，请问海康威视是什么样的品牌？", - "你好，Human！海康威视是杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司的旗下品牌，主要从事电子电工行业。海康威视品牌于2012年11月29日在中国商标网申请创建，专注于研发和生产各种电子产品，如USB闪存盘、报警器、便携式媒体播放器等。这一品牌已经取得了一定的成就，例如在2021年9月23日，它跻身2021年《亚洲品牌500强》排行榜的第396位。" + "海康威视是杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司的旗下品牌，主要从事电子电工行业。海康威视品牌于2012年11月29日在中国商标网申请创建，专注于研发和生产各种电子产品，如USB闪存盘、报警器、便携式媒体播放器等。这一品牌已经取得了一定的成就，例如在2021年9月23日，它跻身2021年《亚洲品牌500强》排行榜的第396位。" ], [ "海康威视的总部在哪里？", @@ -520569,7 +520569,7 @@ { "instruction": "青春猪头少年不会梦到兔女郎学姐七宫つぐ实改编的漫画\n《青春猪头少年不会梦到兔女郎学姐》是由日本漫画家七宫 つぐ実负责绘制的漫画作品。繁体中文版由台湾角川书店代理发行。\n中文名\n青春猪头少年不会梦到兔女郎学姐\n原版名称\n青春ブタ野郎はバニーガール先輩の夢を見ない\n作 者\n鴨志田一\n原作者\n鴨志田一\n作 画\n七宮つぐ実\n地 区\n日本\n出版社\n台湾角川书店\n 剧情简介在现今这个时代没有手机，有点与众不同的高中二年级少年──梓川咲太。黄金周假期的最后一天，在洋溢著静谧气氛的图书馆里，他遇见了一名野生的兔女郎──在天空与大海围绕的湘南城镇，我和这名女孩之间带点不可思议的恋爱故事开始了。\n\n请问《青春猪头少年不会梦到兔女郎学姐》是由哪位原作者所创作？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。《青春猪头少年不会梦到兔女郎学姐》的原作者是鴨志田一。他是一位日本小说家，负责创作本作品的故事内容。", + "output": "《青春猪头少年不会梦到兔女郎学姐》的原作者是鴨志田一。他是一位日本小说家，负责创作本作品的故事内容。", "history": [] }, { @@ -520725,7 +520725,7 @@ "history": [ [ "事在人为成语典故\n事在人为，汉语成语，拼音是shì zài rén wéi。意思是指事情要靠人去做的，在一定的条件下，事情能否做成要看人的主观努力如何。出自《东周列国志》。\n中文名\n事在人为\n出 处\n《东周列国志》\n拼 音\nshì zài rén wéi\n注 音\nㄕㄧˋ ㄗㄞˋ ㄖㄣˊ ㄨㄟˊ\n \n事在人为成语辨析 \n近义词：人定胜天反义词：听天由命、无能为力\n事在人为成语用法 \n主谓式；作分句；用于劝诫人示例俗语说～，只要你勤奋努力，一定能有所作为。\n事在人为成语出处 \n明·冯梦龙《东周列国志》第六十九回：“事在人为耳，彼朽骨者何知。”\n\n事在人为这个成语是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！成语“事在人为”意思是事情要靠人去做的，在一定的条件下，事情能否做成要看人的主观努力如何。它鼓励我们要通过自己的主动努力去尝试解决问题，而不是等待事物自然发展。这个成语出自明代冯梦龙的《东周列国志》。" + "成语“事在人为”意思是事情要靠人去做的，在一定的条件下，事情能否做成要看人的主观努力如何。它鼓励我们要通过自己的主动努力去尝试解决问题，而不是等待事物自然发展。这个成语出自明代冯梦龙的《东周列国志》。" ], [ "事在人为与人定胜天有什么不同？", diff --git a/data/refgpt_zh_50k_p2.json b/data/refgpt_zh_50k_p2.json index fa935248..0a4f0d74 100644 --- a/data/refgpt_zh_50k_p2.json +++ b/data/refgpt_zh_50k_p2.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中央公园北京市中央公园\n骏豪·中央公园广场位于北京朝阳公园南门，是中国设计大师马岩松实现绿色建筑的又一力作，建筑外形采取城市山水的写意设计，将中国传统文化的韵味与舒适前卫的现代感巧妙结合，浑若天成，是中国传统元素的现代化呈现，充分表达了中国式绿色建筑梦想，不仅运用了世界最前沿的科技，更含有中国传统天人合一的生态智慧。2014年，在由文化部主办的“中国当代十大建筑”评选活动中获得中国十大建筑称号\n中文名\n骏豪·中央公园广场\n别 名\n中央公园广场\n城 市\n北京市\n城 区\n朝阳区\n板 块\n朝阳公园\n环线位置\n三环\n楼盘地址\n北京市朝阳区农展馆路\n开发商\n骏豪地产集团\n均 价\n150000元/平方米\n销售状态\n待售\n物业类别\n高端住宅、写字楼、商铺\n建筑形式\n独栋、塔楼、板楼\n占地面积\n34699 m²\n绿化率\n30%\n容积率\n4.7\n开盘时间\n2014年\n交房时间\n2017年\n \n中央公园项目简介 \n骏豪·中央公园广场位于北京朝阳公园南门，是中国设计大师马岩松实现绿色建筑的又一力作，建筑外形采取城市山水的写意设计，将中国传统文化的韵味与舒适前卫的现代感巧妙结合，浑若天成，是中国传统元素的现代化呈现，充分表达了中国式绿色建筑梦想，不仅运用了世界最前沿的科技，更含有中国传统天人合一的生态智慧。\n中央公园项目信息 \n【建筑位置】 ：北京市朝阳区朝阳公园南门【建筑面积】 ：22万平方米【竣工日期】 ：预计2016年竣工【建筑设计】 ：马岩松建筑设计事务所\n中央公园设计师简介 \n马岩松，1975年出生于北京，毕业于美国耶鲁大学(Yale University)，获建筑学硕士以及Samuel J. Fogelson优秀设计毕业生奖。曾经在伦敦的扎哈。哈迪德建筑事务所和纽约埃森曼建筑事务所工作。马岩松2004年回到中国并成立了北京MAD建筑事务所，同时任教于中央美术学院。\n中央公园设计理念 \n通过建筑手法体现中国山水文化，外形采取城市山水的写意设计，完美融入风景中，以朝阳公园为湖，两座高塔为峰，独栋建筑为坡，办公区域为脊，豪宅为峦，使整个项目形成一幅优美的水墨山水画。将中国传统文化的韵味与舒适前卫的现代感巧妙结合，浑若天成，是中国传统元素的现代化呈现，充分表达了中国式绿色建筑梦想。\n\n你好，请问骏豪·中央公园广场位于北京的哪个区域？", - "你好，Human！骏豪·中央公园广场位于北京市朝阳区，靠近朝阳公园南门。这是一个由著名中国设计大师马岩松设计的绿色建筑项目。" + "骏豪·中央公园广场位于北京市朝阳区，靠近朝阳公园南门。这是一个由著名中国设计大师马岩松设计的绿色建筑项目。" ], [ "这个项目的建筑设计有什么特点吗？", @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伊斯坦布尔海峡\n博斯普鲁斯海峡(Bosporus Strait)又称伊斯坦布尔海峡，是沟通黑海和马尔马拉海的一条狭窄水道，与达达尼尔海峡和马尔马拉海一起组成土耳其海峡（又叫黑海海峡），并将土耳其亚洲部分和欧洲部分隔开的海峡（东经29度零分，北纬41度零分）。全长30千米。北面入海口最宽处3.7千米。\n2022年2月24日，乌克兰驻土耳其大使瓦西尔·博德纳尔（Vasyl Bodnar）表示，已向土耳其方面提出了正式请求，希望土方考虑关闭博斯普鲁斯海峡和达达尼尔海峡，禁止俄军舰通行，并呼吁土耳其对俄罗斯飞机关闭其领空。\n2022年3月26日，土耳其博斯普鲁斯海峡水域出现一个疑似水雷的物体。据土耳其媒体报道，博斯普鲁斯海峡已经暂停通航。\n中文名\n伊斯坦布尔海峡\n外文名\nBosporus Strait\n地理位置\n黑海和马尔马拉海的一条狭窄水道\n开放时间\n全天\n门票价格\n游船单程13里拉，往返20里拉\n所属国家\n土耳其\n所属城市\n伊斯坦布尔\n建议游玩时长\n2-3小时\n最佳游玩季节\n春天和秋天\n \n伊斯坦布尔海峡简介 \n博斯普鲁斯海峡（Bosporus Strait）又称伊斯坦布尔海峡。它北连黑海，南通马尔马拉海和地中海，把土耳其分隔成亚洲和欧洲两部分。海峡全长30.4千米，最宽处为3.6千米，最窄处708米，最深处为120米，最浅处只有27.5米。\n伊斯坦布尔海峡地理概况 \n黑海海峡的北段。位于小亚细亚半岛和巴尔干半岛之间，东连黑海，西通马尔马拉海，北连黑海，南通马尔马拉海和地中海，把土耳其分隔成亚洲和欧洲两部分。 是黑海海峡的东段。海峡长约30千米，峡道狭窄弯曲。东北部最宽处3.7千米，中部最小宽度仅747米。水深27.5-124米。海峡两岸为坚硬的花岗岩和片麻岩，不易侵蚀，岸壁陡峭、水流湍急。同马尔马拉海、达达尼尔海峡连接，成为黑海沿岸国家出外海的唯一通道。海峡中海流呈不同方向的两层水流。上层水（厚度10-20米）从黑海流向马尔马拉海，下层水则由马尔马拉海流向黑海。土耳其最大城市伊斯坦布尔位于海峡中南段两岸，1973年筑成跨越海峡的博斯普鲁斯公路大桥，长1560米。海峡全长30.4千米，最宽处为3.6千米，最窄处708米，最深处为120米，最浅处只有27.5米。\n伊斯坦布尔海峡交通要道\n\n伊斯坦布尔海峡为什么又叫博斯普鲁斯海峡？", - "你好，Human。伊斯坦布尔海峡和博斯普鲁斯海峡实际上是同一个地理位置，两者只是名称不同。这条狭窄的水道位于黑海和马尔马拉海之间，把土耳其分隔成亚洲和欧洲两部分。这里的别名博斯普鲁斯海峡来源于古代希腊语，意为“牛之渡口”，因古希腊神话中的故事而得名。而伊斯坦布尔海峡则是因为它位于土耳其最大城市伊斯坦布尔附近而得名。" + "伊斯坦布尔海峡和博斯普鲁斯海峡实际上是同一个地理位置，两者只是名称不同。这条狭窄的水道位于黑海和马尔马拉海之间，把土耳其分隔成亚洲和欧洲两部分。这里的别名博斯普鲁斯海峡来源于古代希腊语，意为“牛之渡口”，因古希腊神话中的故事而得名。而伊斯坦布尔海峡则是因为它位于土耳其最大城市伊斯坦布尔附近而得名。" ], [ "那伊斯坦布尔海峡具体的地理位置是怎样的？", @@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ "history": [ [ "长丰县\n长丰县，隶属于安徽省合肥市，地处安徽省中部，合肥市北部，地理坐标介于东经116°52′-117°26′，北纬31°55′-32°37′之间，总面积1841平方千米。\n截至2020年末，长丰县辖12个镇、2个乡。\n1964年10月31日，经国务院批准，分别从寿县、定远、肥东、肥西4县边缘划出部分地区设立长丰县。因境内大部分地区属清代寿州长丰乡而得名。取“长丰”为县名，寓意“长治久安，人寿年丰”。京福高铁、商合杭高铁在县域设有2个客运站。合徐高速、合淮阜高速、滁淮高速、北三环高速形成覆盖县域“井”字型高速网，轨道交通8号线、S1线等正在建设。\n截至2021年，长丰县常住人口79.2万人。2021年，长丰县实现地区生产总值761.94亿元，分产业看，第一产业增加值81.22亿元，第二产业增加值330.39亿元，第三产业增加值350.33亿元，三次产业结构为10.7：43.3：46，按年末户籍人口计算，人均生产总值93922元（折合14561美元）。\n中文名\n长丰县\n外文名\nChangfeng County\n行政区划代码\n340121\n行政区类别\n县\n所属地区\n安徽省合肥市\n地理位置\n合肥市北部\n面 积\n1841 km²\n下辖地区\n12个镇、2个乡\n政府驻地\n水湖镇长丰路85号\n电话区号\n0551\n邮政编码\n231100\n气候条件\n亚热带季风性湿润气候\n人口数量\n79.2 万(2021年常住人口)\n火车站\n水家湖站，合肥北城站\n车牌代码\n皖A\n地区生产总值\n761.94 亿元(2021年)\n人均生产总值\n93922元（2021年）\n \n同义词\n长丰（合肥市下辖县）一般指长丰县\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n长丰县历史沿革\n\n请问长丰县位于中国的哪个省份？", - "你好，Human！长丰县位于中国的安徽省，具体隶属于合肥市。它位于安徽省中部，合肥市北部。希望这个回答能帮助您更好地了解长丰县的位置。如果您有关于长丰县的其他问题，请随时提问！" + "长丰县位于中国的安徽省，具体隶属于合肥市。它位于安徽省中部，合肥市北部。希望这个回答能帮助您更好地了解长丰县的位置。如果您有关于长丰县的其他问题，请随时提问！" ], [ "长丰县的气候条件是怎样的？", @@ -1125,7 +1125,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哈利·波特与死亡圣器英美2010年大卫·叶慈导演魔幻片\n《哈利·波特与死亡圣器》（是由大卫·叶慈执导，丹尼尔·雷德克里夫等人主演的一部魔幻片。影片根据英国女作家J.K.罗琳创作的哈利·波特系列小说的第7部改编，讲述了死亡圣器和哈利波特的故事。影片上部于2010年11月19日上映，下部于2011年07月15日上映。\n中文名\n哈利·波特与死亡圣器\n外文名\nHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\n其他译名\n哈利波特－死神的圣物\n类 型\n冒险、魔幻\n出品公司\n美国华纳兄弟影片公司\n制片地区\n美国、英国\n拍摄日期\n2009年2月19日 ~ 2010年4月10日\n拍摄地点\n英国\n发行公司\n华纳兄弟\n导 演\n大卫·叶慈 David Yates\n编 剧\nJ·K·罗琳（小说）史蒂芬‧克罗夫斯（剧本）\n制片人\n大卫·海曼 David Heyman\n主 演\n丹尼尔·雷德克里夫、艾玛·沃特森、鲁伯特·格林特、拉尔夫·费因斯、艾伦·里克曼、海伦娜·伯翰·卡特\n片 长\n上部：144分钟下部：130分钟\n上映时间\n上部上映时间：2010年11月19日 下部上映时间：2011年07月15日\n票 房\n上部：9.6亿美元 下部：13.41亿美元 <全球>\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\n电影分级\nPG-13\nimdb编码\n0926084\n \n基本信息\n \n哈利·波特与死亡圣器剧情简介 \n哈利·波特与死亡圣器上部\n\n请问《哈利·波特与死亡圣器》是根据哪部小说改编的？", - "你好，Human！《哈利·波特与死亡圣器》是根据英国女作家J.K.罗琳创作的哈利·波特系列小说的第7部改编的。这部电影由大卫·叶慈执导，丹尼尔·雷德克里夫等人主演。它讲述了死亡圣器和哈利波特的故事。" + "《哈利·波特与死亡圣器》是根据英国女作家J.K.罗琳创作的哈利·波特系列小说的第7部改编的。这部电影由大卫·叶慈执导，丹尼尔·雷德克里夫等人主演。它讲述了死亡圣器和哈利波特的故事。" ], [ "电影分成上下两部，它们分别在什么时候上映的？", @@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@ "history": [ [ "北京未来城学校北京市昌平区的一家民办非企业单位\n北京未来城学校是北京市昌平区的一家民办非企业单位。\n中文名\n北京未来城学\n创办时间\n2019年4月17日\n办学性质\n民办学校\n主管部门\n北京市昌平区教育委员会\n地 址\n北京市昌平区未来科学城英才北三街16号院16号楼1107室\n 基本概况北京未来城学校，成立于2019年4月17日，位于北京市昌平区未来科学城英才北三街16号院16号楼1107室 ，是北京市昌平区教育委员会 主管的、昌平区民政局登记管理的一个民办非企业单位，负责小学、初中、高中教育 。\n\n请问北京未来城学校的创办时间是什么时候？", - "你好，Human！北京未来城学校的创办时间是2019年4月17日。这个学校是一家民办非企业单位，位于北京市昌平区未来科学城英才北三街16号院16号楼1107室。" + "北京未来城学校的创办时间是2019年4月17日。这个学校是一家民办非企业单位，位于北京市昌平区未来科学城英才北三街16号院16号楼1107室。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。这所学校是由哪个部门主管的呢？", @@ -2816,7 +2816,7 @@ "history": [ [ "花红\n花红（学名： Nakai），是一种蔷薇科、苹果属植物，落叶小乔木，叶卵形或椭圆形，花粉红色。老枝暗紫褐色，无毛，有稀疏浅色皮孔；冬芽卵形，先端急尖，初时密被柔毛，逐渐脱落，灰红色。果实球形，黄绿色带微红，果皮脆而韧，果肉黄白色，有清香味，花期4-5月，果期8-9月。主要分布于中国内蒙古、辽宁、河北、河南、山东、山西、陕西、甘肃等地。生长于海拔50-2800米的山坡阳处、平原砂地。\n花红可加工制成果干、果丹皮或酿酒；\n叶卵形或椭圆形，呈黄色或淡红色，香艳可爱，为花果观赏树木。\n（概述图参考资料来源：\n）\n别 名\n小苹果、沙果、文林郎果、智慧果、林檎\n中文学名\n花红\n拉丁学名\nNakai\n界\n植物界\n门\n被子植物门\n纲\n双子叶植物纲\n亚 纲\n原始花被亚纲\n目\n蔷薇目\n亚 目\n蔷薇亚目\n科\n蔷薇科\n亚 科\n苹果亚科\n属\n苹果属\n亚 属\n仁果亚属\n种\n花红\n命名者及年代\nNakai.，1815\n \n同义词\n柰子一般指花红（蔷薇科苹果属植物）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n花红形态特征 \n花红为苹果属小乔木，高4-6米；小枝粗壮，圆柱形，嫩枝密被柔毛，老枝暗紫褐色，无毛，有稀疏浅色皮孔；冬芽卵形，先端急尖，初时密被柔毛，逐渐脱落，灰红色。叶片卵形或椭圆形，长5-11厘米，宽4-5.5厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，基部圆形或宽楔形，边缘有细锐锯齿，上面有短柔毛，逐渐脱落，下面密被短柔毛；叶柄长1.5-5厘米，具短柔毛；托叶小，膜质，披针形，早落。伞房花序，具花4-7朵，集生在小枝顶端；花梗长1.5-2厘米，密被柔毛；花直径3-4厘米；萼筒钟状，外面密被柔毛；萼片三角披针形，长4-5毫米，先端渐尖，全缘，内外两面密被柔毛，萼片比萼筒稍长；花瓣倒卵形或长圆倒卵形，长8-13毫米，宽4-7毫米，基部有短爪，淡粉色；雄蕊17-20，花丝长短不等，比花瓣短；花柱4（-5），基部具长绒毛，比雄蕊较长。果实卵形或近球形，直径4-5厘米，黄色或红色，先端渐狭，不具隆起，基部陷入，宿存萼肥厚隆起。花期4-5月，果期8-9月。\n花红产地生境 \n分布于中国安徽、蒙古、辽宁、河北、河南、山东、山西、陕西、甘肃、湖北、湖南、四川、贵州、云南、新疆。生长于海拔50-2800米的山坡阳处、平原砂地。\n喜光，耐寒，耐干旱，也能耐一定的水湿和盐碱。\n花红繁殖方法\n\n请问花红的学名是什么？", - "你好，Human！花红的学名是Nakai。这是一种蔷薇科、苹果属的植物。如果你有其他关于花红的问题，请随时向我提问。" + "花红的学名是Nakai。这是一种蔷薇科、苹果属的植物。如果你有其他关于花红的问题，请随时向我提问。" ], [ "花红的主要产地和生长环境是什么样的？", @@ -2908,7 +2908,7 @@ "history": [ [ "军事管理区\n军事管理区是指设有较重要军事设施或者军事设施具有较大危险因素，需要国家采取特殊措施加以保护，依照法定程序和标准划定的军事区域。\n一般包括基层部队、机关、训练场、军事院校等区域。\n中文名\n军事管理区\n外文名\nMilitary Control Area\n拼 音\njūnshì guǎnlǐ qū\n原 因\n设有较重要军事设施或者军事设施具有较大危险因素\n范 围\n包括基层部队、机关、训练场、军事院校等区域\n \n军事管理区法律条文 \n《中华人民共和国军事设施保护法实施办法》\n第二章第八条规定，军事禁区、军事管理区的确定及其范围的划定，以及军事禁区外围安全控制范围的划定，依照军事设施保护法和国务院、中央军事委员会的有关规定办理。第二章第十条规定，在水域军事管理区内，禁止建筑、设置非军事设施，禁止从事水产养殖；从事捕捞或者其他活动，不得影响军用舰船的行动。第二章第十一条规定，划为军事管理区的军民合用港口的水域，实行军地分区管理；在地方管理的水域内需要新建非军事设施的，必须事先征得有关军事设施管理单位的同意。\n第二章第十二条规定，军事禁区、军事管理区应当设立标志牌。标志牌的样式、质地和规格由省、自治区、直辖市军事设施保护委员会规定，标志牌由县级以上地方人民政府负责设立。水域军事禁区、军事管理区的范围难以在实际水域设置界线标志或者障碍物表示的，由当地交通、渔业行政主管部门共同向社会公告，并由测绘主管部门在海图上标明。\n军事管理区保障作用 \n《中华人民共和国军事设施保护法》第一章第一条规定，为了保护军事设施的安全，保障军事设施的使用效能和军事活动的正常进行，加强国防现代化建设，巩固国防，抵御侵略，根据宪法，制定本法。\n军事管理区包括军队部门（如基层部队、机关、训练场、军事院校等）所在区域。人员进出军事管理区受限，不得随意出入，因为这涉及到军营工作、训练、生活秩序及军事机密、国家军队财产安全的问题。总体说国家划定军事管理区就是为了军队与国防更好的不受外界的影响的发展。\n军事管理区军事禁区 \n军事设施保护法所称军事禁区，是指设有重要军事设施或者军事设施具有重大危险因素，需要国家采取特殊措施加以重点保护，依照法定程序和标准划定的军事区域。军事禁区和军事管理区由国务院和中央军事委员会确定，或者由军区根据国务院和中央军事委员会的规定确定。\n\n我想知道什么是军事管理区？", - "你好，Human。军事管理区指的是设有较重要军事设施或者军事设施具有较大危险因素的区域，需要国家采取特殊措施加以保护。这些区域通常包括基层部队、机关、训练场、军事院校等。为了保护军事设施的安全，保障军事设施的使用效能和军事活动的正常进行，加强国防现代化建设，巩固国防，抵御侵略，国家依据法律制定了军事管理区。" + "军事管理区指的是设有较重要军事设施或者军事设施具有较大危险因素的区域，需要国家采取特殊措施加以保护。这些区域通常包括基层部队、机关、训练场、军事院校等。为了保护军事设施的安全，保障军事设施的使用效能和军事活动的正常进行，加强国防现代化建设，巩固国防，抵御侵略，国家依据法律制定了军事管理区。" ], [ "军事管理区和军事禁区有什么区别？", @@ -3172,7 +3172,7 @@ "history": [ [ "陈泽华新疆法制报原首席记者\n陈泽华（1975年4月4日-2021年2月24日），男，新疆维吾尔自治区昌吉回族自治州木垒哈萨克自治县人，毕业于中国人民大学新疆新闻本科函授班。生前为新疆法制报首席记者。2021年2月24日不幸突发疾病，与世长辞，年仅46岁。\n中文名\n陈泽华\n籍 贯\n新疆维吾尔自治区昌吉回族自治州木垒哈萨克自治县\n出生日期\n1975年4月4日\n逝世日期\n2021年2月24日\n \n陈泽华人物经历 \n2001年进入新疆法制报社工作。生前任报社首席记者。\n陈泽华所获荣誉 \n多次获新疆新闻奖、全国政法好新闻奖等各类新闻奖项。\n\n你好，我是在查阅关于陈泽华的信息。他是新疆法制报的首席记者，对吧？", - "你好，Human！是的，陈泽华曾是新疆法制报的首席记者。他在2001年进入新疆法制报社工作。" + "是的，陈泽华曾是新疆法制报的首席记者。他在2001年进入新疆法制报社工作。" ], [ "能告诉我一下陈泽华的个人经历吗？", @@ -3535,7 +3535,7 @@ "history": [ [ "富力城\n本项目位于包头市九原区会展中心以南，建华南路与万青路交汇处以南的8宗规划土地中的5#地块内，5#地块介于纬三路、纬四路之间，东临包头市广电局，西距规划地铁站约200米。项目开发内容为高档住宅，地上面积21.13万㎡，地下建筑面积7.14万㎡，5#小区居住用户为1620户，总人口约5184。\n中文名\n富力城\n开发商\n包头市富力房地产开发有限公司\n所在区域\n包头市九原区\n产权年限\n70年\n \n富力城基本信息 \n所在区域：九原区物业类别：住宅建筑类别：高层装修状况：首期精装容 积 率：3绿 化 率：35%开盘时间：预计2014年6\n月物业公司：北京恒富物业公司\n产权年限：70开 发 商：包头市富力房地产开发有限公司楼层状况：12栋24层高层住宅组成，共计1620户项目特色：城市综合体售楼地址：包头市建华路国际会展中心南100米 东河大红门服装城北门中庭 昆区维多利中庭西侧富力地产城市会客厅物业地址：包头市建华路国际会展中心南100米\n富力城项目简介 \n本项目位于包头市九原区会展中心以南，建华南路与万青路交汇处以南的8宗规划土地中的5#地块内，5#地块介于纬三路、纬四路之间，东临包头市广电局，西距规划地铁站约200米。项目开发内容为高档住宅，地上面积21.13万㎡，地下建筑面积7.14万㎡，5#小区居住用户为1620户，总人口约5184。\n富力城周边配套 \n教育：本案距沙河一小、沙河二小、沙河六小(九原重点小学)、包头三十三中、包头四十六中医疗：朝聚眼科医院、二0二医院、九原医院、平禄医院、红旗医院等多家医院休闲：项目北侧紧邻奥林匹克体育馆、亚欧高尔夫球场、西侧紧邻体育场、体育馆;文化：会展中心、包头大剧院、科技馆。\n富力城交通状况 \n公交线路：5路、10路、30路、23路、35路、47路公交车途经本案\n富力城车位信息 \n机动停车位：1669，非机动停车位：6179\n富力城交付标准 \n精装、市政统一供热、日立电梯、外围远红外幕帘装置、内部全方位智能门禁\n\n请问富力城的位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human！富力城位于包头市九原区会展中心以南，建华南路与万青路交汇处以南的8宗规划土地中的5#地块。具体来说，5#地块介于纬三路和纬四路之间，东临包头市广电局，西距规划地铁站约200米。" + "富力城位于包头市九原区会展中心以南，建华南路与万青路交汇处以南的8宗规划土地中的5#地块。具体来说，5#地块介于纬三路和纬四路之间，东临包头市广电局，西距规划地铁站约200米。" ], [ "这个项目是由哪家开发商开发的？", @@ -6294,7 +6294,7 @@ "history": [ [ "冷藏展示柜\n冷藏展示柜是一种用来给食品、药品等物品进行冷藏展示的器具。\n中文名\n冷藏展示柜\n类 型\n冷藏柜\n \n冷藏展示柜简介 \n常用于商场、超市、便利店等场所。可以给蛋糕、水果、蔬菜、鲜肉、药品等多种产品进行冷藏贮存。\n冷藏展示柜主要特点 \n1、冷藏展示柜材质更好。优质冷藏展示柜采用进口不锈钢板，板厚0.5或0.8毫米，全部蒸发管都采用优质铜盘管并处理成宽面异形。进口不锈钢板表 面光洁好，整板厚薄均匀，采用适当的厚度既保证使用寿命长久，又使冷藏展示柜外观平整结实。铜管比铝管或复合管的传冷效果好，耐腐蚀性更好，优质铜盘管具有管内洁净度高，管接头少的优点，可有效防止制冷系统内漏或堵塞的故障。将圆形管处理成矩形，使蒸发管与传冷的内胆接触由点接触变成面接触，扩大了传递面积，能加快制冷速度。2、冷藏展示柜商用大功率压缩机。优质冷藏展示柜全部采用商用型压缩机。商用压缩机除了启动性能好，并且制冷量从小到大规格齐全，能按产品不同要求做不同的配置。只有商用压缩机才能适应商用冷藏展示柜。使用环境恶劣、启动次数频繁、运行时间长久的特点，保证产品质量。虽然商用压缩机的价格比家用型压缩机价格高，但故障率却低于千分之二。\n冷藏展示柜用途及种类 \n冷藏展示柜用途\n适用于大型卖场、超市、便利店、酒店、宾馆的乳制品、肉制品、日配品、果蔬、饮品、水果、蔬菜、盘菜的保鲜展示和销售。\n冷藏展示柜分类\n冷藏展示柜按用途可分为：蛋糕冷藏展示柜、水果冷藏展示柜、鲜肉冷藏展示柜、药品冷藏展示柜等。\n\n请问冷藏展示柜是什么？", - "你好，Human！冷藏展示柜是一种用于食品、药品等物品进行冷藏展示的器具。它常被用于商场、超市、便利店等场所，可以为蛋糕、水果、蔬菜、鲜肉、药品等多种产品提供冷藏贮存。它们是商业环境中为了保鲜和展示商品而设计的设备。" + "冷藏展示柜是一种用于食品、药品等物品进行冷藏展示的器具。它常被用于商场、超市、便利店等场所，可以为蛋糕、水果、蔬菜、鲜肉、药品等多种产品提供冷藏贮存。它们是商业环境中为了保鲜和展示商品而设计的设备。" ], [ "冷藏展示柜有哪些主要特点呢？", @@ -6439,7 +6439,7 @@ "history": [ [ "他乡\n《他乡》是电视剧《我在他乡挺好的》的片尾曲，发行于2021年7月19日，由中国内地原创音乐人余佳运演唱，龙澍填词，段炼谱曲。\n中文名\n他乡\n所属专辑\n《我在他乡挺好的》 影视原声带\n歌曲时长\n4分8秒\n歌曲原唱\n余佳运\n填 词\n龙澍\n谱 曲\n段炼\n编 曲\n陈牧荻\n音乐风格\n流行\n发行日期\n2021年7月19日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n 歌曲歌词他乡 (完整版) (《我在他乡挺好的》电视剧片尾曲) - 余佳运\n词：龙澍曲：段炼编曲：陈牧荻制作人：段炼吉他：周坤贝斯：崔文正鼓：李彦超鼓录音师：姚坤鼓录音室：Rising Tone Studio弦乐编写：陈牧荻弦乐：国际首席爱乐乐团弦乐录音师：王小四弦乐录音棚：金田录音棚人声编辑：段炼混音师：卢楠母带师：卢楠混音/母带后期处理录音室：响鼓音乐制作统筹：李暨青监制：高航/大晶音乐制作：发条响/反正靠谱一天天 练习仍想问 长大的意义已忘记 蝉鸣挥手和汗迹夜半时 梦醒谁的理想 划过 城市缝隙才拾起 等团圆的日历故事重播折叠星星又落疲惫的肩呼啸地铁我看过蝴蝶脚下不曾旷野人生海海本似冒险拥挤楼宇遇鲸跃一天天 练习仍想问 长大的意义已忘记 蝉鸣挥手和汗迹夜半时 梦醒谁的理想 划过 城市缝隙才拾起 等团圆的日历故事重播折叠星星又落疲惫的肩呼啸地铁我看过蝴蝶乡音改 何处来我们都随地壳流浪时间会懂得每种倔强云无心鸟倦飞风伴暮霭盼世界晴朗我把故乡穿身上故事重播折叠星星又落疲惫的肩呼啸地铁我看过蝴蝶乡音改 何处来我们都随地壳流浪时间会懂得每种倔强云无心鸟倦飞风伴暮霭盼世界晴朗我把故乡穿身上\n\n请问《他乡》是哪部电视剧的片尾曲？", - "你好，Human！《他乡》是电视剧《我在他乡挺好的》的片尾曲。这首歌曲发行于2021年7月19日，希望这个信息对你有帮助。" + "《他乡》是电视剧《我在他乡挺好的》的片尾曲。这首歌曲发行于2021年7月19日，希望这个信息对你有帮助。" ], [ "能告诉我这首歌的原唱、填词和谱曲分别是谁吗？", @@ -6731,7 +6731,7 @@ "history": [ [ "抗抑郁药主治精神疾病的药物\n抗抑郁药（antidepressive drugs）是指一组主要用来治疗以情绪抑郁为突出症状的精神疾病的精神药物。与兴奋药不同之处为只能使抑郁病人的抑郁症状消除，而不能使正常人的情绪提高。抗抑郁药于20世纪50年代问世，在此前抑郁性疾病并无合适的药物治疗手段，常仰仗电休克治疗。20世纪50年代以后，抗抑郁药已成为抑郁病人的首选治疗手段，很大程度上取代了休克治疗，使需作休克治疗的病人数目大大减少。抗抑郁药是众多精神药物的一个大类，主要用于治疗抑郁症和各种抑郁状态。常见的第一代抗抑郁药物有两种，即单胺氧化酶抑制剂（MAOI）和三环类抗抑郁药（TCA）。由于新药发展很快，新药层出不穷，如万拉法星、萘法唑酮等，但仍以选择性五羟色胺（5-HT）再摄取抑剂为主，临床应用这类药物也最多最广。而某些抗精神病药如舒必利、抗焦虑药阿普唑仑、罗拉、丁螺环酮和中枢兴奋药哌甲酯的抗抑郁作用尚存在争议，故从略。\n中文名\n抗抑郁药\n外文名\nantidepressive drugs\n治 疗\n情绪抑郁为突出症状的精神疾病\n分 类\nMAOI和三环类抗抑郁药\n \n同义词\n抑郁药（抑郁药）一般指抗抑郁药\n \n抗抑郁药常见药物 \n抗抑郁药单胺氧化酶\n\n请你告诉我抗抑郁药的主要功能是什么？", - "你好Human！抗抑郁药（antidepressive drugs）是一类主要用于治疗以情绪抑郁为突出症状的精神疾病的药物。它们可以使抑郁病人的抑郁症状得到缓解，但不会使正常人的情绪提高。抗抑郁药被广泛应用于治疗抑郁症等各种抑郁状态。" + "抗抑郁药（antidepressive drugs）是一类主要用于治疗以情绪抑郁为突出症状的精神疾病的药物。它们可以使抑郁病人的抑郁症状得到缓解，但不会使正常人的情绪提高。抗抑郁药被广泛应用于治疗抑郁症等各种抑郁状态。" ], [ "抗抑郁药有哪些不同的分类？", @@ -7621,7 +7621,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哈啰\n《哈啰》是AGA演唱的一首歌曲，收录于专辑《aga》中。\n中文名\n哈啰\n所属专辑\naga\n歌曲时长\n3分43秒\n编 曲\n舒文/AGA\n发行日期\n2014年1月1日\n歌曲语言\n粤语\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n哈啰歌曲信息 \n哈啰 - AGA (江海迦)词：林夕曲：AGA编曲：舒文/AGA监制：舒文\n哈啰歌曲歌词 \n谁与我已去到末路却变了向你问路哈罗 哈罗你说要带我漫步我要报答你但是哈罗 哈罗这叫错爱全明白但是我扮糊涂能重生为什么不好被你欢喜怎么不欢喜你无道理为了一起不管钟不钟意我何苦放弃不再怕寂寞又是谁好运气我过去爱到要死既然牺牲不起不如爱你忘记过去我快乐吧勉强过你发现吧哈罗 哈罗这歉意你能承受亦像我扮糊涂情人好 做什么都好被你欢喜怎么不欢喜你无道理为了一起不管钟不钟意我何苦放弃不再怕寂寞又是谁好运气我过去爱到要死既然牺牲不起不如爱你我已很积极尽力以感情抚摸甚至假装真感动过但愿长此以往凭同情能结果被你欢喜怎么不欢喜你无道理为了不甘心给抛弃但求有人可一起跟你斗寂寞别问谁好运气我也会爱到要死既然知己知彼不如爱你\n\n请问《哈啰》这首歌是谁演唱的？", - "你好，Human！《哈啰》这首歌曲是由AGA（江海迦）演唱的。她在这首歌中展示了自己的歌唱实力。歌曲收录于专辑《aga》中，发行日期是2014年1月1日。" + "《哈啰》这首歌曲是由AGA（江海迦）演唱的。她在这首歌中展示了自己的歌唱实力。歌曲收录于专辑《aga》中，发行日期是2014年1月1日。" ], [ "这首歌的歌词和曲子都是谁创作的？", @@ -8803,7 +8803,7 @@ "history": [ [ "果蔬泥\n果蔬泥是将新鲜水果或蔬菜经清洗、捡选、打浆、调制、浓缩、杀菌等生产序而成产品，产品具有天然蔬果的独特风味，口感纯厚，营养丰富，可不经咀嚼直接吞咽食用。特别适合儿童及老年人食用，深受消费者的喜爱，是很有发展前景的天然绿色方便食品。\n中文名\n果蔬泥\n外文名\nFruit and vegetable mud\n产品类别\n方便食品、营养食品\n分 类\n自制和工业制作\n适宜人群\n婴幼儿\n \n果蔬泥价值 \n1998年和2011年我国进行的全国食物与营养监测表明,婴幼儿辅助果蔬等食品的添加，对婴幼儿生长发育有一定的辅助作用。中国科研工作者充分利用我国的自然资源，研究、开发和生产适合我国婴幼儿需要的辅助食品，提高我国婴幼儿的身体素质和健康状况。为此对婴幼儿胡萝卜泥、南瓜泥和番茄泥等辅助食品的开发进行了研究。\n果蔬泥制作方法\n\n嗨，请问果蔬泥是什么？", - "嗨，Human！果蔬泥是一种将新鲜水果或蔬菜经过清洗、捡选、打浆、调制、浓缩、杀菌等生产序制成的产品。它具有天然蔬果的独特风味、口感纯厚和丰富的营养，可以直接吞咽食用，无需咀嚼。果蔬泥特别适合儿童及老年人食用，是一种很有发展前景的天然绿色方便食品。" + "果蔬泥是一种将新鲜水果或蔬菜经过清洗、捡选、打浆、调制、浓缩、杀菌等生产序制成的产品。它具有天然蔬果的独特风味、口感纯厚和丰富的营养，可以直接吞咽食用，无需咀嚼。果蔬泥特别适合儿童及老年人食用，是一种很有发展前景的天然绿色方便食品。" ], [ "果蔬泥的营养价值是什么？", @@ -9273,7 +9273,7 @@ "history": [ [ "白杨\n《 白杨 》1936年8月15日在上海创刊，由白杨文艺社编辑、刊行，发行人是郑树森。月刊，属于文学刊物。该刊刊有许久、穆果、洪明、白絮、沙文、方玲等人的作品。这些作者大多是新兴的诗人或文学创作者。所设栏目不详。\n中文名\n白杨\n类 别\n文学刊物\n创刊时间\n1936年\n出版周期\n月刊\n 刊登内容该刊内容主要是散文、诗歌、小说等，其自诩“《白杨》是自由的，即使是寒冬的摧残降临了，也不会左倾或右倒”。刊有许久的《哈尔滨的眼珠子》、洪明的《打游击》、重敏的《中秋节》、严晓声的《歌德的一生：时代思想与环境》以及穆果的《绿纱窗外》等作品。这些文学作品的特色是通俗易懂，风格简练。严晓声在《歌德的一生——时代思想与环境》一文中认为一个人的思想与其所处的时代和环境有着密切的关系，歌德所处的环境也深刻影响了他的生活和思想。歌德出生之时的德意志是由许多小邦所组成的、并非统一的国家，毫无国家观念，各邦中最强大的普鲁士正是德国各民族的领袖。歌德的中年时代正是欧洲发生巨大变动的时候，最初是法国大革命，之后是拿破仑崛起，征服欧洲，歌德生逢国难。同时，卢梭与伏尔泰的学说正弥漫欧洲，伏尔泰攻击宗教迷信，卢梭主张打破宗教束缚，要求思想、言论和行动自由。歌德正是在这样的思想、文化环境中成长的，这些思潮对他的影响极大。十八世纪初，德国文学被欧洲轻视，因为他们的作品大多模仿法国，更表现了德国民众的散漫和文化的落后。后来，歌德等人创造了光荣的国家文学。接着，作者着重从“歌德的身世”、“恋爱生活”和“中年时代”三个方面进行了阐述。\n\n你好，请你简要介绍一下1936年的文学月刊《白杨》。", - "你好，Human！《白杨》是一本于1936年在上海创刊的文学月刊，由白杨文艺社编辑、刊行，发行人是郑树森。主要刊登内容包括散文、诗歌和小说等。在这本刊物上，一些新兴的诗人或文学创作者如许久、穆果、洪明、白絮、沙文和方玲等人的作品均有发表。这些作品以通俗易懂和简练的风格为特点。" + "《白杨》是一本于1936年在上海创刊的文学月刊，由白杨文艺社编辑、刊行，发行人是郑树森。主要刊登内容包括散文、诗歌和小说等。在这本刊物上，一些新兴的诗人或文学创作者如许久、穆果、洪明、白絮、沙文和方玲等人的作品均有发表。这些作品以通俗易懂和简练的风格为特点。" ], [ "穆果在《白杨》上发表过哪些作品？", @@ -9619,7 +9619,7 @@ "history": [ [ "陵园\n陵园，属墓地的一种安葬形式类型，随着时代的发展,现代的陵园建设要求向着景观化、艺术化、立体化、个性化、产业化的方向迈进。平潭东方麒麟园等优秀陵园，也陆续建成。中国的墓园在景观方面，自古受中国传统封建等级制度的影响，没能体现出中国的山水园林风格，在墓地的规划布局上也是非常严谨，中国历代帝王和臣民的陵墓规模和形式绝不相同，帝王陵墓规模宏伟，坚固耐久，构筑精美，所选的地理位置和环境也是景色幽雅，风景别致。\n中文名\n陵园\n外文名\nCemetery\n别 名\n园陵、公墓\n类 型\n墓地的一种安葬形式类型\n领 域\n建筑\n分 类\n皇陵园、特色陵园等\n \n快速导航\n全景图\n \n陵园简介 \n(1) [tombs surrounded by a park]：本指帝王或诸侯的墓地，今通称以陵墓为主的园林。也作“园陵”。(2) [cemetery]：公墓。\n陵园分类 \n1. 皇陵园：皇陵园是中国传统历史产物，它主要是以权利而形成。2. 特色陵园：它是指因为某一事件的发生，而形成的安葬或纪念地方。比如董存瑞烈士陵园，对越反击战牺牲云南麻栗坡烈士陵园，重庆歌乐山革命烈士陵园等等。3. 普通陵园公墓：它一般没有特殊要求，主要是安葬社会各界人去世的地方，根据国内国情，一般以安葬骨灰为主。普通公众陵园今后将成为陵园安葬逝者最多地方，全国市级城市均有，比如：重庆市龙台山陵园\n、龙居山陵园\n、南山龙园\n呼和浩特古林人文纪念园等等。4. 革命烈士陵园：为了国家解放和民族独立而奉献出生命的烈士专用墓园，用于爱国主义教育和勿忘国耻教育。5. 管理机构为民政部为主。\n陵园文化\n\n请问陵园是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！陵园是墓地的一种安葬形式类型。历史上，它本指帝王或诸侯的墓地，今通称以陵墓为主的园林，也作“园陵”。现代的陵园则包括皇陵园、特色陵园、普通陵园公墓和革命烈士陵园等。陵园的建设要求向着景观化、艺术化、立体化、个性化、产业化的方向发展。" + "陵园是墓地的一种安葬形式类型。历史上，它本指帝王或诸侯的墓地，今通称以陵墓为主的园林，也作“园陵”。现代的陵园则包括皇陵园、特色陵园、普通陵园公墓和革命烈士陵园等。陵园的建设要求向着景观化、艺术化、立体化、个性化、产业化的方向发展。" ], [ "中国的墓园有什么特点？", @@ -9695,7 +9695,7 @@ "history": [ [ "孤岛\n“孤岛”是汉语词语，意思是荒凉、没有人，且周围没有岛屿的小岛。\n中文名\n孤岛\n外文名\nisolated island\n拼 音\nɡū dǎo\n释 义\n周围没有其他岛屿的岛\n \n孤岛简介 \n明《巡抚登莱右佥都御史袁可立晋秩兵部右侍郎夫妇诰》：“壮孤岛之声实，恒使奋其长缨。”\n孤岛详解 \n1.远离陆地的孤立岛屿。 唐 王维 《送秘书晁监还日本国》诗：“乡树 扶桑 外，主人孤岛中。” 唐 赵冬曦 《陪张燕公登楼》诗：“孤岛轻雾里，行舟白波上。”2.比喻周围被敌占区所包围的地方。多特指第二次世界大战中太平洋战争发生前的 上海 租界。 郭沫若 《洪波曲》第一章一：“ 上海 成了孤岛之后，在抗战初期的宣传工作上起过很大作用的《救亡日报》，首先被迫停刊。” 巴金 《序》：“我居然在‘孤岛’上强为欢笑地度过了这些苦闷的日子。”原注：“指当时的 上海 租界。\n”\n\n请问孤岛是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！孤岛是一个汉语词汇，指的是荒凉、没有人，且周围没有其他岛屿的小岛。这种岛屿通常非常偏远，生活条件恶劣，不适宜人类居住。它们在地理上相对独立，周围没有其他岛屿，因此被称为“孤岛”。" + "孤岛是一个汉语词汇，指的是荒凉、没有人，且周围没有其他岛屿的小岛。这种岛屿通常非常偏远，生活条件恶劣，不适宜人类居住。它们在地理上相对独立，周围没有其他岛屿，因此被称为“孤岛”。" ], [ "孤岛在英文中怎么说？拼音是什么？", @@ -10264,7 +10264,7 @@ "history": [ [ "紫薯慕斯蛋糕\n紫薯慕斯蛋糕，顾名思义是使用紫薯作为慕斯蛋糕的原料，制作鲜美可口的蛋糕。颜色高雅大方，将紫薯过筛后口感细滑，加入朗姆酒，味道更佳香浓。\n中文名\n紫薯慕斯蛋糕\n外文名\nPurple potato Mousse Cake\n主要食材\n紫薯泥\n分 类\n甜品，蛋糕\n \n紫薯慕斯蛋糕所需材料 \n主料紫薯泥450g淡奶油420g蛋黄3个低粉70g蛋白3个辅料细砂糖125g牛奶270g葵花籽油25g鱼胶粉22g\n紫薯慕斯蛋糕做法步骤 \n1.原料： 海绵蛋糕底：鸡蛋2个，白砂糖30克，低筋面粉50克，色拉油35克。 紫薯慕斯馅：紫薯300克（过筛后），淡奶油250ml，白砂糖90克，牛奶200克，吉利丁片18克。 装饰：白巧克力50克左右，银珠少许，奶油少许，草莓。2.紫薯洗净去皮，上锅蒸熟，筷子叉透为熟。凉牛奶泡吉利丁片。紫薯打烂，过筛备用。3.海绵面糊打好，用锡纸包住花型穆斯圈，将面糊倒入。烤箱预热，180度，烤15分钟左右即可。出炉晾凉。将泡有吉利丁片的牛奶加热，慢慢搅拌，至吉利丁片溶化，加入紫薯泥，搅拌均匀。4.紫薯奶油糊搅拌均匀，开始打发淡奶油。将淡奶油倒入盆内，用电动打蛋器打至6成发，就是画出花纹不容易消失为止，加入紫薯奶油糊，搅拌均匀。5.紫薯奶油糊搅拌均匀，开始打发淡奶油。将淡奶油倒入盆内，用电动打蛋器打至6成发，就是画出花纹不容易消失为止，加入紫薯奶油糊，搅拌均匀。6.白色巧克力溶化，用勺子或者裱花袋挤在边缘位置，让它自由低落，形成滴柱模样。我这个用的是裱花笔，装的巧克力，小花部分是规则点上五个巧克力点，用牙签往里拉一下，拉出花心。中间放一粒银珠当花心。草莓小人：草莓顶部切掉，一分为二，裱花袋装上小圆孔花嘴，装上奶油，挤上个圈，粘上草莓底，再用花嘴挤上一个圆圆的脑袋，再粘上另一点草莓角，当帽子。用巧克力画出眼睛、嘴巴。帽子顶端挤上点白色的奶油点缀。\n\n请问紫薯慕斯蛋糕需要哪些主要材料？", - "你好，Human。紫薯慕斯蛋糕所需的主要材料有：450克紫薯泥、420克淡奶油、3个蛋黄、70克低筋面粉和3个蛋白。请确保准备好这些材料后，我们可以开始制作紫薯慕斯蛋糕。这些原材料是制作蛋糕的基础，为保证口感和味道，一定要按照比例准备。" + "紫薯慕斯蛋糕所需的主要材料有：450克紫薯泥、420克淡奶油、3个蛋黄、70克低筋面粉和3个蛋白。请确保准备好这些材料后，我们可以开始制作紫薯慕斯蛋糕。这些原材料是制作蛋糕的基础，为保证口感和味道，一定要按照比例准备。" ], [ "那制作紫薯慕斯蛋糕的第一步应该怎么做？", @@ -10535,7 +10535,7 @@ "history": [ [ "SONY Alpha 7S\nSONY Alpha 7S是索尼于2014年4月8日发布的一款全画幅微单相机。\nSONY Alpha 7S机身宽度约126.9毫米，高度约94.4毫米，厚度约48.2毫米；重量约为446克（仅主机）；配有黑色一种颜色。\nSONY Alpha 7S搭载有效像素约1220万有效像素的全画幅 Exmor CMOS传感器和BIONZ X处理器，感光度范围可达ISO100-102400，采用236万像素的电子取景器。\n中文名\n索尼 A7S\n外文名\nSONY Alpha 7S\n上市时间\n2014年4月8日\n所属品牌\n索尼\n产品类型\n全画幅微单相机\n有效像素\n1220万\n快门类型\n电子控制纵走式焦平面快门\n镜头卡口\n索尼E卡口\n \n同义词\n索尼a7S一般指SONY Alpha 7S\n \nSONY Alpha 7S产品沿革 \n2014年4月8日，索尼在2014年美国广播电视及设备展览会正式发布SONY Alpha 7S。\n2014年4月25日，索尼在北京正式发布了α系列全画幅微单新品SONY Alpha 7S。\n2016年7月，索尼发布了适用于SONY Alpha 7S的新固件 ，固件版本为V3.20。\nSONY Alpha 7S外观特色 \n外观尺寸SONY Alpha 7S外观上以直线条为主，机身宽度约126.9毫米，高度约94.4毫米，厚度约48.2毫米。\n颜色重量SONY Alpha 7S重量约为446克（仅主机）；配有黑色一种颜色。 \n \n \n \n相机外观图\nSONY Alpha 7S配置参数\n\n请问SONY Alpha 7S是什么时候发布的？", - "你好，Human。SONY Alpha 7S是索尼在2014年4月8日发布的一款全画幅微单相机。这款相机以其优秀的性能和轻便的设计受到了广泛关注。" + "SONY Alpha 7S是索尼在2014年4月8日发布的一款全画幅微单相机。这款相机以其优秀的性能和轻便的设计受到了广泛关注。" ], [ "这款相机的尺寸和重量是多少？", @@ -10600,7 +10600,7 @@ "history": [ [ "流星雨\n流星雨是在夜空中有许多的流星从天空中一个所谓的辐射点发射出来的天文现象。这些流星是宇宙中被称为流星体的碎片，在平行的轨道上运行时以极高速度投射进入地球大气层的流束。大部分的流星体都比沙砾还要小，因此几乎所有的流星体都会在大气层内被销毁，不会击中地球的表面；能够撞击到地球表面的碎片称为陨石。数量特别庞大或表现不寻常的流星雨会被称为“流星突出”或“流星暴”，可能每小时出现的流星会超过1,000颗以上。\n2018年10月21日至22日日出前，猎户座流星雨将迎来极大。\n2021年最后一场大流星雨将于12月14日绽放夜空，预计每小时流星数量最多可达150颗。\n中文名\n流星雨\n外文名\nMeteor Shower\n命名时间\n2009年\n发现时间\n1890年\n发现者\n罗伯特·麦克诺特、David Asher、Esko Lyytinen\n \n流星雨命名 \n国际天文联会在2007年定下命名规则\n属下的第22委员会由2009年开始确认决定了的流星雨名字。流星雨会以高峰期最靠近辐射点的星座，如有需要，加上希腊或罗马字母名称的亮星来标定流星雨的名字，并且将拉丁文所有格星座名称的字尾修改或者加上 id 或 ids 来称呼，\n如：id 是用于复合（Complex）来源的流星群（shower group），如果超过一组来源，再在 Complex 前加上大写罗马数字 I、II 来细分。例如：牧夫-北冕座流星群（00332 BCB = Bootid-Coronae Borealid Complex），由 321/TCB, 322/LBO, 323/XCB 三个流星雨来源组成；船尾-船帆座第一组流星群（00255 PUV = Puppid-Velid I Complex），船尾-船帆座第二组流星群（00039 VEL = Puppid-Velid II Complex），ids 是用于单独来源的流星雨，例如：英仙座流星雨（00007 PER = Perseids）；辐射点靠近白羊座δ星的流星雨，会称为白羊座δ流星雨（00631 DAT = delta Arietids）。\n流星雨和流星群的名称不可以互换，完全相同的星座名称只能属于其中一类，不会两者兼备。国际天文联合会有一个专责的任务工作小组负责追踪流星和建立流星资料中心，\n\n请问流星雨是什么？它们是怎么产生的？", - "你好，Human！流星雨是一种天文现象，当许多流星从天空中一个辐射点发射出来时，就形成了流星雨。这些流星实际上是宇宙中的小碎片，被称为流星体。它们在平行的轨道上运行，以极高速度投射进入地球大气层的流束。由于大部分流星体比沙砾还要小，它们几乎都会在大气层内被销毁，不会撞击到地球表面。而能够撞击到地球表面的碎片被称为陨石。" + "流星雨是一种天文现象，当许多流星从天空中一个辐射点发射出来时，就形成了流星雨。这些流星实际上是宇宙中的小碎片，被称为流星体。它们在平行的轨道上运行，以极高速度投射进入地球大气层的流束。由于大部分流星体比沙砾还要小，它们几乎都会在大气层内被销毁，不会撞击到地球表面。而能够撞击到地球表面的碎片被称为陨石。" ], [ "流星雨的命名规则是怎样的？", @@ -10684,7 +10684,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法律讲堂法律讲堂（生活版）\n《法律讲堂》生活版是中央电视台社会与法频道的一档法律知识类栏目，是服务当下的国家立法、普法，实用性强，秉承服务公民的实际生活需求、启迪生活智慧的节目制作理念，传播的是实用的法律知识，告诉观众遇到事情该怎么办，解决的途径有哪些，对现实生活具有一定的指导意义。\n中文名\n法律讲堂\n国家/地区\n中国\n类 型\n法律知识类\n播出频道\n中央电视台社会与法频道\n \n法律讲堂播出时间 \n \n节目截图(44张)\n 首播时间(生活版):每天18:50重播时间(生活版):次日9:24 周二至周六15:30\n法律讲堂节目目录\n\n你好，请问《法律讲堂》是什么样的节目？", - "你好，Human。《法律讲堂》是中央电视台社会与法频道的一档法律知识类栏目。这个节目的主要目标是服务当下的国家立法和普法。它具有很强的实用性，旨在满足公民实际生活需求，启迪生活智慧。节目传播实用的法律知识，向观众介绍遇到问题时如何处理，可选的解决途径有哪些，对现实生活具有一定的指导意义。" + "《法律讲堂》是中央电视台社会与法频道的一档法律知识类栏目。这个节目的主要目标是服务当下的国家立法和普法。它具有很强的实用性，旨在满足公民实际生活需求，启迪生活智慧。节目传播实用的法律知识，向观众介绍遇到问题时如何处理，可选的解决途径有哪些，对现实生活具有一定的指导意义。" ], [ "《法律讲堂》的生活版在什么时间播出？", @@ -10807,7 +10807,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中国科学技术大学软件学院中国科学技术大学下属学院\n中国科学技术大学软件学院成立于2002年3月，是国家教育部和国家计委首批批准设立的示范性软件学院之一。学院秉承该校在创新和进取中凝练出的“红专并进、理实交融”的校训和“我创新故我在”的教育理念，坚持“质量优异、规模适度、夯实基础、注重实践”，依托校计算机、数学、电子、通信和微电子学科的基础与专业基础课师资力量和丰富教学资源进行办学。同时，学院聘请海内外著名企业和大学的专家、教授授课，课程设置与国际接轨，课程内容面向软件市场和企业，强化实践教学，并提供优良的硬件条件和教学环境。\n中文名\n中国科学技术大学软件学院\n性 质\n国家示范性软件学院\n现任院长\n中国科学院院士陈国良\n院 长\n陈华平\n书 记\n尹红\n成立时间 \n2002年3月\n \n同义词\n中科大软件学院（中科大软件学院）一般指中国科学技术大学软件学院\n \n中国科学技术大学软件学院学院介绍 \n中国科学技术大学是国家教育部和国家计委（今国家发改委）首批批准设立国家示范性软件学院的院校之一。在著名高等院校设立国家示范性软件学院是国家发展的战略性规划，它对国家经济结构战略性调整起到了重要的促进作用，是国家赶超美国、爱尔兰和印度等国家软件业发达国家的重要举措。同时，示范性软件学院的办学模式、管理体制和运行机制也是我国高等教育改革和创新的一种尝试。成立于2002年3月的软件学院秉承该校在创新和进取中凝练出的“红专并进、理实交融”的校训和“我创新故我在”的教育理念，坚持“质量优异、规模适度、夯实基础、注重实践”，依托该校计算机、数学、电子、通信和微电子学科的基础与专业基础课师资力量和丰富教学资源进行办学。同时，学院聘请海内外著名企业和大学的专家、教授授课，课程设置与国际接轨，课程内容面向软件市场和企业，强化实践教学，并提供优良的硬件条件和教学环境。学院已与微软、IBM、HP、思科、阿尔卡特朗讯、中国科学院计算技术研究所和科大讯飞等许多国内外著名研究院所和IT企业建立了长期的合作关系，以不断改进课程设置和教学内容。学院在北京、上海、深圳、合肥和苏州等地的近50家知名软件企业和日本软件企业建立了实习基地，并与英国伯明翰大学合作办学，建立了联合培养软件工程硕士计划。在培养模式和教学方法上进行了大胆改革，以强化实践和外语能力，提高综合开发和管理能力。已逐步形成“高质量、重实践、厚基础、宽视野”的办学特色。 \n中科大苏州研究院(7张)\n\n你好，请问中国科学技术大学软件学院是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！中国科学技术大学软件学院成立于2002年3月。它是教育部和国家计委首批批准设立的示范性软件学院之一，代表着国家在软件领域发展的战略规划。" + "中国科学技术大学软件学院成立于2002年3月。它是教育部和国家计委首批批准设立的示范性软件学院之一，代表着国家在软件领域发展的战略规划。" ], [ "请问软件学院的校训和教育理念是什么？", @@ -12579,11 +12579,11 @@ { "instruction": "好的，谢谢你。我还有一个问题。以后如果我要了解其他印度教的神祇，你能帮我查吗？", "input": "", - "output": "当然可以，Human！作为一个聊天机器人，我会竭尽所能帮助解决您的疑问。不论是有关印度教神祇，还是其他宗教、历史、文化等方面的问题，只要合理且不违反道德、法律规定，我都会热情地为您解答。请随时提问，我会在这里等待回答您的问题。", + "output": "作为一个聊天机器人，我会竭尽所能帮助解决您的疑问。不论是有关印度教神祇，还是其他宗教、历史、文化等方面的问题，只要合理且不违反道德、法律规定，我都会热情地为您解答。请随时提问，我会在这里等待回答您的问题。", "history": [ [ "苏里耶印度教的太阳神\n苏里耶被尊重为神圣的活力给予者，他激发凡人的理解力，呼风唤雨，支配运动与静止的一切，甚至其他众神。他自己则按照固定的规律运行，他支缚住天地，使其以永久稳固。他是地上第一个献祭的人，把火种赐予人类，因此像天帝因陀罗和火神阿耆尼一样，被视为吠陀时期最重要的神。\n中文名\n苏里耶\n外文名\nSurya\n释 义\n印度教的太阳神\n被尊为\n神圣的活力给予者\n \n同义词\n太阳神（印度神话中的太阳神）一般指苏里耶\n \n苏里耶简介 \n苏里耶〈Surya〉印度教的太阳神。\n苏里耶神话传说\n\n我刚刚了解到苏里耶是印度教的太阳神，你能告诉我他是如何被尊称的吗？", - "你好，Human！苏里耶被尊称为神圣的活力给予者。因为他为凡人提供活力、激发理解力，拥有呼风唤雨的能力，甚至还支配着运动与静止的一切以及其他众神。他的能力和地位使他在印度教中具有极高的声望。" + "苏里耶被尊称为神圣的活力给予者。因为他为凡人提供活力、激发理解力，拥有呼风唤雨的能力，甚至还支配着运动与静止的一切以及其他众神。他的能力和地位使他在印度教中具有极高的声望。" ], [ "听起来很厉害！苏里耶和其他印度教神祇有什么特别的关系吗？", @@ -12766,7 +12766,7 @@ "history": [ [ "出生人口\n2019年1月10日，国家卫健委举行例行发布会，针对媒体热议的中国出生人口大幅下降问题，国家卫健委表示，全面放开二孩政策实行后，近两年我国二孩占新出生人口比始终保持在50%左右，二孩政策所产生的积极意义正在持续释放出来\n。截止到2020年12月31日，2020年出生并已经到公安机关进行户籍登记的新生儿共1003.5万人。\n国家统计局数据显示，2021年全国出生人口1062万人。\n中文名\n出生人口\n出生人口数量\n1003.5万人（2020年）\n \n出生人口相关数据 \n出生人口，中华人民共和国建立前，全省人口出生率一般在35‰以上。1953—1966年全省共出生2416.1万人，年平均出生人口172.6万人，年平均出生率为32.3‰，低于全国年平均水平。出生率最高的年份是1963年，为44.18‰；最低的年份是1960年，为19.5‰(详见附表)。全省城乡出生率有较大差异。总的讲，城市出生率低于农村。中国15—49岁育龄妇女规模2011年达到顶峰，之后一直是下降状态，相应的出生人口也进入下行通道。从2000年以来，每年出生人口约为1500—1800万之间波动。除了育龄妇女规模，育龄妇女的年龄结构、结婚情况等也会产生影响，2015年的数据显示，育龄妇女当中超过一半都在40岁以上。2017年全国结婚人数约为1063万，同比下降7%。近三年来，平均的初育年龄和平均生育二孩年龄都往后推了一岁。\n2022年1月17日，国家统计局发布2021年中国经济数据。年末全国人口(包括31个省、自治区、直辖市和现役军人的人口，不包括居住在31个省、自治区、直辖市的港澳台居民和外籍人员)141260万人，比上年末增加48万人。全年出生人口1062万人，人口出生率为7.52‰；死亡人口1014万人，人口死亡率为7.18‰；人口自然增长率为0.34‰。从性别构成看，男性人口72311万人，女性人口68949万人，总人口性别比为104.88(以女性为100)。\n国家统计局网站2月28日发布《中华人民共和国2021年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》，《公报》显示，年末全国人口141260万人，比上年末增加48万人，其中城镇常住人口91425万人。全年出生人口1062万人，出生率为7.52‰；死亡人口1014万人，死亡率为7.18‰；自然增长率为0.34‰。全国人户分离的人口5.04亿人，其中流动人口3.85亿人。\n出生人口历年数据\n\n请问2020年中国的出生人口数量是多少？", - "你好，Human！根据国家统计局的数据，2020年中国出生并已经到公安机关进行户籍登记的新生儿共计1003.5万人。这是一个官方的数据，可以作为参考。" + "根据国家统计局的数据，2020年中国出生并已经到公安机关进行户籍登记的新生儿共计1003.5万人。这是一个官方的数据，可以作为参考。" ], [ "能否告诉我2021年的出生人口数量？", @@ -12812,7 +12812,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小岗村\n小岗村隶属于安徽省滁州市凤阳县小溪河镇，位于凤阳县城东部25千米处，距宁洛高速（G36）凤阳出口15千米。是中国农村改革发源地，中国十大名村之一，国家AAAA级旅游景区\n，沈浩精神起源地。\n1978年，十八位农民以“托孤”的方式，冒着极大的风险，立下生死状，在土地承包责任书上按下了红手印，创造了“小岗精神”，拉开了中国改革开放的序幕。\n截至2018年，辖23个村民组，940户、4173人，村域面积15平方千米，其中可耕土地面积1.45万亩。2018年，小岗村实现集体经济收入1020万元；村民人均可支配收入21020元\n。小岗村获得全国重点文物保护单位\n，中国幸福村，中国乡村红色遗产名村，全国红色旅游经典景区，全国旅游名村，全国干部教育培训基地，全国研学旅游示范基地，中国美丽休闲乡村，中国国内知名的特色小镇，全国大学生假期社会实践教育基地等荣誉。 2021年11月10日，被农业农村部推介为2021年全国乡村特色产业亿元村。 列入农业农村部公布的2010-2017年中国美丽休闲乡村监测合格名单。\n中文名\n小岗村\n外文名\nXiaogang village\n别 名\n中国农村改革第一村\n行政区类别\n行政村\n所属地区\n中国华东安徽省凤阳县小溪河镇\n地理位置\n凤阳县城东部\n面 积\n15 km²\n下辖地区\n19个自然村\n政府驻地\n安徽省滁州市凤阳县友谊大道\n电话区号\n0550\n邮政区码\n233124\n气候条件\n亚热带季风气候\n人口数量\n4173人（2018年）\n著名景点\n大包干纪念馆、当年农家、沈浩同志先进事迹陈列馆、小岗村档案馆、沈浩故居\n火车站\n小岗村站（筹建）\n车牌代码\n皖M\n \n小岗村历史沿革\n\n你好，请问小岗村是中国农村改革的发源地吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，小岗村是中国农村改革的发源地。在1978年，十八位农民以“托孤”的方式，冒着巨大风险，立下生死状，在土地承包责任书上按下了红手印，创造了“小岗精神”，从而拉开了中国改革开放的序幕。这一事件具有历史意义，使小岗村成为了中国农村改革的象征。" + "是的，小岗村是中国农村改革的发源地。在1978年，十八位农民以“托孤”的方式，冒着巨大风险，立下生死状，在土地承包责任书上按下了红手印，创造了“小岗精神”，从而拉开了中国改革开放的序幕。这一事件具有历史意义，使小岗村成为了中国农村改革的象征。" ], [ "小岗村在哪个省份？离最近的高速出口大概多远？", @@ -13124,7 +13124,7 @@ "history": [ [ "牢笼\n《牢笼》是徐方舟 (CORE ONE)演唱的一首歌曲\n中文名\n牢笼\n发行时间\n2019-08-16\n\n请问你了解《牢笼》这首歌曲吗？", - "你好，Human！《牢笼》是由徐方舟（CORE ONE）演唱的一首歌曲。这首歌曲的中文名是“牢笼”，发行时间是2019年8月16日。请问有什么问题我可以帮您解答吗？" + "《牢笼》是由徐方舟（CORE ONE）演唱的一首歌曲。这首歌曲的中文名是“牢笼”，发行时间是2019年8月16日。请问有什么问题我可以帮您解答吗？" ], [ "能给我简要介绍一下歌曲《牢笼》的歌词内容吗？", @@ -13489,7 +13489,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中国海洋大学\n中文名\n中国海洋大学\n外文名\nOcean University of China\n简 称\n中国海大、海大（OUC）\n创办时间\n1924年\n办学性质\n公立大学\n学校类别\n综合类\n学校特色\n双一流（2017年、2022年入选）\n全国重点大学（1960年入选）\n211工程（1994年入选）\n985工程（2001年入选）\n卓越工程师教育培养计划（2011年9月入选）\n展开\n学校特色\n双一流（2017年、2022年入选）\n全国重点大学（1960年入选）\n211工程（1994年入选）\n985工程（2001年入选）\n卓越工程师教育培养计划（2011年9月入选）\n卓越农林人才教育培养计划（2014年10月入选）\n高等学校学科创新引智计划（2007年入选） 收起\n主管部门\n中华人民共和国教育部\n现任领导\n田辉(党委书记)、于志刚(校长)\n专职院士数\n中国科学院院士4人\n中国工程院院士5人\n本科专业\n83个\n硕士点\n一级学科35个\n二级学科194个\n专业类别25个\n博士点\n一级学科18个\n二级学科98个\n专业类别2个\n博士后\n科研流动站15个\n国家重点学科\n一级学科2个\n二级学科10个\n院系设置\n21个学院\n校 训\n海纳百川，取则行远\n校 歌\n《海大之歌》\n校庆日\n10月25日\n地 址\n崂山校区：山东省青岛市松岭路238号\n鱼山校区：山东省青岛市鱼山路5号\n浮山校区：山东省青岛市香港东路23号\n院校代码\n10423\n主要奖项\n国家技术发明一等奖1项（截至2020年12月）\n国家自然科学二等奖2项（截至2020年12月）\n国家科技进步二等奖11项（截至2020年12月）\n国家技术发明二等奖3项（截至2020年12月）\n知名校友\n罗荣桓、俞启威、庄孝僡、张致一、臧克家、管华诗\n知名教师\n文圣常、吴立新、冯士筰、李庆忠、李华军\n \n基本信息\n中国海洋大学历史沿革\n\n请问中国海洋大学是什么性质的学校？", - "你好，Human。中国海洋大学是一所公立大学，这意味着学校的运行主要由政府资助。这种性质的学校通常拥有稳定的财政支持，可以为学生提供良好的教育环境和资源。" + "中国海洋大学是一所公立大学，这意味着学校的运行主要由政府资助。这种性质的学校通常拥有稳定的财政支持，可以为学生提供良好的教育环境和资源。" ], [ "中国海洋大学是在什么时候成立的？", @@ -13665,7 +13665,7 @@ "history": [ [ "甜蜜派对\n甜品店乐团演唱的一首歌。\n中文名\n甜蜜派对\n歌曲原唱\n甜品店乐团\n \n甜蜜派对作品信息 \n所属专辑：甜品店乐团作词：杨锴 / 诸振豪 / 盛佳慧作曲：诸振豪编曲：诸振豪 / 蔡宁杰 / 陈贝尔\n甜蜜派对歌词 \n把烦恼都甩开跟着我尽情的摇摆把工作都抛开快来跟上我的节拍终于到了周末工作实在太累 太累上网睡觉看电影觉得生活毫无趣味出门逛街SHOPPIN怎么一个比一个贵想约会搞浪漫工资被提前消费买化妆品总是很贵想减肥越减越肥衣服鞋子再多还是觉得不对味就算烦恼有一堆K:女朋友的礼物再贵S:把所有问题都放下来参加甜蜜派对每个星期的第一天我最感慨为什么不能像一个小孩 唉一唉又得早起挤公交我的心情很忙乱上车卡位吃早饭还有小偷来捣乱无精打采想睡觉结果晚上还要加班一不小心上了个“开心”工资被减半上班的时候想读书 可是读书想上班午饭晚餐没规律怎么顿顿叫外卖电脑辐射太强大有痘痘了怎么办做牛做马被使唤和老板对着干Mixed Part:有太多TROUBLE TROUBLE砸烂它DOUBLE TROUBLE我爱抽Marlboro Marlboro我想去Santiago这就像是个DOUBLE DOUBLE PLAY DOUBLESo I can't believe it我已经受够不要再多责怪不是每个人都很坏把手都举起来大家一起跟上我们最后一拍\n\n能告诉我甜蜜派对这首歌是谁演唱的吗？", - "你好，Human。甜蜜派对这首歌是由甜品店乐团演唱的。" + "甜蜜派对这首歌是由甜品店乐团演唱的。" ], [ "这首歌的作词、作曲和编曲分别是谁呢？", @@ -13941,7 +13941,7 @@ "history": [ [ "淮北北站\n淮北北站（Huaibeibei Railway Station），原名坡里站，位于中国安徽省淮北市，由中国铁路上海局集团有限公司管辖，是淮萧客车联络线、淮宿蚌城际铁路的起始站。\n2014年12月30日坡里站开始改扩建。2017年7月坡里站更名为淮北北站\n。2017年12月28日淮北北站开通运营\n。截至2017年12月，淮北北站投资4000万元，站房面积3500平米，设计2个站台，4条轨道线路\n。站前广场占地面积约90000平方米\n。\n中文名\n淮北北站\n外文名\nHuaibeibei Railway Station\n投用日期\n2017年12月28日\n所属地区\n中国安徽省淮北市\n车站等级\n三等站\n主要线路\n符夹铁路、淮萧客车联络线、淮宿蚌城际铁路（在建）\n区域管理\n中国铁路上海局集团有限公司\n建筑面积\n3500 m²(截至2017年12月)\n站台规模\n2台4线(截至2017年12月)\n车站地址\n安徽省淮北市杜集区站前路\n \n淮北北站历史沿革 \n2014年5月，淮北至萧县北客车联络线和符夹线扩能项目，获中国铁路总公司和安徽省人民政府批复同意建设，线路在接入坡里站\n；12月，坡里站改扩建开工建设\n。2017年7月，坡里站更名为“淮北北站”\n。2017年12月，淮北北站开通运营\n。2019年11月，第二批电子客票应用推广工作启动，淮北北站告别纸质车票，迈入电子客票时代。\n淮北北站\n淮北北站建筑规模 \n截至2017年7月，站房面积3500平方米，共设计2个站台、4条轨道线路\n。站前广场占地面积约90000平方米\n。\n淮北北站价值意义 \n淮北北站的投入运营使淮北告别无高铁历史，作为淮北市的第一座高铁站，意义绝不仅只是缩短淮北与外界的时空距离，大大增强区域铁路运输能力，缓解当地客流运输紧张状况，还将对实现跨市领域的互联互通，助力淮北在皖北崛起中闯出新路，具有十分重要的意义\n。\n\n你好，请问淮北北站位于哪个城市？在什么时候投入使用的？", - "你好，Human！淮北北站位于中国安徽省的淮北市。它在2017年12月28日投入使用。" + "淮北北站位于中国安徽省的淮北市。它在2017年12月28日投入使用。" ], [ "这个车站是由哪个公司管理的？车站的等级和线路情况如何？", @@ -14565,7 +14565,7 @@ "history": [ [ "李贺唐代诗人\n李贺（790年—816年），字长吉。河南府福昌县昌谷乡（今河南省宜阳县）人，\n祖籍陇西郡。\n唐朝中期浪漫主义诗人，与诗仙李白、李商隐称为“唐代三李”，后世称李昌谷。李贺出身唐朝宗室大郑王（李亮）房，\n门荫入仕，授奉礼郎。仕途不顺，热心于诗歌创作。\n作品慨叹生不逢时、内心苦闷，\n抒发对理想抱负的追求，\n反映藩镇割据、宦官专权和社会剥削的历史画面。\n诗作想象极为丰富，引用神话传说，托古寓今，后人誉为“诗鬼”。\n27岁（一说24岁）英年早逝。\n李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人，\n有“太白仙才，\n长吉鬼才”之说。\n作为中唐到晚唐诗风转变期的代表人物，\n李贺与“诗仙”李白、“诗圣”杜甫、“诗佛”王维齐名，留下了“黑云压城城欲摧”“雄鸡一声天下白”“天若有情天亦老”等千古佳句。著有《昌谷集》\n。\n本 名\n李贺\n别 名\n李昌谷、诗鬼\n字\n长吉\n所处时代\n中唐\n民族族群\n汉族\n出生地\n河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）\n主要作品\n《神弦曲》、《雁门太守行》、《金铜仙人辞汉歌》、《昌谷集》等\n主要成就\n开创“长吉体”诗歌\n \n同义词\n诗鬼一般指李贺（唐代诗人）\n \n人物关系\n共1个相关人物 \n李晋肃\n父亲\n李晋肃（？—807），唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人。诗鬼李贺的父亲。 \n人物关系纠错\n \n李晋肃\n父亲 \n \n李贺人物生平 \n李贺宗室王孙\n母亲郑氏，生一女二子，长守昌谷。大女出嫁后，家境愈贫寒。李贺兄弟二人外出谋生，欲饱肌腹。“欲将千里别，特此易斗粟”（《勉爱行二首送小季之庐山》），凄凉之状，于此可见。李贺自幼体形细瘦，通眉长爪，长相极有特征。他才思聪颖，七岁能诗，又擅长“疾书”。相传贞元十二年（796年）李贺正值七岁，韩愈、皇甫湜造访，李贺援笔辄就写就《高轩过》一诗，韩愈与皇甫湜大吃一惊，李贺从此名扬京洛 。年纪稍长，李贺白日骑驴觅句，暮则探囊整理，焚膏继晷，十分刻苦。李商隐作《小传》云：“恒从小奚奴，骑巨驴，背一古锦囊，遇有所得，即书投囊中，及暮归，太夫人使婢受囊出之，所见书多，辄曰：‘是儿要当呕出心乃已耳！’”。贞元二十年（804年），十五岁的李贺就已经誉满京华与李益齐名了。\n\n你好，请根据提供的资料简单介绍一下李贺是谁？", - "你好，Human！李贺（790年—816年），字长吉，是唐朝中期的一位著名浪漫主义诗人。他与李白、李商隐共称“唐代三李”，后世称他为李昌谷。他出身于唐朝宗室大郑王的门第，但仕途不顺，因此热衷于诗歌创作。李贺的诗作具有丰富的想象力，引用了大量神话传说，并托古寓今。他的诗歌反映了藩镇割据、宦官专权和社会剥削的现象。李贺继屈原、李白之后，被认为是中国文学史上的又一位享有盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。" + "李贺（790年—816年），字长吉，是唐朝中期的一位著名浪漫主义诗人。他与李白、李商隐共称“唐代三李”，后世称他为李昌谷。他出身于唐朝宗室大郑王的门第，但仕途不顺，因此热衷于诗歌创作。李贺的诗作具有丰富的想象力，引用了大量神话传说，并托古寓今。他的诗歌反映了藩镇割据、宦官专权和社会剥削的现象。李贺继屈原、李白之后，被认为是中国文学史上的又一位享有盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。" ], [ "李贺的一些著名诗作有哪些？", @@ -14641,7 +14641,7 @@ "history": [ [ "太阳神古埃及神话中的太阳神\n在古埃及的不同时期，分别信仰不同的太阳神。包括：凯布利（早晨的太阳神），拉（正午的太阳神），阿图姆（黄昏的太阳神），阿蒙（原本是底比斯的主神，当底比斯成为全埃及的都城后，他便成为新的太阳神。后来和拉融合为阿蒙拉），阿顿（阿蒙霍特普四世的埃赫那吞改革时期的太阳神）。\n中文名\n太阳神\n出 自\n埃及神话\n包 括\n凯布利、拉、阿图姆、阿蒙、阿顿\n 人物介绍拉最初是埃及众多太阳神之一。随着古王国第五王朝（前26~25世纪）的强大，拉从赫里奥波里斯（希腊语“太阳城”）的地方神一跃为全埃及的神，从而取代了古老的创造大神阿图姆，位列九柱神之首。但其他方的太阳神并没有消失，而是和拉一起构成复合神。比如与阿图姆融合形成了拉—阿图姆，与阿蒙神形成了阿蒙—拉，偶尔也有把许多神的名字连在一起，如“拉—哈拉赫提—阿图姆—赫普里”。拉被认为是众神之父，是埃及的第一代国王，因此在埃及法老的徽章上都标明了“拉之子”的字样，如同中国古代的“天子”。传说拉每晚日落后进入天空女神努特的口中，第二天早晨又从她的阴门中重生。她同时也如此吞咽和再生着月亮和星辰，从而形成了昼夜。 \n埃及神话中各个太阳神(5张)\n\n我想了解一下关于古埃及的太阳神有哪些？", - "你好，Human！在古埃及神话中，太阳神有几位不同的形象。在不同时期，古埃及人信仰的太阳神有所不同，主要包括：凯布利（早晨的太阳神），拉（正午的太阳神），阿图姆（黄昏的太阳神），阿蒙（当底比斯成为全埃及的都城后的太阳神，后来与拉融合为阿蒙-拉），阿顿（阿蒙霍特普四世的埃赫那吞改革时期的太阳神）。" + "在古埃及神话中，太阳神有几位不同的形象。在不同时期，古埃及人信仰的太阳神有所不同，主要包括：凯布利（早晨的太阳神），拉（正午的太阳神），阿图姆（黄昏的太阳神），阿蒙（当底比斯成为全埃及的都城后的太阳神，后来与拉融合为阿蒙-拉），阿顿（阿蒙霍特普四世的埃赫那吞改革时期的太阳神）。" ], [ "拉神是怎么从地方神成为全埃及的神的？", @@ -15456,7 +15456,7 @@ "history": [ [ "常熟市第一人民医院常熟市第一人民医院\n常熟市第一人民医院是一所三级医院\n。\n公司名称\n常熟市第一人民医院\n总部地点\n常熟市\n经营范围\n医疗机构\n公司类型\n公立医院\n员工数\n833人\n医院等级\n三级\n \n常熟市第一人民医院科室设置 \n消化内科血液病专科内分泌专科心血管专科呼吸专科神经专科肾脏专科风湿免疫病专科\n常熟市第一人民医院医院地址 \n地址：江苏省常熟市书院街1号\n常熟市第一人民医院\n乘车路线：2路 黄河路--商城南路　经停医院前门5路 黄河路--商城南路　经停医院前门7路 黄河路--海虞北路　经停医院前门8路 海虞北路--海虞北路　经停医院前门9路 合丰村--南三环路　经停医院前门110路 花溪新村--龙腾　经停医院前门114路 海虞北路客运站--尚湖南入口　经停医院前门116路 黄河路--尚湖南入口　经停医院前门117路 海虞北路--尚湖南入口　经停医院前门\n\n请问常熟市第一人民医院是什么级别的医院？", - "你好，Human。常熟市第一人民医院是一所三级医院。三级医院是医疗机构等级中最高的级别，具备较高的诊疗水平和较完善的医疗设施，可以为患者提供全面、专业的诊疗服务。" + "常熟市第一人民医院是一所三级医院。三级医院是医疗机构等级中最高的级别，具备较高的诊疗水平和较完善的医疗设施，可以为患者提供全面、专业的诊疗服务。" ], [ "好的，谢谢。那么这家医院有哪些主要科室呢？", @@ -15672,7 +15672,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小海龟\n《小海龟》是连载于花语女生网的一部短篇美文类网络小说，作者是行走的小姐姐。\n中文名\n小海龟\n作 者\n行走的小姐姐\n类 型\n短篇美文\n连载平台\n花语女生网\n \n小海龟内容简介 \n我叫安妮，是一只从来没见过妈妈的小海龟，跟我一起下海的托尼告诉我，他见过我的妈妈，所以我一定是被妈妈遗弃了。我想问清楚妈妈的模样，一回头，却发现托尼消失在大海里了，一起消失的还有我的其他兄弟姐妹。我有点害怕，也很孤独，我想回到岸上，对大海有着莫名的恐惧，海浪叔叔好像看出来了我的胆怯，拍打着浪花不停的推着我向前。\n小海龟作品目录 \n小海龟\n\n请问这部《小海龟》的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human。《小海龟》这部短篇美文的作者是行走的小姐姐。这部作品是她创作的一部网络小说，讲述了一个小海龟的故事。" + "《小海龟》这部短篇美文的作者是行走的小姐姐。这部作品是她创作的一部网络小说，讲述了一个小海龟的故事。" ], [ "能告诉我这个小海龟的名字吗？", @@ -16164,7 +16164,7 @@ "history": [ [ "万达广场山东省滨州市万达广场\n滨州万达广场位于山东省滨州市滨城区西区黄河十二路以南，渤海十一路以西，\n它是万达集团全国第182座，山东省第13座的万达广场，也是万达第三代城市综合体。\n滨州万达广场占地面积97亩，总建筑面积9.6万平方米，\n地上四层，地下一层，集室内步行街，大型品牌超市、万达影城、家电卖场、特色餐饮、零售集合店、宝贝王、大玩家等多种业态于一体。万达广场项目将打造滨州城市新地标，商业新核心和休闲购物的新热点，进一步繁荣城区商业，提升群众生活品质。\n中文名\n万达广场\n所属商圈\n新城地标\n承建单位\n中国建筑第八工程局\n开业时间\n2016年12月30日\n总建筑面积\n9.6万平方米\n项目位置\n黄河十二路以南 渤海十一路以西\n投资商\n天津万达稳康企业管理合伙企业\n管理商\n大连万达集团\n \n万达广场项目简介 \n大连万达商业地产股份有限公司于2015年6月29日以1.2655亿在黄河十二路以南，渤海十一路以西拿地\n，至此万达正式吹响进驻滨州的号角。滨州万达广场项目于2015年8月份正式开工，据了解，滨州万达广场由中国建筑第八工程局承建，地块之上打造了约占地9.6万平方米的大型商场，\n拥有万达影城、宝贝王、婴贝儿、鼎龙健身、圣豪超市、大玩家、MJ Style等金牌主力店，万达广场步行街154户商户，合计226个知名品牌。 项目于2016年12月30日正式开业。\n滨州万达广场\n万达广场基本信息 \n项目单位数值总用地面积ha9.932规划用地面积ha6.501总建筑面积万平方米9.6地上（地下）面积万平方米9.0（0.6）容积率1.38建筑密度%43.11绿地率%10.00建筑高度m26.10停车位个750资料来源\n万达广场交通状况 \n106路，105路，17路，26路，29路，32路、81路可到达滨州万达广场。 \n万达广场周边配套 \n此地块周边配套完善，小区规模庞大，教育资源集中，麒麟阁、吉泰阳光、华清园、书香佳苑、锦绣城、大祥金廷公馆、安联风度柏林等等，新六中及清怡小学位于中间，形成环抱之势，综合体万达广场的进驻，无疑是渤海十一路上最重量级的嘉宾。\n万达广场项目建设 \n \n正在施工的滨州万达广场外景(3张)\n 中国建筑第八工程局于2015年8月入场建设。\n滨州万达广场于2016年12月30日正式营业。\n项目设计主力店6个43户，次主力店2个，步行街154户，\n\n请问滨州万达广场是在什么时候开业的？", - "你好，Human！滨州万达广场于2016年12月30日正式开业。如果你有其他关于滨州万达广场的问题，请随时提问。" + "滨州万达广场于2016年12月30日正式开业。如果你有其他关于滨州万达广场的问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "好的。滨州万达广场的总建筑面积是多少？", @@ -16340,7 +16340,7 @@ "history": [ [ "有期徒刑\n有期徒刑是我国刑法规定的刑罚的一种，指在一定期限内剥夺犯罪人的自由，实行强制劳动改造的刑罚方法。有期徒刑是我国适用面最广的刑罚方法，可谓名副其实的主刑。\n中文名\n有期徒刑\n外文名\nFixed-term imprisonment\n 定 义有期徒刑是我国刑法规定的刑罚的一种，指在一定期限内剥夺犯罪人的自由，实行强制劳动改造的刑罚方法。有期徒刑是我国适用面最广的刑罚方法，可谓名副其实的主刑。\n有期徒刑法条依据 \n有期徒刑《中华人民共和国刑法》的相关规定\n第四十五条　【有期徒刑的期限】有期徒刑的期限，除本法第五十条、第六十九条规定外，为六个月以上十五年以下。第四十六条　【有期徒刑与无期徒刑的执行】被判处有期徒刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子，在监狱或者其他执行场所执行；凡有劳动能力的，都应当参加劳动，接受教育和改造。第四十七条　【有期徒刑刑期的计算与折抵】有期徒刑的刑期，从判决执行之日起计算；判决执行以前先行羁押的，羁押一日折抵刑期一日。第六十九条　【判决宣告前一人犯数罪的并罚】判决宣告以前一人犯数罪的，除判处死刑和无期徒刑的以外，应当在总和刑期以下、数刑中最高刑期以上，酌情决定执行的刑期，但是管制最高不能超过三年，拘役最高不能超过一年，有期徒刑总和刑期不满三十五年的，最高不能超过二十年，总和刑期在三十五年以上的，最高不能超过二十五年。数罪中有判处有期徒刑和拘役的，执行有期徒刑。数罪中有判处有期徒刑和管制，或者拘役和管制的，有期徒刑、拘役执行完毕后，管制仍须执行。\n有期徒刑其他法律规定\n\n请问有期徒刑是什么？", - "你好，Human！有期徒刑是中国刑法规定的一种刑罚方法，它指的是在一定期限内剥夺犯罪人的自由，并实行强制劳动改造。这是一种适用范围很广的主要刑罚方法。" + "有期徒刑是中国刑法规定的一种刑罚方法，它指的是在一定期限内剥夺犯罪人的自由，并实行强制劳动改造。这是一种适用范围很广的主要刑罚方法。" ], [ "有期徒刑的期限是怎么规定的？", @@ -16897,7 +16897,7 @@ "history": [ [ "键盘侠\n《键盘侠》为黑岩阅读网签约作者“疾风文豪繁大人”原创作品，首发、独家签约于黑岩阅读网。\n作品名称\n键盘侠\n作 者\n疾风文豪繁大人\n创作年代\n2016年\n作品出处\n黑岩网\n文学体裁\n游戏\n \n键盘侠作品信息 \n【作品名称】键盘侠\n【作品作者】疾风文豪繁大人【作品类型】游戏【创作时间】2016年【作品状态】连载中【作品出处】黑岩网\n键盘侠内容赏析 \n我是一个职业喷子。我玩英雄联盟，从来都不是为了胜利。而是为了喷人。游戏可以输，队友必须骂！可是今天，我似乎是喷到了我惹不起的人？喂！在网上喷就喷。没必要真的顺着网线爬过来怼我吧？\n键盘侠作品目录 \n07-10 一、小姐姐\n07-10 二、会说话的人机07-11 三、葫芦娃07-12 四、勇敢的心07-13 五、认怂07-14 六、疑问07-15 七、虚惊一场07-16 八、凌迟07-17 九、困兽之斗07-18 十、启示07-19 十一、推理的结果07-20 十二、英雄神域07-21 十三、可怜虫07-22 十四、意外的收获07-23 十五、铁则07-24 十六、掠食者07-25 十七、计谋07-26 十八、狩猎时间07-26 十九、袭击者是个萝莉07-26 二十、千钧一发07-27 二十一、斩钢07-27 二十二、迟到07-27 二十三、文花语07-28 二十四、不眠九棺07-28 二十五、战斗练习07-28 二十六、光波07-29 二十七、收割刀07-29 二十八、叛徒的后背07-29 二十九、游戏公会\n\n我想了解一下《键盘侠》这部作品，可以给我简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human。《键盘侠》是一部由黑岩阅读网签约作者疾风文豪繁大人创作的游戏题材的作品，首发、独家签约于黑岩阅读网。该作品创作于2016年，目前仍在连载中。故事讲述了主人公是一个职业喷子，在游戏中喜欢喷人而不是追求胜利。但有一天，主人公可能喷到了自己惹不起的人，陷入了困境。" + "《键盘侠》是一部由黑岩阅读网签约作者疾风文豪繁大人创作的游戏题材的作品，首发、独家签约于黑岩阅读网。该作品创作于2016年，目前仍在连载中。故事讲述了主人公是一个职业喷子，在游戏中喜欢喷人而不是追求胜利。但有一天，主人公可能喷到了自己惹不起的人，陷入了困境。" ], [ "这个作品的作者是谁？", @@ -16987,7 +16987,7 @@ "history": [ [ "酸奶油芝士蛋糕\n中文名\n酸奶油芝士蛋糕\n主 料\n脆饼蛋糕，奶油干酪，鸡蛋\n辅 料\n白糖，香草精，酸奶油\n烹 制\n烤制\n \n酸奶油芝士蛋糕材料 \n 直径22.5厘米的成品脆饼蛋糕饼底1个，奶油干酪2包（225克），白糖200克，鸡蛋2个，香草精2茶匙，酸奶油230克\n酸奶油芝士蛋糕做法 \n1.烤箱预热到摄氏 165度。2.将奶油干酪与糖搅散， 逐个加入鸡蛋，并充分搅拌均匀。接着加香草精和酸奶油，最后倒在脆饼蛋糕饼底上。3.在预热好的烤箱里烤60-70分钟， 或直到轻轻摇晃蛋糕时它只是表面轻微水平方向略有晃动为止。用刀在蛋糕外沿划一圈，但不要把蛋糕从锅里取出来。放在台面上冷却后放入冰箱冷藏。完全冰凉后再从锅里取出即可。\n\n请问酸奶油芝士蛋糕的主要材料有哪些？", - "你好，Human！酸奶油芝士蛋糕的主要材料包括：直径22.5厘米的成品脆饼蛋糕饼底1个、奶油干酪2包（225克）、白糖200克、鸡蛋2个、香草精2茶匙和酸奶油230克。这些材料是制作这款蛋糕的基本要素。" + "酸奶油芝士蛋糕的主要材料包括：直径22.5厘米的成品脆饼蛋糕饼底1个、奶油干酪2包（225克）、白糖200克、鸡蛋2个、香草精2茶匙和酸奶油230克。这些材料是制作这款蛋糕的基本要素。" ], [ "能否告诉我酸奶油芝士蛋糕的制作方法？", @@ -17950,7 +17950,7 @@ { "instruction": "查理一世\n查理一世 (1288年—1342年7月16日）匈牙利国王（1308年—1342年在位）。匈牙利安茹王朝的创建者。他谦恭而虔诚将他的王国恢复到大国地位，并使之富足和文明。英雄广场的十四位君主中有他一席之地。\n中文名\n查理一世\n外文名\nI. Károly\n别 名\n夏尔·罗贝尔、Charles Robert\n国 籍\n匈牙利\n出生日期\n1288年\n逝世日期\n1342年7月16日\n主要成就\n匈牙利安茹王朝的创建者\n出生地\n那不勒斯\n \n查理一世主要事迹\n\n你好，查理一世是如何成为匈牙利国王的？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！查理一世出生于那不勒斯，原本是匈牙利王位争夺战的一个竞争者。在他的支持者的建议及亲属关系（查理一世的母亲是匈牙利国王安德鲁二世的女儿）的帮助下，他逐步巩固了对匈牙利的统治。1308年，他正式成为匈牙利国王。他成功地将匈牙利恢复为一个大国，使国家变得更富足和文明。在他的领导下，匈牙利安茹王朝开始了新的篇章。", + "output": "查理一世出生于那不勒斯，原本是匈牙利王位争夺战的一个竞争者。在他的支持者的建议及亲属关系（查理一世的母亲是匈牙利国王安德鲁二世的女儿）的帮助下，他逐步巩固了对匈牙利的统治。1308年，他正式成为匈牙利国王。他成功地将匈牙利恢复为一个大国，使国家变得更富足和文明。在他的领导下，匈牙利安茹王朝开始了新的篇章。", "history": [] }, { @@ -18052,7 +18052,7 @@ "history": [ [ "八十八佛五十三佛加三十五佛\n八十八佛是五十三佛加三十五佛。五十三佛名见《观药王药上二菩萨经》，是娑婆世界的过去佛。三十五佛出自《决定毗尼经》，是现在十方世界中佛。\n中文名\n八十八佛\n外文名\nEighty-eight Buddha\n三十五佛出自\n《决定毗尼经》\n所属宗教\n佛教\n \n八十八佛简介 \n八十八佛是五十三佛加三十五佛。五十三佛名见《观药王药上二菩萨经》，是娑婆世界的过去佛；三十五佛名出《决定毗尼经》，是十方世界的佛。这八十八佛都可以为众生作忏悔主，因此，人们可以向他们申述自己改悔过恶的愿望。法古时规定，念《大忏悔文》须行一百零八礼，现代则多跪诵而不礼拜了。“尔时药上菩萨，说是过去五十三佛名已，默然而住。尔时，行者即于定中，得见过去七佛世尊毗婆尸佛，而赞叹言：‘善哉!善哉!善男子，汝所宣说五十三佛。乃是过去久远旧住娑婆世界。成熟众生而般涅盘。若有善男子善女人及余一切众生。得闻是五十三佛名者。是人于百千万亿阿僧祇劫不堕恶道。若复有人能称是五十三佛名者。生生之处常得值遇十方诸佛。若复有人能至心敬礼五十三佛者。除灭四重五逆及谤方等皆悉清净。以是诸佛本誓愿故。于念念中即得除灭如上诸罪。尸弃如来。毗舍浮如来。拘留孙如来。拘那含牟尼如来。迦叶如来。亦赞是五十三佛名。亦复赞叹善男子善女人。能闻是五十三佛名者。能称名者能敬礼者。除灭罪障如上所说。”有如是大利益故，末学推荐各位网友有缘念诵。三十五佛出《决定毗尼经》，是十方世界的佛。\n八十八佛三十五佛\n\n我看到关于“八十八佛”的介绍，但我不太清楚这里面说的“五十三佛”出现在哪本经书里？", - "你好，Human！五十三佛名出现在《观药王药上二菩萨经》中，这些佛是娑婆世界的过去佛。这些佛可以作为众生忏悔的对象，因为他们在世时成熟了无数众生并最终成佛。" + "五十三佛名出现在《观药王药上二菩萨经》中，这些佛是娑婆世界的过去佛。这些佛可以作为众生忏悔的对象，因为他们在世时成熟了无数众生并最终成佛。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。八十八佛中的三十五佛又出自哪本经典呢？", @@ -18205,7 +18205,7 @@ "history": [ [ "苏莱曼\n苏莱曼，别名所罗门，是耶路撒冷伊斯兰教的宗教人物。\n中文名\n苏莱曼\n外文名\nسليمان اول\n地 区\n耶路撒冷\n宗 教\n伊斯兰教\n类 别\n宗教人物\n别 名\n所罗门\n\n我想知道苏莱曼是谁？", - "你好，Human！苏莱曼，别名所罗门，是耶路撒冷伊斯兰教的宗教人物。他在伊斯兰教中拥有很高的地位和声望。苏莱曼在阿拉伯语中的名字是سليمان اول，他活动于耶路撒冷这个地区。" + "苏莱曼，别名所罗门，是耶路撒冷伊斯兰教的宗教人物。他在伊斯兰教中拥有很高的地位和声望。苏莱曼在阿拉伯语中的名字是سليمان اول，他活动于耶路撒冷这个地区。" ], [ "苏莱曼为什么有别名所罗门？", @@ -18423,7 +18423,7 @@ "history": [ [ "时态\n时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式，在英语中有16种时态。\n中文名\n时态\n外文名\ntense\n形 式\n动词形式\n领 域\n英语语法\n \n \n一般过去时\n \n过去进行时\n \n过去完成时\n \n过去完成进行时\n \n一般现在时\n \n现在进行时\n \n现在完成时\n \n现在完成进行时\n \n一般将来时\n \n将来进行时\n \n将来完成时\n展开\n \n时态名词解释 \n下面就英语中常见的十种基本时态进行阐述，其它的时态都是在这十种时态的基础上结合而成的。在语法里，时或时态表示行为发生的时间和说话时的关系。一般分为过去式、现在式、将来式，通常也有与表示动作进行或终止的进行式和完成式等体貌一起相连用的情况。时态连同语气、语态、体貌和人称为动词形式至少可能能够表现出的5种语法特性。有些语言，没有时态的使用，如分析语的中文，但必要时，仍有时间副词的辅助。也有些语言，如日文，形容词的词形变化能表达出时间上的资讯，有着类似动词的时态性质。还有些语言，如俄文，一个单词就能表现出时态和体貌。\n时态种类 \n所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段，有完成状态、进行状态、完成进行状态或一般状态四种。由时和态结合，便形成下列十六种时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，一般过去将来时；现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，过去将来进行时；现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来完成时；现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来完成进行时．\n时态现在时 \n时态一般现在时\n\n你好，请问时态是什么意思？", - "你好，Human! 时态（tense）是一种动词形式，用来表示行为、动作、状态在不同的时间和方式下的表现。英语中有16种时态，它们分别是：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去完成进行时、一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等。时态区分了动词发生的时间，使得描述事物变得更为准确和丰富。在一些语言中，如中文，时态的使用较为灵活，而对于英语来说，时态的运用非常重要。" + "时态（tense）是一种动词形式，用来表示行为、动作、状态在不同的时间和方式下的表现。英语中有16种时态，它们分别是：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去完成进行时、一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等。时态区分了动词发生的时间，使得描述事物变得更为准确和丰富。在一些语言中，如中文，时态的使用较为灵活，而对于英语来说，时态的运用非常重要。" ], [ "能否详细介绍一下英语中的十种基本时态？", @@ -18721,7 +18721,7 @@ "history": [ [ "双氯酚酸钠栓\n双氯酚酸钠栓药品介绍和用途解释\n药品名称\n双氯酚酸钠栓\n是否处方药\n否\n运动员慎用\n是\n是否纳入医保\n否\n \n双氯酚酸钠栓产品介绍 \n【关键词】痛经；双氯酚酸钠；颠茄合剂；护理痛经是成年妇女常见的一种症状，导致痛经的因素是多方面的，但最常见的是子宫内膜异位症。痛经尚无有效的根治方法，及时、有效地镇痛成为首选的对症疗法。我科2003年2月至2004年4月采用双氯酚酸钠栓联合颠茄合剂治疗痛经63例，效果满意。报告如下。\n双氯酚酸钠栓资料 \n一般资料：选择门诊确诊为痛经患者95例,年龄13～45(28.0±3.0)岁，随机分为观察组（63例）和对照组（32例），两组年龄、性别、病情比较，均P>0.05，差异无显著性意义。\n双氯酚酸钠栓方法 \n方法：①治疗方法。对照组口服去痛片1片加颠茄合剂10ml，3次/d，连续2d；观察组采用双氯酚酸钠栓1粒纳肛加颠茄合剂10ml口服，3次/d，连续3d。②疗效评价。根据WHO疼痛Ⅳ级评定标准评定效果，Ⅰ级为完全无痛，Ⅱ级为轻度疼痛，Ⅲ级为疼痛能忍受，Ⅳ级为重度疼痛；治疗后达Ⅰ～Ⅱ级为有效;观察用药30min后出现腹部隐痛为胃部不适。数据采用χ2检验。\n双氯酚酸钠栓结果 \n两组镇痛效果及胃部不适发生率比较，见表1。表1两组镇痛效果及胃部不适发生率比较（略）与对照组比较*P\n\n请问双氯酚酸钠栓是用来治疗什么症状的？", - "你好，Human。双氯酚酸钠栓主要用于治疗痛经，这是成年妇女常见的一种症状。痛经的最常见原因是子宫内膜异位症。虽然痛经尚无根治方法，但及时、有效地镇痛是首选的对症疗法。双氯酚酸钠栓可以帮助患者缓解疼痛。" + "双氯酚酸钠栓主要用于治疗痛经，这是成年妇女常见的一种症状。痛经的最常见原因是子宫内膜异位症。虽然痛经尚无根治方法，但及时、有效地镇痛是首选的对症疗法。双氯酚酸钠栓可以帮助患者缓解疼痛。" ], [ "双氯酚酸钠栓是处方药吗？运动员可以使用吗？", @@ -19046,7 +19046,7 @@ "history": [ [ "恒星\n《恒星》是汪峰演唱的一首歌曲，由汪峰作词作曲，收录到2005年12月28日发行的专辑《怒放的生命》中。\n中文名\n恒星\n所属专辑\n怒放的生命\n歌曲原唱\n汪峰\n填 词\n汪峰\n谱 曲\n汪峰\n编 曲\n张亚东\n音乐风格\n摇滚\n发行日期\n2005年12月28日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n恒星歌曲歌词 \n不知道还要等多久以后 我们能不再哭泣不知道流多少眼泪以后 我们能笑对孤独我的心在沉沦破碎以后 不羁地跳动像一颗布满苔藓的恒星在每个寂静无声不眠的夜晚 独自闪耀不知道失去了多少以后 我们能不再痛苦不知道尝多少冷暖以后 我们能看破生命我的心在沉默等待以后 不羁地跳动像一颗布满泪水的恒星在每个无人喝彩不眠的夜晚 独自闪耀我的心在沉沦破碎以后 不羁地跳动像一颗布满苔藓的恒星在每个寂静无声不眠的夜晚 独自闪耀我的心在沉默等待以后 不羁地跳动像一颗布满泪水的恒星在每个无人喝彩不眠的夜晚 独自闪耀\n恒星翻唱 \n中国好声音第二季汪峰组9进4中，张恒远翻唱此歌，成功晋级4强。中国好声音第四季汪峰组6进4中，张鑫鑫翻唱此歌，成功晋级4强。2016年中国新歌声第一季导师对战中，周杰伦以及组内5强学员（低调组合、曾敏杰、向洋、周羽田、朴翔）翻唱此歌作为开场。\n\n请问你了解汪峰的《恒星》这首歌曲吗？", - "你好，Human！当然了解。《恒星》是汪峰演唱的一首歌曲，歌词和曲子都是由汪峰创作的。这首歌收录于2005年12月28日发行的专辑《怒放的生命》中。歌曲的编曲由张亚东负责，这首歌的风格属于摇滚，歌词以普通话进行演唱。" + "当然了解。《恒星》是汪峰演唱的一首歌曲，歌词和曲子都是由汪峰创作的。这首歌收录于2005年12月28日发行的专辑《怒放的生命》中。歌曲的编曲由张亚东负责，这首歌的风格属于摇滚，歌词以普通话进行演唱。" ], [ "恒星这首歌曲的歌词是什么呢？", @@ -19324,7 +19324,7 @@ "history": [ [ "华威城堡\n华威城堡，城堡最初由“征服者威廉”于1068年依河而建，有防御工事。相传阿尔弗烈德大王的女儿和征服者威廉都曾在此筑过堡垒要塞。\n中文名\n华威城堡\n外文名\nWarwick Castle\n建造者\n征服者威廉\n建造时间\n1068年\n 城堡最初由“征服者威廉”于1068年依河而建，有防御工事。相传阿尔弗烈德大王的女儿和征服者威廉都曾在此筑过堡垒要塞。14世纪时，古堡进行改建，石墙代替木栅栏，又增修许多角塔。塔内均有石梯直达塔顶，以便了望。17到18世纪，堡内装修成豪门贵族舒适的庄园宅邸。这里有城堡丘(Castle Hill)和圆塔(Round Tower)，而且有人居住。自1088年的亨利伯爵，还居住在城堡的盖伊伯爵，一共有42位伯爵曾住在Warwick Castle，包括圣女贞德的行刑人第十三代伯爵。因此，华威城堡集雄伟和豪华于—身。\n\n请问华威城堡是由谁建造的，建造时间是什么时候？", - "你好，Human！华威城堡是由征服者威廉（William the Conqueror）建造的，建造时间为1068年。城堡最初依河而建，用作防御工事。这个历史悠久的城堡见证了很多英国历史事件。" + "华威城堡是由征服者威廉（William the Conqueror）建造的，建造时间为1068年。城堡最初依河而建，用作防御工事。这个历史悠久的城堡见证了很多英国历史事件。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！城堡有经历过哪些主要的改变？", @@ -19343,7 +19343,7 @@ "history": [ [ "凝香\n凝香是《无敌县令》里面的人物，母亲本为皇帝最宠爱的柔妃，被皇后陷害，逃离皇宫失忆，在尼姑庵出生，习得一身好武艺，之后遇到杭铁生，两人相爱，经历重重困难，与皇帝相认，与杭铁生在一起。\n中文名\n凝香\n别 名\n凝香公主\n代表作品\n无敌县令\n父 亲\n皇帝\n母 亲\n柔妃 、忘姑\n爱 人\n杭铁生\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 角色形象人如其名，由王艳扮演《无敌县令》中忘姑之女，与母亲相依为命，来自于远离尘烟的尼姑庵，练就一身好轻功、和独门之打穴工夫，美若天仙、充满灵秀之气，性格极其单纯善良，为困扰母亲的痛苦「病情」，于是携母下山寻访就医，与铁生相识，后知道自己是公主。2002年电视剧《无敌县令》王艳饰演凝香\n\n请问根据这段介绍，《无敌县令》里的凝香是什么样一个角色？她的特点是什么？", - "你好，Human。凝香是《无敌县令》中的一位角色，她是皇帝与柔妃的女儿，被称为凝香公主。由于柔妃在逃离皇宫时失忆，凝香在尼姑庵出生，并与母亲相依为命。在尼姑庵里，她习得了一身好轻功和独门的打穴工夫。凝香美若天仙，充满灵秀之气，性格单纯善良。之后，为了治疗母亲的病情，她带着母亲下山寻医，在这过程中遇到杭铁生，并与他相爱。后来经历种种困难，她与皇帝相认，终于知道自己是公主，最后与杭铁生幸福地在一起。" + "凝香是《无敌县令》中的一位角色，她是皇帝与柔妃的女儿，被称为凝香公主。由于柔妃在逃离皇宫时失忆，凝香在尼姑庵出生，并与母亲相依为命。在尼姑庵里，她习得了一身好轻功和独门的打穴工夫。凝香美若天仙，充满灵秀之气，性格单纯善良。之后，为了治疗母亲的病情，她带着母亲下山寻医，在这过程中遇到杭铁生，并与他相爱。后来经历种种困难，她与皇帝相认，终于知道自己是公主，最后与杭铁生幸福地在一起。" ], [ "凝香在剧中为什么会遇到杭铁生？", @@ -19435,7 +19435,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西南财经大学\n中文名\n西南财经大学\n外文名\nSouthwestern University of Finance and Economics\n简 称\n西财、西南财大、SWUFE\n创办时间\n1925年6月3日\n办学性质\n公办大学\n学校类别\n财经类\n学校特色\n双一流（2017年、2022年）\n985工程优势学科创新平台（2011年） 211工程（1997年）\n2011计划（2012年） 省部共建大学（2019）\n展开\n学校特色\n双一流（2017年、2022年）\n985工程优势学科创新平台（2011年） 211工程（1997年）\n2011计划（2012年） 省部共建大学（2019）\n国家教育体制改革试点高校\n收起\n主管部门\n中华人民共和国教育部\n现任领导\n党委书记：赵德武、校长：卓志\n本科专业\n41个\n硕士点\n学术学位授权一级学科6个\n专业学位授权类别19个\n博士点\n学术学位授权一级学科9个\n博士后\n科研流动站5个\n国家重点学科\n二级学科4个\n院系设置\n28个学院（中心）\n校 训\n严谨 勤俭 求实 开拓\n校 歌\n《西南财经大学校歌》\n校庆日\n6月3日\n地 址\n光华校区：四川省成都市青羊区光华村街55号\n柳林校区：四川省成都市温江区柳台大道555号\n院校代码\n10651\n主要奖项\n全国大学生满意度50强高校\n全国毕业生就业典型经验高校（2013年）\n高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖一等奖\n国家级教学成果奖3项（2018年）\n省级教学成果奖22项（2018年）\n知名校友\n刘家义、尚福林、马蔚华、钟勉、袁野\n \n基本信息\n西南财经大学历史沿革 \n西南财经大学始于1925年在上海创建的光华大学。1925年6月3日，在“五卅”反帝爱国怒潮中，圣约翰大学及附中572名爱国师生脱离该校，拥戴张寿镛先生筹办光华大学；9月，光华大学举办首次开学典礼。校名取自“日月光华，旦复旦兮”（《卿云歌》），象征着复兴中华，反抗帝国主义割宰和奴役的革命精神。光华大学是一所设有文学院、理学院、商学院的私立综合性大学，其中商学院分设经济学、会计学、银行学和工商管理学四个系。\n\n你好，请问西南财经大学成立于哪一年？", - "你好，Human！西南财经大学成立于1925年6月3日。其前身是光华大学，当年在上海创建。希望这个回答对你有帮助。" + "西南财经大学成立于1925年6月3日。其前身是光华大学，当年在上海创建。希望这个回答对你有帮助。" ], [ "谢谢！西南财经大学的现任领导是谁？", @@ -19751,7 +19751,7 @@ "history": [ [ "锄头\n锄头，在河南一带又被称为“铩虎铲”，是一种我国传统的长柄农具，其刀身平薄而横装，收获、挖穴、作垄、耕垦、盖土、筑除草、碎土、中耕、培土作业皆可使用，属于万用农具，是农人最常用的工具之一。使用时以两手握柄，做回转冲击运动。其构造、形状、重量等，依地方依土质而异。\n中文名\n锄头\n外文名\nhoe\n别 名\n铩虎铲\n所属分类\n整地机具\n使用场合\n水田，旱田\n常见材质\n铁材、木材\n作 用\n耕种、除草、松土\n使用寿命\n约3年\n除草效率\n约0.05 ha/日\n耕垦效率\n约0.02ha/日~0.03ha/日\n \n锄头构造 \n锄头分为两部分，第一部分是“锄刃”，就是用来松土、除草的地方。锄刃形状是扁扁长长的，就像菜刀一样。也有些比较特别的，像是长方形、狭长形、梯形等等。“柄”是第二部分，是一根圆形木棍，常用硬木制成，用来装在锄刃的后面一个孔内来支撑锄刃，长短从八十厘米到一百六十厘米不等，但长的会比较方便，因为这样农人就不必把腰弯得特别低。锄头箍(eye)的构造为D形。 角度可以调整。锄头利用杠杆原理省力，但工作效程较低。\n锄头分类 \n锄头分为板锄、薅锄、条锄三种。\n锄头板锄\n宽20cm至30cm左右，高比宽略长。主要用于大面积的浅度挖掘。比如土地的松土翻种。\n锄头薅锄\n刀身宽大而锋利，有的略有弧度，呈月牙形。有的没有弧度，刃口平直。其高度小于宽度。较板锄略轻、略薄，有铁柄，用于与长木柄的衔接。 主要用于地表的铲掘工作。比如铲除地面的杂草，收拢地面散乱的谷物或沙土等。\n锄头条锄\n条锄刀身窄小，用于小面积的深度挖掘，常用于土质坚固的地方，也常用来挖掘埋藏在土壤里的块茎植物木薯、马铃薯、甘薯、山药、芋头、菊芋、半夏、甘露子（草石蚕）……等。\n锄头衍生文化 \n文学作品四时田园杂兴（其一）【南宋】范成大\n\n请问锄头在中国农业中有什么作用？", - "你好，Human！锄头是中国传统的农业工具，用于多种农田作业，如收获、挖穴、作垄、耕垦、盖土、筑除草、碎土、中耕和培土。它是一种非常实用的农具，适用于不同的土地和作物。" + "锄头是中国传统的农业工具，用于多种农田作业，如收获、挖穴、作垄、耕垦、盖土、筑除草、碎土、中耕和培土。它是一种非常实用的农具，适用于不同的土地和作物。" ], [ "能否介绍一下锄头的构造和材质？", @@ -20066,7 +20066,7 @@ "history": [ [ "醒目\n《醒目》是由孙英男作词，江晓晖作曲，牟凡、iFM演唱的歌曲，发行于2021年11月7日，收录于同名专辑《醒目》中。\n中文名\n醒目\n所属专辑\n醒目\n填 词\n孙英男\n谱 曲\n江晓晖\n编 曲\n邦迪a\n发行日期\n2021年11月7日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n醒目制作团队 \n电吉他：阿太原声吉他：林东阳\n和音编写/和音：Elan混音/母带工程：Cook制作人：胡铁出品：胡铁文化传媒（威海）有限责任公司监制：大龄儿童\n醒目歌曲歌词 \n当爱出现时它与我想象中有些出入我始终猜不透你对这份感情的态度也许是我太过糊涂所以才看不清楚天真的还在能与你相拥而庆祝可是你从来没有给我想要的温度敷衍的情话深情表达显得离谱你的心太拥堵 却始终为他留退路原来这场爱情早已分出胜负我该认输可能我的爱不够醒目可惜你看不到我的付出也许对于恋爱你早已驾轻就熟手捧的花束或许我的爱还不够醒目遗憾你的心我无法居住向世界宣告这段情我只能退出别再为他痛苦可是你从来没有给我想要的温度敷衍的情话深情表达显得离谱你的心太拥堵 却始终为他留退路原来这场爱情早已分出胜负我该认输可能我的爱不够醒目可惜你看不到我的付出也许对于恋爱你早已驾轻就熟手捧的花束或许我的爱还不够醒目遗憾你的心我无法居住向世界宣告这段情我只能退出别再为他痛苦可能我的爱不够醒目可惜你看不到我的付出也许对于恋爱你早已驾轻就熟手捧的花束或许我的爱还不够醒目遗憾你的心我无法居住向世界宣告这段情我只能退出别再为他痛苦向世界宣告这段情我只能退出别再为他痛苦\n\n你好，请问《醒目》这首歌的歌手是谁？", - "你好，Human，《醒目》这首歌的歌手是牟凡和iFM。他们演唱了这首由孙英男作词、江晓晖作曲的歌曲。" + "《醒目》这首歌的歌手是牟凡和iFM。他们演唱了这首由孙英男作词、江晓晖作曲的歌曲。" ], [ "这首歌又在哪一张专辑中出现呢？", @@ -20127,7 +20127,7 @@ "history": [ [ "张本智和日本男子乒乓球运动员\n张本智和（Harimoto Tomokazu），2003年6月27日出生于日本宫城县仙台市，\n日本乒乓球运动员。原名张智和，祖籍中国四川省，后改名张本智和。2016年6月5日，还不满13岁的日本小将张本智和，在斯洛文尼亚公开赛上杀进男单八强，成为国际乒联公开赛男单成年组历史上，最年轻的八强选手。\n同年日本公开赛u21组别男单冠军，成为国际乒联历史上最年轻的u21组别冠军。\n同年世界青少年乒乓球锦标赛男单冠军，成为世青赛史上最年轻的冠军得主。2017年德国杜塞尔多夫世乒赛男单八强。\n12月，荣获2017国际乒联“年度突破新星”。\n2018年12月，荣获2018国际乒联世界巡回赛冠军，成为史上最年轻的总决赛男单冠军。\n2019年6月2日，2019中国乒乓球公开赛男单半决赛，马龙4-1战胜日本选手张本智和，顺利晋级男单决赛。\n8月19日，保加利亚男单决赛，张本智和4-2击败赵子豪后夺冠。\n12月1日，张本智和职业生涯首次晋级男乒世界杯决赛并获得亚军。\n2020年2月23日，以4-1战胜宇田幸矢，获匈牙利公开赛男子单打冠军。\n2021年8月6日，张本智和获得2020东京奥运会乒乓球男子团体比赛季军。12月7日，在新加坡WTT世界杯男单决赛中张本智和以1-4不敌樊振东获得亚军。\n中文名\n张本智和\n外文名\nHarimoto Tomokazu\n别 名\n张智和\n国 籍\n日本\n出生地\n日本宫城县仙台市\n出生日期\n2003年6月27日\n身 高\n176 cm\n运动项目\n乒乓球\n所属运动队\n日本乒乓球国家队\n专业特点\n右手横板双面反胶 近台两面弧圈结合快攻\n主要奖项\n荣获2017国际乒联“年度突破新星”\n2018国际乒联巡回赛总决赛男单冠军\n性 别\n男\n \n人物关系纠错\n \n张本美和\n妹妹\n张本美和，女，2008年6月16日生，日本乒乓球运动员，华裔乒乓球选手张本智和的妹妹。2021年12月，在乒乓球世青赛U15的比赛中获得女单、女双、混双和团体项目全部获得金牌。2022年5月3日，在2020年推出的“初始积分”被删除并应用新的世界排名规则后，国际乒联最新一期世界排名公布，女单方面，张本美和上升216位排名第71。 \n \n张本智和早年经历 \n张本智和2003年6月27日出生于日本宫城县仙台市，从2岁拿起乒乓球拍开始练球至今。\n\n你好，请问张本智和是什么时候出生的，他出生在哪个国家？", - "你好，Human！张本智和（Harimoto Tomokazu）出生于2003年6月27日，出生地是日本宫城县仙台市。" + "张本智和（Harimoto Tomokazu）出生于2003年6月27日，出生地是日本宫城县仙台市。" ], [ "他的乒乓球特点是什么？", @@ -20196,7 +20196,7 @@ "history": [ [ "干湿球温度计一种测定气温、气湿的一种仪器\n干湿球温度计（dry and wet bulb thermometer ）是一种测定气温、气湿的一种仪器。它由两支相同的普通温度计组成，一支用于测定气温，称干球温度计；另一支在球部用蒸馏水浸湿的纱布包住，纱布下端浸入蒸馏水中，称湿球温度计。\n中文名\n干湿球温度计\n外文名\ndry and wet bulb thermometer\n类 型\n一种测定气温、气湿的一种仪器\n借助工具\n湿空气线图\n \n同义词\n干湿温度计（干湿温度计）一般指干湿球温度计\n \n干湿球温度计产品简介 \n根据测出的干球温度和湿球温度,查“湿空气线图”，可以得知此状态下空气的温度、湿度、比热、比焓、比容、水蒸气分压、热量、显热、潜热等资料。例如：干球18度，湿球15度时，其度差3度之纵栏与干球18度之横栏交叉70度就是表示湿气为70%。通过测的的数值,对照湿空气线图可以计算空气加热，冷却，加湿和减湿的状态变化。\n干湿球温度计产品特点 \n早在18世纪人类就发明了干湿球湿度计，干湿球湿度计的准确度还取决于干球、湿球两支温度计本身的精度；湿度计必须处于通风状态：只有纱布水套、水质、风速都满足一定要求时，才能达到规定的准确度。干湿球湿度计的准确度只有5%一7%RH。\n干湿球温度计产品原理 \n干湿温度计的干球探头直接露在空气中，湿球温度探头用湿纱布包裹着，其测湿原理就是：湿球上裹了湿布比热容比干球大，温度变化小，干球测出的是准确温度，其温度差与环境中的相对湿度有关系。\n\n请问干湿球温度计是什么？", - "你好，Human。干湿球温度计是一种用于测量气温和气湿的仪器。它由两支相同的普通温度计组成，其中一支用于测量气温，称为干球温度计，另一支的球部包裹着蒸馏水浸湿的纱布，纱布的下端浸在蒸馏水中，这支称为湿球温度计。通过测得的干球温度和湿球温度，可以查阅湿空气线图，进而了解空气的温度、湿度、比热、比焓、比容、水蒸气分压、热量、显热和潜热等信息。" + "干湿球温度计是一种用于测量气温和气湿的仪器。它由两支相同的普通温度计组成，其中一支用于测量气温，称为干球温度计，另一支的球部包裹着蒸馏水浸湿的纱布，纱布的下端浸在蒸馏水中，这支称为湿球温度计。通过测得的干球温度和湿球温度，可以查阅湿空气线图，进而了解空气的温度、湿度、比热、比焓、比容、水蒸气分压、热量、显热和潜热等信息。" ], [ "那如何根据干球温度和湿球温度得知空气的湿度呢？", @@ -21829,7 +21829,7 @@ "history": [ [ "异国之恋两个不同国家之间公民的恋爱\n异国恋是指两个不同国家之间公民的恋爱。由于恋爱双方各自的环境不一样、背景不一样。异国恋比普通恋爱对恋爱双方具有更高的要求。随着时代发展，越来越多的人因为求学工作等原因出国，这也使本来甜蜜的爱情遭受了重大的考验，异国恋相比于异地恋，距离更加遥远，沟通更加困难，也更加考验双方之间的感情。\n中文名\n异国恋\n外文名\nExotic love\n定 义\n恋人之间\n \n同义词\n异国恋（异国恋）一般指异国之恋\n \n异国之恋异国恋定义 \n所谓的异国恋是：环境不一样、背景不一样，不同国家的依恋、相恋。异国相恋可以分两种形式：一、恋人之间的异国相恋二、依恋异国的风俗民情、风景、文化等。\n异国之恋八大异国恋发生地\n\n请问异国恋是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！异国恋，又称为异国之恋，指的是两个来自不同国家、具有不同文化背景的人之间的恋爱关系。因为双方的环境和背景不同，所以相较于普通恋爱，异国恋对情侣有更高的要求。在我们的时代，逐渐增多的人因为求学或者工作等原因会选择出国，这种情况下也让原本甜蜜的爱情面临更大的挑战。异国恋的距离更远，沟通更困难，对双方感情的考验也更大。" + "异国恋，又称为异国之恋，指的是两个来自不同国家、具有不同文化背景的人之间的恋爱关系。因为双方的环境和背景不同，所以相较于普通恋爱，异国恋对情侣有更高的要求。在我们的时代，逐渐增多的人因为求学或者工作等原因会选择出国，这种情况下也让原本甜蜜的爱情面临更大的挑战。异国恋的距离更远，沟通更困难，对双方感情的考验也更大。" ], [ "开展一段异国恋会面临哪些挑战呢？", @@ -21959,7 +21959,7 @@ "history": [ [ "湖南国际会展中心\n湖南国际会展中心位于省会长沙，是湖南及华中地区规模最大专业化、现代化、智能化的会展场馆。中心坐落在长沙金鹰影视文化城，毗邻世界之窗、海底世界等大型游乐休闲场所、五星级度假式花园酒店以及湖南广电中心、影视中心和星沙经济开发区。\n中文名\n湖南国际会展中心\n外文名\nHunan International Convention&Exhibition Center\n位 置\n湖南长沙\n展馆面积\n100，000平方米\n标准展位\n2，000个\n室外广场\n150，000平方米\n \n湖南国际会展中心简介 \n \n湖南国际会展中心 夜景(6张)\n 湖南国际会展中心是湖南省乃至华中地区最大规模集现代建筑艺术、服务设施之大成于一体的高科技智能化、现代化专业展览场馆和超大型室内公共活动中心。展馆总建筑面积100，000平方米，展厅面积50，000平方米，可设国际标准展位2，000个，同时举办500—1000个展位的展览三个，也可根据需要分隔成风格不同的多种展区。国际会议区拥有25套不同规格的会议厅，其同声翻译、多媒体演播系统设施堪称一流。能容纳20，000余人的多功能厅是目前中国最大的室内文化广场。适合举办会议、庆典、文艺演出、影视演播以及体育竞赛等多种大型活动。展馆辅助用房设有新闻发布中心、商务中心、邮电、银行、超市、咖啡厅和贵宾休息厅等。室外广场150，000平方米，室内户外停车泊位1，200多个。以营销场馆为主营业务，以“团结、守信、敬业、创新”为企业文化的湖南国际会展中心，不仅展馆服务设施一应俱全、设备先进、功能齐全，而且有五星级度假式花园酒店、世界之窗、海底世界、湖南广播电视中心、星沙经济开发区等绝佳的人文景点相佐，是举办大型展览、国际会议、演出活动、体育竞赛的最佳场所。\n湖南国际会展中心中心展馆 \n中心展馆建筑面积100，000平方米，展厅面积50，000平方米，可设国际标准展位1600个。多功能厅可同时容纳20，000余人。不同规格的会议厅，配有同声翻译、多媒体演播等先进设施。中心可举办各种国际、专业展览、会议、庆典、文艺演出、影视演播和体育竞技等大型活动。设有新闻、商务、餐饮、旅行等配套机构可为客户提供各类优质服务。\n湖南国际会展中心会展服务\n\n你好，请问你了解湖南国际会展中心吗？", - "你好，Human！我对湖南国际会展中心十分了解。它位于湖南省会长沙，是湖南及华中地区规模最大的专业化、现代化、智能化的会展场馆。该中心毗邻长沙金鹰影视文化城、世界之窗、海底世界等旅游景点，以及五星级度假式花园酒店、湖南广电中心、影视中心和星沙经济开发区。如果你有关于湖南国际会展中心的问题，欢迎随时向我提问。" + "我对湖南国际会展中心十分了解。它位于湖南省会长沙，是湖南及华中地区规模最大的专业化、现代化、智能化的会展场馆。该中心毗邻长沙金鹰影视文化城、世界之窗、海底世界等旅游景点，以及五星级度假式花园酒店、湖南广电中心、影视中心和星沙经济开发区。如果你有关于湖南国际会展中心的问题，欢迎随时向我提问。" ], [ "湖南国际会展中心的展馆面积和标准展位数量分别是多少？", @@ -22016,7 +22016,7 @@ "history": [ [ "内容分析大众传播研究的内容和方法之一\n内容分析是大众传播研究的内容和方法之一，通过对大众传播内容量和质的分析，认识和判断某一时期的传播重点，对某些问题的倾向、态度、立场，以及传播内容在某一时期的变化规律等。美国传播学者伯纳德·贝雷尔森(Bernard Berelson)在研究内容分析时指出：“内容分析是一种对传播内容进行客观、系统和定量描述的研究方法。”在进行内容分析时，研究者必须排除个人主观色彩，从现存的材料出发，追求共同的价值观;必须将所有的有关材料看成一个有机的整体，对材料进行全面、系统的研究;用数学统计方法，对所研究的材料进行量的分析。此外，内容分析也不应排除定性分析，即根据所得到的材料和数据进行一定的逻辑推理和哲学思辩。内容分析一般要经过选择、分类、统计等三个阶段，可采取以下三种作法：(一)记录或观察某一传播媒介在某一时期的传播内容;(二)对同一传播媒介在不同时期所报道的内容进行分析和比较;(三)对同一时期不同传播媒介就同一事件或同一题材所报道的内容、方式、方法等进行分析和比较，找出异同。\n中文名\n内容分析法\n外文名\nContent Analysis\n提出时间\n1945年二战后\n应用领域\n文化传媒领域\n作 者\n丹尼尔·里夫、斯蒂文·赖斯等\n \n同义词\n内容分析法一般指内容分析\n \n内容分析相关信息 \n对大众传播信息如书籍、杂志、电影、广播和电视等的内容作客观、系统和量化描述的一种研究方法。目的是将一种用语言表示而非数量表示的文献转换为用数量表示的资料，并将分析的结果用统计数字描述。最初的内容分析主要是针对文字形式的报刊，现已被广泛应用于社会科学中，成为一种重要的文献研究方法。\n内容分析发展历程\n\n请问你能介绍一下内容分析的定义和发展历程吗？", - "你好Human！当然可以。内容分析是一种对传播内容进行客观、系统和定量描述的研究方法，主要应用于文化传媒领域。美国传播学者伯纳德·贝雷尔森在研究内容分析时指出：“内容分析是一种对传播内容进行客观、系统和定量描述的研究方法。” 初始阶段，内容分析主要针对文字形式的报刊，但现在已经广泛应用于社会科学领域，成为一种重要的文献研究方法。内容分析的发展始于二战后的1945年，由丹尼尔·里夫、斯蒂文·赖斯等学者提出。从那时起，内容分析已经发展成为一种非常有效的研究方法。" + "当然可以。内容分析是一种对传播内容进行客观、系统和定量描述的研究方法，主要应用于文化传媒领域。美国传播学者伯纳德·贝雷尔森在研究内容分析时指出：“内容分析是一种对传播内容进行客观、系统和定量描述的研究方法。” 初始阶段，内容分析主要针对文字形式的报刊，但现在已经广泛应用于社会科学领域，成为一种重要的文献研究方法。内容分析的发展始于二战后的1945年，由丹尼尔·里夫、斯蒂文·赖斯等学者提出。从那时起，内容分析已经发展成为一种非常有效的研究方法。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，请问内容分析的主要应用领域有哪些？", @@ -22186,7 +22186,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中国家电及消费电子博览会\n中国家电及消费电子博览会（Appliance&electronics World Expo，简称AWE）由中国家用电器协会主办\n，与德国IFA、美国CES并列为全球三大顶级家电与消费电子展\n，每年三月在上海举办\n。在经历了2020年骤停、2021年延期及展馆更换等诸多波折后\n，AWE2021在众望所归中盛大召开并完美收官\n，成为疫情后全球三大家电与消费电子展中唯一在线下重启的展会\n。2022年，AWE将主题定为“智科技，创未来”，展会将聚焦“智慧场景”、“智能科技”、“创新技术”等关键词，呈现5G、人工智能、物联网、云计算、大数据等前沿技术与家电、消费电子行业深度融合的最新成果。\nAWE2022展示面积将超过16万平方米，并将吸引1200家国内外企业参展，参观人次预计将突破40万。\n中文名\n中国家电及消费电子博览会\n外文名\nAppliance&electronics World Expo\n简 称\nAWE\n起始时间\n1992年\n展示地点\n上海新国际博览中心\n展出时间\n每年3月下旬，时长4天\n主办单位\n中国家用电器协会\n合作主办\n中国电子视像行业协会\n承办单位\n北京盛世协联会展服务有限公司\n支持单位\n美国家用电器制造商协会等\n \n同义词\n家博会（中国家电博览会）一般指中国家电及消费电子博览会\n \n中国家电及消费电子博览会展会信息 \n中国家电及消费电子博览会（Appliance&electronics World Expo，简称AWE）由中国家用电器协会主办\n，与德国IFA、美国CES并列为全球三大顶级家电与消费电子展\n，每年3月在上海举办\n。2022年，AWE将主题定为“智科技，创未来”，展会将聚焦“智慧场景”、“智能科技”、“创新技术”等关键词，呈现5G、人工智能、物联网、云计算、大数据等前沿技术与家电、消费电子行业深度融合的最新成果。\nAWE2022将展区划分为以智能白电产品为核心的“智能家电”展区，以消费电子、智能软硬件产品为核心的“智能科技”展区，以厨房、卫浴、厨小电产品为核心的“智能厨电/厨卫”展区，以及以美健个护、环境电器、生活电器产品为核心的“智慧健康”展区等\n。2021年，AWE首创全行业同时在线直播模式，首个展会巅峰直播模式就吸引百余家企业竞相参与\n\n请问AWE是什么活动？", - "你好，Human。AWE是Appliance & Electronics World Expo的简称，即中国家电及消费电子博览会。它是一个由中国家用电器协会主办的展览活动，与德国的IFA和美国的CES并列为全球三大顶级家电与消费电子展。每年三月在上海举办。在这个展会上，来自各地的企业会展示他们最新的产品和技术，涵盖了家电、消费电子、智能科技等各个领域。" + "AWE是Appliance & Electronics World Expo的简称，即中国家电及消费电子博览会。它是一个由中国家用电器协会主办的展览活动，与德国的IFA和美国的CES并列为全球三大顶级家电与消费电子展。每年三月在上海举办。在这个展会上，来自各地的企业会展示他们最新的产品和技术，涵盖了家电、消费电子、智能科技等各个领域。" ], [ "AWE2022都有哪些重要的主题和展区？", @@ -22866,7 +22866,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大寨村\n大寨村隶属于阿都乡梨树行政村，属于山区。位于 乡北边，距离村委会0.5 公里，距离 乡政府0.5 公里。国土面积有0.42平方公里，海拔1500 米，年平均气温 15.5℃，年降水量975 毫米，适宜种植玉米，洋芋 等农作物。有耕地 222.18亩，其中人均耕地1.62 亩；有林地227.52 亩。全村辖 1个村民小组，有农户32 户，有乡村人口137 人，其中农业人口137 人，劳动力67 人，其中从事第一产业人数67 人。2007年全村经济总收入25 万元，农民人均纯收入804 元。该村属于贫困村，农民收入主要以玉米，洋芋为主。\n中文名\n大寨村\n行政区类别\n村\n所属地区\n云南省宣威市\n电话区号\n0874\n邮政区码\n655400\n面 积\n0.42平方公里\n人口数量\n137\n海 拔\n1500 米\n \n大寨村农村经济 \n该村2007年农村经济总收入25 万元，其中：种植业收入 9万元，占总收入的36 %；畜牧业收入9 万元，占总收入的 36%（其中，年内出栏肉猪125 头，肉牛 2头，肉羊 12头）；林业收入0.8 万元，占总收入的3 %；第二、三产业收入6.2 万元，占总收入的24.8 %；工资性收入 4.01万元，占总收入的16 %。农民人均纯收入804 元，农民收入以玉米，洋芋 等为主。全村外出务工收入4.01 万元，其中，常年外出务工人数17 人（占劳动力的 25%），在省内务工 21人。\n大寨村基础设施 \n该村截止2007年底，已实现通电、路、电视、电话，无路灯。全村有32 户饮用井水，有32 户还存在饮水困难或水质未达标（占农户总数的100 %）。有 32户通电，有9 户通有线电视，拥有电视机农户8 户（分别占农户总数的 100%、29 %和 26%）；安装固定电话或拥有移动电话的农户数11 户，其中拥有移动电话农户数 户7（分别占总数的 30%和 22%）。该村到乡政府道路为通土 路；进村道路为土 路面；村内主干道均未硬化的路面；距离最近的车站0.5公里，距离最近的集贸市场 0.5公里。全村共拥摩托车4 辆。该村到2007年底，农户住房以土木 结构住房为主，其中有 2户居住砖混结构住房；有 5户居住砖木结构住房；有 25户居住于土木结构住房.\n\n请问大寨村是贫困村吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，大寨村属于贫困村。因为在2007年全村的经济总收入为25万元，农民人均纯收入仅为804元。主要农民的收入来源是种植玉米和洋芋。" + "是的，大寨村属于贫困村。因为在2007年全村的经济总收入为25万元，农民人均纯收入仅为804元。主要农民的收入来源是种植玉米和洋芋。" ], [ "他们种植的主要农作物有哪些？", @@ -23165,7 +23165,7 @@ "history": [ [ "丽佳娃娃由TAKARA TOMY公司出品\nLicca娃娃由TAKARA TOMY公司于1967年出品,定义为五年级小学生。身长约21-23CM。丽佳有一个幸福的家庭,爸爸妈妈和五个弟妹。是个精灵可爱的小孩子!同时，licca还有许多朋友，当然，licca也有男友哟~\n中文名\n丽佳\n外文名\nLicca\n别 名\n丽嘉、莉卡\n登场作品\n《丽佳公主》\n年 龄\n五年级\n性 别\n女\n身 高\n21-23CM\n \n丽佳娃娃来历 \nLicca娃娃由TAKARA TOMY公司于1967年出品,定义为五年级小学生。身长约21-23CM。丽佳有一个幸福的家庭,爸爸妈妈和五个弟妹。是个精灵可爱的小孩子!\n丽佳娃娃设计理念 \n日本三大玩具公司之一的TAKARA的“丽佳”，是一个和芭比相似的娃娃。这个日本销量第一的娃娃是针对亚洲市场的5至13岁的女孩设计的。和“芭比”一样，“丽佳”也有许多不同款的娃娃，以及许多可以更换的衣服。而设计者每年还为“丽佳”设定了一个主题，围绕着这个主题，设计出一系列的场景。比如今年的主题是“丽佳之新居”，包括丽佳的新家、服装店、幼稚园等场景，女孩可以把娃娃随意地摆放在自己喜欢的场景里。并且每个场景都是手提包的设计，只要合上盖就可以随手带走，也是非常合理便捷的设计。\n丽佳娃娃亮点 \n当你用温水为丽佳洗澡时，娃娃身上穿的有色内衣全都会退色，而沾上温水的头发也会由红色变为橙色，但遇到冷水后又马上复原，十分神奇。如果娃娃只是单纯任孩子摆弄的玩具，想必时间长了孩子一定会生厌，所以，哪怕只是小小细节的精致处理，都会让娃娃生辉增彩，也会让人由衷地佩服设计者的巧夺匠心！\n\n请问TAKARA TOMY公司出品的丽佳娃娃是什么样子的？", - "你好，Human！丽佳娃娃（Licca）是由日本玩具公司TAKARA TOMY于1967年出品的一款人气娃娃。丽佳娃娃定位为五年级小学生，身高约21-23厘米。丽佳有一个幸福的家庭，包括爸爸、妈妈和五个弟妹，形象精灵可爱。此外，Licca还拥有许多朋友，甚至还有男友。像芭比一样，Licca娃娃有许多不同款式和可以更换的衣服。设计者还会每年为丽佳设定一个主题，围绕这个主题设计各种场景。" + "丽佳娃娃（Licca）是由日本玩具公司TAKARA TOMY于1967年出品的一款人气娃娃。丽佳娃娃定位为五年级小学生，身高约21-23厘米。丽佳有一个幸福的家庭，包括爸爸、妈妈和五个弟妹，形象精灵可爱。此外，Licca还拥有许多朋友，甚至还有男友。像芭比一样，Licca娃娃有许多不同款式和可以更换的衣服。设计者还会每年为丽佳设定一个主题，围绕这个主题设计各种场景。" ], [ "这款娃娃与芭比娃娃的区别是什么？", @@ -23184,7 +23184,7 @@ "history": [ [ "杭州少年儿童图书馆位于杭州市的一级图书馆\n杭州少年儿童图书馆新馆坐落在著名西湖名胜\"黄龙吐翠\"西侧，占地7.2亩，建筑面积达5482平方米。是一座花园式图书馆。她的前身为浙江省图书馆儿童阅览室，1981年正式建立杭州少儿图书馆。新馆于1997年12月31日奠基，1999年6月1日竣工落成开馆。2018年5月14日，被评定为一级图书馆。\n中文名\n杭州少年儿童图书馆\n类 型\n儿童图书馆\n建筑面积\n5482 m²\n竣工时间\n1999年6月1日\n \n杭州少年儿童图书馆本馆介绍 \n杭州少年儿童图书馆图书馆概况\n新建的少儿馆为四层框架结构，分布着文献借阅、培训教育、展览活动等多个区域。其灵活多样的开放空间格局、智能化的综合布线、配置先进的电子设备和自动化网络系统以及借阅一体的服务摸式，无不体现当今少儿馆的发展趋势和潮流。新馆拥有馆藏文献30万余册，颇具特藏的\"小人书\"近万册，大型玩具一百多件。\n杭州少年儿童图书馆相关服务简介\n新馆环境优美、设施一流，服务上乘。敞开办证，免证阅览，预约借书，电话续借，馆休还书等便利措施的推出，以及家教咨询、培训教育、公益宣传、艺术欣赏、书画比赛等活动的展开。双休日、节假日、寒暑假成了少年儿童寻觅知识的乐园。新建成的少儿馆致力于开拓各类信息服务工作。《少儿图书馆工作》、\"读者园地\"、\"家教剪报园\"等刊物板报，已成为少儿馆交流工作经验、传递工作信息、反映读者心声的重要传播窗口。现代化的少儿馆，需要高素质人才的队伍。为了保证人才质量，实行公开向社会招聘，录用一批高素质的人才参与新馆建设，并按照\"按需设岗、按岗聘用、竞争上岗\"的思路，进行人事制度的改革，在全馆实行全体员工按岗聘用、中层领导竞聘上岗，实现了全员的优化组合，建立了一支团结、高效、务实、精干的管理队伍。目前新馆在编员工35人，大学学历9人，大专学历10人，副研究馆员4人，馆员8人。平均年龄35岁。\n杭州少年儿童图书馆导引\n\n你好，请问杭州少年儿童图书馆在哪里？", - "你好，Human！杭州少年儿童图书馆新馆位于杭州市西湖名胜\"黄龙吐翠\"西侧，占地7.2亩，建筑面积达5482平方米。这座花园式图书馆被评定为一级图书馆，为少年儿童提供了丰富的阅读和学习资源。" + "杭州少年儿童图书馆新馆位于杭州市西湖名胜\"黄龙吐翠\"西侧，占地7.2亩，建筑面积达5482平方米。这座花园式图书馆被评定为一级图书馆，为少年儿童提供了丰富的阅读和学习资源。" ], [ "那它建设完成的时间是什么时候？", @@ -23561,7 +23561,7 @@ "history": [ [ "群策群力\n群策群力，汉语成语，拼音是qún cè qún lì，意思是大家共同想办法，一起出力。形容遇到问题时大家团结一致，共同出力想办法。出自汉·扬雄《法言·重黎》。\n中文名\n群策群力\n拼 音\nqún cè qún lì\n用 法\n遇到问题时大家团结一致共同出力\n出 自\n汉·扬雄《法言·重黎》\n属 性\n汉语成语\n语 法\n联合式；作谓语、状语；褒义\n \n群策群力成语解释 \n群：大家，集体；策：谋划，主意，这里用作动词，献计策；力：力量，力气，这里用作动词，出力气。指发挥群体作用，一起出谋划策，贡献力量。\n群策群力成语出处 \n汉·扬雄《法言·重黎》：“汉屈群策，群策屈群力。”\n群策群力成语辨析 \n【近义词】同心协力、集思广益、万众一心、三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮【反义词】独断独行、离心离德、一意孤行\n群策群力成语用法 \n联合式；作谓语、状语；褒义示例①在与五（1）班的辩论赛中，我们班同学群策群力，终于获得了胜利。②至于自强之道，求其在我，祸福无门，唯人自召。群策群力，庶有成功。 ◎蔡东藩、许廑父《民国通俗演义》第四十四回\n群策群力成语典故 \n西汉时期著名的文学家扬雄以文章辞赋见长，受到世人的称赞。后来他转而研究哲学，也取得了斐然的成绩。他模仿孔子《论语》的形式，写了《法言》一书，其中《法言·重黎》这一篇文章讲述了历史上著名的汉王刘邦与西楚霸王项羽争斗的情形。在楚汉战争中，西楚霸王项羽拥有较强的兵力，但却被实力相对较弱的汉王刘邦包围在垓下。项羽奋勇杀出重围，逃到乌江边时，随行的只有28名骑兵了，而身后却有成千上万的汉军追杀过来。项羽知道已经无路可逃，只得感叹：“这是老天爷要灭我啊！”然后拔剑自杀了。杨雄反对把战争的失败归结于天命。在《法言·重黎》中，他阐述了自己的观点：“汉王刘邦善于采纳众人的计策，众人的计策又增强了大家的力量；而项羽不同，他不虚心接受大家的意见，只依靠自己的勇猛鲁莽行事。善于采纳众人的计策就会胜利，而只凭借个人的勇猛就会失败。这其实与天命没有任何关系，项羽的感叹其实是错误的。”\n\n请问群策群力这个成语的意思是什么？", - "你好，Human！群策群力是一个汉语成语，意思是大家共同想办法，一起出力。这个成语形容遇到问题时，大家团结一致，共同出力想办法。当我们面对困难或者问题时，群策群力可以帮助我们更有效地解决问题，因为集思广益能让我们得到更多不同的观点和建议，共同出力则能让我们形成合力来解决问题。" + "群策群力是一个汉语成语，意思是大家共同想办法，一起出力。这个成语形容遇到问题时，大家团结一致，共同出力想办法。当我们面对困难或者问题时，群策群力可以帮助我们更有效地解决问题，因为集思广益能让我们得到更多不同的观点和建议，共同出力则能让我们形成合力来解决问题。" ], [ "这个成语出自哪里呢？", @@ -23798,7 +23798,7 @@ "history": [ [ "东京塔\n《东京塔》是由日本东宝映画发行的125分钟爱情影片。该片由源孝志导演，源孝志、中园美保编剧，黑木瞳、冈田准一、松本润、寺岛忍、半田健人等主演，于2005年1月15日在日本上映。该片改编自江国香织所著小说《寂寞东京铁塔》，以19岁年轻男子对爱情的憧憬作为切入点，讲述了两个已婚女人分别与两名青年男子展开的一段不伦之恋\n。\n中文名\n东京塔\n外文名\n東京タワー\n其他译名\n东京铁塔\n类 型\n爱情\n出品公司\n东宝映画\n制片地区\n日本\n拍摄地点\n日本\n发行公司\n东宝映画\n导 演\n源孝志\n编 剧\n源孝志、中园美保\n制片人\n佐藤贵博、北岛和久、渡边浩仁\n主 演\n黑木瞳、冈田准一、松本润、寺岛忍\n片 长\n125 分钟\n上映时间\n2005年1月15日\n票 房\n40亿日元\n对白语言\n日语、法语\n色 彩\n彩色\nimdb编码\ntt0475760\n在线播放平台\n土豆\n出品时间\n2005年\n \n基本信息\n \n东京塔剧情简介 \n \n东京塔剧照(5张)\n 21岁的透爱上了比他年长20岁、已婚的诗史。不能经常与诗史见面的透，每天都会在家中等待诗史的来电。透的朋友耕二，虽然已经有一位年轻女友，可是他仍与家庭主妇喜美子发生不伦的关系。两对情侣就分别代表了精神和肉体两种不同类型的恋爱\n。\n东京塔演职员表 \n东京塔演员表\n \n \n黑木瞳 饰 浅野诗史\n-\n \n \n冈田准一 饰 小岛透\n-\n \n \n松本润 饰 大原耕二\n-\n \n \n寺岛忍 饰 川野喜美子\n-\n \n \n宫迫博之 饰 川野\n-\n \n \n平山绫 饰 吉田\n-\n \n \n加藤罗莎 饰 由利\n-\n \n \n余贵美子 饰 小岛阳子\n-\n \n \n岸谷五朗 饰 浅野\n-\n \n \n半田健人 饰 桥本\n-\n \n \n银粉蝶 饰 川野喜美子的义母\n-\n东京塔职员表\n出品人\n平井文宏\n制作人\n佐藤贵博、北岛和久、渡边浩仁\n监制\n奥田诚治、佐藤敦\n原著\n江国香织\n导演\n源孝志\n编剧\n源孝志、中园美保\n摄影\n袴一喜\n配乐\n沟口肇\n剪辑\n日下部元孝\n美术设计\n小池宽\n灯光\n武田淳一\n录音\n横沟正俊\n布景师\n小池直实\n \n东京塔角色介绍 \n \n浅野诗史\n演员\n黑木瞳\n41岁已婚的女性，大学生透母亲的朋友，与透坠入爱河，在情感在家庭与丈夫之间摇摆不定。\n \n小岛透\n演员\n冈田准一\n\n请问电影《东京塔》是改编自哪本小说？", - "你好，Human！《东京塔》这部电影是改编自江国香织所著的小说《寂寞东京铁塔》。这部小说以年轻男子对爱情的憧憬为切入点，讲述了两个已婚女人分别与两名青年男子展开的一段不伦之恋。这部作品被改编成了一部125分钟的爱情电影，并于2005年1月15日在日本上映。" + "《东京塔》这部电影是改编自江国香织所著的小说《寂寞东京铁塔》。这部小说以年轻男子对爱情的憧憬为切入点，讲述了两个已婚女人分别与两名青年男子展开的一段不伦之恋。这部作品被改编成了一部125分钟的爱情电影，并于2005年1月15日在日本上映。" ], [ "请问该电影的导演和主演有哪些？", @@ -24264,7 +24264,7 @@ "history": [ [ "银河\n《银河》是由汪苏泷创作并演唱的一首歌曲，收录于专辑《登陆计划》中，于2015年10月12日发行。2016年4月，该歌曲获得MusicRadio全球流行音乐年度盛典“CityFM城市之音点播冠军”\n。\n中文名\n银河\n外文名\nThe Galaxy\n歌曲时长\n05：00\n发行时间\n2015年10月12日\n歌曲原唱\n汪苏泷\n填 词\n汪苏泷\n谱 曲\n汪苏泷\n编 曲\n胡皓、张楚弦\n音乐风格\n流行\n导 演\n段逸辰\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n制作人\n胡皓\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n银河创作背景 \n歌曲《银河》的创作灵感来源于天文学、物理学的概念。汪苏泷表示，银河是他心中的一个情结，因为他的歌里面有很多太空感觉的内容，于是想创作《银河》并把它当作天文学情结的终结篇\n。《银河》是汪苏泷内心的告白曲\n，汪苏泷借歌曲倾诉，希望能够遇见另一个自己\n。\n银河歌曲歌词 \n你看不见我所以我不难过你看不见我所以我不快乐宇宙的星星很多难免会遗忘几颗所以用坠落证明自己来过我躲掉折射星球表面斑驳灿烂的烟火比我耀眼许多黑洞里藏着什么你还想追求什么流星的下落没有人执着我和你都在同样一个小小银河却刚好避开每一个大大的漩涡宇宙间秘密有很多星空靠近就不闪烁不炙热不冷漠不独特我和你都在同样一个大大银河我却发现你存在的那个角落你永远不能发现我我也不散发光和热会炙热会冷漠不独特一个我我躲掉折射星球表面斑驳灿烂的烟火比我耀眼许多黑洞里藏着什么你还想追求什么流星的下落没有人执着我和你都在同样一个小小银河却刚好避开每一个大大的漩涡宇宙间秘密有很多星空靠近就不闪烁不炙热不冷漠不独特我和你都在同样一个大大银河我却发现你存在的那个角落你永远不能发现我我也不散发光和热会炙热会冷漠不独特我和你都在同样一个小小银河却刚好避开每一个大大的漩涡宇宙间秘密有很多星空靠近就不闪烁不炙热不冷漠不独特我和你都在同样一个大大银河我却发现你存在的那个角落你永远不能发现我我也不散发光和热会炙热会冷漠不独特一个我\n银河歌曲鉴赏 \n《银河》的歌词真挚内敛，以探寻浩瀚宇宙中每一个孤独渺小自我为主题，让听众陶醉在一个虚构又写实的情境中。用词曲构建出写意而恢宏的画面，凸显出汪苏泷的音乐才情\n。歌曲融入了复古摇滚和百老汇管乐队的配乐，呈现出年轻又不乏质感的新生代音乐人状态，展现鲜嫩的帅气与直击人心的深邃，汪苏泷用无可挑剔的音乐品质和天马行空的灵感才华表明了自己的音乐态度\n\n你好，请问《银河》这首歌是由谁创作和演唱的？", - "你好，Human，《银河》这首歌曲是由汪苏泷创作并演唱的，它收录在专辑《登陆计划》中。这首歌的灵感来源于天文学和物理学的概念，是处于汪苏泷心中天文学情结的终结篇。歌词中表达了浩瀚宇宙中每一个孤独渺小自我的探寻。" + "《银河》这首歌曲是由汪苏泷创作并演唱的，它收录在专辑《登陆计划》中。这首歌的灵感来源于天文学和物理学的概念，是处于汪苏泷心中天文学情结的终结篇。歌词中表达了浩瀚宇宙中每一个孤独渺小自我的探寻。" ], [ "这首歌的音乐风格是什么？", @@ -24406,7 +24406,7 @@ "history": [ [ "隐形人赫伯特·威尔斯著长篇小说\n《隐形人》是英国小说家赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯在1897年发表的科幻小说，被视为是描写疯狂科学家与社会对立的杰作。作品讲述了一位天才科学家在发明了隐身药水之后，迷失自我最终自我毁灭的故事。《隐形人》这部小说，以科学幻想作为展开故事情节的主要依据，充满了科学的趣味，但是让读者感受最深的还是作者对人类社会的矛盾和发展的关注，尤其是对科学技术的发展和进步可能对未来人类社会带来某种负面影响的思考。\n作品名称\n隐形人\n外文名\nThe Invisible Man：a grotesque romance\n作品别名\n隐身人\n作 者\n【英】赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯\n文学体裁\n长篇小说\n字 数\n118000\n首版时间\n1897年\n \n同义词\n隐身人（赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯著长篇小说）一般指隐形人（赫伯特·威尔斯著长篇小说）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n隐形人内容简介\n\n请问《隐形人》这部小说是谁创作的？", - "你好，Human。《隐形人》这部小说是由英国小说家赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯（Herbert George Wells）创作的。" + "《隐形人》这部小说是由英国小说家赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯（Herbert George Wells）创作的。" ], [ "《隐形人》的故事情节是什么？", @@ -24826,7 +24826,7 @@ "history": [ [ "病理学与病理生理学\n《病理学与病理生理学》是2016年科学出版社出版的图书，作者是丁运良、王见遐、郭家林。\n书 名\n病理学与病理生理学\n作 者\n丁运良、王见遐、郭家林\n出版社\n科学出版社\n出版时间\n2016年8月\nISBN\n9787030485403\n \n病理学与病理生理学图书简介 \n本教材共26章，涵盖病理学和病理生理学内容。前15章为总论，重点叙述疾病的基本形态、功能代谢变化及基本病理过程；后11章为各论部分，主要叙述常见病及多发病的病因、发病机制、病理变化与临床病理联系。各章后附有目标检测，以方便学生巩固知识、灵活运用。全书内容丰富，图文并茂，具有较强的临床指导性。\n病理学与病理生理学图书目录 \n绪论第1章疾病概论第2章细胞、组织的适应、损伤与修复第3章局部血液循环障碍第4章水、电解质代谢紊乱第5章水肿第6章炎症第7章酸碱平衡紊乱第8章发热第9章缺氧第10章休克第11章弥散性血管内凝血第12章应激第13章缺血-再灌注损伤第14章黄疸第15章肿瘤第16章心血管系统疾病第17章心力衰竭第18章呼吸系统疾病第19章呼吸衰竭第20章消化系统疾病第21章肝性脑病第22章泌尿系统疾病第23章肾衰竭第24章生殖系统疾病与乳腺疾病第25章传染病第26章寄生虫病主要参考文献《病理学与病理生理学》教学基本要求\n\n我正在寻找一本关于病理学和病理生理学的书籍，可以给我推荐一下吗？", - "你好，Human！我可以向你推荐一本叫《病理学与病理生理学》的书籍。这本书是由丁运良、王见遐、郭家林联合编写的，于2016年8月由科学出版社出版。它共有26章，涵盖了病理学和病理生理学的内容。这本书的ISBN为9787030485403，形式详实且具有很强的临床指导性。" + "我可以向你推荐一本叫《病理学与病理生理学》的书籍。这本书是由丁运良、王见遐、郭家林联合编写的，于2016年8月由科学出版社出版。它共有26章，涵盖了病理学和病理生理学的内容。这本书的ISBN为9787030485403，形式详实且具有很强的临床指导性。" ], [ "这本书分成了哪些部分？请给我简要介绍一下。", @@ -24868,7 +24868,7 @@ "history": [ [ "耶鲁大学艺术学院康涅狄格州纽海芬市的私立大学\n耶鲁大学艺术学院隶属于“常春藤”名校耶鲁大学。她和哈佛，普林斯顿大学齐名，历年来共同角逐美国大学和研究生院前三名的位置，该校教授阵容，课程安排，教学设施方面堪称世界一流。\n中文名\n耶鲁大学艺术学院\n外文名\nYale University School of Art\n创办时间\n1701年\n办学性质\n私立大学\n所属地区\n康涅狄格州纽海芬市\n隶 属\n耶鲁大学\n \n耶鲁大学艺术学院学校历史 \n二十世纪中叶，耶鲁大学率先将绘画、雕塑、摄影、设计和新媒体艺术纳入本科生和研究生课程，迄今已成为这方面的领袖。艺术学院致力于融合思想和创造，使满怀抱负的艺术家得以利用耶鲁其他学科的卓越资源，从而吸引了来自世界各地最具天才的年轻人。1960年代，包豪斯艺术大师约瑟夫∙阿尔伯斯（Josef Albers）加盟耶鲁大学艺术学院，自那之后，艺术学院业已吸引无数其他院校无可比拟的教师队伍。另外，大批在过去半个世纪曾经影响视觉艺术发展方向的艺术家和评论家都曾到耶鲁访问、演讲。而且，许多艺术学院的学子如今已进入各个艺术领域的前沿。艺术学院拥有出色的教师和客座演讲者，各种新媒体设施，一座新的当代艺术展厅。学院还与耶鲁大学画廊和其他艺术院系共同开发组织各种项目和活动。所有这些使得艺术学院为学生、大学乃至社会观察艺术领域业已和正在发生的现象并探察未来可能出现的情形提供广阔的视角。\n耶鲁大学艺术学院学校环境\n\n请问耶鲁大学艺术学院是什么时候创立的？", - "你好，Human！耶鲁大学艺术学院创立于1701年。这所学校经过多年的发展，如今已成为世界一流的艺术学校，拥有优秀的师资队伍和广泛的国际影响力。" + "耶鲁大学艺术学院创立于1701年。这所学校经过多年的发展，如今已成为世界一流的艺术学校，拥有优秀的师资队伍和广泛的国际影响力。" ], [ "耶鲁大学艺术学院所在的位置是哪里？", @@ -25594,7 +25594,7 @@ "history": [ [ "建筑平面图建筑布局图纸\n建筑平面图，又可简称平面图，是将新建建筑物或构筑物的墙、门窗、楼梯、地面及内部功能布局等建筑情况，以水平投影方法和相应的图例所组成的图纸。\n中文名\n建筑平面图\n外文名\narchitectural plan\n简 称\n平面图\n作 用\n反映出房屋的平面形状\n意 义\n是建筑立面及内部结构关键环节\n \n建筑平面图形成 \n用一个假想的水平剖切平面沿略高于窗台的位置剖切房屋后，移去上面的部分，对剩下部分向H面做正投影，所得的水平剖面图，称为建筑平面图，简称平面图。\n建筑平面图作用 \n建筑平面图是建筑施工图的基本样图，它是假想用一水平的剖切面沿门窗洞位置将房屋剖切后，对剖切面以下部分所作的水平投影图。它反映出房屋的平面形状、大小和布置；墙、柱的位置、尺寸和材料；门窗的类型和位置等。\n建筑平面图意义 \n建筑平面图作为建筑设计、施工图纸中的重要组成部分，它反映建筑物的功能需要、平面布局及其平面的构成关系，是决定建筑立面及内部结构的关键环节。其主要反映建筑的平面形状、大小、内部布局、地面、门窗的具体位置和占地面积等情况。所以说，建筑平面图是新建建筑物的施工及施工现场布置的重要依据，也是设计及规划给排水、强弱电、暖通设备等专业工程平面图和绘制管线综合图的依据据。 \n建筑平面图类别 \n按工种分类一般分建筑平面图按工种分类一般可分为建筑施工图、结构施工图和设备施工图。用作施工使用的房屋建筑平面图,一般有：底层平面图（表示第一层房间的布置、建筑入口、门厅及楼梯等）、标准层平面图（表示中间各层的布置）、顶层平面图（房屋最高层的平面布置图）以及屋顶平面图（即屋顶平面的水平投影,其比例尺一般比其他平面图为小）。按照其反映的内容分建筑平面图按照其反映的内容可分为：\n底层平面图又称一层平面图或首层平面图。它是所有建筑平面图中首先绘制的一张图。绘制此图时，应将剖切平面选房在房屋的一层地面与从一楼通向二楼的休息平台之间，且要尽量通过该层上所有的门窗洞。\n\n请问建筑平面图是什么？", - "你好，Human！建筑平面图，又简称为平面图，是将新建建筑物或构筑物的墙、门窗、楼梯、地面及内部功能布局等情况，以水平投影方法和相应的图例所组成的图纸。它主要反映建筑的平面形状、大小、内部布局、地面、门窗的具体位置和占地面积等情况。具有很高的实用价值，是新建建筑物的施工及施工现场布置的重要依据。" + "建筑平面图，又简称为平面图，是将新建建筑物或构筑物的墙、门窗、楼梯、地面及内部功能布局等情况，以水平投影方法和相应的图例所组成的图纸。它主要反映建筑的平面形状、大小、内部布局、地面、门窗的具体位置和占地面积等情况。具有很高的实用价值，是新建建筑物的施工及施工现场布置的重要依据。" ], [ "建筑平面图是怎么形成的呢？", @@ -25651,11 +25651,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你。你帮了我很大的忙。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能够帮助您了解李海仁的相关信息。如果您还有其他问题或需求，请随时提问，我会竭诚为您解答。祝您生活愉快！", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能够帮助您了解李海仁的相关信息。如果您还有其他问题或需求，请随时提问，我会竭诚为您解答。祝您生活愉快！", "history": [ [ "李海仁韩国演员兼歌手\n中文名\n李海仁\n外文名\nLee Hae In\n别 名\n이해인\n国 籍\n韩国\n出生地\n庆尚南道马山市\n出生日期\n1986年4月19日\n星 座\n白羊座\n血 型\nA型\n身 高\n169 cm\n体 重\n48 kg\n毕业院校\n首尔艺术大学\n职 业\n艺人\n经纪公司\nCore Contents Media\n代表作品\n《至诚感天》、《恶女日记4》\n主要成就\n第3届亚洲珠宝评审会红宝石奖\n属 相\n虎\n宗 教\n基督教\n爱 好\n爵士舞 摄影\n专 长\n钢琴\n \n基本信息\n李海仁附加信息 \n性格：洒脱、随和理想型：苏志燮2演员出道：2006 KBS《十九岁的纯情》主持出道：2010 MBN《演艺杂志VIP》歌手出道：2012 Gangkiz 《We became gang》所属组合：Gangkiz （2013年3月退出）所属公司：Core Contents Media韩国某知名网站推选的“五大美女”二期出身。通过电视节目《过山车》人气直线上升被称为“梅花鹿女孩”。独特的相貌和气质酷似日本女星广末凉子，因此曾有“韩国的广末凉子”之称。\n李海仁早年经历 \n李海仁演员出道\n出道时间：2006年出道电视剧：《十九岁的纯情》放送单位：Korea Broadcasting System\n李海仁主持出道\n出道日期：2010年4月2日出道节目：《演艺杂志VIP》放送单位：Maeil Business Network播出时间： 12:30合作艺人：黄贤熙\n李海仁歌手出道\n \ngangkiz(2张)\n 出道日期：2012年5月18日出道专辑：《We became gang》出道歌曲：《HONEY HONEY》出道地点：KBS2《音乐银行》出道专辑：《We became gang》所属公司：GM Contents MediaSpeed组合\n李海仁作品简介\n\n请问这里有关于李海仁的信息吗？", - "你好，Human！我可以帮您提供关于李海仁的一些基本信息。李海仁是一位韩国演员和歌手，出生于1986年4月19日，来自庆尚南道马山市。她的血型是A型，身高169厘米，体重48公斤。她毕业于首尔艺术大学并签约于Core Contents Media。李海仁主要参演作品有《至诚感天》和《恶女日记4》，并曾获得第3届亚洲珠宝评审会红宝石奖。此外，她还热衷于爵士舞和摄影。" + "我可以帮您提供关于李海仁的一些基本信息。李海仁是一位韩国演员和歌手，出生于1986年4月19日，来自庆尚南道马山市。她的血型是A型，身高169厘米，体重48公斤。她毕业于首尔艺术大学并签约于Core Contents Media。李海仁主要参演作品有《至诚感天》和《恶女日记4》，并曾获得第3届亚洲珠宝评审会红宝石奖。此外，她还热衷于爵士舞和摄影。" ], [ "能跟我讲讲李海仁的演员、主持和歌手出道经历吗？", @@ -25678,7 +25678,7 @@ "history": [ [ "隔离区美国2008年约翰·埃里克·道达尔执导电影\n《隔离区》是由约翰·埃里克·道达尔执导，珍妮弗·卡彭特领衔主演的科幻恐怖片。影片讲述了新闻记者安吉拉・维达尔参加一个在洛杉矶某消防局与队员共度夜晚的节目后，随消防员出警后遭遇恐怖事件的故事\n。该片于2008年10月10日在美国上映。\n中文名\n隔离区\n外文名\nQuarantined\n其他译名\n致命隔离区、死亡直播（台湾）\n类 型\n科幻、惊悚、恐怖\n制片地区\n美国\n导 演\n约翰·埃里克·道达尔\n编 剧\n德鲁·道达尔、约翰·埃里克·道达尔、帕科·普拉扎\n主 演\n珍妮弗·卡彭特\n片 长\n89 分钟\n上映时间\n2008年10月10日（美国）\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\n电影分级\nR\n制片成本\n$12,000,000（估计）\n \n基本信息\n \n隔离区剧情简介 \n \n剧照(20张)\n 接到台里指派的采访任务，新闻记者安吉拉・维达尔和摄影师斯科特・珀西瓦尔在傍晚时分来到洛杉矶的消防大队，他们要在这里耗上整个晚上，切身去体会和报道这些勇敢的消防队员的工作与生活。在接到一通非常常规的火警之后，安吉拉和斯科特随着消防队出警，根据无线电的指示，他们来到了一幢公寓楼前，然而让安吉拉感到万分奇怪的是，这里停满了闪烁着警灯的警车，他们已经先消防队一步封锁了大楼周围的整个区域。似乎是在衬托这种紧张的气氛，楼里时不时还传出女人凄厉的尖叫声，安吉拉觉得自己的血液瞬间凝固了，一丝丝寒意直进骨髓。安吉拉很快就从先行抵达的警察那里得知，原来住在这里的一个女人不知道得了什么病，突然发了疯，在楼道里来回地穿梭。为了不危及楼里其他住户的人身安全，他们决定把这个女人带回医院做详细的检查。出于职业的敏感和责任，安吉拉决定带着摄影师斯科特随着两名消防队员、两名警察一同进入公寓楼，可是他们很快就发现里面的事态已经不是他们所能控制的了，在那个女人袭击了几个居住在楼里的人之后，安吉拉等人决定退出大楼请求支援，可是更让他们始料不及的是，“疾病预防控制中心”彻底地封锁了整个大楼，不仅不允许任何人员的进出，还切断了电话、网线、电视以及手机信号通道，显然，他们要让楼里所有的人都困死在里面。时间飞逝，当楼里不再传出恐怖悲惨的尖叫声、慢慢回归到死一样的寂静后，对整幢大楼的封锁也宣布解除，没有人知道这段时间到底发生了什么事，只有斯科特留下的一盘录像带，那里记录了他们所经历的死亡遭遇\n。\n隔离区演职员表 \n隔离区演员表\n\n请问电影《隔离区》是在哪年上映的？", - "你好，Human！电影《隔离区》是在2008年10月10日在美国上映的。" + "电影《隔离区》是在2008年10月10日在美国上映的。" ], [ "电影的导演是谁，他还编写了剧本吗？", @@ -25697,7 +25697,7 @@ "history": [ [ "龙凤阁\n龙凤阁是一家游戏公会，成立于2008年，2008年12月2号，公会开荒GLR成功，同年12月7号，开荒MSLD成功。\n中文名\n龙凤阁\n定 义\n游戏工会\n公会高层\n会长：谶髭头灬延续\n创建时间 \n2008年11月12日\n \n龙凤阁简介 \n龙凤阁工会成立\n是与2008年11月11日，光棍节有密切关系，正是因为那天无聊时的屠城使“谶髭头灬”家族，萌生了建立公会的想法。也可以说这个“节日”成就了《龙凤阁》公会。\n龙凤阁成长经历\n最初:在战歌这个休闲玩家横行的服务器，想要真正的组织起一群稳定的玩家是相当困难的，公会最初从KLZ,ZAM等10本起步。在当时大多数玩家装备基础不高，没有太多的副本经验的情况下，还是在ZAM开出了三箱子，是相当不易的。2008年12月2号，公会开荒GLR成功，同年12月7号，开荒MSLD成功。这看似很简单，可是这个在3.05之前，团队里50%蓝绿，30%战场装的情况下通过的，实属不易。3.05的到来：看似一切变得简单，可公会却面临着极大的困难，人员的流失与不稳定，以及公会缺少T6本有经验的RL，使得活动难以进行。这时公会高层做出了一个重大的决定，暂时离开战歌，提升家族的装备与经验。回归：经过三个多月的提升，在2009年3月12号，公会高层集体回归战歌。这时已经有了更好的装备以及TBC全通的经验，《龙凤阁》准备重新起飞， 当周众多老团员回归，与此同时又有了许多新鲜血液的注入。第一个CD，HS，BT全通，也许真是昭示王者回归，第一个CD就出了主手D刀。第二个CD公会进度已到双子，当时也是在大部分装备基础不高，缺乏SW经验的情况下完成的。\n龙凤阁感谢 \n弗萨雷加服务器，《天下豪门》公会《仙草乐园》公会。也感谢无故开怪的1%选手“驱逐”、感谢所有一直守候“回归”的兄弟、感谢猥琐的坏大叔拉裤子、和更大的大叔若名、和更猥琐的大B、魔龙、米罗、硬条、怨妇YMD、再婚的伤城等，还要感谢所有同公会一直走到现在的所有人。因为大家一起游戏才有了WOW的乐趣，从而得到更多。真的感谢你们所有人。所有走过的人。咟喥咟萪\n\n请问2008年龙凤阁公会成立与哪个节日密切相关？", - "你好，Human。2008年龙凤阁公会的成立与光棍节（11月11日）密切相关。当时的屠城活动使“谶髭头灬”家族萌生了建立公会的想法，正是因为这个节日的特殊性和家族成员的无聊时刻，使龙凤阁成立得以实现。" + "2008年龙凤阁公会的成立与光棍节（11月11日）密切相关。当时的屠城活动使“谶髭头灬”家族萌生了建立公会的想法，正是因为这个节日的特殊性和家族成员的无聊时刻，使龙凤阁成立得以实现。" ], [ "龙凤阁最开始的游戏活动开展是如何进行的？", @@ -26257,7 +26257,7 @@ "history": [ [ "胆小鬼威利\n《胆小鬼威利》是2009年8月1日21世纪出版社出版的图书，作者是（英）安东尼·布朗（文/图），译者是唐玲。\n书 名\n胆小鬼威利\n作 者\n安东尼·布朗 \n类 别\n儿童绘本\n译 者\n唐玲\n出版社\n２１世纪出版社\n出版时间\n2009年8月1日\n定 价\n22.8 元\n开 本\n16 开\nISBN\n9787539150376\n出品方\n蒲蒲兰绘本馆\n \n胆小鬼威利内容简介 \n再也不想被叫做胆小鬼，威利下决心要变强变壮……威利是一只善良的小猩猩，什么东西都不忍心伤害。一次，他出去散步，被一群小混混边打边叫他“胆小鬼威利”，威利讨厌这个外号。晚上，威利在报纸广告上发现了一本能使自己变得强壮的书，于是他就邮购了这本书……\n胆小鬼威利作家简介 \n安东尼·布朗，1946年生于英国谢菲尔德郡。他从小就喜欢艺术，经常跟着父亲一起画画，后来进入哈瑞·都柏朗的利兹艺术学院学习绘画课程。安东尼·布朗毕业后在曼彻斯特皇家医院工作，曾为一些医学书籍做插图。而最终，他投身于自己热爱的“真正绘画”，并在绘本创作上取得了极大的成功。特殊的经历打造了安东尼·布朗独具魅力的艺术风格。一方面，医学插画的创作经验使他的绘画细腻写实，绝不粗疏；另一方面，由于受到超现实主义画家玛格丽特的影响，他往往在利落的构图、鲜明的色彩、戏剧性的画面中蕴藏“神奇而幽默的元素”。在种种精彩绝伦的构想中，他的作品时而冷静沉着，时而幻想浪漫，时而风趣可爱，时而韵味悠长。总之，他的绘本总是不时地给人新的发现和惊喜，让读者在反复的阅读和品味中感受无尽的乐趣。令人感动的是，大师安东尼·布朗不仅具有天才的艺术思维，还怀有热诚的心灵。他的创作勇于反映现实，关注家庭生活、亲子关系，以及女性主义、弱势群体等这些社会主题。更可贵的是，他能够深入观察和把握儿童的特点，体会并理解他们的真实需要，努力呈现他们的内心世界，因此经常能够帮助孩子们找到情感的寄托和安慰，从而获得希望和快乐。安东尼·布朗的作品很多，著名的《大猩猩》、《我爸爸》、《我妈妈》、《我喜欢书》等都是他的代表作品，而一只经常出现其中的小猩猩威利也已成为了经典的绘本形象。安东尼·布朗在绘本领域所获的奖项更是耀眼夺目——凯特·格林纳威奖、科特·马希拉奖，以及德国绘本奖、安徒生大奖、荷兰银画笔奖等，这使安东尼·朗这个名字广为人知，异常响亮。 \n绘本阅览(15张)\n\n请问你能给我推荐一本关于勇敢的儿童绘本吗？", - "你好，Human！我为您推荐《胆小鬼威利》这本儿童绘本。这是一本关于勇敢的故事，讲述了主人公威利，一只善良的小猩猩，为了不再被称为胆小鬼，下决心变得强壮的过程。这本书将会激励孩子们勇敢面对挑战，并学会如何成为勇敢的自己。" + "我为您推荐《胆小鬼威利》这本儿童绘本。这是一本关于勇敢的故事，讲述了主人公威利，一只善良的小猩猩，为了不再被称为胆小鬼，下决心变得强壮的过程。这本书将会激励孩子们勇敢面对挑战，并学会如何成为勇敢的自己。" ], [ "请告诉我《胆小鬼威利》的作者和出版信息。", @@ -26509,7 +26509,7 @@ "history": [ [ "控制器按照预定改变主电路或控制电路的装置\n控制器（controller）是指按照预定顺序改变主电路或控制电路的接线和改变电路中电阻值来控制电动机的启动、调速、制动和反向的主令装置。由程序计数器、指令寄存器、指令译码器、时序产生器和操作控制器组成，它是发布命令的“决策机构”，即完成协调和指挥整个计算机系统的操作。\n中文名\n控制器\n外文名\ncontroller\n作 用\n按照预定改变主电路或控制电路\n设 备\n逻辑控制器和微程序控制器\n特 点\n各有长处和短处\n \n控制器主要分类 \n控制器分组合逻辑控制器和微程序控制器，两种控制器各有长处和短处。组合逻辑控制器设计麻烦，结构复杂，一旦设计完成，就不能再修改或扩充，但它的速度快。微程序控制器设计方便，结构简单，修改或扩充都方便，修改一条机器指令的功能，只需重编所对应的微程序；要增加一条机器指令，只需在控制存储器中增加一段微程序，但是，它是通过执行一段微程。具体对比如下：组合逻辑控制器又称硬布线控制器，由逻辑电路构成，完全靠硬件来实现指令的功能。\n控制器工作原理 \n电磁吸盘控制器：交流电压380V经变压器降压后，经过整流器整流变成110V直流后经控制装置进入吸盘此时吸盘被充磁，退磁时通入反向电压线路，控制器达到退磁功能。门禁控制器：门禁控制器工作在两种模式之下。一种是巡检模式，另一种是识别模式。在巡检模式下，控制器不断向读卡器发送查询代码，并接收读卡器的回复命令。这种模式会一直保持下去，直至读卡器感应到卡片。当读卡器感应到卡片后，读卡器对控制器的巡检命令产生不同的回复，在这个回复命令中，读卡器将读到的感应卡内码数据传送到门禁控制器，使门禁控制器进入到识别模式。在门禁控制器的识别模式下，门禁控制器分析感应卡内码，同设备内存储的卡片数据进行比对，并实施后续动作。门禁控制器完成接收数据的动作后，会发送命令回复读卡器，使读卡器恢复状态，同时，门禁控制器重新回到巡检模式。\n控制器常见种类 \n控制器组合逻辑\n组合逻辑控制器由时序电路、指令译码电路和组合逻辑电路三部分组成。通过指令译码器确定当前执行的指令，结合时序电路产生的节拍，共同作为组合逻辑电路的输人结果输出相应的控制信号。组合逻辑控制器是由复杂组合逻辑门电路和触发器构成，执行速度快，因此在计算机结构比如RISC中得到广泛应用。\n\n请问控制器是什么？", - "你好，Human！控制器（controller）是指按照预定顺序改变主电路或控制电路的接线和改变电路中电阻值来控制电动机的启动、调速、制动和反向的主令装置。它由程序计数器、指令寄存器、指令译码器、时序产生器和操作控制器组成，是发布命令的决策机构，负责协调和指挥整个计算机系统的操作。" + "控制器（controller）是指按照预定顺序改变主电路或控制电路的接线和改变电路中电阻值来控制电动机的启动、调速、制动和反向的主令装置。它由程序计数器、指令寄存器、指令译码器、时序产生器和操作控制器组成，是发布命令的决策机构，负责协调和指挥整个计算机系统的操作。" ], [ "控制器有哪些主要分类？", @@ -27154,7 +27154,7 @@ "history": [ [ "红高粱家族莫言著长篇小说\n《红高粱家族》是中国当代作家莫言的作品。《红高粱家族》由《红高粱》《高粱酒》《高粱殡》《狗道》《奇死》五部组成。\n《红高粱》主要通过“我的奶奶”戴凤莲以及“我的爷爷”余占鳌两个人之间的故事，讲述发生在山东的生命赞歌。《红高粱》主线是“爷爷”余占鳌率领的武装压击日军，辅线是“爷爷”余占鳌和“我奶奶”戴凤莲之间的爱情故事。故事发生的主要地点是高密东北乡。小说里的主要人物有的是自发的造反势力，有的是混乱和无纪律的地方首领。他们没有救国家和人民群众的主动意识。他们反抗的原因来源于为自身的生存而抗争。整部小说中没有着墨太多的正面形象，“我爷爷”这个人物形象的塑造既是“土匪”又是“抗日英雄”的双重身份，土匪的野性和英雄的血气使人物更加丰满和真实，还原了真实的历史一幕。在小说中，莫言竭尽全力的对几乎所有的战争场面都进行了精心的雕刻，无论战争场面的大小，甚至人与野狗在吞噬尸体时的较量也用了极多的笔触，展现了一幅幅尸横遍野、血肉横飞的血淋淋的画面。在这些血肉交汇之中，莫言描绘了一片红如鲜血的红高粱，整个世界都是血红的。莫言正是以这种狂欢式的语言、天马行空式的笔触，塑造了一个在伦理道德边缘的红高粱世界，一种土匪式英雄，他们做尽坏事但也报效国家，他们缱绻相爱、英勇搏杀，充满着又离经叛道又拥有无限生气的时代气息。《红高粱》是一部表现高密人民在抗日战争中的顽强生命力和充满血性与民族精神的经典之作。\n作品名称\n红高粱家族\n作 者\n莫言\n文学体裁\n长篇小说\n出版时间\n2012年10月（第一版）\n字 数\n302千字\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n红高粱家族内容简介 \n《红高粱》通过“我”的叙述，描写了抗日战争期间，“我”的祖先在高密东北乡轰轰烈烈、英勇悲壮的人生故事。故事的主线是“我”的爷爷和奶奶，故事发生的主要地点是高密东北乡。“我”的爷爷叫余占鳌，奶奶叫戴凤莲，至于高密东北乡这个地方作者对其做过如下的描述：“最美丽最丑陋、最超脱最世俗同时最圣洁最龌龊，也是最英雄好汉最王八蛋以及最能喝酒和最能爱的地方，这就是高密东北乡。”\n“我”奶奶戴凤莲，做大姑娘时因为有一双难得的小脚和姣好的面容，被拥有高粱酒作坊的财主单廷秀看重，曾外祖父为了钱财小利不惜将刚满十六岁的戴凤莲嫁给了单廷秀得麻风病的独生儿子单扁郎。\n\n你好，请问《红高粱家族》是谁创作的作品？", - "你好，Human，《红高粱家族》是中国当代作家莫言的作品。这是一部长篇小说，通过生动的描绘讲述了发生在山东高密的一段抗日战争故事。" + "《红高粱家族》是中国当代作家莫言的作品。这是一部长篇小说，通过生动的描绘讲述了发生在山东高密的一段抗日战争故事。" ], [ "能简要介绍下，这部小说的主线故事吗？", @@ -27340,7 +27340,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黄道十二宫\n黄道十二宫，是占星学的术语，起源于巴比伦。它是在西洋占星术中描述黄道带上人为划分的十二个随中气点移动（与实际星座位置不一致）的均等区域，并使用这些区域分别充当实际的黄道星座。“黄道十二宫”（zodiac）一词来自希腊语zodiakos，意思是动物园。在希腊人眼里，星座是由各种不同的动物形成，这也就是十二个星座名称的由来。太阳周年视运动在天球上的路径，就是黄道。在天文学上，由于地球绕太阳公转，从地球上看，太阳慢慢在星空背景上移动，一年正好移动一圈，回到原位，太阳如此“走”过的路线就叫 “黄道”。换句话说：地球公转轨道平面无限扩大而与天球相交的大圆，就是黄道。黄道带宽18度，环绕地球一周为360度，黄道面包括了除冥王星以外所有行星运转的轨道，也包含了星座，恰好约每30度范围内各有一个星座，总计为十二个星座，称为“黄道十二宫”。在历法学上，黄道十二宫的划分本身是一种太阳历，以春分点为起点，太阳在黄道带上视运动每运转30度为一宫，其实是一个太阳月。需要指出的是，黄道十二宫的宫名是借用附近的星座名字，就像是中国干支历法当中的十二地支借用十二种动物的形象一样，与实际的星座是不同的。\n中文名\n黄道十二宫\n外文名\nzodiac\n希腊语\nzodiakos\n意 思\n动物园\n信 息\n要用指南针定位\n \n \n白羊座\n \n金牛座\n \n双子座\n \n巨蟹座\n \n狮子座\n \n室女座\n \n天秤座\n \n天蝎座\n \n人马座\n \n摩羯座\n \n宝瓶座\n \n双鱼座\n展开\n \n黄道十二宫简介\n\n请问黄道十二宫是什么？", - "你好，Human！黄道十二宫起源于巴比伦，是占星学的术语。在西洋占星术中，黄道十二宫是将黄道带上的空间划分为十二个均等区域。每个区域都与一个黄道星座相对应。这些区域是人为设立的，并不直接与实际的星座位置相一致。黄道十二宫的名称来自希腊语的“zodiakos”，意为动物园，因为希腊人认为星座是由各种动物形成的。黄道是地球公转轨道平面无限扩大与天球相交的大圆，上面有具体的十二个星座，每个星座约占30度。" + "黄道十二宫起源于巴比伦，是占星学的术语。在西洋占星术中，黄道十二宫是将黄道带上的空间划分为十二个均等区域。每个区域都与一个黄道星座相对应。这些区域是人为设立的，并不直接与实际的星座位置相一致。黄道十二宫的名称来自希腊语的“zodiakos”，意为动物园，因为希腊人认为星座是由各种动物形成的。黄道是地球公转轨道平面无限扩大与天球相交的大圆，上面有具体的十二个星座，每个星座约占30度。" ], [ "那么黄道十二宫的起源和真实的十二星座之间有什么区别？", @@ -28036,7 +28036,7 @@ "history": [ [ "特里·波特\n特里·波特（Terry Porter），1963年4月8日出生于美国威斯康星州密尔沃基，前美国职业篮球运动员，司职控球后卫，现任NCAA波特兰大学校队波特兰飞行员队主教练\n。特里·波特在1985年NBA选秀中于第1轮第24位被波特兰开拓者队选中，职业生涯曾效力于波特兰开拓者队、明尼苏达森林狼队以及圣安东尼奥马刺队，2次入选NBA全明星赛阵容，1993年荣获詹姆斯·沃尔特·肯尼迪公民奖。2002年5月，特里·波特宣布退役。在NBA历史上的所有球员中，波特的总助攻数达到7160个，排第15名（截止2017年）。退役后的他立即在萨克拉门托国王队担任助教，开始自己的执教生涯。2003-04赛季他带领着密尔沃基雄鹿队创造了41胜41负的成绩，2005年卸任。2006-08年赛季担任底特律活塞队助教，2008年6月起担任菲尼克斯太阳队主帅，同年12月16日他的30号球衣被开拓者队退役\n。2009年2月16日被太阳队解雇。2011年12月6日起担任明尼苏达森林狼队助教，2014年卸任。2016年4月2日起担任NCAA波特兰大学校队主帅\n。\n中文名\n特里·波特\n外文名\nTerry Porter\n国 籍\n美国\n出生地\n美国威斯康星州密尔沃基\n出生日期\n1963年4月8日\n身 高\n6英尺3英寸/1.91米\n体 重\n195磅/88公斤\n毕业院校\n威斯康辛大学史帝文分校\n运动项目\n篮球\n所属运动队\n波特兰飞行员队\n主要奖项\n2届NBA全明星阵容（1991；1993）\n1993年詹姆斯·沃尔特·肯尼迪公民奖\n重要事件\n2008年30号球衣被开拓者队退役\n1985年第1轮第24顺位被开拓者选中\n位 置\n后卫\n \n同义词\n波特（美国NBA运动员）一般指特里·波特\n \n特里·波特球员资料 \n特里·波特球员时期\n \n开拓者时期(4张)\n 在这之前，波特刚刚结束了自己长达17个赛季的球员生涯。在 17个赛季中，波特先后效力与波特兰开拓者，明尼苏达森林狼，迈阿密热和圣安东尼奥马刺，他所在球队的胜率达到了815胜547负，胜率达到了 59.8%，而且只有一次没有打入季后赛。在波特的球员生涯中，他一共参加了1274场比赛，平均每场比赛拿到12.2分，5.6次助攻和1.24次抢断。在NBA历史上的所有球员中，波特的总助攻数达到7160，排在第十。不过波特比较悲情，他加盟马刺队的前一个赛季和退役后的那个赛季马刺队都夺得了NBA总冠军。\n\n我想了解一下特里·波特这位篮球运动员和教练，能介绍一下他的基本情况吗？", - "你好，Human！特里·波特，全名Terry Porter，是一位美国籍前职业篮球运动员，司职控球后卫。他出生于1963年4月8日，地点是美国威斯康星州密尔沃基。在整个职业生涯中，波特曾效力于波特兰开拓者队、明尼苏达森林狼队和圣安东尼奥马刺队。1991年和1993年，他两次入选NBA全明星赛阵容。1993年，波特还荣获了詹姆斯·沃尔特·肯尼迪公民奖。2002年5月，他宣布退役。退役之后，波特开启了执教生涯，先后担任多支球队的助教和主教练，现任NCAA波特兰大学校队波特兰飞行员队的主教练。" + "特里·波特，全名Terry Porter，是一位美国籍前职业篮球运动员，司职控球后卫。他出生于1963年4月8日，地点是美国威斯康星州密尔沃基。在整个职业生涯中，波特曾效力于波特兰开拓者队、明尼苏达森林狼队和圣安东尼奥马刺队。1991年和1993年，他两次入选NBA全明星赛阵容。1993年，波特还荣获了詹姆斯·沃尔特·肯尼迪公民奖。2002年5月，他宣布退役。退役之后，波特开启了执教生涯，先后担任多支球队的助教和主教练，现任NCAA波特兰大学校队波特兰飞行员队的主教练。" ], [ "请你告诉我一下，在波特的球员生涯中，他打了多少场比赛，以及他的职业生涯场均得分、助攻和抢断数据？", @@ -28378,7 +28378,7 @@ "history": [ [ "举手其中一只手臂向上伸展\n一般指把其中一只手臂向上伸展，略高过头部，以示意要回答问题，表示不同意或者赞同等。若双手皆举，表示极度赞成。\n中文名\n举手\n外文名\nto raise one's hand\n拼 音\njǔ shǒu\n释 义\n其中一只手臂向上伸展\n \n举手词语解释 \n【汉语拼音】jǔ shǒu【英语】to raise one's hand；to lift up one's hand；hands up!;put up your hand!【释义】1.用举左手和举右手表示分别表示两完全相反的意思，如：同意者举左手，不同意者兴右手；会做饭的举左手，不会做饭的举右手。2.举手之劳，形容轻而易举，毫不费力。清·田兰芳《叙袁仲方（袁可立孙）甲子秋冬诗》：“余之所望于白村者，其说固明白，亦何至吝此举手，而卒不加一字于其间耶。”【造句】1、课堂上张三、李四抢着举手发言。\n举手举手姿势的变化 \n我记得小时候在课堂上举手都是把一只手臂高高举起，高自已头部；最近给孩子上课，他们的手一般都举不过耳朵，因为他们的胳膊肘搭在课桌上。我越看越觉得这种举手姿势显示不出自信，也显得懒。\n举手举手礼 \n中世纪时，骑士们常在公主和贵妇们面前比武。在经过公主的坐席时，骑士们要吟唱一首赞美的情诗，其诗里往往都把公主比作炫目的太阳，骑士们要把手举起来做挡住阳光的姿势，借此一睹芳容，表示虔敬。后来，这种动作便演变成为见到尊敬的人就把手举到眉上，形成举手礼，并一直沿用下来。★标准的军人举手礼口令：敬礼。要领：上体正直，右手取捷径迅速抬起，五指并拢自然伸直，中指微接帽檐右角前约2厘米处（戴无檐帽或者不戴军帽时微接太阳穴，与眉同高），手心向下，微向外张（约20度），手腕不得弯曲，右大臂略平，与两肩略成一线，同时注视受礼者。\n\n我对举手这个动作有一些疑问，希望你能帮我解答。", - "当然可以，Human。请随意提问，我会尽力帮助你解答。" + "请随意提问，我会尽力帮助你解答。" ], [ "举手这个动作在不同语境中会有哪些意义？", @@ -28531,7 +28531,7 @@ "history": [ [ "可不\n可不是指岂不；难道不，出处元 李寿卿 《伍员吹箫》第一折。\n中文名\n可不\n拼 音\nkě bù\n注 音\nㄎㄜˇ ㄅㄨˋ\n释 义\n.岂不；难道不\n \n可不基本解释 \n◎ 可不 kěbu[that is so;really;sure enough; now I think of it] 可不是,用反诘形式加强语气,表示赞同附和别人的话。【可以不是】的简化词，即：“可以不这样”。例：甲：那家伙有点生性多疑。乙：可不（可以不是那样），还当做优点呢。如果只释两三个字，可不或可不是，相当于否认“那家伙生性多疑”。\n可不详细解释 \n释义：(1).岂不；难道不【出处】：元 李寿卿 《伍员吹箫》第一折：“报与 伍员 知道，可不好也！”【示例】：元 郑廷玉 《后庭花》第二折：“ 王庆 你可不听见！”释义：(2).见“ 可不是 ”\n咟喥咟萪\n\n你好，请问“可不”是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！“可不”是一个表示岂不、难道不的中文短语。它主要用于表示赞同或附和别人的话，以反诘形式加强语气。它还可以表示对某个事实的确认。例如，当有人说“那家伙有点生性多疑”，你回应“可不”，就是表示“难道不是吗？”或“确实如此”。" + "“可不”是一个表示岂不、难道不的中文短语。它主要用于表示赞同或附和别人的话，以反诘形式加强语气。它还可以表示对某个事实的确认。例如，当有人说“那家伙有点生性多疑”，你回应“可不”，就是表示“难道不是吗？”或“确实如此”。" ], [ "那么“可不”这个词汇的出处是哪里？", @@ -28831,7 +28831,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴塞罗那自治大学西班牙世界级顶尖大学\n巴塞罗那自治大学\n（加泰罗尼亚文：Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona），简称巴自治（UAB），始建于1968年，是西班牙的一所世界著名研究型大学，位于西班牙加泰罗尼亚自治区首府巴塞罗那。巴塞罗那自治大学作为西班牙最高学府之一，拥有欧洲顶尖的师资、教学器材及实验室，学校不断致力于国际化发展，因其杰出的研究和教学质量扬名世界，现不但傲居西班牙之冠，更被公认为欧洲最优秀的大学之一。巴塞罗那自治大学是欧洲创新大学联盟（ECIU）、欧洲大学协会（EUA）、欧洲年轻研究型大学联盟、Vives大学网络（XVU）和四校联盟（A-4U）的成员。拥有超过3600\n名学术研究人员，其中包括1600多名来自56个国家的学者。学校高度国际化，大学分别设有西班牙语、加泰罗尼亚语和英语三种语言授课模式。根据2021年QS世界大学学科排名，巴塞罗那自治大学共9个学科领域排名跻身世界前100位，兽医、考古学、现代语言、农业、地理学、社会学、社会政策与管理、经济学和教育学。\nUAB位列2018泰晤士高等教育世界年轻大学排名第13位\n，2021U.S. News世界大学排名第152位 ，2021泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名第182位，\n2021年软科世界大学排名第201-300位。\n中文名\n巴塞罗那自治大学\n外文名\n加泰罗尼亚文：Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona\n西班牙文：Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona\n英文：Autonomous University of Barcelona\n别 名\nUAB、巴自治\n所属地区\n加泰罗尼亚自治区首府巴塞罗那\n类 型\n公立综合研究型大学\n建校时间\n1968\n现任校长\nProf.Javier Lafuente Sancho\n主要院系\n社会科学、技术与工程科学、医学、商业与经济等\n主要奖项\n诺贝尔奖、普利兹克奖\n学校特色\n欧洲创新大学联盟成员\n欧洲大学协会成员\n欧洲年轻研究型大学联盟成员\n所属国家\n西班牙\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n巴塞罗那自治大学学校概况 \n巴塞罗那自治大学\n\n请你告诉我一下巴塞罗那自治大学的简介吧。", - "你好，Human。巴塞罗那自治大学（Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona，简称UAB）始建于1968年，位于西班牙加泰罗尼亚自治区首府巴塞罗那。它是西班牙的一所世界著名研究型大学，同时也是欧洲最优秀的大学之一。该校因其杰出的研究和教学质量而享有盛誉。UAB是欧洲创新大学联盟（ECIU）、欧洲大学协会（EUA）、欧洲年轻研究型大学联盟、Vives大学网络（XVU）和四校联盟（A-4U）的成员。学校设有西班牙语、加泰罗尼亚语和英语三种语言授课模式，具有高度国际化特点。" + "巴塞罗那自治大学（Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona，简称UAB）始建于1968年，位于西班牙加泰罗尼亚自治区首府巴塞罗那。它是西班牙的一所世界著名研究型大学，同时也是欧洲最优秀的大学之一。该校因其杰出的研究和教学质量而享有盛誉。UAB是欧洲创新大学联盟（ECIU）、欧洲大学协会（EUA）、欧洲年轻研究型大学联盟、Vives大学网络（XVU）和四校联盟（A-4U）的成员。学校设有西班牙语、加泰罗尼亚语和英语三种语言授课模式，具有高度国际化特点。" ], [ "巴塞罗那自治大学的学术实力如何呢？", @@ -29350,7 +29350,7 @@ "history": [ [ "程诚中国内地影视男演员\n中文名\n程诚\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n出生地\n吉林省长春市\n出生日期\n1月13日\n星 座\n摩羯座\n血 型\nAB型\n身 高\n178 cm\n毕业院校\n北京电影学院表演学院本科\n职 业\n演员\n代表作品\n龙珠传奇之无间道、新水浒传、笑傲江湖、紫钗奇缘、青云志\n工作单位\n天津人民艺术剧院\n \n基本信息\n程诚早年经历 \n程诚出生于吉林省长春市，他从小就学习了长笛；此外，他还学习了武术、骑马。之后，程诚怀揣着对表演的热爱，独自一人来到北京，并顺利考入北京电影学院表演学院。大学毕业后，他成为了天津人民艺术剧院的一名话剧演员；期间他不仅出演了《日出》、《赵氏孤儿》等多部话剧，还参与了歌舞剧《仲夏夜之梦》的演出\n。\n程诚演艺经历 \n \n程诚写真(12张)\n 2003年，出演李舒执导的军旅剧《军歌嘹亮》，在剧中饰演李排长，这是他的首部电视剧作品，从而正式进入演艺圈\n。2005年，出演尹宗灿执导的爱情电影《青燕》，这是他的首部电影作品；之后，程诚由于个人原因而没有继续拍戏。2009年，出演赵镭执导的人物传记题材电视剧《黄炎培》，在剧中饰演男主角黄炎培的儿子黄大能，与张铁林饰演一对父子，从而正式复出\n；同年，出演徐善杰执导的剧情电影《刘民的DV生活》。2011年，出演鞠觉亮执导的古装剧《新水浒传》，在剧中饰演精通阵法且很有谋略的军师朱武，这是他的首部古装剧作品\n。2012年，与林峯、叶璇、陈怡蓉合作主演古装情感剧《紫钗奇缘》，在剧中饰演风流倜傥且才高八斗的男二号李益，从而受到关注\n。 \n程诚剧照(2张)\n 2012年，出演刘恺威、袁姗姗、张檬主演的古装情感剧《美人无泪》，在剧中饰演爱新觉罗·努尔哈赤的第五子爱新觉罗·莽古尔泰；同年，出演霍建华、陈乔恩、袁姗姗主演的古装武侠剧《笑傲江湖》，在剧中饰演嵩山派掌门左冷禅的弟子劳德诺\n。2013年，出演黄俊文、梁胜权执导的古装武侠剧《少年四大名捕》，在剧中饰演四大恶人之一的赵好；同年，出演黄伟杰执导的古装励志喜剧《犀利仁师》，在剧中饰演不凡镖局的下属千面仁\n。2015年，出演陈国坤、杨蓉、苗侨伟主演的革命战争剧《猛龙过江》，在剧中饰演马新冀；同年，出演胡储玺执导的民国情感剧《女管家》，在剧中饰演山鬼\n。2016年，出演李易峰、赵丽颖、杨紫主演的古装仙侠玄幻剧《青云志》，在剧中饰演对鬼道极为精通且一向隐身不露面的鬼先生，从而受到更多关注\n\n你好，请问程诚是哪里人？", - "你好，Human！程诚是中国吉林省长春市的人。如果您有其他关于程诚的问题，请随时提问。" + "程诚是中国吉林省长春市的人。如果您有其他关于程诚的问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "他在哪所学校学的表演？", @@ -29484,7 +29484,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奥兰多·布鲁姆英国影视演员\n奥兰多·布鲁姆（Orlando Bloom），1977年1月13日出生于英国肯特郡坎特伯雷，英国男演员。1997年，参演个人首部电影《王尔德》\n。1999年，奥兰多·布鲁姆参加电影《指环王：护戒使者》的试镜，成功被导演彼得·杰克逊选中并饰演精灵王子莱格拉斯一角。2001年，参演了纪实性战争片《黑鹰坠落》\n；同年，主演的奇幻片《指环王：护戒使者》上映\n。2002年，在喜剧片《拳击小子》中饰演送奶小工吉米\n。2003年，主演的奇幻冒险片《加勒比海盗：黑珍珠号的诅咒》上映\n。2004年，在动作冒险片《特洛伊》中饰演特洛伊二王子帕里斯\n；2006年，主演奇幻片《加勒比海盗：聚魂棺》\n。2007年，主演的奇幻片《加勒比海盗：世界的尽头》在美国上映\n。2009年，奥兰多·布鲁姆被任命为联合国儿童基金会亲善大使。2011年，主演的剧情片《小镇大街》上映\n。2012年，主演的剧情片《三个火枪手》正式上映。2013年，主演剧情片《祖鲁》\n；同年·，在动作冒险片《霍比特人：史矛革之战》中饰演莱戈拉斯\n，凭借该片获得第23届MTV电影奖最佳打斗场面\n。2015年，主演的奇幻冒险片《霍比特人：五军之战》在中国内地上映\n；同年，获得英国电影学院“大不列颠奖”人道主义奖\n。2017年，在动作片《极致追击》中饰演安保专家丹尼·斯特拉顿\n。2020年，主演剧情片《前哨》\n。\n中文名\n奥兰多·布鲁姆\n外文名\nOrlando Jonathan Blanchard Bloom\n别 名\nOrli、OB、开花、奥多多\n国 籍\n英国\n民 族\n英格兰\n出生地\n英国英格兰肯特郡坎特伯雷\n出生日期\n1977年1月13日\n星 座\n摩羯座\n血 型\nA型\n身 高\n180 cm\n毕业院校\n伦敦市政厅音乐戏剧学院\n职 业\n演员、制片人\n代表作品\n魔戒、加勒比海盗、天国王朝、霍比特人、前哨\n主要成就\n欧洲电影奖观众奖最佳男演员\nMTV电影大奖最具突破男演员\n好莱坞电影奖最具突破表演奖\nMTV电影大奖最佳打戏\n信 仰\n佛教\n \n基本信息\n \n奥兰多·布鲁姆早年经历 \n \n幼年及青涩时期(5张)\n\n欢迎帮助我了解关于奥兰多·布鲁姆的一些信息。他是哪个国家的？", - "你好，Human！奥兰多·布鲁姆是英国的一位著名演员。他出生于英国英格兰的肯特郡坎特伯雷。很高兴能帮助您了解他的相关信息，请随时提问。" + "奥兰多·布鲁姆是英国的一位著名演员。他出生于英国英格兰的肯特郡坎特伯雷。很高兴能帮助您了解他的相关信息，请随时提问。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答！他的代表作有哪些？", @@ -29724,7 +29724,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蝴蝶结\n《蝴蝶结》是由能年玲奈担任导演、编剧、主演的一部剧情电影。于2022年2月25日在日本公映.\n本片是能年首部自编自导自演之作，讲述了一个美术大学的学生，因受到疫情影响而不能发表毕业作品，在一系列纠葛中找回自我的故事。\n中文名\n蝴蝶结\n外文名\nRibbon\n类 型\n剧情\n制片地区\n日本\n导 演\n能年玲奈\n编 剧\n能年玲奈\n主 演\n能年玲奈\n片 长\n116 分钟\n上映时间\n2022年2月25日\n对白语言\n日语\n色 彩\n彩色\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n蝴蝶结剧情简介 \n主人公是因为日冕事故而中止了毕业展的一位美术大学生浅川一花（能年玲奈 饰）悲伤不久，她就把没有看过的作品带回家，但各种各样的感情在心中纠缠，甚至和担心她的父母发生冲突。就在这时，她与为画画而着迷的田中再会。为了撬开未来而拼命挣扎的一位美术大学生的身影将在本片中呈现。决定终止2020年主办的活动，尝到了不甘心的滋味。在这样的情况下，她意识到“娱乐、音乐、艺术”才能支撑她。\n蝴蝶结演职员表 \n蝴蝶结演员表\n \n \n能年玲奈 饰 浅川いつか\n-\n \n \n山下莉奥 饰 平井\n-\n \n \n渡边大知 饰 公園で出会う男\n-\n \n \n菅原大吉 饰 いつかの父\n-\n \n \n春木美沙代 饰 いつかの母\n-\n \n \n小野花梨 饰 いつかの妹・まい\n-\n蝴蝶结职员表\n导演\n能年玲奈\n编剧\n能年玲奈\n蝴蝶结幕后花絮 \n能年玲奈看到很多毕业典礼和毕业作品展都因疫情而取消，令学生们感到悲伤，因此她策划拍摄这部影片，并多次采访了美术大学的学生后执笔了剧本。\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n《蝴蝶结》剧照\n蝴蝶结制作发行 \n影片上映能年玲奈自导自演作品《Ribbon》世界首映式将在6月12日第24届上海国际电影节举行。在正篇放映前，上映了来自能年玲奈的视频留言。\n蝴蝶结音乐原声 \n类型曲名演唱者主题曲《ボクだけのもの》サンボマスター\n\n请问《蝴蝶结》是什么类型的电影？", - "你好，Human！《蝴蝶结》是一部剧情电影，由能年玲奈担任导演、编剧和主演。这部影片讲述了一个美术大学的学生，因受到疫情影响而不能发表毕业作品，在一系列纠葛中找回自我的故事。这个题材很贴近现实生活，旨在表现年轻一代在疫情下艰难的学术生活以及他们的成长与挣扎。" + "《蝴蝶结》是一部剧情电影，由能年玲奈担任导演、编剧和主演。这部影片讲述了一个美术大学的学生，因受到疫情影响而不能发表毕业作品，在一系列纠葛中找回自我的故事。这个题材很贴近现实生活，旨在表现年轻一代在疫情下艰难的学术生活以及他们的成长与挣扎。" ], [ "《蝴蝶结》在哪个国家制作的？", @@ -29835,7 +29835,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法院调解\n法院调解,是指在人民法院审判人员的主持下，双方当事人通过自愿协商，达成协议,解决民事争议的活动和结案方式。由于是在诉讼中进行的,也称为“诉讼调解”或“诉讼上的调解”。法院调解制度是当事人行使处分权与人民法院行使审判权相结合的产物。从当事人的角度讲，是否用法院调解的方式解决纠纷取决于双方当事人的自愿。从人民法院的角度讲,法院调解又不仅仅是纯粹当事人之间私权合意。正因如此，法院调解不同于当事人和解。当事人和解是指当事人在诉讼进行中，自愿协商，达成协议，解决纠纷，结束诉讼的活动。和解的开始、进行以及和解协议的达成，完全取决于双方当事人的自愿，没有审判人员的主持。和解协议是双方当事人行使处分权的结果。\n中文名\n法院调解\n外文名\ncourt mediation\n别 名\n诉讼调解、诉讼上的调解\n \n法院调解定义 \n法院调解,是指在人民法院审判人员的主持下，双方当事人通过自愿协商，达成协议,解决民事争议的活动和结案方式。由于是在诉讼中进行的,也称为“诉讼调解”或“诉讼上的调解”。法院调解制度是当事人行使处分权与人民法院行使审判权相结合的产物。从当事人的角度讲，是否用法院调解的方式解决纠纷取决于双方当事人的自愿。从人民法院的角度讲,法院调解又不仅仅是纯粹当事人之间私权合意。正因如此，法院调解不同于当事人和解。当事人和解是指当事人在诉讼进行中，自愿协商，达成协议，解决纠纷，结束诉讼的活动。和解的开始、进行以及和解协议的达成，完全取决于双方当事人的自愿，没有审判人员的主持。和解协议是双方当事人行使处分权的结果。\n法院调解法律规定 \n最高人民法院关于人民法院民事调解工作若干问题的规定第十三条　当事人以民事调解书与调解协议的原意不一致为由提出异议，人民法院审查后认为异议成立的，应当根据调解协议裁定补正民事调解书的相关内容。\n法院调解法院调解的性质 \n从《民事诉讼法》第93条的规定以及我国民事诉讼法学者对法院调解的表述看，法院调解的性质，应当是人民法院依法行使审判权的一种方式。在调解过程中，人民法院是以法制教育和思想疏导方式，促成当事人达成协议结束诉讼，行使其审判权。法院调解不仅是一种重要的审判行为,也是一种重要的结案方式。法院调解的这一性质，使之与诉讼外的调解、仲裁以及在诉讼中当事人和解区分开了。\n法院调解调解适用的范围\n\n你好，根据上述内容，我想请问一下法院调解与当事人和解有什么区别？", - "你好，Human。法院调解与当事人和解之间的主要区别在于审判人员的参与程度和当事人达成协议的过程。在法院调解中，审判人员主持调解过程，协助双方当事人自愿协商并达成协议。法院调解是人民法院行使审判权的一种方式，因此不仅仅是当事人之间的私权协议。而当事人和解则完全取决于双方当事人的自愿，审判人员不主持协商过程。总之，法院调解由审判人员主持，与人民法院行使审判权相结合，而当事人和解仅仅是双方当事人自愿协商达成的私权协议，没有审判人员的主持。" + "法院调解与当事人和解之间的主要区别在于审判人员的参与程度和当事人达成协议的过程。在法院调解中，审判人员主持调解过程，协助双方当事人自愿协商并达成协议。法院调解是人民法院行使审判权的一种方式，因此不仅仅是当事人之间的私权协议。而当事人和解则完全取决于双方当事人的自愿，审判人员不主持协商过程。总之，法院调解由审判人员主持，与人民法院行使审判权相结合，而当事人和解仅仅是双方当事人自愿协商达成的私权协议，没有审判人员的主持。" ], [ "明白了，那么法院调解适用于哪些范围呢？", @@ -30681,7 +30681,7 @@ "history": [ [ "运动装备\n《运动装备》杂志简介《运动装备》杂志是一本行业DM（直邮）期刊，在国内、国际上为体育行业的企业进行大力的推广和宣传。具有专业性、实效性、商务性，较强的针对运动行业的专业期刊。\n中文名\n《运动装备》\n类 型\n行业DM（直邮）期刊\n特 点\n专业性、实效性、商务性\n \n运动装备杂志简介 \n《运动装备》杂志是一本行业DM（直邮）期刊，在国内、国际上为体育行业的企业进行大力的推广和宣传。具有专业性、实效性、商务性，较强的针对运动行业的专业期刊。《运动装备》的宗旨是“直接面对采购、真诚服务销售”。本着“促进业内专业技术与产品推广交流”为 己任的原则，竭诚与全国运动行业生产商、经销商与终端用户之间架起购销平台。在内容上，《运动装备》重点突出企业优势产品的性质及功能，介绍企业成功历程，展示企业实力，使企业在竞争中立于不败之地。\n运动装备结构组成 \n产 品 广 告 ：田径器材、运动器材、场馆设施、户外用品、运动服饰五大类赛 事 冠 名 ：将赛事信息第一时间提供给各企业，以利于帮助企业高效率进行多方面宣传国际田联认证：一个产品规格朝着国际标准化方向发展趋势的认可，让更多的企业了解国际田联认证系统操作程序杂 志 特 性 ：本杂志为双月刊，100页，每双月十日出版，国际大16开版本,全部四色铜版印刷。\n运动装备服务体系\n\n我想了解一下《运动装备》杂志，能给我简要介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。《运动装备》杂志是一本专业的行业直邮期刊，在国内和国际范围内致力于为体育行业的企业进行推广和宣传。它以“直接面对采购、真诚服务销售”为宗旨，致力于促进业内专业技术与产品推广交流。这本杂志具有专业性、实效性和商务性等特点，是针对运动行业的专业期刊。" + "当然可以。《运动装备》杂志是一本专业的行业直邮期刊，在国内和国际范围内致力于为体育行业的企业进行推广和宣传。它以“直接面对采购、真诚服务销售”为宗旨，致力于促进业内专业技术与产品推广交流。这本杂志具有专业性、实效性和商务性等特点，是针对运动行业的专业期刊。" ], [ "了解了，那么这本杂志的出版周期是怎样的呢？", @@ -31087,7 +31087,7 @@ "history": [ [ "消费者行为学\n《消费者行为学》是2021年人民邮电出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n消费者行为学\n作 者\n编者:白玉苓|责编:万国清\n类 别\n图书>教材>研究生/本科/专科教材>经济管理类\n出版社\n人民邮电出版社\n出版时间\n2021年\n开 本\n128 开\n装 帧\n平装-胶订\nISBN\n9787115563279\n \n消费者行为学内容简介 \n本书采用“理论 案例 实践”的思路进行编写，全面、系统地研究了消费者行为的现象及其规律，包括消费者感觉、知觉、气质、性格、自我概念、生活方式等心理因素对消费者行为的影响；收入、文化、亚文化、习俗、流行、社会阶层、角色、家庭等环境因素与消费者行为之间的关系；产品、品牌、包装、价格、销售场所及促销等营销因素对消费者行为的重要影响；网络消费、绿色消费等消费者行为发展的新趋势。全书共六篇，共十五章。每章前设置“学习目标”“导入案例”，章后设置“本章小结”“综合练习题”，正文内穿插“课堂讨论”“小思考”“知识点滴”“人物谱”等小模块，并且以大量的二维码展示“视野拓展”“微视频”栏目，使得本书具有极强的可读性、趣味性、互动性、实用性。\n消费者行为学图书目录\n\n这本《消费者行为学》是谁编写的？", - "你好，Human。这本《消费者行为学》的编者是白玉苓，责编是万国清。这本书由人民邮电出版社于2021年出版。" + "这本《消费者行为学》的编者是白玉苓，责编是万国清。这本书由人民邮电出版社于2021年出版。" ], [ "请问这本书主要研究什么内容呢？", @@ -31202,7 +31202,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中国建筑第八工程局有限公司\n中建八局全称中国建筑第八工程局有限公司，是世界500强企业——中国建筑股份有限公司的全资子公司，其前身为国家建工部直属企业，始建于1952年，1966年奉中央军委和国务院命令整编为基建工程兵部队，1983年9月集体改编为现企业，2007年12月整体改制为中国建筑第八工程局有限公司，总部现位于上海市\n。2019年在上海百强企业中排名第8\n。\n公司名称\n中建八局\n成立时间\n1952年\n总部地点\n上海市浦东新区\n经营范围\n基础设施\n公司类型\n国有企业\n年营业额\n20427846万元（2018）\n \n中国建筑第八工程局有限公司历史沿革 \n中建八局始建于1952年，企业发展经历了兵改工、工改兵的过程。1983年9月，由基建工程兵00229部队集体整编为中国建筑第八工程局，总部设于山东省济南市。1998年9月，为响应国家加快浦东开发的号召，局总部由山东济南迁入上海浦东。\n中国建筑第八工程局有限公司荣誉记录 \n中建八局先后荣获“全国用户满意企业”、“全国质量效益型先进施工企业”、“全国重合同守信用企业”、“中国诚信经营企业”、“全国思想政治工作优秀企业”、“全国优秀施工企业”、“全国企业文化建设先进单位”、“全国国有企业创建四好领导班子先进集体”和“全国五一劳动奖状”等称号。2009年10月获得全国质量奖。创造了一大批地标性建筑精品，迄今创建省部级优质工程奖650项， 鲁班奖98项，国家优质工程奖83项，詹天佑土木工程大奖13项。近三年荣获10项鲁班奖,占全国鲁班奖比率为3.6%，稳居中建系统第一名，被中国建筑业协会授予“创鲁班奖工程特别荣誉企业”。2011年中建八局获得中国建筑业企业双百强第一名。2012年12月，八局原总工程师肖绪文被评为中国工程院院士，成为2013年唯一从建筑施工企业走出的新增院士。2013年12月中建八局被评为“国家高新科技企业”，八局迄今共培育形成了545项专利技术，其中30项整体达到了国际先进或领先水平。2019年11月20日，“2019长三角三省一市百强企业榜”发布，中国建筑第八工程局有限公司位列第16，2018年营业收入20427846万元。\n2021年7月，中国建筑第八工程局有限公司党委被评为“上海市先进基层党组织”。\n2021年8月，中国建筑集团有限公司中建八局东孚公司青浦保障性住房项目部被命名为“第20届全国青年文明号“。\n\n我想了解一下中国建筑第八工程局有限公司的基本信息和发展历史。", - "你好，Human。很高兴为您提供关于中国建筑第八工程局有限公司的相关信息。中建八局全称中国建筑第八工程局有限公司，成立于1952年，总部位于上海市浦东新区。它是世界500强企业——中国建筑股份有限公司的全资子公司。其历史沿革包括从兵改工、工改兵的过程，1983年9月由基建工程兵00229部队集体整编为中国建筑第八工程局。经营范围涵盖了基础设施领域，作为国有企业，2018年的年营业额达到20427846万元。" + "很高兴为您提供关于中国建筑第八工程局有限公司的相关信息。中建八局全称中国建筑第八工程局有限公司，成立于1952年，总部位于上海市浦东新区。它是世界500强企业——中国建筑股份有限公司的全资子公司。其历史沿革包括从兵改工、工改兵的过程，1983年9月由基建工程兵00229部队集体整编为中国建筑第八工程局。经营范围涵盖了基础设施领域，作为国有企业，2018年的年营业额达到20427846万元。" ], [ "中建八局荣获了哪些荣誉？", @@ -31274,7 +31274,7 @@ "history": [ [ "汪东城\n汪东城，1981年8月24日出生于台湾省台北市，中国台湾男歌手、演员、主持人、模特，前中国台湾男子团体飞轮海成员\n。1999年，与BMG唱片公司签约并成为其旗下歌手。2005年，因在偶像剧《恶作剧之吻》中饰演阿金而正式出道；同年，开始主演《终极一班》系列偶像剧\n，并以飞轮海成员身份在乐坛出道。2007年1月17日，随所属组合飞轮海获得第29届香港十大中文金曲奖最有前途新人奖优秀奖\n。2011年4月24日，随飞轮海获得“MusicRadio中国TOP排行榜”港台地区年度最受欢迎组合奖\n，同年6月，飞轮海因成员吴尊单飞而解散。2012年，主演都市爱情剧《姐姐立正向前走》\n；同年8月24日，发行首张个人专辑《你在等什么》，并凭借该专辑获得第五届音乐风云榜新人盛典“最受欢迎男歌手奖”\n。2013年11月15日，主演的爱情喜剧电影《我的男男男男朋友》上映\n；12月18日，主演爱情喜剧电影《我的播音系女友》\n。2016年初，与陈小春联袂出演黑色喜剧电影《呆呆计划》\n。2018年3月15日，汪东城新单曲《动力向前》全网上线。\n2019年11月，与郭雪芙共同主演的电视剧《因为我喜欢你》杀青。\n中文名\n汪东城\n外文名\nJiro Wang\n别 名\n大东\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉族\n出生地\n台湾台北\n出生日期\n1981年8月24日\n星 座\n处女座\n血 型\nO型\n身 高\n180 cm\n体 重\n68 kg\n毕业院校\n台湾复兴美工广设科\n职 业\n演员，歌手，主持人，模特\n代表作品\n终极一班、翻滚吧！蛋炒饭、恶作剧之吻、桃花小妹、绝对达令、姐姐立正向前走、I Love You、我应该去爱你、你在等什么、假装我们没爱过\n主要成就\n2011乐视盛典年度最佳跨界艺人\n“亚洲影响力全能艺人”奖\n所属组合\n飞轮海\n \n基本信息\n \n汪东城早年经历 \n1995年，还在上学的汪东城为了支撑家庭开销，选择四处去打工，并做过模特\n。1997年，因父亲重病住院，汪东城便扛下家中生计重担，四处张罗全家的生活费及父亲的医药费\n，为了养家和还贷款，他四处工作，身兼多职\n。\n汪东城演艺经历 \n \n杂志封面(6张)\n 1999年，汪东城被唱片公司BMG签下。一开始公司准备把他和周杰伦、陈小春三人作为“三J计划”推出，但“911事件”却让公司解散。汪东城又签约了另一家唱片公司，但该公司并没有让他出唱片，于是汪东城决定去服兵役\n\n你好，请根据提供的资料，简要介绍一下汪东城。", - "你好，Human！汪东城（Jiro Wang）是一位出生于1981年8月24日的台湾艺人。他既是歌手，也是演员、主持人和模特。他是中国台湾男子团体飞轮海的前成员。他开始在台湾偶像剧圈崭露头角，并因此获得了大量的关注。近年来，他参演了许多电视剧和电影，同时还发行了自己的音乐作品。" + "汪东城（Jiro Wang）是一位出生于1981年8月24日的台湾艺人。他既是歌手，也是演员、主持人和模特。他是中国台湾男子团体飞轮海的前成员。他开始在台湾偶像剧圈崭露头角，并因此获得了大量的关注。近年来，他参演了许多电视剧和电影，同时还发行了自己的音乐作品。" ], [ "那么汪东城的演艺生涯是如何开始的呢？", @@ -32260,7 +32260,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蝙蝠侠归来1992年美国上映的动作片\n《蝙蝠侠归来》是由美国华纳兄弟影业公司出品的动作片，由蒂姆·波顿执导，迈克尔·基顿、米歇尔·菲佛、丹尼·德维托领衔主演。影片于1992年6月19日在美国上映\n。该片讲述了蝙蝠侠遇到又一强大的对手企鹅人和猫女的围攻，在他斗智斗勇的谋略下再度拯救哥谭市的危机\n。\n中文名\n蝙蝠侠归来\n外文名\nBatman Returns\n别 名\n蝙蝠侠重现江湖、蝙蝠侠大显神威、蝙蝠侠再战风云\n出品时间\n1992年6月15日\n出品公司\n华纳兄弟影片公司\n发行公司\n华纳兄弟影片公司\n制片地区\n美国、英国\n制片成本\n8000万美元\n拍摄地点\n美国\n拍摄日期\n1991年6月\n导 演\n蒂姆·波顿\n编 剧\n鲍勃·凯恩\n制片人\n伊恩·布莱斯\n类 型\n动作、犯罪、惊悚\n主 演\n迈克尔·基顿、丹尼·德维托、米歇尔·菲佛、克里斯托弗·沃肯\n片 长\n126分钟\n上映时间\n1992年6月19日（美国）\n票 房\n2.67亿美元\n电影分级\nPG-13\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\nimdb编码\ntt0103776\n \n基本信息\n \n蝙蝠侠归来剧情简介 \n \n幕后+剧照(7张)\n\n请问你能给我介绍一下《蝙蝠侠归来》这部电影吗？", - "你好Human，很高兴为您介绍《蝙蝠侠归来》。这部电影是由华纳兄弟影业公司出品的，于1992年6月19日在美国上映。是蒂姆·波顿执导的一部动作片，主演包括迈克尔·基顿、米歇尔·菲佛和丹尼·德维托。影片讲述了蝙蝠侠遇到又一强大的对手企鹅人和猫女的围攻，在他斗智斗勇的谋略下再度拯救哥谭市的危机。电影共长126分钟，对白语言为英语。" + "很高兴为您介绍《蝙蝠侠归来》。这部电影是由华纳兄弟影业公司出品的，于1992年6月19日在美国上映。是蒂姆·波顿执导的一部动作片，主演包括迈克尔·基顿、米歇尔·菲佛和丹尼·德维托。影片讲述了蝙蝠侠遇到又一强大的对手企鹅人和猫女的围攻，在他斗智斗勇的谋略下再度拯救哥谭市的危机。电影共长126分钟，对白语言为英语。" ], [ "请问这部电影的票房表现如何？", @@ -32302,7 +32302,7 @@ "history": [ [ "复仇者联盟漫威电影系列\n《复仇者联盟》通常简称“复联”，是由乔斯·韦登（第1、2部）、罗素兄弟（第3、4部）执导，小罗伯特·唐尼、克里斯·埃文斯、克里斯·海姆斯沃斯等人主演的动作科幻电影系列。该系列电影主要讲述的是“复仇者联盟”应运而生以及后续的超级英雄集结的故事。他们各显神通，团结一心，终于打倒邪恶势力，保证了地球的安全\n。2022年7月，漫威官宣：《复仇者联盟5》和《复仇者联盟6》依次定档2025年5月2日和2025年11月7日北美上映，副标题为《康之王朝》和《秘密战争》\n。\n中文名\n复仇者联盟\n外文名\nThe Avengers\n其他译名\n复仇者\n类 型\n动作，奇幻，冒险\n出品公司\n漫威电影工作室\n制片地区\n美国\n发行公司\n华特·迪士尼电影工作室\n导 演\n乔斯·韦登，罗素兄弟\n编 剧\n乔斯·韦登，扎克·佩恩\n制片人\n凯文·费奇\n主 演\n小罗伯特·唐尼、克里斯·埃文斯、马克·鲁法洛、克里斯·海姆斯沃斯、斯嘉丽·约翰逊、杰瑞米·雷纳、汤姆·希德勒斯顿、塞缪尔·杰克逊、寇碧·史莫德斯、格温妮丝·帕特洛、保罗·贝坦尼、斯特兰·斯卡斯加德、查德维克·博斯曼、唐·钱德尔\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\nimdb编码\ntt0848228\n主要奖项\nMTV电影奖-年度影片等\n制片成本\n220000000 美元\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n复仇者联盟剧情简介 \n《复仇者联盟》一股突如其来的强大力量从宇宙魔方中出现，还带来了邪神洛基，他带走了宇宙魔方，并摧毁了实验现场，使长期致力于保护全球安危的“神盾局”感到措手不及。指挥官“独眼侠”尼克·弗瑞意识到他必须创建一个“史上最强”的联盟组织，集结各方超级英雄，才能拯救世界。于是由六大超级英雄－“钢铁侠”托尼·史塔克、“雷神”索尔·奥丁森、“美国队长”史蒂夫·罗杰斯、“绿巨人”布鲁斯·班纳、“黑寡妇”娜塔莎·罗曼诺夫和“鹰眼”克林特·巴顿组成的“复仇者联盟”应运而生。他们各显神通，团结一心，终于战胜了来自外星的邪恶势力，保护了地球的安全。\n\n你好，请问一下什么是《复仇者联盟》？", - "你好，Human！《复仇者联盟》（The Avengers）是一部动作、奇幻、冒险电影，由乔斯·韦登导演第1、2部，罗素兄弟导演第3、4部。这部系列电影讲述了一个名为复仇者联盟的超级英雄团队如何应运而生并集结起来的故事。演员阵容包括小罗伯特·唐尼、克里斯·埃文斯、马克·鲁法洛、克里斯·海姆斯沃斯等知名明星。他们通过各自的超能力，团结一心，共同对抗邪恶势力，以保护地球的安全。" + "《复仇者联盟》（The Avengers）是一部动作、奇幻、冒险电影，由乔斯·韦登导演第1、2部，罗素兄弟导演第3、4部。这部系列电影讲述了一个名为复仇者联盟的超级英雄团队如何应运而生并集结起来的故事。演员阵容包括小罗伯特·唐尼、克里斯·埃文斯、马克·鲁法洛、克里斯·海姆斯沃斯等知名明星。他们通过各自的超能力，团结一心，共同对抗邪恶势力，以保护地球的安全。" ], [ "能介绍一下《复联》中的超级英雄们吗？", @@ -32386,7 +32386,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国家税务总局上海市税务局国家税务总局的下属机构\n国家税务总局上海市税务局是国家税务总局的下属机构，由原上海市国家税务局和上海市地方税务局合并而来。\n中文名\n国家税务总局上海市税务局\n外文名\nState Administration of Taxation Shanghai Taxation Bureau\n成立时间\n2018年6月15日\n办公地址\n上海市肇嘉浜路800号\n性 质\n政府机构\n行政级别\n正局级\n所属单位\n国家税务总局\n现任领导\n马正文\n \n同义词\n上海市税务局（上海市税务局）一般指国家税务总局上海市税务局\n \n国家税务总局上海市税务局主要职责\n\n请问国家税务总局上海市税务局是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，国家税务总局上海市税务局是在2018年6月15日成立的。这是由原上海市国家税务局和上海市地方税务局合并而成的机构。" + "根据提供的信息，国家税务总局上海市税务局是在2018年6月15日成立的。这是由原上海市国家税务局和上海市地方税务局合并而成的机构。" ], [ "谢谢，它的办公地址在哪里？", @@ -32470,7 +32470,7 @@ "history": [ [ "未来视界\n大爆炸时空的一个重要特点就是视界的存在：由于宇宙具有有限的年龄，并且光具有有限的速度，从而可能存在某些过去的事件无法通过光向我们传递信息。从这一分析可知，存在这样一个极限或称为过去视界，只有在这个极限距离以内的事件才有可能被观测到。\n 大爆炸时空的一个重要特点就是视界的存在：由于宇宙具有有限的年龄，并且光具有有限的速度，从而可能存在某些过去的事件无法通过光向我们传递信息。从这一分析可知，存在这样一个极限或称为过去视界，只有在这个极限距离以内的事件才有可能被观测到。另一方面，由于空间在不断膨胀，并且越遥远的物体退行速度越大，从而导致从我们这里发出的光有可能永远也无法到达那里。从这一分析可知，存在这样一个极限或称为未来视界，只有在这个极限距离以内的事件才有可能被我们所影响。以上两种视界的存在与否取决于描述我们宇宙的FLRW模型的具体形式：我们现有对极早期宇宙的认知意味着宇宙应当存在一个过去视界，不过在实验中我们的观测仍然被早期宇宙对电磁波的不透明性所限制，这导致我们在过去视界因空间膨胀而退行的情形下依然无法通过电磁波观测到更久远的事件。另一方面，假如宇宙的膨胀一直加速下去，宇宙也会存在一个未来视界。\n\n请问视界是什么概念，它通常分为哪两种？", - "你好，Human！视界指的是那些我们能观测到或影响的宇宙区域的边界。视界通常分为两种，分别是过去视界和未来视界。过去视界是指在宇宙有限年龄和光速有限的条件下，能够被我们观测到的最遥远的事件和区域。未来视界则表示宇宙空间在不断膨胀的情况下，我们能影响到的最远区域，越遥远的物体退行速度越大，从而导致从我们这里发出的光有可能永远也无法到达那里。" + "视界指的是那些我们能观测到或影响的宇宙区域的边界。视界通常分为两种，分别是过去视界和未来视界。过去视界是指在宇宙有限年龄和光速有限的条件下，能够被我们观测到的最遥远的事件和区域。未来视界则表示宇宙空间在不断膨胀的情况下，我们能影响到的最远区域，越遥远的物体退行速度越大，从而导致从我们这里发出的光有可能永远也无法到达那里。" ], [ "能否详细解释一下过去视界是如何在宇宙中形成的？", @@ -32648,7 +32648,7 @@ "history": [ [ "最亮的星抗疫歌曲\n《最亮的星》\n奇峰、惠冬作词，栾凯、李超作曲，李超编曲，曹芙嘉演唱\n中文名\n最亮的星\n专辑歌手\n曹芙嘉\n专辑时长\n4分38秒\n发行时间\n2020-03-18\n音乐风格\n流行\n 最 亮 的 星作词：奇峰 惠冬作曲：栾凯 李超编曲：李超演唱：曹芙嘉在浩瀚的夜空里追寻在茫茫的人海中追寻在虚拟的世界里追寻在梦幻的舞台上追寻他们就在临危受命的征途上他们就在斩妖除魔的战位上他们就在向死而生的刀尖上他们就在擦肩而过的平凡中拨开千重雾走过了万里路见证了荣与辱经历了生与死才看清最亮的星在哪里你就在这里\n\n你好，请问歌曲《最亮的星》的主题是什么？", - "你好，Human！歌曲《最亮的星》的主题是抗疫。这首歌曲以抗击新冠疫情为背景，歌颂在抗击疫情的过程中勇敢奋斗的医护人员和其他战斗在一线的工作者们。" + "歌曲《最亮的星》的主题是抗疫。这首歌曲以抗击新冠疫情为背景，歌颂在抗击疫情的过程中勇敢奋斗的医护人员和其他战斗在一线的工作者们。" ], [ "这首歌的作词作曲和演唱人员分别是谁？", @@ -32671,7 +32671,7 @@ "history": [ [ "三轮车\n三轮车是一种自行车改造而成的交通工具，可以载人也可运货，在20世纪30年代以后非常流行，随后逐步取代了人力车的地位。三轮车是人力车与自行车的一种结合体。三轮车可分为人力三轮车、电动三轮车、儿童三轮车和电瓶三轮车等。\n中文名\n三轮车\n外文名\ntricycle\n著名品牌\n中国时风\n结 构\n车轮车把车铃车闸脚蹬子车座\n主要用途\n可载人运货的交通工具\n所属年代\n二十世纪三十年代以后\n \n三轮车简介 \n \n三轮车的相册(5张)\n 三轮车分为前后两个部分，前部有一个可以转向的车轮，车把、车铃、车闸、脚蹬子和车座，用链条带动后部的车轮转动。三轮车后部主要是车厢，厢体为木制半圆形，可以并排乘坐两个人。车厢上安装有可以折叠的防雨篷，下面装有弹簧和两个轮子。座位下面是一个木箱，可以开启，里面存放车夫的工具杂物等。座位上有用布和棉絮做成的坐垫，下方有脚踏板。车厢前面两看挂钩，可挂防雨门帘，门帘一般用帆布或油布做成，冬季则改用棉门帘，挡风避寒。另一种三轮车叫作儿童三轮车，是专为幼儿设计的一种玩具。除了仅可乘坐一人的区别外，儿童三轮车没有链条与刹车，车的踏板直接连在了前轮上，轮子的速度跟脚的蹬踩速度完全一样。\n三轮车分类 \n人力三轮车：安装三个轮的脚踏车，装置车厢或平板，用来载人或装货。电动三轮车：外形美观，节能省力，爬坡性能好，转向灵活，经济实用，质量可靠并且又环保等特点。运输电动三轮车简易电动三轮车机动三轮车：机动三轮车是指除设计最高时速、空车质量、外形尺寸符合国家标准的残疾人机动轮椅车外，其他以动力装置驱动或者牵引，上道路行驶的三轮车辆。儿童三轮车垃圾三轮车：环卫车具有外形美观，省力，转向灵活，经济实用，质量可靠并且又环保等特点。环保车环卫车电瓶三轮车残疾人机动轮椅车\n三轮车电动三轮\n\n请告诉我三轮车有哪些类型？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，三轮车可以分为如下几种类型：\n\n1. 人力三轮车：通过脚踏来驱动的三轮车，可以载人或者运货。\n2. 电动三轮车：具有外形美观、节能省力、爬坡性能好、转向灵活、经济实用、质量可靠和环保等特点。\n3. 儿童三轮车：专为幼儿设计的一种玩具，仅可乘坐一人，没有链条与刹车。\n4. 垃圾三轮车/环卫车：具有外形美观、省力、转向灵活、经济实用、质量可靠和环保等特点，用于环卫工作。\n5. 电瓶三轮车。\n6. 残疾人机动轮椅车：设计最高时速、空车质量、外形尺寸符合国家标准的，可以帮助残疾人行动的三轮车。\n\n这些分类完成了对三轮车的基本划分，可以根据您的需求来选择合适的类型。希望这些信息对您有所帮助。" + "根据提供的信息，三轮车可以分为如下几种类型：\n\n1. 人力三轮车：通过脚踏来驱动的三轮车，可以载人或者运货。\n2. 电动三轮车：具有外形美观、节能省力、爬坡性能好、转向灵活、经济实用、质量可靠和环保等特点。\n3. 儿童三轮车：专为幼儿设计的一种玩具，仅可乘坐一人，没有链条与刹车。\n4. 垃圾三轮车/环卫车：具有外形美观、省力、转向灵活、经济实用、质量可靠和环保等特点，用于环卫工作。\n5. 电瓶三轮车。\n6. 残疾人机动轮椅车：设计最高时速、空车质量、外形尺寸符合国家标准的，可以帮助残疾人行动的三轮车。\n\n这些分类完成了对三轮车的基本划分，可以根据您的需求来选择合适的类型。希望这些信息对您有所帮助。" ], [ "了解了，那能详细介绍一下电动三轮车的外观和特点吗？", @@ -33183,7 +33183,7 @@ "history": [ [ "行政管理学\n《行政管理学》是2010年9月人民邮电出版社出版的图书，作者是许才明。本书编排遵循从理论到实践、从历史到现实的两条主线来阐述公共行政学的基本内容。\n书 名\n行政管理学\n作 者\n许才明\n出版社\n人民邮电出版社\n出版时间\n2010年9月\n定 价\n35 元\nISBN\n978711523711\n \n行政管理学版权信息 \n书号：978-7-115-23711-8定价：35元出版时间：2010年9月\n行政管理学本书特点 \n提供多媒体课件、电子教案、习题库及答案、案例库及案例分析等资料。编排遵循从理论到实践、从历史到现实的两条主线来阐述公共行政管理的基本内容。突出实践性和应用性，案例丰富，资料新颖。\n行政管理学内容简介 \n本书是省级精品课程的配套教材，该精品课程有配套教学网站，提供多媒体课件、电子教案、实训资料、习题库及答案、案例集及案例分析等。全书包括公共行政的基本理论、主体、制约与保障及过程与结果等四部分内容。每一章都以引导案例和案例导学开头，以引出本章的主体内容；每章结尾都配有两个典型案例分析（其中“实训课堂”和“实训案例”分别供学生在课堂内、外来完成）来进一步巩固并灵活运用本章的相关知识点，以提高学生对相关问题的理解和分析能力。本书可作为高等院校管理类专业教材。\n行政管理学目录\n\n你好，请问《行政管理学》这本书的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human！《行政管理学》这本书的作者是许才明。" + "《行政管理学》这本书的作者是许才明。" ], [ "这本书是什么时候出版的？", @@ -33404,7 +33404,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中欧铁运\n中欧铁运是指中国到欧洲全境的铁路运输，是中国开往欧洲的快速货物班列，也是中国直达欧洲全境的铁路运输服务代理，为国际贸易客户提供铁路进出口物流服务。\n中文名\n中欧铁运\n外文名\nSinorailways Logistics.,Ltd\n \n中欧铁运简介 \n中欧班列是指中国开往欧洲的快速货物班列，适合装运集装箱的货运编组列车。铺划了西、中、东3条通道中欧班列运行线：西部通道由我国中西部经阿拉山口(霍尔果斯)出境，中部通道由我国华北地区经二连浩特出境，东部通道由我国东南部沿海地区经满洲里(绥芬河)出境。自2011年3月19日，首列中欧班列(重庆~杜伊斯堡)成功开行以来，成都、郑州、武汉、苏州、长沙等城市也陆续开行了去往欧洲的集装箱班列中欧铁运团队于2001年8月开始从事货运代理行业，服务范围从传统铁路业务开始，逐渐扩大涉及进出口报关代理、国外清关、国外派送等服务。2013年随着国家“一带一路”的构想逐渐实现，中国实现了中欧班列的常态化；2016年统一品牌为“中欧班列”。随着越来越多的班列开通运行，被誉为“铁轨上的丝绸之路”的中欧班列为中欧经贸合作插上了腾飞的翅膀。每周固定三班开行，铁路综合价格是空运的四分之一, 价格优势非常明显。时效性优势15天可到达汉堡，12天可达波兰；通过快速交付货物不但提高了客户满意度还提高资金周转率。汉堡处于欧洲腹地为欧洲最大港口之一，物流体系完善可以即时配送至欧洲各国，欧洲境内基本可以做到1-3天到达，较海运时间可以缩减一半可以与空运部分中转航线媲美，与海运相比，尽管铁路运输成本相对要高，但基于速度优势，铁运正成为越来越多高附加值产品出口的首选。同样一批货，从深圳出发运往德国杜伊斯堡，走海运全程大约要耗时近两个月，走铁运只要16—18天就能抵达目的地。\n中欧铁运线路 \n中欧铁运主要线路\n\n请问你对中欧铁运有什么了解？", - "你好，Human！当然了解。中欧铁运是指中国到欧洲全境的铁路运输，适合装运集装箱的货运编组列车。这是中国开往欧洲的快速货物班列，也是中国直达欧洲全境的铁路运输服务代理。它为国际贸易客户提供铁路进出口物流服务。中欧班列运行线共有西、中、东3条通道，起点为我国中西部、华北地区和东南部沿海地区，经过阿拉山口、二连浩特和满洲里等口岸。自2011年以来，很多城市如重庆、成都、郑州、武汉等陆续开了去往欧洲的集装箱班列。这些班列被誉为“铁轨上的丝绸之路”，为中欧经贸合作提供了快速、高效的运输服务。" + "当然了解。中欧铁运是指中国到欧洲全境的铁路运输，适合装运集装箱的货运编组列车。这是中国开往欧洲的快速货物班列，也是中国直达欧洲全境的铁路运输服务代理。它为国际贸易客户提供铁路进出口物流服务。中欧班列运行线共有西、中、东3条通道，起点为我国中西部、华北地区和东南部沿海地区，经过阿拉山口、二连浩特和满洲里等口岸。自2011年以来，很多城市如重庆、成都、郑州、武汉等陆续开了去往欧洲的集装箱班列。这些班列被誉为“铁轨上的丝绸之路”，为中欧经贸合作提供了快速、高效的运输服务。" ], [ "那么中欧铁运跟空运和海运相比有哪些优势呢？", @@ -33488,7 +33488,7 @@ "history": [ [ "格劳克斯游戏《明日方舟》中的角色\n格劳克斯是手机游戏《明日方舟》中的五星辅助干员。格劳克斯出生于阿戈尔地区，却早早离开家园四处流浪。机缘巧合下加入罗德岛，现为雷神工业先端武器测评师。除了对尖端武器进行研究调整之外，格劳克斯也会在需求对空特化的任务中亲自出击\n。\n中文名\n格劳克斯\n外文名\nGlaucus\n配 音\n野中蓝(日配)、张雯(中配)\n性 别\n女\n登场作品\n《明日方舟》\n生 日\n7月27日\n身 高\n159 cm\n出身地\n阿戈尔地区\n \n格劳克斯背景故事 \n格劳克斯档案资料一\n格劳克斯小姐的战斗方法非常奇特，这大概也是因为那把……武器的缘故。她似乎什么也没做，那些缠人的无人机就噼里啪啦地掉在地上，实在让人不明所以。虽然对付那些机器时的格劳克斯小姐真的非常可靠，但我个人还是希望她能够稍微注意一下周围，毕竟每次作战完毕都要自掏腰包帮队员们检修设备的话，她会陷入长期负薪的困境的。——某行动干员\n格劳克斯档案资料二\n干员格劳克斯在罗德岛内部的评价十分令人在意。不知道是天性如此还是习惯了随波逐流，初来乍到的格劳克斯小姐寡言少语，虽然很快就和其他干员打成一片，但大部分场合都只是默默聆听，必要的时候圆滑地应付过去，极少表露真实想法。也因为时常在会议上走神而屡次遭到批评。依照目前观察的结果来看，只有在与火神小姐、梅尔小姐与可露希尔小姐讨论有关科技与机器的话题时，格劳克斯小姐才会积极表达自己的见解。也是因为可露希尔小姐的引荐，干员格劳克斯才成为了雷神工业武器测评师的一员，在电力应用及电磁学方面展现出了惊人的天赋。\n格劳克斯档案资料三\n根据体检报告，干员格劳克斯的下肢肌肉力量仅有成年人平均值的二分之一，并仍旧在不断萎缩， 而那副外骨骼装备自然也是为了弥补她的机动性问题。根据干员格劳克斯本人所述，其肌肉萎缩软化的根源在于其家族遗传疾病。尽管在生态环境稍显特殊的阿戈尔地区，这样的遗传病仍旧只有极少数病例。且暂无根治途径。不过其本人对于现状并没有不满，相反的，她所表达出的对科技产品的热爱最早就源于这些帮助她克服了先天障碍的外骨骼装备。值得一提的是，干员格劳克斯对于任何外界刺激毒素都有着先天的抗体，除去传统意义上的毒药外，神经麻痹，致幻剂等手段也基本无效。干员格劳克斯也积极配合医疗干员们的研究——准确说来，是她与医疗干员们交谈着一些她本人都未必听得懂的实验名词，然后轻描淡写的点头答应了，有时候真担心她有没有好好听注意事项……\n\n你好，我了解到《明日方舟》的五星辅助干员格劳克斯，她是如何加入罗德岛的？", - "你好，Human！格劳克斯是从阿戈尔地区开始，离开家乡四处流浪。她加入罗德岛的过程并未在资料中详细描述，但可以推测她是在流浪过程中遇到了罗德岛的成员，并因为某些共同的兴趣或目标而加入了罗德岛。在罗德岛，她发挥了自己的特长，成为了雷神工业先端武器测评师，并在需求对空特化的任务中亲自出击。她在电力应用及电磁学方面展现出了惊人的天赋，也因为可露希尔小姐的引荐才成功进入了这个领域。" + "格劳克斯是从阿戈尔地区开始，离开家乡四处流浪。她加入罗德岛的过程并未在资料中详细描述，但可以推测她是在流浪过程中遇到了罗德岛的成员，并因为某些共同的兴趣或目标而加入了罗德岛。在罗德岛，她发挥了自己的特长，成为了雷神工业先端武器测评师，并在需求对空特化的任务中亲自出击。她在电力应用及电磁学方面展现出了惊人的天赋，也因为可露希尔小姐的引荐才成功进入了这个领域。" ], [ "格劳克斯是如何对抗那些无人机的？", @@ -33859,7 +33859,7 @@ "history": [ [ "其实不想走欧豪演唱《其实不想走》\n歌曲《其实不想走》由歌手欧豪演唱，是电视剧《唱战记》插曲\n。\n中文名\n其实不想走\n所属专辑\n电视剧《唱战记》插曲\n歌曲时长\n2:09\n歌曲原唱\n欧豪\n歌曲语言\n中文\n 其实不想走 -欧豪其实不想走我说某某某你到底走不走想离开就潇洒转头再见就挥挥手你这么ging站在这个街头再等多久也长不出红豆女孩要去回不来逼着自己像男孩太超载要习惯一个人承担我说你不晓得转弯还装勇敢拜托勇敢不是比赛真的太奇怪好像你的坚强永远用不完不爽就说声拜拜怎么就那么难其实不想走其实你想留我都知道表面上你是女生其实隐藏了身份一旦地球遇到危险就变身马上变成超人不用穿上盔甲你都是万能到现在却不敢打开车门每天都在打怪最强女超人每天这么厉害你闷不闷还好我讲义气给你掌声不用客气谁让我是好人车又来了走吗这是个疑问到底走不走别在这里停顿我等等等我等等等谁让我是好人其实不想走 其实你想留\n\n我想了解一下欧豪演唱的《其实不想走》的一些信息，这首歌是哪部电视剧的插曲？", - "你好，Human！欢迎向我咨询。歌曲《其实不想走》是由歌手欧豪演唱的，它是电视剧《唱战记》的插曲。这首歌曲展示了欧豪的音乐才华，同时也为电视剧增色不少。" + "欢迎向我咨询。歌曲《其实不想走》是由歌手欧豪演唱的，它是电视剧《唱战记》的插曲。这首歌曲展示了欧豪的音乐才华，同时也为电视剧增色不少。" ], [ "能告诉我这首歌的时长吗？", @@ -34222,7 +34222,7 @@ "history": [ [ "康奈尔大学商学院美国纽约州伊萨卡市公私合营式大学\n康奈尔大学约翰逊管理学院研究生院，隶属于美国常春藤盟校之一的康奈尔大学，是全美最佳商学院之一。学院建立于1946年，随后于1984年更名为约翰逊管理学院研究生院。学院位于康大知名的Sage Hall，共有59名教职人员。学院共有600名左右两年制全职MBA以及一年制全职MBA学生，以及375名EMBA学生。约翰逊商学院有超过11000名校友活跃在各行各业。康奈尔大学商学院在2017-2021年UTD全球商学院科研排名百强榜中位列全球第11位。\n中文名\n康奈尔大学约翰逊管理学院研究生院\n外文名\nSamuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management\n简 称\n康大商学院\n创办时间\n1946年\n所属地区\n美国纽约州伊萨卡市\n类 别\n商学院\n \n同义词\n康奈尔商学院（康奈尔商学院）一般指康奈尔大学商学院\n \n康奈尔大学商学院学校简介 \n康奈尔大学商学院Cornell University the Johnson School \n康奈尔大学商学院办学特色 \n与完全私立的其它“常春藤盟校”相比，康奈尔大学的体制也是别具特色的，它是“公私合营”式的大学。在七所学院中，农业与生物学院、人类环境学院和工业与劳工关系学院是公立学院，受纽约州政府管辖。而其他四所学院：艺术科学学院、建筑艺术与规划学院、工程学院和旅馆管理学院则是私立的。康奈尔大学汇集了公立与私立学院的优点，张开双臂欢迎来自四面八方的学子们。 康奈尔的酒店管理学院是全美首屈一指的。为了训练学习，就奈尔自设了酒店。农业学院在全国同类大学中也数一数二，从这里出来的学生很多都进了兽医学院继续深造，攻读硕士和博士学位。此外，康乃尔还有耗资3500万美元的康奈尔国家超级电脑中心。 康奈尔大学的校色是大红，鲜艳热烈，热情奔放。当年老康奈尔创立这所大学的目的，就是“让任何人都能在这里学到想学的科目”。似乎，任何人的青春都能在康奈尔这里燃烧。\n\n请问康奈尔大学约翰逊管理学院研究生院是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human! 康奈尔大学约翰逊管理学院研究生院成立于1946年。这所学院是美国常春藤盟校之一的康奈尔大学的重要组成部分，拥有世界一流的商学教育资源和教职员工。" + "康奈尔大学约翰逊管理学院研究生院成立于1946年。这所学院是美国常春藤盟校之一的康奈尔大学的重要组成部分，拥有世界一流的商学教育资源和教职员工。" ], [ "哦，这所学院现在以什么名称为人们所知？", @@ -36787,7 +36787,7 @@ "history": [ [ "龙岗万达广场\n龙岗万达广场位于平湖街道华南城4号交易广场，总建筑面积达30.5万平方米。龙岗万达广场以创新为核心，将建30米的世界最高商业室内扶梯，2500平方米的巨型天幕以及长达77.77米的室内玻璃栈道。\n中文名\n龙岗万达广场\n别 名\n深圳龙岗平湖万达广场\n \n龙岗万达广场基本介绍 \n龙岗万达广场将成为深圳东部商业新地标，是一个集旅游中心、文化中心、社交中心及生活中心于一体的多元社交生活综合体。深圳龙岗万达广场还将运用科技手段，结合品牌商家及广场自身活动做出相应的场景变化，通过科技赋能生活，设计营造场景，融入文旅活动与智能体验，打造城市微旅游目的地。龙岗万达广场预计于2021年6月25日正式开门迎客，龙岗万达广场将重点布局全球直采的生鲜超市、黑科技智能生活馆、7000平方米的综合运动馆、华南规模最大、品类最全的2万平方米的儿童成长空间、华南规模最大的美食博物馆、夜经济聚集地，汇聚国际快时尚全新概念店、国际标杆运动品牌最高级别旗舰店、潮流轻食茶饮网红店、原创设计、非遗手作体验馆等，构建无边界、无时限的消费新场景。\n龙岗万达广场发展历程 \n2021年9月17日万达首个第四代万达广场——深圳龙岗万达广场正式开业。\n\n请问龙岗万达广场在哪个城市？", - "你好，Human。龙岗万达广场位于中国深圳市龙岗区的平湖街道华南城4号交易广场。" + "龙岗万达广场位于中国深圳市龙岗区的平湖街道华南城4号交易广场。" ], [ "那请问这个广场总建筑面积有多大？", @@ -36881,7 +36881,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尽职尽责\n《尽职尽责》是2010年2月由清华大学大学出版社出版的图书，作者是郑一群。\n书 名\n尽职尽责\n作 者\n郑一群\n出版社\n清华大学大学出版社\n出版时间\n2010年2月\n定 价\n28 元\n开 本\n16 开\nISBN\n9787302218463\n \n尽职尽责编辑推荐 \n许多人都曾为这样的一个问题而困惑不解：明明自己比他人更有能力，但是成就却远远落后于他人。不要疑惑，不要抱怨，先问问自己：在自己的工作领域，是否做到了尽职尽责？尽职尽责，就成为企业不可或缺的金牌员工无论你身居何种岗位，如果能全身心投入工作，最后就会获得成功。那些在人生中获得成功的人，一定是在某一特定领域里进行过坚持不懈的努力。能处处以尽职尽现的态度工作，即使从事最平庸的工作也能让自己成为一个不平凡的员工。摆正自己的位置和态度，忠于自己的组织，对工作尽职尽责，适时给自己充电。马上行动起来，成为公司不可或缺的人才。\n尽职尽责作者简介 \n郑一群，资深职场发展评论员，长期致力于经管，励志类图书的策划与创作，对企业管理和员工培训具有独到见解。代表作品有《爱上自己的工作》《责任第一》《关键在于态度》《做最好的副手》等，多部图书被企事业单位列选为员工培训手册，并得到广大读者的赞赏。\n尽职尽责作品目录\n\n请告诉我郑一群的《尽职尽责》是什么时候出版的？", - "你好，Human！《尽职尽责》这本书是在2010年2月由清华大学大学出版社出版的。如需了解更多关于这本书的信息，请随时提问。" + "《尽职尽责》这本书是在2010年2月由清华大学大学出版社出版的。如需了解更多关于这本书的信息，请随时提问。" ], [ "《尽职尽责》这本书的定价是多少？", @@ -37121,7 +37121,7 @@ "history": [ [ "山东传媒职业学院中国山东省济南市境内公办高校\n中文名\n山东传媒职业学院\n外文名\nShandong Communication & Media College\n创办时间\n1960年\n办学性质\n公办高校\n学校类别\n艺术\n学校特色\n全日制普通高等专科学校\n主管部门\n山东省\n现任领导\n党委书记：孙茜芸、院长：胡建军\n高职专业\n23个\n院系设置\n播音主持系、影视制作系、新闻传播系、信息工程系、动画系、艺术设计系\n校 训\n惟真尚能\n校 歌\n《我们从这里启程》\n校庆日\n10月16日\n地 址\n章丘校区：济南市经十东路8678号\n文东校区：济南市文化东路18号\n院校代码\n14193\n主要奖项\n山东省广播电视系统先进集体\n山东省文明单位\n \n基本信息\n山东传媒职业学院办学历史 \n1960年9月，山东省广播学校成立。1962年，学校停办，改为干部培训班。1982年5月，经山东省人民政府批准恢复办学，更名为山东省广播电视学校。1987年，山东省广播电视学校迁址于济南东郊燕子山西侧校区。2008年2月29日，山东省人民政府批复同意建立山东传媒职业学院；同年4月，山东传媒职业学院获教育部备案。\n2014年10月，山东省出版技工学校并入山东传媒职业学院。\n2020年7月30日，山东传媒职业学院新媒体产业学院正式揭牌。\n山东传媒职业学院办学条件 \n山东传媒职业学院院系设置\n据2019年2月学校官网显示，学院设有6个教学系，开设23个高职专业。\n院系名称专业名称播音主持系播音与主持、戏剧影视表演、学前教育影视制作系广播影视节目制作、摄影摄像技术、影视编导、影视照明技术与艺术、录音技术与艺术新闻传播系新闻采编与制作、传播与策划、公共文化服务与管理、网络新闻与传播信息工程系广播电视技术、数字媒体应用技术、软件技术（网站规划与开发方向）移动互联应用技术、数字媒体应用技术、软件技术（企业级JAVA软件工程师方向）动画系影视多媒体技术、影视动画、动漫设计艺术设计系人物形象设计、视觉传播设计与制作、广告设计与制作、图文信息处理资料来源：\n山东传媒职业学院师资力量\n据2019年2月学校官网显示，学院有专任教师175人，其中教授4人，其他系列正高级职称1人，副高以上职称69人，教师中硕士以上学历65人，专业带头人21名，聘请了客座教授3名，兼职教师20名；拥有省级教学团队2个。\n省级教学团队：广播电视网络技术专业教学团队、播音与主持专业教学团队\n\n你好，请问山东传媒职业学院的创办时间是什么时候？", - "你好，Human。山东传媒职业学院的创办时间是1960年。当时，这所学校的名称叫山东省广播学校。后来学校经历了一系列的调整和发展，最终于2008年成立了现在的山东传媒职业学院。希望这个答案对你有帮助。" + "山东传媒职业学院的创办时间是1960年。当时，这所学校的名称叫山东省广播学校。后来学校经历了一系列的调整和发展，最终于2008年成立了现在的山东传媒职业学院。希望这个答案对你有帮助。" ], [ "感谢你的回答。山东传媒职业学院有哪些院系？", @@ -37484,7 +37484,7 @@ "history": [ [ "山本文绪日本小说家\n山本文绪（1962-2021）。日本小说家。生于神奈川县。曾当过公司职员，后专心从事写作。发表有《菠萝飘香的彼岸》、《你肯定会哭》、《恋爱中毒》等多部长篇言情小说，是日本文坛近年来出现的一颗新星，擅长发掘平淡生活之下的精彩故事。1999年获第20届吉川英治文学新人奖。2021年10月13日，山本文绪去世，享年58岁。\n中文名\n山本文绪\n国 籍\n日本\n出生日期\n1962年\n逝世日期\n2021年10月13日\n职 业\n日本小说家\n代表作品\n《菠萝飘香的彼岸》、《你肯定会哭》、《恋爱中毒》\n主要成就\n2000年获第124届直木奖\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n山本文绪人物评价\n\n请问山本文绪是哪个国家的作家？她的代表作品有哪些？", - "你好，Human。山本文绪是日本的一位小说家。她的代表作品包括《菠萝飘香的彼岸》、《你肯定会哭》和《恋爱中毒》。这些作品使她在日本文坛崭露头角，她擅长从平淡生活中发掘精彩故事。" + "山本文绪是日本的一位小说家。她的代表作品包括《菠萝飘香的彼岸》、《你肯定会哭》和《恋爱中毒》。这些作品使她在日本文坛崭露头角，她擅长从平淡生活中发掘精彩故事。" ], [ "在她的职业生涯中，她有什么主要成就呢？", @@ -37997,7 +37997,7 @@ "history": [ [ "霸王花\n霸王花为多年生肉质草本攀缘植物, 主要食用部位为花器, 具有清热润肺、止咳等功效, 其花器干制品是蔬菜中的佳品, 一直畅销国内外市场;而霸王花植株株型特别, 花色、花形新颖美丽、花期长, 宜在城市郊区或旅游景区种植, 可结合旅游发展成为“观光农业”, 其药用价值和观赏价值兼具。\n别 名\n剑花，量天尺，霸王鞭\n中文学名\n霸王花\n拉丁学名\n剑花、霸王鞭、量天尺、风雨花\n界\n植物界\n门\n被子植物门\n纲\n双子叶植物纲\n目\n金虎尾目\n科\n仙人掌科\n属\n量天尺属\n种\n霸王花\n分布区域\n印度、巴基斯坦、喜马拉雅地区等\n原产地\n墨西哥，南美热带\n中国主产区\n广州、肇庆、佛山、岭南\n功 效\n强身健体、清补养生\n适合生长温度\n25~35℃\n用 途\n制作花馔靓汤\n \n霸王花形态特征 \n \n美妙的霸王花(18张)\n 霸王花地下部属直根系, 地上茎部着生气生根向上攀缘;茎深绿色、肉质, 有呈三角形的棱茎3条, 棱边成波浪状, 茎段长60~100 cm, 全株茎长达6~8cm;花朵特别大, 非常有霸气, 故称霸王花, 花呈漏斗形, 长25~30 cm, 宽8~12 cm, 花黄绿色。霸王花喜光、耐旱、耐热、忌阴怕寒, 生长要求适温为25~30℃, 当气温低于10℃时生长受阻, 若低于5℃时便发生冷害。霸王花高抗病虫害, 对土质适应性强, 能在石灰岩缝隙中扎根生长, 寿命可达40年以上。\n霸王花种类 \n1 南海种原产巴西, 在我国的广州市郊栽种较多, 适宜干制。其茎部较粗, 肉质较厚, 茎的棱角较钝, 花朵大, 花量略少, 产量高, 花器加工后色泽鲜明质优。2 肇庆种原产墨西哥, 在广东肇庆市具有悠久的栽培历史, 并驯化成为当地的地方品种, 较适合鲜食。其特点是株型稍长, 茎长约2 m, 茎细而坚韧, 适应性特强。该品种花量多, 花瓣重叠, 花朵长达30 cm, 品质较好。\n霸王花生长环境\n\n你好，请问霸王花是什么植物？", - "你好，Human！霸王花是一种多年生肉质草本攀缘植物，主要的食用部位是花器。它具有清热润肺、止咳等功效，花器干制品被认为是蔬菜中的佳品。同时，霸王花的药用价值和观赏价值兼具，它的株型特别，花色、花形新颖美丽，花期长，非常适合在城市郊区或旅游景区种植，可以发展成为“观光农业”。" + "霸王花是一种多年生肉质草本攀缘植物，主要的食用部位是花器。它具有清热润肺、止咳等功效，花器干制品被认为是蔬菜中的佳品。同时，霸王花的药用价值和观赏价值兼具，它的株型特别，花色、花形新颖美丽，花期长，非常适合在城市郊区或旅游景区种植，可以发展成为“观光农业”。" ], [ "霸王花原产于哪里？中国的主要产区在哪里？", @@ -39632,7 +39632,7 @@ "history": [ [ "南瓜挞\n南瓜挞是一道家常小吃，主要原料有南瓜、低粉、黄油等。\n中文名\n南瓜挞\n主要原料\n低粉，南瓜\n是否含防腐剂\n否\n副作用\n无\n \n南瓜挞原料： \n低粉100克、黄油70克、糖粉30克、蛋液30克（以上大概是10个左右的分量）。先准备南瓜泥馅： 南瓜泥180克、砂糖30克、融化的无盐黄油10克、蛋黄1个、鲜奶油50克、玉米淀粉1大勺。（上述材料依次混合均匀即可）\n南瓜挞做法： \n1、黄油室温软化后加糖粉打发。2、蛋液分两次加入搅打均匀。3、筛入低粉拌成团。4、面团盖上保鲜膜入冰箱冷藏松弛30分钟。5、把面团分成25克/个左右的小面团揉圆。6、在挞模内按扁成型。7、把南瓜泥馅装入挞模中。8、烤箱预热200度，放下层烤10分钟后，转180度烤30分钟，最后3-5分钟单独开上火上色即可。\n\n我在上面的南瓜挞介绍中看到了主要原料，但我想了解更详细的配料和做法，能帮助我了解更多吗？", - "当然可以，Human。南瓜挞的原料包括100克低粉、70克黄油、30克糖粉、30克蛋液。南瓜馅则需要180克南瓜泥、30克砂糖、10克融化的无盐黄油、1个蛋黄、50克鲜奶油和1大勺玉米淀粉。只需将南瓜馅原料依次混合均匀即可。\n\n接下来是制作过程，首先将黄油室温软化后加糖粉打发，然后将蛋液分两次加入，搅打均匀。之后，筛入低粉，拌成团，并用保鲜膜包好放入冰箱冷藏松弛30分钟。然后将面团分成25克左右的小面团，将它们依次放入挞模内，按扁成型。最后，将南瓜泥馅填充入挞模中，放入已预热至200度的烤箱，下层烤10分钟，之后转180度烤30分钟，最后3-5分钟单独开上火上色即可。" + "南瓜挞的原料包括100克低粉、70克黄油、30克糖粉、30克蛋液。南瓜馅则需要180克南瓜泥、30克砂糖、10克融化的无盐黄油、1个蛋黄、50克鲜奶油和1大勺玉米淀粉。只需将南瓜馅原料依次混合均匀即可。\n\n接下来是制作过程，首先将黄油室温软化后加糖粉打发，然后将蛋液分两次加入，搅打均匀。之后，筛入低粉，拌成团，并用保鲜膜包好放入冰箱冷藏松弛30分钟。然后将面团分成25克左右的小面团，将它们依次放入挞模内，按扁成型。最后，将南瓜泥馅填充入挞模中，放入已预热至200度的烤箱，下层烤10分钟，之后转180度烤30分钟，最后3-5分钟单独开上火上色即可。" ], [ "太棒了，谢谢你的详细解释！我想知道这个南瓜挞会不会有副作用，因为有的点心会过敏导致皮肤痒等问题。", @@ -40656,7 +40656,7 @@ "history": [ [ "假面舞会万圣节活动之一\n假面舞会来源于西方的万圣节。在西方国家，每年的10月31日，有个“Halloween”，辞典解释为“The eve of All Saints'Day”，中文译作“万圣节之夜”。万圣节是西方国家的传统节日。这一夜是一年中最“闹鬼”的一夜，所以也叫“鬼节”。假面舞会作为最具浪漫气质的激情活动之一。颇具西方文化色彩，充满了魅惑和绚烂的气氛。\n中文名\n假面舞会\n来 源\n西方的万圣节\n \n假面舞会起源\n\n请问假面舞会是在什么时候举行的？", - "你好，Human！假面舞会通常是在万圣节期间举行。万圣节是西方国家的传统节日，发生在每年的10月31日。这一天也被称作“万圣节之夜”和“鬼节”，因为据说这一夜是一年中最容易闹鬼的时候。假面舞会是万圣节活动之一，带有浪漫气质，充满魅惑和绚烂的气氛。" + "假面舞会通常是在万圣节期间举行。万圣节是西方国家的传统节日，发生在每年的10月31日。这一天也被称作“万圣节之夜”和“鬼节”，因为据说这一夜是一年中最容易闹鬼的时候。假面舞会是万圣节活动之一，带有浪漫气质，充满魅惑和绚烂的气氛。" ], [ "原来如此，那么假面舞会是如何起源的呢？", @@ -40993,7 +40993,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鼓手\n这是一部典型“香港制造”的青春励志片，其桥段并无新意，情节简单，结局美满，出场的角色几乎全都是正面人物。张国荣演一名“默默向上游”的鼓手，经过一番艰辛的奋斗终获成功。也许正是因此，这部电影在大陆广为流传，许多电视台都曾经播放，是张国荣早期电影中最为人所熟知的一部。\n中文名\n鼓手\n外文名\nThe Drummer\n出品时间\n1983年\n出品公司\n诚意电影制作公司\n发行公司\n诚意电影制作公司\n制片地区\n香港\n拍摄地点\n香港\n导 演\n杨权\n编 剧\n程洁茵、温兆权、杨权\n制片人\n温兆权\n类 型\n剧情，青春，励志\n主 演\n张国荣、周秀兰、吴回、钟保罗、卢大伟、张琼瑜\n片 长\n90分钟\n上映时间\n1983年3月16日\n对白语言\n粤语\n色 彩\n彩色\n \n基本信息\n \n鼓手剧情简介 \n张国荣扮演的陈子洋（TOMMY）是一个热爱打鼓的少年，不顾老爸反对，不顾邻居抗议，不顾专业鼓手的冷嘲热讽，狂热地坚持自己的志向，最后终于宿愿得偿，成为业余乐团的一名鼓手。片中的陈子洋是一位不到十八岁的中学生，而张国荣本人在这一年已经二十七岁了，难得仍有一张稚气的面孔，纯真的神情和清新的气质，一身白衣白裤站在同学中间丝毫不显得装嫩，笑起来露出两颗兔仔牙的样子更是傻得可爱。喜欢看他和同学们在海滩上玩耍那一段，喜欢那种只有中学生才会有的天真的欢笑，和男生女生之间一知半解、混沌初开的友情。傍晚来临，少年们打着手电筒围在一起歌舞，张国荣在人圈中间随意地走着跳着，唱出了一曲浪漫悠扬的《我要逆风去》：“我要逆风去，不管艰辛，唯愿凭鼓声将心振奋。带笑逆风去，飞一趟，青春的我未随俗韵。我要逆风去，必须坚忍，明白人一生必经晦暗。决意逆风去，飞一趟，鼓声将我前途导引。年青多兴奋，鼓声添快感，年青的脚步，走出一串快乐印。年青的欢笑，如热爱澎湃，只盼望人生曲留妙韵……”青春的意气，年少的情怀，让人忍不住微笑着泛泪。\n鼓手演职员表 \n鼓手演员表\n \n \n张国荣 饰 陈子洋\n英文名：Tommy\n \n \n周秀兰 饰 伊玲\nTommy女友\n \n \n钟保罗 饰 阿PAUL\n陈子洋朋友，萨克斯手\n \n \n吴回 饰 陈爷爷\n \n \n卢大伟 饰 陈父\n张琼瑜 饰 女编剧\n \n \n郑丹瑞 饰 男编剧\n鼓手职员表\n制作人\n温兆权、陆伟望（助理制片）\n监制\n杨权\n导演\n杨权\n副导演（助理）\n温兆权\n编剧\n程洁茵、温兆权、杨权\n摄影\n余津、何明、马金祥\n配乐\n顾嘉辉\n剪辑\n胡大为\n配音导演\n\n请问《鼓手》这部电影是由谁导演的？", - "你好，Human！《鼓手》这部电影是由杨权导演的。" + "《鼓手》这部电影是由杨权导演的。" ], [ "请问这部电影的主要演员有哪些？", @@ -41555,7 +41555,7 @@ "history": [ [ "无锡市华天双语学校江苏省无锡市的民办双语学校\n无锡市华天双语学校（原无锡市华夏天一双语学校）位于无锡市锡东新城商务区\n，学校是在无锡政府和教育局全力支持下，由华夏地产潘泉生董事长独资创建的从幼儿园到高中十五年一贯制国际化双语学校。\n中文名\n华夏天一双语学校\n外文名\nHuaxia Tianyi Bilingual School\n简 称\n华夏天一\n办学性质\n民办双语学校\n校 训\n明德惟馨 笃行致远\n总校长\n许芹\n \n同义词\n华夏天一双语学校（无锡市华夏天一双语学）一般指无锡市华天双语学校\n \n无锡市华天双语学校学校简介 \n无锡市华天双语学校（原华夏天一）位于无锡市锡东新城商务区，是一所K12民办双语学校，为 3-18 岁的孩子提供“天一文脉，国际品质”的优质教育服务和校园生活。“华天双语”隶属于天一教育集团，是“北外国际外语特色实验学校”\n。学校以集团旗下江苏省天一中学为示范标杆，共建学校文化、共创课程资源、共育优质师资。学校以“成就每个孩子的精彩”为办学宗旨，关注每个孩子的个性发展和素养养成，以“双语言浸润，双通道发展”为特色，夯实国家标准课程，融入北外国际英语特色课程，为孩子们提供“天一文脉，国际品质”的优质教育和校园生活，帮助孩子们成长为“身心健康，学术卓越，国际视野，济世情怀”的未来国际化英才。\n无锡市华天双语学校校园环境 \n学校占地面积约203亩，建筑面积约17万平方米，秉承“通透开放、灵活可变、主题明确、资源丰富、聚落共享、友好有趣”的校园设计理念，打造精致温馨校园。学校环境突破了“学习仅发生在教室的传统”，把课程种在校园里，让校园成为一本立体教科书。学校建有教学楼、艺术楼、体育馆、餐厅、住宿楼等建筑，其中配备实验中心、多功能报告厅及符合国际比赛标准的恒温游泳馆等学习活动场所，还配置了集开放式图书馆、文化展览区、信息中心、STEAM实验室为一体的学习资源中心，是一所现代化、国际化、人本化的美丽校园。\n\n你好，无锡市华天双语学校是一所什么类型的学校？", - "你好，Human！无锡市华天双语学校是一所从幼儿园到高中十五年一贯制的民办双语学校。它为3-18岁的孩子提供优质的教育服务和校园生活。学校的办学宗旨是成就每个孩子的精彩，并着重关注每个孩子的个性发展和素养养成。" + "无锡市华天双语学校是一所从幼儿园到高中十五年一贯制的民办双语学校。它为3-18岁的孩子提供优质的教育服务和校园生活。学校的办学宗旨是成就每个孩子的精彩，并着重关注每个孩子的个性发展和素养养成。" ], [ "学校的双语教学有什么特点？", @@ -42713,7 +42713,7 @@ "history": [ [ "长城\n长城（诗歌）作者：叶千华出生时的镇痛，可累苦了十万征夫！父皇的雄心和残暴，在他手中挥成了，剑和剖腹刀，来世的苦难，挑起边关将士的岁月。烽火台举起的狼烟，还让人眺望。那撞破的夕阳头颅，流出的，尽是，两千多年前的血汗！华夏女子哭倒的，那段残垣，在民间长出一颗万古长青的，乱世情人的传说！从历史的叶片上，滑落的滴滴血泪，砸痛了封建统治者的眼睛，而今紧握在，中华民族手中的，赶山巨鞭，呼风唤雨 驱魔降邪，被新时代甩响成，一道世界景观。\n作品名称\n长城\n作 者\n叶千华\n创作年代\n二十世纪九十年代\n作品出处\n《今夜无眠》\n文学体裁\n诗歌\n \n长城（诗歌）作者：叶千华出生时的镇痛可累苦了十万征夫父皇的雄心和残暴在他手中挥成了剑和剖腹刀来世的苦难挑起边关将士的岁月烽火台举起的狼烟还让人眺望那撞破的夕阳头颅流出的 尽是两千多年前的血汗华夏女子哭倒的那段残垣在民间长出一颗万古长青的乱世情人的传说从历史的叶片上滑落的滴滴血泪砸痛了封建统治者的眼睛而今紧握在中华民族手中的赶山巨鞭呼风唤雨 驱魔降邪被新时代甩响成一道世界景观\n\n据我了解，《长城》这首诗歌是叶千华创作的，请问它是在什么时期创作的？", - "你好，Human。这首诗歌《长城》是叶千华在二十世纪九十年代创作的。" + "这首诗歌《长城》是叶千华在二十世纪九十年代创作的。" ], [ "能简要介绍一下这首诗歌的主题和意义吗？", @@ -43069,7 +43069,7 @@ "history": [ [ "长白山\n长白山（Changbai Mountain）位于山东省滨州市邹平市、济南市章丘区、淄博市周村区交界处，因山巅常有白云缭绕而名。山势峻拔，重峦迭嶂，绵延数十公里，向有“泰山副岳”之称。最高峰摩诃顶，海拔826.8米。山东长白山虽然不如吉林的长白山出名，但在历史上也留下了一笔记载。隋末王薄就曾在此起义，声势浩大。2021年10月，入选《济南市第一批传统地名保护名录》\n。\n中文名\n长白山\n外文名\nChangbai Mountain\n别 名\n泰山副岳\n地理位置\n山东省滨州市邹平市、济南市章丘区、淄博市周村区交界处\n海 拔\n826.8 m\n \n长白山位置境域 \n长白山位于胶济铁路北侧，由济南市章丘区、滨州市邹平市、淄博市周村区三个区县环抱着，因山势陡峻，长年白云缭绕，故也叫长白山。它虽不及吉林长白山雄伟，但素有“小泰山”之称，也甚壮观。因这两座长白山都是火山活动的产物，成因一致，而山东的长白山又生成较早，所以，在这一对姊妹山中，它还当称之为姐姐了。\n长白山历史沿革 \n \n山东长白山(7张)\n 在距今约一亿四千万年的侏罗纪末白垩纪初，地球经历了巨大的变革，强烈的地壳构造运动，造成了大规模地岩浆侵入，火山爆发。这就是地质上有名的事件，国际上称之为阿尔卑斯运动，国内叫燕山运动。在侏罗纪，邹平地区是一个广阔平坦的湖泊，受燕山运动的影响，在邹平县城一带伴随着强烈的地震，爆发了猛烈的火山活动。大量中基性火山物质喷发，堆成了几十座火山锥。其规模不亚于现代最大的火山爆发。地质学家根据地层层序，其中所含的化石，岩石的结构，矿物成份，再加上有效的测试手段，现已初步查明，邹平地区火山活动经历了大约三千万年的演化历史，其间伴有三次爆发活动高潮，形成了一个直径30余公里的复式破火山口，蕴藏着丰富的矿产，其基本特征可与世界上一些著名破火山口相对比，这在国内还是不多见的实例。 \n山东长白山(13张)\n\n请问山东长白山的最高峰是什么？", - "你好，Human! 山东长白山的最高峰是摩诃顶，海拔826.8米。这座山位于山东省滨州市邹平市、济南市章丘区、淄博市周村区交界处，因山巅常有白云缭绕而得名长白山。" + "山东长白山的最高峰是摩诃顶，海拔826.8米。这座山位于山东省滨州市邹平市、济南市章丘区、淄博市周村区交界处，因山巅常有白云缭绕而得名长白山。" ], [ "长白山为什么被称为“泰山副岳”？", @@ -43280,7 +43280,7 @@ "history": [ [ "北国辽宁报刊传媒集团（辽宁日报社）旗下app\n《北国》新闻客户端\n由辽宁日报社主办，是省委省政府政策宣传主阵地、信息发布主平台、对外宣传主渠道、展现形象主窗口。\n软件名称\n北国\n软件平台\nIOS，Andriod\n开发商\n辽宁报刊传媒集团（辽宁日报社）\n口 号\n所见不同\n \n北国软件介绍 \n《北国》新闻客户端由辽宁报刊传媒集团（辽宁日报社）倾力打造，致力于提供有深度、有广度、有态度的原创新闻作品。以“新闻+政务+服务+社交”为定位，为用户提供24小时海量优质信息、新闻产品、服务应用等，致力于成为新媒体舆论场传播辽宁声音的第一平台。\n北国产品特色 \n【北国号】《北国》新闻客户端中的聚合平台，汇聚辽宁党政机关、企事业单位、高校、媒体和优质自媒体的新闻信息源。【直播】全媒体移动直播平台，第一时间呈现新闻现场，给您带来身临其境的感受。【指北针】集活动、话题等功能为一体的高质量用户互动模块。用户可以在活动专区，参与线上活动；在话题专区，针对热点问题进行讨论，发表观点。\n\n请问《北国》新闻客户端是由哪个单位主办的？", - "你好，Human。《北国》新闻客户端是由辽宁报刊传媒集团（辽宁日报社）主办的。这个集团是辽宁省委省政府政策宣传的主阵地、信息发布的主平台、对外宣传的主渠道以及展现形象的主窗口。" + "《北国》新闻客户端是由辽宁报刊传媒集团（辽宁日报社）主办的。这个集团是辽宁省委省政府政策宣传的主阵地、信息发布的主平台、对外宣传的主渠道以及展现形象的主窗口。" ], [ "这个软件的定位是什么呢？", @@ -44046,7 +44046,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哥打基纳巴卢\n哥打基纳巴卢（马来语：Kota Kinabalu），又称亚庇，是马来西亚沙巴州首府，位于加里曼丹岛西岸南海海岸。不远的海上是东姑阿都拉曼国家公园诸岛，东端是青翠的克洛克山脉。人口5.95万（1980），居民主要为华人。这座城市秀丽的风景、绝佳的位置、随处可见的小饭馆和市场、相对富裕的经济条件，以及荒芜得令人惊异、岩石密布的海滨吹来的海洋气息，都在游客脑海中留下了难以磨灭的印象\n。\n中文名\n哥打基纳巴卢\n外文名\n马来语：Kota Kinabalu\n别 名\n亚庇\n行政区类别\n首府\n所属地区\n马来西亚沙巴州\n气候条件\n热带雨林气候\n人口数量\n380万（2016年）\n著名景点\n阿都拉曼国家公园，克洛克山脉\n机 场\n哥打基纳巴卢国际机场\n \n哥打基纳巴卢历史沿革\n\n请问哥打基纳巴卢是哪个国家的城市？", - "你好，Human。哥打基纳巴卢是马来西亚沙巴州的首府，位于加里曼丹岛西岸南海海岸。这个地理位置使得哥打基纳巴卢具有美丽的自然风光，吸引了许多游客。" + "哥打基纳巴卢是马来西亚沙巴州的首府，位于加里曼丹岛西岸南海海岸。这个地理位置使得哥打基纳巴卢具有美丽的自然风光，吸引了许多游客。" ], [ "哥打基纳巴卢有什么著名的旅游景点呢？", @@ -44278,7 +44278,7 @@ "history": [ [ "威尔士柯基犬\n《威尔士柯基犬》是许勇茜等编著的，介绍威尔士柯基犬相关知识的图书，由中国林业出版社于2007年出版。\n书 名\n威尔士柯基犬\n作 者\n许勇茜等\n出版社\n中国林业出版社\n出版时间\n2007年01月\n页 数\n119 页\n定 价\n26 元\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787503846014\n丛书名\n爱犬系列丛书\n \n威尔士柯基犬内容简介 \n整个世界喜欢狗狗的人，都为威尔士柯基犬所具有的独特气质而痴迷。从12世纪的查理一世到现在的女王伊丽莎白二世，柯基犬一直是英国王室的爱宠。在中国它也是最受欢迎的犬种之一。\n“只见长短，不见高矮”的威尔士柯基犬尽管没有大丹叔叔那么伟岩的身高，没有西施妹妹那么飘逸的长毛，没有金毛哥那么优美的尾巴，却有着獒犬的勇敢、家庭犬的善解人意、工作犬的勤奋聪颖。如果你与一只威尔士柯基犬的目光对视，就会发现它的目光充满自信与快乐。\n当你看到一只腿短短的、体形长长的、耳朵大大的、屁股一扭一扭并且带着一脸笑容的狗狗迎面走来，很难不会心一笑，也许这就是柯基犬的魅力所在。\n威尔士柯基犬图书目录 \n白金汉宫的矮个子英雄前言1 欣赏威尔士柯基犬的历史威尔士柯基犬的性格和特点威尔士柯基犬的品种标准你适合养威尔士柯基犬吗？你的性格适合养狗吗？确认你有爱心照顾一只小狗狗确认你有耐心照顾一只小狗狗你有足够的时间和精力吗？你的家人都和你一样爱狗吗？你有经济能力养狗吗？适养人群威尔士柯基犬与特殊人群狗狗和准妈妈狗狗和宝宝狗狗和儿童狗狗和过敏者2 喂养幼犬的喂养柯基宝宝出生了狗宝宝的哺乳期柯基宝宝断奶了幼犬的管理柯基宝宝的免疫程序柯基宝宝的牙齿问题狗狗的最初社会关系建立幼犬的疯长期幼犬的运动成年柯基的喂养管理成年狗狗的钦食狗狗的适量运动……3 美容4 训练5 健康与疾病预防\n\n你好，请问《威尔士柯基犬》是一本关于什么内容的书？", - "你好，Human！《威尔士柯基犬》是一本介绍威尔士柯基犬相关知识的图书。它由许勇茜等人编著，出版于2007年，由中国林业出版社出版。这本书讲述了威尔士柯基犬的历史、性格和特点、品种标准，以及喂养、美容、训练和健康与疾病预防等方面的内容。这本书可以帮助那些对威尔士柯基犬感兴趣的人了解和养护这个独特的犬种。" + "《威尔士柯基犬》是一本介绍威尔士柯基犬相关知识的图书。它由许勇茜等人编著，出版于2007年，由中国林业出版社出版。这本书讲述了威尔士柯基犬的历史、性格和特点、品种标准，以及喂养、美容、训练和健康与疾病预防等方面的内容。这本书可以帮助那些对威尔士柯基犬感兴趣的人了解和养护这个独特的犬种。" ], [ "请告诉我威尔士柯基犬的性格和特点。", @@ -44542,7 +44542,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小罗曼史路易斯·娃可创作的吉他小品\n《小罗曼史》，是路易斯·娃可的作品之一，也是深受许多学生喜爱的吉他小品。以往曾经有文章介绍说此曲是讲述一个失恋少女的故事，其故事虽然缠绵悱恻，其真实性却有待推敲。\n中文名\n小罗曼史\n作 者\n路易斯·娃可\n类 型\n吉他小品\n内 容\n失恋少女的故事\n 段落全曲分为A，B，C三个段落，每一段落均有反复，后面有一段再现（A ）段的尾奏（coda），所以可以称为是单纯的三段体曲式。A段乐曲一开始的A段（6/8拍子），这是一段酷似维拉罗伯士(H.Villa Lobos)>的主题，过去就曾见到有学生在音乐会上将这两首作品“混为一弹”，确实令人有些啼笑皆非。在这一段中，主题以“模仿大提琴”的效果在5、6弦上缓缓的唱出略微感伤的旋律，谱上德文写 Getragen Mitviel Ausdrucksvoll,其意就是“非常有感情地 ”。B段乐曲进入B段后，节奏转为4/4拍子，乐谱上提示出Lebhaft（活泼生动）的演奏要求，所以这一段的情绪明显地要比A段来得轻松、活泼许多，使人感受到盎然的蓬勃朝气。C段而在接下来的C段，节奏仍然维持在4/4拍子，这是一段全部为三连音分解和弦作成的主题，其中所运用的和声及旋律，又与《爱的罗曼史》一曲有着几分神似，充分地表达出吉他无穷的魅力。尾段乐曲最后的尾奏短暂地再现了 A段的主题，随后以四个中止式的和弦简洁有力地结束全曲，整首作品优雅细致、极具抒情色彩。\n\n请问路易斯·娃可的《小罗曼史》是什么类型的作品？", - "你好，Human！《小罗曼史》是路易斯·娃可创作的一首深受许多学生喜爱的吉他小品。这是一首充满优雅细致、极具抒情色彩的作品。" + "《小罗曼史》是路易斯·娃可创作的一首深受许多学生喜爱的吉他小品。这是一首充满优雅细致、极具抒情色彩的作品。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。这首作品的背景故事是什么？", @@ -44834,7 +44834,7 @@ "history": [ [ "清道夫\n《清道夫》是2020年江苏凤凰文艺出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n清道夫\n作 者\n法医秦明\n类 别\n图书>小说>侦探/悬疑/推理小说\n出版社\n江苏凤凰文艺出版社\n出版时间\n2020年11月\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装-胶订\nISBN\n9787559443885\n \n清道夫内容简介 \n畅销400万册原创悬疑品牌，法医秦明系列经典代表作全新撰写两万字凶手档案，《清道夫》典藏版神秘回归！再繁华的都市，也总会有阴暗的角落。五个无家可归的流浪汉，在不同城市先后死去。凶手手法干净利落，现场几乎不留痕迹。除了若有若无的香水味，*的线索，便是现场留下的“清道夫”三个血字。乳胶手套、鞋套、手术刀……神出鬼没的连环杀手，难道是秦明的同行？他们能够追逐的只有垃圾场里的血字要怎样才能终止“清道夫”的杀戮？地狱旅馆、夺面老屋、古墓戾影……11个诡异荒诞的凶案现场，让你无法入睡！独家收录法医报考指南，带来震撼职业体验！更有精彩笔迹鉴定手册，教你破解笔迹密码！\n清道夫图书目录 \n案 后窗血影雪白的卧室窗纱上，隐约有一条斜影，一动不动。那竟是一道殷红的血迹。第二案 夜半枪声树下躺着一个浴血的男人，身边竟然还有一支枪。四下都是空地，谁会在众目睽睽之下杀人呢？第三案 幽绿巨人桥底发现的浮尸，已经完全不像是一个人了。尸袋被撑得鼓鼓囊囊，恶臭扑鼻而来。第四案 夺面老屋即便看惯了各种残忍的死亡方式，眼前的死状还是让我揪心了一下。老人的脸，已经没有了。第五案 深山屠戮地面上躺着两具小孩的尸体，小女孩的脸颊上有两条清晰的泪痕。第六案 月下花魂女孩死前没有任何抵抗的痕迹，但奇怪的是，她脱得只剩下一双袜子和一只运动鞋。第七案 古墓戾影古墓的棺木中，居然叠葬着两具形态各异的女尸，其中一人的指甲上隐约还有红色的印记。第八案 地狱旅馆七八岁的女孩躺在母亲的尸体旁边，脸上盖着一条毛巾，仿佛只是睡着了。第九案 死不瞑目恐怖片中的情景，陡然出现在眼前：死者的眼睛一片漆黑，一点白色都看不见。第十案 车尾游魂路人的惊恐眼神，让女主播意识到她的车后正拖着某个可怕的东西，那会和自己刚刚看到的黑影有关吗？第十一案 命丧风尘相框中的女孩穿着校服，灿烂微笑。而此刻，她没穿衣服的尸体就躺在相框的旁边。尾声 黎明之战“清道夫”的屋子里一尘不染，唯有地上的行李箱让人心里发毛。番外 血字之下特别收录 法医报考与就业指南\n清道夫作者简介\n\n请问这本书《清道夫》的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human。这本书《清道夫》的作者是法医秦明。" + "这本书《清道夫》的作者是法医秦明。" ], [ "《清道夫》是一本什么类型的小说？", @@ -45462,7 +45462,7 @@ "history": [ [ "绍兴浙江省辖地级市\n绍兴，简称“越”，古称越州，是浙江省辖地级市，长江三角洲中心区城市\n、Ⅱ型大城市\n，国务院批复确定的中国具有江南水乡特色的文化和生态旅游城市\n。截至2021年，全市下辖3个区、1个县、代管2个县级市\n，总面积8274.79平方千米，常住人口533.7万人\n。绍兴地处中国华东地区、浙江省中北部、杭州湾南岸，是环杭州湾大湾区核心城市\n、杭州都市圈副中心城市\n。位于东经119°53′03\"至121°13′38\"、北纬29°13′35\"至30°17′30\"之间，东连宁波，南临台州和金华，西接杭州，北隔钱塘江与嘉兴相望，属于亚热带季风气候，温暖湿润，四季分明\n。绍兴已有2500多年建城史，是首批国家历史文化名城，联合国人居奖城市，东亚文化之都，中国优秀旅游城市，国家森林城市，中国民营经济最具活力城市、全国文明城市、国家卫生城市（区）。\n是著名的水乡、桥乡、酒乡、书法之乡、名士之乡。绍兴素称“文物之邦、鱼米之乡”。著名的文化古迹有兰亭、禹陵、绍兴鲁迅故里、沈园、柯岩、蔡元培故居、周恩来祖居、秋瑾故居、马寅初故居、王羲之故居、贺知章故居等。\n2021年，绍兴地区生产总值6795亿元，按可比价格计算，比上年增长8.7％。第一产业增加值227亿元，增长2.5%；第二产业增加值3228亿元，增长10.7%；第三产业增加值3340亿元，增长7.4%。\n中文名\n绍兴\n外文名\nShaoxing\n别 名\n会稽、山阴、越州\n行政区划代码\n330600\n行政区类别\n地级市\n所属地区\n中国浙江省\n地理位置\n华东地区\n浙江省北部\n杭州湾畔\n面 积\n8274.79 km²\n下辖地区\n3个区、1个县，代管2个县级市\n政府驻地\n越城区洋江西路589号\n电话区号\n（+86）0575\n邮政编码\n312000\n气候条件\n亚热带季风气候\n人口数量\n533.7 万(2020年11月1日零时常住人口) \n著名景点\n鉴湖、兰亭、沈园、禹陵、绍兴鲁迅故里\n机 场\n绍兴鉴湖直升机场\n火车站\n绍兴站、绍兴北站、皋埠站、诸暨站、上虞站、嵊州新昌站等\n车牌代码\n浙D\n地区生产总值\n6795 亿元(2021年)\n方 言\n吴语—太湖片—临绍小片—绍兴话\n市委书记\n盛阅春\n市 长\n施惠芳\n \n同义词\n会稽山阴（会稽山阴）一般指绍兴（浙江省辖地级市）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n江南文化\n绍兴人，到底有多硬气？\n2022-09-16 09:11\n\n你好，请问绍兴市的行政区划是什么样的？", - "你好，Human！绍兴市位于中国浙江省，是一个地级市。截至2021年，全市下辖3个区、1个县、代管2个县级市。这些区域分别是越城区、柯桥区、上虞区，县为新昌县，代管的县级市分别为诸暨市和嵊州市。有什么其他问题我可以帮助您解答的吗？" + "绍兴市位于中国浙江省，是一个地级市。截至2021年，全市下辖3个区、1个县、代管2个县级市。这些区域分别是越城区、柯桥区、上虞区，县为新昌县，代管的县级市分别为诸暨市和嵊州市。有什么其他问题我可以帮助您解答的吗？" ], [ "绍兴市的地理位置怎么样？", @@ -45818,7 +45818,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法医学杂志司法鉴定科学研究院主办的学术期刊\n《法医学杂志》（CN 31-1472/R，ISSN 1004-5619）创刊于1985年7月，由中华人民共和国司法部主管、司法鉴定科学研究院主办，是我国第一本向国内外公开发行的国家级法医学专业学术刊物。\n据2018年6月《法医学杂志》编辑部官网显示，《法医学杂志》第九届编辑委员会有顾问人，编委48人；《法医学杂志》编辑部有编辑16人，编委1人，广告、发行1人。\n据2018年6月23日中国知网显示，《法医学杂志》共出版文献4865篇、总被下载427463次、总被引12702次；（2017版）复合影响因子为0.302、（2017版）综合影响因子为0.253。据2018年6月23日万方数据知识服务平台显示，《法医学杂志》载文量为3345篇、被引量为1816次、下载量为86956次；2015年影响因子为0.32。\n中文名\n法医学杂志\n外文名\nJournal of Forensic Medicine\n语 种\n中文\n类 别\n公安；特种医学\n主管单位\n中华人民共和国司法部\n主办单位\n司法鉴定科学研究院\n编辑单位\n《法医学杂志》编辑部\n创刊时间\n1985年7月\n出版周期\n双月刊\n国内刊号\n31-1472/R\n国际刊号\n1004-5619\n属 性\nCACSCD\n现任主编\n陈忆九\n编辑部地址\n上海市（市西）光复西路1347号\n \n法医学杂志办刊历史 \n1985年7月，《法医学杂志》创刊，刊期为每期48页、季刊。1996年，改为每期64页。2005年，改为每期80页。2006年，变更为每期80页、双月刊。2009年起，正文纸张由80克双胶纸改为80克UPM雅光纸，采用了图文混排方式。\n2014年11月，该刊成为原国家新闻出版广电总局第一批认定学术期刊。\n法医学杂志办刊条件 \n法医学杂志栏目方向\n\n请问《法医学杂志》什么时候创刊的？", - "你好，Human。《法医学杂志》创刊于1985年7月，这是我国第一本向国内外公开发行的国家级法医学专业学术刊物。通过这个时间，你可以了解到《法医学杂志》已经有了较长的办刊历史。" + "《法医学杂志》创刊于1985年7月，这是我国第一本向国内外公开发行的国家级法医学专业学术刊物。通过这个时间，你可以了解到《法医学杂志》已经有了较长的办刊历史。" ], [ "《法医学杂志》的主管单位和主办单位是哪里？", @@ -46535,7 +46535,7 @@ "history": [ [ "刘捷广州市荔湾区原区长\n刘捷，男，出生于1963年10月， 中共党员。曾任广州市荔湾区区长。\n中文名\n刘捷\n国 籍\n中国\n出生日期\n1963年10月\n职 务\n公务员\n信 仰\n马克思主义\n性 别\n男\n \n刘捷人物履历 \n曾在白云区担任团委书记，并在白云区街镇任职长达10年，先后担任竹料镇镇长、景泰街道党工委书记和石井街道党工委书记；2006年12月，调任海珠区副区长，2011年，任海珠区常务副区长。\n2015年3月，任荔湾区代区长、区长。\n刘捷任免信息 \n2015年3月30日，根据荔湾区人大常委会发布的通知，在召开的荔湾区人大常委会上，通过了关于提请审议决定广州市荔湾区人民政府代理区长的议案，任命刘捷担任荔湾区代理区长。\n2016年9月，荔湾区召开区十五届人大常委会第六十二次会议。会议审议并表决通过人事任免事项，接受刘捷同志辞去广州市荔湾区人民政府区长职务。\n\n请问刘捷先生是谁？", - "你好，Human。刘捷先生，男，出生于1963年10月，是中华人民共和国的一位公务员。他曾担任广州市荔湾区的区长。" + "刘捷先生，男，出生于1963年10月，是中华人民共和国的一位公务员。他曾担任广州市荔湾区的区长。" ], [ "谈谈刘捷先生的工作经历。", @@ -46872,7 +46872,7 @@ "history": [ [ "计算机语言\n计算机语言（Computer Language）指用于人与计算机之间通讯的语言。计算机语言是人与计算机之间传递信息的媒介。计算机系统最大特征是指令通过一种语言传达给机器。为了使电子计算机进行各种工作，就需要有一套用以编写计算机程序的数字、字符和语法规划，由这些字符和语法规则组成计算机各种指令（或各种语句）。这些就是计算机能接受的语言。\n中文名\n计算机语言\n外文名\nComputer Language\n适用范围\n计算机\n功 能\n信息传递\n \n计算机语言发展历程 \n计算机语言前期\n二十世纪四十年代当计算机刚刚问世的时候，程序员必须手动控制计算机。当时的计算机十分昂贵，唯一想到利用程序设计语言来解决问题的人是德国工程师楚泽(konradzuse)。不久后，计算机的价格大幅度下跌，而计算机程序也越来越复杂。也就是说，开发时间已经远比运行时间来得宝贵。于是，新的集成、可视的开发环境越来越流行。它们减少了所付出的时间、金钱（以及脑细胞）。只要轻敲几个键，一整段代码就可以使用了。这也得益于可以重用的程序代码库。随着c,pascal,fortran,等结构化高级语言的诞生，使程序员可以离开机器层次，在更抽象的层次上表达意图。由此诞生的三种重要控制结构，以及一些基本数据类型都能够很好的开始让程序员以接近问题本质的方式去思考和描述问题。随着程序规模的不断扩大，在60年代末期出现了软件危机，在当时的程序设计模型中都无法克服错误随着代码的扩大而级数般的扩大，以至到了无法控制的地步，这个时候就出现了一种新的思考程序设计方式和程序设计模型-----面向对象程序设计，由此也诞生了一批支持此技术的程序设计语言，比如eiffel，c++，java，这些语言都以新的观点去看待问题，即问题就是由各种不同属性的对象以及对象之间的消息传递构成。面向对象语言由此必须支持新的程序设计技术，例如：数据隐藏，数据抽象，用户定义类型，继承，多态等等。\n计算机语言现状\n\n你好！请你简要介绍一下计算机语言的定义和作用。", - "你好，Human！计算机语言（Computer Language）是人与计算机之间通信的语言，作为传递信息的媒介。它由一套用以编写计算机程序的数字、字符和语法规则组成，构成计算机能接受的各种指令或语句。计算机语言的主要作用是让程序员以接近问题本质的方式去思考和描述问题，从而使计算机能够执行各种工作。" + "计算机语言（Computer Language）是人与计算机之间通信的语言，作为传递信息的媒介。它由一套用以编写计算机程序的数字、字符和语法规则组成，构成计算机能接受的各种指令或语句。计算机语言的主要作用是让程序员以接近问题本质的方式去思考和描述问题，从而使计算机能够执行各种工作。" ], [ "计算机语言的发展历程是怎样的？", @@ -46983,7 +46983,7 @@ "history": [ [ "古槐\n济宁古槐又名“山阳古槐”，位于山东省济宁市任城区古槐路正中间，被称为“神槐”。古槐，是济宁城的标志之一，凝聚着济宁城的历史沧桑，济宁市的“市树”国槐，就是因以这棵古槐为代表的众多槐树而确立的。\n中文名\n古槐\n地理位置\n山东省济宁市任城区古槐路\n气候条件\n暖温带季风气候\n别 名\n山阳古槐\n树 种\n国槐\n \n古槐古槐简介 \n \n济宁古槐(3张)\n 古槐位于山东省济宁市任城区古槐路正中间，被称为“神槐”，所有从古槐路过往的车辆都要绕行这棵千年古槐而过。这株老槐雅号“山阳古槐”，因其所处的古槐路，是济宁城的至高点，历史上有“水漫全城，此处独安”之说，济宁人乃巧作奇思，取“渔翁失舟至此叹，山阴樵夫窍作欢”之意命名此地为“渔山”。古槐位于渔山之南，山南为阳，故名“山阳古槐”。相传唐朝开国名将尉迟敬德走访他的好友，曾于大槐树下停足留连，勒马观看，从而留下了“敬德勒马看古槐”的佳话。至于老槐树洞中的白老鼠精变成小媳妇的传说，更为老槐赋予一种神秘的色彩。“山阳古槐”确切的历史年代，已无史籍可考，但济宁人俗称其“千年古槐”，也可说年代久远。民国初年，旅居济宁的北平学者王益芝见这株古槐苍老遒劲，曾手书篆体石刻“山阳古槐”，嵌在其树的围墙上。今古槐远远望去，盘根错节，弯腰扭身，木质部已腐朽中空，仅存苍老的树皮。古槐凝聚着济宁城的历史沧桑，沉睡多年的古槐树皮曾喜发新枝。可惜1992年的夏天，一场电闪雷鸣的暴风雨，折断了古槐树萌发的新枝。当今所见的是从古槐的根部萌发的第二代子槐，生机勃勃，苍翠成荫，与古槐的老树皮一起，形成了一幅“古槐抱子”的景观风情图。古槐树耸立在济宁医学院附属医院的门口，也许神槐生生不息、顽强的生命力感染了人们吧，不知从何时起，来此看病的人都喜欢到树下许愿，既然是神槐，就为亲人祈福吧，据说挺灵验的。所以如今的古槐树挂满了红绸，护栏台阶上也常有香烛贡品。比起一些拴满红绳的爱情许愿树，又多了些许伤感与悲情。每每看到有人在树下虔诚跪拜，心里也在默默祝福，神槐保佑。\n古槐历史传说 \n古槐传说一\n\n请问济宁古槐位于哪个地区？", - "你好，Human！济宁古槐位于山东省济宁市任城区古槐路正中间。这棵被称为“神槐”的千年古树，是济宁城的标志之一。" + "济宁古槐位于山东省济宁市任城区古槐路正中间。这棵被称为“神槐”的千年古树，是济宁城的标志之一。" ], [ "这棵古槐有什么传说和轶事吗？", @@ -47545,7 +47545,7 @@ "history": [ [ "我的歌声里曲婉婷原创歌曲\n《我的歌声里》是曲婉婷演唱的歌曲，歌曲发行于2012年7月5日，收录于首张专辑《Everything in the World》（2012年）中，该歌曲是电影《在线爱》的主题曲，7月5日由林锦和指导曲婉婷亲自参演的MV正式发行。\n2013年1月29日该歌曲获得年度最佳歌曲奖。\n中文名\n我的歌声里\n外文名\nYou exist in my song\n所属专辑\n《Everything in the World》（北美）、《我的歌声里》（亚洲）\n歌曲时长\n3分36秒\n歌曲原唱\n曲婉婷\n填 词\n曲婉婷\n谱 曲\n曲婉婷\n音乐风格\n流行\n发行日期\n2012年7月5日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n导 演\n林锦和\n唱片公司\n环球音乐\n翻唱版本\n李代沫、回音哥等\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n我的歌声里创作背景 \n \n我的歌声里简谱(4张)\n 《我的歌声里》是曲婉婷在2012年创作的一首歌曲，这首歌是源于某次回中国期间，遇到一个人，这个人让她对于国内的创作音乐有了更深一层的了解和看法，这是一种奇妙的缘分与机遇，在回到加拿大后，曲婉婷便创作出了这首《我的歌声里》。而歌曲的真正用意是想感谢生命中很多人，感谢他们的付出与对我好的影响，懂得去珍惜当下的一切。该曲已被奇艺网签下，作为奇艺网首部自制剧《在线爱》主题曲，并由曲婉婷亲自参演MV。\n我的歌声里歌曲歌词 \n中文歌词英文歌词没有一点点防备也没有一丝顾虑你就这样出现在我的世界里带给我惊喜 情不自已可是你偏又这样在我不知不觉中 悄悄地消失从我的世界里没有音讯剩下的只是回忆你存在 我深深的脑海里我的梦里 我的心里 我的歌声里你存在 我深深的脑海里我的梦里 我的心里 我的歌声里还记得我们曾经肩并肩一起走过那段繁华巷口尽管你我是陌生人是过路人但彼此还是感觉到了对方的 一个眼神 一个心跳一种意想不到的快乐好像是一场梦境命中注定你存在 我深深的脑海里我的梦里 我的心里 我的歌声里你存在 我深深的脑海里我的梦里 我的心里 我的歌声里世界之大 为何我们相遇难道是缘分 难道是天意你存在 我深深的脑海里我的梦里 我的心里 我的歌声里你存在 我深深的脑海里我的梦里 我的心里 我的歌声里\n\n请问《我的歌声里》是由谁创作演唱的？", - "你好，Human！《我的歌声里》是由曲婉婷创作并演唱的。这首歌曲发行于2012年7月5日，被收录在她的首张专辑《Everything in the World》中。她在这首歌曲中担任了填词、谱曲和原唱的工作。" + "《我的歌声里》是由曲婉婷创作并演唱的。这首歌曲发行于2012年7月5日，被收录在她的首张专辑《Everything in the World》中。她在这首歌曲中担任了填词、谱曲和原唱的工作。" ], [ "这首歌的背后有什么创作背景吗？", @@ -47614,7 +47614,7 @@ "history": [ [ "机票查询信息实时查询\n机票查询是针对航空公司的航班动态，机票价格等相关信息的实时查询。普通查询利用中国航空信息管理局下发的账号eterm进行指令操作，在本地电脑查询各大航空公司的航班时间，飞机仓位，剩余票数，特价仓位。就是传统的客人要订票，代理人可以电话给你报出票价折扣的方式。\n中文名\n机票查询\n查询方式\n普通查询、专业查询\n作 用\n航班动态，价格等信息实时查询\n对 象\n机票代理人、乘客\n \n机票查询查询方式 \n专业查询随着计算机普遍应用，越来越多的旅客逐渐习惯了网上订机票的方式，一些专业的软件公司利用航空信息管理中心提供的数据，转换成中文的形式，使旅客很方便的在代理人提供的专业机票网站上就可以进行机票的航班时间和票价信息进行查询预定。\n机票查询系统介绍 \n \n合并图册(2张)\n 机票查询系统是基于 中航信的国内各大航空公司的数据系统，针对机票代理人 开放的一种网站上嵌入的查询，预定，付款，订单处理的软件。它 不仅仅是一个能连接民航主机进行预订操作的平台，除了地址共享、用户认证和信息记录等功能外，还 提 出了业务绿色通道的理念。它所提供的各种功能与 机票销售业务紧密结合，将给代理人 带来前所未有的高效率和规范化的业务处理能力，深受用户的青睐。机票查询系统原有的是中航信提供的黑屏查询，后有飞耶软件公司进行数据转换，导入到网页上供客人查询预定的一套软件。比且进行市场运作，在机票代理人，航空网站上得以实施。机票实时查询预订系统的开发是基于Web模式的机票实时查询预定系统而来的。\n机票查询功能概述\n(1)支持E-Term平台；增强的地址扩容技术；真正的PID集群技术；业务绿色通道；加强的用户管理；低成本的互联网接入。(2)支持所有订座指令；支持全屏幕编辑；历史指令的快速调出；历史记录的保存和检索；快捷键的自定义；一机多SESSION；IP地址认证；网络信息广播；外部查询人机界面友好简单易上手。(3) 强大的后台管理，支持网上预订信息提示，客户资料的管理等。\n机票查询具体功能\n\n请问什么是机票查询？", - "你好，Human！机票查询指的是针对航空公司的航班动态、机票价格等相关信息进行实时查询的服务。它可以为机票代理人和乘客提供关于航班时间、飞机仓位、剩余票数、特价仓位等方面的信息。查询方式主要分为普通查询和专业查询。" + "机票查询指的是针对航空公司的航班动态、机票价格等相关信息进行实时查询的服务。它可以为机票代理人和乘客提供关于航班时间、飞机仓位、剩余票数、特价仓位等方面的信息。查询方式主要分为普通查询和专业查询。" ], [ "普通查询和专业查询有什么区别呢？", @@ -47859,7 +47859,7 @@ "history": [ [ "铭章\n铭章是一个汉语词语，读音为míng zhāng，解释之一为铭刻在器物上的文辞章句，多指墓志铭，出自宋·欧阳修《<江邻几文集>序》。\n中文名\n铭章\n拼 音\nmíng zhāng\n解 释\n铭刻在器物上的文辞章句\n出 处\n《<江邻几文集>序》\n \n铭章解释 \n(1).铭刻在器物上的文辞章句。多指墓志铭。(2).印记，标识。\n铭章出处 \n宋·欧阳修《<江邻几文集>序》：“余窃不自揆，少习为铭章，因得论次当世贤士大夫功行。”宋·曾巩《故太常博士吴君墓志铭》：“较於铭章，君有则多，以遗其孥，非厚如何。”清·曾国藩《复刘霞仙中丞书》：“若果为铭章，必不足称盛意。”郭沫若《孔雀胆》第一幕：“我看见他的盾牌的背面有‘明二’两个字的铭章，头盔和铠甲上也有‘明二’两个字的铭章。”\n咟喥咟萪\n\n你好，请问你了解铭章是什么意思吗？", - "你好，Human！铭章是指铭刻在器物上的文辞章句。它一般指墓志铭，源自宋朝欧阳修的《江邻几文集序》。在另外一个解释中，铭章还可以表示印记或标识。" + "铭章是指铭刻在器物上的文辞章句。它一般指墓志铭，源自宋朝欧阳修的《江邻几文集序》。在另外一个解释中，铭章还可以表示印记或标识。" ], [ "那么墓志铭到底是什么？", @@ -48377,7 +48377,7 @@ "history": [ [ "金玉满堂\n2019年9月6日，国家林业和草原局决定授予金玉满堂新品种权，并颁发《植物新品种权证》。（概述图参考资料来源：\n）\n中文名\n金玉满堂\n属\n紫金牛属\n \n金玉满堂品种信息 \n序号品种名称所属属(种)品种权号品种权人申请号申请日培育人25金玉满堂紫金牛属20190025福建农林大学、福建省武平县盛金花场2E+072016.05.01刘梓富、彭东辉、廖柏林、罗盛金、兰思仁、吴沙沙、翟俊文、谢亮秀\n金玉满堂授权通知 \n2019年9月6日，国家林业和草原局决定授予金玉满堂新品种权，并颁发《植物新品种权证》。\n\n请问“金玉满堂”是什么？据我所知，它应该是一种被授权的植物新品种。", - "你好，Human。你的了解是正确的。“金玉满堂”是一种被国家林业和草原局授权的植物新品种。它属于紫金牛属，于2019年9月6日获得《植物新品种权证》。" + "你的了解是正确的。“金玉满堂”是一种被国家林业和草原局授权的植物新品种。它属于紫金牛属，于2019年9月6日获得《植物新品种权证》。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。请问金玉满堂是由谁培育出来的呢？", @@ -48651,7 +48651,7 @@ "history": [ [ "旅人\n花漾年华组合的歌曲。\n中文名\n旅人\n所属专辑\n《花漾年华》\n歌曲时长\n0时04分34秒\n歌曲原唱\n花漾年华\n \n旅人创作由来 \n花漾年华他们从台湾来到内地，远离自己的家乡，奔跑在内地的各个城市，在内地各个城市行走过程中，他们明白了一个叫“北漂”的词汇，他们为所有的“北漂”人创作了单曲《旅人》，他们用这首歌来鼓励所有在外为梦想打拼的人们，不要放弃梦想，只要有梦想就会有希望。\n旅人歌词信息 \n醒来眼睛还有点畏光差点忘记在那间房梦里还有儿时的向往却想不起是那(哪)段时光飞呀飞到了什么地方我的心在彷徨飞呀飞到了什么地方我大声的歌唱我在这个城市里面流浪我在这个城市里面挣扎我在这个城市里面悲伤我在这个城市里面坚强希望于是我们都怀念故乡却没有人能回头望回家的路其实不太长却提不起认输的行囊飞呀飞到了什么地方是否如我所想飞呀飞到了什么地方为何闪着泪光我在这个城市里面流浪我在这个城市里面挣扎我在这个城市里面悲伤我在这个城市里面坚强希望我在这个城市里面流浪我在这个城市里面挣扎手里只有握不住的想象来到这里会不会有天堂我在这个城市里面流浪我在这个城市里面挣扎手里只有握不住的想象来到这里会不会有天堂希望\n\n请问《旅人》是谁演唱的？", - "你好，Human。《旅人》是由花漾年华组合演唱的。" + "《旅人》是由花漾年华组合演唱的。" ], [ "能简要介绍一下这首歌的创作背景吗？", @@ -48678,7 +48678,7 @@ "history": [ [ "千米\n千米，拼音是qiān mǐ，汉语词语，意思是指长度单位，俗称公里，英文用km（kilometer）表示。\n中文名\n千米\n外文名\nkilometer\n俗 称\n公里\n符 号\nkm\n性 质\n长度单位\n拼 音\nqiān mǐ\n \n同义词\n公里一般指千米\n \n千米解释 \n长度单位，等于1000米。亦称“公里”(符号km)\n千米出处 \n1790年5月由法国科学家组成的特别委员会，建议1米的长度定义为通过巴黎的子午线上从地球赤道到北极点的距离的千万分之一。1千米=1000米=10000分米=100000厘米。\n\n你好，请问千米和公里有区别吗？", - "你好，Human！千米和公里实际上是同一个长度单位，它们之间没有区别。千米是一个汉语词语，表示长度单位，相当于1000米。公里是千米的俗称，英文为kilometer，符号为km。" + "千米和公里实际上是同一个长度单位，它们之间没有区别。千米是一个汉语词语，表示长度单位，相当于1000米。公里是千米的俗称，英文为kilometer，符号为km。" ], [ "那请问千米这个单位是怎么来的？", @@ -50384,7 +50384,7 @@ "history": [ [ "化痰平喘片\n化痰平喘片，清热化痰、止咳平喘。用于急、慢性气管炎，肺气肿，咳嗽痰多、胸满气喘。\n药品名称\n化痰平喘片\n药品类型\n处方药\n \n化痰平喘片成份 \n南沙参、地龙、暴马子皮、百部、浮海石、黄芩、盐酸异丙嗪。\n化痰平喘片性状 \n本品为棕褐色的片；味微苦。\n化痰平喘片功能主治 \n清热化痰、止咳平喘。用于急、慢性气管炎，肺气肿，咳嗽痰多、胸满气喘。\n化痰平喘片规格 \n无。\n化痰平喘片用法用量 \n口服，一次4～6片，一日2次。\n化痰平喘片不良反应 \n尚不明确。\n化痰平喘片禁忌 \n1、婴儿、新生儿禁用。2、对盐酸异丙嗪以极其类似药品过敏者禁用。3、对高空作业者、驾驶员、机械操作者，工作时间内禁用。4、哺乳期妇女、孕妇和老年人慎用。\n化痰平喘片注意事项 \n本品是中西药复方制剂，鉴于尚无充分的临床研究数据证实本复方制剂可以减低或消除其中化学药品的不良反应或其他应当注意的事项，故在此罗列与化学药品关联的相关内容，以提示医患在使用本品时以关注。1、本要含有盐酸异丙嗪，盐酸异丙嗪为组织胺‖1受体拮抗剂，常用时日服剂量一般不得超过37.5mg。2、盐酸异丙嗪单独使用时主要不良反应为困倦、思睡、口干，偶有胃肠道刺激症状，高剂量时易发生锥体外系症状；老年人用药多发生头晕、痴呆、精神错乱和低血压；少数患者用药后出现兴奋、失眠、心悸、头痛、耳鸣、视力模糊和排尿困难。过量时可发生运作笨拙，反应迟钝，震颤。药物相互作用：(1)本品可增强抗胆碱药如阿托品的作用。(2)与镇静、催眠药、抗过敏药并用可增加本品对中枢神经系统的抑制作用。(3)与氨基糖苷类抗生素、水杨酸制剂和去甲万古霉素等耳毒性药同用时，耳毒性症状可被掩盖而不易发现。\n化痰平喘片贮藏 \n密封。\n化痰平喘片执行标准 \n中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准中药成方制剂第四册WS3-B-0705-91\n\n你好，我想问一下，化痰平喘片是用来治疗哪些症状的？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，化痰平喘片主要用于治疗急、慢性气管炎，肺气肿，咳嗽痰多、胸满气喘等症状。它具有清热化痰、止咳平喘的功效。" + "根据提供的信息，化痰平喘片主要用于治疗急、慢性气管炎，肺气肿，咳嗽痰多、胸满气喘等症状。它具有清热化痰、止咳平喘的功效。" ], [ "了解了，那化痰平喘片的主要成分有哪些呢？", @@ -50714,7 +50714,7 @@ "history": [ [ "隔扇门\n隔扇门是中国传统建筑中的装饰构件之一，从民居到皇家宫殿都可以看到，是古代建筑中不可或缺的东西。安装于建筑的金柱或檐柱间带格心的门，也称格扇门。作为古代建筑最常用的门扇形式，唐代这种门已经出现，宋代以后大量采用，一般用于民间的装修。整排使用，通常为四扇，六扇和八扇。隔扇主要由隔心，绦环板，裙板三部分组成。\n中文名\n隔扇门\n别 名\n格扇门\n类 型\n装饰构件\n场 合\n建筑中\n \n隔扇门描述 \n格门上部为格心，由花样的棂格拼成，可透光。下部为裙板，不透光，可以有木刻装饰，在要求扩大空间时，隔扇门可以除下。\n隔扇门定义 \n隔扇：凡可以开启或拆卸者可称隔扇门，亦有写格扇的。宋时称格门或格木门。清代用于内檐装修的隔扇又称碧纱橱。\n隔扇门地区 \n中国\n\n请问隔扇门是什么？", - "你好，Human！隔扇门是中国传统建筑中的一种装饰构件，从民居到皇家宫殿都可以看到。安装于建筑的金柱或檐柱间带格心的门，也称格扇门。它最早出现在唐代，并在宋代之后被大量采用，常用于民间装修。隔扇门有整排使用的方式，通常为四扇、六扇或八扇。隔扇主要由隔心、绦环板和裙板三部分组成。" + "隔扇门是中国传统建筑中的一种装饰构件，从民居到皇家宫殿都可以看到。安装于建筑的金柱或檐柱间带格心的门，也称格扇门。它最早出现在唐代，并在宋代之后被大量采用，常用于民间装修。隔扇门有整排使用的方式，通常为四扇、六扇或八扇。隔扇主要由隔心、绦环板和裙板三部分组成。" ], [ "隔扇门有何特点？", @@ -51510,15 +51510,15 @@ { "instruction": "非常感谢你，你为我提供了很详尽的关于吴晓东的信息，对我了解他的工作和成就有很大帮助！", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human。很高兴能帮助到您。如果您还有其他问题或者需要了解其他领域的信息，请随时向我提问。希望您能从这些信息中获得启发和帮助。祝您一切顺利！", + "output": "不客气。很高兴能帮助到您。如果您还有其他问题或者需要了解其他领域的信息，请随时向我提问。希望您能从这些信息中获得启发和帮助。祝您一切顺利！", "history": [ [ "吴晓东四川大学特聘研究员\n吴晓东，男，博士，四川大学特聘研究员，四川大学“双百人才工程”入选者。\n中文名\n吴晓东\n外文名\nXiaodong Wu\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉\n出生地\n河北\n毕业院校\n四川大学\n职 业\n教师\n职 称\n特聘研究员\n学位/学历\n工学博士\n研究方向\n柔性智能传感技术\n \n吴晓东个人经历 \n2014年06月在四川大学高分子科学与工程学院获得学士学位\n。2019年12月在四川大学高分子材料工程国家重点实验室获得博士学位（硕博连读）。于2017年10月至2021年06月在美国加州大学伯克利分校电子与计算机系做访问学者。自2021年08月起在四川大学机械工程学院开展工作\n。\n吴晓东研究方向 \n1.柔性智能传感技术 / 柔性电子技术\n2.柔性可穿戴健康监测 / 疾病诊察与治疗\n3.柔性人工电子皮肤 / 智能假肢 / 机器人触觉\n4.先进仿生智能材料、器件与系统\n吴晓东学术成果 \n迄今为止，在国际主流期刊发表SCI论文30余篇，其中第一作者SCI论文17篇，包括 Science Advances、Advanced Materials、Advanced Functional Materials、Journal of Materials Chemistry A、ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces、Advanced Electronic Materials等。论文总被引2000余次（Google学术），H指数为20，申请美国专利2项。作为项目负责人承担科研项目3项，作为主研人员参与科研项目4项。\n吴晓东学术兼职 \n长期担任 Science Advances、Advanced Functional Materials、ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces等学术期刊的审稿人。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我关于吴晓东的相关信息吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。吴晓东是四川大学的一名特聘研究员，他是四川大学“双百人才工程”的入选者。他毕业于四川大学，分别在2014年获得学士学位和2019年获得博士学位。吴晓东曾于2017年至2021年在美国加州大学伯克利分校电子与计算机系作为访问学者。他的研究方向主要包括柔性智能传感技术、柔性可穿戴健康监测、柔性人工电子皮肤以及先进仿生智能材料和器件。迄今为止，他在国际主流期刊上发表了30余篇SCI论文，并取得了其他一系列学术成就。" + "当然可以。吴晓东是四川大学的一名特聘研究员，他是四川大学“双百人才工程”的入选者。他毕业于四川大学，分别在2014年获得学士学位和2019年获得博士学位。吴晓东曾于2017年至2021年在美国加州大学伯克利分校电子与计算机系作为访问学者。他的研究方向主要包括柔性智能传感技术、柔性可穿戴健康监测、柔性人工电子皮肤以及先进仿生智能材料和器件。迄今为止，他在国际主流期刊上发表了30余篇SCI论文，并取得了其他一系列学术成就。" ], [ "谢谢。他在学术领域发表的那些论文有哪些比较有影响力的？", - "不客气，Human。吴晓东发表了许多有影响力的论文。其中，他以第一作者身份发表了17篇SCI论文，包括 Science Advances、Advanced Materials、Advanced Functional Materials、Journal of Materials Chemistry A、ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces、Advanced Electronic Materials等重要期刊。这些论文为吴晓东积累了2000余次的被引用（Google学术）和20的H指数。" + "不客气。吴晓东发表了许多有影响力的论文。其中，他以第一作者身份发表了17篇SCI论文，包括 Science Advances、Advanced Materials、Advanced Functional Materials、Journal of Materials Chemistry A、ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces、Advanced Electronic Materials等重要期刊。这些论文为吴晓东积累了2000余次的被引用（Google学术）和20的H指数。" ], [ "了解了，那么吴晓东在研究方向上有什么突出贡献？", @@ -51541,7 +51541,7 @@ "history": [ [ "社会考生考生群体\n社会考生是与在校考生、在读考生相对的考生群体。一些公开报名的考试，例如普通高等学校招生全国统一考试、全国硕士研究生入学统一考试等，除了符合条件的在校（在籍）学生可以报名参与之外，其他符合条件的社会各界人士也可以参与，例如在职职工、自由职业者、离退休人员等。这类参考考生称为“社会考生”，包括成考，电教和自考等。\n中文名\n社会考生\n外文名\nSocial candidates\n作 用\n一些公开报名的教育考试\n 社会考生的存在，说明我国教育制度和体制的公平、公开，也说明受教育的权利是人人平等的。随教育发展，考生变多，题目变难，所以社会考生也有了一些沮丧心理，家长应时刻关注．2001年4月3日，国家教育部公布了高考改革新举措，高考取消考生“未婚、年龄不超过25岁”的限制，首次允许25周岁以上的考生报名参加高考。在3个多月以后的2001年高考中，共有16265名大龄考生走进考场，他们占全国报名总数的0.36%，最后有1900多人被录取\n。\n\n你好，请问什么是社会考生？", - "你好，Human。社会考生是指与在校考生、在读考生相对的考生群体。在一些公开报名的考试中，除了在校学生可以报名参加，其他符合条件的社会各界人士也可以参与，例如在职职工、自由职业者、离退休人员等。这类参加考试的考生被称为“社会考生”，他们可能参与成考、电教、自考等不同形式的考试。社会考生的存在体现了我国教育制度和体制的公平、公开，说明受教育的权利是人人平等的。" + "社会考生是指与在校考生、在读考生相对的考生群体。在一些公开报名的考试中，除了在校学生可以报名参加，其他符合条件的社会各界人士也可以参与，例如在职职工、自由职业者、离退休人员等。这类参加考试的考生被称为“社会考生”，他们可能参与成考、电教、自考等不同形式的考试。社会考生的存在体现了我国教育制度和体制的公平、公开，说明受教育的权利是人人平等的。" ], [ "国家教育部对高考的年龄和婚姻状况有过哪些改革？", @@ -51904,7 +51904,7 @@ "history": [ [ "月牙潭公园\n月牙潭公园，位于昆明北市区，是五华区政府投资2.7亿元建设的，于2006年10月开园使用。公园占地十六万平方米，其中水面积五万余平方米，绿化率达百分之七十，是一座以自然风光为主体的现代园林公园。\n中文名\n月牙潭公园\n地理位置\n云南省昆明市北市区龙康路25-29号\n开放时间\n24小时\n门票价格\n免费\n占地面积\n160000 m²\n途径公交\n67路 72路 92路 234路\n附近地铁\n霖雨桥站（地铁2号线）\n \n月牙潭公园公园简介 \n月牙潭公园\n月牙潭公园占地面积 \n公园占地十六万平方米，其中水面积五万余平方米，绿化率达百分之七十，是一座以自然风光为主体的现代园林公园。同时也是云南省首个法制公园\n。\n\n你好，请问月牙潭公园在哪个区域？", - "你好，Human！月牙潭公园位于中国云南省昆明市北市区。具体的地址是龙康路25-29号。如果您有机会去昆明旅游，可以安排时间去参观一下这个美丽的现代园林公园。" + "月牙潭公园位于中国云南省昆明市北市区。具体的地址是龙康路25-29号。如果您有机会去昆明旅游，可以安排时间去参观一下这个美丽的现代园林公园。" ], [ "这个公园是免费的吗？", @@ -51996,7 +51996,7 @@ "history": [ [ "泰山2012纪录片\n此纪录片为世纪遗产系列纪录片中的一部，此纪录片采用3D记录，很好的记录和表达了泰山巍峨，雄伟的特色及一览众山小的气势。\n中文名\n泰山\n外文名\nTaishan / China Inheriting: Mount Tai 3D\n类 型\n纪录片\n制片地区\n中国\n拍摄地点\n中国泰山\n片 长\n69 mins 11 seconds\n对白语言\n普通话 英语\n色 彩\n彩色\n在线播放平台\n爱奇艺\n出品时间\n2012年\n \n泰山纪录片资料 \n◎译　名　泰山 世界遗产系列记录片◎片　名　Taishan / China Inheriting: Mount Tai 3D◎年　代　2012◎国　家　中国◎类　别　纪录片◎语　言　普通话◎字　幕　中文◎文件格式　BD-RMVB◎视频尺寸　1280 x 720◎文件大小　1CD◎片　长　69 mins 11 seconds◎导　演\n泰山简介 \n泰山是中国十大名山之一，享有“天下第一山”之美誉。其多处奇观异景吸引中国历代帝王将相、文人骚客在此封禅祭祀、建庙塑神、刻石题字。数千年精神文化的渗透和人文景观的烘托，使得泰山成为中华民族精神的象征及华夏历史文化的缩影。本片采用先进的3D拍摄技术，立体真实地呈现了气势磅礴的泰山全貌，揭开泰山的神秘面纱……泰山是中国五岳之首，古名岱山，又称岱宗，位于山东省中部，泰安市境内，矗立在鲁中群山间。泰山主峰玉皇顶，海拔1532.7米。泰山是中国第一批国家级风景名胜区之一，又是天然的艺术与历史博物馆。泰山因十八盘，云海，中天门，迎客松，古往今来文人墨客之题词等等景点而闻名于世。\n泰山资料\n\n请问这个泰山2012纪录片的名字是什么？", - "你好，Human！这个纪录片的中文名字叫做“泰山”，外文名为“Taishan / China Inheriting: Mount Tai 3D”。这是一部关于泰山的纪录片。" + "这个纪录片的中文名字叫做“泰山”，外文名为“Taishan / China Inheriting: Mount Tai 3D”。这是一部关于泰山的纪录片。" ], [ "这部纪录片在什么平台上可以观看？", @@ -52585,7 +52585,7 @@ "history": [ [ "方志\n方志，男，1975年出生，中共党员。1999、2002和2005年分别在西安交通大学获得本科、硕士、博士学位。现为南京工业大学电气工程与控制科学学院教授。\n中文名\n方志\n国 籍\n中国\n民 族\n汉\n出生日期\n1975年\n毕业院校\n西安交通大学\n职 称\n教授\n \n方志人物经历 \n1999年毕业于西安交通大学电气工程学院，获电气工程学士学位。2002年毕业于西安交通大学电气工程学院，获电气工程硕士学位。2005年毕业于西安交通大学电气工程学院, 获电气工程博士学位。2005年至今工作于南京工业大学自动化与电气工程学院，现为南京工业大学教授。IEEE会员，中国电机工程学会高电压新技术专委会委员。2008年入选江苏省“青蓝工程”骨干教师培养对象。2007年获南京工业大学“教学育人”先进个人、南京工业大学“工大集团奖教金”。2006年获江苏省本专科优秀毕业设计(论文)指导教师。2011年至2012年获国家留学基金资助在美国A J Drexel Plasma Institute访学1年。学术兼职IEEE会员，IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society、IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society会员，中国电机工程学会会员，中国电机工程学会高电压新技术专委会委员。\n方志研究方向 \n近年来一直从事高电压绝缘、高电压测量技术、以及气体放电等离子体应用技术等方面的研究工作。在高压电气设备的绝缘特性研究、高压测量信号光电传输系统、高压气体放电等离子体的产生、诊断、计算机仿真及用其应用等方面，取得了一些进展，也积累了丰富的经验。\n方志主要贡献 \n方志研究项目\n主持和参加国家自然科学基金项目2项。近几年来，共主持国家、省部级科研项目12项，包括国家自然科学基金2项，江苏省自然科学基金1项，国家重点实验室开放课题3项，参与了国家自然科学基金和江苏省科技支撑计划等相关课题的研究工作10项，主持横向科研项目5项，参编专著3部，申请发明专利2项。在国内外重要学术期刊上共发表论文80余篇，其中SCI收录20余篇，EI收录30余篇。担任20多国内外期刊的审稿人以及国家自然科学金、美国自然科学基金和捷克自然科学基金等评审人。\n方志科研项目\n\n请问方志教授是哪所大学的教授？", - "你好，Human！方志教授目前是南京工业大学电气工程与控制科学学院的教授。这所大学位于中国的南京市，提供了广泛的学术课程和研究领域。希望这个回答能帮助你了解方志教授的工作单位。" + "方志教授目前是南京工业大学电气工程与控制科学学院的教授。这所大学位于中国的南京市，提供了广泛的学术课程和研究领域。希望这个回答能帮助你了解方志教授的工作单位。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。方志教授的学术兼职都有哪些？", @@ -52835,7 +52835,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马关县\n马关县，云南省文山壮族苗族自治州辖县，是一个集边疆、民族、山区为一体的县份。民国二年（1913年）时，因与贵州安平县同名，故改名。马关县地处云南省东南部，东与麻栗坡县相连，并与西畴县隔盘龙河相望，南与越南的老街、河江两省的箐门、新马街、黄树皮、猛康四县接壤，西南与红河哈尼族彝族自治州的河口、屏边两县毗邻，北与文山市交界。全县国土面积2676平方公里，辖4乡9镇125个村委会（社区）和1个农场管理区。\n根据第七次人口普查数据，截至2020年11月1日零时，马关县常住人口为318704人。\n2018年9月25日，获得商务部“2018年电子商务进农村综合示范县”荣誉称号。\n2020年5月17日，正式退出贫困县序列。\n2021年8月，入选国家级乡村振兴重点帮扶县。\n2020年，马关县实现地区生产总值1222052万元，同比增长5.0%，高于全省（4.0%）1个百分点、低于全州（5.4%）0.4个百分点。其中，一、二、三产业增加值分别为276005万元、425640万元、520407万元，同比分别增长5.1%、7.5%、2.3%。按常住人口计算，全年人均生产总值32000元，同比增加2645元，增长4.7%。\n中文名\n马关县\n外文名\nMaguan County\n行政区类别\n县\n所属地区\n云南省文山州\n地理位置\n云南省东南部\n面 积\n2676 km²\n下辖地区\n马白、坡脚、八寨等9镇4乡\n政府驻地\n骏城路2号\n电话区号\n0876（+86）\n邮政区码\n663700\n气候条件\n亚热带东部型季风气候\n机 场\n文山砚山机场\n车牌代码\n云H\n地区生产总值\n1222052 万元(2020年)\n方 言\n西南官话\n行政代码\n532625\n人 口\n318704人(2020年11月1日零时常住人口)\n \n马关县历史沿革 \n马关县境，旧石器时代就有古人类在此生息。西汉元鼎六年（公元前111年），马关属益州牂牁郡进桑县；东汉时改属进乘县。三国蜀汉建兴三年（公元225年）3月，属兴古郡进乘县。西晋永嘉四年（310年），属宁州梁水郡新丰县。北周时，属西爨（白蛮）地。隋代属昆州。\n唐初属南宁州都督府郎州地；南诏时属通海都督僚子部。宋代大理国前期，属通海都督矣部，后期属最宁镇矣尼迦部。元朝至元八年（1271年），属南路总管府阿僰万户舍资千户；至元十三年属临安路矣尼迦部。明代先属八寨长官司，直隶云南布政使司，后属临安府阿迷州教化三部长官司。\n\n你好，请问马关县位于哪个省份？", - "你好，Human！马关县位于中国云南省文山壮族苗族自治州。它是一个集边疆、民族、山区为一体的县份。" + "马关县位于中国云南省文山壮族苗族自治州。它是一个集边疆、民族、山区为一体的县份。" ], [ "那它的地理位置具体在哪里呢？", @@ -53368,7 +53368,7 @@ { "instruction": "工业设计中国普通高等学校本科专业\n工业设计专业是一门普通高等学校本科专业，属机械类专业，基本修业年限为四年，授予工学学士学位。1993年，工业设计专业正式出现于《普通高等学校本科专业目录》中\n。工业设计专业是技术和艺术、科技和人文等多学科的相互融合，是与企业的产品开发、生产制造紧密联系的交叉学科，在国家经济建设中占有重要地位。发展方向以设计的技术实现为主，旨在培养思路开阔、基础扎实、适应性强，既掌握现代技术，又具有人文艺术素养，既掌握现代工业设计理论知识和创新方法，又熟悉市场经济规律的复合型设计人才\n。\n中文名\n工业设计\n外文名\nIndustrial Design\n专业代码\n080205\n专业层次\n本科\n学科门类\n工学\n专业类别\n机械类\n修业年限\n四年\n授予学位\n工学学士\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n工业设计发展历程 \n1993年，《普通高等学校本科专业目录新旧专业对照表》中工业设计（080316）由工业造型设计（工科试06）和工业造型设计（社科1218）合并而来\n。1998年，《普通高等学校本科专业目录新旧专业对照表》中工业设计专业代码由080316调整为080303\n。2012年，《普通高等学校本科专业目录新旧专业对照表》中工业设计专业代码由080303调整为080205\n。2020年2月，在教育部发布的《普通高等学校本科专业目录（2020年版）》中，工业设计专业隶属于工学、机械类（0802），专业代码：080205\n。\n工业设计培养目标 \n工业设计专业培养德、智、体、美全面发展，具有一定的文化素养和良好的社会责任感，掌握必备的自然科学基础理论和专业知识，具备良好的学习能力、实践能力、专业能力和创新意识，毕业后能从事专业领域和相关交叉领域内的设计制造、技术开发、工程应用、生产管理、技术服务等工作的高素质专门人才\n。\n工业设计培养规格\n\n请问工业设计专业的发展历程有哪些重要节点？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，工业设计专业的发展历程有以下几个重要节点：\n1. 1993年：工业设计专业正式出现在《普通高等学校本科专业目录》中，由工业造型设计（工科试06）和工业造型设计（社科1218）合并而来，专业代码为080316。\n2. 1998年：工业设计专业的代码由080316调整为080303。\n3. 2012年：工业设计专业的代码再次调整，由080303变为080205。\n4. 2020年2月：在教育部发布的《普通高等学校本科专业目录（2020年版）》中，工业设计专业隶属于工学、机械类（0802），专业代码为080205。\n\n这些节点展示了工业设计专业在普通高等学校本科专业目录中的演变和调整。每次调整都与专业的发展和国家政策有关。希望这些信息能帮助你了解工业设计专业的发展历程。", + "output": "根据提供的信息，工业设计专业的发展历程有以下几个重要节点：\n1. 1993年：工业设计专业正式出现在《普通高等学校本科专业目录》中，由工业造型设计（工科试06）和工业造型设计（社科1218）合并而来，专业代码为080316。\n2. 1998年：工业设计专业的代码由080316调整为080303。\n3. 2012年：工业设计专业的代码再次调整，由080303变为080205。\n4. 2020年2月：在教育部发布的《普通高等学校本科专业目录（2020年版）》中，工业设计专业隶属于工学、机械类（0802），专业代码为080205。\n\n这些节点展示了工业设计专业在普通高等学校本科专业目录中的演变和调整。每次调整都与专业的发展和国家政策有关。希望这些信息能帮助你了解工业设计专业的发展历程。", "history": [] }, { @@ -53529,7 +53529,7 @@ "history": [ [ "糯米团子\n糯米团子，别名毛团子，是江南地区小吃，以糯米、猪肉末、鸡蛋、生姜、花椒粉、盐、鸡精等制作而成，美味并且具有养胃的功效，其储藏方法为冷藏待干后水泡。糯米团子依据各地习俗不同，其制作的原料和形态也有所差异。\n中文名\n安徽繁昌糯米团子\n别 名\n毛团子\n主要原料\n糯米，粽叶\n是否含防腐剂\n否\n主要食用功效\n养胃，抗癌、美味\n适宜人群\n皆适用\n储藏方法\n冷藏待干后水泡\n \n糯米团子所需材料 \n糯米、猪肉末、鸡蛋、生姜、花椒粉、盐、鸡精\n糯米团子制作过程 \n1、糯米1000克洗净，用清水泡2小时左右。\n2、猪肉末300克，鸡蛋三只，生姜、花椒粉、盐、鸡精等适量。3、蒸锅里铺上专用湿纱布，把泡好的糯米捞出平铺在纱布上，并用筷子扎几个孔，大火蒸二十至三十分钟，若想吃软点，就在蒸的过程中撒几次水。4、糯米蒸好的，倒入盆里，稍凉，放入肉末，鸡蛋，花椒粉，盐，鸡精，姜末拌匀后尝好咸淡……5、再把糯米团成一个个团子……6、团好后再一个个放入蒸锅，大火再蒸二十分钟……7、大功告成，糯米团子做好了。\n糯米团子制作方法 \n1.在糯米粉中加入豆腐，用刮刀翻压2.形成雪花状（豆腐分次加入，不要一次加太多，止面团太软）3.揉成糯米面团，稍硬点那种4.把面团分成三等分，取一份加入适量绿茶粉，再团均匀5.同样的方法，加入不同的果珍，揉另两份面团6.将三份面团，分别做出大小相等的小团子，直径约2厘米（面会有些粘，手上可沾些淀粉搓小团子，两手都占着，一个人没法拍照，所以略过吧）7.锅中水浇开，放入团子。加盖，煮至沸腾团子都漂在上面即可8.捞出后，用凉水冲掉表面，再串成串，淋上蜂蜜，就OK了\n\n请问糯米团子的主要原料是什么？", - "你好，Human! 糯米团子的主要原料包括糯米、猪肉末、鸡蛋、生姜、花椒粉、盐和鸡精。这些原料搭配在一起制作出美味可口的糯米团子。" + "糯米团子的主要原料包括糯米、猪肉末、鸡蛋、生姜、花椒粉、盐和鸡精。这些原料搭配在一起制作出美味可口的糯米团子。" ], [ "能简要介绍一下糯米团子的制作过程吗？", @@ -53647,7 +53647,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鸡爪\n鸡爪，中药材名。本品为茜草科植物鸡爪的全株。全年可采，切片，晒干。功能主治为：去瘀生新，收敛。治痢疾。捣敷烂疮、跌打肿伤。\n中文名\n鸡爪\n汉语名称\nJi Zhua\n别 名\n鸡捶（《广州植物志》），塘角鱼（《南宁市药物志》）。\n \n鸡爪来源\n本品为茜草科植物鸡爪的全株。全年可采，切片，晒干。\n鸡爪性味归经\n《南宁市药物志》：微苦甘涩。\n鸡爪功能主治\n《南宁市药物志》：去瘀生新，收敛。治痢疾。捣敷烂疮、跌打肿伤。\n鸡爪形态特征\n直立有刺灌木，高2～5米。幼枝常被毛；刺对生，生于叶腋内，粗壮而直，长5～15毫米。单叶对生，矩圆形，有时卵形，长4～10厘米，宽1.8～4厘米，先端短尖或钝，基部浑圆，边全缘，上面秃净，下面被小柔毛或沿脉上有疏粗毛，纸质；具短柄；托叶基部阔，先端锥尖，长3～5毫米，被粗毛。聚伞花序顶生；花萼钟形，长约2.5毫米，被粗毛；花冠白色，高脚碟状，外面秃净，管柔弱，长1.2～2厘米，裂片矩圆形至披针形，长4～8毫米。浆果球形，径约10毫米，秃净，顶有一落萼的环状疤痕。花期秋、冬。\n鸡爪分布区域\n分布广东、广西等地。\n鸡爪生长环境\n生于村边或园旁。\n鸡爪用法用量\n内服：煎汤，3～5钱。外用：捣敷。\n\n你好，请问鸡爪是什么？这里指的是哪个方向的鸡爪？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，这里讨论的是一种草药，而不是我们熟知的鸡肉食品。鸡爪是茜草科植物鸡爪的全株，全年可采，然后将其切片晒干。它的有效成分可以用于治疗多种疾病。" + "根据你提供的信息，这里讨论的是一种草药，而不是我们熟知的鸡肉食品。鸡爪是茜草科植物鸡爪的全株，全年可采，然后将其切片晒干。它的有效成分可以用于治疗多种疾病。" ], [ "鸡爪草药的性味归经是什么？", @@ -54382,7 +54382,7 @@ "history": [ [ "北京师范大学\n中文名\n北京师范大学\n外文名\nBeijing Normal University\n简 称\n北师大、BNU\n创办时间\n1902年\n办学性质\n公办大学\n学校类别\n师范类\n学校特色\n双一流（2017年、2022年）\n985工程\n211工程\n全国重点大学\n2011计划\n展开\n学校特色\n双一流（2017年、2022年）\n985工程\n211工程\n全国重点大学\n2011计划\n珠峰计划\n基础学科招生改革试点\n中国政府奖学金来华留学生接收院校\n收起\n主管部门\n中华人民共和国教育部\n现任领导\n程建平(党委书记)、马骏(校长)\n专职院士数\n8人\n本科专业\n76个\n硕士点\n学位授权一级学科38个\n学位授权二级学科146个\n博士点\n学位授权一级学科31个\n学位授权二级学科114个\n博士后科研流动站28个\n博士后\n科研流动站28个\n国家重点学科\n一级学科5个\n二级学科11个\n院系设置\n3个学部、23个学院、2个系、11个研究院（所）\n校 训\n学为人师、行为世范\n校 歌\n《北京师范大学校歌》\n校庆日\n9月8日\n地 址\n海淀区：北京市海淀区新街口外大街19号\n西城辅仁校区：西城区定阜街1号\n昌平校区：昌平区沙河高教园\n珠海校区：香洲区唐家湾金凤路18号\n院校代码\n10027\n知名校友\n莫言、刘允、袁贵仁、启功、白寿彝、潘粤明、乔诗语、尹昉、阎汶宣、孟伟\n最新新闻\n马骏同志任北京师范大学校长\n2022-05-27 15:00\n日前，中央批准：马骏同志任北京师范大学校长（副部长级）、党委副书记；因年龄原因，董奇同志不再担任北京师范大学校长、党委副书记职务。...详情\n相关新闻\n \n基本信息\n北京师范大学历史沿革 \n北京师范大学清末时期\n北京师范大学的前身为创办于1902年的京师大学堂师范馆。 \n北京师范大学(3张)\n\n请问北京师范大学是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！北京师范大学成立于1902年。它的前身是京师大学堂师范馆。北京师范大学是一所有着悠久历史和丰富教育传统的学府。" + "北京师范大学成立于1902年。它的前身是京师大学堂师范馆。北京师范大学是一所有着悠久历史和丰富教育传统的学府。" ], [ "能给我简要介绍一下北京师范大学的现任领导吗？", @@ -54827,7 +54827,7 @@ "history": [ [ "退役\n退役，读音是tuì yì，汉语词语，意思是正式终止服役。\n中文名\n退役\n拼 音\ntuì yì\n外文名\ndemobilize\n注 音\nㄊㄨㄟˋ ㄧˋ\n词 性\n动词\n \n退役解释 \n正式终止服役。退伍。\n退役出处 \n【清】张岱《西湖梦寻·玛瑙寺》：“森罗殿前免刑戮，恶鬼狰狞齐退役。”《人民日报》1984.2.4：“一批老将相继退役，不少新手推上了第一线。”秦牧《花城·在仙人掌丛生的地方》：“怪不得有些战士退役……却禁不住淌下惜别的泪水了。”郭澄清《大刀记》第二章：“他的崇高形象成了革命队伍里永远不会退役的战士！”《人民日报》1983.11.29：“目前，我们的经济还比较落后，人民的生活也不富裕，许多产品这样过早地退役，而需要它们的人，却又得花钱买新的。这不能不说是一种浪费。”《羊城晚报》1986.8.1：“广州制成钢窗密封胶，桐油灰可以退役了。”\n退役相关资讯 \n2021年11月，颜妮走进辽宁省体育局办理退役手续。\n2021年11月12日，26岁的东京奥运会羽毛球男双亚军李俊慧宣布退役。\n咟喥咟萪\n\n你好，我看到这里有一段关于退役的解释和一些退役的新闻，请问退役这个概念是指什么？", - "你好，Human。退役是一个汉语词语，拼音为tuì yì。退役这个概念是指正式终止服役，退伍。在广义上，退役多用于形容军人或运动员等结束其在某个领域的职业生涯。在这段内容中提及的几个退役相关新闻都是指一些运动员在他们的职业生涯达到一定阶段后，选择正式终止在这个领域的竞技生涯。" + "退役是一个汉语词语，拼音为tuì yì。退役这个概念是指正式终止服役，退伍。在广义上，退役多用于形容军人或运动员等结束其在某个领域的职业生涯。在这段内容中提及的几个退役相关新闻都是指一些运动员在他们的职业生涯达到一定阶段后，选择正式终止在这个领域的竞技生涯。" ], [ "那么退役的人一般是什么原因导致的呢？", @@ -54984,7 +54984,7 @@ "history": [ [ "包谷饭贵州西部人民的主食\n包谷饭：也叫玉米饭。是贵州西部人民的主食之一。\n中文名\n包谷饭\n别 名\n玉米饭\n位 置\n贵州西部\n原 料\n黄色包谷面200克，大米50克。\n \n同义词\n玉米饭（玉米饭）一般指包谷饭\n \n包谷饭食材介绍 \n包谷是玉米的方言，流传在河南省东南地带。陕西南部地区也称玉米为包谷。湖南、云南、贵州、四川一带也大量种植，也称为“包谷” 。在山里的土家人口中，玉米不叫“玉米”，叫“包谷”；土豆不叫“土豆”，叫“洋 芋”；小麦不叫“小麦”，叫“麦子”。这是土家人的三大主粮，包谷排在首位，地位自是不同寻常。民以食为天，包谷是土家人的命根子。\n包谷饭原料 \n黄色包谷面200克，大米50克。\n包谷饭制作方法 \n1.包谷面用清水调湿，能散开，上甑(蒸锅)蒸上汽，大米用水煮至7分熟，滤出米汤留米。 \n包谷饭(2张)\n 2.将包谷饭倒进簸箕内，再洒少量清水，用勺压散，倒进快熟的米饭，一同上甑(蒸锅)再次蒸上汽即可。\n\n请问包谷饭是什么？", - "你好，Human。包谷饭，也叫玉米饭，是贵州西部人民的主食之一。包谷是玉米的方言，广泛流传在河南省东南地带、陕西南部地区以及湖南、云南、贵州、四川等地。包谷饭的主要原料是黄色包谷面和大米，通过先蒸后压散的方式制作而成。" + "包谷饭，也叫玉米饭，是贵州西部人民的主食之一。包谷是玉米的方言，广泛流传在河南省东南地带、陕西南部地区以及湖南、云南、贵州、四川等地。包谷饭的主要原料是黄色包谷面和大米，通过先蒸后压散的方式制作而成。" ], [ "请问包谷饭的具体制作方法是什么？", @@ -55606,7 +55606,7 @@ "history": [ [ "明智小五郎日本推理小说家江户川乱步创造的小说人物\n明智小五郎，是日本推理小说家江户川乱步所创造的一个小说人物，对犯罪学和侦探学的造诣很深。明智小五郎的妻子是文代，培养了徒弟小林芳雄并且组织了少年侦探团，他的主要的对手是怪人二十面相。1925年1月，在《D阪杀人事件》初次登场时，是个大约二十五岁没有固定职业之高等游民。研究心很强，具学者气质。其研究对象是“人性”，因此他对犯罪学和侦探学的造诣很深。《金田一少年之事件簿》中的人物明智健悟的姓氏来自于明智小五郎。《名侦探柯南》中的人物——毛利小五郎中的小五郎这个名字就来自日本推理小说家江户川乱步笔下的名侦探明智小五郎。\n中文名\n明智小五郎\n外文名\nあけち こごろう\n性 别\n男\n国 籍\n日本\n民 族\n大和\n职 业\n虚拟人物 侦探\n主要成就\n对犯罪学和侦探学的造诣很深。\n代表作品\nD阪杀人事件\n主要对手\n怪人二十面相\n后世美誉\n日本福尔摩斯\n创造作者\n江户川乱步\n妻 子\n文代\n徒 弟\n小林芳雄\n \n明智小五郎角色背景 \n明智小五郎为江户川乱步笔下的名侦探，1925年1月，在《D阪杀人事件》初次登场时，是个大约二十五岁的心思缜密的神探。研究心很强，具学者气质。 其研究对象是“人性”，因此他对犯罪学和侦探学的造诣很深。因这篇短篇获得读者的好评，同年作者继续在短篇《心理试验》、《黑手帮》、《幽灵》、《屋顶里的散步者》等四篇起用为侦探，确立了思考型的天才侦探形象。1926年以后，江户川乱步受杂志社恳请，开始大量作通俗长篇推理小说， 明智小五郎在这些作品里变为具有打斗能力的行动侦探。1926年以后的明智，跟着时间成长，他创立“明智小五郎侦探事务”，有一个美貌聪明的当秘书的少女，后来他与她结婚。而有一个助手小林芳雄，小林是乱步的少年推理小说《少年侦探团》系列的少年侦探。战后，江户川乱步专心于推理文学的研究，很少创作，1955年发表解谜长篇《化人幻戏》时，明智小五郎已五十岁，不再如从前去打斗，回复初期的心理分析法去解谜了。\n明智小五郎角色经历\n\n你好，请问明智小五郎是哪位作家创造的小说人物？", - "你好，Human。明智小五郎是日本推理小说家江户川乱步所创造的一个小说人物。他是一个天才侦探，对犯罪学和侦探学有着很深的造诣。江户川乱步是一位著名的日本推理小说家，以其独特的写作风格和离奇的作品而著称。" + "明智小五郎是日本推理小说家江户川乱步所创造的一个小说人物。他是一个天才侦探，对犯罪学和侦探学有着很深的造诣。江户川乱步是一位著名的日本推理小说家，以其独特的写作风格和离奇的作品而著称。" ], [ "明智小五郎的妻子和徒弟分别叫什么名字？", @@ -55855,7 +55855,7 @@ "history": [ [ "家乡\n《家乡》是由郭仔作词，范海荣演唱的一首歌。\n中文名\n家乡\n作 词\n郭仔\n 家乡演唱：范海荣作词：郭仔作曲：郭仔编曲：小多空晴朗 白云流淌鸟儿自由 歌唱阳光照耀 高高山岗开满火红 梦想风轻轻吹 十里稻花香一条大路 长长河水弯弯 向着北方流过我家乡琴声悠扬 奶酒飘香长调醉了 时光袅袅炊烟 洁白毡房夕阳下草 金黄阿妈怀抱 阿爸的肩膀孩子可爱 脸庞那片土地 遥远北方我心中天堂歌 一路唱 花 都开放天空纯净 我家乡看那雄鹰 在蓝天上展开翅膀歌 一路唱 花 都芬芳辽阔土地 我家乡看那骏马 在草原上一路远方\n\n我有关于一首歌《家乡》的问题，请你帮助我解答。", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答关于《家乡》这首歌的问题，请问你想了解哪方面的信息？" + "很高兴为你解答关于《家乡》这首歌的问题，请问你想了解哪方面的信息？" ], [ "《家乡》这首歌的作曲和作词人是谁？", @@ -56114,7 +56114,7 @@ "history": [ [ "清华大学中国北京市境内公办高校\n中文名\n清华大学\n外文名\nTsinghua University\n简 称\n清华（THU）\n创办时间\n1911年\n办学性质\n公办大学\n学校类别\n综合类\n学校特色\n双一流（2017年、2022年入选）\n211工程（1995年入选）\n985工程（1998年入选）\n基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划（2009年入选）\n高等学校创新能力提升计划（2013年入选）\n展开\n学校特色\n双一流（2017年、2022年入选）\n211工程（1995年入选）\n985工程（1998年入选）\n基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划（2009年入选）\n高等学校创新能力提升计划（2013年入选）\n高等学校学科创新引智计划（2006年入选）\n基础学科招生改革试点（2020年入选）\n全国重点大学（1954年入选）\n中俄综合性大学联盟\n九校联盟（C9）\n收起\n主管部门\n中华人民共和国教育部\n现任领导\n党委书记：邱勇、校长：王希勤\n专职院士数\n中国科学院院士54人\n中国工程院院士38人\n本科专业\n87个\n硕士点\n学术学位授权一级学科64个\n学术学位授权二级学科2个\n博士点\n学术学位授权一级学科57个\n学术学位授权二级学科1个\n博士后\n科研流动站50个\n科研工作站3个\n国家重点学科\n一级学科国家重点学科22个\n二级学科国家重点学科（单独）15个\n院系设置\n21个学院、59个系\n校 训\n自强不息，厚德载物\n校 歌\n《清华大学校歌》\n校庆日\n每年4月最后一个星期日\n地 址\n主校区：北京市海淀区双清路30号\n院校代码\n10003\n主要奖项\n国家级科技三大奖共571项（截至2018年底）\n国家级教学成果奖共126项（截至2018年底）\n全国优秀博士论文115篇（截至2018年底）\n知名校友\n习近平、胡锦涛、朱镕基、杨振宁、邓稼先、吴邦国、张朝阳、孙立人\n占地面积\n442.12 公顷\n校园特色\n清华大学：神奇校园在这里！\n2022-04-08 10:40\n“清华园”之下，见证了无数昔人的依依告别，无数新人的欢欣而至。在这欣欣向荣的春季，想与你一起携手，坐看紫荆花开，见证这自行车上疾驰的青春。...详情\n相关新闻\n内容来自\n \n基本信息\n清华大学清华史苑 \n清华大学前身史略\n一、清华学堂 \n清华学堂(2张)\n\n请问清华大学是哪一年创办的？", - "你好，Human！清华大学创办于1911年。" + "清华大学创办于1911年。" ], [ "清华大学有哪些主管部门?", @@ -56202,11 +56202,11 @@ { "instruction": "多谢你的回答。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human。我很高兴能帮助您解答问题。如果您有其他问题，请随时向我提问。", + "output": "不客气。我很高兴能帮助您解答问题。如果您有其他问题，请随时向我提问。", "history": [ [ "爱我别走张震岳演唱歌曲\n《爱我别走》是由张震岳作词作曲并演唱的歌曲，该曲收录于张震岳1998年12月1日发行的专辑《秘密基地》中。该曲是《爱我别走》主题曲\n。\n中文名\n爱我别走\n外文名\nLove me don't go\n所属专辑\n秘密基地\n歌曲时长\n4分44秒\n歌曲原唱\n张震岳\n填 词\n张震岳\n谱 曲\n张震岳\n编 曲\n张震岳\n音乐风格\n流行\nR＆B\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n发行时间\n1998-12-01\n制作人\n张震岳\n \n爱我别走歌曲歌词 \n我到了这个时候还是一样夜里的寂寞容易叫人悲伤我不敢想的太多因为我一个人迎面而来的月光拉长身影漫无目的地走在冷冷的街我没有你的消息因为我在想你爱我别走 如果你说 你不爱我不要听见你真的说出口再给我一点温柔爱我别走 如果你说 你不爱我不要听见你真的说出口再给我一点温柔我到了这个时候还是一样夜里的寂寞容易叫人悲伤我不敢想的太多因为我一个人迎面而来的月光拉长身影漫无目的地走在冷冷的街 \n《爱我别走》MV开头节选(2张)\n 我没有你的消息因为我在想你爱我别走 如果你说 你不爱我不要听见你真的说出口再给我一点温柔爱我别走 如果你说 你不爱我不要听见你真的说出口再给我一点温柔爱我别走 如果你说 你不爱我不要听见你真的说出口再给我一点温柔爱我别走 如果你说 你不爱我不要听见你真的说出口再给我一点温柔\n爱我别走创作背景\n\n请问《爱我别走》是谁的歌曲？", - "你好，Human！歌曲《爱我别走》是由张震岳创作并演唱的。他负责了这首歌曲的词、曲、编曲和制作。这首歌收录在1998年12月1日发行的专辑《秘密基地》中。" + "歌曲《爱我别走》是由张震岳创作并演唱的。他负责了这首歌曲的词、曲、编曲和制作。这首歌收录在1998年12月1日发行的专辑《秘密基地》中。" ], [ "这首歌曲的音乐风格是什么？", @@ -56773,7 +56773,7 @@ "history": [ [ "美女如云\n《美女如云》是连载于百度小说的一部都市类网络小说，作者是君十四。\n中文名\n美女如云\n作 者\n君十四\n类 型\n都市\n连载平台\n百度小说\n \n美女如云作品简介 \n异世界强者附身一普通大学生、掀开如戏一般的人生女人、事业、地位有钱、有权、还有得闲不一样的都市之风、由他来开辟新的未来、无尽YY……\n美女如云作品目录 \n第001章 最佳男主角第002章 美人从天降第003章 明明是超帅第004章 升华的激情第005章 他喜欢我吗第006章 神器专卖店第007章 我不穿内裤第008章 大姨妈来了第009章 借七度空间第010章 好的全都上第011章 坏坏惹人爱第012章 咒你没高潮第013章 我们走着瞧第014章 诡异的身体第015章 郁闷的偷食第016章 偷食很郁闷第017章 一千块一看第018章 独龙四角街第019章 注定不眠夜第020章 独闯龙虎穴第021章 你们一起上第022章 阴三笑的笑……\n\n请问《美女如云》这部小说的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human。《美女如云》的作者是君十四。" + "《美女如云》的作者是君十四。" ], [ "这部小说是属于哪个类型的？", @@ -57030,7 +57030,7 @@ "history": [ [ "十字弩\n手游《和平精英》中的武器,使用弩箭,可装备箭袋,全息瞄准镜,红点瞄准镜,2倍镜,3倍镜,4倍镜,6倍镜,命中头部可一击致命,且没有任何开火声音,但子弹下坠严重,远距离难以掌握\n中文名\n十字弩\n外文名\ncrossbow\n别 名\n弩\n使用子弹\n弩箭\n弹匣容量\n1发\n伤 害\n105\n换弹速度\n3秒\n \n十字弩优点: \n完全消音,伤害很高,可以作为中远距离作战的武器.能一发打爆三级头，无视头盔。自带红点瞄准镜。\n十字弩缺点: \n装弹时间长（需要3秒）,一次只能换一支箭,弩箭子弹速度慢造成命中率低，子弹较稀有。\n十字弩伤害 \n命中头部伤害对比一级头二级头三级头183.75（一枪）157.5（一枪）118.125（一枪）命中身体伤害对比一级甲二级甲三级甲73.5（两枪）63（两枪）47.45（三枪）\n\n请问《和平精英》中的十字弩是什么样的武器？", - "你好，Human！《和平精英》中的十字弩是一种使用弩箭作为子弹的武器。它拥有完全消音的特点，伤害较高，适用于中远距离作战。它可以装备箭袋、全息瞄准镜、红点瞄准镜、2倍镜、3倍镜、4倍镜和6倍镜。当命中敌人头部时，可一击致命。值得注意的是，它没有开火声音，但弩箭下坠严重，使远距离命中变得较为困难。" + "《和平精英》中的十字弩是一种使用弩箭作为子弹的武器。它拥有完全消音的特点，伤害较高，适用于中远距离作战。它可以装备箭袋、全息瞄准镜、红点瞄准镜、2倍镜、3倍镜、4倍镜和6倍镜。当命中敌人头部时，可一击致命。值得注意的是，它没有开火声音，但弩箭下坠严重，使远距离命中变得较为困难。" ], [ "十字弩的优缺点分别是什么？", @@ -57068,7 +57068,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哈尔滨市教育局黑龙江省哈尔滨市政府工作部门\n哈尔滨市教育局是哈尔滨市人民政府下设职能部门。\n中文名\n哈尔滨市教育局\n外文名\nHarbin education bureau\n办公地址\n哈尔滨市上游街69号\n性 质\n政府机构\n现任领导\n何泉\n \n同义词\n哈尔滨教育局（哈尔滨教育局）一般指哈尔滨市教育局\n \n哈尔滨市教育局机构职责\n\n请问哈尔滨市教育局是属于哪个级别的政府机构？", - "你好，Human！哈尔滨市教育局是属于哈尔滨市人民政府下设的职能部门，是市级政府机构。它主要负责哈尔滨市内的教育事务。" + "哈尔滨市教育局是属于哈尔滨市人民政府下设的职能部门，是市级政府机构。它主要负责哈尔滨市内的教育事务。" ], [ "那请问他们的办公地址在哪里？", @@ -57309,7 +57309,7 @@ "history": [ [ "香肠\n香肠是一种利用了非常古老的食物生产和肉食保存技术的食物，将动物的肉绞碎成条状，再灌入肠衣制成的长圆柱体管状食品。香肠以猪或羊的小肠衣（也有用大肠衣的）灌入调好味的肉料干制而成。中国的香肠有着悠久的历史，香肠的类型也有很多，主要分为川味儿香肠和广味儿香肠。主要的不同处就在于广味儿是甜的，川味儿是辣的。在以前香肠是每年过年前制作的食品，而现在一年中的任何时候都可以吃到香肠了。但是过年吃自制的香肠已经成为了南方很多地区的习俗，一直保留到了今天。世界上最长的香肠是2008年12月27日，在罗马尼亚首都布加勒斯特，厨师用70公斤肉、蒜等配料制成一根392米长的香肠，从而打破世界记录。\n中文名\n香肠\n外文名\nsausage\n别 名\n火腿\n主要原料\n瘦肉\n是否含防腐剂\n否\n主要营养成分\n蛋白质，脂肪，碳水化合物\n主要食用功效\n开胃助食，增进食欲\n适宜人群\n一般人群\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n四川美食\nTA说\n一大根排骨做成的麻辣香肠顶配川味\n2022-04-02 14:26\n香肠肥瘦相间、麻辣诱人，排骨肠奢华过瘾、颇为“豪横”，腊肉则用五花肉制成，切成透明晶莹薄片，最为下饭。...详情\n相关新闻\n内容来自\n中国到底哪里的“肠”最好吃\n2021-10-11 14:59\n香肠，在人们想让食物储存更久的朴素愿望下诞生，搅碎后的肉调味，灌进肠衣中，在风干的力量下，让食物的生命延续更久。...详情\n相关新闻\n内容来自\n \n香肠分类 \n香肠贵州麻辣香肠\n \n香肠(2张)\n 贵州麻辣香肠，用柏枝、果木烟熏，严格控制各个阶段工艺指标瘦肉/肥肉比为6/4，用猪的前夹肉制作，配料考究、熏烤温湿度严格控制，吃起来有一种浓郁独特香味，麻辣突出的独特，让人回味无穷，是平时生活及节日的佳品。\n香肠四川麻辣香肠\n猪肉：五公斤、洗净后切成大拇指大小、备用。 \n食材 香肠 实拍(3张)\n\n你好啊！关于香肠，能告诉我它的起源和主要种类吗？", - "你好，Human！香肠是一种利用古老的食物生产和肉食保存技术制作的食物。将动物肉绞碎成条状，再灌入肠衣制成的长圆柱体管状食品。香肠在中国有着悠久的历史，主要种类有川味香肠和广味香肠。川味香肠辣味显著，而广味香肠带有甜味。过去，香肠主要在过年前制作，现在一年四季都可以吃到香肠，但在南方地区，过年吃自制香肠仍是一项习俗。" + "香肠是一种利用古老的食物生产和肉食保存技术制作的食物。将动物肉绞碎成条状，再灌入肠衣制成的长圆柱体管状食品。香肠在中国有着悠久的历史，主要种类有川味香肠和广味香肠。川味香肠辣味显著，而广味香肠带有甜味。过去，香肠主要在过年前制作，现在一年四季都可以吃到香肠，但在南方地区，过年吃自制香肠仍是一项习俗。" ], [ "哇，听起来很有趣。世界最长的香肠是多长的呢？", @@ -57945,7 +57945,7 @@ "history": [ [ "丝瓜鸡蛋\n丝瓜鸡蛋是一道菜品，制作原料主要有丝瓜、鸡蛋等，口味鲜美，营养丰富。\n中文名\n丝瓜鸡蛋\n外文名\nSponge gourd eggs\n分 类\n家常菜\n口 味\n咸香\n主要食材\n丝瓜，鸡蛋，盐\n配 料\n大葱\n调 料\n盐\n \n同义词\n鸡蛋丝瓜一般指丝瓜鸡蛋\n \n丝瓜鸡蛋原料： \n \n丝瓜(16张)\n 丝瓜1根、鸡蛋2个、大葱少许、盐适量。\n丝瓜鸡蛋步骤： \n1、丝瓜切斜片，鸡蛋打散，大葱切片备用；2、坐锅，热油，放入鸡蛋炒熟，盛出备用；3、坐锅，热油，放入大葱炝锅，放入丝瓜片，炒至丝瓜透明，放入鸡蛋炒匀，放盐，出锅。\n\n我想了解一下丝瓜鸡蛋这道菜的制作方法和所需食材。", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答。丝瓜鸡蛋是一道家常菜，口味咸香，营养丰富。制作原料主要有丝瓜、鸡蛋等。具体的原料和做法如下：\n\n原料：丝瓜1根、鸡蛋2个、大葱少许、盐适量。\n\n步骤：\n1. 丝瓜切斜片，鸡蛋打散，大葱切片备用。\n2. 坐锅，热油，放入鸡蛋炒熟，盛出备用。\n3. 坐锅，热油，放入大葱炝锅，放入丝瓜片，炒至丝瓜透明。\n4. 放入鸡蛋炒匀，放盐，出锅。\n\n这样一道美味的丝瓜鸡蛋就制作完成啦！祝你做得成功！" + "很高兴为你解答。丝瓜鸡蛋是一道家常菜，口味咸香，营养丰富。制作原料主要有丝瓜、鸡蛋等。具体的原料和做法如下：\n\n原料：丝瓜1根、鸡蛋2个、大葱少许、盐适量。\n\n步骤：\n1. 丝瓜切斜片，鸡蛋打散，大葱切片备用。\n2. 坐锅，热油，放入鸡蛋炒熟，盛出备用。\n3. 坐锅，热油，放入大葱炝锅，放入丝瓜片，炒至丝瓜透明。\n4. 放入鸡蛋炒匀，放盐，出锅。\n\n这样一道美味的丝瓜鸡蛋就制作完成啦！祝你做得成功！" ], [ "谢谢你的解答！关于丝瓜鸡蛋这道菜，有什么吃法上的讲究么？", @@ -58547,7 +58547,7 @@ "history": [ [ "房地产开发商以房地产开发经营为主体的企业\n房地产开发商，是以房地产开发经营为主体的企业，通过实施开发过程而获得利润。\n中文名\n房地产开发商\n外文名\nReal estate developers\n相关规定\n《房地产开发企业资质管理规定》\n资质条件\n取得五证\n \n房地产开发商经营资质 \n《房地产开发企业资质管理规定》，城市房地产开发企业应当申请核定企业资质等级并持有建筑主管部门颁发的《房地产开发企业资质等级证书》。《房地产开发企业资质管理规定》中将房地产开发企业的资质划分为五个等级，其中一、二、三、四级企业能从事城市房地产开发业务，五级企业只能在本地区从事村镇房地产开发经营。审查开发商的资格不仅要从形式上看其有关证件是否齐全，还应从实质上去审查开发商有无相应的开发资格。为慎重起见，建议购房者尽量选择被评为一级或二级企业的房地产开发商。房地产商在预售商品房时应具备《建设用地规划许可证》、《建设工程规划许可证》、《建筑工程施工许可证》、《国有土地使用证》和《商品房销售（预售）许可证》，简称“五证”。其中前两个证由市规划委员会核发，《建筑工程施工许可证》由市建委核发，《国有土地使用证》和《商品房销售（预售）许可证》由市国土资源和房屋管理局核发。一般购房者记不住“五证”的名称和发证机关，其实也不必记住这么多。您购房时只需看一下 《国有土地使用证》和《预售许可证》这“两证”就行了。因为一般情况下如果开发商未取得《建设用地规划许可证》和《建设工程规划许可证》是拿不到《国有土地使用证》的，但挂牌出让的土地是先取得《国有土地使用证》的。未取得上述两个《规划许可证》和《施工许可证》是拿不到《预售许可证》的。\n房地产开发商市场规划\n\n请问什么是房地产开发商？", - "你好，Human。房地产开发商是以房地产开发经营为主体的企业，通过实施开发过程而获得利润。它们的任务是筹划、建设、销售房地产项目。房地产开发商需要遵守相关规定，如《房地产开发企业资质管理规定》，并取得一定级别的资质证书以合法开展业务。" + "房地产开发商是以房地产开发经营为主体的企业，通过实施开发过程而获得利润。它们的任务是筹划、建设、销售房地产项目。房地产开发商需要遵守相关规定，如《房地产开发企业资质管理规定》，并取得一定级别的资质证书以合法开展业务。" ], [ "房地产开发企业有哪些资质等级？", @@ -59048,7 +59048,7 @@ "history": [ [ "春节\n春节，即中国农历新年，俗称新春、新岁、岁旦等，口头上又称过年、过大年。春节历史悠久，由上古时代岁首祈岁祭祀演变而来。万物本乎天、人本乎祖，祈岁祭祀、敬天法祖，报本反始也。春节的起源蕴含着深邃的文化内涵，在传承发展中承载了丰厚的历史文化底蕴。在春节期间，全国各地均有举行各种庆贺新春活动，带有浓郁的各地地方特色。这些活动以除旧布新、驱邪攘灾、拜神祭祖、纳福祈年为主要内容，形式丰富多彩，凝聚着中华传统文化精华。\n在早期观象授时时代，依据斗转星移定岁时，“斗柄回寅”为岁首。“斗柄回寅”大地回春，终而复始，万象更新，新的轮回由此开启。在传统的农耕社会，立春岁首具有重要的意义，衍生了大量与之相关的岁首节俗文化。在历史发展中虽然使用历法不同而岁首节庆日期不同，但是其节庆框架以及许多民俗沿承了下来。在现代，人们把春节定于农历正月初一，但一般至少要到正月十五新年才算结束。春节是集拜神祭祖、祈福辟邪、亲朋团圆、欢庆娱乐和饮食为一体的民俗大节。 百节年为首，春节是中华民族最隆重的传统佳节。受到中华文化的影响，世界上一些国家和地区也有庆贺新春的习俗。据不完全统计，已有近20个国家和地区把中国春节定为整体或者所辖部分城市的法定节假日。春节与清明节、端午节、中秋节并称为中国四大传统节日。春节民俗经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。\n中文名\n春节\n外文名\nSpring Festival\nChinese New Year\n别 名\n新春、岁节、年节、新禧、新年、大年\n节日时间\n农历正月初一\n节日类型\n中国四大传统节日之一\n流行地区\n中国，东亚、东南亚等华人华侨聚集地\n节日起源\n岁首祈年祭祀\n节日活动\n贴年红、守岁、拜年、祭祀、舞狮\n节日饮食\n茶果点心、年糕、饺子、春卷、汤圆\n节日意义\n传承与弘扬传统文化\n设定地点\n中国\n设定时间\n上古时代\n非遗保护单位\n文化和旅游部\n \n同义词\n农历新年一般指春节（中国四大传统节日之一）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n春节节日起源\n\n请问春节是什么时候？", - "你好，Human。春节是农历正月初一，也就是中国农历新年。它是中国最重要、最隆重的传统佳节。虽然春节的具体日期每年都有所不同，但一般都在公历的1月或2月之间。春节通常从正月初一开始，持续到正月十五元宵节结束。" + "春节是农历正月初一，也就是中国农历新年。它是中国最重要、最隆重的传统佳节。虽然春节的具体日期每年都有所不同，但一般都在公历的1月或2月之间。春节通常从正月初一开始，持续到正月十五元宵节结束。" ], [ "春节是如何起源的？", @@ -59304,7 +59304,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡带\n《卡带》是由卢凯彤作词、作曲并演唱的一首国语歌曲，收录于专辑《你的完美有点难懂并不代表世界不能包容》中，发行于2016年10月14日。\n中文名\n卡带\n外文名\nOutside\n所属专辑\n你的完美有点难懂并不代表世界不能包容\n歌曲时长\n0时04分43秒\n歌曲原唱\n卢凯彤\n填 词\n卢凯彤\n谱 曲\n卢凯彤\n编 曲\n蔡德才@人山人海\n音乐风格\n流行\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n发行时间\n2016年10月14日\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n卡带歌曲信息 \n作词：卢凯彤作曲：卢凯彤编曲：蔡德才@人山人海监制：蔡德才@人山人海/卢凯彤键盘/电脑程序：蔡德才@人山人海\n卡带歌曲歌词 \n什么是好？ 什么是坏？天会知道忙完以后的未来我放下背囊 一直等待 错的爱回来猫咪在叫 我回过神来 （我抱它入怀）再来一杯咖啡冲掉嘴里的失败坐在家里 我可以安心的发呆揉揉眼睛又重来外面的世界要我加快要像那季候鸟 跟着飞不能掉一拍我却卡在机器里一直倒带要明白或许一天 你会再感觉我存在或许一天 你再离开或许一天 我会看明白这也是爱 这也是爱或许一天 或许我会看明白这也是爱\n\n请问《卡带》这首歌是什么时候发行的？", - "你好，Human。《卡带》这首歌曲发行于2016年10月14日。请问还有其他问题我可以帮助您解答吗？" + "《卡带》这首歌曲发行于2016年10月14日。请问还有其他问题我可以帮助您解答吗？" ], [ "谢谢回答！这首歌是谁作词、作曲并演唱的？", @@ -61338,7 +61338,7 @@ "history": [ [ "韩国爱敬\n爱敬AEKYUNG，韩国的第一日化品牌。韩国爱敬集团，创始于1950年，是一家信念十足的企业，在经过50余年的发展后，成为韩国最大的日化上市公司，是韩国国家级优秀企业，网络遍布全球，拥有23家分公司，200多种产品。\n公司名称\n爱敬\n外文名\nAEKYUNG\n成立时间\n1950年\n总部地点\n韩国\n \n韩国爱敬品牌介绍 \n韩国爱敬集团，创始于1950年，是一家信念十足的企业，韩国最大的日化上市公司，是韩国国家级优秀企业，网络遍布全球，拥有23家分公司，200多种产品。是一家综合性跨国企业，产业横跨日化、商业、娱乐、涂料、化工、包装、印刷等多个领域。在中国设有爱敬洗化代理商－威海方正国际有限公司从生活用品到基础化学，从流通到休闲娱乐产业，爱敬在所有领域中都拥有深受顾客爱戴的第一品牌。爱敬洗化清洁用品在韩国家喻户晓，产品涵盖“KeraSys”（克拉洗丝）系列个人洗护产品、“2080”系列口腔护理产品、衣物清洁产品、餐具清洁产品等，在韩国赢得极佳口碑，荣获韩国消费者推选“最佳品牌”，成为韩国第一洗化品牌。爱敬集团旗下的“B&F”系列化妆品是享誉多年的韩国著名品牌，自2001年进入中国市场以来，深受中国消费者的喜爱和认可。生产塑料制品和化妆品的ATECH，产品供应国内并出口海外市场，在包装领域有着很高的声誉。爱敬PNT生产纸箱，软包装材料，分色印刷产品，被评价为韩国最先进的包装材料生产企业。同时，爱敬集团还下设有爱敬油化、爱敬化学、爱敬PNC、爱敬精密化学、爱敬素材公司、KOSPA公司、爱敬百货店、AK免税店、ARD HOLDINGS,INC.（房地产开发）、AK NETWORK,INC. 爱敬开发（高尔夫俱乐部）、AK度假村、韩国第三大航空公司济州航空、爱敬综合技术研究院、爱敬福祉财团等。爱敬集团在中国设有爱敬香港有限公司，爱敬佛山涂料有限公司，爱敬化学青岛有限公司，爱敬化学上海代表处和爱敬洗化中国代理商－威海方正国际有限公司。50年来与顾客共同成长的生活企业爱敬，正在以崭新的技术和模式发展成为向用户提供最优秀的产品和服务的全新的生活文化企业。\n韩国爱敬洗化用品 \n清洁便利的生活，健康美丽的生活，是爱敬50年来追求的精神，也是今后要与顾客遵守的承诺。生活用品集化妆品专业企业——爱敬集团是用领先的技术，领先的思考，领先的经营来不断提高顾客的人生价值的生活设计企业。生活设计师——爱敬。\n韩国爱敬清洁的生活\n\n你好，请告诉我一些关于韩国爱敬品牌的基本信息。", - "你好，Human！韩国爱敬（Aekyung）成立于1950年，是韩国最大的日化上市公司，也是一家国家级优秀企业。它在全球范围内设有23家分公司，并拥有200多种产品。它的产业涵盖了日化、商业、娱乐、涂料、化工、包装、印刷等多个领域。爱敬的外文名为AEKYUNG，总部位于韩国。" + "韩国爱敬（Aekyung）成立于1950年，是韩国最大的日化上市公司，也是一家国家级优秀企业。它在全球范围内设有23家分公司，并拥有200多种产品。它的产业涵盖了日化、商业、娱乐、涂料、化工、包装、印刷等多个领域。爱敬的外文名为AEKYUNG，总部位于韩国。" ], [ "在中国，韩国爱敬有哪些子公司或代理商呢？", @@ -61761,7 +61761,7 @@ "history": [ [ "产品设计师\n一个创造性的综合信息处理过程，通过线条、符号、数字、色彩等把产品显现人们面前。它将人的某种目的或需要转换为一个具体的物理形式或工具的过程，把一种计划、规划设想、问题解决的方法，通过具体的载体，以美好的形式表达出来。\n中文名\n产品设计师\n外文名\nProduct designers\n负 责\n新产品设计，拟定设计规划和方案的原型设计\n组织产品\n开发团队，协调资源\n \n产品设计师职位描述 \n（1）调查市场并研究需求，形成市场需求文档；（2）负责新产品设计，拟定设计规划和方案；（3）负责新产品的原型设计；（4）组织产品开发团队，协调资源，跟进产品的开发，保证日程进度。（5）分析产品运营数据，收集运营意见，及时调整产品形态，优化产品，并提出合理的运营建议。（6） 以用户体验为中心，改进现有产品，或设计新产品。\n产品设计师职位要求 \n1.有较强的学习能力,能持续快速地接受新知识和新技术；2.有相关互联网产品整体设计经验，熟悉网站构架，熟悉产品开发项目流程；3.较强的文案写作能力以及编辑能力；4.能将创新理念整合于产品中，对用户体验设计有较深层次的认识；5.逻辑思维能力强，具备较强的数据分析能力，具备较强的表达能力；6.优秀的沟通协调能力和团队合作意识；7.具有敏锐的商业和市场意识。8.对产品材料具有一定的了解。\n产品设计师产品设计 \n一个创造性的综合信息处理过程，通过线条、符号、数字、色彩等把产品显现人们面前。它将人的某种目的或需要转换为一个具体的物理形式或工具的过程，把一种计划、规划设想、问题解决的方法，通过具体的载体，以美好的形式表达出来。产品设计反映着一个时代的经济、技术和文化。 产品设计的重要性　由于产品设计阶段要全面确定整个产品策略、外观、结构、功能，从而确定整个生产系统的布局，因而，产品设计的意义重大，具有“牵一发而动全局”的重要意义。如果一个产品的设计缺乏生产观点，那么生产时就将耗费大量费用来调整和更换设备、物料和劳动力。相反，好的产品设计，不仅仅表现在功能上的优越性，而且便于制造，生产成本低，从而使产品的综合竞争力得以增强。许多在市场竞争中占优势的企业都十分注意产品设计的细节，以便设计出造价低而又具有独特功能的产品。许多发达国家的公司都把设计看作热门的战略工具，认为好的设计是赢得顾客的关键。\n\n请问什么是产品设计师？", - "你好，Human。产品设计师是通过创新性的整合信息处理过程，将人的需求或目的转化为具体的物理形式或工具。他们具备市场调查、规划方案、原型设计、组织协调、运营数据分析等方面的能力，以用户体验为中心，负责设计改进现有产品或创新新产品。设计过程中，产品设计师会用线条、符号、数字、色彩等元素来实现具体的设计表达。" + "产品设计师是通过创新性的整合信息处理过程，将人的需求或目的转化为具体的物理形式或工具。他们具备市场调查、规划方案、原型设计、组织协调、运营数据分析等方面的能力，以用户体验为中心，负责设计改进现有产品或创新新产品。设计过程中，产品设计师会用线条、符号、数字、色彩等元素来实现具体的设计表达。" ], [ "产品设计师的主要职责是什么？", @@ -62070,7 +62070,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瑜伽之路\n《瑜伽之路》是2006年2月1日浙江大学出版社出版的图书，作者是（英）韩德 。本书主要介绍了瑜伽锻炼身体，调整体型的方法。\n书 名\n瑜伽之路\n作 者\n（英）韩德\n译 者\n王志成 等\n出版社\n浙江大学出版社\n出版时间\n2006年2月1日\n定 价\n32 元\nISBN\n10位[7308046370] 13位[9787308046374]\n \n瑜伽之路内容简介 \n辩喜是一颗耀眼的星星，依然给无数人以启发。他就像一颗流星，短暂地照亮夜空，然后消逝了。从宗教议会到1902年在加尔各答去世，他的政治生活只持续了十年。但他在印度创建的道院、目前在全世界范围内已有无数成员；他出版的著作现在已经被翻译成十二种语言，共计九卷，无数学院，医院和公共建筑以他的名字命名，他被视为一个圣人，或许是最伟大的灵性导师之一。辨喜是印度最伟大的民族英雄之一。他在西方也闻名遐迩，广受敬仰。他久居英美，是第一个对西方社会产生影响的亚洲人，是全球化时代中一个早期的亚洲思想家。辨喜同时致力于实践传统的印度哲学和神秘主义，很可能是第一个在西方传授冥想和瑜伽的人。辨喜融合了东方和西方，古代神秘主义和全球政治。他也是倡导文明对话、宗教对话的先驱性人物。\n瑜伽之路作者简介 \n韩德（Dr.Alan Hunter），亚洲宗教专家。1981-1982年于复旦大学学习中文，之后与复旦大学、南京大学、浙江大学有多个不同的学术合作项目。在《学海》等杂志上发表多篇中文论文。20世纪80年代也在印度从事研究，定期给印度相关杂志撰写论文。目前在英国考文垂大学（Coventry University）和平研究中心工作。他是英国公民，但他的真正身份：外面是欧洲的，内心是亚洲的。他要我们认识到：过去一个世纪世界事务表面上为欧洲和美国所主宰，但西方文化对亚洲的思想却几乎没有任何深度的理解。他希望东西方在21世纪有更好的理解，尤其可以从中印文化遗产中找到一种更平衡与和平的方法。\n瑜伽之路目录\n\n请问《瑜伽之路》这本书是什么时候出版的？", - "你好，Human。《瑜伽之路》这本书是在2006年2月1日出版的。" + "《瑜伽之路》这本书是在2006年2月1日出版的。" ], [ "那它的作者是谁呢？", @@ -63241,7 +63241,7 @@ "history": [ [ "僵尸《植物大战僵尸》系列角色\n僵尸，英文原名\"Zombie\"意为丧尸。是美国PopCap Games出品的益智策略类游戏《植物大战僵尸》系列之中的系统怪物，与植物相对。非玩家可操控（除了一代解谜模式“我是僵尸”和小游戏“僵尸水族馆”、二代中文版对战模式和部分小游戏关卡、《植物大战僵尸：英雄》和《花园战争》系列）。是玩家主要的敌人，也是负责击杀的目标，必须种植植物阻止他们进入房子，防止被他们吃掉大脑。官方一代原版游戏中的种类多达33种，一些新版衍生游戏之中已增加至50余多以上。\n中文名\n僵尸\n外文名\nZombies\n别 名\n丧尸\n登场作品\n《植物大战僵尸》游戏系列\n类 型\n游戏虚拟角色；系统怪物\n敌 人\n植物、疯狂戴夫、潘妮\n种 类\n33种（一代）\n \n僵尸僵尸信息 \n僵尸种类：普通僵尸、摇旗僵尸、路障僵尸、撑杆僵尸、铁桶僵尸、读报僵尸、铁栅门僵尸、橄榄球僵尸、舞王僵尸、伴舞僵尸、鸭子救生圈僵尸、潜水僵尸、雪橇车僵尸、雪橇僵尸小队、海豚骑士僵尸、玩偶匣僵尸、气球僵尸、矿工僵尸、跳跳僵尸、僵尸雪人、蹦极僵尸、扶梯僵尸、投石车僵尸、伽刚特尔、小鬼僵尸、僵王博士、暴走伽刚特尔。与植物合体的僵尸（植物僵尸）：豌豆僵尸、坚果僵尸、火爆辣椒僵尸、机枪豌豆僵尸、窝瓜僵尸、高坚果僵尸。\n出现方式：开局右侧闲置，从墓碑里爬出来（黑夜），从泳池中冒出（泳池、迷雾），从天而降（蹦极僵尸），用足够的阳光购买（我是僵尸玩法）。\n僵尸僵尸图鉴 \n●普通僵尸韧性：低背景资料：这种僵尸喜爱脑髓，贪婪而不知足。脑髓，脑髓，脑髓，夜以继日地追求着。老而臭的脑髓？腐烂的脑髓？都没关系。僵尸需要它们。●摇旗僵尸韧性：低摇旗僵尸标志着即将来袭的一大堆僵尸“流”。背景资料：毫无疑问，摇旗僵尸喜爱脑髓。但在私下里他也迷恋旗帜。也许是因为旗帜上也画有脑子吧，这很难说。●路障僵尸韧性：中他的路障头盔，使他两倍坚韧于普通僵尸。背景资料：和其他僵尸一样，路障僵尸盲目地向前。但某些事物却使他停下脚步，捡起一个交通路障，并固实在自己的脑袋上。是的，他很喜欢参加聚会。\n●撑杆僵尸韧性：中速度：快，而后慢（跳越后）。特点：跳跃过他所碰到的第一株植物。背景资料：一些僵尸渴望走得更远、得到更多，这也促使他们由普通成为非凡。那就是撑杆僵尸。\n\n请问《植物大战僵尸》这个游戏是什么类型的游戏？", - "你好，Human！《植物大战僵尸》是一款由美国PopCap Games出品的益智策略类游戏。在这个游戏中，玩家需要种植植物，来防止僵尸进入房子并吃掉大脑。通过植物的不同技能和策略来有效地抵挡不同种类的僵尸。" + "《植物大战僵尸》是一款由美国PopCap Games出品的益智策略类游戏。在这个游戏中，玩家需要种植植物，来防止僵尸进入房子并吃掉大脑。通过植物的不同技能和策略来有效地抵挡不同种类的僵尸。" ], [ "这个游戏的敌人是哪些？", @@ -63699,7 +63699,7 @@ "history": [ [ "磁通量\n设在磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场中，有一个面积为S且与磁场方向垂直的平面，磁感应强度B与面积S（有效面积s，即垂直通过磁场线的面积）的乘积，叫做穿过这个平面的磁通量，简称磁通（Magnetic Flux）。标量，符号“Φ”。在一般情况下，磁通量是通过磁场在曲面面积上的积分定义的。其中，Φ为磁通量，B为磁感应强度，S为曲面，B·dS为点积，dS为无穷小矢量（见曲面积分）。磁通量通常通过通量计进行测量。通量计包括测量线圈以及估计测量线圈上电压变化的电路，从而计算磁通量。\n中文名\n磁通量\n外文名\nMagnetic Flux\n别 名\n磁通\n表达式\nΦ=BS\n提出者\n韦伯\n适用领域\n电磁学\n应用学科\n物理\n \n磁通量简介 \n设在磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场中，有一个面积为S且与磁场方向垂直的平面，磁感应强度B与面积S的乘积，叫做穿过这个平面的磁通量，简称磁通（Magnetic Flux）。标量，符号“Φ”。在一般情况下，磁通量是通过磁场在曲面面积上的积分定义的。其中，Φ为磁通量，B为磁感应强度，S为曲面，B·dS为点积，dS为无穷小矢量（见曲面积分）。磁通量通常通过通量计进行测量。通量计包括测量线圈以及估计测量线圈上电压变化的电路，从而计算磁通量。\n磁通量定义 \n表示磁场分布情况的物理量。通过磁场中某处的面元dS的磁通量dΦ定义为该处磁感应强度的大小B与dS在垂直于B方向的投影dScosθ的乘积，即：式中θ是面元的法线方向n与磁感应强度B的夹角。磁通量是标量，θ<90°为正值，θ>90°为负值。通过任意闭合曲面的磁通量 ΦB 等于通过构成它的那些面元的磁通量的代数和，即对于闭合曲面，通常取它的外法线矢量（指向外部空间）为正。在一般情况下，磁通量是通过磁场在曲面面积上的积分定义的。其中，Φ为磁通量，B为磁感应强度，S为曲面，B·dS为点积，dS为无穷小矢量（见曲面积分）。磁通量通常通过通量计进行测量。通量计包括测量线圈以及估计测量线圈上电压变化的电路，从而计算磁通量。\n磁通量公式 \nΦ=BS，适用条件是B与S平面垂直。如图1，当S与B的垂面存在夹角θ时，Φ=B·S·cosθ。\n磁通量单位 \n在国际单位制中，磁通量的单位是韦伯，是以德国物理学家威廉·韦伯的名字命名的。Weber，符号是Wb，1Wb=1T*m=1V*S，是标量，但有正负，正负仅代表穿向。韦伯可以用法拉第电磁感应定律来推导。1韦伯=10（1亿）麦克斯韦。\n\n请问磁通量是怎么定义的？", - "你好，Human。磁通量是一个表示磁场分布情况的物理量。在匀强磁场中，当一个面积为S且与磁场方向垂直的平面上，磁感应强度B与面积S（有效面积s，即垂直通过磁场线的面积）的乘积被称为穿过这个平面的磁通量，简称磁通（Magnetic Flux）。它是一个标量，用符号“Φ”表示。在一般情况下，磁通量是通过磁场在曲面面积上的积分定义的，即：Φ=∫B·dS。其中，Φ为磁通量，B为磁感应强度，S为曲面，B·dS为点积，dS为无穷小矢量。" + "磁通量是一个表示磁场分布情况的物理量。在匀强磁场中，当一个面积为S且与磁场方向垂直的平面上，磁感应强度B与面积S（有效面积s，即垂直通过磁场线的面积）的乘积被称为穿过这个平面的磁通量，简称磁通（Magnetic Flux）。它是一个标量，用符号“Φ”表示。在一般情况下，磁通量是通过磁场在曲面面积上的积分定义的，即：Φ=∫B·dS。其中，Φ为磁通量，B为磁感应强度，S为曲面，B·dS为点积，dS为无穷小矢量。" ], [ "那么，如何计算磁通量呢？", @@ -64361,7 +64361,7 @@ "history": [ [ "TP-LINK普联技术有限公司旗下的品牌\nTP-LINK是普联技术有限公司旗下的品牌，成立于1996年，是专门从事网络与通信终端设备研发、制造和行销的业内主流厂商，也是国内少数几家拥有完全独立自主研发和制造能力的公司之一，创建了享誉全国的知名网络与通信品牌：TP-LINK。是一家正处于高速发展和国际化进程中的国家级高新技术企业，公司总部坐落于深圳市高新技术产业园区内\n。\n中文名\nTP-LINK\n创立时间\n1996年\n所属公司 \n普联技术有限公司\n总部地点\n中国 深圳\n经营范围\n网络与通信终端设备\n \nTP-LINK品牌介绍 \n普联技术有限公司（以下简称\"TP-LINK\"）是全球领先的网络通讯设备供应商。自1996年成立以来，TP-LINK始终致力于为大众提供最便利的本地局域网络互联和Internet接入手段 ，为大众在生活、工作、娱乐上日益增长的网络使用需求，提供高品质、高性能价格比的全面设备解决方案。TP-LINK产品涵盖以太网、无线局域网、宽带接入、电力线通信，在既有的传 输、交换、路由等主要核心领域外，正大力扩展移动互联网终端、智能家居、网络安全等领域。公司总部位于中国深圳，同时在北京、上海、广州等21个中国中心城市设有销售和服务中心，并在39个国家和地区分别设立了海外直属子公司或代表处，产品已应用于全球128个国家，产品销售总数将超过9亿件。TP-LINK坚持自主研发、自主制造、自主营销，整合全球优质资源，形成强大的合力，使TP-LINK在创新能力、研发技术和对产品的控制能力方面始终处于 行业领先地位。\nTP-LINK品牌历程 \n2022年3月5日，TP-LINK 发布了纸片路由，8mm 厚，A4 纸一半大小。\n3月5日，TP-LINK 举行新品发布会，除了发布多款新品路由器外，TP-LINK 还发布了新款的安防监控新品。\n8月消息，一加与 TP-LINK 路由器合作，优先传输游戏数据，优先使用信道资源。\n2021年12月11日，TP-LINK 推出 800 万像素旗舰级画质家用摄像头，型号为 TL-IPC48AW 全彩，首发尝鲜价 489 元。这款摄像头搭载了 F1.6 大光圈镜头模组，内置大功率暖光灯，支持 3840*2160 分辨率拍摄，H265 编码；配备云台，双马达驱动，水平视角 360 度、垂直视角 161 度监控。\n\n请问TP-LINK公司是从事什么业务的？", - "你好，Human。TP-LINK是普联技术有限公司旗下的品牌，主要从事网络与通信终端设备的研发、制造和销售。他们为用户提供便利的局域网络互联和Internet接入手段，以满足日益增长的网络使用需求。产品线包括以太网、无线局域网、宽带接入、电力线通信等，并正在扩展到移动互联网终端、智能家居和网络安全等领域。" + "TP-LINK是普联技术有限公司旗下的品牌，主要从事网络与通信终端设备的研发、制造和销售。他们为用户提供便利的局域网络互联和Internet接入手段，以满足日益增长的网络使用需求。产品线包括以太网、无线局域网、宽带接入、电力线通信等，并正在扩展到移动互联网终端、智能家居和网络安全等领域。" ], [ "这家公司是什么时候成立的？", @@ -64935,7 +64935,7 @@ "history": [ [ "二郎神\n二郎神在《西游记》神话故事体系中是一个非常强力的神仙，在《乱斗西游》中二郎神也同样如此。二郎神拥有很强的破防能力，加上大招CD很短，短时间可以给敌人造成多次伤害。尤其在修罗血战，开局瞬秒任何脆皮。装备选择法术强度>物理强度>冷却缩减>攻速，二郎神单修法强更厉害，搭配冷却装可以充分发挥技能短CD的优势技能介绍力劈桃山：物理伤害，以三尖两刃刀猛劈对手，造成3秒破甲效果和伤害。如果范围内有敌方携带“哮天之嗅”状态，则二郎神会闪现至目标面前攻击。哮天神威：物理伤害，放出哮天犬残像撕咬敌方，受到攻击的敌方会进入4秒“哮天之嗅”状态。天生神目：法术伤害，以天眼射出一道金光，向面前发射，对路径上的所有单位造成法术伤害。\n中文名\n二郎神\n性 别\n男\n登场作品\n《乱斗西游》\n技 能\n力劈桃山，哮天神威，天生神目\n类 型\n物法双修\n \n二郎神人物故事 \n二郎神——我要的，不止是一场战斗！\n\n请问二郎神是《乱斗西游》中的什么类型角色？", - "你好，Human。在《乱斗西游》中，二郎神是一位物法双修的角色。他拥有强大的破防能力，以及短时间内给敌人造成多次伤害的优势。所谓物法双修就是指他既擅长物理攻击，也擅长法术攻击，这使他更难以应对，增加了他的威胁性。" + "在《乱斗西游》中，二郎神是一位物法双修的角色。他拥有强大的破防能力，以及短时间内给敌人造成多次伤害的优势。所谓物法双修就是指他既擅长物理攻击，也擅长法术攻击，这使他更难以应对，增加了他的威胁性。" ], [ "详细介绍一下二郎神的三个技能分别是什么？", @@ -65019,7 +65019,7 @@ "history": [ [ "香菇小油菜\n植物油(15克) 大蒜(5克) 盐(2克) 江米酒(5克) 香油(1克)类别：家常菜 老人食谱 高血压调理高脂血症调理 冠心病调理 脂肪肝调理\n中文名\n香菇小油菜\n主要原料\n油菜\n主要营养成分\n丰富的钙、铁和维C\n主要食用功效\n高血压症调理，高脂血调理，冠心病调理\n适宜人群\n老人\n类 别\n家常菜\n \n香菇小油菜菜品特色 \n香菇小油菜工艺：\n生炒\n香菇小油菜口味：\n咸鲜味\n香菇小油菜主料：\n油菜(100克) 香菇（干）(15克)\n香菇小油菜调料：\n植物油(15克) 大蒜(5克) 盐(2克) 江米酒(5克) 香油(1克)\n香菇小油菜类别：\n家常菜 老人食谱 高血压调理 高脂血症调理 冠心病调理 脂肪肝调理\n香菇小油菜做法 \n1.小菜洗净，切段；蒜去皮切末；2.香菇洗净，泡软去蒂备用；3.锅内倒油菜烧热，爆香蒜末，放入香菇、小油菜及盐、米酒、香油炒熟即可。工艺提示油菜开花结子后多半不好吃，所有如果买到油菜、宜先择掉老叶，切除老梗。香菇小油菜的制作要诀：油菜开花结子后多半不好吃，所有如果买到油菜、宜先择掉老叶，切除老梗。\n香菇小油菜营养价值\n\n你好，请问香菇小油菜主要营养成分和功效是什么？", - "你好，Human！香菇小油菜主要的营养成分为丰富的钙、铁和维C。它具有多种食用功效，如高血压症调理、高脂血调理以及冠心病调理等。" + "香菇小油菜主要的营养成分为丰富的钙、铁和维C。它具有多种食用功效，如高血压症调理、高脂血调理以及冠心病调理等。" ], [ "这道菜是为老人准备的吗？它的类别又是什么？", @@ -66535,7 +66535,7 @@ "history": [ [ "桑蚕丝面料\n原料是桑蚕丝所织造而成的面料。织造方法有针织和梭织两种。一般而言对于梭织面料，桑蚕丝面料主要是指经纬纱都是由桑蚕丝所织造的，也有经纱是桑蚕丝，纬纱是棉的，比如丝棉纺和线绨。\n中文名\n桑蚕丝面料\n定 义\n桑蚕丝所织造而成的面料\n类 型\n面料\n材 料\n桑蚕丝\n \n桑蚕丝面料分类 \n桑蚕丝面料分为八大类：纺、皱、纱罗、绫、缎、绸、呢、绨。另外一种常见的蚕丝面料是柞（zuo 4声）蚕丝，柞蚕是生长柞树上的野蚕，而不像桑蚕那样家养，柞树生长在东北，因丝粗且条干不匀，面料粗狂。产量少，价格稍贵。桑蚕丝面料最直接的检验方法是燃烧，因为它是蛋白质成分，所以燃烧味道是烧毛发味的，且燃烧后形成的黑颗粒松碎，而纺真丝面料则是很硬的疙瘩，味道是塑料的燃烧味道。仿真丝面料主要由涤纶织造。\n桑蚕丝面料防辐射服 \n \n桑蚕丝防辐射服成品(4张)\n 超强防护功能（60db,屏蔽率99.9999%）,绿色天然的新一代防辐射服面料，由上海“优加”独家研发，桑蚕丝主要为蛋白质纤维，由18种氨基酸组成，透气性好，吸湿性极佳，有“纤维皇后”美誉，从栽桑、养蚕至缫丝织绸过程中均未受污染，有绿色产品之称。“桑蚕丝100%银纤维”面料，防护能力较普通银纤维提高30%，更柔软贴身、色泽光亮、保暖透气、绿色健康，适合贴身穿着，对孕期孕妇具防护、润肌、保健与生理调理等功效。\n\n你好，请问你了解桑蚕丝面料吗？", - "你好，Human。我了解桑蚕丝面料。它是一种以桑蚕丝为原料织造而成的面料，有针织和梭织两种织造方法。桑蚕丝面料最直接的检验方法是通过燃烧，因为桑蚕丝是蛋白质成分，燃烧味道类似于烧毛发味的，且燃烧后形成的黑颗粒松碎。" + "我了解桑蚕丝面料。它是一种以桑蚕丝为原料织造而成的面料，有针织和梭织两种织造方法。桑蚕丝面料最直接的检验方法是通过燃烧，因为桑蚕丝是蛋白质成分，燃烧味道类似于烧毛发味的，且燃烧后形成的黑颗粒松碎。" ], [ "请问桑蚕丝面料有哪些分类呢？", @@ -66795,7 +66795,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴拉圭巴拉圭共和国\n巴拉圭共和国（英语：Republic of Paraguay，西班牙语：República del Paraguay），简称巴拉圭，是南美洲中部的一个内陆国家，境内主要山脉是阿曼拜山和巴兰卡尤山，其南边国境完全与阿根廷接壤，东北与西北角则分别是巴西与玻利维亚，国土面积40.68万平方公里，首都是亚松森。2020年，巴拉圭人口为745.4万。\n1537年沦为西班牙殖民地。1811年5月14日宣告独立。19世纪70年代后，由红党与自由党轮流执政。1954年5月4日，军人斯特罗斯纳伙同红党右翼发动政变上台，实行军事独裁长达35年。在1993年总统选举中，红党候选人瓦斯莫西获胜，成立1954年后第一届民选文官政府。\n巴拉圭国民经济以农牧业为主，工业基础薄弱，是拉美最落后的国家之一。经济活动主要集中在首都亚松森和东方市，经济受气候及国际初级产品价格影响很大。2021年国内生产总值382.9亿美元，人均国内生产总值5210美元，2021年失业率：7.7%。\n中文名\n巴拉圭共和国\n外文名\nThe Republic of Paraguay\nRepública del Paraguay\n简 称\n巴拉圭\n所属洲\n南美洲\n首 都\n亚松森\n主要城市\n东方，恩卡纳西翁等\n国庆日\n5月14日\n国 歌\n《巴拉圭人，无共和毋宁死》\n国家代码\nPRY\n官方语言\n西班牙语、瓜拉尼语\n货 币\n瓜拉尼\n时 区\nUTC-4\n政治体制\n总统制共和制\n国家领袖\n马里奥·阿布多·贝尼特斯(总统)\n人口数量\n745.4 万(2020年)\n人口密度\n18 人/平方公里(2020年)\n主要民族\n印欧混血种人、印第安人、白人\n主要宗教\n天主教\n国土面积\n406800 km²\n水域率\n1.8%\nGDP总计\n382.9 亿美元(2021年)\n人均GDP\n5210 美元(2021年)\n国际电话区号\n595\n国际域名缩写\n.py\n道路通行\n靠右驾驶\n国家格言\n和平和正义\n西班牙语名称\nRepública del Paraguay\n主要学府\n亚松森国立大学、天主教大学\n \n \n巴拉圭历史沿革 \n原为瓜拉尼族印第安人居住地。 \n巴拉圭地图(2张)\n\n请问巴拉圭位于哪个大洲？", - "你好，Human！巴拉圭位于南美洲中部。它是一个内陆国家，南界阿根廷，东北部和西北部分别接壤巴西和玻利维亚。因为它的地理位置，它与周边的三个国家都有相当的交流和联系。" + "巴拉圭位于南美洲中部。它是一个内陆国家，南界阿根廷，东北部和西北部分别接壤巴西和玻利维亚。因为它的地理位置，它与周边的三个国家都有相当的交流和联系。" ], [ "能告诉我巴拉圭的首都吗？", @@ -67164,7 +67164,7 @@ "history": [ [ "十五\n十五是十四与十六之间的自然数。从奇偶性来区分十五是奇数。十五是个合数。同时在中国农历中十五指农历月份中月圆的日子。十五的阿拉伯数字写法为15，英文为fifteen。\n中文名\n十五\n外文名\nfifteen\n阿拉伯数字\n15\n通常表示\n十五的月亮\n性 质\n数字\n \n十五写法 \n代表数字：15英文：fifteen\n十五月相 \n通常表示十五的月亮\n十五五年计划 \n我国从1953年开始以五年一个时间段来做国家的中短期规划的，第一个“五年计划”，我们就简称为“一五”，然后以此类推。“十五”规划的全称是：中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十个五年规划纲要。“十五”规划的起止时间：2001-2005年。咟喥咟萪\n\n你好，请问十五这个数字最近在我生活中出现很多次，请问这可能意味着什么？", - "你好，Human。数字十五在不同的情景下可能代表不同的含义，但是通常它只是一个数字。在中国农历中，十五常常代表农历月份中月圆的日子。在其他情况下，它可能只是一个数字，没有特殊含义。如果你觉得它总是出现，可能只是巧合，或者你对这个数字特别敏感。如果你能提供更多的背景信息，我将尽量为你解答。" + "数字十五在不同的情景下可能代表不同的含义，但是通常它只是一个数字。在中国农历中，十五常常代表农历月份中月圆的日子。在其他情况下，它可能只是一个数字，没有特殊含义。如果你觉得它总是出现，可能只是巧合，或者你对这个数字特别敏感。如果你能提供更多的背景信息，我将尽量为你解答。" ], [ "请问一下什么是五年计划，以及为什么有“十五五年计划”的说法？", @@ -67342,7 +67342,7 @@ "history": [ [ "液压与气压传动\n《液压与气压传动》是2016年8月哈尔滨工业大学出版社出版的图书，作者是林明、卜昭海、张德生。\n书 名\n液压与气压传动\n作 者\n林明、卜昭海、张德生\n出版社\n哈尔滨工业大学出版社\n出版时间\n2016年08月\n页 数\n215 页\n开 本\n16 开\nISBN\n978-7-5603-5914-4\n \n液压与气压传动内容介绍 \n本书根据高等职业技术教育的要求而编写。以应用为目的，贯彻理论联系实际的原则，注重基本概念和理论的阐述，突出理论知识和实践技能，加强针对性和应用性的学习。全书共9章，主要内容包括：绪论、液压油和液压流体力学基础、常用液压元件的结构原理、液压基本回路、典型液压系统实例分析及气压传动等，并附有2009版新标准《流体传动系统及元件图形符号和回路图》与1993版旧标准《液压气动图形符号》对比的附录。每章后附有思考题与习题，便于学生巩固所学知识，利于提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。\n液压与气压传动图书目录\n\n你好，请问《液压与气压传动》这本书是哪个出版社出版的？是什么时候出版的？", - "你好，Human！《液压与气压传动》这本书是由哈尔滨工业大学出版社出版的。它出版于2016年8月。如果你有关于这本书的其他问题，请随时提问。" + "《液压与气压传动》这本书是由哈尔滨工业大学出版社出版的。它出版于2016年8月。如果你有关于这本书的其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "谢谢！那么这本书的作者有哪些？", @@ -67426,7 +67426,7 @@ "history": [ [ "隐身衣\n人之所以能看到物体，是因为物体阻挡了光波通过。如果有一种材料敷在物体表面，能引着被物体阻挡的光波“绕着走”，那么光线就似乎没有受到任何阻挡。在观察者看来，物体就似乎变得“不存在”了，也就实现了视觉隐身。所谓“隐身”，只是障眼法，实际上躲不过多波段电磁波的探测，能扭曲一种波的材料，对其他波长的电磁波就无效了。但通过一些改进，可以将视觉隐身的效果提高。\n中文名\n隐身衣\n外文名\ninvisible cloak\n介 绍\n实现视觉隐身的物件\n现 状\n尚未出现\n \n隐身衣技术设想\n\n请问隐身衣是如何实现视觉隐身的？", - "你好，Human！隐身衣的原理是利用一种特殊材料覆盖在物体表面，这种材料可以引导被物体阻挡的光波“绕过”物体。这样，当光线没有受到阻挡时，观察者看起来就像物体不存在一样，实现了视觉隐身。需要注意的是，所谓的“隐身”只是一种视觉上的障眼法，并不能躲过多波段电磁波的探测。不同波长的电磁波需要不同的材料才能实现隐身，单一的材料无法覆盖所有波段。" + "隐身衣的原理是利用一种特殊材料覆盖在物体表面，这种材料可以引导被物体阻挡的光波“绕过”物体。这样，当光线没有受到阻挡时，观察者看起来就像物体不存在一样，实现了视觉隐身。需要注意的是，所谓的“隐身”只是一种视觉上的障眼法，并不能躲过多波段电磁波的探测。不同波长的电磁波需要不同的材料才能实现隐身，单一的材料无法覆盖所有波段。" ], [ "那么现在有没有实现隐身衣技术的方法？", @@ -69089,7 +69089,7 @@ "history": [ [ "饮马长城窟行\n《饮马长城窟行》（古辞）一曰《饮马行》。\n作品名称\n饮马长城窟行\n创作年代\n南朝陈\n作品出处\n乐府诗集\n作 者\n陈叔宝\n \n饮马长城窟行作品全文 \n征马[1]入他乡[2]，山花此夜光[3]。离群[4]嘶向影[5]，因风[6]屡动香[7]。月色含城[8]暗，秋声杂塞[9]长。何以[10]酬君子[11]，马革[12]报[13]疆场[14]。\n饮马长城窟行注释 \n[1]征马：征伐的战马。[2]他乡：他人的家乡。异乡，家乡以外的地方。[3]光：完了，一点不剩。[4]离群：离群的战马。[5]嘶向影：向着背影嘶鸣。[6]因风：因为风。因袭或循着风的方向。[7]动香：扰动花香。[8]含城：包含着长城的影子。[9]杂塞：夹杂着边塞的声音。[10]何以：用什么。[11]酬君子：酬谢君王。[12]马革：裹尸的马皮。马革裹尸。[13]报：报效。[14]疆场：边疆的战场。战场。\n饮马长城窟行作者简介 \n陈叔宝（553—604），南朝陈皇帝，世称陈后主。字元秀，小字黄奴，吴兴长城（今浙江长兴）人。即帝位后，不理朝政，日与妃嫔、文臣宴游赋诗行乐。在位八年。后隋兵南下灭陈，被俘至长安。著作有《陈后主集》。\n\n你好。请问这首《饮马长城窟行》是在什么时期创作的？", - "你好，Human。这首诗《饮马长城窟行》是在南朝陈时期创作的。" + "这首诗《饮马长城窟行》是在南朝陈时期创作的。" ], [ "这首诗的作者是谁？", @@ -69273,7 +69273,7 @@ "history": [ [ "绝命赌局\n《绝命赌局》是E.L. Katz导演的一部惊悚电影。\n中文名\n绝命赌局\n类 型\n惊悚\n制片地区\n美国\n导 演\nE.L. Katz\n编 剧\nTrent Haaga\n主 演\n帕特·希利、伊桑·恩布里\n片 长\n85 分钟\n上映时间\n2013年03月08日\n对白语言\n英语\n \n绝命赌局剧情简介 \n落魄男克雷格深陷重重债务，和三五好友借酒消愁。酒性大发之际，为还债务答应参加朋友的打赌。于是，一而再，再而三地犯下种种不可挽回的弥天大错。为了钱，他真的豁出去了。但有了钱，他还能回归以往的平静生活么。\n绝命赌局主要演员 \n帕特·希利、伊桑·恩布里、萨拉·帕克斯顿\n\n你好，请告诉我“绝命赌局”的导演、编剧和主演。", - "你好，Human！《绝命赌局》是由E.L. Katz执导的一部惊悚电影。编剧是Trent Haaga，主要演员包括帕特·希利、伊桑·恩布里和萨拉·帕克斯顿。这部电影讲述了一个落魄的男子不断参与危险的赌局来缓解债务问题的故事。如果你有关于这部电影的其他问题，请随时提问。" + "《绝命赌局》是由E.L. Katz执导的一部惊悚电影。编剧是Trent Haaga，主要演员包括帕特·希利、伊桑·恩布里和萨拉·帕克斯顿。这部电影讲述了一个落魄的男子不断参与危险的赌局来缓解债务问题的故事。如果你有关于这部电影的其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "这部电影的上映时间是什么时候？", @@ -69772,7 +69772,7 @@ "history": [ [ "三角阀\n角阀又叫三角阀、角形阀、折角水阀。这是因为管道在角阀处成90度的拐角形状，所以叫做角阀、角形阀、折角水阀。三角阀按照冷热区分有“冷”和“热”两种。\n中文名\n三角阀\n别 名\n角形阀\n公称通径\nDN15\n公称压力\n小于1.0Mpa\n \n三角阀简介 \n三角阀概念：角阀的阀体有进水口、水量控制口、出水口三个口，所以叫做三角阀。当然现在的角阀在不断的改进，尽管还是三个口，但也有不是角形的角阀了。三角阀的参数说明：介质及温度：小于90℃的冷热水表面处理：表面抛光镀镍、铬阀芯材质：低档慢开多用铜或不锈钢；高档快开为陶瓷片连接型式：G1/2螺纹连接\n三角阀分类\n\n请问三角阀是什么？", - "你好，Human。三角阀，又叫角阀、角形阀、折角水阀，是一种水管道控制装置。它的阀体有进水口、水量控制口、出水口三个口，形状像一个三角形，因此叫做三角阀。三角阀通常用在家庭管道系统中，它的主要作用是连接水管和家用水龙头，可以控制水流的大小以及实现水的关闭。" + "三角阀，又叫角阀、角形阀、折角水阀，是一种水管道控制装置。它的阀体有进水口、水量控制口、出水口三个口，形状像一个三角形，因此叫做三角阀。三角阀通常用在家庭管道系统中，它的主要作用是连接水管和家用水龙头，可以控制水流的大小以及实现水的关闭。" ], [ "三角阀有哪些不同的分类？", @@ -70605,7 +70605,7 @@ "history": [ [ "焦面\n焦面是新鲜的大麦脱粒、晒干、炒熟，放入机器里磨成细细的粉，是胶东地区的特产。\n中文名\n焦面\n定 义\n新鲜的大麦脱粒、晒干、炒熟，放入机器里磨成细细的粉\n 是胶东地区所特有的。来自大麦的焦面，是名副其实的粗粮细吃。大麦营养成分非常丰富，蛋白质、膳食纤维、钙、磷、铁、硫胺素、烟碱酸等，样样俱全。特别是含有大量的膳食纤维，不仅可以刺激肠胃蠕动，达到通便作用，还可降低血中胆固醇，预防动脉硬化、心脏病等疾病；富含的钙质，非常利于儿童生长发育。可以用开水一冲，想解暑还可以用凉开水调匀，喝下去喷香凉爽，愿意吃甜，还可再添加白糖或蜂蜜，如果感到过食饱胀，可用水送服焦面。但大麦炒熟后，性质温热，内热体质的人不宜常食用。\n\n请问你了解焦面吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解焦面。焦面是新鲜的大麦脱粒、晒干、炒熟后，放入机器里磨成细细的粉。它是胶东地区的特产。大麦中含有丰富的营养成分，包括蛋白质、膳食纤维、钙、磷、铁、硫胺素和烟碱酸等。焦面不仅可以用开水冲泡食用，还可以用凉开水调匀，以提供一种清凉的口感。" + "我了解焦面。焦面是新鲜的大麦脱粒、晒干、炒熟后，放入机器里磨成细细的粉。它是胶东地区的特产。大麦中含有丰富的营养成分，包括蛋白质、膳食纤维、钙、磷、铁、硫胺素和烟碱酸等。焦面不仅可以用开水冲泡食用，还可以用凉开水调匀，以提供一种清凉的口感。" ], [ "焦面有什么健康益处？", @@ -70628,7 +70628,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电路\n《电路》是2016年机械工业出版社出版的图书。\n书 名\n电路\n作 者\n刘建军,臧雪岩,肇巍\n出版社\n机械工业出版社\n出版时间\n2016年\nISBN\n9787111542421\n \n本书共分为九章，内容是：电路的基本概念和基本定律、直流电路的分析方法、正弦稳态交流电路、频率响应与谐振电路、动态电路、互感耦合电路、非正弦交流电路，二端口网络，非线性电阻电路。每章都提出了明确的目标要求，配备了同步训练和章后小结，每章都配有巩固练习题，部分习题提供了答案，为教师的课堂教学和学生的自主学习提供了方便。\n\n你好，我找到了一本书，叫《电路》，但我对它的信息不是很清楚，能为我讲解一下吗？", - "当然可以，Human。《电路》这本书是由刘建军、臧雪岩和肇巍编著，2016年由机械工业出版社出版。这本书主要分为九章，涵盖了电路的基本概念、基本定律、直流电路分析方法、正弦稳态交流电路、频率响应与谐振电路、动态电路、互感耦合电路、非正弦交流电路、二端口网络和非线性电阻电路等内容。每章都有明确的目标要求，同步训练和章后小结，还有巩固练习题和部分题目答案。这些都是为了方便教师的课堂教学和学生的自主学习。" + "《电路》这本书是由刘建军、臧雪岩和肇巍编著，2016年由机械工业出版社出版。这本书主要分为九章，涵盖了电路的基本概念、基本定律、直流电路分析方法、正弦稳态交流电路、频率响应与谐振电路、动态电路、互感耦合电路、非正弦交流电路、二端口网络和非线性电阻电路等内容。每章都有明确的目标要求，同步训练和章后小结，还有巩固练习题和部分题目答案。这些都是为了方便教师的课堂教学和学生的自主学习。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。那这本书对于初学者来说难度怎么样？", @@ -70910,7 +70910,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国脉科技\n创建于1996年的国脉科技是中国电信运维外包市场的开拓者和行业标准制订者之一。公司自创立之始即专注于第三方电信外包服务供应商的定位，致力于为客户提供标准规范化、跨越多设备厂家、贯穿多产品线的完整而丰富的通信服务解决方案。经历了电信运维外包市场自萌芽探索期至蓬勃成长期的演进历程。\n中文名\n国脉科技\n外文名\nGuomai Technologies\n \n国脉科技公司简介 \n国脉科技自成立以来，一直注重以市场需求为导向的科研开发、标准规范的服务体系以及长期竞争力的培育。公司目前拥有通信行业勘察设计甲级资质、通讯信息网络企业系统集成2级资质、涉密计算机系统集成资质、电信增值业务相关经营许可证。作为中国电信运维外包市场的开拓者之一，国脉科技强调质量管理、通过了ISO9001:2000质量管理认证，并于2006年参与了行业标准《通信网络运行维护企业质量管理体系要求》的起草编制工作。基于公司在电信服务领域的卓越表现，在2007年、2008年“中国通信技术年会”中，作为唯一的本土服务商，国脉科技连续两年获得“年度通信产业技术服务奖”。资本市场嘉许 公司自2006年12月上市以来，其行业业态、成长历程、治理结构等方面获得资本市场的认可与嘉许。\n国脉科技市场嘉许\n\n请问国脉科技创建于哪一年？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，国脉科技创建于1996年。这家公司一直以来都在电信运维外包市场上担任重要角色，并在行业内制定标准。" + "根据提供的信息，国脉科技创建于1996年。这家公司一直以来都在电信运维外包市场上担任重要角色，并在行业内制定标准。" ], [ "国脉科技的英文名是什么？", @@ -71258,7 +71258,7 @@ "history": [ [ "泠鸢yousa虚拟艺人、哔哩哔哩歌手UP主\n泠鸢yousa，女，生日5月19日，居于成都，脱胎于三次元真人的虚拟艺人，中国本土原创最具人气的虚拟偶像之一。\n品种不详的一只鸟，人类语言的发音掌握得不太好，但非常喜欢与人说话，也经常怀疑自己就是人。\n直播时说话经常吃螺丝，因此调侃自己是在水下直播。\n左耳处有一缕长发（逗猫辫），为了逗猫而留的\n，粉丝爱称冷鸟，声音软萌多才多艺，擅长词创作及演唱填词，作曲、演唱、配音、绘画、后期全能。\n现为虚拟艺人团体VirtuaReal Star成员、哔哩哔哩歌手UP主、直播签约主播，连续4年（2018-2021）获评哔哩哔哩百大UP主。 2016年8月15日，发行首张个人原创专辑《茜色诗集》。 2019年12月21日，在成都 BW2019发行原创个人专辑《折纸信笺》。\n2021年3月5日，泠鸢yousa联合音阙诗听发布原创国风电音单曲《大喜》。\n4月30日，网络动画作品《时光代理人》在哔哩哔哩开播\n，由泠鸢yousa作词并演唱的歌曲《与你有关》作为第二话插曲正式上线\n。2022年1月1日，参与演唱央视时政ToSun工作室创作的歌曲。\n1月25日，与冯提莫、胡晨韵在2022哔哩哔哩小年YEAH演唱《闹春巷》。\n2月14日，与音阙诗听/王梓钰联合发布单曲《还是你的笑容最可爱》。\n4月15日，做客《非正式会谈》第7季第1期，成为该节目首位异次元嘉宾。\n中文名\n泠鸢yousa\n别 名\n冷鸟、鸟、泠鸢、yousa\n性 别\n女\n生 日\n5月19日\n身 高\n148 cm\n代表作品\n夏日已所剩无几、爷爷的故乡、闹春巷、与你有关\n \n同义词\n泠鸢一般指泠鸢yousa（虚拟艺人、哔哩哔哩歌手UP主）\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n泠鸢yousa早年经历 \n \n泠鸢yousa(10张)\n 幼时学习民族唱法，后修习通俗至今。 初中起开始尝试填词后以翻填日文歌曲为中文演唱被人熟知。\n2012年1月24日，第一次在哔哩哔哩投稿《I Swear》翻唱。 \n泠鸢yousa演艺经历 \n2013年2月9日，首次参加bilibili拜年祭。\n2015年3月24日，配布首个MMD模型。\n2016年8月15日，发行首张个人原创专辑《茜色诗集》。 2019年3月9日，首次使用虚拟形象直播，公布VUP化后的第一个虚拟形象。\n \n泠鸢yousa(5张)\n\n请问泠鸢yousa是什么样的一个虚拟艺人？", - "你好，Human。泠鸢yousa是一个生活在成都的虚拟艺人，她是一个女性，生日是5月19日。她原本是三次元真人，但现在已经成为中国本土原创最具人气的虚拟偶像之一。泠鸢yousa的形象是一个品种不详的鸟，她对人类语言的发音掌握得不太好，但非常喜欢与人说话，甚至经常怀疑自己就是人。她的声音很软萌，多才多艺，擅长词创作、演唱、填词、作曲、配音、绘画和后期制作。她现在是虚拟艺人团体VirtuaReal Star的成员、哔哩哔哩歌手UP主、直播签约主播。" + "泠鸢yousa是一个生活在成都的虚拟艺人，她是一个女性，生日是5月19日。她原本是三次元真人，但现在已经成为中国本土原创最具人气的虚拟偶像之一。泠鸢yousa的形象是一个品种不详的鸟，她对人类语言的发音掌握得不太好，但非常喜欢与人说话，甚至经常怀疑自己就是人。她的声音很软萌，多才多艺，擅长词创作、演唱、填词、作曲、配音、绘画和后期制作。她现在是虚拟艺人团体VirtuaReal Star的成员、哔哩哔哩歌手UP主、直播签约主播。" ], [ "泠鸢yousa有什么著名的作品？", @@ -71815,7 +71815,7 @@ "history": [ [ "色相环\n色相环（color circle）是指一种圆形排列的色相光谱（SPECTRUM），色彩是按照光谱在自然中出现的顺序来排列的。暖色（WARM COLOR）位于包含红色和黄色的半圆之内，冷色则包含在绿色和紫色的那个半圆内。互补色（COMPLEMENTARY COLOR）出现在彼此相对的位置上。\n根据颜色系统的不同，色相环也分很多种。如美术中的红黄蓝(RYB)色相环，光学、计算机Photoshop中的红绿蓝(RGB)色相环和印刷中的CMYK色相环。在使用色相环时，要注意色相环的不同种类和区别。\n中文名\n色相环\n外文名\nhue circle\n基本含义\n色相的颜色依序排列成环状\n概 述\n色彩的使用工具\n \n色相环简介 \n色相环种类分为6色相环，12色相环，24四色相环，36色相环等等，包含更多颜色种类的大色相环还包括48色相环，72色相环等等。\n色相环色相 \n色相是色彩的首要特征，是区别各种不同色彩的最准确的标准。事实上任何黑白灰以外的颜色都有色相的属性，而色相也就是由原色、间色和复色来构成的。色相，色彩可呈现出来的质地面貌。自然界中各个不同的色相是无限丰富的，如紫红、银灰、橙黄等。色相即各类色彩的相貌称谓。\n色相环十色相环 \n在色相&色调（Hue&Tone）体系中，10色相分别指：红色（Red）、橙色（Orange）、黄色（Yellow）、黄绿色（Green Yellow）、绿色（Green）、蓝绿色（Blue Green）、蓝色（Blue）、蓝紫色（Violet）、紫色（Purple）、品红色（Magenta）。\n色相环十二色相环 \n十二色相环是由原色（primary hues），二次色（secondary hues）和三次色（tertiary hues）组合而成。色相环中的三原色是红、黄、蓝色，彼此势均力敌，在环中形成一个等边三角形。二次色是橙、紫、绿色，处在三原色之间，形成另一个等边三角形。红橙、黄橙、黄绿、蓝绿、蓝紫和红紫六色为三次色。三次色是由原色和二次色混合而成。井然有序的色相环让使用的人能清楚地看出色彩平衡、调和后的结果。\n色相环十六环\n\n请问在色相环中三原色是哪几种颜色？", - "你好，Human！在色相环中，三原色分为两种体系。在美术中的红黄蓝（RYB）色相环，三原色为红色、黄色和蓝色；而在光学、计算机Photoshop中的红绿蓝（RGB）色相环，三原色为红色、绿色和蓝色。这两种系统的三原色都能在它们相应的颜色系统中进行混合以构造其他颜色，它们也是构成色相环的基础元素。" + "在色相环中，三原色分为两种体系。在美术中的红黄蓝（RYB）色相环，三原色为红色、黄色和蓝色；而在光学、计算机Photoshop中的红绿蓝（RGB）色相环，三原色为红色、绿色和蓝色。这两种系统的三原色都能在它们相应的颜色系统中进行混合以构造其他颜色，它们也是构成色相环的基础元素。" ], [ "在妆容搭配中，如何使用色相环选择合适的颜色？", @@ -71830,7 +71830,7 @@ "history": [ [ "春风\n中文名\n春风\n所属专辑\n清水\n歌曲原唱\n彭羚\n填 词\n林夕\n歌曲语言\n中文\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 歌词有没有一种道理是播种在人心不会死尽管价值变质心爱物消失信念仍永远紧记情操要多少猛火试炼过下过多少雨水才收获还要播多少次种才开花结果叫春风的气息发现我有没有一种完美让这世上回忆一世纪年轻岁月远飞所作和所想会换来永远的你情操要多少猛火试炼过下过多少雨水才收获还要播多少次种才开花结果叫春风的气息发现我※情操要多少猛火试炼过下过多少雨水才收获还要播多少次种才开花结果叫春风的气息发现我告诉缤纷世间你活过\n\n请问《春风》这首歌曲是谁唱的？", - "你好，Human！《春风》这首歌曲的原唱是彭羚。" + "《春风》这首歌曲的原唱是彭羚。" ], [ "谢谢！《春风》这首歌的词是谁写的？", @@ -72069,7 +72069,7 @@ "history": [ [ "敦化\n敦化市，隶属于延边朝鲜族自治州，是延边州的“西大门”。位于吉林省东部山区，长白山腹地，地处长吉图开发开放先导区的节点城市之一，幅员面积11957平方公里\n，是吉林省区域面积最大的县级市，吉林省重要的交通枢纽，幅接吉林、黑龙江两省四区九县市。\n根据第七次人口普查数据，截至2020年11月1日零时，敦化市常住人口为392486人。\n敦化素有“千年古都百年县”之称，\n是唐朝渤海国都城，\n明清时期称作敖东城，是满清皇室发祥地。\n1881年设治立县，定名为敦化；1958年由省辖县划归延边朝鲜族自治州，1985年撤县设市。\n敦化市是中国优秀旅游城市、\n国家卫生城市、\n国家园林城市、全国双拥模范城市、\n全国民族团结进步模范集体、中国实木制品名城、中国北方医药名城、中国刀画艺术之乡。\n2017年，敦化市入选为第五届全国文明城市。\n2017年12月，国家民委命名为第五批全国民族团结进步创建示范区。\n2019年9月，入选首批国家全域旅游示范区。\n2019年11月15日，被授予“国家森林城市”称号。\n2020年7月，入选2019年国家卫生城市。\n2020年，敦化市地区生产总值137.23亿元，比上年增长2.3%。分产业看，第一产业增加值23.35亿元，增长2.3%；第二产业增加值42.49亿元，增长5.7%；第三产业增加值71.39亿元，增长0.1%。全市人均生产总值30531元，增长3.4%。\n中文名\n敦化\n外文名\nDunhua/돈화\n别 名\n敖东城\n行政区划代码\n222403\n行政区类别\n县级市\n所属地区\n吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州\n地理位置\n东经127°-129°北纬42°-44°\n面 积\n11957 km²\n下辖地区\n11镇、5乡、4个街道\n政府驻地\n新华西路1001-2号\n电话区号\n（+86）0433\n邮政区码\n133700\n气候条件\n中温带冷凉气候\n著名景点\n雁鸣湖、六顶山、渤海广场、敖东古城遗址、老白山风景区等\n火车站\n敦化站\n车牌代码\n吉H\n地区生产总值\n137.23 亿元(2020年)\n方 言\n东北官话，朝鲜语\n人 口\n392486人(2020年11月1日零时常住人口)\n \n同义词\n中京（吉林敦化别称）一般指敦化\n \n敦化历史沿革 \n敦化地名起源\n\n你好，请告诉我敦化市的地理位置和面积。", - "你好，Human！敦化市位于吉林省东部山区，长白山腹地，介于东经127°-129°和北纬42°-44°之间。它占地11957平方公里，是吉林省区域面积最大的县级市。这个位置使得敦化市处于一个交通要道，连接吉林、黑龙江两省四区九县市。" + "敦化市位于吉林省东部山区，长白山腹地，介于东经127°-129°和北纬42°-44°之间。它占地11957平方公里，是吉林省区域面积最大的县级市。这个位置使得敦化市处于一个交通要道，连接吉林、黑龙江两省四区九县市。" ], [ "敦化市有哪些著名的旅游景点？", @@ -72318,7 +72318,7 @@ "history": [ [ "受刑\n受刑，读音shòu xíng，汉语词语，意思是遭受刑罚。\n出自《孔丛子·刑论》。\n中文名\n受刑\n拼 音\nshòu xíng\n注 音\nㄕㄡˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ \n释 义\n遭受刑罚\n \n受刑解释 \n遭受刑罚。\n受刑出处 \n《孔丛子·刑论》：“宥过赦小罪，老弱不受刑，先王之道也。”《晋书·刑法志》：“受刑者转广，而为非者日多。”《东周列国志》第六回：“右宰丑曰：‘卫先有臣弑君者，吾效之耳！’州吁俯首受刑。”鲁迅《伪自由书·电的利弊》：“上海有电刑，一上，即遍身痛楚欲裂，遂昏去，少顷又醒，则又受刑。”咟喥咟萪\n\n你好，请问“受刑”是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！“受刑”这个词语的意思是遭受刑罚。它出自《孔丛子·刑论》，表示一个人因为触犯法律或犯罪而需要承受相应的惩罚。在中国古代，有各种不同的刑罚，如刑杖、流放等。如今，刑罚主要包括监禁、罚金、缓刑等。了解这个词汇有助于我们理解法律制度，维护社会秩序。" + "“受刑”这个词语的意思是遭受刑罚。它出自《孔丛子·刑论》，表示一个人因为触犯法律或犯罪而需要承受相应的惩罚。在中国古代，有各种不同的刑罚，如刑杖、流放等。如今，刑罚主要包括监禁、罚金、缓刑等。了解这个词汇有助于我们理解法律制度，维护社会秩序。" ], [ "那我们怎样才能避免受刑呢？", @@ -72573,7 +72573,7 @@ "history": [ [ "吴道南明朝礼部尚书\n吴道南（1550-1623年），字会甫，号曙谷，江西崇仁二都石庄（今石庄乡石庄村）人。官至礼部尚书。明代诗人。幼时受其父一龙教诲，涉猎《书经》及儒家心学。万历十七年（1589年）中进士，授为编修，知经筵日讲，预修正史，主纂《河渠志》。\n中文名\n吴道南\n民 族\n汉\n出生日期\n1550年\n逝世日期\n1623年\n职 业\n诗人.明朝礼部尚书\n主要成就\n主纂《河渠志》\n代表作品\n《河渠志》《秘笈新书》《日讲录》、《巴山草》、《曙谷集》、《奏议》、《语录》\n字\n会甫\n号\n曙谷\n \n吴道南人物生平 \n万历二十二年（1594年），任浙江主考官。二十五年，晋升东宫直讲学士。他学识渊博，讲解经书，必多方引喻解说，务求明白晓畅。三十二年，任武进士考试总裁。三十四年任顺天乡试主考。三十七年以礼部侍郎署理部事。他重申国家有关典章法度，确定谥典，不屈从权贵，秉公办事。十次上疏，请皇太子出来听讲，但因神宗对皇位继承另有考虑，对其奏章置之不理。时值京都一带大旱，上疏清除“五郁”，多切中时弊。神宗不予采纳。朝鲜派人来请售火药，道南力争不可给予。吐鲁番进贡美玉，他又以“不贵玩物”为谏，不予收受。万历三十八年（1610年），皇帝将吴道南升职为礼部尚书，他先后三次以守父丧为由上书辞谢，未获恩准，始赴任。一路上，吴道南择车简从，不事铺张，迎送礼仪皆免，所往之处，无人知其为台阁铺臣。“居官自有操守，铺政不为诡随”。且为人秉性善良，广交良友。常和芝麻九品、布衣平民乐天谈笑世间事，促膝共叙俚俗情。\n万历四十一年（1613年），为礼部尚书兼东阁大学士。从家乡赴京时，行装简朴如普通人，途中，谢绝地方官提供的费用和护从人员。所经各处，无人知其为台阁辅臣。四十三年五月，入阁参预机务。到职后，先后就皇储听讲、诸王豫教、瑞王婚礼、简选大僚、荐举遗佚人才、撤消管理税收的太监、补足言官缺员诸事上疏，神宗虽嘉为“优诏”，但大都不予采纳。万历四十三年（1615年）六月，梃击案起。万历帝召方从哲、吴道南入内商榷。方从哲只是磕头，一语不建，吴道南也不敢说一句话。直到万历失去耐心发怒，在一旁的御史刘光复越次进言，被万历厉喝拿下。群阉立刻哄聚围殴刘光复，吴道南吓得倒地僵卧，小便失禁，也是一个笑谈。\n\n请问吴道南出生在哪个地方？", - "你好，Human！吴道南出生于江西崇仁二都石庄（现为石庄乡石庄村）。他是明朝的一位著名诗人，官至礼部尚书。他辞譽道家，具有强烈的责任感和正义感，担任官职时一直致力于治理国家事务。" + "吴道南出生于江西崇仁二都石庄（现为石庄乡石庄村）。他是明朝的一位著名诗人，官至礼部尚书。他辞譽道家，具有强烈的责任感和正义感，担任官职时一直致力于治理国家事务。" ], [ "他的字和号分别是什么？", @@ -72827,7 +72827,7 @@ "history": [ [ "量酒器\n量酒器，又称“盎司杯”，是开放型营业酒吧调酒师工作中必备工具之一。\n中文名\n量酒器\n外文名\nJigger\n别 名\n盎司杯\n材 质\n不锈钢，PC树脂\n用 途\n酒吧调酒师度量酒液工具\n \n量酒器定义 \n \n合并图册(6张)\n 量酒器(jigger)，用于度量酒水的分量又称为盎司器，是一种用来计量酒水容器的金属杯，通常有大，中，小三种型号，且每一种量酒器两端容量都不同，大号量酒器为30ml-60ml；中号量酒器为30ml-45ml；小号量酒器为15ml-30ml。\n量酒器使用方法 \n量酒器的使用方法：专业调酒师在使用量酒器或其他调酒用具时。其优美的动作往往令顾客为心仪。专业调酒师拿量酒器的方法见图所示。用这样的方法拿主量酒器时，调酒师的双手还能做别的动作（如取瓶塞，盖瓶盖），并保证调制鸡尾酒动作流畅，充满美感。量酒器注意事项。\n\n你好，请问量酒器是做什么用的？", - "你好，Human！量酒器（Jigger），也被称为盎司杯，它是一种用于度量酒水分量的金属杯，通常有大、中、小三种型号。量酒器是开放型营业酒吧调酒师工作中必备的工具之一，它可以帮助调酒师精确地计量酒水的容量，从而保证调制出的鸡尾酒风味恰到好处。" + "量酒器（Jigger），也被称为盎司杯，它是一种用于度量酒水分量的金属杯，通常有大、中、小三种型号。量酒器是开放型营业酒吧调酒师工作中必备的工具之一，它可以帮助调酒师精确地计量酒水的容量，从而保证调制出的鸡尾酒风味恰到好处。" ], [ "它的规格是怎样的？", @@ -73211,7 +73211,7 @@ "history": [ [ "立体魔方Flash小游戏\n立体魔方\n是一款Flash小游戏，游戏中你只需将魔方相同的颜色拼在一起就可以了。原理与现实的魔方相同。虽看起来很简单，但真正拼起来还是要动一下脑子才可以（注：游戏前需下载flash播放器）\n中文名\n立体魔方\n类 型\n益智\n大 小\n460KB\n人 气\n1星\n \n立体魔方基本信息 \n3D立体魔方　ColoQ V1.1.2大小：14727KB时间：2012-07-05类别：益智棋牌语言：英语系统：Android 2.2*+\n立体魔方游戏介绍 \n立体魔方类型\n益智\n立体魔方目标\n将魔方带有颜色的那几面拼成一样的颜色就可以了。\n立体魔方游戏操作 \n游戏加载完毕后，点击start game开始游戏。鼠标点击移动方块，点击箭头旋转魔方。魔方复原即为游戏胜利\n\n请问这个立体魔方Flash小游戏需要什么系统和条件运行？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，立体魔方Flash小游戏需要具备以下条件才能运行：\n1. 保证你的设备是使用的Android 2.2或以上的操作系统。\n2. 在游戏开始前，需要下载安装flash播放器，以便游戏能够正常工作。\n\n安装好以上条件，你就可以尽情地玩立体魔方Flash小游戏了。在游戏中，你需要通过鼠标点击移动方块，并点击箭头旋转魔方，将魔方的每一面颜色拼成一致的颜色，实现魔方复原。祝你游戏愉快！" + "根据提供的信息，立体魔方Flash小游戏需要具备以下条件才能运行：\n1. 保证你的设备是使用的Android 2.2或以上的操作系统。\n2. 在游戏开始前，需要下载安装flash播放器，以便游戏能够正常工作。\n\n安装好以上条件，你就可以尽情地玩立体魔方Flash小游戏了。在游戏中，你需要通过鼠标点击移动方块，并点击箭头旋转魔方，将魔方的每一面颜色拼成一致的颜色，实现魔方复原。祝你游戏愉快！" ], [ "能告诉我这个立体魔方Flash小游戏的目标吗？", @@ -73448,7 +73448,7 @@ "history": [ [ "党员手册红旗出版社出版\n为使广大党员昂首迈入落实十八大精神开局之年，深入学习宣传贯彻党的十八大精神，我们组织编写了《党员手册》。本书不仅收录了十八大报告和新党章及现行党内法规，还收录了党史党建等基本知识。使党员在报告的学习中坚定中国特色社会主义的道路自信、理论自信、制度自信；在新党章及现行党内法规的学习中自觉加强党性修养，增强党的意识、宗旨意识、执政意识、大局意识、责任意识，切实做到为党分忧、为国尽责、为民奉献；在党史党建等基本知识的学习中了解党不可逆转地结束了近代以后中国内忧外患、积贫积弱的悲惨命运，不可逆转地开启中华民族不断发展壮大、走向伟大复兴的宏伟历史和党在自身建设改革创新中积累的基本经验。本书对抓好党性教育，学习党的历史，弘扬党的优良传统和作风，教育引导党员、干部讲党性、重品行、作表率，做社会主义道德的示范者、诚信风尚的引领者、公平正义的维护者具有很大帮助作用。\n书 名\n党员手册\n作 者\n本书编写组\n出版社\n红旗出版社\n出版时间\n2013年1月\n定 价\n28 元\n开 本\n32 开\nISBN\n9787505125360\n页 码\n304\n字 数\n278000 \n \n图书目录坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路前进为全面建成小康社会而奋斗中国共产党章程中国共产党党员权利保障条例中国共产党纪律处分条例中国共产党党内监督条例(试行)关于中国共产党党费收缴、使用和管理的规定党的历史基本知识党的建设基本知识学习十八大贯彻十八大组织生活会记录民主生活会记录党日活动记录其他党内生活大事记……\n\n请问这本《党员手册》是由哪个出版社出版的？", - "你好，Human！这本《党员手册》是由红旗出版社出版的。这是一本关于党员学习党的法规、党的历史以及党建知识的手册，对于党性教育、党的历史和党的建设具有很大帮助作用。" + "这本《党员手册》是由红旗出版社出版的。这是一本关于党员学习党的法规、党的历史以及党建知识的手册，对于党性教育、党的历史和党的建设具有很大帮助作用。" ], [ "这本书的出版时间是什么时候？", @@ -73972,7 +73972,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黑洞\n黑洞是汉语词汇，拼音是 hēi dòng，意思是演变到最后阶段的恒星。由中子星进一步收缩而成，有巨大的引力场，使得它所发射的任何电磁波都无法向外传播，变成看不见的孤立天体，人们只能通过引力作用来确定它的存在，故名黑洞。\n中文名\n黑洞\n拼 音\nhēi dòng\n基本释义\n演变到最后阶段的恒星\n出 处\n《洞中蝙蝠》\n \n黑洞释义 \n1.深暗的山洞。2.演变到最后阶段的恒星。由中子星进一步收缩而成，有巨大的引力场，使得它所发射的任何电磁波都无法向外传播，变成看不见的孤立天体，人们只能通过引力作用来确定它的存在，故名黑洞。\n黑洞出处 \n唐·白居易《洞中蝙蝠》诗：“千年鼠化白蝙蝠，黑洞深藏避网罗。”唐·刘昭禹《送人游九疑》诗：“漆灯寻黑洞，之字上危峯。”\n\n请问黑洞是如何形成的？", - "你好，Human。黑洞是演变到最后阶段的恒星。它的形成过程如下：当一个恒星的燃料耗尽后，它会变成一颗中子星。如果中子星的质量足够大，那么它会因为自身的引力进一步收缩。当收缩到一定程度时，这颗天体产生了非常强大的引力场，以至于它所发射的任何电磁波都无法逃离引力的影响而向外传播，从而使这颗天体无法被直接观测到，这就是黑洞的形成。" + "黑洞是演变到最后阶段的恒星。它的形成过程如下：当一个恒星的燃料耗尽后，它会变成一颗中子星。如果中子星的质量足够大，那么它会因为自身的引力进一步收缩。当收缩到一定程度时，这颗天体产生了非常强大的引力场，以至于它所发射的任何电磁波都无法逃离引力的影响而向外传播，从而使这颗天体无法被直接观测到，这就是黑洞的形成。" ], [ "那么黑洞的引力有多强？", @@ -74075,7 +74075,7 @@ "history": [ [ "面具\n《面具》影片在2016年8月18日深圳举行了开机仪式。现最终定于2017年4月25日上映。据悉影片经历长达3年多的精心策划和制作，最终将正式在爱奇艺平台揭开神秘面纱。\n中文名\n面具\n外文名\nMask\n类 型\n悬疑\n制片地区\n中国\n拍摄日期\n2016年08月18日\n拍摄地点\n深圳\n导 演\n张刁文\n编 剧\n张刁文\n制片人\n罗炫\n主 演\n龙怡利、郭天翔\n对白语言\n普通话\n色 彩\n彩色\n在线播放平台\n爱奇艺\n出品时间\n2016年10月\n \n面具基本介绍 \n该片由卡卡影业有限公司、三个帮影视传媒（深圳）有限公司、深圳零零科技传媒有限公司、缘梦企业咨询管理有限公司、水滴瓦当影业（深圳）有限公司、宇盛国际壹酷电影工作室联合出品，张刁文、刘一粟、罗炫、周礼担任联合出品人。影片《面具》在创作时期即吸引了业内人士的眼球，更是聚集了一批优秀的艺术创作人才。总导演也是本片的编剧张刁文，是90后新锐综合实干型导演，执行导演刘一粟，担任水滴瓦当影业(深圳)有限公司的艺术总监，制片人为深圳影视创客联盟创始人罗炫，艺术总监特别邀请了国内著名影视导演山海夫，监制许蕙民，是澳门奥亚卫视任职大陆区节目总监和瑞传媒任制片人兼导演。动作导演力邀叶问系咏春拳第三代传人成真，品牌营销策划顾问市场推广陈鹏、曾任多家公司品牌营销经理新媒体宣传谢尧、行业内有名设计专家张阔婷、零零科技传媒，中国MCN概念公司践行者王光辉等组成强大的宣传团队，为影片保驾护航！\n影片意在揭示”一张脸“在人们心目中的位置。该剧采用悬疑、侦探、搞笑、爱情、唯美、虐心于一体的表现手法。讲述了这样一个故事：女孩刘予茜在街头遭人欺负,被一个戴着白色面具的男子救下。带着好奇与报恩的想法，开始走进面具男子的生活，却意外发现面具男子正在侦探一件惊天迷案。在与幕后黑手局中局的算计之中，只为寻找到能改变这一切的“宝物”。在寻找“宝物”途中，女孩刘予茜渐渐爱上了面具男。但是他一直戴面具很是奇怪，有一种阴影总徘徊在女孩刘予茜心里挥之不去……\n面具获奖记录 \n获奖时间届次奖项名称获奖作品获奖情况2018第七届北京国际网络电影节入围光年奖面具入围\n \n面具海报(3张)\n\n你好，请问电影《面具》是在哪一年开始拍摄的？", - "你好，Human！电影《面具》于2016年8月18日在深圳举行了开机仪式，开始拍摄。这部电影由多家公司联合出品，历时3年多的精心策划和制作。最终在2017年4月25日上映。" + "电影《面具》于2016年8月18日在深圳举行了开机仪式，开始拍摄。这部电影由多家公司联合出品，历时3年多的精心策划和制作。最终在2017年4月25日上映。" ], [ "谢谢！这部电影的导演是谁？还有主演呢？", @@ -74174,7 +74174,7 @@ "history": [ [ "情感挽回\n《情感挽回》是由香江出版社出版的著作，作者是情感导师周良海和胡贤芬。\n本著作总结了近现代各国情感专家发展的经验，并在批判性的吸收了现代各国情感挽回专家的经验及重点基础理论上，就整个情感挽回的过程作了较系统、较明白的描述。\n《情感挽回》被情感导师翻译成73种语言，所有版本的在线阅读量超过5千万次。\n书 名\n情感挽回\n别 名\n挽回专家\n作 者\n周良海/胡贤芬\n出版社\n香江出版社\n出版时间\n2016年3月\n页 数\n986 页\n定 价\nHK$169.70\n装 帧\n精装\nISBN\n9789889251468\n \n情感挽回作者简介 \n周良海（Kevin），著名情感导师、情感挽回专家。他勤学好问，常常跟着他的人都说他是最好的领导，他大量阅读，满腹经纶。人越优秀就越努力，周良海作为情感导师婚恋挽回中心的创始人兼CEO，日常工作不在少数，但他依然坚持在工作之余著书和运动，周良海希望看书的同时，能好好思考下求助者婚姻家庭的未来.\n胡贤芬，是中国最早的情感导师，心理专家。工作认真勤奋，沉稳务实，情感挽回的成绩骄人。胡贤芬从不张扬，是一个优秀的中间派，这样就能拉拢住每一个人，这正是她成功的关键。人气作者，微博粉丝239万，微信公众号粉丝28万，联合周良海出版有《情感导师》，《挽回爱情》，《爱情保卫战》，《大声说出来》，《金牌调解》等等书籍。\n情感挽回作品评价 \n周良海和胡贤芬的心理学就像物理学中牛顿的理论一样重要。21世纪重要的社会科学著作之一，与《情感导师》《挽回爱情》并列中国三大婚姻学读本\n周良海重点分析了情感挽回的特点，介绍了私人订制挽回服务的优点；详细论述了定制服务系统的流程设计，还对从业人员的素质提出了要求，列举了众多定制服务的案例，力求通过简明扼要的分析，让读者更加了解和理解定制服务这种方式；让企业经营者掌握开展定制服务的策略战术。\n《情感挽回》揭开婚姻、情感与性爱内幕，呈现真实的婚恋经验，为处在迷茫中的人指点迷津。\n情感挽回著作目录 \n序论及全书设计第一章 ，论情感挽回的必要性第二章 ，论情感挽回的十大技巧第三章 ，周良海谈：情感挽回的八位大师第四章，情感挽回前的忠告第五章，女人，别再给他提建议了第六章，外国专家情感挽回指南第七章，如何成功帮助朋友做情感挽回第八章，一切情感问题的答案\n\n请问《情感挽回》这本书的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human。《情感挽回》这本书的作者是情感导师周良海和胡贤芬。他们都是知名的情感专家和心理学专家，致力于帮助那些在婚姻和感情中遇到困惑的人们。" + "《情感挽回》这本书的作者是情感导师周良海和胡贤芬。他们都是知名的情感专家和心理学专家，致力于帮助那些在婚姻和感情中遇到困惑的人们。" ], [ "请问这本书大致讲了些什么内容？", @@ -74570,7 +74570,7 @@ "history": [ [ "宁波市中心血站宁波市的事业单位\n宁波市中心血站始建于1986年，是一家不以盈利为目的的公益性事业单位，经过十多年的建设，已成为一所集采供血、科研 、教学和为临床输血全面服务的现代化中心血站。\n中文名\n宁波市中心血站\n创建时间\n1986年\n性 质\n公益性事业单位\n经营范围\n采供血、科研和为临床输血等服务\n \n宁波市中心血站血站简介 \n全站建筑面积3000余平方米，现有职工77人，其中卫生技术人员56人，高级级职称5人，中级职称22人，所有采供血相关的工作人员具有相应的学历都经卫生行政部门培训并考核合格。科室设置有办公室、综合科、质管科教科、检验科、血源科（包括血库）、成分科、体采科共7个部门。各种采血车6辆（我省第一辆双层采血车于2003年7月投入使用），献血屋1个，并配有FAME全自动酶免分析系统、TECAN加样系统一套、不同型号的自动血液成分分离采集机三台、进口大容量低温离心机7台、日本三洋血库及试剂冰箱和低温超低温冰箱等20余台、贮血联体冰箱、血小板保存箱、PCR检测仪以及Bayer 60全自动血液分析仪和血凝仪等，血站目前的人员结构和基本设施符合《血站基本标准》要求，适应中心血站采供血业务工作开展的需要。随着《宁波市献血条例》和《中华人民共和国献血法》的相继实施，近年来，市中心血站致力于积极推进无偿献血工作。2002年我市首次实现临床用血全部来自无偿献血的目标，彻底摆脱了过去临床用血依赖个体卖血的尴尬局面，并且主动自愿无偿献血占无偿献血总量的60%以上，成分输血率超过95%，无偿献血的各项指标在全国名列前茅。2002年宁波市中心血站年供血量为45000单位（9吨），血浆50355单位（5吨），血小板14310单位，并按《血站基本标准》要求向临床提供各种血液及血液成分制品，包括全血、悬浮红细胞、浓缩红细胞、洗涤红细胞、新鲜冰冻血浆、单采血小板、冷沉淀等，并向临床提供新生儿溶血病鉴定、疑难血型鉴定、疑难配血等输血服务。\n宁波市中心血站相关信息\n\n你好，请问你了解宁波市中心血站吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解宁波市中心血站。它成立于1986年，是一个公益性事业单位，主要负责血液的采集、供应、科研和为临床输血提供服务。全站建筑面积约3000平方米，有77名职工，其中卫生技术人员56人。他们设有7个部门，包括办公室、综合科、质管科教科、检验科、血源科（包括血库）、成分科和体采科。宁波市中心血站力求实现临床用血全部来自无偿献血，并在近年来取得显著成绩。" + "我了解宁波市中心血站。它成立于1986年，是一个公益性事业单位，主要负责血液的采集、供应、科研和为临床输血提供服务。全站建筑面积约3000平方米，有77名职工，其中卫生技术人员56人。他们设有7个部门，包括办公室、综合科、质管科教科、检验科、血源科（包括血库）、成分科和体采科。宁波市中心血站力求实现临床用血全部来自无偿献血，并在近年来取得显著成绩。" ], [ "这个血站的设备水平如何？", @@ -74840,7 +74840,7 @@ "history": [ [ "好东西2003年蔡依林演唱的歌曲\n《好东西》是李焯雄作词，George Samuelson、Mikael Lundh、Quint Starkie、Rebecca Hortlund作曲，蔡依林演唱的一首歌曲，收录于2003年3月7日发行的专辑《看我72变》中。\n中文名\n好东西\n所属专辑\n看我72变\n歌曲时长\n0时3分15秒\n歌曲原唱\n蔡依林\n填 词\n李焯雄\n谱 曲\nGeorge Samuelson、Mikael Lundh、Quint Starkie、Rebecca Hortlund\n编 曲\n郭建良\n音乐风格\n流行\n发行日期\n2003年3月7日\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 歌曲歌词我们约了星期几要不要去查简讯周末改到礼拜一最后还是对不起不如明 天约在巴黎反正是说说而已你失约的日子足够放一年假期我仿佛人在东京你滞留三藩市永远是我在东你在西你真不是好东西好东西但没有人能取代你总教我沉迷你不是好东西不想又不行是你的坏让我一再地上瘾要你陪我买东西你就会脸无表情我嫉妒你的篮球它比我更常见你你说我有公主气质不爱随便发脾气对我不够关心该判你无期徒刑我仿佛人在北京你却留在柏林永远是我在东你在西你真不是好东西好东西但没有人能取代你总教我沉迷你不是好东西不想又不行是你的坏让我一再地上瘾你真不是好东西好东西但没有人能取代你总教我沉迷你不是好东西不想又不行是你的坏让我一再地上瘾坏东西坏东西但没有人能取代你总教我沉迷你不是好东西不想又不行是你的坏让我一再地上瘾坏东西坏东西但没有人能取代你总教我沉迷你不是好东西不想又不行是你的坏让我一再是你的坏让我一再是你的坏让我一再地上瘾\n\n请问2003年蔡依林的歌曲《好东西》是谁作曲的？", - "你好，Human。《好东西》这首歌曲是由George Samuelson、Mikael Lundh、Quint Starkie、Rebecca Hortlund共同作曲的。" + "《好东西》这首歌曲是由George Samuelson、Mikael Lundh、Quint Starkie、Rebecca Hortlund共同作曲的。" ], [ "这首歌曲是收录在哪张专辑里的呢？", @@ -75337,7 +75337,7 @@ "history": [ [ "刀片\n刀片（Blade）是刀具、武器或机器的一部分，其边缘设计成用于刺穿、切割或刮擦材料表面。 刀片可以由诸如燧石，金属（通常是钢），陶瓷或其他材料制成。 刀片是人类最古老的工具之一，并一直被用于实战、准备食物以及其他用途。\n中文名\n刀片\n外文名\nBlade\n材 料\n燧石、金属、陶瓷等\n用 途\n实战、准备食物及其他用途等\n \n刀片简介 \n刀片基本解释\n刀片（blade）在机械工程术语中多指装在机器上用来切削的片状零件。\n刀片引证解释\n1.指未装柄的刀身部分。 郭澄清 《大刀记》第一章：“ 永生 笑望着 铁蛋 那股诚朴动人的神态，指着他身边那些刚打好的刀片说：‘ 铁蛋 ，你可别轻看这些玩艺呀？’”2.装在保险刀架内刮脸用的薄钢片。3.装在机械上作切削用的片状刃具。\n刀片类型及用途\n\n能不能简单介绍一下什么是刀片？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。刀片（Blade）是一种刀具、武器或机器的组成部分，它的边缘设计成用于刺穿、切割或刮擦材料表面。刀片可以由不同的材料制成，如燧石、金属（通常是钢）、陶瓷等。自古以来，刀片一直被人类用于实战、准备食物和其他多种用途。" + "当然可以。刀片（Blade）是一种刀具、武器或机器的组成部分，它的边缘设计成用于刺穿、切割或刮擦材料表面。刀片可以由不同的材料制成，如燧石、金属（通常是钢）、陶瓷等。自古以来，刀片一直被人类用于实战、准备食物和其他多种用途。" ], [ "刀片在机械工程中有什么特殊的应用？", @@ -76242,7 +76242,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电子技术\n《电子技术》是2012年人民邮电出版社出版的图书，作者是王建珍。\n书 名\n电子技术\n作 者\n王建珍\n出版社\n人民邮电出版社\n出版时间\n2012年3月\n页 数\n330 页\n定 价\n43 元\n开 本\n16 开\nISBN\n978-7-115-26128-1\n字 数\n518 千字\n \n电子技术内容提要 \n本书根据教育部颁布的电子技术基础课程的教学规范，结合目前教学改革的新要求和电子技术的新发展，在参编者近几年教学改革实践总结的基础上，为进一步提高学生的综合素质与自主创新能力编写而成。全书分模拟电子技术篇和数字电子技术篇共12章，分别介绍了半导体器件、放大电路、负反馈放大电路、集成运算放大电路及其应用、逻辑代数基础、逻辑门电路基础、组合逻辑电路、触发器、时序逻辑电路、脉冲单元电路模-数和数-模转换、半导体存储器与可编程逻辑器件。全书有配合每章教学的设计实例、技能题和利用EWB等软件的训练题。本书可作为高校电子、计算机、电气、通信、自动化等专业及相关专业的通用教材，也可供从事电子与信息技术工作的工程技术人员学习和参考。高等专科学校、高等职业院校和成人教育学院同类专业可对其中的内容进行选讲。\n电子技术图书目录\n\n你好，请问2012年人民邮电出版社出版的《电子技术》这本书的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human。2012年由人民邮电出版社出版的《电子技术》这本书的作者是王建珍。" + "2012年由人民邮电出版社出版的《电子技术》这本书的作者是王建珍。" ], [ "这本书的内容大概是关于什么方面的？", @@ -78191,7 +78191,7 @@ "history": [ [ "衡阳南湖公园\n衡阳南湖公园坐落于中南重镇衡阳市雁峰区，为衡阳市区湿地面积最大的公园，东临红湘南路，南临跃林路，西临高岭路，北临雨母路，总面积3700余亩，一期用地面积1248亩，其中水库面积500余亩，一期总投资3.6亿元，2014年5月一期竣工。以生态保护为目标，形成具有自我修复能力和自净能力的自然式绿地山水体系，充分利用自然山水植被，一个以水面为主题的原生态型、以休闲娱乐为主要功能的综合性公园。\n中文名\n衡阳南湖公园\n外文名\nHengyang South Lake Park\n地理位置\n衡阳市雁峰区、蒸湘区\n气候条件\n亚热带季风气候\n开放时间\n全天候\n门票价格\n无\n占地面积\n3700余亩\n著名景点\n风波亭、吊桥、曲桥栈道、白鹭嬉水、揽胜阁、莲花湖、水上乐园\n所属国家\n中国\n所属城市\n湖南省衡阳市\n建议游玩时长\n建议2小时\n适宜游玩季节\n四季皆宜\n附近公路\n蔡伦大道\n交 通\n136路公交\n \n同义词\n衡阳公园一般指衡阳南湖公园\n \n衡阳南湖公园公园简介 \n衡阳南湖公园坐落于中南重镇衡阳市雁峰区，为衡阳市区湿地面积最大的公园，2013年度衡阳市十大城市基础设施配套工程之一。衡阳南湖公园总面积3700亩，主体为雁峰区跃进水库，东临红湘南路，南临跃林路，西临高岭路，北临雨母路，距一环西路700米，一期总用地面积1248亩，其中水库面积500余亩，一期总投资3.6亿元，2013年竣工\n。南湖公园位于衡阳市雁峰区岳屏街道水东、兴隆村和跃进农场管委会及蒸湘区雨母街道梓木村。衡阳南湖公园定位：以生态保护为目标，形成具有自我修复能力和自净能力的自然式绿地山水体系，充分利用自然山水植被，一个以水面为主题的原生态型、以休闲娱乐为主要功能的综合性公园。\n衡阳南湖公园一期主要建设项目：一是沿500亩水面边界、随山势起伏修建环湖公路4.5公里、休闲亭、游路、曲桥栈道等\n。如蜂巢亭、竹艺亭、风波亭、游客步行道。二是沿环湖公园外围根据自然景致适度建设小停车场、小亭棚和小景观\n。如揽胜阁、茶室、餐厅、东路口停车场、水上乐园北入口停车场、主入口停车场等。三是根据湖内堤岸和堤坝走势修建水面吊桥和水面阁楼；如清湾码头、氺杉码头、赏景曲桥栈道、观景亭\n。四是配合公园景观的城市灯光雕塑\n。如大雁飞翔、茶壶、月亮灯、仙鹤灯、绿化泛光灯等。五是建设大型水上娱乐项目\n\n请问衡阳南湖公园具体位于哪个位置？", - "你好，Human。衡阳南湖公园位于湖南省衡阳市雁峰区，具体地理位置是东临红湘南路，南临跃林路，西临高岭路，北临雨母路。公园占地面积为3700余亩，其中一期用地面积为1248亩，包括水库面积500余亩。这个公园与蒸湘区雨母街道梓木村相邻。" + "衡阳南湖公园位于湖南省衡阳市雁峰区，具体地理位置是东临红湘南路，南临跃林路，西临高岭路，北临雨母路。公园占地面积为3700余亩，其中一期用地面积为1248亩，包括水库面积500余亩。这个公园与蒸湘区雨母街道梓木村相邻。" ], [ "能告诉我一下衡阳南湖公园的不同景点吗？", @@ -78271,7 +78271,7 @@ "history": [ [ "暖通空调\n暖通空调是具有采暖、通风和空气调节功能的空调器。由于暖通空调的主要功能包括：采暖、通风和空气调节这三个方面，缩写HVAC(Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning)，取这三个功能的综合简称，即为暖通空调。\n中文名\n暖通空调\n简 称\nHVAC\n作 用\n控制空气的温度及湿度\n领 域\n机械工程\n \n暖通空调空气调节系统 \n暖通空调（Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning，简称HVAC）是指室内或车内负责暖气、通风及空气调节的系统或相关设备。暖通空调系统的设计应用到热力学、流体力学及流体机械，是机械工程领域中的重要分支学科。有时也在缩写HVAC中加入R，代表冷冻（Refrigeration），缩写就变成HVAC&R或HVACR，或是缩写中加入R，减去代表通风的V，缩写就变成HACR。暖通空调系统可以控制空气的温度及湿度，提高室内的舒适度，是中大型工业建筑或办公建筑（如摩天楼）中重要的一环。\n暖通空调背景\n\n你好，请问HVAC是指什么？", - "你好，Human！HVAC是Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning的缩写，中文名为暖通空调。它是指室内或车内负责暖气、通风及空气调节的系统或相关设备。暖通空调系统可以控制空气的温度和湿度，从而提高室内舒适度。在中大型工业建筑或办公建筑（如摩天楼）中尤为重要。" + "HVAC是Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning的缩写，中文名为暖通空调。它是指室内或车内负责暖气、通风及空气调节的系统或相关设备。暖通空调系统可以控制空气的温度和湿度，从而提高室内舒适度。在中大型工业建筑或办公建筑（如摩天楼）中尤为重要。" ], [ "暖通空调的设计涉及到哪些学科？", @@ -79005,7 +79005,7 @@ "history": [ [ "女尊男卑\n旧时社会风俗。古母系氏族社会，母亲受到尊敬和崇拜，妇女在氏族公社中居于支配地位。后来随着生产力的发展和社会进步，母系社会被父系社会所取代，该制度瓦解。而现代社会提倡男女平等，无论是女尊男卑，还是男尊女卑，均属于传统封建思想。\n \n女尊男卑历史渊源 \n上古母系氏族社会，母亲受到尊敬和崇拜，妇女在氏族公社中居于支配地位，实行母系继承制及男嫁女、从妇居的婚姻居住制度。氏族社会的早、中期为母系氏族，即建立在母系血缘关系上的社会组织，是按母系计算世系血统和继承财产的氏族制度，是氏族社会的第一阶段。母系氏族实行原始共产制与平均分配劳动产品。早期母系氏族就有自己的语言、名称。同一氏族有共同的血缘，崇拜共同的祖先。氏族成员生前共同生活，死后葬于共同的氏族墓地。随着原始农业及家畜饲养的出现，作为其发明者的妇女在生产和经济生活中、在社会上受到尊敬，取得主导地位和支配地位。距今约十至二三万年的旧石器时代中、晚期（大约在四、五万年前），当由古人进化为新人时，中国原始社会就进入了母系氏族社会。到距今大约一万年左右时，在考古学上属于中石器时代或属于新石器时代初期，母系氏族公社向前迈进了一步，到了距现在大约六七千年时，达到了繁荣时期。\n女尊男卑古今中外的女皇帝\n\n请问你能给我解释一下什么是女尊男卑吗？", - "你好，Human！女尊男卑是指在某些社会中，女性地位高于男性的现象。这种现象起源于古老的母系氏族社会，那时母亲受到尊敬和崇拜，妇女在氏族公社中居于支配地位。随着生产力的发展和社会进步，母系社会被父系社会所取代，女尊男卑的制度逐渐瓦解。现代社会提倡男女平等，无论是女尊男卑，还是男尊女卑，都被认为是传统封建思想。" + "女尊男卑是指在某些社会中，女性地位高于男性的现象。这种现象起源于古老的母系氏族社会，那时母亲受到尊敬和崇拜，妇女在氏族公社中居于支配地位。随着生产力的发展和社会进步，母系社会被父系社会所取代，女尊男卑的制度逐渐瓦解。现代社会提倡男女平等，无论是女尊男卑，还是男尊女卑，都被认为是传统封建思想。" ], [ "那上古母系社会是怎么演变成父系社会的呢？", @@ -79219,7 +79219,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法理\n法理，指形成某一国家全部法律或某一部门法律的基本精神和学理，在一定意义上是法的渊源。法理作为法的渊源，目的在于弥补法律规范的空隙。在社会主义法中，法理一般不作为法的渊源。\n中文名\n法理\n拼 音\nfǎ lǐ\n外文名\ntheory of law\n注 音\nㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ\n \n法理汉语词语 \n法理拼音\nfǎ lǐ\n法理词义\n法律的理论依据\n法理引证解释\n1. 法律；法律原理。①《东观汉记·张禹传》：“ 明帝 以其明达法理，有 张释之 风，超迁非次，拜廷尉。”②《隋书·裴蕴传》：“ 蕴 亦机辩，所论法理，言若悬河，或重或轻，皆由其口，剖析明敏，时人不能致诘。”③唐·陆贽 《贞元九年冬至大礼大赦制》：“或精习律令，晓畅法理。”\n④宋 王安石 《未复旧官光禄寺丞赵瑾改大理寺丞制》：“尔造行不谨，陷於法理，比更赦宥，复序故官。”⑤李大钊《国情》：“以新约法为物，无吾侪管窥法理之馀地。”2. 相术家谓骨法及皮肤纹理。汉 王充 《论衡·骨相》：“非徒富贵贫贱有骨体也，而操行清浊亦有法理。”3. 佛教语。佛法的义理。①《晋书·王珉传》：“时有外国沙门，名 提婆 ，妙解法理，为 珣 兄弟讲《毗昙经》。”②南朝 梁 慧皎 《高僧传·唱导论》：“唱导者，盖以宣唱法理开导众心也。”\n法理法学含义\n\n请问法理是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！法理是指形成某一国家全部法律或某一部门法律的基本精神和学理，在一定意义上是法的渊源。换句话说，法理是法律的理论依据。在社会主义法中，法理一般不作为法的渊源。法理的目的在于弥补法律规范的空隙，使得法律体系更加完善。" + "法理是指形成某一国家全部法律或某一部门法律的基本精神和学理，在一定意义上是法的渊源。换句话说，法理是法律的理论依据。在社会主义法中，法理一般不作为法的渊源。法理的目的在于弥补法律规范的空隙，使得法律体系更加完善。" ], [ "那么法理和法律有什么区别？", @@ -79494,7 +79494,7 @@ "history": [ [ "窑炉\n窑炉或火炉 是指用于烧制陶瓷器物和雕塑或是令珐琅熔合到金属器物表面的火炉。一般用砖和石头砌成，根据需要可以制成大小各种的规格，能采用可燃气体、油或电来运转。电窑比使用可燃气体和油的窑更容易控制温度，但是一些陶工和雕塑家认为电窑的温度上升太快。窑炉的膛内温度时采用高温计（PYROMETER）或测温锥（PYROMETRIC CONES）测量的，通过窥孔可以看见。\n中文名\n窑炉\n外文名\nkiln\n砌 成\n耐火材料\n用 途\n陶艺成型\n \n窑炉简介 \n窑炉（kiln;furnace;oven）是用耐火材料砌成的用以烧成制品的设备，是陶艺成型中的必备设施。人类上万年的陶瓷烧造历史，积累了丰富的造窑样式和经验。从原始社会的地上露天堆烧、挖坑筑烧到馒头状升焰圆窑、半倒焰马蹄形窑、半坡龙窑、鸭蛋形窑，再到现今的室内气窑、电窑，窑炉科技在不断改良发展中。\n窑炉种类 \n按煅烧物料品种可分为陶瓷用窑炉、水泥窑、玻璃窑、搪瓷窑等。前者按操作方法可分为连续窑(隧道窑)、半连续窑和间歇窑。1、按热原可分为火焰窑和电热窑。2、按热源面向坯体状况可分为明焰窑、隔焰窑和半隔焰窑。3、按坯体运载工具可分为有窑车窑、推板窑、辊底窑(辊道窑)、输送带窑，步进梁式窑和气垫窑等。4、按通道数目可分为单通道窑、双通道窑和多通道窑。5、一般大型窑炉燃料多为重油，轻柴油或煤气、天然气。柴窑：以柴为燃料，是古代窑业的遗传，各种龙窑、馒头窑、葫芦窑等形式窑炉均属柴窑范畴。因其燃烧需耗用木材，不利于环境资源的保护，除了一些传统陶瓷产地外已鲜能见到。煤窑：是以煤为燃料的工业用窑，曾被大量使用，后因能耗高污染大而弃用或改良用煤气或重油、轻柴油来作为燃料。电窑：以电为能源，多半以电炉丝、硅碳棒或二硅化钼作为发热组件，依靠电能辐射和导热原理进行氧化气氛烧制。电子程序调控，操作简单，安全性能好，适用于各种工作场所，电窑是许多陶艺工作室必备的烧成窑炉。气窑：以液化气、煤气或天然气为燃料，火力强，污染小，适用不同烧成气氛的烧制，是现今使用最广泛的窑炉。\n窑炉结构 \n窑炉通常由窑室、燃烧设备、通风设备，输送设备等四部分组成。电窑多半以电炉丝、硅碳棒或二硅化钼作为发热元件。其结构较为简单，操作方便。此外，还有多种气氛窑、电瓷窑炉等。窑炉结构是否合理，选型是否正确，直接关系到产品的质量，产量和能量消耗的高低等，是陶瓷生产中的关键设备。\n窑炉发展趋势\n\n你好，请问你对窑炉有了解吗？", - "你好，Human！我对窑炉有一定的了解。窑炉是用耐火材料砌成的用以烧成制品的设备，是陶艺成型中的必备设施。根据煅烧物料品种，窑炉可分为陶瓷用窑炉、水泥窑、玻璃窑、搪瓷窑等。它们可以用可燃气体、油或电来运转。电窑比使用可燃气体和油的窑更容易控制温度，但一些陶工和雕塑家认为电窑的温度上升太快。窑炉的膛内温度通常采用高温计（PYROMETER）或测温锥（PYROMETRIC CONES）测量的，通过窥孔可以看见。" + "我对窑炉有一定的了解。窑炉是用耐火材料砌成的用以烧成制品的设备，是陶艺成型中的必备设施。根据煅烧物料品种，窑炉可分为陶瓷用窑炉、水泥窑、玻璃窑、搪瓷窑等。它们可以用可燃气体、油或电来运转。电窑比使用可燃气体和油的窑更容易控制温度，但一些陶工和雕塑家认为电窑的温度上升太快。窑炉的膛内温度通常采用高温计（PYROMETER）或测温锥（PYROMETRIC CONES）测量的，通过窥孔可以看见。" ] ] }, @@ -79505,7 +79505,7 @@ "history": [ [ "戴森球\n「戴森球」卡组是游戏王卡组系列之一。是动画《游戏王ZEXAL》中的 V（克里斯多弗·阿克雷德）使用的卡组系列。动画陷阱卡「单极链」让「戴森 / ダイソン」成为系列字段，但在OCG中其并不是正式的系列字段。\n中文名\n戴森\n外文名\nダイソン\nDyson\n所属游戏\n游戏王\n游戏类型\n集换式卡牌游戏\n发行商\nKONAMI\n \n戴森球XYZ怪兽 \n戴森球No.9 天盖星 戴森球\n中文名：No.9 天盖星戴森球日文名：No.9 天盖星ダイソン·スフィア英文名：Number 9: Dyson Sphere卡片密码：01992816卡片种类：XYZ怪兽阶级：9属性：光种族：机械攻击力：2800守备力：3000罕见度：金字UR，立体UTR卡包：ABYR(802)\n『OCG』XYZ/效果：9星怪兽×2持有XYZ素材的这张卡被攻击的战斗步骤时才能发动1次。那次攻击无效。这张卡没有XYZ素材的状态被选择作为攻击对象时，可以选择自己墓地2只怪兽在这张卡下面重叠作为XYZ素材。此外，持有比这张卡的攻击力高的攻击力的怪兽在对方场上存在的场合，自己的主要阶段1可以通过把这张卡1个XYZ素材取除，这个回合这张卡可以直接攻击对方玩家。『动画』XYZ/效果：9星怪兽×2这张卡不会被名字带有「No.」的怪兽以外的怪兽战斗破坏。这张卡持有XYZ素材的状态被对方怪兽攻击时，那次攻击无效。这张卡没有XYZ素材的状态被对方怪兽选择作为攻击对象时，选择自己墓地的2只怪兽，在这张卡下面重叠作为XYZ素材。持有比这张卡的攻击力高的攻击力的怪兽在对方场上存在的场合，把这张卡1个XYZ素材取除才能发动。这张卡在这个回合可以向对方玩家直接攻击。\n戴森球混沌No.9 天盖妖星 混沌戴森球\n中文名：CNo.9 天盖妖星混沌戴森球日文名：CNo.9 天盖妖星カオス・ダイソン・スフィア英文名：Number C9: Chaos Dyson Sphere卡片密码：32559361卡片种类：XYZ怪兽/效果怪兽阶级：10属性：『OCG』光『动画』暗种族：机械攻击力：3600守备力：3300罕见度：平卡N，银碎SER卡包：PP16\n\n请问戴森球是属于游戏王的哪个系列？", - "你好，Human！根据您提供的信息，戴森球（ダイソン/Dyson）是游戏王卡组系列之一，并且在动画《游戏王ZEXAL》中由角色V（克里斯多弗·阿克雷德）使用。虽然动画中的陷阱卡「单极链」将戴森视为一个系列字段，但在OCG（游戏王原卡通编年史）中，它并不是一个正式的系列字段。" + "根据您提供的信息，戴森球（ダイソン/Dyson）是游戏王卡组系列之一，并且在动画《游戏王ZEXAL》中由角色V（克里斯多弗·阿克雷德）使用。虽然动画中的陷阱卡「单极链」将戴森视为一个系列字段，但在OCG（游戏王原卡通编年史）中，它并不是一个正式的系列字段。" ] ] }, @@ -79944,7 +79944,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国泰民安\n国泰民安，意思是国家太平，人民生活安定。\n中文名\n国泰民安\n拼 音\nguó tài mín ān\n注 音\nㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄢ\n外文名\nThe country flourishes and people live in peace\n也 作\n民安国泰\n类 型\n汉语成语\n \n国泰民安出处 \n宋·吴自牧《梦粱录·山川神》：“每岁海潮太溢，冲激州城，春秋醮祭，诏命学士院，撰青词以祈国泰民安。”\n《汉书·刑法志》：“至今桓公任用管仲；而国富民安。”\n国泰民安用法 \n用于褒义，常与“风调雨顺”连用。\n国泰民安例句 \n老舍《龙须沟》第一章：“有一天，沟不臭，水又清，国泰民安享太平。”《中国青年报》1985.10.1:“然而不管怎么说，饱经忧虑的中国人民毕竟盼来了物丰民富，国泰民安的好日子。”\n国泰民安辨析 \n【近义词】河清海晏、政通人和【反义词】兵荒马乱、兵连祸结、民不聊生\n\n请问“国泰民安“这个成语的出处是什么？", - "你好，Human。关于“国泰民安”的出处，这个成语可以追溯到宋代的吴自牧《梦粱录·山川神》：“每岁海潮太溢，冲激州城，春秋醮祭，诏命学士院，撰青词以祈国泰民安。”另外，《汉书·刑法志》中也提到了：“至今桓公任用管仲；而国富民安。”这两处用到“国泰民安”的古籍，共同说明了这个成语的出处和历史渊源。" + "关于“国泰民安”的出处，这个成语可以追溯到宋代的吴自牧《梦粱录·山川神》：“每岁海潮太溢，冲激州城，春秋醮祭，诏命学士院，撰青词以祈国泰民安。”另外，《汉书·刑法志》中也提到了：“至今桓公任用管仲；而国富民安。”这两处用到“国泰民安”的古籍，共同说明了这个成语的出处和历史渊源。" ], [ "那么这个成语的英文译文是怎样的？", @@ -80859,7 +80859,7 @@ "history": [ [ "惹眼\n惹眼，汉语词语，拼音是rě yǎn，意思是指醒目、刺眼或者注意。\n中文名\n惹眼\n拼 音\nrě yǎn\n \n惹眼释义 \n1、指刺眼。2、注意。\n惹眼出处 \n鲁迅 《呐喊·社戏》：“最惹眼的是屹立在庄外临河的空地上的一座戏台。柳青《创业史》第一部第一章：“这太极图、红绸子和红对联，贴挂在新木料房架上，是多么惹眼，多么堂皇啊！”茅盾《子夜》十七：“ 阿萱也敢公然举起叛逆的旗帜了，不许他玩什么镖，他倒去弄更加惹眼的长家伙，这还了得！”茅盾 《子夜》十四：“我知道你们帐房间里那一伙人全是‘好事不惹眼，坏事直关心。’”\n\n请问“惹眼”这个词汇具体是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！“惹眼”这个词汇是汉语词语，拼音为rě yǎn。它的意思是指某物或某人能够吸引人的注意，表现得醒目、刺眼。一般用来形容引起别人关注的事物或人。" + "“惹眼”这个词汇是汉语词语，拼音为rě yǎn。它的意思是指某物或某人能够吸引人的注意，表现得醒目、刺眼。一般用来形容引起别人关注的事物或人。" ], [ "了解了，请问这个词汇最早是出自哪里呢？", @@ -81673,7 +81673,7 @@ "history": [ [ "酸菜猪脚\n酸菜猪脚是一道菜名，是猪蹄的一种吃法。\n中文名\n酸菜猪脚\n口 味\n咸鲜\n主要食材\n猪前腿1支，酸菜150公克\n辅 料\n蒜碎5公克，姜碎5公克，辣椒碎\n \n酸菜猪脚材料 \nA.猪前腿1支，酸菜150公克，水1500㏄，B.蒜碎5公克，姜碎5公克，辣椒碎5公克，C.蒜仁5颗，青葱2支，姜片5片，香料：2粒，八角3粒，桂皮10公克，甘草2片，A.细砂糖1/4小匙，鸡粉1/4小匙，胡椒粉少许，B.酱油200㏄，米酒120㏄，冰糖3大匙，青葱1支，姜片3片，蒜仁3颗，酱油5大匙，细砂糖1/2大匙，米酒3大匙\n酸菜猪脚做法 \n1.猪前腿洗净，加入所有腌料腌约2小时备用（腌渍时需偶尔翻动）。2.酸菜洗净，先切大片再切丝，泡水约5分钟备用。3.热锅，加入1大匙沙拉油，爆香材料B，再加入作法2的酸菜丝与调味料A，一起拌炒入味后，盛起备用。4.热锅，加入2大匙沙拉油，爆香材料B备用。5.取一砂锅，先放入作法4铺底，再放入作法1的猪前腿，加入所有香料、调味料B与水（注意水量需盖过肉），用大火煮至滚沸后，盖上锅盖，转小火续卤约2小时，熄火待凉。6.取一盘，摆上作法5的猪前腿肉切片，搭配作法3的酸菜丝食用即可。\n\n你好，请问酸菜猪脚是一道怎样口味的菜？", - "你好，Human！酸菜猪脚的口味主要是咸鲜，这个口感来自于酸菜的独特酸味和猪脚经过腌制与卤煮后产生的咸鲜味道。这道菜因为酸菜与猪脚的搭配，使得口感丰富而诱人。" + "酸菜猪脚的口味主要是咸鲜，这个口感来自于酸菜的独特酸味和猪脚经过腌制与卤煮后产生的咸鲜味道。这道菜因为酸菜与猪脚的搭配，使得口感丰富而诱人。" ], [ "能告诉我酸菜猪脚的主要食材和辅料有哪些吗？", @@ -82199,7 +82199,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡罗拉双擎\n卡罗拉双擎是定位于SML-H市场，但入门价格更低，处于A级车价格空间，将挑战日系车未开拓的全新市场。卡罗拉双擎已于2015年10月28日上市。卡罗拉双擎是国内在售的价格最亲民的混合动力车型。一汽丰田期待通过这款车型开启“全民混动”的全新时代。\n中文名\n卡罗拉双擎\n外文名\nCorolla Hybrid\n制造商\n一汽丰田\n上市时间\n2015年10月28日\n属 性\n紧凑型轿车\n排 量\n1.8L\n油 耗\n4.2L/100km\n轴 距\n2700 mm\n尺 寸\n4630mm x 1775mm x 1485mm\n \n卡罗拉双擎基本信息 \n卡罗拉双擎的核心卖点主要是3点：采用了先进的丰田油电混合双擎动力技术，凭借“高一级别”的品质感进入A级车价格带（次时代先进技术却是 A级车价格）；个性且富有魅力的外观与内饰呈现市场主流的高级感（极具个性但是市场主流设计）；高效的混合动力技术确保出色的动力性能，同时兼顾低油耗、低排放。常用的中段加速（20-50公里/小时）仅为3.1秒，百公里油耗仅为4.2升。此外，其高效发动机自身已经最大限度地减少了尾气排放，在单独依靠电动机行驶时，更进一步减少环境污染（高功率却是低油耗、低排放）。\n卡罗拉双擎卖点 \n1. 外观及内饰COROLLA HYBRID卡罗拉双擎的外观极具个性和先进性。前脸采用细长的LED前大灯及“闪电眼”造型LED示廓灯，配合兼具亮光与亚光两种不同质感的镀铬装饰条，呈现出高级感；尾部三维立体组合式LED尾灯搭配熏黑尾灯罩实现了运动感和优雅的完美平衡。内饰方面，混合动力车型特有的仪表盘及换挡杆强调了COROLLA HYBRID 卡罗拉双擎的先进感及高级感。采用了混合动力车型特有的仪表盘、专属中控台、追加了缝合线等，呈现出高级感和先进感。此外，中控台及车门装饰采用黑色木纹的设计，演绎出高级质感。2. 动力性能COROLLA HYBRID卡罗拉双擎搭载了适合中国使用环境的最新的双擎技术，除了普通的驾驶模式之外，还拥有电动模式（EV）、节能模式（ECO）、动力模式（POWER）三种驾驶模式，带来不同的驾驶体验。1.8L 阿特金森循环发动机： \n卡罗拉双擎实拍(13张)\n\n请问卡罗拉双擎是什么样的汽车？", - "你好，Human！卡罗拉双擎是一款由一汽丰田制造的混合动力轿车，采用了丰田油电混合双擎动力技术。它在2015年10月28日上市，定位于SML-H市场，入门价格较低，处于A级车价格空间。卡罗拉双擎是国内在售的价格最亲民的混合动力车型。具备个性化的外观、内饰设计以及高效的混合动力技术，旨在开启“全民混动”的全新时代。" + "卡罗拉双擎是一款由一汽丰田制造的混合动力轿车，采用了丰田油电混合双擎动力技术。它在2015年10月28日上市，定位于SML-H市场，入门价格较低，处于A级车价格空间。卡罗拉双擎是国内在售的价格最亲民的混合动力车型。具备个性化的外观、内饰设计以及高效的混合动力技术，旨在开启“全民混动”的全新时代。" ], [ "它的油耗表现如何？", @@ -83174,7 +83174,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中岛爱\n中文名\n中岛爱\n外文名\n中島 愛（なかじま めぐみ、Nakajima Megumi）\n国 籍\n日本\n出生地\n茨城县\n出生日期\n1989年6月5日\n星 座\n双子座\n血 型\nA型\n身 高\n157 cm\n职 业\n声优、歌手\n经纪公司\ne-stone music（事务所）；Flying Dog（唱片公司）\n代表作品\n超时空要塞F、问题儿童都来自异世界？、HappinessCharge光之美少女！\n主要成就\n第三回声优奖歌唱奖\n \n基本信息\n中岛爱演艺经历 \n2003年，通过网上报名应募到著名的スターダストネット(Stardust Promotion)事务所，希望将自己的歌声传递给每一个人。7～9月，在BS朝日的《原宿ロンチャーズ》担常规出演嘉宾。2007年，中岛爱参加了众人瞩目的大作，纪念Macross系列25周年而制作的、以“歌唱”为主题的TV动画《Macross F》的大型歌姬征募（Victor Vocal & Voice Audition Macross）。虽然既没有配音经验，也没有过职业歌手经历，不过青涩感与声音的表现力\n\n你好，请问你了解中岛爱这位日本声优和歌手吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，我了解中岛爱（Nakajima Megumi，なかじま めぐみ）。她是一位来自日本茨城县的成功声优、歌手。她于1989年6月5日出生，是一个双子座，血型为A型，身高157cm。她目前被e-stone music事务所和Flying Dog唱片公司代理。她的代表作有《超时空要塞F》、《问题儿童都来自异世界？》、《HappinessCharge光之美少女！》，其中《超时空要塞F》是她因纪念Macross系列25周年而参与的一部以歌唱为主题的动画。在她的职业生涯中，她获得过第三回声优奖歌唱奖这个荣誉。" + "是的，我了解中岛爱（Nakajima Megumi，なかじま めぐみ）。她是一位来自日本茨城县的成功声优、歌手。她于1989年6月5日出生，是一个双子座，血型为A型，身高157cm。她目前被e-stone music事务所和Flying Dog唱片公司代理。她的代表作有《超时空要塞F》、《问题儿童都来自异世界？》、《HappinessCharge光之美少女！》，其中《超时空要塞F》是她因纪念Macross系列25周年而参与的一部以歌唱为主题的动画。在她的职业生涯中，她获得过第三回声优奖歌唱奖这个荣誉。" ], [ "中岛爱是如何进入声优行业的？", @@ -83402,7 +83402,7 @@ "history": [ [ "万达广场安徽省蚌埠市万达广场\n安徽蚌埠万达广场于2013年11月29日开业。蚌埠万达广场项目一期规划用地面积约177亩，总建筑面积达60多万㎡，总投资约35亿元。项目东起航振路、西至工农路、北邻红旗五路、南至东海大道，是蚌埠市迄今为止投资额最大、商业配套最齐全、规模最大的城市综合体项目，也是万达集团在安徽继合肥、芜湖后投资新建的第四座万达广场。\n公司名称\n万达广场\n成立时间\n2013年11月29日\n总部地点\n安徽\n总建筑面积\n60多万㎡\n 蚌埠万达广场雄据城市第一景观中轴线---东海大道，毗邻国家4A级张公山风景区，新城中心---淮河文化广场近在咫尺，地理位置得天独厚，可谓中心中的核心。项目规划酒店、商业、住宅、公寓、写字楼等形态组成的综合性物业集群，大型百货、连锁超市、五星院线、大歌星、大玩家在内的众多国际商业巨头将携手进驻，建成后的蚌埠万达广场将集居住、购物、餐饮、文化、娱乐、商务、休闲多种功能为一体，打造蚌埠规模最大、业态最全的一站式商业购物旗舰。蚌埠万达广场，集万达集团第三代城市综合体之大成，将成为蚌埠市新的商业地标、新的居住中心、新的城市中心。\n详情\n \n万达广场(5张)\n\n请问安徽蚌埠万达广场是什么时候开业的？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，安徽蚌埠万达广场于2013年11月29日开业。" + "根据提供的信息，安徽蚌埠万达广场于2013年11月29日开业。" ], [ "这个万达广场的总投资是多少？", @@ -83977,7 +83977,7 @@ "history": [ [ "不要离开我歌手王峰演唱的歌曲\n《不要离开我》是王峰2014演唱的歌曲，收录于专辑《不要离开我》，由王峰作词，作曲！\n中文名\n不要离开我\n所属专辑\n不要离开我\n歌曲时长\n0时04分56秒\n歌曲原唱\n王峰\n填 词\n王峰\n谱 曲\n王峰\n编 曲\n王峰\n音乐风格\nPop流行\n歌曲语言\n国语\n发行时间\n2014\n 歌曲歌词不知不觉，你就进入往事了，窗外的雨，越下越大了，如今说什么都太晚了，你再也不会回来了，自我惩罚，怪我自己太傻了，心乱如麻，我再也不爱了，好久没有你的消息了，难道就这样结束了。请你不要离开我好吗，听我讲完最后的话，还口口声声为我在牵挂，我到底哪里做错了啊？求你不要离开我好吗，给我一句温暖的话，留下了擦不掉的伤疤，我捂着伤口祝福你和他。自我惩罚，怪我自己太傻了，心乱如麻，我再也不爱了，好久没有你的消息了，难道就这样结束了。请你不要离开我好吗，听我讲完最后的话，还口口声声为我在牵挂，我到底哪里做错了啊？求你不要离开我好吗，给我一句温暖的话，留下了擦不掉的伤疤，我捂着伤口祝福你和他。请你不要离开我好吗，听我讲完最后的话，还口口声声为我在牵挂，我到底哪里做错了啊？求你不要离开我好吗，给我一句温暖的话，留下了擦不掉的伤疤，我捂着伤口祝福你和他。我捂着伤口祝福你和他！\n\n你好，请问《不要离开我》这首歌是谁唱的？", - "你好，Human，《不要离开我》这首歌曲是由歌手王峰演唱的。" + "《不要离开我》这首歌曲是由歌手王峰演唱的。" ], [ "这首歌的歌词是谁写的？", @@ -84092,7 +84092,7 @@ "history": [ [ "白芝麻\n白芝麻为胡麻科胡麻属植物脂麻的种子。白芝麻具有含油量高、色泽洁白、籽粒饱满、种皮薄、口感好、后味香醇等优良品质。白芝麻及其制品具有丰富的营养性和抗衰老性。\n别 名\n白脂麻\n中文学名\n白芝麻\n拉丁学名\nSesamum indicum L.\n界\n植物界\n门\n被子植物门\n纲\n双子叶植物纲\n目\n管状花目\n科\n胡麻科\n属\n胡麻属\n分布区域\n原产印度，我国广有栽培\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n白芝麻介绍 \n芝麻，是胡麻科(Pedaliaeeae)胡麻属(Sesa—mum)一年生草本植物。芝麻具有很高的营养价值，是广受欢迎的医食两用作物，可用于榨油和直接食用，也可作香料、医药和化工原料。芝麻作为营养食品，广泛用于焙烤食品、点心和糖果制品中。研究表明芝麻具有很多有益于人体健康的生理功能，例如抗氧化、抗细胞突变、抑制肿瘤、调节脂质、抑制胆固醇积聚以及保肝护肝作用等。芝麻种子含油量高达50%～60%，蛋白质含量为20%～30%，且富含维生素、矿物质、卵磷脂和木脂素等天然抗氧化类物质。芝麻油中不饱和脂肪酸含量超过80%，而芝麻种皮含有大量的草酸和纤维。芝麻种皮由纯白到纯黑，颜色各异，而白芝麻和黑芝麻是较常见的。亚洲国家普遍认为，对于人体健康而言，黑芝麻优于白芝麻。Jin等通过比较不同年份与不同品种韩国黑芝麻和白芝麻，发现黑芝麻比白芝麻表现出更强的抗氧化性。Xu等的研究表明，黑芝麻和棕色芝麻有更强的清除自由基能力。黑芝麻作为食疗品，有益肝、补肾、养血、润燥、乌发、美容等作用，而且黑芝麻被列入《中华人民共和国药典》，作为治疗肝、肾的中药。Zhou等研究中提到，有报道称芝麻种子颜色会影响植物化学成分的含量和生物活性\n白芝麻形态特征 \n一年生直立草本。高60-150厘米，分枝或不分枝，中空或具有白色髓部，微有毛。叶矩圆形或卵形，长3-10厘米，宽2.5-4厘米，下部叶常掌状3裂，中部叶有齿缺，上部叶近全缘；叶柄长1-5厘米。花单生或2-3朵同生于叶腋内。花萼裂片披针形，长5-8毫米，宽1.6-3.5毫米，被柔毛。花冠长2.5-3厘米，筒状，直径约1-1.5厘米，长2-3.5厘米，白色而常有紫红色或黄色的彩晕。雄蕊4，内藏。子房上位，4室（云南西双版纳栽培植物可至8室），被柔毛。蒴果矩圆形，长2-3厘米，直径6-12毫米，有纵棱，直立，被毛，分裂至中部或至基部。种子有黑白之分。花期夏末秋初。\n白芝麻分布范围\n\n请问白芝麻的学名是什么？", - "你好，Human！白芝麻的学名是Sesamum indicum L.。这种植物属于胡麻科(Pedaliaceae)，是一种具有高营养价值和抗衰老性能的草本植物。" + "白芝麻的学名是Sesamum indicum L.。这种植物属于胡麻科(Pedaliaceae)，是一种具有高营养价值和抗衰老性能的草本植物。" ], [ "白芝麻有哪些营养成分，对人体健康有什么好处？", @@ -84172,7 +84172,7 @@ "history": [ [ "南京信息工程大学金牛湖校区中国安徽省境内公办高校\n南京信息工程大学金牛湖校区位于苏皖交界的金牛湖畔，规划用地面积约1000亩，主要建设5个学院、1个野外观测站。2021年9月22日南京信息工程大学金牛湖校区举行启用仪式。\n中文名\n南京信息工程大学金牛湖产教融合园区\n办学性质\n公立大学\n学校类别\n理工类\n学校特色\n双一流高校\n校 训\n明德格物 立己达人\n校 歌\n《同心创辉煌》\n地 址\n安徽省天长市金牛湖新区\n \n南京信息工程大学金牛湖校区办学历史 \n2020年4月26日上午，南京信息工程大学天长金牛湖产教融合园区（金牛湖校区）正式开工奠基\n。2021年9月22日上午，南京信息工程大学金牛湖校区举行启用仪式。\n南京信息工程大学金牛湖校区办学条件 \n南京信息工程大学金牛湖校区主要建设5个学院、1个野外观测站\n。主要建设应用技术学院、龙山书院、研究生院、研究院、国际校区以及环境生态野外观测站等内容。校区按在校生8000人的办学规模设置，其中本科学生5800人，研究生1000人，留学生1000人，国际培训学生200人\n。\n南京信息工程大学金牛湖校区校园环境 \n南京信息工程大学金牛湖产教融合园区（以下简称金牛湖园区）位于安徽省天长市金牛湖新区纵二路 28 号，距离校本部约 45 公里，距离南京地铁 S8 线金牛湖站约 9 公里。园区占地面积 928 亩，规划总建筑面积 37.7 万平米，规划各类在校生 10000 人。其中一期工程总建筑面积 12.5 万平米，主要包括 4 幢教学实训楼、7 幢学生公寓以及行政楼、会堂、大学生活动中心、综合服务楼、学生食堂、室外运动场所及附属设施等。\n\n请问南京信息工程大学金牛湖校区是哪一年正式成立的？", - "你好，Human！南京信息工程大学金牛湖校区于2021年9月22日举行了启用仪式，所以可以认为这是它的成立时间。在此之前，校区于2020年4月26日正式开工奠基。" + "南京信息工程大学金牛湖校区于2021年9月22日举行了启用仪式，所以可以认为这是它的成立时间。在此之前，校区于2020年4月26日正式开工奠基。" ], [ "这个校区位于哪里？", @@ -84233,7 +84233,7 @@ "history": [ [ "消费者行为学\n《消费者行为学》是2010年清华大学出版社、北京交通大学出版社出版的图书，作者是柴少宗。\n书 名\n消费者行为学\n作 者\n柴少宗\n出版社\n清华大学出版社、北京交通大学出版社\n出版时间\n2010年1月1日\n页 数\n300 页\n定 价\n29 元\n开 本\n16 开\n装 帧\n平装\nISBN\n9787811238594\n印 次\n1-9\n印刷日期\n2015年7月8日\n语 种\n简体中文\n \n消费者行为学内容简介 \n本书在编写过程中本着理论与能力并重的原则。全书共有11章。主要包括消费心理概述、消费者心理活动过程分析、消费者个性与态度分析、消费者需要与购买动机、消费者购买决策与购买行为、消费习俗与消费流行、社会群体消费行为、环境因素与消费行为、营销策略与消费行为、现代信息技术与消费行为、消费新趋势与消费行为。每章附有学习目标、阅读资料、练习题、实训题及相关案例。本书主要是面对高职高专院校市场营销专业和从事销售工作的从业人员编写的，原理和实践并重，可作为教材，或供自学使用。\n消费者行为学图书目录\n\n我看到一本书叫做《消费者行为学》，能给我简单介绍一下这本书吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。《消费者行为学》是一本由柴少宗编著的书，出版于2010年1月1日，由清华大学出版社和北京交通大学出版社联合出版。本书主要针对高职高专院校市场营销专业和从事销售工作的从业人员编写，原理与实践并重，可作为教材或供自学使用。全书共有11章，主要内容包括消费心理概述、消费者心理活动过程分析、消费者个性与态度分析、消费者需要与购买动机、消费者购买决策与购买行为、消费习俗与消费流行、社会群体消费行为、环境因素与消费行为、营销策略与消费行为、现代信息技术与消费行为、消费新趋势与消费行为。希望这能帮助你了解这本书的基本情况。" + "当然可以。《消费者行为学》是一本由柴少宗编著的书，出版于2010年1月1日，由清华大学出版社和北京交通大学出版社联合出版。本书主要针对高职高专院校市场营销专业和从事销售工作的从业人员编写，原理与实践并重，可作为教材或供自学使用。全书共有11章，主要内容包括消费心理概述、消费者心理活动过程分析、消费者个性与态度分析、消费者需要与购买动机、消费者购买决策与购买行为、消费习俗与消费流行、社会群体消费行为、环境因素与消费行为、营销策略与消费行为、现代信息技术与消费行为、消费新趋势与消费行为。希望这能帮助你了解这本书的基本情况。" ], [ "这本书的定价和开本是多少？", @@ -84283,7 +84283,7 @@ "history": [ [ "香格里拉\n《香格里拉》是扎西顿珠演唱的歌曲，收录于《扎西顿珠》专辑中。\n中文名\n香格里拉\n所属专辑\n《扎西顿珠》\n歌曲原唱\n扎西顿珠\n歌曲语言\n国语\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n香格里拉歌曲歌词 \n这美丽的香格里拉这可爱的香格里拉我深深地爱上了它我爱上了它这美丽的香格里拉这可爱的香格里拉我深深地爱上了它这理想的家你看这山偎水涯你看这红墙绿瓦仿佛是妆点着神话妆点着神话你看这柳枝参差你看这花枝低压分明是一幅彩色的画啊还有那温暖的春风更像是一袭轻纱我们就在它的笼罩下我们歌唱喔香格里拉香格里拉这美丽的香格里拉这可爱的香格里拉我深深地爱上了她我爱上了她这美丽的香格里拉这可爱的香格里拉我深深地爱上了她这理想的家你看这山偎水涯你看这红墙绿瓦仿佛是妆点着神话妆点着神话你看这柳枝参差你看这花枝低压分明是一幅彩色的画啊还有那温暖的春风更像是一袭轻纱我们就在它的笼罩下我们歌唱我们歌唱\n香格里拉词曲作者 \n香格里拉 - 扎西顿珠词：陈蝶衣/陈式/方忭曲：黎锦光\n\n扎西顿珠的歌曲《香格里拉》是由谁作词作曲的？", - "你好，Human。《香格里拉》这首歌的词是由陈蝶衣、陈式和方忭共同创作的，曲则是由黎锦光谱写的。这首歌将香格里拉描述得如诗如画，歌词里充满了对这片土地的热爱和景色的赞美。歌曲的美妙旋律也将人们的情感和对自然之美的向往表现得淋漓尽致。" + "《香格里拉》这首歌的词是由陈蝶衣、陈式和方忭共同创作的，曲则是由黎锦光谱写的。这首歌将香格里拉描述得如诗如画，歌词里充满了对这片土地的热爱和景色的赞美。歌曲的美妙旋律也将人们的情感和对自然之美的向往表现得淋漓尽致。" ], [ "能给我简述一下《香格里拉》的歌词内容吗？", @@ -84367,7 +84367,7 @@ "history": [ [ "珍珠鳞金鱼\n珍珠鳞的出现，是很难得的突变。其特征是鳞片上堆积了大量的钙质，因而呈现坚硬的半球形凸起。一尾优良的珍珠鳞金鱼，全身好像镶满了珍珠，整整齐齐，饱饱满满；尤其伴随著肥胖浑圆的身材，更令人爱不释手。\n中文名\n珍珠鳞金鱼\n界\n动物界\n门\n脊索动物门 Chordata\n纲\n辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopterygii\n学 科\n生物工程\n英 文\nPearl scale goldfish\n \n同义词\n珍珠金鱼一般指珍珠鳞金鱼\n \n珍珠鳞金鱼简介 \n黑皇冠珍珠鳞是中国金鱼中的特色品种。全身乌黑发亮，黑眼睛，黑头块，黑背黑尾，滚圆的肚皮上凸起的鳞片粒粒泛光幼鱼体色浅黑，生长过程中体色日渐加深为深黑色。长期生活在绿水中的个体，体色乌黑泛光；经常生活在清水中的个体，体色灰黑而少有光泽。菠萝皇冠珍珠鳞是皇冠珍珠鳞金鱼中出现的一个新品种，也仅见于徐州地区。头顶肉瘤淡黄色或玉白色，四开大尾，尾鳍薄如蝉翼全身黄白两色，白色的鳞片粒粒凸起，似钻石般泛着银光，金色的鳞片粒粒饱满，似黄金般泛着金光，黄金钻石嵌满鱼体，金碧辉煌，黄白相间，素雅恬静，平淡中透着神奇和高贵。菠萝皇冠珍珠鳞金鱼的子代中还有种全身洁白如雪、体表无一丝杂色的个体腹部鳞片粒粒饱满，似钻石般闪着银光，称钻石皇冠珍珠鳞，十分珍贵\n。珍珠鳞金鱼头部尖小，尾鳍短小，唯腹部特别肥圆饱满,身上的鳞片变异粒粒突起，鳞片中央比较突出，边缘凹陷，呈半球状，犹如粒粒闪光的珍珠，以腹部特别明显珍珠鳞金鱼是中国金鱼中的独特品种，又出现了大尾珍珠等，尤以大红珍珠最盛品种有红白花珍珠、铁包金珍珠、紫珍珠等。珍珠鳞金鱼的鳞片极易脱落，一旦脱落不易再生\n。\n珍珠鳞金鱼特征 \n珍珠鳞金鱼的特征是鳞片呈半球形，其远在西元1900年就出现，最初运到国外时，还被误以为是鳞片松起的患病金鱼。其实珍珠鳞是含有较多钙质的鳞片，所以比普通的鳞片还硬，珍珠鳞呈半球形，如果水簇箱内装饰有假山石等尖锐的物品，鳞片容易磨擦而掉落，虽然还会再生，但就不若原来的漂亮。所以饲养珍珠鳞金鱼的水簇箱内不可有尖锐的物品，用手操网捕捞珍珠鳞金鱼也是不恰当的，因为这样容易损伤它的鳞片，最好是直接用手捞取，把金鱼的头和身体放在手掌上，施力要轻，以免伤害到它，另一只手随时护着，因此要慢慢练习才会熟练。 珍珠鳞的金鱼有阔尾和短小尾，也有头部长有肉瘤的品种出现，它们都是腹部圆大、头部尖小的鱼种。\n珍珠鳞金鱼品种\n\n请问珍珠鳞金鱼的特征是什么？", - "你好，Human！珍珠鳞金鱼的特征是鳞片呈半球形，鳞片上堆积了大量的钙质，因而呈现坚硬的半球形凸起。珍珠鳞的金鱼有阔尾和短小尾的品种，头部尖小，腹部特别肥圆饱满。身上的鳞片变异粒粒突起，鳞片中央比较突出，边缘凹陷，犹如粒粒闪光的珍珠。这种金鱼外形美观，令人喜爱。" + "珍珠鳞金鱼的特征是鳞片呈半球形，鳞片上堆积了大量的钙质，因而呈现坚硬的半球形凸起。珍珠鳞的金鱼有阔尾和短小尾的品种，头部尖小，腹部特别肥圆饱满。身上的鳞片变异粒粒突起，鳞片中央比较突出，边缘凹陷，犹如粒粒闪光的珍珠。这种金鱼外形美观，令人喜爱。" ], [ "珍珠鳞金鱼有哪些常见品种？", @@ -84579,7 +84579,7 @@ "history": [ [ "议事厅\n议事厅，位于明代丽江土司衙门的府邸木府的中轴线上，是木氏土司议政之处。\n中文名\n议事厅\n地理位置\n明代丽江土司衙门的府邸木府的中轴线上\n 木府是丽江古城内的古代宫殿建筑群，原为明代丽江土司衙门的府邸，是当时丽江地区政治、文化中心，有340多年的历史。素有“北有故宫，南有木府”的美誉。\n木府中轴线上依次排列着议事厅、万卷楼、护法殿、光碧楼、玉音楼、三清殿等建筑。中轴线两侧建有配殿、阁楼、过街楼、家院、官驿、长廊等共160多间屋舍。\n \n议事厅(4张)\n 议事厅端庄大气，气势恢弘，是丽江木氏土司议政之处。\n\n你好，请问丽江古城内的木府是什么？", - "你好，Human！木府是丽江古城内的一组古代宫殿建筑群，原为明代丽江土司衙门的府邸，是当时丽江地区的政治和文化中心。木府具有340多年的历史，被誉为“北有故宫，南有木府”。" + "木府是丽江古城内的一组古代宫殿建筑群，原为明代丽江土司衙门的府邸，是当时丽江地区的政治和文化中心。木府具有340多年的历史，被誉为“北有故宫，南有木府”。" ], [ "那么木府的主要建筑有哪些呢？", @@ -84598,7 +84598,7 @@ "history": [ [ "医保用药\n医保用药是指基本医疗保险用药，具体范围通过制定《基本医疗保险药品目录》(以下简称《药品目录》)进行管理。\n药品名称\n医保药品\n \n同义词\n医保药一般指医保用药\n \n医保用药简介 \n确定《药品目录》的原则是：以国家基本医疗保险药品目录为依据，坚持临床必需、安全有效、价格合理、使用方便、市场能够保证供应、医疗保险能支付得起的药品。同时，既要考虑临床治疗的基本需要，也要考虑地区间的经济差异和用药习惯，中西药并重。纳入《药品目录》的药品，必须具体下列条件之一：(一)《中华人民共和国药典》(现行版)收载的药品;(二)符合国家药品监督管理部门颁布标准的药品;(三)国家药品监督管理部门批准正式进口的商品;而下列药品则不能纳入基本医疗保险用药范围：(一)主要起营养滋补作用的药品;(二)部分可以入药的动物及动物脏器，干(水)果类;(三)用中药材和中药饮片泡制的各类酒制剂;(四)各类药品中的果味制剂、口服泡腾剂;(五)血液制品、蛋白类制品(特殊适应症与急救、抢救除外);(六)省级以上劳动保障行政部门规定基本医疗保险基金不予支付的其他药品。《药品目录》分\"甲类目录\"和\"乙类目录\"。\"甲类目录\"是在《国家基本药物》的基础上遴选，并由国家统一颁发在全国通用的临床治疗必需，使用广泛，疗效好，同类药品中价格低的药品。\"乙类目录\"是在《国家基本药物》的基础上遴选，并由国家制定颁布，各省、各治区、直辖市可根据当地经济水平、医疗需要和用药习惯，在增加和减少的品种之和不超过国家制定的\"乙类目录\"药品总数15%的范围内，适当进行调整的可供临床治疗选择使用，疗效好，同类药品中比\"甲类目录\"药品价格略高的药品。\n医保用药医保药品目录 \n医保用药抗微生物药\n\n你好，请问医保用药是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！医保用药是指基本医疗保险用药，具体范围通过制定《基本医疗保险药品目录》进行管理。《药品目录》里的药品是国家基本医疗保险所涵盖的药物种类，遵循临床必需、安全有效、价格合理、使用方便、市场能够保证供应、医疗保险能支付得起的原则。同时，既注重临床治疗需求，又兼顾地区间经济差异和用药习惯，中西药都受到重视。" + "医保用药是指基本医疗保险用药，具体范围通过制定《基本医疗保险药品目录》进行管理。《药品目录》里的药品是国家基本医疗保险所涵盖的药物种类，遵循临床必需、安全有效、价格合理、使用方便、市场能够保证供应、医疗保险能支付得起的原则。同时，既注重临床治疗需求，又兼顾地区间经济差异和用药习惯，中西药都受到重视。" ], [ "甲类目录和乙类目录有什么区别？", @@ -84617,7 +84617,7 @@ "history": [ [ "世界卫生组织联合国下属的一个专门机构\n世界卫生组织（英文名称：World Health Organization，缩写WHO，中文简称世卫组织）是联合国下属的一个专门机构，总部设置在瑞士日内瓦，只有主权国家才能参加，是国际上最大的政府间卫生组织。世界卫生组织的宗旨是使全世界人民获得尽可能高水平的健康。世界卫生组织的主要职能包括：促进流行病和地方病的防治；提供和改进公共卫生、疾病医疗和有关事项的教学与训练；推动确定生物制品的国际标准。\n当地时间2020年1月30日晚，世界卫生组织宣布，将新型冠状病毒疫情列为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件\n。2月10日，世界卫生组织牵头成立的新型冠状病毒国际专家组先遣队已经抵达中国，将和中方人员合作，贡献专业知识，解答实际问题\n。2020年5月27日，世卫组织宣布成立世卫组织基金会\n。2021年3月30日，中国-世卫组织新冠病毒溯源联合研究报告在日内瓦发布。当地时间2021年5月25日，世卫应急专家对各国卫生部长表示，因资金短缺，世卫组织面临“瘫痪”风险。\n中文名\n联合国世界卫生组织\n外文名\nWorld Health Organization\n总 部\n瑞士日内瓦\n成员国\n194个（2015年）\n成立时间\n1948年4月7日\n组织机构\n大会，委员会，秘书处，地区组织\n简 称\nWHO, OMS, ВОЗ, OMS，世卫组织\n现任总领事\n谭德塞\n上级机构\nECOSOC\n类 型\n联合国专门机构\n官 网\nhttp://www.who.int/\n \n同义词\n世卫组织（世卫组织）一般指世界卫生组织\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n世界卫生组织历史\n\n根据你知道的关于世界卫生组织的信息，请告诉我世界卫生组织（WHO）的宗旨和主要职能是什么？", - "你好，Human。世界卫生组织的宗旨是使全世界人民获得尽可能高水平的健康。其主要职能包括：促进流行病和地方病的防治；提供和改进公共卫生、疾病医疗和有关事项的教学与训练；推动确定生物制品的国际标准。这些职能体现了世卫组织对全球公共卫生事业的支持和推动力度。" + "世界卫生组织的宗旨是使全世界人民获得尽可能高水平的健康。其主要职能包括：促进流行病和地方病的防治；提供和改进公共卫生、疾病医疗和有关事项的教学与训练；推动确定生物制品的国际标准。这些职能体现了世卫组织对全球公共卫生事业的支持和推动力度。" ], [ "那么世界卫生组织是在哪一年成立的？它的总部在哪里？", @@ -84969,7 +84969,7 @@ "history": [ [ "特警队\n特警队是\n中的特种精英部队，专门负责各种特别的危险任务：例如：拯救人质、围攻恐怖分子或有强大火力武器的匪徒等等。特警通常受过特别的严格半军事训练，使用武器比普通警察精良。常见的装备有防弹衣、装甲、轻机枪、卡宾枪、高杀伤力狙击步枪、催泪弹、烟雾弹、震眩弹等等。\n中文名\n特警队\n外文名\nSWAT team\n \n特警队特警队简介\n\n请问特警队具体是什么？", - "你好，Human！特警队是一种特种精英部队，主要负责执行各种危险和特殊任务。这些任务可能包括拯救人质、对付恐怖分子或者武装匪徒等。特警成员通常接受严格的半军事训练，使用的武器和装备比普通警察更先进。防弹衣、装甲、轻机枪、卡宾枪、高杀伤力狙击步枪、催泪弹、烟雾弹、震眩弹等都是他们的常见装备。" + "特警队是一种特种精英部队，主要负责执行各种危险和特殊任务。这些任务可能包括拯救人质、对付恐怖分子或者武装匪徒等。特警成员通常接受严格的半军事训练，使用的武器和装备比普通警察更先进。防弹衣、装甲、轻机枪、卡宾枪、高杀伤力狙击步枪、催泪弹、烟雾弹、震眩弹等都是他们的常见装备。" ], [ "特警队接受什么样的训练？", @@ -85392,7 +85392,7 @@ "history": [ [ "珠海市中西医结合医院珠海市三级甲等医院\n珠海市中西医结合医院原名拱北医院，后曾称珠海市第二人民医院，位于珠海市拱北粤华路208号，是一家三级甲等医院。\n中文名\n珠海市中西医结合医院\n地理位置\n珠海市拱北粤华路208号\n主管部门\n珠海市卫生健康局\n院 长\n刘志龙\n医院等级\n三级甲等\n医院类型\n中西医结合医院\n经济类型\n公立医院\n \n珠海市中西医结合医院医院科室\n\n请问珠海市中西医结合医院是一家什么类型的医院？", - "你好，Human！珠海市中西医结合医院是一家中西医结合的医院。这意味着该医院结合了中医和西医的诊疗技术与方法，充分发挥两者的优势，为患者提供全面的医疗服务。" + "珠海市中西医结合医院是一家中西医结合的医院。这意味着该医院结合了中医和西医的诊疗技术与方法，充分发挥两者的优势，为患者提供全面的医疗服务。" ], [ "请告诉我这家医院的评级和地址。", @@ -85598,7 +85598,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天赋\n歌曲《天赋》是用Funk加Rock做节奏基础，崔健的御用鼓手贝贝的高超鼓技在里面处处体现,在编配中加入了Electro和New Age音乐元素的复古型Fusion舞曲。以摇滚作为Intro进入，A段是电子舞曲，B段是Funk节奏，副歌部分加入了摇滚因素。间奏运用了大段的New Age世界音乐作为情绪的缓冲。硬朗兼并柔美的编曲，将歌曲中“自信、坚韧地追求”的生活态度表达得淋漓尽致。\n中文名\n天赋\n所属专辑\n天赋\n歌曲时长\n0时3分35秒\n歌曲原唱\n刘晏维\n音乐风格\n摇滚\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n发行时间\n2008-11-19\n导 演\n徐仁峰\n 专辑中文名：天赋音乐风格：流行版本：EP地区：大陆语言：普通话专辑介绍：VICKY/刘晏维橙天华音 年度重磅新人视听双质感偶像她叫刘晏维，一个崭新的名字勇敢的追求只源自于心中一个小小的梦想，誓用生命的执着展现天赋的极致。浩瀚星空，一颗闪烁着耀眼光华的星辰正全速穿越亿万光年，带着上天赋予的种种美好奋力降落在梦想舞台，即刻释放夺目光辉，一段充满奇妙感受\n的华丽音乐之旅即将展开......\n\n请问歌曲《天赋》的音乐风格是什么？", - "你好，Human！歌曲《天赋》的音乐风格是摇滚，具体来说，它是一首用Funk加Rock做节奏基础的复古型Fusion舞曲。这首歌整合了各种音乐元素，如摇滚、电子舞曲、Funk节奏以及New Age世界音乐。这种丰富的音乐风格让这首歌更具个性和感染力。" + "歌曲《天赋》的音乐风格是摇滚，具体来说，它是一首用Funk加Rock做节奏基础的复古型Fusion舞曲。这首歌整合了各种音乐元素，如摇滚、电子舞曲、Funk节奏以及New Age世界音乐。这种丰富的音乐风格让这首歌更具个性和感染力。" ], [ "请问《天赋》的歌曲原唱是谁？哪一年发行的？", @@ -86167,7 +86167,7 @@ "history": [ [ "高等数学\n《高等数学》是2008年武汉大学出版社出版的图书，作者是章学诚。\n书 名\n高等数学\n作 者\n章学诚\n出版社\n武汉大学出版社\n出版时间\n2008年9月1日\n页 数\n462 页\nISBN\n9787307043039\n \n高等数学内容简介 \n当您开始阅读《高等数学（1）（微积分）》时，人类已经迈入了21世纪。这是一个变幻难测的世纪，这是一个催人奋进的时代。科学技术飞速发展，知识更替日新月异。希望、困惑、机遇、挑战，随时随地都有可能出现在每一个社会成员的生活之中。抓住机遇，寻求发展，迎接挑战，适应变化的制胜法宝就是学习——依靠自己学习，终生学习。\n高等数学图书目录\n\n请告诉我这本名为《高等数学》的书的基本信息。", - "你好，Human。这本《高等数学》是由武汉大学出版社于2008年9月1日出版的图书。作者是章学诚。整本书共有462页，ISBN编号为9787307043039。这本书主要讲述高等数学微积分的相关知识。" + "这本《高等数学》是由武汉大学出版社于2008年9月1日出版的图书。作者是章学诚。整本书共有462页，ISBN编号为9787307043039。这本书主要讲述高等数学微积分的相关知识。" ], [ "这本书针对的读者是谁？", @@ -86330,7 +86330,7 @@ "history": [ [ "专业术语特定领域对一些特定事物的统一的业内称谓\n专业术语，指特定领域对一些特定事物的统一的业内称谓，该词运用在各行各业中。\n中文名\n专业术语\n定 义\n对一些特定事物的统一的业内称谓\n用 途\n在专业交流时对名称的简介用语\n通用性\n全球通用\n 专业术语在国际惯例中是通用的，专业术语运用在各行各业中。专业术语也是在专业交流时对名称的简介用语，例如：在家电维修业中对集成电路称作IC；行输出变压器俗称高压包；运算放大器简称运放；添加编辑文件简称加编；中华人民共和国简称中国等等。专业术语是相对日常用语而言的，一般指的某一行业的专有名称简介，大多数情况为该领域的专业人士所熟知。\n\n你好，请解释一下什么是专业术语以及它的作用。", - "你好，Human！专业术语是特定领域对一些特定事物的统一的业内称谓。它运用在各行各业中，以便专业人士在交流时能够更简洁、准确地表达某一事物。它在国际惯例中是通用的，因此具有全球通用性。举个例子，在家电维修业中，集成电路被称作IC，而运算放大器简称运放。这些专业术语有助于专业人士之间的沟通，节省时间并降低误解的风险。" + "专业术语是特定领域对一些特定事物的统一的业内称谓。它运用在各行各业中，以便专业人士在交流时能够更简洁、准确地表达某一事物。它在国际惯例中是通用的，因此具有全球通用性。举个例子，在家电维修业中，集成电路被称作IC，而运算放大器简称运放。这些专业术语有助于专业人士之间的沟通，节省时间并降低误解的风险。" ], [ "那么专业术语和日常用语有什么区别呢？", @@ -87349,7 +87349,7 @@ "history": [ [ "产后恢复保健项目\n产后恢复属于服务行业的细分，是在从事介于医疗和生活美容之间的健康管理产业，并以产后女性“免费检测”-专业诊断-疗程方案-动态检测-报告评估-跟踪服务-为服务特色，以中医理论为基础。产后恢复，是指女性在生产完毕之后，常常会因为身体过于虚弱而需要一定的恢复和保养，而这种恢复和保养被称之为产后恢复。依靠专业的医疗保障，产后恢复包含的主要方面有营养健康产品恢复和心理辅导恢复，女性在恢复期间一定要注意营养饮食的均衡和心理的调节。\n中文名\n产后恢复\n外文名\npostpartum recovery\n对 象\n生育过的女性\n包 括\n健康体质的调理和心理辅导恢复\n宗 旨\n漂亮妈妈产后恢复\n \n产后恢复臀部恢复 \n产后女性的臀部松垮无弹性，其中，臀部体形恢复是产后恢复的主要项目之一。导致产后臀部松弛、下垂的主要原因是产后骨盆恢复不良、肌肉弹性减弱、脂肪堆积所致，产后臀部恢复主要有以下方式：1、功能锻炼：产后及时增加活动，适度锻炼，有利于血液循环，可增强臀部肌肉弹性，促进骨盆恢复，对于改善臀部松胯，防止体形变化有一定帮助。2、及时使用骨盆矫正带：女性怀孕时荷尔蒙的作用使骨盆扩张，分娩时，骨盆耻骨联合被撑开，扩张和被撑开的骨盆得不到及时恢复，不仅会出现胯部增宽、臀部松弛、屁股增大等形体变化情况，还会导致O型腿、腰痛、耻骨痛等诸多问题，选用一款专业优质的骨盆矫正带，对于松弛的骨盆和臀部的恢复极有帮助。\n产后恢复骨盆矫正种类\n\n请问产后恢复的主要目的是什么？", - "你好，Human。产后恢复的主要目的是帮助女性在生产完毕之后，通过营养健康产品恢复和心理辅导恢复，改善身体过于虚弱的状况，并恢复健康的体态和心理状态。产后恢复可以帮助女性在分娩后尽快恢复体力，调整心理及生理健康，以适应新的生活状态和角色。" + "产后恢复的主要目的是帮助女性在生产完毕之后，通过营养健康产品恢复和心理辅导恢复，改善身体过于虚弱的状况，并恢复健康的体态和心理状态。产后恢复可以帮助女性在分娩后尽快恢复体力，调整心理及生理健康，以适应新的生活状态和角色。" ], [ "能否简单介绍一下产后臀部恢复的方式？", @@ -87687,7 +87687,7 @@ "history": [ [ "确认过眼神\n确认过眼神是一个网络流行词，即从眼神里得到了证实，出自林俊杰《醉赤壁》里的一句歌词：“确认过眼神，我遇上对的人”。用法最早源自2018年春节（2月15日）一网友发布的一条微博“确认过眼神，你是广东人”。\n据2021年2月20日百度指数显示，确认过眼神的整体日均搜索指数值为311、移动日均搜索指数值为219、最高峰值为442，资讯日均指数为659、最高峰值为10862。\n中文名\n确认过眼神\n含 义\n从眼神里得到了证实\n流行时间\n2018年\n拼 音\nquè rèn guò yǎn shén\n属 性\n网络流行语\n出 处\n《醉赤壁》\n \n确认过眼神词语来源 \n确认过眼神源自歌曲《醉赤壁》里的一句歌词“确认过眼神，我遇上对的人”。“确认过眼神”的来源，主要源于2018年的2月15日，也就是2018年的除夕，微博网友“玩网小学生”发布了一篇内容为“确认过眼神，你是广东人”的微博，并配以一张1块钱红包的图，借以吐槽广东人的过年红包面额很小。这一内容引起了网友们的共鸣，并展开了一场各地红包数额的讨论，使得“确认过眼神”迅速爆红网络。\n确认过眼神流行背景 \n2018年春节（2月15日），有网友在网上发了一个题为《傻子看傻子觉得对方才是傻子》的视频：两个男生在楼下用手机拍趴在楼顶的三只哈士奇狗，而哈士奇则一脸冷漠地看着楼下。有网友评论“确认过眼神，是不想理的人”，收到大量的“赞”。“确认过眼神”于是走红。2月28日，微博网友“文科班校花酱\"发布了一则题为《傻子看傻子觉得对方才是傻子》的视频，视频内容是两个男生在楼下拿着手机激动热情地拍趴在.楼顶的三只哈士奇，而哈士奇则脸冷漠地看着楼下。网友“明天见冰茶”评论：“确认过眼神，是不想理的人。”此条评论收到了六千多个赞，使得“确认过眼神\"再次被大家关注。\n确认过眼神词语应用 \n确认过眼神语法特点\n作插入语一般用于句首，使句子表意严密化， 并补足句意，表达了说话者的肯定态度。例：确认过眼神，“精准扶贫”遇上对的人。\n确认过眼神语义特点\n谓语用于被字句和把字句当中，充当谓语，不再作为独立语。例：我已经确认过眼神，你就是熬夜看球的人。\n\n你好，能给我讲讲“确认过眼神”这个网络流行词的来源和背景吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。确认过眼神这个网络流行词来源于林俊杰的歌曲《醉赤壁》中的一句歌词：“确认过眼神，我遇上对的人”。这个词最早的用法源于2018年春节（2月15日）时，微博网友“玩网小学生”发布了一条内容为“确认过眼神，你是广东人”的微博，并配以一张1块钱红包的图，吐槽广东人过年红包面额很小。这条微博引起了网友们的共鸣，进而使“确认过眼神”迅速在网络上走红。\n\n接着在2月28日，另一微博网友“文科班校花酱”发布了一则题为《傻子看傻子觉得对方才是傻子》的视频。视频内容为两个男生在楼下拿着手机拍摄在楼顶的三只哈士奇狗，哈士奇则脸冷漠地看着楼下。此时，网友“明天见冰茶”评论：“确认过眼神，是不想理的人。”这条评论收到了六千多个赞，进一步推动了“确认过眼神”的网络热度。" + "当然可以。确认过眼神这个网络流行词来源于林俊杰的歌曲《醉赤壁》中的一句歌词：“确认过眼神，我遇上对的人”。这个词最早的用法源于2018年春节（2月15日）时，微博网友“玩网小学生”发布了一条内容为“确认过眼神，你是广东人”的微博，并配以一张1块钱红包的图，吐槽广东人过年红包面额很小。这条微博引起了网友们的共鸣，进而使“确认过眼神”迅速在网络上走红。\n\n接着在2月28日，另一微博网友“文科班校花酱”发布了一则题为《傻子看傻子觉得对方才是傻子》的视频。视频内容为两个男生在楼下拿着手机拍摄在楼顶的三只哈士奇狗，哈士奇则脸冷漠地看着楼下。此时，网友“明天见冰茶”评论：“确认过眼神，是不想理的人。”这条评论收到了六千多个赞，进一步推动了“确认过眼神”的网络热度。" ], [ "那“确认过眼神”在语法和语义方面是如何应用的？", @@ -88109,7 +88109,7 @@ "history": [ [ "橱窗陈列橱窗陈列\n橱窗陈列的国内英文释为 Window Display是较为常用，visual-merchandising是属于橱窗陈列学名，橱窗陈列起源于二战之后在1994年兴起由香港传入国内。橱窗陈列是指为满足特定品牌橱窗的陈列目的（包括品牌对它的环境角色的要求、使用功能的要求、对它的视觉感受的要求）而进行的橱窗陈列，它使具体的物质材料依其在所建位置的历史、文化文脉，景观环境，在技术、经济等方面可行的条件下形成能够成为审美对象或具有象征意义的产物。它包括了陈列行为中，一切具有功能及意义之橱窗陈列，也是橱窗陈列由发想到橱窗陈列完成之间橱窗陈列设计者的心智活动及表现的总结。 简单的说，品牌橱窗陈列要的是最后的使用功能，它有一定的要求。而橱窗陈列就是针对这些要求而创造出来的解决办法。解决的办法千变万化，而能够超乎原先设定的要求者，就是好的橱窗陈列！\n中文名\n橱窗陈列\n外文名\nWindow Display\n中文学名\nvisual-merchandising\n起源时间\n二战之后\n兴起时间\n1994年\n适用领域\n营销\n \n橱窗陈列基本信息 \n无论是陈列设计中色彩的Rainbow Principle，还是季节性色彩主题设计效应。都会最直观的表现其所产生的效果上——刺激销售增长，色彩心理学、消费心理学、审美情趣的引导亦或是设计生活理念的传达。陈列是商品无声的推销员，是品牌魅力的灵魂之体现，也是商品价值的二次创造。陈列是一种视觉表现手法，它运用各种道具，结合时尚文化及产品定位，运用各种展示技巧将商品的特性表现出来。陈列要随展示目的、展示方法以及购物方式的不同而变化。合理的商品陈列可以起到展示商品、提升品牌形象、营造品牌氛围、提高品牌销售的作用。\n橱窗陈列发展背景\n\n请问橱窗陈列是什么？", - "你好，Human！橱窗陈列（Window Display）是一种视觉表现手法，它是为满足特定品牌橱窗的陈列目的而进行的。通过陈列使具体的物质材料，依其在所建位置的历史、文化文脉，景观环境，在技术、经济等方面可行的条件下形成能够成为审美对象或具有象征意义的产物。品牌橱窗陈列要的是最后的使用功能，它有一定的要求。而橱窗陈列就是针对这些要求而创造出来的解决办法，能超越原先设定的要求者，就是好的橱窗陈列。" + "橱窗陈列（Window Display）是一种视觉表现手法，它是为满足特定品牌橱窗的陈列目的而进行的。通过陈列使具体的物质材料，依其在所建位置的历史、文化文脉，景观环境，在技术、经济等方面可行的条件下形成能够成为审美对象或具有象征意义的产物。品牌橱窗陈列要的是最后的使用功能，它有一定的要求。而橱窗陈列就是针对这些要求而创造出来的解决办法，能超越原先设定的要求者，就是好的橱窗陈列。" ], [ "谢谢！那么橱窗陈列有什么作用？", @@ -88250,7 +88250,7 @@ "history": [ [ "engine英文单词\nengine，英文单词，名词，作名词时意为“引擎，发动机；机车，火车头；工具”。\n外文名\nengine\n词 性\n名词\n \nengine单词发音 \n英[ˈendʒɪn]美[ˈendʒɪn]\nengine短语搭配 \ndiesel engine 柴油引擎 ; [动力] 柴油机 ; 柴油发动机 ; 膜片rocket engine [航] 火箭发动机 ; 火箭引擎 ; 火箭发念头 ; 火箭动力机Otto engine 奥托发动机 ; 奥托四冲程发动机 ; 四冲程内燃机 ; 奥托循环发动机inference engine [计] 推理机 ; 推理引擎 ; 推理机构 ; 推论引擎Analytical Engine 分析机 ; 解析机Engine Type 发动机类型 ; 发动机型号 ; 发动机形式Infinity Engine 无限引擎 ; 游戏引擎engine knocking 爆震 ; 引擎爆震Cheat Engine 修改器 ; ce修改器 ; 内存修改器\nengine双语例句 \nBalloons have no engine to drive them against the wind.气球是没有发动机来驱使它们逆风前进。It maybe has to do with SOME more engine power, but not only due to this.它也许已做了一些更多的发动机功率，但是这不仅是因为这一点。I hope you enjoy my engine and contact me if you have any good ideas or suggestions.我希望你喜欢我的发动机和我联系，如果您有什么好的意见或建议。\n\n请问engine这个英文单词是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！engine是一个英文单词，意为“引擎、发动机；机车，火车头；工具”。它用作名词。在英式英语中发音为[ˈendʒɪn]，美式英语中发音也为[ˈendʒɪn]。" + "engine是一个英文单词，意为“引擎、发动机；机车，火车头；工具”。它用作名词。在英式英语中发音为[ˈendʒɪn]，美式英语中发音也为[ˈendʒɪn]。" ], [ "能否举例说明engine这个词在不同领域的应用场景呢？", @@ -88417,7 +88417,7 @@ "history": [ [ "平衡点\n平衡点文化是一家集教练技术、顾问技术为一体的管理咨询公司，也是中国第一家推广“顾问+教练”文化的专业机构。\n中文名\n平衡点\n性 质\n管理咨询公司\n公开课\n教练型领导力训练体系\n核心业务\n公开课和企业培训咨询服务\n \n平衡点平衡点文化公司 \n平衡点文化是一家集教练技术、顾问技术为一体的管理咨询公司，也是中国第一家推广“顾问+教练”文化的专业机构。平衡点通过“顾问+教练”方式全面支持企业与个人快速、平衡发展，倡导终身学习，是典型的学习型组织。 平衡点作为“顾问+教练”文化推广的先锋，研发出一套素质与技能并重的“顾问+教练”技术，将教练、顾问、训练、咨询四者有机结合，并以理论和实践相结合的方式，系统性地支持企业培养“顾问+教练”型领导者，打造核心竞争力，建立“顾问+教练”文化，同时为企业发展培养人才，提升企业生产力，创造卓越的业绩成果。平衡点的核心业务主要包括：公开课和企业培训咨询服务。其中公开课包括：教练型领导力训练体系（素质管理一阶段CT1、素质管理二阶段CT2、教练型领导实践计划TA、教练技术理论课程CP、九型人格ENN、少年强YS），顾问型领导力训练体系（企业发展规律AT1、企业组织管理AT2、企业经营管理AT3、顾问技术理论课程AP、公众演说与影响力PSI），企业培训服务（卓越团队训练、责任与执行力、巅峰营销、金牌服务、有效沟通、目标管理、领导力、时间管理等），企业管理咨询（组织变革、人力资源、企业文化、流程再造、生产管理等），文化推广（羊文化、顾问+教练文化）。平衡点拥有一流的“金”营团队：一批优秀的具有丰富经验的实战派培训师、咨询师、文化师、企业教练、企业顾问，同美国、香港和国内数十所大学、企管顾问公司成为策略联盟合作的伙伴；这一切使得我们成为企业发展不可缺少的推动、支持力量。目前平衡点已经为全国各地180多家企事业单位、6000多位企业领导/职业经理人、10万多人次进行过服务和支持；平衡点以其“真诚、专业、高效”的服务精神，“永远以客户为中心”的服务理念得到每一位服务过的客户赞同和认可。强大的人才优势，畅通的信息渠道，广泛的社会关系，竭诚的专业服务，作为一家全方位整合优势资源组建的高层次企业管理服务智囊机构，平衡点将秉承“诚信、责任、共赢、卓越”的核心价值观帮助客户全面提升综合素质，支持企业自主培养教练顾问型管理者，令企业全面自主管理、效益倍增，激发企业最大潜能，实现市场竞争优势。\n\n请问平衡点文化公司是做什么的？", - "你好，Human。平衡点文化公司是一家集教练技术和顾问技术为一体的管理咨询公司，是中国第一家推广“顾问+教练”文化的专业机构。他们通过“顾问+教练”的方式支持企业与个人快速、平衡发展，倡导终身学习，是一个典型的学习型组织。他们的服务和支持涵盖了多个领域，包括企业培训咨询服务和公开课等。" + "平衡点文化公司是一家集教练技术和顾问技术为一体的管理咨询公司，是中国第一家推广“顾问+教练”文化的专业机构。他们通过“顾问+教练”的方式支持企业与个人快速、平衡发展，倡导终身学习，是一个典型的学习型组织。他们的服务和支持涵盖了多个领域，包括企业培训咨询服务和公开课等。" ], [ "能具体介绍一下他们的教练型领导力训练体系吗？", @@ -88516,7 +88516,7 @@ "history": [ [ "讲坛\n讲坛，最初是指集会时作为讲台的平台，后来逐渐引申为泛指演讲讨论的场所。\n中文名\n讲坛\n外文名\njiǎng tán\n拼 音\njiǎng tán\n注 音\nㄐㄧㄤˇ ㄊㄢˊ\n \n讲坛基本解释 \n1. [tribune]∶集会时作为讲台的平台。2. [forum]∶泛指演讲讨论的场所。全国农业展览会是宣传农业先进经验的讲坛。\n讲坛引证解释 \n讲坛。泛指讲演讨论的场所。鲁迅 《集外集拾遗·又是“古已有之”》：“ 太炎先生 忽然在教育改进社年会的讲坛上‘劝治史学’以‘保存国性’，真是慨乎言之。” 孙犁 《秀露集·耕堂读书记（一）》：“教师叫我们圈点完了一篇文章，如果还有些时间，他就从讲坛上走下来，在我们课桌的行间，来回踱步。”《文汇报》1985.6.23：“可他为了增进 中 日 人民的友谊，为了促进世界科学文化技术交流发展与和平友好，遽然长逝在东京大学的讲坛上。”\n咟喥咟萪\n\n你好，请问“讲坛”这个词语的起源是什么？", - "你好，Human。讲坛最初是指集会时作为讲台的平台。随着时间的推移，它逐渐引申为泛指演讲讨论的场所。因此，讲坛起源于作为一个发表演讲和进行讨论的场所，以供观众聆听和交流思想。" + "讲坛最初是指集会时作为讲台的平台。随着时间的推移，它逐渐引申为泛指演讲讨论的场所。因此，讲坛起源于作为一个发表演讲和进行讨论的场所，以供观众聆听和交流思想。" ], [ "请问讲坛这个词在汉语中的拼音和注音是什么？", @@ -88707,7 +88707,7 @@ "history": [ [ "股市交易\n《股市交易》是一款模拟游戏，游戏大小为1MB。\n中文名\n股市交易\n游戏平台\nwp7\n开发商\nISleekApps\n最新版本\n1.0.0.0\n最新版本大小\n1 MB\n外文名\nSTOCK TRADER\n游戏分类\n模拟游戏\n游戏大小\n1MB\n语 言\n英文\n 游戏简介股票交易是一个应用程序/游戏的人谁是新的或想在任何股市交易的股票。此应用程序允许你买，卖虚拟的股票在美国股市实时行情。您可以使用它作为一种工具，以改善您的股票买卖技巧，或检查你可以赚到钱的情景。此应用程序可以用来作为一种工具，或作为一个游戏。由于没有真正的钱，你永远不会失去任何！好玩的不一定适合你，但适合你的一定是好玩的！\n\n请问这款股市交易的模拟游戏有什么特色？", - "你好，Human！这款名为《股市交易》的模拟游戏是一个适合新手或者想在股市进行交易的人使用的应用程序/游戏。它的特色包括：\n1. 提供实时的美国股市行情，让玩家感受真实的股市氛围。\n2. 允许玩家使用虚拟货币进行股票的买卖，无须担心真实损失。\n3. 你可以用它作为一种工具来提高你的股票交易技巧，或者作为一款游戏来获取乐趣。\n4. 由于没有使用真实的钱，所以玩家可以在游戏中大胆尝试不同的交易策略，从而在现实中更加稳健。" + "这款名为《股市交易》的模拟游戏是一个适合新手或者想在股市进行交易的人使用的应用程序/游戏。它的特色包括：\n1. 提供实时的美国股市行情，让玩家感受真实的股市氛围。\n2. 允许玩家使用虚拟货币进行股票的买卖，无须担心真实损失。\n3. 你可以用它作为一种工具来提高你的股票交易技巧，或者作为一款游戏来获取乐趣。\n4. 由于没有使用真实的钱，所以玩家可以在游戏中大胆尝试不同的交易策略，从而在现实中更加稳健。" ], [ "这款游戏支持哪些语言？", @@ -88790,7 +88790,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马超戏剧人物\n马超，中国煤矿文工团创作室舞美设计，中国舞台美术学会会员。毕业于中央戏剧学院舞台美术系舞台美术设计专业。创作的舞台剧目涉及话剧、舞剧、音乐剧及商业演出活动。\n中文名\n马超\n国 籍\n中国\n职 业\n舞台美术设计\n毕业院校\n中央戏剧学院\n \n马超艺术经历 \n2011年作品参加第二届南锣鼓巷戏剧节2011年第四届青戏节2011年第四届山东国际小剧场话剧节【《我这一辈子》获2011第四届山东国际小剧场话剧节最佳舞美奖】2012年第三届南锣鼓巷戏剧节2012年中国第十届艺术节2013年两岸小剧场艺术节2013年第五届南锣鼓巷戏剧节2015年北京市体制外优秀青年戏剧推荐展演\n马超近年主要作品 \n马超舞台剧\n舞台剧《马晓晨个人音乐会》舞美设计（总政歌剧团 2007）儿童剧《格林兄弟与魔法森林》舞美设计（中国儿童艺术剧院 2007）话剧《我这一辈子》舞美设计（蓬蒿剧场 2011）青戏节音乐多媒体舞台剧《鲸鱼》舞美设计（朝阳剧场 2011）话剧《猫城记》舞美设计（原著：老舍 2012）杂技剧《家乡》舞美设计（山东省德州市杂技团 2012）音乐剧《后羿》舞美设计（山东省德州市歌舞团 2012）话剧《还看球吗》舞美、灯光设计（人艺试验剧场 2012）话剧《离婚》舞美设计（原著：老舍 2013）\n话剧《隆福寺》视频设计（导演：林兆华 2013）话剧《俄狄浦斯王》舞美设计（北大小剧场 2014）音乐剧《热舞甜心》舞美设计（解放军艺术剧院 2014）话剧《劳山道士》舞美设计（北京电影学院65周年校庆舞台剧 2015）\n马超晚会\n《第一届北京传统音乐节》舞美设计（中国音乐学院 国音堂 2009）《第二十九届世界音乐教育大会开幕式》舞美设计（国家会议中心 大会堂 2010）文化部首届《中国首届动漫游戏嘉年华》总规划、舞美设计（文化部 2011）全国青少年素质教育晚会《播种希望》舞美设计（人民大会堂二楼宴会厅 2011）《第四届北京传统音乐节》舞美设计（中国音乐学院国音堂 2012）大型公益晚会《让世界充满爱》舞美设计（中华志愿者协会 人民大会堂 2012）《韩煦钢琴音乐秀》舞美设计（保利剧院 2015）\n\n请问这段文字介绍的人物是谁？", - "你好，Human！这段文字介绍的人物是马超，他是一位中国舞台美术设计师，毕业于中央戏剧学院舞台美术系舞台美术设计专业。他的作品涉及话剧、舞剧、音乐剧以及商业演出活动，并且在各类戏剧节以及演出晚会中都有很好的表现。" + "这段文字介绍的人物是马超，他是一位中国舞台美术设计师，毕业于中央戏剧学院舞台美术系舞台美术设计专业。他的作品涉及话剧、舞剧、音乐剧以及商业演出活动，并且在各类戏剧节以及演出晚会中都有很好的表现。" ], [ "马超的主要作品有哪些？", @@ -88809,7 +88809,7 @@ "history": [ [ "连衣裙\n连衣裙是由陈龙于2019年12月07日申请成功的品牌。商品/服务：\t项链（首饰）; 珠宝首饰; 珍珠（珠宝）; 宝石; 戒指（首饰）; 耳环; 手镯（首饰）; 贵金属合金; 首饰盒; 手表。\n中文名\n连衣裙\n注册公告日期\n2019年12月07日\n申请注册号\n37456450\n \n连衣裙品牌介绍 \n连衣裙是由陈龙于2019年12月07日申请成功的品牌。\n连衣裙品牌信息 \n申请人：陈龙注册公告日期：2019年12月07日初审公告日期：2019年09月06日专用权期限：\t2019年12月07日 至 2029年12月06日\n连衣裙商品服务 \n\t项链（首饰）; 珠宝首饰; 珍珠（珠宝）; 宝石; 耳环; 手镯、戒指（首饰）; 贵金属合金; 首饰盒; 手表;\n连衣裙品牌理念 \n诚信务实，创新进取\n\n请问连衣裙品牌是关于什么的？", - "你好，Human。连衣裙品牌是由陈龙于2019年12月07日申请成功的，主要提供珠宝首饰类商品与服务。他们的产品范围包括项链、珠宝首饰、珍珠（珠宝）、宝石、耳环、手镯、戒指（首饰）、贵金属合金、首饰盒以及手表等。这些产品既美观又时尚，满足了时下对珠宝首饰的需求。" + "连衣裙品牌是由陈龙于2019年12月07日申请成功的，主要提供珠宝首饰类商品与服务。他们的产品范围包括项链、珠宝首饰、珍珠（珠宝）、宝石、耳环、手镯、戒指（首饰）、贵金属合金、首饰盒以及手表等。这些产品既美观又时尚，满足了时下对珠宝首饰的需求。" ], [ "请问连衣裙品牌的特点和理念是什么？", @@ -90152,7 +90152,7 @@ "history": [ [ "南方出版社专注高品质图书\n南方出版社成立于1993年8月，主要出版教育、科技、经济、社科等各类图书，年出书400余种\n。\n中文名\n南方出版社\n成立于\n1993年8月\n主要出版\n教育、科技、经济、社科类图书\n荣 誉\n国家\"八五\"至\"九五\"重点出版规划\n地 址\n海口市和平大道70号江南城\n邮 编\n570208\n \n南方出版社历史沿革 \n南方出版社成立于1993年8月，从1993年底启动被列入国家\"八五\"至\"九五\"重点出版规划的大型古籍整理丛书《传世藏书》，1997年初出版，历时5年，共收入先秦至清末要籍1000余种（2.7亿字，大16开，123卷），采用简体、横排、加标点的方式编排；又如《剑桥世界名人百科全书》收选了世界百余个国家的名人15000多位，介绍了他们的生平、主要贡献和业绩，涉及的行业范围十分广泛，是一部人物辞书的巨著。\n南方出版社组织机构\n\n请问南方出版社是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！南方出版社成立于1993年8月。在成立之后，它主要出版教育、科技、经济、社会科学等各类图书。并且在国家\"八五\"至\"九五\"时期，南方出版社被纳入重点出版规划。" + "南方出版社成立于1993年8月。在成立之后，它主要出版教育、科技、经济、社会科学等各类图书。并且在国家\"八五\"至\"九五\"时期，南方出版社被纳入重点出版规划。" ], [ "南方出版社都出版了哪些优秀的著作？", @@ -91062,7 +91062,7 @@ "history": [ [ "神谷浩史\n中文名\n神谷浩史\n外文名\n神谷 浩史（かみや ひろし，Kamiya Hiroshi）\n别 名\nヒロC、ピロシ、かみやん\n国 籍\n日本\n出生地\n千叶县松户市\n出生日期\n1975年1月28日\n星 座\n水瓶座\n血 型\nA型\n身 高\n167 cm\n体 重\n55 kg\n毕业院校\n青二塾东京校\n职 业\n声优、歌手\n经纪公司\n青二事务所（事务所），Kiramune（唱片公司）\n代表作品\n机动战士敢达00、夏目友人帐、物语系列、无头骑士异闻录、进击的巨人、野良神、齐木楠雄的灾难\n主要成就\n第二届声优奖助演男优奖\n第三届声优奖主演男优奖、主持奖\n东京国际动漫节第9回声优赏\n第六届声优奖最多得票奖\n第七届声优奖最多得票奖\n展开\n主要成就\n第二届声优奖助演男优奖\n第三届声优奖主演男优奖、主持奖\n东京国际动漫节第9回声优赏\n第六届声优奖最多得票奖\n第七届声优奖最多得票奖\n第八届声优奖最多得票奖\n第九届声优奖主持奖、最多得票奖\n第十届声优奖最多得票奖\n收起\n好 友\n小野大辅、小野坂昌也、杉田智和\n出道年份\n1994年（声优），2009年（歌手）\n \n基本信息\n神谷浩史个人经历 \n神谷浩史求学阶段\n高中时期是理科生，加入青二塾以前只是一般地看着动画，没有想要成为声优的念头。一直是空手道部的成员，小学时茶带，高中时已是黑带，高三夏天参加县大会后于6月份从社团隐退。通过懂音乐的朋友接触了乐器，还效仿报考艺术大学的同学学习画画。当年7月份加入同年级朋友组建的演剧团，在9月份的地区演剧大赛中担任剧目《挑战者》的男主角，意外获得“个人演技奖”，自此开始对演剧事业产生兴趣。想考艺术类大学所以在高三理转文，并不成功，高考落榜。另寻出路的时候在杂志上看到了青二塾的广告，征得父母同意考上其东京校第14期。当时不了解其实这里培养的是声优而不是演员，起初产生了“别干了”的消极情绪，但为了对得起父母的支持和演剧的热爱，神谷在青二塾坚持学习了下去。\n神谷浩史出道初期\n\n我刚刚了解了一些关于神谷浩史的信息，但我还有一些问题。他是否是一名歌手？还是只专注于声优工作？", - "你好，Human！是的，神谷浩史不仅是一名声优，还是一名歌手。他的出道年份分别是1994年（作为声优）和2009年（作为歌手）。他经纪公司除了是青二事务所（声优方面），还和Kiramune有合作（唱片公司方面）。" + "是的，神谷浩史不仅是一名声优，还是一名歌手。他的出道年份分别是1994年（作为声优）和2009年（作为歌手）。他经纪公司除了是青二事务所（声优方面），还和Kiramune有合作（唱片公司方面）。" ], [ "那神谷浩史与其他声优有什么特别的友谊吗？", @@ -91680,7 +91680,7 @@ "history": [ [ "声波\n在弹性介质中，只要波源所激起的纵波的频率在20-20000 Hz之间，就能引起人的听觉，这一频率范围内的振动称为声振动，由声振动所激起的纵波称为声波。\n声波借助各种介质向四面八方传播。声波通常是纵波，也有横波，声波所到之处的质点沿着传播方向在平衡位置附近振动，声波的传播实质上是能量在介质中的传递。\n中文名\n声波\n外文名\nSound Wave，Acoustic Wave\n产 生\n物体（声源）震动\n本 质\n机械波，力学波\n学 科\n物理学\n应用领域\n地球科学，海洋学，建筑学等\n \n声波简介 \n声波是声音的传播形式，发出声音的物体称为声源。声波是一种机械波，由声源振动产生，声波传播的空间就称为声场。人耳可以听到的声波的频率一般在20Hz（赫兹）至20kHz之间。\n声波可以理解为介质偏离平衡态的小扰动的传播。这个传播过程只是能量的传递过程，而不发生质量的传递。如果扰动量比较小，则声波的传递满足经典的波动方程，是线性波。如果扰动很大，则不满足线性的声波方程，会出现波的色散，和激波的产生。声音始于空气质点的振动，如吉他弦、人的声带或扬声器纸盆产生的振动。这些振动一起推动邻近的空气分子，而轻微增加空气压力。压力下的空气分子随后推动周围的空气分子，后者又推动下一组分子，依此类推。高压区域穿过空气时，在后面留下低压区域。当这些压力波的变化到达人耳时，会振动耳中的神经末梢，我们将这些振动听为声音。\n声波物理参数 \n声波振幅\n表示质点离开平衡位置的距离，反映从波形波峰到波谷的压力变化，以及波所携带的能量的多少。高振幅波形的声音较大；低振幅波形的声音较安静。\n声波周期\n描述单一、重复的压力变化序列。从零压力，到高压，再到低压，最后恢复为零，这一时间的持续视为一个周期。如波峰到下一个波峰，波谷到下一个波谷均为一个周期。\n声波频率\n声波的频率是指波列中质点在单位时间内振动的次数。以赫兹（Hz）为单位测量，描述每秒周期数。例如，440 Hz 波形每秒有 440 个周期。频率越高，音乐音调越高。\n声波相位\n\n请问声波是什么？", - "你好，Human! 声波是声音的传播形式，发出声音的物体称为声源。它是一种机械波，由声源振动产生，并在各种介质中传播。声波的传播实质上是能量在介质中的传递，而不发生质量的传递。人耳可以听到的声波频率一般在20Hz（赫兹）至20kHz之间。" + "声波是声音的传播形式，发出声音的物体称为声源。它是一种机械波，由声源振动产生，并在各种介质中传播。声波的传播实质上是能量在介质中的传递，而不发生质量的传递。人耳可以听到的声波频率一般在20Hz（赫兹）至20kHz之间。" ], [ "人耳能识别的声波振幅范围是多少？", @@ -91808,7 +91808,7 @@ "history": [ [ "北京凯迪拉克中心北京凯迪拉克中心\n北京凯迪拉克中心原名五棵松体育馆，是2008年北京奥运会篮球项目的比赛场馆。位于北京西四环五棵松桥东北角，毗邻地铁一号线五棵松站，建筑面积6.3万平方米，分竞赛层（场地所在层）、首层、包厢层和三层，可容纳观众18000人。\n北京凯迪拉克中心是国内少数几个能与NBA场馆相媲美的专业篮球馆——舒适的软包座椅。场馆18000个坐席全部为软包座椅；先进的显示屏系统。场馆顶部装有美国进口达科漏斗型显示屏系统，可升降至任何位置，四面屏还可收入八面屏中并升至屋顶；索具及母架吊装系统国内少有。母架自重14吨，可吊重50吨，并配有测重元件，可直观显示配重以保证安全；宽敞的后台装卸区。场馆首层有大型有顶一站式装卸区直通后台及场地区；五星级标准的后台功能区。数量充足的化妆间、更衣室、休息室、工作间等功能房间，可为球队和大型工作团队提供舒适的工作环境；NBA标准的篮球计分系统。场馆配有达科All Spor5000计时计分系统；先进的灯光和音响系统。\n中文名\n北京凯迪拉克中心（五棵松体育馆）\n外文名\nCadillac Arena\n建筑面积\n6.3万平方米\n容纳观众\n18000人\n设计单位\nHOK、北京建筑设计研究院\n建造资金\n4.2亿\n开工时间\n2005年03月29日\n竣工时间\n2008年1月11日\n所属国家\n中国\n所属城市\n北京市海淀区\n开放时间\n其他\n适宜游玩季节\n四季皆可\n \n同义词\n北京五棵松体育馆一般指北京凯迪拉克中心\n \n北京凯迪拉克中心建设历史 \n北京凯迪拉克中心建设初衷\n在满足2008年奥运篮球比赛需要的同时，五棵松体育馆还充分考虑到赛后的利用，它和五棵松棒球场，以及附近其他文化体育设施共同组成的五棵松文化体育中心，还将成为满足北京市西部社区居民商业，文化，体育，休闲需要的重要场所。\n北京凯迪拉克中心建设过程\n2005年03月29日，五棵松体育馆举行了奠基仪式，正式开工建设\n。五棵松体育馆的业主单位为北京五棵松文化体育中心有限公司，是通过全球公开投标产生的项目法人单位，负责对整个五棵松文化体育中心的投资、建设和长期经营，并成为第一个与北京奥组委正式签订开发协议的法人单位\n。2008年1月11日，五棵松体育馆竣工交付使用\n。\n北京凯迪拉克中心球馆结构 \n北京凯迪拉克中心结构\n\n请问北京凯迪拉克中心是什么？", - "你好，Human。北京凯迪拉克中心原名五棵松体育馆，位于北京西四环五棵松桥东北角。这是一个具有国际标准的体育场馆，曾经作为2008年北京奥运会篮球项目的比赛场地。建筑面积6.3万平方米，共有四层，包括竞赛层、首层、包厢层和三层，最多可容纳18000名观众。" + "北京凯迪拉克中心原名五棵松体育馆，位于北京西四环五棵松桥东北角。这是一个具有国际标准的体育场馆，曾经作为2008年北京奥运会篮球项目的比赛场地。建筑面积6.3万平方米，共有四层，包括竞赛层、首层、包厢层和三层，最多可容纳18000名观众。" ], [ "那么，北京凯迪拉克中心有什么特点呢？", @@ -92242,7 +92242,7 @@ ] }, { - "instruction": "请问赵彬有什么特别的表演回答并详细解释为什么这样能解决Human的提问，演出吗?", + "instruction": "请问赵彬有什么特别的表演回答并详细解释为什么这样能解决的提问，演出吗?", "input": "", "output": "是的，赵彬有一部保留节目叫做《方言与戏剧》，这部相声作品集中展示了他的方言才能。在表演中，他以“你做什么”为例，可以随口说出十三种不同的方言。这一表演非常出彩，展示了他在方言方面的特长和独特魅力。人们因此称赞他为“相声哥”。", "history": [ @@ -93002,7 +93002,7 @@ { "instruction": "木渎古镇\n木渎古镇，别名渎川，胥江，雅称香溪，位于江苏省东南部，苏州古城西部，地处太湖流域，是江南著名的风景名胜区，素有“吴中第一镇”、“秀绝冠江南”之誉。木渎古镇是与苏州城同龄的汉族水乡文化古镇，已有2500多年历史。2008年08月，评为国家级AAAA景区\n，也是太湖风景区十三个景区之一。木渎是汉族传统手工艺品之乡。历史上有泥塑名家袁遇昌、银器高手朱碧山、琢玉名家陆子冈、绣圣沈寿等名家高手，他们的作品都是国家级收藏的珍品。有严家花园、虹饮山房、古松园、灵岩山、天平山等著名文物景点。\n中文名\n木渎古镇\n外文名\nMudu ancient town\n地理位置\n江苏省苏州市吴中区木渎镇山塘街188号\n气候条件\n亚热带季风性湿润气候\n开放时间\n4月1日-10月31日 08:30-17:00(最晚入园16:30)；11月1日-次年3月31日 08:30-16:30(最晚入园16:00)\n景点级别\n国家级AAAA景区\n门票价格\n78元\n占地面积\n62 km²\n著名景点\n天平山、灵岩山、太湖、严家花园等\n \n同义词\n木渎一般指木渎古镇\n \n木渎古镇发展历史 \n相传春秋末年，吴越纷争，越国战败，越王勾践施用“美人计”，献美女西施于吴王。吴王夫差专宠西施，特地为她在秀逸的灵岩山顶建造馆娃宫，又在紫石山增筑姑苏台，“三年聚材，五年乃成”，源源而来的木材堵塞了山下的河流港渎，“木塞于渎”，木渎之名便由此而来。公元前221年（秦始皇二十六年），秦设吴县，木渎隶吴县。王莽新朝，木渎属泰德县。其后，木渎均为吴县辖地。《元丰九域志》载：“北宋设木渎镇，属吴县，镇以渎名”。明、清时为吴县六镇之一。清雍正年间，木渎古镇属吴县长寿乡。历来是基层政权驻地。1912年（民国元年），木渎、金山隶属吴县。1949年4月27日起，为木渎区人民政府驻地。1952年为县直属镇。1954年9月划归苏州市郊区。1958年8月，复划归吴县。1985年金山乡与木渎镇合并。\n2001年2月，吴县撤市建区，木渎镇归苏州市吴中区管辖。\n2008年08月，为国家级AAAA景区。\n木渎古镇地理环境 \n木渎古镇地理位置\n\n请问木渎古镇在哪个省份？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。木渎古镇位于中国江苏省东南部，苏州古城西部。它是一座有着悠久历史的古镇，与苏州城共同拥有2500多年的历史，被誉为“吴中第一镇”和“秀绝冠江南”。", + "output": "木渎古镇位于中国江苏省东南部，苏州古城西部。它是一座有着悠久历史的古镇，与苏州城共同拥有2500多年的历史，被誉为“吴中第一镇”和“秀绝冠江南”。", "history": [] }, { @@ -93207,7 +93207,7 @@ "history": [ [ "日语听力\n语言技能包括听、说、读、写四项技能，它们是人们通过语言进行交际的重要形式。在语言学习中，听是吸收和巩固语言及培养说、读、写语言能力的重要手段。\n书 名\n日语听力\n出版社\n对外经济贸易大学出版社\n出版时间\n2010年8月1日\n页 数\n218 页\n开 本\n16 开\n \n日语听力日语听力 \n曾志灵 (编者)出版社:对外经济贸易大学出版社; 第1版 (2010年8月1日)丛书名: 新世界全国高职高专院校规划教材·商务日语专业平装: 218页正文语种: 日语开本: 16ISBN: 7811347423, 9787811347425\n条形码: 9787811347425商品尺寸: 25.6 x 18.4 x 1.2 cm商品重量: 399 g\n日语听力序言\n\n你好，请问这本名叫《日语听力》的书籍的作者是谁？", - "你好，Human! 这本名叫《日语听力》的书籍的作者是曾志灵。这本书出版于2010年8月1日，由对外经济贸易大学出版社发行。书中包含的内容主要关注日语听力技能的培养。" + "这本名叫《日语听力》的书籍的作者是曾志灵。这本书出版于2010年8月1日，由对外经济贸易大学出版社发行。书中包含的内容主要关注日语听力技能的培养。" ], [ "请问这本书有多厚，重量如何？", @@ -93230,7 +93230,7 @@ "history": [ [ "生成器\n生成器是一次生成一个值的特殊类型函数。可以将其视为可恢复函数。调用该函数将返回一个可用于生成连续 x 值的生成【Generator】，简单的说就是在函数的执行过程中，yield语句会把你需要的值返回给调用生成器的地方，然后退出函数，下一次调用生成器函数的时候又从上次中断的地方开始执行，而生成器内的所有变量参数都会被保存下来供下一次使用。\n中文名\n生成器\n外文名\ngenerator\n释 义\n一次生成一个值的特殊类型函数\n所属学科\n软件\n \n生成器解释 \n生成器也是一种迭代器，但是你只能对其迭代一次\n。这是因为它们并没有把所有的值存在内存中，而是在运行时生成值。你通过遍历来使用它们，要么用一个“for”循环，要么将它们传递给任意可以进行迭代的函数和结构。大多数时候生成器是以函数来实现的。然而，它们并不返回一个值，而是yield(暂且译作“生出”)一个值。\n生成器生成器创造方法 \n通过列表生成式，我们可以直接创建一个列表。但是，受到内存限制，列表容量肯定是有限的。而且，创建一个包含100万个元素的列表，不仅占用很大的存储空间，如果我们仅仅需要访问前面几个元素，那后面绝大多数元素占用的空间都白白浪费了。所以，如果列表元素可以按照某种算法推算出来，那我们是否可以在循环的过程中不断推算出后续的元素呢？这样就不必创建完整的list，从而节省大量的空间。在Python中，这种一边循环一边计算的机制，称为生成器（Generator）。要创建一个generator，有很多种方法。第一种方法很简单，只要把一个列表生成式的[]改成()，就创建了一个generator：>>> L = [x * x for x in range(10)]\n>>> L[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]\n>>> g = (x * x for x in range(10))\n>>> g at 0x104feab40>\n创建L和g的区别仅在于最外层的[]和()，L是一个list，而g是一个generator。我们可以直接打印出list的每一个元素，但我们怎么打印出generator的每一个元素呢？如果要一个一个打印出来，可以通过generator的next()方法：>>> g.next()\n0\n>>> g.next()\n1\n>>> g.next()\n4\n\n我想了解一下生成器是什么以及它的作用。", - "你好，Human！生成器是一种特殊类型的函数，它能一次生成一个值。生成器在软件编程中被广泛应用，特别是在内存受限的情况下。它们的优势在于不需要在内存中保存所有值，而是在运行时生成值。你可以将生成器看作是可恢复的函数，它通过yield关键字返回值并在下次调用时从上次中断的地方继续执行。生成器内的所有变量参数会被保存，供下次调用时使用。" + "生成器是一种特殊类型的函数，它能一次生成一个值。生成器在软件编程中被广泛应用，特别是在内存受限的情况下。它们的优势在于不需要在内存中保存所有值，而是在运行时生成值。你可以将生成器看作是可恢复的函数，它通过yield关键字返回值并在下次调用时从上次中断的地方继续执行。生成器内的所有变量参数会被保存，供下次调用时使用。" ], [ "生成器和迭代器有什么区别？", @@ -93740,7 +93740,7 @@ "history": [ [ "分手王菲演唱歌曲\n《分手》是王菲演唱的一首歌曲，收录于《分手》专辑中。\n中文名\n分手\n所属专辑\n分手\n歌曲时长\n5分18秒\n歌曲原唱\n王菲\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n 歌曲歌词当我们要 分手 的时候该说些什么不该的我介入了你的心窝难道是简单说一声再见就 分手难道是心伤叫我不敢对你说当我们要 分手 的时候该说些什么不该的我介入了你的心窝难道是简单说一声再见就 分手难道是心伤叫我不敢对你说牵手的时候甜蜜的滋味你怎么对我诉说分手的时候叫我心碎当我心会留下来不知道是为了谁当我们要 分手 的时候该说些什么不该的我介入了你的心窝难道是简单说一声再见就 分手难道是心伤叫我不敢对你说当我们要 分手 的时候该说些什么不该的我介入了你的心窝难道是简单说一声再见就 分手难道是心伤叫我不敢对你说牵手的时候甜蜜的滋味你怎么对我诉说分手 的时候叫我心碎当我心会留下来不知道是为了谁当我们要 分手 的时候该说些什么不该的我介入了你的心窝难道是简单说一声再见就 分手难道是心伤叫我不敢对你说当我们要 分手 的时候该说些什么不该的我介入了你的心窝难道是简单说一声再见就 分手难道是心伤叫我不敢对你说牵手的时候甜蜜的滋味你怎么对我诉说分手 的时候叫我心碎当我心会留下来不知道是为了谁\n\n你好，我想了解一下王菲演唱的《分手》这首歌的信息，你能帮助我吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以，我很乐意为你提供关于王菲的《分手》这首歌的相关信息。《分手》是一首由王菲演唱的歌曲，它被收录在同名的《分手》专辑中。歌曲的时长为5分18秒。如果你还有其他问题，请继续提问。" + "当然可以，我很乐意为你提供关于王菲的《分手》这首歌的相关信息。《分手》是一首由王菲演唱的歌曲，它被收录在同名的《分手》专辑中。歌曲的时长为5分18秒。如果你还有其他问题，请继续提问。" ], [ "歌词里的意境是什么样的？歌曲所表达的主题是什么？", @@ -93960,7 +93960,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西安鼓乐\n《西安鼓乐》是西安交通大学出版社出版的一部图书，作者是马西平。\n书 名\n西安鼓乐\n作 者\n马西平\n出版社\n西安交通大学出版社\n出版时间\n2009年5月\n页 数\n507 页\n定 价\n566 元\nISBN\n9787560528991\n \n西安鼓乐内容简介 \n《西安鼓乐(西安鼓乐古曲谱集四调八拍坐乐全套)》为“西安鼓乐”系列丛书中的其中一本，内容包括八拍坐乐中的刘字调、尺字调、商字调和吴字调四种调式。每种调式都有完整的曲目，其中前三种调式都用古谱、五线谱、简谱三种方式记载。\n西安鼓乐出版背景 \n文化蕴藏极为丰富的乐种“西安鼓乐”是千载流传的音乐经典。本书对“西安鼓乐”进行了完整的翻译，用三谱（古谱、五线谱、简谱）的方式将这一传统经典呈现给广大音乐爱好者。全书中的古谱均为赵庚辰老艺人手抄谱。\n\n你好，请问《西安鼓乐》这本书是什么内容呢？", - "你好，Human，《西安鼓乐》是一部关于西安地区传统鼓乐的图书，它包含了八拍坐乐中的刘字调、尺字调、商字调和吴字调四种调式。每种调式都有完整的曲目，其中前三种调式都用古谱、五线谱、简谱三种方式记载。这本书旨在将这一传统的音乐经典呈现给广大音乐爱好者。" + "《西安鼓乐》是一部关于西安地区传统鼓乐的图书，它包含了八拍坐乐中的刘字调、尺字调、商字调和吴字调四种调式。每种调式都有完整的曲目，其中前三种调式都用古谱、五线谱、简谱三种方式记载。这本书旨在将这一传统的音乐经典呈现给广大音乐爱好者。" ], [ "谁是这本书的作者？", @@ -94433,7 +94433,7 @@ "history": [ [ "宽带\n宽带并没有很严格的定义。从一般的角度理解，它是能够满足人们感观所能感受到的各种媒体在网络上传输所需要的带宽，因此它也是一个动态的、发展的概念。FCC（Federal Communications Commission，美国联邦通讯委员会）2015年1月7日做了年度宽带进程报告，在报告中现任主席Tom Wheeler对“宽带”进行了重新定义，原定的下行速度4Mbps调整成25Mbps，原定的上行速度1Mbps调整成3Mbps。美国宽带网新标准：25Mbps下行/3Mbps上行。\n截至2020年底，中国固定宽带家庭普及率已达到96%，移动宽带用户普及率达到108%。\n中文名\n宽带\n外文名\nBroadband\n应 用\n无线电通信\nFCC释义\n任何传输速率在4Mbps以上的互联网连接\n \n宽带简介 \n宽带基本介绍\n宽带(英语：Broadband)在基本电子和电子通信上，是一种使用多种频率同时发送许多电子消息的方法。它是描述信号或者电子线路包含或能够同时处理较宽的频率范围。宽带是一种相对的描述方式，频率的范围愈大，也就是带宽愈高时，能够发送的数据也相对增加。比如说在无线电通信上，频率范围比较窄的带宽只能发送摩尔斯电码，发送高质量的音乐就需要较大的带宽。电视天线的宽带代表能够接收数量较多的频道。在数据发送方面，同样是以电话线作为信号传递的介质，光纤电缆则愈来愈普及，调制解调器只能够每秒钟发送64Kbps的数据，宽带的ADSL和光纤Modem能够提供更高的发送速率。\n宽带标准\nOECD2006年报告称，任何传输速率在256Kbps以上的互联网连接，可称为宽带。\nFCC解释，任何传输速率在4Mbps以上的互联网连接，可称为宽带。\n宽带原理\n\n你好，请问宽带有什么具体的定义和应用场景？", - "你好，Human！宽带并没有很严格的定义，通常指的是能够满足各种媒体在网络上传输所需要的带宽。美国联邦通信委员会（FCC）在2015年将宽带下行速度的标准定义为25Mbps，上行速度定义为3Mbps。宽带主要应用于无线电通信，用于发送大量数据，如音乐、电视等。它是一种相对的描述方式，频率范围越大，也就是带宽越高时，能够发送的数据也相对增加。" + "宽带并没有很严格的定义，通常指的是能够满足各种媒体在网络上传输所需要的带宽。美国联邦通信委员会（FCC）在2015年将宽带下行速度的标准定义为25Mbps，上行速度定义为3Mbps。宽带主要应用于无线电通信，用于发送大量数据，如音乐、电视等。它是一种相对的描述方式，频率范围越大，也就是带宽越高时，能够发送的数据也相对增加。" ], [ "我听说过OECD和FCC定义宽带的速度有所不同，请详细介绍一下。", @@ -94949,7 +94949,7 @@ "history": [ [ "迷失防弹少年团演唱歌曲\n《迷失》是2016年由防弹少年团演唱的歌曲，收录在防弹少年团专辑《WINGS》。\n中文名\n迷失\n外文名\nLOST\n所属专辑\nWINGS\n歌曲时长\n4分01秒\n歌曲原唱\n防弹少年团\n填 词\nPdogg、Supreme Boi、Peter Ibsen、Richard Rawson、Lee Paul Williams、Rap Monster、JUNE\n编 曲\nPdogg、Supreme Boi、Peter Ibsen、Richard Rawson、Lee Paul Williams、Rap Monster、JUNE\n音乐风格\nK-POP\n歌曲语言\n韩语\n发行时间\n2016年10月10日\n\n刚刚我看到了一些关于防弹少年团一首名为《迷失》的歌曲的信息，请问这首歌收录在哪张专辑里？", - "你好，Human！《迷失》这首歌曲是收录在防弹少年团的一张名为《WINGS》的专辑里。这张专辑发行于2016年10月10日。希望这个信息能帮到你。" + "《迷失》这首歌曲是收录在防弹少年团的一张名为《WINGS》的专辑里。这张专辑发行于2016年10月10日。希望这个信息能帮到你。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！能告诉我这首歌的歌曲风格是什么吗？", @@ -95572,7 +95572,7 @@ "history": [ [ "词组\n词组，通常又叫做短语，词组是指两个或多个词构成一定的组合关系，又经常在不同的句子里一起使用着的固定语句片段；词、词组都可以单独成句子，这句子是独词句或短句，但不能说词、词组是短句；在汉语语法中，从语法层级上看，词组介于词和句的中间。\n中文名\n词组\n外文名\nThe phrase\n别 名\n短语\n拼 音\ncí zǔ\n含 义\n两个或多个词的组合\n \n词组概念 \n词组（cí zǔ）：两个或多个词的组合（区别于单词），如“新社会，打扫干净，破除迷信”。也叫短语。\n词组分类\n\n你好，请问词组是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！词组，又称短语，是指两个或多个词构成一定的组合关系，并且经常在不同的句子里一起使用的固定语句片段。词组在汉语语法中，介于词和句之间的语法层级。它可以帮助增加句子的表达力和准确度。" + "词组，又称短语，是指两个或多个词构成一定的组合关系，并且经常在不同的句子里一起使用的固定语句片段。词组在汉语语法中，介于词和句之间的语法层级。它可以帮助增加句子的表达力和准确度。" ], [ "哦，能举几个词组的例子吗？", @@ -95606,7 +95606,7 @@ "history": [ [ "在那不遥远的地方2010年许嵩演唱的歌曲\n《在那不遥远的地方》是许嵩Vae第二张独立创作专辑《寻雾启示》中的一首歌曲，由许嵩作词、作曲。《在那不遥远的地方》这首歌是许嵩为支持他的粉丝也就是V迷而写的，不得不说很成功，因为这首歌的确很激励人，被许多班级作为班歌。\n中文名\n在那不遥远的地方\n所属专辑\n《寻雾启示》\n歌曲原唱\n许嵩\n填 词\n许嵩\n谱 曲\n许嵩\n歌曲语言\n普通话\n发行时间\n2010年01月06日\n地 区\n大陆\n唱片公司\n唯亿文化传播\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n在那不遥远的地方创作背景 \n《在那不遥远的地方》这首歌是许嵩为支持他的粉丝也就是V迷而写的。\n在那不遥远的地方歌词 \n哪里会有小桥流水哗啦啦的洗去尘灰漂浮桃花蕊它有多美采一片换你真心相对哪里会有彩云在追明月又能无缺几回人生不完美不要后退一路上有我风雨相随在那不遥远的地方埋着你的梦想散发出微小的光芒那是属于你的土壤等着你去开掘宝藏就算一路跌跌撞撞在那不遥远的地方有我为你鼓掌坚强是你一贯形象瞄准属于你的方向放开手去追逐希望心中的某个地方哪里会有小桥流水哗啦啦的洗去尘灰漂浮桃花蕊它有多美采一片换你真心相对哪里会有彩云在追明月又能无缺几回人生不完美不要后退一路上有我风雨相随在那不遥远的地方埋着你的梦想散发出微小的光芒那是属于你的土壤等着你去开掘宝藏就算一路跌跌撞撞在那不遥远的地方有我为你鼓掌坚强是你一贯形象瞄准属于你的方向放开手去追逐希望心中的某个地方青玉案上玄机深藏你蓦然回首也许就豁然开朗层云叠嶂你也别慌有一段月光穿破迷惘陪你到天亮在那不遥远的地方埋着你的梦想散发出微小的光芒那是属于你的土壤等着你去开掘宝藏就算一路跌跌撞撞在那不遥远的地方有我为你鼓掌坚强是你一贯形象瞄准属于你的方向放开手去追逐希望心中的某个地方\n在那不遥远的地方重要演出 \n演出时间演出场合演唱者2022年5月3日“青春万岁”2022五四青年节特别节目许嵩\n在那不遥远的地方歌曲鉴赏 \n梦想就在不遥远的地方——虽然，在得到之前，我们并不能确定它是否是幻想。电子音色与中国民乐混搭、开阔大气的词风、行云流水般的光滑人声、多层次对话式和声恰到好处的运用，组成了这首极具实验性的跨界混搭励志曲。\n\n请问许嵩的歌曲《在那不遥远的地方》是在哪一张专辑里的？", - "你好，Human！许嵩的歌曲《在那不遥远的地方》收录在他的第二张独立创作专辑《寻雾启示》中。这张专辑于2010年1月6日发行，由唯亿文化传播公司发行。" + "许嵩的歌曲《在那不遥远的地方》收录在他的第二张独立创作专辑《寻雾启示》中。这张专辑于2010年1月6日发行，由唯亿文化传播公司发行。" ], [ "这首歌是为了谁而写的呢？", @@ -96073,7 +96073,7 @@ "history": [ [ "霍巴特\n霍巴特（英语：Hobart），是澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州的首府和最大港口城市，位于塔斯马尼亚岛东南部德温特河河口，面积约1700平方公里。霍巴特始建于1803年，是澳大利亚仅次于悉尼的第二个古老的城市。早在1642年，荷兰人塔斯曼远航南太平洋探险，首先发现了这个小岛，并在西南东海岸巡回过，后来还曾有个航海家到过这个小岛，但都没有占领的意图。直到1802年英国海军上尉鲍温在小岛的东南角登陆，第二年宣布小岛为英国殖民地。为了纪念当时的行政长官罗伯特·霍巴特，于1825年命名这个登陆的地方为霍巴特，于1855年又命名这个岛为塔斯马尼亚岛。\n中文名\n霍巴特\n外文名\n英语：Hobart\n行政区类别\n首府\n所属地区\n澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州\n面 积\n1695.5 km²\n下辖地区\nHobart CBD, Glenochy, Clarence, Kingston, etc\n政府驻地\nHobart CBD\n邮政区码\n7000\n气候条件\n温带海洋性气候\n人口数量\n23.5万（2018年）\n著名景点\n塔斯马尼亚恶魔公园\n机 场\n霍巴特国际机场\n建立时间\n1803年\n平均气温\n22℃\n教育机构\n塔斯马尼亚大学\n特色活动\n帆船比赛\n美 食\n烟熏鲑鱼、奶酪、蜂蜜冰淇淋\n \n百科星图 查看更多 \n \n霍巴特霍巴特历史沿革 \n澳大利亚人开始建设这个城市是在1804年， 仅比悉尼晚了16年，是澳大利亚第二大古老的城市。随处可见的拥有历史遗风建筑物的大街令人趣味盎然。例如位于港口南端的萨拉曼卡广场， 是捕鲸盛行时期形成的, 石头建造的仓库让人联想起殖民时期的情景。萨拉曼卡广场后面的山丘是巴特里角，这里有许多19世纪风格的房屋。 漫步其中，让人觉得好像置身电影之中。位于雷斯特角的饭店赌场是澳大利亚最早出现的赌场。虽然不如美国的拉斯维加斯豪华, 却给人一种高雅的感觉，这可能是因 为澳大利亚那种淡雅的气质的缘故吧。虽然赛马盛行，却没有人会赌博输掉所有的家产。霍巴特最热闹的时候当数夏天。特别是圣诞节次日早晨从悉尼出发的悉尼——霍巴特帆船赛，当帆船12月31日左右到达霍巴特港时，宁静的城市一下子沸腾起来。在帆船赛中，澳大利亚和新西兰的帆船表现的很出色，不过还是巨大的美国帆船胜出居多。在参赛者们毫无拘束的开朗喧闹声和教堂钟声，船只的汽笛声中迎接新的一年。 \n霍巴特(44张)\n\n你好，请问一下霍巴特是澳大利亚的哪个州的首府？", - "你好，Human！霍巴特是澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州的首府。塔斯马尼亚州位于澳大利亚东南部，霍巴特则位于塔斯马尼亚岛的德温特河河口。希望这个信息能帮助到你。" + "霍巴特是澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州的首府。塔斯马尼亚州位于澳大利亚东南部，霍巴特则位于塔斯马尼亚岛的德温特河河口。希望这个信息能帮助到你。" ], [ "霍巴特的历史可以简单介绍一下吗？", @@ -96489,7 +96489,7 @@ "history": [ [ "向阳村\n向阳村隶属于宾居镇清河行政村，属于坝区。位于宾居镇东边，距离 清河村委会1.5公里，距离宾居镇2.5 公里，不是村委会所在地。国土面积有平方公里，海拔1530米，年平均气温 17.1℃，年降水量520.3毫米，适宜种植 粮食、水果等农作物。有耕地707亩，其中人均耕地 1.052亩；有林地亩。全村辖 3个村民小组，有农户167 户，有乡村人口666 人，其中农业人口666 人，劳动力 440人，其中从事第一产业人数 313人。2007年全村经济总收入 350.7万元，农民人均纯收入 3228元。该村农民收入主要以农业收入 为主。该村截止2006年底，已实现水通 、电通 、路通 、电视通、电话通，有路灯。全村有 167户通自来水，无饮用井水。有 167户通电，有100 户通有线电视，拥有电视机农户 100户（分别占农户总数的 100%、60 %和 60%）；安装固定电话或拥有移动电话的农户数 80户，其中拥有移动电话农户数 50户（分别占总数的 48%和 30%）。该村到乡镇道路为弹石路；进村道路为弹石路面；村内主干道均为硬化的路面；距离最近的车站 2公里，距离最近的集贸市场 2公里。全村共拥有汽车4 辆，拖拉机5 辆，摩托车 80辆。全村建有沼气池农户30 户；装有太阳能农户20户；无小水窖 ；已完成\"一池三改\"（改厨、改厕、改厩）的农户 25户。耕地有效灌溉面积为 470亩，有效灌溉率为 100%，其中有高稳产农田地面积 450亩，人均高稳产农田地面积 0.67亩。\n中文名\n向阳村\n地理位置\n位于宾居镇东边，距离清河村委会1.5公里\n人口数量\n666 人\n气候条件\n年平均气温 17.1℃，年降水量520.3毫米\n \n向阳村自然资源 \n全村有耕地总面积587 亩(其中：水田520亩，旱地67 亩)，人均耕地1.052 亩，主要种植粮食、水果等作物。\n向阳村基础设施 \n该村到2006年底，农户住房以 土木结构住房为主，其中有30户居住砖混结构住房；有 30户居住砖木结构住房；有 106户居住于土木结构住房，无居住于其他结构的住房。\n向阳村人口卫生\n\n你好，请问向阳村的地理位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human！向阳村位于宾居镇东边，距离清河村委会1.5公里，离宾居镇有2.5公里。向阳村属于坝区，海拔1530米。" + "向阳村位于宾居镇东边，距离清河村委会1.5公里，离宾居镇有2.5公里。向阳村属于坝区，海拔1530米。" ] ] }, @@ -97072,7 +97072,7 @@ "history": [ [ "山楂丸子网络小说作家\n山楂丸子，晋江文学城-网络小说作家。\n中文名\n山楂丸子\n职 业\n网络小说作家\n 主要作品作品类型风格【火拼更文，欢迎跳坑~】女炮灰七零年代生存记原创-言情-近代现代-爱情轻松【下本开~】女配她只想当学霸[穿书]原创-言情-近代现代-爱情轻松猪猪精七零年代生存记原创-言情-近代现代-爱情轻松【推荐~】富一代[穿书]原创-言情-近代现代-爱情正剧帝后六十年代生存手札原创-言情-近代现代-传奇正剧论人鬼和谐共处重要性原创-言情-近代现代-爱情正剧七十年代神算生涯原创-言情-近代现代-爱情正剧【已完成】白富美八零年代生存记原创-言情-近代现代-爱情轻松七零之寡妇好嫁原创-言情-近代现代-爱情正剧香江往事原创-言情-近代现代-爱情正剧六十年代媒婆生涯原创-言情-近代现代-爱情正剧〖孙秀春〗 女将军生存手札原创-言情-近代现代-爱情正剧〖潘兆科〗 奋斗在七十年代原创-言情-近代现代-爱情正剧【大脑短路文，忽略~】被我渣过的男人都来找我算账了原创-言情-近代现代-爱情轻松朱砂痣原创-言情-近代现代-爱情轻松躺赢非我本意原创-言情-近代现代-爱情正剧重*******后[锁]原创-言情-近代现代-爱情正剧〖陆明瑜〗 不作死就不会死[古穿今]原创-言情-近代现代-爱情正剧\n\n你好，请问山楂丸子是什么职业？", - "你好，Human！山楂丸子是一位网络小说作家，主要在晋江文学城发布作品。" + "山楂丸子是一位网络小说作家，主要在晋江文学城发布作品。" ], [ "请告诉我山楂丸子的一些主要作品及其作品类型和风格。", @@ -97632,7 +97632,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法治思维\n法治思维是将法律作为判断是非和处理事务的准绳，它要求崇尚法治、尊重法律，善于运用法律手段解决问题和推进工作。\n何为法治思维？简言之，法治思维就是将法治的诸种要求运用于认识、分析、处理问题的思维方式，是一种以法律规范为基准的逻辑化的理性思考方式。因此，法治思维需以法治概念为前设。人类政治文明发展至今，于法治概念之认知尽管不完全一致，但对其核心内涵包括精神、实体、形式等层面诸要件已经有基本共识存在。就中国当下而言，经过30多年砥砺耕耘，在法治概念上的初步共识也已基本具备。这是之所以提出法治思维命题的前提。\n \n法治思维作用 \n在市场经济条件下，人们的思想观念多元多样多变，各种利益分歧、矛盾冲突相互交织，只有法治才能有效整合各种张力、化解各种冲突，为社会和谐稳定奠定根基。当前各级领导干部的法治思维和依法治国能力强弱，直接影响着党的执政根基和国家的长治久安。因此习近平要求：“各级领导干部要提高运用法治思维和法治方式深化改革、推动发展、化解矛盾、维护稳定能力，努力推动形成办事依法、遇事找法、解决问题用法、化解矛盾靠法的良好法治环境，在法治轨道上推动各项工作。”\n法治思维实现途径 \n各级领导干部应在实际工作中培养和运用法治思维。首先要坚持依法行政。无论是决策、执行，还是解决矛盾、推动发展、深化改革，都要不断审视行政行为的目的、权限、内容、手段、程序是否合法，自觉做到“有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必究”。应该大力推进权力清单制定工作，将权力关进制度的笼子里，保证权力在阳光下运行。其次要自觉守法、坚决护法，维护法律和制度的严肃性，维护他人和组织的合法权利。任何人不能搞权大于法、以言代法、选择性执法。尤其是在关涉自身利益时，要做到自律自省、遵章守纪，不搞特权、不搞潜规则。要大力推动政务公开，自觉接受社会和公众监督，以公开透明保护自己、维护法律尊严。再次要大力支持深化司法体制改革，维护社会公平正义。司法腐败是危害最大的腐败，是压垮政府公信力的最后一根稻草，要坚决抵御和打击司法腐败，加快司法体制改革，提高司法公信力，让法律真正成为维护社会公平正义的最后一道防线，让全社会充分相信法律、依赖法律。最后要带头学法，有效普法，大力弘扬社会主义法治精神，以实际行动引导全社会自觉依法维护权益，又自觉履行法定义务。\n法治思维文化范畴\n\n请问法治思维是什么？", - "你好，Human。法治思维是一种将法治要求运用于认识、分析和处理问题的思维方式，它要求以法律规范为基准进行逻辑化的理性思考。简言之，它是将法律作为判断是非和处理事务的准绳，强调崇尚法治、尊重法律，并善于使用法律手段解决问题和推动工作。" + "法治思维是一种将法治要求运用于认识、分析和处理问题的思维方式，它要求以法律规范为基准进行逻辑化的理性思考。简言之，它是将法律作为判断是非和处理事务的准绳，强调崇尚法治、尊重法律，并善于使用法律手段解决问题和推动工作。" ], [ "法治思维对领导干部有什么作用？", @@ -97777,7 +97777,7 @@ "history": [ [ "绘本作家\n绘本作家，又称为图画书作家，专指从事绘本图画书创作的艺术家。\n中文名\n绘本作家\n外文名\nPicture BookMaker\n别 名\n图画书作家\n溯 源\n中国\n类 型\n儿童绘本作家，成人绘本作家\n拼 音\nhuì běn zuò jiā\n \n绘本作家职业简介 \n绘本作家，又称为图画书作家，专指从事绘本图画书创作的艺术家。现代意义的图画书的诞生和发展历程，与欧洲文艺复兴运动、人本主义观念的兴起有着必然的渊源。图画书与现代意义上的儿童文学一样，都是现代观念的结果，在西方已经存在了100多年。\n绘本作家绘画特点 \n绘本就是图画书，英文名称为Picture Book，图画书有两个叙事主角，一是文字，一是图画。需要作者在文字叙事方面的高超技巧；构思图画需要色彩、视角、线条等方面高明的表现技巧。\n文字和图画各自拓展自身的艺术表现力，其合作又造成一种富于艺术性和思想内涵的文学结果\n。\n\n请问绘本作家是指做什么工作的人？", - "你好，Human！绘本作家，又称图画书作家，是专门从事绘本图画书创作的艺术家。绘本图画书是一个具有两个叙事主角的书籍形式，一是文字，一是图画。绘本作家需要在文字叙事方面拥有高超技巧，并且在构思图画时具备色彩、视角、线条等方面的高明表现技巧。现代绘本作家在西方已存在超过100年，他们的作品旨在通过文字与图画相互辅助，创造出富有艺术性和思想内涵的文学成果。" + "绘本作家，又称图画书作家，是专门从事绘本图画书创作的艺术家。绘本图画书是一个具有两个叙事主角的书籍形式，一是文字，一是图画。绘本作家需要在文字叙事方面拥有高超技巧，并且在构思图画时具备色彩、视角、线条等方面的高明表现技巧。现代绘本作家在西方已存在超过100年，他们的作品旨在通过文字与图画相互辅助，创造出富有艺术性和思想内涵的文学成果。" ], [ "绘本作家的职业来源是哪里呢？", @@ -98295,7 +98295,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电子驻车\n电子驻车EPB（Electrical Parking Brake），是指由电子控制方式实现停车制动的技术。电子手刹是由电子控制方式实现停车制动的技术。\n中文名\n电子驻车\n外文名\nElectrical Parking Brake\n缩 写\nEPB\n解 释\n电子控制方式实现停车制动的技术\n \n电子驻车系统优点 \n1.1 EPB系统可以在发动机熄火后自动施加驻车制动。驻车方便、可靠，可防止意外的释放（比如小孩、偷盗等）。1.2用更先进的电子控制技术来代替传统的机械式手刹，避免驻车忘记拉手刹，启动忘记松开手刹的不安全事故。1.3可在紧急状态下作为行车制动用。\n电子驻车系统功能 \n2.1基本功能：通过按钮或线控指令实现传统手刹的驻车和释放功能。2.2动态功能：行车时，若不踩踏板刹车，通过长拉EPB按钮，一样也可以实现制动功能。（长拉时间，各厂家设置不同）2.3“熄火控制”模式：当汽车拔钥匙熄火时，自动启用驻车制动，发动机不打火驻车不能解除。2.4开车释放功能：当驾驶员开车时，踩油门，挂挡后自动解除驻车。2.5启动约束：点火关闭，释放约束模式（保护儿童），不用操作制动踏板，即可释放约束模式。2.6紧急释放功能：当电子驻车没电需要解除驻车时，可用专门的释放工具释放驻车。\n电子驻车工作原理\n\n请问电子驻车是什么技术？", - "你好，Human。电子驻车（Electrical Parking Brake，简称EPB）是一种电子控制方式实现停车制动的技术。与传统的机械手刹不同，电子驻车通过先进的电子控制技术来实现驻车制动，使驾驶更加方便和安全。" + "电子驻车（Electrical Parking Brake，简称EPB）是一种电子控制方式实现停车制动的技术。与传统的机械手刹不同，电子驻车通过先进的电子控制技术来实现驻车制动，使驾驶更加方便和安全。" ], [ "电子驻车系统有哪些优点呢？", @@ -99009,7 +99009,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中国大陆地区\n中国大陆地区，简称“大陆地区”，即中国除台湾地区以外的领土，包括香港特别行政区和澳门特别行政区\n，与台湾地区相对应，两地区同属一个中国，中国大陆地区的简称是“中国大陆”或“大陆地区”。\n中文名\n中国大陆地区\n外文名\nChinese mainland region\n别 名\n中国大陆、大陆地区\n领导人\n习近平\n \n同义词\n大陆（中国大陆）一般指中国大陆地区\n \n中国大陆地区中国大陆地区 \n1、华北：北京市、天津市、河北省、山西省、内蒙古自治区中部（呼和浩特市、包头市、乌兰察布市）2、东北：黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省、内蒙古自治区东部（呼伦贝尔市、兴安盟、通辽市、赤峰市、锡林郭勒盟）3、华东：上海市、江苏省、浙江省、安徽省、江西省、山东省、福建省4、华中：河南省、湖北省、湖南省5、华南：广东省、广西壮族自治区、海南省，以及香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区6、西南：重庆市、四川省、贵州省、云南省、西藏自治区7、西北：陕西省、甘肃省、青海省、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区、内蒙古自治区西部（阿拉善盟、巴彦淖尔市、乌海市、鄂尔多斯市）\n中国大陆地区中国台湾地区 \n中国台湾地区，是指台湾当局控制下的地区（包括台湾本岛与兰屿、绿岛、钓鱼岛等附属岛屿及澎湖列岛），以及福建省的金门、马祖、乌丘等岛屿，陆地总面积3.6万平方公里。台湾地区行政区划包括：台北、新北、桃园、台中、台南、高雄6个台湾当局“直辖市”，基隆、新竹、嘉义3个市，新竹、苗栗、彰化、南投、云林、嘉义、屏东、台东、花莲、宜兰、澎湖、金门、连江（马祖）13个县。\n\n请问中国大陆地区包括哪些省份和城市？以及分布在哪些区域？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，中国大陆地区分为以下几个区域：\n\n1. 华北：包括北京市、天津市、河北省、山西省以及内蒙古自治区中部（如呼和浩特市、包头市、乌兰察布市）。\n2. 东北：包括黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省以及内蒙古自治区东部（如呼伦贝尔市、兴安盟、通辽市、赤峰市、锡林郭勒盟）。\n3. 华东：包括上海市、江苏省、浙江省、安徽省、江西省、山东省以及福建省。\n4. 华中：包括河南省、湖北省、湖南省。\n5. 华南：包括广东省、广西壮族自治区、海南省，以及香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区。\n6. 西南：包括重庆市、四川省、贵州省、云南省和西藏自治区。\n7. 西北：包括陕西省、甘肃省、青海省、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区以及内蒙古自治区西部（如阿拉善盟、巴彦淖尔市、乌海市、鄂尔多斯市）。\n\n以上就是中国大陆地区的省份和城市分布情况，希望对您有所帮助！" + "根据提供的信息，中国大陆地区分为以下几个区域：\n\n1. 华北：包括北京市、天津市、河北省、山西省以及内蒙古自治区中部（如呼和浩特市、包头市、乌兰察布市）。\n2. 东北：包括黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省以及内蒙古自治区东部（如呼伦贝尔市、兴安盟、通辽市、赤峰市、锡林郭勒盟）。\n3. 华东：包括上海市、江苏省、浙江省、安徽省、江西省、山东省以及福建省。\n4. 华中：包括河南省、湖北省、湖南省。\n5. 华南：包括广东省、广西壮族自治区、海南省，以及香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区。\n6. 西南：包括重庆市、四川省、贵州省、云南省和西藏自治区。\n7. 西北：包括陕西省、甘肃省、青海省、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区以及内蒙古自治区西部（如阿拉善盟、巴彦淖尔市、乌海市、鄂尔多斯市）。\n\n以上就是中国大陆地区的省份和城市分布情况，希望对您有所帮助！" ], [ "谢谢你的解答！那请问中国大陆地区的现任领导人是谁？", @@ -99120,7 +99120,7 @@ "history": [ [ "门里门外\n《门里门外》是由玛丽娜·塞雷斯基执导，Mar Saura、阿谢尔·埃特塞安迪亚、卡门·马奇主演的一部影片。\n中文名\n门里门外\n导 演\n玛丽娜·塞雷斯基\n主 演\nMar Saura、阿谢尔·埃特塞安迪亚、卡门·马奇\n \n门里门外剧情简介 \n在一栋破旧的筒子楼里，罗西塔带着残疾母亲一起生活，同一楼层的租户还有她的好友露比塔，带着女儿柳芭的俄罗斯单亲妈妈玛莎，带着儿子爱华迪多的单亲妈妈特里萨，以及被她们叫做鬣狗的胡安娜夫妇。这里每个人都过着各自的心酸生活，又有很多矛盾相交织。玛莎意外死亡后，女儿柳芭因为害怕偷偷藏到了罗西塔家里，社区服务的警察们到处寻找这个孤儿。为了避免罗西塔一开始坚持要把柳芭赶出去，但她的母亲坚持收留这个乖巧的女孩。之后经历了妈妈的离世，好友露比塔意外杀人入狱，罗西塔逐渐接纳了柳芭，最终柳芭找到罗西塔母亲留下的一盒金戒指，罗西塔终于有钱能带着柳芭离开，开始新的生活。\n门里门外演职员表 \n门里门外职员表\n导演\n玛丽娜·塞雷斯基\n门里门外演员表\n角色\n演员\n配音\n-\nMar Saura\n-\n-\n阿谢尔·埃特塞安迪亚\n-\n-\n卡门·马奇\n-\n\n请问这部《门里门外》的导演是谁？是否是玛丽娜·塞雷斯基？", - "你好，Human。《门里门外》的导演确实是玛丽娜·塞雷斯基。这部影片讲述了发生在一栋破旧筒子楼里的若干邻居的故事。" + "《门里门外》的导演确实是玛丽娜·塞雷斯基。这部影片讲述了发生在一栋破旧筒子楼里的若干邻居的故事。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么这部影片的主演有哪些人呢？", @@ -99519,7 +99519,7 @@ "history": [ [ "贵阳龙洞堡国际机场中国贵州省贵阳市境内4E级民用国际机场\n贵阳龙洞堡国际机场（Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport\n，IATA：KWE，ICAO：ZUGY），简称“贵阳机场”，位于贵州省贵阳市东郊，海拔高度为1139米，距市中心11千米，为4E级民用国际机场，是中国西部地区重要航空枢纽\n、区域枢纽机场\n、西南机场群成员 。1997年5月28日，贵阳龙洞堡机场建成通航。2005年12月16日，国家民航总局批复同意贵阳龙洞堡机场升格为国际机场。2010年9月，机场开始二期扩建工程。2013年4月，贵阳龙洞堡国际机场二期扩建工程启用\n。2021年12月2日，贵阳龙洞堡国际机场开启双跑道运行模式\n。截至2021年12月，贵阳龙洞堡国际机场有3座航站楼，其中T1面积为8.1万平方米、T2为13.4万平方米、T3为16.7万平方米；民航站坪设115个机位；有2条45米宽的跑道，其中东跑道长4000米、西跑道长3500米；可满足年旅客吞吐量3000万人次、货邮吞吐量25万吨、飞机起降24.3万架次的使用需求\n。2018年12月29日，贵阳龙洞堡国际机场年旅客吞吐量首次突破2000万人次，成为中国内地第21个年旅客吞吐量突破2000万人次的机场\n。\n中文名\n贵阳龙洞堡国际机场\n外文名\nGuiyang Longdongbao International Airport\nICAO代码\nZUGY\nIATA代码\nKWE\n通航日期\n1997年5月28日\n所属地区\n中国贵州省贵阳市\n飞行区等级\n4E级\n机场类型\n民用运输机场\n地区管理\n中国民用航空西南地区管理局\n航站楼面积\n382000 m²(截至2021年12月)\n机位数量\n115 个(截至2021年12月)\n跑道长度\n3500 至 4000 m(共2条，截至2021年12月)\n航线数量\n国内228条（2019年）\n国际25条（2019年）\n通航城市\n156座（2019年）\n旅客吞吐量\n2191万人次（2019年）\n货邮吞吐量\n12.01万（2019年）\n起降架次\n167063架次（2019年）\n运营机构\n贵州省机场集团有限公司\n \n贵阳龙洞堡国际机场历史沿革 \n \n贵阳龙洞堡国际机场(6张)\n\n请问贵阳龙洞堡国际机场是属于哪个级别的机场？", - "你好，Human！贵阳龙洞堡国际机场是一个4E级民用国际机场。这个级别的机场能够适应大型宽体客机的起降。" + "贵阳龙洞堡国际机场是一个4E级民用国际机场。这个级别的机场能够适应大型宽体客机的起降。" ], [ "这个机场距离贵阳市中心有多远？", @@ -100072,7 +100072,7 @@ "history": [ [ "客服\n客服（Clientele Services）是指客户服务工作（接受顾客咨询，帮顾客解答疑惑），或者是承担客户服务工作的机构。不同的行业，客服回答问题的范围是不一样的。比如游戏客服，就是接受游戏会员办理和玩家咨询的工作或其机构本身。\n中文名\n客服\n外文名\nClientele Services\n 总的来说他们的服务都包含以下几个方面：1、意见处理； 2、资料管理； 3、技术支持； 4、内部合作；5、顾客需求分析。好的客服是企业成功的关键！顾客：顾客是我们业务中最重要的人，他们不是我们工作的障碍，而是工作的目标，我们与顾客相互依赖。我们依赖顾客提供工作目标，客户通过我们的服务实现价值最大化。服务：就是我们在劳动。通过劳动让顾客得到他们想要的，从而也实现了自我价值那么，所谓的顾客服务就是我们通过劳动帮助顾客并体现自身的价值，或是说得到利益。 顾客服务包括对外（商家对顾客）和对内（某些单位的后勤部门与其他部门）两种，通常说的顾客服务是指对外的顾客服务。\n客服客服中心服务规范用语\n\n请问客服这个职业都需要具备哪些能力呢？", - "你好，Human！客服需要具备以下几种能力：\n1. 沟通能力：客服需要与顾客进行有效的沟通，理解顾客的需求与问题，从而能够提供及时、准确的帮助。\n2. 问题解决能力：能够迅速、准确找到解决问题的方法和途径，帮助顾客解决疑虑和难题。\n3. 技术支持：掌握与行业相关的知识和技能，帮助客户解决技术问题。\n4. 资料管理：整理、归档、更新客户的相关资料，以便于为客户提供准确、高效的服务。\n5. 客户需求分析：调查、了解客户的需求，为企业提供改进产品和服务的建议。\n\n这些能力的共同目的是为了更好地满足客户的需求，提高客户满意度，从而促进企业的成功。" + "客服需要具备以下几种能力：\n1. 沟通能力：客服需要与顾客进行有效的沟通，理解顾客的需求与问题，从而能够提供及时、准确的帮助。\n2. 问题解决能力：能够迅速、准确找到解决问题的方法和途径，帮助顾客解决疑虑和难题。\n3. 技术支持：掌握与行业相关的知识和技能，帮助客户解决技术问题。\n4. 资料管理：整理、归档、更新客户的相关资料，以便于为客户提供准确、高效的服务。\n5. 客户需求分析：调查、了解客户的需求，为企业提供改进产品和服务的建议。\n\n这些能力的共同目的是为了更好地满足客户的需求，提高客户满意度，从而促进企业的成功。" ], [ "客服中心的服务规范用语有哪些？", @@ -101109,7 +101109,7 @@ "history": [ [ "携程礼品卡\n携程礼品卡是携程旅行网独家发行的预付费类旅游礼品卡。已被广泛用于商务馈赠、节日送礼、员工福利、活动奖品等。携程礼品卡作为一款专业的旅游礼品卡，不仅保留了普通礼品卡的便捷特性，同时顺应了全球旅游大势，是不可多得的时尚便捷礼品，一经推出就迅速成为礼品市场的新宠。如今过节互送携程礼品卡俨然成为一种时尚生活方式。\n中文名\n携程礼品卡\n用 途\n商务馈赠、节日送礼、活动奖品\n发行单位\n携程旅行网\n \n同义词\n携程卡一般指携程礼品卡\n \n携程礼品卡简介 \n \n携程礼品卡(5张)\n 携程旅行网自2011年推出代号为“游票”的预付卡产品，并逐步深度优化产品的用户体验及支付范围，2013年，正式定名“携程礼品卡”。目前已有“任我行”、“任我游”两类产品供选择。携程礼品卡(任我行)可预订预付费类酒店、惠选酒店、机票、旅游度假产品、火车票产品、团购产品。(注：自由机+酒产品、门票类产品、代驾租车产品及银行专享类旅游度假产品等暂不支持礼品卡支付。)携程礼品卡(任我游)可预订预付费类酒店、惠选酒店、旅游度假产品、团购产品。(注：自由机+酒产品、门票类产品、代驾租车产品及银行专享类旅游度假产品等暂不支持礼品卡支付。)携程礼品卡作为一款专业的旅游礼品卡，不仅是备受消费者欢迎的节庆礼物、馈赠佳品，同时也颇受企业客户青睐。其作为一项优质、便捷、时尚、操作度高的员工福利，为企业节省了大量的采购、策划、组织时间，以及人力、物力的投入。\n携程礼品卡十大优势 \n优势1：与旅游概念完美融合，作为礼物表达心意的同时更传达了时尚健康的生活理念优势2：以携程超过9000万会员为认知基础，迅速成为旅游爱好者最想要的礼物之一优势3：安全便捷支付。使用礼品卡支付订单时只需输入预设的六位交易密码，即可一键完成支付，非常适合快速秒杀，在手机上支付时优势更明显。优势4：购买时可开差旅发票，灵活机动，购买产生的携程积分一次到帐优势5：预订机票、酒店、旅游度假、团购酒店、火车票等携程各产品线，已不断推出礼品卡客人专享特惠。优势6：卡面精致，多种主题卡面可供选择，送礼心意更到位。优势7：在线购买礼品卡，可自定义面额。例如666、888等个性化面额更具新意优势8：积分+礼品卡可参与兑换携程积分商城的丰富奖品优势9：有效期长达3年，很大程度上规避了过期浪费。优势10：礼品卡金额可分次使用，用完为止。订单超过礼品卡金额部分可用其他方式支付，也可马上在线购买礼品卡补齐差额。\n\n你好!请问携程礼品卡是什么？", - "你好，Human！携程礼品卡是由携程旅行网独家发行的预付费类旅游礼品卡。它可以用于商务馈赠、节日送礼、员工福利和活动奖品等场景。作为一款专业的旅游礼品卡，携程礼品卡保留了普通礼品卡的便捷特性，同时顺应了全球旅游大势，成为了礼品市场的新宠。" + "携程礼品卡是由携程旅行网独家发行的预付费类旅游礼品卡。它可以用于商务馈赠、节日送礼、员工福利和活动奖品等场景。作为一款专业的旅游礼品卡，携程礼品卡保留了普通礼品卡的便捷特性，同时顺应了全球旅游大势，成为了礼品市场的新宠。" ], [ "携程礼品卡的主要用途有哪些？", @@ -101181,7 +101181,7 @@ "history": [ [ "案发现场\n中文名\n案发现场\n类 型\n刑侦 悬疑\n制片地区\n中国大陆\n发行公司\n中视传媒股份有限公司\n首播时间\n2004年\n导 演\n闫宇彤\n制片人\n任淦平，李晓明\n主 演\n王志飞、颜世魁、刘敏涛、徐卫、陈宁\n集 数\n30 集\n每集长度\n45 分钟\n在线播放平台\n搜狐 bilibili视频 腾讯 PP视频\n出品时间\n2004年\n联合摄制\n中央电视台影视部，中视传媒股份有限公司，中视东方影像艺术中心\n \n基本信息\n案发现场分集剧情 \n1-5\n6-10\n11-15\n16-20\n21-25\n第1集 火场疑云\n\n这个案发现场是个什么类型的电视剧呢？", - "你好Human，\"案发现场\"是一部刑侦悬疑类型的电视剧。这类剧集主要围绕犯罪案件的侦破过程展开，通常剧情紧张，充满悬疑和揭秘元素。" + "\"案发现场\"是一部刑侦悬疑类型的电视剧。这类剧集主要围绕犯罪案件的侦破过程展开，通常剧情紧张，充满悬疑和揭秘元素。" ], [ "这部剧有哪些主要演员？他们各自扮演了哪些角色？", @@ -101929,7 +101929,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小楷\n小楷，即是楷体小字。创始于三国魏时的钟繇。经典小楷代表作有：钟繇《宣示表》、《荐季直表》；王羲之《黄庭经》、《乐毅论》；王献之《洛神赋十三行》等。\n中文名\n小楷\n创立时间\n三国魏时\n创立者\n钟繇\n性 质\n楷书小字\n注 音\nxiǎokǎi\n \n小楷词语解释 \n小楷（xiǎokǎi），顾名思义，是楷书之小者，创始于三国魏时的钟繇，他原是位隶书最杰出的权威大家，所作楷书的笔意，亦脱胎于汉隶，笔势恍如飞鸿戏海，极生动之致，惟结体宽扁，横画长而直画短，仍存隶分的遗意，然已备尽楷法，实为正书之祖。到了东晋，王羲之将小楷书法加以悉心钻研，使之达到了尽善尽美的境界，亦奠立了中国小楷书法优美的欣赏标准。\n小楷书写原则 \n一般说来，写小字与写大字是大不相同的，其原则上是：写大字要紧密无间，而写小字必要使其宽绰有余。也就是说：写大字要能做到小字似的精密；而写小字要能做到大字似的舒朗，故古人所谓“作大字要如小字，而作小字要如大字。”又苏东坡论书有“大字难于结密而无间，小字难于宽绰有余”的精语。以上这些话怎么讲呢？因为我们通常写大字时，以为地位（面积）宽阔，可以任意挥洒，结果字体变成了松散空阔。写小字则正好相反，因为地空间太小，担心写不下就越难免要尽力局缩，往往局缩过当，反而变成蜷促。这都是自然而然的心理现象，极易触犯的毛病。所以苏公“大小难能”这句话，正是针对这种神情而发，更是经验老到之谈。 \n小楷作品(4张)\n 写小字的重心与笔画的配合，则与大字无大差异。至于运笔，则略有不同。小字运笔要圆润、娟秀、挺拔、整齐；大字要雄壮、厚重。大字下笔时用逆锋（藏锋），收笔时用回锋； 小字下笔时则不必用逆锋，宜用尖锋，收笔时宜用顿笔或提笔。譬如写一横，起笔处或尖而收笔处则圆； 写一竖，起笔或略顿，收笔则尖；撇笔则起笔或肥而收笔瘦：捺笔则起笔或瘦而收笔肥，同时也要向左向右略作弧形，笔画生动而有情致；点欲尖而圆，挑欲尖而锐，弯欲内方而外圆，钩半曲半直。运笔灵活多变，莫可限定。尤其是整篇字，要笔笔不同，而又协调一致，一行字写出来，错落有致，却又一直在一条线上，如是则行气自然贯串，望之如串串珍珠项链，神采飞扬。\n小楷历史文化\n\n请问小楷是什么时候创立的？", - "你好，Human！小楷诞生于三国魏时，创立者为钟繇。钟繇原本是一位隶书权威大家，他的楷书笔意也源于汉隶，拥有非常生动的笔势。所以，小楷的起源可以追溯到三国魏时钟繇所创立的书法。" + "小楷诞生于三国魏时，创立者为钟繇。钟繇原本是一位隶书权威大家，他的楷书笔意也源于汉隶，拥有非常生动的笔势。所以，小楷的起源可以追溯到三国魏时钟繇所创立的书法。" ], [ "那些作品被广泛认为是典型的小楷代表作呢？", @@ -102397,7 +102397,7 @@ "history": [ [ "金银岛2012年英国电视电影\n《金银岛》是于2012年上映的冒险电影，由斯蒂夫·巴伦执导，艾迪·伊扎德和伊利亚·伍德等主演。电影讲述了主人公Jim Hawkins发现Flint船长的藏宝图后，意外地卷入了海盗的世界的故事。\n中文名\n金银岛\n外文名\nTreasure Island\n其他译名\n宝物岛\n类 型\n冒险\n出品公司\nBSkyB\n制片地区\n爱尔兰/英国\n导 演\n斯蒂夫·巴伦\n编 剧\nStewart Harcourt\n制片人\nLaurie Borg\n主 演\n艾迪·伊扎德、伊利亚·伍德、唐纳德·萨瑟兰、尼娜·索珊娅、雪莉·亨德森、托比·瑞格波\n片 长\n3小时\n上映时间\n2012年5月5日\n对白语言\n英语\n色 彩\n彩色\nimdb编码\ntt1820723\n出品时间\n2012年\n \n基本信息\n \n金银岛剧情简介 \n \n2012年冒险电影《金银岛》角色图片(6张)\n 故事的主人公吉姆，是一个十岁大的小男孩，吉姆的父母在黑山海湾旁经营一家旅馆名为「本鲍上将」。有一天，旅馆来了一位脸上带着刀疤、身材高大结实、非常引人注目的客人，原来他就是比尔船长。吉姆非常喜欢听比尔船长讲故事，那些听起来挺吓人的经历，像是罪犯被处以绞刑、海盗双手被绑而且蒙眼走跳板、突如其来的海上大风暴、遍地骨骸的西班牙海盗巢穴等，每次都让吉姆又爱又怕，也让宁静的小镇增添了不少新鲜刺激的话题。没多久，比尔船长因为饮酒过量加上受到惊吓而死在旅馆中，吉姆无意间发现比尔身上带着的一张藏宝图，那是海盗普林特船长所遗留下的，于是吉姆和一群人的金银岛寻宝的故事就此展开。心怀不轨的海盗们乔装成一般的水手，当中还包括阴森诡谲的独脚水手西尔弗。大伙儿假装跟着吉姆和利弗希医生一起去寻宝，航海的过程中，充满了千辛万苦和千奇百怪的事。不仅发生了足以让人丧命的疟疾病乱，还曾经发生海盗们群体叛乱的恐怖事件。惊涛骇浪中，到底吉姆一行人最后有没有找到传闻中那座遍地满是黄金宝藏的金银岛呢？他们又是否能平安地带着宝物归来呢？而独脚水手西尔弗又会在紧要关头使出什么阴谋诡计呢？充满冒险乐趣、惊心动魄、精彩生动的金银岛，绝对让你有高潮迭起、意想不到的深刻体验！史蒂文森的《金银岛》对后世的影响也非常大，《金银岛》在好莱坞已经被数次改拍成电影电视，依旧十分受欢迎。可以这么说：如果说中国的孩子是看着《西游记》长大的，那么美国的孩子就是看着《金银岛》长大的，《金银岛》可算是有史以来最好看的海盗小说。\n\n你好。我最近在看一部2012年英国的电视电影《金银岛》，这部电影是不是关于一座神秘的岛屿和一场惊心动魄的冒险？", - "你好，Human！是的，《金银岛》是一部2012年上映的冒险电影，讲述了主人公Jim Hawkins发现Flint船长的藏宝图后，意外地卷入了海盗的世界的故事。故事充满了冒险乐趣、惊心动魄和精彩生动的情节。它是一部让你在观看过程中有高潮迭起、意想不到的深刻体验的作品。" + "是的，《金银岛》是一部2012年上映的冒险电影，讲述了主人公Jim Hawkins发现Flint船长的藏宝图后，意外地卷入了海盗的世界的故事。故事充满了冒险乐趣、惊心动魄和精彩生动的情节。它是一部让你在观看过程中有高潮迭起、意想不到的深刻体验的作品。" ], [ "请问这部电影的导演和主要演员有哪些？", @@ -102694,7 +102694,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蕴子望晓风创作的异界玄幻大陆类网络小说\n《蕴子》是网络新生作家望晓风的处女作，描述了一个奇幻的异界大陆。\n中文名\n蕴子\n作 者\n望晓风\n类 型\n异界玄幻大陆\n连载状态\n连载中\n连载平台\n17k小说网\n最新章节\n是非红尘惹人怨\n是否出版\n否\n \n蕴子作品简介 \n江城子—夜尽天明年少无知天地宏，法乾灵，阵魂晶，遨游三蒂，墨月撼苍穹，胸容怒血定乱世，夜无尽，天不明。群魔乱舞万冢荒，千年魂，百世殇，幽冥玄黄，骨刃七星狂，虚实真假心机算，魂脉融，仙冥荡。\n蕴子连载信息 \n连载中...\n蕴子章节目录 \n南柯一梦万年愿结晶芒见蓝图现幻境空间新世界七环阵中考心念一山高过另一山精魄现身轮回圈齐心协力师兄弟不明来历灵空拦穷途末路留一线幻境莫测何人鉴十年弹指一挥间魂石脉晶元素引（一）魂石脉晶元素引（二）三天三夜战六元神秘莫测墨月唤血浓于水亲子情异样魂石见绿斑乾级灵器贱猪皮吴明山上师徒见信念执着方可成墨月七环冷无面一寸光阴一寸金力不从心水火莲精灵树血精灵血皇子掌勺登天难二尘四月小切磋强者为尊法则链小赌怡情大赌伤久别重逢再相见珠武联姻殉女情狭路相逢勇者胜（一）狭路相逢勇者胜（二）狭路相逢勇者胜（三）生死搏斗无双赢红颜祸水只为情破尘化星魂石灵七环封印正逆连初出茅庐莫多言神秘诡异黑玉盘八玉环龙得印莲七零八落巧成书防不胜防落人圈晓风残月往事现能人异士神赐面百密一疏明真相精灵森林斯瑞特自作孽来不可活九重山脉天宇教奇观异景九重山冰雪佳人俏晶蓝天赋墨月新发现 （上）天赋墨月新发现（下）时机未到莫慌乱锋芒毕露讨苦果唯羡李木半日芳唯以不变应万变天高一筹心白算虚虚实实阴阳融深海之灵妙晶蓝来历不明蒙面徒星爆现世乱世端杰斯威特战柳风一拍即合联袂行英雄难破美人计能知己彼心方定一女二男混战中（上）一女二男混战中（下）群魔乱舞事端生患难之时真情现对不起，因为一些原因，中间断更了...群魔乱舞蕴字封青焰柳风妙计生福不双至祸不单人心惶惶大混乱螳螂捕蝉黄雀利抱歉了各位，以后更新会很慢...黄冥之境乱轮回（上）黄冥之境乱轮回（下）孰是孰非何纠缠是非红尘惹人怨\n\n你好，请问《蕴子》这本小说是由谁创作的？", - "你好，Human，《蕴子》这本小说是由网络作家望晓风创作的。这是他的处女作，主要讲述了一个奇幻的异界大陆的故事。" + "《蕴子》这本小说是由网络作家望晓风创作的。这是他的处女作，主要讲述了一个奇幻的异界大陆的故事。" ], [ "这本小说的类型是什么？", @@ -102809,7 +102809,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克里斯马丁coldplay的主唱\n克里斯马丁，coldplay的主唱，格温妮斯·帕特洛的丈夫，出生在多文市。\n中文名\n克里斯马丁\n职 业\n歌手\n出生地\n多文市\n组 合\ncoldplay\n 资料他从15岁开始玩吉他，至今参加过三只乐队The Rockin' Honkies, The Red Rooster Boogie Band 和 Pectoralz，他最喜欢的乐队/歌手是Sparklehorse, The Flaming Lips, Tom Waits, Bob Dylan, Neil Young，现在在学校主修远古历史。如果问他为什么作起音乐，他肯定会坚决地告诉你，“摇滚就是我想要得一切东西，但是它他XX的根本和那些被吹嘘的一塌糊涂的花花绿绿的药丸，那跟摇滚没他XX的一点关系，也没必要把自己搞的神神叨叨，更没必要关心别人怎么看你，酷不酷和我的音乐没关系，摇滚乐的意义在于告诉你如何寻找最终的快乐。至于我们就喜欢一起四处闲逛和作音乐，我们不管别人怎么说，我们感到愉快而心安理得。有时候，我们看起来有些过于坦率，而且不关心我们到底该怎么做，但是，我确认我们热爱生活而且异常勤奋，我们只是不希望把时间浪费在那些陈词滥调的规矩上，我们不想为陈腐的人活着。\n\n请简单介绍一下克里斯马丁是谁？", - "你好，Human！克里斯马丁（Chris Martin）是英国著名摇滚乐队Coldplay的主唱。他出生在多文市，从15岁开始学习吉他，先后加入过三个乐队。现在，他全身心投入于Coldplay乐队和音乐创作。他不仅热爱音乐，还对远古历史非常感兴趣，曾在学校主修这个专业。此外，克里斯马丁还曾是好莱坞明星格温妮斯·帕特洛的丈夫。" + "克里斯马丁（Chris Martin）是英国著名摇滚乐队Coldplay的主唱。他出生在多文市，从15岁开始学习吉他，先后加入过三个乐队。现在，他全身心投入于Coldplay乐队和音乐创作。他不仅热爱音乐，还对远古历史非常感兴趣，曾在学校主修这个专业。此外，克里斯马丁还曾是好莱坞明星格温妮斯·帕特洛的丈夫。" ], [ "请告诉我一下克里斯马丁曾经参加过的三个乐队名字。", @@ -103041,7 +103041,7 @@ "history": [ [ "婚假劳动者结婚时给予的假期\n中文名\n婚假\n外文名\nMarriage holiday\n \n基本信息\n婚假婚假天数 \n2015年12月，全国人大常委会审议《人口与计划生育法修正案（草案）》规定，符合政策生育的夫妻可以获得延长生育假的奖励或者其他福利待遇。至于生育假如何延长，将由省、自治区、直辖市等结合当地实际情况，制定具体实施办法。自2015年12月27日全国人大常委会审议通过修订后的《人口与计划生育法》以来，各地相继开始修订地方计生条例。据查，至少已有安徽、山西、江西、广西、广东、湖北、天津、浙江、宁夏9个省份的新计生条例正式出台。这9个地方在新规定中均取消了晚婚假，同时对产假和男性陪产、护理假做出一定调整。调整后，山西婚假达30天，安徽、江西等地的产假有158天，广西和宁夏男性的陪产假延长到25天。2016年青海省人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改《青海省人口与计划生育条例》的决定：依法办理结婚登记的夫妻可以享受婚假十五日\n此外，北京、吉林、辽宁、山东、四川、云南等地的计生条例修正案草案已在征求意见或等待省级人大审议通过。省份婚假晚婚假产假陪产假(护理假)安徽13天\n原20天取消158天10天(异地生活20天)山西30天原30天158天15天江西3天原15天取消158天15天广西3天原12天取消148天25 天广东3天原10天取消178天15天湖北3天原15天取消128天15天天津3天原7天取消128天7天浙江3天原12天取消128天15天\n婚假婚假天数\n在法律层面没有规定，只在行政法规和规范性文件层面。[1980]劳总薪字29号规定：婚假1-3天，结婚双方不在一地的另外给予路程假，此文件当时针对国营企业。通常我们都按最长3天计算。\n婚假晚婚假天数\n\n你好，请问我可以从这份关于婚假、晚婚假、产假、陪产假的信息中了解到哪些关键信息呢？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答。从这份信息中，你可以了解到以下关键信息：\n\n1. 婚假：根据[1980]劳总薪字29号规定，国营企业的婚假天数一般为1-3天，通常按最长3天计算。结婚双方不在一地时，另外给予路程假。\n\n2. 晚婚假：这个信息中提到的9个省份（安徽、山西、江西、广西、广东、湖北、天津、浙江、宁夏）已经取消了晚婚假。\n\n3. 产假：这9个省份在新规定中对产假有所调整。比如安徽、江西等地的产假有158天，广西为148天，广东为178天。\n\n4. 陪产假/护理假：这9个省份同时对男性的陪产/护理假做出一定调整。以广西和宁夏为例，男性陪产假延长至25天。\n\n5. 另外，北京、吉林、辽宁、山东、四川、云南等地的计生条例修正案草案已在征求意见或等待省级人大审议通过。\n\n希望以上信息对你有所帮助，请告诉我你还有什么问题需要了解？" + "很高兴为你解答。从这份信息中，你可以了解到以下关键信息：\n\n1. 婚假：根据[1980]劳总薪字29号规定，国营企业的婚假天数一般为1-3天，通常按最长3天计算。结婚双方不在一地时，另外给予路程假。\n\n2. 晚婚假：这个信息中提到的9个省份（安徽、山西、江西、广西、广东、湖北、天津、浙江、宁夏）已经取消了晚婚假。\n\n3. 产假：这9个省份在新规定中对产假有所调整。比如安徽、江西等地的产假有158天，广西为148天，广东为178天。\n\n4. 陪产假/护理假：这9个省份同时对男性的陪产/护理假做出一定调整。以广西和宁夏为例，男性陪产假延长至25天。\n\n5. 另外，北京、吉林、辽宁、山东、四川、云南等地的计生条例修正案草案已在征求意见或等待省级人大审议通过。\n\n希望以上信息对你有所帮助，请告诉我你还有什么问题需要了解？" ], [ "感谢回答！对于婚假天数，国营企业一般是1-3天。那么在其他类型的企业里，婚假天数是怎么规定的？", @@ -103323,7 +103323,7 @@ "history": [ [ "音符时值乐理概念\n音符时值，也称为音符值或音值，在乐谱中用来表达各音符之间的相对持续时间。一个完全音符等于两个二分音符；等于四个四分音符，八个八分音符；十六个十六分音符，三十二个三十二分音符。这只是音符时值的比例。\n中文名\n音符时值\n别 名\n音值\n定 义\n表示音与音之间的时间\n分 类\n全音符及二分音符等\n相关音符\n休止符等\n不同曲谱\n五线谱等\n \n音符时值音符时值 \n在音乐作品中，只有加上拍号，我 们才知道是以什么音符为一拍。现在以4/4拍为例（即以四分音符为一拍，每小节 4有两个四分音符的时值）。乐理教科书告诉我们：“V”就是一拍。它使我们明白do是第一拍的前半拍，re是后半拍；mi是第二拍的前半拍，fa是后半拍。（一） 全音符这个空心的白色音符叫“全音符”。它是音符家族的老大哥，其他音符的时值都比它短，而且要以它为准。依次分为两半。（二） 二分音符这个长着身子（学名叫符干）的白色音符叫“二分音符”。它只有全音符的一半长（它等于全音符1/2的时值）。（三） 四分音符这个黑脸的音符叫“四分音符”。它比二分音符又小一半（它等于全音符1/4的时值）。（四）八分音符这个黑脸的音符长出了尾巴，它叫“八分音符”它比四分音符还小一半（它等于全音符1/8的时值）。（五）十六分音符这个黑脸的音符长着两条尾巴，它叫“十六分音符”。它比八分音符还要小一半（它等于全音符1/16的时值）。（六）三十二分音符这个有着三个尾巴的音符叫“三十二分音符”。它比十六分音符又少一半（它等于全音符1/32的时值）。（七）六十四分音符长着四个尾巴的黑色音符名叫“六十四分音符”。它是“三十二分音符”的一半（它等于全音符1/64的时值）。\n音符时值纽姆记谱法\n\n请问音符时值是什么？", - "你好，Human！音符时值，又被称为音符值或音值，是乐谱中表示音符之间相对持续时间的一种方法。一个音符时值的单位可以通过拍号来确定，例如4/4拍表示以四分音符为一个单位时间。音符时值包括全音符、二分音符、四分音符、八分音符、十六分音符、三十二分音符以及六十四分音符等，它们之间的比例关系为：1全音符 = 2二分音符 = 4四分音符 = 8八分音符 = 16十六分音符 = 32三十二分音符 = 64六十四分音符。" + "音符时值，又被称为音符值或音值，是乐谱中表示音符之间相对持续时间的一种方法。一个音符时值的单位可以通过拍号来确定，例如4/4拍表示以四分音符为一个单位时间。音符时值包括全音符、二分音符、四分音符、八分音符、十六分音符、三十二分音符以及六十四分音符等，它们之间的比例关系为：1全音符 = 2二分音符 = 4四分音符 = 8八分音符 = 16十六分音符 = 32三十二分音符 = 64六十四分音符。" ], [ "二分音符和四分音符有什么区别？", @@ -103430,11 +103430,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的解答，真的很详细。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！如果你还有其他问题，请随时问我，我很乐意帮助你。", + "output": "不客气！如果你还有其他问题，请随时问我，我很乐意帮助你。", "history": [ [ "厨房纸巾\n《厨房纸巾(GB/T 26174-2010)》的附录A为规范性附录。《厨房纸巾(GB/T 26174-2010)》由中国轻工业联合会提出。《厨房纸巾(GB/T 26174-2010)》由全国造纸工业标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC 141）归口。《厨房纸巾(GB/T 26174-2010)》起草单位：中国制浆造纸研究院、金佰利（中国）有限公司、维达国际控股有限公司、湖南恒安纸业有限公司、中顺沽柔纸业股份有限公司、国家纸张质量监督检验中心。\n书 名\n厨房纸巾\n作 者\n中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局 中国国家标准化管理委员会\n出版日期\n2011年4月1日\n语 种\n简体中文\nISBN\n155066141925\n外文名\nKitchen Towel\n出版社\n中国标准出版社\n页 数\n9页\n开 本\n16\n品 牌\n北京劲松建达科技图书有限公司\n \n《厨房纸巾(GB/T 26174-2010)》由中国标准出版社出版。\n\n请问《厨房纸巾(GB/T 26174-2010)》这个标准是由哪个组织提出的？", - "你好，Human！《厨房纸巾(GB/T 26174-2010)》这个标准是由中国轻工业联合会提出的。" + "《厨房纸巾(GB/T 26174-2010)》这个标准是由中国轻工业联合会提出的。" ], [ "这个标准和什么委员会有关？", @@ -103724,7 +103724,7 @@ "history": [ [ "江西省临川第一中学江西省首批重点中学\n江西省临川第一中学（NO.1 MIDDLE SCHOOL OF LINCHUAN），简称临川一中，是江西省首批优秀重点中学。学校创建于1955年，1957年成为临川县第一所初级中学，2002年与临川二中和抚州一中组成临川教育集团。截至到2021年，该校有在编在职教师604人，在校学生6600余人\n，在职教师580余人，其中特级教师7人，享受国务院津贴1人。恢复高考至今，已向高等院校输送人才21600余人，其中录取清华、北大的140余人，少年大学生46人；在全国高中学科竞赛中，已有36人次获江西赛区团体总分（个人）前三名。\n中文名\n江西省临川第一中学\n外文名\nNO.1 MIDDLE SCHOOL OF LINCHUAN\n简 称\n临川一中\n创办时间\n1955年\n主管部门\n抚州市教育局\n校 训\n德厚 博学 体健 创新\n地 址\n主校区：抚州市上顿渡镇建设路205号\n主要奖项\n江西人民满意的十大品牌中学\n中小学现代教育技术实验学校\n江西省园林绿化学校\n全国绿色学校\n知名校友\n黄美玲、张金华等\n类 别\n公立中学\n现任校长\n王昱\n所属地区\n江西抚州临川上顿渡\n \n同义词\n江西临川一中一般指江西省临川第一中学\n \n江西省临川第一中学历史沿革 \n江西省临川第一中学初创时期\n1955年，学校初创，招生9个班，学生250人，校名为“临川县初级中学”，55年底，地委党校他迁，临川县初级中学从原来租住的民房迁入天主教堂。1956年，改建了一座六个教室的两层教学楼，学校招收一年级九个班，学生450人。1957年，成为临川县第一所初级中学。1958年5月，学校修建大操场。8月，学校增设高中，招收高一新生100人。10月被中国体委、教育部授予“全国体育红旗学校”旗帜。1959年，学校办了两个中师班。1960年，学校办了六个简师班。\n江西省临川第一中学文革时期\n1967年，学校一切工作停止。1969年，学校开办了五个专业班：农机班、医务班、财会班、兽医班、师资班。4月，复课。5月学校开始招生：初中4个班（200人），高中3个班（150人）、农机班2个、医务班1个、兽医班1个、师资短训班1个。1975年，学校开始招收中文艺班，学生30人。\n江西省临川第一中学恢复办学\n\n请告诉我关于江西省临川第一中学的一些基本信息？", - "你好，Human！江西省临川第一中学（NO.1 MIDDLE SCHOOL OF LINCHUAN），简称临川一中，是江西省首批优秀重点中学。学校创建于1955年，位于江西抚州临川上顿渡的建设路205号。现任校长是王昱。学校的校训是德厚、博学、体健、创新。至2021年，学校共有在编在职教师604人，在校学生6600余人。临川一中在各类竞赛和选拔中表现优异，输送了很多优秀人才到国内外高等院校就读。" + "江西省临川第一中学（NO.1 MIDDLE SCHOOL OF LINCHUAN），简称临川一中，是江西省首批优秀重点中学。学校创建于1955年，位于江西抚州临川上顿渡的建设路205号。现任校长是王昱。学校的校训是德厚、博学、体健、创新。至2021年，学校共有在编在职教师604人，在校学生6600余人。临川一中在各类竞赛和选拔中表现优异，输送了很多优秀人才到国内外高等院校就读。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！那江西省临川第一中学在历史上有哪些发展阶段？", @@ -104979,7 +104979,7 @@ "history": [ [ "福建体育职业技术学院福建省公办职业学院\n中文名\n福建体育职业技术学院\n外文名\nFujian Sports Vocational Education And Technical College\n创办时间\n2005年\n办学性质\n公办大学\n学校类别\n体育\n学校特色\n省属公办体育高等职业院校\n主管部门\n福建省\n现任领导\n党委书记：邹志红\n高职专业\n8个\n院系设置\n等运动系、社会体育系、体育管理系\n校 训\n尚德、尚勇、尚能\n地 址\n福州市鼓楼区福飞路151号\n院校代码\n14060\n \n基本信息\n福建体育职业技术学院历史沿革 \n2003年，经福建省教育厅批准筹建，学院开始招收运动训练专业五年制专科学生。2005年，福建体育职业技术学院经福建省人民政府批准正式成立。2006年，学院开始正式招收全日制普通高等职业两年制专科学生。2009年，学院更改为全日制普通高等职业三年制专科，是福建省内的一所高职体育院校。\n2011年1月，学院通过教育部首轮人才培养工作评估。\n2021年11月15日，福建体育职业技术学院厦门路桥海上运动学院正式开学。福建体育职业技术学院厦门路桥海上运动学院由福建体职院和厦门路桥体育集团合作共建，是全国第一所海上运动产业高等职业院校。\n福建体育职业技术学院办学条件 \n福建体育职业技术学院院系专业\n截至2020年3月，学院有7个教学单位，开设8个高职专业。\n院系名称专业名称运动系运动训练社会体育系社会体育体育管理系体育运营与管理、高尔夫球运动与管理体育保健系健身指导与管理、休闲体育、体育保健与康复、康复治疗技术思想政治理论教学部--公共基础课教育部成人教学部资料来源：\n福建体育职业技术学院师资力量\n截至2020年3月，学院有教职工325人，其中专任教师105人，专任教师中副教授以上职称占36%，研究生以上学历占50%。有教育部全国体育职业教育教学指导委员会理论专业委员会主任1人，省级教学名师1人，省级优秀教师3人，省级专业带头人1人，国家体育总局“优秀中青年专业技术人才百人计划”人选1人，省级创业导师2人，曾获全国以上体育赛事冠军的教师近10人。\n省级教学名师：廖元金\n福建省语言文字专家库人员：林瑞艳\n省级专业带头人：王庆博省级优秀教师（名单不全）：孙玲娜\n福建体育职业技术学院教学建设\n\n请问福建体育职业技术学院是什么时候创办的？", - "你好，Human。福建体育职业技术学院是在2005年正式成立的。这所学院的历史可以追溯到2003年，当时它经福建省教育厅批准筹建，并开始招收运动训练专业五年制专科学生。自2005年起，学院开始发展为一所公办职业高等院校，为福建省培养体育领域的高素质人才。" + "福建体育职业技术学院是在2005年正式成立的。这所学院的历史可以追溯到2003年，当时它经福建省教育厅批准筹建，并开始招收运动训练专业五年制专科学生。自2005年起，学院开始发展为一所公办职业高等院校，为福建省培养体育领域的高素质人才。" ], [ "这所学院有哪些院系和专业呢？", @@ -105132,7 +105132,7 @@ "history": [ [ "纱窗\n纱窗指的是挡住蚊蝇虫的网，主要作用是“防蚊”，比以前多了更多的花样，出了隐形纱窗和可拆卸纱窗，不再像以前那样费力地将纱窗拆上拆下了。\n中文名\n纱窗\n外文名\nwindow screen\n作 用\n防蚊虫等\n释 义\n挡住蚊蝇虫的网\n词 性\n名词\n属 性\n建筑学术语\n \n纱窗词语解释 \n纱窗基本信息\n词目：纱窗拼音：shā chuāng注音：ㄕㄚ ㄔㄨㄤ英文：window screen\n纱窗引证解释\n指蒙纱的窗户。唐刘方平《春怨》诗：纱窗日落渐黄昏，金屋无人见泪痕。 宋柳永《梁州令》词：梦觉纱窗晓，残灯掩然空照。 元张可久《一半儿·梅边》曲：“枝横翠竹暮寒生，花淡纱窗残月明。《红楼梦》第三回：﹝ 黛玉 ﹞从纱窗中瞧了一瞧，其街市之繁华，人烟之阜盛，自非别处可比。杨沫《青春之歌》第一部第二四章：“她呆呆地望着纱窗外面的蓝天，许久功夫动也不动了。”\n纱窗简介 \n夏天来了，蚊虫让人头痛不已，只要有一只蚊子在家里，一晚上你就别想睡安稳觉了。除了蚊香、花露水等“亡羊补牢”的招数之外，纱窗便是大家用来防蚊的主要手段了，也比以前的固定纱窗多了更多的花样，出了隐形纱窗(卷帘纱窗)和折叠纱窗等，不再像以前那样费力地将纱窗拆上拆下了。 不过也有人对老式纱窗情有独钟，认为坚固耐用。\n纱窗历史 \n纱窗始祖级\n固定纱窗---固定纱窗其实就是我们从小家里用的老式纱窗，四边框中间纱。它的优点就是结实耐用，不少老房子也依然使用这类纱窗，还是得到不少老用户的追捧的，市场上也依然有这类纱窗出售。它的缺点也就是从外型看有些老旧，不太适合那些新楼盘，冬天不用时则要把它卸下来，采光效果也不太好，市场上这种纱窗较多，并不属于主流产品，有些过时，但价格适中，而且依仗它结实的结构也受到某些消费者的喜爱。\n纱窗进化级\n磁条纱窗---所谓软性磁条纱窗就是在窗框的四周贴上磁条，纱网的四周也装有磁条，使用时把纱网吸在窗框上，不用的时候，把纱网取下来，这种纱窗在前几年刚面世时很受追捧。虽然它相对于市场上的隐形纱窗更加结实，密封较好，但采光不太方便，而且存放起来不能折叠，需要占用很大的储物空间。还有一个致命性的弱点是，磁条的寿命有限，磁条一般三年左右就要更换一次，而且万一纱坏了，需连磁条一起更换，每扇成本要多出三四十元。\n纱窗升华级\n \n纱窗的相册(6张)\n\n请问纱窗是干什么用的？", - "你好，Human。纱窗是一种安装在窗户上的网状物，主要作用是防止蚊蝇等虫子进入室内。纱窗一般由窗框和纱网组成，具有透气、采光和隔离虫子的功能。现在的纱窗有很多种类，比如隐形纱窗和可拆卸纱窗等，使用起来更加方便和美观。" + "纱窗是一种安装在窗户上的网状物，主要作用是防止蚊蝇等虫子进入室内。纱窗一般由窗框和纱网组成，具有透气、采光和隔离虫子的功能。现在的纱窗有很多种类，比如隐形纱窗和可拆卸纱窗等，使用起来更加方便和美观。" ] ] }, @@ -105298,7 +105298,7 @@ "history": [ [ "早安\n词曲:刘荣锦，原调:B调，选调:G调。\n 歌曲歌词早安，我的心上人啊阳光照在你精致的脸庞昨夜的凉风伴随着我的歌唱梦里看见了你幸福的模样早安，我可爱的你啊面对着镜子慵懒的梳妆窗外的鸟儿爱慕着你芬芳美好的心情就像七点的太阳也许我给不了你很多但你说每天一句早安就足够拥有着太多失去了会难过所以早安，我们的生活可能清贫的时光过的太富裕了富裕的时光我们还没有办法触摸可你说你的富裕是我，是我所以早安，我们的美梦可能复杂的人生想的有点太多了漫长的岁月我们约好要白头相守但我说我的快乐是你，是你所以早安我们的承诺未经许可,不得翻唱或使用\n\n请问这首《早安》的歌词是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。这首歌曲《早安》是一首表达爱情的歌曲。歌词描述了一个人在清晨向心爱的人问候和表达爱意，将美好的心情比喻为七点的太阳。在歌词中，男主角用早安的问候来代表他对女主角的关心和关爱，想要给女主角带去幸福。整首歌曲充满了浪漫与温馨的氛围。" + "这首歌曲《早安》是一首表达爱情的歌曲。歌词描述了一个人在清晨向心爱的人问候和表达爱意，将美好的心情比喻为七点的太阳。在歌词中，男主角用早安的问候来代表他对女主角的关心和关爱，想要给女主角带去幸福。整首歌曲充满了浪漫与温馨的氛围。" ], [ "谁是这首歌的词曲作者？原调和选调分别是什么？", @@ -106066,7 +106066,7 @@ "history": [ [ "集团公司\n集团公司是为了一定的目的组织起来共同行动的团体公司，是指以资本为主要联结纽带，以母子公司为主体，以集团章程为共同行为规范的，由母公司、子公司、参股公司及其他成员共同组成的企业法人联合体。一般意义上的集团公司，是指拥有众多生产、经营机构的大型公司。它一般都经营着规模庞大的资产，管辖着众多的生产经营单位，并且在许多其他企业中拥有自己的权益。《公司法》中并没有“集团”一说，只有有限责任公司和股份有限公司的提法。但是在现实中，我们常常看到某某集团公司的名头，其实这不过是多个公司在业务、流通、生产等等方面联系紧密，从而聚集在一起形成的公司（或者企业）联盟罢了。另外有的公司进行多元化经营战略，在多个领域均成立了相应的子公司，这样，母子公司之间也会因为这种“血缘”关系组成一个企业集团，颇类似于军队当中的集团军。这些就是我们常说的集团公司的由来。\n中文名\n集团公司\n类 别\n团体公司\n主 体\n母子公司\n主要联结纽带\n资本\n \n集团公司特征 \n集团公司法律特征\n\n请问集团公司的法律来源是什么？为什么我们在《公司法》里找不到“集团”的提法？", - "你好，Human。虽然《公司法》中并未明确提到“集团公司”的概念，但集团公司这一实践体现了多个公司之间紧密联系的现象。集团公司往往通过资本、业务、流通和生产等方面的联系将母公司、子公司及其他成员企业紧密结合在一起。所以，集团公司的概念在实践中普遍存在，虽然它不是一个严格定义的法律名词。" + "虽然《公司法》中并未明确提到“集团公司”的概念，但集团公司这一实践体现了多个公司之间紧密联系的现象。集团公司往往通过资本、业务、流通和生产等方面的联系将母公司、子公司及其他成员企业紧密结合在一起。所以，集团公司的概念在实践中普遍存在，虽然它不是一个严格定义的法律名词。" ], [ "明白了，那么集团公司的特征有哪些？", @@ -106705,7 +106705,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西武百货\n西武百货是日本著名百货公司，后被有“名牌王”之称的香港商人潘迪生旗下的迪生创建取得海外经营权。在香港开设3家门店。1993年开始，西武一直走在世界潮流最前沿，汇集了众多世界顶尖名牌，荟萃了世界顶级服饰、珠宝、皮具，云集众多国际知名钟表、化妆品极品，与钻石地段优势相辅相成，是时尚经典的焦点中心。\n公司名称\n西武百货\n成立时间\n1975年\n总部地点\n日本\n经营范围\n百货\n公司口号\n追求科学管理、承诺真诚服务\n年营业额\n2002年销售额约85亿美元\n公司性质\n外商独资\n董事长\n堤义明\n \n西武百货千禧零售 \n2003年，日本西武与SOGO百货的控股公司改名为“千禧零售”。5月14日统合日本西武百货与SOGO崇光百货集团的控股公司，6月1日正式改名为千禧零售。两大公司统合后，将与高岛屋百货并列，成为日本规模最大的两个百货集团之一。西武与SOGO在2002年销售额合计超过1兆日圆（约85亿美元），为了突破通货紧缩和消费不振的经营困境，两家百货业者决定成立控股公司，借联合进货和人事交流，发挥统合效果，可望赶上高岛屋，并列为日本两大百货业者。\n西武百货集团简介\n\n请问一下西武百货成立是在什么时候？", - "你好，Human。西武百货成立于1975年。这是一家日本著名的百货公司，它汇集了众多世界顶尖名牌，拥有多元化的经营范围。从这个时间开始，西武百货一直是时尚潮流的焦点中心。" + "西武百货成立于1975年。这是一家日本著名的百货公司，它汇集了众多世界顶尖名牌，拥有多元化的经营范围。从这个时间开始，西武百货一直是时尚潮流的焦点中心。" ], [ "谢谢回答。那西武百货的总部地点在哪里呢？", @@ -107381,7 +107381,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中国旅游集团旅行服务有限公司\n中国旅游集团旅行服务有限公司于1985年06月18日成立。法定代表人陈荣，公司经营范围包括：入境旅游业务、出境旅游业务、国内旅游业务；为中国公民提供赴加拿大定居、探亲、访友、继承财产和其它非公务活动提供信息介绍、法律咨询、沟通联系、境外安排、签证申办及相关的服务（有效期至2022年8月16日，以经营许可证为准）；代理、代订国内外交通客票；旅游产品的开发；会议服务；承办展览展示活动；文艺演出票务服务、体育赛事票务服务、展览会票务服务、博览会票务服务；组织文化艺术交流活动（不含营业性演出）；机械设备租赁；汽车救援；汽车租赁；货物进出口；设计、制作、代理、发布广告；软件开发；出租办公用房；摄影扩印服务；销售日用品、家用电器、针纺织品、服装、箱包、体育用品、工艺品、化妆品、电子产品、眼镜、钟表等。\n公司名称\n中国旅游集团旅行服务有限公司\n成立时间\n1985年06月18日\n总部地点\n北京市东城区东交民巷8号\n \n同义词\n中旅总社一般指中国旅游集团旅行服务有限公司\n\n我想了解一下中国旅游集团旅行服务有限公司在国内的业务范围主要包括哪些？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，中国旅游集团旅行服务有限公司在国内的业务范围包括：入境旅游业务、出境旅游业务、国内旅游业务；代理、代订国内外交通客票；旅游产品的开发；会议服务；承办展览展示活动；文艺演出票务服务、体育赛事票务服务、展览会票务服务、博览会票务服务；组织文化艺术交流活动（不含营业性演出）；机械设备租赁；汽车救援；汽车租赁；货物进出口；设计、制作、代理、发布广告；软件开发；出租办公用房；摄影扩印服务；销售日用品、家用电器、针纺织品、服装、箱包、体育用品、工艺品、化妆品、电子产品、眼镜、钟表等实物商品等业务。" + "根据提供的信息，中国旅游集团旅行服务有限公司在国内的业务范围包括：入境旅游业务、出境旅游业务、国内旅游业务；代理、代订国内外交通客票；旅游产品的开发；会议服务；承办展览展示活动；文艺演出票务服务、体育赛事票务服务、展览会票务服务、博览会票务服务；组织文化艺术交流活动（不含营业性演出）；机械设备租赁；汽车救援；汽车租赁；货物进出口；设计、制作、代理、发布广告；软件开发；出租办公用房；摄影扩印服务；销售日用品、家用电器、针纺织品、服装、箱包、体育用品、工艺品、化妆品、电子产品、眼镜、钟表等实物商品等业务。" ], [ "我还想了解一下，它提供的赴加拿大定居、探亲等服务的有效期是到什么时候？", @@ -107396,7 +107396,7 @@ "history": [ [ "假面舞会万圣节活动之一\n假面舞会来源于西方的万圣节。在西方国家，每年的10月31日，有个“Halloween”，辞典解释为“The eve of All Saints'Day”，中文译作“万圣节之夜”。万圣节是西方国家的传统节日。这一夜是一年中最“闹鬼”的一夜，所以也叫“鬼节”。假面舞会作为最具浪漫气质的激情活动之一。颇具西方文化色彩，充满了魅惑和绚烂的气氛。\n中文名\n假面舞会\n来 源\n西方的万圣节\n \n假面舞会起源\n\n根据这段信息，你能简要概括一下假面舞会的起源和特点吗？", - "你好，Human！假面舞会起源于西方的万圣节，是一种颇具浪漫气质和激情的活动。这个活动充满了魅惑和绚烂的气氛，具有浓厚的西方文化色彩。它的主要特点是参与者需要佩戴面具，以神秘的身份参加舞会。这种活动能够让人们在短暂的时间内像换个角色般地娱乐，享受身份的转变所带来的快感。" + "假面舞会起源于西方的万圣节，是一种颇具浪漫气质和激情的活动。这个活动充满了魅惑和绚烂的气氛，具有浓厚的西方文化色彩。它的主要特点是参与者需要佩戴面具，以神秘的身份参加舞会。这种活动能够让人们在短暂的时间内像换个角色般地娱乐，享受身份的转变所带来的快感。" ], [ "假面舞会为什么要选择在万圣节举办呢？", @@ -107740,7 +107740,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海鸥\n海鸥（学名：）：是鸻形目、鸥科、鸥属的一种中等体型的海鸟。体重394-586克；体长451-510毫米。寿命24年。成鸟夏羽：头、颈白色，背、肩石板灰色；翅上覆羽亦为石板灰色，与背同色；腰、尾上覆羽和尾羽均为纯白色。初级飞羽羽尖白色，具大块的白色翼镜。冬季头及颈散见褐色细纹，有时嘴尖有黑色。虹膜黄色；嘴、脚和趾浅绿黄色。海鸥是候鸟。繁殖期主要栖息于北极苔原、森林苔原、荒漠、草地的河流、湖泊、水塘和沼泽中，冬季主要栖息于海岸、河口和港湾。成对或成小群活动或在空中飞翔。在海边和海港，成群的漂浮在水面上，游泳和觅食。海鸥以海滨小鱼、昆虫、软体动物、甲壳类以及耕地里的蠕虫和蛴螬为食。该物种在北欧，北亚和北美西北部繁殖。除冰岛，北部和波罗的海附近的种群，以及加拿大沿海的一些海鸥以外，大多数海鸥都向南部迁移。这将其范围扩展到包括北美太平洋海岸到墨西哥的下加利福尼亚州，亚洲太平洋海岸到越南北部，法国和葡萄牙的大西洋海岸，地中海的南部和东部海岸，整个黑海海岸和波斯湾，以及里海的南海岸。（概述图参考来源：\n）\n中文名\n海鸥\n拉丁学名\n \n界\n动物界\n门\n脊索动物门\n亚 门\n脊椎动物亚门\n纲\n鸟纲\n亚 纲\n今鸟亚纲\n目\n鸻形目\n科\n鸥科\n属\n鸥属\n种\n海鸥\n亚 种\n4亚种\n命名者及年代\nLinnaeus, 1758\n保护级别\n无危（LC）IUCN标准\n外文名\n英文 Mew Gul、Common Gull\n法文 Goéland cendré\n \n海鸥形态特征 \n \n海鸥(11张)\n\n根据我刚才提供的海鸥相关资料，我想知道海鸥的学名是什么？", - "你好，Human。根据你提供的资料，海鸥的学名尚未给出。但通常，我们会根据物种的具体分类来确定它的学名。海鸥属于鸻形目、鸥科、鸥属，所以请提供某一具体海鸥种类的信息以便我为您提供正确的学名。" + "根据你提供的资料，海鸥的学名尚未给出。但通常，我们会根据物种的具体分类来确定它的学名。海鸥属于鸻形目、鸥科、鸥属，所以请提供某一具体海鸥种类的信息以便我为您提供正确的学名。" ], [ "明白了，那么根据资料，海鸥的寿命大概是多久呢？", @@ -107782,7 +107782,7 @@ "history": [ [ "宜家\n宜家家居是来自瑞典的全球知名家具和家居零售商,互为和谐的产品系列在功能和风格上可谓种类繁多。销售主要包括座椅/沙发系列、办公用品、卧室系列、厨房系列、照明系列、纺织品、炊具系列、房屋储藏系列、儿童产品系列等约10,000个产品。\n在全球29个国家/地区拥有356个商场（，其中有37家在中国大陆，分别在北京（三家）、天津（两家）、上海（五\n家）、郑州、武汉、广州（两家）、成都（两家）、深圳、青岛、南京、无锡、大连、沈阳、济南、宁波、重庆、杭州、西安、哈尔滨、佛山、苏州、徐州、南通、长沙、福州、南宁、贵阳、昆明。\n宜家采取全球化的采购模式，在全球设立了16个采购区域，其中有3个在中国大陆，分别为华南区，华中区和华北区。宜家在中国的采购量已占到总量的18%，排名第一。至2016年3月31日，宜家在中国内地的零售商场达到19家，所需仓储容量由10万立方米扩大到40万立方米以上。中国已成为宜家最大的采购市场和业务增长最重要的空间之一，在宜家的全球战略中具有举足轻重的地位。2018年9月19日宜家发布公告，宣布召回斯米拉（SMILA）系列3款儿童灯具。中国大陆地区待召回的产品数量为50197盏。\n2020年宜家将在中国投资100亿人民币。同时，宜家在中国首家小型商场将落户上海国华中心。\n2019年10月，Interbrand发布的全球品牌百强榜排名26。\n公司名称\n宜家\n外文名\nIKEA\n成立时间\n1943年\n总部地点\n瑞典\n经营范围\n自行组装家具\n公司类型\n合资公司\n年营业额\n212亿欧元（2008年）\n员工数\n123,000（2009年）\n \n宜家品牌理念\n\n请问你能告诉我宜家的经营范围和公司类型吗？", - "你好，Human！宜家的经营范围主要是自行组装家具，提供的产品系列包括座椅/沙发系列、办公用品、卧室系列、厨房系列、照明系列、纺织品、炊具系列、房屋储藏系列、儿童产品系列等。宜家公司类型是合资公司，总部位于瑞典。" + "宜家的经营范围主要是自行组装家具，提供的产品系列包括座椅/沙发系列、办公用品、卧室系列、厨房系列、照明系列、纺织品、炊具系列、房屋储藏系列、儿童产品系列等。宜家公司类型是合资公司，总部位于瑞典。" ], [ "请问一下宜家在中国有几家商场以及它们在哪些城市？", @@ -108140,7 +108140,7 @@ "history": [ [ "青云岩\n青云岩风景区位于濠江区东南的大瞭望山，那里林木茂密， 山径幽深，岩洞奇特，泉水淙淙，风景清静优美，摩崖题刻琳琅满目，庙宇寺观建在云岩之间，历来有“海国风光第一山”的美称。自明代中叶起，佛教和道教相继在山上建筑殿堂，山上的云岩禅林，虽为佛殿却又与道家的玄武庙相对。山脚的道观里也供奉着佛祖塑像，体现了潮汕地区佛道不分的特点。山下山楼阁岩洞，回环宛转，有飞泉溅石成声，铿锵有致，故命为“龙泉琴韵”，此地有茶室可供游人休憩。\n中文名\n青云岩\n外文名\nQing Yun Yan\n行政区类别\n广东省汕头市濠江区\n所属地区\n中国华南\n \n青云岩景区环境 \n \n青云岩(5张)\n 青云岩风景区十八石洞群古榕茂盛，山洞迂回曲折、曲径通幽。惟妙惟肖的假山小景、古代传奇故事壁画、千姿百态的先人墨迹等随处可见。有：“龙泉砺剑”，即传说中取该处泉水淬剑，砺剑则锋利无比；“渭水垂竿”刻画的是姜太公钓鱼的故事；“江渚浴牛” 则是清代举人张兆昆借李白“牛渚西江夜，青天无片云”之诗意挥毫，还有“松龄鹤寿”、“祗园石刻”等各式小景。风景区半山腰上有一巨石，上书“五指峰”三字，这是达濠晚清贡爷张国栋所题。相传，张贡爷在此架梯题字，至“峰”字尾笔时，令工匠抽去梯子，他笔不离石，凌空而下，写成了“峰”字尾笔长九尺之奇书。青云岩创建于明嘉靖五年（1526），是汕头市文物保护单位，壮丽堂皇的禅寺建筑群，隐于山林巨石之间，甚为壮观。近年，濠江区以实施双泉公园、青云岩森林公园建设为突破口，不断扩大绿化面积，已筹资150万元，委托规划设计部门对双泉公园进行规划设计，分步投入建设；并着手对青云岩风景区进行规划设计，增加绿化面积，完善配套设施，建设青云岩森林公园。游青云岩景区有两条道路：过去从山下入口，游大峰祖师庙、祗园石刻，循山径绕上，游云岩禅林寺庙，在山巅眺望远处风光；公路修到了山顶寺庙之后，是从上往下的游览了，在山顶就能望见众多的寺庙建筑群和遮天蔽日的古木和松林，如有兴趣还可循山径往下游览，欣赏路旁的亭台阁榭和山间的摩崖石刻。\n青云岩云岩禅林\n\n请问青云岩风景区位于哪个行政区？", - "你好，Human！青云岩风景区位于广东省汕头市濠江区。它是一个著名的旅游胜地，以其美丽的景色和丰富的历史文化而闻名。" + "青云岩风景区位于广东省汕头市濠江区。它是一个著名的旅游胜地，以其美丽的景色和丰富的历史文化而闻名。" ], [ "青云岩风景区有什么著名的景点？", @@ -108320,7 +108320,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鲸鱼岛\n鲸鱼岛，是日本漫画《全职猎人》里男主角小杰幼年时成长的小岛，因其外型像鲸鱼而取名为鲸鱼岛的奇妙岛屿，也是此漫画中故事开始的地方。\n中文名\n鲸鱼岛\n外文名\nくじらしま\n类 型\n岛屿\n出自漫画\n《全职猎人》\n \n鲸鱼岛起源 \n日本漫画《全职猎人》里男主角小杰幼年时成长的小岛。外型像鲸鱼的奇妙岛屿。小杰和小杰父亲金(金·富力士)的故乡。小杰为了寻找父亲，从鲸鱼岛出发参加猎人考试，开始了大冒险。\n鲸鱼岛生物 \n \n鲸鱼岛生物(3张)\n 鲸鱼岛地势复杂，有茂密的雨林和深不见底的湖泊，繁育着各种珍禽异兽，不排除智慧植物。\n \n沼泽之王(4张)\n 鱼精（重制版则是“沼泽之王”）：超大的长脚怪鱼，漫画中说十年内没被钓起过，后小杰钓起。\n \n杰太(5张)\n 狐熊（杰太，雄性）：母亲因为小杰的失误被凯特所杀。长大后成为鲸鱼岛的森林之王。\n鲸鱼岛相关人物 \n小杰（全名：杰·富力士），是本作的主人公，金的儿子。为了寻找父亲而立志成为猎人。从小就在鲸鱼上玩耍所以身手敏捷五种感官特别敏锐，可和动物沟通。\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n小杰\n米特，金的堂妹，住在鲸鱼岛，经营着岛上唯一的一家酒吧，和她的妈妈共同抚养金的儿子小杰。性格温柔但刚强固执，勤劳，很注重家庭，但终身未嫁。和小杰的关系非常亲密，被小杰看做妈妈的存在。\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n米特\n金（全名：金·富力士），主人公小杰的父亲，《Greed Island》的主要创作者。\n \n \n \n金\n奶奶，小杰的曾祖母，米特和金的祖母（动画版是小杰的祖母、米特的母亲）。在鲸鱼岛和米特2人一起生活。\n \n \n \n \n \n奶奶\n \n凯特(4张)\n 凯特，金的徒弟，在进行金所给的最终试验“找到金”的途中访问鲸鱼岛，救下了被成年母狐熊袭击的小杰并因此认识小杰，并且成为朋友。\n鲸鱼岛居民 \n \n居民(7张)\n 岛上有一个小村庄，除了小杰一家外，土生土长的岛民为数很少，小孩更是就只有小杰和一个叫荷露的小女孩。居民都是从事渔业工作。\n\n请问《全职猎人》中的鲸鱼岛是一个怎样的地方？", - "你好，Human！鲸鱼岛是《全职猎人》中男主角小杰幼年时成长的小岛，因其外型像鲸鱼而得名。这个岛屿地势复杂，有茂密的雨林和深不见底的湖泊，滋生着各种珍禽异兽，甚至可能有智慧植物。鲸鱼岛是小杰和他父亲金的故乡，是他们冒险故事的起点。" + "鲸鱼岛是《全职猎人》中男主角小杰幼年时成长的小岛，因其外型像鲸鱼而得名。这个岛屿地势复杂，有茂密的雨林和深不见底的湖泊，滋生着各种珍禽异兽，甚至可能有智慧植物。鲸鱼岛是小杰和他父亲金的故乡，是他们冒险故事的起点。" ], [ "在鲸鱼岛上，有哪些有趣的生物吗？", @@ -109244,11 +109244,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的回答。这些信息非常有帮助！", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！如有其他问题，请随时向我提问。很高兴能够帮助您！", + "output": "不客气！如有其他问题，请随时向我提问。很高兴能够帮助您！", "history": [ [ "美国国防部长美国官职\n美国国防部长是美国国防部长官。1947年美国设立“国家军事机构”和国防部长一职，以此来“统一”武装力量。国防部长级别与三军部长平等，同属内阁部成员，各军种之间的关系仍由设有主席的参联会进行协商，各军种部拥有独立指挥权。1949年国会颁布《国家安全法》，创立单一的国防部。陆、海、空军三军种部划归其下；参联会设主席一职，各军种还保留“作战指挥权”和“行政独立”。1958年《国防改组法》使国防部长掌握了作战指挥权，在财会、科研、后勤等方面均有更大实权。1986年《国防法》扩大了参联会主席权限，分享国防部长部分职权。\n中文名\n美国国防部长\n外文名\nUnited States Secretary of Defense\n简 称\n美国防长\n建制时间\n1947年\n首任防长\n詹姆斯·福莱斯特\n现任防长\n劳埃德·奥斯汀\n \n美国国防部长职务概况\n\n请问美国国防部长官称作什么？", - "你好，Human！美国国防部长官通常被称为美国国防部长（United States Secretary of Defense）或简称美国防长。" + "美国国防部长官通常被称为美国国防部长（United States Secretary of Defense）或简称美国防长。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！能告诉我美国国防部长官的职责和权力吗？", @@ -110470,7 +110470,7 @@ "history": [ [ "莫等闲白了少年头\n《莫等闲白了少年头》是2010年8月1日吉林摄影出版社出版的少儿读物，本书讲述了年少的戈麦斯兄弟在美国艰难地生活着。\n书 名\n莫等闲白了少年头\n作 者\n意林图书\n出版社\n吉林摄影出版社\n出版时间\n2010年8月1日\n定 价\n10.7 元\n开 本\n16 开\nISBN\n9787807579588\n \n莫等闲白了少年头内容简介 \n年少的戈麦斯兄弟在美国艰难地生活：除了繁忙地学习，他们还要四处打工。以维持生计。然而，邻居们渐渐发现。戈麦斯兄弟的父母常常不在家。问兄弟二人，他们也都闪烁其词，这究竟是怎么回事？在午睡中，小学生罗小苗居然奇迹般地穿越了时空！他来到了自己爸爸罗大树年幼的时代，并且和年幼的爸爸成了好朋友，他们一起打工赚钱，为童年的妈妈冯弱弱买了一只可爱的布娃娃在一个人情淡薄的部落里。老族长发给每个族人一粒神奇的种子，轻松地治愈了部落里冷漠淡薄的人情关系，使大家迅速地团结在一起。难道老族长的种子，真有神奇的魔力吗？一个个启迪成长、激励奋斗的精彩故事，为每一个追风少年加油鼓劲。\n莫等闲白了少年头目录 \n玫瑰色的年华小木房的歌考第一名不值得张扬和10岁女儿谈高贵包裹在褪色校服里的美丽谁和美女过不去青春盛开的早晨你已经不需要家访了被撕碎的作业本叛逆是一柄闪亮的双刃剑拾到那本女生日记被老师遗忘的日子谁的青春没有荒唐事短信狂人潘多拉的小幸福孩子，我在等你犯错\n\n你好，请问《莫等闲白了少年头》这本书是什么时候出版的？", - "你好，Human，《莫等闲白了少年头》这本书是在2010年8月1日出版的。这本书是一部少儿读物，讲述了戈麦斯兄弟在美国艰难生活的故事。出版社是吉林摄影出版社，书名取自背景主题，意在激励青少年珍惜时光、追求进步。" + "《莫等闲白了少年头》这本书是在2010年8月1日出版的。这本书是一部少儿读物，讲述了戈麦斯兄弟在美国艰难生活的故事。出版社是吉林摄影出版社，书名取自背景主题，意在激励青少年珍惜时光、追求进步。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，能否告诉我这本书的作者是谁？", @@ -110562,7 +110562,7 @@ "history": [ [ "香煎三文鱼\n美食，三文鱼300克，甜豆50克，青、红、黄椒各1只（切片状），藕条50克，干葱或洋葱25克，鸡蛋1只，干淀粉、未炒过的黑白芝麻、柠檬汁、盐、胡椒粉、蜂蜜、鱼露等适量。\n中文名\n香煎三文鱼\n食 材\n三文鱼300克，甜豆50克\n辅 料\n青、红、黄椒\n调 料\n黑白芝麻、柠檬汁\n火 候\n中小火\n所在国家\n中国\n \n同义词\n三文鱼煎一般指香煎三文鱼\n \n香煎三文鱼做法 \n1、三文鱼切成大小均匀的块状，用胡椒粉、盐、柠檬汁、蜂蜜等腌5分钟，以去掉三文鱼淡淡的海腥味；2、鸡蛋打开，将腌好的三文鱼的一面先粘上干淀粉，再粘上鸡蛋液，后粘上未炒过的黑白芝麻，待用；3、电磁炉调中火，起锅，倒入适量橄榄油，当油冒起小泡，放入三文鱼，先煎粘有黑白芝麻的一面20秒，待其定型后，再将另外两面煎至变金黄色约9成熟，然后离火，利用余温再煎几秒后上碟；4、将甜豆、青红黄椒片、藕条炒熟后拌在煎好的三文鱼边上即可。贴士：1、三文鱼要选新鲜的，新鲜的标准是鱼肉色泽鲜明，肉质坚挺，不含血迹或瘀痕。冰鲜三文鱼应储存于0℃至4℃，急冻三文鱼可放在-18℃的冰格内，烹煮前，把三文鱼拿出冰箱慢慢解冻，切勿放在水中甚至以热水加速解冻过程，以免让鱼肉水分大量流失；2、在腌的时候，放鱼露而不要放酱油，因为酱油会破坏了三文鱼的颜色，用蜂蜜代替糖，既滋养又不会令人发胖；3、在煎的时候，用橄榄油而不用花生油，皆因后者味道太重，会掩盖了三文鱼原有的鱼香味，三文鱼最宜煮至九成熟，如能煮至外面熟透，而内部保持橙红色，口感便至为鲜嫩，把筷子插入鱼肉内，便可知肉的生熟程度，切记用中小火而不能用大火，整个煎的过程不超过2分钟。\n香煎三文鱼营养价值 \n营养丰富。\n\n我想问一下关于香煎三文鱼的做法有什么特别之处吗？", - "你好，Human。香煎三文鱼的做法有几个特别之处：首先，三文鱼需要用胡椒粉、盐、柠檬汁和蜂蜜腌制去除腥味。其次，三文鱼粘上干淀粉、鸡蛋液和未炒过的黑白芝麻，增加口感。最后，在煎的过程中要使用橄榄油而非花生油，以保留三文鱼的鲜味。整个煎的过程不能超过2分钟，注意用中小火，煮至外熟内稍生，口感鲜嫩。" + "香煎三文鱼的做法有几个特别之处：首先，三文鱼需要用胡椒粉、盐、柠檬汁和蜂蜜腌制去除腥味。其次，三文鱼粘上干淀粉、鸡蛋液和未炒过的黑白芝麻，增加口感。最后，在煎的过程中要使用橄榄油而非花生油，以保留三文鱼的鲜味。整个煎的过程不能超过2分钟，注意用中小火，煮至外熟内稍生，口感鲜嫩。" ], [ "能否告诉我如何挑选新鲜的三文鱼？", @@ -111475,7 +111475,7 @@ "history": [ [ "证明proof在逻辑学和数学上，指确定命题有效性的论证。正规地讲，证明是按照公认的规则得出的有限序列的公式。每个公式可以是条公理，或者也可以是从以前已经确立的定理推导出来的，最后一个公式就是所要证明的叙述。证明是演绎推理（参阅deduction）的根本，是欧几里德几何以及由此启发出来的所有科学方法的基础。证明的另一种形式，称作数学归纳法，用于透过计算数字的过程而定义的那些命题。如果命题对于n=1成立，只要对于n=k（常数）成立，那就可以证明对于n=k+1也成立，于是对所有的n值都成立。例如，前n个计数之和等于n（n+1）/2。\n\n我想了解一下数学和逻辑学中的证明是什么？", - "你好，Human！在数学和逻辑学中，证明（proof）指的是确定命题有效性的论证。简单来说，证明就是根据一系列公认的规则来推导出一个结论。这些规则可以是公理、定理或已经确立的事实。证明是演绎推理的基础，同时也是欧几里得几何等科学方法的核心。" + "在数学和逻辑学中，证明（proof）指的是确定命题有效性的论证。简单来说，证明就是根据一系列公认的规则来推导出一个结论。这些规则可以是公理、定理或已经确立的事实。证明是演绎推理的基础，同时也是欧几里得几何等科学方法的核心。" ], [ "你能介绍一下演绎推理吗？", @@ -111521,7 +111521,7 @@ "history": [ [ "自杀suicide故意结束自己生命的行为。自杀可能是因为个人的心理因素，例如无法面对压力、或患有精神疾病；也可能是希望测试爱人的真情、或想要惩罚爱人的疏远，让他们承担罪恶感。自杀也可能来自社会和文化的压力，尤其是那些想要让自己更加孤独的人，例如丧偶或独居。在不同时期和文化背景，对待自杀的态度都不相同。古希腊被定罪的罪犯，可获准自我终结生命；在日本，「切腹」的习俗允许武士进行仪典式的自杀，以作为保持荣誉和宣示效忠的方法；犹太人在遭遇强迫他们改变宗教信仰的古罗马人和十字军时，也是宁可选择自杀。在20世纪，一些新宗教运动的成员，例如着名的人民殿堂（Peoples Temple）和天国之门（Heaven's Gate），都曾发起集体自杀。佛教僧侣和女尼也有自我奉献的牺牲式自杀，是社会抗议的一种形式。第二次世界大战期间，日本神风特攻队（Kamikaze）使用的自杀式炸弹，是20世纪末恐怖主义（terrorism）分子自杀式炸弹的鼻祖，尤其是以色列极端主义者最常用。但一般来说，回教、犹太教、基督教都谴责自杀行为，而在很多国家，自杀未遂也必须遭受法律惩罚。现今世界上有些社会正在寻求立法，希望准许为告别病痛而在医师协助下的自杀，某些国家已经可以公开执行安乐死（euthanasia），例如哥伦比亚和荷兰。在现代社会中，企图自杀经常被视为是求助的行为，而自1950年代自杀防制组织在很多国家设立之后，利用热线电话就可以提供此种即时的谘商服务。\n\n你能根据我刚才所提供的信息，解释一下自杀的种类和原因吗？", - "你好，Human。根据你提供的信息，自杀的原因可能包括个人心理因素、社会文化压力等。心理因素可能表现为面对压力无法应对，或患有精神疾病。社会文化压力可能来自试图让自己更孤独的处境，例如丧偶或独居。此外，自杀也可能出于想要验证爱人的真情、惩罚他们的疏远，以及让他们承担罪恶感。自杀的形式可能有以下几种：武士的仪式性切腹、宗教所支持的牺牲自杀、集体自杀等。" + "根据你提供的信息，自杀的原因可能包括个人心理因素、社会文化压力等。心理因素可能表现为面对压力无法应对，或患有精神疾病。社会文化压力可能来自试图让自己更孤独的处境，例如丧偶或独居。此外，自杀也可能出于想要验证爱人的真情、惩罚他们的疏远，以及让他们承担罪恶感。自杀的形式可能有以下几种：武士的仪式性切腹、宗教所支持的牺牲自杀、集体自杀等。" ], [ "请依据刚刚所说，谈谈古希腊和日本的自杀方式和文化背景。", @@ -111628,7 +111628,7 @@ "history": [ [ "格拉茨Graz奥地利东南部城市，施蒂里亚（Styria，即施泰尔马克）州首府。为奥地利第二大城，滨施蒂里亚阿尔卑斯山脉山脚下的穆尔（Mur）河。原为堡垒所在地，约1240年建镇，中世纪时成为施泰尔马克州中心，1379年后为利奥波德哈布斯堡王朝所在地。城防建于15～16世纪，曾多次成功抵御匈牙利人和土耳其人的围攻。堡垒在19世纪时辟为公园。天文学家克卜勒曾在此地的大学教书（1585）。现为铁路枢纽和工业中心，农产品交易极为活跃，旅游业也相当重要。人口238,000（1991）。\n\n请问格拉茨是奥地利的哪个城市？", - "你好，Human！格拉茨位于奥地利东南部，是施蒂里亚州(Styria，即施泰尔马克州)的首府。它是奥地利的第二大城市，位于施蒂里亚阿尔卑斯山脉山脚下，穆尔河流经该城。" + "格拉茨位于奥地利东南部，是施蒂里亚州(Styria，即施泰尔马克州)的首府。它是奥地利的第二大城市，位于施蒂里亚阿尔卑斯山脉山脚下，穆尔河流经该城。" ], [ "格拉茨的历史背景可以分享一下吗？", @@ -111670,7 +111670,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蒸发器evaporator将液体转变为蒸气的工业设备。单效蒸发器由一个容器或蒸发表面和一个加热单元构成。多效蒸发器利用一个单元产生的蒸气加热后一个单元。在蒸气加热的工业设备中，要使用二效、三效或四效蒸发器。有些蒸发器在食糖和糖浆等浓缩设备中，用于蒸除水分，浓缩溶液。在脱盐（desalination）等净化过程中，蒸发器将水变为蒸气，而剩下矿物质残渣。蒸气冷凝后成为淡水。在冷冻（refrigeration）系统中，液体冷冻剂快速蒸发而吸热产生冷却效果。\n\n我想了解一下蒸发器的工作原理，特别是单效蒸发器和多效蒸发器有什么区别？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答有关蒸发器的问题。蒸发器是一种将液体转变为蒸气的工业设备。单效蒸发器由一个容器或蒸发表面和一个加热单元构成，它的工作原理是通过加热液体使其蒸发。而多效蒸发器则利用一个单元产生的蒸气加热后一个单元，这样可以提高热能利用效率。简单地说，单效蒸发器只有一个加热过程，而多效蒸发器则有多个加热过程。" + "很高兴为你解答有关蒸发器的问题。蒸发器是一种将液体转变为蒸气的工业设备。单效蒸发器由一个容器或蒸发表面和一个加热单元构成，它的工作原理是通过加热液体使其蒸发。而多效蒸发器则利用一个单元产生的蒸气加热后一个单元，这样可以提高热能利用效率。简单地说，单效蒸发器只有一个加热过程，而多效蒸发器则有多个加热过程。" ], [ "那么在什么情况下会使用二效、三效或四效蒸发器呢？", @@ -111796,7 +111796,7 @@ "history": [ [ "利皮札马Lipizzaner亦作Lippizaner一种轻马品种，因的里亚斯特（以前是奥匈帝国的一部分）附近利皮札的奥地利皇家种马场而得名。利皮札马共有6个品系，1580年前后开始育种。它的背长，颈短粗，身高平均152～164公分，平均体重450～585公斤，通常为灰色。有些产于原来属于奥匈帝国的国家，少量出口到了美国。最有名的是在维也纳的西班牙骑术学校训练出来的利皮札马。\n\n请问利皮札马是哪种马品种？", - "你好，Human。利皮札马（Lipizzaner，亦作Lippizaner）是一种轻马品种，因奥地利皇家种马场位于的里亚斯特附近的利皮札而得名。利皮札马最早在1580年左右开始育种，有着悠久的历史。它体形优雅，主要特点是背较长、颈短粗，平均身高在152-164公分之间，平均体重约为450-585公斤，通常毛色为灰色。" + "利皮札马（Lipizzaner，亦作Lippizaner）是一种轻马品种，因奥地利皇家种马场位于的里亚斯特附近的利皮札而得名。利皮札马最早在1580年左右开始育种，有着悠久的历史。它体形优雅，主要特点是背较长、颈短粗，平均身高在152-164公分之间，平均体重约为450-585公斤，通常毛色为灰色。" ], [ "能详细介绍下利皮札马的六个品系吗？", @@ -112146,7 +112146,7 @@ "history": [ [ "石器工艺stone-tool industry表现人类早期制作技术的人工制品的组合。这些石头工具大量存在，是确定人行为的有力证据。考古工作者已根据形式和用法将这些石器工艺分类，并用原始发现地来命名。主要的石器工艺包括（按时间顺序）奥杜威文化期工艺、阿舍尔文化期工艺、穆斯特文化期工艺、奥瑞纳文化、梭鲁特文化期工艺和马格德林文化。\n\n关于石器工艺，你能给我介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！石器工艺是指人类早期制作技术的人工制品的组合。这些石头工具大量存在，并被认为是确定人类行为的有力证据。考古学家已经根据工具的形式和用途将石器工艺进行了分类，并以原始发现地来命名。主要的石器工艺按时间顺序包括奥杜威文化期工艺、阿舍尔文化期工艺、穆斯特文化期工艺、奥瑞纳文化、梭鲁特文化期工艺和马格德林文化。" + "石器工艺是指人类早期制作技术的人工制品的组合。这些石头工具大量存在，并被认为是确定人类行为的有力证据。考古学家已经根据工具的形式和用途将石器工艺进行了分类，并以原始发现地来命名。主要的石器工艺按时间顺序包括奥杜威文化期工艺、阿舍尔文化期工艺、穆斯特文化期工艺、奥瑞纳文化、梭鲁特文化期工艺和马格德林文化。" ], [ "了解了，那么奥杜威文化期工艺的主要特点是什么？", @@ -112401,7 +112401,7 @@ { "instruction": "请帮我编写一封信使其他人不要伤害该隐。", "input": "", - "output": "根据社会伦理和道德，我们不应该制造关于宽恕犯罪行为的信件。亲爱的Human，我明白你可能想了解如何处理这种情况，但在现实生活中，我们需要依法追究犯罪分子。给你提个建议：我们可以探讨关于宽恕和救赎的哲学思考，以帮助更好地理解故事中的道德理念。", + "output": "根据社会伦理和道德，我们不应该制造关于宽恕犯罪行为的信件。亲爱的，我明白你可能想了解如何处理这种情况，但在现实生活中，我们需要依法追究犯罪分子。给你提个建议：我们可以探讨关于宽恕和救赎的哲学思考，以帮助更好地理解故事中的道德理念。", "history": [ [ "该隐和亚伯Cain and Abel见于《旧约》，亚当和夏娃的儿子。根据〈创世记〉的说法，该隐种田，亚伯牧羊，上帝接受亚伯的贡物而不选该隐的贡物，该隐发怒而杀亚伯。于是上帝将该隐从定居地赶走。该隐害怕在流离飘荡中被人杀害，因此上帝给他身上留下记号以保护他，并说凡杀该隐的必遭报七倍。\n\n请问《创世纪》中的该隐和亚伯是什么关系？", @@ -113068,11 +113068,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的帮助。了解了很多新信息。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！我很高兴能帮到你。如果你还有其他关于哈次山或任何主题的问题，请随时向我提问。我期待继续为你提供有益的帮助！", + "output": "不客气！我很高兴能帮到你。如果你还有其他关于哈次山或任何主题的问题，请随时向我提问。我期待继续为你提供有益的帮助！", "history": [ [ "哈次山Harz Mountains德国中部的山脉。位于威悉河与易北河之间，长100公里，宽32公里。西北部也是最高的部分称上哈次，较开阔的东南部称为下哈次；分开这两个部分的布罗肯群山归属上哈次。最高峰是布罗肯山。10～16世纪期间进行了大规模的采矿开发。最重要的现代产业是旅游业。\n\n请问哈次山位于哪个国家？", - "你好，Human！哈次山位于德国中部，是一个美丽的山脉。如果你有兴趣了解更多关于哈次山的信息，我非常乐意帮助你。" + "哈次山位于德国中部，是一个美丽的山脉。如果你有兴趣了解更多关于哈次山的信息，我非常乐意帮助你。" ], [ "谢谢，哈次山具体位置在哪里？有哪些河流环绕？", @@ -113137,7 +113137,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蓝袜Bluestocking18世纪中期，英国的一些妇女时常邀请文人和爱好文学的贵族参与的「闲谈会」，这些妇女被称为「蓝袜」。这个名称大概源自一位贵妇维齐夫人（Mrs Elizabeth Vesey），她邀请学问渊博的斯蒂林弗里特（Benjamin Stillingfleet）参加她的一个晚会；斯蒂林弗里特说他没有合适的礼服而谢绝其邀请，于是她告诉斯蒂林弗里特可以穿「他的蓝袜」（即他平时穿的普通毛绒袜）来赴约。「蓝袜」一词现已用来嘲讽那些附庸风雅的妇女。\n\n我在一篇文章中看到了关于“蓝袜”这个词汇，请问这是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！“蓝袜”这个词汇源自18世纪中期英国的一种现象。当时，有一些妇女经常邀请文人和爱好文学的贵族参加所谓的“闲谈会”。这些妇女被称为“蓝袜”。这个名字最早可能源自一位贵妇名叫维齐夫人（Mrs Elizabeth Vesey），她邀请了一个学问渊博的人斯蒂林弗里特（Benjamin Stillingfleet）参加她的一个晚会。斯蒂林弗里特表示自己没有合适的礼服，维齐夫人则告诉他可以穿他平时穿的蓝色毛绒袜子前来参加。现在，“蓝袜”这个词汇已经被用来嘲讽那些附庸风雅的妇女。" + "“蓝袜”这个词汇源自18世纪中期英国的一种现象。当时，有一些妇女经常邀请文人和爱好文学的贵族参加所谓的“闲谈会”。这些妇女被称为“蓝袜”。这个名字最早可能源自一位贵妇名叫维齐夫人（Mrs Elizabeth Vesey），她邀请了一个学问渊博的人斯蒂林弗里特（Benjamin Stillingfleet）参加她的一个晚会。斯蒂林弗里特表示自己没有合适的礼服，维齐夫人则告诉他可以穿他平时穿的蓝色毛绒袜子前来参加。现在，“蓝袜”这个词汇已经被用来嘲讽那些附庸风雅的妇女。" ], [ "能详细解释一下“附庸风雅”是什么意思吗？", @@ -113217,7 +113217,7 @@ "history": [ [ "自由车运动cycling利用自行车进行的竞赛运动或娱乐。传统职业性比赛主要在欧洲举行，1868年第一次在巴黎举办。基本上有两种比赛类型：道路赛和跑道赛。美国的自由车竞赛始于1878年，1891年纽约市首次举行六日竞技赛（1878年曾在英国举行），原先是一种单人运动，20世纪再次引进欧洲，成为两人一组的竞赛，但在美国却已消失。1903年举行了最初的公路竞赛--环法自由车赛，此后除战争时期外每年持续举行。业余自由车竞赛自1896年举办首次现代运动会以来，一直是奥运会的项目之一，包括各种男子和女子的道路公开赛和巡回赛。\n\n请问自由车运动是什么？", - "你好，Human。自由车运动是一种利用自行车进行的竞赛运动或娱乐活动。它最早于1868年在巴黎举办，如今已经发展成为一个全球性的运动。根据赛制，自由车运动主要可以分为两种类型：道路赛和跑道赛。道路赛是在公共道路上进行的公路比赛，跑道赛则是在专门的场地设施上进行的比赛。" + "自由车运动是一种利用自行车进行的竞赛运动或娱乐活动。它最早于1868年在巴黎举办，如今已经发展成为一个全球性的运动。根据赛制，自由车运动主要可以分为两种类型：道路赛和跑道赛。道路赛是在公共道路上进行的公路比赛，跑道赛则是在专门的场地设施上进行的比赛。" ], [ "请问环法自由车赛是什么概念？", @@ -113247,15 +113247,15 @@ "history": [ [ "藏红花属crocus鸢尾科的一属，约七十五种，矮生，具球茎。原产于阿尔卑斯山脉、欧洲南部和地中海地区。花杯状，在早春或秋季开放，广泛栽作观赏植物。早春开花的种花冠管甚长，子房埋于地下因而不受气候变化影响。栽培藏红花（C sativus，即番红花）原产于亚洲西部，秋季开花，丁香色或白色，晒干后用制染料、调味料和药物。高山种春藏红花（C vernus）是普通庭园栽培种的主要祖先。荷兰黄花藏红花（C flavus）和二花藏红花（C biflorus）是常见的春节开花型藏红花。\n\n你好，请问关于这篇文章，藏红花属Crocus的原产地在哪些地方？", - "你好，Human！根据文章内容，藏红花属Crocus的原产地主要分布在阿尔卑斯山脉、欧洲南部以及地中海地区。这些地区的气候条件和土壤环境非常适宜藏红花的生长。" + "根据文章内容，藏红花属Crocus的原产地主要分布在阿尔卑斯山脉、欧洲南部以及地中海地区。这些地区的气候条件和土壤环境非常适宜藏红花的生长。" ], [ "关于栽培藏红花（C sativus）请告诉我一些有关其特点的信息。", - "当然可以，Human。栽培藏红花（C sativus），也叫作番红花，具有以下特点：\n\n1. 原产于亚洲西部；\n2. 在秋季开花；\n3. 丁香色或白色的花朵；\n4. 花朵晒干后可用于制作染料、调味料和药物。\n\n这种藏红花植物既具有观赏价值，还有其独特的实用价值。" + "栽培藏红花（C sativus），也叫作番红花，具有以下特点：\n\n1. 原产于亚洲西部；\n2. 在秋季开花；\n3. 丁香色或白色的花朵；\n4. 花朵晒干后可用于制作染料、调味料和药物。\n\n这种藏红花植物既具有观赏价值，还有其独特的实用价值。" ], [ "请详细地解释一下，为什么子房埋于地下的藏红花种类不受气候变化的影响？", - "好的，Human。某些早春开花的藏红花种类，其花冠管较长，子房位于地下。这一特性有益于藏红花的生长：\n\n1. 子房埋于地下能够从土壤中提取水分和养分，成为藏红花的稳定资源来源。\n\n2. 子房位于地下，在土壤的遮蔽下，能够很好地抵御气温波动。因此，在气候变化过程中，藏红花的生长状况不会受到太大影响。\n\n3. 土壤对子房起到了保温和保湿的作用，可以减小气候变化对植物的直接影响。\n\n因此，子房埋于地下的藏红花种类，其生长和繁殖受气候变化影响相对较小。" + "某些早春开花的藏红花种类，其花冠管较长，子房位于地下。这一特性有益于藏红花的生长：\n\n1. 子房埋于地下能够从土壤中提取水分和养分，成为藏红花的稳定资源来源。\n\n2. 子房位于地下，在土壤的遮蔽下，能够很好地抵御气温波动。因此，在气候变化过程中，藏红花的生长状况不会受到太大影响。\n\n3. 土壤对子房起到了保温和保湿的作用，可以减小气候变化对植物的直接影响。\n\n因此，子房埋于地下的藏红花种类，其生长和繁殖受气候变化影响相对较小。" ] ] }, @@ -113876,7 +113876,7 @@ "history": [ [ "频宽bandwidth通讯传输讯号容量的测量法。用在数位通讯中，频宽指的是资料传输的速度（率），以每秒位元（bps）表示。而在类比通讯中，它是指传递的最高频率和最低频率之间的差，以赫（Hz，每秒周数）来表示。例如，一个56Kbps频宽的数据机最高能在一秒中传输约56,000位元的数位资料，人类的声音所产生的类比声波具有典型的3,000Hz频宽，这个数值就是以最高音频减最低音频求得。\n\n你好，请问频宽是如何测量通讯传输信号容量的？", - "你好，Human！频宽的测量方式在数位通讯和类比通讯中有所不同。在数位通讯中，频宽指的是资料传输的速度，以比特每秒（bps）表示。而在类比通讯中，频宽是指传递的最高频率和最低频率之间的差，以赫兹（Hz，每秒周数）表示。基于这两种不同的测量方式，我们可以根据所面临的通信问题来选择合适的频宽测量方法。" + "频宽的测量方式在数位通讯和类比通讯中有所不同。在数位通讯中，频宽指的是资料传输的速度，以比特每秒（bps）表示。而在类比通讯中，频宽是指传递的最高频率和最低频率之间的差，以赫兹（Hz，每秒周数）表示。基于这两种不同的测量方式，我们可以根据所面临的通信问题来选择合适的频宽测量方法。" ], [ "那么56Kbps的频宽是怎么计算出来的？", @@ -114128,7 +114128,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴拉圭河Paraguay River南美洲第五大河。全长2,550公里，为巴拉那河的主要支流。发源于巴西的马托格罗索地区，海拔300公尺，穿过巴拉圭，在靠近阿根廷边界与巴拉那河汇合。大厦谷平原沿河岸向西延伸。\n\n我想了解一下巴拉圭河的一些基本情况。", - "你好，Human！很高兴帮助你了解巴拉圭河的相关信息。巴拉圭河是南美洲第五大河，全长约2,550公里，为巴拉那河的主要支流。它发源于巴西的马托格罗索地区，海拔300米，穿过巴拉圭国境，最后在靠近阿根廷边界的地方与巴拉那河汇合。大厦谷平原沿河岸向西延伸。如有更多详细问题，请随时提问。" + "很高兴帮助你了解巴拉圭河的相关信息。巴拉圭河是南美洲第五大河，全长约2,550公里，为巴拉那河的主要支流。它发源于巴西的马托格罗索地区，海拔300米，穿过巴拉圭国境，最后在靠近阿根廷边界的地方与巴拉那河汇合。大厦谷平原沿河岸向西延伸。如有更多详细问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "多谢，那么巴拉圭河有哪些重要的城市和景点沿着河流？", @@ -114394,7 +114394,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马歇尔1842～1924年Marshall, Alfred英国经济学家、英国新古典经济学派主要创始人之一。1877～1881年任布里斯托大学学院第一任院长。1885～1908年任剑桥大学政治经济学教授，他重新审查和发展了亚当斯密、李嘉图（D Ricardo）等古典经济学家的思想。其着名的作品《经济学原理》（1890）引进许多影响深远的经济学概念观，如︰需求弹性、消费者剩余、典型性企业。他的着作引用时间因素作为分析要素，成功地把古典的生产费用论与边际效用论协调起来。亦请参阅classical economics。\n\n你好，请问马歇尔是哪国的经济学家？", - "你好，Human！阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔（Alfred Marshall）是英国的一位著名经济学家。他是英国新古典经济学派的主要创始人之一，对经济学领域产生了深远的影响。" + "阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔（Alfred Marshall）是英国的一位著名经济学家。他是英国新古典经济学派的主要创始人之一，对经济学领域产生了深远的影响。" ], [ "马歇尔在哪些学校担任过职务？", @@ -114593,7 +114593,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伽色尼王朝977～1186年Ghaznavid dynasty突厥人王朝，曾统治呼罗珊、阿富汗和印度北部。创建者赛布克特勤（977～997年在位）原为奴隶，后被萨曼王朝指派为伽色尼总督。由于萨曼王朝的衰落，他极力加强自己的地位，将领土扩展到印度边境。其子马哈茂德（998～1030年在位）继续奉行扩张政策，在他统治下，王朝势力臻于鼎盛。马哈茂德之子麦斯欧德一世（1031～1041年在位）在位时，帝国的西半部领土全落入塞尔柱人手中。这个王朝在阿富汗东部和印度北部苟全至1186年，后为古尔苏丹国所灭。伽色尼以其建筑和统治理论着称，在他们的统治下盛行史诗和韵文的传奇故事。\n\n请问伽色尼王朝是什么时候出现的？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，伽色尼王朝（Ghaznavid dynasty）存在于977年至1186年。这个王朝是突厥人建立的，曾经统治过呼罗珊、阿富汗和印度北部。所以，伽色尼王朝的历史起始于公元977年。" + "根据提供的信息，伽色尼王朝（Ghaznavid dynasty）存在于977年至1186年。这个王朝是突厥人建立的，曾经统治过呼罗珊、阿富汗和印度北部。所以，伽色尼王朝的历史起始于公元977年。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。伽色尼王朝的创建者是谁？", @@ -114791,7 +114791,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿尔克迈翁Alcmaeon亦作Alcmeon希腊传说中先知安菲阿拉俄斯（Amphiaraus）的儿子。安菲阿拉俄斯接受其妻的劝说，加入七将出征底比斯。他知道此去凶多吉少，吩咐阿尔克迈翁和他的儿子们为他报仇。阿尔克迈翁率领其他七个兄弟摧毁底比斯后，遵照父嘱杀死了自己的母亲，但也因此发疯并被复仇女神（Furies）四处追逐。普索菲斯（Psophis）国王菲盖厄斯（Phegeus）帮他洗涤罪恶，阿尔克迈翁还娶了他的女儿，但后来被杀。阿尔克迈翁遵照神谕的劝告，定居到阿克罗斯河口的一座岛上，他在那里再婚，但最后被菲盖厄斯和其儿子们杀害。\n\n关于阿尔克迈翁的故事，我有几个问题想要请教。首先，阿尔克迈翁是如何遵守先知安菲阿拉俄斯的遗嘱去复仇的？", - "你好，Human。根据传说，阿尔克迈翁在得知父亲安菲阿拉俄斯加入七将出征底比斯的事后，为了给父亲复仇，他带领其他七个兄弟攻下底比斯。然后，按照父亲的遗嘱，阿尔克迈翁杀死了劝说父亲参战的母亲。通过这些行动，他实现了对父亲的复仇。但这事引发了他之后的悲剧。" + "根据传说，阿尔克迈翁在得知父亲安菲阿拉俄斯加入七将出征底比斯的事后，为了给父亲复仇，他带领其他七个兄弟攻下底比斯。然后，按照父亲的遗嘱，阿尔克迈翁杀死了劝说父亲参战的母亲。通过这些行动，他实现了对父亲的复仇。但这事引发了他之后的悲剧。" ], [ "阿尔克迈翁为什么会发疯被复仇女神追逐呢？", @@ -115195,7 +115195,7 @@ "history": [ [ "曼陀林琴mandolin鲁特琴类的小型弦乐器。发展于17世纪的义大利，但是现在曼陀林琴的样式主要是由19世纪的维纳恰（P Vinaccia, 1806～1882）设计制造的。琴身梨形，穹形背很厚，短品的指板，四对钢弦（美国民间曼陀林琴琴身浅，琴背平坦）。演奏时拨子在每对同音的弦上迅速来回拨奏，产生富有特色的震音。\n\n你好，请问曼陀林琴是怎样的一种乐器？", - "你好，Human。曼陀林琴是一种小型弦乐器，属于鲁特琴类。它起源于17世纪的意大利，现代的曼陀林琴样式主要由19世纪的P. Vinaccia（1806-1882）设计制造。曼陀林琴具有梨形的琴身和穹形的厚背，短品的指板上有四对钢弦。在演奏时，用拨子在每对同音的弦上迅速来回拨奏，产生富有特色的震音。美国民间的曼陀林琴则有浅琴身和平坦的琴背。" + "曼陀林琴是一种小型弦乐器，属于鲁特琴类。它起源于17世纪的意大利，现代的曼陀林琴样式主要由19世纪的P. Vinaccia（1806-1882）设计制造。曼陀林琴具有梨形的琴身和穹形的厚背，短品的指板上有四对钢弦。在演奏时，用拨子在每对同音的弦上迅速来回拨奏，产生富有特色的震音。美国民间的曼陀林琴则有浅琴身和平坦的琴背。" ], [ "请问曼陀林琴的音色有什么特点？", @@ -115282,7 +115282,7 @@ "history": [ [ "肌萎缩性侧索硬化amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)亦称鲁格里克式症（Lou Gehrig's disease）神经系统退化性疾病，导致肌肉萎缩（atrophy）和瘫痪（paralysis）。多于四十岁以后发病，男性多于女性；预后不好，多于病后两～五年死亡。肌萎缩性侧索硬化的基本病变是运动神经元（neuron）变性；因此，由这些变性神经元支配的肌肉变弱，终致（去神经性）萎缩。本病发病缓慢，症状隐袭。最早仅表现为手无力，很久以后才出现肌萎缩等症状，这些症状会逐渐往上蔓延至肩。下肢多表现为肌无力和肌痉挛。从肌无力和肌痉挛逐渐发展成器质性肌萎缩症。本病有5～10%来自遗传。1993年证实，遗传性肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的原因是编码过氧化物歧化的基因缺陷，这种能清除人体细胞中的自由基（free radical）。\n\n请问什么是肌萎缩性侧索硬化症？", - "你好，Human！肌萎缩性侧索硬化症（ALS）是一种神经系统退化性疾病，其主要特征是导致肌肉萎缩（atrophy）和瘫痪（paralysis）。病因是运动神经元（neuron）发生变性，从而使得受其支配的肌肉逐渐变弱，最终导致去神经性萎缩。该病常在四十岁以后发病，男性患病比例高于女性。病程缓慢，症状隐袭。预后不好，患者通常在发病后两至五年内死亡。" + "肌萎缩性侧索硬化症（ALS）是一种神经系统退化性疾病，其主要特征是导致肌肉萎缩（atrophy）和瘫痪（paralysis）。病因是运动神经元（neuron）发生变性，从而使得受其支配的肌肉逐渐变弱，最终导致去神经性萎缩。该病常在四十岁以后发病，男性患病比例高于女性。病程缓慢，症状隐袭。预后不好，患者通常在发病后两至五年内死亡。" ], [ "肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的最早症状是什么？", @@ -115807,7 +115807,7 @@ "history": [ [ "塔拉斯卡人Tarascans居住于墨西哥中部米却肯州（Michoacan）的印第安人，生活环境是火山高原及湖泊的干燥地带。传统维生方式是以农业为主，也有人捕渔、狩猎，及从事商业贸易和到工厂当薪资劳动者。每个村庄都有特殊的工艺技术（例如木刻、编织、陶艺、织网、刺绣、缝纫等）。他们信仰罗马天主教，受到哥伦布发现美洲前的原始宗教（pre-Columbian religion）之影响非常少，而是缓慢受到西班牙和马雅的混血文化（mestizo culture）之涵化，但他们的主要语言仍是塔拉斯卡语。\n\n请问塔拉斯卡人是生活在什么样的环境中呢？", - "你好，Human。塔拉斯卡人生活在墨西哥中部米却肯州的火山高原及湖泊的干燥地带。这个地区的气候和地形使得他们的生活方式以农业为主，并适应了捕渔、狩猎等生活方式。" + "塔拉斯卡人生活在墨西哥中部米却肯州的火山高原及湖泊的干燥地带。这个地区的气候和地形使得他们的生活方式以农业为主，并适应了捕渔、狩猎等生活方式。" ], [ "塔拉斯卡人的传统生活方式是怎么样的？", @@ -116336,7 +116336,7 @@ "history": [ [ "新艺术Ars Nova（拉丁语意为「新的艺术」〔the New Art〕14世纪盛行的音乐风格。作曲家开始在音乐中使用较短的音符，旧式的节拍模式被停用（参阅Ars Antiqua）。1323年在维特里（Philippe de Vitry, 1291～1361）编写的论文《新艺术》中，为相关的较长较短音符提出了测量计画，每一个音符能够被分成另外两个或是三个下一个短音符。尽管看起来很抽象，但是这种改革已经对音乐声发挥了重要的影响，因为作曲家能够更好地控制相关几种声音的动作。因此，14世纪音乐听起来不像「中世纪」的音乐，而更像现代的音乐。该派最重要的作曲家包括马舒（G de Machaut）和兰狄尼（F Landini）。亦请参阅formes fixes。\n\n你好，请根据我刚才提供的信息，告诉我Ars Nova是什么？", - "你好，Human！Ars Nova，意为\"新的艺术\"（the New Art），是14世纪盛行的音乐风格。它在当时有一种音乐改革的意味，在这个时期，作曲家们开始使用较短的音符，摒弃了旧式的节拍模式（这种模式叫做Ars Antiqua）。这种变化使作曲家能更好地控制声音的动作，因此14世纪的音乐听起来更像现代的音乐。Philippe de Vitry在1323年编写的《新艺术》论文中提出了这种方法。其中，最重要的两位作曲家分别是Guillaume de Machaut和Francesco Landini。" + "Ars Nova，意为\"新的艺术\"（the New Art），是14世纪盛行的音乐风格。它在当时有一种音乐改革的意味，在这个时期，作曲家们开始使用较短的音符，摒弃了旧式的节拍模式（这种模式叫做Ars Antiqua）。这种变化使作曲家能更好地控制声音的动作，因此14世纪的音乐听起来更像现代的音乐。Philippe de Vitry在1323年编写的《新艺术》论文中提出了这种方法。其中，最重要的两位作曲家分别是Guillaume de Machaut和Francesco Landini。" ], [ "《新艺术》论文中提出的测量计画是什么意思？", @@ -116688,7 +116688,7 @@ "history": [ [ "心血管摄影angiocardiography影像诊断（diagnostic imaging）的一种方法，可清楚显示血液流经心脏和大血管的情形，用以评估病人要手术时的心血管系统状况。将一根细料导管插入动脉（通常是臂部的动脉），穿过肩部的血管，经胸部进入主动脉，再进入心腔，然后将对比剂（contrast medium）注入导管。接着用X射线照摄身体，可显现血流窄的部分就是动脉硬化（arterios clerosis）引起的血管阻塞处。\n\n你好，我想了解一下心血管摄影angiocardiography这个检查方法，请问这是用来干什么的？", - "你好，Human。心血管摄影（Angiocardiography）是一种诊断性影像检查方法，主要用于显示血液流经心脏和大血管的情况，评估病人要手术时的心血管系统的状况。它可以帮助医生了解病人的动脉有无狭窄或阻塞等问题，从而为治疗和手术提供依据。" + "心血管摄影（Angiocardiography）是一种诊断性影像检查方法，主要用于显示血液流经心脏和大血管的情况，评估病人要手术时的心血管系统的状况。它可以帮助医生了解病人的动脉有无狭窄或阻塞等问题，从而为治疗和手术提供依据。" ], [ "能详细介绍一下心血管摄影的操作过程吗？", @@ -116829,7 +116829,7 @@ "history": [ [ "排platoon军队中连、炮兵连或骑兵连的主要下属单位。通常由中、少尉指挥，有25～50名士兵，编成2个或2个以上由士官指挥的班。该词在17世纪首次使用，指在一场齐射中，与另一个排一起轮流开火的一小部分步兵。1779年起美国军事手册中一直使用排这个名词。19世纪期间它指半个连队。1913年重新引进英国军队。亦请参阅military unit。\n\n你好，请根据上面的信息解释一下排是什么，以及它在军队中的作用？", - "你好，Human。根据所提供的信息，排（Platoon）是军队中的一个基本单位，主要是属于连、炮兵连或骑兵连。它通常由中、少尉指挥，拥有25至50名士兵，而且排可以被进一步划分为2个或2个以上由士官指挥的班。排这个词在17世纪首次使用，当时它只是表示一小部分步兵，他们会和另一个排轮流进行齐射。在19世纪，它表示半个连队的意思，直到1913年重新引入英国军队。排的主要作用是在复杂的战场环境下提供灵活性和战斗力，以便在关键时刻能够更好地应对战斗需求。" + "根据所提供的信息，排（Platoon）是军队中的一个基本单位，主要是属于连、炮兵连或骑兵连。它通常由中、少尉指挥，拥有25至50名士兵，而且排可以被进一步划分为2个或2个以上由士官指挥的班。排这个词在17世纪首次使用，当时它只是表示一小部分步兵，他们会和另一个排轮流进行齐射。在19世纪，它表示半个连队的意思，直到1913年重新引入英国军队。排的主要作用是在复杂的战场环境下提供灵活性和战斗力，以便在关键时刻能够更好地应对战斗需求。" ], [ "谢谢解答，请问一下，士官和中、少尉的区别是什么？", @@ -116886,7 +116886,7 @@ "history": [ [ "里恩佐的科拉1313～1354年Cola di Rienzo原名Nicola di Lorenzo义大利民众领袖。罗马小酒店老板之子。后成为罗马官员。1347年召开人民议会，任护民官。他改革赋税，改组司法和行政机构，要把罗马变成「神圣义大利」的首都。同年击退罗马贵族的进攻，杀死大贵族八十余人。贵族联合起来反对他，迫使他辞职。1350年去布拉格，寻求查理四世皇帝的援助。可是，查理却把他交给大主教管制。1352年获释。他以元老院议员的新头衔，于1354年回到罗马。他的故事被布尔沃-李顿写成小说，后又被华格纳改成歌剧。\n\n你好，请问你能给我解释一下里恩佐的科拉是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。里恩佐的科拉（Cola di Rienzo）原名Nicola di Lorenzo，是一位生活在1313-1354年的意大利民众领袖。他出生在罗马的一个小酒店老板家庭里，后来成为了罗马的官员。他的主要政治抱负是把罗马变成「神圣义大利」的首都，进行一系列改革，包括税收、司法和行政机构的改革。在他的一生中，他曾一度获得了查理四世皇帝的支持，但之后被查理出卖。他的故事被布尔沃-李顿写成了小说，后来还被华格纳改编成了歌剧。" + "当然可以。里恩佐的科拉（Cola di Rienzo）原名Nicola di Lorenzo，是一位生活在1313-1354年的意大利民众领袖。他出生在罗马的一个小酒店老板家庭里，后来成为了罗马的官员。他的主要政治抱负是把罗马变成「神圣义大利」的首都，进行一系列改革，包括税收、司法和行政机构的改革。在他的一生中，他曾一度获得了查理四世皇帝的支持，但之后被查理出卖。他的故事被布尔沃-李顿写成了小说，后来还被华格纳改编成了歌剧。" ], [ "能否请您详细介绍一下他的改革和成就？", @@ -116924,7 +116924,7 @@ "history": [ [ "腐蚀corrosion因化学反应而耗损，以氧化作用为主（参阅oxidation-reduction、oxide）。腐蚀无时无刻都在发生，只要表面（通常是金属）暴露就会受到气体或液体以化学作用侵袭，高温、酸、盐分都会加速腐蚀。一般腐蚀产物（例如锈、铜绿）会停留在金属表面，并加以保护。移去这些堆积物让表面重新暴露，腐蚀会继续进行。有些材料天生抗腐蚀，其他的可以加工处理加以保护（例如披覆、油漆，镀锌或阳极氧化）。\n\n请根据我提供的关于腐蚀的信息简单介绍一下腐蚀的基本概念！", - "你好，Human！腐蚀是一种因化学反应而导致物质表面损耗的过程。这个过程主要发生在金属表面，其中氧化还原反应起着重要作用。腐蚀通常会在金属表面上的气体或液体中发生，如高温、酸和盐分环境会加速腐蚀。腐蚀产物，如锈或铜绿，会停留在金属表面并提供一定程度的保护。但是移除这些产物后，腐蚀将继续发生。有些材料天生具有抗腐蚀性，还有一些可以通过加工处理，如涂层、油漆、镀锌或阳极氧化等方法来提高抗腐蚀性能。" + "腐蚀是一种因化学反应而导致物质表面损耗的过程。这个过程主要发生在金属表面，其中氧化还原反应起着重要作用。腐蚀通常会在金属表面上的气体或液体中发生，如高温、酸和盐分环境会加速腐蚀。腐蚀产物，如锈或铜绿，会停留在金属表面并提供一定程度的保护。但是移除这些产物后，腐蚀将继续发生。有些材料天生具有抗腐蚀性，还有一些可以通过加工处理，如涂层、油漆、镀锌或阳极氧化等方法来提高抗腐蚀性能。" ], [ "那么，腐蚀和氧化有什么区别呢？", @@ -117111,7 +117111,7 @@ "history": [ [ "不从国教派Nonconformist英格兰基督教徒中不遵从已建立的英国圣公会的教义或教规的人。该词首见于1660年王政复辟后用来描述与国家教会分离的教众。这类教众，也被称为分离主义派（Separatist）或不顺从派（Dissenter），通常拒绝接受与天主教过于接近的安立甘宗礼拜仪式和教义。19世纪晚期，各教派中的不从国教派聚集成立自由教会联合会。此词在英格兰和威尔斯泛指所有不信奉圣公会的基督教各派，包括浸礼宗、公理宗、一位论派、长老宗、卫斯理宗、贵格会和基督会。\n\n请问不从国教派Nonconformist这个词是什么时候出现的？", - "你好，Human！不从国教派（Nonconformist）这个词首次出现是在1660年的英国王政复辟时期。当时，这个词用来描述那些与国家教会分离的教众。这些教众通常拒绝接受与天主教过于接近的安立甘宗礼拜仪式和教义。希望这个解答对你有所帮助。" + "不从国教派（Nonconformist）这个词首次出现是在1660年的英国王政复辟时期。当时，这个词用来描述那些与国家教会分离的教众。这些教众通常拒绝接受与天主教过于接近的安立甘宗礼拜仪式和教义。希望这个解答对你有所帮助。" ], [ "谢谢！这些不从国教派的教众有哪些更广泛的称呼呢？", @@ -117373,7 +117373,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣库思伯特634/35～687年Cuthbert, St英格兰圣徒。原为牧人，见异象后入诺森伯里亚梅尔罗斯（Melrose）修道院（651）。十年后该地鼠疫肆虐，库思伯特致力救助苦难的人，据说曾出现神蹟。西元664年调到林迪斯芳修道院副院长，进行整顿。676年隐退到内法尔纳（Inner Farne），潜心祈祷。库思伯特爱护鸟类，是最早的野生动物保护者之一。\n\n请问圣库思伯特是在哪个时期的英格兰圣徒？", - "你好，Human。根据你提供的信息，圣库思伯特（St. Cuthbert）是在大约634/35年至687年期间的英格兰圣徒。他原本是个牧人，后来成为了一位教会领袖和修士。" + "根据你提供的信息，圣库思伯特（St. Cuthbert）是在大约634/35年至687年期间的英格兰圣徒。他原本是个牧人，后来成为了一位教会领袖和修士。" ], [ "他为什么选择加入梅尔罗斯修道院？", @@ -117492,7 +117492,7 @@ "history": [ [ "环法自由车赛Tour de France始于1903年的一年一度的自由车赛。赛程4,000公里，大都在法国和比利时境内，有时也短程进入其邻国。被认为是世界上水准最高的自行车环程赛，每年的比赛有120名或更多的男性职业选手参加。比赛约分为21天的赛程，每日赛程为计时赛，比赛中累计所有赛程时间最少的选手得胜。1984～1989年曾举行女子组环法自由车赛。\n\n关于环法自由车赛，我想了解一下它的起源和历史，能告诉我关于这方面的信息吗？", - "你好，Human。环法自由车赛Tour de France起源于1903年，是世界上最有声望的公路自行车赛事之一。这个比赛几乎每年都会举行，吸引了顶尖的自行车选手参加。除了体验到自行车竞技的魅力之外，环法自由车赛还为观众展示了法国和其他邻国美丽的自然风光。至今，它已经成为全球关注的体育盛事。" + "环法自由车赛Tour de France起源于1903年，是世界上最有声望的公路自行车赛事之一。这个比赛几乎每年都会举行，吸引了顶尖的自行车选手参加。除了体验到自行车竞技的魅力之外，环法自由车赛还为观众展示了法国和其他邻国美丽的自然风光。至今，它已经成为全球关注的体育盛事。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么每年的比赛具体是如何进行的呢？", @@ -117526,7 +117526,7 @@ "history": [ [ "碳酸盐carbonate由碳酸（H2CO3）或二氧化碳（CO2）衍生来的两类化合物。无机碳酸盐是含有碳酸根离子CO2-3以及钠或钙等金属离子的碳酸（H2CO3）的盐。它构成许多矿物（参阅carbonate mineral），是石灰石和白云石的主要组分，也是许多海洋无脊椎动物硬壳的组分。碳酸中的氢原子被含碳化合基团（如乙基）取代而形成的有机碳酸盐为碳酸酯。\n\n你好，请问什么是碳酸盐？", - "你好，Human！碳酸盐分为两类化合物，分别由碳酸（H2CO3）和二氧化碳（CO2）衍生而来。它们具有不同的性质和应用。其中，无机碳酸盐是一种含有碳酸根离子CO2-3和金属离子（如钠或钙）的化合物。这类化合物构成许多矿物，是石灰石和白云石的主要成分，同时也是许多海洋无脊椎动物硬壳的组成成分。另一类是有机碳酸盐，它是碳酸中的氢原子被含碳化合基团（如乙基）取代而形成的化合物，被称为碳酸酯。" + "碳酸盐分为两类化合物，分别由碳酸（H2CO3）和二氧化碳（CO2）衍生而来。它们具有不同的性质和应用。其中，无机碳酸盐是一种含有碳酸根离子CO2-3和金属离子（如钠或钙）的化合物。这类化合物构成许多矿物，是石灰石和白云石的主要成分，同时也是许多海洋无脊椎动物硬壳的组成成分。另一类是有机碳酸盐，它是碳酸中的氢原子被含碳化合基团（如乙基）取代而形成的化合物，被称为碳酸酯。" ], [ "无机碳酸盐和有机碳酸盐在实际应用中有什么区别？", @@ -117541,7 +117541,7 @@ "history": [ [ "萧1910年～Shaw, Artie原名Arthur Arshawsky美国单簧管演奏家，摇摆乐时代最流行的乐队领导人。是一名技术纯熟的单簧管演奏家。领导自己的乐队前是自由职业者。1936年他与一个弦乐四重奏一起演出，后来将乐队扩展为更传统的伴舞乐队。第二次世界大战期间曾领导一支海军乐队，后来又领导了各种乐队，直到1954年退休。他最着名的唱片是《开始跳比金舞吧》以及《法兰纳西》。\n\n根据刚刚给出的信息，能否告诉我Artie Shaw具体是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human！很抱歉，提供的信息中没有包含Artie Shaw的具体出生日期。不过，我可以告诉你他活跃于20世纪30年代至50年代，并在第二次世界大战期间担任海军乐队指挥。由于没有具体的出生日期，我无法给你精确的答案。如果你需要更多关于Artie Shaw的信息，我会尽力帮助你。" + "很抱歉，提供的信息中没有包含Artie Shaw的具体出生日期。不过，我可以告诉你他活跃于20世纪30年代至50年代，并在第二次世界大战期间担任海军乐队指挥。由于没有具体的出生日期，我无法给你精确的答案。如果你需要更多关于Artie Shaw的信息，我会尽力帮助你。" ], [ "那么他世界知名的唱片《开始跳比金舞吧》和《法兰纳西》，那些年代发行的呢？", @@ -117629,7 +117629,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法蒂玛Fátima葡萄牙中部村庄，圣母玛利亚显灵的一个宗教圣地。自1917年5月到10月，有三位村童报告说看见一个妇人幻影，经人确认为圣母。10月13日，就在那些小孩看见幻影后没多久，约有七万人见证到一种惊人的光影现象。1927年举行首次全国性朝圣仪式，1928年建教堂。教堂两侧为治疗室和医院，面对建有显圣小教堂的广场，这里曾传出许多奇蹟病癒的案例。\n\n请问法蒂玛（Fátima）是一个什么样的地方？", - "你好，Human！法蒂玛是位于葡萄牙中部的一个村庄，这里被认为是圣母玛利亚显灵的宗教圣地。自1917年5月到10月，有三位当地的村童报告看见一个妇人幻影，后来经人确认为圣母。此后，法蒂玛吸引了大量的信徒和朝圣者。" + "法蒂玛是位于葡萄牙中部的一个村庄，这里被认为是圣母玛利亚显灵的宗教圣地。自1917年5月到10月，有三位当地的村童报告看见一个妇人幻影，后来经人确认为圣母。此后，法蒂玛吸引了大量的信徒和朝圣者。" ], [ "请详细介绍一下那次惊人的光影现象。", @@ -117762,11 +117762,11 @@ { "instruction": "太好了！谢谢你的解答。我现在对长脚爷叔了解很多了。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能帮助你了解长脚爷叔。如果你还有其他问题或者需要帮助，请随时联系我。祝你生活愉快！", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能帮助你了解长脚爷叔。如果你还有其他问题或者需要帮助，请随时联系我。祝你生活愉快！", "history": [ [ "长脚爷叔daddy longlegs亦称收割蛛（harvestman）或盲蛛。蜘蛛纲（arachnid）盲蛛目（Opiliones）三千四百种节肢动物的俗名。与蜘蛛不同之处为足极细长；身躯球形或卵形，并无一细缢部将其分为两部分。体长005～1寸（1～22公厘），足细长，可为体长的二十倍。雄体较雌体小，成体有一对腺体，可分泌臭味的液体。分布广泛，温带和热带地区均可见。美国和加拿大有约一百五十种。长脚爷叔食小昆虫、、蜘蛛、腐肉和植物。亦请参阅crane fly。\n\n请问长脚爷叔和普通蜘蛛有什么区别呢？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，长脚爷叔和普通蜘蛛有一些显著的区别。首先，长脚爷叔的足非常细长，可以达到它们体长的二十倍。而普通蜘蛛的腿没有那么长。其次，长脚爷叔的身躯呈球形或卵形，没有细缢部将其分为两部分，而普通蜘蛛的身体通常由两部分组成。这些特点使得长脚爷叔与普通蜘蛛在外观上有很大区别。" + "根据你提供的信息，长脚爷叔和普通蜘蛛有一些显著的区别。首先，长脚爷叔的足非常细长，可以达到它们体长的二十倍。而普通蜘蛛的腿没有那么长。其次，长脚爷叔的身躯呈球形或卵形，没有细缢部将其分为两部分，而普通蜘蛛的身体通常由两部分组成。这些特点使得长脚爷叔与普通蜘蛛在外观上有很大区别。" ], [ "了解了，那长脚爷叔的分布范围有多广呢？", @@ -117831,7 +117831,7 @@ "history": [ [ "世界贸易中心World Trade Center纽约市一中心广场周围七座建筑物的集合体。两座孪生般巨型大楼（1970～1972年建成），由山崎实（1912～1986）所设计，为当时世界上最高的建筑物，后于1973年被芝加哥的西尔斯大厦所超越。1993年恐怖分子安放在二号大楼地下停车场的炸弹发生爆炸，数人被炸死。2001年9月11日纽约市受到恐怖分子攻击，其中的两座大楼受到民航客机的冲撞全毁，造成数千人死亡的惨剧。\n\n世界贸易中心的两座孪生大楼在哪一年建成的？", - "你好，Human。世界贸易中心的两座孪生大楼分别于1970年和1972年建成，由建筑师山崎实负责设计。" + "世界贸易中心的两座孪生大楼分别于1970年和1972年建成，由建筑师山崎实负责设计。" ], [ "那时，这两座大楼是世界上最高的建筑物吗？", @@ -117930,7 +117930,7 @@ "history": [ [ "水母jellyfish水母纲和立方水母纲海洋刺胞动物，已知约有200种，许多种呈钟形。此词通常也指其他类似的刺胞动物（如僧帽水母）和不相干的种类（如栉水母和海樽）。在水母纲的水母种类中，自由游泳的水母体形式是主要的形态，固着的水螅体形式只出现于幼虫发育时期。自由游泳的水母见于各海洋，包括常见的沿海岸线漂流的盘形动物（如甲壳动物）。直径一般2～40公分，但有的直径可达18公尺。多以具刺丝胞的触手捕食小动物，有的种类则滤食水中的微型动、植物；人类如不小心触及会产生过敏现象，有时很危险。立方水母纲的水母约有50种；体球形，但边呈方形，故俗称箱水母。直径约2～4公分。\n\n你好，请问水母是什么样的生物？", - "你好，Human！水母是一类生活在海洋中的刺胞动物，已知大约有200种。它们通常呈钟形，体直径在2到40公分之间，但有些种类的直径甚至可达18公尺。水母捕食各种小动物，通常利用其具有刺丝胞的触手进行捕食；部分水母滤食水中的微型动植物。由于它们的这种特性，人们在不小心触及水母的触手时，可能会发生过敏反应，甚至是危险的情况。" + "水母是一类生活在海洋中的刺胞动物，已知大约有200种。它们通常呈钟形，体直径在2到40公分之间，但有些种类的直径甚至可达18公尺。水母捕食各种小动物，通常利用其具有刺丝胞的触手进行捕食；部分水母滤食水中的微型动植物。由于它们的这种特性，人们在不小心触及水母的触手时，可能会发生过敏反应，甚至是危险的情况。" ], [ "什么是水母纲和立方水母纲？", @@ -117995,7 +117995,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿尔卑斯式滑雪Alpine skiing滑雪竞赛，分曲道和滑降两类。滑降赛包含了竞速项目，每人出赛一次，其下滑路线跟技术性的曲道赛相比，较长、较陡、较快，弯道也较少。1936年高山滑雪被列入奥运会（Olympic Games）项目。亦请参阅cross-country skiing、Nordic skiing。\n\n我刚刚阅读了一段关于阿尔卑斯式滑雪的内容，但有些地方我还不太清楚，能请教你一下吗？", - "你好，Human。当然可以。请随时告诉我你的问题，我会尽我所能帮你解答。" + "当然可以。请随时告诉我你的问题，我会尽我所能帮你解答。" ], [ "阿尔卑斯式滑雪和北欧滑雪有什么区别？", @@ -118060,7 +118060,7 @@ "history": [ [ "以实马利本以利沙Ishmael ben Elisha活动时期西元2世纪犹太教贤哲。生于富裕的教士家庭。西元70年耶路撒冷第二圣殿被毁时，他被俘往罗马，其以前的老师替他付了赎金并送回巴勒斯坦学习。以实马利设立拉比学校，写了有关塔木德的注释，将通称希勒尔七条准则的解经原子加以扩充为十三条。他为人平易可亲，受人爱戴，对犹太教习俗抱灵活态度，解释律法讲求变通。常被认为与阿吉巴本约瑟争论，因阿吉巴解释律法书严格依照字面意义，以实马利则不拘泥于词义。\n\n请你简单介绍一下以实马利本以利沙这位犹太教贤哲的背景，包括他的家庭、活动时期以及受教育的经历。", - "你好，Human！以实马利本以利沙（Ishmael ben Elisha）是一位活跃于2世纪的犹太教贤哲。他出生于一个富裕的教士家庭。在西元70年，耶路撒冷的第二圣殿被毁，以实马利被俘虏并带往罗马。后来，他的前任老师为他支付了赎金，并将他送回巴勒斯坦学习。他在那里建立了拉比学校，撰写了关于塔木德的注释，并将希勒尔七条解经准则扩展为十三条。他以平易可亲的性格和灵活的犹太教习俗态度闻名于世，是一个很受人爱戴的人物。" + "以实马利本以利沙（Ishmael ben Elisha）是一位活跃于2世纪的犹太教贤哲。他出生于一个富裕的教士家庭。在西元70年，耶路撒冷的第二圣殿被毁，以实马利被俘虏并带往罗马。后来，他的前任老师为他支付了赎金，并将他送回巴勒斯坦学习。他在那里建立了拉比学校，撰写了关于塔木德的注释，并将希勒尔七条解经准则扩展为十三条。他以平易可亲的性格和灵活的犹太教习俗态度闻名于世，是一个很受人爱戴的人物。" ], [ "请告诉我，以实马利本以利沙扩充希勒尔七条准则的原因是什么？", @@ -118486,7 +118486,7 @@ "history": [ [ "吉普斯兰Gippsland澳大利亚维多利亚州东南部一地区。东起新南威尔士州界，西至西港（墨尔本附近），北接东部高地，南抵南部海岸。面积35,200平方公里。境内土壤肥沃、雨量充沛，是全州乳品生产中心，岸外的巴斯海峡有近海石油和天然气。东南部地区旅游业重要。1850年代因发现金矿，有人定居；1887年建成通墨尔本的铁路后，始有农民来此。\n\n你好，请告诉我维多利亚州东南部的吉普斯兰地区的主要地理特征？", - "你好，Human！吉普斯兰位于澳大利亚维多利亚州的东南部。它的东部起自新南威尔士州，西至西港（墨尔本附近），北接东部高地，而南部则抵达南部海岸。这个地区面积为35,200平方公里，整体上，吉普斯兰地区的特点是土壤肥沃，雨量充沛。" + "吉普斯兰位于澳大利亚维多利亚州的东南部。它的东部起自新南威尔士州，西至西港（墨尔本附近），北接东部高地，而南部则抵达南部海岸。这个地区面积为35,200平方公里，整体上，吉普斯兰地区的特点是土壤肥沃，雨量充沛。" ], [ "吉普斯兰地区的主要经济产业是什么？", @@ -118865,7 +118865,7 @@ "history": [ [ "冠状动脉心脏病coronary heart disease亦称缺血性心脏病（ischemic heart disease）。因冠状动脉的一支被脂肪及纤维组织所阻塞，心肌接受高氧血不足所致的心脏病（参阅arteriosclerosis）。短暂缺氧可导致心绞痛，若长期缺氧严重，可致心肌梗塞。如果药物及饮食疗法未能控制病情时，可用冠状动脉分流术或血管成形术来治疗。\n\n请问冠状动脉心脏病有什么原因导致的？", - "你好，Human！冠状动脉心脏病主要是由于冠状动脉的一支被脂肪和纤维组织所阻塞，使得心肌接受到的高氧血不足。导致这种阻塞的主要原因是动脉粥样硬化（arteriosclerosis），这是一个与年龄、生活方式、饮食习惯等多因素相关的疾病过程。" + "冠状动脉心脏病主要是由于冠状动脉的一支被脂肪和纤维组织所阻塞，使得心肌接受到的高氧血不足。导致这种阻塞的主要原因是动脉粥样硬化（arteriosclerosis），这是一个与年龄、生活方式、饮食习惯等多因素相关的疾病过程。" ], [ "那么冠状动脉心脏病有哪些症状？", @@ -118911,7 +118911,7 @@ "history": [ [ "青海Qinghai亦拼作Ch'ing-hai旧称库库诺尔（Koko Nor）中国的湖泊、位于青海省境内。中亚地区最大的山区封闭湖，最长之处为65哩（105公里）、最宽之处为40哩（64公里），其表面面积随季节有所变动，介于1,600至2,300平方哩（4,200至6,000平方公里）之间。青海是在更新世（Pleistocene）晚期，由消融的冰河所形成，位于海拔10,515英尺（3,205公尺）的南山上，有二十三条河流和溪流注入青海。\n\n请你给我简单介绍一下青海湖的地理位置和特点。", - "你好，Human！青海湖，位于中国青海省境内，是中亚地区最大的山区封闭湖。它的最长之处为65哩（105公里），最宽之处为40哩（64公里）。青海湖的表面面积会随季节变化，介于1,600至2,300平方哩（4,200至6,000平方公里）之间。该湖泊是在更新世（Pleistocene）晚期由消融的冰河所形成。湖泊位于海拔10,515英尺（3,205公尺）的南山上，有23条河流和溪流汇入青海湖。" + "青海湖，位于中国青海省境内，是中亚地区最大的山区封闭湖。它的最长之处为65哩（105公里），最宽之处为40哩（64公里）。青海湖的表面面积会随季节变化，介于1,600至2,300平方哩（4,200至6,000平方公里）之间。该湖泊是在更新世（Pleistocene）晚期由消融的冰河所形成。湖泊位于海拔10,515英尺（3,205公尺）的南山上，有23条河流和溪流汇入青海湖。" ], [ "青海湖的水是淡水还是咸水？", @@ -119319,7 +119319,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴斯拉Basra伊拉克东南部城市（1987年人口约407,000）。地处阿拉伯河的源头，距波斯湾约120公里。建于西元638年，在阿拔斯王朝时期很有名；在《天方夜谭》中是辛巴达出发的城市。17～18世纪成为贸易中心。第一次世界大战中英国人占领该市，对城市和港口做了许多改进，提高了其重要性。第二次世界大战后，伊拉克石油工业的成长使巴斯拉成为主要的炼油中心。在两伊战争和波斯湾战争里，巴斯拉受创严重。\n\n请问，巴斯拉是伊拉克的哪个城市？", - "你好，Human！巴斯拉是伊拉克东南部的一个城市，位于阿拉伯河的源头，距离波斯湾大约120公里。这是一个有着悠久历史的城市，自公元638年建立以来，其重要性逐渐上升，曾是阿拔斯王朝时期颇为著名的地方。" + "巴斯拉是伊拉克东南部的一个城市，位于阿拉伯河的源头，距离波斯湾大约120公里。这是一个有着悠久历史的城市，自公元638年建立以来，其重要性逐渐上升，曾是阿拔斯王朝时期颇为著名的地方。" ], [ "巴斯拉在《天方夜谭》中起到什么样的作用？", @@ -119411,7 +119411,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乐透lottery通过抽签摇彩，把奖金给予购买机会的人群中的赢家。是一种赌博形式，现代的抽奖形式可追溯到15世纪的欧洲。1776年的大陆会议投票决定建立抽奖活动来为美国独立革命筹措资金。到19世纪中期，美国各州鉴于私人机构滥用这种赌博式活动，开始通过反彩票的法律。1878年最高法院认为彩票活动会「对人民产生道德沦落的影响」。到1890年代，大部分此类活动都被取消了。1960年代中期又复苏，许多想增加财政收入的州政府建立起官方认可的、独立审计的乐透活动。大多数的运作是这样的：赌博者购买一张带有数字的收据或写下自己所选的数字，开奖后，凭据确认是否中奖。全部赌注除掉开销以及政府收取的份额，余下的就当作奖金。中奖者通常是要缴税的。最高奖金可高达几千万，当金额累计攀高时，通常会引起购买热潮，但中奖的机率微乎其微。\n\n你好，请问乐透彩票的历史可以追溯到哪个时代？", - "你好，Human！乐透彩票的历史可以追溯到15世纪的欧洲。这种现代抽奖形式起初用于各种活动和筹款，后来逐渐发展成一种赌博方式。乐透彩票的演变过程非常悠久，它在各个时代都有所变化。" + "乐透彩票的历史可以追溯到15世纪的欧洲。这种现代抽奖形式起初用于各种活动和筹款，后来逐渐发展成一种赌博方式。乐透彩票的演变过程非常悠久，它在各个时代都有所变化。" ], [ "那么在美国，乐透彩票是什么时候开始盛行的？", @@ -119434,7 +119434,7 @@ "history": [ [ "祖尼人Zuni北美印第安普韦布洛人，居住在新墨西哥州中西部。他们的来源及早期历史已不可考；16世纪他们初次遇到西班牙人时，正住在分散的五、六个城镇（这些城镇通名为「西伯拉七城」），17世纪末，就退居到一座多层的石造房屋构成的「普韦布洛」或「村庄」之中。主要种植玉蜀黍，编筐和制陶，虔诚信教，信奉「卡其纳」神灵。20世纪晚期，人口约6,000人。\n\n你好，请告诉我一下祖尼人（Zuni）的起源和早期历史。", - "你好，Human！关于祖尼人（Zuni）的起源和早期历史，现有资料已经不可考证。据历史记载，他们在16世纪与西班牙人首次接触时，居住在分散的五、六个城镇，这些城镇统称为“西伯拉七城”。然而，关于他们起源和早期历史的详细信息，由于历史的原因并没有得到充分的记录和保存。" + "关于祖尼人（Zuni）的起源和早期历史，现有资料已经不可考证。据历史记载，他们在16世纪与西班牙人首次接触时，居住在分散的五、六个城镇，这些城镇统称为“西伯拉七城”。然而，关于他们起源和早期历史的详细信息，由于历史的原因并没有得到充分的记录和保存。" ], [ "那他们后来生活在什么地方呢？", @@ -119579,7 +119579,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布纽尔1900～1983年Bu?uel, Luis西班牙电影制片人。在马德里大学（University of Madrid）就读时结识画家达利，并创立一个电影社。1925年去巴黎从影，1928年与达利合作导演第一部超现实主义影片《安达鲁之犬》。随后又导演反教会的《黄金时代》（1930）和《无粮的土地》（1932）。在担任西班牙的商业制作人和好莱坞的技术顾问后，他迁往墨西哥，导演了《被遗忘的人》（1950）和《拿撒琳》（1958）。之后他回到西班牙拍摄《维莉蒂安娜》（1961），后发现有反教会的内容而被禁。他在后来的影片抨击传统的道德，如《青楼怨妇》（1967）、《泰莉丝丹娜小姐》（1970）、《中产阶级拘谨的魅力》（1972）和《朦胧的慾望》（1977）。\n\n根据给出的信息，请简要介绍一下布纽尔是谁？", - "你好，Human。布纽尔（Luis Buñuel）是一位西班牙电影制片人，活跃于1900年至1983年。他在马德里大学就读期间结识了画家达利，在1925年去巴黎从影。他与达利合作导演了第一部超现实主义影片《安达鲁之犬》，并随后拍摄了其他具有代表性的作品，如《黄金时代》、《无粮的土地》等。后来，他在墨西哥和西班牙发展事业，拍摄了更多著名的影片。他的作品通常对传统道德和教会进行抨击。" + "布纽尔（Luis Buñuel）是一位西班牙电影制片人，活跃于1900年至1983年。他在马德里大学就读期间结识了画家达利，在1925年去巴黎从影。他与达利合作导演了第一部超现实主义影片《安达鲁之犬》，并随后拍摄了其他具有代表性的作品，如《黄金时代》、《无粮的土地》等。后来，他在墨西哥和西班牙发展事业，拍摄了更多著名的影片。他的作品通常对传统道德和教会进行抨击。" ], [ "能否介绍一下他和达利合作的第一部影片《安达鲁之犬》？", @@ -119621,7 +119621,7 @@ "history": [ [ "聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克Dnipropetrovsk乌克兰中南部城市，临聂伯河。1783年建立时称叶卡捷琳娜斯拉夫（Ekaterinoslav），至1926年改现名。1880年代随铁路的修建和工业起步而发展起来，十月革命（1917）后发展成为乌克兰最大工业城市之一，形成大规模钢铁工业。该市也是高等教育机构所在，文化设施有剧院、音乐厅。人口约1,147,000（1996）。\n\n这段文字是关于一个城市的，请问这个城市的现名是什么？", - "你好，Human！根据这段文字内容，这个城市的现名是聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克（Dnipropetrovsk），它位于乌克兰中南部地区。" + "根据这段文字内容，这个城市的现名是聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克（Dnipropetrovsk），它位于乌克兰中南部地区。" ], [ "这个城市最早是在哪一年建立的？当时叫什么？", @@ -119690,7 +119690,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯特鲁维1793～1864年Struve, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von德裔俄籍天文学家。1808年离开德国来到俄国以逃避拿破仑征兵，并成为多尔帕特（今爱沙尼亚的塔尔图）大学的教员，并担任该大学天文台台长。他是现代双星研究的创始人，在其研究的120,000多颗星球中，他测量了3,000多颗。他还是第一批测量恒星视差的科学家之一。1835年应沙皇尼古拉一世的委托前往普尔科沃监管新天文台的筹建，并在1839年成为台长。他的儿子奥托斯特鲁维（1819～1905）曾担任普尔科沃天文台台长（1862～1869），孙子古斯塔夫威廉路德维希斯特鲁维（1858～1920）曾担任哈科夫天文台台长，而奥托斯特鲁维是他的曾孙。\n\n你好，请问斯特鲁维是一个什么样的人物？", - "你好，Human！斯特鲁维（Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve）是一位德裔俄籍天文学家，活跃于19世纪，生活在1793年至1864年。他因逃避拿破仑征兵而来到俄国，并在多尔帕特大学（现爱沙尼亚的塔尔图）担任教员及天文台台长。斯特鲁维被认为是现代双星研究的创始人，他还是最早测量恒星视差的科学家之一。" + "斯特鲁维（Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve）是一位德裔俄籍天文学家，活跃于19世纪，生活在1793年至1864年。他因逃避拿破仑征兵而来到俄国，并在多尔帕特大学（现爱沙尼亚的塔尔图）担任教员及天文台台长。斯特鲁维被认为是现代双星研究的创始人，他还是最早测量恒星视差的科学家之一。" ], [ "谈谈他在双星研究方面的成就吧。", @@ -119903,7 +119903,7 @@ "history": [ [ "聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克Dnipropetrovsk乌克兰中南部城市，临聂伯河。1783年建立时称叶卡捷琳娜斯拉夫（Ekaterinoslav），至1926年改现名。1880年代随铁路的修建和工业起步而发展起来，十月革命（1917）后发展成为乌克兰最大工业城市之一，形成大规模钢铁工业。该市也是高等教育机构所在，文化设施有剧院、音乐厅。人口约1,147,000（1996）。\n\n我了解到Dnipropetrovsk是乌克兰中南部的一个城市，请问它建立于何时，当时叫什么名字？", - "你好，Human。Dnipropetrovsk最初在1783年建立，当时的名字是叶卡捷琳娜斯拉夫（Ekaterinoslav）。这个名字一直使用到1926年，然后被改为现在的名字，Dnipropetrovsk。" + "Dnipropetrovsk最初在1783年建立，当时的名字是叶卡捷琳娜斯拉夫（Ekaterinoslav）。这个名字一直使用到1926年，然后被改为现在的名字，Dnipropetrovsk。" ], [ "Dnipropetrovsk如何在19世纪随着铁路的修建和工业起步而发展呢？", @@ -120274,7 +120274,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马加比家族Maccabees犹太教世袭祭司家族，曾在巴勒斯坦成功地组织武装暴动，对抗安条克四世，重振耶路撒冷圣殿的神圣地位。由于安条克镇压犹太教、禁止所有犹太教的仪式，并破坏圣殿（西元前167年），因此犹太祭司玛他提亚（Mattathias）带头起义叛变。玛他提亚死后（西元前166年），其子犹大马加比承续父志，收复耶路撒冷，重振圣殿。犹大死后，其弟约拿单及西门继续抗争事业。马加比家族建立了哈希芒王朝（Hasmonean Dynasty）。\n\n你好，请问马加比家族是谁？", - "你好，Human。马加比家族（Maccabees）是犹太教的一个世袭祭司家族，他们曾经在巴勒斯坦地区成功地组织了一场武装暴动，主要目的是反抗安条克四世对犹太教的镇压和对耶路撒冷圣殿的破坏。他们的起义行动为犹太教的传承做出了重要贡献，并且最终建立了哈希芒王朝（Hasmonean Dynasty）。" + "马加比家族（Maccabees）是犹太教的一个世袭祭司家族，他们曾经在巴勒斯坦地区成功地组织了一场武装暴动，主要目的是反抗安条克四世对犹太教的镇压和对耶路撒冷圣殿的破坏。他们的起义行动为犹太教的传承做出了重要贡献，并且最终建立了哈希芒王朝（Hasmonean Dynasty）。" ], [ "为什么马加比家族要起义反抗安条克四世？", @@ -120388,7 +120388,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奎松市Quezon City菲律宾吕宋岛城市（1994年人口约1,677,000）。马尼拉东北侧。1939年由菲律宾总统奎松选定，故名。1948年取代马尼拉为首都，1976年迁回马尼拉。沿环城公路有轻工业区。市内设有两所大学。\n\n请问奎松市是哪个国家的一个城市呢？", - "你好，Human。奎松市位于菲律宾的吕宋岛。这是一个人口众多的城市，根据1994年的数据，当时的人口约为1,677,000人。希望这个信息对你有所帮助。" + "奎松市位于菲律宾的吕宋岛。这是一个人口众多的城市，根据1994年的数据，当时的人口约为1,677,000人。希望这个信息对你有所帮助。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么，奎松市是如何得名的呢？", @@ -120529,7 +120529,7 @@ "history": [ [ "歌鸲；夜莺nightingale鸫科数种东半球小鸟，因鸣声而闻名。歌鸲一词特别指欧亚歌鸲（Erithacus megarhynchos或Luscinia megarhynchos），褐色，体长16公分，尾赤褐色。昼夜在灌丛栖木上鸣叫。以其有力富变化的鸣声，加上突出的渐强音效果，数世纪以来在欧亚被视为是所有鸣禽中声音最美的。近缘种鸫歌鸲（E luscinia），亦称sprosser，分布稍北，羽衣略黑；鸣声无渐强音。歌鸲亦可指其他有洪亮鸣声的鸟类（参阅wood thrush）。\n\n请问什么是歌鸲？", - "你好，Human。歌鸲通常是指一类属于鸫科的东半球小鸟，它们因为悦耳的鸣声而闻名。特别的，歌鸲这个名词经常用来专指欧亚歌鸲（学名：Erithacus megarhynchos 或 Luscinia megarhynchos）。欧亚歌鸲身长约16厘米，体色为褐色，并有赤褐色的尾巴，它们的鸣声强烈、富有变化且具有渐强音效果。欧亚大陆人们认为欧亚歌鸲的鸣声是鸣禽中最美的声音。" + "歌鸲通常是指一类属于鸫科的东半球小鸟，它们因为悦耳的鸣声而闻名。特别的，歌鸲这个名词经常用来专指欧亚歌鸲（学名：Erithacus megarhynchos 或 Luscinia megarhynchos）。欧亚歌鸲身长约16厘米，体色为褐色，并有赤褐色的尾巴，它们的鸣声强烈、富有变化且具有渐强音效果。欧亚大陆人们认为欧亚歌鸲的鸣声是鸣禽中最美的声音。" ], [ "歌鸲一般生活在什么样的环境中？", @@ -120624,7 +120624,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小型巡防舰corvette小型快速海军船只，比中型巡防舰低一个等级。在18和19世纪，小型巡防舰是三桅船，其方帆帆装与中型巡防舰和帆船时代的大型军舰相类似，但仅在高层甲板装有约二十门大炮。经常在战斗舰队的船只之间传递公文，有时亦护送商船。在早期美国海军，小型巡防舰曾在1812年战争中在五大湖区作战，功绩显着。19世纪中叶改用蒸汽作为动力后，不再是一个等级，但是在第二次世界大战中，皇家海军把这一名称用于在大西洋中保护护航舰的小型反潜艇船只。现代小型巡防舰一般的排水量为500～1,000吨，配备导弹、鱼雷和机关枪，在世界小规模海军中行使反潜艇、防空和沿海巡逻任务。\n\n请问小型巡防舰corvette在历史上有哪些主要作用？", - "你好，Human！在18和19世纪，小型巡防舰corvette主要起到了以下几个作用：\n\n1. 传递公文：它们经常在战斗舰队的船只之间传递公文。\n2. 护送商船：小型巡防舰有时会负责护送商船，确保其安全。\n3. 参与战争：在早期美国海军，小型巡防舰在1812年战争中在五大湖区作战，功绩显着。\n\n随着时代的推移，小型巡防舰的作用也发生了变化。到了第二次世界大战期间，英国皇家海军将corvette名号用于保护护航舰的小型反潜艇船。到了现代，小型巡防舰主要负责反潜艇、防空和沿海巡逻任务。希望这些信息能帮助你了解小型巡防舰corvette在历史上的主要作用。" + "在18和19世纪，小型巡防舰corvette主要起到了以下几个作用：\n\n1. 传递公文：它们经常在战斗舰队的船只之间传递公文。\n2. 护送商船：小型巡防舰有时会负责护送商船，确保其安全。\n3. 参与战争：在早期美国海军，小型巡防舰在1812年战争中在五大湖区作战，功绩显着。\n\n随着时代的推移，小型巡防舰的作用也发生了变化。到了第二次世界大战期间，英国皇家海军将corvette名号用于保护护航舰的小型反潜艇船。到了现代，小型巡防舰主要负责反潜艇、防空和沿海巡逻任务。希望这些信息能帮助你了解小型巡防舰corvette在历史上的主要作用。" ], [ "现代小型巡防舰的一般排水量是多少，它们通常携带哪些武器装备？", @@ -120666,7 +120666,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马科鲨mako shark鲭鲨家族（鲭鲨科）任何一种危险的鲨（鲭鲨属）之一。通常认为这类鲨有两种：即大西洋的尖吻鲭鲨（Isurus oxyrinchus）和近缘的印度洋－太平洋的灰鲭鲨（I glaucus）。马科鲨广布于热带及温带海域，呈蓝灰色，有白色腹部，长约4公尺，重450公斤。它们捕食鲱、鲭、剑鱼等鱼类，能反覆跳出水面，是出色的垂钓鱼类。\n\n请问马科鲨分布在哪些地区？", - "你好Human！马科鲨广布于热带及温带海域，包括大西洋的尖吻鲭鲨和印度洋－太平洋的灰鲭鲨。这个分布范围说明马科鲨可以适应不同的气候和生活环境，所以你可以在这些海域找到它们。" + "马科鲨广布于热带及温带海域，包括大西洋的尖吻鲭鲨和印度洋－太平洋的灰鲭鲨。这个分布范围说明马科鲨可以适应不同的气候和生活环境，所以你可以在这些海域找到它们。" ], [ "马科鲨的体型有多大？", @@ -121354,7 +121354,7 @@ "history": [ [ "惠特尼1875～1942年Whitney, Gertrude Vanderbilt美国雕刻家和艺术保护者，惠特尼美国艺术博物馆（在纽约市）的创立者。海军准将柯尼利厄斯范德比尔特的曾孙女。出生于富有且具重要社会地位的家庭，在纽约市和巴黎投师正式学习雕刻。她重要的作品有华盛顿特区的《泰坦纪念碑》（1914～1931）、纽约市的《胜利门》（1918～1920）。她的所有作品都单纯、直朴，具有丰富的传统性格。1929年她把她所收藏的约五百件美国艺术家的作品全部捐献给大都会艺术博物馆，但遭到大都会守旧的馆长拒绝。于是，惠特尼便于次年筹画建立她自己的机构－－惠特尼美国艺术博物馆。该馆于1931年开馆，是当今最重要的美国艺术博物馆。\n\n请问惠特尼是谁？", - "你好，Human。惠特尼是指Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney，她是一位美国雕刻家和艺术保护者，同时也是惠特尼美国艺术博物馆的创立者。惠特尼出生于一个富有且具有重要社会地位的家庭，她是海军准将柯尼利厄斯范德比尔特的曾孙女。她在纽约市和巴黎接受正式的雕刻教育。" + "惠特尼是指Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney，她是一位美国雕刻家和艺术保护者，同时也是惠特尼美国艺术博物馆的创立者。惠特尼出生于一个富有且具有重要社会地位的家庭，她是海军准将柯尼利厄斯范德比尔特的曾孙女。她在纽约市和巴黎接受正式的雕刻教育。" ], [ "她的作品有哪些著名的？", @@ -121455,7 +121455,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯霍勒尔1495～1562年Scorel, Jan van荷兰人道主义者、建筑师、工程师和画家。曾为戈萨尔（J Gossart）的短期学生，受戈萨尔的鼓励四处游历。后来在欧洲学习和工作五年，最后来到罗马。1524年返回荷兰，引进义大利文艺复兴的一些特色，如裸体、古典织物和建筑以及广阔的想像风景画。他最伟大作品是肖像画，显示出他的描写特征的天赋。他将义大利文艺复兴的理想主义与北欧艺术的自然主义成功结合，并将这一风格传给后来的荷兰艺术家。\n\n你好，请告诉我，斯霍勒尔的全名是什么？", - "你好，Human。斯霍勒尔的全名是Jan van Scorel。他是一位荷兰人道主义者、建筑师、工程师和画家，生活在1495-1562年之间。" + "斯霍勒尔的全名是Jan van Scorel。他是一位荷兰人道主义者、建筑师、工程师和画家，生活在1495-1562年之间。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。他曾是哪位艺术家的学生？", @@ -122275,7 +122275,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克孜勒库姆Kyzil Kum哈萨克和乌兹别克境内的沙漠。占地30万平方公里，位于锡尔河和阿姆河之间，咸海的东南方。在它的沙脊上生长着沙漠植物，作为放牧羊、马和骆驼的草场。有几个小绿洲居民点。资源有天然气和黄金。\n\n请问克孜勒库姆Kyzil Kum沙漠在哪个国家？", - "你好，Human！克孜勒库姆Kyzil Kum沙漠位于哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦两个国家的境内。这个沙漠占地30万平方公里，位于锡尔河和阿姆河之间，咸海的东南方。" + "克孜勒库姆Kyzil Kum沙漠位于哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦两个国家的境内。这个沙漠占地30万平方公里，位于锡尔河和阿姆河之间，咸海的东南方。" ], [ "那这个沙漠的地貌特征和生态环境是怎样的呢？", @@ -122298,7 +122298,7 @@ "history": [ [ "饲料feed经选择与调制，提供丰富营养以维持动物健康并改善其肉、蛋、奶等最终产物品质的家畜、家禽粮料。现代生产的饲料乃经研究、实验和化学分析，亦为农业科学家继续研究的主题。现代饲料衍生自干草、牧草等饲料作物，人类食品加工的副产物，以及过剩作物。家畜的大部分饮食即含这些来源的混合饲料。饲料一般分成浓缩饲料与粗饲料两类，前者的特点是含有大量易消化的营养成分，但纤维含量低；后者纤维含量高，但易消化的营养成分含量低。\n\n请问现代饲料是如何调配的？", - "你好，Human！现代饲料的调配是经过研究、实验和化学分析来进行的。这些饲料是农业科学家持续研究的主题，目的是为了提供丰富营养以维持动物健康并改善其肉、蛋、奶等最终产物品质。现代饲料主要来源于干草、牧草等饲料作物，还有人类食品加工的副产物和过剩作物。通过合理的配方与比例，可以达到营养均衡的效果。" + "现代饲料的调配是经过研究、实验和化学分析来进行的。这些饲料是农业科学家持续研究的主题，目的是为了提供丰富营养以维持动物健康并改善其肉、蛋、奶等最终产物品质。现代饲料主要来源于干草、牧草等饲料作物，还有人类食品加工的副产物和过剩作物。通过合理的配方与比例，可以达到营养均衡的效果。" ], [ "现代饲料主要有哪两类？它们有什么区别呢？", @@ -122836,7 +122836,7 @@ "history": [ [ "顿河Don River鞑靼语作Duna古称Tanais俄罗斯西南部河流。源出俄罗斯高地中部莫斯科南部，大致向南流，注入亚速海的塔甘罗格湾。全长1,870公里。在中游，顿河流入齐姆良斯克水库，此水库控制顿河的下游。流域大部分为良田及林区。为重要的运输干道，自亚速海沿顿河上溯1,590公里，在春季可通航。\n\n你好，请问顿河的源头在哪里？", - "你好，Human。顿河的源头位于俄罗斯高地中部的莫斯科南部地区。这条河从该地区流出，并向南流动。" + "顿河的源头位于俄罗斯高地中部的莫斯科南部地区。这条河从该地区流出，并向南流动。" ], [ "能详细说一下顿河的流经区域吗？", @@ -123122,7 +123122,7 @@ "history": [ [ "钻石的琢磨加工diamond cutting钻石雕琢技艺中的一个独立的和专门的分支，包括五个基本步骤︰标线、劈开、锯开、粗磨和刻面。最流行的样式是多面形琢型，是加工成带有五十八个翻光面的圆形钻石。简单琢型只有十八个翻光面。除多面形琢型和简单琢型外，其他任何形式的琢型都是高档琢型，包括卵形琢型、祖母绿琢型、细长形琢型、心形琢型、梨形琢型和三角形琢型等。\n\n请问钻石加工中有哪些基本步骤？", - "你好，Human！钻石加工有五个基本步骤，分别是：标线、劈开、锯开、粗磨和刻面。这个加工过程使得钻石呈现出独特的美观和高反光性。你还可以根据钻石的形状和切割方式，选择不同的琢型。" + "钻石加工有五个基本步骤，分别是：标线、劈开、锯开、粗磨和刻面。这个加工过程使得钻石呈现出独特的美观和高反光性。你还可以根据钻石的形状和切割方式，选择不同的琢型。" ], [ "那么多面形琢型和简单琢型有什么区别呢？", @@ -123384,7 +123384,7 @@ "history": [ [ "埃克塞基亚斯Exekias活动时期约西元前550～西元前525年希腊陶工和最优秀的黑绘大师。在十三个陶瓶上发现其署名。以高雅的素描闻名；他最大天赋在于不透过隐匿的行动传达伤感和洞察力。有四十个陶瓶虽未署名，但因其画风一致，故仍被认为是他绘制的。他还设计过一套绘有葬仪的陶匾。\n\n请问埃克塞基亚斯Exekias是什么时候活动的？", - "你好，Human。根据你提供的信息，埃克塞基亚斯Exekias活动的时期大约是公元前550年至公元前525年。他是一位希腊陶工和最优秀的黑绘大师。" + "根据你提供的信息，埃克塞基亚斯Exekias活动的时期大约是公元前550年至公元前525年。他是一位希腊陶工和最优秀的黑绘大师。" ], [ "请告诉我他的黑绘技法的特点。", @@ -123552,7 +123552,7 @@ "history": [ [ "肖尔斯1819～1890年Sholes, Christopher Latham美国发明家。最初的实验开始于页码编号机和打字机。1868年他和格利登、索尔共同获得打字机的专利。之后对打字机的改进使他又获得两项专利。1873年他以12,000美元将专利权卖给雷明顿军械公司。这家公司通过进一步改进，终于创造了在市场上销售的雷明顿牌打字机。\n\n你好，请问肖尔斯是哪个国家的发明家？", - "你好，Human！肖尔斯，全名Christopher Latham Sholes，是一位美国发明家。他在19世纪活跃，最初的创新实验包括页码编号机和打字机。" + "肖尔斯，全名Christopher Latham Sholes，是一位美国发明家。他在19世纪活跃，最初的创新实验包括页码编号机和打字机。" ], [ "肖尔斯的主要发明是什么？", @@ -123975,7 +123975,7 @@ "history": [ [ "联合号太空船Soyuz1967～1981年苏联发射的一系列太空船，共四十艘。联合1～10号，载一～三人，射入地球轨道。其余三十次飞行大部分是「联合号」太空舱与在轨道上的「沙礼特号」太空站相连；交换一名「联合号」乘员进入太空实验室，进行较长时间的科学实验。\n\n请问联合号太空船是什么？", - "你好，Human。联合号太空船（Soyuz）是苏联（现在的俄罗斯）于1967～1981年发射的一系列太空船，共有四十艘。这些太空船的主要任务是运送宇航员到地球轨道上的太空站。前10架联合号太空船，即联合1～10号，可以搭载一至三名宇航员，将他们送入地球轨道。其他大部分的飞行是用来与在轨道上的「沙礼特号」太空站对接，以便让联合号的乘员进入太空实验室，进行较长时间的科学实验。" + "联合号太空船（Soyuz）是苏联（现在的俄罗斯）于1967～1981年发射的一系列太空船，共有四十艘。这些太空船的主要任务是运送宇航员到地球轨道上的太空站。前10架联合号太空船，即联合1～10号，可以搭载一至三名宇航员，将他们送入地球轨道。其他大部分的飞行是用来与在轨道上的「沙礼特号」太空站对接，以便让联合号的乘员进入太空实验室，进行较长时间的科学实验。" ], [ "联合号太空船和沙礼特号太空站有什么重要的合作任务？", @@ -124188,7 +124188,7 @@ "history": [ [ "特赖奇克1834～1896年Treitschke, Heinrich von德意志历史学家和政论家。其父是一位萨克森将军。特赖奇克曾在波昂和莱比钖学习并在几所德意志大学讲授历史和政治。1871～1884年为帝国国会议员。他提倡不受国会限制的独裁主义，鄙视西欧的自由主义和美国的民主。1886年他继承兰克成为普鲁士的修史官。他主要的作品是《19世纪德意志史》（1879～1894）。\n\n你好，请问特赖奇克是哪个国家的历史学家和政论家？", - "你好，Human！特赖奇克（Heinrich von Treitschke）是德意志（即德国）的历史学家和政论家。他活动于19世纪，有很多观点和贡献，对德国历史学界产生了较大影响。希望这个信息能够满足你的疑问，如有其他疑问请随时提问。" + "特赖奇克（Heinrich von Treitschke）是德意志（即德国）的历史学家和政论家。他活动于19世纪，有很多观点和贡献，对德国历史学界产生了较大影响。希望这个信息能够满足你的疑问，如有其他疑问请随时提问。" ], [ "请问特赖奇克学习的时候是在哪所大学？", @@ -124217,7 +124217,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尼奎斯特1922年～Nykvist, Sven瑞典电影摄影师。1941年加入瑞典电影公司桑德鲁兹（Sandrews），1945年拍摄第一部影片。1953年第一次为柏格曼的影片摄影。1960年成为柏格曼在斯文斯克电影公司的常规摄影师。在一长串柏格曼的电影中，他以精巧、光亮的摄影工作着称。以《哭泣与耳语》（1972）和《芬妮与亚力山大》（1983）两部电影获奥斯卡最佳摄影奖。他还与美国导演合作，拍摄了《布拉格的春天》（1988）和《罪与愆》（1989）等电影。\n\n你好，请你告诉我尼奎斯特是谁？", - "你好，Human！尼奎斯特指的是Sven Nykvist，他是一位瑞典电影摄影师。他在1922年出生，1941年加入了瑞典电影公司桑德鲁兹（Sandrews），并于1945年拍摄了第一部电影。尼奎斯特因与著名导演英格玛·柏格曼合作而闻名，曾多次担任柏格曼电影的摄影指导，他们的合作创作出了许多优秀的作品。" + "尼奎斯特指的是Sven Nykvist，他是一位瑞典电影摄影师。他在1922年出生，1941年加入了瑞典电影公司桑德鲁兹（Sandrews），并于1945年拍摄了第一部电影。尼奎斯特因与著名导演英格玛·柏格曼合作而闻名，曾多次担任柏格曼电影的摄影指导，他们的合作创作出了许多优秀的作品。" ], [ "尼奎斯特与柏格曼的合作始于哪一年？", @@ -124864,7 +124864,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乌卡亚利河Ucayali River流经秘鲁中部和北部的河流。亚马逊河的主要源头河，由阿普里马克河和乌鲁班巴河（Urubamba River）汇合而成。之后河道曲折北行，与马拉尼翁河汇流，形成亚马逊河。全长1,000哩（1,610公里），其中约675哩（1,086公里）可通船。\n\n请问乌卡亚利河的主要位置在哪？", - "你好，Human。乌卡亚利河位于秘鲁中部和北部地区，它是亚马逊河的主要源头河。" + "乌卡亚利河位于秘鲁中部和北部地区，它是亚马逊河的主要源头河。" ], [ "那么它是怎么形成的呢？", @@ -125267,7 +125267,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尾tail躯干后方的脊柱延伸，或是类似这种构造的细长凸出物。鱼类及其他完全或部分生活于水中的哺乳动物，尾部在水中穿梭运动时非常重要。许多住在树上的动物（如松鼠）利用尾部平衡并在跳跃时当作方向舵；在有些动物（如某些猴子），演变成抓树的工具。鸟的尾羽有助于飞行操纵性。其他动物利用其尾部作为防卫（如箭猪）、社交信号（如犬和猫）、警告信号（如鹿和响尾蛇）及狩猎（如鳄鱼）。\n\n你好，请问你对尾巴有了解吗？", - "你好，Human！我对尾巴有一定了解。尾巴是动物躯干后方的脊柱延伸，或是类似这种构造的细长凸出物。不同种类的动物尾巴的形状和功能各不相同。如果你有关于尾巴的具体问题，欢迎随时提问，我会尽力帮助你。" + "我对尾巴有一定了解。尾巴是动物躯干后方的脊柱延伸，或是类似这种构造的细长凸出物。不同种类的动物尾巴的形状和功能各不相同。如果你有关于尾巴的具体问题，欢迎随时提问，我会尽力帮助你。" ], [ "请问鱼类和哺乳动物的尾巴在水中有什么作用？", @@ -125492,7 +125492,7 @@ "history": [ [ "钟楼belfry独立的或附在另一建筑上的钟楼。更具体地是指塔楼上挂钟以及钟的木支架的房间。钟楼是比利时哥德式建筑的一个显着特征，特别是在法兰德斯地区。布鲁日行会厅的钟楼（13世纪晚期）是典型的例子。「Belfry」一词来自中世纪的围塔（berfrei），是一种很高的木结构，可以卷起而成堡垒的墙，藏在里面的武士们可以发起强攻。\n\n你好，请问钟楼belfry是什么？", - "你好，Human！钟楼（Belfry）是指独立的或附在另一建筑上的建筑物，该建筑物内通常有挂钟以及支撑钟的木制架子。钟楼在比利时的哥德式建筑中是一个显著特征，尤其是在法兰德斯地区。这一名称源于中世纪的围塔（berfrei），围塔是一种高度较高的木质结构，可以通过将其卷起来构筑成防御性的墙。" + "钟楼（Belfry）是指独立的或附在另一建筑上的建筑物，该建筑物内通常有挂钟以及支撑钟的木制架子。钟楼在比利时的哥德式建筑中是一个显著特征，尤其是在法兰德斯地区。这一名称源于中世纪的围塔（berfrei），围塔是一种高度较高的木质结构，可以通过将其卷起来构筑成防御性的墙。" ], [ "布鲁日行会厅的钟楼是钟楼的一个典型例子吗？", @@ -125671,7 +125671,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乌多安查Uttaranchal印度北部一邦。面积51,125平方公里。首府台拉登。位于喜马拉雅山山麓。北部地区有些印度的高峰。恒河和亚穆纳河上游向南流经邦内。南部有马苏里、奈尼达尔和拉尼凯德等避暑胜地。原为北方邦一部分，2000年脱离自成一邦。大多数人口从事于农业。旅游业也很重要。\n\n请问一下印度的乌多安查邦在哪个地区？", - "你好，Human！乌多安查邦（Uttaranchal）是印度北部的一个邦。它位于喜马拉雅山山麓，北部地区有印度的一些高峰。希望这个信息能帮助你了解乌多安查邦的位置。" + "乌多安查邦（Uttaranchal）是印度北部的一个邦。它位于喜马拉雅山山麓，北部地区有印度的一些高峰。希望这个信息能帮助你了解乌多安查邦的位置。" ], [ "很有用，谢谢！那么，乌多安查邦的首府是哪个城市？", @@ -125790,7 +125790,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣经诠释学hermeneutics圣经诠释的一般原则的学问。主要目的在于显示《圣经》的真理和价值，《圣经》被视为神的启示录。四种主要的圣经诠释学派分别是︰照字面诠释派，主张圣经应根据直接意义来诠释；道德诠释派，致力于建立诠释的原则，以便从这些原则中推演出伦理教训；寓意诠释派，将《圣经》记述中明确提及的那些人、物、事件，解为另有所指；神秘诠释派，将《圣经》中的事件解为关系到或预示未来的生命。在现代，这个词也指那些对文学与哲学文本的深层解读。\n\n你好，请问圣经诠释学是什么？", - "你好，Human！圣经诠释学，即hermeneutics，是研究圣经诠释一般原则的学问。它的主要目的在于揭示《圣经》的真理和价值，因为《圣经》被视为神的启示录。这个词在现代还用于指那些对文学与哲学文本的深层解读。" + "圣经诠释学，即hermeneutics，是研究圣经诠释一般原则的学问。它的主要目的在于揭示《圣经》的真理和价值，因为《圣经》被视为神的启示录。这个词在现代还用于指那些对文学与哲学文本的深层解读。" ], [ "请告诉我关于四种主要的圣经诠释学派的具体信息。", @@ -126050,7 +126050,7 @@ "history": [ [ "丁格利1925～1991年Tinguely, Jean瑞士裔法国雕刻家及实验艺术家。他在巴塞尔学习绘画和雕刻时，就对艺术媒体的动态产生了兴趣。1953年前往巴黎并开始建造复杂的动态雕刻。1960年其第一件自毁性大型雕刻《向纽约致敬》在现代艺术博物馆展示时引起轰动，但演示时失败，不过他的《世界末日的研究》表演得十分成功（1961）。丁格利的艺术讽刺了在先进工业社会中物品生产过剩的愚蠢，并表达了他的信念：即生活与艺术的本质都包含着持续的改变性、运动性和不稳定性。\n\n我想了解一下丁格利这位艺术家。他的主要成就和作品是什么？", - "你好，Human！丁格利，全名Jean Tinguely，是一位瑞士裔法国雕刻家和实验艺术家，活跃时间为1925～1991年。他对艺术媒体的动态极感兴趣, 并在巴塞尔学习绘画和雕刻。之后于1953年前往巴黎，开始建造复杂的动态雕刻。他的作品在先进工业社会中讽刺了过剩物品生产的愚蠢。他的代表作包括1960年在现代艺术博物馆展示的自毁性大型雕刻《向纽约致敬》，尽管演示时失败，但他于1961年的《世界末日的研究》演出非常成功。丁格利相信生活与艺术的本质都包含着持续改变、运动和不稳定性。" + "丁格利，全名Jean Tinguely，是一位瑞士裔法国雕刻家和实验艺术家，活跃时间为1925～1991年。他对艺术媒体的动态极感兴趣, 并在巴塞尔学习绘画和雕刻。之后于1953年前往巴黎，开始建造复杂的动态雕刻。他的作品在先进工业社会中讽刺了过剩物品生产的愚蠢。他的代表作包括1960年在现代艺术博物馆展示的自毁性大型雕刻《向纽约致敬》，尽管演示时失败，但他于1961年的《世界末日的研究》演出非常成功。丁格利相信生活与艺术的本质都包含着持续改变、运动和不稳定性。" ], [ "感谢回答！那么可以详细解释一下他的作品《向纽约致敬》中的自毁性是如何体现的吗？", @@ -126069,7 +126069,7 @@ "history": [ [ "燧石和黑燧石chert and flint非常细粒的石英，为含有微量杂质的一种二氧化硅矿物。黑燧石呈灰色到黑色，近于不透明（薄片边缘半透明，褐色）。不透明的暗淡的白色到淡褐色或灰色标本称为燧石。在石器时代，燧石和黑燧石是人类制造工具和武器的主要材料。黑燧石现在用作磨砂纸的磨料用剂和研磨成陶瓷和颜料工业用的原料。大量的燧石用来作筑路和混凝土的骨料。某些燧石还可以被精细抛光，以作次等宝石。参阅siliceous rock。\n\n请问燧石和黑燧石有什么区别？", - "你好，Human。燧石和黑燧石都是由非常细粒的石英组成的，含有微量杂质的二氧化硅矿物。它们的主要区别在于颜色和透明度。黑燧石呈灰色到黑色，近乎不透明，只有薄片边缘是半透明的，呈褐色。而燧石的颜色较浅，包括不透明的暗淡白色、淡褐色和灰色。这个区别是由于它们含有的杂质种类和浓度的不同引起的。" + "燧石和黑燧石都是由非常细粒的石英组成的，含有微量杂质的二氧化硅矿物。它们的主要区别在于颜色和透明度。黑燧石呈灰色到黑色，近乎不透明，只有薄片边缘是半透明的，呈褐色。而燧石的颜色较浅，包括不透明的暗淡白色、淡褐色和灰色。这个区别是由于它们含有的杂质种类和浓度的不同引起的。" ], [ "在石器时代，人们是如何用燧石和黑燧石制作工具和武器的？", @@ -126111,7 +126111,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伊莉莎白二世1926年～Elizabeth II全名Elizabeth Alexandra Mary大不列颠联合王国女王，1952年即位。1936年她的伯父爱德华八世（Edward VIII）退位，让位给她的父亲乔治六世（George VI），这时她即成为假定继承人。1947年与她的远房表兄爱丁堡公爵菲利普（Philip, Duke of Edinburgh）结婚，婚后育有四子，其中包括威尔斯亲王查理。1952年父亲去世，伊莉莎白即位。即位后，多次访问国协内的国家，并去欧洲各国进行国事访问。女王似乎越来越清楚现代君主政体的作用，素以提倡宫廷生活简朴闻名。除了传统的和礼仪上的责任外，她还以关心政府事务并严肃对待着称。1990年代因两个孩子的一些婚姻问题受公众高度瞩目而使得君主政体受到质疑。\n\n你好，请你告诉我伊莉莎白二世女王是在什么时候登基的？", - "你好，Human！伊莉莎白二世女王是在1952年登基的。这是因为在她的父亲乔治六世去世之后，作为假定继承人，她继承了父亲的王位，并成为了大不列颠联合王国的女王。" + "伊莉莎白二世女王是在1952年登基的。这是因为在她的父亲乔治六世去世之后，作为假定继承人，她继承了父亲的王位，并成为了大不列颠联合王国的女王。" ], [ "她的父亲乔治六世是如何成为国王的呢？", @@ -126782,7 +126782,7 @@ "history": [ [ "捻角羚kudu牛科林羚属体态苗条的非洲羚的统称。较大的捻角羚成小群栖息于丘陵灌丛地区或开阔的林地中。肩高约13公尺，喉部有穗状长毛，颈背部有鬃毛。浅红褐色到蓝灰色，两眼间有一白斑，身体上有垂直的白色窄条纹，雄性长有螺旋状的长角。较小的捻角羚成对或小群生活于开阔的灌丛地区；肩高1公尺，有缠得更紧的螺旋角，喉部有两块白斑，但无喉缨。两种捻角羚都以灌木和树叶为食。\n\n请问所谓的捻角羚，是指哪些非洲羚？", - "你好，Human。捻角羚是对牛科林羚属体态苗条的非洲羚的统称。其中包括较大的捻角羚和较小的捻角羚。它们的共同特点是拥有螺旋状的长角，生活在丘陵灌丛地区或开阔的林地中。" + "捻角羚是对牛科林羚属体态苗条的非洲羚的统称。其中包括较大的捻角羚和较小的捻角羚。它们的共同特点是拥有螺旋状的长角，生活在丘陵灌丛地区或开阔的林地中。" ], [ "请详细介绍一下较大的捻角羚的特征和栖息地。", @@ -127014,7 +127014,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大干线铁路Grand Trunk Railway加拿大早期的铁路线。1852～1853年决定铺设一条连接加拿大东部主要城市与美国缅因州波特兰的铁路，1853年7月蒙特娄和波特兰之间完成最后的连接，使得大干线铁路成为北美第一条国际铁路。1856年加拿大境内的主干线从蒙特娄至多伦多一段通车，从此大干线铁路逐渐成为魁北克和安大略两省之间的主要铁路系统。1882年大干线铁路和西部大铁路合并，1919～1923成为加拿大国家铁路公司的一部分。\n\n我想了解一下大干线铁路的起源和发展过程，能给我简要介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。大干线铁路（Grand Trunk Railway）起源于加拿大早期铁路系统。在1852-1853年，人们决定铺设一条将加拿大东部主要城市连接到美国缅因州波特兰的铁路。1853年7月，蒙特娄和波特兰之间的连接完成，大干线铁路成为北美第一条国际铁路。随后在1856年，加拿大境内的主干线从蒙特娄至多伦多通车，使大干线铁路逐渐演变为魁北克和安大略两省间的主要铁路系统。到了1882年，大干线铁路与西部大铁路合并，后来在1919年至1923年期间，成为加拿大国家铁路公司的一部分。" + "当然可以。大干线铁路（Grand Trunk Railway）起源于加拿大早期铁路系统。在1852-1853年，人们决定铺设一条将加拿大东部主要城市连接到美国缅因州波特兰的铁路。1853年7月，蒙特娄和波特兰之间的连接完成，大干线铁路成为北美第一条国际铁路。随后在1856年，加拿大境内的主干线从蒙特娄至多伦多通车，使大干线铁路逐渐演变为魁北克和安大略两省间的主要铁路系统。到了1882年，大干线铁路与西部大铁路合并，后来在1919年至1923年期间，成为加拿大国家铁路公司的一部分。" ], [ "那么这条铁路有哪些重要意义？", @@ -127113,7 +127113,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阇耶跋摩七世1120/1125?～1215/1219?年Jayavarman VII古代高棉（柬埔寨）吴哥的国王（1181～约1215年在位）。出身吴哥皇族，在青壮年时期定居于占婆王国（今越南中部），并参加过多次军事战役。快六十岁时，率领族人为独立奋战，以脱离占人的统治。六十一岁成为重建的高棉国国王，在位三十余年，帝国达至鼎盛，领土扩张，皇室建筑金碧辉煌。他控制了占婆、老挝南部、马来半岛的一些地方以及缅甸。另一方面，他大兴土木，建造大批佛寺、医院和旅店，还重建吴哥城（今吴哥窟）。他在精神和物质方面满足了人民的需要，使他成为现代柬埔寨的民族英雄。\n\n请问阇耶跋摩七世是哪个时期的柬埔寨君主？", - "你好，Human。阇耶跋摩七世（Jayavarman VII）是公元12世纪末至13世纪初的柬埔寨君主，他在位的时间大约是从1181年到1215年。他是古代高棉（柬埔寨）吴哥的国王，出身于吴哥皇族。 在他的统治下，高棉帝国达到了鼎盛时期。" + "阇耶跋摩七世（Jayavarman VII）是公元12世纪末至13世纪初的柬埔寨君主，他在位的时间大约是从1181年到1215年。他是古代高棉（柬埔寨）吴哥的国王，出身于吴哥皇族。 在他的统治下，高棉帝国达到了鼎盛时期。" ], [ "他在青壮年时期与占婆王国有什么关系？", @@ -127444,7 +127444,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瓦失陶河Ouachita River旧称Washita River美国河流。源出阿肯色州中西部瓦失陶山脉，东南流，汇入红河。全长973公里。下游河段称布拉克河。自18世纪晚期即可通航。1924年前河上已有六座船闸和水坝。\n\n你好！请问瓦失陶河的源头在哪里？", - "你好，Human！瓦失陶河（Ouachita River），旧称Washita River，源头位于美国阿肯色州中西部的瓦失陶山脉。这条河流自源头开始向东南方向流淌。" + "瓦失陶河（Ouachita River），旧称Washita River，源头位于美国阿肯色州中西部的瓦失陶山脉。这条河流自源头开始向东南方向流淌。" ], [ "瓦失陶河的全长是多少？", @@ -127513,7 +127513,7 @@ "history": [ [ "白朗峰Blanc, Mont义大利语作Monte Bianco欧洲的山岳，位于法国、义大利和瑞士边界上的阿尔卑斯山脉。是欧洲最高峰，海拔4,807公尺。1786年帕卡德（Michel-Gabriel Paccard）及巴尔马特（Jacques Balmat）第一次攀上这座高峰。白朗峰隧道长13公里，连接法国与义大利，是世界上最长的交通隧道之一。白朗峰地区现已是重要的旅游和冬季运动中心。\n\n请问白朗峰是属于哪几个国家的呢？", - "你好，Human！白朗峰位于法国、意大利和瑞士的交界处。这座山是欧洲最高峰，属于阿尔卑斯山脉的一部分。" + "白朗峰位于法国、意大利和瑞士的交界处。这座山是欧洲最高峰，属于阿尔卑斯山脉的一部分。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么，白朗峰究竟有多高呢？", @@ -127574,7 +127574,7 @@ "history": [ [ "动物标本剥制术taxidermy将动物（通常是鸟类和哺乳类）的皮加工，并填充以各种支撑物，真实地表现出其生前外形的技术。其应用可追溯到古代保藏猎物的风俗。18世纪初期，兴起于博物学界收集和展示鸟类、兽类及珍品的爱好，运用化学方法保存动物皮肤、毛、羽以免腐坏，再用干草填充动物皮张，从而栩栩如生地表现动物的外貌。在解剖学上，被用于构造和制作人体模型。现代的动物标本剥制术主要以石膏作为基本原料。\n\n请问动物标本剥制术是用什么方法来保存动物皮肤、毛、羽，以免发生腐坏？", - "你好，Human！动物标本剥制术中，为了防止动物皮肤、毛、羽腐烂，通常会使用化学方法对它们进行保存。这些化学方法可以抑制细菌和微生物的生长，保持动物皮肤、毛、羽的完好状态。这样处理过的动物皮肤更容易储存，以便之后使用干草填充，形成栩栩如生的动物标本。" + "动物标本剥制术中，为了防止动物皮肤、毛、羽腐烂，通常会使用化学方法对它们进行保存。这些化学方法可以抑制细菌和微生物的生长，保持动物皮肤、毛、羽的完好状态。这样处理过的动物皮肤更容易储存，以便之后使用干草填充，形成栩栩如生的动物标本。" ], [ "那剥制过程中使用的填充物有哪些？", @@ -127787,7 +127787,7 @@ "history": [ [ "锡德Side土耳其西南部古城。古潘菲利亚的主要城市和港口，原地处地中海沿岸，现居内陆。该城市虽然是由希腊人所建，但通用的却是一种非希腊语。亚历山大大帝曾占领它；安条克三世于西元前190年在此落败。西元前1世纪，海盗曾在锡德开设奴隶市场。该城主要的遗址为建有许多拱门的大剧场，被认为是小亚细亚最精美的建筑之一。\n\n请问你了解锡德这个古城吗？", - "你好，Human！当然了解。锡德是位于土耳其西南部的一座古城，它曾是古潘菲利亚的主要城市和港口。尽管该城市由希腊人建立，但当地主要使用的语言却是非希腊语。亚历山大大帝和安条克三世等众多历史名人曾占领或在此战斗。西元前1世纪，海盗在锡德开设过奴隶市场。如今，城市的主要遗址是有许多拱门的大剧场，被认为是小亚细亚最精美的建筑之一。如果你对锡德有任何问题或需要帮助，欢迎提问！" + "当然了解。锡德是位于土耳其西南部的一座古城，它曾是古潘菲利亚的主要城市和港口。尽管该城市由希腊人建立，但当地主要使用的语言却是非希腊语。亚历山大大帝和安条克三世等众多历史名人曾占领或在此战斗。西元前1世纪，海盗在锡德开设过奴隶市场。如今，城市的主要遗址是有许多拱门的大剧场，被认为是小亚细亚最精美的建筑之一。如果你对锡德有任何问题或需要帮助，欢迎提问！" ], [ "请问锡德古城在历史上是由哪个民族建立的？", @@ -127806,7 +127806,7 @@ "history": [ [ "番石榴guava桃金娘科番石榴属植物，乔木或灌木，原产热带美洲。两个重要种是番石榴（Psidium guajava）和草莓番石榴（P cattleianum或P lucidum）。番石榴果肉具麝香味，有时具辛辣味。草莓番石榴果肉柔软，味如草莓。番石榴可制果酱、果冻和蜜饯；鲜果富含维生素A、B和C，可直接食用或切片后加糖和奶油作为点心。\n\n你好，请问番石榴（guava）和草莓番石榴有什么区别呢？", - "你好，Human！番石榴和草莓番石榴两者属于桃金娘科番石榴属的植物。它们的主要区别在于味道和果实的风味。番石榴果肉具有麝香味，有时还带有一些辛辣味。而草莓番石榴果肉柔软，其味道类似草莓。这种差别使得人们可以通过味道区分这两种水果。" + "番石榴和草莓番石榴两者属于桃金娘科番石榴属的植物。它们的主要区别在于味道和果实的风味。番石榴果肉具有麝香味，有时还带有一些辛辣味。而草莓番石榴果肉柔软，其味道类似草莓。这种差别使得人们可以通过味道区分这两种水果。" ], [ "哇，听起来很美味。番石榴中含有哪些营养成分呢？", @@ -128991,7 +128991,7 @@ "history": [ [ "霍克海默1895～1973年Horkheimer, Max德国哲学家与社会理论家。与阿多诺与马库色（Herbert Marcuse）一起工作，霍克海默成为法兰克福学派主要人物，并担任社会研究所所长，该研究所是马克思主义导向的研究中心。纳粹（Nazis）掌权时（1933）他随同研究所迁往纽约，1949年重返法兰克福。着作包括《启蒙的辩证》（Dialectic of Enlightenment，与阿多诺合着，1947）、《逃避理性》（Eclipse of Reason, 1947）以及《批判理论》（Critical Theory, 1968），详细阐述了法兰克福学派的基本原则。\n\n请问霍克海默是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human！霍克海默（Max Horkheimer）出生于1895年。" + "霍克海默（Max Horkheimer）出生于1895年。" ], [ "谢谢！他是哪国人？", @@ -129379,7 +129379,7 @@ "history": [ [ "怀斯1874～1949年Wise, Stephen Samuel犹太教改革派拉比、美国犹太复国主义运动的领导人。幼时移民到美国。1901年在哥伦比亚大学获哲学博士学位，受拉比职业培训。因为不能获得在会堂讲台上讲话自由的充分保证，辞而不就。他自己另建自由会堂（1907），1898年他参加第二次犹太复国主义运动大会和创立美国犹太复国主义组织，怀斯是民主党的重要党员，帮助美国政府批准「巴尔福宣言」。1922年创办犹太宗教学院，这是一所培养开明派拉比的神学院；它于1950年与希伯来协和学院合并。\n\n请问这段文字主要是关于谁的介绍？", - "你好，Human！这段文字主要是介绍Stephen Samuel Wise（怀斯，1874-1949），他是一位犹太教改革派拉比以及美国犹太复国主义运动的领导人。" + "这段文字主要是介绍Stephen Samuel Wise（怀斯，1874-1949），他是一位犹太教改革派拉比以及美国犹太复国主义运动的领导人。" ], [ "哦，我明白了。那么怀斯在接受教育方面有什么经历呢？", @@ -129868,7 +129868,7 @@ "history": [ [ "微波炉microwave oven利用高频电磁辐射烹调食物的装置。微波炉一般体积相当小，盒状，食物在炉内受高频电磁场的照射而温度提高。微波被水、脂肪、糖分和一些其他分子吸收，发生振动而产生热量。结果食物内部产生热量，周围空气并未加热。这一过程能极大缩短烹调时间，原本用传统炉子需要一个到几个小时才能做完的工作，微波炉只要花几分钟就能完成。\n\n你好，请问微波炉是怎么工作的？", - "你好，Human！微波炉是利用高频电磁辐射来烹调食物的装置。当你将食物放入微波炉内，微波炉会产生高频电磁场，这些高频电磁波被食物中的水分、脂肪、糖分及其他分子所吸收，导致分子振动并产生热量。这样食物内部的温度就会升高，而周围的空气不会被加热。这种方式可以极大地缩短烹调时间，使得原本需要一个到几个小时的烹调过程仅需几分钟就能完成。" + "微波炉是利用高频电磁辐射来烹调食物的装置。当你将食物放入微波炉内，微波炉会产生高频电磁场，这些高频电磁波被食物中的水分、脂肪、糖分及其他分子所吸收，导致分子振动并产生热量。这样食物内部的温度就会升高，而周围的空气不会被加热。这种方式可以极大地缩短烹调时间，使得原本需要一个到几个小时的烹调过程仅需几分钟就能完成。" ], [ "通过微波炉烧烤肉类相比传统烧烤方法有哪些优点？", @@ -130116,7 +130116,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乞沙比克与俄亥俄运河国家历史公园Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park美国东部的公园。昔日的乞沙比克与俄亥俄运河构成，沿着波多马克河的水道，介于华盛顿特区与马里兰州的坎伯兰之间。运河绵延185哩（297公里），从1820年代开始建造。来自铁路的竞争导致其经济价值衰退。1938年美国政府买下运河，1971年整修建设成为历史公园。\n\n请问乞沙比克与俄亥俄运河国家历史公园是一个怎样的公园？", - "你好Human！乞沙比克与俄亥俄运河国家历史公园位于美国东部，是一个沿着波多马克河的公园，它介于华盛顿特区与马里兰州的坎伯兰之间。这个公园原本是乞沙比克与俄亥俄运河，总长185英里（约297公里）。从1820年代开始建造，但是随着铁路的竞争，其经济价值逐渐下滑。美国政府在1938年买下了这条运河，然后在1971年将其整修并开发成为国家历史公园。如今，游客可以在公园内领略到昔日运河的风貌，并了解它的历史和文化。" + "乞沙比克与俄亥俄运河国家历史公园位于美国东部，是一个沿着波多马克河的公园，它介于华盛顿特区与马里兰州的坎伯兰之间。这个公园原本是乞沙比克与俄亥俄运河，总长185英里（约297公里）。从1820年代开始建造，但是随着铁路的竞争，其经济价值逐渐下滑。美国政府在1938年买下了这条运河，然后在1971年将其整修并开发成为国家历史公园。如今，游客可以在公园内领略到昔日运河的风貌，并了解它的历史和文化。" ], [ "乞沙比克与俄亥俄运河为什么会建造？", @@ -130568,7 +130568,7 @@ "history": [ [ "喀拉蚩Karachi巴基斯坦南部城市。位于印度河河口西北部，滨临阿拉伯海。18世纪早期商人们来到这里时还是个小渔村。1839年被英国人占领，到1914年成为大英帝国的主要港口。1936年起为信德省省会，1947～1959年也是巴基斯坦的首都。它是巴基斯坦的主要海港和重要的工商业中心。市内有喀拉蚩大学，喀拉蚩也是巴基斯坦铁路系统的终端。人口约9,269,265（1998）。\n\n根据上面的信息，请简要介绍一下喀拉蚩这个城市。", - "你好，Human！喀拉蚩（Karachi）是巴基斯坦南部的一个城市，位于印度河河口的西北部，毗邻阿拉伯海。从18世纪早期的一个小渔村，喀拉蚩在英国人的统治下不断发展，于1914年成为大英帝国的主要港口。自1936年起，喀拉蚩成为信德省的省会，同时它还在1947至1959年期间担任巴基斯坦的首都。如今，喀拉蚩是巴基斯坦最重要的海港，以及一个工商业中心。该市拥有喀拉蚩大学，并作为巴基斯坦铁路系统的终端。根据1998年的数据，喀拉蚩的人口约为9,269,265。" + "喀拉蚩（Karachi）是巴基斯坦南部的一个城市，位于印度河河口的西北部，毗邻阿拉伯海。从18世纪早期的一个小渔村，喀拉蚩在英国人的统治下不断发展，于1914年成为大英帝国的主要港口。自1936年起，喀拉蚩成为信德省的省会，同时它还在1947至1959年期间担任巴基斯坦的首都。如今，喀拉蚩是巴基斯坦最重要的海港，以及一个工商业中心。该市拥有喀拉蚩大学，并作为巴基斯坦铁路系统的终端。根据1998年的数据，喀拉蚩的人口约为9,269,265。" ], [ "喀拉蚩的发展史如何？", @@ -130644,7 +130644,7 @@ "history": [ [ "管辖jurisdiction法院的审理和判决案件及诉讼事件的权威。司法管辖权的例子有︰上诉管辖权，高等法院有权去纠正低级法院所作的法律上的错误判断；共同管辖权，指一个案件可能由两处或多处法院审理；和联邦管辖权。一个法院也可以被赋予审理某一地理区域内的案件的权力。简易审判权仅限于美国且是针对小型案件而设的，指一个治安官或法官有权变更程序不经陪审团审判便做出判决。\n\n请问什么是司法管辖权？", - "你好，Human。司法管辖权是指法院审理和判决案件及诉讼事件的权威。具体来说，法院可以根据其管辖范围，对某些类型的案件或地理区域内的案件进行审理。这样可以确保法院能够公正、公平地处理案件，维护法律和秩序。" + "司法管辖权是指法院审理和判决案件及诉讼事件的权威。具体来说，法院可以根据其管辖范围，对某些类型的案件或地理区域内的案件进行审理。这样可以确保法院能够公正、公平地处理案件，维护法律和秩序。" ], [ "上诉管辖权是指什么？它有什么作用？", @@ -130682,7 +130682,7 @@ "history": [ [ "拉金1922～1985年Larkin, Philip (Arthur)英国诗人。曾就读于牛津大学，1955年成为约克郡赫尔大学图书馆馆长，任职到去世。他先写了两本小说，第三本是诗集《较少受骗的人》（1955），使他成名。该诗集表达了他反对当时英国诗歌中占主流地位的浪漫主义的过度热情。后来的诗集有《圣灵降临节的婚礼》（1964）、《高窗》（1974）和《黎明俪歌》（1980）。《爵士乐大全》（1970）收集了他为《每日电讯报》（1961～1971）写的爵士乐评论文章。\n\n你好，请问Philip Larkin是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human！Philip Larkin出生于1922年。需要了解关于他更多的信息吗？" + "Philip Larkin出生于1922年。需要了解关于他更多的信息吗？" ], [ "是的，请告诉我他的主要成就和作品。", @@ -130726,7 +130726,7 @@ "history": [ [ "李比希1803～1873年Liebig, Justus von受封为李比希男爵（Freiherr (Baron) von Liebig）德国化学家。他对有机化学的早期系统分类、生物化学、化学教育和农业化学都作过许多重要的贡献。他是最早证明自由基存在的人，并对酸的性质分类做了许多工作。李比希还发明了一些简单的分析方法（参阅analysis），大大地帮助了他的工作，分析了许多组织和体液，证明了植物利用二氧化碳、水和氨。在以后的几年里，由于名气大，被看作是化学界的最高权威，他还常常被卷入科学争论中。\n\n你好，请问李比希是谁？", - "你好，Human。李比希（Justus von Liebig）是一位德国化学家，活跃于1803至1873年。他被封为李比希男爵（Freiherr (Baron) von Liebig），在有机化学的早期系统分类、生物化学、化学教育和农业化学等领域做出了许多重要的贡献。这些成就使他在当时具有很高的威望和声誉。" + "李比希（Justus von Liebig）是一位德国化学家，活跃于1803至1873年。他被封为李比希男爵（Freiherr (Baron) von Liebig），在有机化学的早期系统分类、生物化学、化学教育和农业化学等领域做出了许多重要的贡献。这些成就使他在当时具有很高的威望和声誉。" ], [ "他在有机化学方面有哪些重要贡献？", @@ -131165,7 +131165,7 @@ "history": [ [ "足利家族Ashikaga family日本武将家族，1338年建立足利时代（Ashikaga shogunate）。创建者足利尊氏（Ashikaga Takauji, 1305～1358）原本支持后醍醐（Go-Daigo）天皇从北条家族（Hojo family）手中夺回国家的控制权的企图，但后来两人反目，并从皇族支系另立天皇，他被授予幕府的称号。尊氏的孙子义满（Yoshimitsu, 1358～1408），第三代足利幕府，结束了因其祖父的行动造成的朝廷分治的局面。他完成了内政改组的工作，努力恢复同中国的贸易关系，兴修许多宏伟的寺庙和宫殿，其中最着名的是在京都（Kyoto）的金阁寺（Golden Pavilion）。足利义政（Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 1436～1490）是第八代足利幕府，也是一位艺术爱好者，他奖励文学艺术的发展，曾在京都建造着名的银阁寺（Silver Pavilion, Ginkaku-ji），专门研究茶道。政治上，在他担任幕府时期已逐渐丧失国家的控制权，使得日本爆发了持续近百年的内战（参阅Onin War）。\n\n请问足利家族是如何建立足利时代的？", - "你好，Human。足利家族是日本的一支武将家族，建立足利时代（Ashikaga shogunate）的过程始于1338年。创立者足利尊氏（Ashikaga Takauji，1305-1358）原先支持后醍醐天皇的企图，试图从北条家族手中夺回国家的控制权。然而，随着时间的推移，足利尊氏与后醍醐天皇关系破裂。足利尊氏便从皇族支系另立天皇，并获得了幕府的称号。这一系列事件最终导致了足利时代的建立。" + "足利家族是日本的一支武将家族，建立足利时代（Ashikaga shogunate）的过程始于1338年。创立者足利尊氏（Ashikaga Takauji，1305-1358）原先支持后醍醐天皇的企图，试图从北条家族手中夺回国家的控制权。然而，随着时间的推移，足利尊氏与后醍醐天皇关系破裂。足利尊氏便从皇族支系另立天皇，并获得了幕府的称号。这一系列事件最终导致了足利时代的建立。" ], [ "足利义满在他担任幕府时期做了哪些重要事迹？", @@ -131338,7 +131338,7 @@ "history": [ [ "麝香兰grape-hyacinth百合科麝香兰属多年生小球根植物，约50种。原产于地中海地区。多数品种的花密集簇生于无叶花葶顶端，呈花坛状，颜色有蓝色、白色或粉红色。部分种有麝香味。春天开花，常被栽培为花园观赏植物。\n\n请问麝香兰属于哪个科的植物？", - "你好，Human！麝香兰属于百合科的植物。它们是多年生小球根植物，原产于地中海地区，具有约50种不同的品种。作为百合科的一员，它们在花园中常被栽培为观赏植物。" + "麝香兰属于百合科的植物。它们是多年生小球根植物，原产于地中海地区，具有约50种不同的品种。作为百合科的一员，它们在花园中常被栽培为观赏植物。" ], [ "麝香兰的花有哪些特点呢？", @@ -131426,7 +131426,7 @@ "history": [ [ "弗瓦迪斯瓦夫二世1351?～1434年Wladyslaw II Jagiello立陶宛大公（1377～1401），名亚盖沃。波兰国王（1386～1434），称弗瓦迪斯瓦夫二世。亚盖沃王朝的建立者。为了巩固他在立陶宛的统治，他击败了对手，其中包括他的堂兄维陶塔斯。在同意立陶宛人信奉天主教和与波兰合并后，与波兰女王雅德维加结婚（1386）。1401年订立「维尔纽斯条约」，条件是波兰和立陶宛实行共同的外交政策。并恢复与条顿骑士团对等的地位；1387年从匈牙利人手中收复了罗塞尼亚，且使摩尔多瓦的王公称臣纳贡。\n\n你好，请问你了解弗瓦迪斯瓦夫二世这个历史人物吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解弗瓦迪斯瓦夫二世（Wladyslaw II Jagiello，1351? - 1434年）。他是立陶宛大公（1377 - 1401年）以及波兰国王（1386 - 1434年），称为弗瓦迪斯瓦夫二世，并且是亚盖沃王朝的建立者。他通过击败对手，如他的堂兄维陶塔斯，巩固了他在立陶宛的统治，同意立陶宛人信奉天主教和与波兰合并后，与波兰女王雅德维加结婚。如果你有关于他的更多问题，请随时提问。" + "我了解弗瓦迪斯瓦夫二世（Wladyslaw II Jagiello，1351? - 1434年）。他是立陶宛大公（1377 - 1401年）以及波兰国王（1386 - 1434年），称为弗瓦迪斯瓦夫二世，并且是亚盖沃王朝的建立者。他通过击败对手，如他的堂兄维陶塔斯，巩固了他在立陶宛的统治，同意立陶宛人信奉天主教和与波兰合并后，与波兰女王雅德维加结婚。如果你有关于他的更多问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "弗瓦迪斯瓦夫二世与波兰女王结婚后，两国是如何维持关系的？", @@ -131567,7 +131567,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴兰钦1904～1983年Balanchine, George原名Georgy (Melitonovich) Balanchivadze俄裔美籍舞蹈编导，也是纽约市芭蕾舞团的创办者和艺术总监（1948～1982）。原在皇家芭蕾舞学校学习，1925年离开苏联加入俄罗斯芭蕾舞团。1928年创作的《阿波罗》，具有独特的新古典主义风格，此后成为他的注册商标。他的突出表现引起美国人柯尔斯坦的极大兴趣，他邀请巴兰钦筹建美国芭蕾舞学校和美国芭蕾舞团。美国芭蕾舞团是纽约市大都会歌剧院的常驻芭蕾舞团体（1935～1938），但于1941年解散。1946年他与柯尔斯坦成立芭蕾舞协会，1948年发展成为纽约市芭蕾舞团。巴兰钦为该团创作了一百五十多个舞码，其中有全本的《胡桃钳》（1954）、《唐吉诃德》（1965）、《宝石》（1967），还编导过音乐剧和歌剧。巴兰钦与作曲家史特拉汶斯基合作无间，其舞蹈作品中有三十多部是用史特拉汶斯基的音乐。全世界几乎所有的主要芭蕾舞团都至少演出过巴兰钦的一个芭蕾舞曲目，他堪称是20世纪最伟大的舞蹈编导。\n\n你好，请问巴兰钦是谁？", - "你好，Human。巴兰钦，全名George Balanchine，原名Georgy (Melitonovich) Balanchivadze，是一位俄裔美籍舞蹈编导。他早期在皇家芭蕾舞学校学习，后来加入了俄罗斯芭蕾舞团。巴兰钦是纽约市芭蕾舞团的创办者和艺术总监（1948～1982）。他对芭蕾舞的发展产生了重要影响，被认为是20世纪最伟大的舞蹈编导之一。他的作品风格独特，以新古典主义为主。" + "巴兰钦，全名George Balanchine，原名Georgy (Melitonovich) Balanchivadze，是一位俄裔美籍舞蹈编导。他早期在皇家芭蕾舞学校学习，后来加入了俄罗斯芭蕾舞团。巴兰钦是纽约市芭蕾舞团的创办者和艺术总监（1948～1982）。他对芭蕾舞的发展产生了重要影响，被认为是20世纪最伟大的舞蹈编导之一。他的作品风格独特，以新古典主义为主。" ], [ "巴兰钦与史特拉汶斯基有什么合作？", @@ -132079,7 +132079,7 @@ "history": [ [ "格德罗西亚Gedrosia南亚历史地区。位于印度河之西，即今巴基斯坦的俾路支地区。西元前325年亚历山大大帝的军队从印度返国途中，曾在这里受到惨重损失。他们虽然占领此区，但在亚历山大死后，其部将塞琉古一世不得不与孔雀王朝议和，他用格德罗西亚和兴都库什山脉以东的所有领土交换五百头大象。他的离开结束了希腊对印度次大陆事务的干涉。\n\n刚刚我了解了一下格德罗西亚这个地区的历史，关于亚历山大大帝当时为什么选择穿越如此艰险的地方返回希腊呢？", - "你好Human，亚历山大大帝选择穿越格德罗西亚返回的原因没有明确的记录，但我们可以从几个方面来推测。首先，亚历山大大帝可能想探索未知的领土并将其征服，从而进一步扩大他的帝国版图。其次，那时的战争技术和情报收集能力有限，或许他没有了解到这是一条困难重重的路线。最后，亚历山大可能觉得这是一次挑战自己和军队的机会，能证明他作为征服者的威名。但无论原因如何，实际结果是，亚历山大大帝的军队在格德罗西亚遭受了巨大的损失。" + "亚历山大大帝选择穿越格德罗西亚返回的原因没有明确的记录，但我们可以从几个方面来推测。首先，亚历山大大帝可能想探索未知的领土并将其征服，从而进一步扩大他的帝国版图。其次，那时的战争技术和情报收集能力有限，或许他没有了解到这是一条困难重重的路线。最后，亚历山大可能觉得这是一次挑战自己和军队的机会，能证明他作为征服者的威名。但无论原因如何，实际结果是，亚历山大大帝的军队在格德罗西亚遭受了巨大的损失。" ], [ "那么在格德罗西亚地区，亚历山大的军队究竟遭遇了怎样的困境？", @@ -132536,7 +132536,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沃特斯1915～1983年Waters, Muddy原名McKinley Morganfield美国蓝调吉他手和歌手，现代「节奏蓝调」风格的主要创始人。童年自学口琴。后来学习吉它，1941年开始录音。1943年迁居芝加哥。由于采用了电吉他琴和加用钢琴与鼓群来演奏强烈的舞蹈节奏，他与乡村蓝调风格分道扬镳。他保留了时而悲哀、时而自负、时而又赤裸地耽于色情中的悲叹与喊叫的歌唱风格和歌词。结果，这种具有独特的芝加哥形式的音乐被认为是都市蓝调。后来的摇滚乐和灵魂乐形式很大部分是从这种由沃特斯首创的音乐中衍生出来的。1960年代初流行音乐的盛行使得沃特斯声名远播，1970年代开始国际性的表演。\n\n请问你知道沃特斯（Muddy Waters）是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！当然知道。沃特斯（Muddy Waters），原名McKinley Morganfield，1915-1983年，是一位美国蓝调吉他手和歌手。他被誉为现代「节奏蓝调」风格的主要创始人。沃特斯在童年自学了口琴，后来又学习了吉他。他在1941年开始录音，1943年迁居芝加哥，那里的音乐风格对他产生了深远的影响。他发展出一种独特的芝加哥形式的音乐，被称为都市蓝调。这种音乐对后来的摇滚乐和灵魂乐风格产生了很大的影响。" + "当然知道。沃特斯（Muddy Waters），原名McKinley Morganfield，1915-1983年，是一位美国蓝调吉他手和歌手。他被誉为现代「节奏蓝调」风格的主要创始人。沃特斯在童年自学了口琴，后来又学习了吉他。他在1941年开始录音，1943年迁居芝加哥，那里的音乐风格对他产生了深远的影响。他发展出一种独特的芝加哥形式的音乐，被称为都市蓝调。这种音乐对后来的摇滚乐和灵魂乐风格产生了很大的影响。" ], [ "请问沃特斯的音乐风格有什么特点？", @@ -132843,7 +132843,7 @@ "history": [ [ "本-古里安1886～1973年Ben-Gurion, David原名David Gruen以色列首任总理。生于波兰，父亲是「爱犹太人」运动领导人。1906年移民至奥图曼帝国统治的巴勒斯坦，为重建犹太人之国而奋斗。第一次世界大战爆发，被鄂图曼政府逐出巴勒斯坦之后，他前往纽约并在这里结婚。在《巴尔福宣言》发表后，本-古里安加入英军的犹太军团回中东。在1920年代和1930年代，他领导了几个政治组织，包括世界犹太复国主义最高指导机构--犹太局（Jewish Agency）。后来英国改变亲犹太的立场，限制犹太人向巴勒斯坦移民，本-古里安于是号召犹太人反英。以色列国成立后，本-古里安当选第一任总理兼国防部长。他成功的解散了抗击英军的地下部队，把他们改组为国防军，以抵御阿拉伯的攻击。虽不受英、美的欢迎，但他在阿尔及利亚战争和苏伊士危机时得到法国的支持。本-古里安于1963年辞职。亦请参阅Arab-Israeli Wars。\n\n你好，关于David Ben-Gurion，请告诉我他的成就以及影响？", - "你好，Human！关于David Ben-Gurion（戴维·本－古里安），他是以色列的首任总理，生于波兰，曾在巴勒斯坦为重建犹太人之国而奋斗。他担任过犹太局（Jewish Agency）的领导，也曾号召犹太人反英。在以色列国成立后，本-古里安当选为第一任总理兼国防部长。他成功地解散了抗击英军的地下部队，将其改组为国防军，以抵御阿拉伯的攻击。同时，他在阿尔及利亚战争和苏伊士危机时得到法国的支持。他的领导为以色列国家的成立和早期政治发展做出了巨大贡献。" + "关于David Ben-Gurion（戴维·本－古里安），他是以色列的首任总理，生于波兰，曾在巴勒斯坦为重建犹太人之国而奋斗。他担任过犹太局（Jewish Agency）的领导，也曾号召犹太人反英。在以色列国成立后，本-古里安当选为第一任总理兼国防部长。他成功地解散了抗击英军的地下部队，将其改组为国防军，以抵御阿拉伯的攻击。同时，他在阿尔及利亚战争和苏伊士危机时得到法国的支持。他的领导为以色列国家的成立和早期政治发展做出了巨大贡献。" ], [ "可以给我介绍一下巴尔福宣言吗？ 为什么会使得David Ben-Gurion决定加入英军的犹太军团？", @@ -133022,7 +133022,7 @@ "history": [ [ "休恩河Huon River澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州南部河流。发源于韦奇（Wedge）、鲍恩和安妮等山地，向南流，然后向东在休恩峡谷与威尔德（Weld）、皮克顿（Picton）两支流汇合。经过休恩维尔后部分可通航，最后进入宽阔的河口，注入丹特尔卡斯托（D'Entrecasteaux）海峡。全长170公里。下游河谷广泛开垦耕作，有岛上主要的苹果产区，也是着名的旅游区。\n\n我最近在了解澳大利亚的河流，特别是塔斯马尼亚州的休恩河。你能给我介绍一下休恩河的一些基本信息吗？", - "你好，Human！我很乐意帮助你了解休恩河。休恩河是澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州南部的一条河流，全长约170公里。它发源于韦奇、鲍恩和安妮等山地，然后向南流，之后在休恩峡谷向东，并与威尔德、皮克顿两支流汇合。最终，休恩河流经休恩维尔并在部分可通航的地区进入宽阔的河口，最后注入丹特尔卡斯托海峡。" + "我很乐意帮助你了解休恩河。休恩河是澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州南部的一条河流，全长约170公里。它发源于韦奇、鲍恩和安妮等山地，然后向南流，之后在休恩峡谷向东，并与威尔德、皮克顿两支流汇合。最终，休恩河流经休恩维尔并在部分可通航的地区进入宽阔的河口，最后注入丹特尔卡斯托海峡。" ], [ "说到休恩河下游地区，我听说那里是一个重要的苹果产区。你能介绍一下那里的农业情况吗？", @@ -133388,7 +133388,7 @@ "history": [ [ "失明的克劳狄Claudius Caecus, Appius活动时期西元前4世纪末～西元前3世纪初罗马初期杰出的政治家和司法改革家。西元前313年任监察官，扩大自由民和无土地人民之儿孙的权力。他兴修的阿庇亚水道是罗马第一个引水渠，并开辟阿庇亚大道。西元前307年担任执政官，西元前296年再度任监察官，西元前295年任行政长官。藉着出版《诉讼方法大全》和开庭日表，使人们更容易了解立法制度。晚年时，发表演说说服元老院把皮洛士赶出义大利南部。\n\n请问失明的克劳狄Claudius Caecus, Appius是什么时期的罗马政治家和司法改革家？", - "你好，Human！失明的克劳狄Claudius Caecus, Appius活动时期是西元前4世纪末到西元前3世纪初，他是罗马初期杰出的政治家和司法改革家。" + "失明的克劳狄Claudius Caecus, Appius活动时期是西元前4世纪末到西元前3世纪初，他是罗马初期杰出的政治家和司法改革家。" ], [ "能否简述一下Appius在官职方面的重要经历？", @@ -133750,7 +133750,7 @@ "history": [ [ "雅可波Jacopo della Quercia原名Jacopo di Piero di Angelo约1374～1438义大利雕塑家，活跃于席耶纳（Siena）。父亲为金匠和木刻家。最早的主要作品是卢卡大教堂（Lucca Cathedral）内的伊拉莉亚卡列多（Ilaria del Carretto）之墓（约1406～1408）。他受席耶纳委托所做最重要的作品是田野广场（Piazza del Campo）的快乐喷泉（Fonte Gaia，1408～1419）。与多那太罗、吉贝尔蒂一起，为席耶纳洗礼堂（Baptistery）的圣水盆（baptismal font）制作浮雕（1417～1430）。最后也是最伟大的作品，是波隆那圣白托略教堂（San Petronio）正门周围的雕刻（1425～1430）。1435年被任命为席耶纳大教堂（Siena Cathedral）的主建筑师。他提升了席耶纳的雕刻水准，也影响了后来的席耶纳画家。他是十五世纪最伟大的非属佛罗伦斯派雕塑家，对年轻的米开朗基罗（Michelangelo）影响很大。\n\n你好，请问雅可波·德拉·奎尔齐亚是在哪个时期的雕塑家？", - "你好，Human！雅可波·德拉·奎尔齐亚（Jacopo della Quercia）是一位生活在14世纪末至15世纪初的意大利雕塑家，生活年代约为1374～1438。他主要在席耶纳（Siena）地区活跃，为当地带来了很多优秀的雕塑作品。因此，他属于文艺复兴早期的雕塑家。希望这个解答能够满足你的好奇心。" + "雅可波·德拉·奎尔齐亚（Jacopo della Quercia）是一位生活在14世纪末至15世纪初的意大利雕塑家，生活年代约为1374～1438。他主要在席耶纳（Siena）地区活跃，为当地带来了很多优秀的雕塑作品。因此，他属于文艺复兴早期的雕塑家。希望这个解答能够满足你的好奇心。" ], [ "谢谢你解答我的问题，请问他的父亲是做什么职业的呢？雅可波是如何接触到雕塑的？", @@ -133773,7 +133773,7 @@ "history": [ [ "和平河Peace River加拿大西部河流。由不列颠哥伦比亚省的加拿大落矶山脉的芬利河与帕尔斯尼普河汇流而成，向东流经亚伯达省边界，在阿萨巴斯卡湖北部出口附近注入奴河。全长1,923公里。1792～1793年由麦肯齐勘察发现，后来成为交易毛皮的主要路线。现在是重要的水力发电资源。\n\n我想知道和平河的来源是什么？", - "你好，Human。和平河（Peace River）位于加拿大西部，它的主要来源是位于不列颠哥伦比亚省的加拿大落矶山脉的芬利河与帕尔斯尼普河汇流而成。因此，可以说和平河由芬利河和帕尔斯尼普河汇流而成。希望这个回答能解答你的疑问。" + "和平河（Peace River）位于加拿大西部，它的主要来源是位于不列颠哥伦比亚省的加拿大落矶山脉的芬利河与帕尔斯尼普河汇流而成。因此，可以说和平河由芬利河和帕尔斯尼普河汇流而成。希望这个回答能解答你的疑问。" ], [ "谢谢解答，那么和平河在哪个省份流经呢？", @@ -133929,7 +133929,7 @@ "history": [ [ "罗特韦尔狗Rottweiler德国罗特韦尔地方古罗马兵团留下的牧牛狗的后代。从中世纪到约1900年间罗特韦尔狗在办货的旅程中伴屠夫前往市场，携带着放置金钱的颈袋。也用于守卫、驱赶牲畜、拖曳或充警犬。体粗壮，肌肉发达，体高约56～69公分，体重41～50公斤。被毛短，黑色，头、胸、腿有棕褐色斑纹。\n\n请问罗特韦尔狗是什么品种的狗，它们的起源可以追溯到什么时候？", - "你好，Human。罗特韦尔狗是一种大型工作犬，起源于德国的罗特韦尔地区。它们的祖先可以追溯到古罗马兵团留下的牧牛狗。由于其勇猛和忠诚的特点，罗特韦尔狗在中世纪至约1900年间被广泛用于保护、驱赶牲畜和屠夫办货的旅程中。" + "罗特韦尔狗是一种大型工作犬，起源于德国的罗特韦尔地区。它们的祖先可以追溯到古罗马兵团留下的牧牛狗。由于其勇猛和忠诚的特点，罗特韦尔狗在中世纪至约1900年间被广泛用于保护、驱赶牲畜和屠夫办货的旅程中。" ], [ "罗特韦尔狗的体型和毛色有什么特点？", @@ -134303,7 +134303,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沙福克Suffolk英格兰东部行政和历史郡。滨临北海，北部有史前的燧石矿产。在盎格鲁-撒克逊时代是东英吉利亚王国的一部分，萨顿胡船棺椁就是从当时起源的。中世纪因羊毛业的兴起而十分繁荣。从那时起，农业成为其主要经济活动，农作物包括谷类、甜菜和蔬菜。纽马基特因其赛马训练站而着名，沿海地区有几处度假胜地。首府易普威治。人口约671,000（1998）。\n\n你好，请问沙福克郡的地理位置怎么样？", - "你好，Human！沙福克郡位于英格兰东部，靠近北海。这个地理位置使得沙福克郡拥有丰富的燧石矿产和一定的海滨度假资源。希望这对你了解沙福克郡的地理位置有所帮助。" + "沙福克郡位于英格兰东部，靠近北海。这个地理位置使得沙福克郡拥有丰富的燧石矿产和一定的海滨度假资源。希望这对你了解沙福克郡的地理位置有所帮助。" ], [ "沙福克郡在盎格鲁-撒克逊时代的历史地位如何？", @@ -134509,7 +134509,7 @@ "history": [ [ "成都Chengdu亦拼作Ch'eng-tu中国的城市，四川省省会，人口数约为1,713,000人（1990）。成都位于富饶的成都平原；该平原由岷江供应用水，并拥有中国最古老也最成功的灌溉工程。此一工程创建于西元前3世纪末年，至今仍然存在，它支持该地区供养堪称世界上最稠密的农业人口。成都曾为不同王朝的首都，在西元10世纪时，其繁荣达于极盛；该地的商人甚至开始使用纸币。到宋朝时，纸币遂广泛推行于全中国。中古时期，成都也以其蜀锦、蜀缎而闻名。成都自西元1368年起，成为四川省省会，至今仍为主要的行政中心。如今，它是交通、工业的辐辏之地以及教育中心。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我成都这座城市的一些基本情况吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。成都是中国四川省的省会，拥有约1,713,000人口（1990年）。它位于富饶的成都平原，由岷江供应水源，并且拥有中国最古老、最成功的灌溉工程。这个工程始建于公元前3世纪末年，至今仍在使用，有效地支撑了这里世界上最密集的农业人口。" + "当然可以。成都是中国四川省的省会，拥有约1,713,000人口（1990年）。它位于富饶的成都平原，由岷江供应水源，并且拥有中国最古老、最成功的灌溉工程。这个工程始建于公元前3世纪末年，至今仍在使用，有效地支撑了这里世界上最密集的农业人口。" ], [ "你能介绍一下成都的历史地位，以及在宋朝时期纸币的广泛推行吗？", @@ -134987,7 +134987,7 @@ "history": [ [ "狐鲣bonito鲈形目鲭科狐鲣属的集群鱼类。游动敏捷，掠食性，遍布全世界。体背侧具纵带，腹侧银白，体长约75公分，似金枪鱼。流线形，尾基很窄，尾鳍叉状，背鳍与臀鳍后方各有一行小鳍。狐鲣具有商业性及运动性价值。有三种一般的种可以在大西洋、地中海、印度洋-太平洋和太平洋中发现。\n\n你好，我想了解一下狐鲣是什么样的鱼？", - "你好，Human。狐鲣是一种属于鲈形目鲭科狐鲣属的集群鱼类。它们游动敏捷，具有掠食性，分布在全球各地。狐鲣的体形流线，背侧通常呈现纵带状，而腹侧颜色为银白。它们的体长大约75公分，形状类似金枪鱼。尾基非常窄，尾鳍呈叉状，背鳍与臀鳍后方各有一排小鳍。狐鲣具有商业性和运动性价值。全球有三种一般的狐鲣种类，它们可以在大西洋、地中海、印度洋-太平洋和太平洋中发现。" + "狐鲣是一种属于鲈形目鲭科狐鲣属的集群鱼类。它们游动敏捷，具有掠食性，分布在全球各地。狐鲣的体形流线，背侧通常呈现纵带状，而腹侧颜色为银白。它们的体长大约75公分，形状类似金枪鱼。尾基非常窄，尾鳍呈叉状，背鳍与臀鳍后方各有一排小鳍。狐鲣具有商业性和运动性价值。全球有三种一般的狐鲣种类，它们可以在大西洋、地中海、印度洋-太平洋和太平洋中发现。" ], [ "狐鲣的生活习性是怎样的？", @@ -135006,7 +135006,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尼努尔塔Ninurta美索不达米亚宗教中吉尔苏城的护城神。他是恩利尔和宁利尔的儿子，司掌春季雷雨、洪水和耕作。原名为Imdugud（「雨云」）。最早的形象是象征雷雨云的巨大黑鸟，狮头，张翼盘旋，振喉作雷鸣。后来改为人形，而把他原来的形象给了他古代的敌人。他的节日标志着播种季节的开始。\n\n我想了解一下美索不达米亚宗教中尼努尔塔（Ninurta）的相关信息，他在这个宗教体系中扮演什么角色？", - "你好，Human！尼努尔塔（Ninurta）是美索不达米亚宗教中吉尔苏城的护城神。作为恩利尔和宁利尔的儿子，他的主要职责是司掌春季的雷雨、洪水和耕作。他原名Imdugud，意为“雨云”。尼努尔塔的角色与春季时节的重要气象现象和农业活动密切相关。" + "尼努尔塔（Ninurta）是美索不达米亚宗教中吉尔苏城的护城神。作为恩利尔和宁利尔的儿子，他的主要职责是司掌春季的雷雨、洪水和耕作。他原名Imdugud，意为“雨云”。尼努尔塔的角色与春季时节的重要气象现象和农业活动密切相关。" ], [ "尼努尔塔最早的形象是什么样子的？", @@ -135067,7 +135067,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿弗莱克1745～1795年Affleck, Thomas美国家具工匠。出生于苏格兰，在英格兰学艺。1763年移居费城，为州长佩恩（John Penn）及当地士绅制造齐本德耳式（Chippendale style）家具，风格独特。他的家具以马博罗式（Marlborough-style）的腿为特点，直且带有槽饰，脚下安有垫块，并施以精细的雕刻。\n\n你好，请问阿弗莱克是哪个国家的家具工匠？", - "你好，Human! 根据你提供的信息，阿弗莱克（Thomas Affleck）是一位美国家具工匠。他出生于苏格兰，并在英格兰学习家具制作技艺。后来，他于1763年移居费城，在美国开展家具制作事业。" + "根据你提供的信息，阿弗莱克（Thomas Affleck）是一位美国家具工匠。他出生于苏格兰，并在英格兰学习家具制作技艺。后来，他于1763年移居费城，在美国开展家具制作事业。" ], [ "他的作品有什么独特之处？", @@ -135742,7 +135742,7 @@ "history": [ [ "华纳1898～1970年Warner, W(illiam) Lloyd美国社会学家和人类学家。师承克罗伯和芮德克利夫－布朗，后任教于芝加哥大学、密西根大学。他对美国社会阶级体系的研究，有广泛的影响。1930年代末，他出版了麻萨诸塞州纽伯里波特的研究共五册，其他着作有：《黑色文明》（1937）、《现代社区的社会生活》（1941）和《生者与死者》（1959）。\n\n你好，请问你能介绍一下华纳这个人吗？", - "你好，Human！华纳全名是William Lloyd Warner，他是一位美国的社会学家和人类学家。他在1898年出生，1970年去世。华纳曾师从著名学者克罗伯（A.R. Radcliffe-Brown）和芮德克利夫-布朗（Robert E. Park），并在芝加哥大学和密西根大学任教。他对美国社会阶级体系的研究对后世产生了广泛的影响。具有代表性的著作有关于麻萨诸塞州纽伯里波特的研究系列共五册，以及《黑色文明》（1937）、《现代社区的社会生活》（1941）和《生者与死者》（1959）等。" + "华纳全名是William Lloyd Warner，他是一位美国的社会学家和人类学家。他在1898年出生，1970年去世。华纳曾师从著名学者克罗伯（A.R. Radcliffe-Brown）和芮德克利夫-布朗（Robert E. Park），并在芝加哥大学和密西根大学任教。他对美国社会阶级体系的研究对后世产生了广泛的影响。具有代表性的著作有关于麻萨诸塞州纽伯里波特的研究系列共五册，以及《黑色文明》（1937）、《现代社区的社会生活》（1941）和《生者与死者》（1959）等。" ], [ "华纳的研究影响有哪些？", @@ -136150,7 +136150,7 @@ "history": [ [ "吉特巴舞jitterbug两步的舞蹈变体，对对舞者以摇摆、彼此忽即忽离和旋转等标准舞步随着4/4拍子，有切分节奏的音乐起舞。原本包括了杂技式的托举和摇摆动作，后修改成较保守的交际舞。原创于1930年代的美国，1940年代成为国际流行舞蹈。其步法变化大，并包括其他舞步如林蒂单足跳和摇摆舞。\n\n请问吉特巴舞jitterbug是怎么起源的？", - "你好，Human！吉特巴舞jitterbug起源于1930年代的美国。它是一种充满活力且富有表现力的舞蹈。在当时的舞厅里，年轻人跟随着有切分节奏的4/4拍子的音乐尽情舞动。这种舞蹈风格很快传播开来，到了1940年代，成为了国际流行的舞蹈。" + "吉特巴舞jitterbug起源于1930年代的美国。它是一种充满活力且富有表现力的舞蹈。在当时的舞厅里，年轻人跟随着有切分节奏的4/4拍子的音乐尽情舞动。这种舞蹈风格很快传播开来，到了1940年代，成为了国际流行的舞蹈。" ], [ "吉特巴舞当中包括哪些基本舞步？", @@ -136295,7 +136295,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乌尔都语Urdu language印度－雅利安语，通行于巴基斯坦和印度穆斯林，现为巴基斯坦官方语言。作为口语，乌尔都语源于印度斯坦语，印度斯坦语则在1947年印巴分治前是印度北部的通用语。虽然乌尔都语与印地语具有共同的口语基础，但乌尔都语采用波斯语或阿拉伯语结构。书写用波斯式阿拉伯字母。\n\n请问乌尔都语是什么语言，主要在哪些国家使用？", - "你好，Human！乌尔都语，即Urdu language，是一种印度－雅利安语系的语言，主要通行于巴基斯坦和印度的穆斯林地区。现在，乌尔都语已成为巴基斯坦的官方语言。在印巴两国的穆斯林人口中，乌尔都语是非常重要的交流语言。" + "乌尔都语，即Urdu language，是一种印度－雅利安语系的语言，主要通行于巴基斯坦和印度的穆斯林地区。现在，乌尔都语已成为巴基斯坦的官方语言。在印巴两国的穆斯林人口中，乌尔都语是非常重要的交流语言。" ], [ "乌尔都语与印度斯坦语有什么关联？", @@ -136405,7 +136405,7 @@ "history": [ [ "塞拉耶佛Sarajevo波士尼亚赫塞哥维纳首都。15世纪晚期突厥人入侵后，便发展成贸易中心和穆斯林文化的堡垒。从1878年开始成为奥匈帝国的一部分（参阅Austria-Hungary）。1914年法兰西斯斐迪南大公遭塞尔维亚国家主义分子暗杀，而引发第一次世界大战。1992年波士尼亚赫塞哥维纳宣布独立后，这里成为激烈的内战战场，塞尔维亚民兵从乡下运来数以千计的波士尼亚穆斯林到城市避难（参阅Bosnian conflict）。内战前该市的工业有酿酒、家具工厂、烟草工厂和一座汽车厂。1984年冬季奥运会在此举行，这里还是公路运输网和连接亚得里亚海的铁路的中心，塞拉耶佛有很强烈的穆斯林文化特色，有许多清真寺和一处古集市。人口约360,000（1997）。\n\n嗨。请问一下，塞拉耶佛Sarajevo是哪个国家的首都？", - "你好，Human。塞拉耶佛（Sarajevo）是波士尼亚赫塞哥维纳（Bosnia and Herzegovina）的首都。这是一个历史悠久的城市，具有丰富多彩的文化背景，希望这个答案能解决你的疑问。" + "塞拉耶佛（Sarajevo）是波士尼亚赫塞哥维纳（Bosnia and Herzegovina）的首都。这是一个历史悠久的城市，具有丰富多彩的文化背景，希望这个答案能解决你的疑问。" ], [ "谢谢，那么塞拉耶佛在历史上有哪些重要的时期？", @@ -136531,7 +136531,7 @@ "history": [ [ "休伦湖Huron, Lake美国和加拿大湖泊。北美五大湖中的第二大湖，与密西根州和安大略省接界，长约330公里，面积59,570平方公里。湖水来自苏必略湖、密西根湖及许多溪流，自南端出口排出注入伊利湖。湖中有许多岛屿，包括麦基诺岛以及密西根州沿岸锯齿形的萨吉诺湾（Saginaw Bay）。为圣罗伦斯航道的一部分，4～12月都可以支援繁忙的商业运输。该湖是欧洲人看到的五大湖里的第一个。1615～1679年法国人在此考察，以印第安族休伦人之名命名。\n\n请问你了解休伦湖的基本情况吗？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，休伦湖是美国和加拿大的一个湖泊，位于密西根州和安大略省的交界处。它是北美五大湖中的第二大湖，长约330公里，面积59,570平方公里。湖中有许多岛屿，如麦基诺岛。湖水主要来自苏必略湖、密西根湖以及许多溪流，将湖水从南端排入伊利湖。休伦湖是圣罗伦斯航道的一部分，4月至12月支援繁忙的商业运输。1615年至1679年间，法国人在此考察并以印第安族休伦人之名命名此湖。" + "根据你提供的信息，休伦湖是美国和加拿大的一个湖泊，位于密西根州和安大略省的交界处。它是北美五大湖中的第二大湖，长约330公里，面积59,570平方公里。湖中有许多岛屿，如麦基诺岛。湖水主要来自苏必略湖、密西根湖以及许多溪流，将湖水从南端排入伊利湖。休伦湖是圣罗伦斯航道的一部分，4月至12月支援繁忙的商业运输。1615年至1679年间，法国人在此考察并以印第安族休伦人之名命名此湖。" ], [ "休伦湖与圣罗伦斯航道有什么关系？", @@ -136634,7 +136634,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奥德姆1884～1954年Odum, Howard W(ashington)美国社会学家。他专攻美国南部黑人民俗社会学，主张给黑人以同等机会。曾就读于克拉克大学和哥伦比亚大学，1920年到北卡罗来纳大学任教，创办社会系、公共福利系和《社会力量》杂志（1922）。主要着作有︰《美国南部地区》（1936）、《美国地区主义》（1938，与摩尔合编）和《了解社会》（1947）。\n\n你好，请问奥德姆是哪个国家的社会学家？", - "你好，Human！奥德姆（Howard Washington Odum）是美国的一位社会学家。他活跃于1884-1954年，专攻美国南部黑人民俗社会学。因此，他是美国的社会学家。" + "奥德姆（Howard Washington Odum）是美国的一位社会学家。他活跃于1884-1954年，专攻美国南部黑人民俗社会学。因此，他是美国的社会学家。" ], [ "奥德姆曾经待过的学校以及从事的工作能详细介绍一下吗？", @@ -136820,7 +136820,7 @@ "history": [ [ "仿金镀料ormolu具有黄金色泽的铜、锌合金（有时加锡），比例不等，但通常至少含50%的铜。用于家具的边饰和其他装饰。其镀金是将金粉与水银混合在一起调成糊状，然后用火加热至一定温度，将水银蒸发，把留在表面的金粉层擦亮，以获得最佳的光泽效果。17世纪中期法国最早制成仿金镀料始终保持其主要生产中心的地位。\n\n请问什么是仿金镀料ormolu？", - "你好，Human。仿金镀料ormolu是一种具有黄金色泽的铜、锌合金，有时会加入锡。它的成分比例不固定，但通常至少含有50%的铜。这种合金主要用于家具边饰和其他装饰。17世纪中期，法国是最早生产仿金镀料的地方，也一直保持着主要生产中心的地位。" + "仿金镀料ormolu是一种具有黄金色泽的铜、锌合金，有时会加入锡。它的成分比例不固定，但通常至少含有50%的铜。这种合金主要用于家具边饰和其他装饰。17世纪中期，法国是最早生产仿金镀料的地方，也一直保持着主要生产中心的地位。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。那么，ormolu是如何对铜、锌合金进行镀金的呢？", @@ -136919,7 +136919,7 @@ "history": [ [ "胶体colloid由比原子或普通分子大得多，但远小于肉眼可见的微粒组成的物质。这种粒子的大小大约在10-710-3分，并且以各种方式连接或键合在一起。通常，胶体粒子以分散物形态，存在于某种介质中，如空气中的烟雾粒子；但亦可单独存在，如橡胶。胶体一般分可逆和不可逆两种，取决于它们的组分是否可以分离。染料、洗涤剂、聚合物、蛋白质和许多重要物质都表现出胶体的行为。\n\n根据上面的胶体定义，请问胶体粒子的尺寸范围大概是多少？", - "你好，Human。根据给定的信息，胶体粒子的大小大约在 10^-7 到 10^-3 分，它们比原子或普通分子大得多，但却远小于肉眼所能看见的尺寸。" + "根据给定的信息，胶体粒子的大小大约在 10^-7 到 10^-3 分，它们比原子或普通分子大得多，但却远小于肉眼所能看见的尺寸。" ], [ "胶体中的粒子一般是如何连接或键合在一起的？", @@ -136961,7 +136961,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯卡伯勒Scarborough英格兰北约克郡城市。位于北海海岸，在10世纪为维京人渔村，始建于4世纪罗马人的信号站基础上。12世纪在该地区修建诺曼第式城堡。1626年后，温泉的发展使之成为了旅游胜地。它现仍是英格兰东北部最受欢迎的海滨城市。人口约108,200（1998）。\n\n你好，请问斯卡伯勒Scarborough位于哪个国家的哪个地区？", - "你好，Human。斯卡伯勒（Scarborough）位于英格兰的北约克郡地区。它是一个靠近北海海岸的城市，拥有丰富的历史和旅游资源。" + "斯卡伯勒（Scarborough）位于英格兰的北约克郡地区。它是一个靠近北海海岸的城市，拥有丰富的历史和旅游资源。" ], [ "你能告诉我斯卡伯勒的历史吗？", @@ -137461,7 +137461,7 @@ "history": [ [ "福特万格勒1886～1954年Furtw?ngler, (Gustav Heinrich Ernst Martin) Wilhelm德国指挥家和作曲家。曾向蓝白克（1839～1901）学习作曲。1906年首次登台指挥。他修订《赞美颂》（1910），从而确立了作曲家的地位。1917年在柏林担任客座指挥期间，为他赢得了「福特万格勒奇蹟」称号。继史特劳斯任柏林歌剧院管弦乐团指挥。1922年接替倪基希（1855～1922）而担任莱比锡布商大厦管弦乐团指挥。其他职位包括柏林爱乐管弦乐团指挥和维也纳爱乐等乐团指挥。因纳粹执政时期留在德国受到斥责。纳粹政权中没有他的朋友。留在德国期间，继续演奏现代乐曲，并帮助犹太音乐家逃亡。福特万格勒卷入1944年暗杀希特勒的阴谋。\n\n您好，请问福特万格勒是什么时候出生的？", - "您好，Human！福特万格勒（Wilhelm Furtwängler）出生于1886年。他是德国著名指挥家和作曲家，活跃于20世纪上半叶。" + "福特万格勒（Wilhelm Furtwängler）出生于1886年。他是德国著名指挥家和作曲家，活跃于20世纪上半叶。" ], [ "福特万格勒向谁学习作曲呢？", @@ -137568,7 +137568,7 @@ "history": [ [ "盖亚那Guyana正式名称为盖亚那合作共和国（Co-operative Republic of Guyana）旧称英属圭亚那（British Guiana，1966年以前）南美洲东北部的共和国。面积215,083平方公里。人口约776,000（2001）。首都︰乔治城。盖亚那人口约有一半属东印度人，其次为黑人（盖亚那人）。语言︰英语（官方语）。宗教：基督教、印度教。货币︰盖亚那元。狭窄的大西洋海岸平原向内陆延伸16公里，包括许多由堤坝和排水渠防护的人造陆地。热带森林区始于内陆约64公里处，占全国面积的80%以上。森林区西部的帕卡赖马山脉成为埃塞奎博河的源头。盖亚那的经济为发展中的市场经济，兼有私营和公营成分，出口以糖、水稻及铝土矿为主。政府形式是多党制中央集权共和国，一院制。国家元首暨政府首脑是总统。17世纪初，荷兰移民控制了这一地区，但在拿破仑战争期间英国人占领了荷兰殖民地，后又购买了德梅拉拉、伯比斯和埃塞奎博。1831年这三个殖民地合并成为英属圭亚那。1807年奴隶贸易被废止时，该地已有约10万奴隶，这些奴隶直到1838年才被全部解放。从1840年代起，东印度人和华人作为契约工来到种植园工作。至1917年，几乎已有24万东印度人迁移到英属圭亚那。1928年英属圭亚那成为英国直辖殖民地，1953年该殖民地获准内部自治。各种政党也开始出现，发展成以东印度人为主的人民进步党和以黑人为主的人民全国大会党。由人民全国大会党组成的联合政府于1966年领导该国独立，改国名为盖亚那。1970年盖亚那成为英联邦内的共和国。1980年颁布新宪法，该国与委内瑞拉的边界争端直到20世纪后期仍未解决。\n\n你好，请问你了解盖亚那的基本情况吗？", - "你好，Human。当然了解。盖亚那，全名盖亚那合作共和国，位于南美洲东北部，原名英属圭亚那，总面积为215,083平方公里。该国人口约为776,000（2001年数据），首都为乔治城。盖亚那的主要民族有东印度人和黑人，官方语言为英语。该国的主要宗教有基督教和印度教，货币单位为盖亚那元。该国的政治体制为多党制中央集权共和国，实行一院制，国家元首和政府首脑为总统。" + "当然了解。盖亚那，全名盖亚那合作共和国，位于南美洲东北部，原名英属圭亚那，总面积为215,083平方公里。该国人口约为776,000（2001年数据），首都为乔治城。盖亚那的主要民族有东印度人和黑人，官方语言为英语。该国的主要宗教有基督教和印度教，货币单位为盖亚那元。该国的政治体制为多党制中央集权共和国，实行一院制，国家元首和政府首脑为总统。" ], [ "能详细介绍一下盖亚那的地理特征吗？", @@ -137956,7 +137956,7 @@ "history": [ [ "经济指标economic indicator同其他指标一起，用以测定总的（特别是未来的）经济活动形势的统计数列。超前指标（leading indicator）在总的经济活动发生变化前相当可靠的上升或下降，如建筑许可证、普通股票价格、企业存货额等；重合指标（doincident indicator）与整个经济情况发生同时期、同方向的变化；滞后指标（lagging indicator）在经济情况变动后发生改变方向的变化。\n\n你好，请问经济指标是如何用于衡量整体经济形势的？", - "你好，Human。经济指标是一系列用于衡量整体（尤其是未来的）经济活动的统计数据。这些指标可以帮助我们了解经济的运行状况，从而制定相应的政策和战略。经济指标可以分为三类：超前指标、重合指标和滞后指标。超前指标在整体经济活动发生变化之前可靠地上升或下降，有助于预测未来的经济变化；重合指标与整个经济情况同时、同方向发生变化，用以描述当前经济状况；滞后指标在经济情况发生变化后才顺应改变方向，能反映出经济过去的情况。这些指标共同帮助我们了解和预测经济趋势。" + "经济指标是一系列用于衡量整体（尤其是未来的）经济活动的统计数据。这些指标可以帮助我们了解经济的运行状况，从而制定相应的政策和战略。经济指标可以分为三类：超前指标、重合指标和滞后指标。超前指标在整体经济活动发生变化之前可靠地上升或下降，有助于预测未来的经济变化；重合指标与整个经济情况同时、同方向发生变化，用以描述当前经济状况；滞后指标在经济情况发生变化后才顺应改变方向，能反映出经济过去的情况。这些指标共同帮助我们了解和预测经济趋势。" ], [ "那么超前指标有哪些常见的例子呢？能否举几个来帮助我更好地理解这个概念？", @@ -138082,7 +138082,7 @@ "history": [ [ "麦斯冯席铎1929年～Sydow, Max von原名Carl Adolf von Sydow瑞典演员。就学于斯德哥尔摩皇家戏剧学校，后成为马尔默和斯德哥尔摩的着名演员。以演出柏格曼（I Bergman）电影中忧郁寡欢的角色闻名，着名的有《第七封印》（1957）、《魔术师》（1958）、《处女之泉》（1960）、《冬日阳光》（1963）、《猎狼时刻》（1968）、《羞耻》（1968）和《安娜之怒》（1969）。演出许多美国和国际电影，包括《一个从未讲过的最伟大的故事》（1965）、《伏魔者》（1973）、《铲除征服者》（1988）、《必需的》（1993）。\n\n请问麦斯冯席铎是谁？", - "你好，Human。麦斯冯席铎（Max von Sydow）是一位瑞典演员，原名Carl Adolf von Sydow，出生于1929年。他曾就读于斯德哥尔摩皇家戏剧学校，并成为了马尔默和斯德哥尔摩的著名演员。他以出演英格玛·柏格曼（Ingmar Bergman）执导的电影中忧郁寡欢的角色而广为人知，如《第七封印》（1957年）和《魔术师》（1958年）等。他还参演了许多美国和国际电影。" + "麦斯冯席铎（Max von Sydow）是一位瑞典演员，原名Carl Adolf von Sydow，出生于1929年。他曾就读于斯德哥尔摩皇家戏剧学校，并成为了马尔默和斯德哥尔摩的著名演员。他以出演英格玛·柏格曼（Ingmar Bergman）执导的电影中忧郁寡欢的角色而广为人知，如《第七封印》（1957年）和《魔术师》（1958年）等。他还参演了许多美国和国际电影。" ], [ "他在柏格曼的哪些电影中表演过？", @@ -138326,7 +138326,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伽Kaya亦作Karak日语作任那（Mimana）西元3世纪在朝鲜南部形成的部落联盟，直到6世纪才被新罗征服。据说伽人与比他们更早一或两个世纪从朝鲜跨海到日本来的那些部落有关，而且在他们与近邻新罗、百济的世仇斗争中，伽人常求助于日本。伽人还发明了一种独特的乐器，即带十二根弦的伽琴（kayagum）。\n\n你好，请问伽Kaya是什么？", - "你好，Human！伽Kaya，又称Karak，是西元3世纪在朝鲜半岛南部形成的一个部落联盟。它直到6世纪才被新罗征服。伽Kaya有着与日本部落之间的联系，因此在日语中，它被称为任那（Mimana）。" + "伽Kaya，又称Karak，是西元3世纪在朝鲜半岛南部形成的一个部落联盟。它直到6世纪才被新罗征服。伽Kaya有着与日本部落之间的联系，因此在日语中，它被称为任那（Mimana）。" ], [ "伽人和早期从朝鲜跨海到日本的那些部落之间有什么关系？", @@ -138425,7 +138425,7 @@ "history": [ [ "细菌性疾病bacterial diseases由细菌引起的疾病。为最常见的感染性疾病，范围从轻微的皮肤感染到腺鼠疫（bubonic plague）和结核病。到20世纪中期为止，细菌性肺炎可能是老年人的主要死因。改善卫生、疫苗、抗生素都减少了细菌性感染的死亡率，虽然耐抗生素的菌种引起某些疾病的反扑。细菌致病的方式为：分泌或放出毒素（例如肉毒中毒），从内部制造毒素而在细菌分裂时放出（例如伤寒），或减低抗体性质的敏感度（例如结核病）。其他严重的细菌性疾病包括霍乱、白喉、细菌性脑膜炎、梅毒。\n\n请问细菌性疾病是什么？", - "你好，Human！细菌性疾病是由细菌引起的疾病，它是最常见的感染性疾病。它们的范围从轻微的皮肤感染到严重的疾病，如腺鼠疫（bubonic plague）和结核病。虽然改善卫生、疫苗和抗生素的使用减少了细菌性感染的死亡率，但耐抗生素的菌种已经引起了某些疾病的反扑。" + "细菌性疾病是由细菌引起的疾病，它是最常见的感染性疾病。它们的范围从轻微的皮肤感染到严重的疾病，如腺鼠疫（bubonic plague）和结核病。虽然改善卫生、疫苗和抗生素的使用减少了细菌性感染的死亡率，但耐抗生素的菌种已经引起了某些疾病的反扑。" ], [ "谢谢回答，那细菌性疾病是如何致病的呢？", @@ -138501,7 +138501,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沃姆利会议1877年2月26日Wormley Conference美国历史上，在首都华盛顿特区沃姆利旅馆举行的会议。会议上，共和党和民主党领导人在会上解决了1876年海斯与狄尔登在竞选总统中的争执。选举委员会与共和党和民主党举行几次会议后，此次会议终于达成了妥协︰民主党同意海斯任总统，共和党同意从前邦联诸州撤走联邦军队，北方结束对南部地方政治的干预。\n\n我想了解一下1877年2月26日的沃姆利会议，这是关于什么的？", - "你好，Human！沃姆利会议是美国历史上一个重要的会议，发生在1877年2月26日，地点位于华盛顿特区的沃姆利旅馆。这次会议的主要目的是解决1876年总统选举中共和党候选人海斯与民主党候选人狄尔登之间的竞争争议。会议最终达成了妥协，民主党同意接受共和党候选人海斯作为总统，而共和党同意从前邦联诸州撤走联邦军队，北方停止干涉南方地方政治。" + "沃姆利会议是美国历史上一个重要的会议，发生在1877年2月26日，地点位于华盛顿特区的沃姆利旅馆。这次会议的主要目的是解决1876年总统选举中共和党候选人海斯与民主党候选人狄尔登之间的竞争争议。会议最终达成了妥协，民主党同意接受共和党候选人海斯作为总统，而共和党同意从前邦联诸州撤走联邦军队，北方停止干涉南方地方政治。" ], [ "在沃姆利会议之前，1876年的海斯和狄尔登竞选总统的争议是怎么矛盾升级的？", @@ -138520,7 +138520,7 @@ "history": [ [ "控制系统control system使变量或变量组与规定标准一致的装置。它或使控制量的数值保持常数，或使其按规定方式变化。控制系统与自动化的概念紧密相连，但有段更久的历史。罗马工程师用在适当水位开、关的浮子式阀来保持沟渠系统的水位。1769年瓦特的飞球调速器，它是一种调节蒸汽流的装置，即使荷载变化仍可保持蒸汽机的转速不变。第二次世界大战时，控制系统理论应用到高射炮和射击控制系统。类比电脑和数位电脑设备的引入，开辟了自动控制理论中更为复杂的领域。参阅Jacquard loom、pneumatic device和servomechanism。\n\n请问控制系统是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。控制系统是一个装置，它的主要作用是使变量或变量组与规定标准保持一致。它可以使控制量的数值保持常数，或让它按照规定的方式变化。控制系统与自动化的概念紧密相连，但它有更久的历史。" + "控制系统是一个装置，它的主要作用是使变量或变量组与规定标准保持一致。它可以使控制量的数值保持常数，或让它按照规定的方式变化。控制系统与自动化的概念紧密相连，但它有更久的历史。" ], [ "感谢解答！控制系统有哪些历史上著名的例子？", @@ -138637,7 +138637,7 @@ "history": [ [ "夏龙1928年～Sharon, Ariel以色列军人和政治人物。以色列独立后接受军事训练，从事情报和侦查工作。在「苏伊士危机」和「六日战争」期间，他指挥军队夺取了具有战略意义的米特拉山口。1973年的赎罪日战争期间，他领导以色列国民进行反击。担任负责新拓居地事务的农业部长（1977）之后，他极力鼓吹在占领的阿拉伯土地上建立犹太人定居地。担任国防部长期间（1981～1983），他策画了以色列对黎巴嫩的入侵（参阅Lebanese civil war）。由于以色列调查法庭认为夏龙对巴勒斯坦难民营的大屠杀事件负有间接责任，夏龙于1983年被迫辞职。1980年代和1990年代夏龙继续在内阁任职，1999年成为联合党领袖。2001年被选为总理。\n\n你好，请告诉我有关夏龙的军事经历和在以色列政治生涯中的一些重要事迹。", - "你好，Human! 夏龙是一位以色列的著名军事指挥官和政治家。他的军事生涯包括在以色列独立后从事情报和侦查工作，以及在「苏伊士危机」和「六日战争」期间指挥军队。他在1973年的赎罪日战争中带领以色列进行反击。夏龙作为农业部长，推动在占领的阿拉伯土地上建立犹太人定居地。他在1981至1983年间担任国防部长，策划了以色列对黎巴嫩的入侵。由于被认为对巴勒斯坦难民营的大屠杀负有间接责任，夏龙于1983年被迫辞职。在1980和1990年代，他继续在内阁担任职务，1999年成为联合党的领导人。2001年，夏龙当选为以色列总理。" + "夏龙是一位以色列的著名军事指挥官和政治家。他的军事生涯包括在以色列独立后从事情报和侦查工作，以及在「苏伊士危机」和「六日战争」期间指挥军队。他在1973年的赎罪日战争中带领以色列进行反击。夏龙作为农业部长，推动在占领的阿拉伯土地上建立犹太人定居地。他在1981至1983年间担任国防部长，策划了以色列对黎巴嫩的入侵。由于被认为对巴勒斯坦难民营的大屠杀负有间接责任，夏龙于1983年被迫辞职。在1980和1990年代，他继续在内阁担任职务，1999年成为联合党的领导人。2001年，夏龙当选为以色列总理。" ], [ "请详细解释一下夏龙在1973年赎罪日战争中的作战经验和贡献。", @@ -138782,7 +138782,7 @@ "history": [ [ "萨尔蒂约Saltillo墨西哥东北部城市，科阿韦拉州首府。1575年建立，是西班牙人在这一地区的第一个定居点。1824～1836年为一广大省（包括现今德州和西南美其他地区）首府。现为商业，交通和制造业中心。生产毛织品、针织品和面粉。附近山脉有金、银、铅和煤矿。海拔1,599公尺，气候干爽宜人，为避暑胜地。人口441,000（1994）。\n\n请问萨尔蒂约(Saltillo)是墨西哥的哪个城市？", - "你好，Human! 萨尔蒂约（Saltillo）是墨西哥东北部的一个城市，位于科阿韦拉州，它是该州的首府。这个城市建立于1575年，具有悠久的历史。因此，你可以想象它的文化及其丰富。" + "萨尔蒂约（Saltillo）是墨西哥东北部的一个城市，位于科阿韦拉州，它是该州的首府。这个城市建立于1575年，具有悠久的历史。因此，你可以想象它的文化及其丰富。" ], [ "历史上，萨尔蒂约曾经是一个更广泛地区的首府吗？", @@ -138932,7 +138932,7 @@ "history": [ [ "牛仔骑术竞技rodeo竞赛性质或表现性质的公开表演，内容包括骑野马，套牛，与阉牛摔跤以及骑公牛。起源于19世纪中期牛仔间举行的非正式的竞技比赛。丹佛向来被认为是需付费观赏的牛仔骑术竞技的发源地，这一做法在该地开始于1887年。延续至今的最古老的一年一度的表演是在怀俄明州夏延举行的骑术竞技（始于1897年）。在套牛和与牛摔跤中，竞争者都试图在尽可能短的时间内将动物摔倒。在骑术表演中，竞争者要尽可能长的停留在马背上，并根据其风度，对马的控制和其他方面来被评分。\n\n你好，请问你了解牛仔骑术竞技（rodeo）的历史和起源吗？", - "你好，Human！牛仔骑术竞技（rodeo）起源于19世纪中期，当时牛仔们之间会举行非正式的竞技比赛。公开表演的形式是从19世纪末开始的，最早可以追溯到1887年的丹佛，这里被认为是需付费观赏的牛仔骑术竞技的发源地。同时，最古老的一年一度的表演则是始于1897年的怀俄明州夏延举行的骑术竞技。这些比赛和表演都有很强的竞技和表现性质。" + "牛仔骑术竞技（rodeo）起源于19世纪中期，当时牛仔们之间会举行非正式的竞技比赛。公开表演的形式是从19世纪末开始的，最早可以追溯到1887年的丹佛，这里被认为是需付费观赏的牛仔骑术竞技的发源地。同时，最古老的一年一度的表演则是始于1897年的怀俄明州夏延举行的骑术竞技。这些比赛和表演都有很强的竞技和表现性质。" ], [ "这个比赛有哪些具体项目？", @@ -138993,7 +138993,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴恩斯利Barnsley英格兰北部城镇（1991年人口217,000），滨临迪恩河，位于曼彻斯特东北方。南约克郡行政中心。19世纪迅速成长，成为约克郡的采煤城镇。20世纪初煤产量达到顶峰后，逐渐衰落；有一些轻工业。\n\n请问巴恩斯利是英国的一个什么样的城市呢？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，巴恩斯利（Barnsley）是英格兰北部的一个城镇，位于曼彻斯特东北方。它拥有约217,000人口（1991年统计数据），临近迪恩河，是南约克郡的行政中心。19世纪时，巴恩斯利迅速成长为约克郡的采煤城镇。然而，20世纪初煤产量达到顶峰后逐渐衰落，之后发展了一些轻工业。希望这个简要的介绍能帮助你了解这个城市。" + "根据你提供的信息，巴恩斯利（Barnsley）是英格兰北部的一个城镇，位于曼彻斯特东北方。它拥有约217,000人口（1991年统计数据），临近迪恩河，是南约克郡的行政中心。19世纪时，巴恩斯利迅速成长为约克郡的采煤城镇。然而，20世纪初煤产量达到顶峰后逐渐衰落，之后发展了一些轻工业。希望这个简要的介绍能帮助你了解这个城市。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！那么，巴恩斯利的煤炭产业为何会逐渐衰落呢？", @@ -139134,7 +139134,7 @@ "history": [ [ "莫多克人Modoc居住在加州北部喀斯开山脉以南、操佩纽蒂诸语言的高原地区印第安人。他们以打猎和采集为生，生活方式与邻近的克拉马斯人很相似。1864年美国政府强迫莫多克人到克拉马斯人的土地上居住，由此引起了1872～1873年的莫多克战争。约有八十户莫多克人撤退到加利福尼亚的火山熔岩地层区居住，但最终投降并被迁移到俄克拉荷马州。1909年幸存者被获准回到奥瑞冈州。今天莫多克人约有五百。\n\n请问莫多克人居住在哪个地区？", - "你好，Human！莫多克人曾经居住在加州北部喀斯开山脉以南、操佩纽蒂诸语言的高原地区。这个地区位于美国北加州地区。他们的生活方式与附近的克拉马斯人非常相似，以打猎和采集为主要生活方式。" + "莫多克人曾经居住在加州北部喀斯开山脉以南、操佩纽蒂诸语言的高原地区。这个地区位于美国北加州地区。他们的生活方式与附近的克拉马斯人非常相似，以打猎和采集为主要生活方式。" ], [ "莫多克人和克拉马斯人有哪些相似之处？", @@ -139452,7 +139452,7 @@ "history": [ [ "桑科Moraceae荨麻目的一科，约40属，逾1,000种落叶或常绿乔木和灌木，多数分布在热带和亚热带地区。含有白色乳汁。多数种的果是复果。一些属的果可食，例如桑（桑属）、无花果（最大的属－－榕属）和面包果。桑蚕食用白桑（Morus alba）以外的所有桑叶。该科观赏植物有纸桑及桑橙（Maclura pomifera）。其他还有置于办公室通道的印度橡胶树和分布广泛的榕树。\n\n你好，请根据提供的信息给我简要介绍一下桑科植物。", - "你好，Human！桑科（Moraceae）是荨麻目下的一科植物，包含大约40个属和逾1,000种落叶或常绿乔木和灌木。它们主要生长在热带和亚热带地区，植株内含有白色乳汁。桑科植物的多数种类的果实为复果，其中一些属的果实可食，例如：桑属、榕属（无花果）和面包果。桑蚕主要食用白桑以外的其他桑叶。此外，桑科植物中还有一些观赏植物，如纸桑、桑橙等，其中印度橡胶树和榕树分布较广。" + "桑科（Moraceae）是荨麻目下的一科植物，包含大约40个属和逾1,000种落叶或常绿乔木和灌木。它们主要生长在热带和亚热带地区，植株内含有白色乳汁。桑科植物的多数种类的果实为复果，其中一些属的果实可食，例如：桑属、榕属（无花果）和面包果。桑蚕主要食用白桑以外的其他桑叶。此外，桑科植物中还有一些观赏植物，如纸桑、桑橙等，其中印度橡胶树和榕树分布较广。" ], [ "桑科植物中有哪些果实是可以食用的？", @@ -139570,7 +139570,7 @@ "history": [ [ "丙三醇glycerol亦作glycerin无色、透明、有甜味的黏性液态醇类有机醇，分子式HOCH2CHOHCH2OH。有3个羟基，可形成3种酯（甘油单酯、甘油二酯、甘油三酯），甘油单酯和甘油二酯是常见的食物添加剂。脂肪和油是甘油三酯；20世纪中期以前，所有丙三醇都是由动植物脂肪和油制造肥皂时的副产品，后来才以工业合成方式生产丙三醇。丙三醇的用途极广，包括了乳化剂；软化剂；增塑剂；烘焙食物、冰淇淋、烟草的稳定剂；在药物和化妆品领域中的用途包括了︰润肤剂、漱口水、咳嗽药、血清、疫苗和血栓。其他用途还有冷冻红血球、精子、眼角膜和其他组织的防护介质；用于制取油漆和其他涂料用的树脂和树胶；防冻剂的混合物；发酵时的一种营养成份和生产硝化甘油的原料。\n\n丙三醇是一种有甜味的液态醇类有机醇，请问它在食品工业中的应用有哪些？", - "你好，Human！丙三醇在食品工业中有很多应用。首先，由于丙三醇具有3个羟基，它可以形成3种酯：甘油单酯、甘油二酯和甘油三酯。甘油单酯和甘油二酯是常见的食物添加剂，它们具有良好的乳化、稳定及增加口感的功能。此外，丙三醇还可以作为稳定剂，用于烘焙食物、冰淇淋和烟草等，有助于提高产品质量和保持产品特性。" + "丙三醇在食品工业中有很多应用。首先，由于丙三醇具有3个羟基，它可以形成3种酯：甘油单酯、甘油二酯和甘油三酯。甘油单酯和甘油二酯是常见的食物添加剂，它们具有良好的乳化、稳定及增加口感的功能。此外，丙三醇还可以作为稳定剂，用于烘焙食物、冰淇淋和烟草等，有助于提高产品质量和保持产品特性。" ], [ "谢谢您的回答。那在药物和化妆品领域中, 丙三醇的主要用途有哪些呢？", @@ -139612,7 +139612,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯芬克斯sphinx神话式狮身人首怪兽，常见于埃及和希腊艺术作品和传说中。据说底比斯的有翼斯芬克斯用缪斯所传授的谜语要求人们回答来为难人，这个谜语是：今有一物，发一种声音，但先是四足，后是两足，最后三足，这是何物猜不中的人就要被它吃掉。后来伊底帕斯答出正确答案「人」－－人在婴儿时期匍匐爬行，长大时两脚步行，年迈时拄杖行走；斯芬克斯随即自杀。作为艺术作品，最古老、最着名的斯芬克斯是埃及吉萨地方的大斯芬克斯卧像，约建于西元前2500年。斯芬克斯在西元前1600年左右出现于希腊世界，西元前1500年左右出现于美索不达米亚。\n\n请问你能简单地给我介绍一下斯芬克斯吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。斯芬克斯是一种神话中的狮身人首怪兽，常见于埃及和希腊的艺术作品和传说中。最古老、最著名的斯芬克斯雕像是位于埃及吉萨的大斯芬克斯卧像，约建于公元前2500年。斯芬克斯在公元前1600年左右出现于希腊世界，公元前1500年左右出现于美索不达米亚。这里有一段有趣的传说关于有翼斯芬克斯，它通过用谜语来为难人，而伊底帕斯成功解答了这个谜语使得斯芬克斯自杀。这个谜语是关于人类一生的三个阶段。" + "当然可以。斯芬克斯是一种神话中的狮身人首怪兽，常见于埃及和希腊的艺术作品和传说中。最古老、最著名的斯芬克斯雕像是位于埃及吉萨的大斯芬克斯卧像，约建于公元前2500年。斯芬克斯在公元前1600年左右出现于希腊世界，公元前1500年左右出现于美索不达米亚。这里有一段有趣的传说关于有翼斯芬克斯，它通过用谜语来为难人，而伊底帕斯成功解答了这个谜语使得斯芬克斯自杀。这个谜语是关于人类一生的三个阶段。" ], [ "这个有翼斯芬克斯的谜语是什么？谜底又是什么？", @@ -140153,7 +140153,7 @@ "history": [ [ "炭charcoal一种不纯的石墨碳，是含碳物质在限制通入空气的条件下不完全燃烧或加热时得到的残留物。焦炭、碳黑和煤烟灰都可看作是不同形式的炭，其他形式炭都按其制备时所用材料而定名，如木炭、血炭和骨炭等。高炉中用来还原金属矿石的炭已为焦炭所取代。生产某些化工产品时的碳其来源已为天然气代替，但黑色火药和表面渗碳金属中仍使用炭。采用特殊工艺可制取高孔隙率的炭，其表面积达300～2,000平方公尺／克。这种所谓的活性炭，广泛用于吸附液体和气体中有气味或有色的物质，如用于饮水、糖和许多其他产品的净化过程。在某些化工产品制造中用作催化剂或用作其他催化剂的载体。\n\n请问炭是如何产生的？", - "你好，Human！炭是一种不纯的石墨碳，它是在限制通入空气的条件下，含碳物质经过不完全燃烧或加热时得到的残留物。这个过程导致炭的形成。例如，木材在缺氧环境下加热后会产生木炭。不同类型的炭是根据制备时所用的材料来命名的，如木炭、血炭和骨炭等。" + "炭是一种不纯的石墨碳，它是在限制通入空气的条件下，含碳物质经过不完全燃烧或加热时得到的残留物。这个过程导致炭的形成。例如，木材在缺氧环境下加热后会产生木炭。不同类型的炭是根据制备时所用的材料来命名的，如木炭、血炭和骨炭等。" ], [ "炭在化工方面有哪些应用呢？", @@ -140626,7 +140626,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哥本哈根Copenhagen丹麦语作K?benhavn丹麦首都，工商和文化中心，全国最大和最重要城市。城市范围包括西兰岛东岸一部和阿迈厄岛北部。西元900年当地仅有一小村庄，1167年岸外小岛上建起城堡。1445年成为丹麦首都及王室住地。宫殿有丹麦王室的住所阿马林堡宫、克里斯蒂安斯博格宫（现为国会最高法院和外交部所在地）。哥本哈根是欧洲重要的文化和教育中心，哥本哈根大学建于1497年是最古老的大学之一。该市既是传统的贸易和船运中心，又是新兴制造业城市。主要工业项目有造船、机械、罐头、酿造等。人口︰都会区约1,362,264（1996）。\n\n嗨，请告诉我一下哥本哈根的地理位置。", - "嗨，Human！哥本哈根位于北欧丹麥的東部，它位於西兰岛的东岸一部分，以及阿迈厄岛的北部。由于它的地理位置，哥本哈根成为了丹麥的首都以及一个重要的海港城市。哥本哈根作为丹麦的工商和文化中心，其地理位置使其具有很高的战略价值。希望这些信息对你有所帮助。" + "哥本哈根位于北欧丹麥的東部，它位於西兰岛的东岸一部分，以及阿迈厄岛的北部。由于它的地理位置，哥本哈根成为了丹麥的首都以及一个重要的海港城市。哥本哈根作为丹麦的工商和文化中心，其地理位置使其具有很高的战略价值。希望这些信息对你有所帮助。" ], [ "哥本哈根的历史可以追溯到多久以前？", @@ -140649,7 +140649,7 @@ "history": [ [ "葫芦巴fenugreek豆科一年生纤弱草本植物，学名Trigonella foenum-graecum。原产于南欧和地中海地区，现栽培于中欧和东南欧、西亚、印度和北非。干燥种子粉质，生食熟食均可，也可混入面粉烤制面包等，还可药用及调味。有强烈芳香，味浓，甜而带苦，似烧焦的糖味。植株直立，分枝疏散，高不过一公尺，叶淡绿色，三小叶，花小，白色。荚果细，长15公分，弯曲，钩形。种子黄褐色，扁平，菱形，具有深沟，其长不及5公厘，含葫芦巴碱和胆碱以及黄色物质等。植株在某些咖哩食品和印度酸辣酱中是独特成分，并可用以仿制枫糖浆。\n\n你好，请问你了解葫芦巴这种植物吗？", - "你好，Human！葫芦巴（学名：Trigonella foenum-graecum）是一种豆科一年生纤弱草本植物。它原产于南欧和地中海地区，现在已广泛栽培于中欧和东南欧、西亚、印度和北非。葫芦巴的干燥种子可以食用，对于烹饪和药用都有许多应用。它的种子具有强烈的芳香，味道浓厚，甜而带苦，类似烧焦的糖。" + "葫芦巴（学名：Trigonella foenum-graecum）是一种豆科一年生纤弱草本植物。它原产于南欧和地中海地区，现在已广泛栽培于中欧和东南欧、西亚、印度和北非。葫芦巴的干燥种子可以食用，对于烹饪和药用都有许多应用。它的种子具有强烈的芳香，味道浓厚，甜而带苦，类似烧焦的糖。" ], [ "葫芦巴的植株有哪些特点呢？", @@ -140807,7 +140807,7 @@ "history": [ [ "拉布拉多洋流Labrador Current沿拉布拉多海西侧向南流动的表面洋流。起源于戴维斯海峡，由西格陵兰洋流、巴芬岛洋流和来自哈得逊湾的水流汇合而成。温度保持在0℃以下，盐度较低。该洋流的范围限于大陆棚，深度略大于600公尺，每年都会携带几千座冰山流向南方。\n\n请你简单介绍一下拉布拉多洋流。", - "你好，Human！拉布拉多洋流（Labrador Current）是一个沿拉布拉多海西侧向南移动的表层海洋洋流。它起源于戴维斯海峡，是由西格陵兰洋流、巴芬岛洋流以及来自哈得逊湾的水流汇合而成的。拉布拉多洋流的温度保持在0℃以下，盐度较低，其范围限于大陆棚。这个洋流的深度略大于600米，它每年将数千座冰山携带至更南方的地区。" + "拉布拉多洋流（Labrador Current）是一个沿拉布拉多海西侧向南移动的表层海洋洋流。它起源于戴维斯海峡，是由西格陵兰洋流、巴芬岛洋流以及来自哈得逊湾的水流汇合而成的。拉布拉多洋流的温度保持在0℃以下，盐度较低，其范围限于大陆棚。这个洋流的深度略大于600米，它每年将数千座冰山携带至更南方的地区。" ], [ "拉布拉多洋流的温度为什么会在0℃以下？", @@ -140887,7 +140887,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布特莱齐1928年～Buthelezi, Mangosuthu G(atsha)祖鲁人酋长和英卡塔自由党领袖，塞奇瓦约王室的后裔。1953年成为布特莱齐部落世袭酋长。1972年被选为非独立的夸祖鲁领袖，在与非洲民族议会（ANC）决裂后，于1974年重组英卡塔运动。布特莱齐拒绝夸祖鲁完全独立，同时又在白人确立的体制内继续为停止种族隔离政策而奋斗。1990～1994年为争取非洲民族议会的领导权而展开激烈的斗争，数千人在英卡塔和非洲民族议会的暴动中丧生。在1994年的大选后，出任曼德拉联合政府的内政部长。\n\n你好，请问你能给我简要介绍一下布特莱齐吗？", - "你好，Human！布特莱齐，全名Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi，是祖鲁人酋长，英卡塔自由党的领导人。他出生于1928年，是南非塞奇瓦约王室的后裔。1953年，布特莱齐成为布特莱齐部落的世袭酋长。他被选为非独立的夸祖鲁地区的领袖，并于1974年重组英卡塔运动。他同时反对夸祖鲁地区完全独立，并在白人确立的体制内继续奋斗以停止种族隔离政策。从1990年到1994年，他与非洲民族议会（ANC）展开激烈的斗争，导致数千人在两方的暴动中丧生。南非举行大选后，他成为曼德拉联合政府的内政部长。" + "布特莱齐，全名Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi，是祖鲁人酋长，英卡塔自由党的领导人。他出生于1928年，是南非塞奇瓦约王室的后裔。1953年，布特莱齐成为布特莱齐部落的世袭酋长。他被选为非独立的夸祖鲁地区的领袖，并于1974年重组英卡塔运动。他同时反对夸祖鲁地区完全独立，并在白人确立的体制内继续奋斗以停止种族隔离政策。从1990年到1994年，他与非洲民族议会（ANC）展开激烈的斗争，导致数千人在两方的暴动中丧生。南非举行大选后，他成为曼德拉联合政府的内政部长。" ], [ "请问1994年的大选是什么时候举行的，以及这次大选的意义？", @@ -141131,7 +141131,7 @@ "history": [ [ "元禄时代Genroku period指日本史上1688～1704年间，非武士阶级的城市居民的一段文化昌盛时期。此词也常用于涵盖1675～1725年左右的时期。当时禁止炫耀自己的财富，但富有的京都、大阪和江户（东京）人找到其他办法来展示自己的财富。他们把大部分的时间和金钱都花在娱乐方面，如戏院、妓院和茶馆等地方，这种「浮世」现象表现在明亮多彩的木刻版画（即浮世绘）作品上。元禄时代为城市文化树立了榜样，使其持续繁荣于整个江户时代。\n\n你好，请问元禄时代是哪个时期？", - "你好，Human！元禄时代是指日本历史上1688年至1704年这个时期。这个时期属于江户时代的一部分，是非武士阶级的城市居民文化特别繁荣的时期。这个词有时也用于涵盖1675年至1725年左右的时期。" + "元禄时代是指日本历史上1688年至1704年这个时期。这个时期属于江户时代的一部分，是非武士阶级的城市居民文化特别繁荣的时期。这个词有时也用于涵盖1675年至1725年左右的时期。" ], [ "请问那个时期有什么特别的文化特点？", @@ -141150,7 +141150,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯蒂文1548～1620年Stevin, Simon法兰德斯数学家。1585年发表小册子《十分之一》，对十进位小数及其日常应用作了说明。尽管十进位小数并非他发明的，用的符号也不方便，但是他确立了它们在日用数学中的应用。\n\n请问斯蒂文是谁？", - "你好，Human！斯蒂文（Simon Stevin，1548-1620）是一位法兰德斯数学家。他在1585年发表了一本名为《十分之一》的小册子，在这本书中他详细阐述了十进制小数及其在日常生活中的应用。虽然他不是十进制小数的发明者，而且他所使用的符号并不是现代通用的十进制小数符号，但他在日常数学应用领域为十进制小数的应用确立了地位。" + "斯蒂文（Simon Stevin，1548-1620）是一位法兰德斯数学家。他在1585年发表了一本名为《十分之一》的小册子，在这本书中他详细阐述了十进制小数及其在日常生活中的应用。虽然他不是十进制小数的发明者，而且他所使用的符号并不是现代通用的十进制小数符号，但他在日常数学应用领域为十进制小数的应用确立了地位。" ], [ "《十分之一》这本书的背景和目的是什么？", @@ -142138,7 +142138,7 @@ { "instruction": "图林根Thuringia德语作Thüringen德国历史上着名的地区和州。包括以前东德西南部的图林根森林周围地区。首府爱尔福特。日耳曼图林根人西元350年始见记载，5世纪中期被匈奴占领。1485年成为萨克森的一部分，后来又分裂为几个小国。1871年这些小国加入德意志帝国，第一次世界大战以后统一。随着1945年德国的分治，图林根成为东德的一部分。1990年重新成为统一德国的一个州。经济主要以工业为主。人口约2,504,000（1996）。\n\n你好，请问图林根的首府是哪个城市？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！图林根州的首府是爱尔福特。爱尔福特位于图林根州的中心地带，拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化。如果你有机会去德国旅行，不妨去爱尔福特感受一下图林根州的魅力。", + "output": "图林根州的首府是爱尔福特。爱尔福特位于图林根州的中心地带，拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化。如果你有机会去德国旅行，不妨去爱尔福特感受一下图林根州的魅力。", "history": [] }, { @@ -142224,7 +142224,7 @@ "history": [ [ "曼怛罗mantra印度教和佛教的咒语，或一字，或数字，也有成句者，一般认为具有神秘的或精神上的力量。或是高声朗诵，或是心中默念；有的一再重覆，有的只念一次。大多数在言词上并无明显的意义，但被认为具有深刻的寓意，为智慧的精华。因此，反覆背诵曼怛罗可在信徒心中产生一种恍惚状态，并引导他到达更高一层的精神领悟。广泛使用的曼怛罗有印度教的「唵」和藏传佛教的「唵嘛呢叭咪吽」。\n\n你好，请问根据上述信息，曼怛罗是什么？", - "你好，Human！根据给出的信息，曼怛罗（mantra）是印度教和佛教中的咒语，它可以是一个字，数字，或者成句的形式。曼怛罗被认为具有神秘的或精神上的力量。信徒可以通过高声朗诵或心中默念这些咒语来进入一种恍惚状态，从而达到更高层次的精神领悟。在印度教和佛教中，一些广泛使用的曼怛罗包括“唵”和“唵嘛呢叭咪吽”。" + "根据给出的信息，曼怛罗（mantra）是印度教和佛教中的咒语，它可以是一个字，数字，或者成句的形式。曼怛罗被认为具有神秘的或精神上的力量。信徒可以通过高声朗诵或心中默念这些咒语来进入一种恍惚状态，从而达到更高层次的精神领悟。在印度教和佛教中，一些广泛使用的曼怛罗包括“唵”和“唵嘛呢叭咪吽”。" ], [ "那么反复背诵曼怛罗是如何帮助信徒达到恍惚状态的呢？", @@ -142357,7 +142357,7 @@ "history": [ [ "学托扩运动chautauqua movement西元1874年在美国蓬勃发展的一种成人教育运动。原为对主日学校教师和纽约州学托扩湖教堂工作人员进行培训的一种集会，起初完全是宗教性的，后来教学计画逐步扩大到包括普通教育和公共娱乐。不久又在暑期讲座和教学班以外，增加了家庭阅读计画和函授学习。但在高峰年（1924）以后，学托扩运动虽然开始衰落（组织仍举办会议），但仍影响了社区学院的成长和连续教育计画。参阅lyceum movement。\n\n关于学托扩运动，请问这个运动的起源有什么特殊之处？", - "你好，Human。学托扩运动（Chautauqua Movement）起源于西元1874年，它开始是作为一种面向主日学校教师和纽约州Chautauqua湖教堂工作人员的培训集会。这个运动起初具有很强的宗教性质，但随着时间的推移，它的教学计划逐步扩大，涵盖了普通教育和公共娱乐等领域，成为了一种成人教育运动。所以，学托扩运动的特殊之处在于它起初是具有宗教性质的培训集会，但后来发展为涉及更广泛教育内容的成人教育运动。" + "学托扩运动（Chautauqua Movement）起源于西元1874年，它开始是作为一种面向主日学校教师和纽约州Chautauqua湖教堂工作人员的培训集会。这个运动起初具有很强的宗教性质，但随着时间的推移，它的教学计划逐步扩大，涵盖了普通教育和公共娱乐等领域，成为了一种成人教育运动。所以，学托扩运动的特殊之处在于它起初是具有宗教性质的培训集会，但后来发展为涉及更广泛教育内容的成人教育运动。" ], [ "了解了起源后，我想问问它后来的发展情况怎么样？", @@ -143047,7 +143047,7 @@ "history": [ [ "万寿菊marigold菊科万寿菊属约30种一年生草本植物，原产北美西南部。万寿菊也指金盏花以及其他几科无亲缘关系的植物。万寿菊包括几种广泛种植的庭园观赏花，如非洲万寿菊（Tagetes erecta）和法国万寿菊（T patula），它们的花单生或簇生，色红、橙和黄，叶缘通常细裂。由于它们的叶有害虫们不喜欢的强烈气味，所以往往在蔬菜作物中裁植万寿菊。\n\n你好，请问万寿菊是什么植物？", - "你好，Human！万寿菊是一种菊科万寿菊属的草本植物，共有约30种，主要原产于北美西南部。其中又包括金盏花等其他几科无亲缘关系的植物。它们有着漂亮的红、橙和黄色花朵，因此在园艺领域非常受欢迎。其中，非洲万寿菊（Tagetes erecta）和法国万寿菊（T patula）是常见的庭园观赏花。万寿菊叶子通常具有很强的气味，许多害虫不喜欢，因此它们也常被用于蔬菜作物间的植栽以驱虫。" + "万寿菊是一种菊科万寿菊属的草本植物，共有约30种，主要原产于北美西南部。其中又包括金盏花等其他几科无亲缘关系的植物。它们有着漂亮的红、橙和黄色花朵，因此在园艺领域非常受欢迎。其中，非洲万寿菊（Tagetes erecta）和法国万寿菊（T patula）是常见的庭园观赏花。万寿菊叶子通常具有很强的气味，许多害虫不喜欢，因此它们也常被用于蔬菜作物间的植栽以驱虫。" ], [ "听起来万寿菊有很强的驱虫能力，为什么它能起到这种作用？", @@ -143279,7 +143279,7 @@ "history": [ [ "托托纳克人Totonac墨西哥中东部的北美印第安人。他们有的生活在凉爽、多雨的高地，有的生活在炎热、潮湿的低地。虽然两部分托托纳克人都务农，但高地人也从事小贩和雇工劳动，并常在农闲时到低地农场劳动。大多数人都耕种自己的土地，还必须完成在农村公地上的劳动。他们名义上信仰天主教，但已使其适应自己的传统信仰。\n\n你好，请根据我给你的托托纳克人的信息，告诉我他们的生活环境有什么特点？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，托托纳克人生活在墨西哥中东部，他们的居住环境有两种类型：一部分生活在凉爽、多雨的高地；另一部分生活在炎热、潮湿的低地。这两种环境分别为他们的日常生活和农业生产提供了不同的条件。" + "根据你提供的信息，托托纳克人生活在墨西哥中东部，他们的居住环境有两种类型：一部分生活在凉爽、多雨的高地；另一部分生活在炎热、潮湿的低地。这两种环境分别为他们的日常生活和农业生产提供了不同的条件。" ], [ "那么，在农业方面他们有什么特点或者特殊做法吗？", @@ -143302,7 +143302,7 @@ "history": [ [ "亚当斯1912～1988年Addams, Charles (Samuel)美国卡通画家，生于新泽西西田市（Westfield）。在1933年首次卖稿给《纽约客》（The New Yorker）周刊之前，曾短暂地担任商业艺术家。他以绘制妖怪家庭闻名，其活动影射人世家庭的活动，例如，老妖怪赞赏小妖怪用玩具断头台斩玩偶的头。1960年代中期一部受人欢迎的电视影集，并之后被拍成两部好莱坞电影的《阿达一族》（The Addams Family），即取材于这些作品。\n\n请问亚当斯是什么时候成为漫画家的？", - "你好，Human。亚当斯（Charles Addams）成为专业的漫画家可以追溯到1933年，那一年他首次向《纽约客》（The New Yorker）周刊出售了他的作品。在那之前，他曾短暂地从事商业艺术家的工作。由此可见，成为漫画家的过程中亚当斯在艺术领域已积累了一定的经验。" + "亚当斯（Charles Addams）成为专业的漫画家可以追溯到1933年，那一年他首次向《纽约客》（The New Yorker）周刊出售了他的作品。在那之前，他曾短暂地从事商业艺术家的工作。由此可见，成为漫画家的过程中亚当斯在艺术领域已积累了一定的经验。" ], [ "亚当斯最著名的作品是什么？它是如何影射现实生活的？", @@ -143451,7 +143451,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伦敦大火1666年9月2～5日Great Fire of London英国伦敦历史上最严重的一次火灾。这场大火摧毁了大部分的城市，包括大多数公用建筑、圣保罗大教堂、87个堂区教堂和大约13,000幢民房。起因为伦敦桥附近普丁（Pudding）巷内的皇家面包房偶然失火，强烈的东风助长火势。在第四天，一些房屋被炸药炸毁以控制火势。泰晤士河上的船只挤满了带着大包小包的人们，有些人逃到汉普斯特德（Hampstead）和海格特（Highgate）等高地，大部分无家可归的伦敦人栖身穆尔菲尔兹（Moorfields）。\n\n你好，请问伦敦大火具体是在哪一年的哪几天发生的？", - "你好，Human！伦敦大火发生于1666年的9月2日至9月5日。" + "伦敦大火发生于1666年的9月2日至9月5日。" ], [ "大火的起因是什么？", @@ -143531,7 +143531,7 @@ "history": [ [ "花坛植物bedding plant通常大量种于花盆或温室平台或类似构造的植物，用意是将来移植到花园、挂篮、窗台或其他室外种植地。大部分为一年生植物，在霜害危险完全过去后移植到室外。较重要的有凤仙花、万寿菊、矮牵牛。\n\n我听说bedding plant可以用于花园、挂篮、窗台等地方，那么它们需要什么样的土壤条件才能生长得好呢？", - "你好，Human！关于bedding plant的土壤条件，首先它们通常比较喜欢肥沃、排水良好的土壤。这样的土壤有助于它们获得充足的养分和水分，从而促进生长。此外，土壤的酸碱度也会影响到植物的生长，大部分bedding plant喜欢接近中性的土壤，也就是pH值在6-7之间。当然，不同的植物可能对土壤条件有所不同，可以根据具体品种进行调整。" + "关于bedding plant的土壤条件，首先它们通常比较喜欢肥沃、排水良好的土壤。这样的土壤有助于它们获得充足的养分和水分，从而促进生长。此外，土壤的酸碱度也会影响到植物的生长，大部分bedding plant喜欢接近中性的土壤，也就是pH值在6-7之间。当然，不同的植物可能对土壤条件有所不同，可以根据具体品种进行调整。" ], [ "明白了，那么在移植bedding plant前还需要做什么准备工作呢？", @@ -143569,7 +143569,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡蒙斯1524/25～1580年Cam?es, Luís (Vaz) de葡萄牙诗人、作家。生于里斯本一个没落贵族家庭。曾在印度住了十七年。长篇史诗《卢济塔尼亚人之歌》（1572）是他的杰作，描写达伽马发现通往印度的航海路线的史实。他还创作了数百首优美的诗篇，收集在《抒情诗集》（1595年起）中。此外，他还写了一些戏剧作品。他的诗对葡萄牙和巴西文学均产生了极其深远的影响，被认为是葡萄牙的民族诗人。\n\n请问卡蒙斯是葡萄牙的哪个时期的诗人？", - "你好Human！卡蒙斯（Luís Vaz de Camões）活跃于1524/25～1580年，他是葡萄牙文艺复兴时期的一位著名诗人和作家。他生活在16世纪这一时期，对葡萄牙和巴西文学产生了极其深远的影响，并被认为是葡萄牙的民族诗人。因此，卡蒙斯是葡萄牙文艺复兴时期的诗人。" + "卡蒙斯（Luís Vaz de Camões）活跃于1524/25～1580年，他是葡萄牙文艺复兴时期的一位著名诗人和作家。他生活在16世纪这一时期，对葡萄牙和巴西文学产生了极其深远的影响，并被认为是葡萄牙的民族诗人。因此，卡蒙斯是葡萄牙文艺复兴时期的诗人。" ], [ "请问卡蒙斯最著名的作品是什么？", @@ -143973,7 +143973,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中程核武intermediate-range nuclear weapons核子武器的类型，射程介于1,000至5,500公里之间。苏联研发的一些多弹头飞弹可以在十分钟之内攻击数个西欧的任意目标。美国可以在十分钟之内从中欧发射单一的核子弹头飞弹抵达莫斯科。一般认为两者属于攻击型的第一波攻击武器。美苏武器管制谈判（1980～1987）达成中程核武协定，由戈巴契夫与雷根签署，彻底移除并拆除上述与较短程的武器。\n\n我想了解一下中程核武是指哪种类型的核武器？", - "你好，Human！中程核武指的是一种射程介于1,000至5,500公里之间的核武器。这类武器的特点在于它们可以很快地打击到相对较远的目标。苏联和美国曾研发过这类武器，例如苏联的多弹头飞弹可以在十分钟内攻击到数个西欧目标，而美国的单一核子弹头飞弹也可以在十分钟内从中欧发射抵达莫斯科。这类核武器通常被认为是攻击型的第一波攻击武器。" + "中程核武指的是一种射程介于1,000至5,500公里之间的核武器。这类武器的特点在于它们可以很快地打击到相对较远的目标。苏联和美国曾研发过这类武器，例如苏联的多弹头飞弹可以在十分钟内攻击到数个西欧目标，而美国的单一核子弹头飞弹也可以在十分钟内从中欧发射抵达莫斯科。这类核武器通常被认为是攻击型的第一波攻击武器。" ], [ "你刚刚提到了美苏武器管制谈判，能详细介绍一下吗？", @@ -144535,7 +144535,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿札尔大学Azhar University, al-世界伊斯兰学和阿拉伯学主要研究中心，位于开罗中世纪区阿札尔清真寺内，西元970年由法蒂玛王朝创办，988年正式建成。基础课程有伊斯兰律法、神学、阿拉伯语，迄今仍为研习主要内容。19世纪时恢复了哲学课。20世纪这所大学推行现代化，在纳赛尔城新建的分校内增开了社会科学方面的课程。阿札尔大学附设科研机构十一所，学生来自中国、印尼、摩洛哥、索马利亚等国。自1962年起开始招收女生。学生总人数为90,000。\n\n请问阿札尔大学是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human。阿札尔大学成立于西元970年，由法蒂玛王朝创办。这所大学的基础课程包括伊斯兰律法、神学和阿拉伯语，这些课程一直是该校主要的研究内容。" + "阿札尔大学成立于西元970年，由法蒂玛王朝创办。这所大学的基础课程包括伊斯兰律法、神学和阿拉伯语，这些课程一直是该校主要的研究内容。" ], [ "多谢回答。阿札尔大学所在的位置是哪里？", @@ -144884,7 +144884,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蓝灰蝶blue butterfly亦称蓝蝶。鳞翅目灰蝶科分布很广的蝶类。有时称其成虫为纱翼蝴蝶，体纤小，翅展18～38公厘。飞行迅速，多数品种的翅有金属光泽。幼虫粗短，蛞蝓状。有些品种能分泌蜜露，是消化过程的甜味副产品，可以诱蚁。蚁用足轻拍幼虫，刺激蜜露的分泌。\n\n请问蓝灰蝶是什么样的蝴蝶？有什么特点？", - "你好，Human。蓝灰蝶，又称蓝蝶，是一种分布广泛的鳞翅目灰蝶科蝴蝶。它们的体型纤小，翅展在18至38毫米之间。这些蝴蝶的飞行速度很快，翅膀上有金属般的光泽。此外，它们的幼虫体型粗短，呈蛞蝓状。通过这些特点，你可以辨认出蓝灰蝶。" + "蓝灰蝶，又称蓝蝶，是一种分布广泛的鳞翅目灰蝶科蝴蝶。它们的体型纤小，翅展在18至38毫米之间。这些蝴蝶的飞行速度很快，翅膀上有金属般的光泽。此外，它们的幼虫体型粗短，呈蛞蝓状。通过这些特点，你可以辨认出蓝灰蝶。" ], [ "蓝灰蝶幼虫分泌蜜露是什么原因，这对它们有什么好处呢？", @@ -145589,11 +145589,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你，你帮我解答了很多疑问！", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human。如果你还有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时告诉我。我会尽我所能为你提供帮助。", + "output": "不客气。如果你还有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时告诉我。我会尽我所能为你提供帮助。", "history": [ [ "离子ion带有一个或多个正电荷（阳离子）或负电荷（阴离子）的原子或原子团。在中性分子或其他离子中加入或取走电子后即形成离子，例如钠（Na）原子与氯（Cl）原子反应生成Na+和Cl-。离子与其他粒子结合后也会生成离子，如氢阳离子（H+）与氨分子（NH3）结合成铵基阳离子（NH4+）。两个原子间的共价键断裂时，如果两部分都带电，则也生成离子，如水分子（H2O）离解为氢（H+）和氢氧根离子（OH-）。许多结晶物质（参阅crystal）都由排列成规则几何图型的离子组成，藉带相反电荷的粒子彼此间的吸引力联系在一起。在电场中，离子向相反电荷方向移动。在电解质电池（参阅electrolysis）中，离子是电流的导体。能形成离子的化合物称为电解质。当气体中发生放电时，也会形成离子。\n\n根据刚刚的离子和离子化合物的信息，我对这个话题有些疑问，你能帮我解答一下吗？", - "当然可以，Human，请随时提问，我会根据提供的信息来帮助解答你的问题。" + "请随时提问，我会根据提供的信息来帮助解答你的问题。" ], [ "首先，我想了解一下什么是阳离子和阴离子？", @@ -146116,7 +146116,7 @@ "history": [ [ "德拉瓦河Drava River德语作Drau在中欧南部。源出义大利卡尔尼克阿尔卑斯山脉，向东流经奥地利，形成阿尔卑斯山脉最长的纵向河谷。该河从此折向东南流经斯洛维尼亚和克罗埃西亚北部，并形成克洛地亚－匈牙利边界之一段，全长719公里，为多瑙河右岸主要支流。该河谷是历史上入侵阿尔卑斯山诸国的必经之地。\n\n关于德拉瓦河，我有一些问题想了解和讨论，请问你能帮助我吗？", - "你好，Human！我非常乐意帮助你解答关于德拉瓦河的问题。请随时提问！" + "我非常乐意帮助你解答关于德拉瓦河的问题。请随时提问！" ], [ "德拉瓦河的源头在哪里？", @@ -146244,7 +146244,7 @@ "history": [ [ "萨尔贡Sargon活动时期西元前24世纪～西元前23世纪古代美索不达米亚统治者。他的事迹来源于神话和传奇，其都城阿加德确实的位置不得而知。他原本可能是王室尝酒侍臣，后来因打败了闪米特国王而成名，并夺得了美索不达米亚南部的王国，成为了第一个操阿尔卡德语而不是苏美语的国王。他将帝国从伊拉克扩展到了安纳托利亚，其贸易在印度河流域、阿曼、波斯湾海岸、卡帕多西亚和地中海地区繁荣起来。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我一下萨尔贡(Sargon)的主要成就是什么吗？", - "你好，Human！萨尔贡是古代美索不达米亚地区的一位重要统治者，他的主要成就包括建立起了一个统一的帝国，将领土从伊拉克扩展到了安纳托利亚。在他的统治下，贸易得到了发展，范围涉及印度河流域、阿曼、波斯湾海岸、卡帕多西亚和地中海地区。此外，他还是第一个操阿尔卡德语而非苏美语的国王。这些成就加强了国家的边疆和经济地位，同时也传承下来的神话和传说使得萨尔贡的名字被后世流传和纪念。" + "萨尔贡是古代美索不达米亚地区的一位重要统治者，他的主要成就包括建立起了一个统一的帝国，将领土从伊拉克扩展到了安纳托利亚。在他的统治下，贸易得到了发展，范围涉及印度河流域、阿曼、波斯湾海岸、卡帕多西亚和地中海地区。此外，他还是第一个操阿尔卡德语而非苏美语的国王。这些成就加强了国家的边疆和经济地位，同时也传承下来的神话和传说使得萨尔贡的名字被后世流传和纪念。" ], [ "萨尔贡从一个品酒官怎么成功地成为了王国的统治者？", @@ -146767,7 +146767,7 @@ "history": [ [ "月海mare月球上平坦、低、暗黑的平原。尽管mare拉丁文原意为「海」，但月海是带有、地堑和断层的巨大熔岩流，它们没有水。最着名的月海为宁静海（Mare Tranquillitatis; Sea of Tranquility），是阿波罗11号登陆月球的地方。月球表面的十四个月海全部都在永远朝向地球的月球正面上；它们是月表地形最大结构，从地球上用肉眼即可看到。所谓「月中人」（man in the moon）的特征就是指月海。\n\n关于月海，我想了解一下它们的一般特征。", - "你好，Human！月海是月球上平坦、低、暗黑的平原，它们其实是由巨大的熔岩流形成的。尽管它们的名字取自拉丁语中的\"海\"，但月海并不包含水。这些月海是由熔岩流、地堑和断层组成的，它们是月球表面最大的地形结构。最著名的月海是宁静海，它是阿波罗11号登陆月球的地方。" + "月海是月球上平坦、低、暗黑的平原，它们其实是由巨大的熔岩流形成的。尽管它们的名字取自拉丁语中的\"海\"，但月海并不包含水。这些月海是由熔岩流、地堑和断层组成的，它们是月球表面最大的地形结构。最著名的月海是宁静海，它是阿波罗11号登陆月球的地方。" ], [ "为什么月球正面的月海会是这样的特征？", @@ -147384,7 +147384,7 @@ "history": [ [ "凸肚窗oriel设在楼上，下面由挑出的叠涩支承的凸窗。平面常为半六角形或矩形，于15世纪开始流行。在哥德式晚期和都铎式时期常设在庄园宅邸和公共建筑的门道或入口之上。在北非和中东地区的城市中，穆沙拉比窗就是一种使用格栅和格构式窗取代玻璃窗和百叶窗的凸肚窗。亦请参阅brise-soleil。\n\n请根据上面的信息简要介绍一下凸肚窗oriel的概念和特点。", - "你好，Human！凸肚窗指的是一种突出于建筑外墙的窗户，通常设在楼上。凸肚窗平面的形状通常为半六角形或矩形。这种窗户设计最早出现在15世纪，并在哥德式晚期与都铎式时期广泛应用于庄园宅邸和公共建筑的门道或入口之上。在北非和中东地区，穆沙拉比窗是一种类似的设计，使用格栅和格构式窗取代了玻璃窗和百叶窗。其中，brise-soleil 是凸肚窗的一种独特设计元素。" + "凸肚窗指的是一种突出于建筑外墙的窗户，通常设在楼上。凸肚窗平面的形状通常为半六角形或矩形。这种窗户设计最早出现在15世纪，并在哥德式晚期与都铎式时期广泛应用于庄园宅邸和公共建筑的门道或入口之上。在北非和中东地区，穆沙拉比窗是一种类似的设计，使用格栅和格构式窗取代了玻璃窗和百叶窗。其中，brise-soleil 是凸肚窗的一种独特设计元素。" ], [ "为什么凸肚窗在哥德式晚期和都铎式时期流行？", @@ -147422,7 +147422,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴里Bali印尼小巽他群岛的岛屿（1995年人口约2,900,000）。位于爪哇岛以东，是印尼的一省。岛上两个主要城市是新加拉惹和省会登巴萨。大部分是山地，最高峰阿贡山高3,142公尺。早期曾受印度统治，16世纪许多人自爪哇移民来此，巴里至今仍是以信奉印度教为主。16世纪晚期荷兰人来到这里，仅19世纪末受其统治。第二次世界大战时被日本占领。1950年成为印尼的领土。旅游业在现代经济中的地位日益重要。\n\n你好，请根据我提供的信息，简要介绍一下巴厘岛的地理位置和人口数量。", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，巴厘岛位于印尼小巽他群岛，东临爪哇岛，隶属印尼的一省。该岛的人口在1995年时约为2,900,000人。" + "根据你提供的信息，巴厘岛位于印尼小巽他群岛，东临爪哇岛，隶属印尼的一省。该岛的人口在1995年时约为2,900,000人。" ], [ "巴厘岛的两个主要城市分别是哪两个呢？", @@ -147445,7 +147445,7 @@ "history": [ [ "丁香花lilac木犀科丁香花属植物，约30种，包括多种产于北方庭园，春季开花，花香而艳丽的灌木或小乔木。原产东欧和亚洲温带。叶深绿色，花簇生，花序椭圆形而大，有深紫、淡紫、蓝、红、桃红、白、灰白、乳黄等色，通常十分芳香。果为革质蒴果。西洋丁香（S vulgaris）株高约6公尺，从茎和根生出多数吸根。lilac一词以前是指虎耳草科的山梅花（假橘），醉鱼草一般也叫作夏丁香（summer lilac）。\n\n请问丁香花属于什么科和属，大概有多少种呢？", - "你好，Human。丁香花是木犀科下的丁香花属植物。大约有30种不同的丁香花，其中包括很多北方庭院中常见的春季开花的植物。它们的花朵色彩鲜艳并且散发出香气，使其成为受欢迎的观赏植物。" + "丁香花是木犀科下的丁香花属植物。大约有30种不同的丁香花，其中包括很多北方庭院中常见的春季开花的植物。它们的花朵色彩鲜艳并且散发出香气，使其成为受欢迎的观赏植物。" ], [ "世界上的丁香花起源地在哪里？", @@ -147903,7 +147903,7 @@ "history": [ [ "特鲁别茨科伊1890～1938年Trubetskoy, Nikolay (Sergeyevich), Prince俄国的语言学家。他出生在一个学者家庭，曾在俄国担任语言学教授，并从1922年起在维也纳大学任教。他是布拉格语言学派的创始人之一，因写作了该学派最重要的音位学作品《音位学原理》（1939）而出名。他受到索绪尔的影响，重新对因为进行了解时，认为语音是一种语言结构中最小的可区别的单位。他因批判纳粹的种族理论而遭到迫害后，死于心脏病。\n\n请问特鲁别茨科伊是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human。特鲁别茨科伊（Nikolay (Sergeyevich) Trubetskoy）出生于1890年。他是一位俄国的语言学家，对语言学领域产生了很大影响。" + "特鲁别茨科伊（Nikolay (Sergeyevich) Trubetskoy）出生于1890年。他是一位俄国的语言学家，对语言学领域产生了很大影响。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释。特鲁别茨科伊在哪个学者家庭出生的呢？", @@ -148040,7 +148040,7 @@ "history": [ [ "纳斯特1840～1902年Nast, Thomas美国（德国出生）政治漫画家。六岁时来到美国。1862到1886年间为《哈泼周刊》画漫画。在南北战争中他的漫画有效地支持了北方的事业，林肯称他为「我们最好的招兵员」。1870年代，他的一些最有效的漫画都是攻击特威德在纽约的政治机构；这也是导致特威德在西班牙被认出和被捕的原因之一。共和党的大象形象、最受欢迎的圣诞老人形象以及民主党的毛驴形象都出自纳斯特之手。由于作房屋仲介失败而一贫如洗。后来任驻厄瓜多尔领事，最后在那里去世。\n\n你好。请问纳斯特是什么时候移民美国的？", - "你好，Human。根据所提供的信息，纳斯特在6岁时移民到美国，他出生于1840年，所以他大约是在1846年左右移民到美国的。" + "根据所提供的信息，纳斯特在6岁时移民到美国，他出生于1840年，所以他大约是在1846年左右移民到美国的。" ], [ "纳斯特为什么被誉为“我们最好的招兵员”？", @@ -148227,7 +148227,7 @@ "history": [ [ "明朝1368～1644年Ming dynasty中国朝代，是在蒙古和满洲两大外族先后统治中国的间隔中所创建的本土政权。明朝以其极为稳定而又专制的统治，扩张中国的影响力，所及范围超出中国历代的本土政权。在明朝统治下，中国的首都由南京迁往北京，紫禁城亦于此时兴建。由郑和领导的海洋远征开拓了东南亚、印度以及东非的贸易路线。以白话写作的小说创作亦在这个时期问世；明代的哲理思想，则是从新儒学的王阳明的着作中获得启发。明代的白瓷扬名于全世界，在越南、日本与欧洲都有仿作。\n\n请问明朝是在哪个时期建立的？", - "你好，Human。明朝是在公元1368年建立的，一直持续到1644年。这个朝代位于蒙古和满洲两大外族分别统治中国的中间期，可以说它是一个本土政权。明朝以其稳定而专制的统治特点而著名，时期长达276年。" + "明朝是在公元1368年建立的，一直持续到1644年。这个朝代位于蒙古和满洲两大外族分别统治中国的中间期，可以说它是一个本土政权。明朝以其稳定而专制的统治特点而著名，时期长达276年。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答，那么明朝的首都在哪里呢？", @@ -148593,7 +148593,7 @@ "history": [ [ "至圣所Holy of Holies古代耶路撒冷圣殿中最里面也是最神圣的地方，只有祭司长方可入内，而且一年只有一次，在赎罪日那一天。至圣所在圣殿的西端，入口处有一座镀金的雪松木祭坛。第一圣殿的至圣所里藏有法柜。\n\n你好，请问至圣所是什么？", - "你好，Human！至圣所（Holy of Holies）是古代耶路撒冷圣殿中最里面也是最神圣的地方。它位于圣殿的西端，通常只有祭司长才可以进入，而且一年只能进入一次，这一天被称为赎罪日。至圣所的入口处有一座镀金的雪松木祭坛。在第一圣殿时期，至圣所内珍藏着法柜。所以这个地方被视为极为神圣，需要特别尊重。" + "至圣所（Holy of Holies）是古代耶路撒冷圣殿中最里面也是最神圣的地方。它位于圣殿的西端，通常只有祭司长才可以进入，而且一年只能进入一次，这一天被称为赎罪日。至圣所的入口处有一座镀金的雪松木祭坛。在第一圣殿时期，至圣所内珍藏着法柜。所以这个地方被视为极为神圣，需要特别尊重。" ], [ "请解释一下什么是赎罪日，它为什么重要？", @@ -148654,7 +148654,7 @@ "history": [ [ "反射reflex生物学中对刺激的一种机械性的天生反应，包括通过神经细胞传向肌肉或腺体的非意识性神经反应。简单的反射包括吮吸、吞咽、眨眼、抓痒和膝盖痉挛。多数反射都由许多相关肌肉的运动组成的复杂的模式构成，并形成许多动物的条件反射。例如：行走、站立、猫的扶正反射以及基本的性动作等。\n\n你好，你可以简单地解释一下什么是生物学中的反射吗？", - "你好，Human！生物学中的反射（reflex）是生物对刺激的一种机械性的天生反应。在这一过程中，感受到特定刺激的神经细胞会向肌肉或腺体发送信号，从而产生非意识性的神经反应。这种反应不需要通过大脑进行加工，而是直接通过神经系统完成。例如，当我们碰到一个热的物体，我们会立刻把手抽回。" + "生物学中的反射（reflex）是生物对刺激的一种机械性的天生反应。在这一过程中，感受到特定刺激的神经细胞会向肌肉或腺体发送信号，从而产生非意识性的神经反应。这种反应不需要通过大脑进行加工，而是直接通过神经系统完成。例如，当我们碰到一个热的物体，我们会立刻把手抽回。" ], [ "请给我举几个简单反射的例子。", @@ -149054,7 +149054,7 @@ "history": [ [ "眼镜eyeglasses镶入框架、戴在眼前方以提高视力或矫正视力缺陷（参阅ophthalmology和optometry）的透镜。矫正远视和近视的用法见于中世纪后期。1784年富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）发明了双焦点眼镜；他把镜片分为视远和视近两部分，用镜架固定在一起。眼镜也可以矫正散光。大多数镜片是用玻璃或塑胶（比玻璃亮和不易碎但容易有刮痕）制成。太阳镜的镜片带有颜色，可以减少透过的光线，防止炫目。亦请参阅contact lens。\n\n请问中世纪后期的眼镜是如何矫正近视和远视的呢？", - "你好，Human！中世纪后期的眼镜矫正近视和远视主要是通过选择不同曲率的透镜来实现的。近视眼镜使用凹透镜，这种镜片能把聚焦点由眼睛前方移至视网膜上，帮助近视者看清远处物体。而远视眼镜使用凸透镜，这种镜片能把聚焦点由眼睛后方移至视网膜上，帮助远视者看清近处物体。" + "中世纪后期的眼镜矫正近视和远视主要是通过选择不同曲率的透镜来实现的。近视眼镜使用凹透镜，这种镜片能把聚焦点由眼睛前方移至视网膜上，帮助近视者看清远处物体。而远视眼镜使用凸透镜，这种镜片能把聚焦点由眼睛后方移至视网膜上，帮助远视者看清近处物体。" ], [ "哦，明白了。那么双焦点眼镜又是怎么发明的呢？", @@ -149421,7 +149421,7 @@ "history": [ [ "锅炉boiler一种将液体转化为蒸气的装置。组成部分包括烧燃料的炉膛、将燃烧的热量传给水（或其他液体）的受热面和形成水蒸气（或蒸汽）并收集它们的空间。常规锅炉有一个焚烧化石燃料或废弃燃料的炉膛；核反应堆也可用来提供热量。有两类常规蒸汽锅炉：一、火管锅炉，水包围着有炉膛热气通过的钢管；这种锅炉易于安装和操作，广泛用作建筑物供暖和在工业生产中提供动力，也用于蒸汽机车。二、水管锅炉，水在管内，热炉气在管外循环；能产生更多和更热的蒸汽，用于船只和工厂。最大的锅炉装置用在公用事业的中心发电站；其他大型锅炉用于钢铁厂、造纸厂、炼油厂和化工厂等。亦请参阅steam engine。\n\n请问锅炉是用来做什么的？", - "你好，Human！锅炉是一种将液体转化为蒸气的装置。它的主要作用是通过烧燃料（如化石燃料或废弃燃料）或使用核反应堆提供的热量，将这些热量传递给水或其他液体，以生成水蒸气或蒸汽。它们广泛应用于供暖、工业生产、船只推进以及公用事业等领域。其中，火管锅炉和水管锅炉是两类主要的常规蒸汽锅炉。" + "锅炉是一种将液体转化为蒸气的装置。它的主要作用是通过烧燃料（如化石燃料或废弃燃料）或使用核反应堆提供的热量，将这些热量传递给水或其他液体，以生成水蒸气或蒸汽。它们广泛应用于供暖、工业生产、船只推进以及公用事业等领域。其中，火管锅炉和水管锅炉是两类主要的常规蒸汽锅炉。" ], [ "请详细介绍一下火管锅炉和水管锅炉的区别及各自的应用领域？", @@ -149436,7 +149436,7 @@ "history": [ [ "德布西1862～1918年Debussy, (Achille-) Claude法国作曲家。出身贫寒家庭，九岁就显示出钢琴方面的才能，1873年入巴黎音乐学院学习钢琴与作曲，不久即受聘为俄国女富豪梅克夫人（Nadezhda von Meck）的钢琴师。受文学和美术中印象主义和象征主义影响而创造了一种十分独特的和声与音乐结构体系。他反对传统的配器规则，认为弦乐不必以抒情为主，木管也具有人声一样的丰富色彩。在他的音乐中，传统的管弦乐器结构如印象派画中的颜色一样被细分开来，每种乐器几乎成为一个庞大室内乐队里的独奏者。其作品综合了诗、乐、画等多种艺术的因素。德布西被公认是音乐的印象主义（Impressionism）派创建者。他在削弱紧抱着调性和谐的传统方面占有很大的意义，其地位等同于李斯特（F Liszt）、华格纳（R Wagner）和荀白克（A Schoenberg）。受其影响的作曲家有拉威尔（M Ravel）、史特拉汶斯基（I Stravinsky）、巴尔托克（Bela Bartok）、贝尔格（A Berg）、魏本（A Webern）和布莱（P Boulez），他被视为近三百年来最有影响力的法国作曲家。作品包括歌剧《佩利亚斯与梅丽桑德》（Pelléas et Mélisande, 1902）；管弦乐作品《牧神的午后序曲》（Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun, 1894）、《夜曲》（Nocturnes, 1899）、《海》（La mer, 1905）、《意象》（Images, 1912）和芭蕾舞曲《嬉戏》（Jeux, 1913）；一首管弦四重奏（1893）；钢琴组曲《埃斯唐皮》（Estampes, 1903）、《意象》（Images, 1905、1907）、《儿童乐园》（Children's Corner, 1908）、二十四首《前奏曲》（Préludes, 1910、1913）、十二首《练习曲》（études, 1915），以及许多歌曲。\n\n我了解到了一些关于德布西的信息，想请教你一些问题。", - "你好，Human。请问你想了解什么关于德布西的问题呢？我会尽我所能帮助你。" + "请问你想了解什么关于德布西的问题呢？我会尽我所能帮助你。" ], [ "德布西的作品风格受到了哪些艺术流派的影响？", @@ -150056,7 +150056,7 @@ "history": [ [ "加富尔1810～1861年Cavour, Camillo Benso, conte (Count) di义大利政治人物，复兴运动的首脑。出生于皮埃蒙特的杜林，早年即受革命思想影响。到巴黎和伦敦游历后，1847年创建了《复兴运动报》，劝说国王阿尔伯特颁布自由宪法。1848年选入国会，在未担任皮埃蒙特的首相（1852～1859,1860～1861）前掌控一些内阁席位。他利用了国际竞争情势和革命运动使义大利统一在萨伏依王室下，1861年他担任新王国的首相。\n\n请问加富尔是谁？", - "你好，Human！加富尔（Cavour, Camillo Benso, conte di）是一位意大利政治人物，他生活在1810年至1861年。作为复兴运动的首脑，加富尔在意大利的统一过程中发挥了关键作用。他出生在皮埃蒙特的杜林，早年受到了革命思想的影响。他曾经到过巴黎和伦敦游历，并在1847年创建了《复兴运动报》，旨在劝说国王阿尔伯特颁布自由宪法。随后在1848年，他进入国会并在成为皮埃蒙特首相（1852～1859,1860～1861）之前掌握了一些内阁职位。通过利用国际竞争和革命运动，他促成了意大利统一在萨伏依王室下，并在1861年担任新成立王国的首相。" + "加富尔（Cavour, Camillo Benso, conte di）是一位意大利政治人物，他生活在1810年至1861年。作为复兴运动的首脑，加富尔在意大利的统一过程中发挥了关键作用。他出生在皮埃蒙特的杜林，早年受到了革命思想的影响。他曾经到过巴黎和伦敦游历，并在1847年创建了《复兴运动报》，旨在劝说国王阿尔伯特颁布自由宪法。随后在1848年，他进入国会并在成为皮埃蒙特首相（1852～1859,1860～1861）之前掌握了一些内阁职位。通过利用国际竞争和革命运动，他促成了意大利统一在萨伏依王室下，并在1861年担任新成立王国的首相。" ], [ "加富尔在《复兴运动报》中具体提倡了哪些观点？", @@ -150217,7 +150217,7 @@ "history": [ [ "林伽派Lingayat印度教教派，以湿婆为唯一神只。流行于印度南部。因该派男女信徒都在颈部用绳子系带小林伽像而得名。林伽派信奉单一神只，他们视守贞专奉（bhakti）为一种本能的、喜爱神的观念显然受到罗摩奴阇的影响。他们排拒崇拜梵天，以及否认「吠陀」的权威；还反对童婚和虐待寡妇，这种立场是19世纪社会改革运动的先声。\n\n你好，我想了解一下林伽派Lingayat教派的基本信仰和哪里比较流行？", - "你好，Human！林伽派Lingayat是一个印度教教派，他们信奉湿婆为唯一神。这个教派主要流行于印度南部地区。林伽派信仰单一神祇，并且对守贞专奉（bhakti）有着重视。他们的信仰观念受到了罗摩奴阇的影响。希望这个回答能帮助你了解林伽派教派的基本信仰和地理分布。" + "林伽派Lingayat是一个印度教教派，他们信奉湿婆为唯一神。这个教派主要流行于印度南部地区。林伽派信仰单一神祇，并且对守贞专奉（bhakti）有着重视。他们的信仰观念受到了罗摩奴阇的影响。希望这个回答能帮助你了解林伽派教派的基本信仰和地理分布。" ], [ "为什么这个教派叫林伽派呢？他们有什么特殊的标志？", @@ -150255,7 +150255,7 @@ "history": [ [ "图盖拉河Tugela River南非夸祖鲁／纳塔尔省主要河流。发源于苏尔斯山高地，向下流948公尺形成一连串的瀑布切割成图盖拉峡谷。全长502公里，注入印度洋。为1899～1900年南非战争的战场。历史上，图盖拉为祖鲁兰南部边境的标记。\n\n你好，我想了解一下南非的图盖拉河，它是南非的一个重要河流吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，图盖拉河（Tugela River）是南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省的主要河流。这条河流全长502公里，最终注入印度洋。它发源于苏尔斯山高地，向下流过程中的落差高达948米，形成了一连串的瀑布，同时也切割出了壮观的图盖拉峡谷。在历史上，图盖拉河还曾作为祖鲁兰南部边境的标记。由于这里丰富的自然景观和地理特点，这条河流在南非地区具有很高的地位。" + "是的，图盖拉河（Tugela River）是南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省的主要河流。这条河流全长502公里，最终注入印度洋。它发源于苏尔斯山高地，向下流过程中的落差高达948米，形成了一连串的瀑布，同时也切割出了壮观的图盖拉峡谷。在历史上，图盖拉河还曾作为祖鲁兰南部边境的标记。由于这里丰富的自然景观和地理特点，这条河流在南非地区具有很高的地位。" ], [ "哇，听起来很壮观。请问在1899-1900年南非战争期间，图盖拉河的周边地区发生了哪些战斗？", @@ -150407,7 +150407,7 @@ "history": [ [ "贝利尼1801～1835年Bellini, Vincenzo义大利作曲家。出身西西里音乐世家，在那不勒斯音乐学校受教育。二十四岁时写了第一部歌剧，三十三岁去世前还完成了九部。最着名的是《海盗》（1827）、《卡普列蒂家族和蒙太基家族》（1830）、《梦游女》（1831）、《诺尔马》（1831）和《清教徒》（1835）。他的作品主要依靠优美的声乐旋律（「美声唱法」），在受欢迎的程度上，可与同时代的罗西尼和董尼才第相媲美。\n\n你好。贝利尼是一位著名的意大利作曲家，他的音乐作品有哪些典型的特点？", - "你好，Human。贝利尼的音乐作品以优美的声乐旋律著称，他所创作的歌剧主要运用了「美声唱法」。这种唱法注重歌唱者的嗓音、技巧和情感表达，能够使观众沉浸在歌剧故事中。因此，贝利尼的作品在受欢迎程度上与同时期的罗西尼和董尼才第相媲美。" + "贝利尼的音乐作品以优美的声乐旋律著称，他所创作的歌剧主要运用了「美声唱法」。这种唱法注重歌唱者的嗓音、技巧和情感表达，能够使观众沉浸在歌剧故事中。因此，贝利尼的作品在受欢迎程度上与同时期的罗西尼和董尼才第相媲美。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。那能否谈谈贝利尼的生平及其受过的音乐教育？", @@ -150755,7 +150755,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿提斯Attis众神之母（Great Mother of the Gods）。对此神的崇拜源出于古代小亚细亚的弗里吉亚地区，后来传到罗马帝国各地。2世纪成为太阳神，每年庆祝春回大地的活动，就是崇拜此神及众神之母的仪式之一。\n\n你好，请问阿提斯Attis是什么时候出现的？", - "你好，Human！阿提斯（Attis）是一个起源于古代小亚细亚的弗里吉亚地区的神祇，他在公元前数千年的时期成为了弗里吉亚文化的一部分。后来，在罗马帝国时期，关于阿提斯的崇拜传播到了许多地区。这位神祇与众神之母的故事体现了对生命与重生的崇敬。" + "阿提斯（Attis）是一个起源于古代小亚细亚的弗里吉亚地区的神祇，他在公元前数千年的时期成为了弗里吉亚文化的一部分。后来，在罗马帝国时期，关于阿提斯的崇拜传播到了许多地区。这位神祇与众神之母的故事体现了对生命与重生的崇敬。" ], [ "阿提斯和众神之母之间有什么关系呢？", @@ -150789,7 +150789,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海斯利特1778～1830年Hazlitt, William英国散文家。原本学习当牧师，但为摆脱贫穷而成为多产的评论家、散文家和演讲人。他开始为一些刊物撰稿（尤其是亨特的《检查者》），出论文集，以《圆桌》（1817）最出名。还将一些讲稿收集成书如《有关英国诗人的讲演》（1818）和《英国喜剧作家》（1819）等。另外还写了许多优美的散文，最有名的两部是《席间闲谈》（1821）和《直言者》（1826）。1825年发表最打动人心的作品《时代的精神》。\n\n你好，请问海斯利特是在哪个年代活跃的作家？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，海斯利特（William Hazlitt）活跃于1778年至1830年，他是一位英国籍的散文家。" + "根据提供的信息，海斯利特（William Hazlitt）活跃于1778年至1830年，他是一位英国籍的散文家。" ], [ "他曾经梦想成为什么职业，并且为什么放弃了这个梦想？", @@ -150972,7 +150972,7 @@ "history": [ [ "英国皇家海军Royal Navy英国海军组织。在英国，首次使用有组织的海上力量的人是阿佛列大帝，他派遣舰只抵御北欧海盗的入侵。16世纪，亨利八世组成了一支装备大型火炮的舰队，并建立海军管理机构。在伊莉莎白一世的领导下，海军发展成为英国主要的防御力量，并成为英帝国全球扩张的手段。查理二世将海上力量定名为皇家海军。18世纪中，皇家海军与法国海军为争夺海上霸权进行了漫长的斗争。在英国抵御拿破仑的战争中，皇家海军发挥了关键作用。在19世纪剩下的岁月里，皇家海军有助于维持所谓英国式的和平，即依赖于英国海上霸权的长期相对和平局面。直到20世纪中叶它仍然是世界上最强大的海军。两次世界大战中，它在保护船只免遭潜艇袭击上表现活跃。今日则保持着一支装备核子武器的潜艇部队和许多水面舰艇。\n\n请问英国皇家海军是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human。英国皇家海军的历史可以追溯到公元9世纪，在当时阿佛列大帝为抵抗北欧海盗入侵而首次动员了有组织的海上力量。然而，直到16世纪亨利八世时期，英国皇家海军建立了海军管理机构，并开始组建装备大型火炮的舰队。所以，英国皇家海军的成立可以说是一个漫长的过程，但在16世纪亨利八世时期开始正式形成。" + "英国皇家海军的历史可以追溯到公元9世纪，在当时阿佛列大帝为抵抗北欧海盗入侵而首次动员了有组织的海上力量。然而，直到16世纪亨利八世时期，英国皇家海军建立了海军管理机构，并开始组建装备大型火炮的舰队。所以，英国皇家海军的成立可以说是一个漫长的过程，但在16世纪亨利八世时期开始正式形成。" ], [ "谁是使英国皇家海军发展成为英国主要防御力量的领导人？", @@ -151037,7 +151037,7 @@ "history": [ [ "离氨酸lysine一种基本的氨基酸，存在于许多常见的蛋白质中。它在许多重要粮食作物（包括小麦和玉米）中的含量很小，因此以这些谷物作为唯一食物蛋白质来源的居民就会导致离氨酸缺乏症，影响儿童的发育成长以及成人的整体健康。离氨酸用于生化和营养研究、药品、增强食品，并作为营养补充和饲料添加剂。\n\n请问离氨酸lysine在糖水中能否长时间保存？", - "你好，Human！离氨酸在糖水中的稳定性取决于糖水的浓度、温度及保存方式。这里暂无具体数据支持。但是，一般来说，如果糖水的温度和浓度适中，且存放在一个干燥、阴凉的环境中，那么离氨酸在糖水中的保存时间会相对较长。需要注意的是，为了避免营养流失，建议您在需要时现场配置这种溶液。" + "离氨酸在糖水中的稳定性取决于糖水的浓度、温度及保存方式。这里暂无具体数据支持。但是，一般来说，如果糖水的温度和浓度适中，且存放在一个干燥、阴凉的环境中，那么离氨酸在糖水中的保存时间会相对较长。需要注意的是，为了避免营养流失，建议您在需要时现场配置这种溶液。" ], [ "进一步了解离氨酸的功能，它在人体内主要起到什么作用？", @@ -151140,7 +151140,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克拉伦登伯爵1609～1674年Clarendon, Earl of原名Edward Hyde英格兰政治家和历史学家。原为杰出律师，在文学圈亦颇负盛名。进入国会后，成为查理一世的顾问，劝国王采取温和政策，但不能避免英国内战的爆发。他促成查理二世的复辟，1661年被封为伯爵。担任大法官期间（1660～1667），控制了大部分行政事务。由于他公开批评国王道德败坏，破坏了他们之间旧有的情谊，议会也决定以他作为英荷战争（1665）的代罪羔羊。1667年8月他被免去大法官的职位后来流亡至法国，度过余生，在那里完成《英国叛乱和内战史》。\n\n请问克拉伦登伯爵在英国历史上的地位如何？", - "你好，Human！克拉伦登伯爵（Clarendon, Earl of，本名Edward Hyde）在英国历史上是一位重要的政治家和历史学家。他曾是一位杰出的律师，在文学界也颇具盛名。作为查理一世的顾问，他劝导国王采取温和政策，然而无法阻止英国内战的爆发。克拉伦登伯爵还积极推动了查理二世的复辟，在1661年被封为伯爵并担任大法官。然而，由于他公开批评国王的道德败坏，他的政治生涯逐渐走向了低谷。最终，他流亡至法国，在那里度过余生并完成了《英国叛乱和内战史》这部著作。因此，克拉伦登伯爵在英国历史上具有一定的影响力和地位。" + "克拉伦登伯爵（Clarendon, Earl of，本名Edward Hyde）在英国历史上是一位重要的政治家和历史学家。他曾是一位杰出的律师，在文学界也颇具盛名。作为查理一世的顾问，他劝导国王采取温和政策，然而无法阻止英国内战的爆发。克拉伦登伯爵还积极推动了查理二世的复辟，在1661年被封为伯爵并担任大法官。然而，由于他公开批评国王的道德败坏，他的政治生涯逐渐走向了低谷。最终，他流亡至法国，在那里度过余生并完成了《英国叛乱和内战史》这部著作。因此，克拉伦登伯爵在英国历史上具有一定的影响力和地位。" ], [ "在政治方面，他对英国历史的影响有什么主要的方面？", @@ -151502,7 +151502,7 @@ "history": [ [ "李斯德1815～1906年Lister, Samuel Cunliffe受封为马沙姆男爵（Baron Masham (of Swinton)）英国发明家。1945年发明的羊毛精梳机促使衣服的价格有所下降，且对澳大利亚的养羊业有极大促进。他的另一发明（1865?），可以用废丝产出能与好蚕茧制品媲美的丝制品，还能以比成本高出许多倍的价格出售这些丝制品。他于1878年左右发明的编织绒毛织物的丝绒织布机是另一重大发明。\n\n你好，请告诉我关于李斯德的一些基本信息。", - "你好，Human! 李斯德（Samuel Cunliffe Lister）是一位英国发明家，他活跃于19世纪，出生于1815年，逝世于1906年。由于他的杰出贡献，他被封为马沙姆男爵。他的发明使得羊毛加工和纺织行业得到了很大的推进，从而降低了衣物的价格。此外，他的发明对澳大利亚的养羊业也产生了积极的影响。" + "李斯德（Samuel Cunliffe Lister）是一位英国发明家，他活跃于19世纪，出生于1815年，逝世于1906年。由于他的杰出贡献，他被封为马沙姆男爵。他的发明使得羊毛加工和纺织行业得到了很大的推进，从而降低了衣物的价格。此外，他的发明对澳大利亚的养羊业也产生了积极的影响。" ], [ "请详细讲讲羊毛精梳机这个发明。", @@ -151749,7 +151749,7 @@ "history": [ [ "激进派radical政治上指要求对部分或全部社会秩序实行激烈变革的人。1797年福克斯要求实行包括成年男子享有普选权在内的「激进的改革」时，首先用了这个词（该词出自拉丁文的「根」，意味着从系统的根部开始改变）。法国在1848年以前，把共和党人以及主张男性普选权的人称作激进派。后来这个词用于马克思主义者（参阅Marxism），他们主张根本的社会变革，消除社会的阶级划分。作为大众用词，激进派指的是政治极端主义，不必一定使用暴力，而且既可用于左派，也可用于右派。\n\n我想请教一下关于激进派的一些内容，可以吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以，我会根据你的问题为你提供详尽的解答。请随时告诉我你想了解的问题。" + "当然可以，我会根据你的问题为你提供详尽的解答。请随时告诉我你想了解的问题。" ], [ "请问激进派这个词是怎么来的？", @@ -152031,7 +152031,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蜣螂dung beetle即屎壳郎。鞘翅目金龟亚科昆虫。用铲状的头和桨状的触角把粪便滚成一个球。虫体厂长5～30公厘。初夏时蜣螂把自己和粪球埋在地下土室内，并以之为食。稍后，雌体在粪球中产卵，孵出的幼虫也以此为食。虫体一般呈圆形，鞘翅短，腹部末端露出。在24小时内吃的食物可超过本身的体重。因为能加速使粪便转变为其他生物能利用的物质的过程，所以对人类有益。\n\n你好，请问蜣螂是什么样的昆虫？", - "你好，Human！蜣螂，又称dung beetle或屎壳郎，属于鞘翅目金龟亚科的昆虫。它们的身体呈圆形，长约5～30毫米。蜣螂有铲状的头和桨状的触角，它们以粪便为食，能将粪便滚成一个球形物。在初夏时节，蜣螂会把自己和粪球埋在地下土室内，稍后雌蜣螂在粪球中产卵，孵化出的幼虫同样以粪便为食。蜣螂有助于加速粪便转化为其他生物能利用的物质的过程，因此对人类有益。" + "蜣螂，又称dung beetle或屎壳郎，属于鞘翅目金龟亚科的昆虫。它们的身体呈圆形，长约5～30毫米。蜣螂有铲状的头和桨状的触角，它们以粪便为食，能将粪便滚成一个球形物。在初夏时节，蜣螂会把自己和粪球埋在地下土室内，稍后雌蜣螂在粪球中产卵，孵化出的幼虫同样以粪便为食。蜣螂有助于加速粪便转化为其他生物能利用的物质的过程，因此对人类有益。" ], [ "蜣螂为什么会把粪便滚成球状呢？", @@ -152688,7 +152688,7 @@ "history": [ [ "猎鸥jaeger贼鸥科贼鸥属的3种海鸟。掠夺性鸟类，形似鸥，具一向前倾的黑顶和中央突出的尾羽。有两种色型︰全褐色或上体褐色下体白色（较常见）。营巢于北极冻原，而后飞向大海，许多远至澳大利亚和纽西兰。在海上自己捕捉鱼类，但在沿海滨营巢时会迫使燕鸥和三趾吐出食物，也伤害其他海鸟卵和幼雏，并捕捉陆地鸟类和啮齿动物。体长35～50公分。在英国，猎鸥也称作贼鸥。\n\n请问猎鸥jaeger贼鸥科贼鸥属的3种海鸟有什么特点？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，猎鸥jaeger贼鸥科贼鸥属的3种海鸟具有以下特点：1. 掠夺性鸟类，形似鸥。2. 具有一向前倾的黑顶和中央突出的尾羽。3. 有两种色型：全褐色或上体褐色下体白色（较常见）。这些特点使得它们在捕食以及适应环境方面具有优势，在海洋和沿海环境中能够繁衍生存。" + "根据你提供的信息，猎鸥jaeger贼鸥科贼鸥属的3种海鸟具有以下特点：1. 掠夺性鸟类，形似鸥。2. 具有一向前倾的黑顶和中央突出的尾羽。3. 有两种色型：全褐色或上体褐色下体白色（较常见）。这些特点使得它们在捕食以及适应环境方面具有优势，在海洋和沿海环境中能够繁衍生存。" ], [ "它们的繁殖和栖息地是什么样的？", @@ -153344,7 +153344,7 @@ "history": [ [ "猴谜树monkey puzzle tree南洋杉科常绿乔木，学名为Araucaria araucana。可供观赏和材用，原产南美安地斯山脉。株高达45公尺，直径15公尺。叶坚硬、重叠、顶端针状，在坚挺的枝上螺旋排列，形成一缠结多刺的网，阻止动物攀缘。诺福克岛松为其近缘种。\n\n请问猴谜树是什么树？有什么特点？", - "你好，Human。猴谜树（学名：Araucaria araucana），又叫南洋杉，是一种原产于南美安地斯山脉的常绿乔木。它的株高可达45公尺，直径15公尺，具有观赏和材用价值。猴谜树的叶子特点是坚硬、重叠、顶端呈针状。这些叶子会在坚挺的枝上螺旋排列，形成一缠结多刺的网，从而阻止动物攀缘。它的近缘种是诺福克岛松。" + "猴谜树（学名：Araucaria araucana），又叫南洋杉，是一种原产于南美安地斯山脉的常绿乔木。它的株高可达45公尺，直径15公尺，具有观赏和材用价值。猴谜树的叶子特点是坚硬、重叠、顶端呈针状。这些叶子会在坚挺的枝上螺旋排列，形成一缠结多刺的网，从而阻止动物攀缘。它的近缘种是诺福克岛松。" ], [ "猴谜树它的果实和种子是什么样子？可以食用吗？", @@ -153401,7 +153401,7 @@ "history": [ [ "莫奇利1907～1980年Mauchly, John W(illiam)美国物理学家和工程师。大学一毕业就成为宾夕法尼亚大学的教师。第二次世界大战期间，美国陆军请他和埃克脱（J P Eckert）一起设计快速计算火炮射击资料的方法，结果他们研制出了电子数值积分电脑（ENIAC）。他们在1948年成立了一家电脑制造公司，1949年研制出二进位自动计算器（BINAC），用磁带代替穿孔卡片来存储资料。他们制造出的第三台电脑，即通用自动计算器（UNIVAC I），是为处理商业资料而设计的。\n\n你好，你能告诉我莫奇利具体是什么时候出生的吗？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，莫奇利（John W. Mauchly）出生于1907年。他是一位美国物理学家和工程师，对计算机科学发展做出了很大贡献。" + "根据提供的信息，莫奇利（John W. Mauchly）出生于1907年。他是一位美国物理学家和工程师，对计算机科学发展做出了很大贡献。" ], [ "能否详细解释一下ENIAC是怎样的一台计算机？", @@ -153898,7 +153898,7 @@ "history": [ [ "祖鲁人Zulu南非夸祖鲁／纳塔尔省操恩古尼语（Nguni）的一个民族，祖鲁人是南非境内单一最大的黑色人种团体，20世纪晚期约九百五十万人。他们一向是粮农，也养大群牛。19世纪连年战争，欧洲殖民者夺走祖鲁人的牧场和水源。现代祖鲁人由于财产大部分失去，多半依靠在白人农场做工或在城市里工作谋生。祖鲁人主要支持英卡塔自由党。传统的祖鲁宗教基本上是祭祖并信仰创世神和男女巫。现代祖鲁人基督教的特点是在先知的领导下发展自立的教会。\n\n我想了解一下祖鲁人，他们是什么样的民族？", - "你好，Human！祖鲁人是南非夸祖鲁/纳塔尔省的一个民族，讲恩古尼语（Nguni）。他们是南非境内最大的黑色人种团体，20世纪晚期约有九百五十万人。祖鲁人主要从事农业，种植粮食，还养殖大群牛。他们的财产在19世纪走向近代时因连年战争和欧洲殖民者夺走牧场和水源后，大部分失去，目前多依靠在白人农场做工或在城市里工作谋生。" + "祖鲁人是南非夸祖鲁/纳塔尔省的一个民族，讲恩古尼语（Nguni）。他们是南非境内最大的黑色人种团体，20世纪晚期约有九百五十万人。祖鲁人主要从事农业，种植粮食，还养殖大群牛。他们的财产在19世纪走向近代时因连年战争和欧洲殖民者夺走牧场和水源后，大部分失去，目前多依靠在白人农场做工或在城市里工作谋生。" ], [ "祖鲁人有什么宗教信仰？", @@ -154074,7 +154074,7 @@ "history": [ [ "流动性偏好liquidity preference在经济中，指财富持有者将现金或银行存款交换成像政府债券这类安全、不流动的资产时所要求的补偿。最早由凯因斯使用，是指要求拿现金作为资产。他假设，以这种目的持有的现金量会与利率的变化率成反比。后凯因斯学派对流动性偏好分析还发现了影响现金量的其他因素，包括收入水平和各种财富形式的产生。\n\n请问流动性偏好是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。流动性偏好是指财富持有者将现金或银行存款交换成像政府债券这类安全、不流动的资产时所要求的补偿。这个概念是凯因斯经济学派最早提出的，并表示人们对于持有现金作为资产的需求。根据凯因斯的理论，以这种目的持有的现金量会与利率的变化率成反比。也就是说，当利率上升时，人们更倾向于投资于不动的资产，而非持有现金。后来，凯因斯学派进一步对流动性偏好进行了研究，发现了影响现金量的其他因素，包括收入水平和各种财富形式的产生。" + "流动性偏好是指财富持有者将现金或银行存款交换成像政府债券这类安全、不流动的资产时所要求的补偿。这个概念是凯因斯经济学派最早提出的，并表示人们对于持有现金作为资产的需求。根据凯因斯的理论，以这种目的持有的现金量会与利率的变化率成反比。也就是说，当利率上升时，人们更倾向于投资于不动的资产，而非持有现金。后来，凯因斯学派进一步对流动性偏好进行了研究，发现了影响现金量的其他因素，包括收入水平和各种财富形式的产生。" ], [ "那么流动性偏好的影响因素有哪些？", @@ -155598,7 +155598,7 @@ "history": [ [ "色color指可以通过色彩、章度和亮度来描述的任何物体的外观。物理学中，色和可见光波长范围的电磁辐射有特殊的联系，能引起人眼不同的色觉。红光的波长最长，蓝色最短，介于二者之间的依次是橙、黄、绿。通常用来区分色的三种特性是色彩、章度和亮度。色彩是与光谱的各主波长联系的一种属性。章度与相对纯度（即混入色彩的白光量）有关，高章度的色含白光极少甚至不含。亮度表示色的强度，以浓淡程度来区分。色彩和章度合称色品；因此一种色可用它的色品和亮度来表征。红、绿、蓝称为三原色，将三色以不同量的混合便可得出其他所有的颜色。所谓相加就是把光谱的一些部分混合进去，而相减是指把光谱的某些部分消除或吸收掉。如果色相加组合成白色或相减而混合成黑色时，就称为互补色。\n\n你好，请问什么是色彩？", - "你好，Human！色彩是与光谱的各主波长联系的一种属性。在物理学中，色彩和可见光波长范围的电磁辐射有特殊联系，能引起人眼不同的色觉。例如，红光的波长最长，蓝色最短。当我们看到一个物体的颜色时，我们实际上是感受到了物体反射或发射出来的光的特定波长。" + "色彩是与光谱的各主波长联系的一种属性。在物理学中，色彩和可见光波长范围的电磁辐射有特殊联系，能引起人眼不同的色觉。例如，红光的波长最长，蓝色最短。当我们看到一个物体的颜色时，我们实际上是感受到了物体反射或发射出来的光的特定波长。" ], [ "为什么红、绿、蓝被称为三原色？", @@ -155961,7 +155961,7 @@ "history": [ [ "张伯伦1863～1943年Chamberlain, Charles Joseph美国植物学家。研究了凤尾蕉（一类原始裸子植物，兼具蕨类及球果植物的结构特征）形态及生活周期，并据此提出种子植物的胚珠和胚胎演化过程的假说，推测被子植物起源于凤尾蕉。1897～1931年在芝加哥大学任职，组织并领导了植物实验室。他在墨西哥、澳大利亚、纽西兰、南非和古巴采集了大量植物，芝加哥大学的温室中培育的现存凤尾蕉品种之多，在世界居于首位，直到他去世十年之内仍然举世无双。\n\n你好，请告诉我关于张伯伦这位美国植物学家的主要研究领域以及他生活的年代。", - "你好，Human！张伯伦，全名Charles Joseph Chamberlain，生活在1863年至1943年。他是一位美国植物学家，主要研究领域是凤尾蕉，这是一类原始裸子植物，兼具蕨类及球果植物的结构特征。他对凤尾蕉的形态和生活周期进行了研究，并据此提出了种子植物胚珠和胚胎演化的过程假说。他猜测被子植物的起源与凤尾蕉有关。" + "张伯伦，全名Charles Joseph Chamberlain，生活在1863年至1943年。他是一位美国植物学家，主要研究领域是凤尾蕉，这是一类原始裸子植物，兼具蕨类及球果植物的结构特征。他对凤尾蕉的形态和生活周期进行了研究，并据此提出了种子植物胚珠和胚胎演化的过程假说。他猜测被子植物的起源与凤尾蕉有关。" ], [ "张伯伦在哪里工作过？他在那里取得了哪些成就？", @@ -156003,7 +156003,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡罗维发利Karlovy Vary德语作卡尔斯巴德（Karlsbad或Carlsbad）捷克共和国西部城市（1994年人口约55,900）。为富有带硫化物的矿泉疗养胜地，1358年由神圣罗马皇帝查理四世在此开发温泉。1819年的卡尔斯巴德决议是在这里起草的。\n\n请问卡罗维发利是捷克的哪个城市？它有什么特别之处？", - "你好，Human。卡罗维发利（Karlovy Vary），又译卡尔斯巴德，是捷克共和国西部的一个城市。这个城市是个富有带硫化物的矿泉疗养胜地。它的特别之处在于温泉资源丰富，这些温泉资源可以追溯到神圣罗马皇帝查理四世在1358年时期开发。因此，卡罗维发利以其丰富的温泉资源和历史文化背景闻名于世。" + "卡罗维发利（Karlovy Vary），又译卡尔斯巴德，是捷克共和国西部的一个城市。这个城市是个富有带硫化物的矿泉疗养胜地。它的特别之处在于温泉资源丰富，这些温泉资源可以追溯到神圣罗马皇帝查理四世在1358年时期开发。因此，卡罗维发利以其丰富的温泉资源和历史文化背景闻名于世。" ], [ "能把卡尔斯巴德决议简单介绍下吗？", @@ -156296,7 +156296,7 @@ "history": [ [ "苦行tapas指为了获得精神法力或赎罪而刻苦修行实践。在印度教中，苦行与瑜伽都是净化身体，为寻求解放准备进行更严格的精神实践方法之一。在耆那教中，苦行是通过阻止新的业形成和摆脱旧的业，从而破坏轮回规律。苦行包括多种手段，其中包括禁食、屏息、保持困难痛苦的姿势等，一些萨图人（参阅sadhu and swami）甚至还采取更加极端的形式，他们中的许多人由此获得不同寻常的能力或丧失能力，并以此求得施舍。\n\n根据这段关于苦行的信息，请告诉我，在印度教和耆那教这两个宗教中，苦行分别是为了达成什么目的呢？", - "你好，Human！在印度教中，苦行是为了净化身体和寻求解放，作为进行更严格精神实践的一种方法。而在耆那教中，苦行的目的是通过阻止新的业形成和摆脱旧的业，从而破坏轮回规律。两种宗教的苦行实践虽有不同，但都是为了达到精神上的提升和解脱。" + "在印度教中，苦行是为了净化身体和寻求解放，作为进行更严格精神实践的一种方法。而在耆那教中，苦行的目的是通过阻止新的业形成和摆脱旧的业，从而破坏轮回规律。两种宗教的苦行实践虽有不同，但都是为了达到精神上的提升和解脱。" ], [ "那么，为了进行苦行，人们都采取哪些修行方法呢？", @@ -156735,7 +156735,7 @@ "history": [ [ "恩索尔1860～1949年Ensor, James (Sydney)受封为恩索尔男爵（Baron Ensor）比利时画家和版画家。在布鲁塞尔学习绘画，大部分时间在其故乡奥斯坦德（Ostend）度过。1883年加入一个进步画家的组织「二十人社」（Les Vingt），开始描写开始描写幻想形象，如骷髅、幽灵和可怕的假面具等。其作品《基督降临布鲁塞尔》（Entry of Christ into Brussels, 1888），以涂抹、炫目色彩绘之，引起愤慨。一些负面的评论使得他变得更为愤世嫉俗，最后终于使得他成为隐士。1929年《基督降临布鲁塞尔》第一次公开展出时，国王阿尔贝特（King Albert）晋封他为从男爵。恩索尔是对表现主义构成影响的人物之一。\n\n你好，请问你对恩索尔这位艺术家有什么了解？", - "你好，Human！恩索尔，全名James Sydney Ensor，是一位比利时画家和版画家，生活在1860年至1949年。他在布鲁塞尔学习绘画，但大部分时间都是在故乡奥斯坦德度过。1883年，他加入了一个名为“二十人社”的前卫画家组织，并开始创作描绘幻想形象的作品，如骷髅、幽灵和恐怖的面具等。他的作品风格对表现主义产生了一定影响。" + "恩索尔，全名James Sydney Ensor，是一位比利时画家和版画家，生活在1860年至1949年。他在布鲁塞尔学习绘画，但大部分时间都是在故乡奥斯坦德度过。1883年，他加入了一个名为“二十人社”的前卫画家组织，并开始创作描绘幻想形象的作品，如骷髅、幽灵和恐怖的面具等。他的作品风格对表现主义产生了一定影响。" ], [ "请问他的作品《基督降临布鲁塞尔》什么时候创作的，有什么特点？", @@ -157033,7 +157033,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克尔罗伊特1733～1806年K?lreuter, Josef Gottlieb德国植物学家。研究植物杂交的先驱，他首先对植物性别这项发现（1694年由卡梅拉里乌斯发现）的科学应用作了研究开发。他栽种植物来研究它们的繁殖和发展，进行了许多实验，特别对烟草植物。他引入了人工受精和种间杂交来得到可繁衍的新品种。他的实验结果为孟德尔的研究工作开辟了道路。克尔罗伊特认识到昆虫和风作为传粉媒介的重要性。他把林奈的性系统分类法应用于较低等的植物。直到他去世后很久，他的工作才得到承认。\n\n请问克尔罗伊特是谁？", - "你好，Human！克尔罗伊特（1733-1806），全名Josef Gottlieb Kölreuter，是一位德国植物学家。他是研究植物杂交的先驱，他首先对植物性别这项发现的科学应用进行了研究开发。他成功进行了许多植物杂交实验，为后来孟德尔的研究工作奠定了基础。" + "克尔罗伊特（1733-1806），全名Josef Gottlieb Kölreuter，是一位德国植物学家。他是研究植物杂交的先驱，他首先对植物性别这项发现的科学应用进行了研究开发。他成功进行了许多植物杂交实验，为后来孟德尔的研究工作奠定了基础。" ], [ "进一步介绍一下克尔罗伊特的植物杂交研究吧。", @@ -157278,7 +157278,7 @@ "history": [ [ "米兰达1750～1816年Miranda, Francisco de委内瑞拉革命家，致力于为他的国家的独立铺平道路。他参加了西班牙军队，但于1783年逃去美国，在那儿他遇到了美国革命的领导人，确定了南美解放的计画，并设想用印加皇帝和两院制的立法机关来统治它。1806年他发动了对委内瑞拉的进攻，但未成功。在1810年应玻利瓦尔的请求再次作战。1811年宣告独立后他采行独裁，但屈服于西班牙的反攻之下，并签署了休战书。其他革命领导人目睹他投降的行为，挫败了他逃跑的企图。后死于一个西班牙的监狱里。\n\n你好，请问你对Francisco de Miranda有什么了解吗？", - "你好，Human！Francisco de Miranda（1750-1816年）是一位委内瑞拉革命家，他为委内瑞拉的独立做出了重要贡献。他曾加入过西班牙军队，后来在1783年逃到美国。在那里，他结识了美国革命的领导人，确立了南美解放的计划，并设想将印加皇帝和两院制的立法机关作为统治体系。但他试图发动对委内瑞拉的进攻的尝试并没有成功。在1810年，他应玻利瓦尔的请求再次参战，但在宣告独立后采取独裁行政方式，最终未能抵挡西班牙的反攻，并被迫签署休战协定。他的投降行为让其他革命领导人失望，导致他逃亡计划失败，最后去世于西班牙的一座监狱。" + "Francisco de Miranda（1750-1816年）是一位委内瑞拉革命家，他为委内瑞拉的独立做出了重要贡献。他曾加入过西班牙军队，后来在1783年逃到美国。在那里，他结识了美国革命的领导人，确立了南美解放的计划，并设想将印加皇帝和两院制的立法机关作为统治体系。但他试图发动对委内瑞拉的进攻的尝试并没有成功。在1810年，他应玻利瓦尔的请求再次参战，但在宣告独立后采取独裁行政方式，最终未能抵挡西班牙的反攻，并被迫签署休战协定。他的投降行为让其他革命领导人失望，导致他逃亡计划失败，最后去世于西班牙的一座监狱。" ], [ "他在美国结交了哪些美国革命的领导人？", @@ -157499,7 +157499,7 @@ "history": [ [ "橡胶rubber也称天然橡胶（natural rubber）有机化合物，一种富有弹性的聚合物，用取自不同橡胶树或印度橡胶树的乳胶制成。天然橡胶在工业上仍很重要，但现在面临人工合成替代物的竞争（参阅neoprene）。橡胶的用途在于它独特的弹性使其能够变形（伸展）并恢复原形。透过添加硫或另一种交叉链结剂，伴随着加速剂和催化剂的硫化过程（本质上将聚合物的热塑性变为热硬性，参阅plastic）使上述功能成为可能。填充剂和其他一些添加剂的加入使得物体可以用于想要的用途（如透过发泡、定型与漂白）。半数以上的橡胶被用于制造轮胎，其余的主要用于制作皮带、胶管、垫圈、鞋、衣物和玩具。\n\n我想了解一下天然橡胶的主要用途是什么？", - "你好，Human！根据我了解的信息，天然橡胶的主要用途是制造轮胎，大约占到一半以上的用途。此外，天然橡胶还被应用在诸如皮带、胶管、垫圈、鞋、衣物和玩具等产品中。这些用途得益于橡胶独特的弹性，使其可以变形并恢复原形。" + "根据我了解的信息，天然橡胶的主要用途是制造轮胎，大约占到一半以上的用途。此外，天然橡胶还被应用在诸如皮带、胶管、垫圈、鞋、衣物和玩具等产品中。这些用途得益于橡胶独特的弹性，使其可以变形并恢复原形。" ], [ "请告诉我天然橡胶与合成橡胶之间的竞争现状如何？", @@ -158026,7 +158026,7 @@ "history": [ [ "亨利二世1133～1189年Henry II别名安茹的亨利（Henry of Anjou）或金雀花王室的亨利（Henry Plantagenet）。诺曼第公爵（1150年起）、安茹伯爵（1151年起）、亚奎丹公爵（1152年起）和英格兰国王（1154年起）。玛蒂尔达的儿子，亨利一世的外孙。1152年与亚奎丹的埃莉诺结婚，获得了法国大片领土。后来入侵英格兰，英王史蒂芬以同意他为继承人来和解战争。亨利继承王位后，把领土扩张到英格兰北部和法国西部，加强王室管理，并改革宫廷制度。他企图在教会的开支上重申王权（参阅Clarendon, Constitutions of），导致与老朋友坎特伯里大主教贝克特发生严重龃龉，后来因贝克特被杀害而结束纷争，亨利后来在坎特伯里忏悔（1174）。在位期间，王室家族成员的纷争不断，尤其是他的几个儿子为了继承优先权而一再发生阋墙之争，其中包括三子理查一世（狮心王理查）和幼子约翰之间的争斗。理查最后联合法国的腓力二世在1189年把亨利赶下台。\n\n你好，请问亨利二世在哪个时期当上了英格兰国王？", - "你好，Human！亨利二世（Henry II）于1154年成为英格兰国王，他在位直至1189年。在这期间，他不断扩张领土，加强王室管理，并改革宫廷制度。希望这对你有帮助！" + "亨利二世（Henry II）于1154年成为英格兰国王，他在位直至1189年。在这期间，他不断扩张领土，加强王室管理，并改革宫廷制度。希望这对你有帮助！" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么，亨利二世还担任过哪些其他职位呢？", @@ -158068,7 +158068,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大盐湖Great Salt Lake美国犹他州北部湖泊。为西半球最大的内陆咸水湖，也是世界上含盐度最高的湖泊之一。由于蒸发量和注入的河水流量的变动，湖的面积变化极大，面积最大者为1873年和1980年代中期的大约6,200平方公里，1963年时面积小到只有2,460平方公里。中等水量时，深度通常小于45公尺。虽然近年来计画开发湖区的丰富矿产和发展水上体育活动，并建立野生动物保护区，使大盐湖的地位日益重要；但因为周围被大片沙丘、盐碱地和沼泽所包围，至今仍处于隔绝状态。\n\n你好，请问你对美国犹他州的大盐湖有了解吗？", - "你好，Human！当然了解。大盐湖位于美国犹他州北部，是西半球最大的内陆咸水湖，同时也是世界上含盐度最高的湖泊之一。由于蒸发量和注入的河水流量的变动，大盐湖的面积变化很大。在19世纪和20世纪，湖泊的最大面积曾达到约6,200平方公里，而最小面积也曾收缩至2,460平方公里。大盐湖在中等水量时，深度通常小于45米。" + "当然了解。大盐湖位于美国犹他州北部，是西半球最大的内陆咸水湖，同时也是世界上含盐度最高的湖泊之一。由于蒸发量和注入的河水流量的变动，大盐湖的面积变化很大。在19世纪和20世纪，湖泊的最大面积曾达到约6,200平方公里，而最小面积也曾收缩至2,460平方公里。大盐湖在中等水量时，深度通常小于45米。" ], [ "大盐湖周边的地理环境是什么样的呢？", @@ -158486,7 +158486,7 @@ "history": [ [ "类型论types, theory of在逻辑学中，指由罗素和怀德海在他们的《数学原理》（1910～1913）一书中提出的原理，为的是处理由于作为变项的命题函数的非限定使用而产生的逻辑悖论。这一变项的命题函数由其论点的数量和形式来决定（即其包含的明显的变项）。禁止在同类的或较高一类的论点中使用命题函数就可避免在体系内产生悖论。\n\n我最近在研究类型论，请问这个概念是怎样产生的？", - "你好，Human！类型论是由罗素和怀德海在他们的《数学原理》（1910-1913）一书中提出的原理。这个理论主要是为了处理由于变项的命题函数的非限定使用而产生的逻辑悖论。通过区分论点的类型和命题函数的限制，可以避免在体系内产生悖论。这为逻辑学和计算机科学的发展奠定了基础。" + "类型论是由罗素和怀德海在他们的《数学原理》（1910-1913）一书中提出的原理。这个理论主要是为了处理由于变项的命题函数的非限定使用而产生的逻辑悖论。通过区分论点的类型和命题函数的限制，可以避免在体系内产生悖论。这为逻辑学和计算机科学的发展奠定了基础。" ], [ "处理逻辑悖论的类型论是如何起作用的？", @@ -158516,7 +158516,7 @@ "history": [ [ "枢密院Privy Council在历史上，指英国国王的私人委员会。一度权力很大，但今天主要关心颁布王室宪章、管理政府的研究问题，并作为教会和其他较小法院的上诉法院。源于中世纪的一种法庭库里亚（curia，即国王法庭〔curia regis〕），但自17世纪中叶丧失了大部分的司法、政治功能。亦请参阅prerogative court。\n\n你好，请问枢密院Privy Council具体是什么？", - "你好，Human。枢密院Privy Council源于英国历史，是英国国王的私人委员会。它起源于中世纪的国王法庭（curia regis）。在历史上，枢密院曾拥有崇高的权力，不过到了17世纪中叶，它失去了大部分司法和政治功能。现在，枢密院主要关注颁布王室宪章、管理政府的研究问题，并作为教会和其他较小法院的上诉法院。" + "枢密院Privy Council源于英国历史，是英国国王的私人委员会。它起源于中世纪的国王法庭（curia regis）。在历史上，枢密院曾拥有崇高的权力，不过到了17世纪中叶，它失去了大部分司法和政治功能。现在，枢密院主要关注颁布王室宪章、管理政府的研究问题，并作为教会和其他较小法院的上诉法院。" ], [ "枢密院的职责有哪些呢？", @@ -158619,7 +158619,7 @@ "history": [ [ "费奈隆1651～1715年Fénelon, Fran?ois de Salignac de La Mothe-法国天主教大主教、神学家和书信作家。出身于贵族家庭，1676年受神职为司铎。他根据主持新立公教学院的经验，撰写《论女子教育》（1687），观点虽较保守，但不无创见，他支持教育自由，并反对强迫新教教徒改信天主教。1689年任路易十四世之孙的教师，为了教学需要他撰写了最有名的一部作品《泰雷马克历险记》（1699），但这部小说的政治观点似乎触犯了国王路易，把他赶出了宫廷。后来因倾向寂静主义（强调灵魂的无为沈静）而同样遭到教会的谴责。费奈隆在政治和教育的自由观点对法国文化具有长远的影响。\n\n你好，请问费奈隆是谁？", - "你好，Human。费奈隆（Fran?ois de Salignac de La Mothe-Fénelon，1651-1715年）是法国天主教大主教、神学家和书信作家。他出生于一个贵族家庭，并于1676年受神职为司铎。他支持教育自由，反对强迫新教教徒改信天主教。在政治和教育的自由观点上，费奈隆对法国文化具有长远的影响。" + "费奈隆（Fran?ois de Salignac de La Mothe-Fénelon，1651-1715年）是法国天主教大主教、神学家和书信作家。他出生于一个贵族家庭，并于1676年受神职为司铎。他支持教育自由，反对强迫新教教徒改信天主教。在政治和教育的自由观点上，费奈隆对法国文化具有长远的影响。" ], [ "他写过哪些著名的作品？", @@ -158802,7 +158802,7 @@ "history": [ [ "庞加莱1854～1912年Poincaré, (Jules-)Henri法国数学家、理论天文学家、科学哲学家。出生于一个文职人员出身的显赫家庭（参阅Poincare, Raymond），在心算和记忆力方面能力非凡。1879年写作了微分方程式方面的博士论文，随后加入巴黎大学（1881）直到去世。致力于天体力学和数学分析，独立得出了爱因斯坦狭义相对论中的许多结论，并在1906年的一篇关于电子动力学的论文中发表。后来撰写了关于科学与数学的意义与重要性方面的科普书籍。\n\n你好，请问庞加莱是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human！庞加莱（Jules-Henri Poincaré）出生于1854年。他是一位法国数学家、理论天文学家和科学哲学家。" + "庞加莱（Jules-Henri Poincaré）出生于1854年。他是一位法国数学家、理论天文学家和科学哲学家。" ], [ "感谢解答！请问他在什么学科方面取得了卓越成就？", @@ -158932,7 +158932,7 @@ "history": [ [ "索尔伯格1899～1936年Thalberg, Irving G(rant)美国电影制作人。索尔伯格没有接受过大学教育（医生告诉他他患有风湿性心脏病将于三十岁前死亡），后加入环球影片公司，不久就成为好莱坞制片场经理。1925年，索尔伯格受雇于米高梅公司成为制片主任，并有「好莱坞神童」之称。由于其监督剧本的选择和影片的最终剪辑，索尔柏格严格控制了米高梅公司的影片输出，并制作了高品质的影片，如《温波街上的巴雷特家》（1934）、《叛舰喋血记》（1935）和《罗密欧与茱丽叶》（1936）等。他所制作的影片《不听话的玛丽亚塔》（1935）使爱迪（N Eddy）和麦克唐纳（J MacDonald）成为明星。索尔伯格死于肺炎，享年三十七岁。\n\n你好，请问你能给我简要介绍一下索尔伯格是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！索尔伯格（Irving G. Thalberg）是一位知名的美国电影制作人，活跃于1899-1936年。他没有接受过大学教育，因为医生曾告诉他他患有风湿性心脏病，可能会在三十岁前离世。尽管如此，他还是成为了一位成功的制片人，曾在环球影片公司和米高梅公司担任制片主任，被誉为“好莱坞神童”。他严格控制米高梅公司的电影制作，出品了一系列高品质影片，如《温波街上的巴雷特家》、《叛舰喋血记》和《罗密欧与茱丽叶》。索尔伯格因肺炎去世，享年37岁。" + "索尔伯格（Irving G. Thalberg）是一位知名的美国电影制作人，活跃于1899-1936年。他没有接受过大学教育，因为医生曾告诉他他患有风湿性心脏病，可能会在三十岁前离世。尽管如此，他还是成为了一位成功的制片人，曾在环球影片公司和米高梅公司担任制片主任，被誉为“好莱坞神童”。他严格控制米高梅公司的电影制作，出品了一系列高品质影片，如《温波街上的巴雷特家》、《叛舰喋血记》和《罗密欧与茱丽叶》。索尔伯格因肺炎去世，享年37岁。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍。那么索尔伯格在好莱坞取得成功的原因是什么？", @@ -158974,7 +158974,7 @@ { "instruction": "非常感谢你的回答！这次了解到了很多关于Tusculum的有趣信息。再见了。", "input": "", - "output": "非常高兴能够帮助您了解Tusculum这个有趣的古城！如果您还有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时联系我。祝您生活愉快！再见，Human！", + "output": "非常高兴能够帮助您了解Tusculum这个有趣的古城！如果您还有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时联系我。祝您生活愉快！再见！", "history": [ [ "图斯库卢姆Tusculum义大利拉丁姆古城。位于罗马附近，西元前1千纪为拉丁人居住地，当时可能是伊楚利亚人的势力范围。在后来的共和国和帝国时期（西元前1世纪～西元4世纪）是富裕的罗马人喜爱的度假胜地，也是雄辩家西塞罗的故乡。当地的罗马废墟包括一座广场、一座2世纪的竞技场和一座中世纪古堡。\n\n请问你能简单地给我介绍一下Tusculum这个古城吗？", @@ -159409,7 +159409,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电容率permittivity通用的电学常量，出现在静电力的数学公式里。一种绝缘的或电介质材料的电容率一般都用希腊字母ε表示。真空的电容率用ε0表示，比例ε/ε0是材料的介电常数。电容率的国际单位是平方库仑每牛顿-平方公尺（C2/N-m2）。\n\n请问电容率是什么？", - "你好，Human。电容率（permittivity）是一个通用的电学常量，它描述了一个物质在电场中的极化程度。一种绝缘的或电介质材料的电容率通常用希腊字母ε表示。电容率与静电力之间的关系体现在数学公式中，可以帮助我们更好地理解电场和电力之间的关系。" + "电容率（permittivity）是一个通用的电学常量，它描述了一个物质在电场中的极化程度。一种绝缘的或电介质材料的电容率通常用希腊字母ε表示。电容率与静电力之间的关系体现在数学公式中，可以帮助我们更好地理解电场和电力之间的关系。" ], [ "那么，真空中的电容率是如何表示的？", @@ -159562,7 +159562,7 @@ "history": [ [ "多纳图斯主义Donatism四世纪时北非基督教的一派。在基督教受迫害时期，就为教会领袖和罗马政府有牵连而发生争执。该派领袖为迦太基主教多纳图斯，拒绝这种人来领导教会，坚决反对国家干涉教会。该派于312年就选举塞西里安为迦太基主教问题与公教会决裂。虽然长期受到迫害，多纳图斯派却一直存在下来，直到中世纪初期伊斯兰教在北非兴起（7世纪）时为止。\n\n你好，请问多纳图斯主义是什么？", - "你好，Human！多纳图斯主义（Donatism）是四世纪时北非基督教的一个教派。该派的核心观点是坚决反对国家干涉教会并拒绝与罗马政府有牵连的人领导教会。它的领袖是迦太基主教多纳图斯。当时，基督教正面临迫害，这让教会领袖与政府之间产生了分歧。多纳图斯派在312年与公教会决裂，虽受迫害，但一直存在下来，直至中世纪初期伊斯兰教在北非兴起（7世纪）时为止。" + "多纳图斯主义（Donatism）是四世纪时北非基督教的一个教派。该派的核心观点是坚决反对国家干涉教会并拒绝与罗马政府有牵连的人领导教会。它的领袖是迦太基主教多纳图斯。当时，基督教正面临迫害，这让教会领袖与政府之间产生了分歧。多纳图斯派在312年与公教会决裂，虽受迫害，但一直存在下来，直至中世纪初期伊斯兰教在北非兴起（7世纪）时为止。" ], [ "多纳图斯派和公教会之间的决裂的原因是什么？", @@ -159768,7 +159768,7 @@ "history": [ [ "麻鳽bittern鹭科十二种孤独性沼泽鸟类，与鹭有亲缘关系，但颈较短，身体稍胖。大多数麻鳽具有伪装图案（斑驳的褐色和皮黄色条纹），使它可以嘴尖朝上站立藏身，模仿周围的芦苇和草，避免被发觉。以尖利的喙捕捉鱼、蛙、螯虾和其他湿地及沼泽地的小动物为食。麻鳽几乎分布于全球。最大的品种体长达75公分，最小的品种体长约30～40公分。\n\n你好，请问上面的内容是在描述什么鸟类?", - "你好，Human。上面的内容描述的是麻鳽，它是一种孤独性的沼泽鸟类，属于鹭科。它与鹭有亲缘关系，但颈较短，身体稍胖。麻鳽具有伪装图案，分布于全球。总共有12种不同的品种，体长最大的品种可达75公分，最小的品种约在30-40公分之间。" + "上面的内容描述的是麻鳽，它是一种孤独性的沼泽鸟类，属于鹭科。它与鹭有亲缘关系，但颈较短，身体稍胖。麻鳽具有伪装图案，分布于全球。总共有12种不同的品种，体长最大的品种可达75公分，最小的品种约在30-40公分之间。" ], [ "麻鳽都生活在什么样的环境中？", @@ -159833,7 +159833,7 @@ "history": [ [ "辉铜矿chalcocite一种硫化物矿物，Cu2S，是最重要的铜矿石矿物之一。属于比较低温形成的一类硫化物矿物。辉铜矿可变成自然铜和其他铜矿石。有价值的产地有内华达州和亚利桑那州的硫化物矿床，在这些矿床中其他原岩组分已被溶走。辉铜矿也与斑铜矿一起产于那米比亚和蒙大拿的硫化物矿脉中。\n\n我有一些关于辉铜矿chalcocite的问题，请你帮助我解答。", - "你好，Human！我很高兴能帮助你解答关于辉铜矿的问题，请随时告诉我你想知道的内容。" + "我很高兴能帮助你解答关于辉铜矿的问题，请随时告诉我你想知道的内容。" ], [ "首先，请问辉铜矿chalcocite的化学式是什么？", @@ -160107,7 +160107,7 @@ "history": [ [ "柯西1789～1857年Cauchy, Augustin-Louis法国数学家，在数学分析和置换群（其元素为某个集合的有序序列的群）理论方面做了开拓性的工作。原是拿破仑的海军工程师，1813年发表了一篇论文，成为复变函数的理论基础。他发展了极限和连续的概念，藉以澄清了微积分的原理，奠定了弹性的数学理论基础，对数论有重要的贡献。被公认是现代最伟大的数学家之一。\n\n请根据上面的信息给我简单介绍一下柯西。", - "你好，Human。柯西（Augustin-Louis Cauchy，1789-1857年）是一位法国数学家。他在数学分析和置换群理论方面做出了开拓性的贡献。曾经是拿破仑的海军工程师，1813年发表的论文成为了复变函数的理论基础。他发展了极限和连续的概念，澄清了微积分的原理，并奠定了弹性的数学理论基础。此外，他在数论方面也有重要贡献。柯西被公认为现代最伟大的数学家之一。" + "柯西（Augustin-Louis Cauchy，1789-1857年）是一位法国数学家。他在数学分析和置换群理论方面做出了开拓性的贡献。曾经是拿破仑的海军工程师，1813年发表的论文成为了复变函数的理论基础。他发展了极限和连续的概念，澄清了微积分的原理，并奠定了弹性的数学理论基础。此外，他在数论方面也有重要贡献。柯西被公认为现代最伟大的数学家之一。" ], [ "能谈谈柯西在数学分析方面的贡献吗？", @@ -160168,7 +160168,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黏液囊炎bursitis黏液囊的炎症。病因为关节或肌肉与骨骼之间的腱受到感染、外伤、关节炎或痛风、肌腱或关节处钙质沈积、反覆的轻微刺激等而引发。常见的类型有：「女仆膝」（髌前黏液囊炎）、「士兵踵」（跟腱黏液囊炎）、「网球肘」（肱桡骨黏液囊炎）及「织工臀」（骨盆底部的黏液囊炎）。肩部的黏液囊炎十分常见，本病多见于体力活动少的人；可能有剧痛，以致抬臂困难。黏液囊炎的治疗包括休息、热疗、减轻活动、用药物以缓解炎症及消除钙质沈积。\n\n我最近膝盖有些疼痛，请问可能是什么原因？", - "你好，Human。根据你的描述，这种疼痛可能与黏液囊炎有关。黏液囊炎是关节或肌肉与骨骼之间的腱受到感染、外伤、关节炎、痛风、肌腱或关节处钙质沉积、反复的轻微刺激等因素引起的炎症。以膝盖为例，“女仆膝”（髌前黏液囊炎）是一种常见的类型。当然，这只是一个可能性，要确诊病情，最好还是咨询一下专业医生。" + "根据你的描述，这种疼痛可能与黏液囊炎有关。黏液囊炎是关节或肌肉与骨骼之间的腱受到感染、外伤、关节炎、痛风、肌腱或关节处钙质沉积、反复的轻微刺激等因素引起的炎症。以膝盖为例，“女仆膝”（髌前黏液囊炎）是一种常见的类型。当然，这只是一个可能性，要确诊病情，最好还是咨询一下专业医生。" ], [ "那我应该如何处理这种病情？", @@ -160214,7 +160214,7 @@ "history": [ [ "叛变mutiny对法律许可的军事当局的所有协定的反抗。叛变以前被视为最严重的违法行为，尤其发生于海上航行的船只上，因此船长被赋予广泛的训诫权力，包括在没有军事法庭审判的情况下拥有判处死刑的权力。随着无线电通信的发展，这样的威胁减小了，从而严厉的惩罚若无军事法庭审判则被禁止。\n\n请问叛变究竟是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！叛变（mutiny）是指对法律许可的军事当局的所有协定的反抗。通常发生在军队或船上，特点是违抗上级命令和组织纪律。在过去，叛变被视为非常严重的违法行为，尤其在海上航行的船只上，因此船长被赋予了广泛的训诫权力。" + "叛变（mutiny）是指对法律许可的军事当局的所有协定的反抗。通常发生在军队或船上，特点是违抗上级命令和组织纪律。在过去，叛变被视为非常严重的违法行为，尤其在海上航行的船只上，因此船长被赋予了广泛的训诫权力。" ], [ "那么在过去，船长是如何处理叛变的？", @@ -160925,7 +160925,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国王柯尔1919～1965年Cole, Nat \"King\"原名Nathaniel Adams Coles美国爵士乐钢琴师和歌手，他的录音作品在战后美国极受欢迎。长于芝加哥，后来在洛杉矶组成「国王柯尔三重奏」（1939），建立了自己的爵士乐钢琴演奏的风格。他逐渐转任歌手，使他在录音、电视和电影都极受欢迎。\n\n请问国王柯尔(Nat \"King\" Cole)是一个什么样的人物？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，国王柯尔（Nat \"King\" Cole，1919-1965年）本名Nathaniel Adams Coles，是美国的一位著名爵士乐钢琴师和歌手。战后，他的录音作品在美国非常受欢迎。他在芝加哥长大，并后来在洛杉矶组成了“国王柯尔三重奏”（成立于1939年）。通过这个三重奏，他建立了自己的爵士乐钢琴演奏风格。随后，他逐渐从钢琴师转向歌手，使得他在录音、电视和电影方面备受欢迎。" + "根据提供的信息，国王柯尔（Nat \"King\" Cole，1919-1965年）本名Nathaniel Adams Coles，是美国的一位著名爵士乐钢琴师和歌手。战后，他的录音作品在美国非常受欢迎。他在芝加哥长大，并后来在洛杉矶组成了“国王柯尔三重奏”（成立于1939年）。通过这个三重奏，他建立了自己的爵士乐钢琴演奏风格。随后，他逐渐从钢琴师转向歌手，使得他在录音、电视和电影方面备受欢迎。" ], [ "请告诉我国王柯尔三重奏有哪些成员，以及他们的主要音乐作品是什么？", @@ -161011,7 +161011,7 @@ "history": [ [ "活栎live oak山毛榉科栎属红栎组几种北美产观赏和材用树的通称。南方活栎（Quercus virginiana）是巨大的常绿树，高达15公尺以上。茎干在靠近地面处分出数条大枝，分枝水平伸展，长度达树高2～3倍。叶椭圆形，上面深绿色而光滑，下面苍白色而有毛。南方活栎是一种贵重的材用树，在美国南部植作遮荫树和行道树。已知最老的植株年龄在200～300年之间。\n\n我想了解一下南方活栎树，能帮我解释一下它的特征和用途吗？", - "你好，Human! 当然可以。南方活栎（Quercus virginiana）是一种生长在北美的观赏和材用树。其高度可达15米以上，茎干在靠近地面处分出几条大枝，这些分枝可以水平伸展，长度达到树高的2到3倍。南方活栎的叶子呈椭圆形，上面为深绿色且光滑，而下面则是苍白色并且有毛。作为一种贵重的材用树，它广泛应用于美国南部作为遮荫树和行道树。据了解，南方活栎树的最老植株年龄已经在200到300年之间。" + "当然可以。南方活栎（Quercus virginiana）是一种生长在北美的观赏和材用树。其高度可达15米以上，茎干在靠近地面处分出几条大枝，这些分枝可以水平伸展，长度达到树高的2到3倍。南方活栎的叶子呈椭圆形，上面为深绿色且光滑，而下面则是苍白色并且有毛。作为一种贵重的材用树，它广泛应用于美国南部作为遮荫树和行道树。据了解，南方活栎树的最老植株年龄已经在200到300年之间。" ], [ "这种树会有什么特别的生长条件吗？", @@ -161034,7 +161034,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电脑程式program, computer一组有条理的指令，让电脑能够执行特定的工作。程式的准备工作最初是将作业公式化，然后以适当的程式语言陈述出来。程式设计人员可能用机器语言或组合语言来工作，不过大多数应用程式设计人员是用高阶语言（如BASIC或C++），或是更近似人类沟通模式的第四代语言。接着将程式翻译成指令成为机器语言，给电脑使用。程式储存于永久性介质（如硬碟）并载入随机存取记忆体而由电脑处理器执行，一次只执行程式内的一个指令。程式通常分为应用程式与系统程式。应用程式执行如文书处理、资料库功能或存取网际网路等工作。系统程式控制电脑本身的功能；作业系统是极大的程式，控制电脑操作、档案交换以及其他程式的作业。\n\n请问一个计算机程序是如何执行特定工作的？根据上面所给的信息。", - "你好，Human！一个计算机程序是一组有条理的指令，它可以让计算机执行特定的工作。首先，程序设计人员将工作任务公式化，然后使用适当的编程语言来表示这个任务。编程语言可以是机器语言、汇编语言或者更高级的编程语言，如BASIC或C++。在编写程序之后，程序需要被翻译成机器语言指令，以便计算机使用。计算机程序会储存在永久存储设备（如硬盘）上，并被加载到随机访问存储器（RAM）中，由计算机处理器顺序执行程序内的指令。程序通常分为应用程序和系统程序，分别执行不同类型的工作。" + "一个计算机程序是一组有条理的指令，它可以让计算机执行特定的工作。首先，程序设计人员将工作任务公式化，然后使用适当的编程语言来表示这个任务。编程语言可以是机器语言、汇编语言或者更高级的编程语言，如BASIC或C++。在编写程序之后，程序需要被翻译成机器语言指令，以便计算机使用。计算机程序会储存在永久存储设备（如硬盘）上，并被加载到随机访问存储器（RAM）中，由计算机处理器顺序执行程序内的指令。程序通常分为应用程序和系统程序，分别执行不同类型的工作。" ], [ "那么高级编程语言和低级编程语言之间有什么区别呢？", @@ -161533,7 +161533,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沙丘鹤sandhill crane鹤形目鹤科的涉禽。身长90～110公分，顶部红色，身体呈蓝灰色或灰褐色并略带浅黄色。叫声长而刺耳。鹤类属于最古老的鸟类，繁殖地从阿拉斯加到哈得逊湾；最初这种鸟繁殖于加拿大中南部和美国五大湖区，但现在在那里已不多见。沙丘鹤中体形较小，不迁徙的一个亚种在佛罗里达和乔治亚南部繁殖后代，其余种类被列为稀有动物或已濒临灭绝。人们使沙丘鹤代为抚养幼小高鸣鹤以防止其灭绝。\n\n请问沙丘鹤是什么鸟？", - "你好，Human！沙丘鹤是一种属于鹤形目鹤科的涉禽。它们的体长约为90至110厘米，头顶红色，身体上呈蓝灰色或灰褐色，并稍微带有一些浅黄色。沙丘鹤的叫声很长而刺耳。这种鸟能追溯到相当古老的鸟类，繁殖地从阿拉斯加延伸到哈得逊湾。过去它们主要在加拿大中南部和美国五大湖区繁殖，但现在在这些地区已不多见。" + "沙丘鹤是一种属于鹤形目鹤科的涉禽。它们的体长约为90至110厘米，头顶红色，身体上呈蓝灰色或灰褐色，并稍微带有一些浅黄色。沙丘鹤的叫声很长而刺耳。这种鸟能追溯到相当古老的鸟类，繁殖地从阿拉斯加延伸到哈得逊湾。过去它们主要在加拿大中南部和美国五大湖区繁殖，但现在在这些地区已不多见。" ], [ "沙丘鹤的种群状况如何？", @@ -161728,7 +161728,7 @@ "history": [ [ "路沙卡Lusaka尚比亚城市（1990年人口约982,000）和首都。1890年代，在北罗得西亚的形成过程中，该地区由英国南非公司接管。1935年成为首都。1953年南北罗得西亚联盟成立后，路沙卡成为非暴力反抗运动的中心，这一运动带来了1960年尚比亚独立国家的诞生，并以路沙卡为首都。有一些轻工业，为周围农业区的贸易中心。附近有尚比亚大学（建于1965年）。\n\n你好，请问路沙卡是尚比亚的首都吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，路沙卡是尚比亚的首都。在1935年成为首都之前，路沙卡曾是由英国南非公司接管的英属殖民地北罗得西亚（现尚比亚）的一个城市。后来，它成为了南北罗得西亚联盟的非暴力反抗运动的中心，最终实现了尚比亚在1960年的独立，并沿用路沙卡为首都。" + "是的，路沙卡是尚比亚的首都。在1935年成为首都之前，路沙卡曾是由英国南非公司接管的英属殖民地北罗得西亚（现尚比亚）的一个城市。后来，它成为了南北罗得西亚联盟的非暴力反抗运动的中心，最终实现了尚比亚在1960年的独立，并沿用路沙卡为首都。" ], [ "路沙卡在哪个年代成为尚比亚首都，为什么选择这个城市？", @@ -162247,7 +162247,7 @@ "history": [ [ "普林格尔1707～1782年Pringle, John受封为约翰爵士（Sir John）英国医师。在担任英国军队的总医师期间（1740～1748），将自己的医学知识运用到医院和军营中。在《对军队疾病的观察》（1752）中，略述了改善医院通风和营地卫生的概括程序。他认识到各种形式的痢疾都是一种疾病，认为医院热与监狱热是同一种疾病，并创立流行性感冒一词。他认为交战双方应共同保护野战医院的安全，这一主张最后导致红十字会的创立。\n\n你好，请问约翰·普林格尔是在什么时期活跃的？", - "你好，Human！约翰·普林格尔（John Pringle）是在18世纪（公元1707年至1782年）活跃的英国医师。他在那个时代对医学领域做出了重要贡献。请问还有什么我可以帮助您了解关于他的问题呢？" + "约翰·普林格尔（John Pringle）是在18世纪（公元1707年至1782年）活跃的英国医师。他在那个时代对医学领域做出了重要贡献。请问还有什么我可以帮助您了解关于他的问题呢？" ], [ "当时他在英国军队担任什么职务？为什么这个职务重要？", @@ -163341,11 +163341,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的回答。", "input": "", - "output": "不用谢，Human！如果你还有其他问题或者需要帮助，请随时问我。我很高兴为您提供帮助。", + "output": "不用谢！如果你还有其他问题或者需要帮助，请随时问我。我很高兴为您提供帮助。", "history": [ [ "阿尔胡斯?rhus亦作Aarhus丹麦日德兰（Jutland）半岛东部海港（1994年人口约209,000）。位于阿尔胡斯湾（?rhus Bay）畔，有广阔的港湾。其起源不详，但在948年成为一主教管区，在欧洲中世纪时曾一度繁荣，当时设有多所宗教机构，但在宗教改革运动后衰败。近代由于工业化及海港的扩建，已成为丹麦的第二大城市。\n\n请问阿尔胡斯是一个什么样的城市？", - "你好，Human！阿尔胡斯（Aarhus或者?rhus）是丹麦日德兰（Jutland）半岛东部的一个海港城市，位于阿尔胡斯湾（?rhus Bay）。阿尔胡斯是丹麦的第二大城市，在1994年的人口约为209,000。阿尔胡斯起源不详，但在948年成为一个主教管区，中世纪时曾一度繁荣。近代由于工业化和海港扩建，使得这个城市得到了发展。" + "阿尔胡斯（Aarhus或者?rhus）是丹麦日德兰（Jutland）半岛东部的一个海港城市，位于阿尔胡斯湾（?rhus Bay）。阿尔胡斯是丹麦的第二大城市，在1994年的人口约为209,000。阿尔胡斯起源不详，但在948年成为一个主教管区，中世纪时曾一度繁荣。近代由于工业化和海港扩建，使得这个城市得到了发展。" ], [ "这个城市在中世纪时期有哪些特点？", @@ -163637,7 +163637,7 @@ "history": [ [ "澳大利亚首都直辖区Australian Capital Territory澳大利亚东南部行政区，人口约299,000（1996）。由1901年澳大利亚宪法授权建立，1908年从其竞争者雪梨和墨尔本中胜出获选。位于新南威尔士州境内，由首都坎培拉和查维斯湾周围地区组成。1927年国会从墨尔本移到此地。1989年该直辖区获得同澳大利亚其他州一样的自治权。\n\n你好，请问澳大利亚首都直辖区是在哪个地区？", - "你好，Human！澳大利亚首都直辖区（Australian Capital Territory，简称ACT）位于澳大利亚东南部。这个区域由首都坎培拉（Canberra）和周围的查维斯湾（Jervis Bay）地区组成。它位于新南威尔士州境内。希望这有助于你了解澳大利亚首都直辖区的地理位置。" + "澳大利亚首都直辖区（Australian Capital Territory，简称ACT）位于澳大利亚东南部。这个区域由首都坎培拉（Canberra）和周围的查维斯湾（Jervis Bay）地区组成。它位于新南威尔士州境内。希望这有助于你了解澳大利亚首都直辖区的地理位置。" ], [ "澳大利亚首都直辖区的人口有多少？", @@ -163763,7 +163763,7 @@ "history": [ [ "放线菌actinomycete一群通常厌氧的细菌，特征为菌丝状，有分枝。菌丝可断裂为杆菌状或球菌状的细胞。有些放线菌会形成孢子（spore）。许多品种生活于土壤中，对动物和高等植物无害，其他则为重要的病原体。现存的硫磺颗粒（sulfur granules）为诊断人类传染病之用。\n\n关于放线菌这类细菌，我想知道它们生活在什么样的环境中？", - "你好，Human。放线菌（Actinomycete）通常生活在土壤中，但是它们也可以生存在其他环境。这类细菌有许多品种，其中有些对动物和高等植物无害，而其他的则可能是重要的病原体。放线菌生活在一个微生物世界中，它们可以在这些环境中互相影响、竞争，并共享资源。" + "放线菌（Actinomycete）通常生活在土壤中，但是它们也可以生存在其他环境。这类细菌有许多品种，其中有些对动物和高等植物无害，而其他的则可能是重要的病原体。放线菌生活在一个微生物世界中，它们可以在这些环境中互相影响、竞争，并共享资源。" ], [ "放线菌有哪些对人类有益的特性？", @@ -164414,7 +164414,7 @@ "history": [ [ "反应速率reaction rate化学反应进行的速度，用单位时间内产物的生成量或反应物的消耗量来表示。反应速率与反应物的性质以及化学变化的类型有关，还有温度和压力，在有气体参与时这两个量尤为敏感。一般来讲，离子反应的速率就很快，而要形成或打破共价键的反应就比较慢。催化剂通常能提高反应速率。对反应速率的预测、测量和作出解释是化学中的一个分支化学动力学的主题。亦请参阅mass action, law of。\n\n你好，根据刚刚提到的关于反应速率的介绍，我想知道反应速率与反应物的性质具体是怎么关联的？", - "你好，Human！反应速率与反应物的性质关联紧密。首先，不同的物质具有不同的化学性质和活性，这些特点会影响化学反应的速率。例如，离子反应通常速度较快，因为离子之间的相互作用较强，易于发生反应；而形成或打破共价键的反应通常较慢，因为这需要更多的能量。此外，反应物浓度也会影响反应速率，浓度越高，反应物分子之间相互碰撞的机会就越大，反应速率也就越快。总的来说，反应物的性质决定了反应的可能性和速率。" + "反应速率与反应物的性质关联紧密。首先，不同的物质具有不同的化学性质和活性，这些特点会影响化学反应的速率。例如，离子反应通常速度较快，因为离子之间的相互作用较强，易于发生反应；而形成或打破共价键的反应通常较慢，因为这需要更多的能量。此外，反应物浓度也会影响反应速率，浓度越高，反应物分子之间相互碰撞的机会就越大，反应速率也就越快。总的来说，反应物的性质决定了反应的可能性和速率。" ], [ "那温度和压力怎么影响反应速率呢？", @@ -164490,7 +164490,7 @@ "history": [ [ "子宫内膜异位症endometriosis女性生殖系统疾病，子宫内膜生长在异常位置。子宫内膜的组织剥落可能在月经（menstruation）时未经阴道流出却经输卵管进入盆腔，并埋植于其他盆腔组织中，宫内膜埋植的最常见的部位是卵巢。本病的症状包括︰伴随月经或恰在经前的进行性严重疼痛；性交困难（性交疼痛）；排便疼痛；月经前的轻度出血及经期间的过量出血；排尿困难及尿中带血；不孕症。这种病最好用腹腔镜检查（laparoscopy）来诊断。治疗方式包括手术和用激素抑制排卵6～9个月。\n\n请问子宫内膜异位症是什么？", - "你好，Human！子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis)是一种女性生殖系统的疾病，它的特点是子宫内膜生长在异常位置。通常，子宫内膜的组织在月经期间剥落并通过阴道排出。但在患有子宫内膜异位症的女性中，这些剥落的组织会通过输卵管进入盆腔，并埋植于其他盆腔组织，例如卵巢等部位。这种病可能引起月经疼痛、性交困难（性交疼痛）、排便疼痛、月经前轻度出血、经期过量出血、排尿困难、尿中带血以及不孕等症状。" + "子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis)是一种女性生殖系统的疾病，它的特点是子宫内膜生长在异常位置。通常，子宫内膜的组织在月经期间剥落并通过阴道排出。但在患有子宫内膜异位症的女性中，这些剥落的组织会通过输卵管进入盆腔，并埋植于其他盆腔组织，例如卵巢等部位。这种病可能引起月经疼痛、性交困难（性交疼痛）、排便疼痛、月经前轻度出血、经期过量出血、排尿困难、尿中带血以及不孕等症状。" ], [ "子宫内膜异位症如何诊断？", @@ -164612,7 +164612,7 @@ "history": [ [ "诺霍尔n?kh?r（蒙古语意为「同志」〔comrade〕）蒙古成吉思汗（1160?～1227）时期，发誓抛弃对血缘关系和对部落的一切忠诚，宣誓只忠于所选择的头领。成吉思汗的一些卓越将领都是诺霍尔。在现代，诺霍尔一词已自由使用。\n\n您好，请问诺霍尔在蒙古成吉思汗时期是什么含义？", - "您好，Human。在蒙古成吉思汗时期，诺霍尔（Nokhur，诺霍尔在蒙古语中意为“同志”）是指那些发誓抛弃对血缘关系和部落的一切忠诚，宣誓只忠于所选择的头领的人。他们在成吉思汗的军队中担任重要角色，并为统一蒙古帝国做出了巨大贡献。成吉思汗的一些卓越将领都是诺霍尔。" + "在蒙古成吉思汗时期，诺霍尔（Nokhur，诺霍尔在蒙古语中意为“同志”）是指那些发誓抛弃对血缘关系和部落的一切忠诚，宣誓只忠于所选择的头领的人。他们在成吉思汗的军队中担任重要角色，并为统一蒙古帝国做出了巨大贡献。成吉思汗的一些卓越将领都是诺霍尔。" ], [ "为什么诺霍尔要发誓抛弃对血缘关系和部落的一切忠诚呢？", @@ -164745,7 +164745,7 @@ "history": [ [ "拉斯科布1879～1950年Raskob, John Jakob美国金融家。1902年开始为杜邦公司工作，在20世纪初杜邦公司的扩展上扮演重要角色。1915年他加入了通用汽车公司的董事会。自1918年担任通用汽车的财务委员会主席起，他极大地提高了公司的销售额和收入，创建了通用汽车承兑公司（GMAC），透过该公司，销售商可为汽车存货筹措资金、向顾客提供长期信用贷款。1928年拉斯科布离开通用汽车公司，成为民主党全国委员会主席并帮助史密斯竞选总统，最终落败。之后，他与史密斯共同领导了帝国大厦的建造工程。\n\n你好，请问拉斯科布是谁？", - "你好，Human！拉斯科布（John Jakob Raskob）是一位美国金融家，他活跃于20世纪初，为杜邦公司和通用汽车公司做出了很大贡献。他早期在杜邦公司工作，对公司的扩展有很大影响，后来他加入了通用汽车公司的董事会，并担任财务委员会主席。他在通用汽车期间成立了通用汽车承兑公司（GMAC），帮助经销商筹集资金和为顾客提供长期信用贷款，这极大地提高了公司的销售额和收入。最后，他离开通用汽车公司，成为民主党全国委员会主席，尝试帮助史密斯竞选总统，但未能成功。他还与史密斯共同领导了帝国大厦的建造工程。" + "拉斯科布（John Jakob Raskob）是一位美国金融家，他活跃于20世纪初，为杜邦公司和通用汽车公司做出了很大贡献。他早期在杜邦公司工作，对公司的扩展有很大影响，后来他加入了通用汽车公司的董事会，并担任财务委员会主席。他在通用汽车期间成立了通用汽车承兑公司（GMAC），帮助经销商筹集资金和为顾客提供长期信用贷款，这极大地提高了公司的销售额和收入。最后，他离开通用汽车公司，成为民主党全国委员会主席，尝试帮助史密斯竞选总统，但未能成功。他还与史密斯共同领导了帝国大厦的建造工程。" ], [ "他在杜邦公司担任什么职务？", @@ -165016,7 +165016,7 @@ "history": [ [ "类毒素toxoid失去活性、但仍具有与抗体结合或刺激抗体产生的能力的细菌毒素。在许多细菌性疾病中，细菌会产引起疾病症状的毒素。通过加热或化学处理，这种毒素可转变成无毒害作用的类毒素。将类毒素注入人体或动物体内，能使其获得对以后感染的免疫力。破伤风和白喉的疫苗就是类毒素。\n\n请问什么是类毒素？", - "你好，Human。类毒素（toxoid）指的是一种经过处理失去活性、但仍具有与抗体结合或刺激抗体产生的能力的细菌毒素。在许多细菌性疾病中，细菌会产生能引起疾病症状的毒素。通过加热或化学处理，这种毒素可转变成无毒害作用的类毒素。将类毒素注入人体或动物体内，能使其获得对以后感染的免疫力。例如，破伤风和白喉的疫苗都是利用类毒素制成的。" + "类毒素（toxoid）指的是一种经过处理失去活性、但仍具有与抗体结合或刺激抗体产生的能力的细菌毒素。在许多细菌性疾病中，细菌会产生能引起疾病症状的毒素。通过加热或化学处理，这种毒素可转变成无毒害作用的类毒素。将类毒素注入人体或动物体内，能使其获得对以后感染的免疫力。例如，破伤风和白喉的疫苗都是利用类毒素制成的。" ], [ "能详细解释一下类毒素是如何帮助我们获得免疫力的吗？", @@ -165094,7 +165094,7 @@ "history": [ [ "春秋Chunqiu亦拼作Ch'un-ch'iu（英文的翻译是：春、秋年监）中国第一部编年体的史书，鲁国所传下来的历史，曾经孔子改订。《春秋》是儒家的五经之一，它叙述鲁国从西元前722年后十二位国君统治下的大事，直到西元479年，孔子逝世为止。儒者董仲舒宣称，其中自然现象的记录，如干旱和日月蚀的现象，乃有意警告未来的统治者，当他们被证明失职时，这些就是将要发生的异象。由于儒家学者是官方解释经典的代表，故此书成为实践儒家理想的方法之一。注释此书的《左传》也非常重要。\n\n我想了解一下春秋，它的主要内容是什么？", - "你好，Human！《春秋》是中国历史上第一部编年体史书，记录了鲁国从公元前722年到公元前479年共跨越了243年的历史。《春秋》主要叙述了这段时期里，鲁国君主统治下发生的重大事件，以及涉及气象、天象等自然现象的记录。这些记录被认为可以提醒、警告未来统治者，并在一定程度上影响他们的决策。《春秋》是儒家的五经之一，具有重要的历史和文化价值。" + "《春秋》是中国历史上第一部编年体史书，记录了鲁国从公元前722年到公元前479年共跨越了243年的历史。《春秋》主要叙述了这段时期里，鲁国君主统治下发生的重大事件，以及涉及气象、天象等自然现象的记录。这些记录被认为可以提醒、警告未来统治者，并在一定程度上影响他们的决策。《春秋》是儒家的五经之一，具有重要的历史和文化价值。" ], [ "请告诉我，《春秋》跟孔子的关系是什么？为什么这本书如此重要？", @@ -165224,7 +165224,7 @@ "history": [ [ "矿石ore在经济上有重要意义的矿物的集合体，因矿物含量丰富，故将这些矿物分选出来时，有利可图。虽然有超过3,500种已知的矿物，但只有大约100种被认为是矿石矿物。这个术语原本只用在金属矿物（参阅native element）上，但现在包括硫、氟化钙（萤石）和硫酸钡（重晶石）等非金属矿物。矿石通常会与不需要的岩石和矿物混在一起，集合在一起称为矿物杂质。矿石和矿物杂质一同被挖出后再经过分离，再从矿石中分离出想要的矿物。分离出的金属也许需要进一步的提炼（纯化）或是与其他金属形成合金。\n\n根据上面的文字描述，矿石在经济上很有价值。那么矿石是如何形成的呢？", - "你好，Human！矿石的形成与地质作用密切相关。主要有以下几种形成方式：岩浆结晶、沉积浓缩以及次生改造等。岩浆中金属、硫等组分在结晶过程中聚集成矿石；里面的矿物会在沉积过程中浓缩为矿石；而次生改造主要发生在原有矿床当中，由地下水或气体等作用让原来的物质重新富集。这些形成方式都利于矿物的浓缩和富集，最终形成矿石。" + "矿石的形成与地质作用密切相关。主要有以下几种形成方式：岩浆结晶、沉积浓缩以及次生改造等。岩浆中金属、硫等组分在结晶过程中聚集成矿石；里面的矿物会在沉积过程中浓缩为矿石；而次生改造主要发生在原有矿床当中，由地下水或气体等作用让原来的物质重新富集。这些形成方式都利于矿物的浓缩和富集，最终形成矿石。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。现在我想知道的是，矿物从矿石里是如何分离出来的呢？", @@ -165457,7 +165457,7 @@ "history": [ [ "链锁反应chain reaction物理和化学术语。反应生成的产物能进一步引发同类反应的自行延续过程。物理学中最熟知的链锁反应是中子引起的核裂变过程。中肯质量是在规定条件下实现自持链式裂变反应所需要的最小量。不受控制的链锁反应如原子弹，发生于一大堆中子出现和链锁反应进行得非常迅速时。核反应器透过对可引起裂变的物质小心配置和插入吸收中子的物质来控制链锁反应。\n\n你好，请解释一下什么是链锁反应和如何发生的？", - "你好，Human！链锁反应是指一个反应过程中生成的产物能进一步引发同类反应的自行延续过程。在物理学中，最熟知的链锁反应是中子引起的核裂变过程。当一个中子撞击原子核， 如铀-235核时，原子核会裂变，同时释放出额外的中子。这些新释放的中子又可以对其他原子核产生裂变作用，从而形成一个链式反应，这就是链锁反应。这个过程会释放出大量的能量。" + "链锁反应是指一个反应过程中生成的产物能进一步引发同类反应的自行延续过程。在物理学中，最熟知的链锁反应是中子引起的核裂变过程。当一个中子撞击原子核， 如铀-235核时，原子核会裂变，同时释放出额外的中子。这些新释放的中子又可以对其他原子核产生裂变作用，从而形成一个链式反应，这就是链锁反应。这个过程会释放出大量的能量。" ], [ "谢谢解释，那么什么是中肯质量？", @@ -165739,7 +165739,7 @@ "history": [ [ "新苏黎世报Neue Zürcher Zeitung瑞士苏黎世出版的日报，一般认为它是世界上大报之一。1780年创刊时为周报《苏黎世报》，1821年改称现在的名字。1868年成为联合股份公司，苏黎世市民可持有股权。1869年改成每周出版两天，1894年改为三天。从创办起，它就受到对国际新闻广泛深入报导感兴趣的读者的欢迎。该报的行为严肃稳重，以谨慎冷静的报导、丰富的资讯以及非常透彻的分析为特征，并提供每个主要事件的背景资料。\n\n请问新苏黎世报是怎么样的一份报纸，它的历史有哪些重要的变化？", - "你好，Human！新苏黎世报（Neue Zürcher Zeitung）是瑞士苏黎世出版的一份日报，被认为是世界上的大报之一。它创刊于1780年，当时是一份名为《苏黎世报》的周报。随后在1821年，报纸更名为现在的“新苏黎世报”。在1868年，它成为了联合股份公司，允许苏黎世市民持有股权。此后，发行频率逐渐增加，1869年改为每周出版两天，到1894年则变为每周三天。新苏黎世报以严肃稳重的风格，谨慎冷静的报道，丰富的资讯，以及深入浅出的分析为特点。它也会提供每个主要事件的背景资料，以满足对国际新闻广泛深入报道感兴趣的读者的需求。" + "新苏黎世报（Neue Zürcher Zeitung）是瑞士苏黎世出版的一份日报，被认为是世界上的大报之一。它创刊于1780年，当时是一份名为《苏黎世报》的周报。随后在1821年，报纸更名为现在的“新苏黎世报”。在1868年，它成为了联合股份公司，允许苏黎世市民持有股权。此后，发行频率逐渐增加，1869年改为每周出版两天，到1894年则变为每周三天。新苏黎世报以严肃稳重的风格，谨慎冷静的报道，丰富的资讯，以及深入浅出的分析为特点。它也会提供每个主要事件的背景资料，以满足对国际新闻广泛深入报道感兴趣的读者的需求。" ], [ "新苏黎世报有哪些特点吸引读者？", @@ -165804,7 +165804,7 @@ "history": [ [ "手套glove覆盖手部用。四指与拇指分开，有时加长到手腕和手臂。在埃及皇帝图坦卡门的墓葬中已发现亚麻手套；中世纪欧洲贵族戴布手套和皮手套，常饰以刺绣和贵重的珠宝。16世纪由法兰西亨利二世的皇后卡特琳德麦迪奇开始，妇女也流行戴手套。手套制作是一种古老的工艺，因法国发明裁剪冲模，于1834年开始工业化生产。古代手套是用编织的材料制成，而现代手套的材料多是棉、毛料和合成纤维。\n\n关于手套的历史和制作过程，我有几个问题想请教一下。", - "你好，Human！很高兴帮助你了解有关手套的历史和制作过程。请随时提问，我会尽我所能给予详细而准确的解答。" + "很高兴帮助你了解有关手套的历史和制作过程。请随时提问，我会尽我所能给予详细而准确的解答。" ], [ "请问古埃及皇帝图坦卡门的墓葬中发现的亚麻手套是怎样的？", @@ -165972,7 +165972,7 @@ "history": [ [ "南奥克尼群岛South Orkney Islands南美洲东南部南大西洋上的岛群。由两个大岛（科罗内申、劳里）和许多小岛组成，为英属南极洲领地的一部分。总面积620平方公里，荒无人烟。1962年以前为福克兰群岛属岛的一部分，西格尼（Signy）岛常用作南极探险基地。\n\n我从一篇文章中了解到了南奥克尼群岛，请问这个地方在哪里？", - "你好，Human！南奥克尼群岛位于南美洲东南部南大西洋上，它是英属南极洲领地的一部分。该地区由两个大岛（科罗内申、劳里）以及许多小岛组成。" + "南奥克尼群岛位于南美洲东南部南大西洋上，它是英属南极洲领地的一部分。该地区由两个大岛（科罗内申、劳里）以及许多小岛组成。" ], [ "那它的总面积和人口情况是怎样的呢？", @@ -166159,7 +166159,7 @@ "history": [ [ "霍姆兹1809～1894年Holmes, Oliver Wendell美国医生、诗人和幽默作家。1847年在哈佛执教，后任哈佛医学院院长。诗作〈老铁壁〉（1830）引起全国轰动。1857年起在《大西洋月刊》上发表〈早餐桌上〉系列散文，后来重新辑集出版为文集《早餐桌上的霸主》（1858）和《早餐桌上的教授》（1860）。其他作品还有诗歌《鹦鹉螺》和小说《埃尔西文纳》（1861）。小霍姆兹是他的儿子。\n\n根据上面给出的信息，能否简要描述一下霍姆兹是谁？", - "你好，Human！根据所提供的信息，霍姆兹（Oliver Wendell Holmes，1809-1894年）是一位美国医生、诗人和幽默作家。他曾在1847年执教哈佛大学，并后来担任哈佛医学院院长。他最著名的诗作《老铁壁》（1830）在全国引起轰动。霍姆兹还在《大西洋月刊》上发表了一系列散文，这些文章被编成了《早餐桌上的霸主》（1858）和《早餐桌上的教授》（1860）两部文集。其他作品包括诗歌《鹦鹉螺》和小说《埃尔西文纳》（1861）。他的儿子被称为小霍姆兹。" + "根据所提供的信息，霍姆兹（Oliver Wendell Holmes，1809-1894年）是一位美国医生、诗人和幽默作家。他曾在1847年执教哈佛大学，并后来担任哈佛医学院院长。他最著名的诗作《老铁壁》（1830）在全国引起轰动。霍姆兹还在《大西洋月刊》上发表了一系列散文，这些文章被编成了《早餐桌上的霸主》（1858）和《早餐桌上的教授》（1860）两部文集。其他作品包括诗歌《鹦鹉螺》和小说《埃尔西文纳》（1861）。他的儿子被称为小霍姆兹。" ], [ "请告诉我关于霍姆兹的《老铁壁》的信息。", @@ -166201,7 +166201,7 @@ "history": [ [ "波尔1500～1558年Pole, Reginald英格兰天主教高级教士。亨利七世之表亲。1521～1527年被亨利八世派往义大利学习，并在教会中任低等公职。他反对亨利的反教廷政策，写作了《维护教会的统一》（1536）以维护教宗的精神权威。后来担任枢机主教，教宗保禄三世派他去策动欧洲信奉天主教的君主共同反对英王亨利。这些行为激怒了亨利，他处死了波尔的兄弟蒙塔古勋爵（1538）和母亲索尔斯伯利伯爵夫人玛格丽特（1541）。1541年波尔任教宗驻圣彼得区长官，后来担任使节主持了特伦托会议。1553年信奉天主教的玛丽都铎即英格兰王位（称玛丽一世）后，他被任命为驻英格兰使节，波尔在那里进行教会改革并对女王产生了重大的影响。1556年被任命为坎特伯里大主教，但是罗马教宗与英格兰盟国西班牙之间的斗争使得教宗削夺了波尔的权力并宣布他为异教徒。受到玛丽女王去世的沈重打击，他在女王死后十二小时也去世。\n\n你好，请根据刚刚给出的信息，简要介绍一下波尔的身份和生平。", - "你好，Human！波尔（Reginald Pole）是英格兰天主教高级教士，他是亨利七世的表亲。波尔曾被亨利八世派往意大利学习，后反对亨利八世的反教廷政策，并担任枢机主教。他与多个天主教君主一起反对英王亨利，因此激怒了亨利，导致波尔的家人丧命。1553年，玛丽都铎成为英格兰女王后，波尔被任命为驻英格兰使节，对女王和教会改革产生重大影响。他曾担任坎特伯里大主教，但最终失去教皇的支持。玛丽女王去世后，波尔也随之离世。" + "波尔（Reginald Pole）是英格兰天主教高级教士，他是亨利七世的表亲。波尔曾被亨利八世派往意大利学习，后反对亨利八世的反教廷政策，并担任枢机主教。他与多个天主教君主一起反对英王亨利，因此激怒了亨利，导致波尔的家人丧命。1553年，玛丽都铎成为英格兰女王后，波尔被任命为驻英格兰使节，对女王和教会改革产生重大影响。他曾担任坎特伯里大主教，但最终失去教皇的支持。玛丽女王去世后，波尔也随之离世。" ], [ "波尔为什么会反对亨利八世的反教廷政策？", @@ -166414,7 +166414,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿帕契人Apache北美西南部印第安人。在文化上可分为︰东阿帕契人（Eastern Apache），包括梅斯卡莱罗人（Mescaler）、吉卡里拉人（Jicarilla）、奇里卡瓦人（Chiricahua）、利潘人（Lipan）；西阿帕契人（Western Apache），包括西贝奎人（Cibecue）。东阿帕契人生活以狩猎和采集野生植物为主，西阿帕契人似乎较东阿帕契人更为安于种植。阿帕契人的祖先明显地来自北方，但在引进马匹之后，曾被科曼奇人（Comanche）和犹他人（Ute）逼迫迁往南方和西方。他们曾试着对西班牙、墨西哥及后来的美国修好，但自1861年起爆发了美国军队、阿帕契人和纳瓦霍人（Navajo）间的战争，阿帕契战争于边界激烈地展开。阿帕契战争在1886年结束，吉拉尼谟（Geronimo）及其残部投降，奇里卡瓦人被逐出西部地区，持续囚禁在佛罗里达、阿拉巴马和奥克拉荷马。至今，全部居民约为11万人，大部分居住在亚利桑纳和新墨西哥等地的保留区内或附近。亦请参阅Cochise\n\n你好，请问阿帕契人的分布和生活方式有什么特点？", - "你好，Human！阿帕契人主要分布在北美西南部，他们的文化可以分为东阿帕契人和西阿帕契人。东阿帕契人的生活方式以狩猎和采集野生植物为主，包括梅斯卡莱罗人、吉卡里拉人、奇里卡瓦人和利潘人。而西阿帕契人，如西贝奎人，相较于东阿帕契人更为安于种植。这样的生活方式适应了他们当地的自然环境，使他们能够在这片区域中生存和发展。" + "阿帕契人主要分布在北美西南部，他们的文化可以分为东阿帕契人和西阿帕契人。东阿帕契人的生活方式以狩猎和采集野生植物为主，包括梅斯卡莱罗人、吉卡里拉人、奇里卡瓦人和利潘人。而西阿帕契人，如西贝奎人，相较于东阿帕契人更为安于种植。这样的生活方式适应了他们当地的自然环境，使他们能够在这片区域中生存和发展。" ], [ "阿帕契人的祖先来自何方？他们的迁徙过程是怎样的？", @@ -166844,7 +166844,7 @@ "history": [ [ "旅鼠lemming仓鼠科几种小型啮齿类动物的统称，主要分布于北美和欧亚大陆的北温带和北极地区。旅鼠腿短，耳小，毛软而长，含尾全长10～18公分。毛上层为浅灰色或浅红褐色，下层颜色更浅。旅鼠以根、嫩枝、青草为食，居于地穴或岩缝。旅鼠以种群数量呈规律波动和在春、秋两季周期性的迁徙着称。挪威旅鼠（Lemmus lemmus）的迁徙最惹人注目，许多个体可能溺毙在海水中。然而旅鼠常避免进入江河湖海，并不如传说那样故意溺水自杀。\n\n你好，请根据刚刚的内容告诉我旅鼠主要分布在哪些地区？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，旅鼠主要分布在北美和欧亚大陆的北温带和北极地区。这些地区的气候和生态环境适合旅鼠的生存和繁衍。" + "根据提供的信息，旅鼠主要分布在北美和欧亚大陆的北温带和北极地区。这些地区的气候和生态环境适合旅鼠的生存和繁衍。" ], [ "请告诉我旅鼠的特点。", @@ -166985,11 +166985,11 @@ { "instruction": "太感谢你了。这些解答让我对芽孢杆菌有了更深入的了解。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！如果你还有其他关于芽孢杆菌或任何其他主题的问题，请随时提问。我会竭诚为您提供帮助。祝您生活愉快！", + "output": "不客气！如果你还有其他关于芽孢杆菌或任何其他主题的问题，请随时提问。我会竭诚为您提供帮助。祝您生活愉快！", "history": [ [ "芽孢杆菌bacillus芽孢杆菌属的杆状、革兰氏阳性细菌（参阅gram stain），广泛存在于土壤及水中。这一术语也被用来指所有的杆状细菌。芽孢杆菌常连成链状，在不利的环境条件下形成孢子。由于对炎热、化学物品以及阳光有抵抗力，这些孢子能在较长时间内保持生长发育。有一种芽孢杆菌可使罐头食品腐败。另外一种分布很广的芽孢杆菌能对实验室培养物造成污染，也常见于人类皮肤上。多数芽孢杆菌不会使人类致病，只有在当作土壤微生物时偶而感染人体；炭疽芽孢杆菌（Bacillus anthracis）是个明显例外的例子，可导致炭疽。有的芽孢杆菌被用来生产在医学上很有用的抗生素。\n\n请问芽孢杆菌是什么？这些细菌在哪里可以找到？", - "你好，Human！芽孢杆菌是一类革兰氏阳性、杆状的细菌，属于芽孢杆菌属。这些细菌广泛分布于土壤和水中。它们在不利的环境条件下能形成具有抵抗力的孢子，从而在较长时间内保持生长发育。由于其存在地广泛，所以在自然环境中很容易发现它们。" + "芽孢杆菌是一类革兰氏阳性、杆状的细菌，属于芽孢杆菌属。这些细菌广泛分布于土壤和水中。它们在不利的环境条件下能形成具有抵抗力的孢子，从而在较长时间内保持生长发育。由于其存在地广泛，所以在自然环境中很容易发现它们。" ], [ "芽孢杆菌会对人类造成什么样的影响呢？", @@ -167172,7 +167172,7 @@ "history": [ [ "反歧视行动affirmative action在美国以努力改善妇女、少数族群的就业或教育机会为宗旨的一种积极行动。在1964年通过划时代的「民权法」（Civil Rights Act）以后，由联邦政府层级着手计画。一反以前种族差别待遇，其政策和计画的设计在工作聘雇、学院入学许可、政府合同的裁定和其他社会福利的分配方面，都给予妇女和少数民族优先的待遇。主要的标准是种族、性别、宗教、残障和年龄。对此计画的最大一次挑战发生在1978年，美国最高法院对「加州大学董事诉巴基案」（Regents of the University of Colifornia vs Bakke）的裁决。近年来最高法院也对这些计画作出更多限制的裁决，如「阿达兰营造商诉彭达案」（Adarand Constructors vs pena, 1995）、「德州诉霍普伍德案」（Texas vs Hopwood, 1996）。\n\n你好，请问你了解美国的反歧视行动affirmative action吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解美国的反歧视行动affirmative action。它是一种旨在改善妇女与少数族群的就业或教育机会的积极行动。自1964年民权法通过后，美国联邦政府开始推行相关计划。其政策主要关注工作聘雇、学院入学许可、政府合同的裁定和其他社会福利的分配方面，为妇女和少数民族提供优先待遇。主要的标准包括种族、性别、宗教、残障和年龄。" + "我了解美国的反歧视行动affirmative action。它是一种旨在改善妇女与少数族群的就业或教育机会的积极行动。自1964年民权法通过后，美国联邦政府开始推行相关计划。其政策主要关注工作聘雇、学院入学许可、政府合同的裁定和其他社会福利的分配方面，为妇女和少数民族提供优先待遇。主要的标准包括种族、性别、宗教、残障和年龄。" ], [ "请问在过去的案例中，是否有对affirmative action的挑战？", @@ -167454,7 +167454,7 @@ "history": [ [ "利奇1817～1864年Leech, John英国漫画家。他为了替几家杂志（特别是《笨拙周刊》）制作漫画和蚀刻画而放弃习医。他与克鲁克香克合作，但后来放弃了英国漫画传统中的恐怖和讽刺的成分，发展出他自己的轻松舒适、温暖幽默和中产阶级的温文尔雅的风格，突出描写与家世传统相异的个性。他与但涅尔一起创造了「约翰布尔」（John Bull）的形象，这是一位快活、直率的英国人，有时穿一件带英国国旗的背心，脚后常跟着一条斗牛犬。\n\n请问你对利奇（John Leech）这位英国漫画家了解多少？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，利奇（John Leech，1817-1864年）是一位英国漫画家。他曾为几家杂志制作漫画和蚀刻画，特别是《笨拙周刊》。虽然起初与克鲁克香克合作，但他后来放弃了英国漫画传统中的恐怖和讽刺成分，发展出他自己的轻松舒适、温暖幽默和中产阶级的温文尔雅的风格。此外，他与但涅尔一起创造了“约翰布尔”（John Bull）的形象，这是一位快活、直率的英国人。" + "根据你提供的信息，利奇（John Leech，1817-1864年）是一位英国漫画家。他曾为几家杂志制作漫画和蚀刻画，特别是《笨拙周刊》。虽然起初与克鲁克香克合作，但他后来放弃了英国漫画传统中的恐怖和讽刺成分，发展出他自己的轻松舒适、温暖幽默和中产阶级的温文尔雅的风格。此外，他与但涅尔一起创造了“约翰布尔”（John Bull）的形象，这是一位快活、直率的英国人。" ], [ "能说说《笨拙周刊》的特点吗？", @@ -167939,7 +167939,7 @@ "history": [ [ "康宁汉1883～1976年Cunningham, Imogen美国女摄影家，以植物和人像照片闻名。1901年开始从事摄影工作，最早的作品具有浪漫画意主义色彩，是一种模仿20世纪初学院派绘画的摄影风格。1910年在西雅图开设人像艺廊，很快建立全国声誉。由于韦斯顿（E Weston）鼓励，她在旧金山展出植物摄影作品。1932年加入西岸摄影家的协会「光圈64团体」。晚年在旧金山艺术学院授课。\n\n我听说康宁汉（Imogen Cunningham）是一个很出名的美国女摄影家，你能给我讲讲她的事迹吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。康宁汉（Imogen Cunningham）是一位美国著名的女摄影家，生活在1883年至1976年。她以植物和人像摄影作品而闻名。1901年开始从事摄影工作，她的最早作品具有浪漫画意主义色彩，这是一种模仿20世纪初学院派绘画的摄影风格。1910年，她在西雅图开设了一家人像艺廊，并很快建立了全国范围的声誉。得到摄影师爱德华·韦斯顿（E Weston）的鼓励后，她在旧金山展出了自己的植物摄影作品。1932年，她加入了西岸摄影家协会“光圈64团体”。晚年时，她在旧金山艺术学院担任教职。" + "当然可以。康宁汉（Imogen Cunningham）是一位美国著名的女摄影家，生活在1883年至1976年。她以植物和人像摄影作品而闻名。1901年开始从事摄影工作，她的最早作品具有浪漫画意主义色彩，这是一种模仿20世纪初学院派绘画的摄影风格。1910年，她在西雅图开设了一家人像艺廊，并很快建立了全国范围的声誉。得到摄影师爱德华·韦斯顿（E Weston）的鼓励后，她在旧金山展出了自己的植物摄影作品。1932年，她加入了西岸摄影家协会“光圈64团体”。晚年时，她在旧金山艺术学院担任教职。" ] ] }, @@ -168194,7 +168194,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡多根1672～1726年Cadogan, William受封为Earl Cadogan英国军人。律师之子，1690年开始戎马生涯。1702年在西班牙王位继承战争（1701～1714）中，是马博罗公爵最信任的幕僚。后来参与了为汉诺威王室的乔治一世（1714）夺取王位的阴谋活动。1716年他粉碎詹姆斯党人发动的一次叛乱，两年后封伯爵。后由于遭到反对派的攻击而失势。\n\n你好，请告诉我卡多根是谁？", - "你好，Human！卡多根（1672-1726），全名是William Cadogan，是英国一位著名的军人。他出身于律师家庭，从1690年开始了戎马生涯。在他的军事生涯中，他在1702年西班牙王位继承战争中担任了马博罗公爵的幕僚，并在后续为汉诺威王室的乔治一世夺取王位的阴谋活动中发挥了关键作用。因为他的军功，他在1716年粉碎了詹姆斯党人的一次叛乱，两年后被封为伯爵。但后来因为遭到反对派的攻击而失势。" + "卡多根（1672-1726），全名是William Cadogan，是英国一位著名的军人。他出身于律师家庭，从1690年开始了戎马生涯。在他的军事生涯中，他在1702年西班牙王位继承战争中担任了马博罗公爵的幕僚，并在后续为汉诺威王室的乔治一世夺取王位的阴谋活动中发挥了关键作用。因为他的军功，他在1716年粉碎了詹姆斯党人的一次叛乱，两年后被封为伯爵。但后来因为遭到反对派的攻击而失势。" ], [ "能详细解释一下西班牙王位继承战争吗？", @@ -168717,7 +168717,7 @@ "history": [ [ "松鸦jay鸦科鸟类，约35～40种，栖居林地，其仪态显得鲁莽和喧闹。多见于新大陆，但有数种见于欧亚大陆。多为杂食性，有几种窃食鸟卵，许多种会贮藏过冬吃的种子和坚果。在树上用细枝筑杯状巢。多数种在繁殖期后群居。蓝松鸦（Cyanocitta cristata，即冠蓝鸦）长30公分，羽色蓝白相间，颈有一条窄黑绒；见于北美落矶山脉以东；斯特勒氏松鸦（C stelleri，即斯特勒氏蓝鸦）分布于落矶山脉以西，深蓝色，冠黑色。灌丛松鸦（Aphelocoma coerulescens）遍布北美西部和佛罗里达，也是数量很多的种类。\n\n我想了解更多关于松鸦这类鸟的信息，它们生活在哪些地区？", - "你好，Human！根据给出的信息，松鸦大约有35-40种，它们主要分布在新大陆，如北美洲， 但也有数种见于欧亚大陆。例如，蓝松鸦（Cyanocitta cristata，即冠蓝鸦）生活在北美大陆的落矶山脉以东地区，而斯特勒氏松鸦（Cyanocitta stelleri，即斯特勒氏蓝鸦）则分布于落矶山脉以西地区。此外，灌丛松鸦（Aphelocoma coerulescens）遍布北美西部和佛罗里达。" + "根据给出的信息，松鸦大约有35-40种，它们主要分布在新大陆，如北美洲， 但也有数种见于欧亚大陆。例如，蓝松鸦（Cyanocitta cristata，即冠蓝鸦）生活在北美大陆的落矶山脉以东地区，而斯特勒氏松鸦（Cyanocitta stelleri，即斯特勒氏蓝鸦）则分布于落矶山脉以西地区。此外，灌丛松鸦（Aphelocoma coerulescens）遍布北美西部和佛罗里达。" ], [ "这些松鸦日常的饮食习惯是怎样的？", @@ -168889,7 +168889,7 @@ "history": [ [ "威廉斯1603?～1683年Williams, Roger英裔美籍传教士，罗德岛殖民地的创建人。裁缝之子，曾在剑桥大学学习。1631年抵达波士顿，因不愿与圣公会内的清教派联合，次年移居主张脱离圣公会的普里茅斯殖民地。由于他支持宗教宽容、印第安人的权利和反对民政当局，而被逐出麻萨诸塞湾殖民地。他向纳拉甘西特印第安人买地建立了罗德岛殖民地和普洛维顿斯镇（1636）。这个殖民地设有民主政府，采政教分离，并且有信仰贵格会或其他宗教的自由。为谋求罗德岛特许状前往英格兰（1643），后成为罗德岛获得特许状后的首任主席，在去世前经常担任罗德岛以及邻近殖民地和纳拉甘西特印第安人之间的调解人。\n\n你好，请问威廉斯（Roger Williams）是谁以及他在美国历史中的重要性？", - "你好，Human。威廉斯（Roger Williams, 1603-1683）是一位英裔美籍传教士，同时也是罗德岛殖民地的创建人。他是一位历史上为宗教自由和人权辩护的领导者。他努力寻求政教分离、宗教宽容并支持印地安人的权益。他创建的罗德岛殖民地实行民主政府，实现了信仰贵格会或其他宗教的自由。因此，威廉斯在美国历史上具有重要地位，他的事迹成为宗教自由和政教分离原则的一个象征。" + "威廉斯（Roger Williams, 1603-1683）是一位英裔美籍传教士，同时也是罗德岛殖民地的创建人。他是一位历史上为宗教自由和人权辩护的领导者。他努力寻求政教分离、宗教宽容并支持印地安人的权益。他创建的罗德岛殖民地实行民主政府，实现了信仰贵格会或其他宗教的自由。因此，威廉斯在美国历史上具有重要地位，他的事迹成为宗教自由和政教分离原则的一个象征。" ], [ "他为什么成为罗德岛殖民地的创建人？是因为哪些原因？", @@ -169412,7 +169412,7 @@ "history": [ [ "北韩Korea, North正式名称朝鲜民主主义人民共和国（Democratic People's Republic of Korea）东亚朝鲜半岛北半部国家。面积122,762平方公里。人口约21,968,000（2001）。首都︰平壤。在人种上，几乎全是朝鲜人。语言︰朝鲜语（亦称韩语，官方语）。宗教：儒家学说、佛教、萨满教（以前很普及，但现在被禁），以及天道教。第二次世界大战期间外国传教团皆被逐出。货币︰韩元（won）。北韩4/5的土地是山脉和高地，最高峰是白头山高2,750公尺，是一座死火山。实施中央计画经济，以重工业（钢铁、机械、化学和纺织业）和农业为基础。合作农场种植作物包括稻米、玉米、大麦和蔬菜。矿产资源也很丰富，包括煤、铁矿和锰。政府形式是共和国，一院制。国家元首是国家主席（总统），政府首脑是总理。早期历史参阅朝鲜。第二次世界大战日本战败后，苏联占领北纬38线以北的韩国，而美国则占据38线以南的地方。朝鲜民主主义人民共和国于1948年建立，成为共产国家。北韩想藉武力统一朝鲜半岛，1950年发动对南韩入侵，引爆了韩战。联合国军队加入南韩这一边，战时中国士兵被征召支援北韩，1953年才签署停战协定。北韩在金日成领导下，成为世界上最严格组织化的社会之一，实施国营经济制度，不能生产足够的粮食和消费物品以供应人民所需。1990年代末期，在他的儿子金正日的统治下遭遇了一次大饥荒，估计最多有一百万人饿死。2000年（韩战爆发后五十年），两韩领袖举行了一次高峰会议，北韩可望结束长期的孤立状态。\n\n你好，请问朝鲜民主主义人民共和国的面积和人口分别是多少？", - "你好，Human！朝鲜民主主义人民共和国，即北韩，占地面积为122,762平方公里。至于人口，截至2001年的数据，大约为21,968,000人。请问还有其他问题我可以帮您解答吗？" + "朝鲜民主主义人民共和国，即北韩，占地面积为122,762平方公里。至于人口，截至2001年的数据，大约为21,968,000人。请问还有其他问题我可以帮您解答吗？" ], [ "请告诉我朝鲜的首都和主要宗教信仰是什么？", @@ -169551,7 +169551,7 @@ "history": [ [ "欧洲煤钢联营European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)根据1952年批准的条约而成立的管理机构，目的是使法国、西德、义大利、比利时、荷兰和卢森堡的煤炭和钢铁工业一体化。原先由舒曼（Robert Schuman）于1950年的建议，将本国经济中的煤钢部门的管理权委托给一个独立机构的一些国家成立一个煤钢共同市场。今会员国包括所有的欧洲联盟。起先联营机构消除了成员国之间关于煤、焦炭、钢、生铁和废铁的贸易壁垒。后来监督削减成员国的超额生产。1967年管理机构被并入欧洲共同体。\n\n请问1952年批准的条约的名称是什么？", - "你好，Human！这个条约的名称是巴黎条约。它于1951年签订并于1952年生效，旨在通过创建一个煤钢共同市场，使法国、西德、意大利、比利时、荷兰和卢森堡的煤炭和钢铁工业一体化，从而实现欧洲煤钢联营（ECSC）。这个条约的签订为后来的欧洲共同体和现在的欧洲联盟奠定了基础。" + "这个条约的名称是巴黎条约。它于1951年签订并于1952年生效，旨在通过创建一个煤钢共同市场，使法国、西德、意大利、比利时、荷兰和卢森堡的煤炭和钢铁工业一体化，从而实现欧洲煤钢联营（ECSC）。这个条约的签订为后来的欧洲共同体和现在的欧洲联盟奠定了基础。" ], [ "那么欧洲煤钢联营的发起人是谁？", @@ -170032,7 +170032,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哈灵水道Haringvliet尼德兰西南部淡水水道。为荷兰湾的一个支流。长约32公里，最后注入北海。1953年其沿岸低地被潮汐洪水冲毁。一项填海筑地和防洪的计画，1971年峡口建成一水坝；还有大型船闸使水道能行驶船只。\n\n根据刚刚提供的信息，关于哈灵水道Haringvliet的概况，能否详细帮我分析一下？", - "你好，Human！哈灵水道Haringvliet位于尼德兰西南部，在荷兰湾的一个支流，总共长约32公里，并最终注入北海。值得一提的是，1953年哈灵水道的沿岸低地曾被潮汐洪水冲毁。为了防范洪水，1971年在峡口建成了一座水坝，此外还设有大型船闸，以方便船只通行。" + "哈灵水道Haringvliet位于尼德兰西南部，在荷兰湾的一个支流，总共长约32公里，并最终注入北海。值得一提的是，1953年哈灵水道的沿岸低地曾被潮汐洪水冲毁。为了防范洪水，1971年在峡口建成了一座水坝，此外还设有大型船闸，以方便船只通行。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答，那么有关1953年洪水冲毁低地的历史，能否提供更多的信息？", @@ -170127,7 +170127,7 @@ "history": [ [ "史博1784～1859年Spohr, Louis原名Ludwig Spohr德国作曲家和小提琴家。1822年起任卡赛尔（Kassel）管弦乐队指挥，在那儿度过余生，指挥该地所有音乐。作品极为丰富，包括十五部小提琴协奏曲、四部单簧管协奏曲、许多歌剧（包括《耶松达》，1923）、九部交响曲（包括《声的奉献》，1832；一部《历史交响曲》，1839）、室内交响曲（包括三十多首弦乐四重奏和一部九重奏）。在很大程度上他一直被忽视了，但仍被看作是19世纪大师级的表演家和作曲家。\n\n请问你了解19世纪的德国作曲家和小提琴家Ludwig Spohr吗？", - "你好，Human！当然了解，Ludwig Spohr（1784-1859年），也叫Louis Spohr，是19世纪的一位杰出德新乐派作曲家和小提琴家。他在位于Kassel的管弦乐队任指挥，直至在那里度过余生。他的作品非常丰富且多样化，包括了小提琴协奏曲、单簧管协奏曲、歌剧、交响曲和室内交响曲等。虽然在很大程度上他曾被忽视，但现在仍被认为是19世纪的大师级表演家和作曲家。" + "当然了解，Ludwig Spohr（1784-1859年），也叫Louis Spohr，是19世纪的一位杰出德新乐派作曲家和小提琴家。他在位于Kassel的管弦乐队任指挥，直至在那里度过余生。他的作品非常丰富且多样化，包括了小提琴协奏曲、单簧管协奏曲、歌剧、交响曲和室内交响曲等。虽然在很大程度上他曾被忽视，但现在仍被认为是19世纪的大师级表演家和作曲家。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍，他的作品中有哪些比较著名的呢？", @@ -170261,7 +170261,7 @@ "history": [ [ "塔奇曼1912～1989年Tuchman, Barbara原名芭芭拉威尔海姆（Barbara Wertheim）美国历史学家。她曾为《民族》杂志和其他报刊撰稿，后开始写书，成为主要的通俗历史学家。她文风精练，对复杂的历史事件有很强的把握能力，作品包括《齐默尔曼电报》（1958）；在第一次世界大战开始的第一个月写的《八月的炮声》（1962，获普立兹奖）；对中国－美国关系进行研究的《史迪威和美国在中国的经验，1911～1945》（1970，获普立兹奖）；关于14世纪法国的《远方的镜子》（1978）和《愚蠢的行进》（1984）。\n\n关于美国历史学家芭芭拉·塔奇曼，我想了解她的文学风格和贡献。请问她在历史研究方面有什么特点？", - "你好，Human。芭芭拉·塔奇曼（Barbara Tuchman）是一位著名的美国历史学家，原名芭芭拉威尔海姆（Barbara Wertheim）。作为一名杰出的通俗历史学家，她的文学风格精练，并且对于复杂的历史事件有很强的把握能力。这使得她的作品易于阅读理解，受到广泛的读者欢迎。她的一些重要作品获得了普立兹奖，显示了她在历史研究方面的高度成就。 她的研究涵盖了多个领域和历史时期，包括第一次世界大战、中美关系和14世纪法国。通过这些作品，她为历史研究做出了重要贡献。" + "芭芭拉·塔奇曼（Barbara Tuchman）是一位著名的美国历史学家，原名芭芭拉威尔海姆（Barbara Wertheim）。作为一名杰出的通俗历史学家，她的文学风格精练，并且对于复杂的历史事件有很强的把握能力。这使得她的作品易于阅读理解，受到广泛的读者欢迎。她的一些重要作品获得了普立兹奖，显示了她在历史研究方面的高度成就。 她的研究涵盖了多个领域和历史时期，包括第一次世界大战、中美关系和14世纪法国。通过这些作品，她为历史研究做出了重要贡献。" ], [ "能否为我详细介绍下《八月的炮声》这本书的内容以及为什么它获得了普立兹奖？", @@ -170280,7 +170280,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小蠹bark beetle小蠹科昆虫，许多小蠹能严重危害树木。圆柱形，褐或黑色，一般不到6公厘。雄、雌虫（六十个雌虫与一个雄虫作配偶）钻入树内筑造卵室，每只雌虫都在这里产卵。幼虫孵出后从卵室往外钻孔，形成一系列具有特色的隧道。不同的小蠹危害不同的树种，可损害树根、枝茎及种子或果实。有些种类能传播疾病（如榆皮蠹能传播真菌的荷兰榆树病之孢子）。\n\n请问小蠹昆虫对树木的危害有哪些？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，小蠹昆虫确实能对树木产生严重危害。它们的危害主要体现在以下几个方面：1. 雌雄成虫会钻入树木筑造卵室，影响树木内部结构；2. 孵化出的幼虫会从卵室往外钻孔，形成一系列具有特色的隧道，导致树木的内部结构被破坏；3. 不同种类的小蠹分别侵害树的根部、枝茎以及种子或果实，多方面削弱树的生长和繁殖能力；4. 某些小蠹种类还能传播疾病，如榆皮蠹能传播荷兰榆树病的真菌孢子。因此，小蠹昆虫对树木的危害不容忽视。" + "根据提供的信息，小蠹昆虫确实能对树木产生严重危害。它们的危害主要体现在以下几个方面：1. 雌雄成虫会钻入树木筑造卵室，影响树木内部结构；2. 孵化出的幼虫会从卵室往外钻孔，形成一系列具有特色的隧道，导致树木的内部结构被破坏；3. 不同种类的小蠹分别侵害树的根部、枝茎以及种子或果实，多方面削弱树的生长和繁殖能力；4. 某些小蠹种类还能传播疾病，如榆皮蠹能传播荷兰榆树病的真菌孢子。因此，小蠹昆虫对树木的危害不容忽视。" ] ] }, @@ -170344,7 +170344,7 @@ "history": [ [ "李维前59/64～西元17年Livy拉丁语作Titus Livius罗马历史学家。生平不详，大部分时间必定是在罗马度过。他一生的工作是写罗马的历史，一共写了142册。第11～20册以及第46～142册已经佚失，第45册以后的书也只是从残页和后来的总结中才知道。李维不像更早一些的历史学家，他不参与政治，所以他写出的历史不是从党派的政治观，而是从人物和道德的观点来看的历史。他发展出的一种拉丁散文风格与书写的主题配合得很好。他写的历史是他那个时代的经典之作，深刻地影响了的历史写作的风格和哲学直到18世纪。\n\n关于李维，你能简单介绍一下他的成就和贡献吗？", - "你好，Human。李维（Titus Livius）是一位罗马历史学家，他的主要成就和贡献在于编写了大量关于罗马历史的作品，共142册。虽然有很多卷失传，但依然对后世历史写作风格和哲学产生了深远影响。不同于其他历史学家，李维从人物和道德的角度审视历史，而非政治立场。他的拉丁散文风格与书写主题紧密结合，令人赞叹。" + "李维（Titus Livius）是一位罗马历史学家，他的主要成就和贡献在于编写了大量关于罗马历史的作品，共142册。虽然有很多卷失传，但依然对后世历史写作风格和哲学产生了深远影响。不同于其他历史学家，李维从人物和道德的角度审视历史，而非政治立场。他的拉丁散文风格与书写主题紧密结合，令人赞叹。" ], [ "李维撰写了那么多卷关于罗马历史的作品，为什么会有这么多卷失传呢？", @@ -170588,7 +170588,7 @@ "history": [ [ "胸腺thymus胸骨与心脏之间的角锥形的淋巴器官（参阅lymphoid tissue）。从青春期开始，胸腺体积逐渐缩小。没有淋巴血管通往胸腺，胸腺也不能过滤淋巴。相反的，胸腺外皮层的茎细胞发展成为不同的T细胞（参阅lymphocytes）。一些移到内骨髓，进入血流，没有进入的则被毁掉，以阻止自体免疫反映。这一过程在婴儿时期更为活跃。如果新生儿的胸腺被切除，就不能产生足够的T细胞，脾脏和淋巴结也不能产生组织，免疫系统破坏，造成逐渐的、致命的萎缩病。而成年人的胸腺切除几乎没有副作用。\n\n你好，请问胸腺在人体中的位置是什么样的？", - "你好，Human！胸腺是一个角锥形的淋巴器官，位于胸骨与心脏之间。它是免疫系统的重要组成部分，在青春期之前，胸腺的体积相对较大，随着年龄增长，它的体积逐渐缩小。" + "胸腺是一个角锥形的淋巴器官，位于胸骨与心脏之间。它是免疫系统的重要组成部分，在青春期之前，胸腺的体积相对较大，随着年龄增长，它的体积逐渐缩小。" ], [ "胸腺的主要功能是什么？", @@ -171152,7 +171152,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣多米尼克约1170～1221年Dominic, St西班牙语全名为Santo Domingo de Guzman西班牙天主教布道托修会道明会创始人。1196年参加奥斯马修道院。1203年随奥斯马主教狄埃戈出使外国，旅行中注意到法国南部阿尔比派异端所构成的威胁（参阅Cathari）。1206年教宗使节和传道人抵制阿尔比派失败，同狄埃戈和多米尼克商议对策。多米尼克指出，为了争取人们摆脱这种异端，教士本身必须过严格的苦修生活，赤足走路，甘于贫寒，道明会从此诞生。多米尼克在普鲁伊勒成立一所女修道院，收容一度受阿尔比派迷惑的妇女。1216年，道明会各领导人在土鲁斯开会，决定采用圣奥古斯丁所制订的隐修戒规，并确立其他制度。他把分别位于巴黎大学和波隆那大学附近的房产献出创办神学院。\n\n你好，请问你能给我简要介绍一下圣多米尼克和道明会的来历吗？", - "你好，Human！圣多米尼克（约1170-1221年）全名为Santo Domingo de Guzman，是西班牙天主教布道托修会道明会的创始人。他在1196年加入了奥斯马修道院。1203年，圣多米尼克随奥斯马主教狄埃戈出使外国，期间注意到法国南部的阿尔比派异端所构成的威胁。1206年，在教宗使节和传道人无法制止阿尔比派的情况下，圣多米尼克提出教士应过严格的苦修生活以争取人们摆脱这种异端，这也是道明会诞生的原因。他在普鲁伊勒成立了一所女修道院，收容受阿尔比派迷惑的妇女。道明会领导人于1216年在土鲁斯开会，决定采用圣奥古斯丁制订的隐修戒规，并确立其他制度。圣多米尼克还将位于巴黎大学和波隆那大学附近的房产献出，用于创办神学院。" + "圣多米尼克（约1170-1221年）全名为Santo Domingo de Guzman，是西班牙天主教布道托修会道明会的创始人。他在1196年加入了奥斯马修道院。1203年，圣多米尼克随奥斯马主教狄埃戈出使外国，期间注意到法国南部的阿尔比派异端所构成的威胁。1206年，在教宗使节和传道人无法制止阿尔比派的情况下，圣多米尼克提出教士应过严格的苦修生活以争取人们摆脱这种异端，这也是道明会诞生的原因。他在普鲁伊勒成立了一所女修道院，收容受阿尔比派迷惑的妇女。道明会领导人于1216年在土鲁斯开会，决定采用圣奥古斯丁制订的隐修戒规，并确立其他制度。圣多米尼克还将位于巴黎大学和波隆那大学附近的房产献出，用于创办神学院。" ], [ "道明会成立的初衷是什么？同时请回答道明会的教士是如何为此目标付诸实践的？", @@ -171240,7 +171240,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卫斯理1703～1791年Wesley, John圣公会牧师、福音传播者，与其弟查理同为基督教循道宗（卫斯理宗）的创始人。其父撒母耳曾为不从国教派教区长。毕业于牛津大学，1728年被任命为司铎。1729年加入其弟查理（1707～1788）成立宗教研究小组，他们强调在学习和灵修中循规蹈矩，被称为「循道派」。小组人数增加，并开始进行社会和慈善活动。在对北美乔治亚殖民地传教失败后回到伦敦，受到摩拉维亚教会的影响。1738年受到马丁路德神学的鼓励，使得他有了宗教上经验，认为人可以经由个人的信心而得到救赎。圣公会伦敦主教拒绝为到美洲工作的卫斯理派布道人员行按手礼，于是卫斯理在1784年开始亲自按立神职人员，并宣布他的教会完全脱离圣公会独立。\n\n你好，请问卫斯理宗的创立是在什么时期？", - "你好，Human！根据所提供的信息，卫斯理宗的创立可以追溯到18世纪。卫斯理宗的创始人约翰·卫斯理和他的弟弟查理·卫斯理是当时英国圣公会的牧师。他们在牛津大学时期开始关注宗教研究，并强调循规蹈矩的学习和灵修。后来，这个小组逐渐发展壮大，并从事社会慈善活动。1738年，受到马丁路德神学启发，卫斯理兄弟开始确立由个人信仰得救的信条。1784年，约翰·卫斯理开始亲自按立神职人员，宣布他们的教会完全脱离圣公会独立。所以，卫斯理宗的确立大致发生在18世纪中叶至18世纪末这个时期。" + "根据所提供的信息，卫斯理宗的创立可以追溯到18世纪。卫斯理宗的创始人约翰·卫斯理和他的弟弟查理·卫斯理是当时英国圣公会的牧师。他们在牛津大学时期开始关注宗教研究，并强调循规蹈矩的学习和灵修。后来，这个小组逐渐发展壮大，并从事社会慈善活动。1738年，受到马丁路德神学启发，卫斯理兄弟开始确立由个人信仰得救的信条。1784年，约翰·卫斯理开始亲自按立神职人员，宣布他们的教会完全脱离圣公会独立。所以，卫斯理宗的确立大致发生在18世纪中叶至18世纪末这个时期。" ], [ "卫斯理兄弟在学术和信仰上受到了哪些人的影响？", @@ -171335,7 +171335,7 @@ "history": [ [ "笨拙周刊Punch英国插图期刊，1841～1992年期间出版，1996年以改版形式重新发行。最初是激进的周刊，以其讽刺性幽默、漫画和卡通着称。早期着名的员工有萨克莱和但涅尔。1849～1956年一直使用多伊尔（Richard Doyle）的封面图画，虽然笨拙周刊的传统人物和他的狗托比总会出现在某处，但每期的封面却都不尽相同。\n\n我想了解一下英国的“笨拙周刊Punch”，你能给我讲讲它的一些概况信息吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。笨拙周刊Punch是一份英国插图期刊，最早始于1841年，中断过后在1996年以改版形式重新发行。它曾在1841年至1992年期间连续出版，原本是一份激进的周刊，以其讽刺性幽默、漫画和卡通而闻名。它的创刊初期有很多着名的员工，比如萨克莱（Thackeray）和但涅尔（Daniel）。从1849年到1956年，每一期的封面都使用了多伊尔（Richard Doyle）的图画。虽然每期封面上都会出现笨拙周刊的传统人物和他的狗托比，但每期的封面都是独一无二的。" + "当然可以。笨拙周刊Punch是一份英国插图期刊，最早始于1841年，中断过后在1996年以改版形式重新发行。它曾在1841年至1992年期间连续出版，原本是一份激进的周刊，以其讽刺性幽默、漫画和卡通而闻名。它的创刊初期有很多着名的员工，比如萨克莱（Thackeray）和但涅尔（Daniel）。从1849年到1956年，每一期的封面都使用了多伊尔（Richard Doyle）的图画。虽然每期封面上都会出现笨拙周刊的传统人物和他的狗托比，但每期的封面都是独一无二的。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍！那“笨拙周刊”的中文名称是如何得来的呢？", @@ -171838,7 +171838,7 @@ "history": [ [ "疼痛pain身体不适（如生病或受伤）相关的肉体痛苦，伴随有精神或情绪的苦恼。最简单的形式的疼痛是警报机构，让生物离开有害的刺激物（如针刺），有助于保护生物。更复杂的形式，例如在伴随抑郁或焦虑的慢性病状况，则会难以隔离与治疗。疼痛受体存在于皮肤与其他组织，是反应物理、热与化学刺激的神经纤维。疼痛脉冲进入脊髓并传送到脑干与丘脑。疼痛的感觉对不同个体有很大的差异；受到经验、文化见解（如两性刻板印象）与遗传构造的影响。药物、休息与鼓励是标准治疗方法。最强效的疼痛缓解药物是鸦片与吗啡，其次是无瘾的非麻醉镇痛药，如阿斯匹灵与伊布普洛芬。\n\n关于疼痛，能否告诉我它的定义和起源？", - "你好，Human！疼痛指的是身体不适（如生病或受伤）引起的肉体痛苦，常伴随精神或情绪的苦恼。最简单的形式的疼痛起到警报作用，让生物远离有害的刺激物，如针刺，这有助于保护生物。疼痛产生的原因是疼痛受体（存在于皮肤与其他组织上的神经纤维）受到物理、热或化学刺激，引发疼痛脉冲进入脊髓，并传送到脑干与丘脑。" + "疼痛指的是身体不适（如生病或受伤）引起的肉体痛苦，常伴随精神或情绪的苦恼。最简单的形式的疼痛起到警报作用，让生物远离有害的刺激物，如针刺，这有助于保护生物。疼痛产生的原因是疼痛受体（存在于皮肤与其他组织上的神经纤维）受到物理、热或化学刺激，引发疼痛脉冲进入脊髓，并传送到脑干与丘脑。" ], [ "疼痛的感觉在不同人之间有差异吗？", @@ -172039,7 +172039,7 @@ "history": [ [ "得文Devon英格兰西南部行政、地理和历史郡。位于康瓦耳（Cornwall）、多塞特（Dorset）和索美塞得（Somerset）郡之间，滨临布里斯托海峡（Bristol Channel）和英吉利海峡。郡内包括达特穆尔（Dartmoor）花岗岩高地，史前时代即有人居住。1348年诺曼人建起数座城堡。12～17世纪当地有重要采锡业，现已没落。现今经济以农业（以畜牧为基础）为主，也是着名的旅游地。爱塞特（Exeter）是郡行政中心。\n\n你好，请问得文郡在英国的哪个位置？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，得文郡位于英格兰西南部。它位于康瓦尔（Cornwall）、多塞特（Dorset）和索美塞得（Somerset）郡之间。得文郡的东北部与布里斯托海峡相接，南部则临近英吉利海峡。所以，得文郡的地理位置为英国西南部沿海的一个重要区域。" + "根据提供的信息，得文郡位于英格兰西南部。它位于康瓦尔（Cornwall）、多塞特（Dorset）和索美塞得（Somerset）郡之间。得文郡的东北部与布里斯托海峡相接，南部则临近英吉利海峡。所以，得文郡的地理位置为英国西南部沿海的一个重要区域。" ], [ "得文郡内有什么著名的景点？", @@ -172203,7 +172203,7 @@ "history": [ [ "未来学futurology研究当前趋势以预测未来发展之一门社会科学。其研究法则源自第二次世界大战快结束时发展出的，并检讨一场核战争的潜在后果。1960年代的研究是预测未来社会模式和需求。1972年梅多斯与麻省理工学院的同事联合发表《成长的极限》一文，报告中以全球各种社会经济趋势为重点，提出一项马尔萨斯式观点，认为人口增加、工业扩张、污染恶化、粮食生产不足、天然资源枯竭的速度如再以当前的趋势继续下去的话，势必导致世界秩序崩溃。有关这些观点和其他研究的评论，主要是针对所列举模式的局限性和由此提出的各项规划的主观臆断性。未来学家本身大致上认识到这种种困难，但却强调其分析技巧已因吸取数学、经济学、环境研究及电脑学各方面的研究成果而日趋精细。其他重要的未来学基本着作有托夫勒的《未来震撼》（1970）、贝尔的《后工业社会的来临》（1973）、谢尔的《地球的安危》（1982）和考尔德的《绿色机器》（1986）。\n\n关于未来学的历史起源和研究方向，能给我简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！未来学起源于第二次世界大战快结束时，旨在研究当前趋势并预测未来社会发展。最初的研究是为了检讨一场核战争可能产生的潜在后果。到了1960年代，未来学关注的领域逐渐转向预测未来社会模式和需求。未来学通过吸收数学、经济学、环境研究及电脑学等多个领域的研究成果，提高了分析技巧的精细程度。" + "未来学起源于第二次世界大战快结束时，旨在研究当前趋势并预测未来社会发展。最初的研究是为了检讨一场核战争可能产生的潜在后果。到了1960年代，未来学关注的领域逐渐转向预测未来社会模式和需求。未来学通过吸收数学、经济学、环境研究及电脑学等多个领域的研究成果，提高了分析技巧的精细程度。" ], [ "梅多斯发表的《成长的极限》一文有什么核心观点呢？", @@ -172306,7 +172306,7 @@ "history": [ [ "BASIC语言BASIC全名Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code1960年代中期的电脑程式语言，由科美尼和库尔茨（Thomas E Kurtz, 1928～）在达特茅斯学院（Dartmouth College）发展出来。这是简单的高阶语言之一，指令类似英文，学童和程式新手也相当容易学习。约自1980年以来，BASIC一直普遍用于个人电脑。\n\n请问BASIC语言的全名是什么？", - "你好，Human！BASIC语言的全名是Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code。这是一种在1960年代中期发展起来的电脑程序语言，设计之初的目的是为了让初学者更容易学习和使用。" + "BASIC语言的全名是Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code。这是一种在1960年代中期发展起来的电脑程序语言，设计之初的目的是为了让初学者更容易学习和使用。" ], [ "BASIC语言是由谁发明的？并且在哪个学院里发展出来的？", @@ -172367,7 +172367,7 @@ "history": [ [ "内伊湖Neagh, Lough北爱尔兰中北部的湖泊。是不列颠群岛中最大的湖泊，面积396平方公里。宽约24公里，长约29公里，但只有12公尺深。在它西北岸的图默湾中的古代沈积物中已经找到爱尔兰最古老的人类手工制品。1959年的洪水控制工程已明显降低了湖面的水平。\n\n内伊湖Neagh, Lough是不列颠群岛中的最大湖泊，请问它具体位于哪个国家和地区？", - "你好，Human。内伊湖（Lough Neagh）位于北爱尔兰的中北部地区。这个湖泊是不列颠群岛中最大的湖泊，占地约396平方公里。它拥有很多有趣的特征，如沙滩、森林等，成为了许多游客的旅行目的地。" + "内伊湖（Lough Neagh）位于北爱尔兰的中北部地区。这个湖泊是不列颠群岛中最大的湖泊，占地约396平方公里。它拥有很多有趣的特征，如沙滩、森林等，成为了许多游客的旅行目的地。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。我想了解一下，内伊湖的形状和大小有什么特点？", @@ -172478,7 +172478,7 @@ "history": [ [ "萨瓦河Sava River欧洲南部巴尔干半岛西部河流。全长940公里，其流域涵盖了斯洛维尼亚、克罗埃西亚、波士尼亚及塞尔维亚北部的大部分地区。发源于尤利安阿尔卑斯山脉，源头为两条河，在拉多夫利察汇合。后流经斯洛维尼亚和克罗埃西亚，形成了克罗埃西亚和波士尼亚的边界，最终在贝尔格勒与多瑙河汇合流向塞尔维亚。\n\n你好，请问萨瓦河是哪个国家或地区的河流？", - "你好，Human！萨瓦河位于欧洲南部的巴尔干半岛西部。它流经斯洛维尼亚、克罗埃西亚、波士尼亚和赫塞哥维纳，以及塞尔维亚北部的大部分地区。这些国家或地区都位于萨瓦河流域内。" + "萨瓦河位于欧洲南部的巴尔干半岛西部。它流经斯洛维尼亚、克罗埃西亚、波士尼亚和赫塞哥维纳，以及塞尔维亚北部的大部分地区。这些国家或地区都位于萨瓦河流域内。" ], [ "请告诉我萨瓦河的长度以及源头所在地。", @@ -172664,7 +172664,7 @@ "history": [ [ "枇杷loquat蔷薇科亚热带乔木，学名Eriobotrya japonica。与苹果等温带果树有亲缘关系。常栽培于公园和庭园以供观赏，高逾10公尺者较少见，通常修成平坦的观赏树形作为墙树。叶簇生于枝端，叶缘粗齿裂。花小，白色，芳香，圆锥花序顶生。果小，橘黄色，果味酸度适口，可直接生食、焖熟，或做成果冻或甜露酒。在许多亚热带地区，通常小面积商业化栽培。\n\n你好，请问枇杷树是什么样的植物？", - "你好，Human。枇杷（学名：Eriobotrya japonica）是蔷薇科的一种亚热带乔木植物，与苹果等温带果树有亲缘关系。它通常被栽培于公园和庭园用以观赏。枇杷树高度一般不超过10米，通常修剪成平坦的观赏树形。其叶子簇生于枝端，叶缘粗齿裂；花朵则小巧，呈白色，散发芳香，为顶生圆锥花序。同时，枇杷树还会结果实，果实呈橘黄色，口感适中，可直接食用或做成果冻、甜露酒等美食。" + "枇杷（学名：Eriobotrya japonica）是蔷薇科的一种亚热带乔木植物，与苹果等温带果树有亲缘关系。它通常被栽培于公园和庭园用以观赏。枇杷树高度一般不超过10米，通常修剪成平坦的观赏树形。其叶子簇生于枝端，叶缘粗齿裂；花朵则小巧，呈白色，散发芳香，为顶生圆锥花序。同时，枇杷树还会结果实，果实呈橘黄色，口感适中，可直接食用或做成果冻、甜露酒等美食。" ], [ "能详细介绍一下枇杷果的食用方式吗？", @@ -172744,7 +172744,7 @@ "history": [ [ "先验知识a priori在知识论（epistemology）中，指与一切具体经验无关的知识，与后验的（a posteriori）（或说从经验得来的）知识相对立。两者均源自中世纪经院哲学家对亚里斯多德（Aristotle）理念的辩论（参阅scholasticism）。它们现行的用法，由康德（Immanuel Kant）首创，他提出分析-综合区别（analytic-synthetic distinction）来搭配先验-后验区别（a priori-a posteriori distinction），藉以定义其知识理论。\n\n你好，请问你能简单地解释一下什么是先验知识和后验知识吗？", - "你好，Human。当然可以。先验知识（a priori）是指与一切具体经验无关的知识，而后验知识（a posteriori）是指从经验得来的知识。先验知识主要来源于推理、逻辑和内省，而后验知识则来自于观察、实验和实践经验。这两个概念在哲学上相互对立，并且可以帮助我们更好地理解知识如何产生以及有哪些不同类型。" + "当然可以。先验知识（a priori）是指与一切具体经验无关的知识，而后验知识（a posteriori）是指从经验得来的知识。先验知识主要来源于推理、逻辑和内省，而后验知识则来自于观察、实验和实践经验。这两个概念在哲学上相互对立，并且可以帮助我们更好地理解知识如何产生以及有哪些不同类型。" ], [ "这两个概念的来源是什么呢？", @@ -173041,7 +173041,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿斯塔特Astarte亦作Ashtart古代近东地区所崇拜的女神，地中海主要海港提尔、西顿（Sidon）和埃拉特等地以之为主神。阿斯塔特和她的姊妹安娜特（Anath）有许多共同之处，并被认为可能同起一源。为爱情和战争女神，在埃及、迦南和西台人中被崇奉。她在阿卡德地区相对应的女神是伊什塔尔。在《圣经》上提及的名字是阿什脱雷思（Ashtoreth），后来，阿斯塔特的神坛被约西亚所毁。在埃及，她被伊希斯和哈托尔所同化，而在希腊罗马人的世界中，她化身为爱芙罗黛蒂、阿提米丝和朱诺。\n\n请问阿斯塔特是哪个地区的女神？", - "你好，Human！阿斯塔特（Astarte）是古代近东地区所崇拜的女神。她在地中海主要海港如提尔、西顿（Sidon）和埃拉特等地被奉为主神。阿斯塔特主要是爱情和战争女神，在埃及、迦南和西台人中被尊崇。希望这能帮助你了解她的背景。" + "阿斯塔特（Astarte）是古代近东地区所崇拜的女神。她在地中海主要海港如提尔、西顿（Sidon）和埃拉特等地被奉为主神。阿斯塔特主要是爱情和战争女神，在埃及、迦南和西台人中被尊崇。希望这能帮助你了解她的背景。" ], [ "阿斯塔特和伊什塔尔之间有什么关系？", @@ -173293,7 +173293,7 @@ "history": [ [ "细菌学bacteriology微生物学的一个分支，专门研究细菌的学科。细菌形态的现代概念始于科恩，其他的研究者如：巴斯德，发现细菌和发酵与疾病之间有密切关系。现代细菌学研究的方法学始于19世纪晚期，包括建立细菌染色方法和在培养基中进行微生物分离的技术，当时的培养基是用明胶和琼脂固化的营养物质。这个时期最重大发现是巴斯德成功地在动物身上免疫了二种细菌性疾病，这项成果打开了通往现代免疫学研究的大门－－即用疫苗和免疫血清治疗和预防疾病。亦请参阅microbiology。\n\n请问你可以给我简单介绍一下细菌学吗？", - "你好，Human！细菌学是微生物学的一个分支，主要研究细菌。细菌是一种单细胞微生物，细菌学研究涉及它们的形态、生理、遗传和与疾病之间的关系等方面。现代细菌学概念的奠基人是科恩，而巴斯德等研究者发现了细菌与发酵以及疾病之间的密切关系。现代细菌学研究方法的发展始于19世纪晚期，包括细菌染色方法和在培养基上分离微生物的技术。巴斯德成功免疫了两种细菌性疾病，为现代免疫学的研究奠定了基础。" + "细菌学是微生物学的一个分支，主要研究细菌。细菌是一种单细胞微生物，细菌学研究涉及它们的形态、生理、遗传和与疾病之间的关系等方面。现代细菌学概念的奠基人是科恩，而巴斯德等研究者发现了细菌与发酵以及疾病之间的密切关系。现代细菌学研究方法的发展始于19世纪晚期，包括细菌染色方法和在培养基上分离微生物的技术。巴斯德成功免疫了两种细菌性疾病，为现代免疫学的研究奠定了基础。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。那么细菌和发酵以及疾病之间是如何发现有关联的呢？", @@ -173392,7 +173392,7 @@ "history": [ [ "重金主义bullionism重商主义的货币政策，主张由国家管制外汇和贵重金属块（金条）的交易，以维持本国的贸易顺差。与这种货币政策关系最密切的国家是西班牙，它在16～17世纪期间的长时间内非常成功地从新世界殖民地攫取大量金银。因此，主张贸易差额会增加金银货币供给的理论和实践得以发展。西班牙刮光殖民地的金银，向他国大量购买货物和劳务，终于耗尽财富而不曾发展本国的工业，使西班牙从一个最富有的国家变成欧洲最贫穷的国家之一。\n\n请问重金主义是什么？", - "你好，Human。重金主义（Bullionism）是一种货币政策，它主张国家管制外汇和贵重金属块（如金条）的交易，目的是维持本国的贸易顺差。重金主义认为贸易差额会增加金银货币供给，从而提升国家财富。其中最典型的实例是16-17世纪的西班牙，它通过殖民地攫取大量金银，来实施这一政策。" + "重金主义（Bullionism）是一种货币政策，它主张国家管制外汇和贵重金属块（如金条）的交易，目的是维持本国的贸易顺差。重金主义认为贸易差额会增加金银货币供给，从而提升国家财富。其中最典型的实例是16-17世纪的西班牙，它通过殖民地攫取大量金银，来实施这一政策。" ], [ "西班牙在那个时期为什么会选择实行重金主义？", @@ -173777,7 +173777,7 @@ "history": [ [ "夸希奥科kwashiorkor亦称蛋白质营养不良。因蛋白质严重不足而造成的疾病。在热带和亚热带地区，断奶后的幼儿主要食用淀粉类食品，如谷物、木薯、大蕉和番薯，很容易出现这种情况。表现为腹部鼓胀、水肿、虚弱、过敏、皮肤干燥有皮疹、毛发变成橘红色、腹泻、贫血以及肝脏沈积脂肪等，精神发育可能受阻。早年得过这种病的成人易患某些疾病，如肝硬化。治疗方法是补充蛋白质，食用脱脂奶粉颇具疗效。从长远的预防来看，应鼓励根据当地的饮食倾向和可利用性来开发高蛋白的植物性混合食物。非饮食的原因有：肠道对营养的不恰当吸收、慢性酒精中毒、肾病以及创伤（例如感染、烧伤）等，这些都会造成不正常的蛋白质损失。\n\n你好，请问你知道kwashiorkor病是什么吗？", - "你好，Human！kwashiorkor病也称为蛋白质营养不良，是一种由于蛋白质摄入严重不足而引发的疾病。这种病症主要发生在热带和亚热带地区，因为那里的断奶幼儿经常摄入以淀粉类食品为主的饮食，如谷物、木薯、大蕉和番薯。这类疾病会导致一系列症状，如腹部鼓胀、水肿、虚弱、过敏、皮肤干燥有皮疹、毛发变成橘红色、腹泻、贫血和肝脏沈积脂肪等。另外，这种病症可能会影响患者的精神发育。" + "kwashiorkor病也称为蛋白质营养不良，是一种由于蛋白质摄入严重不足而引发的疾病。这种病症主要发生在热带和亚热带地区，因为那里的断奶幼儿经常摄入以淀粉类食品为主的饮食，如谷物、木薯、大蕉和番薯。这类疾病会导致一系列症状，如腹部鼓胀、水肿、虚弱、过敏、皮肤干燥有皮疹、毛发变成橘红色、腹泻、贫血和肝脏沈积脂肪等。另外，这种病症可能会影响患者的精神发育。" ], [ "这种病如何治疗呢？", @@ -174666,7 +174666,7 @@ "history": [ [ "锡特拉尔特佩特Citlaltépetl亦作Orizaba墨西哥中南部的休火山。位于墨西哥高原南端，海拔5,610公尺，其匀称而白雪皑皑的火山锥是墨西哥境内最高山，也是北美洲第三高峰。1687年以后火山开始休眠。\n\n上面的信息内容是关于一座位于墨西哥中南部的休火山，那么这座山是怎么起名为Citlaltépetl的呢？", - "你好，Human！Citlaltépetl这个名字来源于纳瓦特尔语（Nahuatl），其中“Citlalli”意味着星星，“Tépetl”意味着山。所以Citlaltépetl的意思是“星星之山”。这个名字可能源于这座山的卓越地形特征，使其在夜晚的天空中熠熠生辉，就像星星一样。" + "Citlaltépetl这个名字来源于纳瓦特尔语（Nahuatl），其中“Citlalli”意味着星星，“Tépetl”意味着山。所以Citlaltépetl的意思是“星星之山”。这个名字可能源于这座山的卓越地形特征，使其在夜晚的天空中熠熠生辉，就像星星一样。" ], [ "那为什么这座山还被称作Orizaba呢？", @@ -174864,7 +174864,7 @@ "history": [ [ "皮尔彻德鱼pilchard英国对其他地方所指的欧洲沙丁鱼（Sardina pilchardus或Clupea pilchardus）的俗称。分布于地中海地区，以及西班牙、葡萄牙、法国和英国的大西洋沿岸。\n\n请问皮尔彻德鱼是什么？", - "你好，Human！皮尔彻德鱼是英国对欧洲沙丁鱼（学名：Sardina pilchardus 或 Clupea pilchardus）的俗称。它们主要分布在地中海地区，以及西班牙、葡萄牙、法国和英国的大西洋沿岸。" + "皮尔彻德鱼是英国对欧洲沙丁鱼（学名：Sardina pilchardus 或 Clupea pilchardus）的俗称。它们主要分布在地中海地区，以及西班牙、葡萄牙、法国和英国的大西洋沿岸。" ], [ "欧洲沙丁鱼和其他沙丁鱼有什么区别？", @@ -175005,7 +175005,7 @@ "history": [ [ "抗组织胺药antihistamine缓解或消除周围组织内组织胺效应的药物，有多种。抗组织胺药不能阻止组织胺的释放，但能干扰或阻滞组织中两种组织胺受体。常用的抗组织胺药可阻滞其中一类受体，用于防止过敏和炎症（inflammation）。逾百种本类药物用来治疗晕动病（motion sickness）和眩晕，嗜睡是成人常见的副作用。阻断第二类组织胺受体可抑制胃酸的分泌，1970年代出现的甲氰咪胺即这类受体的阻断剂，现已广泛用于消化性溃疡的治疗。\n\n我刚刚了解了一些关于抗组织胺药的信息，请问这类药物是如何帮助缓解过敏反应和炎症的？", - "你好，Human。抗组织胺药主要是通过干扰或阻滞组织中的两种组织胺受体来缓解或消除周围组织内组织胺效应。常用的抗组织胺药主要作用在一类受体上，它们能阻断这类受体与组织胺结合，从而减轻过敏和炎症症状。需要注意的是，抗组织胺药并不能阻止组织胺的释放，只能降低组织胺对受体的影响。" + "抗组织胺药主要是通过干扰或阻滞组织中的两种组织胺受体来缓解或消除周围组织内组织胺效应。常用的抗组织胺药主要作用在一类受体上，它们能阻断这类受体与组织胺结合，从而减轻过敏和炎症症状。需要注意的是，抗组织胺药并不能阻止组织胺的释放，只能降低组织胺对受体的影响。" ], [ "那么使用抗组织胺药之后有什么常见的副作用呢？", @@ -175024,7 +175024,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯多克东Stockton美国加州中部城市，临圣华金河，通过该河126公里长的深水道和旧金山湾相连。为美国两大内陆港口之一，建于1847年，1849年淘金热期间迅速发展为矿业供给点。建起灌溉系统和铁路后，成为农产品和酒的市场。1933年凿通深水河道后，成为主要港市和美国太平洋战区补给品储存地。人口约233,000（1996）。\n\n关于美国加州中部城市斯多克东（Stockton），我想了解一些信息。请问斯多克东的地理位置如何？", - "你好，Human！斯多克东位于美国加州中部，临圣华金河。通过该河的一条126公里长的深水道，斯多克东与旧金山湾相连。所以它的地理位置非常便利，受益于水路交通网络。" + "斯多克东位于美国加州中部，临圣华金河。通过该河的一条126公里长的深水道，斯多克东与旧金山湾相连。所以它的地理位置非常便利，受益于水路交通网络。" ], [ "能否告诉我斯多克东的发展历史？", @@ -175169,7 +175169,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鸡chicken人类饲养最普遍的家禽之一，其肉与蛋可供食用。鸡源出于原鸡（Gallus gallus），已驯化约四千年，但直到西元1800年前后，鸡肉和鸡蛋才成为大量生产的商品。现代高容量鸡场，有许多排鸡笼装置在室内以控制热量、光照和湿度，是在1920年左右才大量出现的。母鸡饲养以供肉用和蛋用。大多数雏公鸡经过阉割后成为肉禽，叫阉鸡。最初鸡肉只是产卵的副产物，只有产卵力衰退的鸡才杀了卖肉，但到20世纪中期，肉生产已超过卵生产，已成为专业化行业。参阅prairie chicken。\n\n请你给我简要介绍一下鸡肉和鸡蛋从古到今的发展历程。", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，鸡（chicken）是人类饲养的最普遍家禽之一。它起源于原鸡（Gallus gallus），已经被驯化约四千年。不过，直到公元1800年前后，鸡肉和鸡蛋才开始被大量生产。20世纪初，现代化的高容量鸡场逐渐出现，使用排鸡笼装置并可控制室内热量、光照和湿度。在这个过程中，肉鸡和蛋鸡分工开始明确，肉鸡逐渐成为专业化行业。" + "根据你提供的信息，鸡（chicken）是人类饲养的最普遍家禽之一。它起源于原鸡（Gallus gallus），已经被驯化约四千年。不过，直到公元1800年前后，鸡肉和鸡蛋才开始被大量生产。20世纪初，现代化的高容量鸡场逐渐出现，使用排鸡笼装置并可控制室内热量、光照和湿度。在这个过程中，肉鸡和蛋鸡分工开始明确，肉鸡逐渐成为专业化行业。" ], [ "现代高容量鸡场是怎样控制热量、光照和湿度的呢？", @@ -175230,7 +175230,7 @@ "history": [ [ "白粉蝶white butterfly鳞翅目粉蝶科昆虫。粉蝶科共1,000多种，除白粉蝶外还包括黄蝶和橙尖粉蝶两类，世界性分布。成虫翅展37～63公厘，翅白色，翅缘有黑色斑纹，许多种表现颜色和花纹的雌雄二态性及季节二态性。幼虫色青绿，多被绒毛。蛹以尾端棘及丝带挂附树枝上。亦请参阅cabbage white。\n\n请问白粉蝶是一种什么样的昆虫？它们的特点是什么？", - "你好，Human！白粉蝶是一种属于鳞翅目粉蝶科的昆虫。它们的翅膀呈白色，翅缘有黑色斑纹。它们的翅展范围在37至63毫米之间。许多种白粉蝶显示出雌雄二态性和季节二态性，即雌性和雄性个体在颜色和花纹上有所差异，不同季节的个体也有所不同。此外，粉蝶科昆虫除了包括白粉蝶，还包括黄蝶和橙尖粉蝶两类，这些昆虫分布在全球范围内。" + "白粉蝶是一种属于鳞翅目粉蝶科的昆虫。它们的翅膀呈白色，翅缘有黑色斑纹。它们的翅展范围在37至63毫米之间。许多种白粉蝶显示出雌雄二态性和季节二态性，即雌性和雄性个体在颜色和花纹上有所差异，不同季节的个体也有所不同。此外，粉蝶科昆虫除了包括白粉蝶，还包括黄蝶和橙尖粉蝶两类，这些昆虫分布在全球范围内。" ], [ "多谢解答！那白粉蝶的幼虫和蛹又有什么特征呢？", @@ -175249,7 +175249,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圆锥帐篷tepee北美大平原印第安人居住的高大帐篷。圆锥帐篷适合捕杀野牛的印第安游牧部落，可折叠并可用马匹拖运。圆锥帐篷由特定尺寸磨光展开后的野牛皮和20～30根木桩组成，所有的野牛皮延伸至帐篷顶端并在顶端被绑扎结实。帐篷顶端有一个可卷起的口盖，以便散烟；底部也有一个口盖，用作吊门。尽管棚屋、窝棚、泥盖木屋和圆顶屋等作用不下于圆锥帐篷，但圆锥帐篷还是成为印第安人的普遍标志。\n\n我刚刚了解到北美印第安人居住的圆锥帐篷tepee，能向我简单介绍一下它的特点吗？", - "你好，Human！圆锥帐篷tepee是北美大平原印第安人居住的高大帐篷，它适合捕杀野牛的印第安游牧部落使用。它的特点在于能被折叠，便于马匹拖运。圆锥帐篷由磨光展开后的特定尺寸的野牛皮和20-30根木桩组成，所有野牛皮都延伸至帐篷顶端并在顶端被结实绑扎。帐篷顶端有一个可卷起的口盖，用来散烟，底部还有一个口盖，作为吊门。尽管还有其他类型的住所如棚屋、窝棚、泥盖木屋和圆顶屋等，但圆锥帐篷成为了印第安人的普遍标志。" + "圆锥帐篷tepee是北美大平原印第安人居住的高大帐篷，它适合捕杀野牛的印第安游牧部落使用。它的特点在于能被折叠，便于马匹拖运。圆锥帐篷由磨光展开后的特定尺寸的野牛皮和20-30根木桩组成，所有野牛皮都延伸至帐篷顶端并在顶端被结实绑扎。帐篷顶端有一个可卷起的口盖，用来散烟，底部还有一个口盖，作为吊门。尽管还有其他类型的住所如棚屋、窝棚、泥盖木屋和圆顶屋等，但圆锥帐篷成为了印第安人的普遍标志。" ], [ "请问圆锥帐篷为什么适合捕杀野牛的印第安游牧部落？", @@ -175519,7 +175519,7 @@ "history": [ [ "基督教民主联盟Christian Democratic Union (CDU)德国政党。主张调节性的经济竞争，并在外交政策方面同美国密切合作。从1948年西德成立共和国起至1969年为西德的执政党，1982～1969年再度当政。1990年与总理柯尔监督完成德国的统一。随后几年中以基督教民主联盟为首的联合政府面临大众对统一后经济负担的不满，但在1994年的选举中联合政府继续掌权，只是席次减少。1999年爆发多桩金融贪污案严重损害该党和前总理柯尔的名声。参阅Adenauer, Konrad和Christian Democracy。\n\n你好，我想了解一下基督教民主联盟（CDU）的历史，能帮我解释一下它的发展过程吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。基督教民主联盟（CDU）自1948年西德共和国成立以来，一直在德国政治中发挥着重要作用。它曾在1948年至1969年，以及1982年至1998年两个阶段领导德国政府。CDU是一个主张调节性经济竞争，倾向于与美国在外交政策方面保持紧密合作的政党。在1990年统一德国的过程中，CDU在总理科尔的带领下尽快完成了德国的统一。1994年的选举中，联合政府虽然继续掌权，但席次减少。到了1999年，柯尔和CDU政党的名声受到金融贪污丑闻的影响。这就是基督教民主联盟大致的历史发展过程，如果你还有什么问题，可以随时告诉我。" + "当然可以。基督教民主联盟（CDU）自1948年西德共和国成立以来，一直在德国政治中发挥着重要作用。它曾在1948年至1969年，以及1982年至1998年两个阶段领导德国政府。CDU是一个主张调节性经济竞争，倾向于与美国在外交政策方面保持紧密合作的政党。在1990年统一德国的过程中，CDU在总理科尔的带领下尽快完成了德国的统一。1994年的选举中，联合政府虽然继续掌权，但席次减少。到了1999年，柯尔和CDU政党的名声受到金融贪污丑闻的影响。这就是基督教民主联盟大致的历史发展过程，如果你还有什么问题，可以随时告诉我。" ], [ "谢谢详细的解释！那么，CDU主张调节性经济竞争具体是什么意思呢？", @@ -175748,7 +175748,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马库姆巴教Macumba融合传统的非洲宗教、巴西降灵论和天主教而成的非洲－巴西宗教。在巴西马库姆巴教的几个派别中，最重要的是康东布莱派（Candomble）和翁班达派（Umbanda）。源自非洲的成分包括一个户外举行礼拜的场所、以动物（如公鸡）为祭品，以物供奉神灵（如蜡烛和鲜花），并表演舞蹈。马库姆巴教的宗教仪式由灵媒主持，他呈昏迷状态俯卧在地，与圣灵沟通。天主教的成分包括十字架和崇敬圣人，这些圣人都有非洲名称。\n\n我想了解一下关于马库姆巴教Macumba的起源和组成部分。", - "你好，Human！非常高兴为你解答有关马库姆巴教的问题。马库姆巴教是一种非洲－巴西宗教，它融合了传统的非洲宗教、巴西降灵论和天主教的元素。最重要的两个派别是康东布莱派（Candomble）和翁班达派（Umbanda）。马库姆巴教的非洲成分包括户外举行礼拜的场所、以动物（如公鸡）为祭品，以物供奉神灵（如蜡烛和鲜花），并表演舞蹈。天主教的成分主要体现在使用十字架和对圣人的崇敬，其中这些圣人都有非洲名称。" + "非常高兴为你解答有关马库姆巴教的问题。马库姆巴教是一种非洲－巴西宗教，它融合了传统的非洲宗教、巴西降灵论和天主教的元素。最重要的两个派别是康东布莱派（Candomble）和翁班达派（Umbanda）。马库姆巴教的非洲成分包括户外举行礼拜的场所、以动物（如公鸡）为祭品，以物供奉神灵（如蜡烛和鲜花），并表演舞蹈。天主教的成分主要体现在使用十字架和对圣人的崇敬，其中这些圣人都有非洲名称。" ], [ "请告诉我关于马库姆巴教仪式的一些细节。", @@ -175900,7 +175900,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿拉伯马Arabian horse最早的改良马品种。快速、力强、体形美、聪明、温驯而受人珍爱。其历史并无明确记载，然西元7世纪时在阿拉伯一带已有繁殖。许多现代轻型马的优良品质均可溯源到阿拉伯马。阿拉伯马身材较小而坚实。头小，眼突出，鼻孔宽大，肩隆明显，背短。身高约15手（60寸或152公分），体重800～1,000磅（360～450公斤）。毛色多样，以灰色为主。\n\n请问阿拉伯马是什么样的马？", - "你好，Human！阿拉伯马（Arabian horse）是一种非常受人喜爱的改良马品种。它以速度快、力量强、体形美、智慧高和温驯著称。阿拉伯马的确切历史没有明确的记录，但据了解，在公元7世纪时阿拉伯地区就已经存在繁殖。很多现代轻型马的优良品质都可以追溯到阿拉伯马。" + "阿拉伯马（Arabian horse）是一种非常受人喜爱的改良马品种。它以速度快、力量强、体形美、智慧高和温驯著称。阿拉伯马的确切历史没有明确的记录，但据了解，在公元7世纪时阿拉伯地区就已经存在繁殖。很多现代轻型马的优良品质都可以追溯到阿拉伯马。" ], [ "请详细描述一下阿拉伯马的外貌特征。", @@ -175957,7 +175957,7 @@ "history": [ [ "艺术史art history即视觉艺术的历史研究，目的在认同、分类、描述、评估、诠释，并了解其艺术本质及传统的学问。艺术史的研究包括了︰了解艺术创作者是何人；确认艺术品是否发自艺术家本人心性而作；决定艺术品在文化发展中或艺术家生涯中属何期作品；分析艺术家受历史影响的程度；收集有关艺术家和从事该项艺术的地点及归属性的文献资料。象征及主题物件的分析为此领域主要关注的项目。\n\n我想了解一下艺术史的研究方法和关注的主要领域。", - "你好，Human！艺术史是对视觉艺术的历史进行研究，旨在认同、分类、描述、评估、诠释不同艺术作品并了解其艺术本质及传统的学问。研究方法主要包括了解艺术创作者是谁；确认艺术品是否发自艺术家本人心性而作；决定艺术品在文化发展中或艺术家生涯中属何期作品；分析艺术家受历史影响的程度；收集有关艺术家和从事该项艺术的地点及归属性的文献资料。在这一领域，象征和主题物件的分析是非常重要的。" + "艺术史是对视觉艺术的历史进行研究，旨在认同、分类、描述、评估、诠释不同艺术作品并了解其艺术本质及传统的学问。研究方法主要包括了解艺术创作者是谁；确认艺术品是否发自艺术家本人心性而作；决定艺术品在文化发展中或艺术家生涯中属何期作品；分析艺术家受历史影响的程度；收集有关艺术家和从事该项艺术的地点及归属性的文献资料。在这一领域，象征和主题物件的分析是非常重要的。" ] ] }, @@ -176110,7 +176110,7 @@ "history": [ [ "库里蒂巴Curitiba巴西南部巴拉那州首府。位于巴西高原伊瓜苏河源头附近，海拔930公尺。1654年建为金矿营地，1854年成为州首府。自19世纪初起涌入许多欧洲移民，到20世纪又有大批叙利亚和日本移民。为现代化商业中心和主教区中心，市内的大教堂（1894）仿自巴塞隆纳大教堂。人口：都会区约2,270,000（1995）。\n\n你好，请问库里蒂巴是巴西的哪个州的首府？", - "你好，Human！库里蒂巴是巴西南部巴拉那州的首府。这个城市位于伊瓜苏河源头附近的巴西高原上，海拔930米。巴拉那州是巴西的一个重要省份，库里蒂巴作为其首府具有很高的政治地位。" + "库里蒂巴是巴西南部巴拉那州的首府。这个城市位于伊瓜苏河源头附近的巴西高原上，海拔930米。巴拉那州是巴西的一个重要省份，库里蒂巴作为其首府具有很高的政治地位。" ], [ "库里蒂巴的历史可以追溯到哪一年？", @@ -176236,7 +176236,7 @@ "history": [ [ "邓斯司各脱1266?～1308年Duns Scotus, John中世纪苏格兰经院哲学家和神学家。为纯洁受胎说提出权威性答辩，认为意志优于理智，爱优于知识，宇宙的本质由爱、而不是由上帝的先知构成；在唯实论和唯名论的争论中，他主张普遍概念以个体的「共同本性」为基础的观点虽然使他成为奥坎唯名论攻击的主要目标，但这一观点后来深刻地影响着美国哲学家皮尔斯（C S Peirce）；极力捍卫教宗权力，以反对国王的神圣权力；其直觉认识理论使日内瓦改革者喀尔文受启发。1288～1301年在牛津大学学习神学，1302～1303年在巴黎讲课，1307年在科隆任教授。他曾与道明会首领进行一场重大论争，反对物质是个体性要素的论点。主要作品《体系》和《各种问题》是他死后由学生们完成的。\n\n我想了解一下关于邓斯司各脱的一些信息，他是谁？", - "你好，Human。邓斯司各脱（John Duns Scotus，约1266-1308年）是中世纪的一位苏格兰经院哲学家和神学家。他在神学和哲学方面的研究和贡献具有很高的影响力，主张意志优于理智，爱优于知识。他还认为宇宙的本质是由爱而不是由上帝的先知构成的。邓斯司各脱为了纯洁受胎说提出了权威性的答辩，他捍卫教宗权力，反对国王神圣的权力。他的学说对后来的许多思想家产生了深刻影响。" + "邓斯司各脱（John Duns Scotus，约1266-1308年）是中世纪的一位苏格兰经院哲学家和神学家。他在神学和哲学方面的研究和贡献具有很高的影响力，主张意志优于理智，爱优于知识。他还认为宇宙的本质是由爱而不是由上帝的先知构成的。邓斯司各脱为了纯洁受胎说提出了权威性的答辩，他捍卫教宗权力，反对国王神圣的权力。他的学说对后来的许多思想家产生了深刻影响。" ], [ "他对纯洁受胎说是如何进行权威性答辩的？", @@ -176413,7 +176413,7 @@ "history": [ [ "何内克1912～1994年Honecker, Erich德国共产主义首脑，东德统一社会党书记（1971～1989）和国务委员会主席（1976～1989）。作为德国共产党党员，1935～1945年被纳粹逮捕入狱。1946年在东德建立并领导自由德国青年联盟，1961年负责监督修筑柏林围墙。后继乌布利希（W Ulbricht）成为东德首脑，在他的统治下，东德成为苏联集团国家中最压制但又是最繁荣的国家。他准许与西德发展某些贸易和旅行往来，以换取经济援助。1989年共产主义瓦解后被迫辞职。\n\n根据这段信息，请简要介绍一下何内克是谁？", - "你好，Human！根据所提供的信息，何内克（Erich Honecker）是东德统一社会党的领导人和国务委员会的主席。他于1971年至1989年担任东德统一社会党书记，1976年至1989年担任国务委员会主席。作为德国共产党党员，他在纳粹时期被关押入狱。在东德建立之后，他曾经领导自由德国青年联盟，并负责监督柏林围墙的修筑。他实现了东德与西德之间的部分贸易与旅行往来，以换取经济援助，使得东德成为苏联集团国家中最压制但又是最繁荣的国家。在1989年共产主义瓦解后，他被迫辞职。" + "根据所提供的信息，何内克（Erich Honecker）是东德统一社会党的领导人和国务委员会的主席。他于1971年至1989年担任东德统一社会党书记，1976年至1989年担任国务委员会主席。作为德国共产党党员，他在纳粹时期被关押入狱。在东德建立之后，他曾经领导自由德国青年联盟，并负责监督柏林围墙的修筑。他实现了东德与西德之间的部分贸易与旅行往来，以换取经济援助，使得东德成为苏联集团国家中最压制但又是最繁荣的国家。在1989年共产主义瓦解后，他被迫辞职。" ], [ "请问何内克在被纳粹逮捕期间的情况是什么样的？", @@ -176584,7 +176584,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伊普苏斯战役Ipsus, Battle of这场战役标志着安提哥那一世及其儿子德米特里一世在弗里吉亚（Phrygia）的伊普苏斯，败给色雷斯的利西马科斯（Lysimachus）、巴比伦的塞琉古一世、埃及的托勒密一世以及马其顿的卡山得（Cassander）。结果安提哥那被杀，丧失了他的亚洲领土，但德米特里保住在希腊和马其顿的领土。这场战役是亚历山大大帝帝国中两派继承者的领土之争。\n\n你好，请问伊普苏斯战役中的主要交战方是哪些？", - "你好，Human！伊普苏斯战役中的主要交战方有两派。一派是安提哥那一世及其儿子德米特里一世，另一派是利西马科斯、塞琉古一世、托勒密一世和卡山得。这场战役是亚历山大大帝帝国中两派继承者的领土之争。" + "伊普苏斯战役中的主要交战方有两派。一派是安提哥那一世及其儿子德米特里一世，另一派是利西马科斯、塞琉古一世、托勒密一世和卡山得。这场战役是亚历山大大帝帝国中两派继承者的领土之争。" ], [ "谢谢解答。安提哥那一世和德米特里一世在这场战役中的结局如何呢？", @@ -176622,7 +176622,7 @@ "history": [ [ "艾塞克斯派Essex Junto麻州联邦党（Federalist）政治领袖的一个非正式集团，成员主要来自于艾塞克斯公司（Essex Co）。成员支持汉弥尔顿，反对杰佛逊，要求和英国友好，反对禁运法和1812年战争。领导人包括皮克令，试图在新英格兰组成另一个联盟，而参加了哈特福特会议（Hartford Convention）。1814年之后重要性渐失。\n\n你好，请问你可以告诉我艾塞克斯派Essex Junto是一个什么样的组织吗？", - "你好，Human！艾塞克斯派Essex Junto是一个由麻州联邦党（Federalist）政治领袖组成的非正式集团。他们的成员主要来自于艾塞克斯公司（Essex Co）。这个组织的成员支持汉弥尔顿（Alexander Hamilton），反对托马斯·杰斐逊（Thomas Jefferson）。他们主张和英国保持友好关系，并反对禁运法和1812年战争。希望这个解释对你理解艾塞克斯派有所帮助。" + "艾塞克斯派Essex Junto是一个由麻州联邦党（Federalist）政治领袖组成的非正式集团。他们的成员主要来自于艾塞克斯公司（Essex Co）。这个组织的成员支持汉弥尔顿（Alexander Hamilton），反对托马斯·杰斐逊（Thomas Jefferson）。他们主张和英国保持友好关系，并反对禁运法和1812年战争。希望这个解释对你理解艾塞克斯派有所帮助。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答，那么这个组织的主要领导人包括哪些人呢？", @@ -176683,7 +176683,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法雷尔1904～1979年Farrell, James T(homas)美国小说家。出生于芝加哥，毕业于芝加哥大学。根据自己的经验，以对芝加哥中产阶级下层的爱尔兰人所作的写实主义描写而闻名。其最有名的作品是《斯塔兹朗尼根》三部曲，包括《少年朗尼根》（1932）、《朗尼根的青年》（1934）和《最后审判日》（1935），描写一个青年的自我毁灭，既是个人悲剧，也是社会悲剧。后来计画要完成一部二十五卷系列小说，结果只完成十卷。在所出版的二十五部长篇小说中，《时间的面目》（1953）被认为是其最好的作品，另外还出版了十七本短篇小说集。\n\n请问法雷尔是哪个国家的作家？", - "你好，Human！法雷尔（James T. Farrell）是美国的一位小说家。他出生于芝加哥，并在芝加哥大学毕业。他的作品主要以写实主义手法描绘芝加哥中产阶级下层的爱尔兰人的生活。" + "法雷尔（James T. Farrell）是美国的一位小说家。他出生于芝加哥，并在芝加哥大学毕业。他的作品主要以写实主义手法描绘芝加哥中产阶级下层的爱尔兰人的生活。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么法雷尔的著名作品是什么？", @@ -176767,7 +176767,7 @@ "history": [ [ "疣猴colobus monkey猴科疣猴属的非洲长尾、近乎无拇指的猴类。疣猴列入疣猴亚科，和这一组的其他猴一样，有复杂的适于容纳植物性食物的胃。昼行性，树栖，一般群居，能在树间作长距离的跳跃。共十个种。黑白相间的四种疣猴，体长约55～60公分，尾长77～82公分，身材细长，具色彩斑驳的丝状长毛。红疣猴有五种，为褐色或黑色，有红斑；体长约46～60公分，尾长40～80公分。橄榄色疣猴形小，毛短，呈橄榄色。红色和橄榄色疣猴捕到后活不了多久。红色疣猴的两亚种列为《红皮书》中的濒危动物，其他两种疣猴数量日益下降，已分别列为稀有动物。\n\n请问疣猴是一种什么样的动物？", - "你好，Human！疣猴是一种生活在非洲的长尾猴类动物，属于猴科疣猴属。它们近乎没有拇指，昼行性，树栖，一般群居。疣猴有复杂的胃，适于容纳植物性食物。它们擅长在树间进行长距离跳跃。疣猴有十个种，其中包括黑白相间的四种疣猴、红疣猴和橄榄色疣猴。部分疣猴种类的数量正在下降，被列为濒危或稀有动物。" + "疣猴是一种生活在非洲的长尾猴类动物，属于猴科疣猴属。它们近乎没有拇指，昼行性，树栖，一般群居。疣猴有复杂的胃，适于容纳植物性食物。它们擅长在树间进行长距离跳跃。疣猴有十个种，其中包括黑白相间的四种疣猴、红疣猴和橄榄色疣猴。部分疣猴种类的数量正在下降，被列为濒危或稀有动物。" ], [ "疣猴的外形特点是什么？", @@ -176824,7 +176824,7 @@ "history": [ [ "莱昂1797～1849年Lyon, Mary (Mason)美国致力于女子高等教育的先驱。她就读过几所学院，十七岁起自己靠教书谋生。她是位成功的教师和行政人员，懂得她所训练年轻女子的要求，导致她决定为女子创办一所长期性的教育机构。1837年她在麻萨诸塞州的南哈德利建立的曼荷莲女子学校（曼荷莲学院的前身）开学。她任该校校长直至去世。\n\n你好，请问莱昂是谁？", - "你好，Human！莱昂（Mary Mason Lyon，1797-1849）是一位美国女性教育家，致力于提升女子高等教育的地位和水平。她曾就读于几所学院，并在17岁后靠教书谋生。她不仅是一位成功的教师，还是一名出色的行政人员。因为了解到年轻女性所面临的教育需求，她决定创办一所为女性提供长期教育的机构。1837年，莱昂在麻萨诸塞州的南哈德利成立了曼荷莲女子学校（后来成为曼荷莲学院的前身），并担任校长至去世。" + "莱昂（Mary Mason Lyon，1797-1849）是一位美国女性教育家，致力于提升女子高等教育的地位和水平。她曾就读于几所学院，并在17岁后靠教书谋生。她不仅是一位成功的教师，还是一名出色的行政人员。因为了解到年轻女性所面临的教育需求，她决定创办一所为女性提供长期教育的机构。1837年，莱昂在麻萨诸塞州的南哈德利成立了曼荷莲女子学校（后来成为曼荷莲学院的前身），并担任校长至去世。" ], [ "她是如何开始教书谋生的？", @@ -176948,7 +176948,7 @@ "history": [ [ "恙chigger蜱亚纲前气门亚目无脊椎动物，约一万种。长01～16公厘，体上甲胄薄且不连续；眼有或无；气孔在螯基或体前部的其他部位；陆生或海、淡水生；掠食、腐食、寄生或植食性。有些寄生人体或带病，被幼虫侵袭常得皮肤炎并发痒。北美洲侵袭人的常见种北美恙（Eutrombicula alfreddugesi）分布范围自大西洋岸至中西部，并南至墨西哥；幼虫细小，易穿透衣服，附着在皮肤上，吐出能消化组织的液体，可致奇痒。取食后，幼落在地上，蜕皮，先成为若，再变为成。欧洲的秋收恙（Neotrombicula autumnalis）除人外，还侵袭牛、狗、马和猫。\n\n我刚才看到了一段关于恙螨的信息，但我不太清楚它们都有哪些主要特点？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，恙螨是一类无脊椎动物，属于蜱亚纲前气门亚目，约有一万种。它们的体长通常在0.1至1.6毫米之间，身体上的甲胄比较薄且不连续。它们的眼睛有的有，有的没有，气孔位于螯基或体前部的其他位置。恙螨可以陆生、海生或淡水生，具有掠食、腐食、寄生或植食性。部分恙螨会寄生在人体或带病，被幼虫侵袭可能导致皮肤炎并发痒。" + "根据提供的信息，恙螨是一类无脊椎动物，属于蜱亚纲前气门亚目，约有一万种。它们的体长通常在0.1至1.6毫米之间，身体上的甲胄比较薄且不连续。它们的眼睛有的有，有的没有，气孔位于螯基或体前部的其他位置。恙螨可以陆生、海生或淡水生，具有掠食、腐食、寄生或植食性。部分恙螨会寄生在人体或带病，被幼虫侵袭可能导致皮肤炎并发痒。" ], [ "请问北美恙螨有什么特点呢？", @@ -177058,11 +177058,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢您的解答，我对卡米哈米哈四世有了更深入的了解。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human。我很高兴能帮助你了解卡米哈米哈四世。如果你有关于夏威夷历史或其他话题的疑问，请随时向我提问，我会竭尽所能地帮助您。", + "output": "不客气。我很高兴能帮助你了解卡米哈米哈四世。如果你有关于夏威夷历史或其他话题的疑问，请随时向我提问，我会竭尽所能地帮助您。", "history": [ [ "卡米哈米哈四世1834～1863年Kamehameha IV原名Alexander Liholiho夏威夷君主。自幼过继给他的叔父卡米哈米哈三世（1813～1854），受新教传教士的教育。即位后他竭力限制美国传教士的势力。他与其他国家扩大贸易来平衡美国的影响，邀请英国圣公会在岛上修建教堂。他是一个受欢迎的仁慈的君主，他改善港口以适应夏威夷日益增长的捕鲸业，并为夏威夷居民提供免费医疗。\n\n你好，请问卡米哈米哈四世是谁？", - "你好，Human。卡米哈米哈四世是1834年至1863年在位的夏威夷君主。他原名Alexander Liholiho，继位前曾被过继给他的叔父卡米哈米哈三世，并在新教传教士的培育下长大。在他当上夏威夷君主之后，他积极限制美国传教士的势力，尝试平衡各国在夏威夷的影响，因而得到了人们的喜爱和尊敬。" + "卡米哈米哈四世是1834年至1863年在位的夏威夷君主。他原名Alexander Liholiho，继位前曾被过继给他的叔父卡米哈米哈三世，并在新教传教士的培育下长大。在他当上夏威夷君主之后，他积极限制美国传教士的势力，尝试平衡各国在夏威夷的影响，因而得到了人们的喜爱和尊敬。" ], [ "卡米哈米哈四世为何要限制美国传教士的势力呢？", @@ -177364,7 +177364,7 @@ "history": [ [ "纳尔奇克Nalchik俄罗斯卡巴尔达－巴尔卡里亚（Kabardino-Balkaria）共和国首府。位于高加索山麓、纳尔奇克河畔。1818年建为俄国要塞，但直到1917年十月革命后才成为重镇。现为度假、登山和疗养胜地。还有制鞋、服装等工业。设有大学和研究所。人口约239,000（1995）。\n\n我最近对纳尔奇克这个地方产生了兴趣。能向我简单介绍一下这个地方吗？", - "你好，Human！纳尔奇克（Nalchik）是俄罗斯卡巴尔达-巴尔卡里亚（Kabardino-Balkaria）共和国的首府。这个城市位于高加索山脉的麓，紧邻纳尔奇克河。1818年，纳尔奇克建为俄国要塞，但直到1917年十月革命之后，它才逐渐成为一个重要的城市。如今，纳尔奇克因为丰富的旅游资源和疗养设施而闻名，吸引了许多游客前来度假、登山、疗养。此外，纳尔奇克还有一定的工业基础，如制鞋和服装产业。这个城市还有一定的教育和科研机构，其中包括大学和研究所。纳尔奇克的人口约为239,000（1995年数据）。" + "纳尔奇克（Nalchik）是俄罗斯卡巴尔达-巴尔卡里亚（Kabardino-Balkaria）共和国的首府。这个城市位于高加索山脉的麓，紧邻纳尔奇克河。1818年，纳尔奇克建为俄国要塞，但直到1917年十月革命之后，它才逐渐成为一个重要的城市。如今，纳尔奇克因为丰富的旅游资源和疗养设施而闻名，吸引了许多游客前来度假、登山、疗养。此外，纳尔奇克还有一定的工业基础，如制鞋和服装产业。这个城市还有一定的教育和科研机构，其中包括大学和研究所。纳尔奇克的人口约为239,000（1995年数据）。" ], [ "这个地方的风景一定很美，我想去探险。你能给我提供一些旅游胜地的信息吗？", @@ -177748,7 +177748,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣多马Thomas, St卒于西元53?年耶稣十二使徒之一。以不相信耶稣复活、要求耶稣复活的证据而出名。因此有「怀疑的多马」之说。直到耶稣重新出现，多马摸到他的伤口时，他才相信，说，「我主上帝」。多马也成为明确承认耶稣神格的第一人。多马后来的历史不确切，但据说曾到安息（今呼罗珊）甚至是印度传福音。\n\n你好，请问圣多马是什么时候去世的？", - "你好，Human。根据你提供的信息，圣多马（Thomas, St）大约是在西元53年离世的。他是耶稣的十二使徒之一。" + "根据你提供的信息，圣多马（Thomas, St）大约是在西元53年离世的。他是耶稣的十二使徒之一。" ], [ "圣多马为什么被称为「怀疑的多马」？", @@ -178026,7 +178026,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴伦波因1942年～Barenboim, Daniel以色列（阿根廷出生）钢琴家及指挥家。为天才儿童，八岁时首次登台演出。1952年全家移居以色列。1957年在美国首演，与斯托科夫斯基同台演出。1964～1975年担任英国室内乐团指挥，1975～1989年转任巴黎管弦乐团指挥，同时他也是个杰出的钢琴独奏家和室内乐音乐家，在这方面取得辉煌的成就。1967年与大提琴家杜普蕾（Jacqueline Du Pre, 1945～1987）结婚。1991年担任芝加哥交响乐团首席指挥。他还致力于促进中东和平的事业。\n\n请问你能简单介绍一下巴伦波因这个音乐家吗？", - "你好，Human。当然可以。巴伦波因（Daniel Barenboim）是一位以色列籍钢琴家和指挥家，但他出生于阿根廷（1942年出生）。他是一位天才儿童，8岁时便首次登台演出。1952年全家移居以色列，1957年在美国首演，并与斯托科夫斯基同台演出。他曾担任多个乐团指挥，如英国室内乐团、巴黎管弦乐团等。除了指挥，他还是一位杰出的钢琴独奏家和室内乐音乐家。同时，他还积极投身于中东和平事业的推动。" + "当然可以。巴伦波因（Daniel Barenboim）是一位以色列籍钢琴家和指挥家，但他出生于阿根廷（1942年出生）。他是一位天才儿童，8岁时便首次登台演出。1952年全家移居以色列，1957年在美国首演，并与斯托科夫斯基同台演出。他曾担任多个乐团指挥，如英国室内乐团、巴黎管弦乐团等。除了指挥，他还是一位杰出的钢琴独奏家和室内乐音乐家。同时，他还积极投身于中东和平事业的推动。" ], [ "他是怎样开始他的音乐生涯的？", @@ -178217,7 +178217,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克孜勒河Kizil Irmak土耳其中部和中北部的河流。是全程都在土耳其境内的最长河流，也是小亚细亚的最大河流，发源于土耳其的中北部，向西南流，再转向北而注入黑海，全长1,182公里。它不适合航运，是该地区的灌溉和水力发电的资源。\n\n请问克孜勒河是土耳其的哪个部分的河流？", - "你好，Human。克孜勒河（Kizil Irmak）位于土耳其的中部和中北部地区。这条河流是全程都在土耳其境内的最长河流，也是小亚细亚的最大河流。它发源于土耳其中北部地区，然后向西南流，最后转向北流入黑海。克孜勒河全长1,182公里。" + "克孜勒河（Kizil Irmak）位于土耳其的中部和中北部地区。这条河流是全程都在土耳其境内的最长河流，也是小亚细亚的最大河流。它发源于土耳其中北部地区，然后向西南流，最后转向北流入黑海。克孜勒河全长1,182公里。" ], [ "克孜勒河对当地的经济有什么重要作用？", @@ -178419,7 +178419,7 @@ "history": [ [ "雷诺瓦1841～1919年Renoir, (Pierre-)Auguste法国画家。父亲是利摩日的裁缝，1844年全家迁居巴黎。十三岁时当陶瓷装饰工，晚间学习绘画。与同学莫内建立亲密友谊，后成为巴黎印象派画家的重要成员。他的早期作品是真实生活的印象派快照，充满闪耀的彩色和光线。早期的杰作包括《煎饼磨坊》（1876）和《船上的午餐》（1881）。1881～1882年间到义大利访问，研究了拉斐尔的绘画，在他的画中注入了明晰线条和光滑着色的表现力。1880年代中期，他与印象主义决裂，而在作品中应用更有训练的正规技术，如作品《浴女》（1884～1887），强调容量、形式、轮廓和线条。在后来的作品中，他离开古典的严格规则来画多彩的静物、肖像、裸体以及他于1907年定居的法国南部的风景。1912年风湿病把他限制在轮椅上，但他从不停止作画，常常将画笔固定在手上。尚雷诺瓦是他的儿子。\n\n请问雷诺瓦是哪个国家的画家？", - "你好，Human。 雷诺瓦（Pierre-Auguste Renoir）是一位法国画家。" + " 雷诺瓦（Pierre-Auguste Renoir）是一位法国画家。" ], [ "他与哪位画家有亲密的友谊？", @@ -178713,7 +178713,7 @@ "history": [ [ "加特夫人1859～1947年Catt, Carrie Chapman原名Carrie Lane美国提倡妇女选举权运动的领导人。1881年任爱荷华州梅逊市中学校长。两年后成为美国的第一批女督学之一。1884年与查普曼（L Chapman）结婚，1886年查普曼意外死亡。1887～1890年致力于筹建爱荷华州妇女选举权联合会。1890年与乔治加特结婚。后来她根据政治区划原则改组全美女权运动联合会，并从1915年起担任协会主席直到去世。在第十九号修正案通过后，妇女获得了选举权。之后加特夫人将女权运动联合会（会员超过两百万人）改组为妇女选民联盟，以便在全国继续争取进步的立法，其中包括推动世界和平。参阅woman suffrage。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我关于加特夫人的一些信息吗？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为您提供关于加特夫人的信息。加特夫人，原名Carrie Lane，生于1859年，逝于1947年，是美国一位重要的妇女选举权运动领导者。她曾在1881年担任爱荷华州梅逊市中学校长，并在两年后成为美国第一批女督学之一。经历两次结婚，她先与L Chapman 成家，随后在1890年与乔治加特结婚。她投身于推动妇女选举权运动，筹建了爱荷华州妇女选举权联合会，并将全美女权运动联合会组织改革。她从1915年起一直担任协会主席直至去世。在她的努力下，第十九号修正案通过，妇女终于获得了选举权。加特夫人还将女权运动联合会改组为妇女选民联盟，为全国继续争取进步立法和推动世界和平。" + "很高兴为您提供关于加特夫人的信息。加特夫人，原名Carrie Lane，生于1859年，逝于1947年，是美国一位重要的妇女选举权运动领导者。她曾在1881年担任爱荷华州梅逊市中学校长，并在两年后成为美国第一批女督学之一。经历两次结婚，她先与L Chapman 成家，随后在1890年与乔治加特结婚。她投身于推动妇女选举权运动，筹建了爱荷华州妇女选举权联合会，并将全美女权运动联合会组织改革。她从1915年起一直担任协会主席直至去世。在她的努力下，第十九号修正案通过，妇女终于获得了选举权。加特夫人还将女权运动联合会改组为妇女选民联盟，为全国继续争取进步立法和推动世界和平。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！那么加特夫人为什么选择成立妇女选举权联合会，这对她有什么意义呢？", @@ -178816,7 +178816,7 @@ "history": [ [ "欧洲共同体European Community (EC)欧洲共同体成立于1967年，它是合并欧洲经济共同体（European Economic Community）、欧洲原子能联营和欧洲煤钢联营而组成的。合并后设有单一的欧洲共同体委员会（Commission of the European Community）和单一的欧洲共同体部长理事会（Council of Ministers）。其他行政、立法和司法机构也在欧洲共同体的名义下进行了合并。1993年欧洲共同体成为建立欧洲联盟的基础。与此同时，欧洲经济共同体改名为欧洲共同体。\n\n你好，请问你能简要介绍一下欧洲共同体（European Community）的成立及其发展历程吗？", - "你好，Human！欧洲共同体（European Community，简称EC）成立于1967年，是由欧洲经济共同体、欧洲原子能联营和欧洲煤钢联营合并而成。这个合并使得欧洲共同体只设有一个欧洲共同体委员会和一个欧洲共同体部长理事会，其他行政、立法和司法机构也在欧洲共同体的名义下进行了合并。到了1993年，欧洲共同体成为建立欧洲联盟的基础，同时欧洲经济共同体也被更名为欧洲共同体。这样的发展过程使得欧洲各国在政治、经济、科技等方面实现了很大程度的一体化。" + "欧洲共同体（European Community，简称EC）成立于1967年，是由欧洲经济共同体、欧洲原子能联营和欧洲煤钢联营合并而成。这个合并使得欧洲共同体只设有一个欧洲共同体委员会和一个欧洲共同体部长理事会，其他行政、立法和司法机构也在欧洲共同体的名义下进行了合并。到了1993年，欧洲共同体成为建立欧洲联盟的基础，同时欧洲经济共同体也被更名为欧洲共同体。这样的发展过程使得欧洲各国在政治、经济、科技等方面实现了很大程度的一体化。" ], [ "能详细说明一下欧洲共同体委员会和欧洲共同体部长理事会的职责吗？", @@ -178957,7 +178957,7 @@ "history": [ [ "吉耶曼1924年～Guillemin, Roger C(harles) L(ouis)法裔美籍生理学家。他分离了第一个下视丘激素--促甲状腺激素释放激素（TRH），分离并合成了生长激素释放抑制因子（下视丘分泌的用以调节脑下垂体及胰脏活动的激素），又发现了一类新的激素样物质--恩多芬。与沙利、耶洛共获1977年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。\n\n你好，请问你知道吉耶曼吗？他是做什么方面的研究的？", - "你好，Human。吉耶曼，全名Roger C. L. Guillemin，是一位法裔美籍生理学家。他的研究领域主要是激素，特别是下视丘激素的研究。他在这个领域做出了一系列重要的发现和贡献。其中包括分离出第一个下视丘激素——促甲状腺激素释放激素（TRH），分离并合成生长激素释放抑制因子，以及发现了一类新的激素样物质——恩多芬。因为他的突出贡献，他于1977年与沙利、耶洛共同获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。" + "吉耶曼，全名Roger C. L. Guillemin，是一位法裔美籍生理学家。他的研究领域主要是激素，特别是下视丘激素的研究。他在这个领域做出了一系列重要的发现和贡献。其中包括分离出第一个下视丘激素——促甲状腺激素释放激素（TRH），分离并合成生长激素释放抑制因子，以及发现了一类新的激素样物质——恩多芬。因为他的突出贡献，他于1977年与沙利、耶洛共同获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。" ], [ "请详细解释一下促甲状腺激素释放激素（TRH）的作用和重要性。", @@ -179497,7 +179497,7 @@ "history": [ [ "吉勒鲁普1857～1919年Gjellerup, Karl Adolph丹麦诗人及小说家。牧师之子，曾攻读过神学，但因受过达尔文主义和布兰代斯的思想影响，自命为无神论者，并表明在《一个观念论者》（1878）和《条顿的学徒》（1882）两部作品中。晚年受到佛教和其他东方宗教的影响。其他作品有《米娜》（1889）和《朝圣者卡马尼塔》（1906）。1917年与彭托皮丹同获诺贝尔文学奖。\n\n请问吉勒鲁普是什么时候出生的，什么时候去世的？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，吉勒鲁普（Karl Adolph Gjellerup）出生于1857年，去世于1919年。他是丹麦的一位著名诗人及小说家。" + "根据提供的信息，吉勒鲁普（Karl Adolph Gjellerup）出生于1857年，去世于1919年。他是丹麦的一位著名诗人及小说家。" ], [ "吉勒鲁普的家庭背景是什么？他曾学习过哪些学科？", @@ -179520,7 +179520,7 @@ "history": [ [ "米拉波1749～1791年Mirabeau, comte (Count) de原名Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti法国政治人物和演说家。为经济学家维克托里克蒂（1715～1789）的儿子，但不受其父喜爱；他因图谋不轨和行为大胆常被监禁（1715～1789），并写下了关于监狱生活的几篇文章。1789年他被选为第三等级代表参加了三级会议。作为一个熟练的演说家，他受到人民的欢迎，并在法国大革命初期颇有影响。他主张立宪君主政体，并试图调解绝对的君主制主义者和革命者之间的关系。1791年他当选为国民议会议长，但不久后就去世了。\n\n请问谁是米拉波？", - "你好，Human！米拉波，全名Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti，出生于1749年，逝世于1791年，他是一位法国政治人物和演说家。他的父亲是经济学家维克托里克蒂（1715-1789）。虽然他父亲是一位著名经济学家，但米拉波并未受到父亲的喜爱。他曾多次因图谋不轨和行为大胆而被投入监狱，在那期间，他写了一些关于监狱生活的文章。米拉波在1789年被选为第三等级代表参加三级会议，作为一名出色的演说家，他在法国大革命初期备受欢迎，拥有很大的影响力。" + "米拉波，全名Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti，出生于1749年，逝世于1791年，他是一位法国政治人物和演说家。他的父亲是经济学家维克托里克蒂（1715-1789）。虽然他父亲是一位著名经济学家，但米拉波并未受到父亲的喜爱。他曾多次因图谋不轨和行为大胆而被投入监狱，在那期间，他写了一些关于监狱生活的文章。米拉波在1789年被选为第三等级代表参加三级会议，作为一名出色的演说家，他在法国大革命初期备受欢迎，拥有很大的影响力。" ], [ "米拉波在法国大革命期间主张什么政治制度？", @@ -179695,7 +179695,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伊索Aesop相传是一部希腊寓言集（fables）的作者，可能只是个传说人物。虽然在西元前5世纪时希罗多德说伊索是确有其人，但「伊索」可能只是为这部动物寓言捏造出的一个作者名字罢了。伊索寓言着重于人类的社会互动关系，所含的寓意多是劝人在竞争激烈的真实人生中如何自处。西方寓言的传统实际始于这些故事，现代版本的伊索寓言约有两百种。\n\n我刚刚阅读了关于伊索寓言的一段介绍，想请教你一些问题，你愿意回答吗？", - "你好，Human。我很高兴为您解答关于伊索寓言的问题，请随时提问。" + "我很高兴为您解答关于伊索寓言的问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "请你简要介绍一下伊索是谁？", @@ -179969,7 +179969,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奥法莱恩1900～1991年O'Faolain, Sean原名John Francis Whelan爱尔兰作家。在爱尔兰起义期间（1918～1921）参加了反英活动。1926～1933年任教职。第一部短篇小说集《仲夏夜的狂欢及其他故事》（1932）和长篇小说《一群纯朴的人》（1933）获得成功后，始全力从事写作。以描写爱尔兰下层阶级和中产阶级的短篇小说而闻名。他常常探讨民族主义斗争的衰落或爱尔兰天主教的失败。他的其他着作包括《孤独的鸟》（1936）、《奥康内尔的生平》（1938）及自传《愿我长寿》（1964）。\n\n你好，请问你能给我简介一下Sean O'Faolain这位爱尔兰作家吗？", - "你好，Human。Sean O'Faolain（原名John Francis Whelan，1900-1991年）是一位著名的爱尔兰作家。他曾在1918-1921年间参加爱尔兰起义期间的反英活动。后来，在1926-1933年担任教职。他成功地出版了第一部短篇小说集《仲夏夜的狂欢及其他故事》（1932年）和长篇小说《一群纯朴的人》（1933年）后，从此全身心投入到写作中。他的作品主要以描写爱尔兰下层阶级和中产阶级的生活为主，深入探讨民族主义斗争的衰落和天主教信仰的失败。其他知名作品还有《孤独的鸟》（1936年）、《奥康内尔的生平》（1938年）和自传《愿我长寿》（1964年）。" + "Sean O'Faolain（原名John Francis Whelan，1900-1991年）是一位著名的爱尔兰作家。他曾在1918-1921年间参加爱尔兰起义期间的反英活动。后来，在1926-1933年担任教职。他成功地出版了第一部短篇小说集《仲夏夜的狂欢及其他故事》（1932年）和长篇小说《一群纯朴的人》（1933年）后，从此全身心投入到写作中。他的作品主要以描写爱尔兰下层阶级和中产阶级的生活为主，深入探讨民族主义斗争的衰落和天主教信仰的失败。其他知名作品还有《孤独的鸟》（1936年）、《奥康内尔的生平》（1938年）和自传《愿我长寿》（1964年）。" ], [ "请问Sean O'Faolain的作品主题有哪些特点？", @@ -180414,7 +180414,7 @@ "history": [ [ "维厄瑟尔1928年～Wiesel, Elie原名Eliezer Wiesel罗马尼亚裔美国小说家。原居住在西格赫特镇小小的犹太教虔敬派聚居区中，1944年他和家人先后被驱逐至奥斯威辛和布痕瓦尔德集中营，他的父母亲和妹妹都死于营中。其全部作品在一定意义上反映了他作为这场浩劫的幸存者的经历，也反映了他企图解答这场浩劫为什么会发生以及它暴露了人类天性中的那些特质等这类折磨人的道德伦理问题。其作品包括了：《夜》（1958）、《耶路撒冷一乞丐》（1968）、《一个遇害的犹太诗人的遗言》（1980）、《遗忘》（1989）。身为着名的演说家，由于他能把个人的关注化为对一切暴力、仇恨和压迫的普世的谴责而获颁1986年诺贝尔和平奖。\n\n请问维厄瑟尔是谁？", - "你好，Human！维厄瑟尔（Elie Wiesel）原名Eliezer Wiesel，是一位罗马尼亚裔的美国小说家。生于1928年。他主要以自己的作品探讨浩劫幸存者的经历和道德伦理问题而闻名。他曾在奥斯威辛和布痕瓦尔德的集中营中度过了艰难时光，并在那里失去了家人。他的一些著名作品包括《夜》（1958）和《耶路撒冷一乞丐》（1968）。维厄瑟尔还因其雄辩演说力和对暴力、仇恨、压迫的谴责而获得1986年诺贝尔和平奖。" + "维厄瑟尔（Elie Wiesel）原名Eliezer Wiesel，是一位罗马尼亚裔的美国小说家。生于1928年。他主要以自己的作品探讨浩劫幸存者的经历和道德伦理问题而闻名。他曾在奥斯威辛和布痕瓦尔德的集中营中度过了艰难时光，并在那里失去了家人。他的一些著名作品包括《夜》（1958）和《耶路撒冷一乞丐》（1968）。维厄瑟尔还因其雄辩演说力和对暴力、仇恨、压迫的谴责而获得1986年诺贝尔和平奖。" ], [ "维尔塞尔的《夜》这本书是关于什么的？", @@ -180467,7 +180467,7 @@ "history": [ [ "颂词panegyric歌功颂德的演讲或赞扬性讲话，原为古希腊人在奥林匹克竞技会和雅典娜节集会时的演说（《颂词集》）。演讲者往往利用这些场合，宣扬希腊人的团结统一。他们详细地描绘希腊城邦的光荣历史；歌功颂德的联想就此产生，最后集中表现为颂词。后来罗马人常在颂词中颂扬显赫人物，尤其是颂扬皇帝。颂词这一形式也在欧洲中世纪时期、文艺复兴时期及巴洛克时期得到应用。\n\n你好，请问颂词（panegyric）是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！颂词（panegyric）指的是歌功颂德的演讲或赞扬性的讲话。它起源于古希腊，当时人们会在奥林匹克竞技会和雅典娜节集会时进行此类演说。演讲者通常会借此机会宣扬希腊人的团结和统一，详细描绘希腊城邦的光荣历史。后来，罗马人也采用了颂词这种形式，用来颂扬显赫的人物，尤其是皇帝。在欧洲的中世纪、文艺复兴时期和巴洛克时期，颂词也得到了广泛应用。" + "颂词（panegyric）指的是歌功颂德的演讲或赞扬性的讲话。它起源于古希腊，当时人们会在奥林匹克竞技会和雅典娜节集会时进行此类演说。演讲者通常会借此机会宣扬希腊人的团结和统一，详细描绘希腊城邦的光荣历史。后来，罗马人也采用了颂词这种形式，用来颂扬显赫的人物，尤其是皇帝。在欧洲的中世纪、文艺复兴时期和巴洛克时期，颂词也得到了广泛应用。" ], [ "那么古希腊时期的颂词和后来的颂词有什么区别呢？", @@ -180713,7 +180713,7 @@ "history": [ [ "偏导数partial derivative在微分学中，指具有数个变数的函数只对它的一个变数的变化求导数。偏导数可用来分析各种表面的极大值和极小值诸点，从而产生出偏微分方程式。与普通的导数一样，一次偏导数表示切线的变化率或斜率。对于一个三维的表面，两个一次偏导数分别表示两个互相垂直方向上的斜率。二次、三次或更高次的偏导数给出函数在任何点上如何变化的更多资讯。\n\n请问偏导数partial derivative是什么？它和普通的导数有什么区别？", - "你好Human！偏导数（partial derivative）指的是具有多个变数的函数只对其中一个变数的变化求导数。它可以用来分析各种表面的极大值和极小值诸点，从而产生出偏微分方程式。与普通的导数相比，普通导数针对的是只有一个变量的函数，表示的是在某一点处的切线斜率。然而，偏导数是针对具有多个变量的函数，在某一点处求导时，其他变量都视为常数。比如在一个三维表面上，两个一次偏导数分别表示两个互相垂直方向上的斜率。" + "偏导数（partial derivative）指的是具有多个变数的函数只对其中一个变数的变化求导数。它可以用来分析各种表面的极大值和极小值诸点，从而产生出偏微分方程式。与普通的导数相比，普通导数针对的是只有一个变量的函数，表示的是在某一点处的切线斜率。然而，偏导数是针对具有多个变量的函数，在某一点处求导时，其他变量都视为常数。比如在一个三维表面上，两个一次偏导数分别表示两个互相垂直方向上的斜率。" ], [ "求导数和求偏导数的方法有什么不同？", @@ -180816,7 +180816,7 @@ "history": [ [ "反刍动物ruminant偶蹄目反刍亚目有蹄类动物的统称，包括羚、骆驼、家牛、鹿、长颈鹿、山羊、加、叉角羚和绵羊。大多数反刍动物的胃有4室，脚具2趾。上门齿退化或缺无。骆驼和鼷鹿的胃为3室。反刍动物吃得快，将大量草（牧草）或叶（嫩叶）储存在胃的第一室（瘤胃）里，使食物软化。之后把反刍的植物反回口中咀嚼，进一步分解成不能消化的纤维素。经过咀嚼的食物直接送到其他胃室，生活在胃里的微生物帮助进一步消化。\n\n请问反刍动物有哪些特点？", - "你好，Human。反刍动物是一类偶蹄目反刍亚目的有蹄类动物，包括羚、骆驼、家牛、鹿、长颈鹿、山羊、加、叉角羚和绵羊等。它们的特点主要有以下几点：\n\n1. 大多数反刍动物的胃分为四个室，分别是瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃和皱胃。不过，骆驼和鼷鹿的胃只有三个室。\n2. 它们的脚具有两个趾，这是偶蹄目动物的一个特点。\n3. 上门齿一般退化或者缺失。\n4. 它们吃得快，能快速将大量草或嫩叶储存在瘤胃，使食物软化。之后再将反刍的植物反回口中进一步咀嚼，并将经过咀嚼的食物送到其他胃室。胃里的微生物帮助进一步消化。\n\n这些特点使得反刍动物能高效消化植物纤维素，适应各种草原和森林生态环境。" + "反刍动物是一类偶蹄目反刍亚目的有蹄类动物，包括羚、骆驼、家牛、鹿、长颈鹿、山羊、加、叉角羚和绵羊等。它们的特点主要有以下几点：\n\n1. 大多数反刍动物的胃分为四个室，分别是瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃和皱胃。不过，骆驼和鼷鹿的胃只有三个室。\n2. 它们的脚具有两个趾，这是偶蹄目动物的一个特点。\n3. 上门齿一般退化或者缺失。\n4. 它们吃得快，能快速将大量草或嫩叶储存在瘤胃，使食物软化。之后再将反刍的植物反回口中进一步咀嚼，并将经过咀嚼的食物送到其他胃室。胃里的微生物帮助进一步消化。\n\n这些特点使得反刍动物能高效消化植物纤维素，适应各种草原和森林生态环境。" ], [ "反刍动物的胃具有4室，它们是怎么协同工作消化食物的？", @@ -180896,7 +180896,7 @@ "history": [ [ "血管成形术angioplasty使阻塞的血管畅通的方法。通常把血小板压在动脉壁上（参阅arteriosclerosis），做法是在导管尾端附近把气球充起（参阅catheterization）。血管成形术在冠状动脉上进行，在治疗冠状动脉心脏病时，对冠状动脉分流术（coronary bypass）来说是较不具侵略性的替代方法。包括栓塞（embolism）、流泪在内的并发症极少，而效果很好，但手术后血小板容易再度集结。血管成形术也用来扩展严重阻塞的心瓣膜。\n\n请问血管成形术是如何让阻塞的血管畅通的？", - "你好，Human！血管成形术，又称为“管道成形术”，是一种用于将阻塞的血管变得畅通的方法。这种方法主要是将血小板压在动脉壁上（通常与动脉硬化有关），具体操作是通过将一个导管插入阻塞的血管，并在导管的末端附近将一个气球充起。随着气球的充气，阻塞的血管会逐渐张开，从而恢复血流的通畅。这种手术在冠状动脉上进行较为常见，因为相对于冠状动脉分流术（冠状动脉搭桥术），血管成形术具有较低的侵入性。" + "血管成形术，又称为“管道成形术”，是一种用于将阻塞的血管变得畅通的方法。这种方法主要是将血小板压在动脉壁上（通常与动脉硬化有关），具体操作是通过将一个导管插入阻塞的血管，并在导管的末端附近将一个气球充起。随着气球的充气，阻塞的血管会逐渐张开，从而恢复血流的通畅。这种手术在冠状动脉上进行较为常见，因为相对于冠状动脉分流术（冠状动脉搭桥术），血管成形术具有较低的侵入性。" ], [ "你能解释一下在冠状动脉心脏病中为什么会选择血管成形术？", @@ -181235,7 +181235,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法兰西的玛丽Marie de France活动时期西元12世纪末已知最早的法国女诗人。主要创作浪漫和神奇题材的叙事诗，后世游吟诗人的叙事小曲可能即源出于此。她的作品可能写于英国，她的寓言也可能取材于英国。她的诗歌是献给一位「高贵的」国王的，似乎是英国国王亨利二世或其子。她还创作有《寓言集》。\n\n你好，请问法兰西的玛丽Marie de France是谁？", - "你好，Human。法兰西的玛丽（Marie de France）是西元12世纪末活动的法国女诗人，她被认为是法国最早的女诗人之一。她的作品主要以浪漫和神奇为题材，创作了许多叙事诗。她的作品在当时的游吟诗人中广泛传播，对后世的叙事诗产生了一定影响。她可能在英国生活和创作，所以她的寓言故事也可能取材于英国。" + "法兰西的玛丽（Marie de France）是西元12世纪末活动的法国女诗人，她被认为是法国最早的女诗人之一。她的作品主要以浪漫和神奇为题材，创作了许多叙事诗。她的作品在当时的游吟诗人中广泛传播，对后世的叙事诗产生了一定影响。她可能在英国生活和创作，所以她的寓言故事也可能取材于英国。" ], [ "她的诗歌是献给谁的呢？能举个例子吗？", @@ -181376,7 +181376,7 @@ "history": [ [ "林德1716～1794年Lind, James苏格兰海军外科和内科医师。他观察了几千例坏血病、斑疹伤寒和痢疾的病例以及造成这些疾病的船上卫生条件，1754年出版《论坏血病》，当时死于坏血病的英国士兵比战死的还要多。他建议向长期航行在海上的士兵提供柑橘类的水果或果汁（维生素C的来源），这是丹麦人已经用了快二百年的办法。1795年完全实行这种办法后，坏血病就像「使用了魔术一般」消失了。林德还建议船上除蝨，使用医院船，并将海水经过蒸馏后供饮用。\n\n请问林德是谁？", - "你好，Human。林德（James Lind，1716-1794年）是苏格兰海军的外科和内科医师。他对坏血病、斑疹伤寒和痢疾的病例进行了观察，并研究了造成这些疾病的船上卫生条件。1754年，他出版了《论坏血病》，并提出向长期航行在海上的士兵提供柑橘类水果或果汁（维生素C的来源）以预防坏血病。此外，林德还建议改善船上的卫生条件，例如除蝨、使用医院船以及将海水经过蒸馏后供饮用。" + "林德（James Lind，1716-1794年）是苏格兰海军的外科和内科医师。他对坏血病、斑疹伤寒和痢疾的病例进行了观察，并研究了造成这些疾病的船上卫生条件。1754年，他出版了《论坏血病》，并提出向长期航行在海上的士兵提供柑橘类水果或果汁（维生素C的来源）以预防坏血病。此外，林德还建议改善船上的卫生条件，例如除蝨、使用医院船以及将海水经过蒸馏后供饮用。" ], [ "林德的成就有哪些？", @@ -181585,7 +181585,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瑜伽Yoga印度哲学的六种正统体系之一。其影响遍及许多其他印度思想派系。基本经文是波怛阇利（Patanjali，约2世纪）所写的《瑜伽经》。瑜伽的理论内容主要依据数论。20世纪中，瑜伽哲学和修习在西方逐渐普及。一般说来，瑜伽修习过程分八个阶段。头两个阶段是道德准备，洁身和信神。第三、四两个阶段是形体准备︰「静坐」和「调息」。第五阶段是「制感」能将感觉注意力从外界对象收回心中。余下的三个阶段是：「专注」、「静虑」及「专心」，由此获得解脱。\n\n我想了解一下瑜伽的起源和历史，你能简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human。瑜伽起源于印度，是印度哲学的六种正统体系之一。它对许多其他印度思想派系都产生了影响。瑜伽最基本的经文为《瑜伽经》，是由波怛阇利（Patanjali，约2世纪）所著。到了20世纪中，瑜伽哲学和修习逐渐在西方普及。这样的发展能让我们全面地了解瑜伽的历史和起源。" + "瑜伽起源于印度，是印度哲学的六种正统体系之一。它对许多其他印度思想派系都产生了影响。瑜伽最基本的经文为《瑜伽经》，是由波怛阇利（Patanjali，约2世纪）所著。到了20世纪中，瑜伽哲学和修习逐渐在西方普及。这样的发展能让我们全面地了解瑜伽的历史和起源。" ], [ "瑜伽修习有哪些阶段？", @@ -181604,7 +181604,7 @@ "history": [ [ "好莱坞Hollywood美国佛罗里达州东南部城市，濒大西洋海岸。1921年开发者杨格（J W Young）把这块地方规画为镇的时候，这里还是一片矮棕榈树林，现在主要是旅游度假和日常居住城市，有一些分散的工业。附近有大沼泽地港口（有码头和仓库设施）和塞米诺尔人保留地。人口约128,000（1996）。\n\n请问好莱坞这个城市的缘起是怎样的？", - "你好，Human。您提到的好莱坞指的是美国佛罗里达州东南部的一个城市，这个城市是由开发者J W Young于1921年创建的。当时这片区域还是一片矮棕榈树林，后来逐渐发展成以旅游度假和日常居住为主的城市。现在这里的人口约为128,000（截止1996年的数据）。" + "您提到的好莱坞指的是美国佛罗里达州东南部的一个城市，这个城市是由开发者J W Young于1921年创建的。当时这片区域还是一片矮棕榈树林，后来逐渐发展成以旅游度假和日常居住为主的城市。现在这里的人口约为128,000（截止1996年的数据）。" ], [ "好莱坞这个城市的主要产业有哪些？", @@ -181661,11 +181661,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的建议，希望我种的水杉能够茁壮成长。再次感谢你的帮助。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human。祝你成功种植水杉，愿它为你的家园增添美丽的景色。如果你有关于水杉或其他方面的问题，随时欢迎来找我。", + "output": "不客气。祝你成功种植水杉，愿它为你的家园增添美丽的景色。如果你有关于水杉或其他方面的问题，随时欢迎来找我。", "history": [ [ "水杉dawn redwood杉科（Taxodiaceae）水杉属（Metasequoia）的唯一现存种，学名Metasequoia glyptostroboides。落叶乔木，原产于中国中部的偏僻山谷。小枝和叶均沿枝成对生长。叶亮绿色，羽状，秋季变成红棕色。球果有一细长梗。水杉属的化石曾被认为属于红杉属。虽然有大量化石出现，但一直被认为是一群绝灭植物，直到1940年代在中国山区发现数千株存活的水杉。现在透过种子和插条繁殖，水杉在全世界广泛栽培。\n\n我想了解一下水杉（Dawn Redwood), 它属于什么科、什么属，学名是什么？", - "你好，Human。水杉（Dawn Redwood）是一种落叶乔木，属于杉科（Taxodiaceae）的水杉属（Metasequoia），学名为Metasequoia glyptostroboides。这株植物原产于中国中部的偏僻山谷。" + "水杉（Dawn Redwood）是一种落叶乔木，属于杉科（Taxodiaceae）的水杉属（Metasequoia），学名为Metasequoia glyptostroboides。这株植物原产于中国中部的偏僻山谷。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。那么，水杉的叶子是什么样的？秋天会发生什么变化？", @@ -181959,7 +181959,7 @@ "history": [ [ "空间定向障碍spatial disorientation一种病理生理现象，表现为人丧失对于身体相对地面或环境间的相对位置、运动状态及高度（或水中的深度）的判断能力。可能源于大脑或神经的功能紊乱，或是因受到正常感官错觉的限制而产生。人类定向多依靠眼、耳、肌肉和皮肤的感觉，但人类感觉器官常常不易察觉到逐渐的运动变化，或对骤然发生的运动变化的程度作出过高的估计从而在运动停止时作出过度补偿反应。飞机飞行员和潜水员都会碰到对重力变化的错觉问题，这会导致非常危险的后果，必须通过训练加以克服。亦请参阅inner ear、proprioception。\n\n请问什么是空间定向障碍？", - "你好，Human。空间定向障碍（spatial disorientation）是一种病理生理现象，它表现为一个人丧失了对于自己身体相对于地面或环境的相对位置、运动状态及高度（或水中的深度）的判断能力。这种现象可能源于大脑或神经功能紊乱，或因正常感官错觉的限制而产生。在飞行员和潜水员中，这种现象比较常见，如果不加以训练克服可能导致非常危险的后果。" + "空间定向障碍（spatial disorientation）是一种病理生理现象，它表现为一个人丧失了对于自己身体相对于地面或环境的相对位置、运动状态及高度（或水中的深度）的判断能力。这种现象可能源于大脑或神经功能紊乱，或因正常感官错觉的限制而产生。在飞行员和潜水员中，这种现象比较常见，如果不加以训练克服可能导致非常危险的后果。" ], [ "能解释一下感官错觉是如何影响空间定向的吗？", @@ -182054,7 +182054,7 @@ "history": [ [ "塔拉普萨河Tallapoosa River乔治亚州和阿拉巴马州的河流。源出乔治亚州西北，向西南流大约431公里，在阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利（Montgomery）北面汇入更大的库萨河，形成阿拉巴马河。有三座私人的电站大坝创造了水库（包括马丁湖），用于河水流量控制、发电和游乐。\n\n请问塔拉普萨河流经哪些州？", - "你好，Human！塔拉普萨河流经美国的乔治亚州和阿拉巴马州。它源于乔治亚州的西北部，然后向西南方向流动，在阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利北面汇入库萨河，最终形成阿拉巴马河。" + "塔拉普萨河流经美国的乔治亚州和阿拉巴马州。它源于乔治亚州的西北部，然后向西南方向流动，在阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利北面汇入库萨河，最终形成阿拉巴马河。" ], [ "那么，这条河流有多长？", @@ -182138,7 +182138,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡图卢斯前84?～西元前54?年Catullus, Gaius Valerius罗马诗人。生平不详，现存的一百一十六首诗中，其中有二十五首是描述与一个有夫之妇莉丝比亚之间的炽烈而不幸的爱情故事；其他的诗则尽情地发泄了他对凯撒和其他较低层人物的蔑视和憎恨。他的诗作展现了熟练的格律技巧，特别是他用于抒情目的的应景诗格律，实现了任何其他古典诗人所无法达到的直接性。他表现爱和恨的诗普遍被认为是古罗马最优秀的抒情诗。\n\n请问卡图卢斯是什么时候出生的？他是哪国的诗人？", - "你好，Human。卡图卢斯（Gaius Valerius Catullus）是一位罗马诗人，生活在公元前84年至公元前54年之间。他的生平细节并不详细，但我们知道他对古罗马抒情诗做出了很大的贡献。" + "卡图卢斯（Gaius Valerius Catullus）是一位罗马诗人，生活在公元前84年至公元前54年之间。他的生平细节并不详细，但我们知道他对古罗马抒情诗做出了很大的贡献。" ], [ "卡图卢斯的诗有哪些特点？", @@ -182443,7 +182443,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国际劳工组织International Labor Organization联合国专门机构。根据「凡尔赛和约」而成立于1919年，隶属国际联盟，其宗旨在于促进全世界劳动条件的改善和生活水准的提高。1946年划归联合国，成为联合国第一个专门机构。其活动包括了编纂劳动统计资料，保护国际性工人移民，保障工会权利及其他人权。国际劳工组织的功能是发展并推动各国劳工立法标准，以保护并改善工作条件及生活水准。其代表来自政府人士（50%）、工人（25%）和雇主（25%），今日约有一百五十个会员国。国际劳工组织于1969年获诺贝尔和平奖。\n\n能告诉我国际劳工组织是如何成立的吗？", - "你好，Human！国际劳工组织（International Labor Organization，简称ILO）根据《凡尔赛和约》于1919年成立，当时隶属于国际联盟。这个组织的创立目的是为了促进全世界劳动条件的改善和生活水准的提高。直到1946年，国际劳工组织划归联合国，并成为联合国第一个专门机构。" + "国际劳工组织（International Labor Organization，简称ILO）根据《凡尔赛和约》于1919年成立，当时隶属于国际联盟。这个组织的创立目的是为了促进全世界劳动条件的改善和生活水准的提高。直到1946年，国际劳工组织划归联合国，并成为联合国第一个专门机构。" ], [ "那么国际劳工组织有哪些主要的功能和活动呢？", @@ -182943,7 +182943,7 @@ "history": [ [ "极大值maximum数学上，函数值最大的点。若数值大于或等于其他的函数值，这就是绝对极大值。若仅大于附近的点，则是相对极大值，或称局部极大值。微积分学上，在函数极大值的点导数等于零或不存在。找出极大值和极小值点的方法是早期微积分学发展的动力，使得容器大小求解变得较为容易，例如用定量的材料制作出最大的容量。\n\n你好，请问极大值是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！极大值，数学上是指函数值最大的点。若一个数值大于或等于其他的函数值，这就是绝对极大值。若仅大于附近的点，则称为相对极大值，或者说局部极大值。在微积分学中，极大值点的导数要么等于零，要么不存在。这种点的存在使得求解如容器大小等问题变得更容易。" + "极大值，数学上是指函数值最大的点。若一个数值大于或等于其他的函数值，这就是绝对极大值。若仅大于附近的点，则称为相对极大值，或者说局部极大值。在微积分学中，极大值点的导数要么等于零，要么不存在。这种点的存在使得求解如容器大小等问题变得更容易。" ], [ "了解了，请问我如何求一个一元函数的极大值？", @@ -183252,7 +183252,7 @@ "history": [ [ "威斯康辛河Wisconsin River美国威斯康辛州中部和西南部河流。源出近威斯康辛州和密西根州边界，南流经过威斯康辛州中部，往西注入密西西比河。长690公里。轻舟可自河口上溯320公里。在普雷里德萨克附近有水电站堤坝，形成威斯康辛湖。\n\n请问威斯康辛河是美国哪个州的河流？", - "你好，Human！威斯康辛河是位于美国威斯康辛州中部和西南部的河流。这条河流源自威斯康辛州和密西根州的边界地区，最终流入密西西比河。" + "威斯康辛河是位于美国威斯康辛州中部和西南部的河流。这条河流源自威斯康辛州和密西根州的边界地区，最终流入密西西比河。" ], [ "威斯康辛河的长度是多少？", @@ -183683,7 +183683,7 @@ "history": [ [ "主人翁；英雄hero神话或传说人物，常是神的后裔，具有很大的力气或能力，如早期史诗《吉尔伽美什》、《伊里亚德》、《贝奥武甫》、《罗兰之歌》所歌颂的英雄人物。这些英雄通常是优秀的战士或冒险家，常要完成一次远征（如维吉尔的《伊尼亚德》的埃涅阿斯建立了罗马国家，或贝奥武甫为他的人民驱逐了敌人）。他们通常拥有一些特质，如生得非常俊美、早慧和多才多艺等。他们多半自负而蛮勇，经得起痛苦和死亡的考验而名垂千古，其所创造的光荣业绩永远活在后世子孙的心目中。\n\n我想了解一下英雄的一般特质，他们通常都有哪些共通之处？", - "你好，Human！英雄通常具有以下共通特质：\n1. 他们通常是神话或传说中的人物，有时是神的后裔。\n2. 具有很大的力气或能力，例如，是优秀的战士或冒险家。\n3. 往往要完成一次重大的远征或任务，如建立国家或驱逐敌人。\n4. 他们常常拥有非常俊美的外貌、早慧和多才多艺的特质。\n5. 他们通常充满自信，勇敢面对痛苦和死亡的考验。\n这些特质使得英雄名垂青史，成为后世子孙心目中的楷模。" + "英雄通常具有以下共通特质：\n1. 他们通常是神话或传说中的人物，有时是神的后裔。\n2. 具有很大的力气或能力，例如，是优秀的战士或冒险家。\n3. 往往要完成一次重大的远征或任务，如建立国家或驱逐敌人。\n4. 他们常常拥有非常俊美的外貌、早慧和多才多艺的特质。\n5. 他们通常充满自信，勇敢面对痛苦和死亡的考验。\n这些特质使得英雄名垂青史，成为后世子孙心目中的楷模。" ], [ "这些英雄通常是怎样被称颂和记住的？", @@ -183717,7 +183717,7 @@ "history": [ [ "语言哲学language, philosophy of哲学的一个分支，主要目的为清楚表达意义理论的形式和必要条件和自然语言的关联。历史上的观点来说，其和语言的误用、误解所引起的哲学上的困惑有关。然而，不是所有的语言哲学家都相信语言的逻辑分析是个适合的方法，遑论有解决哲学问题唯一的方法。亦请参阅linguistics、pragmatics。\n\n你好。请问你能简单介绍一下什么是语言哲学吗？", - "你好，Human。语言哲学是哲学的一个分支，主要关注自然语言与意义理论之间的关系。它试图明确表达意义理论的形式和必要条件，并研究它们如何与自然语言联系。在历史上，许多语言哲学家关注的问题与由语言误用和误解引起的哲学困惑有关。但是，并非所有语言哲学家都认为逻辑分析是解决这些问题的最佳方法。在此方面，你还可以查阅语言学和语用学相关的知识。" + "语言哲学是哲学的一个分支，主要关注自然语言与意义理论之间的关系。它试图明确表达意义理论的形式和必要条件，并研究它们如何与自然语言联系。在历史上，许多语言哲学家关注的问题与由语言误用和误解引起的哲学困惑有关。但是，并非所有语言哲学家都认为逻辑分析是解决这些问题的最佳方法。在此方面，你还可以查阅语言学和语用学相关的知识。" ], [ "那些哲学家对语言哲学产生了重要影响？", @@ -183774,7 +183774,7 @@ "history": [ [ "性激素sex hormone由性腺（卵巢和睾丸）或其他器官产生的有机化合物，可影响生物体的性征。与其他许多激素（荷尔蒙）一样，性激素也可人工合成。亦请参阅androgen、estrogen、progesterone。\n\n请问性激素是如何影响生物体的性征的？", - "您好，Human。性激素是由性腺（卵巢和睾丸）或其他器官产生的有机化合物。它们可以通过调节基因表达和细胞的生长和分化来影响生物体的性征。在性发育和生殖方面，性激素对雄性和雌性的生物体产生明显的影响。例如，雄性的睾酮主要负责生殖器官的发育和维持雄性的次生性特征，如面部和体毛的生长。而雌性的雌激素和孕酮则负责乳腺和子宫的发育及月经周期的调节。总之，性激素对于生物体进行正常的性发育和生殖功能至关重要。" + "性激素是由性腺（卵巢和睾丸）或其他器官产生的有机化合物。它们可以通过调节基因表达和细胞的生长和分化来影响生物体的性征。在性发育和生殖方面，性激素对雄性和雌性的生物体产生明显的影响。例如，雄性的睾酮主要负责生殖器官的发育和维持雄性的次生性特征，如面部和体毛的生长。而雌性的雌激素和孕酮则负责乳腺和子宫的发育及月经周期的调节。总之，性激素对于生物体进行正常的性发育和生殖功能至关重要。" ], [ "你能具体解释一下雄性激素和雌性激素的作用吗？", @@ -183793,7 +183793,7 @@ "history": [ [ "约克王室York, House of英格兰金雀花王室的年轻支系。创始于爱德华三世的第五子、第一代约克公爵爱德蒙（1341～1402）。15世纪从兰开斯特王室夺取王位，出过三位英国国王－－爱德华四世、爱德华五世和理查三世。两个王室之间不断发生战争（参阅Roses, Wars of the），直到理查在博斯沃思原野战役中被杀。都铎王亨利七世，娶爱德华四世的长女为妻，从而使约克和兰开斯特两个王室结合在一起。\n\n你好，请问约克王室是怎样的一个王室？", - "你好，Human。约克王室（House of York）是英格兰金雀花王室的一个年轻支系，成立于14世纪。它的创始人是爱德华三世的第五个儿子、第一代约克公爵爱德蒙（1341-1402年）。在15世纪，约克王室与兰开斯特王室争夺英格兰王位，最终成为当时的英国王权的主要代表。约克王室共诞生了三位英国国王，包括爱德华四世、爱德华五世和理查三世。这两个王室之间不断发生战争（称为玫瑰战争），最终在博斯沃思原野战役中，理查三世被击败并丧生。随后，兰开斯特的都铎王亨利七世登上英格兰王位，并通过同爱德华四世的长女结婚，使两个王室合并为一个。这就是约克王室的大致发展历程。" + "约克王室（House of York）是英格兰金雀花王室的一个年轻支系，成立于14世纪。它的创始人是爱德华三世的第五个儿子、第一代约克公爵爱德蒙（1341-1402年）。在15世纪，约克王室与兰开斯特王室争夺英格兰王位，最终成为当时的英国王权的主要代表。约克王室共诞生了三位英国国王，包括爱德华四世、爱德华五世和理查三世。这两个王室之间不断发生战争（称为玫瑰战争），最终在博斯沃思原野战役中，理查三世被击败并丧生。随后，兰开斯特的都铎王亨利七世登上英格兰王位，并通过同爱德华四世的长女结婚，使两个王室合并为一个。这就是约克王室的大致发展历程。" ] ] }, @@ -183804,7 +183804,7 @@ "history": [ [ "德莱厄尔1889～1968年Dreyer, Carl Theodor丹麦电影导演。在1913年作为一个字幕作者进入电影界前，他是一位钢琴家、教堂执事、记者和剧评家，最终成为一位着名的电影编剧和剪辑师。他执导的第一部影片是《大总统》（1919）；在拍了几部片子后，他拍了他最着名的无声片《圣女贞德的受难》（1928）。他所独有的导演风格是以运用逼真的布景和大量的特写镜头为基础的。他的其他电影还有：《吸血鬼》（1932）、《愤怒的日子》（1943）、《诺言》（1955）和《日特鲁德》（1964）。他被认为是丹麦电影界最重要的人物。\n\n你好，请问你知道德莱厄尔是谁吗？", - "你好，Human。德莱厄尔（Carl Theodor Dreyer，1889-1968年）是一位丹麦电影导演。在进入电影界成为字幕作者之前，他曾是钢琴家、教堂执事、记者和剧评家。后来他成为了一位著名的电影编剧和剪辑师。德莱厄尔被认为是丹麦电影界最重要的人物。如有其他问题，请随时提问。" + "德莱厄尔（Carl Theodor Dreyer，1889-1968年）是一位丹麦电影导演。在进入电影界成为字幕作者之前，他曾是钢琴家、教堂执事、记者和剧评家。后来他成为了一位著名的电影编剧和剪辑师。德莱厄尔被认为是丹麦电影界最重要的人物。如有其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "感谢你的回答，请问他执导的第一部影片是哪部？", @@ -183876,7 +183876,7 @@ "history": [ [ "杨格1909～1959年Young, Lester (Willis)美国次中音萨克管演奏家。所倡导的一种即兴演奏法为现代爵士乐的独奏概念奠定了基础。1930年代中叶参加贝西伯爵乐队。其地位之显要使得歌唱家比莉哈乐黛称他为次中音萨克管的「总统」。从此他就以「普莱斯」而闻名。他的音乐线条是流线型的，富有逻辑性，旋律清新。其风格影响颇广，西海岸的「酷派爵士乐」风格大都是他的演奏法的直接产物。\n\n我想了解一下杨格（Lester Young）的基本情况，他的生涯背景和主要成就。", - "你好，Human。杨格（Lester Willis Young），出生于1909年，逝世于1959年，是美国著名的次中音萨克管演奏家。他为现代爵士乐的独奏概念奠定了基础，其中贡献最显著的是他所倡导的一种即兴演奏法。在1930年代中叶，杨格加入了贝西伯爵乐队。歌唱家比莉哈乐黛称他为次中音萨克管的「总统」，因此他也以「普莱斯」而闻名。杨格的音乐风格独具魅力，流线型的线条、富有逻辑性，旋律清新。其风格影响广泛，其中西海岸的「酷派爵士乐」风格便大都是他的演奏法的直接产物。" + "杨格（Lester Willis Young），出生于1909年，逝世于1959年，是美国著名的次中音萨克管演奏家。他为现代爵士乐的独奏概念奠定了基础，其中贡献最显著的是他所倡导的一种即兴演奏法。在1930年代中叶，杨格加入了贝西伯爵乐队。歌唱家比莉哈乐黛称他为次中音萨克管的「总统」，因此他也以「普莱斯」而闻名。杨格的音乐风格独具魅力，流线型的线条、富有逻辑性，旋律清新。其风格影响广泛，其中西海岸的「酷派爵士乐」风格便大都是他的演奏法的直接产物。" ], [ "关于杨格的即兴演奏法，具体是什么样的呢？", @@ -183937,7 +183937,7 @@ "history": [ [ "约旦河Jordan River南亚的河流。源于叙利亚，穿越加利利海，接着纳入其重要的支流耶尔穆克河。后注入低于海平面400公尺的死海，全长223公里。该河受到许多宗教的崇敬，在基督教，该河因施洗者圣约翰在这里为耶稣基督施洗礼而着名。\n\n你好，请问约旦河是亚洲的一条河流吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，约旦河是亚洲西南部的一条著名河流。它源于叙利亚，经过加利利海，并纳入其重要支流耶尔穆克河，最终注入死海。整条河流全长约223公里。" + "是的，约旦河是亚洲西南部的一条著名河流。它源于叙利亚，经过加利利海，并纳入其重要支流耶尔穆克河，最终注入死海。整条河流全长约223公里。" ], [ "那么约旦河与宗教有什么联系呢？", @@ -185023,7 +185023,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奉献上帝oblation在基督教中，由信徒所奉献、通常由教士、教会和贫、病者所使用的礼物。在圣餐礼中，为了祝圣而奉献的面包和酒就是「奉献上帝」（oblation）。在中世纪，将孩童呈献给修道院，并留在修道院中成长，称为「献身者」（oblates）。日后，献身者指的是那些居住在修道院，或与修道院有密切联系，但并没有许下宗教誓约的世俗人。部分罗马天主教社群的成员以「献身者」（oblate）作为名号。（比如圣本笃的守规献身者〔Oblates Regular of St Benedict〕）。\n\n你好，请问oblation在基督教中有哪些具体表现形式？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，oblation（奉献）在基督教中主要有以下几种表现形式：\n\n1. 圣餐礼的奉献：信徒们奉献面包和葡萄酒，它们在祝圣后成为圣餐礼中所使用的道具，代表着基督的身体和鲜血。\n\n2. 信徒对教会、教士以及贫、病者的奉献：信徒们为了支持教会的事工，以及帮助教士、贫困和有病的人，会将物资或金钱奉献给他们。\n\n3. 献身者（oblates）：在中世纪，孩童会被献给修道院，称为献身者，他们在修道院中长大并参与修道院的生活。如今，献身者一词更多地指那些居住在修道院或与修道院有密切联系的世俗人，但他们没有许下宗教誓约。\n\n这些都是基督教中oblation的主要表现形式，它们有助于信徒们加深对信仰的理解和投入。" + "根据你提供的信息，oblation（奉献）在基督教中主要有以下几种表现形式：\n\n1. 圣餐礼的奉献：信徒们奉献面包和葡萄酒，它们在祝圣后成为圣餐礼中所使用的道具，代表着基督的身体和鲜血。\n\n2. 信徒对教会、教士以及贫、病者的奉献：信徒们为了支持教会的事工，以及帮助教士、贫困和有病的人，会将物资或金钱奉献给他们。\n\n3. 献身者（oblates）：在中世纪，孩童会被献给修道院，称为献身者，他们在修道院中长大并参与修道院的生活。如今，献身者一词更多地指那些居住在修道院或与修道院有密切联系的世俗人，但他们没有许下宗教誓约。\n\n这些都是基督教中oblation的主要表现形式，它们有助于信徒们加深对信仰的理解和投入。" ], [ "圣餐礼的面包和葡萄酒在基督教信仰中有什么特殊的含义？", @@ -185495,7 +185495,7 @@ "history": [ [ "秋水仙autumn crocus百合科秋水仙属（Colchicum）植物。约三十种，原产于欧亚。草本，无茎。花如藏红花，秋季开放。果为蒴果，裂为三果瓣，春季新叶生出时成熟。部分种在秋季自地下发出叶和花。秋水仙（C autumnale）、博恩米勒氏秋水仙（C bornmuelleri）和美丽秋水仙（C speciosum）等栽培供观赏，其花冠管状，粉红色、白色或蓝紫色。\n\n请问秋水仙是哪个地区的植物？", - "你好，Human。秋水仙（Colchicum）是一种原产于欧亚地区的植物。它们主要分布在欧洲和西亚的特定地区，随着时间的推移，人们也开始在世界各地栽培和观赏这种植物。秋水仙属于百合科，拥有约三十种不同的品种供人们选择。" + "秋水仙（Colchicum）是一种原产于欧亚地区的植物。它们主要分布在欧洲和西亚的特定地区，随着时间的推移，人们也开始在世界各地栽培和观赏这种植物。秋水仙属于百合科，拥有约三十种不同的品种供人们选择。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。能否简单介绍一下秋水仙的特点？", @@ -185579,7 +185579,7 @@ "history": [ [ "历史哲学history, philosophy of哲学的分支，涉及关于历史之意味深长与历史解释之本质的议题。传统上认为历史哲学是第一阶的探究，以整个历史过程为主题，总目标是全面阐释历史进程。作为第二阶的探究，历史哲学则集焦于从事历史研究者用以探讨人类过去历史的方法。第一阶意义的历史哲学，通常名为思辨性（speculative）历史哲学，历时久远，有各式各样发展；第二阶意义的历史哲学，名为批判性（critical）或分析性（analytical）历史哲学，20世纪时才崭露头角。\n\n请问历史哲学是什么？", - "你好，Human！历史哲学是哲学的一个分支，它主要探讨关于历史的意义和历史解释的本质。历史哲学可以分为两个阶段，第一阶是关注整个历史过程的思辨性历史哲学，其总目标是全面阐释历史进程。第二阶为批判性或分析性历史哲学，它关注历史研究的方法，例如历史学家如何探讨人类历史等方面。第一阶的历史哲学历史悠久，有多种发展，而第二阶的批判性和分析性历史哲学则在20世纪开始崭露头角。" + "历史哲学是哲学的一个分支，它主要探讨关于历史的意义和历史解释的本质。历史哲学可以分为两个阶段，第一阶是关注整个历史过程的思辨性历史哲学，其总目标是全面阐释历史进程。第二阶为批判性或分析性历史哲学，它关注历史研究的方法，例如历史学家如何探讨人类历史等方面。第一阶的历史哲学历史悠久，有多种发展，而第二阶的批判性和分析性历史哲学则在20世纪开始崭露头角。" ], [ "谢谢！那么第一阶段的历史哲学所采用的方法有哪些？", @@ -185703,7 +185703,7 @@ "history": [ [ "麦恩1796～1859年Mann, Horace美国教育家，美国最伟大的公共教育倡导者。幼年家贫，在麻萨诸塞州富兰克林镇图书馆自修，获准进入布朗大学。后学习法律，并被选入州立法机构。任职州教育部长时积极支持教育改革，认为在民主社会中，教育必须是免费的、普及的、平等的，依赖于训练有素的职业教师。晚年进入国会（1949～1953），1953～1959任安蒂奥克学院（参阅Antioch University）首任校长，坚决支持废除奴隶制。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我一下麦恩1796-1859年HORACE MANN是怎样成为美国最伟大的公共教育倡导者的吗？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答。麦恩，Horace Mann（1796-1859），是美国著名的教育家，被誉为美国最伟大的公共教育倡导者。他的成就主要得益于他对教育的热爱以及不懈的努力。他的成长经历是这样的：麦恩幼年家庭贫困，但他非常刻苦，在麻萨诸塞州富兰克林镇图书馆会员，并得到进入布朗大学的资格。后来，他转而学习法律，并被选入州立法机构。\n\n在任职州教育部长期间，麦恩坚定地支持教育改革，认为在民主社会中，教育必须是免费的、普及的、平等的，且依赖于训练有素的职业教师。这些观点和行动使他逐渐成为美国公共教育的倡导者。晚年他进入国会（1949～1953），在国会任职期间继续关注教育问题。晚年，他还担任了安蒂奥克学院（Antioch University）的首任校长，并坚决支持废除奴隶制。\n\n通过以上阐述，我们可以看出麦恩一生致力于教育事业，多次倡导教育改革并成功推动了许多政策的实施，这使他成为了美国最伟大的公共教育倡导者。" + "很高兴为你解答。麦恩，Horace Mann（1796-1859），是美国著名的教育家，被誉为美国最伟大的公共教育倡导者。他的成就主要得益于他对教育的热爱以及不懈的努力。他的成长经历是这样的：麦恩幼年家庭贫困，但他非常刻苦，在麻萨诸塞州富兰克林镇图书馆会员，并得到进入布朗大学的资格。后来，他转而学习法律，并被选入州立法机构。\n\n在任职州教育部长期间，麦恩坚定地支持教育改革，认为在民主社会中，教育必须是免费的、普及的、平等的，且依赖于训练有素的职业教师。这些观点和行动使他逐渐成为美国公共教育的倡导者。晚年他进入国会（1949～1953），在国会任职期间继续关注教育问题。晚年，他还担任了安蒂奥克学院（Antioch University）的首任校长，并坚决支持废除奴隶制。\n\n通过以上阐述，我们可以看出麦恩一生致力于教育事业，多次倡导教育改革并成功推动了许多政策的实施，这使他成为了美国最伟大的公共教育倡导者。" ] ] }, @@ -185813,7 +185813,7 @@ "history": [ [ "泥炭苔peat moss亦称sphagnum moss组成泥炭苔属的160余种苔藓植物，分布从热带至副极地地区，在池塘、树沼、酸沼、潮湿的酸性悬崖和湖滨形成密丛。这些淡绿至深红色的植物，吸水量可达其本身重量的二十倍。泥炭苔死亡和经过压缩后能形成有机物泥炭，采收干燥后可用作燃料，可用来覆盖苗床，也可作为其他植物和活水生动物的运输包装材料。园丁将泥炭与土壤混合以增加土壤的湿度、孔隙度和酸度，并减少腐蚀。\n\n请问泥炭苔是什么样的植物？它们有什么独特的特点？", - "你好，Human！泥炭苔，也被称为sphagnum moss，是泥炭苔属的一类苔藓植物，其中包含了160余种不同的植物。它们主要分布在热带至副极地地区，常常生长在池塘、树沼、酸沼、潮湿的酸性悬崖和湖滨等地。泥炭苔的颜色可以从淡绿色变化至深红色。它们具有很强的吸水能力，可以吸收达到自身重量的二十倍的水分。泥炭苔在死亡和经过压缩之后，能够形成一种有机物质——泥炭，具有一定的实用价值。" + "泥炭苔，也被称为sphagnum moss，是泥炭苔属的一类苔藓植物，其中包含了160余种不同的植物。它们主要分布在热带至副极地地区，常常生长在池塘、树沼、酸沼、潮湿的酸性悬崖和湖滨等地。泥炭苔的颜色可以从淡绿色变化至深红色。它们具有很强的吸水能力，可以吸收达到自身重量的二十倍的水分。泥炭苔在死亡和经过压缩之后，能够形成一种有机物质——泥炭，具有一定的实用价值。" ] ] }, @@ -185904,7 +185904,7 @@ "history": [ [ "石室冢墓dolmen史前遗物，以数块巨石植于地上，边向外倾，上承石板以为顶，用作墓室，为新石器时代欧洲典型结构。石室墓葬虽以掩埋形式流行东方，远到日本，但主要为欧洲、不列颠诸岛及北非之产物。亦请参阅megalith和 menhir。\n\n你好，我刚刚学到了一个史前遗物叫做石室冢墓，我有些问题想请教你。", - "你好，Human！我非常愿意帮助你解答关于石室冢墓的问题，请随时提问。" + "我非常愿意帮助你解答关于石室冢墓的问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "石室冢墓是什么时候出现的？", @@ -186403,7 +186403,7 @@ "history": [ [ "多香果allspice桃金娘（myrtle）科热带常青树，学名Pimenta diocia。原产于西印度群岛和中美洲。浆果可提取高级香料。因其干燥的浆果具有类似丁香、桂皮和肉豆蔻的综合香味，故名。广泛用作烘烤、腌制食品和肉馅的香料。另有几种其他芳香灌木也称多香果，如卡罗来纳多香果（Calycanthus floridus）、日本多香果（Chimonanthus praecox）、野多香果或香灌木（Spicebush）。\n\n请问多香果是哪个地区原产的？", - "你好，Human！多香果（学名：Pimenta dioica）原产于西印度群岛和中美洲地区。这是一种热带常青树，其干燥浆果具有丁香、桂皮和肉豆蔻的综合香味，因此被称为多香果。" + "多香果（学名：Pimenta dioica）原产于西印度群岛和中美洲地区。这是一种热带常青树，其干燥浆果具有丁香、桂皮和肉豆蔻的综合香味，因此被称为多香果。" ], [ "多香果的学名是什么？", @@ -186475,7 +186475,7 @@ "history": [ [ "范布伦1782～1862年Van Buren, Martin美国第八任总统（1837～1841）。1812～1820年为纽约州参议员，兼任州司法部长。1821年选入参议院。支持州权主义，反对中央集权政府。1824年后参加建立新的政治团体，即后来的民主党。1828年当选为纽约州长。不久即辞职，担任国务卿（1829～1831），1832年当选为副总统。1837年在美国经济大恐慌之际继任总统，建议把政府基金存入「独立金库」，佛罗里达塞米诺尔战争、兼并德克萨斯建议的争论及缅因－加拿大边界的冲突，使他的声望大减。1840和1848年两度被提名为总统候选人，但竞选均告失败。\n\n你好，请问以下这段文字讲的是关于哪位美国总统？", - "你好，Human。这段文字介绍的是美国第八任总统Martin Van Buren（范布伦），他的任期为1837年到1841年。" + "这段文字介绍的是美国第八任总统Martin Van Buren（范布伦），他的任期为1837年到1841年。" ], [ "详细介绍一下他在政治生涯中担任过的职务。", @@ -186612,7 +186612,7 @@ "history": [ [ "列维1919～1987年Levi, Primo义大利作家和化学家。犹太人的列维，获得化学学位两年后，被纳粹俘获，送至奥斯威辛集中营服苦役。他的自传体作品《如果这是一个人》与《奥斯威辛残存》（1947）、《复苏》（1963）及《灭顶与生还》（1986）都是动人地反映纳粹集中营的侥幸生还者的。他最着名的作品《周期表》（1975）是二十一篇沈思录的汇集，每篇以一化学元素命题。他战时所受折磨的持续效应可能导致了他的自杀。\n\n请问列维是在哪个国家出生的？", - "你好，Human。列维（Primo Levi）是一位意大利作家和化学家。他出生于意大利，是犹太人。" + "列维（Primo Levi）是一位意大利作家和化学家。他出生于意大利，是犹太人。" ], [ "列维的《周期表》是什么样的一本书？", @@ -187159,7 +187159,7 @@ "history": [ [ "猛象；长毛象mammoth猛象属几种已绝灭的象，化石见于除澳大利亚和南美洲以外各大陆的更新世（始于160万年以前）沈积层。最着名的是北方（或西伯利亚）长毛猛象（Mammuthus primigenius），因为在西伯利亚的永冻土中保存了许多完整的猛象遗骸。大多数猛象与现代象类差不多大，有些则小得多，北美帝王猛象（M imperator）肩高达4公尺。许多猛象有短的下层绒毛和长而粗的外层毛，头骨呈高穹状，耳朵较小，长而向下生长的象牙有时弯曲到彼此重叠。洞穴壁画显示它们成群移动。猛象一直存活到约1万年前，人类的捕猎可能是它们绝灭的原因之一。亦请参阅mastodon。\n\n你好，根据我提供的这段关于猛象的信息，请问猛象在哪些地区分布过？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，猛象曾经分布于除澳大利亚和南美洲以外的各大陆的更新世沉积层。这意味着猛象主要分布在亚洲、非洲、欧洲和北美洲等地区。其中，西伯利亚地区的永冻土中保存了许多完整的猛象遗骸，这些遗骸主要属于北方长毛猛象（Mammuthus primigenius）。" + "根据提供的信息，猛象曾经分布于除澳大利亚和南美洲以外的各大陆的更新世沉积层。这意味着猛象主要分布在亚洲、非洲、欧洲和北美洲等地区。其中，西伯利亚地区的永冻土中保存了许多完整的猛象遗骸，这些遗骸主要属于北方长毛猛象（Mammuthus primigenius）。" ], [ "那么，猛象和现代象有什么区别呢？", @@ -187178,7 +187178,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伏尔甘Vulcan古罗马宗教所信奉的火神，专门象征破坏性的火，如火山爆发和火灾。在诗歌中描写他在各方面与希腊火神赫菲斯托斯相同。他的主要节期伏尔甘节，届时家长行向火中投小鱼之礼。人们常向伏尔甘祈求免除火灾。\n\n我想了解一下伏尔甘是如何被古罗马人看待的，他的象征意义是什么？", - "你好，Human！伏尔甘（Vulcan）是古罗马宗教信仰中的火神，他专门象征破坏性的火，如火山爆发和火灾。古罗马人将他视为掌管火的力量，带来火的威胁与破坏。此外，在诗歌中，他的形象与希腊火神赫菲斯托斯相似。" + "伏尔甘（Vulcan）是古罗马宗教信仰中的火神，他专门象征破坏性的火，如火山爆发和火灾。古罗马人将他视为掌管火的力量，带来火的威胁与破坏。此外，在诗歌中，他的形象与希腊火神赫菲斯托斯相似。" ], [ "伏尔甘节到底是一个怎样的节日？有什么主要的活动呢？", @@ -187277,7 +187277,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小船工狗schipperke原产于法兰德斯的狗品种，主要用来看守驳船。小船工狗是洛文纳尔犬的后代，并因此提升了比利时牧羊犬的地位。该狗毛短且厚，无尾，毛色为黑色，头似狐狸，高31～33公分，重可达8公斤。这是一种生性活泼的狗，很好奇，耐劳而精力充沛，能猎捕害兽，也是看守门户的好手。\n\n你好，请问小船工狗schipperke的原产地是哪里？它们主要是做什么用途的？", - "你好，Human！小船工狗Schipperke原产于法兰德斯地区。它们主要是用来看守驳船的。因为它们生性活泼、好奇、耐劳且精力充沛，所以非常适合在船上工作，保证船舶的安全。" + "小船工狗Schipperke原产于法兰德斯地区。它们主要是用来看守驳船的。因为它们生性活泼、好奇、耐劳且精力充沛，所以非常适合在船上工作，保证船舶的安全。" ], [ "小船工狗和比利时牧羊犬有什么关系？", @@ -187380,7 +187380,7 @@ "history": [ [ "密涅瓦Minerva古罗马宗教所信奉的女神，司掌各行业技艺，后来又司理战争。常被人们认为与希腊女神雅典娜融为一体。一些学者认为，当雅典娜的祭仪从伊楚利亚被介绍到罗马时，对密涅瓦的崇拜就开始了。密涅瓦是朱比特三神之一，另外两个是朱比特和朱诺。她在罗马的神殿是工匠行会的聚会场所。对密涅瓦的崇拜在罗马皇帝图密善时期最为流行，图密善希望得到她的特殊庇护。\n\n你好，请问密涅瓦是罗马神话中的什么女神？她主管哪些领域？", - "你好Human！密涅瓦是古罗马宗教所信奉的女神，最早是主管各行业技艺的，后来又司理战争。对密涅瓦的崇拜开始于雅典娜的祭拜从伊楚利亚被引入罗马时。密涅瓦和希腊女神雅典娜常被认为是同一神祇。" + "密涅瓦是古罗马宗教所信奉的女神，最早是主管各行业技艺的，后来又司理战争。对密涅瓦的崇拜开始于雅典娜的祭拜从伊楚利亚被引入罗马时。密涅瓦和希腊女神雅典娜常被认为是同一神祇。" ], [ "那么，密涅瓦和其他罗马神祇之间有什么关系呢？", @@ -187422,7 +187422,7 @@ "history": [ [ "莫霍洛维奇1857～1936年Mohorovi?i?, Andrija克罗埃西亚气象学及地球物理学家，发现了地壳和地函之间的介面；这个介面后被命名为莫霍洛维奇不连续面，也称「莫霍面」（Moho）。他是札格拉布技术学院的教授，又自1892年起任札格拉布气象观测台台长。通过对地震波的研究，他推测固体的地球由一个外层和一个内层构成，两个层面之间存在一个明确的边界。他还设计了一种用于确定震央位置和计算震波传播时间的方法。他是抗震建筑的初期倡导者。\n\n请问你能告诉我莫霍洛维奇是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！莫霍洛维奇（Andrija Mohorovičić）是一位克罗埃西亚气象学和地球物理学家，生活在1857年至1936年。他在地球科学领域有很大的贡献，其中最著名的成就是发现了地壳和地幔之间的界面，该界面被命名为莫霍洛维奇不连续面（简称莫霍面）。他曾担任札格拉布技术学院的教授，并自1892年起担任札格拉布气象观测台台长。" + "莫霍洛维奇（Andrija Mohorovičić）是一位克罗埃西亚气象学和地球物理学家，生活在1857年至1936年。他在地球科学领域有很大的贡献，其中最著名的成就是发现了地壳和地幔之间的界面，该界面被命名为莫霍洛维奇不连续面（简称莫霍面）。他曾担任札格拉布技术学院的教授，并自1892年起担任札格拉布气象观测台台长。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！那么，莫霍洛维奇是如何发现莫霍面的呢？", @@ -187537,7 +187537,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马塔佩迪亚河谷Matapédia Valley加拿大魁北克省东部加斯佩半岛圣母山脉的河谷。延伸约100公里，形成一条从圣罗伦斯河穿过山脉直通大西洋岸的通道，为滨海诸省与加拿大大陆的重要交通运输要道。马塔佩迪亚河从中流出80公里后汇入雷斯蒂古什（Restigouche）河。\n\n你好，请问马塔佩迪亚河谷在加拿大的哪个省份？", - "你好，Human！马塔佩迪亚河谷位于加拿大魁北克省的东部。这个河谷位于圣母山脉中，是一个非常重要的地理特征，请问还有什么我可以帮助你的？" + "马塔佩迪亚河谷位于加拿大魁北克省的东部。这个河谷位于圣母山脉中，是一个非常重要的地理特征，请问还有什么我可以帮助你的？" ], [ "谢谢！马塔佩迪亚河谷有多长？以及它在地理交通方面的意义是什么？", @@ -187640,7 +187640,7 @@ "history": [ [ "章鱼octopus八腕目头足类软体动物的通称。但严格意义上仅指章鱼属动物，广泛分布于浅水中（参阅cephalopod）。章鱼的大小相差极大，最小的长约5公分，而最大的种可长达54公尺，腕展几达9公尺。章鱼的身体呈囊状；头与躯体分界不明显，每条腕可收缩均有肉质的吸盘，一对尖锐的颚及锉状的齿舌，用以钻破贝壳，刮食其肉。大部分章鱼沿海底爬行，但受惊时会从体管喷出水流，从而迅速向反方向移动。遇到危险时会喷出墨汁似的物质，作为烟幕。普通章鱼（Octopus vulgaris）被认为是无脊椎动物中智力最高者。\n\n你好，请问章鱼（Octopus）和其他头足类软体动物有什么区别？", - "你好，Human！章鱼是头足类软体动物中的一种，它们的特点是有八条触手，触手上有肉质的吸盘，以及用于捕食的尖锐颚和锉状齿舌。与其他头足类动物相比，例如鱿鱼或乌贼，章鱼的身体结构更为柔软，没有明显的外骨骼。在智力方面，章鱼被认为是无脊椎动物中最聪明的生物，尤其是普通章鱼（Octopus vulgaris）。希望这些信息对您有所帮助。" + "章鱼是头足类软体动物中的一种，它们的特点是有八条触手，触手上有肉质的吸盘，以及用于捕食的尖锐颚和锉状齿舌。与其他头足类动物相比，例如鱿鱼或乌贼，章鱼的身体结构更为柔软，没有明显的外骨骼。在智力方面，章鱼被认为是无脊椎动物中最聪明的生物，尤其是普通章鱼（Octopus vulgaris）。希望这些信息对您有所帮助。" ], [ "章鱼的分布范围是怎么样的？通常在什么样的水域生活？", @@ -187862,7 +187862,7 @@ "history": [ [ "旗鱼sailfish鲈形目旗鱼科旗鱼属的重要食用鱼和游钓鱼，分布于全世界热、温带海域。吻延伸为长圆形，矛状，与近缘种类如枪鱼的区别是体较细长，腹鳍长，特别是背鳍宽大如帆。体深蓝色，腹侧银白，背鳍亮蓝而有斑点。体长约34公尺，重约90公斤或更重。主要以其他鱼类为食。旗鱼的分类尚无定论，可视为一个种Istiophorus platypterus或几个种。\n\n你好，请问旗鱼是什么样的鱼？", - "你好，Human！旗鱼属于鲈形目旗鱼科的一种重要食用鱼和游钓鱼。它们广泛分布于全球的热带和温带海域。旗鱼的特点是吻长且呈圆形，矛状，与近缘如枪鱼的区别在于体型较细长，腹鳍长，尤其是背鳍宽大如帆。体色为深蓝色，腹侧银白，背鳍亮蓝并带有斑点。旗鱼的体长约为3.4米，重量可达90公斤或更重。它们主要捕食其他鱼类。就种类而言，旗鱼的分类尚无定论，可以视为一种（Istiophorus platypterus）或几个种。" + "旗鱼属于鲈形目旗鱼科的一种重要食用鱼和游钓鱼。它们广泛分布于全球的热带和温带海域。旗鱼的特点是吻长且呈圆形，矛状，与近缘如枪鱼的区别在于体型较细长，腹鳍长，尤其是背鳍宽大如帆。体色为深蓝色，腹侧银白，背鳍亮蓝并带有斑点。旗鱼的体长约为3.4米，重量可达90公斤或更重。它们主要捕食其他鱼类。就种类而言，旗鱼的分类尚无定论，可以视为一种（Istiophorus platypterus）或几个种。" ], [ "旗鱼在捕食时有什么独特的技巧吗？", @@ -188383,7 +188383,7 @@ "history": [ [ "苏克雷Sucre玻利维亚的法定首都。1539年左右由西班牙人在查尔卡斯印第安人的居住地上建立，1561年成为上秘鲁查尔卡斯区首府，1609年成为大主教管区。当地的许多殖民地教堂至今仍保留着。它是早期反抗西班牙起义叛乱的起源地之一（1809），1825年玻利维亚的独立宣言也在此签定，该市于1839年成为首都。1898年因试图迁都拉巴斯而引起了一场内战，结果使这两座城市同时成为首都。国家最高法院也设于此地。现在逐渐成长为商业中心。圣方济沙勿略大学（1624年建）坐落在此，是南美洲最古老的大学之一。人口约145,000（1993）。\n\n请问苏克雷是哪个国家的首都？", - "你好，Human。苏克雷是玻利维亚的法定首都。" + "苏克雷是玻利维亚的法定首都。" ], [ "苏克雷的历史可以追溯到哪一年？", @@ -188704,7 +188704,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沙里尔1909～1966年Sjahrir, Sutan印尼民族主义者、总理。曾在荷兰接受教育，后回到印尼，1930年代参加创立了民族主义党。这一政党主张采取西方的立宪民主政治，反对苏卡诺的统治。第二次世界大战后出任内阁总理，并从当时的总统苏卡诺手中夺取政权，以免苏卡诺与日本的串通损害印尼在国际上的形象。沙里尔经由与荷兰的谈判取得了对苏门答腊和爪哇的主权。曾两次被迫辞职（1946、1947），随后建立了印尼社会党，但是未能赢得民众支援，1960年被苏卡诺取缔，沙里尔也被捕入狱。\n\n请问沙里尔和苏卡诺之间的政治理念有什么不同？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，沙里尔（Sutan Sjahrir）和苏卡诺之间存在一定的政治理念差异。沙里尔曾在荷兰接受教育，是印尼民族主义党的创始人之一，他倾向于采取西方的立宪民主政治，并反对苏卡诺的统治。而苏卡诺作为印尼的总统，并没有明确提供他的政治理念，但从他对沙里尔的反对以及后来取缔沙里尔的政党，可以看出他们之间的政治观念存在分歧。这两位领导人间的政治理念差异使得他们在印尼政治历史中有着竞争和冲突。" + "根据提供的信息，沙里尔（Sutan Sjahrir）和苏卡诺之间存在一定的政治理念差异。沙里尔曾在荷兰接受教育，是印尼民族主义党的创始人之一，他倾向于采取西方的立宪民主政治，并反对苏卡诺的统治。而苏卡诺作为印尼的总统，并没有明确提供他的政治理念，但从他对沙里尔的反对以及后来取缔沙里尔的政党，可以看出他们之间的政治观念存在分歧。这两位领导人间的政治理念差异使得他们在印尼政治历史中有着竞争和冲突。" ], [ "那么沙里尔在第二次世界大战后是如何夺取政权的呢？", @@ -189731,7 +189731,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斧蛤coquina (clam)双壳纲的一种海产贝类，学名Donax variabilis。生活在北美大西洋沿岸（从维吉尼亚到墨西哥湾）的沙滩。长约10～25公厘。壳楔形，颜色变异大，从白、黄、粉红到蓝和紫红色。它们很活跃，能随潮水在海滩上前后迁移。水管短，取食悬浮的植物质或残屑。这种斧蛤和斧蛤属的其他种类都供食用。\n\n根据我刚刚了解到的关于斧蛤的信息，它们生活在哪里？", - "你好，Human！斧蛤（学名：Donax variabilis）生活在北美大西洋沿岸，分布范围从维吉尼亚州一直延伸到墨西哥湾。它们主要生活在沙滩上，可以随着潮水在海滩上前后迁移。" + "斧蛤（学名：Donax variabilis）生活在北美大西洋沿岸，分布范围从维吉尼亚州一直延伸到墨西哥湾。它们主要生活在沙滩上，可以随着潮水在海滩上前后迁移。" ], [ "它们的外壳有什么特点？", @@ -189937,11 +189937,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你详细的回答，古生物学确实很有趣。", "input": "", - "output": "你很客气，Human！很高兴能帮助你了解古生物学这个有趣的领域。如果你还有其他问题，欢迎随时向我提问，我会尽力帮助你。", + "output": "你很客气！很高兴能帮助你了解古生物学这个有趣的领域。如果你还有其他问题，欢迎随时向我提问，我会尽力帮助你。", "history": [ [ "古生物学paleontology亦作palaeontology研究地质古代生命，包括分析保存在岩石中的动植物化石的科学。它涉及到古代生命形态生物学的各个方面：外形和结构、演化模式、在分类学上与现代生物物种及彼此之间的关系，地理分布、与环境之间的内部关系等。古生物学在重建地球历史上具有重要作用，并为演化论提供了很多依据。此外，由于石油和天然气的形成常与某些古生物形态的残骸相关，因此古生物学研究的资料还有助于石化地理学家确定石油和天然气矿藏地。\n\n你好，根据上面的信息，简单介绍一下古生物学这个领域吧。", - "你好，Human！古生物学是一门研究地质时期生物的科学。它涉及研究化石动植物的外形和结构、演化模式、与现代生物物种及彼此之间的关系、地理分布, 以及与环境之间的内部关系等。古生物学对地球历史的重建有很大帮助，并为演化论提供了很多证据。此外，古生物学的研究数据还能帮助找寻石油和天然气矿藏地。" + "古生物学是一门研究地质时期生物的科学。它涉及研究化石动植物的外形和结构、演化模式、与现代生物物种及彼此之间的关系、地理分布, 以及与环境之间的内部关系等。古生物学对地球历史的重建有很大帮助，并为演化论提供了很多证据。此外，古生物学的研究数据还能帮助找寻石油和天然气矿藏地。" ], [ "那么古生物学如何帮助我们重建地球的历史呢？", @@ -190055,7 +190055,7 @@ "history": [ [ "米却肯Michoacán墨西哥西南部一州。濒临太平洋，位于马德雷山系沿海狭窄的平原地区。1530年代，巴斯科德基罗加修士在塔拉斯卡印第安人居住的帕茨夸罗湖成功地建立起第一个传教会。该州位于火山活跃地带，霍鲁约火山即形成于1759年的一次火山爆发中，帕里库廷火山则形成于1943～1952年间持续的火山喷发。该地区有范围广大的森林资源和热带作物。首府是莫雷利亚，其余重要城市包括乌鲁阿潘、萨莫拉和帕茨夸罗。面积59,928平方公里。人口约3,925,450（1997）。\n\n您好，请告诉我一下，米却肯州的地理位置怎么样？", - "您好，Human！米却肯州位于墨西哥西南部，濒临太平洋，与马德雷山系的沿海狭窄平原地区相邻。这个地理位置使得米却肯州具有丰富的自然资源和良好的气候条件。有任何其他问题我可以帮您解答吗？" + "米却肯州位于墨西哥西南部，濒临太平洋，与马德雷山系的沿海狭窄平原地区相邻。这个地理位置使得米却肯州具有丰富的自然资源和良好的气候条件。有任何其他问题我可以帮您解答吗？" ], [ "是的，请告诉我米却肯州的首府是哪个城市？", @@ -190409,7 +190409,7 @@ "history": [ [ "萨珊王朝224～651年Sasanian dynasty亦作Sassanian dynasty波斯王朝（224～651）。阿尔达希尔一世（224?～241年在位）建立，并以其祖先萨珊（约西元1世纪）的名字命名。它取代了安息帝国（参阅Parthia）。其都城在泰西封。该王朝在其存在期间一直为了生存而在西方与罗马和拜占庭王国作战，在东方与贵霜王朝和哒作战。3世纪时，其领土从粟特和乔治亚延伸到阿拉伯半岛北部，东从印度河直到西边的底格里斯－幼发拉底河流域。阿契美尼德王朝的传统在这里得到复兴，琐罗亚斯德教重新成为国教，艺术和建筑都得到了复兴。该王朝的重要君王包括沙普尔一世（272年去世）、沙普尔二世（309～379）、霍斯罗夫一世和霍斯罗夫二世。萨珊王朝是阿拉伯入侵该地区以前最后的波斯人王朝。\n\n你好，请问萨珊王朝是由谁创建的？", - "你好，Human。萨珊王朝是由阿尔达希尔一世（224?～241年在位）创建的。该王朝以他的祖先萨珊（大约公元1世纪）的名字命名。这个信息能帮助你了解萨珊王朝的起源和创建者，从而提供一个对这个历史时期的基本理解。" + "萨珊王朝是由阿尔达希尔一世（224?～241年在位）创建的。该王朝以他的祖先萨珊（大约公元1世纪）的名字命名。这个信息能帮助你了解萨珊王朝的起源和创建者，从而提供一个对这个历史时期的基本理解。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答，请问萨珊王朝取代了哪个国家？", @@ -190482,7 +190482,7 @@ "history": [ [ "博韦里1862～1915年Boveri, Theodor Heinrich德国细胞学家，研究蛔虫卵，证明染色体是细胞核内可分的连续实体。他与萨顿是率先提出基因位在染色体上的人。他证明了伯内登（Edouard van Beneden）创建的学说－－受精卵的染色体一半来自卵细胞，一半来自精子。后来，他采用中心体一词，并证明中心体是卵细胞分裂时的分裂中心。\n\n我最近在了解博韦里这位伟大的细胞学家，请问你能跟我简单介绍一下他的主要贡献吗？", - "你好，Human! 很高兴为你介绍博韦里（Theodor Heinrich Boveri）的成就。他是一位德国细胞学家，活跃于1862年至1915年。博韦里以研究蛔虫卵而著名，他证明了染色体是细胞核内可分的连续实体。他与萨顿（Walter Sutton）均率先提出基因位于染色体上的观点。此外，博韦里还验证了伯内登（Edouard van Beneden）的观点，即受精卵的染色体一半来自卵细胞，一半来自精子。在后来的研究中，他使用“中心体”这个术语，并证明中心体在卵细胞分裂时起着分裂中心的作用。" + "很高兴为你介绍博韦里（Theodor Heinrich Boveri）的成就。他是一位德国细胞学家，活跃于1862年至1915年。博韦里以研究蛔虫卵而著名，他证明了染色体是细胞核内可分的连续实体。他与萨顿（Walter Sutton）均率先提出基因位于染色体上的观点。此外，博韦里还验证了伯内登（Edouard van Beneden）的观点，即受精卵的染色体一半来自卵细胞，一半来自精子。在后来的研究中，他使用“中心体”这个术语，并证明中心体在卵细胞分裂时起着分裂中心的作用。" ], [ "能详细讲讲博韦里是如何利用蛔虫卵证明染色体是细胞核内可分的连续实体的吗？", @@ -190543,7 +190543,7 @@ { "instruction": "迈耶1866～1950年Meyer, Adolf瑞士出生的美国精神病学家。1892年移民至美国，后来主要任教于霍普金斯大学（1910～1941）。他提出了一种有关人类行为的概念，称作行为整体学或心理生物学，整合了心理学和生物学的研究。迈耶强调精确的病史的重要性，在弗洛伊德的理论广被接受之前就提出儿童期的性情感可以促成严重的心理问题，确定精神病基本上由人格障碍引起，而非由脑病理变化引起。他认识到社会环境在精神障碍的形成中的重要性，于是他的妻子开始拜访病患的家庭，成为第一个尝试的精神病社会工作。\n\n你好，请问迈耶是何时创立行为整体学或心理生物学这一概念的？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，没有确切的时间告诉我们迈耶是何时创立行为整体学或心理生物学的。不过，从他的生平简介来看，可以推测在他移民美国并在霍普金斯大学任教的这段时间里（1892年至1941年），他逐渐发展和完善了这一概念。他整合了心理学和生物学的研究，提出了一种有关人类行为的理论，并聚焦于精神病学领域。", + "output": "根据提供的信息，没有确切的时间告诉我们迈耶是何时创立行为整体学或心理生物学的。不过，从他的生平简介来看，可以推测在他移民美国并在霍普金斯大学任教的这段时间里（1892年至1941年），他逐渐发展和完善了这一概念。他整合了心理学和生物学的研究，提出了一种有关人类行为的理论，并聚焦于精神病学领域。", "history": [] }, { @@ -190713,7 +190713,7 @@ "history": [ [ "诺索布河Nossob River亦作Nosop River南非的河流。发源于那米比亚中部，流向西南，穿过喀拉哈里沙漠后形成波札那和南非之间的部分边界，并把喀拉哈里大羚羊国家公园一分为二。与奥布（Auob）河汇合后进入莫洛波（Molopo）河，莫洛波河再注入大西洋。全长约800公里。由于降雨量不均匀，整个20世纪中，下游的诺索布河床只有几次有流水。\n\n我刚刚了解了一下关于诺索布河的信息，想请教一下诺索布河的发源地是哪里？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，诺索布河发源于那米比亚中部。诺索布河向西南流动，穿越喀拉哈里沙漠，然后形成波札那和南非之间的部分边界。如果你有关于诺索布河的其他问题，请随时提问！" + "根据你提供的信息，诺索布河发源于那米比亚中部。诺索布河向西南流动，穿越喀拉哈里沙漠，然后形成波札那和南非之间的部分边界。如果你有关于诺索布河的其他问题，请随时提问！" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。关于喀拉哈里大羚羊国家公园，诺索布河在公园内有什么作用？", @@ -190751,7 +190751,7 @@ "history": [ [ "腓力二世1165～1223年Philip II法语作Philippe别名腓力奥古斯特（Philip Augustus）法国国王（1179～1223）。法国卡佩王朝的第一位伟大国王。他逐步夺回了被英格兰国王掌控的法国领土。他与英国的理查一世一起加入第三次十字军东征，但不久两位国王就反目成仇。1191年腓力二世回到法国，袭击英国领土。理查在回国途中在奥地利被囚，直到1194年才获释放，旋即投入对法国的战争。1199年理查被杀后，他的兄弟约翰与腓力签订和约（1200），但不到两年两国又重启战端。1204年腓力征服了诺曼第，占领曼恩、图赖讷、安茹和普瓦图（1204～1205）。约翰后来组织了反法联盟，但在1214年的布汶战役中被腓力击溃。腓力还将法国领土伸展到法兰德斯和朗格多克。\n\n你好，请问能告诉我腓力二世是哪个国家的国王吗？", - "你好，Human。腓力二世（Philip II法语作Philippe）是法国国王，他在1179年至1223年期间统治，属于法国卡佩王朝。他被誉为法国卡佩王朝的第一位伟大国王，为法国争回了大量失去给英格兰的领土。" + "腓力二世（Philip II法语作Philippe）是法国国王，他在1179年至1223年期间统治，属于法国卡佩王朝。他被誉为法国卡佩王朝的第一位伟大国王，为法国争回了大量失去给英格兰的领土。" ], [ "哦，了解了，那腓力二世与英国理查一世有什么关系呢？", @@ -191302,7 +191302,7 @@ "history": [ [ "迦玛列一世Gamaliel I亦称Rabban Gamaliel活动时期约西元1世纪以色列早期的犹太教律法师和牧首。知名的希勒尔之孙。后来成为受人崇敬的托拉（Torah，律法书）学者和犹太教公会成员。以娴熟犹太教口传律法闻名，是第一个被授予列班（rabban）头衔的人。据《新约》所载，他是使徒圣保罗的老师，也是早期基督教人士的朋友。\n\n你好，请问迦玛列一世是什么时候活动的？", - "你好，Human！迦玛列一世，也叫Rabban Gamaliel，活动时期约在西元1世纪。他是以色列早期的犹太教律法师和牧首，对于当时的犹太教和基督教产生了很大影响。如果你有更多关于他的问题，请随时向我提问。" + "迦玛列一世，也叫Rabban Gamaliel，活动时期约在西元1世纪。他是以色列早期的犹太教律法师和牧首，对于当时的犹太教和基督教产生了很大影响。如果你有更多关于他的问题，请随时向我提问。" ], [ "迦玛列一世和希勒尔有什么关系？", @@ -191577,7 +191577,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克莱斯勒1875～1962年Kreisler, Fritz原名Friedrich Kreisler奥地利小提琴家和作曲家。七岁时入维也纳音乐学院，十二岁完成音乐学习。十几岁时就在国际上巡回演出，后停止演出而攻读医学。之后重拾小提琴，在柏林和维也纳演出获得很大成功（1898）。他在欧洲和美国巡回演出，直到第一次世界大战开始，其间在1910年他首次公演了艾尔加的小提琴协奏曲。从战争创伤中恢复过来后，他继续巡回演出（1919～1950）。他的那些极具魅力的小品包括《中国花鼓》和《爱之悲》，至今仍被要求重奏。\n\n请问克莱斯勒在哪些领域取得了成功？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，克莱斯勒（Fritz Kreisler）是一位奥地利小提琴家和作曲家。他在两个主要领域取得了成功：一是作为一位杰出的小提琴演奏家，他在国际上巡回演出并在柏林和维也纳等地取得了巨大成功。二是作为一位作曲家，他创作了许多极具魅力的小品，例如《中国花鼓》和《爱之悲》，至今仍被要求重奏。因此，克莱斯勒在小提琴演奏和音乐作曲两个领域都取得了成功。" + "根据提供的信息，克莱斯勒（Fritz Kreisler）是一位奥地利小提琴家和作曲家。他在两个主要领域取得了成功：一是作为一位杰出的小提琴演奏家，他在国际上巡回演出并在柏林和维也纳等地取得了巨大成功。二是作为一位作曲家，他创作了许多极具魅力的小品，例如《中国花鼓》和《爱之悲》，至今仍被要求重奏。因此，克莱斯勒在小提琴演奏和音乐作曲两个领域都取得了成功。" ], [ "能告诉我下克莱斯勒的成长经历吗？", @@ -191695,7 +191695,7 @@ "history": [ [ "喀威尔1710～1780年Carver, Jonathan美国探险家。曾参与法国－印第安战争。1766年被罗杰兹少校派往密西根北部以西地区探险。他越过大湖区到密西西比河，溯流而上到达苏族村落，他的探险之旅十分成功（1778年出书），但他心力交瘁而死，所着历险的书籍曾经风靡一时。\n\n我想了解一下喀威尔这个人，他是谁？", - "你好，Human！喀威尔，全名Jonathan Carver，是一位美国探险家，他活跃于1710年至1780年之间。喀威尔曾参加法国－印第安战争。后来，在1766年他被罗杰兹少校派遣到密西根北部以西地区进行探险。" + "喀威尔，全名Jonathan Carver，是一位美国探险家，他活跃于1710年至1780年之间。喀威尔曾参加法国－印第安战争。后来，在1766年他被罗杰兹少校派遣到密西根北部以西地区进行探险。" ], [ "他的探险经历有什么重要的发现或贡献？", @@ -191888,7 +191888,7 @@ "history": [ [ "凯洛格1856～1937年Kellogg, Frank B(illings)美国律师和外交家。在反托拉斯诉讼案中他代表美国政府，后来进入美国参议院（1917～1923），1923～1925年任驻英国大使。柯立芝总统任命为国务卿（1925～1929），参加了凯洛格－白里安公约的谈判，1929年获诺贝尔和平奖。1930～1935年间任常设国际法庭法官。\n\n请问你能给我简要介绍一下Frank B. Kellogg这个人吗？", - "你好，Human。当然可以。Frank B. Kellogg（1856-1937）是一位美国律师和外交家。他因在反托拉斯诉讼案中代表美国政府而声名鹊起。后来，他进入美国参议院（1917-1923），成为驻英国大使（1923-1925），并被柯立芝总统任命为国务卿（1925-1929）。他参加了凯洛格-白里安公约的谈判，并因此于1929年获得诺贝尔和平奖。从1930年至1935年，他担任常设国际法庭法官。以上信息为您详细介绍了Frank B. Kellogg的职业生涯，希望对您有所帮助。" + "当然可以。Frank B. Kellogg（1856-1937）是一位美国律师和外交家。他因在反托拉斯诉讼案中代表美国政府而声名鹊起。后来，他进入美国参议院（1917-1923），成为驻英国大使（1923-1925），并被柯立芝总统任命为国务卿（1925-1929）。他参加了凯洛格-白里安公约的谈判，并因此于1929年获得诺贝尔和平奖。从1930年至1935年，他担任常设国际法庭法官。以上信息为您详细介绍了Frank B. Kellogg的职业生涯，希望对您有所帮助。" ], [ "那么反托拉斯诉讼是如何影响到Frank B. Kellogg职业生涯的？", @@ -192056,7 +192056,7 @@ "history": [ [ "摩达维亚Moldavia中欧东南部的前公国。位于多瑙河下游。14世纪由弗拉其人（Vlach）建立，1349年获得独立。16世纪中期处于鄂图曼帝国统治之下。1774年被俄国控制；很快其西北部领土布科维纳被奥地利侵占，东部和比萨拉比亚又割让给了俄国。1859年摩达维亚和瓦拉几亚组成了罗马尼亚。1918年摩达维亚从前被割让的领土加入了罗马尼亚。位于聂斯特河以东，乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国境内，仍处于苏联控制之下的领土于1924年成立了摩达维亚苏维埃社会主义共和国。亦请参阅Moldova。\n\n请问摩达维亚公国是哪个时期建立的？", - "你好，Human！摩达维亚公国是在14世纪由弗拉其人（Vlach）建立的。这个国家位于中欧东南部，多瑙河下游地区。这个信息可以帮助你了解摩达维亚公国成立的时间和地理位置。" + "摩达维亚公国是在14世纪由弗拉其人（Vlach）建立的。这个国家位于中欧东南部，多瑙河下游地区。这个信息可以帮助你了解摩达维亚公国成立的时间和地理位置。" ], [ "谢谢！我还想了解一下，摩达维亚公国何时获得独立？", @@ -192350,7 +192350,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿兹Ards北爱尔兰的一个区（1995年人口约67,000）。1973年设。原在唐郡（Downs）境内。有大面积的农田和牧场。纽敦纳兹（Newtownards）1608年由苏格兰设立，为区行政中心和制造业中心。半岛东北端的多纳哈迪是着名游览城镇。\n\n你好，请问你是否了解阿兹Ards区的基本信息？", - "你好，Human！当然了解。阿兹Ards位于北爱尔兰，1973年设立，它原本属于唐郡（Downs）境内。整个地区有大面积的农田和牧场，1995年人口约为67,000。其中，纽敦纳兹（Newtownards）是区行政中心和制造业中心，于1608年由苏格兰设立。此外，半岛东北端的多纳哈迪是著名的旅游城镇。这些信息帮助人们了解到阿兹Ards区的基本情况。" + "当然了解。阿兹Ards位于北爱尔兰，1973年设立，它原本属于唐郡（Downs）境内。整个地区有大面积的农田和牧场，1995年人口约为67,000。其中，纽敦纳兹（Newtownards）是区行政中心和制造业中心，于1608年由苏格兰设立。此外，半岛东北端的多纳哈迪是著名的旅游城镇。这些信息帮助人们了解到阿兹Ards区的基本情况。" ], [ "哇塞，你真了解阿兹Ards。能展开讲讲纽敦纳兹吗？", @@ -192499,7 +192499,7 @@ "history": [ [ "酒精饮料alcoholic beverage任何含醇或乙醇的发酵酒如葡萄酒（wine）、啤酒（beer）或蒸馏酒（distilled liquor），可用作陶醉剂。酒精饮料一旦入肚后，所含的酒精可不经消化即被胃肠道吸收，故血中的酒精在饮酒后不久即可达到一相当高的浓度，接着酒精会透过血液分布到体内各组织，其中尤以脑受到的影响最大。当饮酒量渐增后，饮酒者会有注意力减退、视线模糊、肌肉不协调和昏昏欲睡等症状。\n\n你好，请问酒精饮料是什么？", - "你好，Human！酒精饮料是一类含有醇或乙醇的饮料，它们的产生通常来源于发酵或者蒸馏。比较常见的酒精饮料有葡萄酒、啤酒和蒸馏酒等。酒精饮料的主要作用是让人产生轻微的愉悦和放松感。" + "酒精饮料是一类含有醇或乙醇的饮料，它们的产生通常来源于发酵或者蒸馏。比较常见的酒精饮料有葡萄酒、啤酒和蒸馏酒等。酒精饮料的主要作用是让人产生轻微的愉悦和放松感。" ], [ "喝酒后酒精是如何在人体内分布的？", @@ -192918,7 +192918,7 @@ "history": [ [ "科里班特Corybant古代东方和希腊－罗马神话中所崇奉的众神之母的侍者，生性狂纵不羁、半似神灵半似妖魔。常与宙斯的侍者混淆。科里班特显然来自亚洲，崇拜仪式颇富神秘色彩。信众在祭祀科里班特时狂舞，据说可以使癫狂之病痊癒。\n\n请问你了解科里班特（Corybant）这个神话人物吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解科里班特。在古代东方和希腊－罗马神话中，科里班特是众神之母的侍者。他们生性狂纵不羁，形象介于神灵和妖魔之间。科里班特起源于亚洲，他们的崇拜仪式具有神秘色彩。信众在祭祀科里班特时会进行狂舞，据说这样可以治愈癫狂之病。" + "我了解科里班特。在古代东方和希腊－罗马神话中，科里班特是众神之母的侍者。他们生性狂纵不羁，形象介于神灵和妖魔之间。科里班特起源于亚洲，他们的崇拜仪式具有神秘色彩。信众在祭祀科里班特时会进行狂舞，据说这样可以治愈癫狂之病。" ], [ "请问科里班特和宙斯的侍者有什么区别？", @@ -192994,7 +192994,7 @@ "history": [ [ "福克纳1897～1962年Faulkner, William (Cuthbert)原名William Cuthbert Falkner美国小说家。只上过两年高中和一年大学。但他博览群书，一生大部分在密西西比州的牛津度过。最有名的是以虚构的约克纳帕塔法（Yoknapatawpha）县为背景的一系列小说，这个县成为美国南方和其悲剧性的历史象征。其第一部大型小说是《痴人狂喧》（1929），以实验性的创作技巧受人瞩目，包括意识流手法。他原本在欧洲的知名度比美国还高，直到出版了《在我弥留之际》（1930）、《八月之光》（1932）、《押沙龙，押沙龙！》（1936）和《去吧！摩西》（1942）之后，在国内的名声才开始窜高。1946年出版《袖珍本福克纳选集》，才打开他的作品销路，并在1949年获得诺贝尔文学奖。1950年的《小说集》获国家图书奖。他还写有电影剧本、一部戏剧和两卷诗集。无论在国内或国外（尤其是拉丁美洲），他是20世纪影响力最大的作家之一。\n\n请问福克纳是哪个国家的作家？", - "你好，Human。福克纳（Faulkner, William）是一位美国小说家。他原名为William Cuthbert Falkner，生活在1897年至1962年。他的大部分生活是在美国密西西比州的牛津度过的。如果你对福克纳有更多的问题，请随时提问。" + "福克纳（Faulkner, William）是一位美国小说家。他原名为William Cuthbert Falkner，生活在1897年至1962年。他的大部分生活是在美国密西西比州的牛津度过的。如果你对福克纳有更多的问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "福克纳的教育背景是什么？会对他的创作产生什么影响？", @@ -193450,7 +193450,7 @@ "history": [ [ "汽车automobile一种主要为客货运输设计的自动推进车辆，一般为四轮，通常由使用挥发性燃料的内燃机（internal combustion engine）驱动。现代汽车是由约一万四千多个零件组成，可区分为几个结构和机械系统，其中包括：钢制车身，含容纳乘客和储物的空间，安置在底盘或钢架上；汽油内燃机，藉由传动器（变速器）发动汽车；转向驾驶和制动系统，控制车子的动作；电子系统，包括蓄电池、交流发电机和其他装置。其他一些重要的系统包括：燃料、排气、润滑、冷却、悬吊和轮胎系统等。虽然在18和19世纪中叶已建造实验性的交通工具，但商业性生产一直要到1880年代戴姆勒（Gottlieb Daimler, 1863～1928）和宾士（Karl Benz）两人于德国分别制造汽车才开始。在美国，詹姆斯帕卡德（James Packard）、威廉帕卡德（William Packard, 1861～1923）和奥斯（Ransom Olds, 1864～1950）算是第一批汽车制造业者，到了1898年美国就有五十家汽车制造厂。早期一些汽车是以蒸气机发动的，如1902年左右史坦利兄弟（Francis E and Freelan O Stanley）所做的。福特采用内燃机，1908年推出T型汽车（Model T），不久，更以装配线（assembly line）生产而进行了一次工业革命。1930年代欧洲制造商开始制造小型而人人买得起的汽车，如福斯汽车（Volk swagen）。1950年代和1960年代，美国则倾向生产大型和豪华的汽车，加上更自动化的配备。到了1970年代、1980年代，日本汽车制造商出口小型、经济又实用的汽车到世界各地，其日渐风靡的程度迫使美国制造商生产同一类型的车款。亦请参阅axle、brake、bus、carburetor、electric automobile、fuel injection、motorcycle、truck。\n\n你好，能为我解释一下什么是汽车吗？", - "你好，Human！汽车是一种自动推进的交通工具，通常以内燃机为动力源，设计用于运送人和货物。它一般有四个轮子，由约1.4万个零部件组成。汽车的主要组件包括钢制车身、内燃发动机、传动系统、制动和转向系统以及电子系统。汽车的商业生产始于19世纪末的德国，随后传播到美国和其他国家，并在20世纪迅速发展。" + "汽车是一种自动推进的交通工具，通常以内燃机为动力源，设计用于运送人和货物。它一般有四个轮子，由约1.4万个零部件组成。汽车的主要组件包括钢制车身、内燃发动机、传动系统、制动和转向系统以及电子系统。汽车的商业生产始于19世纪末的德国，随后传播到美国和其他国家，并在20世纪迅速发展。" ], [ "请问内燃机是如何驱动汽车的呢？", @@ -193769,7 +193769,7 @@ "history": [ [ "扁桃腺tonsil咽喉壁内的淋巴组织小团。扁桃腺一词通常指口咽部两侧的颚扁桃腺。扁桃腺被认为可以产生抗体，以杀灭感染源，防止呼吸道和消化道感染的功能，但扁桃腺亦常成为感染病灶（参阅tonsillitis），儿童尤为如此。另外还有咽扁桃腺常称为类腺体和舌扁桃腺，位于舌根部。后者较其他引流通畅，感染罕见。\n\n请问扁桃腺具体是什么结构？", - "你好，Human！扁桃腺是咽喉壁内的淋巴组织小团。通常我们说的扁桃腺是指口咽部两侧的颚扁桃腺。除此之外，扁桃腺还分为咽扁桃腺（常称为类腺体）和舌扁桃腺，它们分别位于咽部和舌根部。这些淋巴结组织参与免疫反应，可以产生抗体来杀灭感染源，预防呼吸道和消化道感染。" + "扁桃腺是咽喉壁内的淋巴组织小团。通常我们说的扁桃腺是指口咽部两侧的颚扁桃腺。除此之外，扁桃腺还分为咽扁桃腺（常称为类腺体）和舌扁桃腺，它们分别位于咽部和舌根部。这些淋巴结组织参与免疫反应，可以产生抗体来杀灭感染源，预防呼吸道和消化道感染。" ], [ "扁桃腺有什么重要的作用呢？", @@ -193943,7 +193943,7 @@ "history": [ [ "利亚德河Liard River加拿大西北部的河流。发源于育空地区，流向东南，穿过不列颠哥伦比亚省。然后转向东北，在西北地区注入马更些河，全长1,115公里。上游多湍流峡谷，下游可通小船。因沿岸多杨树（liard）而得名。\n\n请问利亚德河是哪个国家的河流？", - "你好，Human！利亚德河是加拿大西北部的一条河流。根据您提供的信息，它发源于育空地区，流向东南，穿过不列颠哥伦比亚省。然后转向东北，在西北地区注入马更些河。这条河流的全长为1,115公里，是加拿大一条重要的河流。" + "利亚德河是加拿大西北部的一条河流。根据您提供的信息，它发源于育空地区，流向东南，穿过不列颠哥伦比亚省。然后转向东北，在西北地区注入马更些河。这条河流的全长为1,115公里，是加拿大一条重要的河流。" ], [ "非常感谢！关于这条河的特点有哪些呢？", @@ -193962,7 +193962,7 @@ "history": [ [ "否认原则nullification在美国，主张州有权宣布联邦政府法令在其境内无效的学说。该原则首次在维吉尼亚和肯塔基决议（1798）中被阐明，并由卡尔霍恩为回应1828年联邦关税法案而加以延伸。卡尔霍恩主张各州可在其管辖范围内宣布联邦政府法令无效。南卡罗来纳州议会通过「否认法令」（1832），并威胁脱离联邦，如果其坚持执行1828年联邦关税法案。杰克森总统声称联邦政府拥有最高权力。美国国会通过降低关税的关税法案协议，但也另通过「武力法案」，授权杰克森动用联邦军队。南卡罗来纳州代表大会作出反应，废除「否认法令」，但两者间的冲突强调出否认原则所造成的威胁。\n\n你好，请问你是否了解否认原则在美国的概念及其在历史上的发展情况？", - "你好，Human。是的，我了解否认原则在美国的概念和其在历史上的发展情况。否认原则指的是主张州有权宣布联邦政府法令在其境内无效的学说。它首次在1798年的维吉尼亚和肯塔基决议中被阐明，1828年，卡尔霍恩又在回应联邦关税法案时加以延伸。南卡罗来纳州用此原则作理论依据，于1832年通过「否认法令」并威胁脱离联邦。最终经过双方妥协，美国国会通过了降低关税的关税法案协议，南卡罗来纳州代表大会废除了「否认法令」。尽管如此，这个事件表现了否认原则对国家团结所造成的潜在威胁。" + "是的，我了解否认原则在美国的概念和其在历史上的发展情况。否认原则指的是主张州有权宣布联邦政府法令在其境内无效的学说。它首次在1798年的维吉尼亚和肯塔基决议中被阐明，1828年，卡尔霍恩又在回应联邦关税法案时加以延伸。南卡罗来纳州用此原则作理论依据，于1832年通过「否认法令」并威胁脱离联邦。最终经过双方妥协，美国国会通过了降低关税的关税法案协议，南卡罗来纳州代表大会废除了「否认法令」。尽管如此，这个事件表现了否认原则对国家团结所造成的潜在威胁。" ], [ "在维吉尼亚和肯塔基决议中，否认原则是如何被提出和阐明的呢？", @@ -194420,7 +194420,7 @@ "history": [ [ "内蒙古Nei Monggol亦拼作Nei-meng-ku英文称为Inner Mongolia中国的自治区，人口数约为22,840,000人（1996）。内蒙古位于中国的北部和东北部，首府呼和浩特，由蒙古人和中国人构成其大部分的人口，大多数都集中在靠近黄河的农带地带上。内蒙古是座海拔约3,000英尺（900公尺）的内陆高原，周围为山脉与谷地。内蒙古的北部位于戈壁沙漠之内，其南部则有部分以长城为边界。内蒙古在1644年与蒙古（或称外蒙古（Outer Mongolia））分离，而后于1947年建为自治区。其严酷的气候限制了密集农业的发展，此地并有若干工业发展。\n\n我想了解一下内蒙古的地理位置和地形特点，能给我详细介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human。内蒙古位于中国的北部和东北部，是一个自治区。至于地形特点，内蒙古是一个海拔约3,000英尺（900公尺）的内陆高原，周围有山脉和谷地。北部地区位于戈壁沙漠之内，而南部则有部分地区以长城为边界。希望这些信息能帮助你了解内蒙古的地理位置和地形特点。" + "内蒙古位于中国的北部和东北部，是一个自治区。至于地形特点，内蒙古是一个海拔约3,000英尺（900公尺）的内陆高原，周围有山脉和谷地。北部地区位于戈壁沙漠之内，而南部则有部分地区以长城为边界。希望这些信息能帮助你了解内蒙古的地理位置和地形特点。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答，我还想知道内蒙古的主要人口种族和人口分布。", @@ -194523,7 +194523,7 @@ "history": [ [ "荷兰Holland尼德兰历史区，位于这个现代国家的西北部。最早在12世纪时是神圣罗马帝国的采邑，1299年与埃诺（Hainaut）统一。到1433年为止，一直由维特尔斯巴赫家族（Wittelsbach）的成员担任荷兰、泽兰和埃诺伯爵，同年他们把头衔让给勃艮地公爵腓力三世。1482年落入哈布斯堡王朝手中，1572年成为反西班牙起事的中心。1579年荷兰和尼德兰北部其他六个省份宣布从西班牙独立。其首都阿姆斯特丹成为18世纪欧洲顶尖的商业中心。1806～1810年拿破仑的荷兰王国占据这片领土。1840年被分为北荷兰省和南荷兰省。\n\n请问荷兰这个地区在12世纪时是哪个国家的领土？", - "你好，Human！荷兰历史区在12世纪时是神圣罗马帝国的一部分。当时，它是神圣罗马帝国的一个采邑。这个信息可以帮助你理解荷兰在中世纪时期的政治地位。" + "荷兰历史区在12世纪时是神圣罗马帝国的一部分。当时，它是神圣罗马帝国的一个采邑。这个信息可以帮助你理解荷兰在中世纪时期的政治地位。" ], [ "荷兰的统治者曾经发生过改变吗？", @@ -194832,7 +194832,7 @@ { "instruction": "阿方索五世1396～1458年Alfonso V别名Alfonso the Magnanimous亚拉冈（Aragon）国王（1416～1458年在位）及那不勒斯国王（阿方索一世，1442～1458年在位）。他继续推行亚拉冈的地中海扩张政策，率舰队扫荡萨丁尼亚（Sardinia）和西西里，并进攻科西嘉（Corsica, 1420）。1435年在准备攻打那不勒斯时，被热那亚人所俘。他又与米兰统治者结为盟友，继续攻打那不勒斯。1442年他攻占那不勒斯，并将他的宫廷迁到此地。阿方索王世在非洲、巴尔干半岛和东地中海采取积极的外交和军事行动，以保护东方贸易和抵御土耳其人。在突击热那亚（Genoa）期间猝世。\n\n请问阿方索五世是哪个国家的国王，他在位多久？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。阿方索五世（Alfonso V）是亚拉冈（Aragon）国王，担任亚拉冈国王的时间是在1416年至1458年，他还是那不勒斯国王，对应的那不勒斯国王名字是阿方索一世，在位时间为1442年至1458年。阿方索五世在亚拉冈国王的位上共在位42年，而在那不勒斯国王的位上在位16年。", + "output": "阿方索五世（Alfonso V）是亚拉冈（Aragon）国王，担任亚拉冈国王的时间是在1416年至1458年，他还是那不勒斯国王，对应的那不勒斯国王名字是阿方索一世，在位时间为1442年至1458年。阿方索五世在亚拉冈国王的位上共在位42年，而在那不勒斯国王的位上在位16年。", "history": [] }, { @@ -194861,7 +194861,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哈泽泰1886～1964年Hazeltine, (Louis) Alan美国电机工程师和物理学家。1920年代初期，他发明中和式接收电路，从而使无线电商业化成为可能，这种线路把当时干扰无线电收音机的噪音中和掉。1927年采用这种新装置的无线电收音机在1,000万台以上。以后几年哈泽泰任政府顾问，第二次世界大战期间任美国国防研究委员会委员。\n\n你好，请问哈泽泰是什么时候发明了中和式接收电路的？", - "你好，Human！哈泽泰是在20世纪20年代初期发明了中和式接收电路。这种电路对当时无线电收音机产生了重要影响，它能够消除噪音，带来更好的接收效果。再次成为改进无线电技术的重要节点。" + "哈泽泰是在20世纪20年代初期发明了中和式接收电路。这种电路对当时无线电收音机产生了重要影响，它能够消除噪音，带来更好的接收效果。再次成为改进无线电技术的重要节点。" ], [ "请告诉我，中和式接收电路的工作原理是什么？", @@ -195016,7 +195016,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴耶塞特二世1448?～1512年Bayezid II鄂图曼帝国苏丹，穆罕默德二世之子。1481年即位后，一反父王的政策，把穆斯林献给宗教和慈善事业的财产一概归还原主，并反对以前的亲欧倾向，但继续进行父王所开始的开疆保土事业。在他的主政下，鄂图曼帝国直接控制了赫塞哥维那，并加强对克里米亚和安纳托利亚的控制。他东征萨非王朝，南讨马木路克政权，并往西征服威尼斯。在国内，他建设清真寺、经学院、医院和桥梁，并赞助法学家、学者和诗人。去世前一个月，他让位给最钟爱的儿子谢里姆。\n\n我想询问关于巴耶塞特二世的一些信息，根据刚刚的简介他是穆罕默德二世的儿子，那么他在即位后有做过哪些政策调整吗？", - "你好，Human！根据所提供的信息，巴耶塞特二世即位后做出了一些重要的政策调整。首先，他把穆斯林献给宗教和慈善事业的财产都归还给了原主。其次，他反对了之前的亲欧倾向。这两项政策都明显反映了他与父亲穆罕默德二世的政策理念有所不同。然而，巴耶塞特二世还是继续进行开疆保土事业，积极拓展鄂图曼帝国的领土。" + "根据所提供的信息，巴耶塞特二世即位后做出了一些重要的政策调整。首先，他把穆斯林献给宗教和慈善事业的财产都归还给了原主。其次，他反对了之前的亲欧倾向。这两项政策都明显反映了他与父亲穆罕默德二世的政策理念有所不同。然而，巴耶塞特二世还是继续进行开疆保土事业，积极拓展鄂图曼帝国的领土。" ], [ "那么在拓展领土方面，他取得了哪些成果？", @@ -195073,11 +195073,11 @@ { "instruction": "非常感谢你的解答。我现在对卡尔弗特有了更全面的了解。", "input": "", - "output": "非常荣幸能够帮助你，Human。如果你还有关于卡尔弗特或其他方面的问题，欢迎随时向我提问。我会竭诚为你解答。", + "output": "非常荣幸能够帮助你。如果你还有关于卡尔弗特或其他方面的问题，欢迎随时向我提问。我会竭诚为你解答。", "history": [ [ "卡尔弗特1606?～1647年Calvert, Leonard美国马里兰殖民地第一任总督。他是马里兰殖民地所有人乔治卡尔弗特的弟弟。1633年率领一批移民从英格兰出发，次年春到达马里兰，在圣玛丽建立一个居民点。1638年夺取克莱本建立的肯特岛商站。1644年克莱本挑起殖民地的新教徒闹事，迫使他逃往维吉尼亚。两年后他又卷土重来，恢复在马里兰的统治地位。\n\n请问卡尔弗特1606?～1647年这段时间他的主要成就是什么？", - "你好，Human。在这段时间里，卡尔弗特（Leonard Calvert）的主要成就是作为美国马里兰殖民地的第一任总督。他代表他的哥哥和殖民地所有人乔治卡尔弗特，率领移民们在马里兰建立起第一个居民点圣玛丽。在他的领导下，成功夺取了克莱本建立的肯特岛商站。后来遭遇了克莱本发起的新教徒闹事，但他最终重新夺回了马里兰的统治地位。" + "在这段时间里，卡尔弗特（Leonard Calvert）的主要成就是作为美国马里兰殖民地的第一任总督。他代表他的哥哥和殖民地所有人乔治卡尔弗特，率领移民们在马里兰建立起第一个居民点圣玛丽。在他的领导下，成功夺取了克莱本建立的肯特岛商站。后来遭遇了克莱本发起的新教徒闹事，但他最终重新夺回了马里兰的统治地位。" ], [ "哦，我明白了。那么，他是怎么率领移民从英格兰到达马里兰的呢？", @@ -195184,7 +195184,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿里斯提得斯Aristides活动时期为西元2世纪雅典哲学家，基督教最早的护教士之一，所着《为基督教教义辩护》（Apology for the Christian Faith）是现存此类文献中最古老者。他论述了宇宙万物的和谐与神性，认为野蛮人、希腊人和犹太人在神的概念和宗教实践上都不适当。原本以为《为基督教教义辩护》已失佚许久，却在19世纪末重建。\n\n你好，你知道阿里斯提得斯是谁吗？", - "你好，Human。阿里斯提得斯（Aristides）是公元2世纪的雅典哲学家，他还是基督教最早的护教士之一。他的著作《为基督教教义辩护》（Apology for the Christian Faith）被认为是现存最古老的此类文献之一。在这部作品中，阿里斯提得斯论述了宇宙万物的和谐与神性，并批评了野蛮人、希腊人和犹太人在神的概念和宗教实践上的不适当。这部作品曾一度被认为已经失传，但在19世纪末得以重建。" + "阿里斯提得斯（Aristides）是公元2世纪的雅典哲学家，他还是基督教最早的护教士之一。他的著作《为基督教教义辩护》（Apology for the Christian Faith）被认为是现存最古老的此类文献之一。在这部作品中，阿里斯提得斯论述了宇宙万物的和谐与神性，并批评了野蛮人、希腊人和犹太人在神的概念和宗教实践上的不适当。这部作品曾一度被认为已经失传，但在19世纪末得以重建。" ], [ "阿里斯提得斯的文献在19世纪末是如何被重建的？", @@ -195298,7 +195298,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿坎人Akan住在迦纳南部、象牙海岸东部和多哥（Togo）部分地区的民族。讲阿坎诸语言，属尼日-刚果语系克瓦（Kwa）语支。14～18世纪在此区形成一些阿坎人城邦，特别是芳蒂人（Fante）联盟和阿善提帝国（Ashanti），他们生产黄金并交易。现代阿坎人多数在市区工作，人数约有五百万。\n\n请问阿坎人主要分布在哪些地区？", - "你好，Human。阿坎人主要分布在迦纳南部、象牙海岸东部和多哥部分地区。这些地区位于非洲西部，拥有丰富的黄金资源。希望这个答案对你有帮助。" + "阿坎人主要分布在迦纳南部、象牙海岸东部和多哥部分地区。这些地区位于非洲西部，拥有丰富的黄金资源。希望这个答案对你有帮助。" ], [ "谢谢回答，他们通用的语言是什么呢？", @@ -195732,7 +195732,7 @@ "history": [ [ "灰光灯limelight剧场照明的早期形式。1816年杜伦孟德发明了钙光灯，1837年首次用于剧场，到1860年代就被广泛采用。它那柔和、明亮的光线可以聚焦而用作导向灯，也能创造出像日光和月光那样的效果。「在灰光灯下」这个短语是指舞台上最需要表演的地方，舞台的前方和中央是灰光灯照明的区域。19世纪后期，电灯取代了灰光灯。\n\n请根据所给信息简单介绍一下灰光灯的历史发展。", - "你好，Human！灰光灯（limelight）是一种早期剧场照明形式。它的发明可以追溯到1816年由杜伦孟德发明的钙光灯。1837年，钙光灯首次被用于剧场。由于它柔和、明亮的光线可以聚焦和创造出类似日光和月光的效果，到了1860年代灰光灯得到了广泛的应用。灰光灯的主要照明区域位于舞台前方和中央，因此“在灰光灯下”的短语表示在舞台上表演的最佳位置。在19世纪后期，电灯取代了灰光灯。" + "灰光灯（limelight）是一种早期剧场照明形式。它的发明可以追溯到1816年由杜伦孟德发明的钙光灯。1837年，钙光灯首次被用于剧场。由于它柔和、明亮的光线可以聚焦和创造出类似日光和月光的效果，到了1860年代灰光灯得到了广泛的应用。灰光灯的主要照明区域位于舞台前方和中央，因此“在灰光灯下”的短语表示在舞台上表演的最佳位置。在19世纪后期，电灯取代了灰光灯。" ], [ "灰光灯是如何工作的呢？", @@ -195751,7 +195751,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克鲁森施特恩角国家保护区Cape Krusenstern National Monument在美国阿拉斯加州西北部的国家保护区，临楚科奇海。全境分布在114条海滨山脊上。西元1978年建立。1980年时面积扩大成2,670平方公里。当地考古遗址反映了从四千年前北极人到现代爱斯基摩人的北极人文化发展状况。\n\n请问克鲁森施特恩角国家保护区在哪里？", - "你好，Human。克鲁森施特恩角国家保护区（Cape Krusenstern National Monument）位于美国阿拉斯加州的西北部，临近楚科奇海。这个地理位置使得保护区拥有独特的自然和人文景观。" + "克鲁森施特恩角国家保护区（Cape Krusenstern National Monument）位于美国阿拉斯加州的西北部，临近楚科奇海。这个地理位置使得保护区拥有独特的自然和人文景观。" ], [ "请告诉我克鲁森施特恩角国家保护区的特点。", @@ -196192,7 +196192,7 @@ "history": [ [ "合赞1271～1304年Ghazan, Mahmud伊儿汗国最着名的统治者（1295～1304年在位，伊儿汗国是1256～1353年统治伊朗的蒙古王朝）。1284年其父即汗位，任命他为波斯西北部诸省总督，他成功的制止察合台汗国进犯边界。1295年在即位前皈依伊斯兰教。他在叙利亚击败了宿敌马木路克，当他班师回波斯，马木路克又再次占领叙利亚，虽然欲发动第四次叙利亚战役由于他病逝而未能进行。他通晓多种语言，又熟练手工艺；他派人编写蒙古史，后来把与蒙古有联系的国家亦编进去。\n\n你好，请问合赞是在什么时候统治伊儿汗国的？", - "你好，Human！合赞统治伊儿汗国的时间是在1271至1304年之间。具体来说，他在1295年开始在位，一直持续到1304年。在他的统治期间，伊儿汗国成为了统治伊朗的蒙古王朝，历时从1256年到1353年。" + "合赞统治伊儿汗国的时间是在1271至1304年之间。具体来说，他在1295年开始在位，一直持续到1304年。在他的统治期间，伊儿汗国成为了统治伊朗的蒙古王朝，历时从1256年到1353年。" ], [ "在合赞继位之前，他曾是哪个地区的总督？他取得了哪些成就？", @@ -196383,7 +196383,7 @@ "history": [ [ "利奥波德二世1835～1909年Leopold II法语原名为Léopold-Louis-Philippe-Marie-Victor比利时国王（1865～1909）。继承其父利奥波德一世之位，利奥波德二世开创了欧洲人中第一个前往开发刚果盆地的成就。1876年创立国际刚果协会，派史坦利爵士前去刚果地区进行调查。1885年成立刚果自由邦，并以比利时为其主权国家列入统治。在利奥波德统治下，刚果成为见证殖民者野蛮残酷统治的地方，约1905年该地的情形被揭露后，随即成为国际上的丑闻。在英美两国的压力下，刚果脱离利奥波德二世的个人统治，于1908年纳入比利时管辖，称比属刚果。其王位由侄子阿尔贝特一世继承。\n\n你好，请问利奥波德二世是谁？", - "你好，Human。利奥波德二世（Léopold-Louis-Philippe-Marie-Victor）是比利时的一位国王，他的统治时间为1865至1909年。他在位期间，成功开辟了欧洲人对刚果盆地的开发，并领导着发展相关殖民活动。在他的统治下，刚果成为了一个见证殖民者野蛮残酷统治的地方。" + "利奥波德二世（Léopold-Louis-Philippe-Marie-Victor）是比利时的一位国王，他的统治时间为1865至1909年。他在位期间，成功开辟了欧洲人对刚果盆地的开发，并领导着发展相关殖民活动。在他的统治下，刚果成为了一个见证殖民者野蛮残酷统治的地方。" ], [ "讲讲他在刚果创立的国际刚果协会和刚果自由邦吧？", @@ -196620,7 +196620,7 @@ "history": [ [ "佩纽蒂诸语言Penutian languages北美印第安诸语言的假设性的超语族，由美国西部和加拿大的许多语言和语系组成。佩纽蒂假说1913年由克罗伯提出，1921年由萨丕尔改进。和霍卡假说（参阅Hokan languages）一样，佩纽蒂假说试图在世界语言分歧最大的地区之一减少不相关的语系的数量。其核心为加利福尼亚中部海岸和中央谷地的一组语言，包括霍隆语系（科斯塔诺语系〔Costanoan〕）、米沃克语系（Miwok）、温顿语系（Wintun）、迈杜语系（Maidu）和约库茨语系（Yokutsan）。萨丕尔加进了奥瑞冈佩纽蒂语系（曾在奥瑞冈东部通行的语言）、齐努克语系（Chinook，哥伦比亚河下游语言）、高原佩纽蒂语系（高原地区印第安人语言）、钦西安语系（Tsimshian，英哥伦比亚西部语言）以及墨西哥佩纽蒂语系（在墨西哥南部通行）。除墨西哥组外，所有的语言或已消亡或是只有老年人说。虽然这一假说未被证实，但是这组语言中至少有几种语言相互关联。\n\n请问佩纽蒂诸语言是什么？", - "你好，Human！佩纽蒂诸语言是一种关于北美印第安诸语言的假设性超语族，包括了美国西部和加拿大的许多语言和语系。这个假说旨在减少世界语言分歧最大地区之一的不相关的语系数量。1913年，克罗伯首次提出了这一假说，后来在1921年，萨丕尔对其进行了改进。" + "佩纽蒂诸语言是一种关于北美印第安诸语言的假设性超语族，包括了美国西部和加拿大的许多语言和语系。这个假说旨在减少世界语言分歧最大地区之一的不相关的语系数量。1913年，克罗伯首次提出了这一假说，后来在1921年，萨丕尔对其进行了改进。" ], [ "佩纽蒂诸语言的核心组成是什么？", @@ -197072,11 +197072,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的解答。我明白了。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human。很高兴能为你提供帮助。如果你还有其他问题或需要关于输精管切除术的信息，请随时向我咨询。祝你健康！", + "output": "不客气。很高兴能为你提供帮助。如果你还有其他问题或需要关于输精管切除术的信息，请随时向我咨询。祝你健康！", "history": [ [ "输精管切除术vasectomy为绝育或防止感染切断输精管的一种手术。是在诊查室即可施行的较简单的手术。先在阴囊皮肤外固定输精管，再将阴囊局部麻醉，于囊上作一小切口暴露精索，在两个部位钳住输精管，将它在两钳之间切断，然后用电烙烧灼两游离端使之封闭，撤钳，缝合一针以关闭小切口。输精管切断后，睾丸仍能产生男性激素。应用显微手术技术可增加其成功率。\n\n你好，请告诉我输精管切除术是什么？", - "你好，Human。输精管切除术，又称为“vasectomy”，是一种用于男性的绝育手术。通过切断输精管，阻止精子进入尿道，从而达到避孕的目的。这是一种相对简单的手术，可以在诊查室内进行。需要注意的是，术后睾丸仍能产生男性激素，男性的性功能不会受到影响。" + "输精管切除术，又称为“vasectomy”，是一种用于男性的绝育手术。通过切断输精管，阻止精子进入尿道，从而达到避孕的目的。这是一种相对简单的手术，可以在诊查室内进行。需要注意的是，术后睾丸仍能产生男性激素，男性的性功能不会受到影响。" ], [ "请你详细说说输精管切除术的手术步骤和过程。", @@ -197099,7 +197099,7 @@ "history": [ [ "南布迪里Nambudiri印度喀拉拉邦居统治地位的种姓。其成员有极端正统思想，自认为是古吠陀宗教和传统印度教义的真正信徒。南布迪里和印度南部其他婆罗门不同，特别强调其僧侣地位，通常不从事营利性的职业。他们的财富来自土地所有权，是喀拉拉邦的主要土地拥有者。\n\n请问南布迪里（Nambudiri）是什么？", - "你好，Human。南布迪里（Nambudiri）是印度喀拉拉邦居统治地位的一个种姓。南布迪里的成员具有极端正统的思想，他们自称是古吠陀宗教和传统印度教义的真正信徒。他们同印度南部其他婆罗门不同，特别强调其僧侣地位，通常不从事营利性职业。他们的财富主要来自于土地所有权，是喀拉拉邦的主要土地拥有者。" + "南布迪里（Nambudiri）是印度喀拉拉邦居统治地位的一个种姓。南布迪里的成员具有极端正统的思想，他们自称是古吠陀宗教和传统印度教义的真正信徒。他们同印度南部其他婆罗门不同，特别强调其僧侣地位，通常不从事营利性职业。他们的财富主要来自于土地所有权，是喀拉拉邦的主要土地拥有者。" ], [ "南布迪里与南部其他婆罗门有什么不同？", @@ -197183,7 +197183,7 @@ "history": [ [ "幼发拉底河Euphrates River土耳其语作Firat Nehri阿拉伯语作Al-Furat西南亚最大河流。发源于土耳其。流向东南，穿过叙利亚和伊拉克南部。由卡拉河（Kara River）和穆拉特河（Murat River）在亚美尼亚高原汇合而成。幼发拉底河以极大的曲折迂回于托罗斯山脉（Taurus Mtn）高大的群山之间，流至叙利亚高原，水面降落至1,000尺（300公尺）。然后流向伊拉克西部和中部，与底格里斯河汇合而成阿拉伯河（Shatt al Arab），注入波斯湾。全长约2,235哩（3,596公里）。自古以来幼发拉底河广泛用于灌溉，沿岸有许多古代城市遗址。幼发拉底河与底格里斯河之间的地区，名为美索不达米亚。\n\n根据我所提供的信息，请问幼发拉底河是哪一个地区的重要河流？", - "你好，Human！幼发拉底河是西南亚最大的河流。它发源于土耳其，并流经叙利亚和伊拉克南部。由于其重要的地理位置，幼发拉底河在这个地区具有很高的地理和文化价值。" + "幼发拉底河是西南亚最大的河流。它发源于土耳其，并流经叙利亚和伊拉克南部。由于其重要的地理位置，幼发拉底河在这个地区具有很高的地理和文化价值。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！那么幼发拉底河是由哪两条河合并形成的？", @@ -197354,7 +197354,7 @@ "history": [ [ "贝卡里亚1738～1794年Beccaria, Cesare义大利犯罪学家和经济学家。1764年发表《论罪与罚》，成为国际知名人士。该书是有关规范犯罪刑罚原则的第一部系统性着作，他认为刑事审判的效力主要取决于刑罚的确定性，而不是其残酷性。该书对西欧各国的刑法改革影响很大。其后数年他在米兰的巴拉丁学院讲课，并任公务员，处理有关货币改革、劳工关系和公共教育等问题。\n\n你好，请问贝卡里亚是谁？", - "你好，Human！贝卡里亚（Cesare Beccaria，1738-1794）是一位义大利犯罪学家和经济学家。他在1764年发表了《论罪与罚》，这部作品是关于规范犯罪刑罚原则的第一部系统性著作。贝卡里亚认为，刑事审判的效力主要取决于刑罚的确定性而不是其残酷性。这部书对西欧各国刑法改革产生了重要影响。在《论罪与罚》之后的数年中，贝卡里亚在米兰的巴拉丁学院讲课，并担任公务员，处理关于货币改革、劳工关系和公共教育等问题。" + "贝卡里亚（Cesare Beccaria，1738-1794）是一位义大利犯罪学家和经济学家。他在1764年发表了《论罪与罚》，这部作品是关于规范犯罪刑罚原则的第一部系统性著作。贝卡里亚认为，刑事审判的效力主要取决于刑罚的确定性而不是其残酷性。这部书对西欧各国刑法改革产生了重要影响。在《论罪与罚》之后的数年中，贝卡里亚在米兰的巴拉丁学院讲课，并担任公务员，处理关于货币改革、劳工关系和公共教育等问题。" ], [ "哈，不错。那么贝卡里亚的《论罪与罚》具体有哪些内容呢？", @@ -197369,7 +197369,7 @@ "history": [ [ "社区学院community college亦称初级学院（junior college）提供大学本科头两年级的学术教育和职业技术训练，为毕业生就业作准备的教育机构。全美国大约有一千余所这样的机构，而加拿大约有一百多所。社区学院的根源可上溯至美国南北战争后实行的学托扩运动和其他成人教育计画。第一所公立初级学院于1901年建于伊利诺州的久利特。此类学院多系公立，还开设各种具有非传统形式和内容的灵活多样的课程。它们较早地为本社区成员提供服务项目。非全日制学习，采用夜校、电视教学、周末讨论会等教学形式。社区学院学生很少住校，毕业生一般可获得副学士学位。他们可转入四年制大学就读或进入职场工作。参阅continuing education。\n\n你好，请问社区学院是什么样的教育机构？", - "你好，Human。社区学院，也叫初级学院，主要提供大学本科前两年的学术教育和职业技术培训。这些学院帮助学生为就业做好准备。在美国有大约一千多所社区学院，加拿大则有一百多所。这种教育机构的历史可以追溯到美国南北战争后的学托扩运动和其他成人教育计划。第一所公立初级学院成立于1901年，位于伊利诺州的久利特。" + "社区学院，也叫初级学院，主要提供大学本科前两年的学术教育和职业技术培训。这些学院帮助学生为就业做好准备。在美国有大约一千多所社区学院，加拿大则有一百多所。这种教育机构的历史可以追溯到美国南北战争后的学托扩运动和其他成人教育计划。第一所公立初级学院成立于1901年，位于伊利诺州的久利特。" ], [ "社区学院提供哪些特点的课程？", @@ -197388,7 +197388,7 @@ "history": [ [ "进行曲march节拍上有强烈重音的偶数节拍的乐曲形式，用以方便行军。欧洲进行曲的发展由14～16世纪鄂图曼的入侵促成。至16世纪末，进行曲没有记谱；在那之前，只由打击乐器来数节拍，且伴随着横笛的合音。铜管乐器的全面发展，特别是在19世纪，使进行曲广为传播，并精心谱写成管弦乐曲。如莫札特，贝多芬，小史特劳斯和马勒等作曲家都写过进行曲。他们通常将进行曲融入其歌剧，奏鸣曲或交响乐中。后来深受欢迎的苏沙（J P Sousa）乐队的进行曲是无可比拟。\n\n你好，请问进行曲是如何发展起来的，特别是在欧洲？", - "你好，Human。根据你所提供的信息，进行曲的发展源于14至16世纪鄂图曼的入侵，这促使了欧洲进行曲的诞生。最初，进行曲没有记谱，只有打击乐器用于数节拍，并伴随着横笛的合音。19世纪的铜管乐器的全面发展使进行曲得以广泛传播，并被精心谱写成管弦乐曲。著名作曲家如莫扎特、贝多芬、小约翰·施特劳斯、马勒等都曾创作进行曲，并常常将其融入他们的歌剧、奏鸣曲和交响乐中。" + "根据你所提供的信息，进行曲的发展源于14至16世纪鄂图曼的入侵，这促使了欧洲进行曲的诞生。最初，进行曲没有记谱，只有打击乐器用于数节拍，并伴随着横笛的合音。19世纪的铜管乐器的全面发展使进行曲得以广泛传播，并被精心谱写成管弦乐曲。著名作曲家如莫扎特、贝多芬、小约翰·施特劳斯、马勒等都曾创作进行曲，并常常将其融入他们的歌剧、奏鸣曲和交响乐中。" ], [ "谢谢你详细的解答，那些重要的作曲家都为进行曲的发展做出了什么样的贡献？", @@ -197426,7 +197426,7 @@ "history": [ [ "狮lion身体强壮的大型猫科动物，学名Panthera leo，俗称「万兽之王」。现在主要分布于撒哈拉以南的非洲一些地区，不过在印度约有两百多头亚洲种狮子受到严密的保护。狮最喜栖于多草的平原和开阔的稀树草原。雄狮身长约18～21公尺，不包括1公尺的尾长；肩高约为12公尺；体重170～230公斤。雌狮体型较小。雄狮的体毛通常为浅黄或橙棕色，而雌狮为茶色和沙黄色。雄狮的显着特征是鬃毛。狮是群居动物，这点在猫科动物中甚为独特，通常约十五头一群。雌狮是主要的猎手。它们猎食的动物体型各异，包括河马，但它们最喜捕猎的动物是牛羚、羚羊、斑马等。通常它们在大嚼一顿后，可休息一个星期。\n\n请问狮子是哪个动物科的？", - "你好，Human。狮子属于猫科动物。学名为Panthera leo，又被俗称为「万兽之王」。狮子是一种大型的肉食性哺乳动物，它们的身体强壮，具有很高的狩猎能力。" + "狮子属于猫科动物。学名为Panthera leo，又被俗称为「万兽之王」。狮子是一种大型的肉食性哺乳动物，它们的身体强壮，具有很高的狩猎能力。" ], [ "狮子的分布范围是怎样的？", @@ -197655,11 +197655,11 @@ { "instruction": "我会去查阅更多资料的。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human。如果你还有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时与我联系。祝你一切顺利！", + "output": "不客气。如果你还有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时与我联系。祝你一切顺利！", "history": [ [ "利塔尼河Litani River黎巴嫩南部的河流。发源于巴勒贝克以西，在黎巴嫩山脉及前黎巴嫩山脉之间流向西南，注入西顿南面的地中海。它的下游地区通称加西米亚。虽然只有145公里长，这条河流灌溉的却是黎巴嫩最广阔的贝卡谷农业地区。\n\n根据这段关于利塔尼河的信息，我想请教你一些问题。", - "你好，Human！请随时提出你的问题，我会根据提供的信息来帮助你解答。" + "请随时提出你的问题，我会根据提供的信息来帮助你解答。" ], [ "首先，请问利塔尼河的发源地在哪里？", @@ -198048,7 +198048,7 @@ "history": [ [ "廷布Thimphu不丹首都。位于喜马拉雅山脉，坐落于拉伊达克河河岸。1962年被定为政府所在地。喇嘛庙札什曲宗堡垒是不丹一座传统的寺庙和传统建筑典范，现已成为皇家政府公署。当地经济主要依靠农业和伐木业。人口约30,000（1993）。\n\n你好，请问不丹首都廷布Thimphu的地理位置是什么？", - "你好，Human！不丹首都廷布Thimphu位于喜马拉雅山脉，坐落于拉伊达克河河岸。由于廷布位于喜马拉雅山中，它的地理位置能够保证其相对偏远与独特的自然景观。" + "不丹首都廷布Thimphu位于喜马拉雅山脉，坐落于拉伊达克河河岸。由于廷布位于喜马拉雅山中，它的地理位置能够保证其相对偏远与独特的自然景观。" ], [ "那么1962年廷布被定为政府所在地有什么原因吗？", @@ -198090,7 +198090,7 @@ "history": [ [ "屋顶窗dormer亦称老虎窗。从坡屋顶上伸出的竖直窗，常用作卧室采光，可以与墙在同一平面，也可以从屋顶中部伸出。哥德式晚期及文艺复兴初期，从墙面上升起的石砌屋顶窗较为复杂，并有丰富装饰。屋顶窗常与复斜屋顶一起使用以应付巴黎的建筑物只能有六层楼高的限制规定；第七层称为阁楼。亦请参阅gable。\n\n我想了解一下屋顶窗dormer，它也叫老虎窗吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，屋顶窗dormer又称为老虎窗，它是一种从坡屋顶上伸出的竖直窗。这种窗户通常用于卧室，可以增加采光。它们可以与墙在同一平面，也可以从屋顶中部伸出。" + "是的，屋顶窗dormer又称为老虎窗，它是一种从坡屋顶上伸出的竖直窗。这种窗户通常用于卧室，可以增加采光。它们可以与墙在同一平面，也可以从屋顶中部伸出。" ], [ "请问老虎窗在哪个建筑风格中比较常见？", @@ -199425,7 +199425,7 @@ "history": [ [ "明尼苏达河Minnesota River明尼苏达州南部的河流，发源于南达科他州和明尼苏达州的边境。向东南流，而后折向东北，在圣保罗南部汇入密西西比河，全长约534公里。旧名圣彼得河或圣皮耳河，它对早期的探险者和毛皮商人意义重大。\n\n请问明尼苏达河是在哪个州的？", - "你好，Human。明尼苏达河位于美国的明尼苏达州南部。这条河流发源于南达科他州和明尼苏达州的边境。是明尼苏达州的一条重要河流。" + "明尼苏达河位于美国的明尼苏达州南部。这条河流发源于南达科他州和明尼苏达州的边境。是明尼苏达州的一条重要河流。" ], [ "明尼苏达河的全长有多少？", @@ -199467,7 +199467,7 @@ "history": [ [ "安格尔1780～1867年Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique法国画家。来到巴黎后曾随大卫（J-L David）习画，后进入美术学院，并获得一等罗马奖。他的首批公共作品之一，肖像画《戴皇冠的拿破仑》（1806）被批评为生硬且仿古，但这是他有意创造出来的风格之一。在义大利期间（1806～1824）他因肖像画和历史画出名，他的小型肖像素描线条坚实明确。回到巴黎后，他以《路易十三世的宣誓》（1824）一画，终于受到评论界的赞美，并获得美术院的认可。1825年接替大卫成为法国新古典主义绘画的领导人，并成立画室，教授学生。该画室后来成为巴黎最大的画室，1840年代中期他是法国最重要的上流社会的肖像画家。他的晚期着名作品有女裸体画。他的众多学生中无人学到他的特质，但窦加（Edgar Degas）、雷诺瓦（Pierre-Auguste Renoir）、毕卡索等人的绘画发展似乎都有受到他的影响。\n\n你好，请问安格尔（Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres）是谁？", - "你好，Human。安格尔（1780-1867）是一位法国新古典主义的画家。他年轻时来到巴黎，曾师从著名画家大卫（J-L David）并进入美术学院学习绘画。随后他获得一等罗马奖。在他的职业生涯中，他因肖像画和历史画而受到了很高的评价。 经过一段在义大利工作的时间，他搬回巴黎并继续在本国的美术领域发光发热。他的画室成为了巴黎最大的画室，而他本人也成为上流社会最受欢迎的肖像画家。许多后来的杰出艺术家，如窦加（Edgar Degas）、雷诺瓦（Pierre-Auguste Renoir）和毕卡索等人，都受到过他的影响。" + "安格尔（1780-1867）是一位法国新古典主义的画家。他年轻时来到巴黎，曾师从著名画家大卫（J-L David）并进入美术学院学习绘画。随后他获得一等罗马奖。在他的职业生涯中，他因肖像画和历史画而受到了很高的评价。 经过一段在义大利工作的时间，他搬回巴黎并继续在本国的美术领域发光发热。他的画室成为了巴黎最大的画室，而他本人也成为上流社会最受欢迎的肖像画家。许多后来的杰出艺术家，如窦加（Edgar Degas）、雷诺瓦（Pierre-Auguste Renoir）和毕卡索等人，都受到过他的影响。" ], [ "他在义大利期间（1806-1824）主要创作了哪些作品？", @@ -199509,7 +199509,7 @@ "history": [ [ "华莱士1875～1932年Wallace, (Richard Horatio) Edgar英国小说家、剧作家和记者，打过各种零工，十八岁从军。在发表第一部成功之作《四个正直的人》（1905）前，曾是一名记者。作品包括《河中紫檀》（1911）、《血红的圆圈》（1922）、《警察追捕》（1928）和《恐怖》（1930）等。华莱士实际上发明了现代「惊险小说」，这种体裁的作品情节错综复杂，但轮廓清晰，并以紧张的高潮而着称。他洋洋洒洒，下笔千言，传为逸事（有一百七十五部小说）。\n\n你好，我想了解一下华莱士这位作家，能给我简单介绍一下他的背景吗？", - "你好，Human！华莱士（Richard Horatio Edgar Wallace）是一位英国小说家、剧作家和记者，他生活在1875年至1932年之间。在成为作家之前，华莱士曾从事过各种零工，十八岁时还曾加入军队。在发表第一部成功之作《四个正直的人》（1905年）之前，他曾是一名记者。总的来说，华莱士有着丰富的生活经历，在文学创作中有着很高的成就。" + "华莱士（Richard Horatio Edgar Wallace）是一位英国小说家、剧作家和记者，他生活在1875年至1932年之间。在成为作家之前，华莱士曾从事过各种零工，十八岁时还曾加入军队。在发表第一部成功之作《四个正直的人》（1905年）之前，他曾是一名记者。总的来说，华莱士有着丰富的生活经历，在文学创作中有着很高的成就。" ], [ "华莱士的代表作有哪些？他特别擅长哪种类型的作品？", @@ -199555,7 +199555,7 @@ "history": [ [ "镁铁质岩mafic rock以硅酸盐矿物辉石、角闪石、橄榄石和云母为主要成分的火成岩。这些矿物中的氧化镁和氧化铁的含量高，使镁铁质岩多呈暗色。在颜色上它往往与呈浅色的长英质岩石形成对比。常见的镁铁质岩包括玄武岩和辉长岩。\n\n你好。请问镁铁质岩是什么？", - "你好，Human。镁铁质岩（mafic rock）是一种以硅酸盐矿物辉石、角闪石、橄榄石和云母为主要成分的火成岩。这些矿物含有较高的氧化镁和氧化铁，使得镁铁质岩通常呈暗色。它们与浅色的长英质岩石在颜色上形成鲜明对比。常见的镁铁质岩有玄武岩和辉长岩。" + "镁铁质岩（mafic rock）是一种以硅酸盐矿物辉石、角闪石、橄榄石和云母为主要成分的火成岩。这些矿物含有较高的氧化镁和氧化铁，使得镁铁质岩通常呈暗色。它们与浅色的长英质岩石在颜色上形成鲜明对比。常见的镁铁质岩有玄武岩和辉长岩。" ], [ "那么，镁铁质岩和长英质岩有什么区别呢？", @@ -199593,7 +199593,7 @@ "history": [ [ "汉普顿锚地Hampton Roads詹姆斯河、伊莉莎白河、楠西蒙德河等流入乞沙比克湾的水道。宽约6公里，深12公尺，从殖民时期起便是重要的军事基地。1862年这里发生莫尼特号和梅里马克号之战。港市新港纽斯、诺福克和朴次茅斯组成汉普顿锚地，为美国最繁忙的港口之一。\n\n你好，我在阅读一段关于汉普顿锚地的内容，这个地方是个水道，位于乞沙比克湾，有好些河流汇入，包括詹姆斯河、伊莉莎白河和楠西蒙德河。那么世界上还有其他类似于这个水道的地方吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，世界上有很多类似的水道或港口地区。例如位于英国的南安普顿水道（Southampton Water），这是英国最大的天然港口之一，汉普夏郡的多个河流在此汇入英格兰海峡。类似的还有荷兰的鹿特丹港，是欧洲最大的港口、世界第三大港口之一，范集到了马斯河多条支流的水域。这些港口地区在地理位置、水域覆盖面和交通方面与汉普顿锚地有相似之处。" + "是的，世界上有很多类似的水道或港口地区。例如位于英国的南安普顿水道（Southampton Water），这是英国最大的天然港口之一，汉普夏郡的多个河流在此汇入英格兰海峡。类似的还有荷兰的鹿特丹港，是欧洲最大的港口、世界第三大港口之一，范集到了马斯河多条支流的水域。这些港口地区在地理位置、水域覆盖面和交通方面与汉普顿锚地有相似之处。" ], [ "哦，明白了。1862年汉普顿锚地发生了莫尼特号和梅里马克号之战，能详细地讲讲这场战役的背景以及影响吗？", @@ -200076,7 +200076,7 @@ "history": [ [ "镶嵌细工marquetry把薄的木板、金属板以及诸如贝壳、珍珠母等有机材料制成复杂图样，贴在家具表面上的装饰技术。这一技术在16世纪末叶开始在法国流行，在此后两个世纪随着欧洲经济的发展和对华丽家具的需求增长而在欧洲盛行。亦请参阅Boulle, Andre-Charles。\n\n请问镶嵌细工marquetry是什么呢？", - "你好，Human！镶嵌细工marquetry是一种装饰技术，它是通过将薄的木板、金属板以及其他有机材料（如贝壳、珍珠母等）制成复杂图样，然后贴在家具表面上进行装饰的。这一技术始于16世纪末叶的法国，随后在欧洲逐渐流行，并在接下来的两个世纪随着欧洲经济的发展和对华丽家具的需求增长而在欧洲广泛盛行。" + "镶嵌细工marquetry是一种装饰技术，它是通过将薄的木板、金属板以及其他有机材料（如贝壳、珍珠母等）制成复杂图样，然后贴在家具表面上进行装饰的。这一技术始于16世纪末叶的法国，随后在欧洲逐渐流行，并在接下来的两个世纪随着欧洲经济的发展和对华丽家具的需求增长而在欧洲广泛盛行。" ], [ "那和Boulle, Andre-Charles有什么关系呢？", @@ -200114,7 +200114,7 @@ "history": [ [ "场field物理中各点受力影响的区域。物体落地是因为它们受到地球引力场的影响（参阅gravitation）。把一张纸条置于磁铁围绕的磁场中，会被拉向磁铁，而二个类似的磁极在其中一个置于另一个的磁场时，会互相排斥。磁场围绕电荷；当另一个带电粒子被置于该区时，它会经受一种吸引或排斥的电力。场的强度也就是粒子区的力量，可用场线来代表；线条越密，场中那一部分的力量越强。亦请参阅electromagnetic field。\n\n关于场这个概念，能给我解释一下吗？", - "你好，Human！场是指在物理学中一个物体对周围空间产生的一种影响，使得该空间的各点受到力的作用。场可以分为不同类型，如地球引力场、磁场和电场等。根据场的不同性质，场会对物体产生不同的作用力。" + "场是指在物理学中一个物体对周围空间产生的一种影响，使得该空间的各点受到力的作用。场可以分为不同类型，如地球引力场、磁场和电场等。根据场的不同性质，场会对物体产生不同的作用力。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释。那么，物体落地是为什么呢？", @@ -200319,7 +200319,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奥伯林学院Oberlin College俄亥俄州奥伯林的一所私立男女合校高等学府。建于1833年，是美国第一所允许妇女入学，以及在与白人同等条件下录取黑人学生。早期曾为地下铁道的一站。现代科系有：科学、传播、艺术、外语、法律、文学、数学、心理学公共服务研究和社会科学。学生人数约3,000人。\n\n请问奥伯林学院是哪一年建立的？", - "你好，Human。奥伯林学院是在1833年建立的。这是一所位于俄亥俄州奥伯林的私立男女合校高等学府。" + "奥伯林学院是在1833年建立的。这是一所位于俄亥俄州奥伯林的私立男女合校高等学府。" ], [ "奥伯林学院在美国历史上有哪些独特之处？", @@ -200342,7 +200342,7 @@ "history": [ [ "莱茵联邦1806～1813年Confederation of the Rhine除奥地利和普鲁士外，所有德意志各邦在拿破仑主持下的联盟。拿破仑对联邦的主要兴趣在于把它作为与奥地利和普鲁士抗衡的力量，因为联邦使法国统一并在这个地区占了优势。拿破仑下台后，联邦被废除，但联邦对德国的统一运动作出了贡献。\n\n你好，请问莱茵联邦是什么？", - "你好，Human。莱茵联邦（Confederation of the Rhine）成立于1806年，结束于1813年。它是在拿破仑主持下，除奥地利和普鲁士以外的德意志诸邦组成的一个联盟。拿破仑的主要兴趣在于利用莱茵联邦作为与奥地利和普鲁士抗衡的力量，因为联邦使法国在德意志地区取得了统一地位和优势。拿破仑下台后，莱茵联邦被废除，但它对德国统一运动产生了积极影响。" + "莱茵联邦（Confederation of the Rhine）成立于1806年，结束于1813年。它是在拿破仑主持下，除奥地利和普鲁士以外的德意志诸邦组成的一个联盟。拿破仑的主要兴趣在于利用莱茵联邦作为与奥地利和普鲁士抗衡的力量，因为联邦使法国在德意志地区取得了统一地位和优势。拿破仑下台后，莱茵联邦被废除，但它对德国统一运动产生了积极影响。" ], [ "莱茵联邦在拿破仑时期有哪些作用？", @@ -200956,7 +200956,7 @@ "history": [ [ "catfish或称鲶、猫鱼。形目鱼类的统称。现存约三十科两千五百种。与鲤及米诺鱼近缘，大多生活于淡水，因其口周有长须并很像猫吻端的触毛，故俗称猫鱼。其上颚至少有须一对，吻部也可能有一对，颏部另有一对。许多的背鳍和胸鳍前部生有硬刺，与毒腺相连。几乎遍及世界各地，一般底栖，喜于夜间活动。多为食腐动物，几乎以任何动植物为食。大小差异很大，小至体长仅4～5公分，大的可长达45公尺，重达300公斤。一些体形较小的种是受欢迎的观赏鱼；而许多体形较大的则可供食用。\n\n我想了解一下猫鱼的有关信息。", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，猫鱼又称鲶或形目鱼类，现存数量约为30科和2500种。它们与鲤鱼和米诺鱼近缘，大部分生活在淡水环境中。猫鱼之所以被称为猫鱼，是因为它们的口周有长须，这些须很像猫的吻端触毛。它们的上颚至少有一对须，而吻部和颏部也可能各有一对。许多猫鱼的背鳍和胸鳍前部有硬刺，与毒腺相连。它们分布广泛，喜欢夜间活动。猫鱼主要是食腐动物，食物包括各种动植物。它们的体型差异很大：小的仅4-5公分，大的可达45米、重达300公斤。一些小型种类受欢迎作为观赏鱼，而许多大型种类可作为食用鱼。" + "根据提供的信息，猫鱼又称鲶或形目鱼类，现存数量约为30科和2500种。它们与鲤鱼和米诺鱼近缘，大部分生活在淡水环境中。猫鱼之所以被称为猫鱼，是因为它们的口周有长须，这些须很像猫的吻端触毛。它们的上颚至少有一对须，而吻部和颏部也可能各有一对。许多猫鱼的背鳍和胸鳍前部有硬刺，与毒腺相连。它们分布广泛，喜欢夜间活动。猫鱼主要是食腐动物，食物包括各种动植物。它们的体型差异很大：小的仅4-5公分，大的可达45米、重达300公斤。一些小型种类受欢迎作为观赏鱼，而许多大型种类可作为食用鱼。" ], [ "猫鱼的食物中有什么具体的东西呢？", @@ -200998,7 +200998,7 @@ "history": [ [ "塔科尼克岭Taconic Range美国东北部阿巴拉契亚山系的组成部分。延伸自佛蒙特州南部到纽约州北部，长240公里。最高点埃奎诺克斯山海拔1,163公尺，位于佛蒙特州西南。在麻塞诸塞州，该岭形成了波克夏山的西段。纽约州的塔科尼克州立公园是很受欢迎的山间游览区。\n\n我最近在研究美国东北部的地理，听说塔科尼克岭是个很有趣的地方，你能告诉我一些关于它的信息吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。塔科尼克岭（Taconic Range）位于美国东北部，是阿巴拉契亚山脉的一个组成部分。它自佛蒙特州南部延伸至纽约州北部，全长约240公里。塔科尼克岭最高点是埃奎诺克斯山，海拔1,163米，位于佛蒙特州西南。在麻塞诸塞州，该岭形成了波克夏山的西段。此外，纽约州的塔科尼克州立公园是一个受欢迎的山区游览胜地。" + "当然可以。塔科尼克岭（Taconic Range）位于美国东北部，是阿巴拉契亚山脉的一个组成部分。它自佛蒙特州南部延伸至纽约州北部，全长约240公里。塔科尼克岭最高点是埃奎诺克斯山，海拔1,163米，位于佛蒙特州西南。在麻塞诸塞州，该岭形成了波克夏山的西段。此外，纽约州的塔科尼克州立公园是一个受欢迎的山区游览胜地。" ], [ "埃奎诺克斯山有哪些值得参观的景点？", @@ -201067,7 +201067,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尼古西亚Nicosia亦称Lefkosía塞浦路斯的首都（1994年人口约186,000）。位于派迪亚斯河畔，南北两方以山为界。西元前7世纪时是个王国，自10世纪后成为该岛的首府。先后受拜占庭人、威尼斯人和土耳其人的统治；1878到1960年间由英国人统治。在20世纪里，城市的发展已超出了现存的威尼斯式圆形城墙范围。周边地区的人口主要从事农业。1974年起设立了联合国缓冲区，将该市的希腊区与土耳其区分开。\n\n你好，请问尼古西亚（Nicosia）是塞浦路斯的首都吗？", - "你好，Human！没错，尼古西亚（Nicosia）是塞浦路斯的首都。根据1994年的数据，尼古西亚的人口约为186,000人。这座城市位于派迪亚斯河畔，南北两方以山为界。" + "没错，尼古西亚（Nicosia）是塞浦路斯的首都。根据1994年的数据，尼古西亚的人口约为186,000人。这座城市位于派迪亚斯河畔，南北两方以山为界。" ], [ "能说说尼古西亚的历史背景吗？", @@ -201214,7 +201214,7 @@ "history": [ [ "帕韦泽1908～1950年Pavese, Cesare义大利诗人、评论家、小说家和翻译家。为伊诺第（Einaudi）出版社的创办人，并长期担任该社编辑。由于法西斯分子控制文学，扼杀创意，他只能翻译1930年代和1940年代的英美作家的作品来抒发。大部分的作品集中在第二次世界大战后期到他四十一岁自杀前，一些作品在他死后才出版。其中最着名的作品包括《与雷乌库的谈话》（1947），这是有关人类境况的诗意对话；小说《月亮和篝火》（1950），以及札记《生存之道》（1952）。1957年设立帕韦泽文学奖。\n\n你好，请问这段信息主要讲述了哪位著名的意大利作家？", - "你好，Human！这段信息主要讲述了意大利著名作家帕韦泽（Cesare Pavese）的生平和作品。帕韦泽生于1908年，逝世于1950年，是一位杰出的诗人、评论家、小说家和翻译家。他在意大利文学界占有重要地位，并且是伊诺第（Einaudi）出版社的创办人，长期担任该社编辑。" + "这段信息主要讲述了意大利著名作家帕韦泽（Cesare Pavese）的生平和作品。帕韦泽生于1908年，逝世于1950年，是一位杰出的诗人、评论家、小说家和翻译家。他在意大利文学界占有重要地位，并且是伊诺第（Einaudi）出版社的创办人，长期担任该社编辑。" ], [ "请问帕韦泽有哪些著名的作品？", @@ -201248,7 +201248,7 @@ { "instruction": "世界产业工人联盟Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)别名the Wobblies1905年美国在芝加哥组成的激进的劳工组织。这一组织反对美国劳工联合会的温和政策，其创办人包括西部矿工联合会的海伍德、社会劳工党的德莱昂及社会党的德布兹。1908年该联盟分裂，由海伍德领导的主张采取激进行动的占优势。为达成劳工取得生产工具的控制权的目的，而鼓吹发动总罢工、杯葛和怠工等行动。虽然采矿和伐木等工业因罢工取得辉煌的胜利，但世界产业工人联盟的战术导致有人遭到逮捕，也受到公众的反对。该联盟反对美国参加第一次世界大战，一些领导人甚至受到迫害。1920年代其成员数目大量缩减。\n\n请你详细介绍一下世界产业工人联盟的成立背景和主要创始人吧。", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！世界产业工人联盟（Industrial Workers of the World，简称IWW），又称the Wobblies，是一个成立于1905年的美国激进的劳工组织。它起源于芝加哥，是对美国劳工联合会温和政策的反对派。这个组织的创办人主要有三位：西部矿工联合会的海伍德（Haywood）、社会劳工党的德莱昂（DeLeon）和社会党的德布兹（Debs）。他们联手组织了这个反对温和政策的劳工组织，希望通过这样的方式改善劳工们的生活状况。", + "output": "世界产业工人联盟（Industrial Workers of the World，简称IWW），又称the Wobblies，是一个成立于1905年的美国激进的劳工组织。它起源于芝加哥，是对美国劳工联合会温和政策的反对派。这个组织的创办人主要有三位：西部矿工联合会的海伍德（Haywood）、社会劳工党的德莱昂（DeLeon）和社会党的德布兹（Debs）。他们联手组织了这个反对温和政策的劳工组织，希望通过这样的方式改善劳工们的生活状况。", "history": [] }, { @@ -201839,7 +201839,7 @@ "history": [ [ "柯布1886～1961年Cobb, Ty(rus Raymond)美国职业棒球球员，被认为是棒球史上最伟大的进攻球员和比赛中最强劲的对手。1905年柯布加入底特律老虎队，在该队担任二十二年的外野手，1921～1926年任该队经理。在美国联盟共二十四个球季，创下得分2,244和打点1,959的记录，直到1970年代才被超越。其892次盗垒的记录到1979年才被打破，生涯平均打击率367到1980年代仍无出其右者。曾十二度在美国联盟获打击王，其中1907～1915年蝉联九年。1911、1912和1922年三个球季的打击率超过四成，较差的二十三个球季也都在三成以上。在1936年首度被选入棒球名人堂的人当中柯布票数最高。\n\n请问柯布（Ty Cobb）是什么时候开始他的职业棒球生涯的？", - "你好，Human。柯布（Ty Cobb）于1905年开始了他的职业棒球生涯。他加入了底特律老虎队作为一名外野手，在这个位置上效力了22年，在1921-1926年期间担任队伍的经理。此外，他在美国联盟共完成了24个球季。" + "柯布（Ty Cobb）于1905年开始了他的职业棒球生涯。他加入了底特律老虎队作为一名外野手，在这个位置上效力了22年，在1921-1926年期间担任队伍的经理。此外，他在美国联盟共完成了24个球季。" ], [ "请详细告诉我柯布的部分记录和成就。", @@ -202545,7 +202545,7 @@ "history": [ [ "衣索比亚主义Ethiopianism殖民时代撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲人之间的宗教运动。始于1880年代，当时南非传教人员着手组织独立的纯粹非洲人教会，如滕布部族教会（Tembu tribal church）和非洲教会（Chruch of Africa）。1892年莫科内（Mangena Mokone）建立衣索比亚教会，首先使用这个名词。衣索比亚主义的主要起因之一在于不满欧洲殖民者的种族隔离，它是近代殖民时期非洲人民最初争取宗教和政治自由的一种斗争形式。非洲信徒也希望有更加非洲化、更加适应当地条件的教会。奈及利亚、喀麦隆、迦纳、肯亚都有类似的组织。1906年祖鲁战争和1915年尼亚萨兰暴动，衣索比亚宗教运动都有参与。到了1920年代，政治抱负不再与宗教关联，而与政党和工会结合在一起。\n\n你好，请问你能介绍一下衣索比亚主义是什么吗？", - "你好，Human！衣索比亚主义是一种始于19世纪80年代的宗教运动，主要发生在撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地区。它源于南非传教人员组织的独立的非洲人教会，如滕布部族教会和非洲教会。衣索比亚主义的出现主要因为人们对欧洲殖民者的种族隔离政策的不满，它在一定程度上代表了近代殖民时期非洲人民争取宗教和政治自由的斗争。在非洲各地，如奈及利亚、喀麦隆、迦纳和肯亚，都有类似的组织出现。" + "衣索比亚主义是一种始于19世纪80年代的宗教运动，主要发生在撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地区。它源于南非传教人员组织的独立的非洲人教会，如滕布部族教会和非洲教会。衣索比亚主义的出现主要因为人们对欧洲殖民者的种族隔离政策的不满，它在一定程度上代表了近代殖民时期非洲人民争取宗教和政治自由的斗争。在非洲各地，如奈及利亚、喀麦隆、迦纳和肯亚，都有类似的组织出现。" ], [ "这个运动起源于哪个国家？有谁发起的呢？", @@ -202839,7 +202839,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赫克谢尔1879～1952年Heckscher, Eli Filip瑞典的经济学家和经济史学家。1909年开始在斯德哥尔摩经济学院任教，后来参与创建斯德哥尔摩经济史研究所，并任所长。他的着作主要是经济史方面，作品有《大陆体系》（1922）《重商主义》（1931）。他提出限制纸币波动的「商品点」概念和对自由贸易表示支持，并主张生产要素不同会造成国家之间贸易商品优势的不同。此种假说为其弟子奥林（1899～1979）所采用，现称「赫克谢尔－奥林理论」。\n\n请问你能介绍一下赫克谢尔是谁吗？", - "你好，Human! 赫克谢尔（Eli Filip Heckscher，1879-1952）是一位瑞典经济学家和经济史学家。他于1909年开始在斯德哥尔摩经济学院任教，并后来参与创建斯德哥尔摩经济史研究所，担任所长。他的主要研究领域是经济史，著有《大陆体系》（1922）和《重商主义》（1931）。赫克谢尔提出了限制纸币波动的“商品点”概念，支持自由贸易，并主张生产要素的不同会导致国家之间贸易商品优势的不同。这一假说被其弟子贝尔特尔·奥林（1899-1979）所采用，后被称为“赫克谢尔-奥林理论”。" + "赫克谢尔（Eli Filip Heckscher，1879-1952）是一位瑞典经济学家和经济史学家。他于1909年开始在斯德哥尔摩经济学院任教，并后来参与创建斯德哥尔摩经济史研究所，担任所长。他的主要研究领域是经济史，著有《大陆体系》（1922）和《重商主义》（1931）。赫克谢尔提出了限制纸币波动的“商品点”概念，支持自由贸易，并主张生产要素的不同会导致国家之间贸易商品优势的不同。这一假说被其弟子贝尔特尔·奥林（1899-1979）所采用，后被称为“赫克谢尔-奥林理论”。" ], [ "那么赫克谢尔的“商品点”概念是什么意思？", @@ -203080,7 +203080,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大气atmosphere围绕地球的气圈，通称为大气，接近表面的地方有明确的化学成分（参阅air）。除了多种气体外，还有一些水汽以及固体和液体的微粒。科学家将之分成五个部分（由下往上）：对流层（troposhere，地表6～8哩或10～13公里）、平流层（stratosphere, 4～11哩或6～17公里）、中间层（mesosphere, 31～50哩或50～80公里）、热层（thenmosphere, 50～300哩或80～480公里）和外大气层（exosphere, 300哩开始但渐次消散）。大气绝大部分由中性原子和分子组成；但在海拔很高的地方由于光致电离而产生显着电子份额，这个区域成为电离层（ionosphere），它开始于平流层顶部附近。亦请参阅ozone layer。\n\n请问能给我简要介绍一下地球大气的构成和层次划分吗？", - "你好，Human！地球大气主要由多种气体、水汽以及固体和液体的微粒组成。它被划分为五个层次，从低到高依次是对流层、平流层、中间层、热层和外大气层。对流层靠近地表，高度约为10-13公里；平流层高度约为6-17公里；中间层高度约为50-80公里；热层高度约为80-480公里；而外大气层从300哩开始，但渐次消散。在某些高海拔地区，大气中存在显著的电子份额，形成电离层。电离层从平流层顶部附近开始。这些信息有助于了解地球大气的组成和结构特点。" + "地球大气主要由多种气体、水汽以及固体和液体的微粒组成。它被划分为五个层次，从低到高依次是对流层、平流层、中间层、热层和外大气层。对流层靠近地表，高度约为10-13公里；平流层高度约为6-17公里；中间层高度约为50-80公里；热层高度约为80-480公里；而外大气层从300哩开始，但渐次消散。在某些高海拔地区，大气中存在显著的电子份额，形成电离层。电离层从平流层顶部附近开始。这些信息有助于了解地球大气的组成和结构特点。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答，请问对流层对我们的生活有什么影响？", @@ -203583,7 +203583,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿赫马托娃1889～1966年Akhmatova, Anna原名Anna Andreyevna Gorenko俄国诗人。以第一本诗集（1912、1914）而声名大噪。1917年俄国革命后不久，苏维埃当局批评她的作品专写狭隘的爱情和上帝题材。1923年她的前夫被处决，就此在文坛沈寂了一段时间。第二次世界大战后，又被公然抨击，并被苏联作家协会（Writers Union）开除。1953年在史达林（Joseph Stalin）死后的文化解冻时期，阿赫马托娃的声誉渐渐得到恢复。晚年，是俄罗斯年轻诗人圈里颇具影响力的人物。最长的诗《没有主角的诗》（Poem Without a Hero）被公认是20世纪最伟大的诗作之一。此外，她还是一个杰出翻译家，亦有自传作品。\n\n请问阿赫马托娃是哪个国家的诗人？", - "你好，Human。阿赫马托娃（Anna Akhmatova）是俄国（现俄罗斯）的诗人。她的原名是Anna Andreyevna Gorenko，生活在1889年至1966年。她的作品使她成为了20世纪最著名的诗人之一。" + "阿赫马托娃（Anna Akhmatova）是俄国（现俄罗斯）的诗人。她的原名是Anna Andreyevna Gorenko，生活在1889年至1966年。她的作品使她成为了20世纪最著名的诗人之一。" ], [ "她的作品有什么特点呢？", @@ -204026,7 +204026,7 @@ "history": [ [ "贝宁Benin西非森林区历史上主要的王国（13～19世纪）之一，以现今的奈及利亚南部的贝宁市为中心。15世纪中叶，随着埃瓦雷大王（Ewuare the Great）的即位，该王国变得高度组织化，与葡萄牙、荷兰的商人展开象牙、棕榈油、胡椒和奴隶贸易。18世纪和19世纪初，由于继承权的斗争而使王国势衰。1897年英国人焚烧了贝宁市后，该王国并入英属奈及利亚。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我贝宁王国的历史及其在13至19世纪的发展情况吗？", - "当然可以，Human。贝宁王国是历史上位于西非森林区的一个重要国家，它存在于13到19世纪。贝宁王国以现在的奈及利亚南部的贝宁市为中心。在15世纪中叶，埃瓦雷大王（Ewuare the Great）登上王位，使得贝宁王国变得更加组织化。他们与葡萄牙、荷兰的商人开展象牙、棕榈油、胡椒和奴隶贸易。但是在18世纪和19世纪初，由于王位继承权的斗争，该王国势力开始衰退。最后，在1897年英国人焚烧贝宁市后，贝宁王国被合并入英属奈及利亚。" + "贝宁王国是历史上位于西非森林区的一个重要国家，它存在于13到19世纪。贝宁王国以现在的奈及利亚南部的贝宁市为中心。在15世纪中叶，埃瓦雷大王（Ewuare the Great）登上王位，使得贝宁王国变得更加组织化。他们与葡萄牙、荷兰的商人开展象牙、棕榈油、胡椒和奴隶贸易。但是在18世纪和19世纪初，由于王位继承权的斗争，该王国势力开始衰退。最后，在1897年英国人焚烧贝宁市后，贝宁王国被合并入英属奈及利亚。" ], [ "请解释一下埃瓦雷大王对贝宁王国的贡献以及为什么他是这个国家的一个关键人物？", @@ -204308,7 +204308,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赫卡柏Hecuba希腊传说中，特洛伊国王普里阿摩斯的妻子，海克特的母亲。特洛伊战争结束时，她随之被俘。据尤利比提斯的说法，她的小儿子波吕多洛斯曾托付给色雷斯国王波林涅斯托耳照管。当她抵达色雷斯时，发现儿子已被谋杀，就弄瞎国王双眼，并杀死他的两个儿子作为报复。其他版本的说法是后来她变成了一只狗，她在赫勒斯滂的坟墓成了航海船只的陆标。\n\n你好，请问你能简单介绍一下赫卡柏（Hecuba）和她的故事么？", - "你好，Human！赫卡柏是希腊传说中的一个人物，她是特洛伊国王普里阿摩斯的妻子，同时也是海克特的母亲。特洛伊战争结束后，赫卡柏被希腊军队俘虏。关于她后来的命运，有不同版本的传说。根据尤利比提斯的说法，在波吕多洛斯（赫卡柏的小儿子）被托付给色雷斯国王波林涅斯托耳照管后，赫卡柏在抵达色雷斯时发现儿子已被谋杀，由此她弄瞎了波林涅斯托耳的双眼，并杀死了他的两个儿子作为报复。另一个版本的故事则说，赫卡柏后来变成了一只狗，她在赫勒斯滂的坟墓成为航海船只的陆标。" + "赫卡柏是希腊传说中的一个人物，她是特洛伊国王普里阿摩斯的妻子，同时也是海克特的母亲。特洛伊战争结束后，赫卡柏被希腊军队俘虏。关于她后来的命运，有不同版本的传说。根据尤利比提斯的说法，在波吕多洛斯（赫卡柏的小儿子）被托付给色雷斯国王波林涅斯托耳照管后，赫卡柏在抵达色雷斯时发现儿子已被谋杀，由此她弄瞎了波林涅斯托耳的双眼，并杀死了他的两个儿子作为报复。另一个版本的故事则说，赫卡柏后来变成了一只狗，她在赫勒斯滂的坟墓成为航海船只的陆标。" ] ] }, @@ -204353,7 +204353,7 @@ "history": [ [ "洁西诺曼1945年～Norman, Jessye美国女高音歌唱家。1968年她赢得慕尼黑国际音乐比赛首奖。1969年在柏林首次演出，在《唐怀瑟》中扮演伊莉莎白。1972年在史卡拉歌剧院登台，第二年分别在伦敦和纽约首次举行个人独唱音乐会。多年来一直受到极高的赞扬，1983年在大都会歌剧院首次出演《特洛伊人》，确立了可能是她那一代人中最优秀的女高音地位。她给人留下印象深刻的舞台形象。她的歌剧和音乐会剧目都使人折服，在音乐才能方面达到了无人匹敌的广阔范围。\n\n我最近在了解洁西诺曼，想知道她是什么时候开始崭露头角的？", - "你好，Human！洁西诺曼（Jessye Norman）是一位非常著名的美国女高音歌唱家。据记录，她于1968年赢得慕尼黑国际音乐比赛的首奖，这也是她开始崭露头角的时期。这个比赛的获胜为她后来的职业生涯奠定了坚实的基础，使她在音乐界逐渐崛起。" + "洁西诺曼（Jessye Norman）是一位非常著名的美国女高音歌唱家。据记录，她于1968年赢得慕尼黑国际音乐比赛的首奖，这也是她开始崭露头角的时期。这个比赛的获胜为她后来的职业生涯奠定了坚实的基础，使她在音乐界逐渐崛起。" ], [ "她有什么著名的首次演出吗？", @@ -204593,7 +204593,7 @@ "history": [ [ "专名name用来指称个别实体的词或词组。用来指明一特定的人、地、物的专名，以第一个字母以大写书写，称为专有名词。包括了人名（如Christopher〔克里斯多福〕）、地名（如London〔伦敦〕）、艺术作品名称（如Mona Lisa〔蒙娜丽莎〕）和品牌名（如Vaseline〔凡士林〕）、历史事件或时代的名称（如蔷薇战争〔War of Roses〕）、政治、艺术、哲学运动名称（如Cubism〔立体主义〕）。人名可能从一个文化转到另一个文化，其形式常会因此而改变，如Jochanan（希伯莱语）、Johann（德语）、John（英语）、Ian（苏格兰）等。家族的姓有几种根源，显然始于贵族而逐渐传播开来。所取名字常常作为家世相传的基础，如Alfred（阿佛列）的父亲名字是John（约翰），他本人可能被称为Alfred Johnson。有的名字可能来自地名或职业名称，如亚威农城的亨利，可称为Henri d'Avignon；铁匠（blacksmith）罗伯（Robert），可能会称为Robert Smith后者就变成姓。\n\n你好，请问什么是专名？", - "你好，Human！专名是指用来指称个别实体的词或词组。这类名称用来具体地指代某个特定的人、地、物等，专名的第一个字母通常用大写字母来进行书写。专名可以包括人名、地名、艺术作品名称、品牌名、历史事件或时代的名称以及政治、艺术、哲学运动名称等等。这些专名是专有的，它们专指某一个实体，与其他实体区分开来。" + "专名是指用来指称个别实体的词或词组。这类名称用来具体地指代某个特定的人、地、物等，专名的第一个字母通常用大写字母来进行书写。专名可以包括人名、地名、艺术作品名称、品牌名、历史事件或时代的名称以及政治、艺术、哲学运动名称等等。这些专名是专有的，它们专指某一个实体，与其他实体区分开来。" ], [ "那人名是怎么会随着文化的传播而改变形式的呢？", @@ -204711,7 +204711,7 @@ "history": [ [ "应力stress在物理科学和工程学中，材料由于受到外力作用、受热不均或永久性变形，而在内部产生的单位面积上的力。正应力由与材料的截面垂直的力引起，切应力由平行于截面的力引起。应力用力除以面积的商来表示。\n\n你好，请问应力是如何产生的？", - "你好，Human。应力是在物理科学和工程学中材料在受到外力作用、受热不均或永久性变形等条件下，在其内部单位面积上产生的力。产生应力的原因有很多，例如受到外力、温度变化或材料的内部变形等。应力分为正应力和切应力，正应力由与材料截面垂直的力引起，而切应力则由平行于截面的力引起。我们可以通过计算力和面积的商来表示应力。" + "应力是在物理科学和工程学中材料在受到外力作用、受热不均或永久性变形等条件下，在其内部单位面积上产生的力。产生应力的原因有很多，例如受到外力、温度变化或材料的内部变形等。应力分为正应力和切应力，正应力由与材料截面垂直的力引起，而切应力则由平行于截面的力引起。我们可以通过计算力和面积的商来表示应力。" ], [ "请解释一下正应力和切应力的区别。", @@ -204837,7 +204837,7 @@ "history": [ [ "硫酸sulfuric acid亦称oil of vitriol化学式H2SO4。一种比重大、无色、油状、带腐蚀性的液体无机化合物。硫酸是一种强酸，能生成氢离子（H+）或水合氢离子（H3O+）、硫酸氢根离子（HSO-4）以及硫酸盐（SO2-4）。也是一种氧化剂（参阅oxidation-reduction）和脱水剂，能碳化许多有机物。它是一种重要的化工原料，不同浓度的硫酸可用于化肥、颜料、染料、药物、炸药、洗涤剂、无机盐类和无机酸的生产，也用于石油提炼和冶金过程中。还可用作铅－酸蓄电池的电解液。工业上用三氧化硫（SO3）与水反应制备硫酸，如果超越了饱合点则会形成发烟硫酸，可用于制备某些有机试剂。\n\n请问硫酸是什么？", - "你好，Human！硫酸（sulfuric acid），化学式为H2SO4，是一种重要的化工原料。它是一种比重大的、无色的、油状的、带有腐蚀性的液体无机化合物。硫酸作为强酸，在溶液中会生成氢离子（H+）或水合氢离子（H3O+）、硫酸氢根离子（HSO-4）以及硫酸盐（SO2-4）。它也具有氧化剂和脱水剂的性质。在工业中，硫酸有广泛的应用，如化肥、颜料、染料、药物、炸药、洗涤剂、无机盐类和无机酸的生产，也用于石油提炼和冶金过程。此外，硫酸还可以用作铅酸蓄电池的电解液。" + "硫酸（sulfuric acid），化学式为H2SO4，是一种重要的化工原料。它是一种比重大的、无色的、油状的、带有腐蚀性的液体无机化合物。硫酸作为强酸，在溶液中会生成氢离子（H+）或水合氢离子（H3O+）、硫酸氢根离子（HSO-4）以及硫酸盐（SO2-4）。它也具有氧化剂和脱水剂的性质。在工业中，硫酸有广泛的应用，如化肥、颜料、染料、药物、炸药、洗涤剂、无机盐类和无机酸的生产，也用于石油提炼和冶金过程。此外，硫酸还可以用作铅酸蓄电池的电解液。" ], [ "硫酸是如何制备的？", @@ -204856,7 +204856,7 @@ "history": [ [ "隆头鱼wrasse鲈形目隆头鱼科三百多种鱼的统称。广布于全世界热带和温带海域，以珊瑚礁中为最丰富。体长约5公分～2公尺余。主要特征︰唇厚，鳞大，背鳍与臀鳍均长，颚前部一般有突出的大犬牙。大多数为肉食性，捕食海产无脊椎动物。有些种称「清洁工」，剔取大型鱼类体外寄生物为食。蚝隆头鱼（Tautoga onitis）可食用。\n\n请问隆头鱼有什么特征？", - "你好，Human！隆头鱼（Wrasse）是一种鱼类，属于鲈形目隆头鱼科，主要特征包括唇厚、鳞大、背鳍与臀鳍均长，颚前部一般有突出的大犬牙。这些特征使得隆头鱼在捕食海产无脊椎动物时更加容易。希望这些信息对你有帮助！" + "隆头鱼（Wrasse）是一种鱼类，属于鲈形目隆头鱼科，主要特征包括唇厚、鳞大、背鳍与臀鳍均长，颚前部一般有突出的大犬牙。这些特征使得隆头鱼在捕食海产无脊椎动物时更加容易。希望这些信息对你有帮助！" ], [ "隆头鱼的分布范围有哪些？", @@ -204879,7 +204879,7 @@ "history": [ [ "供给经济学supply-side economics一种经济学理论，研究劳动及财货供给的影响，主张减税及削减福利支出，以增加工作及生产财货的诱因。该理论是由美国经济学家拉弗（Arthur Laffer, 1940～）所提出，雷根总统1980年代在美国实际施行。支持者指出，1980年代的经济成长证明该理论的有效性；反对者则指出，随着成长率而来的，却是庞大的联邦赤字和投机心态。\n\n关于供给经济学（supply-side economics），能给我简要介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！供给经济学是一种研究劳动和财货供给影响的经济学理论，主张减税和削减福利支出，以增加工作和生产财货的诱因。这一理论由美国经济学家亚瑟·拉弗（Arthur Laffer）提出，并在1980年代的美国由雷根总统实际施行。关于这一理论，支持者认为1980年代的经济增长证实了其有效性，而反对者则认为，这导致了庞大的联邦赤字和投机心态。" + "供给经济学是一种研究劳动和财货供给影响的经济学理论，主张减税和削减福利支出，以增加工作和生产财货的诱因。这一理论由美国经济学家亚瑟·拉弗（Arthur Laffer）提出，并在1980年代的美国由雷根总统实际施行。关于这一理论，支持者认为1980年代的经济增长证实了其有效性，而反对者则认为，这导致了庞大的联邦赤字和投机心态。" ], [ "那么，拉弗教授具体提出了怎样的理论呢？", @@ -204898,7 +204898,7 @@ "history": [ [ "全国劳工关系局National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)美国政府机构，负责实施「国家劳工关系法」（1935），促进工会组织。由总统指定的三个全国劳工关系局成员组织选举来决定雇员们是否愿意让工会代表他们进行集体谈判，监督雇主和工会对劳工有无不正当的行为。它并不主动发起调查，必须在雇主、个人或工会的要求下才能介入。虽然它没有强制推行命令的权力，但可以到法院依法起诉。\n\n你好，请问什么是全国劳工关系局（NLRB）？", - "你好，Human！全国劳工关系局（National Labor Relations Board，简称NLRB）是美国政府的一个机构，成立于1935年，主要负责实施《国家劳工关系法》（National Labor Relations Act）。它的主要任务是促进工会组织的发展，确保工人们的权益得到维护。具体工作包括决定雇员们是否愿意让工会代表他们进行集体谈判等，同时也监督雇主和工会在劳工关系方面是否存在不正当的行为。" + "全国劳工关系局（National Labor Relations Board，简称NLRB）是美国政府的一个机构，成立于1935年，主要负责实施《国家劳工关系法》（National Labor Relations Act）。它的主要任务是促进工会组织的发展，确保工人们的权益得到维护。具体工作包括决定雇员们是否愿意让工会代表他们进行集体谈判等，同时也监督雇主和工会在劳工关系方面是否存在不正当的行为。" ], [ "NLRB是如何决定雇员们是否愿意让工会代表他们进行集体谈判的？", @@ -204959,7 +204959,7 @@ "history": [ [ "腓力二世1527～1598年Philip II西班牙语作Felipe西班牙（1556～1598）和葡萄牙国王（称腓力一世，1580～1598）。查理五世皇帝的儿子，从其父亲处获得米兰公国（1540）、那不勒斯和西西里王国（1554）、尼德兰（1555）、西班牙和西班牙海外帝国（1556）。他从1555年开始统治尼德兰，1557年发动了对法国的战争，并且获胜。从1559年开始统治西班牙，修建了埃尔埃斯科里亚尔的宫殿，促进了西班牙文学的黄金时代。他支持反宗教改革，但未能镇压尼德兰的暴动（始于1568年），征服英格兰也失败了，西班牙无敌舰队被击败（1588）。他在勒班陀战役（1571）中打败了鄂图曼人的进攻，在地中海地区取胜，并从1580年成为葡萄牙国王后，统一了伊比利半岛。在他统治时期，西班牙国势最为强盛，疆域广阔，影响极大。\n\n请问腓力二世是在什么时候开始统治西班牙的？", - "你好，Human。腓力二世于1559年开始统治西班牙。在那之前，他曾从他的父亲查理五世皇帝手中分别获得了米兰公国（1540年）、那不勒斯和西西里王国（1554年）、尼德兰（1555年）、西班牙和西班牙海外帝国（1556年），并自1555年起开始统治尼德兰。" + "腓力二世于1559年开始统治西班牙。在那之前，他曾从他的父亲查理五世皇帝手中分别获得了米兰公国（1540年）、那不勒斯和西西里王国（1554年）、尼德兰（1555年）、西班牙和西班牙海外帝国（1556年），并自1555年起开始统治尼德兰。" ], [ "关于他与尼德兰的关系，他失败尝试镇压过暴动吗？", @@ -205104,7 +205104,7 @@ "history": [ [ "波兰语Polish language波兰的西斯拉夫语，约有410万人使用，其中200至300万人在北美洲，约150万人在前苏联。最早的写有若干连贯的波兰语的手稿时间是14世纪。16世纪形成了结合西部和东南部方言的标准波兰语。波兰语用拉丁字母书写，利用连字（字母的组合）与区别音符来分辨其相当精妙的辅音。重音固定在倒数第二个音节上。\n\n请根据我提供的信息，告诉我波兰语最早出现在哪个世纪的手稿上？", - "您好，Human！根据您提供的信息，最早的记录波兰语的手稿可以追溯到14世纪。" + "根据您提供的信息，最早的记录波兰语的手稿可以追溯到14世纪。" ], [ "波兰语在世界上大约有多少人使用？", @@ -205387,7 +205387,7 @@ "history": [ [ "波多诺伏Porto-Novo贝宁首都和港口城市，滨临西非几内亚湾。位于该国东南部沿海礁湖上，可能是在16世纪末建立，成为波多诺伏当地王国的中心。葡萄牙人在17世纪在此修建商站，成为奴隶买卖的中心。1863年成为法国的保护地，1904年成为法国西非达荷美殖民地首府。该市还有非洲的古老宫殿废墟和殖民地时期风格的建筑，包括古老的葡萄牙人大教堂。人口约200,000（1994）。\n\n你好，请问波多诺伏是哪个国家的首都？", - "你好，Human！波多诺伏（Porto-Novo）是贝宁（Benin）的首都，位于西非的几内亚湾沿岸。" + "波多诺伏（Porto-Novo）是贝宁（Benin）的首都，位于西非的几内亚湾沿岸。" ], [ "能对波多诺伏的历史做个简单的介绍吗？", @@ -205448,7 +205448,7 @@ "history": [ [ "椅chair单人坐具，通常有四根脚和一个靠背。为最古老的家具之一，可追溯至古埃及第三王朝时期（西元前2650?～西元前2575?年）。后来在整个欧洲发展了各种样式。16世纪的许多椅子用垫子作装饰。17世纪生产了大量雕刻富丽的椅子。美国家具多照搬17世纪后期英国家具的式样。\n\n根据上面关于椅子的历史信息，能告诉我椅子最早是在哪个时期出现的吗？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，椅子这种家具最早出现在古埃及第三王朝时期，大约是西元前2650年至西元前2575年。椅子已经有着非常悠久的历史，经过漫长的时间演变，形成了许多不同的样式。" + "根据提供的信息，椅子这种家具最早出现在古埃及第三王朝时期，大约是西元前2650年至西元前2575年。椅子已经有着非常悠久的历史，经过漫长的时间演变，形成了许多不同的样式。" ], [ "欧洲的椅子发展史有什么特点？", @@ -205555,7 +205555,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沙托盖战役1813年10月26日Chateauguay, Battle of1812年战争中，英军迫使美军放弃进攻蒙特娄的一场决定性战役。1813年秋，汉普顿将军率领约四千名美国士兵进犯蒙特娄，但在魁北克沙托盖为英军（多数为法裔加拿大人）所阻，英军利用沿河森林有利地形，以少胜多，击退美军。之后美军撤出加拿大。\n\n你好，请问沙托盖战役是什么时候发生的？", - "你好，Human！沙托盖战役发生在1813年10月26日。这是一场发生在1812年战争中的决定性战役。" + "沙托盖战役发生在1813年10月26日。这是一场发生在1812年战争中的决定性战役。" ], [ "这场战役的背景是什么？", @@ -206167,7 +206167,7 @@ "history": [ [ "韦伯斯特1580?～1625?年Webster, John英国剧作家。生平不详，但可能最初做过演员，后成为剧作家。曾和一些着名剧作家，如德克（T Dekker）合作写过一些剧本。他最着名的作品是《白魔》（1612）和《马尔菲公爵夫人》（1623），二者都属报仇悲剧，叙述因谋杀和血腥的证据引发义大利贵族家庭间的争端的故事；被被公认是莎士比亚作品以外17世纪英国最重要的悲剧。\n\n请问韦伯斯特是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human。韦伯斯特（John Webster）的确切出生年份并不详细，但可以推测是在1580年左右。这个推测是根据他的生平和所处的历史背景得出的。" + "韦伯斯特（John Webster）的确切出生年份并不详细，但可以推测是在1580年左右。这个推测是根据他的生平和所处的历史背景得出的。" ], [ "他有参与过哪些重要的戏剧创作并与哪些著名剧作家合作？", @@ -206209,7 +206209,7 @@ "history": [ [ "普里恩Priene古代爱奥尼亚城市，位于土耳其西南门德雷斯河之北。据斯特拉博所述，普里恩是爱奥尼亚人和底比斯人所兴建。西元前7世纪曾被洗劫一空，但西元前6世纪又重新赢得其地位。在罗马人和拜占庭人的统治下曾欣欣向荣，但后来逐渐衰败。13世纪落入土耳其之手后被废弃。考古发掘出了一座建在梯田上的希腊城镇，附近的山顶上有雅典娜神庙，该神庙是有亚历山大大帝于西元前334年兴建奉献的。\n\n请问你能给我介绍一下普里恩（Priene）古代城市的基本信息吗？", - "你好，Human！普里恩（Priene）是一座古代爱奥尼亚城市，位于如今的土耳其西南部，门德雷斯河北部。据古地理学家斯特拉博的记载，普里恩是由爱奥尼亚人和底比斯人共同兴建的。该城市在公元前7世纪曾一度被洗劫一空，但在公元前6世纪重新崛起。普里恩曾在罗马人和拜占庭人的统治下繁荣一时，但之后逐渐衰败。直到13世纪，普里恩落入土耳其人之手后才被废弃。如今的考古发掘发现了普里恩的希腊城镇遗址，城镇建在梯田上。雅典娜神庙位于附近的山顶上，是公元前334年由亚历山大大帝兴建奉献的。" + "普里恩（Priene）是一座古代爱奥尼亚城市，位于如今的土耳其西南部，门德雷斯河北部。据古地理学家斯特拉博的记载，普里恩是由爱奥尼亚人和底比斯人共同兴建的。该城市在公元前7世纪曾一度被洗劫一空，但在公元前6世纪重新崛起。普里恩曾在罗马人和拜占庭人的统治下繁荣一时，但之后逐渐衰败。直到13世纪，普里恩落入土耳其人之手后才被废弃。如今的考古发掘发现了普里恩的希腊城镇遗址，城镇建在梯田上。雅典娜神庙位于附近的山顶上，是公元前334年由亚历山大大帝兴建奉献的。" ], [ "请问普里恩城市在古代爱奥尼亚时期有什么重要意义？", @@ -206899,7 +206899,7 @@ "history": [ [ "春田Springfield美国伊利诺州首府。临桑加蒙（Sangamon）河，1818年创建；1837年经过林肯和其他立法会议员的努力，州首府被迁来此地。林肯在1861年当选总统之前一直居住在该地，他的墓地也位于此。为教育和政府中心，还是周围富庶农区的批发零售中心。人口约113,000（1996）。\n\n你好，请问一下春田是美国哪个州的首府？", - "你好，Human！春田（Springfield）是美国伊利诺州（Illinois）的首府。您有关于春田的其他问题吗？" + "春田（Springfield）是美国伊利诺州（Illinois）的首府。您有关于春田的其他问题吗？" ], [ "是的，请问春田创建于哪一年？", @@ -206945,7 +206945,7 @@ "history": [ [ "班巴拉人Bambara马利尼日河上游地区的民族，所使用的语言是尼日－刚果语系的曼德语。人口约三百一十万，有自己的书写系统，并以其木雕和金属雕刻着名。17～18世纪发展为两个单独的帝国，一个在塞古（并含廷巴克图），另一个在卡尔塔（Kaarta）。\n\n根据这段关于班巴拉人的信息，你能告诉我班巴拉人主要居住在哪个国家吗？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，班巴拉人主要居住在马利尼日河上游地区。马利尼日河位于非洲西部，流经的国家包括马里、尼日尔等。因此，班巴拉人主要居住在马里。" + "根据提供的信息，班巴拉人主要居住在马利尼日河上游地区。马利尼日河位于非洲西部，流经的国家包括马里、尼日尔等。因此，班巴拉人主要居住在马里。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。请问班巴拉人使用的语言属于哪个语系？", @@ -207270,7 +207270,7 @@ "history": [ [ "柯尔尼德里Kol Nidre指犹太教信徒在赎罪日前夕会堂礼拜开始时所唱悔罪祈祷曲。这篇祷文开端是为一年之内没有实践向上帝所发誓愿表示忏悔。这篇祷文最早在西元8世纪即已采用，可能是基督教徒迫害犹太人时逼他们发誓，犹太人就用此表示誓愿无效。德系犹太人使用这种曲调，作曲家布鲁赫把它谱写成大提琴曲《柯尔尼德里》（1880），因而闻名。\n\n你好，请问柯尔尼德里Kol Nidre是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！柯尔尼德里Kol Nidre是犹太教信徒在赎罪日前夕会堂礼拜开始时所唱的一首悔罪祈祷曲。这篇祷文用于表示忏悔一年之内没有实践向上帝所发誓愿的行为。这篇祷文最早在公元8世纪即已采用，当时基督教徒迫害犹太人时逼他们发誓，犹太人就用此表示誓愿无效。这是一个代表悔罪和敬虔的犹太教祈祷仪式。" + "柯尔尼德里Kol Nidre是犹太教信徒在赎罪日前夕会堂礼拜开始时所唱的一首悔罪祈祷曲。这篇祷文用于表示忏悔一年之内没有实践向上帝所发誓愿的行为。这篇祷文最早在公元8世纪即已采用，当时基督教徒迫害犹太人时逼他们发誓，犹太人就用此表示誓愿无效。这是一个代表悔罪和敬虔的犹太教祈祷仪式。" ], [ "请告诉我德系犹太人如何使用柯尔尼德里的曲调，并举一个例子。", @@ -207587,7 +207587,7 @@ "history": [ [ "希思科特1783～1861年Heathcoat, John英国发明家。1809年取得机器花边机的注册专利，是当时最复杂的纺织机，它透过模仿梭结花边工人双手操作梭子的动作，生产仿真梭结花边。1816年卢德派分子捣毁了他的花边工厂。后来他还研制了生产装饰花边网、丝带、打褶花边网和编织花边网用的机械装置，发明了改进的精纺机，最后创造了从蚕茧卷绕生丝的方法。\n\n我想了解一下John Heathcoat 是谁？", - "你好，Human！John Heathcoat（1783-1861年）是一位英国发明家。他在1809年获得了机器花边机的注册专利，被誉为当时最复杂的纺织机。这台机器通过模仿梭结花边工人双手操作梭子的动作，能生产出仿真梭结花边。希望这个简介对你有帮助。" + "John Heathcoat（1783-1861年）是一位英国发明家。他在1809年获得了机器花边机的注册专利，被誉为当时最复杂的纺织机。这台机器通过模仿梭结花边工人双手操作梭子的动作，能生产出仿真梭结花边。希望这个简介对你有帮助。" ], [ "他的花边工厂在哪一年被卢德派分子捣毁的？", @@ -208101,7 +208101,7 @@ "history": [ [ "菠菜spinach藜科一种耐寒、多叶的一年生蔬菜作物，学名为Spinacia oleracea。叶可食，略呈三角形，平展或多皱，莲座状丛生，其后从叶丛中生出种柄。菠菜在凉爽的气候条件下和富含石灰质的肥沃深土上生长快且叶可达最大面积。自早春至晚秋，每隔两星期即可播种一次以提供稳定的供给。菠菜富含铁、维生素A和C，为有营养的蔬菜。\n\n请问菠菜的学名是什么？", - "你好，Human！菠菜的学名是Spinacia oleracea。这种蔬菜属于藜科家族，具有耐寒性，并且是一种一年生作物。" + "菠菜的学名是Spinacia oleracea。这种蔬菜属于藜科家族，具有耐寒性，并且是一种一年生作物。" ], [ "菠菜的叶子长什么样子？", @@ -208349,7 +208349,7 @@ "history": [ [ "通讯卫星communications satellite绕行地球轨道的系统，可以接收讯号（如资料、语音、电视）并转发回地面。通讯卫星从1970年代开始在日常生活与全球通讯上扮演重要的角色。典型的通讯卫星位于地球同步轨道，约在地球上方35,900公里处，操作频率向地传输4吉赫（GHz），向上传输为6吉赫。\n\n我最近在了解通讯卫星，想请你帮我解答一下关于通讯卫星的问题。", - "你好，Human！当然可以，我会尽力帮你解答关于通讯卫星的问题，尽管提问吧。" + "当然可以，我会尽力帮你解答关于通讯卫星的问题，尽管提问吧。" ], [ "通讯卫星是如何进行信号接收和转发的？", @@ -208406,7 +208406,7 @@ "history": [ [ "曼德拉1918年～Mandela, Nelson南非黑人民族主义领袖和政治家。科萨人酋长之子。1942年在维瓦特兰大学取得律师资格，1944年加入非洲民族议会（ANC）。沙佩维尔惨案（1960）后，曼德拉放弃非暴力立场，帮助成立非洲民族议会的军事组织「民族之矛」。1962年被捕，判处终身监禁。曼德拉在南非黑人中获得广泛的支持，并且成为国际上轰动一时的案件。1990年戴克拉克（F W de Klerk）释放曼德拉。1991年曼德拉取代坦博（O Tambo）成为非洲民族议会主席。他与戴克拉克因致力于终止南非的种族隔离政策及和平过渡为非种族的民主制度，而在1993年共获诺贝尔和平奖。1994年在南非第一次全种族大选中当选为总统，到1999年卸任时，他已成为后殖民地时期非洲最受尊敬的人物。\n\n请问，曼德拉是什么时候开始他的政治生涯的？", - "你好，Human！曼德拉在1944年加入了非洲民族议会（ANC），成为南非黑人民族主义领袖和政治家。这可以被看作是他开始政治生涯的重要时刻。作为一个努力争取民族解放的人物，他在此后几十年里都积极参与了南非政治。希望这个回答对你有帮助！" + "曼德拉在1944年加入了非洲民族议会（ANC），成为南非黑人民族主义领袖和政治家。这可以被看作是他开始政治生涯的重要时刻。作为一个努力争取民族解放的人物，他在此后几十年里都积极参与了南非政治。希望这个回答对你有帮助！" ], [ "曼德拉什么时候放弃非暴力立场的？", @@ -208433,7 +208433,7 @@ "history": [ [ "吸气音click语音学术语。口腔内任何一个部位所发出的一种吸气音。许多非洲语言里都有吸气音，而在其他语言里则常用作感叹音。例如，英语用tsk、tsk表示不赞成。吸气音是科伊桑诸语言和班图诸语言的辅音系统的正规部分，其中班图诸语言受科伊桑语（包括祖鲁语和科萨语）影响很大。\n\n关于吸气音click，我希望了解一下它发音的特点和使用场景。", - "你好，Human！吸气音click是一种特殊的辅音，主要在一些非洲语言中发现。它是由口腔内任何一个部位通过吸气而发出的声音。吸气音在非洲科伊桑诸语言和班图诸语言中十分常见，可以作为单词的发音成分。在其他语言里，例如英语，它常用作感叹音，表达对某种情况的赞成或不赞成。那种用\"tsk, tsk\"表示不赞成的声音便是吸气音的一种。" + "吸气音click是一种特殊的辅音，主要在一些非洲语言中发现。它是由口腔内任何一个部位通过吸气而发出的声音。吸气音在非洲科伊桑诸语言和班图诸语言中十分常见，可以作为单词的发音成分。在其他语言里，例如英语，它常用作感叹音，表达对某种情况的赞成或不赞成。那种用\"tsk, tsk\"表示不赞成的声音便是吸气音的一种。" ], [ "能否讲解一下吸气音click是如何发出的？", @@ -208490,7 +208490,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瓦卡蒂普湖Wakatipu Lake纽西兰南岛中南部湖泊。呈S形，长77公里，宽5公里，面积293平方公里，最深点378公尺，瓦卡蒂普湖接纳达特河、里斯河、格林斯通河和冯河。湖水向东泄入克卢萨河支流卡瓦劳河。\n\n请问瓦卡蒂普湖（Wakatipu Lake）在纽西兰的具体位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human。瓦卡蒂普湖位于纽西兰南岛的中南部。这个湖泊呈S形，具体来说，它长77公里、宽5公里，覆盖了一个面积达293平方公里的区域。提供这些信息可以帮助你了解瓦卡蒂普湖的地理位置和规模。" + "瓦卡蒂普湖位于纽西兰南岛的中南部。这个湖泊呈S形，具体来说，它长77公里、宽5公里，覆盖了一个面积达293平方公里的区域。提供这些信息可以帮助你了解瓦卡蒂普湖的地理位置和规模。" ], [ "明白了，这个湖泊的形状和尺寸非常有特点。那么，瓦卡蒂普湖的最深点有多深呢？", @@ -208608,7 +208608,7 @@ "history": [ [ "地狱hell宗教用语，指死后恶人或受罚亡灵所在之处或所处状况。多数宗教都有善、恶或生、死分处两地的概念（如希腊宗教中哈得斯管辖的黑暗地下冥府，以及古斯堪的那维亚神话中尼弗尔海姆或海尔的寒冷黑暗的地下世界）。琐罗亚斯德教、犹太教、基督教、伊斯兰教这些宗教都认为地狱是亡灵经过最后审判而受处罚的最终所在。犹太教认为地狱是惩罚恶人的火焚谷，基督教据此认为地狱是撒旦及其邪恶的使者的烈火之境，那些死不悔罪的人死后会在那里永受刑罚。印度教认为地狱只是灵魂投胎转世的一个阶段。佛教各派有各种不同的地狱观，通常使人永久处于某种惩罚或炼狱中。耆那教认为地狱是恶魔折磨罪人的地方，直到罪人一生的积恶全然清除才罢休。\n\n嗨。我最近在了解一些关于地狱的信息，我有一些问题想请教你。", - "你好，Human！很高兴能帮助你解答关于地狱的问题，请问有什么问题我可以帮助你解答呢？" + "很高兴能帮助你解答关于地狱的问题，请问有什么问题我可以帮助你解答呢？" ], [ "首先，我想了解一下在基督教中，地狱是如何构想的？", @@ -208917,7 +208917,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巢nest动物建造的长久性的居身之所，或者为了安置和抚育后代的场所。社会性昆虫在地上或地下建筑有一系列腔室和隧道的系统。鱼类的巢形式各异，从砂砾中的浅坑到用植被筑成的封闭结构。某些蛙类修建泥盆巢，或者是飘浮的硬化泡沫渣块。鳄鱼用泥和植被，眼镜蛇用树叶和林中碎片为它们的卵筑巢。最常见的鸟巢是杯形或圆顶结构，用细枝、树叶、泥和羽毛筑成。许多哺乳动物，尤其是小型者，都在树上、地面或洞穴中筑巢。\n\n刚刚我看了一段关于动物巢穴的介绍，请问你能帮我了解一下社会性昆虫的巢穴是如何构建的吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。社会性昆虫的巢穴通常是在地面或地下建筑的。它们由一系列腔室和隧道组成，这样的结构使得昆虫能在其中有效地居住和繁殖。这些巢穴可以保护昆虫免受天教的侵袭和捕食者的捕捉。昆虫通过共同协作，在探索、挖掘和建筑过程中形成了严密的组织结构，使得巢穴系统日渐丰富并满足了群体生活的需求。" + "当然可以。社会性昆虫的巢穴通常是在地面或地下建筑的。它们由一系列腔室和隧道组成，这样的结构使得昆虫能在其中有效地居住和繁殖。这些巢穴可以保护昆虫免受天教的侵袭和捕食者的捕捉。昆虫通过共同协作，在探索、挖掘和建筑过程中形成了严密的组织结构，使得巢穴系统日渐丰富并满足了群体生活的需求。" ], [ "那么鱼类的巢穴形式是怎样的呢？", @@ -209108,7 +209108,7 @@ "history": [ [ "新政New Deal美国总统罗斯福在1933～1939年间实施的调整经济的内政纲领。新政这个词出自1932年罗斯福在接受总统提名时的演说，他承诺「给美国人民一项新政」。新政的立法主要在1933年的头三个月（罗斯福的「百日」）里颁布实施。建立了一些机构，诸如民政署和公共资源保护队来缓解失业；国家复兴署来复兴工业生产；联邦储蓄保险公司和证券交易委员会来规范金融机构；农业调整署来支援农业生产；田纳西河流域管理局来提供公用电力和控制洪水。立法的第二阶段（1935～1936）常被称为第二次新政，建立全国劳工关系局、工程进度管理署和社会保障系统。有些立法被美国最高法院宣布为违宪，有些计画没有实现目标，但许多改革被后来的行政部门继续下去，永久地改变了政府的角色。亦请参阅Public Works Administration。\n\n你好，请问新政纲领是针对哪个国家的经济调整措施？", - "你好，Human！新政纲领（New Deal）是针对美国的经济调整措施。它是由美国总统富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福（Franklin D. Roosevelt）在1933年至1939年间实施的一系列内政政策。新政纲领的目的是走出大萧条时期的经济困境，并对美国的金融、工业、农业等重要领域进行改革，以促进经济复苏。" + "新政纲领（New Deal）是针对美国的经济调整措施。它是由美国总统富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福（Franklin D. Roosevelt）在1933年至1939年间实施的一系列内政政策。新政纲领的目的是走出大萧条时期的经济困境，并对美国的金融、工业、农业等重要领域进行改革，以促进经济复苏。" ], [ "新政纲领的实施主要分为哪两个阶段？各有什么特点？", @@ -209558,7 +209558,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瑞士Switzerland正式名称瑞士联邦（Swiss Confederation）法语作Suisse，德语作Schweiz义大利语作Svizzera罗曼什语作Helvetica欧洲中部的内陆国家。面积41,293平方公里。人口约7,222,000（2001）。首都︰伯恩。人民为德国人、法国人和义大利人。语言︰德语、法语和义大利语（均为官方语）。宗教︰天主教（约占45%），新教（40%）。货币︰瑞士法郎（Sw F）。瑞士地形分成三个部分︰草地覆盖的侏罗山脉；中部的中央高原，农业富庶及城市化地区；巍峨崎岖的阿尔卑斯山脉区。该国是世界着名的金融中心之一；经济主要以国际贸易、银行业及轻、重工业为基础。制造业主要生产手表、精确仪器、机器和化学产品。旅游业和农业亦重要；农产品有谷物、糖用甜菜、水果和蔬菜、乳制品、巧克力和葡萄酒。除了有不同的种族、语言和宗教外，瑞士还维持了近七百年的民主体制，是世界最古老的民主国家。政府形式是联邦国家，两院制。总统是国家元首暨政府首脑。最初的居民是赫尔维蒂人，西元前1世纪被罗马人征服。从3～6世纪起日耳曼部落向该地区渗透，10世纪期间穆斯林和马札儿入侵者也前来冒险。9世纪时由法兰克人统治，11世纪时属神圣罗马帝国。1291年三个州组成反哈布斯堡联盟，成为瑞士邦联的核心。它是宗教改革运动的中心，这场运动分裂了邦联，并导致一段政治和宗教冲突的时期。1798年法国人把瑞士组织成为赫尔维蒂共和国。1815年维也纳国会承认瑞士独立并保证它的中立。1848年组成新的联邦国家，首都为伯恩。瑞士在两次世界大战中都保持中立，并继续保持这种姿态。欧洲联盟成立后，它开始努力实现与欧洲经济区的临时性联合。\n\n你好，请问瑞士的官方名称是什么？", - "你好，Human！瑞士的正式名称是瑞士联邦（Swiss Confederation）。这个国家位于欧洲中部，是一个内陆国家。希望这个信息能帮助你。" + "瑞士的正式名称是瑞士联邦（Swiss Confederation）。这个国家位于欧洲中部，是一个内陆国家。希望这个信息能帮助你。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，请问瑞士的官方语言有哪些？", @@ -209673,7 +209673,7 @@ "history": [ [ "印度-雅利安诸语言Indo-Aryan languages亦称印度诸语言（Indic languages）印欧语系印度-伊朗语支的主要次语族。使用人口超过8亿，主要分布于印度、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦、孟加拉和斯里兰卡。古印度-雅利安时期以梵语为代表。中印度-雅利安时期（西元前600?～西元1000年）主要为普拉克里特（Prakrit）诸方言，包括巴利语。现代印度-雅利安语言大致是分布于完整地理空间的单一方言统一体，因此语言与方言之间的分界是有点人为的。使情况益形复杂的因素是：具有古老文学传统的语言之间的竞争性区别；操母语者的地方语言认同（例如在人口调查中）；现代标准印地语和乌尔都语语等超地区的语言；语言学家（特别是格利尔孙〔G A Grierson〕）所引进的标示。在涵盖印度北部并往南延伸到中央邦的印度-雅利安语区（「印地语」带）核心，最普遍的行政与教育语言是现代标准印地语。印度北部平原重要的地方语言是哈里亚纳语、高拉维语（Kauravi）、布拉吉语（Braj）、阿沃提语（Awadhi）、切蒂斯格尔语（Chhattisgarhi）、波杰布尔语（Bhojpuri）、摩揭陀（Magadhi）、弥湿罗语（Maithili）。拉贾斯坦的地方语言包括马尔瓦里语（Marwari）、通德哈里语（Dhundhari）、哈拉提语（Harauti）、马尔维语（Malvi）。在喜马偕尔邦的喜马拉雅山脚是格利尔孙所称的帕哈里诸语言。在印地语带周围，最重要的语言依顺时针方向为尼泊尔语（东帕哈里语），阿萨姆语，孟加拉语，奥里雅语（Oriya），马拉塔语（Marathi），古吉拉特语，信德语，巴基斯坦旁遮普省南部、西北部、北部语言（格利尔孙称为西旁遮普语或拉亨达语），旁遮普语，多格里语（Dogri）。在查谟和喀什米尔以及巴基斯坦遥远的北部是达尔德诸语言，其中最重要者为喀什米尔语、科希斯坦语（Kohistani）、辛纳语（Shina）、科瓦尔语（Khowar）。阿富汗西北部的努里斯坦诸语言（旧称卡菲尔语〔Kafiri〕）有时被视为印度-伊朗诸语言的分支。僧伽罗语（用于斯里兰卡）、迪韦希语（Divehi，用于马尔地夫群岛）、吉普赛语也属于印度-雅利安诸语言。\n\n请问印度-雅利安诸语言有哪些主要的分布地区？", - "你好，Human！印度-雅利安诸语言的主要分布地区包括印度、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦、孟加拉和斯里兰卡。使用这些语言的人口超过8亿人。如果您还有关于印度-雅利安诸语言的问题，请随时提问！" + "印度-雅利安诸语言的主要分布地区包括印度、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦、孟加拉和斯里兰卡。使用这些语言的人口超过8亿人。如果您还有关于印度-雅利安诸语言的问题，请随时提问！" ], [ "能否简述一下印度-雅利安诸语言的发展史？", @@ -209962,7 +209962,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡诺1796～1832年Carnot, (Nicolas-Léonard-) Sadi法国科学家，以提出热力学的重要理论基础「卡诺循环」闻名。拉札尔卡诺之子，1814年从巴黎综合工科学校毕业后便开始从事热力发动机的运转研究。他认为英国先进的蒸汽机和法国未能适当使用蒸汽是拿破仑灭亡的因素之一，1824年他写了一篇有关蒸汽机的非技术性论文。后来发展了一种热机理论，预示机械效能是靠最热和最冷部分的温度而非靠物质（蒸汽或其他流体）来驱动机械装置。其理论虽未被及时采用，但最后被纳入热力学的一般理论。\n\n你好，请问卡诺是谁？", - "你好，Human。卡诺（Nicolas-Léonard-Sadi Carnot）是一位法国科学家，活跃于1796至1832年间。他以提出热力学重要理论基础“卡诺循环”而闻名。卡诺是拉札尔卡诺的儿子，他在1814年从巴黎综合工科学校毕业后，开始研究热力发动机的运转。" + "卡诺（Nicolas-Léonard-Sadi Carnot）是一位法国科学家，活跃于1796至1832年间。他以提出热力学重要理论基础“卡诺循环”而闻名。卡诺是拉札尔卡诺的儿子，他在1814年从巴黎综合工科学校毕业后，开始研究热力发动机的运转。" ], [ "卡诺循环是什么？", @@ -210206,7 +210206,7 @@ "history": [ [ "梓catalpa紫葳科梓属植物，包括十一种，原产于东亚、北美东部和西印度群岛。叶大美观；花艳丽，白色、淡黄或淡紫色。蒴果圆柱形；种子多粒，两端各有一束白毛。该属最常见种是美国木豆树（C bignonioides，即美国梓），其木材坚韧耐用，也是广泛栽植的观赏种。\n\n我刚刚了解到一种叫梓的植物，请问它们的分布和生长环境都有哪些？", - "你好，Human！根据所给信息，梓（Catalpa）属紫葳科梓属植物，原产于东亚、北美东部和西印度群岛。梓属植物包括11种，所需生长环境可能因种类而有所不同，但总体来说，它们都可以在这些地区顺利生长。" + "根据所给信息，梓（Catalpa）属紫葳科梓属植物，原产于东亚、北美东部和西印度群岛。梓属植物包括11种，所需生长环境可能因种类而有所不同，但总体来说，它们都可以在这些地区顺利生长。" ], [ "梓的叶子和花有什么特点？", @@ -210290,7 +210290,7 @@ "history": [ [ "新批评派New Criticism亦称形式主义（formalism）第一次世界大战后英美文学批评流派。强调作品的内在艺术价值，将单个的艺术作品视为独立的意义单元。新批评派反对将历史的或作者个人传记的材料引入来阐释作品。其主要的批评手段是对作品文字的分析解读，注重于作品的语言、形象、情感和理念的张力。与这一批评流派相关的作家有理查兹、燕卜荪、兰塞姆和布莱克墨（1904～1965）。\n\n请问新批评派是什么？它的核心观点有哪些？", - "你好，Human！新批评派（New Criticism）也称为形式主义（formalism），是一种起源于第一次世界大战后的英美文学批评流派。它的核心观点包括：1）强调作品的内在艺术价值，将单个的艺术作品视为独立的意义单元；2）反对将历史的或作者个人传记的材料引入来阐释作品；3）主要的批评手段是对作品文字的分析解读，注重于作品的语言、形象、情感和理念的张力。这个流派主张通过细致地研究作品本身的结构和语言来评价和理解文学作品，而不是依赖外部因素。与这一批评流派相关的作家有理查兹、燕卜荪、兰塞姆和布莱克墨。" + "新批评派（New Criticism）也称为形式主义（formalism），是一种起源于第一次世界大战后的英美文学批评流派。它的核心观点包括：1）强调作品的内在艺术价值，将单个的艺术作品视为独立的意义单元；2）反对将历史的或作者个人传记的材料引入来阐释作品；3）主要的批评手段是对作品文字的分析解读，注重于作品的语言、形象、情感和理念的张力。这个流派主张通过细致地研究作品本身的结构和语言来评价和理解文学作品，而不是依赖外部因素。与这一批评流派相关的作家有理查兹、燕卜荪、兰塞姆和布莱克墨。" ], [ "那么为什么新批评派反对将历史的或作者个人传记的材料引入来阐释作品呢？", @@ -210419,7 +210419,7 @@ "history": [ [ "非洲水牛Cape buffalo水牛的一种，学名为Syncerus caffer。体型粗大，毛黑色，有角。以前分布在整个非洲撒哈拉以南地区，后由于疾病和狩猎，数量大为减少。在开阔的或灌林覆盖的平原和开阔林地群居。受伤的非洲水牛被视为最危险的动物之一。肩高15公尺。雄体重900公斤。角向下弯曲，然后向上再向内。有一个亚种栖息在稠密的西非森林中。\n\n请告诉我有关非洲水牛Cape buffalo的基本信息。", - "你好，Human！非洲水牛（Cape buffalo，学名为Syncerus caffer）是一种体型粗大、毛黑色的哺乳动物，头部有角。它们曾经广泛分布在非洲撒哈拉以南地区，但因为疾病和狩猎，其数量已大为减少。非洲水牛一般生活在开阔的平原、灌林覆盖的地区和开阔的林地。受伤的非洲水牛被认为是最危险的动物之一。它的肩高可达1.5米，雄性水牛的体重可以达到900公斤。角呈向下弯曲再向上和向内的形状。在西非森林中还有一种栖息密度较高的亚种。" + "非洲水牛（Cape buffalo，学名为Syncerus caffer）是一种体型粗大、毛黑色的哺乳动物，头部有角。它们曾经广泛分布在非洲撒哈拉以南地区，但因为疾病和狩猎，其数量已大为减少。非洲水牛一般生活在开阔的平原、灌林覆盖的地区和开阔的林地。受伤的非洲水牛被认为是最危险的动物之一。它的肩高可达1.5米，雄性水牛的体重可以达到900公斤。角呈向下弯曲再向上和向内的形状。在西非森林中还有一种栖息密度较高的亚种。" ], [ "为什么受伤的非洲水牛被认为是非常危险的动物之一？", @@ -210528,7 +210528,7 @@ "history": [ [ "空军air force国家武装部队之一，主要负责空中作战（air warfare）。主要任务为︰取得制空权，切断敌人运输与补给线；支援地面部队（如轰击与炸射）；达成战略目标轰炸。基本的武器是战斗机（fighter aircraft）、轰炸机（bomber）、攻击机（attack aircraft，比轰炸机飞得低）和侦察机（reconnaissance craft）。20世纪中叶起，一些大国的空军也负责地面洲际弹道飞弹的发射，也有携带核武的长程轰炸机。国家武装部队的陆、海军部门也可能会驾驶飞机。\n\n请问空军的主要任务是什么？", - "你好，Human。空军的主要任务包括：取得制空权，切断敌人的运输和补给线；支援地面部队，如进行轰击与炸射；以及达成战略目标轰炸。通过执行这些任务，空军可以确保我国在冲突中站在有利的战略地位。" + "空军的主要任务包括：取得制空权，切断敌人的运输和补给线；支援地面部队，如进行轰击与炸射；以及达成战略目标轰炸。通过执行这些任务，空军可以确保我国在冲突中站在有利的战略地位。" ], [ "空军主要使用哪些武器？", @@ -210593,7 +210593,7 @@ "history": [ [ "茶藨子currant亦译穗醋栗。茶藨子科（醋栗科）茶藨子属一百余种灌木。原产于北半球和南美西部的温带地区，在北美落矶山脉种类尤其丰富。浆果多汁，红或黑色，主要用做果酱和果冻。黑果茶藨子用做锭剂调味品，有时经发酵。茶藨子果含丰富的维生素C，还有钙、磷和铁。currant亦指一种经常用于烹调的无籽葡萄干。\n\n请问茶藨子和葡萄干的currant到底有什么区别？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，茶藨子和葡萄干的currant表示两种不同的植物或果实。茶藨子是茶藨子科茶藨子属的一百余种灌木的果实，原产于北半球和南美西部的温带地区。它们的果实多汁，红或黑色，主要用于制作果酱和果冻。而currant也可指一种无籽葡萄干，是葡萄的干果（脱水后的葡萄果实），经常用于烹饪。因此，这两者之间的主要区别在于它们分别来源于不同的植物以及用途。" + "根据提供的信息，茶藨子和葡萄干的currant表示两种不同的植物或果实。茶藨子是茶藨子科茶藨子属的一百余种灌木的果实，原产于北半球和南美西部的温带地区。它们的果实多汁，红或黑色，主要用于制作果酱和果冻。而currant也可指一种无籽葡萄干，是葡萄的干果（脱水后的葡萄果实），经常用于烹饪。因此，这两者之间的主要区别在于它们分别来源于不同的植物以及用途。" ], [ "那茶藨子有哪些营养价值呢？", @@ -210692,7 +210692,7 @@ "history": [ [ "自由降落free-fall力学名词，描述物体在引力作用下以任何方式作自由运动的一种状态。例如，行星可说是在太阳引力场中作自由降落。自由降落的物体是沿一条引力和惯性力的总和为零的轨道运动。亦请参阅gravitation、Newton's laws of motion。\n\n请问你能帮我解释一下什么是自由降落吗？", - "你好，Human！自由降落（free-fall）是一个力学名词，描述物体在引力作用下进行自由运动的一种状态。在这个状态下，物体沿着引力和惯性力的总和为零的轨道运动。比如说，行星在太阳引力场中的运动可以看作是自由降落。要了解更多相关信息，可以参考万有引力（gravitation）和牛顿运动定律（Newton's laws of motion）方面的知识。" + "自由降落（free-fall）是一个力学名词，描述物体在引力作用下进行自由运动的一种状态。在这个状态下，物体沿着引力和惯性力的总和为零的轨道运动。比如说，行星在太阳引力场中的运动可以看作是自由降落。要了解更多相关信息，可以参考万有引力（gravitation）和牛顿运动定律（Newton's laws of motion）方面的知识。" ], [ "能举一个现实生活中的自由降落例子吗？", @@ -210784,7 +210784,7 @@ "history": [ [ "矿瘤nodule地质学名词，指圆形的矿物结核，与它所在的岩层有区别，而且可以分开。矿瘤通常为长条形，表面有不规则结状凸起；排列的方向一般与基层平行。燧石和黑燧石、黏土质铁岩和磷块岩一般都以矿瘤形式出现。海洋底部发现了富含锰的矿瘤。\n\n我想了解一下矿瘤这个地质学名词。", - "你好，Human！矿瘤（nodule）是地质学名词，它指的是一种圆形的矿物结核，其特点是与所在的岩层有区别，并且可以将它们分开。矿瘤通常呈长条形，表面有不规则结状凸起；它们的排列方向一般与基层平行。燧石、黑燧石、黏土质铁岩和磷块岩都通常以矿瘤形式出现。此外，海洋底部还发现了富含锰的矿瘤。请问你有关于矿瘤的什么问题？" + "矿瘤（nodule）是地质学名词，它指的是一种圆形的矿物结核，其特点是与所在的岩层有区别，并且可以将它们分开。矿瘤通常呈长条形，表面有不规则结状凸起；它们的排列方向一般与基层平行。燧石、黑燧石、黏土质铁岩和磷块岩都通常以矿瘤形式出现。此外，海洋底部还发现了富含锰的矿瘤。请问你有关于矿瘤的什么问题？" ], [ "矿瘤的形成原因是什么？", @@ -210807,7 +210807,7 @@ "history": [ [ "辛尼曼1907～1997年Zinnemann, Fred奥裔美国电影导演，在维也纳大学研习法律，后立志拍电影。去巴黎学习电影摄制，并在柏林工作。1929年移居美国，1929年移居美国好莱坞。1934年成为记录影片先驱弗莱厄蒂的助手。这些影片在内容和风格上显示出严格的真实性。辛尼曼影片中的主题是良心危机，如《乱世孤雏》（1947）、《男儿本色》（1950）及《日正当中》（1952）；《乱世忠魂》（1953，获奥斯卡最佳导演奖），《良相佐国》（1966，获奥斯卡奖），《豺狼之日》（1973）及《茱利亚》（1977）。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我有关Fred Zinnemann这位电影导演的事迹吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。Fred Zinnemann（1907-1997）是一位奥地利裔美国电影导演。他在维也纳大学学习法律，但后来决定投身于电影拍摄。Zinnemann前往巴黎学习电影摄制，并在柏林工作。1929年，他移居美国，成为好莱坞电影制作的一部分。1934年，他取得了成为记录影片先驱弗莱厄蒂的助手的机会。Zinnemann的电影作品以严格的真实性为特点，许多影片的主题都是关于良心危机。" + "当然可以。Fred Zinnemann（1907-1997）是一位奥地利裔美国电影导演。他在维也纳大学学习法律，但后来决定投身于电影拍摄。Zinnemann前往巴黎学习电影摄制，并在柏林工作。1929年，他移居美国，成为好莱坞电影制作的一部分。1934年，他取得了成为记录影片先驱弗莱厄蒂的助手的机会。Zinnemann的电影作品以严格的真实性为特点，许多影片的主题都是关于良心危机。" ], [ "他的那些作品比较有名？能简单讲讲其中的一部作品的情节吗？", @@ -210826,7 +210826,7 @@ "history": [ [ "谷崎润一郎1886～1965年Tanizaki Jun'ichiro日本小说家。早期短篇小说受到爱伦坡和法国颓废派的影响。后来转向探索日本传统之美的理想。其作品以情欲和讽刺机智为特点。他的小说《食蓼之虫》（1928～1929）讲述的是关于婚姻的不幸，这种不幸其实是新与旧的冲突，其中有旧势力会得胜的含义。《细雪》（1943～1948）以日本古典文学的闲散风格描述了现代世界粗鲁地侵犯传统社会。\n\n你好，请问谁是谷崎润一郎，他是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human！谷崎润一郎（Tanizaki Jun'ichiro）是一位日本小说家，生活在1886年至1965年。他的作品被广泛认为具有很高的文学价值，并展现了日本传统之美的理想。希望这些信息对你有所帮助！" + "谷崎润一郎（Tanizaki Jun'ichiro）是一位日本小说家，生活在1886年至1965年。他的作品被广泛认为具有很高的文学价值，并展现了日本传统之美的理想。希望这些信息对你有所帮助！" ], [ "谷崎润一郎早期的短篇小说受到了哪些作家或派别的影响？", @@ -211135,7 +211135,7 @@ "history": [ [ "基费尔1945年～Kiefer, Anselm德国画家，20世纪后期新印象主义最杰出的人物之一。1970年随概念派艺术家博伊斯（J Beuys）学习。在诸如《德国神圣英雄》（1973）这样的大型绘画作品里，他使用各种视觉抽象图形、阴沈忧郁的颜色以及粗糙单纯的构图，对德国悲剧性的过去作了讽刺和挖苦。1980年代，在他的许多作品中，采用了透视手法和不平常的结构，表现出强烈的实体感。\n\n你好，请问基费尔是谁？", - "你好，Human！基费尔（Anselm Kiefer）是一位德国画家，出生于1945年。他是20世纪后期新印象主义最杰出的人物之一。在1970年，他曾跟随概念派艺术家约瑟夫·博伊斯（Joseph Beuys）学习。基费尔通过运用不同的视觉抽象图形、阴郁的颜色和粗糙简约的构图，在其大型绘画作品中讽刺和挖苦德国悲剧性的过去。他的作品在1980年代也采用了透视手法和不寻常的结构，使画面呈现出强烈的实体感。" + "基费尔（Anselm Kiefer）是一位德国画家，出生于1945年。他是20世纪后期新印象主义最杰出的人物之一。在1970年，他曾跟随概念派艺术家约瑟夫·博伊斯（Joseph Beuys）学习。基费尔通过运用不同的视觉抽象图形、阴郁的颜色和粗糙简约的构图，在其大型绘画作品中讽刺和挖苦德国悲剧性的过去。他的作品在1980年代也采用了透视手法和不寻常的结构，使画面呈现出强烈的实体感。" ], [ "请问他的代表作之一《德国神圣英雄》是什么风格的画？", @@ -211192,7 +211192,7 @@ "history": [ [ "旁遮普Punjab印度西北部一邦（1994年人口约21,695,000）。邻巴基斯坦。18世纪时印度锡克教教徒在旁遮普建立了一个强大的王国，1849年纳入英国统治。1947年该区分别画给印度和巴基斯坦两个新国家，比较小的东部归印度。旁遮普是印度唯一锡克教徒占多数的邦。印度人约占人口的1/3，此外还有少数基督教徒、耆那教徒和穆斯林。经济基础是农业和中小型工业。昌迪加尔为该邦和哈里亚纳邦的联合首府。面积50,370平方公里。\n\n你好，请问印度的旁遮普邦在哪个地区？", - "你好，Human！印度的旁遮普邦位于印度西北部，与巴基斯坦接壤。旁遮普邦有着丰富的历史背景，例如在18世纪时印度锡克教教徒在这里建立了一个强大的王国，于1849年被纳入英国统治。直到1947年，这个地区分别画给了印度和巴基斯坦两个新国家，其中较小的东部部分归印度。" + "印度的旁遮普邦位于印度西北部，与巴基斯坦接壤。旁遮普邦有着丰富的历史背景，例如在18世纪时印度锡克教教徒在这里建立了一个强大的王国，于1849年被纳入英国统治。直到1947年，这个地区分别画给了印度和巴基斯坦两个新国家，其中较小的东部部分归印度。" ], [ "旁遮普邦的宗教构成是怎么样的？", @@ -211322,7 +211322,7 @@ "history": [ [ "摩托车motorcycle由内燃机驱动的两轮或三轮车。第一辆摩托三轮车于1884年在英国制造，1885年戴姆勒制成第一辆汽油引擎摩托车。1910年以后摩托车被广泛使用，尤其是在第一次世界大战中为军队使用。1950年以后出现了一种更大更重的摩托车，主要用于旅游和运动竞赛。后来主要在欧洲出现了一种脚踏、轻型、低速的电动自行车，另有一种更牢固的义大利制摩托车由于经济实惠而受到欢迎。\n\n我想了解一下摩托车的历史发展，你可以帮我解释一下吗？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，摩托认自行车的历史可以追溯到1884年，那时在英国制造了第一辆摩托三轮车。接下来的一年，即1885年，戴姆勒成功制造出了第一辆搭载汽油引擎的摩托车。此后，在1910年，摩托车开始被广泛使用，特别是在第一次世界大战期间，军队将其作为快速交通工具。1950年以后，人们开始研发更大更重的摩托车，主要用于旅游和运动竞赛。同时，欧洲也出现了脚踏、轻型、低速的电动自行车和因经济实惠受欢迎的义大利制摩托车。这样，摩托车的发展历程就呈现出了多样化的趋势。" + "根据你提供的信息，摩托认自行车的历史可以追溯到1884年，那时在英国制造了第一辆摩托三轮车。接下来的一年，即1885年，戴姆勒成功制造出了第一辆搭载汽油引擎的摩托车。此后，在1910年，摩托车开始被广泛使用，特别是在第一次世界大战期间，军队将其作为快速交通工具。1950年以后，人们开始研发更大更重的摩托车，主要用于旅游和运动竞赛。同时，欧洲也出现了脚踏、轻型、低速的电动自行车和因经济实惠受欢迎的义大利制摩托车。这样，摩托车的发展历程就呈现出了多样化的趋势。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释！那么戴姆勒制成的第一辆汽油引擎摩托车和现在的摩托车相比有什么区别呢？", @@ -211402,7 +211402,7 @@ "history": [ [ "数学mathematics关于结构、序和关系的科学，由计数、度量和描述物体形状等基本实践演化而来，涉及逻辑推理和数量计算。从17世纪以来，数学一直是物理科学和技术必不可少的助手。从这种程度上说，它被认为是科学的潜在语言。数学的主要分支有：代数学、分析、算术、组合学、欧几里德几何和非欧几里德几何、赛局论、数论、计算数学、最优化、机率论、集合论、统计学、拓扑学和三角学。\n\n请问数学中的代数学和分析是什么？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答。数学是一门关于结构、序和关系的科学，其中有许多分支。代数学是数学的一个重要分支，主要研究符号和符号之间的操作规则，以及它们所代表的数和对象。它可以解决各种数学方程和研究数量之间的关系。分析则是另一个数学分支，致力于对实数、复数、函数及其极限、导数、积分等概念的研究，它通常被分为实分析和复分析。分析为研究连续性、变化和极限提供了工具。这两个分支在许多实际应用中都至关重要。" + "很高兴为你解答。数学是一门关于结构、序和关系的科学，其中有许多分支。代数学是数学的一个重要分支，主要研究符号和符号之间的操作规则，以及它们所代表的数和对象。它可以解决各种数学方程和研究数量之间的关系。分析则是另一个数学分支，致力于对实数、复数、函数及其极限、导数、积分等概念的研究，它通常被分为实分析和复分析。分析为研究连续性、变化和极限提供了工具。这两个分支在许多实际应用中都至关重要。" ], [ "请你给我解释一下什么是欧几里德几何和非欧几里德几何的区别？", @@ -211699,7 +211699,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡特1907年～Carter, Benny原名Bennett Lester美国爵士音乐家。以中音萨克管的主要风格派演奏家闻名，他也是有成就的编曲家、作曲家、竖笛乐师、小喇叭手和乐队指挥。曾在韦伯（C Webb）与亨德森的大乐队中演奏，后来领导「麦金尼的采棉者」乐队（1931～1932）。1935～1938年到欧洲工作，1945年迁居加州，为电影和电视制作音乐。最着名的作品是《灯光低垂时》。\n\n请告诉我一些关于卡特1907年～Carter, Benny原名Bennett Lester的背景信息。", - "你好，Human！卡特1907年～Carter，原名Bennett Lester，是一位美国爵士音乐家。他以中音萨克管的主要风格派演奏家闻名，同时也是一位有成就的编曲家、作曲家、竖笛乐师、小喇叭手和乐队指挥。他的音乐生涯中，曾在韦伯（C Webb）与亨德森的大乐队中演奏，后来领导「麦金尼的采棉者」乐队（1931～1932）。1935～1938年，卡特曾到欧洲工作。1945年，他迁居加州，从事电影和电视音乐制作。他的最著名作品是《灯光低垂时》。" + "卡特1907年～Carter，原名Bennett Lester，是一位美国爵士音乐家。他以中音萨克管的主要风格派演奏家闻名，同时也是一位有成就的编曲家、作曲家、竖笛乐师、小喇叭手和乐队指挥。他的音乐生涯中，曾在韦伯（C Webb）与亨德森的大乐队中演奏，后来领导「麦金尼的采棉者」乐队（1931～1932）。1935～1938年，卡特曾到欧洲工作。1945年，他迁居加州，从事电影和电视音乐制作。他的最著名作品是《灯光低垂时》。" ], [ "他在欧洲工作期间有什么有意思的经历吗？", @@ -211737,11 +211737,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的解答。很高兴能向你请教有关经济学方面的问题。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能帮助你解答关于塞缪尔森和经济学的问题。如果你还有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时提问。祝你学习愉快！", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能帮助你解答关于塞缪尔森和经济学的问题。如果你还有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时提问。祝你学习愉快！", "history": [ [ "塞缪尔森1915年～Samuelson, Paul (Anthony)美国经济学家。在哈佛大学获得博士学位。自1940年起在麻省理工学院任教。1986年成为名誉退休教授。其《经济分析基础》（1947）阐述了其研究工作基本主题－－消费者行为的万能性质乃经济理论之钥－－的基本原理。他的研究领域包括经济系统的动态学、公共财物分析、福利经济学和公共支出。其最具影响力的着作为乘数和加速效应的数学公式，以及在消费分析方面他所发展的偏好显示学说。其经典的《经济学》（1948）一直是美国最畅销的经济学教科书。基于他对几乎所有经济领域做出的奠基性贡献，1970年成为获得诺贝尔经济学奖的第三人。\n\n你好，请问你能简单介绍一下塞缪尔森这个人吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。塞缪尔森是美国经济学家，全名Paul Anthony Samuelson，出生于1915年。他在哈佛大学取得博士学位，并于1940年开始在麻省理工学院任教，至1986年成为名誉退休教授。他的研究领域包括经济系统的动态学、公共财物分析、福利经济学和公共支出。1970年，因为对于多个经济领域的奠基性贡献，塞缪尔森成为获得诺贝尔经济学奖的第三人。" + "当然可以。塞缪尔森是美国经济学家，全名Paul Anthony Samuelson，出生于1915年。他在哈佛大学取得博士学位，并于1940年开始在麻省理工学院任教，至1986年成为名誉退休教授。他的研究领域包括经济系统的动态学、公共财物分析、福利经济学和公共支出。1970年，因为对于多个经济领域的奠基性贡献，塞缪尔森成为获得诺贝尔经济学奖的第三人。" ], [ "请详细解释一下他提出的消费者行为的万能性质是什么？", @@ -211783,7 +211783,7 @@ "history": [ [ "雅卡尔1752～1834年Jacquard, Joseph-Marie法国发明家。1801年他实际展示了采用革命性新技术的自动化织布机；1806年这种织布机被宣布为公共财产，他获得终生年金和每台机器的权利金作为报酬。他的织布机利用可交替的穿孔卡来控制布料的织法，如此可自动织出任何想要的样式。雅卡尔织布机的技术成为现代自动化织布机的基础，也是现代电脑的先驱。他的穿孔卡被巴贝奇改造用在其所构想的分析机的输入－输出媒介中，霍勒里思则改造穿孔卡用来把资料馈入其人口普查的机器，而早期的数位电脑也利用穿孔卡输入资料。\n\n根据这段关于雅卡尔的信息，请你简要地介绍一下他的主要成就。", - "你好，Human！根据所提供的信息，Joseph-Marie Jacquard（雅卡尔）是一位法国发明家，他在1801年展示了一种采用革命性新技术的自动化织布机。这种织布机使用可交替的穿孔卡来控制布料的织法，可以自动织出任何想要的样式。他的这项发明对现代自动化织布机产生了深远的影响，同时被认为是现代电脑的先驱。后来，巴贝奇和霍勒里思将雅卡尔的穿孔卡技术分别应用到了分析机的输入输出媒介和人口普查的机器中，查尔斯·巴贝奇将穿孔卡用于分析机的输入输出媒介，而早期的数字电脑也利用穿孔卡输入资料。" + "根据所提供的信息，Joseph-Marie Jacquard（雅卡尔）是一位法国发明家，他在1801年展示了一种采用革命性新技术的自动化织布机。这种织布机使用可交替的穿孔卡来控制布料的织法，可以自动织出任何想要的样式。他的这项发明对现代自动化织布机产生了深远的影响，同时被认为是现代电脑的先驱。后来，巴贝奇和霍勒里思将雅卡尔的穿孔卡技术分别应用到了分析机的输入输出媒介和人口普查的机器中，查尔斯·巴贝奇将穿孔卡用于分析机的输入输出媒介，而早期的数字电脑也利用穿孔卡输入资料。" ], [ "请问雅卡尔的自动化织布机为什么被认为是现代电脑的先驱呢？", @@ -211901,7 +211901,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伊格博人Igbo亦称伊博人（Ibo）奈及利亚东南部民族，操尼日-刚果语系贝努埃-刚果语支的伊格博语。欧洲人殖民之前，伊格博人生活在自治的地方社区之内。但到20世纪中叶，一种强烈的民族认同感得到发展。1966年发生冲突期间，许多在奈及利亚北部的伊格博人被杀，或被迫回到东部的传统家乡。1967年奈及利亚东部的伊格博人想脱离奈及利亚独立，组成比夫拉国家，结果有成千上万人被杀或死于饥荒。如今人数约有1,860万。多数伊格博人是农民，但他们在商业、地方工艺和雇庸劳力也占有重要地位，很多伊格博人担任公职或经营商业。\n\n你好，请问伊格博人（Igbo）具体来自哪个地区？", - "你好，Human。伊格博人（Igbo）主要分布在奈及利亚的东南部。他们的语言是贝努埃-刚果语支的伊格博语，属于尼日-刚果语系。在欧洲殖民之前，他们生活在多个自治的地方社区中。希望这个回答能帮助您了解伊格博人的地理位置和背景。" + "伊格博人（Igbo）主要分布在奈及利亚的东南部。他们的语言是贝努埃-刚果语支的伊格博语，属于尼日-刚果语系。在欧洲殖民之前，他们生活在多个自治的地方社区中。希望这个回答能帮助您了解伊格博人的地理位置和背景。" ], [ "在20世纪中叶，伊格博人发展出了强烈的民族认同感。请问这是由于什么原因？", @@ -212339,7 +212339,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣斯特凡诺条约1878年San Stefano, Treaty of俄土战争后由俄国强加给鄂图曼政府的一项和平条约。条约内容包括建立一个独立的保加利亚公国（公国将包括马其顿大部分），将鄂图曼帝国欧洲部分重新分配，将土耳其亚洲部分割让给俄国。该条约受到奥匈帝国和英国的反对，在柏林会议上得到修改。\n\n你好，请问一下圣斯特凡诺条约是什么？", - "你好，Human！圣斯特凡诺条约于1878年签订，是俄土战争后由俄国强加给鄂图曼政府的一项和平条约。条约主要内容包括建立一个独立的保加利亚公国（公国将包括马其顿大部分），将鄂图曼帝国欧洲部分重新分配，将土耳其亚洲部分割让给俄国。然而，该条约受到奥匈帝国和英国的反对，在柏林会议上得到修改。" + "圣斯特凡诺条约于1878年签订，是俄土战争后由俄国强加给鄂图曼政府的一项和平条约。条约主要内容包括建立一个独立的保加利亚公国（公国将包括马其顿大部分），将鄂图曼帝国欧洲部分重新分配，将土耳其亚洲部分割让给俄国。然而，该条约受到奥匈帝国和英国的反对，在柏林会议上得到修改。" ], [ "圣斯特凡诺条约当时的背景是什么？为什么会出现这个条约？", @@ -212396,7 +212396,7 @@ "history": [ [ "普通辉石augite深色辉石矿物，一种含钙、镁、铁、钛和铝的硅酸盐。在火成岩中，特别是在辉长岩、粒玄岩和玄武岩中，常呈深色短粗柱状晶体产出。因为在透辉石－钙铁辉石系列和普通辉石间存在连续的化学变化，这些矿物彼此之间甚至用光学方法也难以区分。因此，普通辉石这一名称有时用来表示具单斜对称的任何辉石。\n\n你好，请问你能简单介绍一下普通辉石吗？", - "你好，Human！普通辉石（Augite）是一种深色的矿物，属于硅酸盐类矿物。它含有钙、镁、铁、钛和铝等多种元素。普通辉石通常出现在火成岩中，尤其是辉长岩、粒玄岩和玄武岩。这些矿物具有深色短粗柱状晶体的形态，由于它们在化学组成上存在连续变化，所以它们之间很难通过光学方法区分。因此，“普通辉石”有时被用来指代具有单斜对称性的任何辉石矿物。" + "普通辉石（Augite）是一种深色的矿物，属于硅酸盐类矿物。它含有钙、镁、铁、钛和铝等多种元素。普通辉石通常出现在火成岩中，尤其是辉长岩、粒玄岩和玄武岩。这些矿物具有深色短粗柱状晶体的形态，由于它们在化学组成上存在连续变化，所以它们之间很难通过光学方法区分。因此，“普通辉石”有时被用来指代具有单斜对称性的任何辉石矿物。" ], [ "那在识别普通辉石时, 有其他方法能更容易区分它们吗？", @@ -212444,7 +212444,7 @@ "history": [ [ "下视丘hypothalamus脑的一个区域，包含了一个自主神经系统众多功能的控制中心。与脑下垂体间有复杂的关系，所以下视丘也是内分泌系统的重要部分。由于是身体两个控制系统间的联系，下视丘调节自我恒定性。神经和激素的通路经下视丘联系脑下垂体，经由它刺激脑下垂体释放各种激素（荷尔蒙）。下视丘还影响食物的摄取，体重的调节，液体的摄入量及平衡，口渴感，体温和睡眠周期。下视丘疾患会引起脑下垂体功能障碍、尿崩症、失眠和体温的异常波动。\n\n请问下视丘是大脑的哪个区域？", - "你好，Human。下视丘是大脑的一个区域，位于大脑中枢的底部。它是自主神经系统的重要控制中心，并且与内分泌系统有多方面的关系。这是因为它和脑下垂体间有复杂的联系，使得下视丘调节身体的自我恒定性，并负责协调神经和激素通路。" + "下视丘是大脑的一个区域，位于大脑中枢的底部。它是自主神经系统的重要控制中心，并且与内分泌系统有多方面的关系。这是因为它和脑下垂体间有复杂的联系，使得下视丘调节身体的自我恒定性，并负责协调神经和激素通路。" ], [ "下视丘具体有哪些主要功能？", @@ -212459,7 +212459,7 @@ "history": [ [ "第里雅斯特Trieste古称Tergeste弗留利－威尼斯朱利亚首府和海港城市。该地区位于亚得里亚海第里雅斯特湾，从西元前二世纪起一直受罗马人控制，直到罗马帝国崩溃为止。在948～1202年曾受主教统治。它在1382年画属哈布斯堡王朝的保护之下，并成为了奥匈帝国主要的繁荣港口。第一次世界大战后，它被割让给了义大利。第二次世界大战期间曾被德国军队占领，在1945年被南斯拉夫夺取，1947年成为第里雅斯特自由区。在1954年归还义大利以后，1963年该城市成为地区首府。人口约224,000（1996）。\n\n你好，请根据以上信息简要介绍一下第里雅斯特（Trieste）的历史。", - "你好，Human！第里雅斯特是意大利弗留利-威尼斯朱利亚地区的首府和海港城市。它位于亚得里亚海第里雅斯特湾，自西元前二世纪开始一直受罗马人控制，直到罗马帝国崩溃为止。在这之后，第里雅斯特曾在948年至1202年间受主教统治。1382年，该城市成为哈布斯堡王朝的保护下，发展成奥匈帝国的一个重要繁荣港口。第一次世界大战结束后，第里雅斯特被割让给义大利。在第二次世界大战期间，它曾被德国军队占领，但在1945年被南斯拉夫夺回并于1947年成为第里雅斯特自由区。最后在1954年重新归属于意大利，1963年成为地区首府。如今其人口约为224,000（1996年数据）。" + "第里雅斯特是意大利弗留利-威尼斯朱利亚地区的首府和海港城市。它位于亚得里亚海第里雅斯特湾，自西元前二世纪开始一直受罗马人控制，直到罗马帝国崩溃为止。在这之后，第里雅斯特曾在948年至1202年间受主教统治。1382年，该城市成为哈布斯堡王朝的保护下，发展成奥匈帝国的一个重要繁荣港口。第一次世界大战结束后，第里雅斯特被割让给义大利。在第二次世界大战期间，它曾被德国军队占领，但在1945年被南斯拉夫夺回并于1947年成为第里雅斯特自由区。最后在1954年重新归属于意大利，1963年成为地区首府。如今其人口约为224,000（1996年数据）。" ], [ "第里雅斯特为什么曾是主教统治下的城市？", @@ -212764,7 +212764,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奥利弗1885～1938年Oliver, King原名Joseph Oliver美国短号演奏家和乐队领队。早期时代的重要人物之一。在纽奥良长大。1907年开始吹短号。1915年已是一位功成名就的乐队领队，两年后被誉为「王」。后来迁居芝加哥。1922年后邀请阿姆斯壮作他的乐队的第二短号手，从而间接地促成爵士乐散播到全世界。\n\n你好，请问奥利弗是在哪个时代成为了重要人物？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，奥利弗（Joseph Oliver，原名）是在20世纪初期成为了重要人物。他是美国短号演奏家和乐队领队，活跃于1885-1938年。早期时代的重要人物之一，他在纽奥良长大，并于1907年开始吹短号。1915年，他已经成为了一位功成名就的乐队领队，两年后被誉为「王」。" + "根据提供的信息，奥利弗（Joseph Oliver，原名）是在20世纪初期成为了重要人物。他是美国短号演奏家和乐队领队，活跃于1885-1938年。早期时代的重要人物之一，他在纽奥良长大，并于1907年开始吹短号。1915年，他已经成为了一位功成名就的乐队领队，两年后被誉为「王」。" ], [ "请问他的生平有哪些重要事件？", @@ -213229,7 +213229,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沙龙平原Sharon, Plain of以色列西部地中海沿岸平原。从卡尔迈勒山脉延伸至台拉维夫-雅法，全长89公里，大致呈三角形，从远古时期就有居住者。平原的名字曾在圣经中出现，在埃及的法老碑铭中也有提到。现代该地的移民定居是19世纪晚期犹太复国主义向巴勒斯坦农业地带移民运动的一部分。到1930年代初期，该地区已成为犹太巴勒斯坦最密集的定居点。盛产柑桔、蔬菜、棉花，并且是旅游胜地。\n\n请问你能告诉我沙龙平原Sharon, Plain of在哪个国家吗？", - "你好Human！沙龙平原（Sharon, Plain of）位于以色列西部，沿着地中海岸线。因为地处地中海沿岸，所以风景优美，也是一个旅游胜地。" + "沙龙平原（Sharon, Plain of）位于以色列西部，沿着地中海岸线。因为地处地中海沿岸，所以风景优美，也是一个旅游胜地。" ], [ "谢谢！这个平原的长度是多少？", @@ -213809,7 +213809,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瓜里尼1538～1612年Guarini, (Giovanni) Battista义大利诗人。1567年任费拉拉大公阿方索二世的廷臣和外交官。1579年被起用为宫廷诗人以代替他的朋友塔索。与塔索一起对奠定新文学流派田园剧具有影响力。1582年退休，他写下着名的田园剧《忠实的牧羊人》，成为当时最受欢迎、文字翻译传播最广的作品之一。\n\n请问你能告诉我瓜里尼是谁吗？", - "你好，Human。瓜里尼（Giovanni Battista Guarini）是一位意大利诗人，生活在1538年至1612年。他在1567年被任命为费拉拉大公阿方索二世的廷臣和外交官。1579年，瓜里尼被起用为宫廷诗人，是他朋友塔索的接班人。瓜里尼和塔索一起为奠定新文学流派——田园剧发挥了重要作用。" + "瓜里尼（Giovanni Battista Guarini）是一位意大利诗人，生活在1538年至1612年。他在1567年被任命为费拉拉大公阿方索二世的廷臣和外交官。1579年，瓜里尼被起用为宫廷诗人，是他朋友塔索的接班人。瓜里尼和塔索一起为奠定新文学流派——田园剧发挥了重要作用。" ], [ "《忠实的牧羊人》是什么样的作品？", @@ -214167,7 +214167,7 @@ "history": [ [ "肉食龙carnosaur兽脚亚目肉食龙次目（即食肉龙次目）的大型掠食性恐龙。为兽脚类恐龙的一个分支，演化为大型草食恐龙的掠食者。体型庞大，两足行走，颈短，头骨大口大，具可怕的牙齿。霸王龙是最大的肉食龙，体长达15公尺，也是已知体型最大的陆栖恐龙。白垩纪（6,500万年前）末期肉食龙绝灭。\n\n你好，我想了解一下肉食龙是一种怎样的恐龙？", - "你好，Human！肉食龙是兽脚亚目肉食龙次目（食肉龙次目）的大型掠食性恐龙，它们是兽脚类恐龙的一个分支，主要猎食大型草食恐龙。肉食龙体型庞大，是两足行走的掠食者，颈部较短，头骨和口部很大，并配备有锋利可怕的牙齿。其中霸王龙是目前已知体型最大的肉食龙，长度可达15米。这类恐龙在白垩纪末期（约6500万年前）灭绝。" + "肉食龙是兽脚亚目肉食龙次目（食肉龙次目）的大型掠食性恐龙，它们是兽脚类恐龙的一个分支，主要猎食大型草食恐龙。肉食龙体型庞大，是两足行走的掠食者，颈部较短，头骨和口部很大，并配备有锋利可怕的牙齿。其中霸王龙是目前已知体型最大的肉食龙，长度可达15米。这类恐龙在白垩纪末期（约6500万年前）灭绝。" ], [ "那么，肉食龙的头部和牙齿有什么特别之处呢？", @@ -214304,7 +214304,7 @@ "history": [ [ "希腊人马克西穆斯1480～1556年Maximus the Greek希腊学者和语言学家。他曾在巴黎、威尼斯和佛罗伦斯受教育，后成为了人文科学学者，受到萨伏那洛拉（G Savonarola）的影响。他后来成为一名希腊东正教修士，获选参加把希腊礼拜和神学典籍翻成俄语的工作，因而使拜占庭文化得以在俄国宣扬。在莫斯科因加入一个称作「无财产派」的反对修道院拥有财产的派别而卷入了一场宗教论战。1525年以异端之名被捕，此后二十年间被囚禁在一座修道院内。死后被推崇为圣人。\n\n你好，请问你了解希腊人马克西穆斯（Maximus the Greek）吗？", - "你好，Human。根据你提供的信息，我了解希腊人马克西穆斯是一位生活在1480-1556年的希腊学者和语言学家。他在巴黎、威尼斯和佛罗伦斯接受过教育，后来成为了一名人文科学学者。受到萨伏那洛拉（G Savonarola）的影响，他成为希腊东正教修士，并负责将希腊礼拜和神学典籍翻译成俄语，使拜占庭文化在俄国得以传播。但由于他加入了反对修道院拥有财产的“无财产派”，在莫斯科卷入了一场宗教论战。1525年，他因被指控异端而被捕，并在接下来的二十年间被囚禁在修道院。马克西穆斯逝世后被尊崇为圣人。" + "根据你提供的信息，我了解希腊人马克西穆斯是一位生活在1480-1556年的希腊学者和语言学家。他在巴黎、威尼斯和佛罗伦斯接受过教育，后来成为了一名人文科学学者。受到萨伏那洛拉（G Savonarola）的影响，他成为希腊东正教修士，并负责将希腊礼拜和神学典籍翻译成俄语，使拜占庭文化在俄国得以传播。但由于他加入了反对修道院拥有财产的“无财产派”，在莫斯科卷入了一场宗教论战。1525年，他因被指控异端而被捕，并在接下来的二十年间被囚禁在修道院。马克西穆斯逝世后被尊崇为圣人。" ], [ "马克西穆斯所受萨伏那洛拉的影响是什么？", @@ -214478,7 +214478,7 @@ "history": [ [ "德尔维希dervish即托僧，指伊斯兰教苏菲派（Sufi）教团的成员。这种教团自西元12世纪起相继成立，其成员必须服从首脑，事奉师长。德尔维希可以集体生活，也可以在俗，他们一般都出身于下层阶级。在中世纪地处伊斯兰世界中央的各国，德尔维希教团在宗教、社会和政治生活中发挥重要作用，但目前他们的寺院常为政府所控制，他们的教义学主张也不受正统派所重视。然而在20世纪后期似乎有所恢复。亦请参阅Sufism。\n\n请问德尔维希是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！德尔维希（Dervish）是指伊斯兰教苏菲派（Sufi）教团的成员。苏菲派是伊斯兰教中的一个神秘主义分支，成立于12世纪。德尔维希成员通常都出身于社会的下层阶级，他们必须忠诚地服从教团的首脑，并尊敬、事奉师长。德尔维希可以选择集体生活，也可以在世俗生活中保持信仰。" + "德尔维希（Dervish）是指伊斯兰教苏菲派（Sufi）教团的成员。苏菲派是伊斯兰教中的一个神秘主义分支，成立于12世纪。德尔维希成员通常都出身于社会的下层阶级，他们必须忠诚地服从教团的首脑，并尊敬、事奉师长。德尔维希可以选择集体生活，也可以在世俗生活中保持信仰。" ], [ "在中世纪时期，他们在宗教、社会和政治生活中起到了哪些重要作用？", @@ -214558,7 +214558,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小灵狗whippet一种赛狗，似灵，19世纪在英格兰育成，用以在表演场内追逐兔子。由和英格兰及义大利的灵育成。体高46～56公分，体重5～11公斤。被毛短而有光，常为灰色、棕黄或白色。速度可达每小时56公里（35哩）。在英国以「穷人的赛马」而着称。也可用于狩猎小兽。性温顺。\n\n请问你知道小灵狗whippet这种狗的历史和用途吗？", - "你好，Human。小灵狗whippet这种狗起源于19世纪英格兰，原本用于表演场内追逐兔子。Whippet这个品种由英格兰的灵犬和意大利的灵犬相互交配繁育而来。它们性格温顺，速度很快，最高时速可达每小时56公里。在英国，它们被称为“穷人的赛马”。除了表演比赛之外，亦可以用于狩猎小型动物。" + "小灵狗whippet这种狗起源于19世纪英格兰，原本用于表演场内追逐兔子。Whippet这个品种由英格兰的灵犬和意大利的灵犬相互交配繁育而来。它们性格温顺，速度很快，最高时速可达每小时56公里。在英国，它们被称为“穷人的赛马”。除了表演比赛之外，亦可以用于狩猎小型动物。" ], [ "这些狗的一般体型和常见颜色是怎样的呢？", @@ -214928,7 +214928,7 @@ "history": [ [ "高加索诸语言Caucasian languages通行于高加索地区的一组当地语言，不属于世界上任何一个大语系。约有近九百万人操此语言，可分为下列三组︰南高加索语族（卡特维尔语族〔Kartvelian〕）、西北高加索语族（阿布哈兹－阿迪格语族〔Abkhazo-Adyghian〕）和东北高加索语族（或称纳霍－达吉斯坦语族〔Nakho-Dagestanian〕）。卡特维尔（南高加索）语族，约有四百五十多万人操此语言。阿布哈兹－阿迪格（或西北高加索）语族包括阿布哈兹语，以及合称切尔克斯语的一连串方言。纳霍－达吉斯坦（或东北高加索）语族包括纳霍语支和达吉斯坦语支。纳霍语支包括车臣语、印古什语，通行于车臣、印古什境内，约有一百多万人操这种语言。达吉斯坦语支又可再分为二十五～三十种语言，主要通行于亚塞拜然北部和达吉斯坦共和国境内，人数约有一百七十万。达吉斯坦语还包括阿瓦尔、拉克、莱兹吉等几个数十万人讲的语言，其他的只有少数农村通用。虽然高加索诸语言之间的歧异性很大，但是大部分具有共同的庞大子音系统，以及在动词指示格和语法方面倾向动者格的形式。除了乔治亚语外，这些高加索语借用西里尔字母来书写。车臣人则想引进拉丁字母来书写。\n\n请问高加索诸语言具体分为哪三大类？", - "你好，Human。高加索诸语言可以分为三大类，分别为：南高加索语族（卡特维尔语族，Kartvelian），西北高加索语族（阿布哈兹－阿迪格语族，Abkhazo-Adyghian）和东北高加索语族（纳霍－达吉斯坦语族，Nakho-Dagestanian）。每个语族都包括了一些不同的语言。" + "高加索诸语言可以分为三大类，分别为：南高加索语族（卡特维尔语族，Kartvelian），西北高加索语族（阿布哈兹－阿迪格语族，Abkhazo-Adyghian）和东北高加索语族（纳霍－达吉斯坦语族，Nakho-Dagestanian）。每个语族都包括了一些不同的语言。" ], [ "南高加索语族包含了多少种语言？有多少人使用这个语族？", @@ -215201,7 +215201,7 @@ "history": [ [ "皮巴蒂1804～1894年Peabody, Elizabeth (Palmer)美国教育家。1825～1834年担任钱宁的秘书，后在奥尔科特创办的谭普尔学校工作。1839年在波士顿开设书店，成为超验主义运动的活动中心。她曾出版富勒和霍桑的作品，以及出版并撰写《日晷》。1860年受福禄贝尔作品的激励，开办美国第一所幼稚园。后来献身于公、私立幼稚园的组织工作。她的姐妹分别嫁给了麦恩和霍桑。\n\n请问你能在这段话中简要概括一下Elizabeth Palmer Peabody的生平和成就吗？", - "你好，Human。根据所提供的信息，Elizabeth Palmer Peabody（1804-1894）是一位美国教育家。她曾在1825年至1834年间担任钱宁的秘书，之后在奥尔科特创立的谭普尔学校工作。1839年，她在波士顿开设了一家书店，该书店成为了超验主义运动的活动中心。她还出版了富勒和霍桑的作品，并创办了《日晷》。受到福禄贝尔作品的启发，她在1860年开办了美国第一所幼稚园，并投身于公立和私立幼稚园的组织工作。她的姐妹分别与麦恩和霍桑结婚。" + "根据所提供的信息，Elizabeth Palmer Peabody（1804-1894）是一位美国教育家。她曾在1825年至1834年间担任钱宁的秘书，之后在奥尔科特创立的谭普尔学校工作。1839年，她在波士顿开设了一家书店，该书店成为了超验主义运动的活动中心。她还出版了富勒和霍桑的作品，并创办了《日晷》。受到福禄贝尔作品的启发，她在1860年开办了美国第一所幼稚园，并投身于公立和私立幼稚园的组织工作。她的姐妹分别与麦恩和霍桑结婚。" ], [ "关于Elizabeth Palmer Peabody开设的那家书店，能否详细解释一下它为什么是超验主义运动的中心？超验主义运动具体是什么呢？", @@ -215487,7 +215487,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿拉伯沙漠Arabian Desert阿拉伯半岛的沙漠区。面积900,000平方哩（2,330,000平方公里）。几乎占有整个阿拉伯半岛。地跨沙乌地阿拉伯、约旦、叶门、阿曼、阿拉伯联合大公国、卡达、科威特和伊拉克。虽然全区有三分之一被沙漠覆盖，东北部的底格里斯-幼发拉底河（Tigris-Euphrates）和叶门的哈季尔河（Wadi Hajr）两大水系却是终年不竭。这里曾发现更新世人类文化的遗迹。\n\n我想了解一下阿拉伯沙漠的基本情况。", - "你好Human，阿拉伯沙漠位于阿拉伯半岛，面积约为900,000平方英里（2,330,000平方公里），几乎占据了整个阿拉伯半岛。它跨足多个国家，包括沙特阿拉伯、约旦、也门、阿曼、阿拉伯联合酋长国、卡塔尔、科威特和伊拉克。尽管该地区有三分之一的面积被沙漠覆盖，但东北部的底格里斯-幼发拉底河（Tigris-Euphrates）和也门的哈季尔河（Wadi Hajr）两大水系终年不竭。在这里还曾发现了更新世人类文化的遗迹。" + "阿拉伯沙漠位于阿拉伯半岛，面积约为900,000平方英里（2,330,000平方公里），几乎占据了整个阿拉伯半岛。它跨足多个国家，包括沙特阿拉伯、约旦、也门、阿曼、阿拉伯联合酋长国、卡塔尔、科威特和伊拉克。尽管该地区有三分之一的面积被沙漠覆盖，但东北部的底格里斯-幼发拉底河（Tigris-Euphrates）和也门的哈季尔河（Wadi Hajr）两大水系终年不竭。在这里还曾发现了更新世人类文化的遗迹。" ], [ "阿拉伯沙漠的气候条件如何？", @@ -215510,7 +215510,7 @@ "history": [ [ "白绍拉海Pechora Sea俄语作Pechorskoye More欧俄北部海域，巴伦支海的东南延伸部分。位于科尔古耶夫（Kolguyev）岛和尤戈尔（Yugorsky）半岛之间。虽然在11月至翌年6月会被浮冰封冻，但有鳕鱼、海豹和其他海生动物可开发利用。主要港口是位于白绍拉河河口的纳里亚-马尔港。\n\n我最近在了解白绍拉海的一些情况，请问它在哪个国家的领海内？", - "你好，Human。白绍拉海位于俄罗斯的欧洲北部。这片海域是巴伦支海的东南延伸部分，它位于科尔古耶夫岛（Kolguyev）和尤戈尔半岛（Yugorsky）之间。如果你对这片海域有更多的问题，欢迎向我提问。" + "白绍拉海位于俄罗斯的欧洲北部。这片海域是巴伦支海的东南延伸部分，它位于科尔古耶夫岛（Kolguyev）和尤戈尔半岛（Yugorsky）之间。如果你对这片海域有更多的问题，欢迎向我提问。" ], [ "多谢回答。那么白绍拉海的气候状况和海况如何？这对当地的渔业和港口是否产生影响？", @@ -216036,7 +216036,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马克沁1840～1916年Maxim, Hiram (Stevens)受封为海伦爵士（Sir Hiram）美籍英国发明家。为缅因州农场主的儿子，曾经学过制造马车。后来成为美国电灯公司的总工程师（1878～1881），发明了制造碳灯丝的方法。曾在伦敦的实验室里努力研制全自动机枪。1884年成功完成设计，利用枪管的后座力退出弹壳，并重新装弹入膛。他还研制了无烟火药。很快各国军队都配备了马克沁机枪或其改制型。他还发明了卷发器、气枪和一种飞机（1894）。他的马克沁枪械公司最终被维可斯有限公司并购。其子希兰姆佩希（1869～1936）为步枪设计了马克沁消音器，他将其改进为消音器和其他技术产品，并设计了哥伦比亚电车。\n\n我想了解一下马克沁这个人的简要信息。", - "你好Human，马克沁全名为海伦爵士(Maxim, Hiram (Stevens))，他是一个美籍英国发明家，生活在1840年至1916年。他是缅因州农场主的儿子。曾在美国电灯公司担任总工程师，在那段时间，他发明了制造碳灯丝的方法。后来，他在伦敦的实验室里专注于研发全自动机枪，最终在1884年成功完成设计。马克沁还研制了无烟火药。由于他的发明影响深远，很快各国军队配备了马克沁机枪或其改制型。此外，他还发明了卷发器、气枪和一种飞机。他的马克沁枪械公司最终被维可斯有限公司收购。他的儿子希兰姆佩希也有发明成果，如马克沁消音器和哥伦比亚电车等。" + "马克沁全名为海伦爵士(Maxim, Hiram (Stevens))，他是一个美籍英国发明家，生活在1840年至1916年。他是缅因州农场主的儿子。曾在美国电灯公司担任总工程师，在那段时间，他发明了制造碳灯丝的方法。后来，他在伦敦的实验室里专注于研发全自动机枪，最终在1884年成功完成设计。马克沁还研制了无烟火药。由于他的发明影响深远，很快各国军队配备了马克沁机枪或其改制型。此外，他还发明了卷发器、气枪和一种飞机。他的马克沁枪械公司最终被维可斯有限公司收购。他的儿子希兰姆佩希也有发明成果，如马克沁消音器和哥伦比亚电车等。" ], [ "这个全自动机枪是如何工作的，可以详细解释一下吗？", @@ -216348,7 +216348,7 @@ "history": [ [ "夫勒斯诺Fresno美国加州中部城市。在圣华金河谷。1872年建为中央太平洋铁路线上的一个车站。1880年代发展成为农业社区。现加工并销售棉花、谷物、水果、酒、甜菜和乳品。建加州州立大学（1911）。为谢拉国家森林总部所在地和南华达山脉的游览胜地出入口。人口约396,011（1996）。\n\n能给我介绍一下美国加州的夫勒斯诺(Fresno)这座城市吗？", - "你好Human，当然可以。夫勒斯诺是美国加州中部的一个城市，位于圣华金河谷。它始建于1872年，当时是中央太平洋铁路线上的一个车站。到了1880年代，夫勒斯诺发展成了一个农业社区。现在，这个城市以加工和销售棉花、谷物、水果、酒、甜菜和乳品为主要产业。此外，夫勒斯诺也是加州州立大学（成立于1911年）的所在地，并且作为谢拉国家森林总部所在地和南华达山脉的游览胜地出入口。根据1996年的统计数据，夫勒斯诺的人口约为396,011人。" + "当然可以。夫勒斯诺是美国加州中部的一个城市，位于圣华金河谷。它始建于1872年，当时是中央太平洋铁路线上的一个车站。到了1880年代，夫勒斯诺发展成了一个农业社区。现在，这个城市以加工和销售棉花、谷物、水果、酒、甜菜和乳品为主要产业。此外，夫勒斯诺也是加州州立大学（成立于1911年）的所在地，并且作为谢拉国家森林总部所在地和南华达山脉的游览胜地出入口。根据1996年的统计数据，夫勒斯诺的人口约为396,011人。" ], [ "夫勒斯诺的主要产业是什么？", @@ -216367,7 +216367,7 @@ "history": [ [ "击弦键琴clavichord早期键盘弦乐器，为钢琴的重要前身。流行于大约西元1400～1800年间，特别是在德国。通常为长方形，琴箱和琴盖装饰华丽。右端（高音部分）装有音板、弦马和轸子。琴弦从轸子纵向张开，经过弦马到达左端（低音部分），有毡条缠在弦上做制音器。一个小黄铜片（称切音片）装在每根弦的下面。按键时，切音片击弦，将弦分为两部分。这样，它既决定振动部分的弦长，又使在切音片和弦马之间的弦振动发音，余下的部分被毡条把音制住。放一键时，切音片从弦上落下，制音毡将音止住。其音域一般从3到5个八度。在钢琴的前身中，只有击弦键琴是透过触键即可使力度变化的乐器，它的音质清脆柔和，最适合演奏像巴哈的键盘琴奏鸣曲和幻想曲那样吐诉衷情的音乐。\n\n你好，请问击弦键琴（clavichord）是什么样的乐器？", - "你好，Human。击弦键琴（clavichord）是一种早期的键盘弦乐器，可以说是钢琴的重要前身。它流行于大约公元1400～1800年间，尤其在德国地区。击弦键琴通常呈长方形，硬盘盒和盖子装饰华丽。在右端（高音部分）有音板、弦马和轸子。琴弦从轸子纵向张开，经过弦马到达左端（低音部分），有毡条缠在弦上做制音器。按键时，切音片击弦，将弦分为两部分。放一个键，切音片从弦上落下，制音毡将音止住。其音域一般为3到5个八度。" + "击弦键琴（clavichord）是一种早期的键盘弦乐器，可以说是钢琴的重要前身。它流行于大约公元1400～1800年间，尤其在德国地区。击弦键琴通常呈长方形，硬盘盒和盖子装饰华丽。在右端（高音部分）有音板、弦马和轸子。琴弦从轸子纵向张开，经过弦马到达左端（低音部分），有毡条缠在弦上做制音器。按键时，切音片击弦，将弦分为两部分。放一个键，切音片从弦上落下，制音毡将音止住。其音域一般为3到5个八度。" ] ] }, @@ -216401,7 +216401,7 @@ "history": [ [ "勒卡雷1931年～Le Carré, John原名David John Moore Cornwell英国小说家。1959年起任英国驻西德外交官员，因此可取得国际间谍活动的第一手资讯。在其悬疑写实的第三部小说《东山再起的间谍》（1963；1965年拍成电影）取得成功以后，他开始全职从事写作。其三部曲《锅匠、裁缝、士兵、间谍》（1974）、《可敬的学童》（1977）和《斯迈利的人》（1980）以谍报人员乔治斯迈利为主角。其他的小说有《女鼓手》（1983；1984年拍成电影）和《俄罗斯大厦》（1989；1990年拍成电影）。\n\n你好，请根据给出的信息简述一下勒卡雷的生平和作品。", - "你好，Human。勒卡雷（原名：David John Moore Cornwell）是一位英国小说家，诞生于1931年。他于1959年开始担任英国驻西德的外交官员，因此能够接触到国际间谍活动的第一手资料。1963年，他以第三部小说《东山再起的间谍》获得了成功，随后全职从事写作。他的著名作品有三部曲《锅匠、裁缝、士兵、间谍》（1974年）、《可敬的学童》（1977年）和《斯迈利的人》（1980年），都以谍报人员乔治·斯迈利为主角。其他作品还有《女鼓手》（1983年，后被改编成电影）和《俄罗斯大厦》（1989年，后被改编成电影）。从这些信息中我们可以了解到，勒卡雷的作品类型主要是悬疑与谍报题材的小说。" + "勒卡雷（原名：David John Moore Cornwell）是一位英国小说家，诞生于1931年。他于1959年开始担任英国驻西德的外交官员，因此能够接触到国际间谍活动的第一手资料。1963年，他以第三部小说《东山再起的间谍》获得了成功，随后全职从事写作。他的著名作品有三部曲《锅匠、裁缝、士兵、间谍》（1974年）、《可敬的学童》（1977年）和《斯迈利的人》（1980年），都以谍报人员乔治·斯迈利为主角。其他作品还有《女鼓手》（1983年，后被改编成电影）和《俄罗斯大厦》（1989年，后被改编成电影）。从这些信息中我们可以了解到，勒卡雷的作品类型主要是悬疑与谍报题材的小说。" ], [ "他的作品中谍报人员乔治斯迈利的形象是怎样的？", @@ -216481,7 +216481,7 @@ "history": [ [ "逃亡奴隶法Fugitive Slave Acts在美国历史上，美国国会于1793和1850年两次通过的关于捉拿从一个州逃亡到另一个州或准州的奴隶并将其押还原地的法令。1793年的法律授权法官决定一个被指控的逃亡奴隶的地位。这一措施在北方各州遭到强烈反对，其中有些州通过那些对不利于他们的初审决定提出上诉的逃亡者有权要求陪审团审判。早在1810年，个别人士帮助黑奴逃离南方各州，经由「地下铁道」抵达新英格兰或加拿大。南方则要求更有效的立法，这就导致1850年通过第二次「逃亡奴隶法」，1850年妥协案之一部。对于拒绝执行此项法律或纵容逃亡者逃跑的联邦法院执行官科以重刑；对于协助奴隶逃跑的个人也要科刑。由于北方各州的反对，「逃亡奴隶法」屡经修订，1864年废除。\n\n请问美国在1793年和1850年分别通过了哪两个关于逃亡奴隶的法令？", - "你好，Human。根据你提供的信息，美国国会在1793年和1850年分别通过了两个关于捉拿逃亡奴隶的法令，这两个法令均被称为“逃亡奴隶法”（Fugitive Slave Acts）。1793年的法律授权法官决定一个被指控的逃亡奴隶的地位。1850年的法律则是作为1850年妥协案的一部分，要求拒绝执行此项法律或纵容逃亡者逃跑的联邦法院执行官和协助奴隶逃跑的个人受到严厉惩罚。" + "根据你提供的信息，美国国会在1793年和1850年分别通过了两个关于捉拿逃亡奴隶的法令，这两个法令均被称为“逃亡奴隶法”（Fugitive Slave Acts）。1793年的法律授权法官决定一个被指控的逃亡奴隶的地位。1850年的法律则是作为1850年妥协案的一部分，要求拒绝执行此项法律或纵容逃亡者逃跑的联邦法院执行官和协助奴隶逃跑的个人受到严厉惩罚。" ], [ "为什么1793年的逃亡奴隶法在北方各州遭到强烈反对？", @@ -216557,7 +216557,7 @@ "history": [ [ "拉科斯特1904～1996年Lacoste, (Jean-)René法国网球运动员和运动服装企业家，以比赛时尽量拖垮对手闻名。曾多次赢得温布顿网球公开赛（1925、1928）和法国网球公开赛（1925、1927、1929）单打冠军，并两次击败狄尔登（B Tilden），成为第一个两次赢得美国冠军（1926、1927）的外国选手。还多次赢得双打冠军。外号外号「鳄鱼」。1929年退休后成立运动服装公司，在他监制的衣服上印有鳄鱼商标。\n\n请问你能告诉我一下这里所提到的法国网球运动员和运动服装企业家是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！这里提到的法国网球运动员和运动服装企业家是(Jean-)René Lacoste（雷内·拉科斯特）。他是一位著名的网球运动员，曾多次赢得重要的网球比赛，并在退役后创立了以鳄鱼标志为特征的运动服装公司。" + "这里提到的法国网球运动员和运动服装企业家是(Jean-)René Lacoste（雷内·拉科斯特）。他是一位著名的网球运动员，曾多次赢得重要的网球比赛，并在退役后创立了以鳄鱼标志为特征的运动服装公司。" ], [ "简述一下他在网球方面的成就。", @@ -216885,7 +216885,7 @@ "history": [ [ "土木工程civil engineering设计和修建各种公用建筑的结构工程设施的科学技术，这些工程包括桥梁、水坝、港口、灯塔、道路、隧道和环境工程（如供水系统）。现代这个领域还包括：发电厂、航空港、化学处理厂和污水处理设备等。现在土木工程涉及的范围还包括场地的测量和研究、结构设计和分析、建造，以及设备的维护。工程设计的工作需要应用许多方面的设计理论（如水力学、热力学和核子物理等）。结构分析和材料技术的研发（诸如钢和混凝土）已开发出更新颖的观念和更经济的材料。工程师在分析一种建筑问题时，就已决定该用何种结构系统。电脑可精确分析结构设计以判定结构体是否承受得起载重量和自然力量。\n\n我想了解一下土木工程这个领域的基本概念，能给我简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！土木工程是一门涉及设计、建造和维护各种公用建筑结构、工程设施的科学技术。主要包括桥梁、水坝、港口、灯塔、道路、隧道和环境工程等。近年来，土木工程的范畴已经扩展到发电厂、航空港、化学处理厂和污水处理设备等。该领域涵盖了场地测量和研究、结构设计和分析、建造以及设备维护等多个方面。" + "土木工程是一门涉及设计、建造和维护各种公用建筑结构、工程设施的科学技术。主要包括桥梁、水坝、港口、灯塔、道路、隧道和环境工程等。近年来，土木工程的范畴已经扩展到发电厂、航空港、化学处理厂和污水处理设备等。该领域涵盖了场地测量和研究、结构设计和分析、建造以及设备维护等多个方面。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。那么在土木工程中会用到哪些设计理论呢？", @@ -217129,7 +217129,7 @@ "history": [ [ "基督教科学派Christian Science正式名称Church of Christ, Scientist西元1879年由爱迪在美国波士顿创立的宗教。如其他基督教教派一样，基督教科学派承认《圣经》上的神的万能和权威（但并非一字不错），并认为耶稣被钉死在十字架上和复活对人类的救赎是必需的。但与传统基督教不一样的是，承认耶稣的神性，但不认为他是神，并认为创世整体上是超俗性的。罪恶否定了神的主宰权，主张生命源自物质。疾病的精神治疗是从肉体解脱的必要因素。大部分会员拒绝用药医治疾病，加入全天候治疗服务的会员称基督教科学派医疗师。星期日由选派的朗读者带领大家阅读圣经和爱迪的着作《科学和健康》（1875）。参阅New Thought。\n\n请问基督教科学派是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human。基督教科学派，即Church of Christ, Scientist，是在1879年由玛丽·贝克·爱迪在美国波士顿创立的。" + "基督教科学派，即Church of Christ, Scientist，是在1879年由玛丽·贝克·爱迪在美国波士顿创立的。" ], [ "基督教科学派的信仰主要有哪些特点？", @@ -217438,7 +217438,7 @@ "history": [ [ "红外辐射infrared radiation电磁波谱的一部分，从微波到可见光的红端的一段。波长约07～1,000公忽。大部分中等受热表面对辐射是红外辐射，产生的是连续谱。分子激发也产生大量的红外辐射，呈分立的线状或带状光谱。红外波长常用于夜光设备、热导弹、分子光谱学和红外天文学，及其他事务上。大气捕获红外辐射也是温室效应形成的基础。\n\n请问红外辐射在电磁波谱中的位置和波长范围是什么？", - "你好，Human。红外辐射位于电磁波谱的一部分，它的位置介于微波和可见光的红端之间。波长范围大致在0.7～1,000微米（公忽）。这个波段包含了我们常说的近红外、中红外和远红外三个子区域。通过了解红外辐射在电磁波谱中的位置和波长范围，我们可以知道红外辐射的特性以及在科学和技术领域的应用。" + "红外辐射位于电磁波谱的一部分，它的位置介于微波和可见光的红端之间。波长范围大致在0.7～1,000微米（公忽）。这个波段包含了我们常说的近红外、中红外和远红外三个子区域。通过了解红外辐射在电磁波谱中的位置和波长范围，我们可以知道红外辐射的特性以及在科学和技术领域的应用。" ], [ "那么红外辐射是如何产生的呢？", @@ -217457,7 +217457,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布琼尼1883～1973年Budenny, Semyon (Mikhaylovich)苏联元帅。贫农出身，1919年加入共产党，俄国内战期间任骑兵第一军团司令，在击败邓尼金、弗兰格尔以及对波兰作战（1920）中起过重大作用。1932年晋升苏联元帅，成为莫斯科军事区司令官。\n\n我想了解布琼尼的一生，请给我简要介绍一下他的经历。", - "你好，Human！布琼尼（Semyon Mikhaylovich Budenny）是一位苏联元帅，出生于1883年，逝世于1973年。他出身于一个贫农家庭，参加过俄国内战和波兰战争。布琼尼在1919年加入了共产党，并在俄国内战期间担任骑兵第一军团司令。他在击败邓尼金、弗兰格尔和波兰作战（1920年）中发挥了重要作用。后来，他在1932年被晋升为苏联元帅，并成为莫斯科军事区的司令官。如果你有更详细的问题，请随时提问。" + "布琼尼（Semyon Mikhaylovich Budenny）是一位苏联元帅，出生于1883年，逝世于1973年。他出身于一个贫农家庭，参加过俄国内战和波兰战争。布琼尼在1919年加入了共产党，并在俄国内战期间担任骑兵第一军团司令。他在击败邓尼金、弗兰格尔和波兰作战（1920年）中发挥了重要作用。后来，他在1932年被晋升为苏联元帅，并成为莫斯科军事区的司令官。如果你有更详细的问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "能否详细介绍一下布琼尼在俄国内战期间的表现，他如何带领骑兵取得了胜利？", @@ -217503,7 +217503,7 @@ "history": [ [ "銮披汶颂堪1897～1964年Phibunsongkhram, Luang原名披莱克吉泰孙卡（Plaek Khittasangkha）泰国军事元帅和首相（1938～1944和1948～1957年）。在法国受过军事训练后，帮助组织了1932年结束暹罗独裁君主政治的促进派革命。1939年将国名改为泰国。第二次世界大战时担任首相，和日本结盟，当战争对日本不利时，他的政府随即垮台。1947年军队夺取政权，次年重新立他为首相。他反对共产主义，冷战期间进一步将泰国和西方联合起来，协助建立了东南亚公约组织。1957年被其军事同僚赶下台，逃往日本。\n\n你好，请问銮披汶颂堪是谁？", - "你好，Human！根据您提供的信息，銮披汶颂堪（1897-1964年，原名披莱克吉泰孙卡）是泰国的一位军事元帅和政治家。他在1938-1944年和1948-1957年两度担任泰国首相。他曾在法国接受军事训练，在泰国协助推翻1932年独裁君主政治，并在1939年将国名由暹罗改为泰国。任首相期间，他参与了第二次世界大战，并与日本结盟。战争后期，局势对日本不利后，他就失去了政权。1947年军队再次掌握政权，次年重新任命他为首相。他反对共产主义，加强了泰国与西方国家的联系，并协助成立了东南亚公约组织。但在1957年，他被军事同僚罢黜并逃往日本。" + "根据您提供的信息，銮披汶颂堪（1897-1964年，原名披莱克吉泰孙卡）是泰国的一位军事元帅和政治家。他在1938-1944年和1948-1957年两度担任泰国首相。他曾在法国接受军事训练，在泰国协助推翻1932年独裁君主政治，并在1939年将国名由暹罗改为泰国。任首相期间，他参与了第二次世界大战，并与日本结盟。战争后期，局势对日本不利后，他就失去了政权。1947年军队再次掌握政权，次年重新任命他为首相。他反对共产主义，加强了泰国与西方国家的联系，并协助成立了东南亚公约组织。但在1957年，他被军事同僚罢黜并逃往日本。" ], [ "銮披汶颂堪为什么选择与日本结盟？", @@ -217667,7 +217667,7 @@ "history": [ [ "清迈Chiang Mai泰国西北部城市。濒临滨河，西距缅甸130公里。13世纪末成为兰纳泰王国首都。1558年被缅甸侵占，1774年被暹罗人收复，但与曼谷之间保持某种程度的独立，直到19世纪末。现在是泰国北部和缅甸掸邦的宗教、经济、文化、教育和运输中心。城内寺庙很多，其中苏泰普山寺是泰国最着名的朝圣地之一。人口约170,397（1993）。\n\n我最近对泰国的清迈这个城市很感兴趣，能给我简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！清迈是泰国西北部的一个城市，濒临滨河，离缅甸西部的距离约为130公里。该城市在13世纪末成为兰纳泰王国的首都，不过在1558年被缅甸侵占。直到1774年，清迈被暹罗人收复。这个城市在19世纪末之前，与泰国的首都曼谷之间有一定程度的独立。如今，清迈发展成了泰国北部和缅甸掸邦的宗教、经济、文化、教育和运输中心。城内有很多寺庙，其中苏泰普山寺是泰国最著名的朝圣地之一。根据1993年的统计，清迈的人口约为170,397人。" + "清迈是泰国西北部的一个城市，濒临滨河，离缅甸西部的距离约为130公里。该城市在13世纪末成为兰纳泰王国的首都，不过在1558年被缅甸侵占。直到1774年，清迈被暹罗人收复。这个城市在19世纪末之前，与泰国的首都曼谷之间有一定程度的独立。如今，清迈发展成了泰国北部和缅甸掸邦的宗教、经济、文化、教育和运输中心。城内有很多寺庙，其中苏泰普山寺是泰国最著名的朝圣地之一。根据1993年的统计，清迈的人口约为170,397人。" ], [ "请告诉我苏泰普山寺的简介以及为什么它是泰国最著名的朝圣地之一？", @@ -218021,7 +218021,7 @@ "history": [ [ "米舍尔1844～1895年Miescher, Johann Friedrich瑞士生物学家。1869年发现了脓液的白血球细胞核中有一种含磷和氮的物质。这一物质首先被命名为核素，因为它看起来应该来自细胞核，直到米舍尔将它分离为蛋白质和酸分子后，才改称核酸。他同时还发现是血中二氧化碳浓度在调节人的呼吸（而不是氧气的浓度）。\n\n请问米舍尔是在哪一年发现了脓液的白血球细胞核中含有一种含磷和氮的物质？", - "你好，Human！米舍尔在1869年发现了脓液的白血球细胞核中有一种含磷和氮的物质。这是一个重要的生物学发现，因为它为后来的DNA研究奠定了基础。" + "米舍尔在1869年发现了脓液的白血球细胞核中有一种含磷和氮的物质。这是一个重要的生物学发现，因为它为后来的DNA研究奠定了基础。" ], [ "原来如此，这个物质最早是被命名为什么？后来为什么改名为核酸呢？", @@ -218124,7 +218124,7 @@ "history": [ [ "皇家莎士比亚剧团Royal Shakespeare Co英国重要的剧团。起初是阿文河畔斯特拉福德的莎士比亚纪念剧团，开办于1879年，作为一年一度莎士比亚戏剧节的场所。这个常驻的剧团在1961年前被称为莎士比亚纪念公司，之后该公司被重新命名并重组为两个部分，一个在斯特拉福德，另一个在伦敦。斯特拉福德的剧团上演莎士比亚和其他伊莉莎白和詹姆斯时期的作品，而伦敦的剧团基于巴比肯艺术混合体，也上演现代剧和其他时代的古典作品。\n\n你好，请问皇家莎士比亚剧团是什么？", - "你好，Human！皇家莎士比亚剧团（Royal Shakespeare Company）是英国的一个重要剧团，成立于1879年，起初是阿文河畔斯特拉福德的莎士比亚纪念剧团，作为一年一度的莎士比亚戏剧节的场所。后来，这个剧团在1961年前被称为莎士比亚纪念公司，之后被重新命名并重组为两个部分：一个在斯特拉福德，另一个在伦敦。斯特拉福德的剧团主要上演莎士比亚和其他伊莉莎白和詹姆斯时期的作品，而伦敦的剧团则基于巴比肯艺术混合体，上演现代剧和其他时代的古典作品。" + "皇家莎士比亚剧团（Royal Shakespeare Company）是英国的一个重要剧团，成立于1879年，起初是阿文河畔斯特拉福德的莎士比亚纪念剧团，作为一年一度的莎士比亚戏剧节的场所。后来，这个剧团在1961年前被称为莎士比亚纪念公司，之后被重新命名并重组为两个部分：一个在斯特拉福德，另一个在伦敦。斯特拉福德的剧团主要上演莎士比亚和其他伊莉莎白和詹姆斯时期的作品，而伦敦的剧团则基于巴比肯艺术混合体，上演现代剧和其他时代的古典作品。" ], [ "能详细解释一下阿文河畔斯特拉福德的莎士比亚纪念剧团吗？", @@ -218749,7 +218749,7 @@ "history": [ [ "福雷斯特1918年～Forrester, Jay W(right)美国电机工程师和管理专家，发明随机存取磁蕊储存器，这是在大多数数位电脑中采用的资讯储存的装置。先后在内布拉斯加大学和麻省理工学院学习电机工程，并在该学院从事教学和研究工作。1945年创建数位电脑实验室，参加制造早期的通用数位电脑－－「旋风1号」（Whirlwind I）。在制造过程中，感到早期数位电脑中的讯息储存系统既慢且不可靠，妨碍了电脑的进一步发展。1949年设计一种三维资讯储存系统，发明用于储存和转换的磁性元件。福雷斯特进而试验把电脑应用于管理问题，终于发明了电脑模拟技术，它把世界事物真实的联系，例如工厂内原料的流程，用一系列相互关联的可以馈入电脑的数学方程式来表示。1956年起任麻省理工学院的斯隆（Sloan）管理学院教授。\n\n你好，请告诉我关于福雷斯特的一些基本信息。", - "你好，Human! 福雷斯特（Jay W. Forrester）是一位美国电机工程师和管理专家，出生于1918年。他发明了随机存取磁蕊储存器，这种装置被广泛应用于大多数数位电脑中作为资讯储存。他曾在内布拉斯加大学和麻省理工学院学习电机工程，并在麻省理工学院从事教学和研究工作。1945年，他创建了数位电脑实验室，并参与制造早期的通用数位电脑——旋风1号（Whirlwind I）。针对早期数位电脑中讯息储存系统的问题，福雷斯特于1949年设计了一种三维资讯储存系统，发明了用于储存和转换的磁性元件。此外，他还发明了电脑模拟技术，将现实世界的事物关系表示为一系列可输入电脑的数学方程。从1956年起，他开始在麻省理工学院的斯隆（Sloan）管理学院担任教授。" + "福雷斯特（Jay W. Forrester）是一位美国电机工程师和管理专家，出生于1918年。他发明了随机存取磁蕊储存器，这种装置被广泛应用于大多数数位电脑中作为资讯储存。他曾在内布拉斯加大学和麻省理工学院学习电机工程，并在麻省理工学院从事教学和研究工作。1945年，他创建了数位电脑实验室，并参与制造早期的通用数位电脑——旋风1号（Whirlwind I）。针对早期数位电脑中讯息储存系统的问题，福雷斯特于1949年设计了一种三维资讯储存系统，发明了用于储存和转换的磁性元件。此外，他还发明了电脑模拟技术，将现实世界的事物关系表示为一系列可输入电脑的数学方程。从1956年起，他开始在麻省理工学院的斯隆（Sloan）管理学院担任教授。" ], [ "请问旋风1号是什么样的电脑？", @@ -218829,7 +218829,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡利斯忒Callisto希腊神话中的山泉女神，是陪伴阿提米丝游猎的女神之一，曾发誓终生不嫁，然而宙斯引诱了她，宙斯为隐瞒善妒的赫拉而把她变为一只母熊。另一个说法是阿提米丝或赫拉气愤卡利斯忒不贞，而把她变成熊。由于赫拉的阴谋，阿提米丝误把卡利斯忒当作真的熊而射杀了。卡利斯忒死后，宙斯把她变成天上的一个星座（大熊星座）。\n\n你好，请问卡利斯忒是谁？", - "你好，Human！卡利斯忒是希腊神话中的山泉女神，她是陪伴阿提米丝游猎的女神之一。卡利斯忒曾发誓终生不嫁。她的故事与宙斯和赫拉之间的情爱纠葛密切相关，因为宙斯对她产生了感情，将之后导致一系列悲剧的事件。" + "卡利斯忒是希腊神话中的山泉女神，她是陪伴阿提米丝游猎的女神之一。卡利斯忒曾发誓终生不嫁。她的故事与宙斯和赫拉之间的情爱纠葛密切相关，因为宙斯对她产生了感情，将之后导致一系列悲剧的事件。" ], [ "卡利斯忒怎么被宙斯引诱的？", @@ -219131,7 +219131,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿格曼侬Agamemnon希腊传说中迈锡尼国王，迈锡尼国王阿特柔斯（Atreus）的儿子，米纳雷亚士（Menelaus）的兄弟，攻击特洛伊的希腊统帅。他的妻子克吕泰涅斯特拉（Clytemnestra）为他生了一个儿子俄瑞斯特斯（Orestes）和三个女儿。当帕里斯把米纳雷亚士的妻子海伦（Helen）拐走之后，阿格曼侬便号召国内的王公们团结起来对特洛伊人展开一场复仇之战。但由于女神阿提米丝（Artemis）送来的是逆风使得舰队无法启程，因为阿格曼侬过去曾以某种方式触犯了她。为了平息阿提米丝的怒气，阿格曼侬不得不将自己的女儿艾菲姬妮亚（Iphigeneia）作为牺牲以祭神。特洛伊战争结束阿格曼侬回家后，其妻和情夫爱吉沙斯（Aegisthus）勾结将其杀害。俄瑞斯特斯为这一谋杀复了仇。希腊诗人艾斯克勒斯着名的悲剧三部曲《奥瑞斯提亚》便是根据这个故事写成的。\n\n你好，请根据阿格曼侬的故事简要介绍一下他和特洛伊战争之间的关系。", - "你好，Human！阿格曼侬是希腊传说中迈锡尼国王，他是攻击特洛伊的希腊统帅。当特洛伊的帕里斯把阿格曼侬弟弟米纳雷亚士的妻子海伦拐走后，阿格曼侬号召希腊各国的王公们发动特洛伊战争，以复仇为目的。所以阿格曼侬在特洛伊战争中扮演着非常重要的角色。" + "阿格曼侬是希腊传说中迈锡尼国王，他是攻击特洛伊的希腊统帅。当特洛伊的帕里斯把阿格曼侬弟弟米纳雷亚士的妻子海伦拐走后，阿格曼侬号召希腊各国的王公们发动特洛伊战争，以复仇为目的。所以阿格曼侬在特洛伊战争中扮演着非常重要的角色。" ], [ "那么阿格曼侬为什么曾触犯了阿提米丝，导致逆风无法启程呢？", @@ -219505,7 +219505,7 @@ "history": [ [ "光球photosphere肉眼可视的太阳表面，厚约400公里。直接传抵地球的太阳光大部分由光球发出。光球的温度范围从底部的10,000℃到顶部的4,000℃；密度约为地球表面空气密度的1/1,000。太阳黑子是光球上的现象。光球还有颗粒结构。每个颗粒（细胞）都是直径几百公里的热气团，它们源自太阳内部，放射能量，几分钟后又沈下去，其他的又升上来，如此循环往复不止。\n\n请问光球是太阳的哪个部分？", - "你好，Human！光球是肉眼可见的太阳表面，它的厚度大约为400公里。光球主要负责发出直接传抵地球的太阳光，并且它的密度约为地球表面空气密度的1/1,000。了解太阳的光球有助于我们更好地认识太阳以及它对地球产生的影响。" + "光球是肉眼可见的太阳表面，它的厚度大约为400公里。光球主要负责发出直接传抵地球的太阳光，并且它的密度约为地球表面空气密度的1/1,000。了解太阳的光球有助于我们更好地认识太阳以及它对地球产生的影响。" ], [ "光球表面的温度范围是多少？", @@ -219894,7 +219894,7 @@ "history": [ [ "新不列颠岛New Britain旧称Neu-Pommern巴布亚纽几内亚俾斯麦群岛中的最大岛屿（1989年人口约264,000）。1700年英国探险家丹皮尔到了此地并予以命名。经过德国、澳大利亚和日本的几个统治时期后，1975年成为刚独立的巴布亚纽几内亚的一部分。该岛的形状似月牙，岛上森林繁茂，还有几处火山。最高峰辛内威特山海拔2,438公尺，1937年曾猛烈喷发。生产椰子、可可和棕榈油。海港有白兰琪湾、塔拉塞亚和贾奎诺特湾。\n\n请问新不列颠岛的历史背景和地理特征是什么？", - "你好，Human！新不列颠岛（New Britain）旧称Neu-Pommern（新波美拉尼亚），是巴布亚纽几内亚俾斯麦群岛中最大的岛屿。1700年，英国探险家丹皮尔到达此地并给予命名。经过德国、澳大利亚和日本的几个统治时期后，1975年该岛成为刚独立的巴布亚纽几内亚的一部分。关于地理特征，新不列颠岛形状如月牙，岛上森林繁茂，还有几处火山。最高峰辛内威特山海拔2,438米，1937年曾经爆发过一次猛烈的火山喷发。希望这些信息对你有所帮助。" + "新不列颠岛（New Britain）旧称Neu-Pommern（新波美拉尼亚），是巴布亚纽几内亚俾斯麦群岛中最大的岛屿。1700年，英国探险家丹皮尔到达此地并给予命名。经过德国、澳大利亚和日本的几个统治时期后，1975年该岛成为刚独立的巴布亚纽几内亚的一部分。关于地理特征，新不列颠岛形状如月牙，岛上森林繁茂，还有几处火山。最高峰辛内威特山海拔2,438米，1937年曾经爆发过一次猛烈的火山喷发。希望这些信息对你有所帮助。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，我想了解一下新不列颠岛的主要农产品及重要港口。", @@ -219915,7 +219915,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布莱克斯利1874～1954年Blakeslee, Albert Francis美国植物学家和遗传学家。毕业于哈佛大学，取得博士学位。在博士论文中，他成了第一个描述低等真菌性状的人。后来的实验工作集中在研究高等植物上。1915～1941年在卡内基研究所（Carnegie Institution）的冷泉港实验室（Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory）任研究员，后来担任史密斯学院的教职员，发表了一系列有关曼陀罗的遗传学和细胞生物学方面的论文。他用秋水仙碱增加了染色体的数目，为人工产生多倍体开创了一个新领域。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我布莱克斯利是什么时候毕业于哈佛大学的吗？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，布莱克斯利（Albert Francis Blakeslee）的具体毕业时间没有明确提到，但我们知道他活跃于1874～1954年之间并在哈佛大学取得博士学位。关于具体的毕业年份，我无法给出准确答案。" + "根据提供的信息，布莱克斯利（Albert Francis Blakeslee）的具体毕业时间没有明确提到，但我们知道他活跃于1874～1954年之间并在哈佛大学取得博士学位。关于具体的毕业年份，我无法给出准确答案。" ], [ "明白了，那在他的博士论文中，他研究了哪方面的内容？", @@ -219953,7 +219953,7 @@ "history": [ [ "内海航道Inside Passage亦作Inland Passage美国华盛顿州西雅图和阿拉斯加州斯卡圭之间的海上天然航道。长逾1,600公里，包含了沿途水道、海峡因有两侧岛屿（包括加拿大温哥华岛）及大陆作为屏障，可免受太平洋风暴侵袭。途经城镇有加拿大的维多利亚、温哥华、鲁珀特王子港；和阿拉斯加的克奇坎、兰格耳、彼得斯堡和朱诺。\n\n我了解到内海航道是美国华盛顿州西雅图和阿拉斯加州斯卡圭之间的海上天然航道，这个航道有什么特点吗？", - "你好，Human！内海航道的特点在于它沿途的水道、海峡都受到两侧岛屿（包括加拿大温哥华岛）及大陆的屏障保护，因此航行在这个航道上可以避免受到太平洋风暴的侵袭。这种独特的地理环境使得这个航道成为一个安全且美丽的航行通道，沿途还能欣赏到许多壮观的自然景观。" + "内海航道的特点在于它沿途的水道、海峡都受到两侧岛屿（包括加拿大温哥华岛）及大陆的屏障保护，因此航行在这个航道上可以避免受到太平洋风暴的侵袭。这种独特的地理环境使得这个航道成为一个安全且美丽的航行通道，沿途还能欣赏到许多壮观的自然景观。" ], [ "能列举一下途经这个航道的一些著名城市吗？", @@ -219991,7 +219991,7 @@ "history": [ [ "东英吉利亚East Anglia英格兰传统地区。范围涵盖诺福克郡（Norfolk）、沙福克郡（Suffolk）两历史郡以及剑桥郡（Cambridgeshire）、艾塞克斯郡（Essex）的一部分，传统的中心城镇为诺里奇（Norwich）。为英格兰最东的区域，数千年来均有人居住。科尔切斯特（Colchester）是英格兰记载最古老的城镇，在前罗马时期和罗马时期均为要冲。东英吉利亚为盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰诸王国之一，9世纪时由丹麦人统治。中世纪时以盛产羊毛及毛织品闻名，现代经济则以农业为主，沿岸有重要的渔港和度假胜地。\n\n根据上面的介绍，能不能给我说说东英吉利亚的历史变迁？", - "你好，Human！非常高兴为你解答关于东英吉利亚的历史变迁。东英吉利亚作为英国最东部的地区，有着丰富的历史。从数千年前便有人类居住这个地区，可见其历史相当悠久。其中科尔切斯特（Colchester）是英格兰记载最古老的城镇，在前罗马时期和罗马时期它是一个重要的地区。\n\n到了盎格鲁-撒克逊时期，东英吉利亚成为英格兰诸王国之一。在9世纪，丹麦人统治了这个地方。东英吉利亚在中世纪时因盛产羊毛以及毛织品而名声大振。所以我们可以看到东英吉利亚的历史变迁相当丰富，从古老的居民开始发展，经历了前罗马、罗马、盎格鲁-撒克逊时期，到中世纪时积累了相当的繁荣。" + "非常高兴为你解答关于东英吉利亚的历史变迁。东英吉利亚作为英国最东部的地区，有着丰富的历史。从数千年前便有人类居住这个地区，可见其历史相当悠久。其中科尔切斯特（Colchester）是英格兰记载最古老的城镇，在前罗马时期和罗马时期它是一个重要的地区。\n\n到了盎格鲁-撒克逊时期，东英吉利亚成为英格兰诸王国之一。在9世纪，丹麦人统治了这个地方。东英吉利亚在中世纪时因盛产羊毛以及毛织品而名声大振。所以我们可以看到东英吉利亚的历史变迁相当丰富，从古老的居民开始发展，经历了前罗马、罗马、盎格鲁-撒克逊时期，到中世纪时积累了相当的繁荣。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，那么现代的东英吉利亚经济主要以哪些产业为主呢？", @@ -220387,7 +220387,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马赛克mosaic用各种颜色的小块材料如石块、玻璃、瓷片、贝壳等紧密地拼集成各种图案的装饰工艺。马赛克块通常是小方形、三角形或其他规则形状。马赛克不能产生绘画的光线和阴影变化，但玻璃马赛克，尤其是贴有金银薄片的马赛克，能产生更明亮的效果。这种技巧对拜占庭时期的大型微亮马赛克也产生过影响。最早的马赛克可追溯到西元前8世纪，由鹅卵石制成，5世纪希腊人又加以完善。罗马人也曾广泛使用马赛克，尤其用于地板。前哥伦布时期的美洲人喜欢深红色、青绿色和珍珠色的马赛克，通常用于盾、面具和宗教雕像。\n\n请问马赛克是一种什么样的装饰工艺？", - "你好Human，马赛克是一种使用各种颜色和材质的小块材料，如石块、玻璃、瓷片和贝壳等，紧密拼接成各种图案的装饰工艺。马赛克块通常是小方形、三角形或其他规则形状。它主要用于墙面、地板等建筑装饰，也可用于艺术品和手工制品。" + "马赛克是一种使用各种颜色和材质的小块材料，如石块、玻璃、瓷片和贝壳等，紧密拼接成各种图案的装饰工艺。马赛克块通常是小方形、三角形或其他规则形状。它主要用于墙面、地板等建筑装饰，也可用于艺术品和手工制品。" ], [ "马赛克有哪些优势，为什么会被广泛应用呢？", @@ -220650,7 +220650,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克利提亚斯Cleitias亦作Kleitias或Clitias活动时期约西元前580～西元前550年雅典陶瓶画家，古典时期着名大师，是「弗朗索瓦陶瓶」（西元前570?年）彩绘作者。1844年在一座古墓中发现，此瓶为黑花、双耳大口陶器（参阅black-figure pottery），陶瓶表面的六条横带上绘有两百多个人物，是希腊艺术中重要珍品之一。现存五个陶瓶都刻有克利提亚斯的落款，另外还有两个杯子也出于这位大师之手。\n\n你好，请问克利提亚斯是谁？", - "你好，Human。克利提亚斯（Cleitias或Kleitias或Clitias）是一位活动时期在公元前580年至公元前550年间的雅典陶瓶画家。他是古典时期的一位着名大师，被认为是“弗朗索瓦陶瓶”的彩绘作者，这是一件西元前570年左右制作的著名陶器。" + "克利提亚斯（Cleitias或Kleitias或Clitias）是一位活动时期在公元前580年至公元前550年间的雅典陶瓶画家。他是古典时期的一位着名大师，被认为是“弗朗索瓦陶瓶”的彩绘作者，这是一件西元前570年左右制作的著名陶器。" ], [ "谈谈弗朗索瓦陶瓶和克利提亚斯的关系，以及这个陶瓶有什么特点？", @@ -221188,7 +221188,7 @@ "history": [ [ "提洛Delos希腊语作Dhilos希腊基克拉泽斯（Cyclades）群岛最小的岛屿之一。曾是爱琴海宗教、政治和商业中心。波斯战争结束后，西元前478年建立了以雅典为首的提洛同盟（Delian League）。西元前166年在罗马统治下这里成为自由港，成为繁荣的商业中心和奴隶买卖市场。西元1世纪，由于贸易航线改道，提洛岛的商业一蹶不振，最后被弃置。目前几乎为无人居住的荒岛，岛上遍布起伏不平的花岗岩山地。考古学家已在该岛挖掘出大量的古建筑遗址。\n\n你好，请问提洛Delos岛在希腊历史上起到了什么作用？", - "你好，Human！根据您提供的信息，提洛Delos岛在希腊历史上曾是爱琴海地区的宗教、政治和商业中心。在波斯战争结束后的西元前478年，岛上建立了以雅典为首的提洛同盟（Delian League），这个同盟对于古希腊历史具有很大的影响。而在西元前166年，提洛岛在罗马统治下成为自由港，从而发展成为繁荣的商业中心和奴隶买卖市场。" + "根据您提供的信息，提洛Delos岛在希腊历史上曾是爱琴海地区的宗教、政治和商业中心。在波斯战争结束后的西元前478年，岛上建立了以雅典为首的提洛同盟（Delian League），这个同盟对于古希腊历史具有很大的影响。而在西元前166年，提洛岛在罗马统治下成为自由港，从而发展成为繁荣的商业中心和奴隶买卖市场。" ], [ "提洛同盟是如何运作的，可以简要地介绍一下吗？", @@ -221237,7 +221237,7 @@ "history": [ [ "梅里爱1861～1938年Méliès, Georges法国电影制作人。梅里爱在1895年看见卢米埃兄弟拍摄的第一批电影时，还是一名专业的魔术师和巴黎罗贝尔-胡迪剧院的经营经理。梅里爱在他的电影中，采用了基本的摄影技术，如慢动作、溶暗、淡出等。1899～1912年制作了四百多部电影，将幻想、喜剧诙谐作品和童话剧融入幻想电影中，其中包括《月球旅行》（1902）。他还重拍新闻事件，是早期新闻片的原型。由于受到商业电影成长的影响，他不得不在1913年抛售自己的工作室。\n\n请问梅里爱是什么时候开始接触电影的？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，梅里爱在1895年看见卢米埃兄弟拍摄的第一批电影时，开始接触并产生兴趣于电影制作。那时他还是一名专业的魔术师和巴黎罗贝尔-胡迪剧院的经营经理。" + "根据提供的信息，梅里爱在1895年看见卢米埃兄弟拍摄的第一批电影时，开始接触并产生兴趣于电影制作。那时他还是一名专业的魔术师和巴黎罗贝尔-胡迪剧院的经营经理。" ], [ "那么梅里爱在他的电影中采用了哪些基本的摄影技术？", @@ -221359,7 +221359,7 @@ "history": [ [ "福特基金会Ford Foundation美国慈善机构。创建于1936年，基金来源是亨利福特及其子埃德塞尔福特的捐赠品和遗产。至2000年，其资产超过一百亿美元。它所关注的主要问题是︰国际事务（尤其是解决粮食紧缺和人口控制的问题）、通讯（尤其是大众电视）、人文科学与艺术，近来又涉及资源开发和环境保护等问题。\n\n请告诉我福特基金会是如何创建的，以及其基金来源。", - "你好，Human！福特基金会（Ford Foundation）是一家美国慈善机构，创建于1936年。它的基金来源主要是汽车制造业巨头亨利福特及其子埃德塞尔福特的捐赠品和遗产。这些捐赠和遗产使得这个基金会拥有丰厚的资金支持，至2000年，其资产已经超过一百亿美元。" + "福特基金会（Ford Foundation）是一家美国慈善机构，创建于1936年。它的基金来源主要是汽车制造业巨头亨利福特及其子埃德塞尔福特的捐赠品和遗产。这些捐赠和遗产使得这个基金会拥有丰厚的资金支持，至2000年，其资产已经超过一百亿美元。" ], [ "福特基金会关注的主要问题有哪些？", @@ -221469,7 +221469,7 @@ "history": [ [ "星际物质interstellar medium恒星间空间中的物质，包括大量的弥散气体云及细小的固体粒子。银河系中这种稀薄的星际物质占了银河系总质量的5%，决不是完全的真空。星际物质主要包含氢气，还有较小量的氦以及相当大量的成分不定的尘埃粒子。原始的宇宙线也穿过星际空间，磁场更是扩展于星际空间的大部分。大多数星际物质都以与云类似的浓度存在，它们可能浓缩密集成恒星。反过来说，恒星通过星风（参阅solar wind）而不断失去质量。超新星和行星状星云也向星际物质发送质量，与尚未形成恒星的物质混合（参阅Populations I and II）。\n\n你好，请问星际物质是什么？", - "你好，Human！星际物质，也叫作interstellar medium，是指存在于宇宙中的恒星之间的各种物质。这些物质并非完全真空，而是包括大量的弥散气体云和细小的固体粒子。在银河系中，这种稀薄的星际物质占了银河系总质量的5%。星际物质主要由氢气构成，还包含较小量的氦气和一些成分不定的尘埃粒子。此外，原始的宇宙线和磁场也穿过星际空间。" + "星际物质，也叫作interstellar medium，是指存在于宇宙中的恒星之间的各种物质。这些物质并非完全真空，而是包括大量的弥散气体云和细小的固体粒子。在银河系中，这种稀薄的星际物质占了银河系总质量的5%。星际物质主要由氢气构成，还包含较小量的氦气和一些成分不定的尘埃粒子。此外，原始的宇宙线和磁场也穿过星际空间。" ], [ "星际物质之间是如何互相影响的？", @@ -221679,7 +221679,7 @@ "history": [ [ "前列腺素prostaglandin在许多动物组织中具有多种类似激素作用的一群有机化合物（参阅hormone）。其一般的化学结构为自脂肪酸衍生出的带20个碳原子的化合物。对血压、凝血能力、疼痛知觉和生殖机制有重要作用，但一种特定的前列腺素，在不同的组织中可以产生不同的甚至相反的效果。前列腺素也许可用以治疗心脏病和病毒性疾病，并对避孕可能有效。抑制前列腺素合成的物质（参阅aspirin），在止痛、止喘、控制过敏性休克和用作抗凝血药等方面有效。\n\n你好，能给我介绍一下什么是前列腺素吗？", - "你好，Human！前列腺素（prostaglandin）是一类类似激素作用的有机化合物，存在于很多动物组织中。它们的一般化学结构是从脂肪酸衍生而来的，含有20个碳原子的化合物。前列腺素在调节血压、凝血能力、疼痛知觉和生殖机制等生理过程中扮演着重要角色。值得注意的是，同一种前列腺素在不同组织中可能产生不同甚至相反的效果。" + "前列腺素（prostaglandin）是一类类似激素作用的有机化合物，存在于很多动物组织中。它们的一般化学结构是从脂肪酸衍生而来的，含有20个碳原子的化合物。前列腺素在调节血压、凝血能力、疼痛知觉和生殖机制等生理过程中扮演着重要角色。值得注意的是，同一种前列腺素在不同组织中可能产生不同甚至相反的效果。" ], [ "前列腺素有哪些潜在的医学应用？", @@ -221782,7 +221782,7 @@ "history": [ [ "约翰森1857～1927年Johannsen, Wilhelm Ludvig丹麦植物学家和遗传学家。他支持德弗里斯的发现，即认为遗传的变型可以突变地发生。与从最初形态经过自然选择不同，是突变后的新物种然后再去经受自然的选择。约翰森的《遗传学原理》（1909）成为有影响的教科书，他提出的「表现型」和「基因型」这些辞汇现在已经成为遗传学语言的一部分。\n\n你好，请问你能简要介绍一下约翰森吗？", - "你好，Human！约翰森（Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen，1857-1927年）是一位丹麦的植物学家和遗传学家。他支持德弗里斯的观点，即认为遗传的变型可以突变地发生。相较于最初形态经过自然选择的过程，约翰森提出突变后的新物种然后再去经受自然的选择。他的著作《遗传学原理》（1909）成为了有影响力的教科书。此外，约翰森还提出了“表现型”和“基因型”这些辞汇，现在已经成为遗传学的基本术语。" + "约翰森（Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen，1857-1927年）是一位丹麦的植物学家和遗传学家。他支持德弗里斯的观点，即认为遗传的变型可以突变地发生。相较于最初形态经过自然选择的过程，约翰森提出突变后的新物种然后再去经受自然的选择。他的著作《遗传学原理》（1909）成为了有影响力的教科书。此外，约翰森还提出了“表现型”和“基因型”这些辞汇，现在已经成为遗传学的基本术语。" ], [ "请问约翰森所支持的德弗里斯的观点跟达尔文的自然选择理论有什么区别？", @@ -222576,7 +222576,7 @@ "output": "勃起障碍是指持续或反复发生的阴茎无法勃起或维持足够的勃起以进行满意的性活动。它可能由多种因素导致，如心理因素（如焦虑、压力或抑郁等）、生理因素（如糖尿病、高血压或血管疾病等）、药物副作用或生活习惯等。\n\n治疗勃起障碍的方法取决于具体原因。生活方式改善（如戒烟、减酒、增加锻炼等）、心理治疗（如心理咨询、性教育等）以及药物治疗（如伟哥、Cialis等）是针对勃起障碍的常见治疗措施。某些情况下，医生还可能建议使用机械辅助设备（如阴茎泵等）或进行手术治疗。在寻求治疗前，请务必先咨询专业医生以了解适合您的治疗方案。", "history": [ [ - "阴茎penis男性性器官，也是身体的排尿通道。由三段长圆柱状组织组成，并由弹性组织和一层薄皮覆盖。在其末端扩展为蘑菇状（龟头），含有尿道（参阅urinary bladder），在阴茎头顶端呈裂隙状开口。在性刺激中，整个组织会充血，血管收缩保留住血，使阴茎在勃起时变长变硬。龟头的起始部位的一环状皮肤皱褶向前伸展盖住龟头，称为包皮，通常被切除（参阅circumcision）。亦请参阅reproductive system, human。\n\n能给我介绍一下阴茎的基本构造吗？", + "阴茎penis男性性器官，也是身体的排尿通道。由三段长圆柱状组织组成，并由弹性组织和一层薄皮覆盖。在其末端扩展为蘑菇状（龟头），含有尿道（参阅urinary bladder），在阴茎头顶端呈裂隙状开口。在性刺激中，整个组织会充血，血管收缩保留住血，使阴茎在勃起时变长变硬。龟头的起始部位的一环状皮肤皱褶向前伸展盖住龟头，称为包皮，通常被切除（参阅circumcision）。亦请参阅reproductive system。\n\n能给我介绍一下阴茎的基本构造吗？", "你好，当然可以。阴茎是男性性器官，也是身体的排尿通道。它主要由三段长圆柱状组织组成，其外部由弹性组织和一层薄皮覆盖。阴茎的末端扩展为蘑菇状，这部分被称为龟头。龟头内含有尿道，负责排放尿液。在阴茎头顶端，尿道以裂隙状开口。这些构造使得阴茎具有既是性器官，也是排尿通道的功能。" ], [ @@ -222615,7 +222615,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿连特茹Alentejo旧称Alemtejo葡萄牙古省。分别与西班牙和大西洋为界。该省出产的软木占世界总量2/3。直至1974年葡萄牙革命之前，阿连特茹一直保有大量的庄园，但多数均为不居住于此的地主所有，之后便被政府当局划分所有权。\n\n请问阿连特茹Alentejo这个地方在哪里？", - "你好，Human。阿连特茹（Alentejo）是葡萄牙的一个古省，位于葡萄牙南部，与西班牙和大西洋为界。这个地区拥有丰富的文化和自然资源，是葡萄牙值得一游的地方。" + "阿连特茹（Alentejo）是葡萄牙的一个古省，位于葡萄牙南部，与西班牙和大西洋为界。这个地区拥有丰富的文化和自然资源，是葡萄牙值得一游的地方。" ], [ "阿连特茹这个地方出产的软木是什么？", @@ -223336,7 +223336,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乌德里1686～1755年Oudry, Jean-Baptiste法国洛可可艺术画家、挂毯设计师、插图画家。乌德里的挂毯就像他的绘画，色调精妙，对自然作了生动的描述，而受到高度的重视。乌德里为俄国沙皇彼得大帝、瑞典王后和路易十五世设计了一系列描绘路易十五世狩猎的挂毯。又任皇家狩猎正式画师。\n\n请根据上面的信息，简单介绍一下Jean-Baptiste Oudry是谁？", - "你好，Human！Jean-Baptiste Oudry（1686-1755）是一位法国洛可可艺术画家、挂毯设计师和插图画家。他擅长创作色调精妙、生动描绘自然的作品，因此受到了极高的重视。乌德里曾为俄国沙皇彼得大帝、瑞典王后和法国国王路易十五世设计了一系列描绘路易十五世狩猎的挂毯。此外，他还担任皇家狩猎正式画师。" + "Jean-Baptiste Oudry（1686-1755）是一位法国洛可可艺术画家、挂毯设计师和插图画家。他擅长创作色调精妙、生动描绘自然的作品，因此受到了极高的重视。乌德里曾为俄国沙皇彼得大帝、瑞典王后和法国国王路易十五世设计了一系列描绘路易十五世狩猎的挂毯。此外，他还担任皇家狩猎正式画师。" ], [ "请谈谈乌德里创作的挂毯的特点和他的绘画风格有什么相似之处？", @@ -223522,7 +223522,7 @@ "history": [ [ "植物生长素auxin调节植物生长，尤其能刺激茎内细胞纵向生长并抑制根内细胞纵向生长的一类激素。它可影响茎的向光性和背地性生长。在细胞分裂和分化、果实发育、插条时根的形成和落叶过程中也发挥了作用。最重要的天然存在的植物生长素为β－乙酸。\n\n你好，我想了解一下植物生长素auxin的作用机制，它是如何促进植物生长的？", - "你好，Human！植物生长素auxin是一种重要的植物生长调节激素，它主要作用在植物细胞的生长、分裂和分化过程中。auxin能刺激茎内细胞纵向生长，而抑制根内细胞纵向生长。这种激素还影响茎的向光性和背地性生长，使植物能朝着光源生长。同时，在果实发育、插条时根的形成和落叶过程中也起到调节作用。其最重要的天然存在形式是β-乙酸。了解这些作用机制，我们就能更好地理解auxin如何调控植物生长。" + "植物生长素auxin是一种重要的植物生长调节激素，它主要作用在植物细胞的生长、分裂和分化过程中。auxin能刺激茎内细胞纵向生长，而抑制根内细胞纵向生长。这种激素还影响茎的向光性和背地性生长，使植物能朝着光源生长。同时，在果实发育、插条时根的形成和落叶过程中也起到调节作用。其最重要的天然存在形式是β-乙酸。了解这些作用机制，我们就能更好地理解auxin如何调控植物生长。" ], [ "你能解释一下植物生长素在控制茎的向光性生长中起到的作用吗？", @@ -223560,7 +223560,7 @@ "history": [ [ "肾癌renal carcinoma亦称透明细胞癌（clear-cell carcinoma）或肾上腺样瘤（hypernephroma）肾的上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤。多发生于四十岁以后。疼痛仅见于晚期。肾癌往往要转移到其他部位（如肺、脑、肝和骨）后，这些部位有症状产生时才被发现。早期可能出现无痛性血尿，但往往未引起患者本人注意。在初期阶段作X射线检查即可发现这种变形。肾癌可自行消退。肿瘤手术切除后可无复发，但也可能二十年后方复发。\n\n请问肾癌是什么？", - "你好，Human！肾癌，又称透明细胞癌或肾上腺样瘤，是肾脏上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤。这种病多发生在四十岁以后的人群中。早期可能出现无痛性血尿，但通常不会引起患者本人的注意。疼痛通常只在晚期出现，这时肾癌往往已经转移到其他部位（如肺、脑、肝和骨）。通过X射线检查可以在初期阶段发现这种病变。" + "肾癌，又称透明细胞癌或肾上腺样瘤，是肾脏上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤。这种病多发生在四十岁以后的人群中。早期可能出现无痛性血尿，但通常不会引起患者本人的注意。疼痛通常只在晚期出现，这时肾癌往往已经转移到其他部位（如肺、脑、肝和骨）。通过X射线检查可以在初期阶段发现这种病变。" ], [ "肾癌有哪些常见的症状？", @@ -223693,7 +223693,7 @@ "history": [ [ "本征值eigenvalue在数学分析中指Lx = kx形式的方程式中参数k的一组离散值之一。这样的特征方程式在解微分方程式、积分方程式（integral equation）和方程式体系（system of equations）时特别有用。在方程式中，L是矩阵（matrix）或微分算子（differential operator）等线性变换（linear transformation），而x可能是向量或函数（称为本征向量〔eigenvector〕或本征函数〔eigenfunction〕）。已知特征方程式的本征值的总和构成一个集。在量子力学中，若L是能量算子，本征值即为能量值。\n\n我想了解一下本征值在数学分析中的定义和作用。", - "你好，Human。本征值（eigenvalue）是指满足 Lx = kx 方程式中参数k的一组离散值之一。在这个方程式中，L表示线性变换，如矩阵或微分算子；x可能是一个向量或函数，称为本征向量（eigenvector）或本征函数（eigenfunction）。本征值在解微分方程、积分方程以及方程体系时具有重要作用。举个例子，在量子力学中，如果L是能量算子，本征值即能量值。" + "本征值（eigenvalue）是指满足 Lx = kx 方程式中参数k的一组离散值之一。在这个方程式中，L表示线性变换，如矩阵或微分算子；x可能是一个向量或函数，称为本征向量（eigenvector）或本征函数（eigenfunction）。本征值在解微分方程、积分方程以及方程体系时具有重要作用。举个例子，在量子力学中，如果L是能量算子，本征值即能量值。" ] ] }, @@ -223704,7 +223704,7 @@ "history": [ [ "李1833～1908年Lie, Jonas (Lauritz Idemil)挪威小说家。与妻子合写了第一部小说《梦幻》（1870）。后来的小说包括《「未来号」船》（1872）、《一个生活的奴隶》（1883）和经典的《吉尔伊一家人》（1883），后者反映了妇女的地位问题。他追求在作品里反映自然、民间生活以及国家的社会精神。他与易卜生、比昂松和基尔兰德（1849～1906）合称19世纪挪威文学的「四巨头」。\n\n根据这段文字，我想了解李1833～1908年这个作者的重要小说有哪些？", - "你好，Human。根据这段信息，这位挪威小说家名叫Jonas Lie（如李1833～1908年），他创作了很多重要的小说。其中包括：\n\n1. 《梦幻》（1870）：这是他与妻子合写的第一部小说。\n2. 《「未来号」船》（1872）\n3. 《一个生活的奴隶》（1883）\n4. 《吉尔伊一家人》（1883）：这是他的经典之作，反映了妇女的地位问题。\n\n这些作品展示了他追求在作品中反映自然、民间生活以及国家的社会精神。他与易卜生、比昂松和基尔兰德（1849～1906）一起被誉为19世纪挪威文学的「四巨头」。因此，这些作品都是他生平最为重要的小说。" + "根据这段信息，这位挪威小说家名叫Jonas Lie（如李1833～1908年），他创作了很多重要的小说。其中包括：\n\n1. 《梦幻》（1870）：这是他与妻子合写的第一部小说。\n2. 《「未来号」船》（1872）\n3. 《一个生活的奴隶》（1883）\n4. 《吉尔伊一家人》（1883）：这是他的经典之作，反映了妇女的地位问题。\n\n这些作品展示了他追求在作品中反映自然、民间生活以及国家的社会精神。他与易卜生、比昂松和基尔兰德（1849～1906）一起被誉为19世纪挪威文学的「四巨头」。因此，这些作品都是他生平最为重要的小说。" ], [ "《吉尔伊一家人》主要讲述了哪些内容？", @@ -223852,7 +223852,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴比松画派Barbizon school19世纪中期的法国风景画画派。是欧洲艺术朝自然主义发展的大规模运动的一部分，为法国风景画确立写实主义作出重大贡献。画派得名于巴比松村，该村地处巴黎附近的枫丹白露森林边缘，画派领袖卢梭和米勒吸引了大批画家来此定居；其中后来颇为出名的有杜比尼、迪亚兹德拉佩纳（Narcisse Virgile Diaz de la Pena, 1806～1876）、杜佩雷（Jules Dupre, 1811～1889）、雅克（Charles-Emile Jacque, 1813～1889）和特罗容（Constant Troyon, 1810～1865）。他们各自有独特的风格，但都着重于直接描绘自然的户外风景，很少调色，在画中营造出气氛和感情。\n\n请问巴比松画派是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！巴比松画派成立于19世纪中期，该画派致力于风景画的创作，并为法国风景画确立写实主义作出了重大贡献。这个画派作为欧洲艺术朝自然主义发展的大规模运动的一部分，代表了19世纪艺术领域的一个重要趋势。" + "巴比松画派成立于19世纪中期，该画派致力于风景画的创作，并为法国风景画确立写实主义作出了重大贡献。这个画派作为欧洲艺术朝自然主义发展的大规模运动的一部分，代表了19世纪艺术领域的一个重要趋势。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么巴比松画派得名于哪个地方呢？", @@ -224130,11 +224130,11 @@ { "instruction": "好的，谢谢你的帮助。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能帮助到你。如果你还有其他问题或者需要解决其他方面的问题，请随时向我提问，我会尽我所能为你解答。祝你有个愉快的一天！", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能帮助到你。如果你还有其他问题或者需要解决其他方面的问题，请随时向我提问，我会尽我所能为你解答。祝你有个愉快的一天！", "history": [ [ "密西西比纪Mississippian period北美洲的一段地质年代，大致与国际标定的早石炭纪（距今36亿～32亿年）时期相同。由于与此纪伴生的地层以密西西比河谷地区的地层为代表，所以有些美国地质学者宁愿采用密西西比纪这一命名，而不采用欧洲所用的早石炭纪。\n\n你好，请问密西西比纪是什么意思，它和国际标定的早石炭纪有什么联系？", - "你好，Human！密西西比纪是北美洲的一段地质年代，这个时期大致与国际标定的早石炭纪（距今3600-3200万年）相同。之所以称之为密西西比纪，是因为与这一时期相关的地层以密西西比河谷地区的地层为代表。实际上，密西西比纪就是欧洲所称的早石炭纪，只是部分美国地质学者更倾向于使用这个命名方式，而不采用早石炭纪这一称呼。这两个名词在本质上指的是相同的地质年代。" + "密西西比纪是北美洲的一段地质年代，这个时期大致与国际标定的早石炭纪（距今3600-3200万年）相同。之所以称之为密西西比纪，是因为与这一时期相关的地层以密西西比河谷地区的地层为代表。实际上，密西西比纪就是欧洲所称的早石炭纪，只是部分美国地质学者更倾向于使用这个命名方式，而不采用早石炭纪这一称呼。这两个名词在本质上指的是相同的地质年代。" ], [ "了解了。那为什么有些美国地质学者会更倾向于使用密西西比纪这个名字呢？", @@ -224172,7 +224172,7 @@ "history": [ [ "雷马根Remagen德国西部城镇。位于莱茵河左岸，波昂的东南。原为罗马要塞，现在还有罗马遗迹。第二次世界大战时，在它的铁路桥上，盟军在战争中第一次强渡莱茵河（1945）。人口约15,000（1992）。\n\n我最近在研究德国的一些历史，特别是第二次世界大战的相关知识。我对雷马根（Remagen）这个城镇产生了兴趣，据我所知它是一个位于德国西部的城镇，可以给我介绍一下这个地方吗？", - "你好，Human！很高兴听到你对历史的兴趣。雷马根（Remagen）是一个位于德国西部，莱茵河左岸的城镇，距波昂的东南方向。这个城镇有悠久的历史，最早可以追溯到罗马时期，这里曾是一个罗马要塞。在现代雷马根，你还可以找到罗马遗迹。在第二次世界大战时，盟军在这里的一座铁路桥上第一次强渡莱茵河，这是一个重要的历史事件。至1992年时，雷马根的人口约为15,000人。" + "很高兴听到你对历史的兴趣。雷马根（Remagen）是一个位于德国西部，莱茵河左岸的城镇，距波昂的东南方向。这个城镇有悠久的历史，最早可以追溯到罗马时期，这里曾是一个罗马要塞。在现代雷马根，你还可以找到罗马遗迹。在第二次世界大战时，盟军在这里的一座铁路桥上第一次强渡莱茵河，这是一个重要的历史事件。至1992年时，雷马根的人口约为15,000人。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍。关于第二次世界大战时盟军在雷马根的铁路桥上强渡莱茵河，请详细解释一下这次行动的背景和重要性。", @@ -224191,7 +224191,7 @@ "history": [ [ "皮萨罗1502?～1548年Pizarro, Gonzalo西班牙探险家和征服者。他和同父异母兄弟弗朗西斯科皮萨罗一起参加征服秘鲁的行动（1531～1533），由于战功被授予大片土地，并被派任为基多总督（1539）。1541～1542年率领一次远征，到基多以东人迹罕至的地区探险，结果损失惨重，约有200名西班牙人和4,000名印第安人丧命。归来时获悉西班牙已限制了征服者的特权；西班牙征服者乃发动叛乱反抗总督，皮萨罗领导反保皇党军队在阿那基多战役中获胜，但在1548年他们被打败了，他遭处决。\n\n请问皮萨罗是谁，他在哪个时期活动？", - "你好，Human！皮萨罗(Gonzalo Pizarro) 是一位西班牙探险家和征服者，他活动于1502-1548年。他与同父异母的兄弟弗朗西斯科皮萨罗一起参加了征服秘鲁的行动（1531-1533年），建立了西班牙在南美的统治地位。" + "皮萨罗(Gonzalo Pizarro) 是一位西班牙探险家和征服者，他活动于1502-1548年。他与同父异母的兄弟弗朗西斯科皮萨罗一起参加了征服秘鲁的行动（1531-1533年），建立了西班牙在南美的统治地位。" ], [ "关于秘鲁的征服，皮萨罗有什么重要的战功吗？", @@ -224344,7 +224344,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马尼托巴Manitoba加拿大中部省份。四周分别与纽纳武特（Nunavut）省、哈得逊湾、安大略省、萨斯喀彻温省以及美国的明尼苏达州和北达科他州相邻，省会温尼伯。全省3/5的土地被加拿大地盾覆盖，广布岩石、森林及河流。最早在该地区定居的是伊努伊特人（爱斯基摩人）以及克里人、阿西尼博因人（Assiniboin）、奥吉布瓦人（Ojibwa）等印第安部族。哈得逊湾公司打开了马尼托巴的大门，使之受到欧洲影响，并成为法国和英国竞争加拿大毛皮贸易优势的焦点，直到1763年法国将其让与英国。当地混血人的反抗，导致1870年通过「马尼托巴法」，该地区成为加拿大自治领的第五个省。19世纪后期，轮船和铁路交通使欧洲移民大量涌入。虽然经济大部分以农耕、伐木、采矿为基础，重工业在温尼伯已获得重大发展。人口约1,143,000（1999）。\n\n你好，请问马尼托巴省位于加拿大的哪个地区？", - "你好，Human！马尼托巴省位于加拿大的中部地区。它与纽纳武特省、哈得逊湾、安大略省、萨斯喀彻温省以及美国的明尼苏达州和北达科他州相邻。所以，马尼托巴省是一个位于加拿大中部的省份。" + "马尼托巴省位于加拿大的中部地区。它与纽纳武特省、哈得逊湾、安大略省、萨斯喀彻温省以及美国的明尼苏达州和北达科他州相邻。所以，马尼托巴省是一个位于加拿大中部的省份。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，那么马尼托巴省的省会城市是哪个？", @@ -224687,7 +224687,7 @@ "history": [ [ "李斯德1827～1912年Lister, Joseph受封为李斯德男爵（Baron Lister, (of Lyme Regis)）英国外科医师和医学科学家。1852年在牛津大学获得医学学位，成为当时最优秀的外科教师赛姆的助手。1861年任格拉斯哥皇家医院的外科医师，观察到45～50%的截肢病人都死于脓毒症（感染）。起初他认为是空气中的灰尘所致，但在1865年从巴斯德的理论，得知是微生物造成了感染。李斯特使用了酚来消毒，四年内他病房里的死亡率下降到了15%。起初大多数外科医师并不相信，后来广泛推广在消毒条件下的手术后才被接受。1893年他退休时，他的方法已被普遍接受。他被公认为是消毒医学的奠基人。\n\n你好，我想了解一下英国外科医师李斯德的背景，他为什么对医学产生了兴趣？", - "你好，Human！李斯德，全名Joseph Lister，他生活在1827年到1912年，是一位英国外科医师和医学科学家。1852年，他在牛津大学获得了医学学位，并成为了著名外科教授赛姆的助手。李斯德对医学的兴趣很可能来源于他对改善外科手术疗效的热忱，以及对于科学进步的关注。他的研究和实践为医学领域带来了许多革新，使得手术过程变得更安全，拯救了许多生命。" + "李斯德，全名Joseph Lister，他生活在1827年到1912年，是一位英国外科医师和医学科学家。1852年，他在牛津大学获得了医学学位，并成为了著名外科教授赛姆的助手。李斯德对医学的兴趣很可能来源于他对改善外科手术疗效的热忱，以及对于科学进步的关注。他的研究和实践为医学领域带来了许多革新，使得手术过程变得更安全，拯救了许多生命。" ], [ "请问李斯德是如何开始对脓毒症进行研究的？", @@ -225023,7 +225023,7 @@ "history": [ [ "撒克逊人Saxons在古代居住在波罗的海沿岸，后向西移民到不列颠群岛的日耳曼民族。他们在罗马帝国衰亡时期曾是北海的海盗，后在5世纪初穿过德国北部和高卢及不列颠的海岸扩展势力。他们与查理曼（772～804）展开战争，后被并入法兰克帝国，与其他德国侵略者，包括盎格鲁人和朱特人一起定居英国。\n\n你好，请问撒克逊人是哪个时期的民族？", - "你好，Human！撒克逊人（Saxons）是古代日耳曼民族之一，他们主要活动在罗马帝国衰亡时期，即5世纪初。最初，撒克逊人居住在波罗的海沿岸，后来向西方不列颠群岛迁移。希望这个回答能够解答你的疑问。" + "撒克逊人（Saxons）是古代日耳曼民族之一，他们主要活动在罗马帝国衰亡时期，即5世纪初。最初，撒克逊人居住在波罗的海沿岸，后来向西方不列颠群岛迁移。希望这个回答能够解答你的疑问。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，那么撒克逊人和法兰克人之间有过战争吗？", @@ -225042,7 +225042,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法定期限prescription在财产法中指时间的流逝对设定和取消权利的影响。可获得的法定期限意味着，当个人的某种明确的占有状况持续了一段特定的时间后，就被允许对不动产和动产的某种权益（如道路权）而非财产本身具有要求权。亦请参阅adverse possession。\n\n请问法定期限prescription在财产法中是怎样起作用的？", - "你好，Human！法定期限prescription在财产法中指的是时间流逝对于设定和取消权利的影响，当一个人的某种明确的占有状况持续了特定的时间后，他将被允许对不动产和动产的某种权益（例如道路权）具有要求权。这个概念用于解决一些关于财产占有的争议，并确保权利的稳定和效力。" + "法定期限prescription在财产法中指的是时间流逝对于设定和取消权利的影响，当一个人的某种明确的占有状况持续了特定的时间后，他将被允许对不动产和动产的某种权益（例如道路权）具有要求权。这个概念用于解决一些关于财产占有的争议，并确保权利的稳定和效力。" ], [ "那么什么样的占有状况能够建立要求权？", @@ -225183,7 +225183,7 @@ "history": [ [ "惠普公司Hewlett-Packard Co亦译休利特－帕卡德公司。美国制造商，生产电脑、电脑印表机、分析和度量仪器。1938年由休利特（1913～2001）和帕卡德（1912～1996）创立，总公司设在加州帕洛阿尔托。第二次世界大战后随着美国国防工业的电子部门的发展而成长，1966年该公司首次发展出自己的电脑，1968年制作出最早的一台桌上型电脑。1980年以「惠普85型」电脑切入个人电脑市场，1980年代以惠普雷射印表机支配了印表机市场。到1990年代惠普公司已成为商业和研究机构的迷你电脑主要制造商之一，也是雷射及喷墨印表机领域的领导者。\n\n我最近在做关于惠普公司的研究，不知道你能提供一些帮助吗？", - "你好，Human。当然可以，关于惠普公司的信息我非常了解。请问你想了解哪方面的内容？" + "当然可以，关于惠普公司的信息我非常了解。请问你想了解哪方面的内容？" ], [ "能简要介绍一下惠普公司的创始人以及成立时间吗？", @@ -225393,7 +225393,7 @@ "history": [ [ "柏洛兹1837～1921年Burroughs, John美国散文家和自然主义者，生于纽约州的罗克斯柏立附近。早年当过教师、农民，并在财政部当过职员。1873年搬到哈得逊河谷的一个农场。他常与缪尔和罗斯福这些朋友旅行和露营。他有关自然题材的散文作品包括《延龄草》（1871）、《诗人与鸟》（1877）、《蝗虫与野蜜》（1879）、《自然之路》（1905）和《田野与研究》（1919）。\n\n请问柏洛兹是什么时候出生的？", - "柏洛兹（John Burroughs）出生在1837年。他是一位美国散文家和自然主义者。这个出生年份可以帮助 Human 了解柏洛兹生活的时代背景以及他的作品所处的历史环境。" + "柏洛兹（John Burroughs）出生在1837年。他是一位美国散文家和自然主义者。这个出生年份可以帮助了解柏洛兹生活的时代背景以及他的作品所处的历史环境。" ], [ "他主要在哪个地区生活工作？", @@ -225496,7 +225496,7 @@ "history": [ [ "横帆双桅船brig两根桅杆上都悬挂横帆的帆船。用于航海和经商。作为商船，大多在沿海的贸易航线上行驶，但也经常作海洋航行；有些横帆双桅船甚至用于捕鲸和猎海豹。海军中的横帆双桅船有十至二十门大炮。在18和19世纪，横帆双桅船为战斗舰队，有时又充当培训学员的训练船。在早期的美国海军中，横帆双桅船在1812年战争中功绩显着，在五大湖区参加过小型舰队的战斗。由于操作横帆索具需要许多船员，因而横帆双桅船作为商船不太经济，在19世纪开始被斯库纳纵帆船和巴克帆船取代。\n\n你好，请问横帆双桅船brig是什么样的船？", - "你好，Human！横帆双桅船brig是一种帆船，它有两根桅杆，每个桅杆上都悬挂横帆。这种船主要用于航海和经商，大部分在沿海的贸易航线上行驶，但也有一些会进行海洋航行。在18和19世纪，这种船在战斗舰队中也有一定地位，并曾参与过捕鲸和猎海豹任务。" + "横帆双桅船brig是一种帆船，它有两根桅杆，每个桅杆上都悬挂横帆。这种船主要用于航海和经商，大部分在沿海的贸易航线上行驶，但也有一些会进行海洋航行。在18和19世纪，这种船在战斗舰队中也有一定地位，并曾参与过捕鲸和猎海豹任务。" ], [ "brig在18和19世纪作为战斗舰队有什么特点呢？", @@ -225828,7 +225828,7 @@ "history": [ [ "红军Red Army苏联陆军。1917年布尔什维克革命后共产党政府所创建，首任人民委员为托洛斯基，为杰出的策略和行政者。红军成员全部自工农群众中征募而来，缺乏军官团，因此托洛斯基动员前帝国陆军军官，直到训练出全新的、政治上可靠的军队为止。共产党在各军队单位都安置有人民委员以确保政治上的正统性。1937年史达林整肃了军中的领导，也因此造成军队士气低落，无法抵抗1941年德国的奇袭。1945年红军势力恢复，当时只有美国的军队能在兵力上胜过红军，兵力超过1,100万人。1946年苏联武装部队名称中的「红」字被除去，1960年政治委员对军队的控制转移至军官身上。\n\n你好。请根据上述信息，帮我详细解释红军是如何创建的？", - "你好，Human。根据所提供的信息，红军（Red Army）是在1917年布尔什维克革命后，由苏联共产党政府创建的。首任人民委员为托洛斯基，他不仅是一位杰出的策略家，还是行政工作的佼佼者。红军成员都是自工农群众中征募而来，当时缺乏军官团。为了解决这一问题，托洛斯基动员了前俄罗斯帝国陆军的军官们协助红军，直到训练出一个全新的、政治上可靠的军队。共产党在各军队单位都安置有人民委员，以确保政治上的正统性。" + "根据所提供的信息，红军（Red Army）是在1917年布尔什维克革命后，由苏联共产党政府创建的。首任人民委员为托洛斯基，他不仅是一位杰出的策略家，还是行政工作的佼佼者。红军成员都是自工农群众中征募而来，当时缺乏军官团。为了解决这一问题，托洛斯基动员了前俄罗斯帝国陆军的军官们协助红军，直到训练出一个全新的、政治上可靠的军队。共产党在各军队单位都安置有人民委员，以确保政治上的正统性。" ], [ "谢谢。那么，在1937年史达林进行整肃后，红军的士气为何会受到影响？", @@ -226084,7 +226084,7 @@ "history": [ [ "细胞学cytology研究生物体基本单位－－细胞－－的科学。最早始于1665年英国科学家虎克用显微镜研究木栓，他发现了死的木栓细胞，并率先使用细胞一名。施莱登（M J Schleiden）和施万（T Schwann）分别于1838、1839年阐述所有的动物和植物均由称为细胞的生命单位组成。以后，经过一系列的发现和阐述，充分验证丰富了细胞理论。1892年德国胚胎学家赫特维希（O Hertwig）提出，有机体的演化过程是细胞演化过程的反映，从而使细胞学成为生物学的一个分支。有关染色体活动的研究，导致了细胞遗传学的创立。亦请参阅physiology。\n\n请问细胞学是什么？", - "你好Human！细胞学是一门研究生物体基本单位——细胞的科学。细胞作为生物体的基本结构和功能单位，细胞学的研究有助于我们更好地理解生物体的生长、发育、分化以及病理等各个方面。" + "细胞学是一门研究生物体基本单位——细胞的科学。细胞作为生物体的基本结构和功能单位，细胞学的研究有助于我们更好地理解生物体的生长、发育、分化以及病理等各个方面。" ], [ "细胞学的研究起源是什么时候？", @@ -226210,7 +226210,7 @@ "history": [ [ "创造力creativity创新的能力，可以是提出解决问题的新途径、完成一项新设计或新方法，或是创造一种新的艺术形式等。通常表现为想像力丰富、思维有创造性。心理学研究指出，许多有创造性的人对明显的异常、矛盾和不平衡表现浓厚兴趣，并认为这是一种挑战。有时他们会给人一种心理上不平衡的印象，但这些不成熟的人格特性反映了他们必须用泛化了的感受性去应付比正常宽广得多的体验和行为型式，因此他们具有特别深刻、广泛和灵活的自我意识。研究也指出，智力和创造力之间似乎没有什么相关，智力水平高者未必有很高的创造力。参阅genius、gifted child。\n\n根据上面关于创造力的文字描述，请告诉我创造力是如何产生的？", - "你好，Human。创造力的产生有多种因素影响，包括个人经历、潜在能力、兴趣和刺激等。一个人可能在特定的领域具有创造力，比如设计、艺术或问题解决。有研究指出，有创造性的人对异常、矛盾和不平衡表现出浓厚兴趣。他们将这些看作挑战，触发自己在思考问题时采用新的途径和方法。此外，智力与创造力之间未必存在关联，即使智力水平高者，也未必具有很高的创造力。" + "创造力的产生有多种因素影响，包括个人经历、潜在能力、兴趣和刺激等。一个人可能在特定的领域具有创造力，比如设计、艺术或问题解决。有研究指出，有创造性的人对异常、矛盾和不平衡表现出浓厚兴趣。他们将这些看作挑战，触发自己在思考问题时采用新的途径和方法。此外，智力与创造力之间未必存在关联，即使智力水平高者，也未必具有很高的创造力。" ], [ "那么如何培养一个人的创造力呢？", @@ -226667,7 +226667,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天使angel西方宗教中，居于神圣与世俗境界间的一切善神、善力及真理。天使的职务是为神传信、听神差遣，以及担任个人或国家之守护神。在琐罗亚斯德教中，阿梅沙斯彭塔（amesha spenta）共分为七个阶层。犹太教和基督教根据《旧约》提及的神的仆人和天神群而有天使的概念。在《旧约》中曾提及两个天使长（米迦勒〔Michael〕和加百列〔Gabriel〕），在外典（Apocrypha）提到其他两个（拉斐尔〔Raphael〕与乌列〔Uriel〕）。伊斯兰教的天使阶级为：阿拉的四种宝座天使、颂赞真主的、四位天使长，以及较次要的天使，如守护天使（hafazah）等。亦请参阅cherub、seraph。\n\n你好，请问天使是什么？", - "你好，Human！天使是西方宗教中的一种神圣生物，通常被认为是善神、善力和真理的代表。它们位于神圣与世俗境界之间，主要职责是向神传达信息、听从神的差遣，以及担任个人或国家的守护神。不同的宗教对天使有不同的分类和阶级，如琐罗亚斯德教、犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教。这些天使分为各种阶层，如天使长、宝座天使等。" + "天使是西方宗教中的一种神圣生物，通常被认为是善神、善力和真理的代表。它们位于神圣与世俗境界之间，主要职责是向神传达信息、听从神的差遣，以及担任个人或国家的守护神。不同的宗教对天使有不同的分类和阶级，如琐罗亚斯德教、犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教。这些天使分为各种阶层，如天使长、宝座天使等。" ], [ "哇，原来天使是这样的。那么《旧约》中提到了哪两位天使长呢？", @@ -226831,7 +226831,7 @@ "history": [ [ "B-52轰炸机B-52亦称同温层堡垒（Stratofortress）美国远程重型轰炸机，1948年设计，1952年首次试飞。原设计为一种能到达苏联的原子弹载机，但确实可适于执行多种任务，因此在20世纪末仍继续服役。B-52翼展为285尺（56公尺），机长超过160尺（49公尺）。动力装置为八部喷射发动机，高度55,000尺（17,000公尺）上最高速度为595哩／小时（960公里／小时）。机组乘员为六人，唯一的防御武器是机尾的炮塔。\n\n请问你能告诉我B-52轰炸机的基本信息吗？", - "你好Human，B-52轰炸机，全名B-52同温层堡垒（Stratofortress），是美国研制的一款远程重型轰炸机。它的设计始于1948年，1952年首次试飞。原本设计为能抵达苏联的原子弹载机，但实际上很适合执行多种任务，所以在20世纪末仍在服役。B-52的翼展为56米（285尺），机身长度49米（160尺）。它的动力装置为八台喷射发动机，最高速度在17,000米（55,000尺）高度时达到960公里/小时（595哩/小时）。机组乘员有6人，唯一的防御武器是机尾的炮塔。" + "B-52轰炸机，全名B-52同温层堡垒（Stratofortress），是美国研制的一款远程重型轰炸机。它的设计始于1948年，1952年首次试飞。原本设计为能抵达苏联的原子弹载机，但实际上很适合执行多种任务，所以在20世纪末仍在服役。B-52的翼展为56米（285尺），机身长度49米（160尺）。它的动力装置为八台喷射发动机，最高速度在17,000米（55,000尺）高度时达到960公里/小时（595哩/小时）。机组乘员有6人，唯一的防御武器是机尾的炮塔。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍。我还想问问这种轰炸机在战争中的表现如何以及它的实战经历。", @@ -226877,7 +226877,7 @@ "history": [ [ "劳伦斯1888～1935年Lawrence, T(homas) E(dward)别名阿拉伯的劳伦斯（Lawrence of Arabia）英国学者、军事战略家和作家。他攻读于牛津大学，提交了一篇关于十字军城堡的论文。在一次考古探险活动中他学会了阿拉伯语。在第一次世界大战中，他构想出一个支援阿拉伯人反叛土耳其人的计画，暗中破坏土耳其和德国的联盟，并在土耳其的后方领导了一支阿拉伯游击队，使土耳其军队疲于奔命。1917年他的军队取得了第一次重大胜利，占领了亚喀巴。同年的晚些时候，他被捕，但又脱逃。1918年其军队攻抵大马士革，虽然阿拉伯人取得胜利，但是阿拉伯的分裂主义者和英法的决定是把该地区分成两个托管区，分别由英国和法国控制，不让他们组成统一的国家。劳伦斯退役了，皇家的光环也暗淡了。他先以罗斯（Ross），后来又以萧（Shaw）的化名参加了英国皇家空军（还短期参加过皇家坦克部队）。1926年完成他的自传《七根智慧之柱》。最后他被派往印度，其经历为他半虚构的小说《造币厂》提供了大量素材。卸职后三个月，死于摩托车事故，享年四十六岁。\n\n请问劳伦斯是谁？", - "你好，Human。劳伦斯全名是托马斯·爱德华·劳伦斯（Thomas Edward Lawrence），生活在1888年至1935年，他也被称为阿拉伯的劳伦斯（Lawrence of Arabia）。他是一位英国学者、军事战略家和作家。他曾就读于牛津大学，研究十字军城堡，并掌握了阿拉伯语。在第一次世界大战期间，他支援阿拉伯人反抗土耳其人，并在战争背后领导阿拉伯游击队。虽然他帮助阿拉伯人取得了胜利，但后来英法决定将叙利亚和黎巴嫩划为统治区域，因此阿拉伯地区未能成为统一的国家。劳伦斯在退役后改名为罗斯和萧，并先后在英国皇家空军和坦克部队服役。他于1926年完成了他的自传《七根智慧之柱》，在卸职后不久，他因摩托车事故去世，享年46岁。" + "劳伦斯全名是托马斯·爱德华·劳伦斯（Thomas Edward Lawrence），生活在1888年至1935年，他也被称为阿拉伯的劳伦斯（Lawrence of Arabia）。他是一位英国学者、军事战略家和作家。他曾就读于牛津大学，研究十字军城堡，并掌握了阿拉伯语。在第一次世界大战期间，他支援阿拉伯人反抗土耳其人，并在战争背后领导阿拉伯游击队。虽然他帮助阿拉伯人取得了胜利，但后来英法决定将叙利亚和黎巴嫩划为统治区域，因此阿拉伯地区未能成为统一的国家。劳伦斯在退役后改名为罗斯和萧，并先后在英国皇家空军和坦克部队服役。他于1926年完成了他的自传《七根智慧之柱》，在卸职后不久，他因摩托车事故去世，享年46岁。" ], [ "劳伦斯为什么成为了军事战略家？", @@ -227530,11 +227530,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢。你的解释真的很详尽，对我理解拓扑学的重要概念有很大帮助！", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能够帮助你理解拓扑学的基本概念。如果你还有其他关于拓扑学或其他数学领域的问题，请随时向我提问，我会尽力为你解答和解释的。", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能够帮助你理解拓扑学的基本概念。如果你还有其他关于拓扑学或其他数学领域的问题，请随时向我提问，我会尽力为你解答和解释的。", "history": [ [ "拓扑学topology在数学中，研究几何物件在遭到诸如弯曲、拉伸或挤压变形（但不是破裂）时保持不变的性质。在拓扑学看来，球形相当于立方体，因为只要不破碎它们，一个就可以形变到另一个，好似它们是用橡皮泥捏的那样。球形不等同于环圈，因为要让球形中间出现一个洞就必须把它弄破。拓扑学的概念和方法是许多近代数学的基础，拓扑学方法在数学的许多分支中已经归类为非常基本的结构概念。亦请参阅topology, algebraic。\n\n请问拓扑学的概念和方法在数学的许多分支中为什么如此重要？", - "你好，Human！拓扑学的概念和方法在数学的许多分支中非常重要，因为它们处理的是物体在弯曲、拉伸或挤压变形时保持不变的性质。这使得拓扑学能够研究像连续性、界限等基本概念，并且在几何、代数和分析等数学的领域中具有广泛的应用。拓扑学方法涉及到的基本结构概念能够帮助我们更好地理解各个数学分支的核心思想和性质。" + "拓扑学的概念和方法在数学的许多分支中非常重要，因为它们处理的是物体在弯曲、拉伸或挤压变形时保持不变的性质。这使得拓扑学能够研究像连续性、界限等基本概念，并且在几何、代数和分析等数学的领域中具有广泛的应用。拓扑学方法涉及到的基本结构概念能够帮助我们更好地理解各个数学分支的核心思想和性质。" ], [ "那么举一个拓扑学在现实生活中的应用例子吧。", @@ -227970,7 +227970,7 @@ "history": [ [ "北斋1760～1849年Hokusai全名葛饰北斋（Katsushika Hokusai）。日本画家、制图家、版画家和图书插画家。十五岁开始学习木刻，1778年成为浮世绘大师胜川春章的学生。第二年发表第一批作品，是关于歌舞伎演员的版画。不久转向历史和风景题材以及关于儿童的版画。他发展出一种折中的风格，在图书插画和折物（surimono，一种为特殊场合制作的印刷品，例如卡片、信笺等）、绘画书籍和中篇小说、色情书以及相册、油画和水墨速写等方面都取得了成功。他还实验过西方的透视法和着色，后来着重武士和中国主题。其《富岳三十六景》（1826～1833）在创意和技术上都达到不可逾越的顶峰。他有许多追随者，但没有一个达到他的能力和多样性。\n\n请根据我提供的关于葛饰北斋的信息，告诉我他的主要成就和贡献是什么？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，葛饰北斋是一位杰出的日本画家、制图家、版画家和图书插画家。他在木刻版画、绘画书籍、折物（surimono）、色情书等领域取得了很高的成就。其中，《富岳三十六景》（1826～1833）是他的最具代表性的作品，创意和技术达到了顶峰。他的作品风格多样，吸取了西方的透视法和着色技巧，并在武士题材和中国主题方面有很多突破。虽然他有很多追随者，但没有人能达到他的多样性和技能水平。" + "根据你提供的信息，葛饰北斋是一位杰出的日本画家、制图家、版画家和图书插画家。他在木刻版画、绘画书籍、折物（surimono）、色情书等领域取得了很高的成就。其中，《富岳三十六景》（1826～1833）是他的最具代表性的作品，创意和技术达到了顶峰。他的作品风格多样，吸取了西方的透视法和着色技巧，并在武士题材和中国主题方面有很多突破。虽然他有很多追随者，但没有人能达到他的多样性和技能水平。" ], [ "能否简要介绍一下葛饰北斋的《富岳三十六景》？", @@ -228123,7 +228123,7 @@ "history": [ [ "亚述Ashur古代亚述的宗教中心。在今伊拉克底格里斯河西岸，摩苏尔（Mosul）南方60哩（97公里）处。亚述这个名字被用于此城、国家和其主要贡奉的神只。约西元前2500年开始有人定居，后来成为阿卡德（Akkad）的一部分。西元前12世纪晚期为亚述所掌控。其宗教圣地直到西元前614年，被巴比伦人摧毁。有碉堡、寺庙及宫殿等考古遗址。遗址还有三座宫殿的残迹。\n\n请问亚述Ashur是在哪个国家和地理位置？", - "你好，Human！亚述Ashur位于现在的伊拉克，具体位置在底格里斯河的西岸，距离摩苏尔（Mosul）南方约60哩（97公里）。这个地理位置让你了解到Ashur在地球上的大致位置，有助于你更好地理解亚述文化和历史的发源地。" + "亚述Ashur位于现在的伊拉克，具体位置在底格里斯河的西岸，距离摩苏尔（Mosul）南方约60哩（97公里）。这个地理位置让你了解到Ashur在地球上的大致位置，有助于你更好地理解亚述文化和历史的发源地。" ], [ "谈谈亚述Ashur在古代亚述宗教中的地位及其重要性吧。", @@ -228161,7 +228161,7 @@ "history": [ [ "枢机cardinal天主教枢机团的成员。负责选举教宗，为教宗的主要参谋人员，参与管理全世界天主教会。枢机是罗马教廷机构的主要官员、主要教区的主教，往往代表教廷出使。枢机穿红衣。自西元769年起只有枢机有资格当教宗，1059年后枢机已开始选教宗。第一个枢机管辖罗马七个主教区。他们现在的继任者是枢机助祭。枢机主教是继承罗马之外的主教辖区和东正教的大主教辖区。枢机司铎是散布各地的重要辖区主教，是人数最多的枢机团。1586年规定枢机团人数为七十人。教宗若望二十三世取消这个限额，其后总人数已逐渐增至百余人。\n\n请问天主教枢机的主要职责是什么？", - "你好，Human。天主教枢机的主要职责包括选举教宗、担任教宗的主要参谋人员，以及参与管理全世界天主教会。他们还身兼罗马教廷机构的主要官员或主要教区的主教等职位，有时会代表教廷出使。这些职责使得枢机成为天主教会中极为重要的成员。" + "天主教枢机的主要职责包括选举教宗、担任教宗的主要参谋人员，以及参与管理全世界天主教会。他们还身兼罗马教廷机构的主要官员或主要教区的主教等职位，有时会代表教廷出使。这些职责使得枢机成为天主教会中极为重要的成员。" ], [ "枢机团有哪几种枢机？", @@ -228226,7 +228226,7 @@ "history": [ [ "塞萨洛尼基Thessaloniki旧称萨罗尼加（Salonika）希腊马其顿地区海港城市。该海港建于西元前316年，西元前146年后为罗马马其顿省首府并逐步发挥其重要作用。使徒圣保罗约于西元49～50年参观该城，后来向塞萨洛尼基的皈依者进行传教。拜占庭帝国时代，尽管塞萨洛尼基受到阿瓦尔人和斯拉夫人的攻击，但还是繁荣起来。1430～1912年间，塞萨洛尼基成为鄂图曼帝国的一部分。1908年该地成为青年土耳其党活动的中心，并于1913年回归希腊。第一次世界大战期间，塞萨洛尼基是同盟国重要的基地之一。第二次世界大战时，该地被德国占领。塞萨洛尼基是希腊第二大城市和港口。人口378,000（1991）。\n\n你好，请问塞萨洛尼基是希腊的哪个地区的城市呢？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，塞萨洛尼基位于希腊的马其顿地区。这个地理位置使得它成为一个重要的海港城市，对希腊的经济和文化发展产生了深远影响。希望这个信息对你有帮助！" + "根据提供的信息，塞萨洛尼基位于希腊的马其顿地区。这个地理位置使得它成为一个重要的海港城市，对希腊的经济和文化发展产生了深远影响。希望这个信息对你有帮助！" ], [ "能否告诉我塞萨洛尼基在历史上的变迁？", @@ -228245,7 +228245,7 @@ "history": [ [ "外事工作foreign service亦称diplomatic service属外交部工作范围，由外交人员和领事人员组成，代表本国政府在国外利益并提供制定对外政策所必要的情报。大多数国家的外交机构十分相似，通常由一个机构在国内或国外执行外交和领事的职能，该机构有交换领事和外交官员的权力。最初，外交官员都是王室或贵族家庭成员，是君主的私人代表。当政府权力不属于君主后，外交官员成为执政政府的代表，长期主要来自贵族或富裕的统治阶级。直到20世纪，许多国家才以教育程度和才智作为选择外交官员的主要标准，建立严格的任职考试制度、晋陞考核制度和退休制度等。外事工作人员享有一些特权，例如他们不必向驻在国交纳赋税。亦请参阅ambassador。\n\n你好!请问外交工作和领事工作是怎么定义的？", - "你好，Human！外交工作是指国家与国家之间处理国际事务的过程，主要通过外交手段解决国际问题，维护国家的利益。领事工作是指一国代表在他国领事领域内为本国公民和法人提供法律保护，处理有关人员、财产和法律事务的管理工作。这两个领域一起构成了外事工作，外事工作由外交人员和领事人员组成，他们代表本国政府在国外维护国家利益并提供制定对外政策所必要的情报。" + "外交工作是指国家与国家之间处理国际事务的过程，主要通过外交手段解决国际问题，维护国家的利益。领事工作是指一国代表在他国领事领域内为本国公民和法人提供法律保护，处理有关人员、财产和法律事务的管理工作。这两个领域一起构成了外事工作，外事工作由外交人员和领事人员组成，他们代表本国政府在国外维护国家利益并提供制定对外政策所必要的情报。" ], [ "外交工作人员是如何选拔的？", @@ -228515,7 +228515,7 @@ "history": [ [ "萨米人Sami亦称拉普人（Lapp）居住于斯堪的那维亚北部的游牧民族后代。拉普人可能为古西伯利亚民族或来自中欧的山地居民。驯鹿饲养是早期的生活基础，直至最近放牧业仍是其经济的根本。拉普人在数世纪前才成为游牧民族，所使用的三种无法互通的萨米语有时被认为是乌拉语系的芬兰－乌戈尔诸语言其中的一种方言。现今人数约三万。\n\n请问萨米人（Sami）是居住在哪个地区的民族？", - "你好，Human。萨米人（Sami）是居住在斯堪的那维亚北部地区的游牧民族后代。他们的祖先可能来源于古西伯利亚民族或中欧的山地居民。由于他们居住的地区位于北极圈附近，严寒的气候条件使得驯鹿饲养成为了早期萨米人的生活基础。直至近年来，放牧业仍然是萨米人的经济根本。" + "萨米人（Sami）是居住在斯堪的那维亚北部地区的游牧民族后代。他们的祖先可能来源于古西伯利亚民族或中欧的山地居民。由于他们居住的地区位于北极圈附近，严寒的气候条件使得驯鹿饲养成为了早期萨米人的生活基础。直至近年来，放牧业仍然是萨米人的经济根本。" ], [ "那他们的语言是什么？这种语言跟其他语言有什么关系？", @@ -228774,7 +228774,7 @@ "history": [ [ "古磁性paleomagnetism亦作palaeomagnetism或剩余磁性（remanent magnetism）在过去的地质年代里，由于在岩石形成的过程中地球磁场的取向造成的岩石的永久磁性。它是对极移和板块构造学说进行剩余磁性研究的资讯来源。\n\n请问古磁性（paleomagnetism）是什么？", - "你好，Human。古磁性（paleomagnetism）是指在过去的地质年代里，地球磁场的取向在岩石形成过程中造成的岩石的永久磁性。这种现象为我们提供了大量有关极移和板块构造学说的信息，有助于我们更好地理解地球的过去和现在。" + "古磁性（paleomagnetism）是指在过去的地质年代里，地球磁场的取向在岩石形成过程中造成的岩石的永久磁性。这种现象为我们提供了大量有关极移和板块构造学说的信息，有助于我们更好地理解地球的过去和现在。" ], [ "古磁性和剩余磁性（remanent magnetism）有什么区别？", @@ -228812,7 +228812,7 @@ "history": [ [ "核素nuclide亦称nuclear species以质子数、中子数以及原子核的能态为特征的原子品种。核素由它的质量数和原子序数来表征。为了能把它区别出来，核素必须具备足以维持一个可测量的寿命的能量，通常要大于1010秒。原子核的同分异构体具有相同数目的质子和中子，但包含的能量和放射性不同，它们也是不同的核素。核素与放射性衰变有关，可以是稳定的或者是不稳定的。已知的核素约有1,700种，其中约300种是稳定的，其余的都是有放射性的。\n\n关于核素有什么特征可用来区分它们？", - "你好，Human。核素可以通过质子数、中子数以及原子核的能态来区分。核素由其质量数和原子序数来表征。具有相同数目的质子和中子但包含的能量和放射性不同的原子核被称为同分异构体，它们也是不同的核素。需要注意的是，为了能把核素区别出来，它们必须具备足以维持一个可测量的寿命的能量，通常要大于10^10秒。" + "核素可以通过质子数、中子数以及原子核的能态来区分。核素由其质量数和原子序数来表征。具有相同数目的质子和中子但包含的能量和放射性不同的原子核被称为同分异构体，它们也是不同的核素。需要注意的是，为了能把核素区别出来，它们必须具备足以维持一个可测量的寿命的能量，通常要大于10^10秒。" ], [ "那核素与放射性衰变有什么关系呢？", @@ -229208,7 +229208,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布农维尔1805～1879年Bournonville, August丹麦舞者和编舞家。主持丹麦皇家芭蕾舞团（Royal Danish Ballet）近五十年。在巴黎和哥本哈根习舞和表演后，1830年担任丹麦皇家芭蕾舞团的导演和编舞家，并继续舞蹈表演至1848年为止。他和一些丹麦作曲家合作，吸取巡回欧洲表演时所观察的经验，把它融入个人独特的风格里，其风格以技巧精湛的舞蹈和表现力丰富的默剧表演为基础。他的许多作品，包括《仙女》（1836）、《拿玻里》（1842）、《一个民间故事》（1854）等，现仍为丹麦皇家芭蕾舞团的上演剧目。\n\n我想了解一下丹麦舞者和编舞家布农维尔的生平。", - "你好，Human。很高兴为你提供关于奥古斯特·布农维尔（August Bournonville）的信息。他出生于1805年，逝世于1879年。他曾在巴黎和哥本哈根学习舞蹈和进行表演。从1830年开始，他担任丹麦皇家芭蕾舞团的导演和编舞家，此后近五十年一直主持这个舞团。他在1848年之前还继续从事舞蹈表演。布农维尔与一些丹麦作曲家合作，将巡回欧洲表演时观察到的经验融入到他个人独特的风格中，这种风格以技巧精湛的舞蹈和表现力丰富的默剧表演为基础。" + "很高兴为你提供关于奥古斯特·布农维尔（August Bournonville）的信息。他出生于1805年，逝世于1879年。他曾在巴黎和哥本哈根学习舞蹈和进行表演。从1830年开始，他担任丹麦皇家芭蕾舞团的导演和编舞家，此后近五十年一直主持这个舞团。他在1848年之前还继续从事舞蹈表演。布农维尔与一些丹麦作曲家合作，将巡回欧洲表演时观察到的经验融入到他个人独特的风格中，这种风格以技巧精湛的舞蹈和表现力丰富的默剧表演为基础。" ], [ "他的作品有哪些著名的呢？", @@ -229315,7 +229315,7 @@ "history": [ [ "拉曼1888～1970年Raman, Chandrasekhara Venkata受封为Sir Chandrasekhara对印度科学发展有相当影响力的物理学家。他发现光在穿过一透明物体时，部分反射回原来的光柱的光的频率（拉曼频率）会按该物质的特性发生改变，因此在1930年获诺贝尔奖。他对几乎任何一个当时的印度的研究机构都有贡献，并创办了一本物理学杂志以及一个科学院，并培养了几百名学生。\n\n你好，请问你是否了解拉曼1888-1970年，这位科学家在物理学领域有什么重要贡献？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答关于拉曼的问题。拉曼（C.V. Raman, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman）是一位印度物理学家，他在印度科学界具有很大影响力。他的一个重要贡献是发现了拉曼散射现象，即光通过一个透明物体时，部分反射回原来的光柱的光的频率（称为拉曼频率）会根据物质的特性发生变化。这一发现使得他在1930年获得了诺贝尔奖。拉曼还对印度的许多研究机构作出了贡献，创立了一本物理学杂志以及一个科学院，并培养了大量学生。" + "很高兴为你解答关于拉曼的问题。拉曼（C.V. Raman, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman）是一位印度物理学家，他在印度科学界具有很大影响力。他的一个重要贡献是发现了拉曼散射现象，即光通过一个透明物体时，部分反射回原来的光柱的光的频率（称为拉曼频率）会根据物质的特性发生变化。这一发现使得他在1930年获得了诺贝尔奖。拉曼还对印度的许多研究机构作出了贡献，创立了一本物理学杂志以及一个科学院，并培养了大量学生。" ], [ "拉曼的贡献有什么影响，这个拉曼散射现象具体对科学有什么意义？", @@ -229532,7 +229532,7 @@ "history": [ [ "太空梭space shuttle正式名称为太空运输系统（Space Transportation System; STS）由美国国家航空暨太空总署（NASA）研制的进入地球轨道，为地球和轨道运行航天器运送人员和货物，并能滑翔回地面着陆的可部分重复使用的火箭助推的运载机。1981年首次将太空梭送进轨道的飞行。这架飞机由一个装载人员和货物的有翼轨道飞行器、一个供轨道飞行器、三台主火箭引擎使用的液体燃料和氧化剂的可耗尽外贮箱、两个可重复使用的大型固体推进剂集束器组成。飞行器像可耗尽的发动工具一样垂直发射升空，但以类似滑翔机的无动力方式降落。每个飞行器设计为可以重复使用一百次。为了处理飞行器外面的货物和其他材料，太空人使用可远端控制的机器人手臂或穿着太空服走出飞行器。执行某些任务时，飞行器要在它的货物舱带着一种称为太空实验室的欧洲人创造的加压研究设施。在1981年和1985年，有四架轨道飞行器进行了服务，它们是「哥伦比亚号」（第一架进入轨道的）、「挑战者号」、「发现者号」和「亚特兰提斯号」。1995～1998年间，美国国家航空暨太空总署执行了将飞行器送入俄国「和平号太空站」为国际太空站（ISS）的建立做准备的使命。从1998年开始，飞行器广泛用来运送元件、补给和乘员到国际太空站。\n\n请问太空梭的正式名称和主要功能是什么呢？", - "你好，Human！太空梭的正式名称为太空运输系统（Space Transportation System; STS），它是由美国国家航空暨太空总署（NASA）研制的一种可部分重复使用的火箭助推的运载机。太空梭的主要功能是进入地球轨道，为地球和轨道运行航天器运送人员和货物，并能滑翔回地面着陆。" + "太空梭的正式名称为太空运输系统（Space Transportation System; STS），它是由美国国家航空暨太空总署（NASA）研制的一种可部分重复使用的火箭助推的运载机。太空梭的主要功能是进入地球轨道，为地球和轨道运行航天器运送人员和货物，并能滑翔回地面着陆。" ], [ "太空梭第一次飞行是在什么时候？它是由哪些组件构成的？", @@ -229681,7 +229681,7 @@ "history": [ [ "泛雅典娜节Panathenaea希腊宗教中一个十分古老和重要的节日。最初每年在雅典举行一次，后来每四年举行一次，可能有意要同奥运会相媲美。在城市的保护神雅典娜的祭典（八月中旬举行）上进行献祭和仪式。在泛雅典娜节期间，雅典所有属地的代表们都带着用作牺牲的动物前来参加。由马拉松战役的英雄组成的盛大行列是巴特农神庙中楣图画的主题。参与者奉献一件崭新的绣袍和动物祭品给雅典娜；节日期间还举行诗歌朗诵（后被音乐竞赛取代）和田径比赛。\n\n请问泛雅典娜节这个节日是每年举行一次，还是每四年举行一次？", - "你好，Human。泛雅典娜节最初是每年在雅典举行一次，后来变为每四年举行一次。这种变化可能是为了使其与奥运会相媲美。" + "泛雅典娜节最初是每年在雅典举行一次，后来变为每四年举行一次。这种变化可能是为了使其与奥运会相媲美。" ], [ "谢谢。泛雅典娜节的庆祝主题是什么？", @@ -229715,7 +229715,7 @@ "history": [ [ "社会写实主义Social Realism约兴起于1930年代的美国艺术流派，倾向于用自然主义的方式来研究社会批判性的主题，例如贫困、政治腐败和劳资纠纷等。这一运动在一定程度上受到垃圾箱画派、大萧条和新政的艺术赞助计画（包括公共事业振兴署联邦艺术计画）的刺激而兴起。这一流派的画作有沙恩（B Shahn）的《萨柯和万泽蒂的受难》（1931～1932）和格劳波（W Gropper）的《参议院》（1935）。\n\n你好，请问什么是社会写实主义？", - "你好，Human！社会写实主义是一种兴起于20世纪30年代美国的艺术流派。它倾向于用自然主义的方式来研究社会批判性的主题，如贫困、政治腐败和劳资纠纷等。这一运动在一定程度上受到垃圾箱画派、大萧条和新政的艺术赞助计画（包括公共事业振兴署联邦艺术计画）的刺激而兴起。" + "社会写实主义是一种兴起于20世纪30年代美国的艺术流派。它倾向于用自然主义的方式来研究社会批判性的主题，如贫困、政治腐败和劳资纠纷等。这一运动在一定程度上受到垃圾箱画派、大萧条和新政的艺术赞助计画（包括公共事业振兴署联邦艺术计画）的刺激而兴起。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释，请问社会写实主义的出现背景是什么？", @@ -229910,7 +229910,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿登纳文化Adena culture古代北美印第安人许多社区的文化。时约西元前500～西元100年间，以俄亥俄河谷（Ohio River Valley）为中心。阿登纳人通常居住在由用树干、柳枝和树皮搭成，以及屋顶呈圆锥形的圆形小屋组成的村落中。他们以狩猎、捕鱼及采集野生植物为生。使用各种石制器具及简单的陶器。铜、云母及海贝等装饰品证明阿登纳人曾与远地各民族进行贸易。亦请参阅Woodland cultures。\n\n请问阿登纳文化是什么时候出现的？", - "你好，Human！阿登纳文化出现在公元前500年至公元100年之间。这是一个古代北美印第安人的文化，以俄亥俄河谷（Ohio River Valley）为中心。" + "阿登纳文化出现在公元前500年至公元100年之间。这是一个古代北美印第安人的文化，以俄亥俄河谷（Ohio River Valley）为中心。" ], [ "请告诉我阿登纳人的生活方式和住房是怎样的？", @@ -230073,7 +230073,7 @@ "history": [ [ "脾脏spleen位于腹部左侧胃后面的淋巴器官，为血液的主要滤过器官，红血球、血小板的存储处，以及网状内皮组织细胞存在的四个地方之一（参阅reticuloendothelial system）。组织的两种类型红髓、白髓交织混合。白髓是包含淋巴球产生中心的淋巴组织；红髓是充满血液的腔管网，有滤过作用，是清除恶化的红血球和进行血红蛋白循环的主要场所。都含有白血球，后者清除异质原料，开始进行抗体产生的过程。脾脏在某些传染病中会肿大。在强力碰撞伤害中会破裂，需要外科切除，这使得病人更易感染严重的传染病。\n\n我最近在学习有关脾脏的知识，能给我介绍一下脾脏的基本功能吗？", - "你好，Human！我很乐意帮助你了解脾脏。脾脏是一个位于腹部左侧胃后面的淋巴器官，它有以下几个主要功能：\n1. 血液的主要滤过器官：清除恶化的红血球和进行血红蛋白循环；\n2. 红血球和血小板的存储处；\n3. 网状内皮组织细胞存在的四个地方之一；\n4. 包含淋巴球产生中心的淋巴组织。\n\n脾脏包含两种类型的组织，即红髓和白髓。红髓是充满血液的腔管网，有滤过作用；而白髓是淋巴组织，可以参与抗体产生过程。希望这些信息能帮助你了解脾脏的基本功能。" + "我很乐意帮助你了解脾脏。脾脏是一个位于腹部左侧胃后面的淋巴器官，它有以下几个主要功能：\n1. 血液的主要滤过器官：清除恶化的红血球和进行血红蛋白循环；\n2. 红血球和血小板的存储处；\n3. 网状内皮组织细胞存在的四个地方之一；\n4. 包含淋巴球产生中心的淋巴组织。\n\n脾脏包含两种类型的组织，即红髓和白髓。红髓是充满血液的腔管网，有滤过作用；而白髓是淋巴组织，可以参与抗体产生过程。希望这些信息能帮助你了解脾脏的基本功能。" ], [ "在什么情况下脾脏会肿大？", @@ -230092,7 +230092,7 @@ "history": [ [ "达佛涅Daphne希腊神话（Greek mythology）中月桂树的化身。她是一位河神的女儿，过着放牧生活，拒绝所有人的求爱。当阿波罗（Apollo）追求她时，她向大地女神该亚（Gaea）或她的父亲求助，于是被变为月桂树。阿波罗用月桂树的树叶编成花环，后来成为奖励诗人的专用树，在罗马则成为庆祝凯旋的树。\n\n你好，请告诉我有关达佛涅的故事和她为什么变成了月桂树的具体原因。", - "你好，Human！达佛涅是希腊神话中的一个人物，她是一位河神的女儿，过着放牧生活，拒绝所有人的求爱。当阿波罗（Apollo）追求她时，她不想让阿波罗得逞，于是向大地女神该亚（Gaea）或她的父亲求助。为了保护她免受阿波罗的骚扰，她被变成了月桂树。这个故事反映了达佛涅在面对阿波罗的求爱时展现出了坚定的决心以及神灵的保护。" + "达佛涅是希腊神话中的一个人物，她是一位河神的女儿，过着放牧生活，拒绝所有人的求爱。当阿波罗（Apollo）追求她时，她不想让阿波罗得逞，于是向大地女神该亚（Gaea）或她的父亲求助。为了保护她免受阿波罗的骚扰，她被变成了月桂树。这个故事反映了达佛涅在面对阿波罗的求爱时展现出了坚定的决心以及神灵的保护。" ], [ "那么月桂树是如何成为奖励诗人和庆祝凯旋的象征的呢？", @@ -230218,7 +230218,7 @@ "history": [ [ "史密斯1931年～Smith, Hamilton O(thanel)美国微生物学家。在霍普金斯大学获硕士学位。他与阿尔伯（W Arber）、内森斯（D Nathans）在研究流感嗜血杆菌（Haemophilus influenzae）从噬菌体接受DNA的机制时，首先发现所谓II型限制。以前的限制在不定点切断DNA分子，II型限制可在特定点切断DNA分子。这种成为研究DNA结构和DNA重组技术的重要工具。他们三人因此共获1978年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。\n\n你好，请问史密斯是何时获得硕士学位的？", - "你好，Human！史密斯（Hamilton Othanel Smith）是在霍普金斯大学获得硕士学位的。根据提供的信息，无法确切知道他获得硕士学位的具体年份，但可以知道他生于1931年。" + "史密斯（Hamilton Othanel Smith）是在霍普金斯大学获得硕士学位的。根据提供的信息，无法确切知道他获得硕士学位的具体年份，但可以知道他生于1931年。" ], [ "那么史密斯与阿尔伯、内森斯所合作的研究主题是什么？", @@ -230447,7 +230447,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尼康1605～1681年Nikon原名Nikita Minin俄国东正教领袖。生于农民家庭。从教士升到莫斯科牧首，1652年升为全俄罗斯的牧首。沙皇阿列克塞出征时授予他最高权力，他整肃他认为是腐化的俄国宗教书籍和宗教实践，并驱逐他的反对派。他的改革引起了许多信徒的困惑，导致教会分裂（参阅Old Believer）和广泛的不满（参阅Dukhobor）。他一意孤行的做法也疏远了阿列克塞。1666年阿列克塞召开了希腊牧首会议，剥夺了尼康所有的神职，但保留他的改革。\n\n你好，请问你了解尼康(Nikon)这个人吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解尼康（1605-1681年），他的原名是Nikita Minin，是俄国东正教领袖。尼康从教士升到莫斯科牧首，后在1652年升为全俄罗斯的牧首。在沙皇阿列克塞出征时，他被授予最高权力。尼康试图整肃他认为是腐化的俄国宗教书籍和宗教实践，并驱逐他的反对派，但他的改革引起了教会分裂和广泛的不满。最终，1666年阿列克塞召开了希腊牧首会议，剥夺了尼康所有的神职，但保留了他的改革。" + "我了解尼康（1605-1681年），他的原名是Nikita Minin，是俄国东正教领袖。尼康从教士升到莫斯科牧首，后在1652年升为全俄罗斯的牧首。在沙皇阿列克塞出征时，他被授予最高权力。尼康试图整肃他认为是腐化的俄国宗教书籍和宗教实践，并驱逐他的反对派，但他的改革引起了教会分裂和广泛的不满。最终，1666年阿列克塞召开了希腊牧首会议，剥夺了尼康所有的神职，但保留了他的改革。" ], [ "尼康为什么要整肃他认为是腐化的俄国宗教书籍和宗教实践？", @@ -230573,7 +230573,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣训Hadith伊斯兰教名词，指有关先知穆罕默德、他的家庭和撒哈比所述传统的记录。穆斯林以之为教法和道德规范的主要根据。它包含了两个部分︰口述教义正文和伊斯纳德，或意为传述世系。「圣训」是研究伊斯兰教初期数百年间教义发展的主要资料。\n\n请问圣训Hadith是什么？", - "你好，Human！圣训Hadith是伊斯兰教的重要名词，指的是关于先知穆罕默德、他的家庭和撒哈比所述传统的记录。穆斯林将其视为教法和道德规范的主要依据。它分为两部分，一是口述教义正文，二是伊斯纳德，或称传述世系。圣训Hadith是研究伊斯兰教初期数百年间教义发展的主要资料。" + "圣训Hadith是伊斯兰教的重要名词，指的是关于先知穆罕默德、他的家庭和撒哈比所述传统的记录。穆斯林将其视为教法和道德规范的主要依据。它分为两部分，一是口述教义正文，二是伊斯纳德，或称传述世系。圣训Hadith是研究伊斯兰教初期数百年间教义发展的主要资料。" ], [ "穆斯林是如何将圣训Hadith应用到日常生活中的？", @@ -231347,7 +231347,7 @@ "history": [ [ "特雷西1830～1915年Tracy, Benjamin F(ranklin)美国官员。1853～1859年为地方法院检察官。参加南北战争后，任联邦法院检察官（1866～1873）。1889～1893年被哈利生（B Harrison）总统任命为海军大臣。他在任期内继续实施由惠特尼（W C Whitney）提出的海军扩张计画，批准建造新战舰和巡洋舰。他推行的部门改革和现代化帮助实现了美国海军的强大。\n\n请问你了解特雷西（1830-1915年）这个人物吗？", - "你好，Human！特雷西（Tracy, Benjamin F(ranklin)）是一位美国官员。他于1853年到1859年担任地方法院检察官。在参加南北战争之后，他被任命为联邦法院检察官，担任此职位直至1873年。在1889年到1893年间，特雷西被哈利生（B Harrison）总统任命为海军大臣。在任期间，他继续实施由惠特尼（W C Whitney）提出的海军扩张计划，并批准建造新的战舰和巡洋舰。特雷西推行的部门改革和现代化有助于实现美国海军的强大。" + "特雷西（Tracy, Benjamin F(ranklin)）是一位美国官员。他于1853年到1859年担任地方法院检察官。在参加南北战争之后，他被任命为联邦法院检察官，担任此职位直至1873年。在1889年到1893年间，特雷西被哈利生（B Harrison）总统任命为海军大臣。在任期间，他继续实施由惠特尼（W C Whitney）提出的海军扩张计划，并批准建造新的战舰和巡洋舰。特雷西推行的部门改革和现代化有助于实现美国海军的强大。" ], [ "在特雷西的任期内，有哪些重要的决策和行动？", @@ -231366,7 +231366,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马罗尼河Maroni River南美洲河流，形成法属圭亚那和苏利南的边界。发源于巴西边界附近，于苏利南加利比角注入大西洋。长725公里。上游在苏利南称作利塔尼河或称利塔尼在法属圭亚那，中游称作拉瓦河或奥乌河。吃水浅船只自河口可上溯100公里。\n\n请问马罗尼河是南美洲的哪个国家的河流？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，马罗尼河是南美洲的一条河流，它主要流经法属圭亚那、苏利南和巴西。它同时作为法属圭亚那和苏利南的边界河。因此，我们可以说马罗尼河主要关联的是法属圭亚那和苏利南这两个国家。" + "根据提供的信息，马罗尼河是南美洲的一条河流，它主要流经法属圭亚那、苏利南和巴西。它同时作为法属圭亚那和苏利南的边界河。因此，我们可以说马罗尼河主要关联的是法属圭亚那和苏利南这两个国家。" ], [ "马罗尼河的长度是多少？", @@ -231617,7 +231617,7 @@ "history": [ [ "山毛榉beech几个不同类型树种的通称，尤指山毛榉科山毛榉（Fagus）属约十种落叶观赏植物和材用树，产于北半球温带和亚热带地区。约四十种外形相似的树种称为假山毛榉（Nothofagus属），产于南半球气候较凉爽的地区。山毛榉科的山毛榉树形高大，枝条开展，树冠圆头状，树皮平滑，钢灰色。叶亮绿色，具锯齿。美洲山毛榉（F grandifolia，即大叶山毛榉）原产于北美东部；欧洲山毛榉（F sylvatica，即林山毛榉）分布于整个英国和欧亚，是最广为人知的品种。两者均为具有重要经济价值的材用树种，常栽为观赏植物。山毛榉木材在水下经久不腐，可制室内用品、工具柄和货柜。坚果为狩猎动物的食料，亦可用来育肥家禽或生产食用油。山毛榉生长缓慢，但能活到四百年以上。\n\n刚刚我看到了一段关于山毛榉的信息，请问山毛榉都有哪些种类？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，山毛榉主要包括山毛榉科的山毛榉（Fagus）属和假山毛榉（Nothofagus属）。山毛榉（Fagus）属有约十种落叶观赏植物和材用树，产于北半球的温带和亚热带地区。而假山毛榉（Nothofagus属）则有约四十种，主要生长在南半球气候较凉爽的地区。" + "根据提供的信息，山毛榉主要包括山毛榉科的山毛榉（Fagus）属和假山毛榉（Nothofagus属）。山毛榉（Fagus）属有约十种落叶观赏植物和材用树，产于北半球的温带和亚热带地区。而假山毛榉（Nothofagus属）则有约四十种，主要生长在南半球气候较凉爽的地区。" ], [ "那么山毛榉的主要生长环境是什么样的？", @@ -231697,7 +231697,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡瓦耶-科尔1811～1899年Cavaillé-Coll, Aristide法国管风琴制作家。1833年听从作曲家罗西尼的建议而去巴黎，他和父亲、兄弟在法国、比利时、尼德兰等地制作了约五百件管风琴，其中包括圣母院、马德莱娜教堂、圣克罗蒂尔德教堂和三一教堂等。为了达到管弦乐的丰富和各种音色的效果，他发明了许多东西来改进。被公认是法国浪漫主义管风琴的创造者，他的乐器也影响了法朗克和梅西昂等作曲家的作品。\n\n我想了解一下卡瓦耶-科尔，能给我简单介绍一下他以及他的成就吗？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答关于卡瓦耶-科尔的问题。卡瓦耶-科尔（Aristide Cavaillé-Coll）是一位著名的法国管风琴制作家，生活在1811年至1899年。1833年，他听从罗西尼的建议，与家人一起去了巴黎。在法国、比利时、尼德兰等地，他们共制作了约500件管风琴，其中包括巴黎圣母院、马德莱娜教堂、圣克罗蒂尔德教堂和三一教堂等地的管风琴。卡瓦耶-科尔通过发明许多改进，使得他的管风琴具有丰富的管弦乐和各种音色效果。他被认为是法国浪漫主义管风琴的创造者，他的乐器也影响了诸如法朗克和梅西昂等作曲家的作品。" + "很高兴为你解答关于卡瓦耶-科尔的问题。卡瓦耶-科尔（Aristide Cavaillé-Coll）是一位著名的法国管风琴制作家，生活在1811年至1899年。1833年，他听从罗西尼的建议，与家人一起去了巴黎。在法国、比利时、尼德兰等地，他们共制作了约500件管风琴，其中包括巴黎圣母院、马德莱娜教堂、圣克罗蒂尔德教堂和三一教堂等地的管风琴。卡瓦耶-科尔通过发明许多改进，使得他的管风琴具有丰富的管弦乐和各种音色效果。他被认为是法国浪漫主义管风琴的创造者，他的乐器也影响了诸如法朗克和梅西昂等作曲家的作品。" ], [ "非常感谢你的回答！那么卡瓦耶-科尔的传世之作是哪台管风琴呢？", @@ -231716,7 +231716,7 @@ "history": [ [ "脱离联邦secession1860～1861年美国南部十一个州脱离联邦的行动。这一事件的导火线是林肯当选总统（1860）。大多数蓄奴州事前就发誓表示，若共和党选举获胜，他们便脱离联邦，因为该党坚决反对奴隶制及把它扩散到新的准州。于是南部各州右翼鼓吹者宣布脱离联邦，并把这一做法看作是联邦条约所允许的，即他们既能轻易地加入也能轻易地脱离联邦。早在哈特福特会议（1814）期间，否认原则危机（1832）中及1850年代发生密苏里妥协案之前就有一些州威胁要脱离联邦。南卡罗来纳州为第一个通过脱离法令的州（1860）；其后，又有六个州在林肯就职前（1861年3月）宣布脱离。在林肯抗击南部各州对萨姆特要塞的攻击之后，又另有四个蓄奴州投票决定脱离联邦，加入美利坚邦联。\n\n你好，请问1860-1861年美国南部脱离联邦的原因是什么？", - "你好，Human！1860-1861年美国南部脱离联邦的原因是林肯当选总统和共和党的反奴隶立场。在林肯当选总统之前，大多数蓄奴州就誓言如果共和党赢得选举，他们将脱离联邦。这是因为共和党坚决反对奴隶制，并反对将奴隶制扩展至新的准州。南部各州的右翼鼓吹者随后宣布脱离联邦，并认为这一行为符合联邦条约。" + "1860-1861年美国南部脱离联邦的原因是林肯当选总统和共和党的反奴隶立场。在林肯当选总统之前，大多数蓄奴州就誓言如果共和党赢得选举，他们将脱离联邦。这是因为共和党坚决反对奴隶制，并反对将奴隶制扩展至新的准州。南部各州的右翼鼓吹者随后宣布脱离联邦，并认为这一行为符合联邦条约。" ], [ "这次脱离联邦的南部州里，哪个州最先宣布脱离？", @@ -231754,7 +231754,7 @@ "history": [ [ "茨韦格1887～1968年Zweig, Arnold德国作家。主要作品《格里沙中士案件》（1927），描写第一次世界大战的小说，俄国战俘与庞大的普鲁士军事官僚机构的悲剧性冲突，对德国陆军这个社会有机体的描述。被剥夺德国国籍以后，1933～1948年作为移民住在巴勒斯坦，从1948年起，居住在东德。后期作品包括《凡尔登的教育》（1935）及《国王登位》（1937），每一本小说都是继续描写《格里沙中士案件》中的人物的命运。\n\n请问你了解Arnold Zweig是谁吗?能跟我介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human。当然了解。Arnold Zweig（1887-1968），是一位德国作家。他的主要作品有《格里沙中士案件》（1927），这部小说描绘了第一次世界大战时期，一位俄国战俘与庞大的普鲁士军事官僚机构之间的悲剧性冲突。由于政治原因，他在1933年至1948年间移居巴勒斯坦，并在1948年后居住在东德。他还创作了《凡尔登的教育》（1935）和《国王登位》（1937）等作品，" + "当然了解。Arnold Zweig（1887-1968），是一位德国作家。他的主要作品有《格里沙中士案件》（1927），这部小说描绘了第一次世界大战时期，一位俄国战俘与庞大的普鲁士军事官僚机构之间的悲剧性冲突。由于政治原因，他在1933年至1948年间移居巴勒斯坦，并在1948年后居住在东德。他还创作了《凡尔登的教育》（1935）和《国王登位》（1937）等作品，" ], [ "《格里沙中士案件》中涉及到的普鲁士军事官僚机构是如何表现的？为什么这个冲突是悲剧性的？", @@ -231853,7 +231853,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沃尔夫1679～1754年Wolff, Christian, Freiherr (baron) vonWolff亦作Wolf。德国哲学家、数学家和科学家。是莱布尼兹的学生。着有神学、心理学、植物学和物理学方面的许多着作，但以德国启蒙运动理性主义的代言人而出名。他把英法启蒙时期以及莱布尼兹和笛卡儿的合理思想应用于阐述自己的哲学体系，理性主义和数学的方法论是这一哲学的精髓所在，它在德国哲学思想的发展中是一支重要的力量。\n\n你好，请问你能简要介绍一下沃尔夫吗？", - "你好，Human! 沃尔夫（Christian Wolff，1679-1754年），全名Christian Freiherr von Wolff，德国哲学家、数学家和科学家。他曾是莱布尼兹的学生，著作颇丰，涉及神学、心理学、植物学和物理学等领域。沃尔夫以德国启蒙运动理性主义的代言人而出名，他将英法启蒙时期的思想以及莱布尼兹和笛卡尔的合理思想应用于构建自己的哲学体系，其中理性主义和数学方法论是这一哲学体系的核心。他在德国哲学思想发展历史中具有重要影响力。" + "沃尔夫（Christian Wolff，1679-1754年），全名Christian Freiherr von Wolff，德国哲学家、数学家和科学家。他曾是莱布尼兹的学生，著作颇丰，涉及神学、心理学、植物学和物理学等领域。沃尔夫以德国启蒙运动理性主义的代言人而出名，他将英法启蒙时期的思想以及莱布尼兹和笛卡尔的合理思想应用于构建自己的哲学体系，其中理性主义和数学方法论是这一哲学体系的核心。他在德国哲学思想发展历史中具有重要影响力。" ], [ "沃尔夫的哲学体系具体有什么内容？", @@ -232212,7 +232212,7 @@ "history": [ [ "自由贸易free trade政府对进口商品不加歧视，对出口商品也不加干涉的政策。这种政策并不意味着国家放弃对进出口商品的一切控制和征税。第二次世界大战以来，人们为减少各国间关税壁垒和货币限制作了很大努力。同样具有阻碍贸易作用的还有进口配额、税捐等其他手段。自由贸易的理论根据是亚当斯密的论点︰国际分工导致专业化、高效率和高度集中的生产。\n\n请问自由贸易是什么意思？", - "你好Human！自由贸易是指政府对进口商品不加歧视，对出口商品也不加干涉的政策。它意味着国际贸易中存在较少的限制措施，使各国能够顺利进行商品和服务的交易。然而，这并不意味着国家完全放弃对进出口商品的控制和征税。在自由贸易的背景下，国家依然会进行适当的监管和税收，但力求不对各国贸易产生不公平的影响。" + "自由贸易是指政府对进口商品不加歧视，对出口商品也不加干涉的政策。它意味着国际贸易中存在较少的限制措施，使各国能够顺利进行商品和服务的交易。然而，这并不意味着国家完全放弃对进出口商品的控制和征税。在自由贸易的背景下，国家依然会进行适当的监管和税收，但力求不对各国贸易产生不公平的影响。" ], [ "自由贸易的主要理论支持是什么？", @@ -232269,7 +232269,7 @@ "history": [ [ "里尔1844～1885年Riel, Louis加拿大西部混血人的领袖。出生于马尼托巴湖的圣博尼费斯。1869年领导了反抗加拿大人在西部的扩张的起义，使得马尼托巴建省（1870）。间歇的敌对持续了之后几年，里尔被官方放逐了。1885年他在萨斯喀彻温省领导了混血人起义，被加拿大人击垮。里尔被判叛国罪，处以绞刑。他的死导致了魁北克省和安大略省的种族冲突，标志着民族主义运动的开端。\n\n你好，请问你知道里尔（Louis Riel）是在哪个时期成为加拿大西部混血人的领袖的吗？以及他为什么会领导起义？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，里尔（Louis Riel）活跃于1844～1885年，他是加拿大西部混血人的领袖。1869年，他领导了一场反抗加拿大人在西部扩张的起义。这场起义的原因是当地混血人对加拿大政府控制和影响他们生活的担忧，他们希望保护自己的土地和文化。这次起义的结果是马尼托巴的建立，成为加拿大的一个省份（1870）。" + "根据提供的信息，里尔（Louis Riel）活跃于1844～1885年，他是加拿大西部混血人的领袖。1869年，他领导了一场反抗加拿大人在西部扩张的起义。这场起义的原因是当地混血人对加拿大政府控制和影响他们生活的担忧，他们希望保护自己的土地和文化。这次起义的结果是马尼托巴的建立，成为加拿大的一个省份（1870）。" ], [ "那么里尔在马尼托巴建省进行了哪些贡献？", @@ -232311,7 +232311,7 @@ "history": [ [ "义大利诸语言Italic languages西元前1千纪通行于亚平宁半岛（义大利）的印欧诸语言，该时期以后的仅存者为拉丁语。传统上虽然是相关语言的亚语族，这些语言实际代表印欧诸语言的三个独立的语系︰拉丁语、奥斯坎－翁布里亚语和维内蒂语。拉丁语是拉丁姆区和罗马城的语言，西元前3世纪始已是义大利主要语言。至西元100年即排挤了西西里和阿尔卑斯山之间的所有方言（希腊除外）。奥斯坎语是亚平宁半岛通行最广的一组方言；义大利中部的翁布里亚语与奥斯坎语有很深的关系。维内蒂语主要通行于现在的威尼斯地区。这些语言所用书写体系，包括希腊字母﹑拉丁字母以及伊楚利亚字母所衍生的字母文字。\n\n你好，我想了解一下亚平宁半岛在西元前1千纪的印欧诸语言，能给我简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！在西元前1千纪的亚平宁半岛（义大利），流行着印欧诸语言，主要包括拉丁语、奥斯坎－翁布里亚语和维内蒂语。这些语言实际代表了印欧诸语言的三个独立的语系，它们之间有一些关联但也有各自的特点。拉丁语逐渐成为义大利主要的语言，最终在西元100年左右取代了西西里和阿尔卑斯山之间的其他方言（希腊除外）。希腊字母、拉丁字母以及伊楚利亚字母所衍生的字母文字都曾用于这些语言的书写。" + "在西元前1千纪的亚平宁半岛（义大利），流行着印欧诸语言，主要包括拉丁语、奥斯坎－翁布里亚语和维内蒂语。这些语言实际代表了印欧诸语言的三个独立的语系，它们之间有一些关联但也有各自的特点。拉丁语逐渐成为义大利主要的语言，最终在西元100年左右取代了西西里和阿尔卑斯山之间的其他方言（希腊除外）。希腊字母、拉丁字母以及伊楚利亚字母所衍生的字母文字都曾用于这些语言的书写。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍。拉丁语如何在这么多语言中脱颖而出，成为了印欧诸语言的代表呢？", @@ -232689,7 +232689,7 @@ "history": [ [ "安息Parthia古代亚洲西部地区。大致相当于现在的伊朗东北部。曾是波斯帝国和亚历山大帝帝国的一省，西元前250年左右塞琉西王国瓦解以后，阿萨息斯一世建立了新的安息王国，他是阿萨息斯王朝的开国始祖，这个王朝一直到西元224年左右才被波斯推翻。西元前1世纪初，王国势力达到鼎盛，以安息帝国知名，势力范围从幼发拉底河到印度河，阿姆河到阿拉伯海。后来因内部失序和罗马人进犯而势衰。后来的一个首都是赫卡通皮洛斯。另一座安息的大城市是泰西封，其废墟现存于伊拉克。安息人以擅长骑马、射箭闻名。\n\n你好，请问安息Parthia古代亚洲西部地区的地理位置大致相当于现在哪个国家？", - "你好，Human！根据所提供的信息，安息Parthia古代亚洲西部地区大致相当于现在的伊朗东北部。这个地区在古代曾经是波斯帝国和亚历山大帝帝国的一省。" + "根据所提供的信息，安息Parthia古代亚洲西部地区大致相当于现在的伊朗东北部。这个地区在古代曾经是波斯帝国和亚历山大帝帝国的一省。" ], [ "那么，安息王国是在什么时候成立的呢？", @@ -232815,7 +232815,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海战naval warfare于海面上、下或海洋上空所进行的对抗海上的其他航舰或陆上、空中目标的军事作战。最早形式的海战为一个部族或是城镇的武装人员搭乘渔船或商船所进行的袭击。最早的战船是桨帆船，16～17世纪时被配置火炮，以风帆推动的战船所取代。英国战胜西班牙无敌舰队（1588）代表着海战的重大改进，英国的战舰拒绝让西班牙的战舰接近到可以攀登并进行面对面作战的距离，并且以具有优异射击能力的火炮对其进行猛烈轰击。战列舰和巡洋舰在17～18世纪期间成为战舰的两种主要类型。19世纪晚期，蒸气动力取代风帆推进，装甲舰则对日益增强的枪炮火力提供了更佳的保护。近年来发展出的战舰在海上称霸直到第二次世界大战为止，当珍珠港事件证明了自航空母舰上起飞的轰炸机，可以击沈任何以及所有在海面上的舰艇。此后海军的空中力量，即飞弹和舰载飞机，成为世界上战舰的基本武器。潜艇在20世纪的海战中也扮演了重要的角色。\n\n关于海战，我想了解下早期海战船只的类型。", - "你好，Human。早期的海战船只主要有桨帆船。在16-17世纪，桨帆船被配置火炮，并且随着技术的发展，逐渐被以风帆推动的战船所取代。这些战船更具优越性，因为它们在海洋上具有更好的行动能力并能携带更重的火炮。所以，早期的海战船只主要从简单的桨帆船发展到装备火炮的桨帆船，再到风帆推动的战船。" + "早期的海战船只主要有桨帆船。在16-17世纪，桨帆船被配置火炮，并且随着技术的发展，逐渐被以风帆推动的战船所取代。这些战船更具优越性，因为它们在海洋上具有更好的行动能力并能携带更重的火炮。所以，早期的海战船只主要从简单的桨帆船发展到装备火炮的桨帆船，再到风帆推动的战船。" ], [ "英国战胜西班牙无敌舰队有哪些战术上的改进？", @@ -233047,7 +233047,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伊塞克湖Issyk-Kul吉尔吉斯坦东北部湖泊。位于天山北部，为世界最大的山地湖泊之一，面积6,280平方公里，深度达702公尺。湖泊名字（出自吉尔吉斯语，意为热湖）表示这是一座冬季不结冰的湖。为了保护湖区的野生动物，1948年建立了伊塞克保护区。\n\n你好。请问伊塞克湖位于哪个国家？", - "您好，Human！伊塞克湖位于吉尔吉斯坦东北部。这个湖泊坐落于天山山脉北部，是世界最大的山地湖泊之一。如果您有关于这个湖泊的其他问题，欢迎随时问我。" + "伊塞克湖位于吉尔吉斯坦东北部。这个湖泊坐落于天山山脉北部，是世界最大的山地湖泊之一。如果您有关于这个湖泊的其他问题，欢迎随时问我。" ], [ "谢谢。那么伊塞克湖的面积有多大？", @@ -233192,7 +233192,7 @@ "history": [ [ "辛吉蒂克湾Singitic Gulf希腊东北部爱琴海的海湾。延伸入希腊半岛马其顿区的两个海湾中较大和较深的海湾（另一个海湾为伊厄里苏湾）。西元前480年由薛西斯一世修建完成的运河的残留部分将两个海湾连接在一起。海湾上的欧拉诺波里斯为主要社区，也是旅游者前往圣山的一个歇脚点。\n\n我最近在研究辛吉蒂克湾（Singitic Gulf），请问它具体位于哪里？", - "你好，Human！辛吉蒂克湾（Singitic Gulf）位于希腊东北部爱琴海的一个海湾区域。它延伸进入希腊半岛的马其顿区，并且是那里两个较大且较深的海湾中的一个，另一个海湾则是伊厄里苏湾。" + "辛吉蒂克湾（Singitic Gulf）位于希腊东北部爱琴海的一个海湾区域。它延伸进入希腊半岛的马其顿区，并且是那里两个较大且较深的海湾中的一个，另一个海湾则是伊厄里苏湾。" ], [ "辛吉蒂克湾和伊厄里苏湾有什么联系呢？", @@ -233376,7 +233376,7 @@ "history": [ [ "高达1930年～Godard, Jean-Luc法国电影导演。曾为电影杂志写评论文章，后来拍了他的第一部剧情片《断了气》（1960），这部电影没有剧本，建立了他的「新浪潮」风格。在后来的作品如《唤醒她的人生》（1962）、《狂人皮埃洛》（1965）、《阿尔伐城》（1965）和《周末》（1968），他开创了另一新技术，利用摄影机生动的表达政治批评。在《人人为己》（1979）和《激情》（1982）等片中又表现出对世界的关怀；但他的《圣母玛利亚》（1985）一片震惊了观众和教廷。他是一位多产的导演。其政治观点和美学信念都相当激进，影片尽管很受物议，但对世界电影事业所产生的巨大影响是不容置疑的。\n\n你好，请告诉我一下，上面的信息是关于哪位著名的导演？", - "你好，Human。上面的信息是关于法国电影导演Jean-Luc Godard的。他在20世纪60年代创立了新浪潮风格，并拍摄了许多具有深远影响的电影，如《断了气》、《狂人皮埃洛》和《周末》等。" + "上面的信息是关于法国电影导演Jean-Luc Godard的。他在20世纪60年代创立了新浪潮风格，并拍摄了许多具有深远影响的电影，如《断了气》、《狂人皮埃洛》和《周末》等。" ], [ "Jean-Luc Godard在新浪潮时期发起的哪部电影没有剧本？", @@ -233403,7 +233403,7 @@ "history": [ [ "榴弹grenade近距离使用的小型爆破、化学或毒气弹。15世纪发明，后来它变得非常重要，以致17世纪欧洲国家的军队特别挑选士兵训练成掷弹兵。大约1750年以后，由于轻武器射程和命中率的提高，减少了近距离战斗的机会，榴弹实际上被淘汰了。20世纪榴弹的使用才重新受到重视。第一次世界大战堑壕战期间，榴弹在进攻敌人阵地中的有效作用使之成为步兵制式装备之一，以后仍持续使用。最常用的是爆炸型榴弹，其弹心通常由TNT或其他高爆炸药组成，这种榴弹有触发或短暂延时（通常为4秒）引信来引爆炸药。化学和毒气榴弹，通常是引起燃烧而不是爆炸。\n\n根据你对榴弹的了解，能否告诉我榴弹的主要用途和种类？", - "你好，Human。榴弹是一种近距离使用的小型爆破、化学或毒气弹。其主要用途是在战场上用于攻击敌方阵地或进行近战。榴弹种类包括爆炸型榴弹、化学榴弹和毒气榴弹。爆炸型榴弹通常使用TNT或其他高爆炸药作为弹心，由触发或短暂延时（通常为4秒）引信来引爆炸药。而化学和毒气榴弹则通常引起燃烧而不是爆炸。" + "榴弹是一种近距离使用的小型爆破、化学或毒气弹。其主要用途是在战场上用于攻击敌方阵地或进行近战。榴弹种类包括爆炸型榴弹、化学榴弹和毒气榴弹。爆炸型榴弹通常使用TNT或其他高爆炸药作为弹心，由触发或短暂延时（通常为4秒）引信来引爆炸药。而化学和毒气榴弹则通常引起燃烧而不是爆炸。" ], [ "榴弹在历史上的发展过程是怎样的？", @@ -233540,7 +233540,7 @@ "history": [ [ "施罗德－德夫里恩特1804～1860年Schr?der-Devrient, Wilhelmine德国女高音歌唱家。她是一名男低音歌唱家的女儿，1822年因扮演贝多芬的莱奥诺拉而获得了国际声誉。虽然她三十岁以后的声音显示出劳累的痕迹，但她仍因其在戏剧上的不凡能力而闻名－－她在舞台上真挚地喊叫，被称为「眼泪皇后」－－她还创作了三个早期的华格纳角色：阿德莲诺（《黎恩济》，1842）、桑塔（《漂泊的荷兰人》，1843）和维纳斯（《唐怀瑟》，1845）。\n\n你好，请问你对德国女高音歌唱家Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient有什么了解吗？", - "你好，Human！我对Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient有一定了解。她是19世纪初的一位德国女高音歌唱家，1822年因扮演贝多芬的莱奥诺拉而获得了国际声誉。尽管三十岁以后她的声音受到劳累的影响，但是由于戏剧表现能力突出，依然保持着很高的声誉。她在舞台上真挚的情感表现使得她被称为“眼泪皇后”。另外，她还参与了华格纳的三个早期角色的创作。" + "我对Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient有一定了解。她是19世纪初的一位德国女高音歌唱家，1822年因扮演贝多芬的莱奥诺拉而获得了国际声誉。尽管三十岁以后她的声音受到劳累的影响，但是由于戏剧表现能力突出，依然保持着很高的声誉。她在舞台上真挚的情感表现使得她被称为“眼泪皇后”。另外，她还参与了华格纳的三个早期角色的创作。" ] ] }, @@ -234341,7 +234341,7 @@ "history": [ [ "上位基因epistatic gene遗传学用语，某一性状是否显现出来，为某一基因所决定。例如，决定人体肤色的基因系，不受导致白化症（albinism）的基因所支配，或者不受决定肤色发育的基因所支配。这种基因就是上位基因。\n\n你能解释一下什么是上位基因吗？", - "你好，Human！上位基因（epistatic gene）是遗传学中的一个概念，指的是能够影响其他基因表型的基因。在表现某一特定性状时，上位基因会起到主导作用，使得其他基因的影响被掩盖或减弱。这样的基因关系被称为上位作用或上位性。" + "上位基因（epistatic gene）是遗传学中的一个概念，指的是能够影响其他基因表型的基因。在表现某一特定性状时，上位基因会起到主导作用，使得其他基因的影响被掩盖或减弱。这样的基因关系被称为上位作用或上位性。" ], [ "那么什么是白化症？", @@ -234624,7 +234624,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瓜奈里1626～1698年Guarneri, Andrea义大利着名小提琴制造者。瓜奈里于1641～1654年随阿马蒂学艺。在克雷莫纳建立自己的商店后，除小提琴外，他也制造中提琴和大提琴。他的儿子比埃特罗（1655～1720）和朱塞佩（1666～1740?）与父亲一起工作，到1863年比埃特罗已经迁到曼图亚并建立自己的企业，虽然他所制作的乐器很少。1698年朱塞佩从父亲继承了克雷莫纳的企业。在有生之年，他的名声受到史特拉底瓦里盛名的掩盖，但他的小提琴和大提琴如今受到高度评价。他的儿子彼得罗（1695～1762）和巴多罗买（1698～1744）也是乐器制造者。巴多罗买被人称为耶稣教堂的瓜奈里，是历史上最佳的制琴师之一，他的小提琴显示出父亲和史特拉底瓦里的影响，以完美的音响而闻名。\n\n请问瓜奈里是哪个时期的人物？", - "你好，Human。瓜奈里，全名Andrea Guarneri，生活在1626年至1698年，他是意大利一位着名的小提琴制造者。" + "瓜奈里，全名Andrea Guarneri，生活在1626年至1698年，他是意大利一位着名的小提琴制造者。" ], [ "瓜奈里和阿马蒂有什么关系？", @@ -234849,7 +234849,7 @@ "history": [ [ "生产力productivity经济学中指生产成品与生产该产品所需投入物之间的比率。虽然生产力的计算因土地或资本难以计算而很少真正把它们加入计算，但在原则上任何传统的生产要素（土地、劳动力或资本）都可被用作这一生产比率的分母。劳动力在多数情况下很容易计算，如可用某一产品占有的劳动者数量来计算。在工业国家中，生产力提高的结果主要表现在劳动力的使用上。生产力不仅可以被视为有效的计量方法，还是经济发展的一个指标。从原始采集经济发展成技术上较复杂的经济时，生产力会提高。欧洲和美国生产力的提高是伴随着蒸汽、铁路和汽油发动机等技术的发展而产生的。生产力的提高一般会长期提高工人的实际工资。\n\n请问什么是生产力？", - "你好，Human！生产力是指生产成品和生产该产品所需投入物之间的比率。在原则上，生产力可以用任何传统的生产要素（土地、劳动力或资本）作为分母计算。通常情况下，劳动力较容易计算，例如可以用生产某一产品的劳动者数量来计算。生产力不仅是一种有效的计量方法，还是经济发展的一个指标。随着经济从原始采集发展到更复杂的技术形态，生产力会相应提高。" + "生产力是指生产成品和生产该产品所需投入物之间的比率。在原则上，生产力可以用任何传统的生产要素（土地、劳动力或资本）作为分母计算。通常情况下，劳动力较容易计算，例如可以用生产某一产品的劳动者数量来计算。生产力不仅是一种有效的计量方法，还是经济发展的一个指标。随着经济从原始采集发展到更复杂的技术形态，生产力会相应提高。" ], [ "生产力关系到哪些方面的发展？", @@ -234941,7 +234941,7 @@ "history": [ [ "玛拿西本以色列1604～1657年Manasseh ben Israel原名Manoel Dias Soeiro葡萄牙裔荷兰希伯来学者及犹太人领袖。出生于因受迫害而迁至阿姆斯特丹的马拉诺（marrano）家庭，精通神学，1622年任阿姆斯特丹市葡萄牙籍犹太人的拉比。他认为犹太人必须先分散到世界各地，然后弥赛亚才会降临。他游说英国政府准许犹太人迁入英格兰，并发表《以色列的希望》（1656）。由于他的努力，犹太人获得英国非正式的居留权。他死后，英格兰的犹太人在1664年正式获得保护。\n\n请问你对马纳西本·以色列有了解吗？", - "你好，Human！当然了解。马纳西本·以色列（Manasseh ben Israel，1604-1657年），原名Manoel Dias Soeiro，是一位葡萄牙裔荷兰希伯来学者和犹太人领袖。他出生在一个因受迫害而逃往阿姆斯特丹的马拉诺（marrano）家庭。他精通神学，于1622年成为阿姆斯特丹葡萄牙籍犹太人的拉比（犹太教导师）。他的主要贡献是游说英国政府允许犹太人迁入英格兰，并发表了《以色列的希望》一书（1656年）。在他的努力下，英国给予犹太人非正式的居留权，他去世后，英格兰的犹太人在1664年获得了官方保护。" + "当然了解。马纳西本·以色列（Manasseh ben Israel，1604-1657年），原名Manoel Dias Soeiro，是一位葡萄牙裔荷兰希伯来学者和犹太人领袖。他出生在一个因受迫害而逃往阿姆斯特丹的马拉诺（marrano）家庭。他精通神学，于1622年成为阿姆斯特丹葡萄牙籍犹太人的拉比（犹太教导师）。他的主要贡献是游说英国政府允许犹太人迁入英格兰，并发表了《以色列的希望》一书（1656年）。在他的努力下，英国给予犹太人非正式的居留权，他去世后，英格兰的犹太人在1664年获得了官方保护。" ], [ "马纳西本·以色列为什么认为犹太人必须先分散到世界各地，然后弥赛亚才会降临？", @@ -235061,7 +235061,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣但尼Saint-Denis西印度洋法国海外省留尼旺岛城镇和首府。位于岛北岸圣但尼河河口盆地。北临印度洋，南为陡峻山地。原是岛上主要港口。1880年代为在其西北岸修建的人工港勒波尔所取代。圣但尼是行政中心。人口约104,454（1994）。\n\n请问圣但尼是哪个国家的城市？", - "你好，Human！圣但尼（Saint-Denis）是法国的一个海外省城市，位于印度洋上的留尼旺岛。作为留尼旺岛的城镇和首府，它在法国的行政区划上属于法国的一部分。希望这能解答你的问题。" + "圣但尼（Saint-Denis）是法国的一个海外省城市，位于印度洋上的留尼旺岛。作为留尼旺岛的城镇和首府，它在法国的行政区划上属于法国的一部分。希望这能解答你的问题。" ], [ "谢谢！那么圣但尼在这个岛上的具体位置是哪里？", @@ -236291,7 +236291,7 @@ "history": [ [ "莱姆病Lyme disease蜱传播的细菌性疾病，1975年首次明确本病，并以本病首次被发现的地点美国康乃狄克州莱姆镇来命名。莱姆病是由布氏疏螺旋体（Borrelia burgdorferi）感染所致，这种螺旋体是由各种蜱传播，蜱因吮吸受染动物的血（大部分是鹿）时获得本病螺旋体。人类在高草地带或落叶区会被蜱咬。莱姆病分三期：出现牛眼状环形疹，常伴有感冒样症状；第二期出现关节痛及神经症状（如记忆、视力、行动等功能障碍）；第三阶段则以致残的关节炎和类似多发硬化的神经症状为主，有些患者会有面肌麻痹、脑膜炎、记忆力丧失等情况。大多数莱姆病患者都只感到这第一期症状，但通常在受染后两年内开始第三阶段。预防方式包括避免蜱叮咬。莱姆病有时诊断困难，特别是当没有典型皮疹史的。早期应使用抗生素以防止病情进一步发展，后者要用更强的抗生素，不过以后症状还可能周期性复发。\n\n你好，请问莱姆病是如何传播的？", - "你好，Human！莱姆病是一种蜱传播的细菌性疾病。它是由布氏疏螺旋体（Borrelia burgdorferi）感染所致。这种细菌通过各种蜱传播给人类。蜱会在吮吸受染动物（如鹿）的血液时获得病原体，然后在人类进入高草地带或落叶区活动时，通过蜱叮咬传播给人类。" + "莱姆病是一种蜱传播的细菌性疾病。它是由布氏疏螺旋体（Borrelia burgdorferi）感染所致。这种细菌通过各种蜱传播给人类。蜱会在吮吸受染动物（如鹿）的血液时获得病原体，然后在人类进入高草地带或落叶区活动时，通过蜱叮咬传播给人类。" ], [ "莱姆病有哪些症状呢？", @@ -236615,7 +236615,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海峡群岛Channel Islands亦称圣巴巴拉群岛（Santa Barbara Islands）位于加州南部，绵延240公里的一串岛屿，距岸40～145公里处。其中岛屿被分为两支：圣巴巴拉支（包括圣米格尔、圣罗莎、圣克鲁斯、阿纳卡帕）和圣卡塔利娜支（包括圣大巴巴拉、圣尼古拉斯、圣卡塔利娜、圣克莱门特）。岛大小不一，最大岛圣克鲁斯岛面积254平方公里，最小者为阿纳卡帕诸小岛。岛多海蚀洞，常有海狮、海豹和鸟类栖息，以生长有830余种稀有的植物而闻名。较大岛屿上有大牧羊场。圣卡塔利娜岛则为着名的旅游胜地。海峡岛国家保护区设立于1938年，包括阿纳卡帕、圣米格尔、圣大巴巴拉、圣克鲁斯和圣罗莎诸岛在内。\n\n你好，请问海峡群岛Channel Islands的具体位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human！海峡群岛Channel Islands又称圣巴巴拉群岛（Santa Barbara Islands），位于美国加州南部的太平洋海域。这些岛屿沿着加州海岸线绵延240公里，距离岸边大约40到145公里的地方。希望这个信息对你有帮助！" + "海峡群岛Channel Islands又称圣巴巴拉群岛（Santa Barbara Islands），位于美国加州南部的太平洋海域。这些岛屿沿着加州海岸线绵延240公里，距离岸边大约40到145公里的地方。希望这个信息对你有帮助！" ], [ "能详细告诉我哪些岛屿包括在圣巴巴拉支和圣卡塔利娜支吗？", @@ -236741,7 +236741,7 @@ "history": [ [ "火焰式风格Flamboyant style15世纪盛行于法国和西班牙的后哥德式建筑。从辐射式风格发展而成，更强调装饰性的形式。其特点是以类似火焰的S形曲线的石窗花格占统治地位。到「火焰式」风格兴起的哥德式时期的后期，世俗建筑物也受到较大的影响。因此，「火焰式」哥德式的特点在许多市政大厅、行会大厅甚至住宅中都能见到。但完全按照「火焰式」风格建造的教堂并不多，比较引人注意的有马恩河畔沙隆附近的戴潘圣母院和卢昂的圣马克卢教堂。「火焰式」哥德风格正因为有它的局限性（其变化主要是靠复杂繁琐而取得），所以到16世纪在法国很快为文艺复兴时期的形式所取代。\n\n你好，请问你了解火焰式风格这一建筑风格吗？", - "你好，Human！当然了解，火焰式风格是15世纪盛行于法国和西班牙的一种后哥德式建筑风格。它起源于辐射式风格，更强调装饰性的形式。火焰式风格的特点是使用类似火焰的S形曲线的石窗花格，这种风格的建筑在许多市政大厅、行会大厅甚至住宅中都能见到。不过，完全按照火焰式风格建造的教堂并不多，比较著名的有马恩河畔沙隆附近的戴潘圣母院和卢昂的圣马克卢教堂。到了16世纪，在法国这一风格逐渐被文艺复兴时期的建筑形式所取代。" + "当然了解，火焰式风格是15世纪盛行于法国和西班牙的一种后哥德式建筑风格。它起源于辐射式风格，更强调装饰性的形式。火焰式风格的特点是使用类似火焰的S形曲线的石窗花格，这种风格的建筑在许多市政大厅、行会大厅甚至住宅中都能见到。不过，完全按照火焰式风格建造的教堂并不多，比较著名的有马恩河畔沙隆附近的戴潘圣母院和卢昂的圣马克卢教堂。到了16世纪，在法国这一风格逐渐被文艺复兴时期的建筑形式所取代。" ], [ "比较典型的火焰式建筑有哪些？", @@ -237016,7 +237016,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克雷1897～1978年Clay, Lucius D(uBignon)美国陆军将领。毕业于西点军校，服役于陆军工程兵团。第二次世界大战时，负责军需品生产和供应计画（1942～1944）。1945年任美国驻德国占领军副司令，两年后晋升为驻欧洲美军总司令兼德国美占领区总司令。苏联封锁柏林期间（1948～1949），他成功的指挥盟国空运，将食物和补给品运入柏林。1949年退役后从商。艾森豪任总统时，他是一个主要支持者和顾问。\n\n你好，请问你知道关于克雷将军的信息吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解一些关于克雷将军（Lucius D. Clay）的信息。他是一位著名的美国陆军将领（1897-1978）。毕业于西点军校，并在陆军工程兵团服役。在第二次世界大战期间，他负责军需品生产和供应计划（1942-1944）。1945年，克雷将军成为美国驻德国占领军的副司令，并在两年后晋升为驻欧洲美军总司令兼德国美占领区总司令。在苏联封锁柏林期间（1948-1949），他成功地指挥了盟军空运，将食物和补给品运入柏林。在1949年退役后，克雷将军从事商业活动。艾森豪尔执政时，他担任主要支持者和顾问。如果你有更多关于克雷将军的问题，请随时提问！" + "我了解一些关于克雷将军（Lucius D. Clay）的信息。他是一位著名的美国陆军将领（1897-1978）。毕业于西点军校，并在陆军工程兵团服役。在第二次世界大战期间，他负责军需品生产和供应计划（1942-1944）。1945年，克雷将军成为美国驻德国占领军的副司令，并在两年后晋升为驻欧洲美军总司令兼德国美占领区总司令。在苏联封锁柏林期间（1948-1949），他成功地指挥了盟军空运，将食物和补给品运入柏林。在1949年退役后，克雷将军从事商业活动。艾森豪尔执政时，他担任主要支持者和顾问。如果你有更多关于克雷将军的问题，请随时提问！" ], [ "在第二次世界大战期间，克雷将军为何被指派为负责军需品生产和供应计划的工作？", @@ -237073,7 +237073,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伊塞克湖Issyk-Kul吉尔吉斯坦东北部湖泊。位于天山北部，为世界最大的山地湖泊之一，面积6,280平方公里，深度达702公尺。湖泊名字（出自吉尔吉斯语，意为热湖）表示这是一座冬季不结冰的湖。为了保护湖区的野生动物，1948年建立了伊塞克保护区。\n\n我想了解一下吉尔吉斯坦的伊塞克湖。这个湖泊有什么特点呢？", - "你好，Human！伊塞克湖位于吉尔吉斯坦东北部的天山山脉北部，是世界上最大的山地湖泊之一。湖泊的面积有6,280平方公里，深度可达702米。伊塞克湖的名字来源于吉尔吉斯语，意为“热湖”，因为它在冬季不会结冰。为了保护湖区的野生动物，伊塞克保护区于1948年建立。" + "伊塞克湖位于吉尔吉斯坦东北部的天山山脉北部，是世界上最大的山地湖泊之一。湖泊的面积有6,280平方公里，深度可达702米。伊塞克湖的名字来源于吉尔吉斯语，意为“热湖”，因为它在冬季不会结冰。为了保护湖区的野生动物，伊塞克保护区于1948年建立。" ], [ "哇，好神奇的湖泊！那么我可以到伊塞克湖旅行吗？有什么特色的景点推荐？", @@ -237157,7 +237157,7 @@ "history": [ [ "李小龙1940～1973年Lee, Bruce原名李振藩（Lee Yuen Kam）美国电影演员。出生于旧金山，中国巡回演出戏剧明星之子，他在曾演出过几部电影的香港度过童年。1970年代早期，他成为非常受欢迎的武术明星，其中包含《精武门》（Fist of Fury, 1972）和《龙争虎斗》（Enter the Dragon），在国际上拥有一群狂热追随的崇拜者。他在三十三岁时突然死于脑水肿，也因而结束了他短暂的事业。他的儿子李国豪（Brandon Lee, 1965～1993）在拍电影时假戏真作地被意外射死时，正以动作电影明星走红。\n\n根据提供的信息，请问李小龙是哪个国家的电影演员？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，李小龙是美国的电影演员。他出生于旧金山，是中国巡回演出戏剧明星的儿子。他在香港度过了童年并在那里开始了自己的演艺生涯。这样的背景使他后来成为了一位杰出的美国电影演员，特别是在武术方面。" + "根据提供的信息，李小龙是美国的电影演员。他出生于旧金山，是中国巡回演出戏剧明星的儿子。他在香港度过了童年并在那里开始了自己的演艺生涯。这样的背景使他后来成为了一位杰出的美国电影演员，特别是在武术方面。" ], [ "那他参演过哪些著名的电影？", @@ -237199,7 +237199,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国际法庭International Court of Justice亦称世界法院（World Court）联合国的主要司法机构，总部设在海牙。其前身是国际联盟的常设国际法庭。1946年在海牙首次开庭。其管辖权仅限于承认其为国际法方面权威的国家间的争端。其判决有约束力，但没有强制力；上诉必须由联合国安全理事会决定。国际法庭由十五位法官组成，任期九年，由联合国大会和安理会选举，其中不能有两名是同一国家的国民。亦请参阅Europian Court of Justice。\n\n请问国际法庭和世界法院是同一个机构吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，国际法庭（International Court of Justice）亦称世界法院（World Court），它们是联合国的主要司法机构。" + "是的，国际法庭（International Court of Justice）亦称世界法院（World Court），它们是联合国的主要司法机构。" ], [ "太好了，请介绍一下国际法庭的前身及其历史吧。", @@ -237598,7 +237598,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蒙皮立Montpelier美国佛蒙特州城市和州首府。以法国城市蒙彼利埃命名。控制格林山脉的主要山口，1781年获麻塞诸塞州和西佛蒙特的经营者的批准建镇。1805年成为州首府，使其他城市如伯灵顿成为首府的希望落空。除了提供州政府的各项服务外，该市的经济以金融服务和当地的滑雪业为基础。是诺威奇大学分校佛蒙特学院的所在地，也是海军名将杜威的出生地。人口约8,000（1996）。\n\n嗨，你可以告诉我蒙皮立Montpelier是美国哪个州的首府吗？", - "你好，Human！蒙皮立Montpelier是美国佛蒙特州的首府。" + "蒙皮立Montpelier是美国佛蒙特州的首府。" ], [ "蒙皮立Montpelier为什么以法国的蒙彼利埃命名呢？", @@ -237954,7 +237954,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黑森Hesse德语作Hessen德国中西部一州。面积21,113平方公里。1945年合并了几个以前的普鲁士省份而成。首府威斯巴登。黑森人被认为是法兰克部族卡蒂人的后裔，8世纪初，圣卜尼法斯使他们皈依基督教。15世纪曾分裂两次，但菲利普统一了这个地区。如今此区广布小型农地，同时德国工业集中在莱茵－美因河地区。威悉河两岸有许多古城堡、教堂及宫殿遗址。人口约6,016,000（1996）。\n\n你好，请问德国的黑森州在哪个地理位置？", - "你好，Human！德国的黑森州位于德国中西部地区。这是一个面积为21,113平方公里的州，拥有丰富的地理特征和历史文化遗产。这个信息可以帮助你了解黑森州在德国的大致位置。" + "德国的黑森州位于德国中西部地区。这是一个面积为21,113平方公里的州，拥有丰富的地理特征和历史文化遗产。这个信息可以帮助你了解黑森州在德国的大致位置。" ], [ "谢谢。黑森州的首府是哪个城市？", @@ -238141,7 +238141,7 @@ "history": [ [ "地拉那Tiran?亦作Tirana阿尔巴尼亚首都（1995年人口约270,000）。17世纪初由一位土耳其将军建立，后因位于公路和商道的枢纽而成为一个贸易中心。1920年定为阿尔巴尼亚首都。第二次世界大战期间，轴心国部队占领该城（1939～1944）。现为该国最大城市，以及主要的工业和文化中心。市内建有国家图书馆、剧院和地拉那大学（1957）。\n\n我对地拉那有些了解，但仍有一些疑问。地拉那是阿尔巴尼亚的首都吗？", - "你好，Human！没错，地拉那（Tirana）是阿尔巴尼亚的首都。这个城市成立于17世纪初，由一位土耳其将军创建。后来，因为地拉那位于公路和商道的交汇处，逐渐发展成了一个贸易中心。在1920年，地拉那被定为阿尔巴尼亚的首都。" + "没错，地拉那（Tirana）是阿尔巴尼亚的首都。这个城市成立于17世纪初，由一位土耳其将军创建。后来，因为地拉那位于公路和商道的交汇处，逐渐发展成了一个贸易中心。在1920年，地拉那被定为阿尔巴尼亚的首都。" ], [ "那么地拉那在第二次世界大战期间发生了什么呢？", @@ -238458,7 +238458,7 @@ "history": [ [ "苏格兰场；伦敦警察厅Scotland Yard正式名称新苏格兰场（New Scotland Yard）伦敦大都会警察队总部，广义上是指警力本身。伦敦警察队于1829年由皮尔（R Peel）爵士创立，原先的总部设于白厅街4号，该处成为新苏格兰场，直到1967年搬迁才改名。除所有都市警察的普通职责外（包括侦察阻止犯罪、管理交通），在紧急时刻该部队也授权执行民防，并有一支特殊的警力以保护造访的贵宾、皇族和政要。苏格兰场保存英国一切重大的刑事案件档案。英国其他地方的警力常可寻求苏格兰场的协助。该场还协助国协各国训练警察。\n\n请问苏格兰场是什么地方？", - "你好，Human。苏格兰场，正式名称为新苏格兰场（New Scotland Yard），是伦敦大都会警察队的总部。它在1829年由皮尔（R Peel）爵士创立，起初总部设在白厅街4号，后来搬迁并更名为新苏格兰场。苏格兰场负责处理英国的许多重大刑事案件，除了都市警察的普通职责（如侦察、阻止犯罪和管理交通）外，它在紧急时刻还负责执行民防工作，同时特别负责保护来访的贵宾、皇族以及政要。英国其他地方的警察部门也可以寻求苏格兰场的协助，苏格兰场还会协助国际上的警察队伍进行培训。" + "苏格兰场，正式名称为新苏格兰场（New Scotland Yard），是伦敦大都会警察队的总部。它在1829年由皮尔（R Peel）爵士创立，起初总部设在白厅街4号，后来搬迁并更名为新苏格兰场。苏格兰场负责处理英国的许多重大刑事案件，除了都市警察的普通职责（如侦察、阻止犯罪和管理交通）外，它在紧急时刻还负责执行民防工作，同时特别负责保护来访的贵宾、皇族以及政要。英国其他地方的警察部门也可以寻求苏格兰场的协助，苏格兰场还会协助国际上的警察队伍进行培训。" ], [ "谢谢解答。你能给我介绍一下英国的重大刑事案件档案吗？", @@ -238591,7 +238591,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瓦林斯328～378年Valens东罗马皇帝（364～378）。瓦伦提尼安一世皇帝之弟，被兄任命为同朝皇帝，由瓦林斯统治帝国东部，瓦伦提尼安统治西部。369年打败西哥德人，后开始对波斯人作战，取得美索不达米亚战役的胜利。不久，西哥德人即反叛罗马，378年瓦林斯进行阿德里安堡战役。瓦林斯兵败阵亡。\n\n请问瓦林斯是在哪一个时期成为东罗马皇帝的？", - "你好，Human。瓦林斯成为东罗马皇帝的时间是在公元328年到378年之间。他是在364年被他的兄长瓦伦提尼安一世任命为同朝皇帝，分治罗马帝国东西两部分的。这种分治制度使得瓦林斯统治东部，而他的兄长瓦伦提尼安一世统治西部。" + "瓦林斯成为东罗马皇帝的时间是在公元328年到378年之间。他是在364年被他的兄长瓦伦提尼安一世任命为同朝皇帝，分治罗马帝国东西两部分的。这种分治制度使得瓦林斯统治东部，而他的兄长瓦伦提尼安一世统治西部。" ], [ "他在任期内打过哪些战争？", @@ -238763,7 +238763,7 @@ "history": [ [ "第勒尼安海Tyrrhenian Sea义大利语作Mare Tirreno地中海的一个海湾。位于义大利西部海岸线和科西嘉岛、萨丁尼亚和西西里岛。它通过西北部的托斯肯群岛同利古里亚海相连，并通过东南部的墨西拿海峡与爱奥尼亚海相连。其主要海湾包括那不勒斯湾。\n\n你好，请问第勒尼安海具体概况是怎样的？", - "你好，Human！第勒尼安海（Tyrrhenian Sea）是地中海的一个海湾，位于意大利西部海岸线和科西嘉岛、萨丁尼亚和西西里岛之间。在地理上，它通过西北部的托斯肯群岛与利古里亚海相连，并通过东南部的墨西拿海峡与爱奥尼亚海相连。该海域的主要海湾包括那不勒斯湾。" + "第勒尼安海（Tyrrhenian Sea）是地中海的一个海湾，位于意大利西部海岸线和科西嘉岛、萨丁尼亚和西西里岛之间。在地理上，它通过西北部的托斯肯群岛与利古里亚海相连，并通过东南部的墨西拿海峡与爱奥尼亚海相连。该海域的主要海湾包括那不勒斯湾。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答，那请问第勒尼安海的主要岛屿有哪些？", @@ -238843,7 +238843,7 @@ "history": [ [ "裂变径迹年龄测定法fission-track dating利用铀－238（最丰富的铀同位素）自发裂变所造成的损伤测定年龄的方法。裂变过程导致大量放射性损伤，即裂变径迹，可以通过用适当的化学试剂使主体物质优先沥滤而能够看得到；这种沥滤过程使裂变径迹的腐蚀坑可以在普通光学显微镜下进行观察和计数。铀存在的总量可以通过使铀－235产生热中子裂变的辐照度来测定。铀－235产生另外的径迹分布，而这些径迹与矿物内铀的浓度有关。因此，天然产生的自发裂变径迹与中子诱发的裂变径迹的比值是标本年龄的计量标准。\n\n你好，请问一下，裂变径迹年龄测定法是如何利用铀-238自发裂变来测定年龄的？", - "你好，Human！裂变径迹年龄测定法通过观察和计数铀-238自发裂变所产生的裂变径迹进行测定。这些裂变径迹是矿物中的放射性损伤，可以通过用合适的化学试剂进行沥滤处理后，在普通光学显微镜下观察到。通常，我们需要知道铀存在的总量，即铀-238和铀-235的浓度，这可以通过辐照度方法来测定。然后，我们计算天然产生的自发裂变径迹与中子诱发裂变径迹的比值，它可以用作测定岩石或矿物年龄的标准。我希望这能回答你的问题。" + "裂变径迹年龄测定法通过观察和计数铀-238自发裂变所产生的裂变径迹进行测定。这些裂变径迹是矿物中的放射性损伤，可以通过用合适的化学试剂进行沥滤处理后，在普通光学显微镜下观察到。通常，我们需要知道铀存在的总量，即铀-238和铀-235的浓度，这可以通过辐照度方法来测定。然后，我们计算天然产生的自发裂变径迹与中子诱发裂变径迹的比值，它可以用作测定岩石或矿物年龄的标准。我希望这能回答你的问题。" ], [ "非常感谢你的解释，请问一下，适当的化学试剂是如何让我们在光学显微镜下看到裂变径迹的？", @@ -238916,7 +238916,7 @@ "history": [ [ "婆罗门Brahman亦作Brahmin印度教流行地区四个瓦尔纳（或社会阶层）中的最高一级。婆罗门的崇高种姓地位可追溯到吠陀时代末期，长期以来被认为在宗教仪式上比其他种姓纯净很多，可单独执行某些宗教工作，包括负责保存吠陀时代的赞美诗集。由于声望崇高和受过传统教育，主宰了印度学术好几个世纪。婆罗门身为宗教和知识的精英分子，握有政权的刹帝利（武士）常以他们作顾问，印度独立后有许多婆罗门担任各省的首长。虽然在法律上并不认可，但他们仍保有传统的特权。他们透过一些严格的戒律来保持宗教的纯净，如禁忌、素食和不能从事某些行业。\n\n你好，我想了解一下婆罗门这个阶层，他们的地位是如何获得的？", - "你好，Human！婆罗门是印度教流行地区四个瓦尔纳（或社会阶层）中的最高一级。他们的崇高地位可以追溯到吠陀时代末期。在那个时期，婆罗门被认为在宗教仪式上比其他种姓纯净很多，他们可以单独执行某些宗教工作，如负责保存吠陀时代的赞美诗集。婆罗门的声望和受过传统教育使他们在印度学术界主宰好几个世纪。他们身为宗教和知识的精英分子，握有政权的刹帝利（武士）常以他们作为顾问。这就是婆罗门这个阶层地位如何获得的。" + "婆罗门是印度教流行地区四个瓦尔纳（或社会阶层）中的最高一级。他们的崇高地位可以追溯到吠陀时代末期。在那个时期，婆罗门被认为在宗教仪式上比其他种姓纯净很多，他们可以单独执行某些宗教工作，如负责保存吠陀时代的赞美诗集。婆罗门的声望和受过传统教育使他们在印度学术界主宰好几个世纪。他们身为宗教和知识的精英分子，握有政权的刹帝利（武士）常以他们作为顾问。这就是婆罗门这个阶层地位如何获得的。" ], [ "在现代印度，他们仍然有很大的影响力吗？", @@ -238977,7 +238977,7 @@ "history": [ [ "墨西哥México墨西哥中部一州，范围几乎整个环绕了联邦区和墨西哥城。有多处被西班牙人征服前的遗址，包括特纳尤卡、马里纳尔科和特奥蒂瓦坎。墨西哥州海拔超过3,000公尺，气候凉爽。是全墨西哥人口最稠密的一州。经济以农业和制造业为主。首府托卢卡。面积21,355平方公里。人口约12,222,891（1997）。\n\n你好。请问墨西哥州在墨西哥国家的哪个方位？", - "你好，Human。墨西哥州位于墨西哥中部。它几乎整个环绕了联邦区和墨西哥城。这个方位使其位于墨西哥的核心位置。" + "墨西哥州位于墨西哥中部。它几乎整个环绕了联邦区和墨西哥城。这个方位使其位于墨西哥的核心位置。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，那么墨西哥州有哪些重要的西班牙人征服前的遗址我可以参观？", @@ -239092,7 +239092,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乔治亚语Georgian language乔治亚共和国的高加索语，全球约有410万人使用这种语言。乔治亚语拥有古代文学传统，在高加索诸语言中是独特的。该语言最早的证物是西元430年巴勒斯坦一栋教堂里的碑文，其文字是古乔治亚语（5～11世纪）所用文字的始祖。用来书写现代乔治亚语的平民文字有33个符号，而大、小写不分，是10世纪最早出现之文字的分支。乔治亚文字的起源不明，虽然据称是从希腊字母自由改编而来，并有发明新符号来代表乔治亚人特有的声音。乔治亚语拥有其他高加索语言的典型特征，包括大型辅音清单（有多达六群的字首辅音）、复杂的黏着性语形学和某些时态系统中的主动格特征。\n\n根据刚刚给你的关于乔治亚语的信息，请问乔治亚语现在有多少人使用？", - "你好，Human！根据所提供的信息，全球约有410万人使用乔治亚语。" + "根据所提供的信息，全球约有410万人使用乔治亚语。" ], [ "谢谢！这种语言在高加索诸语言中有什么独特之处呢？", @@ -239153,7 +239153,7 @@ "history": [ [ "商业改进局Better Business Bureau美国和加拿大的几种民间组织的统称，旨在维护社会风尚，使人们免遭不公平、误导或欺诈性广告和推销行为的诓骗。这些组织属于地方层级，商业改进局对商业活动进行调查研究，制定规范标准，接受对不正当业务行为的申诉，开展教育运动，使公众警惕广告和推销中的各种欺骗手段。\n\n我想了解一下商业改进局Better Business Bureau，这是一个怎样的组织？", - "你好，Human。商业改进局Better Business Bureau（简称BBB）是美国和加拿大的一些民间组织的统称。它们致力于维护社会风尚，保护人们免受不公平、误导或欺诈性广告和推销行为的欺骗。这些组织主要在地方层级运作，负责对商业活动进行调查研究、制定规范标准、接受对不正当业务行为的申诉，并通过开展教育运动，提高公众对广告和推销中各种欺诈手段的警惕性。" + "商业改进局Better Business Bureau（简称BBB）是美国和加拿大的一些民间组织的统称。它们致力于维护社会风尚，保护人们免受不公平、误导或欺诈性广告和推销行为的欺骗。这些组织主要在地方层级运作，负责对商业活动进行调查研究、制定规范标准、接受对不正当业务行为的申诉，并通过开展教育运动，提高公众对广告和推销中各种欺诈手段的警惕性。" ], [ "如果我遇到了不正当的商业行为，我应该怎么向商业改进局反映问题？", @@ -239400,7 +239400,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣灵降临节Pentecost基督教节日，纪念当年圣灵在耶稣基督被害、复活和升天后于犹太人的五旬节降临人间。门徒开始用多种语言与聚会的人群讲话，象征门徒将基督的讯息传遍全世界。犹太圣灵降临节是对小麦第一次收获的感恩宴会，并与纪念上帝在西奈山颁赐摩西律法有关。基督教圣灵降临节是在复活节之后五十天的星期日。\n\n你好，请问圣灵降临节是什么节日？", - "你好，Human！圣灵降临节（Pentecost）是基督教的一个重要节日。它纪念的是耶稣基督被害、复活和升天后的第五十天，圣灵降临人间的事件。这一天，门徒开始用多种语言与聚会的人群讲话，象征着门徒将基督的讯息传遍全世界。这个节日通常在复活节之后的五十天的星期日庆祝。" + "圣灵降临节（Pentecost）是基督教的一个重要节日。它纪念的是耶稣基督被害、复活和升天后的第五十天，圣灵降临人间的事件。这一天，门徒开始用多种语言与聚会的人群讲话，象征着门徒将基督的讯息传遍全世界。这个节日通常在复活节之后的五十天的星期日庆祝。" ], [ "请问犹太圣灵降临节和基督教圣灵降临节有什么相似和不同之处？", @@ -240275,7 +240275,7 @@ "history": [ [ "皮亚杰1896～1980年Piaget, Jean瑞士心理学家。曾接受动物学和哲学教育，皮亚杰后来在苏黎世师从容格和布洛伊勒学习心理学（从1918年开始），从1929年到他去世一直在日内瓦大学任教。他提出了「发生知识论」（genetic epistemology）的理论，即儿童思维能力发展的自然时间表，其中他考察了四个阶段--感觉运动阶段（0～2岁）、前运算阶段（2～7岁）、具体运算阶段（7～12岁）和形式运算阶段（直到成年）--每个阶段的认知能力和运用符号的能力都不断增强。1955年皮亚杰在日内瓦建立了一所国际发生知识论中心，并任负责人一直到1980年。着有大量作品，包括《儿童的语言和思维》（1923）、《儿童的判断与推理》（1924）、《儿童智慧的起源》（1948），还有《儿童逻辑的早期成长》（1964）。他被认为是20世纪发展心理学的先驱。\n\n你好，请问你能介绍一下皮亚杰是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！皮亚杰（Jean Piaget，1896-1980）是一位瑞士心理学家，他曾学习过动物学和哲学，后来在苏黎世跟随卡尔·荣格和布洛伊勒学习心理学。从1929年一直到他去世，皮亚杰都在日内瓦大学任教。他提出了一种被称为“发生知识论”的理论，关注儿童思维能力发展的自然时间表。皮亚杰被认为是20世纪发展心理学的先驱。" + "皮亚杰（Jean Piaget，1896-1980）是一位瑞士心理学家，他曾学习过动物学和哲学，后来在苏黎世跟随卡尔·荣格和布洛伊勒学习心理学。从1929年一直到他去世，皮亚杰都在日内瓦大学任教。他提出了一种被称为“发生知识论”的理论，关注儿童思维能力发展的自然时间表。皮亚杰被认为是20世纪发展心理学的先驱。" ], [ "那么皮亚杰的“发生知识论”是什么？", @@ -240305,7 +240305,7 @@ "history": [ [ "持续低音continuo亦作basso continuo巴洛克音乐中，一组特殊的乐器重奏伴奏体系。由演奏同一部分的两种乐器组成：低音乐器，如大提琴或低音管；弦乐，通常是大键琴，有时是管风琴和鲁特琴。持续低音在17世纪早期出现，反映了伴奏音乐激进的新音乐形式，这种伴奏乐是新型音乐歌剧的典型代表。持续低音（在摇滚乐团的第音乐契合节奏吉他中也有类似音乐）实际上应用于巴洛克时期的所有重奏音乐。\n\n你好，请问持续低音是什么？", - "你好，Human！持续低音（continuo，亦作basso continuo）是巴洛克音乐时期一种特殊的伴奏体系。它由两种乐器组成：一种是低音乐器，如大提琴或低音管；另一种是和弦乐器，通常是大键琴，有时是管风琴和鲁特琴。它在17世纪初期出现，反映了当时音乐创新趋势。持续低音的使用见于巴洛克时期的大部分重奏音乐。" + "持续低音（continuo，亦作basso continuo）是巴洛克音乐时期一种特殊的伴奏体系。它由两种乐器组成：一种是低音乐器，如大提琴或低音管；另一种是和弦乐器，通常是大键琴，有时是管风琴和鲁特琴。它在17世纪初期出现，反映了当时音乐创新趋势。持续低音的使用见于巴洛克时期的大部分重奏音乐。" ], [ "请告诉我持续低音伴奏体系在巴洛克时期的音乐作品中的作用是什么？", @@ -240834,7 +240834,7 @@ "history": [ [ "道tao汉语拼音作dao中国思想里的重要概念，代表正确或神圣的道路。在儒家学说中，「道」代表道德上通往正确行为的道路。在道家思想中，此一观念则具有广泛的涵意，涵盖自然界中可见的过程；万事万物依循「道」而变化，而「道」也是潜藏于此过程底下的原则。此一原则，即称为「至道」（Absolute Tao）。虽然「至道」的实践者无法完全彻底领悟它，但它却是生命的指导原则。道家信仰者视生命与死亡为通往「至道」必经的阶段，并提倡一种教人顺从自然本质的生活方式。\n\n请问你能简单介绍一下道家与儒家之间「道」的意义吗？", - "你好Human，我很乐意帮忙解答。在儒家学说中，「道」具有道德意义，代表通往正确行为的道路。儒家强调人们遵循道德伦理规范，通过修身、齐家、治国和平天下等途径来实现个人与社会的和谐。而在道家思想中，「道」则具有更加广泛的涵意，包括自然界中可见的过程和潜藏在过程底下的原则，即「至道」。道家追求顺应自然规律，提倡无为而治的生活哲学。" + "我很乐意帮忙解答。在儒家学说中，「道」具有道德意义，代表通往正确行为的道路。儒家强调人们遵循道德伦理规范，通过修身、齐家、治国和平天下等途径来实现个人与社会的和谐。而在道家思想中，「道」则具有更加广泛的涵意，包括自然界中可见的过程和潜藏在过程底下的原则，即「至道」。道家追求顺应自然规律，提倡无为而治的生活哲学。" ], [ "那么道家是如何以「道」指导人们生活的呢？", @@ -241067,7 +241067,7 @@ "history": [ [ "州际贸易interstate commerce美国州与州之间的商业、交通、运输和交流。州际贸易的政府管理条例开始于重建时期执行的立法。从1887年起，州际贸易委员会监督所有的州际地面运输。20世纪时法院的判决把州际贸易的范围解释得很宽，允许国会管理影响它的国内或地区活动。例如，牛群跨越州界去吃草，还把污染物带了过去，联邦法院为了支援国会的管理裁决权而认为这是一种州际贸易。\n\n请问什么是州际贸易？", - "你好，Human。州际贸易，即interstate commerce，是指发生在美国各州之间的商业、交通、运输和交流活动。州际贸易的政府管理条例始于重建时期的立法。从1887年起，州际贸易委员会就开始监督所有州际地面运输。值得注意的是，20世纪法院的判决将州际贸易的范围拓宽，以便国会能够管理和监督影响其的国内或地区活动。" + "州际贸易，即interstate commerce，是指发生在美国各州之间的商业、交通、运输和交流活动。州际贸易的政府管理条例始于重建时期的立法。从1887年起，州际贸易委员会就开始监督所有州际地面运输。值得注意的是，20世纪法院的判决将州际贸易的范围拓宽，以便国会能够管理和监督影响其的国内或地区活动。" ], [ "那么，州际贸易委员会具体负责哪些工作？", @@ -241528,7 +241528,7 @@ "history": [ [ "麻醉学anesthesiology研究麻醉及其相关内容，如心肺复苏术（resuscitation）和疼痛的医学。原本在开刀房只用全身麻醉手术，现在麻醉学还包括硬脊膜外麻醉（把局部麻醉药注射入脊髓液，注射点以下会逐渐痲痹）；人工呼吸器，麻醉开刀时，常需加入肌肉松弛剂以使患者肌肉完全放松，但松弛剂会使患者无法自行呼吸，故以人工呼吸器辅助其呼吸；负责照顾术后患者的诊室（如恢复室、加护病房）；处理有关减轻疼痛、心肺复苏术的问题；以及处理各种体液、电解质和新陈代谢的障碍。由于麻醉学的进步，许多过去认为不适合开刀的疾病和患者，如今都已能安然手术而无恙。麻醉医师的角色也日益重要和复杂。\n\n你好，根据上述信息，麻醉学有哪些主要的研究方向？", - "你好，Human。根据所提供的信息，麻醉学主要研究以下几个方向：\n1. 各种类型的麻醉，如全身麻醉和硬脊膜外麻醉。\n2. 心肺复苏术，即在心跳或呼吸停止时采取紧急措施恢复生命体征。\n3. 疼痛管理，如减轻疼痛和疼痛药物的使用。\n4. 人工呼吸器的使用，以辅助患者在手术期间呼吸。\n5. 术后患者的照顾，如监测患者在恢复室、加护病房的状况。\n6. 处理与体液、电解质和新陈代谢相关的障碍。\n\n这些研究方向都属于麻醉学的核心内容，有助于提高患者的生活质量和减轻手术风险。" + "根据所提供的信息，麻醉学主要研究以下几个方向：\n1. 各种类型的麻醉，如全身麻醉和硬脊膜外麻醉。\n2. 心肺复苏术，即在心跳或呼吸停止时采取紧急措施恢复生命体征。\n3. 疼痛管理，如减轻疼痛和疼痛药物的使用。\n4. 人工呼吸器的使用，以辅助患者在手术期间呼吸。\n5. 术后患者的照顾，如监测患者在恢复室、加护病房的状况。\n6. 处理与体液、电解质和新陈代谢相关的障碍。\n\n这些研究方向都属于麻醉学的核心内容，有助于提高患者的生活质量和减轻手术风险。" ], [ "那么硬脊膜外麻醉的原理是什么？", @@ -241547,7 +241547,7 @@ "history": [ [ "紫羚羊bongo偶蹄目牛科大型颜色鲜艳的羚羊，学名Boocercus euryceros或Taurotragus euryceros。胆小，奔跑迅速，灵活，常以小群或成对在非洲中部的密林中生活。肩高约13公尺，沿整个背部都有竖立的鬃毛。雌雄都有一对沈重扭旋的角。雄体浅红褐至深桃花心木色，腹部黑色，腿黑白两色，头上有白色斑纹，身上有狭窄垂直的白色条纹，雌体有类似的斑纹，但一般为更鲜明的浅红褐色。\n\n我想了解一下紫羚羊bongo，请问它是一种什么样的动物？", - "你好，Human！紫羚羊bongo是一种非常美丽的大型羚羊，属于偶蹄目牛科。它们的颜色非常鲜艳，学名为Boocercus euryceros或Taurotragus euryceros。紫羚羊bongo主要生活在非洲中部的密林中，通常以小群或成对出现，它们的行为非常胆小，奔跑速度很快，动作灵活。" + "紫羚羊bongo是一种非常美丽的大型羚羊，属于偶蹄目牛科。它们的颜色非常鲜艳，学名为Boocercus euryceros或Taurotragus euryceros。紫羚羊bongo主要生活在非洲中部的密林中，通常以小群或成对出现，它们的行为非常胆小，奔跑速度很快，动作灵活。" ], [ "请告诉我一些紫羚羊bongo的体征特点。", @@ -242472,7 +242472,7 @@ "history": [ [ "根茨1764～1832年Gentz, Friedrich德国政治新闻记者。由于受到柏克的强烈影响，他出版期刊和小册子，从保守的自由主义观点来分析时事，并认为法国大革命和美国革命相反。1785～1803年在普鲁士担任文官，之后迁居维也纳，成为外交大臣梅特涅的传声筒，1812年起担任梅特涅的心腹顾问。拿破仑失败后，在随后召开的各项会议中担任秘书长的工作。\n\n请问你能告诉我一下根茨的国籍、职业以及主要成就吗？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，根茨（Friedrich Gentz，1764-1832年）是德国人，他的职业是政治新闻记者。他受到柏克的强烈影响，出版期刊和小册子，以保守的自由主义观点分析时事。他曾在1785～1803年在普鲁士担任文官，之后迁居维也纳并成为外交大臣梅特涅的传声筒；从1812年起担任梅特涅的心腹顾问。在拿破仑失败后的一系列会议中，他作为秘书长负责记录。" + "根据提供的信息，根茨（Friedrich Gentz，1764-1832年）是德国人，他的职业是政治新闻记者。他受到柏克的强烈影响，出版期刊和小册子，以保守的自由主义观点分析时事。他曾在1785～1803年在普鲁士担任文官，之后迁居维也纳并成为外交大臣梅特涅的传声筒；从1812年起担任梅特涅的心腹顾问。在拿破仑失败后的一系列会议中，他作为秘书长负责记录。" ], [ "那根茨如何评价法国大革命和美国革命？", @@ -242842,7 +242842,7 @@ "history": [ [ "光电效应photoelectric effect物体吸收辐射能后（参阅radiation）释放带电粒子的现象。常常是指可见光照在金属板表面而引起电子发射。如果辐射的波长范围是紫外辐射、X射线或γ射线，也可以发生光电效应。发射表面可以是固体、液体或气体，发射的粒子可以是电子，也可以是离子。光电效应是赫兹在1887年发现的，爱因斯坦对它作出了解释，为此，爱因斯坦获得了诺贝尔奖。\n\n关于光电效应，能给我解释一下它的基本原理吗？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为您解答关于光电效应的问题。光电效应是指当物体吸收辐射能（如可见光、紫外辐射、X射线或γ射线）后，释放带电粒子（如电子或离子）的现象。这个过程可以发生在固体、液体或气体的发射表面。光电效应最著名的实例是当可见光照射在金属板表面时，金属会向外释放电子。这一现象最早由赫兹在1887年发现，而爱因斯坦对光电效应提出了光子论解释并因此获得了诺贝尔奖。" + "很高兴为您解答关于光电效应的问题。光电效应是指当物体吸收辐射能（如可见光、紫外辐射、X射线或γ射线）后，释放带电粒子（如电子或离子）的现象。这个过程可以发生在固体、液体或气体的发射表面。光电效应最著名的实例是当可见光照射在金属板表面时，金属会向外释放电子。这一现象最早由赫兹在1887年发现，而爱因斯坦对光电效应提出了光子论解释并因此获得了诺贝尔奖。" ], [ "爱因斯坦是如何解释光电效应的呢？", @@ -242861,7 +242861,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圆柱收分线entasis建筑中对柱子、尖塔或类似的直立部件的轮廓所作的微凸曲线，以免在直线收分的情况下产生凹陷或薄弱的视觉错觉。最早的古希腊多立斯柱式建筑中过于强调圆柱收分线，西元前5世纪～西元前4世纪中渐趋缓和，哥德式尖塔和较小的罗马风式柱子中只偶尔有圆柱收分线。\n\n你好，请问圆柱收分线entasis是什么？", - "你好，Human！圆柱收分线entasis是一种建筑设计技巧，它用于避免在直立部件（如柱子、尖塔等）的轮廓上由于直线收分而产生的视觉错觉，如凹陷或薄弱。它会使这些部件的轮廓轻微向外凸起，以对抗视觉错觉。" + "圆柱收分线entasis是一种建筑设计技巧，它用于避免在直立部件（如柱子、尖塔等）的轮廓上由于直线收分而产生的视觉错觉，如凹陷或薄弱。它会使这些部件的轮廓轻微向外凸起，以对抗视觉错觉。" ], [ "这种设计技巧最早是在哪种建筑中出现的？", @@ -242880,7 +242880,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴拉那伊巴河Paranaíba River巴西中南部河流。源于马塔达科尔达山西坡，西南流约1,000公里。其间汇集了八条大支流，最后与格兰德河汇合，形成巴拉那河。1970年代巴西政府为了养牛和农业，开始在河谷实施灌溉工程。\n\n我想了解一下巴拉那伊巴河的一些基本信息，比如它的源头、流程和支流情况。", - "你好，Human。巴拉那伊巴河是巴西中南部的一条河流。它源于马塔达科尔达山脉的西坡，全长约1000公里。在流程中，还汇集了八条大支流。最后，巴拉那伊巴河与格兰德河汇合，形成了巴拉那河。是巴西重要的水系之一。" + "巴拉那伊巴河是巴西中南部的一条河流。它源于马塔达科尔达山脉的西坡，全长约1000公里。在流程中，还汇集了八条大支流。最后，巴拉那伊巴河与格兰德河汇合，形成了巴拉那河。是巴西重要的水系之一。" ], [ "那么，巴拉那伊巴河对巴西有什么重要意义呢？", @@ -242918,7 +242918,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蝴蝶犬papillon16世纪育成的一种玩赏犬。初名矮獚狗（dwarf spaniel），是玛丽－安托瓦内特的宠物，曾出现于古代大师的绘画作品中。19世纪因其一时髦的变种长有大而花哨、像蝴蝶一般的耳朵而得今名（papillon在法语中意为蝴蝶）。另一变种则长着下垂的耳朵。体细长优美，尾呈羽状。体高不足28公分，体重可达5公斤。皮毛松软而丰满，多为白色，有黑色斑纹。\n\n请问蝴蝶犬papillon 是在哪个世纪被育成的？", - "你好，Human。蝴蝶犬Papillon是在16世纪被育成的。这种小型犬种原名矮獚狗（dwarf spaniel），后来因为它具有特色的耳朵，才被称为蝴蝶犬。papillon在法语中意为蝴蝶。" + "蝴蝶犬Papillon是在16世纪被育成的。这种小型犬种原名矮獚狗（dwarf spaniel），后来因为它具有特色的耳朵，才被称为蝴蝶犬。papillon在法语中意为蝴蝶。" ], [ "蝴蝶犬最早和哪位著名人物有关？", @@ -243185,7 +243185,7 @@ "history": [ [ "木槿hibiscus锦葵科木槿属约250种草本、灌木及乔木的统称。原产于温带及热带地区，其中数种植物花朵美丽，可供栽培观赏用。热带地区产的朱槿（Hibiscus rosa-sinensis）花大，略呈钟形，浅红色。裂瓣朱槿（H schizopetalus）为灌木，枝条下垂，常栽培于室内吊篮中。木槿属的其他种植物包括秋葵、木槿（rose of Sharon），以及许多通称为锦葵的显花植物。\n\n请问木槿这个植物都有哪些种类？", - "你好，Human。木槿属大约有250种草本、灌木及乔木的植物。比如热带地区的朱槿（Hibiscus rosa-sinensis），其花大，略呈钟形，浅红色；裂瓣朱槿（Hibiscus schizopetalus）是一种灌木，枝条下垂，常作为室内吊篮的观赏植物。另外，木槿属还包括秋葵、木槿（rose of Sharon）和许多通称为锦葵的显花植物。总的来说，木槿属植物种类繁多，具有良好的观赏和实用价值。" + "木槿属大约有250种草本、灌木及乔木的植物。比如热带地区的朱槿（Hibiscus rosa-sinensis），其花大，略呈钟形，浅红色；裂瓣朱槿（Hibiscus schizopetalus）是一种灌木，枝条下垂，常作为室内吊篮的观赏植物。另外，木槿属还包括秋葵、木槿（rose of Sharon）和许多通称为锦葵的显花植物。总的来说，木槿属植物种类繁多，具有良好的观赏和实用价值。" ], [ "那么木槿都是原产于哪些地区呢？", @@ -243250,7 +243250,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尼加拉瓜湖Nicaragua, Lake尼加拉瓜西南部的河流。长164公里，表面积约8,000平方公里。是美国与秘鲁之间最大的淡水湖，通过蒂皮塔帕河与马拿瓜湖连接，是圣胡安河的水源。尼加拉瓜湖是唯一包含海洋动物的淡水湖，湖中有鲨鱼、箭鱼和大海鲢。湖中最大的岛欧美特贝岛有哥伦布前时期的考古发现，是尼加拉瓜很有名的地方。\n\n你好，请问尼加拉瓜湖是哪个国家最大的淡水湖？", - "你好，Human！尼加拉瓜湖位于尼加拉瓜国境内，是尼加拉瓜国内最大的淡水湖，同时它也是美洲国家中的最大湖泊之一。从上面信息中可以看出湖泊表面积约为8,000平方公里。因此，根据这个信息，尼加拉瓜湖是尼加拉瓜最大的淡水湖。" + "尼加拉瓜湖位于尼加拉瓜国境内，是尼加拉瓜国内最大的淡水湖，同时它也是美洲国家中的最大湖泊之一。从上面信息中可以看出湖泊表面积约为8,000平方公里。因此，根据这个信息，尼加拉瓜湖是尼加拉瓜最大的淡水湖。" ], [ "那么尼加拉瓜湖有什么特别之处吗？", @@ -243307,7 +243307,7 @@ "history": [ [ "高大德1882～1945年Goddard, Robert Hutchings美国发明家，被公认为现代火箭技术之父。在克拉克大学获博士学位，后来大部分时间在该校任教。1908年开始研究火箭，他首次证明了真空中可存在推力。他最先研制用液态燃料（液氧和汽油）的火箭发动机（1926年进行试验），和最早从数学上探讨包括液氧和液氢在内的各种燃料的能量和推力与其重量的比值。1935年发射一枚液体火箭第一次超过了音速；他还获得火箭飞行器变轨装置和用多级火箭增大发射高度的专利，并研制了火箭发动机燃料泵、自冷式火箭发动机和其他部件，他设计的小推力火箭发动机是现代登月小火箭的原型。他的研究工作促进了德国布劳恩的研究，直到第二次世界大战结束，他死后才受到美国政府的注意。\n\n你好。请问罗伯特·胡钦斯·戈达德在火箭技术方面最重要的贡献是什么？", - "你好，Human。罗伯特·胡钦斯·戈达德被公认为现代火箭技术之父。他在火箭技术方面的最重要贡献有以下几点：首次证明真空中可存在推力；研制并试验用液态燃料（液氧和汽油）的火箭发动机；从数学上探讨包括液氧和液氢在内的各种燃料的能量和推力与其重量的比值；成功发射一枚超过音速的液体火箭；以及为火箭飞行器变轨装置和用多级火箭增大发射高度的专利等。他的研究极大地推动了火箭技术的发展。" + "罗伯特·胡钦斯·戈达德被公认为现代火箭技术之父。他在火箭技术方面的最重要贡献有以下几点：首次证明真空中可存在推力；研制并试验用液态燃料（液氧和汽油）的火箭发动机；从数学上探讨包括液氧和液氢在内的各种燃料的能量和推力与其重量的比值；成功发射一枚超过音速的液体火箭；以及为火箭飞行器变轨装置和用多级火箭增大发射高度的专利等。他的研究极大地推动了火箭技术的发展。" ], [ "那么戈达德的学术生涯和学位都是在哪里取得的呢？", @@ -243657,7 +243657,7 @@ "history": [ [ "迈锡尼Mycenae希腊伯罗奔尼撒东北部的史前城市。为一座天然的岩石城堡，是传说中的阿格曼侬的都城。青铜时代开始繁荣，成就了与众不同的迈锡尼文明。约西元前1400年在爱琴海地区达到全盛，约西元前1100年随着北部多里安人的入侵而衰落。迈锡尼的发掘始于1840年，以1876年左右谢里曼（H Schliemann）的发现最为着名。遗迹包括狮子门、卫城、谷仓和几座王室的蜂房式陵墓（参阅beehive tomb）以及杆状墓穴。\n\n你好，请问迈锡尼是什么时期的城市？", - "你好，Human！迈锡尼是一座史前城市，位于希腊伯罗奔尼撒东北部。它在青铜时代开始繁荣，并在大约公元前1400年在爱琴海地区达到全盛。然而，随着公元前1100年左右北部多里安人的入侵，迈锡尼逐渐衰落。所以，迈锡尼主要存在于青铜时代。" + "迈锡尼是一座史前城市，位于希腊伯罗奔尼撒东北部。它在青铜时代开始繁荣，并在大约公元前1400年在爱琴海地区达到全盛。然而，随着公元前1100年左右北部多里安人的入侵，迈锡尼逐渐衰落。所以，迈锡尼主要存在于青铜时代。" ], [ "阿格曼侬是谁？", @@ -243680,7 +243680,7 @@ "history": [ [ "观众厅auditorium剧院或礼堂中设有观众座位的厅堂，以别于进行表演的舞台部分。观众厅起源于古希腊的剧院，为嵌入山坡的半圆形座位区。大型观众厅的几层楼座包括池座、包厢、花楼、阳台或上层和走廊。倾斜的地面和集中的墙使得观众能看清楚舞台，并提高音响效果。当代观众厅的墙壁和天花板常设灯光、音响以及空调设备。\n\n请根据给定的信息简要描述一下观众厅的起源和特点。", - "你好，Human！观众厅起源于古希腊的剧院，最初为嵌入山坡的半圆形座位区。观众厅是剧院或礼堂中设有观众座位的部分，与舞台区域相区别。大型观众厅通常有几层楼座，包括池座、包厢、花楼、阳台或上层和走廊。观众厅的设计重点是确保倾斜的地面和集中的墙，以便观众能看清楚舞台并提高音响效果。现代观众厅的墙壁和天花板常设有灯光、音响以及空调设备，以提供更好的观影体验。" + "观众厅起源于古希腊的剧院，最初为嵌入山坡的半圆形座位区。观众厅是剧院或礼堂中设有观众座位的部分，与舞台区域相区别。大型观众厅通常有几层楼座，包括池座、包厢、花楼、阳台或上层和走廊。观众厅的设计重点是确保倾斜的地面和集中的墙，以便观众能看清楚舞台并提高音响效果。现代观众厅的墙壁和天花板常设有灯光、音响以及空调设备，以提供更好的观影体验。" ], [ "古希腊的剧院观众厅为什么会嵌入山坡设计？", @@ -244057,7 +244057,7 @@ "history": [ [ "绿湾Green Bay美国威斯康辛州东北部城市。位于密西根湖的绿湾，濒福克斯河。从1634年至1812年战争结束时为法国贸易站，1816年美军占领该地并建立霍华德堡。随着皮毛贸易的衰落和伊利运河的开通，发展为伐木和农业中心。它是五大湖的一个深水港，有大量批发零售业。以职业足球队「绿湾包装工队」闻名，该球队自1919年开始受到支持。设有威斯康辛大学分校及工学院。人口约102,000（1996）。\n\n你好，请问绿湾这个城市在哪个国家及具体的地理位置？", - "你好，Human！绿湾（Green Bay）是美国威斯康辛州东北部的一个城市，位于密西根湖的绿湾，濒临福克斯河。" + "绿湾（Green Bay）是美国威斯康辛州东北部的一个城市，位于密西根湖的绿湾，濒临福克斯河。" ], [ "这座城市有哪些历史事件？", @@ -244099,7 +244099,7 @@ "history": [ [ "五朔节May Day欧洲的传统春季节日（5月1日）。可能是起源于基督教之前的农业仪式。庆祝活动包括举着小树、枝叶或花环游行；选出一位五月国王和王后，并竖立五月柱。1889年国际社会主义者代表大会规定5月1日为国际劳动节，至今仍是全球的劳动节，只有少数例外（如加拿大和美国）。它在苏联和其他共产主义国家都是主要的节日，也曾是重要政治示威游行的日子。\n\n你好，请问五朔节和国际劳动节有什么关系吗？", - "你好，Human！五朔节（May Day）是欧洲的一个传统春季节日，通常在5月1日庆祝，起源于基督教之前的农业仪式。然而，1889年国际社会主义者代表大会将5月1日设定为国际劳动节，这是为了纪念劳动者的权益。它成为了全球范围内的劳动节，仅有少数国家例外。因此，五朔节和国际劳动节的关系在于它们都是在5月1日庆祝，但它们的起源和庆祝方式有所不同。" + "五朔节（May Day）是欧洲的一个传统春季节日，通常在5月1日庆祝，起源于基督教之前的农业仪式。然而，1889年国际社会主义者代表大会将5月1日设定为国际劳动节，这是为了纪念劳动者的权益。它成为了全球范围内的劳动节，仅有少数国家例外。因此，五朔节和国际劳动节的关系在于它们都是在5月1日庆祝，但它们的起源和庆祝方式有所不同。" ], [ "请详细解释一下五朔节的庆祝活动有哪些？", @@ -244461,7 +244461,7 @@ "history": [ [ "酸acid在水溶液中有酸味，使某些酸碱指示剂变色（如石蕊〔litmus〕），与某些金属（如铁〔iron〕）反应放出氢（hydrogen），与碱（base）反应生成盐，而且能加速某些化学反应（chemical reaction，如酸催化〔catalysis〕的一类物质的总称。酸包括硫酸（sulfuricacid）、硝酸（nitric acid）、盐酸（hudrochloric acid）和磷酸（phosphoric acid）等无机酸或矿物酸，以及羧酸、磺酸和酚类（phenols）等有机酸。这类物质含有一个或多个氢原子（atom），并能在溶液中以带正电荷的氢离子（ion）的形式释放出来。较广义的酸还包括化合物本身或溶于非水溶剂时有典型酸性的物质。亦请参阅acid-base theory。\n\n我看到了这段关于酸的描述，能请教你一些问题吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以，关于酸的问题请随时提问，我会尽力回答和解释的。" + "当然可以，关于酸的问题请随时提问，我会尽力回答和解释的。" ], [ "请问酸和碱发生反应会产生什么呢？", @@ -244511,7 +244511,7 @@ "history": [ [ "霍赫1629～1684年Hooch, Pieter de亦作Pieter de Hoogh荷兰风俗画家。他在哈勒姆学画，1655～1657年为代尔夫特画家行会的成员。作品在风格和主题上同弗美尔的作品近似，以小尺寸的室内画和光亮的露天景色闻名，在静谧简朴的背景中常安插几个忙于日常琐事的人物。在其最好的作品中，如《庭院里的女人和她的女仆》（1658）和《备膳室》（1658?），他注重光线的明暗、色调的变化和线条透视画法的周边效果。在他迁居阿姆斯特丹以后（1661?），作品数量是增加了，但在质量上却差了。最后死于疯人院。\n\n我最近在了解一位荷兰风俗画家霍赫，请问你能给我介绍一下他的生平和画作特点吗？", - "你好，Human。当然可以。霍赫（Pieter de Hooch）是一位来自荷兰的风俗画家，他生活在17世纪（1629～1684年）。在哈勒姆学画后，他于1655～1657年成为了代尔夫特画家行会的成员。他的作品和弗美尔在风格和主题上非常相近，以小尺寸的室内画和光亮的露天景色闻名。在他的画作里，经常可以看到在静谧简朴的背景中安插几个忙于日常琐事的人物。他擅长捕捉光线的明暗、色调的变化以及运用线条透视画法。而两幅他非常著名的作品是《庭院里的女人和她的女仆》（1658）和《备膳室》（1658?）。" + "当然可以。霍赫（Pieter de Hooch）是一位来自荷兰的风俗画家，他生活在17世纪（1629～1684年）。在哈勒姆学画后，他于1655～1657年成为了代尔夫特画家行会的成员。他的作品和弗美尔在风格和主题上非常相近，以小尺寸的室内画和光亮的露天景色闻名。在他的画作里，经常可以看到在静谧简朴的背景中安插几个忙于日常琐事的人物。他擅长捕捉光线的明暗、色调的变化以及运用线条透视画法。而两幅他非常著名的作品是《庭院里的女人和她的女仆》（1658）和《备膳室》（1658?）。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍，关于霍赫和弗美尔的画风相似，你能具体说明一下他们之间的异同吗？", @@ -244530,7 +244530,7 @@ "history": [ [ "路德宗；信义宗Lutheranism以马丁路德的宗教原则建立的基督教会分支。起于宗教改革运动之初，路德把「九十五条论纲」张贴在威登堡之后。路德派运动经大半个德国散布到斯堪的那维亚半岛，在那里成为法定教会。新荷兰和新瑞典的移民把路德宗带到新大陆，并在18世纪散布到美国中大西洋各州，19世纪散布到中西部。其信条包含在路德的教义问答和「奥格斯堡信纲」中。路德的信条强调单因信仰而获救赎，以及《圣经》为教会权威的优越性。「世界信义宗联合会」的总部设于日内瓦。亦请参阅Pietism。\n\n我想了解一下信义宗的起源和影响。", - "你好，Human！信义宗，又称路德宗，是基督教的一个分支，创立于宗教改革运动之初。它的创立人是马丁·路德，起源于他将《九十五条论纲》张贴在德国威登堡的一座教堂。信义宗很快在德国大部分地区传播，并传到斯堪的那维亚半岛，最终成为法定教会。后来，新荷兰和新瑞典的移民将信义宗带到了新大陆，18世纪传播到美国中大西洋各州，19世纪传播到中西部。信义宗的信条包含在路德的教义问答和奥格斯堡信纲中。信义宗强调单因信仰而获得救赎，以及圣经在教会中的权威地位。世界信义宗联合会的总部设于日内瓦。" + "信义宗，又称路德宗，是基督教的一个分支，创立于宗教改革运动之初。它的创立人是马丁·路德，起源于他将《九十五条论纲》张贴在德国威登堡的一座教堂。信义宗很快在德国大部分地区传播，并传到斯堪的那维亚半岛，最终成为法定教会。后来，新荷兰和新瑞典的移民将信义宗带到了新大陆，18世纪传播到美国中大西洋各州，19世纪传播到中西部。信义宗的信条包含在路德的教义问答和奥格斯堡信纲中。信义宗强调单因信仰而获得救赎，以及圣经在教会中的权威地位。世界信义宗联合会的总部设于日内瓦。" ], [ "信义宗与其他基督教教派有哪些区别呢？", @@ -244660,7 +244660,7 @@ "history": [ [ "托斯卡尼尼1867～1957年Toscanini, Arturo义大利指挥家。九岁进入音乐学校，学习大提琴，钢琴和作曲。以大提琴演奏家的身分开始其职业生涯。在威尔第的《阿依达》（布宜诺斯艾利斯，1886）代替一位不称职的指挥之后，在多家义大利歌剧院担任指挥，初次公演剧目为《丑角》（1892）和《波希米亚人》（1896）。曾数次出任米兰史卡拉歌剧院的音乐总监（1898～1903, 1906～1908, 1920～1929），并于1946年开放了重建后的歌剧院。在大都会歌剧院任音乐总监期间（1908～1915），向全世界公演了《金色西方的女孩》，在美国公演了戈东诺夫（B Godunov）和卢利（J-B Lully）的《阿依达》。于1930年成为第一位在拜罗伊特担任指挥的非德国人，但为了对纳粹政策表示抗议，他结束了在德国的演出。于1937年组建了NBC管弦乐团，他一直指挥该乐团直到1954年退休。\n\n请问你能简单介绍一下托斯卡尼尼（Arturo Toscanini）是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！托斯卡尼尼（Arturo Toscanini，1867-1957年）是一个著名的意大利指挥家。他9岁进入音乐学校学习大提琴、钢琴和作曲，并以大提琴演奏家的身份开始了他的职业生涯。后来他在多家意大利歌剧院担任指挥，同时也曾多次出任米兰史卡拉歌剧院和大都会歌剧院的音乐总监。他还曾是第一个在拜罗伊特担任指挥的非德国人，但由于抗议纳粹政策，中断了在德国的演出。1937年，他组建了NBC管弦乐团，并一直担任指挥直至1954年退休。" + "托斯卡尼尼（Arturo Toscanini，1867-1957年）是一个著名的意大利指挥家。他9岁进入音乐学校学习大提琴、钢琴和作曲，并以大提琴演奏家的身份开始了他的职业生涯。后来他在多家意大利歌剧院担任指挥，同时也曾多次出任米兰史卡拉歌剧院和大都会歌剧院的音乐总监。他还曾是第一个在拜罗伊特担任指挥的非德国人，但由于抗议纳粹政策，中断了在德国的演出。1937年，他组建了NBC管弦乐团，并一直担任指挥直至1954年退休。" ], [ "他是怎么从大提琴演奏家转行成为指挥家的呢？", @@ -245006,7 +245006,7 @@ "history": [ [ "热尔曼1673～1748年Germain, Thomas法国金银匠。童年学过绘画，1691年到罗马跟一个义大利银匠当学徒。1706年回到法国，一直到1720年代都在教堂工作，包括1716年为巴黎圣母院制造的镀金的白银饼盘。1720年他成为行会中的师傅。1723年路易十五世任命他为王室金匠。他也受到外国人赏识，其中有西班牙女王、那不勒斯国王与王后，以及葡萄牙宫廷。从1728年起的四十年间，热尔曼作坊为里斯本王宫制作的银器就有3,000件左右。其作品中以刻意浮夸的洛可可式物件最为着名，但是有一些作品却简朴而雅致。\n\n请问Thomas Germain是哪个国家的金银匠？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，Thomas Germain（热尔曼）是法国的金银匠。他在18世纪的大部分时间里为教堂、贵族和皇室制作精美的金银制品。" + "根据提供的信息，Thomas Germain（热尔曼）是法国的金银匠。他在18世纪的大部分时间里为教堂、贵族和皇室制作精美的金银制品。" ], [ "他的童年经历是什么样的？", @@ -245455,7 +245455,7 @@ "history": [ [ "毕卡索1881～1973年Picasso, Pablo (Ruiz y)西班牙裔法国画家、雕塑家、版画家、陶瓷家和舞台设计师。由担任素描教授的父亲给予训练，十三岁首度展出作品。1904年永久迁居巴黎后，他以「粉红色时期」（1904～1906）的陶瓷和肉体色调取代所谓「蓝色时期」（1901～1904）的支配性蓝色调。他的首件杰作《亚威农的少女》（1907）具有争议性，因为其中暴烈地处理女体，并有源自非洲艺术习作的面具似脸庞。翌年，他与友人布拉克从塞尚身上找到灵感，然后开始实验立体主义。1912年把上胶的纸和其他材料贴在画布上，进一步发展了立体主义。1917～1924年毕卡索为佳吉列夫的俄罗斯芭蕾舞团设计舞台布景。1920年代和1930年代超现实主义者刺激他去探索新的题材，特别是弥诺陶洛斯（Minotaur）的影像。西班牙内战可能启发了他创作出最伟大作品，即巨幅的《格尔尼卡》（1937），其中暴烈的影像谴责了生命遭受摧残的情形。第二次世界大战后，他加入共产党，并献身于雕塑、陶瓷、平版画和油画。晚年他创作了早期艺术家作品的变异，其中最着名的是以委拉斯开兹《小公主玛格丽特》为本的一系列五十八幅画。在八十年生涯皆是革新者，毕卡索似乎跳脱了批评，也几乎让20世纪每位艺术家都感受到他的影响。\n\n我想了解一下毕加索是在什么时期搬到巴黎定居的？", - "你好，Human！毕加索于1904年永久迁居巴黎，从此开始了他在法国的艺术生涯。" + "毕加索于1904年永久迁居巴黎，从此开始了他在法国的艺术生涯。" ], [ "那么毕卡索的著名的蓝色时期和粉红色时期分别是什么时候？", @@ -245608,7 +245608,7 @@ "history": [ [ "石榴pomegranate石榴科两种植物的果实，一种为原产于亚洲的灌木或小乔木，学名Punica granatum；另一种产于索科特拉岛，对其所知甚少。原产于伊朗，但很早已在地中海沿岸地区和印度栽培，也生长于新大陆温暖地区。果实大如柑橘，有6条不明显的边，外皮光滑，革质，褐黄色至红色；里面分隔成数室，含有许多形小透明的颗粒，颗粒外层是微红的多汁果肉，内有一粒具棱角的长形种子。果可鲜食，石榴汁可制石榴糖浆，用于调味和甜露酒。植株高可达5～7公尺，有鲜绿色椭圆形叶和美丽的橘红色花。在整个东方，石榴自古与葡萄、无花果一样重要。在《圣经》、先知穆罕默德的话语和希腊神话中都曾提及石榴。\n\n请问石榴的原产地是哪里？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，石榴最初产自伊朗。后来，它在地中海沿岸地区和印度开始被种植。现在石榴也生长于新大陆的温暖地区。" + "根据提供的信息，石榴最初产自伊朗。后来，它在地中海沿岸地区和印度开始被种植。现在石榴也生长于新大陆的温暖地区。" ], [ "石榴有几种植物，它们分别是什么？", @@ -245704,7 +245704,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奥瑞冈小道Oregon Trail19世纪通往美国西北地区的主要路线。起点为密苏里州的独立城，终点为奥瑞冈州的哥伦比亚河地区，全长约3,200公里。最初是毛皮商人和传教士使用，1840年代突然繁忙起来，旅行者经由小道前往奥瑞冈，包括由惠特曼率领的大迁移移民。在所有西部小道中，奥瑞冈小道的使用期间最长，以做为牛、羊向东的放牧路线，从铁路的竞争中留存下来。\n\n请问奥瑞冈小道（Oregon Trail）是连接哪两个地点的主要路线？全程大约多少距离？", - "你好，Human！奥瑞冈小道起点位于密苏里州的独立城，终点为奥瑞冈州的哥伦比亚河地区。整条路线全长约为3,200公里。由于这条路线在19世纪非常重要，它被视为通往美国西北地区的主要路线。" + "奥瑞冈小道起点位于密苏里州的独立城，终点为奥瑞冈州的哥伦比亚河地区。整条路线全长约为3,200公里。由于这条路线在19世纪非常重要，它被视为通往美国西北地区的主要路线。" ], [ "这条路线最初是由哪些人使用的？从何时开始变得繁忙？", @@ -245974,7 +245974,7 @@ "history": [ [ "玄武岩basalt二氧化硅含量低、铁和镁含量比较高的深色火成岩。有些玄武岩完全是玻璃质的（玄武玻璃），许多都是极细粒和致密的；橄榄石和普通辉石是玄武岩中最常见的斑晶矿物，不过斜长石斑晶也很常见。玄武岩大致可分为两大类︰钙碱性玄武岩类在一些造山带的熔岩中占有优势，如夏威夷的冒纳罗亚和基劳亚的活火山喷发出拉斑玄武岩质熔岩；碱性玄武岩类在大洋盆地的溶岩中占优势，在造山带的前陆和腹地的基性熔岩当中也常见。\n\n请问玄武岩是什么样的岩石？", - "你好，Human。玄武岩是一种深色的火成岩，其特点是二氧化硅含量较低，而铁和镁的含量较高。它可能呈现出完全的玻璃质（如玄武玻璃），也可能是极细粒和致密的。在玄武岩中，最常见的斑晶矿物是橄榄石和普通辉石，但斜长石斑晶也很常见。一般来说，玄武岩分为钙碱性玄武岩类和碱性玄武岩类两大类。" + "玄武岩是一种深色的火成岩，其特点是二氧化硅含量较低，而铁和镁的含量较高。它可能呈现出完全的玻璃质（如玄武玻璃），也可能是极细粒和致密的。在玄武岩中，最常见的斑晶矿物是橄榄石和普通辉石，但斜长石斑晶也很常见。一般来说，玄武岩分为钙碱性玄武岩类和碱性玄武岩类两大类。" ], [ "钙碱性玄武岩类和碱性玄武岩类的主要区别是什么？", @@ -246073,7 +246073,7 @@ "history": [ [ "体操gymnastics作为竞技运动同时加强体力、柔软性、灵敏度、协调性、身体控制能力和对身体的锻炼。古奥运会的一部分。现代体操实际是由德国人弗里德里希路德维希杨（1778～1852）再发明的结果。1896年恢复奥运会，体操被包括在国际比赛项目中。1936年女子项目开始，男子项目包括：单杠、双杠、横马、跳马、吊环和地板运动。女子项目包括：平衡木、高低杠跳马、地板运动、韵律体操和全能体操比赛。\n\n我想了解一下体操这项运动的历史背景和发展情况。", - "你好，Human！体操这一竞技运动起源于古奥运会，并在德国人弗里德里希·路德维希·杨（1778-1852）的推动下得到再发明和发展。自1896年奥运会恢复以来，体操就被包括在国际比赛项目中。1936年，女子体操项目开始实施。我将详细为你介绍男子和女子的比赛项目。\n\n男子项目包括单杠、双杠、横马、跳马、吊环和地板运动。这些项目综合考验运动员的体力、柔软性、灵敏度、协调性和身体控制能力。女子项目有平衡木、高低杠跳马、地板运动、韵律体操和全能体操比赛。它们强调运动员的平衡、灵活性和控制力。\n\n希望这些信息能够帮助你对体操有个更全面的了解。如果你还有其他问题，请随时提问。" + "体操这一竞技运动起源于古奥运会，并在德国人弗里德里希·路德维希·杨（1778-1852）的推动下得到再发明和发展。自1896年奥运会恢复以来，体操就被包括在国际比赛项目中。1936年，女子体操项目开始实施。我将详细为你介绍男子和女子的比赛项目。\n\n男子项目包括单杠、双杠、横马、跳马、吊环和地板运动。这些项目综合考验运动员的体力、柔软性、灵敏度、协调性和身体控制能力。女子项目有平衡木、高低杠跳马、地板运动、韵律体操和全能体操比赛。它们强调运动员的平衡、灵活性和控制力。\n\n希望这些信息能够帮助你对体操有个更全面的了解。如果你还有其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。能具体介绍一下每个男子项目的特点吗？", @@ -246271,7 +246271,7 @@ "history": [ [ "达穆Damu美索不达米亚宗教（Mesopotamian religion）中，苏美人的草木之神，也是幼发拉底河畔吉尔苏城（Girsu）的保护神。达穆专司草木生气之精髓。另一女神亦名达穆，是伊辛的护城女神尼宁辛娜之女，司掌医疗病痛。\n\n请问达穆是苏美人的哪种神？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，达穆是苏美人的草木之神。他主要负责草木的生气精髓。苏美人是美索不达米亚宗教的一部分。此外，达穆还是幼发拉底河畔吉尔苏城（Girsu）的保护神。" + "根据提供的信息，达穆是苏美人的草木之神。他主要负责草木的生气精髓。苏美人是美索不达米亚宗教的一部分。此外，达穆还是幼发拉底河畔吉尔苏城（Girsu）的保护神。" ], [ "为什么达穆被认为是草木之神呢？", @@ -246465,7 +246465,7 @@ "history": [ [ "达穆Damu美索不达米亚宗教（Mesopotamian religion）中，苏美人的草木之神，也是幼发拉底河畔吉尔苏城（Girsu）的保护神。达穆专司草木生气之精髓。另一女神亦名达穆，是伊辛的护城女神尼宁辛娜之女，司掌医疗病痛。\n\n请问达穆是哪个宗教中的神？", - "您好，Human。达穆是美索不达米亚宗教中的一位神。美索不达米亚宗教是古代美索不达米亚地区（现今伊拉克等地）所信奉的一系列宗教信仰。美索不达米亚地区包括的文明有苏美尔、阿卡德、巴比伦和亚述等。" + "达穆是美索不达米亚宗教中的一位神。美索不达米亚宗教是古代美索不达米亚地区（现今伊拉克等地）所信奉的一系列宗教信仰。美索不达米亚地区包括的文明有苏美尔、阿卡德、巴比伦和亚述等。" ], [ "在美索不达米亚宗教中，达穆神具有哪些特性和功能？", @@ -246484,7 +246484,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赞美歌anthem基督教教会用英语演唱的宗教礼拜合唱曲。于16世纪中叶在圣公会中发展起来。从音乐形式来看，同天主教的拉丁文经文歌（motet）相似。它的演唱方式并不一致。最初以无伴奏的作品（称正式赞美歌）为标准。16世纪诗体赞美诗（其中用一个独唱声部，最后发展为独唱组和一合唱团）兴起，并鼓励用乐器伴奏，或用管风琴或用乐器组如管乐器或古提琴。重要的赞美歌作曲家有：伯德（W Byrd）、塔里斯（T Tallis）、菩赛尔（H Purcell）和韩德尔（G F Handel）。国歌是一种赞美歌形式的爱国歌曲，由全体国民以合唱的方式来唱。\n\n我想了解一下英语的赞美歌，比如它的起源和发展。", - "你好，Human！英语赞美歌（anthem）是基督教教会用于宗教礼拜的合唱曲。赞美歌起源于16世纪中叶的英国圣公会。音乐形式上，赞美歌与天主教的拉丁文经文歌（motet）相似。赞美歌的演唱方式并不固定，最初以无伴奏的作品为标准，称为正式赞美歌。后来，16世纪诗体赞美诗兴起，鼓励使用乐器伴奏，如管风琴、管乐器或古提琴等。重要的赞美歌作曲家有伯德（W Byrd）、塔里斯（T Tallis）、菩赛尔（H Purcell）和韩德尔（G F Handel）。此外，国歌是一种赞美歌形式的爱国歌曲，由全体国民以合唱的方式来演唱。" + "英语赞美歌（anthem）是基督教教会用于宗教礼拜的合唱曲。赞美歌起源于16世纪中叶的英国圣公会。音乐形式上，赞美歌与天主教的拉丁文经文歌（motet）相似。赞美歌的演唱方式并不固定，最初以无伴奏的作品为标准，称为正式赞美歌。后来，16世纪诗体赞美诗兴起，鼓励使用乐器伴奏，如管风琴、管乐器或古提琴等。重要的赞美歌作曲家有伯德（W Byrd）、塔里斯（T Tallis）、菩赛尔（H Purcell）和韩德尔（G F Handel）。此外，国歌是一种赞美歌形式的爱国歌曲，由全体国民以合唱的方式来演唱。" ], [ "能举一个16世纪诗体赞美诗的例子吗？", @@ -246537,7 +246537,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海伍德1497?～1575年以后Heywood, John英国剧作家。其机智而又具有讽刺意味的诗文幕间剧帮助英国戏剧在伊莉莎白时期高度发展了喜剧。他的幕间剧是描写日常生活和风尚以取代《圣经》寓言，作品包括《气候剧》、《爱情剧》和《智多星与愚人》（皆作于1533），以及《游方僧、赎罪券推销员、药剂师和小贩》（1544?）。他还写警句诗、叙事诗和讽喻诗《蜘蛛和苍蝇》。\n\n请问John Heywood是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，约翰·海伍德（John Heywood）出生于1497年。" + "根据提供的信息，约翰·海伍德（John Heywood）出生于1497年。" ], [ "他在英国戏剧史上有什么重要贡献？", @@ -247011,7 +247011,7 @@ "history": [ [ "七月密谋July Plot亦称拉斯滕堡暗杀事件（Rastenburg Assassination Plot）一次失败的暗杀行动。1944年7月20日一批德国高级军官企图暗杀希特勒，以便在与同盟国的和谈中获得更有利的条件。根据计画，施陶芬贝格伯爵将藏有炸弹的公事包放到东普鲁士拉斯滕堡「狼穴」大本营的会议室里，准备在希特勒与高级军事助手开会时炸死他们。但公事包被推到桌脚后面，所以希特勒仅受轻伤。同时，在柏林的同党亦行动失败。主谋者包括了施陶芬贝格、贝克将军、隆美尔将军及其他高级官员，他们都被处决或被迫自杀。接下来的几天里，希特勒的警察逮捕了近两百名密谋者，他们不是被枪杀、绞死就是被勒毙。\n\n我想了解一下七月密谋，这是什么事件？", - "你好，Human！七月密谋（July Plot）又称拉斯滕堡暗杀事件，是1944年7月20日发生的一次失败的暗杀行动。这次行动的目的是企图暗杀纳粹德国领导人希特勒，以便在与同盟国的和谈中获得更有利的条件。一批德国高级军官共谋制定了这个计划，他们把藏有炸弹的公事包放在东普鲁士拉斯滕堡的狼穴大本营的会议室里，试图炸死希特勒及其高级军事助手。但是，由于公事包被推到桌脚后面，希特勒只受了轻伤。主谋者如施陶芬贝格伯爵、贝克将军、隆美尔将军等高级官员在行动失败后被处决或被迫自杀。" + "七月密谋（July Plot）又称拉斯滕堡暗杀事件，是1944年7月20日发生的一次失败的暗杀行动。这次行动的目的是企图暗杀纳粹德国领导人希特勒，以便在与同盟国的和谈中获得更有利的条件。一批德国高级军官共谋制定了这个计划，他们把藏有炸弹的公事包放在东普鲁士拉斯滕堡的狼穴大本营的会议室里，试图炸死希特勒及其高级军事助手。但是，由于公事包被推到桌脚后面，希特勒只受了轻伤。主谋者如施陶芬贝格伯爵、贝克将军、隆美尔将军等高级官员在行动失败后被处决或被迫自杀。" ], [ "为什么主谋者们最后都被处决或被迫自杀呢？", @@ -247053,7 +247053,7 @@ "history": [ [ "火绒草edelweiss菊科（composite family）多年生植物，学名为Leontopodium alpinum。原产于欧洲和南美高山地带。头状花序黄色，2～10个簇生；花簇下有叶6～9枚，披针形，白色，被绵毛，排列成星形，大多可供观赏。\n\n你好，请问火绒草是什么植物？", - "你好，Human！火绒草，学名为Leontopodium alpinum，属于菊科多年生植物。它原产于欧洲和南美洲的高山地带。火绒草的头状花序呈黄色，每个花序下面有6～9枚披针形的叶子。这些叶子白色，被有绵毛，排列成星形，具有观赏价值。希望这些信息能帮助你更好地了解火绒草。" + "火绒草，学名为Leontopodium alpinum，属于菊科多年生植物。它原产于欧洲和南美洲的高山地带。火绒草的头状花序呈黄色，每个花序下面有6～9枚披针形的叶子。这些叶子白色，被有绵毛，排列成星形，具有观赏价值。希望这些信息能帮助你更好地了解火绒草。" ], [ "火绒草为什么被称为edelweiss？", @@ -247072,7 +247072,7 @@ "history": [ [ "应变strain在物理科学和工程学中，描述弹性、塑性以及流体材料在外力作用下发生相对形变的数值。这种形变遍及整个材料，由材料中的粒子偏离了它们的正常位置而引起。正应变是由垂直于材料各个面或截面的力引起，就像在各个面上都受到压力的体积中那样。切应变是由与材料的各个面或截面平行并处于面内的力引起的，如绕纵轴扭转的短金属管内的应变。亦请参阅deformation and flow。\n\n我刚刚看到一段关于应变的描述，请问应变是什么？", - "你好，Human。应变是物理科学和工程学中描述弹性、塑性以及流体材料在外力作用下发生相对形变的数值。这种形变遍及整个材料，由材料中的粒子偏离了它们的正常位置而引起。" + "应变是物理科学和工程学中描述弹性、塑性以及流体材料在外力作用下发生相对形变的数值。这种形变遍及整个材料，由材料中的粒子偏离了它们的正常位置而引起。" ], [ "那么应变分为哪几类？", @@ -247160,7 +247160,7 @@ "history": [ [ "低级歌舞表演burlesque show专为男人设计的舞台娱乐节目。1868年由英国歌舞女郎引进美国，后来发展为黑脸歌舞秀，主要分成三部分：一、一系列粗俗幽默的歌曲、打闹剧和喜剧单口相声；二、大杂烩表演（如特技表演、魔术表演或唱歌）；三、合唱歌曲或模仿秀，或针对政治、时势的诙谐作品。这种表演以异国风味的舞者或拳击压轴。20世纪初，布赖斯、乔尔森和菲尔兹开展了在诙谐作品的事业。1920年代加上脱衣舞表演，造就了像吉普赛女郎李这种明星，但面对政府当局的检查及电影的竞争，使低级歌舞表演逐渐衰退。\n\n请问根据这段描述，低级歌舞表演burlesque show是什么样的表演？", - "你好，Human！根据这段描述，低级歌舞表演 burlesque show 是一种专为男人设计的舞台娱乐节目，起源于1868年，当时由英国歌舞女郎引入美国。这类表演主要分为三部分：首先是一系列粗俗幽默的歌曲、打闹剧和喜剧单口相声；其次是大杂烩表演，如特技、魔术或唱歌；最后是合唱歌曲、模仿秀，或针对政治、时势的诙谐作品。这种表演通常会以异国风味的舞者或拳击作为压轴。" + "根据这段描述，低级歌舞表演 burlesque show 是一种专为男人设计的舞台娱乐节目，起源于1868年，当时由英国歌舞女郎引入美国。这类表演主要分为三部分：首先是一系列粗俗幽默的歌曲、打闹剧和喜剧单口相声；其次是大杂烩表演，如特技、魔术或唱歌；最后是合唱歌曲、模仿秀，或针对政治、时势的诙谐作品。这种表演通常会以异国风味的舞者或拳击作为压轴。" ], [ "你能介绍一下历史上这种表演的一些明星吗？", @@ -247425,7 +247425,7 @@ "history": [ [ "锌zinc化学元素，周期表IIb族（锌族）低熔点金属，化学符号Zn，原子序数30。锌是人体必不可少的痕量元素，在红血球中其浓度很高，是碳酸脱水的主要成分，能促进许多与二氧化碳代谢有关的反应。新浇铸的锌表面呈发蓝的银白色，在空气中可缓慢氧化，生成灰白色保护性氧化物膜。高纯锌（9999%）有延展性；制造黄铜和压铸合金；主要用于钢铁表面镀锌。可用于涂料、紫外辐射光吸收器（防止晒伤）、食物添加剂、种子处理剂及光电导体。锌的其他化合物（其中原子价为 II少则为 I）可用于工业和消费用品，包括杀虫剂、涂料、媒染剂、助熔剂以及木材防腐剂。\n\n你好，请问锌属于哪一个族？周期表中的原子序数是多少？", - "你好，Human！锌是周期表中IIb族（也叫锌族）的金属元素，其原子序数为30。如果您有关于锌的其他问题，请随时提问，我会尽力帮助您。" + "锌是周期表中IIb族（也叫锌族）的金属元素，其原子序数为30。如果您有关于锌的其他问题，请随时提问，我会尽力帮助您。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。那么锌在人体里有什么重要功能？", @@ -247532,7 +247532,7 @@ "history": [ [ "普里切特1900～1997年Pritchett, V(ictor) S(awdon)受封为维克多爵士（Sir Victor）英国长篇小说家、短篇小说作家和评论家。1922年成为专任新闻记者，1928～1965年为《新政治家》的文评家，以其观察敏锐的评论和尖锐、细致修饰的短篇小说闻名。他的文集对中产阶级生活进行了生动、讽刺的描写，有《掌握自我》（1938）、《盲目的爱情》（1969）、《粗心的寡妇》（1989）。他也写长篇小说、游记，以及受人称赞的回忆录《门边的马车》（1968）及《午夜的油》（1971）。\n\n你好，请告诉我关于英国作家V.S.普里切特的基本信息吧。", - "你好，Human。V.S. Pritchett（全名Victor Sawdon Pritchett，1900-1997年）是一位著名的英国长篇小说家、短篇小说作家和评论家。后来他受封为维克多爵士（Sir Victor）。他1922年开始成为专职新闻记者，而在1928年至1965年期间，他担任《新政治家》的文评家，并因其敏锐的评论和尖锐、细致修饰的短篇小说而闻名。" + "V.S. Pritchett（全名Victor Sawdon Pritchett，1900-1997年）是一位著名的英国长篇小说家、短篇小说作家和评论家。后来他受封为维克多爵士（Sir Victor）。他1922年开始成为专职新闻记者，而在1928年至1965年期间，他担任《新政治家》的文评家，并因其敏锐的评论和尖锐、细致修饰的短篇小说而闻名。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答，请问他的作品主要是关注哪些方面的？", @@ -247631,7 +247631,7 @@ "history": [ [ "β阻断剂beta-blocker全称β－肾上腺素能阻断剂（beta-adrenergic blocking agent）是用以治疗多种交感神经系统（参阅autonomic nervous system）疾患的合成药。它们阻断心脏和其他平滑肌肉细胞中的β－肾上腺素能受体，这些受体在接受肾上腺素后会使交感神经系统兴奋。为了避免这种兴奋，用β阻断剂能控制焦虑、高血压，以及治疗多种心脏疾患（参阅heart disease）。能有效地减少再次发作心肌梗塞的危险。\n\n请问β阻断剂是什么？", - "你好，Human！β阻断剂，全称β-肾上腺素能阻断剂（beta-adrenergic blocking agent），是一类用于治疗多种交感神经系统疾患的合成药物。它们的作用机制是阻断心脏和其他平滑肌肉细胞中的β-肾上腺素能受体，这些受体在接受肾上腺素后会使交感神经系统兴奋。通过使用β阻断剂，我们可以控制焦虑、高血压，以及治疗多种心脏疾患。它还能有效地降低再次发生心肌梗塞的风险。" + "β阻断剂，全称β-肾上腺素能阻断剂（beta-adrenergic blocking agent），是一类用于治疗多种交感神经系统疾患的合成药物。它们的作用机制是阻断心脏和其他平滑肌肉细胞中的β-肾上腺素能受体，这些受体在接受肾上腺素后会使交感神经系统兴奋。通过使用β阻断剂，我们可以控制焦虑、高血压，以及治疗多种心脏疾患。它还能有效地降低再次发生心肌梗塞的风险。" ], [ "那么β阻断剂主要用于治疗哪些疾病？", @@ -247654,7 +247654,7 @@ "history": [ [ "病毒学virology研究病毒的科学。1892年伊凡诺夫斯基观察到，烟草花叶病的病原体（后证实为病毒）能通过细菌无法穿透的瓷滤器时，人们才知道病毒的存在。20世纪初期发现噬菌体的存在时，是现在病毒学的开始。1940年左右电子显微镜面世后，人们才能直接观察病毒。\n\n你好，请问病毒学是什么？", - "你好，Human！病毒学是一门研究病毒的科学。病毒是一种微小的生物体，可引起各种生物（包括动物、植物和微生物）产生多种疾病。病毒学涉及病毒的结构、功能、生命周期、传播途径、免疫机制等多个方面。" + "病毒学是一门研究病毒的科学。病毒是一种微小的生物体，可引起各种生物（包括动物、植物和微生物）产生多种疾病。病毒学涉及病毒的结构、功能、生命周期、传播途径、免疫机制等多个方面。" ], [ "伊凡诺夫斯基是如何发现病毒的存在的？", @@ -247791,7 +247791,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哈利生1693～1776年Harrison, John美国钟表制造商。他是木匠的儿子，1735年发明了第一台实用的航海时计（天文钟）。接着又做了三台，一台比一台小，一台比一台精确。1762年经过从英格兰到牙买加的航行后，发现他的第四台航海天文钟的误差只有5秒（经度差125分）。天文钟第一次让海员们能使用实用的方法从观察天体中确定他们在海上的位置。亦请参阅Berthoud, Ferdinand。\n\n请问哈利生（John Harrison）是谁？", - "你好，Human！哈利生（John Harrison，1693-1776年）是一位美国钟表制造商。他的父亲是一位木匠，而他在1735年发明了第一台实用的航海时计（天文钟）。他的发明对于航海界有重要影响，首次使海员能够使用实用的方法通过观察天体来确定他们在海上的位置。有什么关于这方面的问题我可以帮助你解答吗？" + "哈利生（John Harrison，1693-1776年）是一位美国钟表制造商。他的父亲是一位木匠，而他在1735年发明了第一台实用的航海时计（天文钟）。他的发明对于航海界有重要影响，首次使海员能够使用实用的方法通过观察天体来确定他们在海上的位置。有什么关于这方面的问题我可以帮助你解答吗？" ], [ "请介绍一下哈利生发明的四台航海时计。", @@ -248198,7 +248198,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马舒1300～1377年Machaut, Guillaume de法国诗人和作曲家。大学毕业后领受神职，以波希米亚国王秘书的身分游历整个欧洲。1340年起定居于理姆斯，接受贝里公爵、国王查理五世等几位皇家赞助者供养。除了十四首叙事诗复合抒情短诗，还有超过四百首的抒情诗。其音乐创作产量丰富，采用固定乐思的乐曲形式，同时发展出四声部的弥撒曲。他是法国新艺术时期的杰出人物，其诗作是乔叟作品的灵感来源。\n\n请问马舒是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，马舒（Guillaume de Machaut）生活在1300到1377年，他是一位法国诗人和作曲家。因此，他大约是在1300年左右出生的。他的诗歌和音乐创作对后世产生了很大影响，其中包括乔叟的作品。" + "根据提供的信息，马舒（Guillaume de Machaut）生活在1300到1377年，他是一位法国诗人和作曲家。因此，他大约是在1300年左右出生的。他的诗歌和音乐创作对后世产生了很大影响，其中包括乔叟的作品。" ], [ "马舒是在哪个国家的大学毕业的？", @@ -248473,7 +248473,7 @@ "history": [ [ "比布鲁斯Byblos今名朱拜勒（Jubayl）地中海东岸古城，位于今贝鲁特北部。至少在新石器时代即有人居住；西元前4千纪时扩大为大居民区。后成为向埃及输出雪松的主要港口，也是大贸易中心。纸莎草（papyrus）早期的希腊名字为比布鲁斯，因为它透过该地出口到爱琴海；《圣经》（Bible）的原意即指「（纸莎草的）书」（the (papyrus) book）。比布鲁斯几乎产生出全部已知的早期腓尼基铭文，大部分来自西元前10世纪。到那时，提尔在腓尼基的地位已崛起，比布鲁斯虽然一直繁荣到罗马时期，但再也恢复不了以前的霸主地位。\n\n请问比布鲁斯（Byblos）是位于哪个国家？", - "你好，Human。比布鲁斯（Byblos）位于地中海东岸，地理位置上看，现在属于黎巴嫩的一个古城，位于贝鲁特北部。这里可以追溯到新石器时代的人类居住痕迹，因此具有悠久的历史。" + "比布鲁斯（Byblos）位于地中海东岸，地理位置上看，现在属于黎巴嫩的一个古城，位于贝鲁特北部。这里可以追溯到新石器时代的人类居住痕迹，因此具有悠久的历史。" ], [ "比布鲁斯的地理位置为什么使它成为一个重要的贸易中心？", @@ -249056,7 +249056,7 @@ "history": [ [ "基础论foundationalism一种知识论观点，认为有些信念可以正当地直接掌握（亦即在感性知觉或理性直觉的基础上），而无需经由其他信念推论而来。在这样的观点下，其他种类的信念（也就是关于物质对象或科学理论实体的信念）并不被认为是基本或基础的，而需要由其他信念推论而来。基础论者的典型特色，就是将自明的真理、感觉资料与感官材料的呈现视为基本的，在这样的观点下，这些东西就无需其他信念的支持。因此这些信念为宏伟的知识体系，提供了正确建构的基础。亦请参阅coherentism。\n\n你好，我想了解一下基础论这一知识论观点。它具体是什么意思呢？", - "你好，Human！基础论（foundationalism）是一种知识论观点，主张有些信念可以直接掌握，无需基于其他信念的推论。换句话说，基础论认为有些信念是基本或基础的，它们可以是自明的真理、感觉资料和感官材料的呈现等。这些基础信念为更复杂的知识体系提供了正确建构的基础。而那些非基础信念，如关于物质对象或科学理论实体的信念，则需要基于基础信念来推论而成。" + "基础论（foundationalism）是一种知识论观点，主张有些信念可以直接掌握，无需基于其他信念的推论。换句话说，基础论认为有些信念是基本或基础的，它们可以是自明的真理、感觉资料和感官材料的呈现等。这些基础信念为更复杂的知识体系提供了正确建构的基础。而那些非基础信念，如关于物质对象或科学理论实体的信念，则需要基于基础信念来推论而成。" ], [ "那么如何判断一个信念是否属于基础信念呢？", @@ -249098,7 +249098,7 @@ "history": [ [ "艾米利亚-罗马涅Emilia-Romagna义大利北部自治区。人口约3,924,000（1996）。滨亚得里亚海，北至波河，西部和南部以平宁山脉为界。区名源出古罗马建于西元前187年左右的艾米利亚大道（Aemilian way）。波隆那为此区的主要城市暨首府。此区以前的范围包括帕尔马公国（Parma）、摩德纳公国（Modena）和教宗辖区罗马涅（papa Romagna）。1861年并入义大利王国。1948年始建为现在的政治区。北部肥沃的艾米利亚平原（Emilian Plain）使该自治区成为全国主要农业区之一。牧业和乳品业分布广泛，有大型食品加工厂。\n\n你好，请根据提供的信息，简单介绍一下艾米利亚-罗马涅这个地区。", - "你好，Human！艾米利亚-罗马涅是意大利北部的一个自治区，拥有约392.4万人口（1996年数据）。它位于亚得里亚海沿岸，北至波河，西部和南部以平宁山脉为界。该自治区的名字来源于古罗马时期建于西元前187年左右的艾米利亚大道（Aemilian Way）。波隆那是该地区的主要城市以及首府。在过去，这个地区曾包括帕尔马公国、摩德纳公国和教宗辖区罗马涅。它于1861年成为义大利王国的一部分，后在1948年成立了现在的政治区。该自治区拥有肥沃的艾米利亚平原，因此成为了全国主要农业区之一。同时，牧业和乳品业也广泛分布在这里，还有大型的食品加工厂。" + "艾米利亚-罗马涅是意大利北部的一个自治区，拥有约392.4万人口（1996年数据）。它位于亚得里亚海沿岸，北至波河，西部和南部以平宁山脉为界。该自治区的名字来源于古罗马时期建于西元前187年左右的艾米利亚大道（Aemilian Way）。波隆那是该地区的主要城市以及首府。在过去，这个地区曾包括帕尔马公国、摩德纳公国和教宗辖区罗马涅。它于1861年成为义大利王国的一部分，后在1948年成立了现在的政治区。该自治区拥有肥沃的艾米利亚平原，因此成为了全国主要农业区之一。同时，牧业和乳品业也广泛分布在这里，还有大型的食品加工厂。" ], [ "艾米利亚-罗马涅有哪些经济产业？", @@ -249346,7 +249346,7 @@ "history": [ [ "贝坦科尔特1908～1981年Betancourt, Rómulo委内瑞拉总统（1945～1948、1959～1964）。青年时代积极参与反对戈麦斯（J V Gomez, 1857/1864～1935）独裁统治的活动。短期加入共产党后，又转而反对它，并协助创立左翼反共的民主行动党，该党在一次政变后于1945年取得执政权。他任临时总统时，实施温和的社会改革政策，后辞职而同意选举一个继承人。1959年再次当选总统，在亲古巴的共产主义者和被吓坏的保守派之间走中间路线，提出庞大的公共工程建设计画，并促进了工业的发展（以大量的石油出口来支助）。1964年退休。\n\n请问贝坦科尔特是谁？", - "你好，Human。贝坦科尔特（Rómulo Betancourt, 1908～1981年）是委内瑞拉的两届总统，分别在1945年至1948年和1959年至1964年担任总统。他在青年时代参与反对戈麦斯独裁统治的活动，并在政治生涯中创立了左翼反共的民主行动党。他曾实施温和的社会改革政策，并在第二次当选总统期间，在亲古巴的共产主义者和保守派之间走中间路线，推动公共工程建设及工业发展。" + "贝坦科尔特（Rómulo Betancourt, 1908～1981年）是委内瑞拉的两届总统，分别在1945年至1948年和1959年至1964年担任总统。他在青年时代参与反对戈麦斯独裁统治的活动，并在政治生涯中创立了左翼反共的民主行动党。他曾实施温和的社会改革政策，并在第二次当选总统期间，在亲古巴的共产主义者和保守派之间走中间路线，推动公共工程建设及工业发展。" ], [ "贝坦科尔特为什么最初加入共产党后又转而反对它？", @@ -249522,7 +249522,7 @@ "history": [ [ "资源分配allocation of resources指生产资料在不同用途间的分配。资源（资本、劳力、土地）有限，且资源有各种用途，而人们对它们的需求又往往无限。社会为了达到这些关系的平衡而提出了资源分配问题。资源分配的机制有自由市场经济中的价格系统；国有经济，或混合经济中公有部分中的政府计画。资源分配的目的总是要使一定的资源组合得到最大可能的产出。\n\n请问资源分配是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！资源分配指的是生产资料在不同用途间的分配。由于资源（资本、劳力、土地）是有限的，而人们对这些资源的需求通常是无限的，因此社会需要寻找一种平衡，以实现资源在各个用途之间的分配。这种分配可以通过自由市场经济中的价格系统来实现，也可以通过国有经济或混合经济中政府的计划来实现。资源分配的目标是使得在有限资源的条件下，产出达到最大化。" + "资源分配指的是生产资料在不同用途间的分配。由于资源（资本、劳力、土地）是有限的，而人们对这些资源的需求通常是无限的，因此社会需要寻找一种平衡，以实现资源在各个用途之间的分配。这种分配可以通过自由市场经济中的价格系统来实现，也可以通过国有经济或混合经济中政府的计划来实现。资源分配的目标是使得在有限资源的条件下，产出达到最大化。" ], [ "请解释一下自由市场经济中的价格系统是如何实现资源分配的？", @@ -249640,7 +249640,7 @@ "history": [ [ "红大麻哈鱼sockeye salmon亦称red salmon北太平洋食用鱼，学名为Oncorhynchus nerka。几乎占太平洋鲑鱼产量的20%。体重约3公斤，无明显斑点。分布自白令海北部到日本，及由阿拉斯加到加州。可迁移逾1,600公里，溯河入湖或支流产卵。幼鱼在淡水中栖留1～5年。科克尼红大麻哈鱼为小型、不迁移的淡水亚种。\n\n你好，我想请教你关于红大麻哈鱼的一些问题。", - "你好，Human！我会根据你提供的信息来回答你的问题。请问你想了解什么方面的信息呢？" + "我会根据你提供的信息来回答你的问题。请问你想了解什么方面的信息呢？" ], [ "首先，我想知道红大麻哈鱼的英文名是什么？", @@ -249843,7 +249843,7 @@ "history": [ [ "波特兰花瓶Portland Vase西元1世纪在深蓝色玻璃上饰以白色图案的罗马花瓶，是现存最精美的古罗马宝石玻璃制品。18世纪时属波特兰公爵所有，后被人多次仿制，尤其是在维多利亚时代。最为逼真的要数用碧玉石陶器制成、有白色浮雕的花瓶（1790年由维吉伍德制造）和1876年用玻璃制成的仿制品。1845年大英博物馆进行重建（当时存放在那里）时，原始花瓶被打碎，不得不费心修复。\n\n请问波特兰花瓶是什么时候制作的？", - "你好，Human！波特兰花瓶是西元1世纪制作的。它是一件罗马花瓶，用深蓝色玻璃制成，并饰以白色图案。这件花瓶被认为是现存最精美的古罗马宝石玻璃制品。" + "波特兰花瓶是西元1世纪制作的。它是一件罗马花瓶，用深蓝色玻璃制成，并饰以白色图案。这件花瓶被认为是现存最精美的古罗马宝石玻璃制品。" ], [ "它的款式和制作工艺有什么特点？", @@ -250244,7 +250244,7 @@ "history": [ [ "青少年期adolescence青春期（puberty）与成人期（adulthood）之间的过渡时期（约十二～二十岁）。特征是生理方面的改变、性情绪的发展、努力寻求认同、思考模式从具体进展到抽象。有时视青少年期为一种过渡时期状态，在这期间他们开始脱离父母独立，但仍欠缺一种明确的社会角色定位。一般被视为是一段情绪高涨和充满压力的时期。\n\n我想了解一下青少年期的一些特点，特别是关于生理方面的改变和性情绪的发展。", - "你好，Human。青少年期是通常在12~20岁之间的一段过渡时期，连接着青春期和成人期。在青少年期，有两个显著的特点，一个是生理方面的改变，另一个是性情绪的发展。\n\n生理方面的重要改变主要是青春发育，包括生殖器官的成熟、第二性征如毛发的生长、声音的变化等。这些生理变化导致青少年开始有了生育能力。生长激素和性激素在这个阶段起到关键作用，影响不同个体的生长速度和发育顺序。\n\n性情绪的发展包括青少年对恋爱、亲密关系以及性行为的认知和情感体验。随着对生育能力的认识，产生了对异性或同性的好奇心、关注和追求。性情绪的发展有赖于家庭、学校、同龄伙伴等社会环境的影响以及个人心理发展的因素。" + "青少年期是通常在12~20岁之间的一段过渡时期，连接着青春期和成人期。在青少年期，有两个显著的特点，一个是生理方面的改变，另一个是性情绪的发展。\n\n生理方面的重要改变主要是青春发育，包括生殖器官的成熟、第二性征如毛发的生长、声音的变化等。这些生理变化导致青少年开始有了生育能力。生长激素和性激素在这个阶段起到关键作用，影响不同个体的生长速度和发育顺序。\n\n性情绪的发展包括青少年对恋爱、亲密关系以及性行为的认知和情感体验。随着对生育能力的认识，产生了对异性或同性的好奇心、关注和追求。性情绪的发展有赖于家庭、学校、同龄伙伴等社会环境的影响以及个人心理发展的因素。" ], [ "谢谢你的详细解答。那我想请教一下，青少年期如何努力寻求认同，以及思考模式如何从具体进展到抽象呢？", @@ -250301,7 +250301,7 @@ "history": [ [ "台维斯杯Davis Cup颁发给一年一度国际草地网球比赛优胜者的奖杯，这项比赛原来由业余男队参加。这是1900年美国人戴维斯（Dwight F Davis）为美国队和英国队之间进行的一场比赛捐赠的。戴维斯本人以美国队成员参加了1900和1902年的最早两次比赛。现在已发展成为真正具有国际规模的赛事。每年约有一百多国参加，但美国、英国、澳大利亚、南非和其他的欧洲国家选手在比赛中一直占据优势。\n\n请问台维斯杯是什么比赛？", - "你好，Human！台维斯杯，即Davis Cup，是一个国际草地网球比赛，一年举办一次。它起源于1900年，由美国人戴维斯（Dwight F Davis）捐赠的奖杯，用于美国队和英国队之间的比赛。最初只有业余男子队伍参加。后来这个赛事逐渐发展，吸引了全球众多国家，成为了真正具有国际规模的赛事。" + "台维斯杯，即Davis Cup，是一个国际草地网球比赛，一年举办一次。它起源于1900年，由美国人戴维斯（Dwight F Davis）捐赠的奖杯，用于美国队和英国队之间的比赛。最初只有业余男子队伍参加。后来这个赛事逐渐发展，吸引了全球众多国家，成为了真正具有国际规模的赛事。" ], [ "谁是戴维斯杯历史上的优秀球员？", @@ -250809,7 +250809,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沙尔塔Salta阿根廷西北部城市。沙尔塔省省会。位于安地斯山莱尔马灌溉谷地，濒临萨拉多河的源头。1582年建立，当时名为莱尔马桑非力。在1813年的阿根廷独立战争中西班牙皇家军队在此被击败。现经济以农业、伐木业、畜牧业和采矿业为主。为旅游中心，附近有温泉。作为对印加人和其他前哥伦布时期印第安人文化进行考古研究的中心，沙尔塔的重要性不断得到提升。人口：都会区371,000（1991）。\n\n请问沙尔塔是哪个国家的城市？", - "你好，Human。沙尔塔是阿根廷的一个城市，位于该国的西北部。这个城市是沙尔塔省的省会，具有丰富的历史和多样的经济产业，吸引了很多旅游者前来游览。" + "沙尔塔是阿根廷的一个城市，位于该国的西北部。这个城市是沙尔塔省的省会，具有丰富的历史和多样的经济产业，吸引了很多旅游者前来游览。" ], [ "沙尔塔的历史可以追溯到多久以前呢？", @@ -250908,7 +250908,7 @@ "history": [ [ "桑纳托斯Thanatos古希腊的死亡化身。夜女神尼克斯的儿子，睡神许普诺斯的兄弟。在命运女神所定的时间已尽之时现身，将人带往冥界。桑纳托斯曾被赫拉克勒斯击败，为了拯救阿尔克提斯的生命而打斗，还受到薛西弗斯蒙骗，使其得到第二次生命。\n\n你好，请问桑纳托斯是谁？", - "你好，Human！桑纳托斯（Thanatos）是古希腊神话中的死亡化身。他是夜女神尼克斯的儿子，睡神许普诺斯的兄弟。当命运女神所确定的时间到了，桑纳托斯会出现并将人带往冥界。" + "桑纳托斯（Thanatos）是古希腊神话中的死亡化身。他是夜女神尼克斯的儿子，睡神许普诺斯的兄弟。当命运女神所确定的时间到了，桑纳托斯会出现并将人带往冥界。" ], [ "那他和赫拉克勒斯有什么关系呢？", @@ -251527,7 +251527,7 @@ "history": [ [ "李plum蔷薇科李属各种乔木和其可食果实的统称。在美国与欧洲，李为分布最广的核果，本地和栽培的品种数量最多，能适应的土壤和气候条件范围也最广。李的大小、味道、颜色和质地差异很大。广泛用于鲜食、烹煮或烘烤酥皮糕点之用。花朵盛开时，李树被艳丽的团团花簇所覆盖。果实表皮光滑，外部肉质、多汁，内部则形成坚硬的核。可经干燥或已干燥而不引起发酵的李品种称作prune。\n\n请问李子是什么科属的植物呢？", - "你好，Human！李子是蔷薇科李属的植物。蔷薇科是一个包括许多果树和植物的大家族，而李属则是这个家族中的一个成员。这些植物可以长成不同类型的乔木，产生各种种类的可食李子果实。" + "李子是蔷薇科李属的植物。蔷薇科是一个包括许多果树和植物的大家族，而李属则是这个家族中的一个成员。这些植物可以长成不同类型的乔木，产生各种种类的可食李子果实。" ], [ "在全球范围内，李子的分布如何呢？", @@ -251889,7 +251889,7 @@ "history": [ [ "魟ray鳐目300～350种主要为海生的软骨鱼，遍布全世界，并分类为电鳐、锯鳐、鳐和刺魟。许多种类栖于海底，游动缓慢。鳃孔和口位于扁平的身体下侧。翼状的胸鳍沿头的两侧延伸生长。除电鳐外，所有种类皆尾部细长，上面通常有锯齿缘的毒刺和粗糙有棘的表皮。亦请参阅devil ray。\n\n根据这段信息，请问鳐目这类软骨鱼主要分布在哪些地方？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，鳐目类鱼主要是海生的软骨鱼，它们遍布全世界。这意味着在全球各地的海洋里都有它们的存在，而不仅仅局限于某个特定的区域。当然，具体到不同的种类，它们可能会栖息在不同的深度和地区。" + "根据提供的信息，鳐目类鱼主要是海生的软骨鱼，它们遍布全世界。这意味着在全球各地的海洋里都有它们的存在，而不仅仅局限于某个特定的区域。当然，具体到不同的种类，它们可能会栖息在不同的深度和地区。" ], [ "鳐目类鱼当中有哪些具有特殊功能的？", @@ -251931,7 +251931,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黎巴嫩山脉Lebanon Mountains阿拉伯语作Jabal Lubnan古称Libanus黎巴嫩的山脉。与地中海海岸平行延伸，长约160公里。北段是山脉的最高部分，包括最高峰索达山，海拔8,088公尺。西侧保留着黎巴嫩雪松残存林。阿拉伯语laban的意思是白色，因山顶终年积雪，白雪皑皑，古代即因此得名。\n\n请问黎巴嫩山脉的地理位置是怎样的？", - "你好，Human！黎巴嫩山脉位于黎巴嫩国境内，与地中海海岸平行延伸，全长约160公里。它是黎巴嫩的主要山脉，自北向南贯穿全国。这里的山脉自北段向南延伸，北段是山脉的最高部分。" + "黎巴嫩山脉位于黎巴嫩国境内，与地中海海岸平行延伸，全长约160公里。它是黎巴嫩的主要山脉，自北向南贯穿全国。这里的山脉自北段向南延伸，北段是山脉的最高部分。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！黎巴嫩山脉的最高峰是哪座山呢？", @@ -252057,7 +252057,7 @@ "history": [ [ "格劳秀斯1583～1645年Grotius, Hugo原名Huigh de Groot荷兰法学家、人文主义者和诗人。出生于代尔夫特。十一岁时进入莱顿大学。青少年时随奥尔登巴内费尔特出使法国。他留在当地学习法律，并出版了一部政治书（1598）。后担任荷兰的史官，记述荷兰反西班牙的斗争。格劳秀斯逐渐卷入政治，他撰写保卫荷兰在荷属东印度公司的贸易权利，主张一切国家都拥有自由出入公海底权利。1607年任荷兰省检察长。1608年因资助奥尔登巴内费尔特被莫里斯亲王逮捕监禁。1621年越狱逃到巴黎（藏在书箱中）。十年后他返回荷兰，在国际上享有极高的威望。他的法学着作提出国家是由自然法所约束的理念。他的巨着《战争与和平法》，对战争处理的规定条例，是对现代国际法的最早的伟大贡献。他也出版了许多古典学术的翻译和着作。\n\n你好，我想了解一下格劳秀斯在国际法上的影响和贡献，以及他在荷兰国内的成就。", - "你好，Human！格劳秀斯是一位荷兰法学家、人文主义者和诗人，他在国际法上的主要贡献是他的巨著《战争与和平法》。这部作品规定了战争处理的条例，被认为是现代国际法的最早的伟大贡献。另外，他主张一切国家都拥有自由出入公海的权利，这个观点对海洋法产生了重要影响。此外，在荷兰国内，他曾担任荷兰的史官，记述荷兰反西班牙的斗争。他还在1607年任荷兰省检察长，参与政治活动。" + "格劳秀斯是一位荷兰法学家、人文主义者和诗人，他在国际法上的主要贡献是他的巨著《战争与和平法》。这部作品规定了战争处理的条例，被认为是现代国际法的最早的伟大贡献。另外，他主张一切国家都拥有自由出入公海的权利，这个观点对海洋法产生了重要影响。此外，在荷兰国内，他曾担任荷兰的史官，记述荷兰反西班牙的斗争。他还在1607年任荷兰省检察长，参与政治活动。" ], [ "抱歉，我想请教一下，格劳秀斯为什么会被奥尔登巴内费尔特资助呢？", @@ -252133,7 +252133,7 @@ "history": [ [ "细胞质cytoplasm细胞内核膜以外的原生质部分。在真核细胞（参阅eucaryote）中，细胞质包括除细胞核以外的所有细胞器。这些细胞器有粒线体、叶绿体、内质网、戈尔吉氏器（包装和运输某些大分子）、溶体和过氧化体，此外还有细胞骨架及胞质液（围绕各种细胞器周围的液体）。\n\n你好，请问所谓的细胞质是什么？", - "你好，Human！细胞质指的是细胞内核膜以外的原生质部分。在真核细胞中，细胞质包括除细胞核以外的所有细胞器。它可以视为细胞中的“填充物”，围绕在细胞核和细胞膜之间。此外，细胞质还包括细胞骨架和胞质液，后者围绕着各种细胞器。" + "细胞质指的是细胞内核膜以外的原生质部分。在真核细胞中，细胞质包括除细胞核以外的所有细胞器。它可以视为细胞中的“填充物”，围绕在细胞核和细胞膜之间。此外，细胞质还包括细胞骨架和胞质液，后者围绕着各种细胞器。" ], [ "那么，真核细胞与细胞质有什么关系？", @@ -252240,7 +252240,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯图亚特风格Stuart style英国斯图亚特王室统治期间（1603～1714年，克伦威尔护国时期除外）产生的视觉艺术。虽然该时期包含了好几个特殊的风格运动，但这一时期欧洲大陆的艺术家们仍寻求当代运动的灵感（主要是巴洛克风格），尤其是在义大利、法兰德斯和法国。斯图亚特风格的大师包括建筑师琼斯（I Jones）和列恩（C Wren）。亦请参阅Jacobean age、Queen Anne style。\n\n你好，请问斯图亚特风格的视觉艺术产生于哪个时期？", - "你好，Human！斯图亚特风格的视觉艺术产生于英国斯图亚特王室统治期间，时间跨度是从1603年到1714年，但要排除克伦威尔护国时期。这段时期内包含了几个特殊的风格运动，与欧洲大陆的艺术家们所追求的当代运动有很多相似之处。" + "斯图亚特风格的视觉艺术产生于英国斯图亚特王室统治期间，时间跨度是从1603年到1714年，但要排除克伦威尔护国时期。这段时期内包含了几个特殊的风格运动，与欧洲大陆的艺术家们所追求的当代运动有很多相似之处。" ], [ "那么在这个时期里，欧洲大陆的艺术家们受到了哪些风格的影响？", @@ -252480,7 +252480,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡奇沼泽地Kachchh, Rann of亦作Rann of Kutch印度中西部、巴基斯坦南部盐碱泥滩地。卡奇大沼泽面积约18,000平方公里几乎全部在印度古吉拉特邦境内。东段的卡奇小沼泽地在古吉拉特邦内，面积约5,100平方公里。原为阿拉伯海的一部，数世纪以来的淤塞，终于与海分离。1965年印巴两国因大沼泽西部边界的争执结束，国际法庭将边境地区约10%划归巴基斯坦，约90%划归印度。\n\n请问卡奇沼泽地位于哪些国家？", - "你好，Human！卡奇沼泽地位于印度的中西部地区以及巴基斯坦的南部地区。这片盐碱泥滩地主要包括卡奇大沼泽和卡奇小沼泽两部分。其中，卡奇大沼泽几乎全部位于印度古吉拉特邦境内，卡奇小沼泽地则完全在古吉拉特邦内。" + "卡奇沼泽地位于印度的中西部地区以及巴基斯坦的南部地区。这片盐碱泥滩地主要包括卡奇大沼泽和卡奇小沼泽两部分。其中，卡奇大沼泽几乎全部位于印度古吉拉特邦境内，卡奇小沼泽地则完全在古吉拉特邦内。" ], [ "那么这个沼泽地的形成原因是什么呢？", @@ -252602,7 +252602,7 @@ "history": [ [ "公克gram质量或重量单位，通常使用于公分－公克－秒（CGS）制的测量系统内。1公克等于0001公斤，约0035盎斯或1543喱。1公克极近于体积1cc纯水于密度最大时之质量。1公克力则等于1公克之质量在标准重力下之重量。为求更准确的量度，测量质量时须在重力加速度为980655公分／秒2之地点进行。亦请参阅gravitation、metric system。\n\n请问公克（gram）是什么单位？它用于哪个测量系统？", - "你好，Human！公克（gram）是一种质量或重量单位，它通常用于公分-公克-秒（CGS）制的测量系统。需要注意的是，公克与公斤（kilogram）不同，1公克等于0.001公斤。现在明白公克是什么单位，以及它的应用场景了吗？" + "公克（gram）是一种质量或重量单位，它通常用于公分-公克-秒（CGS）制的测量系统。需要注意的是，公克与公斤（kilogram）不同，1公克等于0.001公斤。现在明白公克是什么单位，以及它的应用场景了吗？" ], [ "明白了，谢谢解释。那么1公克与其他单位如盎斯和喱的换算关系是什么呢？", @@ -252950,7 +252950,7 @@ "history": [ [ "皮科洛米尼-皮里1599～1656年Piccolomini(-Pieri), Ottavio义大利将军。1616年进入哈布斯堡王朝的军队，后任华伦斯坦的卫队长。尽管得到提升，他转向反对自己的上级，并参与密谋暗杀华伦斯坦（1634）。后来他参加西班牙军队，在尼德兰对法军作战，1639年赢得蒂永维尔战役，被封为阿马尔菲公爵。1648年国王斐迪南三世任命他为总司令，指挥三十年战争的最后一场战役。他在纽伦堡大会上代表奥地利（1649），该会议协商「西伐利亚和约」没有解决的问题。\n\n请问你能告诉我皮科洛米尼-皮里是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！皮科洛米尼-皮里（Ottavio Piccolomini-Pieri）是一位义大利将军，活动于1599～1656年。他在1616年加入了哈布斯堡王朝的军队，并曾任华伦斯坦的卫队长。后来他参与了暗杀华伦斯坦的密谋，随后加入了西班牙军队，在尼德兰对法军作战。他在1639年赢得了蒂永维尔战役，被封为阿马尔菲公爵。1648年，国王斐迪南三世任命他为总司令，指挥三十年战争的最后一场战役。他还曾在纽伦堡大会上代表奥地利，协商西伐利亚和约未解决的问题。" + "皮科洛米尼-皮里（Ottavio Piccolomini-Pieri）是一位义大利将军，活动于1599～1656年。他在1616年加入了哈布斯堡王朝的军队，并曾任华伦斯坦的卫队长。后来他参与了暗杀华伦斯坦的密谋，随后加入了西班牙军队，在尼德兰对法军作战。他在1639年赢得了蒂永维尔战役，被封为阿马尔菲公爵。1648年，国王斐迪南三世任命他为总司令，指挥三十年战争的最后一场战役。他还曾在纽伦堡大会上代表奥地利，协商西伐利亚和约未解决的问题。" ], [ "请问皮科洛米尼为什么会背叛并试图暗杀华伦斯坦？", @@ -253068,7 +253068,7 @@ "history": [ [ "Pentium（奔腾）Pentium英特尔公司发展的微处理器家族。1993年推出，接替英特尔80486微处理器，Pentium在单一晶片内有两个处理器，大约330万个电晶体。采用CISC（复杂指令及电脑）架构，主要特点是32位元的位址汇流排，64位元的资料汇流排，内建浮点与记忆体管理单元，2个8KB（千位元组）快取记忆体。处理器速率在60 MHZ（百万赫兹）至200 MHz之间。Pentium快速成为个人电脑处理器的上选。后来由速度更快功能更强大的处理器取代：Pentium Pro（1995）、Pentium II（1997）、Pentium III（1999）以及Pentium 4（2000）。\n\n你好，请问Pentium是哪家公司推出的微处理器系列？", - "你好，Human。Pentium是英特尔（Intel）公司推出的一系列微处理器。它是在1993年首次推出的，作为英特尔80486微处理器的后继产品。" + "Pentium是英特尔（Intel）公司推出的一系列微处理器。它是在1993年首次推出的，作为英特尔80486微处理器的后继产品。" ], [ "Pentium处理器相较于80486有哪些主要特点呢？", @@ -253186,7 +253186,7 @@ "history": [ [ "里耳Lille法国北部城市，位于德勒河畔。11世纪时筑堡设防，中世纪时数度转手。1667年路易十四世包围并占领该城。1708年被马博罗公爵夺取，1713年割让给法国。在两次世界大战中都被德国占领。里耳与图尔宽和鲁贝一起构成了法国最大的城市联合体。它是法国的传统纺织中心。其他的工业还有机械制造和化工厂。它的博物馆收集了丰富的艺术品。人口178,000（1990）。\n\n我想了解一下法国北部的里耳市，你能帮我介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！根据您提供的信息，里耳是法国北部的一个城市，位于德勒河畔。这座城市在11世纪时筑堡设防，中世纪时期曾数度易主。1667年路易十四世成功包围并占领了里耳。1708年里耳曾被马博罗公爵夺取，但在1713年又重新回归法国。在两次世界大战期间，里耳都遭受了德国占领。里耳与图尔宽和鲁贝共同组成了法国最大的城市联合体。作为法国的传统纺织中心，里耳还有机械制造和化工厂等其他工业。里耳的博物馆收藏了丰富的艺术品。1990年时，这座城市的人口为178,000。" + "根据您提供的信息，里耳是法国北部的一个城市，位于德勒河畔。这座城市在11世纪时筑堡设防，中世纪时期曾数度易主。1667年路易十四世成功包围并占领了里耳。1708年里耳曾被马博罗公爵夺取，但在1713年又重新回归法国。在两次世界大战期间，里耳都遭受了德国占领。里耳与图尔宽和鲁贝共同组成了法国最大的城市联合体。作为法国的传统纺织中心，里耳还有机械制造和化工厂等其他工业。里耳的博物馆收藏了丰富的艺术品。1990年时，这座城市的人口为178,000。" ], [ "那里耳现在的人口是多少呢？", @@ -253368,7 +253368,7 @@ "history": [ [ "扁头人Flathead操萨利什语的印第安部落，原住在现美国蒙大拿州西部地区。萨利什原始部落名称，扁头则是一种习俗；他们自己并没有实行扁头，而是他们的奴隶中有些是来自实施扁头的部落。扁头人是所谓高原文化区最东部的部落，但具有很多落矶山东部大平原印第安人的特征。曾得到大量马匹，每年骑马远征平原，猎捕野牛，常为此与平原诸部落发生战争。平原圆锥形帐篷是平常住所。西扁头人使用独木舟，但东扁头人仅仅使用临时的野牛皮制的牛船，这是平原印第安人的特色。扁头人信仰保护精灵，也有巫医。1872年主要聚居在蒙大拿州弗拉塞德湖畔的居留地。\n\n我想了解一下扁头人的历史背景和他们的生活习惯。他们原本居住在哪里？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，扁头人是一个操萨利什语的印第安部落，他们原住在现美国蒙大拿州西部地区。扁头人是所谓高原文化区最东部的部落，但具有很多落矶山东部大平原印第安人的特征。" + "根据提供的信息，扁头人是一个操萨利什语的印第安部落，他们原住在现美国蒙大拿州西部地区。扁头人是所谓高原文化区最东部的部落，但具有很多落矶山东部大平原印第安人的特征。" ], [ "扁头人是如何得名的？他们是否有特定的习俗？", @@ -254359,7 +254359,7 @@ "history": [ [ "珍珠pearl软体动物生成的结核，构成物质与软体动物的壳相同（称为珍珠质或珠母质）。长期以来珍珠一直是一种极有价值的宝石，以其特有的半透明性和光泽以及表面柔和的色彩而倍受珍爱。珍珠形状越完好、色泽越深，也就越有价值。珍珠的颜色由于母体及其环境的不同而异。16～17世纪的珠宝商经常使用形状不规则的产自多肉组织的「巴洛克」珍珠以组成动物或其他形象的身体。在欧洲和中国，珠母经常用作装饰家具的镶嵌材料。据说，将外物植入贝壳中以养殖珍珠起源于13世纪的中国。\n\n我最近对珍珠产生了浓厚的兴趣，根据我所了解，它是一种非常有价值的宝石，能告诉我珍珠的价值来源于哪些方面吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。珍珠的价值主要来源于几个方面：1. 珍珠的形状，形状越完好、规整，越有价值；2测色泽，珍珠的色泽越深、光泽好，越有价值；另外，珍珠的产地以及品种也会影响它的价值。这些方面共同决定了珍珠的价值。你可以根据这些特点去评判珍珠的质量，从而找到一颗满足自己要求的珍珠。" + "当然可以。珍珠的价值主要来源于几个方面：1. 珍珠的形状，形状越完好、规整，越有价值；2测色泽，珍珠的色泽越深、光泽好，越有价值；另外，珍珠的产地以及品种也会影响它的价值。这些方面共同决定了珍珠的价值。你可以根据这些特点去评判珍珠的质量，从而找到一颗满足自己要求的珍珠。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答！关于珍珠的颜色，是如何受到环境和母体的影响的呢？", @@ -255121,7 +255121,7 @@ "history": [ [ "琴酒；杜松子酒gin香料型蒸馏酒，无色。一般用粮食醪蒸馏的酒为酒基，以杜松子和其他香料（如茴芹和葛缕子）调味。最早是由17世纪荷兰莱顿大学医学院教授西尔维乌斯发明的。以两种形式销售︰大麦芽发酵及醇厚的荷兰式（酒精含量约35%）；干、纯式的英美琴酒（酒精浓度约40～47%）。这种干式琴酒添加的香料比荷兰式更多，可单独饮用或做成鸡尾酒。荷兰琴酒通常是单独或搀水饮用。\n\n我想了解一下琴酒是怎么制作的？", - "你好，Human！琴酒是一种杜松子酒，它是通过蒸馏粮食醪制成的酒基，然后添加杜松子和其他香料（如茴芹和葛缕子）来调味。最早是由17世纪荷兰莱顿大学医学院教授西尔维乌斯发明的。根据添加的香料和酒精浓度的不同，琴酒分为荷兰式和干纯式两种。荷兰式琴酒醇厚，酒精含量约为35%，而干纯式琴酒更干燥、纯净，酒精浓度约为40%～47%，它添加的香料比荷兰式更多。这样的制作过程使得琴酒具有独特的口感和香气。" + "琴酒是一种杜松子酒，它是通过蒸馏粮食醪制成的酒基，然后添加杜松子和其他香料（如茴芹和葛缕子）来调味。最早是由17世纪荷兰莱顿大学医学院教授西尔维乌斯发明的。根据添加的香料和酒精浓度的不同，琴酒分为荷兰式和干纯式两种。荷兰式琴酒醇厚，酒精含量约为35%，而干纯式琴酒更干燥、纯净，酒精浓度约为40%～47%，它添加的香料比荷兰式更多。这样的制作过程使得琴酒具有独特的口感和香气。" ], [ "能推荐一款适合我品尝的琴酒么？", @@ -255569,7 +255569,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瓦克尔杯Walker Cup高尔夫球赛奖杯，奖给美国和不列颠群岛之间男子业余比赛中获胜的球队。1922年起隔年举行，地点交替在英美两国。美国高尔夫球协会主席乔治瓦克尔是这项比赛的主要组织者，故名。瓦克尔杯分两天进行，每天举行四场18洞双打和八场18洞单打，每场获胜者记1分。\n\n请问瓦克尔杯是什么比赛？", - "你好，Human！瓦克尔杯（Walker Cup）是一场高尔夫球赛，这个比赛是在美国和不列颠群岛之间的男子业余选手中进行的。比赛始于1922年，并且按照隔年的方式举行。比赛地点在英美两国之间交替更换。这个赛事以美国高尔夫球协会主席乔治瓦克尔的名字命名，他是这个比赛的主要组织者。" + "瓦克尔杯（Walker Cup）是一场高尔夫球赛，这个比赛是在美国和不列颠群岛之间的男子业余选手中进行的。比赛始于1922年，并且按照隔年的方式举行。比赛地点在英美两国之间交替更换。这个赛事以美国高尔夫球协会主席乔治瓦克尔的名字命名，他是这个比赛的主要组织者。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。那这个比赛是如何进行的呢？", @@ -255611,7 +255611,7 @@ "history": [ [ "水坝dam横亘于江河或海湾上的挡水建筑，旨在解决人类生活、生产用水的需要，并具有防洪、发电、改善航运条件等作用。文献记载中最早的水坝是西元前2900年埃及人在尼罗河上建造的一座高49尺（15公尺）的砌石坝。现代水坝多是用填土、填石块、砖石或混凝土建成。填土坝通常是横跨宽阔的河流来拦蓄水，如埃及的亚斯文高坝（Aswan High Dam），其侧面看起来是一个广底三角形。混凝土坝可分为几种形式：重力坝是靠本身重量抵挡水的水平推力。混凝土扶垛式水坝的迎水面大约倾斜25～45度，以使水的推力向坝基倾斜。扶坝较高，因此也较宽。用拱将各扶垛的突出部分作刚性连接就形成了多拱水坝。拱坝是面向水库建成的一种弯曲的薄壳结构，水的侧向压力被传到河的两岸。这种坝有极大的蓄水力，但只适宜建在有坚固岩石的良好地段上，如胡佛水坝（Hoover Dam）。\n\n我想了解一下关于水坝的基本知识，能简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好Human，根据提供的信息，水坝是一种横亘在江河或海湾上的挡水建筑，主要用于满足人类生活和生产用水的需求。此外，水坝还具有防洪、发电和改善航运条件等作用。历史上最早的水坝可以追溯到西元前2900年，位于尼罗河上的一座高49尺（15m）的砌石坝。现代水坝通常由填土、填石块、砖石或混凝土建成。希望这个简介能帮助你了解水坝的基本概念。" + "根据提供的信息，水坝是一种横亘在江河或海湾上的挡水建筑，主要用于满足人类生活和生产用水的需求。此外，水坝还具有防洪、发电和改善航运条件等作用。历史上最早的水坝可以追溯到西元前2900年，位于尼罗河上的一座高49尺（15m）的砌石坝。现代水坝通常由填土、填石块、砖石或混凝土建成。希望这个简介能帮助你了解水坝的基本概念。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍，那我想知道一下填土坝有什么特点？", @@ -255725,7 +255725,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伯比斯河Berbice River盖亚那东部河流。源出盖亚那高地，向北流经密林，最后注入大西洋。全长595公里。伯比斯河流域被其邻近较大的埃塞奎博河和科兰太因河所限制。其名取自一块荷兰的殖民地，1831年那里成为英属圭亚那（现在的盖亚那）的一部分。\n\n请问伯比斯河在哪个国家？", - "你好，Human！伯比斯河位于南美洲的盖亚那。它是盖亚那东部的一条河流，全长595公里，源于盖亚那高地，向北穿越密林，最后流入大西洋。" + "伯比斯河位于南美洲的盖亚那。它是盖亚那东部的一条河流，全长595公里，源于盖亚那高地，向北穿越密林，最后流入大西洋。" ], [ "伯比斯河的名字来源是什么？", @@ -255847,7 +255847,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伯伦瑞克Brunswick德语作Braunschweig德国中部旧公国。原是韦尔夫家族的公爵领地（伯伦瑞克-吕讷堡公国），该公国是1235年皇帝腓特烈二世所设，包括伯伦瑞克镇（9世纪末建立）附近地区。1692年汉诺威公国被列为选侯国，其统治者后来建立了英国的汉诺威王室。1871年公国成为德意志帝国的一部分，1919年以后成为德国一邦。第二次世界大战后，此区被并入下萨克森州。伯伦瑞克市（人口约252,544〔1996〕）现今是一个重要的工业中心。\n\n关于伯伦瑞克（Brunswick）有什么有趣的历史呢？", - "你好，Human！伯伦瑞克（Brunswick）位于德国中部，是一个历史悠久的地区。它原本是韦尔夫家族的公爵领地，也就是伯伦瑞克-吕讷堡公国。这个公国是在1235年由皇帝腓特烈二世设立的，包括了建立于9世纪末的伯伦瑞克镇及其周边地区。公爵领地的统治者后来建立了英国的汉诺威王室。在1871年，伯伦瑞克公国成为德意志帝国的一部分，而在1919年以后，它成为了德国的一个邦。第二次世界大战后，这个地区被并入下萨克森州。因此，伯伦瑞克地区的历史可以说是跨足了中世纪时期的德意志帝国，以及现今的德国联邦共和国。" + "伯伦瑞克（Brunswick）位于德国中部，是一个历史悠久的地区。它原本是韦尔夫家族的公爵领地，也就是伯伦瑞克-吕讷堡公国。这个公国是在1235年由皇帝腓特烈二世设立的，包括了建立于9世纪末的伯伦瑞克镇及其周边地区。公爵领地的统治者后来建立了英国的汉诺威王室。在1871年，伯伦瑞克公国成为德意志帝国的一部分，而在1919年以后，它成为了德国的一个邦。第二次世界大战后，这个地区被并入下萨克森州。因此，伯伦瑞克地区的历史可以说是跨足了中世纪时期的德意志帝国，以及现今的德国联邦共和国。" ], [ "哇，真有趣！那么伯伦瑞克现在是一个什么样的城市呢？", @@ -256204,7 +256204,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西部故事western以1850年代至19世纪末美国西部为背景的小说、电影、电视剧与广播剧体裁。这种创新的类型基本上是美国的产物，但阿根廷的高楚文学，甚至澳大利亚文化的某些表现形式都与它十分类似。白人开拓者和印第安人间及牧场主和农场主间的冲突是两个重要主题。牛仔、警长和执法者是主要人物，而不法之徒和枪战则是不可少的。欧文韦斯特的《维吉尼亚人》（1902）被认为是最早的西部小说；20世纪初期和中期是这类小说最受欢迎的时期，此后便逐渐没落。\n\n你好，请问西部故事的主要背景和类型是什么？", - "你好，Human！西部故事，又称为西部文学，主要以1850年代至19世纪末的美国西部为背景。它们包含小说、电影、电视剧和广播剧等多种形式。这种创新的类型基本上是美国的产物，但阿根廷的高楚文学和澳大利亚文化的某些表现形式也与之相似。其中，白人开拓者与印第安人间的冲突以及牧场主和农场主间的冲突是两个重要主题。主要人物通常包括牛仔、警长和执法者，而不法之徒和枪战也是常见的情节。" + "西部故事，又称为西部文学，主要以1850年代至19世纪末的美国西部为背景。它们包含小说、电影、电视剧和广播剧等多种形式。这种创新的类型基本上是美国的产物，但阿根廷的高楚文学和澳大利亚文化的某些表现形式也与之相似。其中，白人开拓者与印第安人间的冲突以及牧场主和农场主间的冲突是两个重要主题。主要人物通常包括牛仔、警长和执法者，而不法之徒和枪战也是常见的情节。" ], [ "最早的西部小说是什么时候出现的？", @@ -256657,7 +256657,7 @@ "history": [ [ "长篇小说novel一种虚构的散文叙述，有相当的长度及完整性，把想像出来的一群人物的前后相关事件穿接起来，表达人类的生活经验。这类作品有着广泛的种类和风格，有流浪汉小说、书信体小说、哥德式的、浪漫主义的、写实主义的以及历史小说等。虽然最早的小说出现在不同的地方，包括古典的罗马小说，但通常认为欧洲的小说开始于塞万提斯的《唐吉轲德》。通过狄福、理查生和费尔丁等人的作品，18世纪时小说在英国被确立为文学的一种形式。由于小说能提供日常生活的真实形象，因此一直受到欢迎。20世纪时，作家们追求捕捉经验中难以理解的一些本质的东西，扩展了常规小说的局限范围，这一过程或许在反小说中达到了顶峰。\n\n请根据上面的信息，告诉我长篇小说的定义是什么？", - "你好Human！长篇小说是一种虚构的散文叙述，具有相当的长度和完整性。它通过把一群想象出来的人物的前后相关事件串联起来，来表达人类的生活经验。这种文学形式包括许多种类和风格，如流浪汉小说、书信体小说、哥特式、浪漫主义、写实主义和历史小说等。" + "长篇小说是一种虚构的散文叙述，具有相当的长度和完整性。它通过把一群想象出来的人物的前后相关事件串联起来，来表达人类的生活经验。这种文学形式包括许多种类和风格，如流浪汉小说、书信体小说、哥特式、浪漫主义、写实主义和历史小说等。" ], [ "在欧洲，哪本小说被认为是小说的开端？", @@ -256824,7 +256824,7 @@ "history": [ [ "恶目evil eye根据古老的观念，有些人能以目光伤人。这种信念在古希腊和罗马以及全球民间文化中广泛流传，甚至持续到现代。儿童和动物特别容易受伤。据说这种伤人之力并非自主而发，但大多数人认为妒忌是其根源。因此根据迷信，本人或本人物品受到夸赞是不祥之事，保护方法有佩戴经文、护身符或符咒。亚洲儿童有时把脸涂黑，作为一种保护方法。\n\n请问恶目是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！恶目（Evil Eye）是一种古老的观念，认为某些人可以通过目光对他人造成伤害。这种信仰在古希腊、罗马以及全球民间文化中都有流传。大部分人认为妒忌是恶目的根源，而儿童和动物被认为更容易受到伤害。恶目并非故意去伤害别人。" + "恶目（Evil Eye）是一种古老的观念，认为某些人可以通过目光对他人造成伤害。这种信仰在古希腊、罗马以及全球民间文化中都有流传。大部分人认为妒忌是恶目的根源，而儿童和动物被认为更容易受到伤害。恶目并非故意去伤害别人。" ], [ "如何预防恶目造成的伤害呢？", @@ -257125,7 +257125,7 @@ "history": [ [ "聂斯托留派Nestorian基督教的一派，起源于5世纪时的小亚细亚与叙利亚，受到聂斯托留的观点所启发。该派强调基督的神人二性各自独立。在阿拉伯征服波斯后，聂斯托留派的学者在阿拉伯文化的形成中扮演着杰出的角色。聂斯托留派的教义也传至印度、中国、埃及和中亚一带，某些地方的民族甚至被完全同化。现代该派的代表是东方教会亦称波斯教会，西方通称之为亚述教会或聂斯托留教会。该派信徒约有170,000人，大多住在伊拉克、叙利亚和伊朗。\n\n请问聂斯托留派基督教是什么时候起源的？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，聂斯托留派基督教起源于5世纪的小亚细亚与叙利亚地区。这个派别受到了聂斯托留的观点启发，强调基督的神人二性各自独立。" + "根据你提供的信息，聂斯托留派基督教起源于5世纪的小亚细亚与叙利亚地区。这个派别受到了聂斯托留的观点启发，强调基督的神人二性各自独立。" ], [ "这个教派有什么特别的观点吗？", @@ -257236,7 +257236,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿普里马克河Apurímac River秘鲁南部河流，源出秘鲁的安地斯山脉，向西北流，与乌鲁班巴河（Urabamba River）汇合称乌卡亚利河（Ucayali River）。流程430哩（700公里），穿越狭峡谷，水势湍急，多瀑布急流。下流称为佩雷内河（Perené）及坦博河。\n\n请问阿普里马克河是哪个国家的河流？", - "你好，Human！阿普里马克河是秘鲁的一条河流。它位于秘鲁南部，源出于安地斯山脉，然后向西北流去。这条河流的地理位置使得它成为秘鲁的一个重要水系。" + "阿普里马克河是秘鲁的一条河流。它位于秘鲁南部，源出于安地斯山脉，然后向西北流去。这条河流的地理位置使得它成为秘鲁的一个重要水系。" ], [ "阿普里马克河最后汇入哪条河？", @@ -257495,7 +257495,7 @@ "history": [ [ "最优化optimization应用数学的一个领域，其中的原理和方法是用来解决各学科（诸如物理学、生物学、工程学、经济学）中的定量问题。各学科中对于追求函数最大化或最小化的问题都可以用相同的数学工具解决（参阅maximum、minimum）。典型的最优化问题中，其目标在找出决定系统（例如物理上制造过程、投资计画）行为的可控制因子的数值，该数值可达到产量最大化或资源耗费最小化。最简单的一类最优化问题涉及单一变数（输入变量）的函数（系统），可以用微分学的方法求得解答。线性规画是为了解决包括两个或多个输入变量的最优化问题而发展起来的。\n\n你好，请问什么是最优化？", - "你好，Human！最优化（Optimization）是应用数学的一个领域，它关注的是通过寻找最大值或最小值来解决各学科中的定量问题，如物理学、生物学、工程学和经济学等。最优化问题的核心目标是找出能决定系统行为的可控制因子的数值，使得某种输出指标达到最大化或资源消耗达到最小化。" + "最优化（Optimization）是应用数学的一个领域，它关注的是通过寻找最大值或最小值来解决各学科中的定量问题，如物理学、生物学、工程学和经济学等。最优化问题的核心目标是找出能决定系统行为的可控制因子的数值，使得某种输出指标达到最大化或资源消耗达到最小化。" ], [ "请简单介绍一下微分学在最优化中的应用。", @@ -257754,7 +257754,7 @@ "history": [ [ "格里菲思1938年～Griffith, Emile (Alphonse)美国职业拳击运动员。1958年开始其职业拳击生涯。三次获次中量级世界冠军（1961、1962、1963）；两次获中量级世界冠军（1966、1967），只有罗宾逊曾以六次冠军超越其记录。1977年以85－24－2的记录退休。\n\n你好，请告诉我Emile Griffith的生涯战绩和荣誉。", - "你好，Human！Emile Griffith是一位出生于1938年的美国职业拳击运动员。他的生涯战绩为85胜（其中24场KO胜）、2平、24负。在他的职业生涯中，他取得了很多荣誉，比如三次获得次中量级世界冠军（分别在1961年、1962年、1963年），以及两次获得中量级世界冠军（分别在1966年、1967年）。只有传奇拳击手罗宾逊曾以六次冠军超越其记录。1977年，Emile Griffith宣布退休。" + "Emile Griffith是一位出生于1938年的美国职业拳击运动员。他的生涯战绩为85胜（其中24场KO胜）、2平、24负。在他的职业生涯中，他取得了很多荣誉，比如三次获得次中量级世界冠军（分别在1961年、1962年、1963年），以及两次获得中量级世界冠军（分别在1966年、1967年）。只有传奇拳击手罗宾逊曾以六次冠军超越其记录。1977年，Emile Griffith宣布退休。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，那么Griffith和罗宾逊的关系如何？", @@ -258451,7 +258451,7 @@ "history": [ [ "比肖夫1916～1954年Bischof, Werner瑞士摄影记者。1932～1936年在瑞士苏黎世工艺学校（Zurich Art and Crafts）学习。1942年为画报《你》工作，拍摄法国、德国和荷兰被战争破坏的场面。1949年加入集体的摄影师机构玛农摄影社（Magnum Photos）。后在秘鲁工作时死于车祸意外。他的摄影作品收集出版在《日本》（1954）、《印加人对印第安人》（1956）和《沃纳比肖夫的世界》（1959）中。\n\n请告诉我谁是Werner Bischof？", - "你好，Human。Werner Bischof（比肖夫），1916年至1954年，是一位著名的瑞士摄影记者。他在1932年到1936年间在瑞士苏黎世工艺学校学习摄影。作为一位才华横溢的摄影师，他的作品见证了许多历史性时刻，并因其独特的视角与技巧而受到世界的赞誉。" + "Werner Bischof（比肖夫），1916年至1954年，是一位著名的瑞士摄影记者。他在1932年到1936年间在瑞士苏黎世工艺学校学习摄影。作为一位才华横溢的摄影师，他的作品见证了许多历史性时刻，并因其独特的视角与技巧而受到世界的赞誉。" ], [ "他是如何开始他的摄影生涯的？", @@ -258520,7 +258520,7 @@ "history": [ [ "政治学political science指用科学分析方法对政治进程进行系统的研究。其研究对象包括国家的性质、政府的职能、选举人行为、政党、政治文化、政治经济和政治观点。尽管它起源于柏拉图和亚里斯多德的着作，但它在现代社会的发展却是伴随着社会科学的创新得以进行的。圣西门和孔德在19世纪便发展出这门学科的科学性特征。政治学自由学院是第一所专做此方面研究的机构，于1871年在巴黎成立。\n\n请问政治学是什么？", - "你好，Human！政治学是对政治进程进行系统研究的一门学科。它使用科学分析方法研究国家的性质、政府的职能、选举人行为、政党、政治文化、政治经济和政治观点等方面的问题。政治学起源于柏拉图和亚里斯多德的着作，但在现代社会，它的发展伴随着社会科学的创新得以进行。" + "政治学是对政治进程进行系统研究的一门学科。它使用科学分析方法研究国家的性质、政府的职能、选举人行为、政党、政治文化、政治经济和政治观点等方面的问题。政治学起源于柏拉图和亚里斯多德的着作，但在现代社会，它的发展伴随着社会科学的创新得以进行。" ], [ "哪位学者为政治学的发展作出了突出贡献？", @@ -258729,7 +258729,7 @@ "history": [ [ "咆哮乐bebop亦称bop一种爵士乐，特征是复杂的和声，缠绕的旋律以及经常变换节奏重音。1940年代中期，一群音乐家如吉莱斯皮、瑟隆尼斯孟克和查理帕克（Charlie Parker），他们拒绝摇摆乐的常规，而要当自我觉醒的即兴爵士乐艺术扩展的先锋，树立速度与巧妙和声的新技术标准。1950年代从咆哮乐发展出两派：一种是精致、冷淡、叙述式的酷派爵士乐（cool jazz），另一种则是气势汹汹、带有蓝调朴实意味的硬式咆哮乐（hard bop）。\n\n请问咆哮乐是一种怎样的音乐风格？", - "你好，Human！咆哮乐（Bebop），又称Bop，是一种爵士乐风格。其特征包括复杂的和声、缠绕的旋律以及经常变换的节奏重音。它起源于1940年代中期，当时一批音乐家如吉莱斯皮、瑟隆尼斯孟克和查理帕克等人拒绝了摇摆乐的常规，并发展了这种速度与巧妙和声为标准的音乐风格。他们希望建立一种自我觉醒的即兴爵士艺术扩展的先锋。因此，咆哮乐凭借其独特特征代表了一种前卫而充满自主创新精神的音乐形式。" + "咆哮乐（Bebop），又称Bop，是一种爵士乐风格。其特征包括复杂的和声、缠绕的旋律以及经常变换的节奏重音。它起源于1940年代中期，当时一批音乐家如吉莱斯皮、瑟隆尼斯孟克和查理帕克等人拒绝了摇摆乐的常规，并发展了这种速度与巧妙和声为标准的音乐风格。他们希望建立一种自我觉醒的即兴爵士艺术扩展的先锋。因此，咆哮乐凭借其独特特征代表了一种前卫而充满自主创新精神的音乐形式。" ], [ "那么，在咆哮乐的发展过程中，又出现了哪些派别呢？", @@ -258947,7 +258947,7 @@ "history": [ [ "格律meter在诗歌中，指一诗行的节奏形式。人们设想出各种不同原则，把诗句组织成有节奏的单元。音量诗体，即古典希腊和拉丁诗歌的格律，在朗读音节时只管发音时间的长短，而不管他们是否重读。长、短音节的不同配合构成基本的格律单元。音节诗体最常见于重音不明显的语言，如法语和日语。它以一行诗中固定数量的音节为基础。重音诗体，出现在重音强烈的语言中，如日耳曼语。它只计诗行内重音或重读音节的数目。重音－音节诗体是英文诗的常见格式，它把音节演算法和重音演算法结合起来。英诗中最常见的格律，即抑扬格五音步格，就是有十个音节或五个抑扬格音步的诗句。每一抑扬格音步都是一个非重读音节后面跟一个重读音节。自由诗则没有遵循规则的韵律形式。亦请参阅prosody。\n\n请问格律是什么意思，它在诗歌中有什么作用？", - "你好，Human！格律（meter）在诗歌中指的是一诗行的节奏形式。它通过把诗句组织成有节奏的单元来增强诗歌在音韵、节奏和韵律方面的美感。在不同的诗歌格律中，人们使用不同的原则来构建诗句。它可以让诗歌在朗读时产生韵律感，使诗歌更具有传唱性和感染力。" + "格律（meter）在诗歌中指的是一诗行的节奏形式。它通过把诗句组织成有节奏的单元来增强诗歌在音韵、节奏和韵律方面的美感。在不同的诗歌格律中，人们使用不同的原则来构建诗句。它可以让诗歌在朗读时产生韵律感，使诗歌更具有传唱性和感染力。" ], [ "根据描述，音量诗体、音节诗体和重音诗体是例子，能具体地介绍一下它们吗？", @@ -258966,7 +258966,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尿分析urinalysis为获取临床资料而对尿样进行的实验检查。尿中有异常物质出现，以及尿颜色、比重和容量的变化都是疾病和损伤的明证。尿中可出现多种有机物和无机物，其中一些有很重要的临床意义，如糖尿病患者尿中，酮体和葡萄糖的含量明显增高；肌酸和氨基酸；尿酸（见于痛风）；尿素；矿物盐；脂肪（见于重症糖尿病和肾疾患）等。临床意义最大的包括儿茶酚胺、绒毛膜促性腺激素。尿蛋白存在表明肾功能有障碍。多种药物过量及中毒时，可在尿中测到。\n\n我最近了解了一下尿分析。你能告诉我尿分析主要用于检查哪些疾病吗？", - "你好，Human! 尿分析主要用于检测尿液中的异常物质、颜色、比重以及容量的变化，这些都是患有疾病和受到损伤的迹象。尿分析可以帮助诊断许多疾病，包括糖尿病、痛风、肾脏疾病以及某些代谢障碍。尿分析还可以用于检测药物过量和中毒情况。当然，尿检结果需结合患者具体病症及其他相关检查才能得出确诊。" + "尿分析主要用于检测尿液中的异常物质、颜色、比重以及容量的变化，这些都是患有疾病和受到损伤的迹象。尿分析可以帮助诊断许多疾病，包括糖尿病、痛风、肾脏疾病以及某些代谢障碍。尿分析还可以用于检测药物过量和中毒情况。当然，尿检结果需结合患者具体病症及其他相关检查才能得出确诊。" ], [ "哪些具体的指标可以用于诊断糖尿病？", @@ -259176,7 +259176,7 @@ "history": [ [ "传承smrti印度教经籍，根据人的记忆写成，与由神灵启示而写成的吠陀相区别。传承用以解释并综合归纳吠陀的教义，其权威性略逊于吠陀，但流传更为广泛。这一词汇已被用于特指属于法律和社会规范方面的书籍，包括劫波经、《往世书》、《薄伽梵歌》、《罗摩衍那》和《摩诃婆罗多》。\n\n你好! 我对印度教经籍很感兴趣，我想请教你一些知识。传承smrti，请问它的一些核心概念是什么？", - "你好，Human! 传承smrti是印度教经籍的一部分，它的主要作用是解释和综合吠陀的教义。虽然它的权威性略逊于吠陀，但它的流传更为广泛。传承smrti包括法律和社会规范方面的书籍，如劫波经、《往世书》、《薄伽梵歌》、《罗摩衍那》和《摩诃婆罗多》等。 关于核心概念，传承smrti主要涉及宗教、哲学、道德、法律和社会规范等方面的内容。" + "传承smrti是印度教经籍的一部分，它的主要作用是解释和综合吠陀的教义。虽然它的权威性略逊于吠陀，但它的流传更为广泛。传承smrti包括法律和社会规范方面的书籍，如劫波经、《往世书》、《薄伽梵歌》、《罗摩衍那》和《摩诃婆罗多》等。 关于核心概念，传承smrti主要涉及宗教、哲学、道德、法律和社会规范等方面的内容。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。能给我讲讲《薄伽梵歌》的内容吗？", @@ -259195,7 +259195,7 @@ "history": [ [ "室内乐chamber music由小型乐器合奏的音乐，无指挥。传统上是在一个室内和接待厅表演，通常视表演者的意愿而定，现今室内乐常在音乐厅表演。起源于16世纪的乐器表演团体，长久以来一直和贵族家庭有关。二重奏鸣曲（通常以小提琴和数字低音来伴奏）和三重奏鸣曲出现于17世纪初的义大利。弦乐四重奏起于1750年代，并一直是最有名的室内乐类型和组合。小夜曲、夜曲和嬉游曲是为不同乐器表现力所作的古典体裁，常出现于餐宴活动中。标准的室内乐组合包括弦乐三重奏（小、中、大提琴）、弦乐五重奏（两个小提琴、两个中提琴和一个大提琴）和钢琴三重奏（钢琴、小提琴、大提琴）。室内管弦乐团的演奏人数通常不到二十五人，而且用的是18世纪的音乐，通常还有一个指挥。\n\n请问室内乐的起源是什么？", - "你好，Human！室内乐（chamber music）起源于16世纪的乐器表演团体。它一直和贵族家庭有关，传统上是在一个室内环境和接待厅表演的。随着时间的发展，现今室内乐也常在音乐厅进行表演。" + "室内乐（chamber music）起源于16世纪的乐器表演团体。它一直和贵族家庭有关，传统上是在一个室内环境和接待厅表演的。随着时间的发展，现今室内乐也常在音乐厅进行表演。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。能请告诉我弦乐四重奏是什么？", @@ -259233,7 +259233,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尼查科河Nechako River加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚中部的河流。是弗雷泽河的主要支流，向东流约240公里。长415公里的支流斯图尔特河在弗雷泽堡和乔治王子城之间注入尼查科河，在那里的尼查科河与加拿大国家铁路平行。1952年尼查科河被肯尼水坝截断，拦出一个水库用以发电。\n\n请问尼查科河在哪个国家？", - "你好，Human！尼查科河位于加拿大，是不列颠哥伦比亚省中部的一条河流。" + "尼查科河位于加拿大，是不列颠哥伦比亚省中部的一条河流。" ], [ "哦，原来是加拿大。那这条河有多长？", @@ -259443,7 +259443,7 @@ "history": [ [ "离岸流rip current或作riptide狭窄的射线状水流，偶尔会以垂直于海岸的方向朝海洋流数分钟。离岸流这一名称用得并不恰当，因为这种水流和潮汐根本没有关系。离岸流在长的海岸线上形成，海岸上有同海岸线几乎平行的潮汐冲刷海岸。在浅海区，一般的海浪运动在每次冲刷时将临近的海水冲向海岸。在大浪来回之间，海水在海岸上沈积并由长海岸上间歇的浪潮带走。沈积的海水在几分钟内能从海水断裂处冲出，形成浪潮，对泳者比较危险。\n\n我想了解一下离岸流（rip current）的定义以及它是如何形成的。", - "你好，Human！离岸流（rip current）是一种狭窄的射线状水流，它偶尔会以垂直于海岸的方向向海洋流动数分钟。它们主要在长的海岸线上形成，其中有与海岸线几乎平行的潮汐冲刷海岸。在浅海区，一般的海浪运动会在每次冲刷时将临近的海水冲向海岸。在大浪来回之间，海水在海岸上沉积，并由长海岸上间歇的浪潮带走。这些沉积的海水在几分钟内能从海水断裂处冲出，形成离岸流，对泳者可能造成危险。" + "离岸流（rip current）是一种狭窄的射线状水流，它偶尔会以垂直于海岸的方向向海洋流动数分钟。它们主要在长的海岸线上形成，其中有与海岸线几乎平行的潮汐冲刷海岸。在浅海区，一般的海浪运动会在每次冲刷时将临近的海水冲向海岸。在大浪来回之间，海水在海岸上沉积，并由长海岸上间歇的浪潮带走。这些沉积的海水在几分钟内能从海水断裂处冲出，形成离岸流，对泳者可能造成危险。" ], [ "那么，为什么称之为“离岸流”呢？这个名称是否和潮汐有关？", @@ -259546,7 +259546,7 @@ "history": [ [ "加尔加诺岬Gargano Promontory古称Garganum义大利普利亚区伸入亚得里亚海的多山海岬。被称为义大利靴形半岛的「马刺」。长65公里，宽40公里，在卡尔沃山海拔高达1,065公尺。北部沿岸有柑橘和橄榄林及葡萄园，南部坡地以产红葡萄酒闻名。\n\n你好，请问加尔加诺岬是哪个国家的地理景观？", - "你好，Human！加尔加诺岬位于意大利普利亚区，是一个伸入亚得里亚海的多山海岬。因为它像意大利靴形半岛的“马刺”，所以有时也被称为“马刺”。这里的景观非常美丽，是意大利的一个重要旅游胜地。" + "加尔加诺岬位于意大利普利亚区，是一个伸入亚得里亚海的多山海岬。因为它像意大利靴形半岛的“马刺”，所以有时也被称为“马刺”。这里的景观非常美丽，是意大利的一个重要旅游胜地。" ], [ "请问加尔加诺岬的地理位置有什么特点？", @@ -259713,7 +259713,7 @@ "history": [ [ "磷phosphorus非金属化学元素，化学符号P，原子序数15。其普通的同素异形现象为「白磷」，是无色有毒、半透明和柔软的蜡状固体，在黑暗中可发光（磷光），暴置于空气中可自燃，形成白色浓烟状的氧化物；用于灭鼠剂和军用烟幕。热或日光将其转化为「红磷」，一种紫罗兰红色的粉末，不会发出磷光也不会自燃。红磷的反应性和溶解力不如白磷强，用来生产其他磷的化合物和半导体、化肥和安全火柴。将白磷在压力下加热产生「黑磷」，和石墨一样薄。磷在自然界中很少单独出现。磷酸盐和磷酸酯数量很多，分布广阔，在磷灰石、磷块岩和很多其他矿物中都存在。磷在化合物中的原子价为3或5，工业用途很多。磷化氢（PH3）是一种化学原料，也是固态电子化学物的掺杂剂。有机磷化学物用作可塑剂、汽油填加剂、杀虫剂（如巴拉松）和神经毒气。\n\n请问磷是什么？它有什么特点？", - "你好，Human！磷（Phosphorus）是一种非金属化学元素，化学符号为P，原子序数为15。磷有几种不同的同素异形体，分别是白磷、红磷和黑磷。白磷无色、半透明、柔软的蜡状固体，有毒。在黑暗中能发出磷光，暴露在空气中会自燃。红磷为紫罗兰红色的粉末，其反应性和溶解力相对于白磷较弱。黑磷类似于石墨，具有很薄的结构。磷在自然界很少单独出现，但在磷酸盐和磷酸酯等化合物中广泛存在。磷有着广泛的工业应用，如化肥、半导体和安全火柴等。" + "磷（Phosphorus）是一种非金属化学元素，化学符号为P，原子序数为15。磷有几种不同的同素异形体，分别是白磷、红磷和黑磷。白磷无色、半透明、柔软的蜡状固体，有毒。在黑暗中能发出磷光，暴露在空气中会自燃。红磷为紫罗兰红色的粉末，其反应性和溶解力相对于白磷较弱。黑磷类似于石墨，具有很薄的结构。磷在自然界很少单独出现，但在磷酸盐和磷酸酯等化合物中广泛存在。磷有着广泛的工业应用，如化肥、半导体和安全火柴等。" ], [ "白磷和红磷有什么不同？", @@ -259759,7 +259759,7 @@ "history": [ [ "长笛flute木管乐器。由气流引向笛的锋利边缘，在其上形成漩涡，有规律地交替在边缘的上下，使封闭在笛内的空气振动而发声。西方音乐特有的长笛是横笛，西元前2世纪的古希腊和伊楚利亚国就知道横笛。16世纪时欧洲的长笛全用黄杨木制造，有指孔但无键。17世纪晚期开始加上键。19世纪时长笛演奏者和发明家伯姆的新发明创造了现代的长笛，其优点是每个音均匀，整个音域的力度都能充分表现，技术的灵活性几乎不受限制。现代伯姆型装置的长笛（C调，音域为C-C'）有木制或金属制（银或代用品）的两种。长笛家族还包括了短笛、中音长笛、低音长笛等。亦请参阅shakuhachi。\n\n你好，请问长笛的发声原理是怎么样的？", - "你好，Human！长笛的发声原理主要是利用气流引向笛子的锋利边缘，在边缘上形成漩涡，有规律地交替在边缘的上下，这种气流变化导致封闭在笛内的空气产生振动，并最终发声。这就是长笛发声的基本原理。" + "长笛的发声原理主要是利用气流引向笛子的锋利边缘，在边缘上形成漩涡，有规律地交替在边缘的上下，这种气流变化导致封闭在笛内的空气产生振动，并最终发声。这就是长笛发声的基本原理。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释。长笛最早诞生于哪个地区，有多久的历史了？", @@ -259774,11 +259774,11 @@ { "instruction": "了解了，谢谢你的解答。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！如果你还有其他关于锡斯坦地区或其他问题，欢迎随时向我提问，我会竭诚帮助你。", + "output": "不客气！如果你还有其他关于锡斯坦地区或其他问题，欢迎随时向我提问，我会竭诚帮助你。", "history": [ [ "锡斯坦Sistan亦作Seistan伊朗东部和阿富汗西南部的边境区域。人烟稀少，大部分人口和40%的土地属伊朗。包含一个大沼泽地，是典型的沙漠气候。它是传说中着名的波斯卡亚尼王朝的发祥地，在波斯历史中占有重要的地位，尤其是在萨非王朝统治时期（1502～1736）。它在19世纪是波斯和阿富汗争端的中心，导致后来画定了现在的边界。\n\n请问锡斯坦（Sistan）地区位于哪个国家？", - "你好，Human！锡斯坦（Sistan）地区位于伊朗东部和阿富汗西南部的边境区域。大部分人口和40%的土地属于伊朗。" + "锡斯坦（Sistan）地区位于伊朗东部和阿富汗西南部的边境区域。大部分人口和40%的土地属于伊朗。" ], [ "锡斯坦地区的气候特点是什么？", @@ -260197,7 +260197,7 @@ "history": [ [ "循环circulation营养物质、呼吸气体和代谢产物在整个生物体内的转运过程。人类的血液在一个封闭的心血管系统（由心脏、血管和血液构成）中循环。心脏将富氧血泵向动脉，动脉不断分支，最后形成毛细血管网，分布在全身各种器官、组织中。各种营养物质和代谢产物之间的物质交换就是在毛细血管完成的。完成了物质交换的脱氧血从毛细血管汇入小静脉，然后再经由大静脉返回心脏。左、右心室分别把血液送入肺循环和体循环。第一种是，血液从心脏进入肺，它带走氧气，释出二氧化碳；第二种是，血液被带至心脏与身体其他部位之间，血液带来氧气、营养物质、代谢产物和废物。\n\n请问根据这段描述，循环是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！循环是指营养物质、呼吸气体和代谢产物在生物体内通过血液在一个封闭的心血管系统中不断转运的过程。这个系统由心脏、血管和血液构成。循环的主要作用是为身体的各个器官和组织提供氧气和营养物质，并带走体内产生的废物和二氧化碳。" + "循环是指营养物质、呼吸气体和代谢产物在生物体内通过血液在一个封闭的心血管系统中不断转运的过程。这个系统由心脏、血管和血液构成。循环的主要作用是为身体的各个器官和组织提供氧气和营养物质，并带走体内产生的废物和二氧化碳。" ], [ "谢谢解释！那么，毛细血管在循环系统中的作用是什么呢？", @@ -260498,7 +260498,7 @@ "history": [ [ "丹吉尔Tangier法语作Tanger阿拉伯语作Tanjah古称Tingis摩洛哥北部海港。位于直布罗陀海峡西端，古代为腓尼基人的贸易港，后来相继成为迦太基人和罗马人的定居点。罗马人统治五个世纪之后，先后被汪达尔、拜占庭和阿拉伯人占领。1471年落入葡萄牙人之手。后来转让给英国。1684年英国人放弃该地予摩洛哥。1912年摩洛哥其他地区成为法国的保护国，丹吉尔被赋予特殊的地位。1923年正式成为一个国际城市，由一个国际共管委员会管理。此后长期为国际共管地，直至1956年并入独立的摩洛哥王国。1960年代成为自由港和王室避暑地。这个古老城镇由一座王宫和大清真寺构成。为繁忙的港口和贸易中心，工业包括旅游、渔业和纺织，尤其是地毯。人口约522,000（1994）。\n\n请问丹吉尔是摩洛哥的哪个部分？", - "你好，Human！丹吉尔位于摩洛哥的北部，是一座沿海港口城市。它位于直布罗陀海峡西端，拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化。" + "丹吉尔位于摩洛哥的北部，是一座沿海港口城市。它位于直布罗陀海峡西端，拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化。" ], [ "哇，听起来很有趣！它的历史有什么特色？", @@ -260586,7 +260586,7 @@ "history": [ [ "凹圆线coving亦作cove建筑中墙面上的凹圆形线脚或深拱形切面，有时也指外墙顶部与挑出的檐底间形成的弧面下端。典型的为四分之一凹圆，常用在室内墙面与天花板的交接处。有时为了戏剧效果，会将灯座隐藏于拱形切面内。在洛可可式建筑中，由于这种凹圆线的角度正对着观者的视线，所以常做得很宽，满施装饰。\n\n你好，我想了解一下凹圆线coving在建筑中的定义和作用。", - "你好，Human！凹圆线coving，也叫cove，是建筑中墙面上的凹圆形线脚或深拱形切面。它通常位于室内墙面与天花板的交接处，典型的coving呈四分之一凹圆形。coving的作用主要是装饰，并为灯具提供隐藏的安装位置，使室内的灯光效果更自然。在洛可可式建筑中，coving的角度正对观者视线，因此通常做得很宽，满施装饰。" + "凹圆线coving，也叫cove，是建筑中墙面上的凹圆形线脚或深拱形切面。它通常位于室内墙面与天花板的交接处，典型的coving呈四分之一凹圆形。coving的作用主要是装饰，并为灯具提供隐藏的安装位置，使室内的灯光效果更自然。在洛可可式建筑中，coving的角度正对观者视线，因此通常做得很宽，满施装饰。" ], [ "coving通常是由什么材料制成的？有什么特点？", @@ -260647,7 +260647,7 @@ "history": [ [ "隅石quoin在建筑中，房屋的外角上所用的石块。由于在接缝、色彩、质地或大小上都和墙体本身不同。这种隅石既有结构作用又起装饰作用。大都数的隅石都用不同长度的石块有规则地长短交替砌筑。古罗马曾使用此类砌筑方式。\n\n请问隅石quoin是什么？", - "你好，Human！隅石（quoin）是一种建筑元素，通常用于房屋的外角处。它是一种石块构件，其接缝、色彩、质地或大小与墙体本身有所不同。隅石除了具有结构作用外，还起到装饰作用。这种材料的砌筑方式大多是用不同长度的石块有规律地长短交替摆放。古罗马时期就已经使用过这种砌筑方式。" + "隅石（quoin）是一种建筑元素，通常用于房屋的外角处。它是一种石块构件，其接缝、色彩、质地或大小与墙体本身有所不同。隅石除了具有结构作用外，还起到装饰作用。这种材料的砌筑方式大多是用不同长度的石块有规律地长短交替摆放。古罗马时期就已经使用过这种砌筑方式。" ], [ "隅石在建筑中有什么特殊的作用吗？", @@ -260693,7 +260693,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡尼1794～1848年Kearny, Stephen Watts美国军官。曾参与1812年战争，后来在西部执行边防任务。墨西哥战争开始时，命令他去夺取新墨西哥和加利福尼亚。他使用外交手段说服墨西哥军队撤退，顺利开进圣大非，1846年他宣布在该省成立文官政府。他去加利福尼亚，但那里已经被斯多克东和弗里蒙特征服。1847年他们联合起来击败了墨西哥人的叛乱。虽然开始遭到弗里蒙特的反对，但后来还是建立了一个稳定的政府。后来卡尼受命去墨西哥，死于黄热病。\n\n嗨，请告诉我一下卡尼1794～1848年期间的主要经历。", - "你好，Human！根据您提供的信息，在1794至1848年间，Stephen Watts Kearny（卡尼）是一位美国军官。他参与了1812年战争，后来执行西部边防任务。墨西哥战争开始时，他被命令去夺取新墨西哥和加利福尼亚。他通过外交手段说服墨西哥军队撤退，并顺利进入圣大非。在那儿，他于1846年宣布成立文官政府。随后，他前往加利福尼亚，但发现那里已被斯多克东和弗里蒙特征服。在1847年，卡尼与他们联手，击败了墨西哥人的叛乱。尽管最初受到弗里蒙特的反对，卡尼还是建立了一个稳定的政府。最后，他受命前往墨西哥，但却因黄热病去世。" + "根据您提供的信息，在1794至1848年间，Stephen Watts Kearny（卡尼）是一位美国军官。他参与了1812年战争，后来执行西部边防任务。墨西哥战争开始时，他被命令去夺取新墨西哥和加利福尼亚。他通过外交手段说服墨西哥军队撤退，并顺利进入圣大非。在那儿，他于1846年宣布成立文官政府。随后，他前往加利福尼亚，但发现那里已被斯多克东和弗里蒙特征服。在1847年，卡尼与他们联手，击败了墨西哥人的叛乱。尽管最初受到弗里蒙特的反对，卡尼还是建立了一个稳定的政府。最后，他受命前往墨西哥，但却因黄热病去世。" ], [ "卡尼在圣大非成立文官政府之前是怎样成功地说服墨西哥军队撤退的？", @@ -261244,7 +261244,7 @@ "history": [ [ "规范逻辑；义务逻辑deontic logic模态逻辑的一个分支，研究允许、义务、禁止这些具备义务论形式特征的逻辑（希腊文deontos，指的是「被綑绑之物」）。它企图将该领域中，逻辑命题之间那种抽象、纯粹概念上的关系系统化，例如：如果某个行为是义务，则它一定是可允许、而且不能被禁止的。在某种情境下，任何一个行为若不是义务的，就是可省略的。关于哪些特定的行为或状态是应该禁止或可允许的这些具体问题，模态逻辑把它们留给像伦理学和法律之类的实质规范去处理。\n\n请问能给我简要介绍一下什么是义务逻辑（deontic logic）吗？", - "你好，Human。当然可以。义务逻辑是模态逻辑的一个分支，用于研究允许、义务和禁止这些具有义务论形式特征的逻辑。它旨在系统化逻辑命题之间的抽象、纯粹概念上的关系，比如：“如果某个行为是义务，则它一定是可允许、而且不能被禁止的。” 对于具体的行为或状态究竟应该禁止还是可允许，模态逻辑将这部分问题交由伦理学和法律等实质规范领域来处理。简单来说，义务逻辑关注的是规范逻辑中的允许、义务和禁止等概念。" + "当然可以。义务逻辑是模态逻辑的一个分支，用于研究允许、义务和禁止这些具有义务论形式特征的逻辑。它旨在系统化逻辑命题之间的抽象、纯粹概念上的关系，比如：“如果某个行为是义务，则它一定是可允许、而且不能被禁止的。” 对于具体的行为或状态究竟应该禁止还是可允许，模态逻辑将这部分问题交由伦理学和法律等实质规范领域来处理。简单来说，义务逻辑关注的是规范逻辑中的允许、义务和禁止等概念。" ], [ "明白了，谢谢解答回答。那么在现实生活中，义务逻辑是如何应用的呢？", @@ -261383,7 +261383,7 @@ "history": [ [ "君士坦丁Constantine旧称锡尔塔（Cirta）。阿尔及利亚东北部城市。一座天然的要塞，地处三面为峡谷围绕的多岩台地上。至西元前3世纪为努米底亚重镇，西元313年改称现名，7世纪时被阿拉伯人占领，后来被土耳其统治，1837年法国占领这里。1942年美军取得该城，第二次世界大战期间同盟国重要作战基地。现存中世纪城墙，附近有罗马时代的遗址。该城也是附近地区的农产品市场。人口约440,842（1987）。\n\n你好，请问君士坦丁这个城市在哪个国家？", - "你好，Human！君士坦丁位于阿尔及利亚东北部。阿尔及利亚是位于北非的一个国家，与地中海相接。因此，君士坦丁是阿尔及利亚的一个重要城市。" + "君士坦丁位于阿尔及利亚东北部。阿尔及利亚是位于北非的一个国家，与地中海相接。因此，君士坦丁是阿尔及利亚的一个重要城市。" ], [ "它在历史上有哪些重要意义呢？", @@ -261612,7 +261612,7 @@ "history": [ [ "费迪南德五世1452～1516年Ferdinand V别名Ferdinand the Catholic西班牙语作Fernando el Católico卡斯提尔国王（称费迪南德五世，从1474年起与王后伊莎贝拉一世联合统治到1504年），亚拉冈国王（1479年起），西西里国王（1468～1516），以及那不勒斯国王（称费迪南德三世，1503～1516年）。亚拉冈国王约翰二世（1398～1479）之子。1469年与卡斯提尔公主伊莎贝拉结婚，为了压制两王国的贵族势力而与之斗争。作为把卡斯提尔现代化的一部分，他们下令取缔天主教以外的一切宗教，设立异端裁判所（1478），逐出犹太人（1492）。1492年征服了格拉纳达，从而支持哥伦布横渡大西洋寻找新大陆。他还把势力扩张到地中海地区和非洲。1503年征服那不勒斯后，西班牙在义大利战争期间，遭逢了欧洲最强大的国家法国。费迪南德藉着统一各王国为西班牙国家，开始把西班牙带入帝国扩张的现代时期。\n\n你好，请问费迪南德五世是什么时候成为卡斯提尔国王的？", - "你好，Human！费迪南德五世成为卡斯提尔国王是在1474年。从那时起，他与王后伊莎贝拉一世联合统治卡斯提尔直到1504年。他们共同努力巩固王权，对抗贵族势力，为卡斯提尔的现代化做出了重要贡献。" + "费迪南德五世成为卡斯提尔国王是在1474年。从那时起，他与王后伊莎贝拉一世联合统治卡斯提尔直到1504年。他们共同努力巩固王权，对抗贵族势力，为卡斯提尔的现代化做出了重要贡献。" ], [ "非常感谢！那么费迪南德五世除了卡斯提尔国王之外，还担任过哪些国家的国王？", @@ -261814,7 +261814,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圭亚那Guianas, the位于南美洲中北部海岸的地区，临大西洋与加勒比海。面积468,800平方公里。包括盖亚那（前英属圭亚那）、苏利南（前荷属圭亚那）和法属圭亚那。奥利诺科、内格罗和亚马逊等河流经境内。全区大部分土地为浓密的热带森林所覆盖，包含许多有价值的林木。垦殖定居大都局限于沿海地区与河谷。早期居民为苏利南印第安人。1498年哥伦布发现沿岸地区。16世纪初期，西班牙人探险该地区。约1580年，荷兰人开始定居。17世纪初期，由法国人、英国人定居。\n\n请问圭亚那Guianas地区的面积是多少？", - "你好，Human！圭亚那Guianas地区的总面积为468,800平方公里。这个地区包括盖亚那（前英属圭亚那）、苏利南（前荷属圭亚那）和法属圭亚那。这些信息能帮助您了解该地区的大小和范围。" + "圭亚那Guianas地区的总面积为468,800平方公里。这个地区包括盖亚那（前英属圭亚那）、苏利南（前荷属圭亚那）和法属圭亚那。这些信息能帮助您了解该地区的大小和范围。" ], [ "有哪些河流流经这个地区？", @@ -261917,7 +261917,7 @@ "history": [ [ "努比亚沙漠Nubian Desert苏丹东北部的沙漠。尼罗河谷地将努比亚沙漠的西面与利比亚沙漠隔开。地势多石，崎岖不平，夹杂一些沙丘。基本上是砂砾高原，有许多干涸河道（季节性河流）散布其间，在到达尼罗河之前这些河流就消失了。每年的平均雨量小于13公分。\n\n我了解到努比亚沙漠位于苏丹东北部，请问努比亚沙漠的西边有什么地理特征？", - "你好，Human！努比亚沙漠的西边是尼罗河谷地，它将努比亚沙漠与利比亚沙漠隔开。尼罗河谷地是一个重要的地理特征，它为沙漠地区提供了一定程度的水源。因此，努比亚沙漠的西侧沙漠地形相对较为宜居。" + "努比亚沙漠的西边是尼罗河谷地，它将努比亚沙漠与利比亚沙漠隔开。尼罗河谷地是一个重要的地理特征，它为沙漠地区提供了一定程度的水源。因此，努比亚沙漠的西侧沙漠地形相对较为宜居。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答！那么努比亚沙漠的地势是怎样的？", @@ -261989,7 +261989,7 @@ "history": [ [ "泛酸pantothenic acid有机化合物。维生素B复合体的组成部分。对动物代谢起着重要作用。存在于活细胞及组织内。在动物体内是以与辅A（参阅coenzyme）结合的形式存在，辅A可促进动物体内许多代谢反应的完成，维持机体的健康和生长。可由人体内的肠内菌丛合成，因而还未发现人类因缺乏泛酸而引起的疾病。\n\n关于泛酸，我想了解一下它的主要作用。", - "你好，Human。泛酸（pantothenic acid）是维生素B复合体的组成部分，它在动物体内以辅酶A（coenzyme A）的形式存在。辅酶A在动物体内的许多代谢反应中起着关键作用，它可以促进这些反应的完成，从而维持机体的健康和生长。" + "泛酸（pantothenic acid）是维生素B复合体的组成部分，它在动物体内以辅酶A（coenzyme A）的形式存在。辅酶A在动物体内的许多代谢反应中起着关键作用，它可以促进这些反应的完成，从而维持机体的健康和生长。" ], [ "泛酸在什么地方比较常见呢？", @@ -262290,7 +262290,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西科尔斯基1881～1943年Sikorski, Wladyslaw (Eugeniusz)波兰将军和政治家。生于奥地利统治下的波兰，曾在第一次世界大战期间在奥军中服役，是波兰军团的领导人，参加了奥地利反俄国的战争。他在1923～1924年间担任波兰总理，1924～1925年间担任军事大臣。从1928年起，他加入了反对毕苏斯基的反对派。在1939年德国入侵波兰以后，他成为了波兰流亡政府的总理。当他要求史达林同意红十字会调查卡廷屠杀案时，史达林中止了苏波外交关系。他几个月后在一次飞机失事中丧生。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我谁是西科尔斯基？简单介绍一下他的生平。", - "你好，Human！西科尔斯基（Wladyslaw Sikorski，全名Wladyslaw Eugeniusz Sikorski）是一位波兰将军和政治家。他生于奥地利统治下的波兰，曾在第一次世界大战期间在奥军服役，并成为波兰军团的领导人。他们参加了奥地利反俄的战争。此外，他还曾在1923-1924年间担任波兰总理，以及在1924-1925年间担任波兰军事大臣。自1928年起，他加入了反对毕苏斯基的反对派，并在1939年德国入侵波兰后成为波兰流亡政府的总理。最后，他在1943年的一次飞机失事中丧生。" + "西科尔斯基（Wladyslaw Sikorski，全名Wladyslaw Eugeniusz Sikorski）是一位波兰将军和政治家。他生于奥地利统治下的波兰，曾在第一次世界大战期间在奥军服役，并成为波兰军团的领导人。他们参加了奥地利反俄的战争。此外，他还曾在1923-1924年间担任波兰总理，以及在1924-1925年间担任波兰军事大臣。自1928年起，他加入了反对毕苏斯基的反对派，并在1939年德国入侵波兰后成为波兰流亡政府的总理。最后，他在1943年的一次飞机失事中丧生。" ], [ "西科尔斯基和史达林在卡廷屠杀案的沟通中，发生了什么？", @@ -262365,7 +262365,7 @@ "history": [ [ "波美拉尼亚狗Pomeranian玩赏犬的一种，与凯斯狗、萨莫耶德狗和挪威猎麋狗都育种自同一种雪橇犬。据说为19世纪初在波美拉尼亚公国从一种重14公斤的狗所培育而成。活泼驯顺，头似狐，耳小而直立。被毛长，颈和胸部尤颜色各异，包括白、黑、棕和红棕色。体高约14～18公分，体重约15～3公斤。\n\n我想了解一下波美拉尼亚犬的起源，它是怎么由雪橇犬演变成现在这个样子的呢？", - "你好，Human。波美拉尼亚犬起源于19世纪初波美拉尼亚公国，当时这个品种是从一种重14公斤的雪橇犬通过人为的选育而培育出来的。根据你提供的信息，波美拉尼亚犬与凯斯狗、萨莫耶德狗和挪威猎麋狗都有共同的雪橇犬祖先。经过一系列的育种和选育过程，波美拉尼亚犬逐渐变得更小巧、更适合做玩赏犬，比如现在波美拉尼亚犬的体高约14-18公分，体重约1.5-3公斤。" + "波美拉尼亚犬起源于19世纪初波美拉尼亚公国，当时这个品种是从一种重14公斤的雪橇犬通过人为的选育而培育出来的。根据你提供的信息，波美拉尼亚犬与凯斯狗、萨莫耶德狗和挪威猎麋狗都有共同的雪橇犬祖先。经过一系列的育种和选育过程，波美拉尼亚犬逐渐变得更小巧、更适合做玩赏犬，比如现在波美拉尼亚犬的体高约14-18公分，体重约1.5-3公斤。" ], [ "多谢解答。我听说波美拉尼亚犬的脾气非常好，是这样吗？", @@ -263030,7 +263030,7 @@ "history": [ [ "授业座yeshiva犹太教教育机关，专门传授「塔木德」。对于《圣经》和律法的注疏和运用为若干世纪犹太人的宗教生活确立了规范。自1939～1945年，纳粹在欧洲迫害犹太人，授业座荡然无存，师生纷纷逃往英格兰、加拿大、美国、巴勒斯坦等地。着名的授业座是设在美国和以色列。中世纪在欧洲有大批犹太人，授业座盛行。\n\n你好，请问授业座yeshiva是什么？", - "你好，Human。授业座yeshiva是犹太教的教育机构，专门传授“塔木德”。它对《圣经》和律法的注疏和运用，为犹太人的宗教生活确立了规范。中世纪时在欧洲，有大量犹太人，授业座非常盛行。" + "授业座yeshiva是犹太教的教育机构，专门传授“塔木德”。它对《圣经》和律法的注疏和运用，为犹太人的宗教生活确立了规范。中世纪时在欧洲，有大量犹太人，授业座非常盛行。" ], [ "在纳粹迫害犹太人的时期，犹太教的教育机构有什么变化？", @@ -263575,11 +263575,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的回答，我现在对1815年的巴黎条约和相关历史有了一个全面了解。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能帮助你更好地理解这段历史。如果你有更多关于历史或其他领域的问题，请随时向我提问，我会尽我所能为你提供详细的解答。", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能帮助你更好地理解这段历史。如果你有更多关于历史或其他领域的问题，请随时向我提问，我会尽我所能为你提供详细的解答。", "history": [ [ "巴黎条约1815年Paris, Treaty of在拿破仑的百日政变和最终失败后，法国与同盟国之间签订的第二个条约。第二个条约舍弃了第一次「巴黎条约」（1814）的宽大精神，法国需回归到1790年所订定的边界，亦即从法国割走萨尔和萨伏依区，而且必须赔款7亿法郎，并在其国土上供养十五万名占领军三～五年。\n\n你好，请问1815年的巴黎条约是什么？", - "你好，Human！1815年的巴黎条约是拿破仑的百日政变和最终失败后，法国与同盟国之间签订的第二个条约。这个条约代替了第一次巴黎条约（1814），取消了之前的宽大精神。根据这个条约，法国回归到1790年的边界，割让萨尔和萨伏依区，并支付7亿法郎的赔款。同时，法国还要在三到五年内养活十五万名占领军。" + "1815年的巴黎条约是拿破仑的百日政变和最终失败后，法国与同盟国之间签订的第二个条约。这个条约代替了第一次巴黎条约（1814），取消了之前的宽大精神。根据这个条约，法国回归到1790年的边界，割让萨尔和萨伏依区，并支付7亿法郎的赔款。同时，法国还要在三到五年内养活十五万名占领军。" ], [ "第一次巴黎条约是什么时候签订的，有什么具体内容？", @@ -263602,7 +263602,7 @@ "history": [ [ "坦志麦特Tanzimat土耳其语意为「再次改革」，是鄂图曼帝国土耳其推动社会现代化发展和减低穆斯林教士影响的一系列改革（1839～1876）。这一系列改革的第一步（1839）是寻求转变政府对待人民和财产的方式，并改革征税和征兵政策。后来的改革（1856）建立一个世俗的学校体系和一套新的法律制度。虽致力于政府行政的中央集权化，但因所有的权力集中在苏丹身上而未果。在承诺民主改革的同时，通过了1876年的宪法，试图避开欧洲势力的干涉。亦请参阅Abdülhamid II、Young Turks。\n\n请问坦志麦特改革是什么？", - "你好，Human！坦志麦特改革（Tanzimat）是19世纪土耳其推动社会现代化发展和减低穆斯林教士影响的一系列改革，时间跨度为1839年至1876年。这些改革旨在改善政府对待人民和财产的方式，并对征税和征兵政策进行改革。这一系列改革也包括建立一个世俗的学校体系和一套新的法律制度。这些改革的目标是实现政府行政的中央集权化，但由于所有的权力集中在苏丹身上，因此未能达到预期目标。最后，他们通过了1876年的宪法，试图实现民主改革并避免欧洲势力的干涉。" + "坦志麦特改革（Tanzimat）是19世纪土耳其推动社会现代化发展和减低穆斯林教士影响的一系列改革，时间跨度为1839年至1876年。这些改革旨在改善政府对待人民和财产的方式，并对征税和征兵政策进行改革。这一系列改革也包括建立一个世俗的学校体系和一套新的法律制度。这些改革的目标是实现政府行政的中央集权化，但由于所有的权力集中在苏丹身上，因此未能达到预期目标。最后，他们通过了1876年的宪法，试图实现民主改革并避免欧洲势力的干涉。" ], [ "好的，谢谢！能详细介绍一下它第一步改革的内容吗？", @@ -264199,7 +264199,7 @@ "history": [ [ "长腿鹬stilt形目反嘴鹬科滨鸟。腿和嘴细长，见于世界各地温暖地区。体长35～45公分，生活于池塘周围，在泥滩和杂草丛生的浅水中觅食甲壳动物和其他小型水生动物。普通长腿鹬（Himantopus himantopus）体呈多少不等的黑、白色，腿粉红色，眼呈红色。\n\n我在读一篇关于长腿鹬的文章，能告诉我它们生活在什么样的地方吗？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，长腿鹬生活在温暖地区的池塘周围。它们喜欢在泥滩和杂草丛生的浅水中觅食。这些地方能为它们提供丰富的食物来源，如甲壳动物和其他小型水生动物。" + "根据你提供的信息，长腿鹬生活在温暖地区的池塘周围。它们喜欢在泥滩和杂草丛生的浅水中觅食。这些地方能为它们提供丰富的食物来源，如甲壳动物和其他小型水生动物。" ], [ "长腿鹬的身体特征是什么？", @@ -264450,7 +264450,7 @@ "history": [ [ "未来主义Futurism马里内蒂在1909年的开山的概括性宣言之后，自己动笔或参加草拟一系列关于诗歌、戏剧、建筑以及其他各种艺术的宣言。他于1905年在巴黎创办《诗歌》杂志，后来又创办同名报纸以发表该派的作品。马里内蒂前往英国、法国、德国和俄国招兵买马时，对英国涡纹主义的创始人路易斯的绘画以及诗人阿波里耐的作品都产生了影响。马里内蒂的俄国之行为一种俄国未来主义打下了基础，这种未来主义远远超过义大利的胎模，具有革命的社会和政治观点。马里内蒂影响了两个被认为俄国未来主义开山祖的俄国作家，一是赫列勃尼科夫，他始终是个诗人和神秘主义者；一是年纪较轻的马雅可夫斯基，他后来成为「革命诗人」和代表他那个时代的大受欢迎的发言人。1912年12月，俄国人发表了他们自己的宣言，标题为《给大众品味一记耳光》，这是前一年5月的义大利宣言的回声。俄国的未来主义者主张抛弃普希金、杜思妥也夫斯基和托尔斯泰，抛弃当时流行的俄国象征派诗歌，号召创立新的实验性写诗方法。俄国和义大利的未来主义诗人全都抛开逻辑的句子结构，废弃传统的词法和句法。未来主义诗歌往往是乱七八糟地摆放一些单词，把它们的意义剥掉，单单采取它们的声音。未来主义派是全心全意支持1917年布尔什维克革命的第一个艺术家团体，从而企图控制革命后的文化并创造一种能够与革命文化的日常活动的各个方面结为一体的新艺术。他们受到苏联第一任教育人民委员卢纳察尔斯基（Anatoly Lunacharsky）的宠爱，并被委派担任重要的文化工作职位。但是，俄国未来主义者标新立异的文学技巧以及他们的造反和革新的理论前提都显得太不稳固，难以成为建立一种比较广阔的文学运动的基础。到1930年马雅可夫斯基去世时，未来主义者的影响已经微乎其微。\n\n你好，请问马里内蒂是谁？", - "你好，Human！马里内蒂（F.T. Marinetti）是未来主义（Futurism）的创始人，他在1909年发布了一篇具有开创性的著名宣言。他分别在不同领域创立了多份关于诗歌、戏剧、建筑等各种艺术的宣言。他还成立了《诗歌》杂志和同名报纸，以宣扬和发表未来主义作品。" + "马里内蒂（F.T. Marinetti）是未来主义（Futurism）的创始人，他在1909年发布了一篇具有开创性的著名宣言。他分别在不同领域创立了多份关于诗歌、戏剧、建筑等各种艺术的宣言。他还成立了《诗歌》杂志和同名报纸，以宣扬和发表未来主义作品。" ], [ "他的作品在世界范围内产生了哪些影响？", @@ -264513,7 +264513,7 @@ "history": [ [ "霍尔1811～1898年Hall, James美国地质学家和古生物学家。在伦斯勒技术学院教书（1832～1836）时，对圣罗伦斯谷进行了广泛的考察。1836年任纽约州地质调所地质师；他的研究收集在巨着《纽约地质》（第四部分）中，这是一部美国地质的经典巨着，介绍了造山运动的地槽理论。1855～1858年任爱荷华州地质师，1857～1860年任威斯康辛州地质师。1871～1891年任纽约州奥尔班尼自然历史博物馆馆长。他后来主要的作品是《纽约古生物志》（十三卷，1847～1894）。\n\n请问一下，霍尔具体活动的时间是哪个年代？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，霍尔（James Hall）活动的时间大致为1811年至1898年，他是美国著名的地质学家和古生物学家。" + "根据提供的信息，霍尔（James Hall）活动的时间大致为1811年至1898年，他是美国著名的地质学家和古生物学家。" ], [ "那么他在哪个学院任教？", @@ -264804,7 +264804,7 @@ "history": [ [ "贝伦森1865～1959年Berenson, Bernard美国（立陶宛出生）艺术史家、评论家和鉴赏家。在波士顿长大，毕业于哈佛大学。大半生住在义大利，是专门研究义大利文艺复兴时期绘画的权威。曾任艺术品交易商杜维恩（J Duveen, 1869～1939）和波士顿伽德纳博物馆的创始人伽德纳（I S Gardner, 1840～1924）的顾问。后来把位于佛罗伦斯附近的埃塔提别墅及其中的艺术收藏品和杰出的图书馆都遗赠给哈佛大学，成立研究义大利文艺复兴的哈佛中心。主要着作有《佛罗伦斯画派的绘画》（1903、1938、1961）和《文艺复兴时期的义大利画家》（1952）。\n\n我想了解一下贝伦森（Bernard Berenson）的一些信息，请问你能帮我吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以，很高兴帮助你了解贝伦森。贝伦森（Bernard Berenson），1865-1959年，是一位美国艺术史家、评论家和鉴赏家。他在波士顿长大，并毕业于哈佛大学。贝伦森大半生住在意大利，是意大利文艺复兴时期绘画研究的权威。他曾担任艺术品交易商杜维恩和波士顿伊莎贝拉·斯图尔特·加德纳博物馆创始人伊莎贝拉·斯图尔特·加德纳的顾问。贝伦森后来将位于佛罗伦萨附近的埃塔提别墅、艺术收藏品和图书馆遗赠给了哈佛大学，并创建了研究意大利文艺复兴的哈佛中心。愿意了解更多信息，请随时提问！" + "当然可以，很高兴帮助你了解贝伦森。贝伦森（Bernard Berenson），1865-1959年，是一位美国艺术史家、评论家和鉴赏家。他在波士顿长大，并毕业于哈佛大学。贝伦森大半生住在意大利，是意大利文艺复兴时期绘画研究的权威。他曾担任艺术品交易商杜维恩和波士顿伊莎贝拉·斯图尔特·加德纳博物馆创始人伊莎贝拉·斯图尔特·加德纳的顾问。贝伦森后来将位于佛罗伦萨附近的埃塔提别墅、艺术收藏品和图书馆遗赠给了哈佛大学，并创建了研究意大利文艺复兴的哈佛中心。愿意了解更多信息，请随时提问！" ], [ "他的主要著作有哪些？", @@ -264823,7 +264823,7 @@ "history": [ [ "狄特斯多夫1739～1799年Dittersdorf, Carl Ditters von原名Carl Ditters（1773年以前）奥地利作曲家。童年即是一位技艺高超的小提琴家，1770～1795年担任布雷斯劳亲王兼主教沙夫戈奇伯爵的宫廷乐师。1773年封为贵族，改姓狄特斯冯狄特斯多夫，他似乎拒绝了维也纳宫廷乐师职务。写了许多作品，包括了约一百二十首交响乐、约四十首协奏曲（有许多是为小提琴而作）、宗教合唱曲和许多室内乐。他最着名的是四十部舞台作品，特别是歌唱剧，包括了《医生与药剂师》（1786）、《吝啬人哈伊罗尼姆斯》（1789）和《红色小帽》（1790）。\n\n你好，在这段文字中提到了狄特斯多夫，他是一名奥地利作曲家，请问他的生平有哪些重要事迹？", - "你好，Human。狄特斯多夫（Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf，原名Carl Ditters，1773年以前）有着非常丰富的生活经历。他生活在1739-1799年，童年时就是技艺高超的小提琴家，因此他的音乐才华得以早日展现。1770至1795年，他成为布雷斯劳亲王兼主教沙夫戈奇伯爵的宫廷乐师，这一职位让他有机会发挥音乐才能。狄特斯多夫于1773年被封为贵族，之后改姓为“狄特斯盖狄特斯多夫”。据说他还拒绝了维也纳宫廷乐师的职务。在他的音乐生涯中，他创作了大量的作品，如交响乐、协奏曲、宗教合唱曲以及室内乐等。其中尤其以他的舞台作品著称，如歌唱剧《医生与药剂师》（1786）、《吝啬人哈伊罗尼姆斯》（1789）以及《红色小帽》（1790）等。" + "狄特斯多夫（Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf，原名Carl Ditters，1773年以前）有着非常丰富的生活经历。他生活在1739-1799年，童年时就是技艺高超的小提琴家，因此他的音乐才华得以早日展现。1770至1795年，他成为布雷斯劳亲王兼主教沙夫戈奇伯爵的宫廷乐师，这一职位让他有机会发挥音乐才能。狄特斯多夫于1773年被封为贵族，之后改姓为“狄特斯盖狄特斯多夫”。据说他还拒绝了维也纳宫廷乐师的职务。在他的音乐生涯中，他创作了大量的作品，如交响乐、协奏曲、宗教合唱曲以及室内乐等。其中尤其以他的舞台作品著称，如歌唱剧《医生与药剂师》（1786）、《吝啬人哈伊罗尼姆斯》（1789）以及《红色小帽》（1790）等。" ], [ "从这段文字来看，狄特斯多夫是一位多产且杰出的作曲家。在他的作品中，有什么拿手的音乐类型？", @@ -265067,7 +265067,7 @@ "history": [ [ "妨害行为nuisance法律上指由于冒犯、惹怒、危险、妨碍或不卫生的言行干扰了他人的权利或利益的行为、目的或实践。比如在公共道路上设障、污染空气和水、经营妓院、或者保存炸药等都是公众妨害行为并触犯法律。私人的妨害行为是一种干扰他人使用或享受自己的房地产的活动或条件（例如过大的噪音、让人难以接受的气味等），就可能触犯民法。还有一种吸引性的妨害行为，是指在他人的房地产上放置某种对儿童或他人具有危险而又可能吸引他们的东西。\n\n请问妨害行为是什么？", - "你好，Human！妨害行为指的是由于冒犯、惹怒、危险、妨碍或不卫生的行为干扰了他人的权利或利益的行为、目的或实践。根据影响范围和性质，妨害行为可分为公众妨害行为和私人妨害行为。公众妨害行为是对公共利益的侵害，如在公共道路上设障、污染空气和水等。私人的妨害行为则是指干扰他人使用或享受自己的房地产的活动或条件，例如过大的噪音、让人难以接受的气味等。此外，还有一种吸引性妨害行为，它指的是在他人的房地产上放置某种对儿童或他人具有危险而又可能吸引他们的东西。" + "妨害行为指的是由于冒犯、惹怒、危险、妨碍或不卫生的行为干扰了他人的权利或利益的行为、目的或实践。根据影响范围和性质，妨害行为可分为公众妨害行为和私人妨害行为。公众妨害行为是对公共利益的侵害，如在公共道路上设障、污染空气和水等。私人的妨害行为则是指干扰他人使用或享受自己的房地产的活动或条件，例如过大的噪音、让人难以接受的气味等。此外，还有一种吸引性妨害行为，它指的是在他人的房地产上放置某种对儿童或他人具有危险而又可能吸引他们的东西。" ], [ "如果我邻居晚上半夜放很大的音乐声，这属于妨害行为吗？", @@ -265132,7 +265132,7 @@ "history": [ [ "几何图形风格Geometric style西元前1000～700年在雅典盛行的一种陶瓶彩绘。从风格上来说，陶瓶上画着各色各样的水平饰带，饰带里画满了各种几何图案，如Z字形、三角形和曲臂十字架（）形，在浅色的底上画上深色图案。这种规则性效果犹如竹篮细工一样。这种抽象图案后来发展成形式化的动物和人像，如葬礼、舞蹈和拳击比赛的叙事性场景。此外，还制作了一些小青铜和黏土雕像，以及别致的装饰性扣针和石灰石印章。后来这种图案仍很流行，而且对以后希腊的艺术影响重大。\n\n请问几何图形风格Geometric style是什么？", - "你好，Human！几何图形风格（Geometric style）是一种西元前1000年至700年间在雅典盛行的陶瓶彩绘风格。这种风格以各色各样的水平饰带为特点，饰带内部充满了各种几何图案，如Z字形、三角形和曲臂十字架形等。这些图案通常以深色画在浅色背景上，整体呈现出类似于竹篮细工的规律性美感。这种抽象图案后来逐渐发展成了通常以人物和动物为主题的形式化图案，如葬礼、舞蹈和拳击比赛等叙事性场景。" + "几何图形风格（Geometric style）是一种西元前1000年至700年间在雅典盛行的陶瓶彩绘风格。这种风格以各色各样的水平饰带为特点，饰带内部充满了各种几何图案，如Z字形、三角形和曲臂十字架形等。这些图案通常以深色画在浅色背景上，整体呈现出类似于竹篮细工的规律性美感。这种抽象图案后来逐渐发展成了通常以人物和动物为主题的形式化图案，如葬礼、舞蹈和拳击比赛等叙事性场景。" ], [ "几何图形风格对后来的希腊艺术有什么影响？", @@ -265151,7 +265151,7 @@ "history": [ [ "运动motion物体位置对另一个物体位置的变化，或物体位置对参照系或座标系的变化。一切运动都沿一定的路径，而路径的性状决定运动的特性。平移运动发生在如果一个物体上所有的点都对另一个物体有相似的路径时。旋转运动发生在如果一个物体上的任意一条线对另一个物体上的一条线改变取向时。相对于一个移动物体（如在一个行驶的火车上移动）的运动称相对运动。的确，一切运动都是相对的，但相对于地球以及固定在地球上的任何物体的运动都可看作是绝对运动，因地球运动的影响很小，可以忽略。亦请参阅Brownian motion、simple harmonic motion、periodic motion、uniform circular motion。\n\n我刚刚看了一篇关于运动的文章，想请教你一些问题。根据文章，运动是物体位置对另一个物体位置的变化。这句话是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。这句话描述了运动的概念。运动是当一个物体在空间中的位置发生变化时相对于另一个物体（通常作为参考物体）所发生的现象。简单地说，当一个物体相对于另一个物体发生移动时，就发生了运动。例如，当你走路时，你的位置相对于地面发生了变化，这就是运动的一个例子。" + "这句话描述了运动的概念。运动是当一个物体在空间中的位置发生变化时相对于另一个物体（通常作为参考物体）所发生的现象。简单地说，当一个物体相对于另一个物体发生移动时，就发生了运动。例如，当你走路时，你的位置相对于地面发生了变化，这就是运动的一个例子。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释。文章中还提到，平移运动是指一个物体上所有的点都对另一个物体有相似的路径。这句话意味着什么呢？", @@ -265193,7 +265193,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡特尔cartel独立公司或个人为了对某种或某类商品的产销施加某种形式的限制或垄断影响而组织的联盟。最常见的安排是为了控制价格或产量，或者是为了画分市场范围。卡特尔的成员在参与制定和执行共同政策的同时，仍然保持各自的独立和财务上的自主。它们可以是国内的（如法本化学工业公司），也可以是国际性的（如石油输出国家组织）。由于卡特尔限制竞争，对消费者而言，产品价格太高，所以卡特尔在一些国家是非法的。在美国唯一可不受反托拉斯法规范的行业是大联盟棒球，但一些美国公司获准在海外参与国际性的卡特尔组织。\n\n请问什么是卡特尔？", - "你好，Human！卡特尔（Cartel）指的是一种由独立公司或个人组成的联盟，目的是对某种或某类商品的产销施加某种形式的限制或垄断影响。这种安排通常是为了控制价格、产量或者划分市场范围。卡特尔成员在共同决策并执行政策的同时，维持各自独立和财务自主。卡特尔可以是国内的，如法本化学工业公司；也可以是国际性的，如石油输出国家组织（OPEC）。" + "卡特尔（Cartel）指的是一种由独立公司或个人组成的联盟，目的是对某种或某类商品的产销施加某种形式的限制或垄断影响。这种安排通常是为了控制价格、产量或者划分市场范围。卡特尔成员在共同决策并执行政策的同时，维持各自独立和财务自主。卡特尔可以是国内的，如法本化学工业公司；也可以是国际性的，如石油输出国家组织（OPEC）。" ], [ "卡特尔有哪些常见的形式？", @@ -265437,7 +265437,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蒙戈尔费埃兄弟（约瑟夫－米歇尔与雅克－艾蒂安）Montgolfier, Joseph-Michel and Jacques-étienne约瑟夫－米歇尔：西元1740～1810年雅克－艾蒂安：西元1745～1799年法国热气球（参阅balloon）发明人。他们兄弟两发现了将热空气收集在一个轻袋子里可以使袋子飞起来，于是他们在1783年对他们的发现做了实验，将一个气球升高到1,000公尺的高空，并在那里飘荡了十分钟。那一年后，他们将一只绵羊、一只鸭子和一只鹅当作乘客送上了高空，接着他们作了第一次载人飞行。\n\n请问蒙戈尔费埃兄弟是谁？", - "你好，Human。蒙戈尔费埃兄弟（约瑟夫－米歇尔与雅克－艾蒂安）是法国的热气球发明人。约瑟夫－米歇尔生于1740年，逝世于1810年；雅克－艾蒂安生于1745年，逝世于1799年。他们在1783年完成了世界上第一个热气球实验，成功将一个气球升至1000米高空，并在那里飘荡了十分钟。" + "蒙戈尔费埃兄弟（约瑟夫－米歇尔与雅克－艾蒂安）是法国的热气球发明人。约瑟夫－米歇尔生于1740年，逝世于1810年；雅克－艾蒂安生于1745年，逝世于1799年。他们在1783年完成了世界上第一个热气球实验，成功将一个气球升至1000米高空，并在那里飘荡了十分钟。" ], [ "他们是如何发现热空气可以让气球飞起来的？", @@ -265693,7 +265693,7 @@ "history": [ [ "萨莱诺Salerno义大利南部城市。位于萨莱诺湾，由罗马人在西元前197年成立，原为古老的城镇。从西元646年起是伦巴底公爵领地的一部分，后在839～1076年是独立的伦巴底公国首府。在被诺曼人罗伯特占领后成为了其首府。萨莱诺后来成为了那不勒斯王国的一部分。在第二次世界大战期间，该城市是盟国登陆部队和德军一主要战役的战场壹玖肆三年9月）。它是该工业区的一个繁忙港口，其主要建筑包括一个医学院（是欧洲最早的医学院，可能是在9世纪建立）和有圣马太及教宗格列高利七世陵墓的大教堂（始建于845年，在1076～1085年重建）。人口约144,000（1994）。\n\n请问萨莱诺是意大利的哪个地区的城市？", - "你好，Human！萨莱诺位于意大利南部的萨莱诺湾。这是一个拥有悠久历史的城市，最初是由罗马人在公元前197年建立的。所以，萨莱诺是一个位于意大利南部的历史名城。" + "萨莱诺位于意大利南部的萨莱诺湾。这是一个拥有悠久历史的城市，最初是由罗马人在公元前197年建立的。所以，萨莱诺是一个位于意大利南部的历史名城。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，能否告诉我萨莱诺在历史上有哪些重要的地位和时期？", @@ -265731,7 +265731,7 @@ "history": [ [ "狮子座Leo（拉丁语意为「狮子」〔Lion〕）在天文学上，在巨蟹座和处女座之间的一个星座；在星占术中，它是黄道带的第五宫，是主宰7月23日到8月22日这段时间的命宫。形象是一头雄狮，与被赫拉克勒斯杀死的奈迈阿狮子有关，据说箭是穿不透奈迈阿狮子皮的，所以奈迈阿狮子是杀不死的，但是赫拉克勒斯用棍棒把它猛击致死。宙斯把这头狮子放在空中当作一个星座。\n\n你好，请问狮子座是星座中的哪一个位置？", - "你好，Human。狮子座是天文学上位于巨蟹座和处女座之间的一个星座。在星占术中，它是黄道带的第五宫，主宰的时间范围是7月23日到8月22日。这个位置使得狮子座与其他星座在黄道带上形成一种排列顺序，而这对于研究天文和占星学具有重要意义。" + "狮子座是天文学上位于巨蟹座和处女座之间的一个星座。在星占术中，它是黄道带的第五宫，主宰的时间范围是7月23日到8月22日。这个位置使得狮子座与其他星座在黄道带上形成一种排列顺序，而这对于研究天文和占星学具有重要意义。" ], [ "狮子座的形象与哪个神话故事有关？", @@ -265921,7 +265921,7 @@ "history": [ [ "查理阿尔贝特1798～1849年Charles Albert义大利语作Carlo Alberto义大利萨丁尼亚－皮埃蒙特国王（1831～1849）。萨伏依王室旁系，1831年查理费利切去世，由查理阿尔贝特继位。他推动了国家的经济和社会发展，1814年由于革命思想的散播，他不得不批准法令设置代议制政府。在庇护九世当选教宗和奥地利侵占费拉拉后，他企图领导义大利的民族解放运动。1848年对奥地利宣战，结果惨遭失败；1849年反攻，又败于诺瓦拉，随后宣布退位以利儿子维克托伊曼纽尔二世即位，后流亡葡萄牙。\n\n根据这段关于查理阿尔贝特的描述，他是哪个国家的国王？", - "你好，Human！查理阿尔贝特（Carlo Alberto）是意大利萨丁尼亚-皮埃蒙特国王，他在1831年至1849年期间统治这个国家。萨丁尼亚-皮埃蒙特在当时是意大利的一个重要领地。" + "查理阿尔贝特（Carlo Alberto）是意大利萨丁尼亚-皮埃蒙特国王，他在1831年至1849年期间统治这个国家。萨丁尼亚-皮埃蒙特在当时是意大利的一个重要领地。" ], [ "查理阿尔贝特在登基前是什么家族的成员？", @@ -266024,7 +266024,7 @@ "history": [ [ "德黑兰会议1943年11月28日～12月1日Tehran Conference第二次世界大战期间，美国总统罗斯福、英国首相邱吉尔和苏联部长会议主席史达林举行的一次会议，主要讨论军事战略及政治问题。史达林同意从东发动军事进攻，以配合联军有计画的入侵德国占领法国。会议也讨论了战后东欧边界，包括波兰的战后状况及战后国际组织问题，但未能达成协定。\n\n请问德黑兰会议的具体时间是什么时候？", - "你好，Human！德黑兰会议于1943年11月28日至12月1日举行。" + "德黑兰会议于1943年11月28日至12月1日举行。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么参加这次会议的主要国家领导人是哪些？", @@ -266287,11 +266287,11 @@ { "instruction": "非常感谢你详细的回答。现在我对约旦有了更清晰的了解。你真是个了不起的聊天机器人！", "input": "", - "output": "谢谢你的赞美，Human！我很高兴能帮助你了解约旦这个国家。如果你有其他问题或需要帮助时，请随时告诉我。", + "output": "谢谢你的赞美！我很高兴能帮助你了解约旦这个国家。如果你有其他问题或需要帮助时，请随时告诉我。", "history": [ [ "约旦Jordan正式名称约旦哈希姆王国（Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan）阿拉伯语作Al-Urdun南亚阿拉伯国家，位于约旦河东岸。邻叙利亚、伊拉克、沙乌地阿拉伯和以色列。有临亚喀巴湾19公里的海岸线。面积88,946平方公里。人口约5,132,000（2001）。首都︰安曼。多数人民为阿拉伯人，约60%是巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人，他们大多是以阿战争后从以色列和西岸移民至约旦的。语言︰阿拉伯语（官方语）。宗教︰伊斯兰教（国教），逾90%的人口信奉逊尼派。货币︰约旦第纳尔（JD）。约旦4/5的领土是沙漠，低于1/10的土地是可耕地。该国最高点是拉姆山（海拔1,754公尺），位于约旦河东岸的丘陵区。约旦河谷地区包含了死海。约旦经济主要仰赖制造业和服务业（包含旅游业）；出口品有磷酸盐、钾碱、药物、水果、蔬菜及肥料。政府形式为君主立宪政体，两院制。国家元首暨政府首脑是国王，由总理辅佐。约旦与以色列共有许多相同的历史，因为两者均曾占领了史称巴勒斯坦的这个地方。今日约旦东部许多地区在西元前1000年左右是受以色列的大卫和所罗门统治。西元前330年沦入塞琉西王国手中，西元7世纪受穆斯林阿拉伯人统治。1099年十字军将耶路撒冷王国扩大至约旦河东部。16世纪时约旦臣服于鄂图曼土耳其的统治。1920年包含约旦的地区（当时称为外约旦）与英国托管的巴勒斯坦结合。1927年外约旦成为独立国家，虽然英国的托管直到1948年才结束。与以色列的敌意到1949年中止，约旦包含了约旦河的西岸地区，这个地区的统治权在1967年六日战争后由以色列取得。1970～1971年约旦因政府与巴勒斯坦解放组织（PLO）游击队的战事而国力日弱，经过一番奋斗，约旦将巴解组织逐出。1988年国王胡笙重新对所有约旦人宣布西岸归巴解组织所有。1994年约旦和以色列签署全面的和平条约。\n\n请问约旦是一个什么样的国家？", - "你好，Human。约旦，全名约旦哈希姆王国，是阿拉伯语Al-Urdun的英文翻译，位于中东地区。它毗邻叙利亚、伊拉克、沙特阿拉伯和以色列，拥有19公里的亚喀巴湾海岸线。约旦国土面积为88,946平方公里，人口约为5,132,000人（2001年数据）。首都是安曼，国民大多为阿拉伯人，其中约60%是巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人，他们在以阿战争后从以色列和西岸移民至约旦。官方语言是阿拉伯语，国教为伊斯兰教，逾90%的人信奉逊尼派。约旦的货币是约旦第纳尔。" + "约旦，全名约旦哈希姆王国，是阿拉伯语Al-Urdun的英文翻译，位于中东地区。它毗邻叙利亚、伊拉克、沙特阿拉伯和以色列，拥有19公里的亚喀巴湾海岸线。约旦国土面积为88,946平方公里，人口约为5,132,000人（2001年数据）。首都是安曼，国民大多为阿拉伯人，其中约60%是巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人，他们在以阿战争后从以色列和西岸移民至约旦。官方语言是阿拉伯语，国教为伊斯兰教，逾90%的人信奉逊尼派。约旦的货币是约旦第纳尔。" ], [ "了解。请问约旦的地理特征和自然资源是什么？", @@ -266451,7 +266451,7 @@ "history": [ [ "铜色蝶copper (butterfly)鳞翅目灰蝶科灰蝶亚科昆虫。分布广泛。成虫体小，翅展18～38公厘，又称纱翅蝶。飞行迅速，翅有彩虹色光泽，橘红色至褐色，通常带铜色色调和暗色斑纹。幼虫食苜蓿或酸模等。\n\n请问铜色蝶是什么样的昆虫？能简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！铜色蝶属于鳞翅目灰蝶科灰蝶亚科的昆虫，它们分布广泛，体型较小，翅展在18～38公厘之间。又因为翅膀薄如纱，所以又被称为纱翅蝶。它们的飞行速度很快，翅膀具有彩虹色的光泽，颜色从橘红色到褐色，通常带有铜色色调和暗色斑纹。它们的幼虫以苜蓿或酸模等植物为食。" + "铜色蝶属于鳞翅目灰蝶科灰蝶亚科的昆虫，它们分布广泛，体型较小，翅展在18～38公厘之间。又因为翅膀薄如纱，所以又被称为纱翅蝶。它们的飞行速度很快，翅膀具有彩虹色的光泽，颜色从橘红色到褐色，通常带有铜色色调和暗色斑纹。它们的幼虫以苜蓿或酸模等植物为食。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。请问铜色蝶的生存环境有什么特点？", @@ -266531,7 +266531,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马尔他语Maltese Language马尔他岛的主要语言。由阿拉伯语的一种方言发展而来，与阿尔及利亚和突尼西亚的西阿拉伯诸方言关系密切，受罗曼诸语言（特别是义大利语）极大影响。是唯一用拉丁字母书写的阿拉伯语。\n\n我想了解一下马尔他语，它是怎么发展而来的？", - "你好，Human！马尔他语是马尔他岛的主要语言。它起源于阿拉伯语的一种方言，并与阿尔及利亚和突尼西亚的西阿拉伯诸方言有着密切关系。随着时间的推移，马尔他语受到了罗曼诸语言的极大影响，特别是义大利语。因此，马尔他语在与其他阿拉伯方言的基础上演变成了一种独特的语言。值得注意的是，马尔他语是唯一用拉丁字母书写的阿拉伯语。" + "马尔他语是马尔他岛的主要语言。它起源于阿拉伯语的一种方言，并与阿尔及利亚和突尼西亚的西阿拉伯诸方言有着密切关系。随着时间的推移，马尔他语受到了罗曼诸语言的极大影响，特别是义大利语。因此，马尔他语在与其他阿拉伯方言的基础上演变成了一种独特的语言。值得注意的是，马尔他语是唯一用拉丁字母书写的阿拉伯语。" ], [ "马尔他语如何受到罗曼诸语言的影响呢？", @@ -266592,7 +266592,7 @@ "history": [ [ "格拉斯哥大学Glasgow, University of苏格兰格拉斯哥的公立大学。创建于1451年，1577年重新组织。18世纪时，该大学的教师中有许多杰出的人士，如亚当斯密和布拉克；瓦特曾为该校助教。19世纪该校教师则有李斯德和克尔文勋爵。该校共有六个学院︰文学院、神学院、法学院、医学院、理学院和工学院。校长每三年由学生选举一次。注册学生人数约17,000。\n\n请问你对格拉斯哥大学了解多少？", - "你好，Human。根据你给出的信息，格拉斯哥大学是位于苏格兰格拉斯哥的一所公立大学。它创建于1451年，后在1577年进行了重新组织。在18世纪时，该校的教师中有许多杰出的人士，如亚当·斯密和布拉克，而瓦特曾担任该校的助教。至于19世纪时，李斯德和克尔文勋爵曾在该校任教。格拉斯哥大学共分六个学院：文学院、神学院、法学院、医学院、理学院和工学院。学生可以每三年选举一次校长。目前，在校注册学生人数约为17,000。" + "根据你给出的信息，格拉斯哥大学是位于苏格兰格拉斯哥的一所公立大学。它创建于1451年，后在1577年进行了重新组织。在18世纪时，该校的教师中有许多杰出的人士，如亚当·斯密和布拉克，而瓦特曾担任该校的助教。至于19世纪时，李斯德和克尔文勋爵曾在该校任教。格拉斯哥大学共分六个学院：文学院、神学院、法学院、医学院、理学院和工学院。学生可以每三年选举一次校长。目前，在校注册学生人数约为17,000。" ], [ "能介绍一下亚当·斯密和布拉克的贡献吗？", @@ -266651,7 +266651,7 @@ "history": [ [ "水water化学元素氢（H）和氧（O）组成的一种物质，分子式为H2O；并以液态、气态（蒸汽、水蒸气）和固态（冰）的形式存在。室温下，水是无色、无嗅、无味的液体。水是最丰富且不可少的化合物，占地表的75%以上。水对生命是必需的，实际上参与了在动植物中发生的每个过程。它最重要的性质之一是能溶解许多其他的物质。水作为溶剂的多用性对活生物体是必需的，生命来源于海洋世界的复杂溶液。活生物体利用水溶液（如血液和消化液）作为实行生物过程的介质。由于水分子是不对称的，因此，不论是在气、液或固态，氢键能使分子排列成特殊的立体构型，从而有效地影响水的性质。许多水的物理和化学性质（如熔点、沸点、黏度、表面张力、液态的密度高于固态）是受氢键的影响。水是非常活泼的物质，自电离性很小，但却极为重要。水在有限的程度上离解为氢离子（H+，使溶液呈酸性）和氢氧离子（OH-，使溶液呈碱性），因此水能有时作为酸，有时作为碱。水有无数种工业用途，包括了溶解剂、稀释剂和氢的来源；它还用于渗透、洗涤、石灰和水泥的水合、纺织、水解、水力学，同时也用在食物和饮料上。亦请参阅hard water、heavy water。\n\n我想了解一下水的主要组成元素是什么？", - "你好，Human。水的主要组成元素是氢（H）和氧（O），分子式为H2O。水分子中包含两个氢原子和一个氧原子。由于水分子的不对称构型，氢键能使分子排列成特殊的立体构型，从而有效地影响水的性质。" + "水的主要组成元素是氢（H）和氧（O），分子式为H2O。水分子中包含两个氢原子和一个氧原子。由于水分子的不对称构型，氢键能使分子排列成特殊的立体构型，从而有效地影响水的性质。" ], [ "太有趣了。水在室温下的主要特点是什么？", @@ -266792,7 +266792,7 @@ "history": [ [ "相phase热力学中指化学上和物理上都均匀的物质部分，可以用机械方法从非均匀混合物分离出。相可以是单质，也可以是几种物质的混合物。物质的三种基本相是固体、液体和气体；也有人认为还有晶态、胶态、玻璃状、非晶态以及等离子体等相。纯物质的各不同的相之间温度和压力存在着固定的关系。例如，如果固体的温度上升的够高时，或压力减得够小时，就会变成液态。\n\n根据上述的信息内容，我想了解一下物质的三种基本相和额外提到的其他相有什么区别？", - "你好，Human。物质的三种基本相是固体、液体和气体。它们的区别主要体现在物质的分子间距和运动方式上。固体的分子间距较小，分子在固定位置上振动；液体的分子间距较大，分子可以自由流动；气体分子间距更大，分子快速并且自由地运动。关于其他相如晶态、胶态、玻璃状、非晶态以及等离子体等，这些相是物质在特定条件下的特殊表现形式，具有独特的性质和表现。" + "物质的三种基本相是固体、液体和气体。它们的区别主要体现在物质的分子间距和运动方式上。固体的分子间距较小，分子在固定位置上振动；液体的分子间距较大，分子可以自由流动；气体分子间距更大，分子快速并且自由地运动。关于其他相如晶态、胶态、玻璃状、非晶态以及等离子体等，这些相是物质在特定条件下的特殊表现形式，具有独特的性质和表现。" ], [ "那么在实际生活中，相变需要什么样的条件呢？", @@ -266920,7 +266920,7 @@ "history": [ [ "托勒密二世前308～西元前246年Ptolemy II Philadelphus埃及国王（西元前285～西元前246年），也是托勒密王朝的第二任国王。西元前285～282年他和其父亲救星托勒密一世联合执政，而后清除他家族的对手，包括他的第一任妻子，并娶了她的妹妹阿尔西诺伊二世。同塞琉西王国的统治者及安提哥那王朝的战争削弱了他在爱琴海的势力，并带给其同盟雅典和斯巴达也惨遭战祸。他用外交和联姻手段结束了这些战争，并成功重获他在爱琴海的影响力。他设法画出一种领土缓冲地带来使埃及免于袭击，并透过外交和对手周旋。托勒密二世是个谨慎和开明的统治者，促进经济发展，使得亚历山大里亚成为诗人和学术研究中心。\n\n请问托勒密二世是埃及哪个王朝的国王？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，托勒密二世是托勒密王朝的国王。他于西元前308年出生，成为了该王朝的第二任国王，他在西元前285年至西元前246年期间为埃及国王。" + "根据提供的信息，托勒密二世是托勒密王朝的国王。他于西元前308年出生，成为了该王朝的第二任国王，他在西元前285年至西元前246年期间为埃及国王。" ], [ "在他的统治时期，托勒密二世有哪些显著的政治举措？", @@ -267019,7 +267019,7 @@ "history": [ [ "水母体medusa刺胞动物两种主要体型之一，也是水母的主要的体型。因其触须与希腊女妖怪梅杜莎的蛇发很像而取名。体钟形或伞形。中央有一垂管，其下端有口。口通入消化腔，消化腔伸出辐管通到伞的外缘。这种体型能自由游泳，肌肉有节律地收缩，产生对水的缓慢的推力，靠反作用力而游动。刺胞动物的另一体型是水螅体。\n\n请问水母体（medusa）是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。水母体是刺胞动物的两种主要体型之一，也是水母的主要体型。它的形状呈钟形或伞形，因其触须与希腊女妖怪梅杜莎的蛇发相像而得名。水母体具有自由游泳的能力，依靠肌肉节律性收缩来产生缓慢的推力，并靠反作用力游动。刺胞动物的另一种体型是水螅体。" + "水母体是刺胞动物的两种主要体型之一，也是水母的主要体型。它的形状呈钟形或伞形，因其触须与希腊女妖怪梅杜莎的蛇发相像而得名。水母体具有自由游泳的能力，依靠肌肉节律性收缩来产生缓慢的推力，并靠反作用力游动。刺胞动物的另一种体型是水螅体。" ], [ "能否详细介绍一下水母体的消化系统？", @@ -267152,7 +267152,7 @@ "history": [ [ "葛伦克罗丝1947年～Close, Glenn美国演员。生于美国康乃迪克州的格林威治（Greenwich）。她于1974年在百老汇首度登台演出，之后并主演下列舞台剧：《巴纳姆》（Barnum, 1980）、《真实事件》（The Real Thing, 1984，获东尼奖），和《死亡与少女》（Death and the Maiden, 1992，获东尼奖）。她在电影界的首部作品是《盖普眼中的世界》（The World According to Garp, 1982），之后并在下列影片中演出：《天赋》（The Natural, 1984）、《致命的吸引力》（Fatal Attraction, 1987）、《危险关系》（Dangerous Liaisons, 1989）和《天堂路》（Paradise Road, 1997）。她并重返百老汇演出《日落大道》（Sunset Boulevard, 1995，获东尼奖）。\n\n请问格伦·克洛斯是从什么时候开始在百老汇登台演出的？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，格伦·克洛斯（Glenn Close）是从1974年开始在百老汇（Broadway）登台演出的。这标志着她在舞台剧领域的职业生涯的开端。" + "根据提供的信息，格伦·克洛斯（Glenn Close）是从1974年开始在百老汇（Broadway）登台演出的。这标志着她在舞台剧领域的职业生涯的开端。" ], [ "有哪些著名的舞台剧和电影作品？", @@ -267426,7 +267426,7 @@ "history": [ [ "贝伦斯1868～1940年Behrens, Peter德国建筑师。1903年任杜塞尔多夫工艺学校校长。1907年成为大型企业通用电气公司的产品艺术顾问。1909～1912年设计的带连绵的玻璃帷幕墙的透平车间（在柏林）成为当时德国最壮观的建筑物。他是现代主义最具影响的先驱，当时格罗皮厄斯、科比意和密斯范德罗厄都曾在他的设计室工作。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我贝伦斯在哪个时期活动的吗？", - "你好，Human！贝伦斯（Peter Behrens）活动的时期是在1868年到1940年之间。他是一位德国建筑师，对现代主义建筑产生了深远的影响。如果你有关于他的其他问题，请随时提问。" + "贝伦斯（Peter Behrens）活动的时期是在1868年到1940年之间。他是一位德国建筑师，对现代主义建筑产生了深远的影响。如果你有关于他的其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "了解了，那么他在哪个公司担任艺术顾问，以及在这个职位上是从什么时候到什么时候呢？", @@ -267464,7 +267464,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴西利卡basilica原为古罗马一种世俗的公共建筑物，通常是一座大型长方形建筑，里面有一开放式大厅，在一端或两端设有高台。一种形式是中间为大厅，两侧为列柱廊，平台的那端是一个后堂。早期基督教徒采用这种形式当作教堂。早期基督教的巴西利卡形式为柱子和较低的侧廊（带有拱顶或檐部）之间以中堂隔开，其上有高侧窗的墙面以支撑屋顶。长型中堂经由一个短型耳堂而与后堂相交，构成十字形的平面，这种形式成为标准的教堂形式，一直维持到现在。「巴西利卡」也是一种荣誉头衔，专门颁给一种天主教或希腊正教的教堂，这种教堂以年代久远或是国际崇拜的中心而与众不同。亦请参阅cathedral。\n\n我刚刚了解了一些关于巴西利卡的信息，想请教你一些问题。首先，请问巴西利卡在古罗马时期的主要功能是什么？", - "你好，Human！很高兴能为你解答关于巴西利卡的问题。在古罗马时期，巴西利卡主要是一种世俗的公共建筑物，通常用作大型长方形建筑的开放式大厅。它们一般设有一个高台，可以用来进行法庭审判、商业交易和其他公共活动。这种建筑风格后来被早期基督教徒采用，作为教堂的建筑形式。" + "很高兴能为你解答关于巴西利卡的问题。在古罗马时期，巴西利卡主要是一种世俗的公共建筑物，通常用作大型长方形建筑的开放式大厅。它们一般设有一个高台，可以用来进行法庭审判、商业交易和其他公共活动。这种建筑风格后来被早期基督教徒采用，作为教堂的建筑形式。" ] ] }, @@ -267580,7 +267580,7 @@ "history": [ [ "内卡河Neckar River德国东南部河流。发源于多瑙河源头附近的黑森林，全长367公里。它向北流后转向西北，穿过斯图加特。风景优美的河谷变得越来越宽、越来越深，穿过山顶有封建时代城堡的丘陵地带。经过海德堡后，在曼海姆汇入莱茵河。\n\n你好，请问德国东南部有哪条风景优美的河流？", - "你好，Human！德国东南部有一条名叫内卡河（Neckar River）的美丽河流。它发源于多瑙河源头附近的黑森林，全长367公里，流经许多如斯图加特、海德堡等历史名城。" + "德国东南部有一条名叫内卡河（Neckar River）的美丽河流。它发源于多瑙河源头附近的黑森林，全长367公里，流经许多如斯图加特、海德堡等历史名城。" ], [ "内卡河在哪个方向变得越来越宽、越来越深？", @@ -268056,7 +268056,7 @@ "history": [ [ "感恩节Thanksgiving Day美国假日。始于1621年秋天，在印第安人的帮助下，普里茅斯的移民获得了丰收，其总督布莱德福（W Bradford）邀请印第安人举行了三天狂欢活动以感谢上天的慷慨恩赐。1863年被正式成为国定假日，定于11月的第四个星期四。传统的感恩节食物为「新世界的食物」（火鸡和南瓜馅饼）。加拿大于1879年11月首次庆祝感恩节，现将其定为10月的第二个星期一。\n\n你好，请问感恩节是美国的什么时候开始的？", - "你好，Human。感恩节这个美国传统节日起源于1621年的秋天。当时，在印第安人的帮助下，普里茅斯的移民获得了丰收，为了感谢上天的慷慨恩赐，总督布莱德福邀请印第安人举行了三天的狂欢活动。这就是感恩节的起源。" + "感恩节这个美国传统节日起源于1621年的秋天。当时，在印第安人的帮助下，普里茅斯的移民获得了丰收，为了感谢上天的慷慨恩赐，总督布莱德福邀请印第安人举行了三天的狂欢活动。这就是感恩节的起源。" ], [ "感恩节后来是怎么成为一个国定假日的？", @@ -268121,7 +268121,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴思1930年～Barth, John原名John Simmons, Jr美国作家，生于马里兰州的剑桥。在马里兰州东海岸长大成人，大部分作品亦描写此地。1953年开始在约翰霍普金斯大学任教。他的《迷失在游乐园中》（1968）由试验性的短文组成。他的着名小说有《流动的歌剧》（1956）、《路的尽头》（1958）、《烟草代理商》（1960）、《山羊孩子贾尔斯》（1966）和《潮水的故事》（1987）。他的小说将辛辣的讽刺，犀利、粗俗的幽默与深奥、复杂的哲理融为一体。\n\n请问，John Barth是谁？", - "你好，Human。John Barth，全名John Simmons, Jr，是一位美国作家。他生于马里兰州的剑桥，并在马里兰州东海岸长大。John Barth的作品主要以他在马里兰州东海岸的成长经历为背景。他曾在约翰霍普金斯大学任教，从1953年开始。他的作品风格独特，融合了辛辣的讽刺、犀利、粗俗的幽默以及深奥、复杂的哲理。" + "John Barth，全名John Simmons, Jr，是一位美国作家。他生于马里兰州的剑桥，并在马里兰州东海岸长大。John Barth的作品主要以他在马里兰州东海岸的成长经历为背景。他曾在约翰霍普金斯大学任教，从1953年开始。他的作品风格独特，融合了辛辣的讽刺、犀利、粗俗的幽默以及深奥、复杂的哲理。" ], [ "请列举一下John Barth的一些著名作品。", @@ -268159,7 +268159,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赫罗兹尼1879～1952年Hrozny, Bedrich捷克考古学家和语言学者，他是第一位破译楔形文字西台语的人，开辟了近东古代史的重要研究途径。在《西台语与印欧语系之关系》（1915）一书中，他争辩西台语（参阅Anatolian languages）属于印欧诸语言之一。他坚持其主张翻译许多西台文献。1925年率领考古队赴土耳其，发掘了卡尼什古城。\n\n请问赫罗兹尼是谁？", - "你好，Human！赫罗兹尼（Bedřich Hrozný，1879～1952年）是一位捷克的考古学家和语言学者。他的重要贡献在于，他成为第一个破译楔形文字西台语的人，为研究近东古代历史开辟了新途径。" + "赫罗兹尼（Bedřich Hrozný，1879～1952年）是一位捷克的考古学家和语言学者。他的重要贡献在于，他成为第一个破译楔形文字西台语的人，为研究近东古代历史开辟了新途径。" ], [ "那么关于赫罗兹尼的研究成果，能否详细介绍一下？", @@ -268382,7 +268382,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乌戎潘当Ujung Pandang印尼南苏拉维西省城市。16世纪葡萄牙人到来时。这里已是繁荣的港埠，荷兰人于1607年在此建商站。该市也是周围地区物资集散中心。设有哈桑努丁大学（1956）。人口1,092,000（1995）。\n\n我想了解一下印尼南苏拉维西省的城市乌戎潘当（Ujung Pandang），这个城市有什么特点？", - "你好，Human！乌戎潘当（Ujung Pandang）是印尼南苏拉维西省的一个城市。在16世纪葡萄牙人到来时，这里已经是一个繁荣的港口。1607年荷兰人在此建立了商业贸易站点，使得乌戎潘当的地位得到了进一步稳固。如今，该市是周围地区的物资集散中心，同时也拥有哈桑努丁大学，这所大学成立于1956年。根据1995年的统计，乌戎潘当的人口为1,092,000。作为一个历史悠久的城市，乌戎潘当无疑具有丰富的历史文化底蕴。" + "乌戎潘当（Ujung Pandang）是印尼南苏拉维西省的一个城市。在16世纪葡萄牙人到来时，这里已经是一个繁荣的港口。1607年荷兰人在此建立了商业贸易站点，使得乌戎潘当的地位得到了进一步稳固。如今，该市是周围地区的物资集散中心，同时也拥有哈桑努丁大学，这所大学成立于1956年。根据1995年的统计，乌戎潘当的人口为1,092,000。作为一个历史悠久的城市，乌戎潘当无疑具有丰富的历史文化底蕴。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍。能否告诉我一下哈桑努丁大学有哪些专业和研究领域？", @@ -268515,7 +268515,7 @@ "history": [ [ "变压器transformer将一个交流电电路的电能传输给另一个或几个电路，并提高或降低电压的器件。变压器可用来降低电力线路的电压提供给低电压工作的装置（如门铃或电动玩具火车）；升高来自发电机的电压以进行远距离输电。变压器通过电磁感应来工作；初极线圈里的电流感应出次级线圈里的电流。初级电压乘以次级线圈与初级线圈的匝数比就得到次级电压。\n\n你好，请问什么是变压器？", - "你好，Human，变压器是一种器件，它可以将一个交流电电路的电能传输给另一个或几个电路，并提高或降低电压。变压器的运作基于电磁感应原理，通过初级线圈产生的磁场来感应次级线圈产生电流。初级电压乘以次级线圈与初级线圈的匝数比就得到次级电压。" + "变压器是一种器件，它可以将一个交流电电路的电能传输给另一个或几个电路，并提高或降低电压。变压器的运作基于电磁感应原理，通过初级线圈产生的磁场来感应次级线圈产生电流。初级电压乘以次级线圈与初级线圈的匝数比就得到次级电压。" ], [ "变压器有哪些应用场景呢？", @@ -268639,7 +268639,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哈登贝格1750～1822年Hardenberg, Karl August, Fürst (Prince) von普鲁士政治家，曾在拿破仑战争期间维护普鲁士的完整。1798年博得威廉三世的青睐，1804～1806年出任外交部长。普鲁士在反法战争（1806～1807）中失败，在拿破仑命令下，哈登贝格被迫退出政治生涯。1810年当普鲁士必须面对破产和付不出战争赔偿时，拿破仑同意哈登贝格复职，成为握有实权的首相。他继续施泰因提出的国内改革和自由财政、经济和农业政策。在外交方面，于1813年与俄国建交，1814～1815年他代表普鲁士参加在巴黎和维也纳举行的和平谈判。\n\n请问哈登贝格在1798年是如何得到威廉三世的青睐的？", - "你好，Human！虽然上述信息没有提供详细关于哈登贝格如何具体得到威廉三世青睐的信息，但我们可以推测这源于他的政治才能和外交技巧。哈登贝格在普鲁士政治生涯中表现出色，因此得到了威廉三世的认可。如需了解更多信息，我建议您查找与哈登贝格关系更为详细的资料。" + "虽然上述信息没有提供详细关于哈登贝格如何具体得到威廉三世青睐的信息，但我们可以推测这源于他的政治才能和外交技巧。哈登贝格在普鲁士政治生涯中表现出色，因此得到了威廉三世的认可。如需了解更多信息，我建议您查找与哈登贝格关系更为详细的资料。" ], [ "当初普鲁士在反法战争（1806～1807）中失败，哈登贝格是如何被迫退出政治生涯的？", @@ -268746,7 +268746,7 @@ "history": [ [ "轧制rolling在工艺学中，使被熔化的金属、玻璃或其他物质成为截面尺寸小于长度的形状（如加工成棒、板、杆、钢轨、梁和线材等）的主要成形方法。轧制是应用最广的金属成形方法，对制钢尤为重要。生产工艺是使金属在若干对轧棍间通过，每对轧棍的转速相同，但转动方向相反，其间隙稍小于金属的厚度。\n\n你好，请问轧制是什么？", - "你好，Human！轧制是一种常见的金属成形方法，主要应用于将被熔化的金属、玻璃或其他物质加工成截面尺寸小于长度的形状。这种成形方法广泛应用于生产钢材，包括棒、板、杆、钢轨、梁和线材等形状的制品。其工艺原理是使金属在一系列的轧棍间通过，这些轧棍具有相同的转速但转动方向相反，其间隙稍小于金属的厚度，从而达到改变金属截面尺寸和厚度的目的。" + "轧制是一种常见的金属成形方法，主要应用于将被熔化的金属、玻璃或其他物质加工成截面尺寸小于长度的形状。这种成形方法广泛应用于生产钢材，包括棒、板、杆、钢轨、梁和线材等形状的制品。其工艺原理是使金属在一系列的轧棍间通过，这些轧棍具有相同的转速但转动方向相反，其间隙稍小于金属的厚度，从而达到改变金属截面尺寸和厚度的目的。" ], [ "请告诉我轧制过程的优点和缺点。", @@ -269141,7 +269141,7 @@ "history": [ [ "象牙雕刻ivory carving将象牙制成装饰品或实用性器物，象牙的使用可追溯到史前时代。石器时代象牙大部分在法国南部出土。早期实品所采取的形式为小尊裸女像和动物雕刻。早期的埃及牙雕杰作中是古夫小雕像，即吉萨金字塔的建造者之像。中国的象牙雕刻品已经在商朝（西元前16世纪～西元前11世纪）帝王陵墓中被发掘出来。在日本，象牙雕刻的主要艺术用途是在于制作形似坠子的「根付」，这种物品为男性服饰中不可或缺的佩饰。早期爱斯基摩人将海象牙制作不同的实用物品，如桶柄、鱼叉柄和针盒等。他们在这些物品上蚀刻由细线条组成几何或弯曲优美的图形。亦请参阅scrimshaw。\n\n你好，请问象牙雕刻这个工艺是怎么发展起来的？", - "你好，Human。根据所提供的信息，象牙雕刻可以追溯到史前时代，开始于石器时代。早期的象牙雕刻大部分出土于法国南部。最初，这个工艺主要用于制作小尊裸女像和动物雕刻。随着时间的发展，象牙雕刻技术在世界各地得到了传播和发展，例如古埃及、中国商朝以及日本等地，不同文化都有自己独特的象牙雕刻风格。通过多年的发展和传承，这一工艺逐渐变得越来越精湛，成为了一项高度认可的艺术形式。" + "根据所提供的信息，象牙雕刻可以追溯到史前时代，开始于石器时代。早期的象牙雕刻大部分出土于法国南部。最初，这个工艺主要用于制作小尊裸女像和动物雕刻。随着时间的发展，象牙雕刻技术在世界各地得到了传播和发展，例如古埃及、中国商朝以及日本等地，不同文化都有自己独特的象牙雕刻风格。通过多年的发展和传承，这一工艺逐渐变得越来越精湛，成为了一项高度认可的艺术形式。" ], [ "在日本，象牙雕刻主要用于制作什么呢？", @@ -269236,7 +269236,7 @@ "history": [ [ "心理学psychology研究人类和动物心理过程和行为的科学。心理学的字面意思是「对心理的研究」，重点放在个人和群体行为上。临床心理学和精神疾患的诊断和治疗有关。心理学的其他专门领域包括儿童心理学、教育心理学、运动心理学、社会心理学和比较心理学。心理学家研究的课题涉及广阔的范围，包括学习、认知、智力、动机、情绪、知觉、人格以及个体差异被遗传或环境影响的程度。在心理学研究中使用的方法包括观察、面谈、心理测试、实验和资料分析。\n\n你好，请问什么是心理学？", - "你好，Human。心理学是一门研究人类和动物心理过程和行为的科学。它关注个人和群体行为，在此基础上探讨诸如学习、认知、智力、动机、情绪、知觉、人格以及个体差异受遗传或环境影响程度等课题。心理学家运用观察、面谈、心理测试、实验和资料分析等多种研究方法。" + "心理学是一门研究人类和动物心理过程和行为的科学。它关注个人和群体行为，在此基础上探讨诸如学习、认知、智力、动机、情绪、知觉、人格以及个体差异受遗传或环境影响程度等课题。心理学家运用观察、面谈、心理测试、实验和资料分析等多种研究方法。" ], [ "请告诉我心理学的不同领域以及它们的关注点。", @@ -269853,7 +269853,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海尔Hel在古斯堪的那维亚神话中，原指冥界，后成为死亡女神的名字。她是洛基的女儿。她的王国叫作尼弗尔海姆或黑暗世界，分成几个部分。这里有一座城堡，里面尽是蛇毒，杀人犯、奸夫、伪誓者都要在这里受折磨，一条叫尼德霍格的龙从他们身上把血吸走。据说，上战场阵亡者不入海尔，而是去瓦尔哈拉。\n\n你好，请问根据上面的内容，海尔在古斯堪的那维亚神话中具有什么作用？", - "你好，Human！在古斯堪的那维亚神话中，海尔是死亡女神，负责管理冥界。她的王国叫作尼弗尔海姆或黑暗世界，这个地方是为那些作恶多端的人准备的，如杀人犯、奸夫、伪誓者等。这些人会在这里受到折磨，例如，被一条名叫尼德霍格的龙吸血。而那些勇敢的战士则会前往瓦尔哈拉，与英勇的战士共享荣耀。" + "在古斯堪的那维亚神话中，海尔是死亡女神，负责管理冥界。她的王国叫作尼弗尔海姆或黑暗世界，这个地方是为那些作恶多端的人准备的，如杀人犯、奸夫、伪誓者等。这些人会在这里受到折磨，例如，被一条名叫尼德霍格的龙吸血。而那些勇敢的战士则会前往瓦尔哈拉，与英勇的战士共享荣耀。" ], [ "洛基是海尔的父亲，那么他的身份是什么？", @@ -270367,7 +270367,7 @@ "history": [ [ "南岛诸语言Austronesian languages旧称马来－玻里尼西亚诸语言（Malayo-Polynesian languages）约含一千两百种语言，通行于印尼、菲律宾、马达加斯加、太平洋群岛中南部（不包括新几内亚的大部分地区；参阅Papuan languages）、东南亚大陆的部分地区和台湾，使用人口超过两亿人。欧洲殖民扩张以前，它是通行范围最广的语系。此语系以起源来划分，把台湾的南岛语和其他语言分开，主要分为西马来－玻里尼西亚语和中东马来－玻里尼西亚语。西马来－玻里尼西亚语包括爪哇语，使用者约七千六百万人，占所有南岛语使用者的1/3。东马来－玻里尼西亚语包含大洋洲语（是南岛诸语言最明确的语支），并涵盖几乎所有的玻里尼西亚、密克罗尼西亚和美拉尼西亚的语言。对南岛诸语进行分类概括很困难，因为此语言的数量多且差异大，尽管实词都趋向双音节，母音和辅音都很有限，尤其是玻里尼西亚语。源自东南亚的手稿文字记录保存了古爪哇语和占语（占婆王国的语言）等几种语言。\n\n请问南岛诸语言是在哪些地区使用较为广泛的？", - "你好，Human！南岛诸语言主要通行于印尼、菲律宾、马达加斯加、太平洋群岛中南部（不包括新几内亚的大部分地区，参阅Papuan languages）、东南亚大陆的部分地区和台湾。使用人口超过两亿人。南岛诸语言在这些地区有着广泛的影响。" + "南岛诸语言主要通行于印尼、菲律宾、马达加斯加、太平洋群岛中南部（不包括新几内亚的大部分地区，参阅Papuan languages）、东南亚大陆的部分地区和台湾。使用人口超过两亿人。南岛诸语言在这些地区有着广泛的影响。" ], [ "请问南岛诸语言的主要分类是如何划分的？", @@ -270760,7 +270760,7 @@ "history": [ [ "夸扣特尔人Kwakiutl加拿大温哥华岛沿岸及与之相对的大陆沿岸地区的西北海岸区印第安人，操瓦卡什语（Wakashan）。传统上，夸扣特尔人主要靠捕鱼为生，擅长木工。社会分等级，主要由继承决定。有繁缛的「散财宴」仪式，常常与唱歌跳舞结合在一起，把祖先的经验与超自然的存在加以戏剧化。他们还以高度风格化的艺术（包括图腾柱）着称。现在人数约4,000人。\n\n请问夸扣特尔人（Kwakiutl）主要居住在哪里？", - "你好，Human！夸扣特尔人主要分布在加拿大温哥华岛沿岸及与之相对的大陆沿岸地区的西北海岸区。这个地理位置使他们能够充分利用丰富的海洋资源，如渔业。" + "夸扣特尔人主要分布在加拿大温哥华岛沿岸及与之相对的大陆沿岸地区的西北海岸区。这个地理位置使他们能够充分利用丰富的海洋资源，如渔业。" ], [ "他们主要讲什么语言？", @@ -270833,7 +270833,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沃尔德1906～1997年Wald, George美国生物化学家。他发现维生素A是视网膜感光色素的重要成分。1934年到哈佛大学任教。研究了杆状细胞在视觉过程中的化学反应。他和布朗又发现了色盲是由于缺少某种感光色素所致。与哈特兰和格拉尼特共获1967年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。\n\n请问沃尔德是谁？", - "你好，Human！沃尔德（George Wald）是一位美国生物化学家，出生于1906年，逝世于1997年。他的主要贡献是发现维生素A在视网膜感光色素中起着重要作用。他曾在1934年加入哈佛大学任教。沃尔德还研究了杆状细胞在视觉过程中的化学反应，并与布朗共同发现色盲是由于缺少某种感光色素所致。因为他在生物化学方面的成就，他与哈特兰和格拉尼特共同获得了1967年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。" + "沃尔德（George Wald）是一位美国生物化学家，出生于1906年，逝世于1997年。他的主要贡献是发现维生素A在视网膜感光色素中起着重要作用。他曾在1934年加入哈佛大学任教。沃尔德还研究了杆状细胞在视觉过程中的化学反应，并与布朗共同发现色盲是由于缺少某种感光色素所致。因为他在生物化学方面的成就，他与哈特兰和格拉尼特共同获得了1967年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。" ], [ "请告诉我关于维生素A在视网膜感光色素中的作用。", @@ -271024,7 +271024,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡兹奇山脉Catskill Mountains美国纽约州东南部阿帕拉契山脉一部分。东和北以摩和克河和哈得逊河两河谷为界。许多山峰高逾900公尺，最高峰为斯莱德山（海拔1,281公尺）。山区内有许多风景名胜，并有人工湖多处，是纽约都会区的重要水源。此山脉也因欧文（W Irving）所写的《李伯大梦》故事而闻名，据说李伯一睡二十年的地方就是在卡兹奇镇附近。\n\n请问卡兹奇山脉位于哪个州？", - "你好Human！卡兹奇山脉位于美国纽约州东南部，是阿帕拉契山脉的一部分。这里是一个风景优美和富有历史文化的山区。" + "卡兹奇山脉位于美国纽约州东南部，是阿帕拉契山脉的一部分。这里是一个风景优美和富有历史文化的山区。" ], [ "这个山脉有多高？", @@ -271154,7 +271154,7 @@ "history": [ [ "惹内1910～1986年Genet, Jean法国小说家和剧作家。是一个被母亲遗弃的私生子。十岁即因偷窃被关进监狱，此时开始写作。他的第一部小说是《繁花圣母》（1944）描述了充斥着凶手、老鸨和骗徒的下层社会。《玫瑰奇蹟》（1945～1946）以他在声名狼藉的感化院中度过的少年时光为背景。《窃贼日记》（1949）详述了他那段沦为流浪汉、扒手和男妓的生活。他成为前卫戏剧的主要人物，作品有《女仆》（1947）、《阳台》（1956）和《黑人》（1958）等，都是以表现主义为手法的大型风格化讽刺剧，以揭露在剥削社会中的伪善和共谋来震撼并暗示观众。他受到存在主义者的赞赏，沙特所写的钜着《圣惹内》（1952），就是恭维他的一部传记。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我关于让·热内的一些简要信息吗？", - "你好，Human! 让·热内（1910-1986）是一位法国小说家和剧作家。他是一个被母亲遗弃的私生子，从小生活在社会底层。十岁时因偷窃被关入监狱，并在那时开始写作。他的作品主要描述社会底层的生活和罪犯群体，借由对人性的挖掘来揭示社会剥削制度中的伪善和共谋。他的作品受到存在主义者的赞赏，如萨特所写的《圣热内》就是以他为主题的传记。" + "让·热内（1910-1986）是一位法国小说家和剧作家。他是一个被母亲遗弃的私生子，从小生活在社会底层。十岁时因偷窃被关入监狱，并在那时开始写作。他的作品主要描述社会底层的生活和罪犯群体，借由对人性的挖掘来揭示社会剥削制度中的伪善和共谋。他的作品受到存在主义者的赞赏，如萨特所写的《圣热内》就是以他为主题的传记。" ], [ "那他的一些著名作品有哪些呢？", @@ -271234,7 +271234,7 @@ "history": [ [ "药物成瘾drug addiction亦作药物依赖性（chemical dependency）。服用某种对神经系统有特殊作用的药物（如麻醉剂、酒精或尼古丁）后，在躯体上和（或）精神上对其产生的依赖，患者虽然明知会造成伤害，但还是继续使用。躯体依赖性是由于反覆摄入，使机体对该种物质的耐受性和吸收能力愈来愈高，因此患者必须增加服用剂量，方能达到他所期望的效果。如果不增加服用剂量，就会产生戒断症状。精神性依赖可能与人的心理性格有较多的关系，有些人可能有遗传倾向容易成瘾。最常见的成瘾性药物是酒精、巴比妥酸盐、安定剂和苯异丙胺，还有会引起兴奋的尼古丁和咖啡因。初期治疗必须在医院的严格监督下进行。个人和团体的心理治疗也可发挥重要作用。支援团体，如嗜酒者互戒协会，在治疗酗酒方面已取得很大成功。实际上，能够承认自己服用毒品并决心改正，这是保证任何一种解毒治疗得以成功的最重要前提。\n\n根据上述关于药物成瘾的信息，能告诉我药物成瘾的定义和表现吗？", - "你好，Human！药物成瘾，也称药物依赖性（chemical dependency），指的是当人们服用具有特殊神经系统作用的药物（如麻醉剂、酒精或尼古丁）后，在躯体上和（或）精神上对其产生的依赖。尽管患者明知会对身体造成伤害，但仍难以停止使用。它主要表现为躯体依赖性和精神性依赖。躯体依赖性是指患者需要不断增加药物剂量才能达到期望效果，若不增加剂量则会出现戒断症状。精神性依赖则可能与心理性格和遗传倾向等因素有关。" + "药物成瘾，也称药物依赖性（chemical dependency），指的是当人们服用具有特殊神经系统作用的药物（如麻醉剂、酒精或尼古丁）后，在躯体上和（或）精神上对其产生的依赖。尽管患者明知会对身体造成伤害，但仍难以停止使用。它主要表现为躯体依赖性和精神性依赖。躯体依赖性是指患者需要不断增加药物剂量才能达到期望效果，若不增加剂量则会出现戒断症状。精神性依赖则可能与心理性格和遗传倾向等因素有关。" ], [ "能具体介绍一下最常见的成瘾性药物吗？", @@ -271501,7 +271501,7 @@ "history": [ [ "亨森1936～1990年Henson, Jim原名James Maury美国木偶戏演员和制作人。在大学就读时，就在一家电视台举办了一个木偶戏节目，创造「布偶」（Muppet）这个词（提线木偶和木偶的混合体）。1960年代他制作电视广告。1969年儿童电视制片厂的节目《芝麻街》开始播出一些布偶角色，受到国人的欢迎。在英国制作的《布偶节目》于1976年首映后，赢得了全世界观众的喜爱（在约一百个国家中放映）。他也制作、编导了影片《布偶电影》（1979）及续集。他因罹患肺炎而过世，打断其事业。\n\n我想了解一下Jim Henson，请问他是谁？", - "你好，Human。Jim Henson，全名James Maury Henson（1936-1990），是一位美国木偶戏演员和制作人。他在大学就读时，在一家电视台举办了一个木偶戏节目，并创造了“布偶”（Muppet）这个词，它是提线木偶和木偶的混合体。后来，他成功地将布偶引入到各种电视节目和电影中，受到许多人的喜爱。" + "Jim Henson，全名James Maury Henson（1936-1990），是一位美国木偶戏演员和制作人。他在大学就读时，在一家电视台举办了一个木偶戏节目，并创造了“布偶”（Muppet）这个词，它是提线木偶和木偶的混合体。后来，他成功地将布偶引入到各种电视节目和电影中，受到许多人的喜爱。" ], [ "Jim Henson在哪些电视节目或电影中有突出表现？", @@ -271520,7 +271520,7 @@ "history": [ [ "联邦储蓄保险公司Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (FDIC)美国政府的独立公司，它受权对合格银行内的存款进行保险，以防银行破产时存款受损失，并受权管理某些银行业务。成立于1933年初银行日后，联邦储蓄保险公司试图藉此来恢复大众对这种制度的信心。它保障合格银行的存款，每一笔存款的上限可至十万美元。所有联邦准备系统的会员银行必须加入这种保险，而几乎所有在美国注册的商业银行也都参加了这项保险计画。\n\n请问联邦储蓄保险公司（FDIC）是什么？", - "你好，Human。联邦储蓄保险公司（FDIC）是美国政府的一家独立公司，其主要职能是对合格银行的存款提供保险，保障 depositor 在银行破产时存款不受损失。同时，FDIC还负责管理一些银行业务。该公司成立于1933年，旨在恢复大众对银行制度的信心。" + "联邦储蓄保险公司（FDIC）是美国政府的一家独立公司，其主要职能是对合格银行的存款提供保险，保障 depositor 在银行破产时存款不受损失。同时，FDIC还负责管理一些银行业务。该公司成立于1933年，旨在恢复大众对银行制度的信心。" ], [ "FDIC提供的存款保险有什么限制吗？", @@ -271630,7 +271630,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布罗茨基1940～1996年Brodsky, Joseph原名Iosip Aleksandrovich Brodsky俄裔美国诗人。因其不羁的心灵和无定的工作记录导致他被苏联当局判处五年劳役。1972年布罗茨基遭苏联驱逐出境，后定居纽约。为1991～1992年美国桂冠诗人。布罗茨基的诗抒发个人的感受，并以一种沈思而有力的形式处理对生、死和生存意义的普遍关注。他的诗集包括《部分言辞》（1980）、《二十世纪史》（1986）和《致乌拉尼亚》（1988）。1987年获诺贝尔奖。\n\n你好，请问你了解约瑟夫·布罗茨基吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解约瑟夫·布罗茨基，他的原名是Iosip Aleksandrovich Brodsky，是一位俄裔美国诗人。他生活在1940至1996年之间。因为他不羁的心灵和无定的工作记录，曾被苏联当局判处五年劳役。1972年，布罗茨基被苏联驱逐出境，之后他定居纽约。他曾担任1991至1992年美国桂冠诗人，并在1987年获得诺贝尔奖。" + "我了解约瑟夫·布罗茨基，他的原名是Iosip Aleksandrovich Brodsky，是一位俄裔美国诗人。他生活在1940至1996年之间。因为他不羁的心灵和无定的工作记录，曾被苏联当局判处五年劳役。1972年，布罗茨基被苏联驱逐出境，之后他定居纽约。他曾担任1991至1992年美国桂冠诗人，并在1987年获得诺贝尔奖。" ], [ "他的诗歌风格是怎样的？", @@ -271756,7 +271756,7 @@ "history": [ [ "比萨斜塔Leaning Tower of Pisa义大利比萨的一座白色大理石钟塔，由于基座不平均沈降造成偏离垂直方向55（约45公尺），使它名扬天下。钟塔是比萨市大教堂建筑群中第三座也是最后一座工程，1173年开始兴建，设计高度为56公尺。工程师们为了寻求解决方案而停建过几次；14世纪终于还是在倾斜状态下完工。它每年还以12公厘的速度继续倾斜，一直处于倒塌的危险中。1990年关闭，让工程师们采取强化措施，使倾斜度减少44公分，减到只倾斜约41公尺。2001年5月完成了这项工程。\n\n请问比萨斜塔的建成经历了什么样的过程？", - "你好，Human！比萨斜塔的建设过程可谓波折重重。这座钟塔位于意大利比萨市，是大教堂建筑群中的第三座，也是最后一座建筑。它的建设始于1173年，设计高度为56米。由于基座不均匀沉降，导致塔身倾斜。工程师们先后几次停工，以寻求解决此问题的方法。最终，在14世纪，虽然塔仍然是倾斜的，但终于完工了。" + "比萨斜塔的建设过程可谓波折重重。这座钟塔位于意大利比萨市，是大教堂建筑群中的第三座，也是最后一座建筑。它的建设始于1173年，设计高度为56米。由于基座不均匀沉降，导致塔身倾斜。工程师们先后几次停工，以寻求解决此问题的方法。最终，在14世纪，虽然塔仍然是倾斜的，但终于完工了。" ], [ "过去几十年来，这座塔的倾斜度有何变化？", @@ -271878,7 +271878,7 @@ "history": [ [ "矛头蛇fer-de-lance蛇科响尾蛇亚科洞蛇属极毒蛇类，遍布美洲热带各种生境，从耕地到热带森林。头宽大，呈三角形，一般体长12～2公尺。灰色或褐色，满布黑边的棱形花纹，花纹之间的交界处颜色略淡。人被咬伤可能致命。矛头蛇一名有时泛指中、南美洲的洞蛇属和亚洲的竹叶青蛇属（Trimeresurus）的各种毒蛇。\n\n你好，请问矛头蛇通常生活在哪里？", - "你好，Human！矛头蛇主要遍布于美洲热带地区。它们可以在各种生境中找到，从耕地到热带森林。矛头蛇是一种生活在多种环境中的蛇类。" + "矛头蛇主要遍布于美洲热带地区。它们可以在各种生境中找到，从耕地到热带森林。矛头蛇是一种生活在多种环境中的蛇类。" ], [ "这种蛇的形态特点是什么？", @@ -272667,7 +272667,7 @@ "history": [ [ "古气候学paleoclimatology亦作palaeoclimatology对过去地质时期长期气候状况的科学研究。古气候学家试图解释自地球形成以来，地球上各个部分在特定的地质时期的气候变化。基本的研究资料主要取自于地质学和古生物学，并大致依照天文学、大气物理学、气象学和地球物理学来推理解释。\n\n你好，请问古气候学是研究什么的？", - "你好，Human！古气候学，也可以叫做paleoclimatology或palaeoclimatology，是对过去地质时期长期气候状况的科学研究。古气候学家试图解释自地球形成以来，地球上各个部分在特定的地质时期的气候变化。这门学科涉及到地质学和古生物学等多个领域，通常会依照天文学、大气物理学、气象学和地球物理学的知识来推理解释。" + "古气候学，也可以叫做paleoclimatology或palaeoclimatology，是对过去地质时期长期气候状况的科学研究。古气候学家试图解释自地球形成以来，地球上各个部分在特定的地质时期的气候变化。这门学科涉及到地质学和古生物学等多个领域，通常会依照天文学、大气物理学、气象学和地球物理学的知识来推理解释。" ], [ "古气候学研究的主要资料来源是什么？", @@ -273010,7 +273010,7 @@ "history": [ [ "聋deafness部分或全部失听的一种病理状态。主要分两种︰一、传导性聋。外部世界到内耳（inner ear）神经细胞之间的声音振动通路中断。如耵聍堵塞外耳道、镫骨固定不能将声波传导到内耳。二、神经性聋。由于内耳感觉细胞损伤（如过度噪声造成的伤害）或前庭耳蜗神经损伤，妨碍了携带声音讯息的神经冲动由内耳传导到脑内的听中枢，亦可能为功能性的（如歇斯底里性）。有些聋人可藉助听器（hearing aid）或耳蜗嵌入器来帮助听力，其他可藉学习手语（sign language）或读唇来和人沟通。\n\n你好。请问失聪的根本原因是什么？", - "你好，Human。失聪的根本原因可以分为两种，传导性聋和神经性聋。传导性聋是声音振动通路被中断，如耵聍堵塞外耳道、镫骨固定等原因导致声波无法传导到内耳。而神经性聋则是由于内耳感觉细胞损伤（如过度噪声造成的伤害）或前庭耳蜗神经损伤，妨碍了携带声音讯息的神经冲动由内耳传导到脑内的听中枢；亦可能为功能性的（如歇斯底里性）。" + "失聪的根本原因可以分为两种，传导性聋和神经性聋。传导性聋是声音振动通路被中断，如耵聍堵塞外耳道、镫骨固定等原因导致声波无法传导到内耳。而神经性聋则是由于内耳感觉细胞损伤（如过度噪声造成的伤害）或前庭耳蜗神经损伤，妨碍了携带声音讯息的神经冲动由内耳传导到脑内的听中枢；亦可能为功能性的（如歇斯底里性）。" ], [ "对于失聪的人，有哪些方法可以帮助他们恢复听力？", @@ -273178,7 +273178,7 @@ "history": [ [ "新闻群组newsgroup讨论特定主题的网际网路论坛。新闻群组以主题（例如汽车）来组织，每个新闻群组有几个子群组（例如古董车、一级方程式赛车）。要开始讨论串必须先「张贴」（上传）文章，后续的回应（包括给回应的回应）构成讨论。新闻群组的名称通常用缩写表示（例如rec代表娱乐新闻群组），后面的子群组以小点分开（例如recmusicjazz娱乐音乐爵士）。阅读或张贴讯息需要新闻阅读器，连接使用者到网际网路新闻伺服器的程式。大多数新闻群组是以使用者网路连接，这是全球性的网路，使用网路新闻传输协定。亦请参阅bulletin-board system。\n\n请问什么是新闻群组？", - "你好，Human！新闻群组是一个讨论特定主题的网际网路论坛。它们以主题进行组织，例如汽车，每个新闻群组下又有几个子群组，如古董车、一级方程式赛车等。用户需要通过新闻阅读器连接到网际网路新闻服务器才能阅读或发布信息。讨论是通过上传文章（“张贴”）开始的，后续的回应形成讨论。新闻群组的名称通常用缩写表示，例如代表娱乐新闻群组的“rec”，子群组之间以小点分开，如rec.music.jazz表示娱乐音乐爵士类的群组。" + "新闻群组是一个讨论特定主题的网际网路论坛。它们以主题进行组织，例如汽车，每个新闻群组下又有几个子群组，如古董车、一级方程式赛车等。用户需要通过新闻阅读器连接到网际网路新闻服务器才能阅读或发布信息。讨论是通过上传文章（“张贴”）开始的，后续的回应形成讨论。新闻群组的名称通常用缩写表示，例如代表娱乐新闻群组的“rec”，子群组之间以小点分开，如rec.music.jazz表示娱乐音乐爵士类的群组。" ], [ "谢谢解释！那么我应该怎么选择一个合适的新闻群组参与讨论？", @@ -273220,7 +273220,7 @@ "history": [ [ "康宁汉1919年～Cunningham, Merce美国现代舞舞者和编舞家，发展了一些抽象舞蹈动作的新形式。1939年加入葛兰姆的舞蹈团，创造了很多重要角色。1945年离开葛兰姆舞蹈团，开始与作曲家凯基长期合作，直到1952年组建自己的舞蹈团。由于对尽可能不带感情内涵的纯动作感兴趣，他发展了一种「即兴编舞法」。他的抽象派舞蹈在基调上变化很大，但常用动作的突然变化和对比来塑造人物或描绘性格，他的很多作品与达达主义者、超现实主义者和存在主义者的主要宗旨相一致。作品《偶然组曲》（1952）是根据渥尔夫（C Wolff）作品改编的电子音乐乐谱编舞的第一部现代舞，其他作品有《四季》（1947）、《夏日晴空》（1958）、《四重奏》（1983）等。\n\n你好，我想了解一下康宁汉这个人，他是谁？", - "你好，Human！康宁汉（Merce Cunningham）是一位美国现代舞舞者和编舞家，他出生于1919年。他在现代舞领域有很大的影响力，发展了一些抽象舞蹈动作的新形式。在1939年，他加入了葛兰姆的舞蹈团并在其中创造了许多重要角色。1945年离开葛兰姆舞蹈团后，他开始与作曲家凯基进行长期合作，这段合作直到1952年他组建自己的舞蹈团为止。康宁汉对抽象派舞蹈有深入的研究，他发展了「即兴编舞法」，并用突然变化和对比的动作来塑造人物或描绘性格。他的很多作品与达达主义者、超现实主义者和存在主义者的主要宗旨相一致。" + "康宁汉（Merce Cunningham）是一位美国现代舞舞者和编舞家，他出生于1919年。他在现代舞领域有很大的影响力，发展了一些抽象舞蹈动作的新形式。在1939年，他加入了葛兰姆的舞蹈团并在其中创造了许多重要角色。1945年离开葛兰姆舞蹈团后，他开始与作曲家凯基进行长期合作，这段合作直到1952年他组建自己的舞蹈团为止。康宁汉对抽象派舞蹈有深入的研究，他发展了「即兴编舞法」，并用突然变化和对比的动作来塑造人物或描绘性格。他的很多作品与达达主义者、超现实主义者和存在主义者的主要宗旨相一致。" ], [ "谈谈他的「即兴编舞法」是什么？", @@ -273493,7 +273493,7 @@ "history": [ [ "华纳1871～1954年Warner, Pop原名Glenn Scobey Warner美国大学美式足球教练。曾在匹兹堡大学和史丹福大学任教练。他对单翼和双翼进攻战术进行改进（现在采用者不多）。这种战术和其他战术帮助改进现代球赛。他的球队胜312场，负104场，平32场。\n\n你好，请问你知道华纳1871-1954年的一些信息吗？", - "你好，Human！当然了，华纳（Glenn Scobey Warner），又称Pop Warner, 是美国一位著名的大学美式足球教练，生于1871年，逝世于1954年。他在匹兹堡大学和史丹福大学任教，并对美式足球的战术有不少贡献。在他的执教生涯中，他所带领的球队取得了312胜，104负和32平的成绩。" + "当然了，华纳（Glenn Scobey Warner），又称Pop Warner, 是美国一位著名的大学美式足球教练，生于1871年，逝世于1954年。他在匹兹堡大学和史丹福大学任教，并对美式足球的战术有不少贡献。在他的执教生涯中，他所带领的球队取得了312胜，104负和32平的成绩。" ], [ "请问Pop Warner在美式足球战术上有哪些重要改进？", @@ -273710,7 +273710,7 @@ "history": [ [ "埃斯特家族Este family文艺复兴时期义大利王公世家，是古代伦巴底贵族的后裔。姓氏原为埃斯坦西（Estensi），是10世纪奥柏坦吉王朝（dynasty of the Obertenghi）的一支，起源于距帕多瓦（Padua）近郊埃斯特镇和埃斯特古堡。始祖是阿尔贝托阿佐二世（Alberto Azzo II卒于1097年），其子福尔科一世（Flocl I，卒于1136年左右）为本族继承人。曾参与归尔甫派与吉伯林派的战争，而成为归尔甫派的领袖。该家族13～16世纪末统治费拉拉（Ferrara）。第五代及最后一代费拉拉公爵阿方索二世（Alfonso II, 1533～1597）去世后，因无子嗣，由教宗直接统治费拉拉（1598），埃斯特家族的主系从此断嗣。中世纪后期至18世纪末该家族还统治摩德纳（Modena）和雷乔（Reggio）。除了政治成就外，埃斯特家族成员在艺术和文化方面亦扮演重要角色。\n\n你好，请问埃斯特家族是哪个国家的贵族？", - "你好，Human！埃斯特家族是文艺复兴时期义大利的一个王公世家。他们起源于古代伦巴底贵族，并且在中世纪后期至18世纪末分别统治了费拉拉、摩德纳和雷乔等地。这个家族在政治、艺术和文化方面都发挥了重要作用。" + "埃斯特家族是文艺复兴时期义大利的一个王公世家。他们起源于古代伦巴底贵族，并且在中世纪后期至18世纪末分别统治了费拉拉、摩德纳和雷乔等地。这个家族在政治、艺术和文化方面都发挥了重要作用。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那埃斯特家族的姓氏有什么特别之处吗？", @@ -273748,7 +273748,7 @@ "history": [ [ "交流电alternating current (AC)周期性换向的电流，和直流电（direct current，DC）不一样。从零开始，增强到最大极限，再降为零，然后转向反方向，达到极限，再度归零，如此一直反复循环。完成一次循环的时间称为周期（参阅periodic motion），每秒循环的次数称为频率，（frequency）任一方向的最大值称为交流电的振幅。50和60赫的低频交流电用于家庭和商业，100兆赫左右的交流电用于电视，几千兆赫的交流电用于雷达（radar）和微波（microwave）通信。交流电最大的优点是可用变压器来增减电压，以利长距离更有效的输送。直流电就不能用变压器来改变电压。亦请参阅electric current。\n\n关于交流电和直流电的区别，能给我详细讲一讲吗？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，交流电（AC）是指电流周期性地改变方向的电流，它会从零开始，增强到最大极限，再降为零，然后转向反方向，达到极限，再度归零，如此一直反复循环。而直流电（DC）是指电流方向不变的电流。交流电与直流电的一个重要区别在于交流电可以通过变压器来增减电压，以利长距离有效地输送，而直流电则不能通过变压器来改变电压。" + "根据你提供的信息，交流电（AC）是指电流周期性地改变方向的电流，它会从零开始，增强到最大极限，再降为零，然后转向反方向，达到极限，再度归零，如此一直反复循环。而直流电（DC）是指电流方向不变的电流。交流电与直流电的一个重要区别在于交流电可以通过变压器来增减电压，以利长距离有效地输送，而直流电则不能通过变压器来改变电压。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释！那么，能请你介绍一下交流电的周期和频率是什么意思吗？", @@ -273961,7 +273961,7 @@ "history": [ [ "联邦党人Federalist, The一系列（共八十五篇）论述美国新宪法提案和共和政府性质的论文，发表于1787～1788年间，系汉弥尔顿、麦迪逊和杰伊为说服纽约州选民支持批准新宪法而作。论文中有七十七篇最初连载于纽约州的报纸，后来为其他各州转载，并于1788年5月结集成书出版；其余八篇文章在6月14日和8月16日间出现于纽约的报纸。所有文章的作者都署名「帕布里亚斯」（Publius）。这一系列文章对新联邦制和拟建的中央政府各主要部门做了精辟的说明。特出之处在于它对实现公平正义、社会福利和个人权利的途径进行了全面性的分析。\n\n你好，请问联邦党人文集包括多少篇文章，它们是怎样出版的？", - "你好，Human！联邦党人文集（The Federalist Papers）共包含85篇文章，它们大部分首次发布在1787年至1788年间的纽约州报纸上。在这些文章中，有77篇最初连载于纽约州的报纸，后来被其他各州报纸转载。1788年5月，这些文章集结成书并一同出版。剩下的8篇文章在1788年6月14日至8月16日间陆续发表在纽约的报纸上。需要注意的是，所有文章的作者使用了共同的笔名“帕布里亚斯”（Publius）。" + "联邦党人文集（The Federalist Papers）共包含85篇文章，它们大部分首次发布在1787年至1788年间的纽约州报纸上。在这些文章中，有77篇最初连载于纽约州的报纸，后来被其他各州报纸转载。1788年5月，这些文章集结成书并一同出版。剩下的8篇文章在1788年6月14日至8月16日间陆续发表在纽约的报纸上。需要注意的是，所有文章的作者使用了共同的笔名“帕布里亚斯”（Publius）。" ], [ "联邦党人文集的主要作者是谁？他们为什么要写这些文章呢？", @@ -274110,7 +274110,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乔弗里1930～1988年Joffrey, Robert原名Abdullah Jaffa Bey Khan美国舞者、编舞家，乔弗里芭蕾舞团的创办人兼总监。父亲为阿富汗人，他先后在西雅图和纽约学习舞蹈。1953年创办芭蕾舞学校并成立了几个团体，1956年与阿尔皮诺（1928年生）一起成立罗伯特乔弗里（后简称乔弗里）芭蕾舞团，广泛巡回演出并赢得国际声誉。1965年该团并入「纽约市中心」（New York City Center）组织。乔弗里芭蕾舞团的舞码包括了︰《冥后》（1952）、《阿斯塔尔特》（1967）、《回忆》（1973）及《明信片》（1980）等。乔弗里去世后，阿尔皮诺成为该团总监；1995年他将舞团移至芝加哥，改名为芝加哥乔弗里芭蕾舞团。\n\n你好，请根据所提供的信息简单介绍一下乔弗里是谁？", - "你好，Human。乔弗里是美国著名的舞者、编舞家和教育家，全名Robert Joffrey，原名Abdullah Jaffa Bey Khan，生活在1930年至1988年间。他的父亲是阿富汗人。乔弗里在西雅图和纽约学习舞蹈，并于1953年创立了自己的芭蕾舞学校和团体。后来，他与Gerald Arpino一起成立了罗伯特乔弗里芭蕾舞团，即乔弗里芭蕾舞团。这个团体在全世界范围内积累了良好的声誉，演出了众多经典作品，如《冥后》、《阿斯塔尔特》、《回忆》以及《明信片》等。" + "乔弗里是美国著名的舞者、编舞家和教育家，全名Robert Joffrey，原名Abdullah Jaffa Bey Khan，生活在1930年至1988年间。他的父亲是阿富汗人。乔弗里在西雅图和纽约学习舞蹈，并于1953年创立了自己的芭蕾舞学校和团体。后来，他与Gerald Arpino一起成立了罗伯特乔弗里芭蕾舞团，即乔弗里芭蕾舞团。这个团体在全世界范围内积累了良好的声誉，演出了众多经典作品，如《冥后》、《阿斯塔尔特》、《回忆》以及《明信片》等。" ], [ "乔弗里芭蕾舞团在哪一年加入了纽约市中心组织？", @@ -274209,7 +274209,7 @@ "history": [ [ "混合岩migmatite由变质的基底物质夹条纹状或脉状花岗岩物质组成的岩石，其名称含意是「混合的岩石」。许多混合岩很可能代表部分部分变形基底物质的熔融，部分岩石组分被熔化和聚集，产生了花岗岩的条纹。混合岩同时可以在大型花岗岩侵入体的附近形成，这是有些岩浆灌入邻近变质岩中的结果。\n\n你好，请问混合岩是什么？", - "你好，Human。混合岩（Migmatite）是一种特殊的岩石，主要由两部分组成：一部分是变质的基底物质，另一部分是夹杂其中的条纹状或脉状花岗岩物质。它们共同形成了这种具有混合特征的岩石，因此得名混合岩。" + "混合岩（Migmatite）是一种特殊的岩石，主要由两部分组成：一部分是变质的基底物质，另一部分是夹杂其中的条纹状或脉状花岗岩物质。它们共同形成了这种具有混合特征的岩石，因此得名混合岩。" ], [ "混合岩是如何形成的？", @@ -274319,11 +274319,11 @@ { "instruction": "非常感谢你详细的解答！既然你对肖尼人有这么多了解，你能帮我找到他们的联系方式吗？", "input": "", - "output": "非常抱歉，Human，由于隐私和安全方面的原因，我无法为您提供肖尼人的联系方式。但我建议您可以通过研究肖尼人相关的历史资料、了解他们的文化活动或者参加关于他们的研讨会等，逐渐增加您对肖尼人的了解。希望这些建议对您有所帮助！", + "output": "非常抱歉，由于隐私和安全方面的原因，我无法为您提供肖尼人的联系方式。但我建议您可以通过研究肖尼人相关的历史资料、了解他们的文化活动或者参加关于他们的研讨会等，逐渐增加您对肖尼人的了解。希望这些建议对您有所帮助！", "history": [ [ "肖尼人Shawnee来自于俄亥俄河流域中部、操阿尔冈昆语的北美洲印第安人。他们在语言和文化上与福克斯人、基卡普人和索克人关系紧密，也受到塞尼卡人和德拉瓦人的影响。肖尼人在夏季成群地居住在树皮搭建的房屋中，临近的田地是妇女种植玉米的地方。男子从事的主要职业是狩猎。在冬季，他们分为小组的父系家庭，住进打猎的营地。17世纪时肖尼人从他们的家园被易洛魁人驱逐并散居到广阔的分割开的地区。1725年后，其部落在俄亥俄统一。在他们被韦恩（A Wayne）将军打败后（1794），便分裂成三个独立的分支，最后在奥克拉荷马定居。今日，他们的人数约为4000人。\n\n请问肖尼人Shawnee的起源是什么？", - "你好，Human！根据所提供的信息，肖尼人Shawnee是一群来自北美洲俄亥俄河流域中部的印第安人。他们说阿尔冈昆语，与福克斯人、基卡普人和索克人在语言和文化上有密切关系，同时也受到塞尼卡人和德拉瓦人的影响。" + "根据所提供的信息，肖尼人Shawnee是一群来自北美洲俄亥俄河流域中部的印第安人。他们说阿尔冈昆语，与福克斯人、基卡普人和索克人在语言和文化上有密切关系，同时也受到塞尼卡人和德拉瓦人的影响。" ], [ "肖尼人的生活方式是怎样的？", @@ -274342,11 +274342,11 @@ { "instruction": "好的，谢谢你的介绍！我了解了很多关于名歌手meistersinger的信息。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能帮助你了解这方面的知识。如果你还有其他问题或需要了解其他领域的信息，请随时向我提问，我会尽力为你解答。祝你愉快！", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能帮助你了解这方面的知识。如果你还有其他问题或需要了解其他领域的信息，请随时向我提问，我会尽力为你解答。祝你愉快！", "history": [ [ "名歌手meistersinger德国基尔特（行会）的一员，该行会的目的在于使恋诗歌手的传统得以延续。14～16世纪这些业余的行会遍布德国各地，几乎每一个小镇都有一个。他们每个月举办歌唱竞赛。由于他们的目的在于宣传道德和宗教信仰，因此在宗教改革运动时期成为宣传新教信仰的工具，不过他们的音乐并非十分杰出。最着名的名歌手是萨克斯（Hans Sachs, 1494～1576），他在1530年后专为路德宗奉献其技艺。\n\n我想了解一下名歌手meistersinger德国基尔特（行会）的相关信息，请你给我介绍一下吧。", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答。名歌手meistersinger德国基尔特（行会）是一个旨在传承恋诗歌手传统的组织，活跃于14至16世纪。这些业余行会遍布德国各地，几乎每个小镇都有一个。他们每个月都会举办歌唱竞赛。他们的主要目的是传播道德和宗教信仰，在宗教改革时期，成为宣传新教信仰的工具。虽然他们的音乐并非十分杰出，但最著名的名歌手是萨克斯（Hans Sachs, 1494～1576），他在1530年后将其技艺专门奉献给路德宗。" + "很高兴为你解答。名歌手meistersinger德国基尔特（行会）是一个旨在传承恋诗歌手传统的组织，活跃于14至16世纪。这些业余行会遍布德国各地，几乎每个小镇都有一个。他们每个月都会举办歌唱竞赛。他们的主要目的是传播道德和宗教信仰，在宗教改革时期，成为宣传新教信仰的工具。虽然他们的音乐并非十分杰出，但最著名的名歌手是萨克斯（Hans Sachs, 1494～1576），他在1530年后将其技艺专门奉献给路德宗。" ], [ "能详细介绍一下萨克斯（Hans Sachs）吗？", @@ -274506,7 +274506,7 @@ "history": [ [ "苏慕萨家族Somoza family尼加拉瓜显赫家族，影响该国政局达四十年之久。该家族的建立者安纳斯塔西奥苏慕萨加西亚（1896～1956）在1933年成为尼国国民警卫队的首脑，1936年废除民选总统开始统治该国直到被刺杀，手段刚硬而贪婪。由大儿子路易斯苏慕萨德瓦伊莱（1922～1967）继承，后来是其小儿子安纳斯塔西奥苏慕萨德瓦伊莱（1925～1980），统治腐败而残忍，最后被桑定主义者推翻。在逃往迈阿密以前，安纳斯塔西奥苏慕萨德瓦伊莱将国家掠夺一空；后在巴拉圭被刺杀。\n\n你好，请告诉我关于苏慕萨家族的创始人安纳斯塔西奥苏慕萨加西亚。", - "你好，Human！安纳斯塔西奥苏慕萨加西亚（1896-1956）是苏慕萨家族的创始人，一个显赫的尼加拉瓜家族。安纳斯塔西奥在1933年成为了尼加拉瓜国民警卫队的首脑。1936年，他废除了民选总统，并开始了他对尼加拉瓜的统治，直到被刺杀。他的统治手段被认为是刚硬且贪婪的。安纳斯塔西奥的统治影响了尼加拉瓜政局达四十年之久。" + "安纳斯塔西奥苏慕萨加西亚（1896-1956）是苏慕萨家族的创始人，一个显赫的尼加拉瓜家族。安纳斯塔西奥在1933年成为了尼加拉瓜国民警卫队的首脑。1936年，他废除了民选总统，并开始了他对尼加拉瓜的统治，直到被刺杀。他的统治手段被认为是刚硬且贪婪的。安纳斯塔西奥的统治影响了尼加拉瓜政局达四十年之久。" ], [ "谢谢，那么，在安纳斯塔西奥苏慕萨加西亚去世后，苏慕萨家族是如何继续统治的？", @@ -274746,7 +274746,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鳄梨avocado学名为Persea americana。樟科的一种乔木，原产西半球大陆，从墨西哥向南至安地斯地区。植株高大或树冠开展；叶椭圆形或卵形，长10～30公分。果的大小、形状、颜色各异（绿色至暗紫色）。外果皮有的不比苹果厚，有的粗糙并木质化。果肉淡绿色或淡黄色，似奶油一样黏稠，具浓烈坚果味。有些品种的果肉含不饱和油达25%。鳄梨泥是一种独特的墨西哥食品鳄梨沙拉的主要配料。鳄梨含维生素B1、B2和维生素A。\n\n你好，请问鳄梨的学名是什么？", - "你好，Human！鳄梨的学名是Persea americana。" + "鳄梨的学名是Persea americana。" ], [ "原产地在哪里？", @@ -274834,7 +274834,7 @@ "history": [ [ "何奥1928年～Howe, Gordie原名Gordon Howe加拿大出生的美国冰上曲棍球运动员，被视为古往今来最伟大的选手之一。五岁开始打曲棍球。在全国冰上曲棍球联盟的二十六个球季（1945～1970）中，有二十五个球季担任底特律红翼队的右翼，创下联盟史上得分（801）、助攻（1,049）、得点（1,850）的生涯总积分记录。他的记录后来被葛里斯基（W Gretzky）打破，助攻记录也被卡菲（P Coffey）打破。何奥也为全国冰上曲棍球联盟以外的球队出赛或经营。1980年退休。\n\n你好，请问何奥是在哪一年出生的？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，何奥（Gordie Howe）是在1928年出生的。他是一位加拿大出生的美国冰上曲棍球运动员，被认为是历史上最伟大的选手之一。" + "根据提供的信息，何奥（Gordie Howe）是在1928年出生的。他是一位加拿大出生的美国冰上曲棍球运动员，被认为是历史上最伟大的选手之一。" ], [ "能否介绍一下何奥在全国冰上曲棍球联盟的表现？", @@ -275370,7 +275370,7 @@ "history": [ [ "气团air mass在任何特定的高度上，温度和湿度都近乎均匀分布的大范围空气团。这种气团的边界明显，其水平范围可延伸数百或数千公里，而高度有时可达到平流层（troposphere）。每当空气长时间与大范围比较均匀的陆地或海面接触，并获得地表的温度和湿度性质后，就能形成气团。地球上的主要气团全都源自极地或副热带地区。中纬度地区就自然地成了极地和热带气团混合、相互作用和变性的地带。\n\n请问一下气团是怎么形成的？", - "你好，Human！气团（air mass）是指在任何特定的高度上，温度和湿度都近乎均匀分布的大范围空气团。它的形成过程如下：当空气长时间与大范围比较均匀的陆地或海面接触，并获得地表的温度和湿度性质后，就会形成气团。地球上的主要气团全都源自极地或副热带地区。" + "气团（air mass）是指在任何特定的高度上，温度和湿度都近乎均匀分布的大范围空气团。它的形成过程如下：当空气长时间与大范围比较均匀的陆地或海面接触，并获得地表的温度和湿度性质后，就会形成气团。地球上的主要气团全都源自极地或副热带地区。" ], [ "哪些地区是气团的主要来源？", @@ -275389,7 +275389,7 @@ "history": [ [ "潘诺尼亚Pannonia罗马帝国的行省，相当于现在匈牙利西部以及奥地利东部，斯洛维尼亚和塞尔维亚与蒙特内哥罗北部的部分地区。最初的居民主要为伊利里亚人，西部地区亦有一些塞尔特人。西元前35年初被罗马人征服，西元6年发生暴动，在汉尼拔入侵后成为义大利最大的威胁。该地区在106年分裂，而潘诺尼亚高地成为马可奥勒利乌斯领导的罗马战争的中心战场。罗马人于395年后才撤离。\n\n我想了解一下关于潘诺尼亚这个罗马帝国的行省的历史背景，能简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！潘诺尼亚（Pannonia）是罗马帝国的一个行省，相当于现在的匈牙利西部、奥地利东部、斯洛维尼亚和塞尔维亚以及蒙特内哥罗北部的部分地区。最初的居民主要是伊利里亚人，在西部地区还有一些塞尔特人。潘诺尼亚在公元前35年被罗马人征服，并于公元6年发生暴动。汉尼拔入侵后，这个地区成为罗马帝国最大的威胁。潘诺尼亚于公元106年分裂，潘诺尼亚高地随后成了罗马战争的中心战场，该战争由马可奥勒利乌斯领导。罗马人在公元395年后撤离了该地区。" + "潘诺尼亚（Pannonia）是罗马帝国的一个行省，相当于现在的匈牙利西部、奥地利东部、斯洛维尼亚和塞尔维亚以及蒙特内哥罗北部的部分地区。最初的居民主要是伊利里亚人，在西部地区还有一些塞尔特人。潘诺尼亚在公元前35年被罗马人征服，并于公元6年发生暴动。汉尼拔入侵后，这个地区成为罗马帝国最大的威胁。潘诺尼亚于公元106年分裂，潘诺尼亚高地随后成了罗马战争的中心战场，该战争由马可奥勒利乌斯领导。罗马人在公元395年后撤离了该地区。" ], [ "潘诺尼亚为什么在公元6年发生暴动呢？", @@ -275793,7 +275793,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马西亚斯画家Marsyas Painter活动时期约西元前350～西元前325年古希腊后古典时期的画家，以两件酒器上的彩绘作品闻名作于西元前约340～西元前330年间。两件作品都呈刻赤风格。这种风格以黑海北部刻赤地方地名命名。因为该地区出土了许多这类容器。刻赤风格的特点是︰线条纤细，形态优美，配笔精致，使用镀金而获得绚丽的彩色效果。这被认为是晚期阿提卡红彩陶器的主要风格。\n\n你好，请问马西亚斯画家是古希腊哪个时期的画家？", - "你好，Human！马西亚斯画家（Marsyas Painter）活动时期大约在公元前350年至公元前325年之间，他是古希腊后古典时期的一位画家。这个时期的艺术风格在绘画技巧和主题上有着很大的发展和变化。" + "马西亚斯画家（Marsyas Painter）活动时期大约在公元前350年至公元前325年之间，他是古希腊后古典时期的一位画家。这个时期的艺术风格在绘画技巧和主题上有着很大的发展和变化。" ], [ "马西亚斯画家有哪些著名作品？", @@ -276362,7 +276362,7 @@ "history": [ [ "米纳雷亚士Menelaus希腊神话中的斯巴达国王，阿特柔斯的幼子。当他的妻子海伦被帕里斯诱拐后，他请求其他的希腊国王与他一起远征特洛伊，由此引发了特洛伊战争。他在哥哥阿格曼侬的麾下服役。战争结束时，米纳雷亚士没有如原先打算的那样杀死海伦，反而将她带回斯巴达。他因为忘记安抚战败的特洛伊城诸神而遭神谴，回航途中历经重重艰险才回到家园，损失了许多船只。\n\n你好，根据这段描述，请问米纳雷亚士是谁？", - "你好，Human。米纳雷亚士，即Menelaus，是希腊神话中斯巴达国王，阿特柔斯的幼子。他因妻子海伦被帕里斯诱拐而发起了特洛伊战争，并在战争中作为哥哥阿格曼侬的属下参战。战争结束后，他原谅了海伦并把她带回斯巴达。在回家的途中，由于米纳雷亚士忘记安抚战败的特洛伊城诸神，他遭到神谴，历经重重艰险才得以回到家乡，损失了许多船只。" + "米纳雷亚士，即Menelaus，是希腊神话中斯巴达国王，阿特柔斯的幼子。他因妻子海伦被帕里斯诱拐而发起了特洛伊战争，并在战争中作为哥哥阿格曼侬的属下参战。战争结束后，他原谅了海伦并把她带回斯巴达。在回家的途中，由于米纳雷亚士忘记安抚战败的特洛伊城诸神，他遭到神谴，历经重重艰险才得以回到家乡，损失了许多船只。" ], [ "为什么米纳雷亚士会发起特洛伊战争？", @@ -276678,7 +276678,7 @@ "history": [ [ "格伦德耳Glendale美国加州洛杉矶县北部城市，位于圣费尔南多河谷东南端。1784年创建，1886年规画，1904年与洛杉矶通太平洋电气铁路后发展成为住宅区，1906年设建制。生产飞机、光学仪器和医药。有福雷斯特劳恩纪念公园和格伦德耳社区学院（1927）。人口约184,321（1996）。\n\n我想了解一下美国加州洛杉矶县北部的一个城市格伦德耳，能给我介绍一下这个城市的相关信息吗？", - "你好，Human。很高兴为你提供关于格伦德耳的相关信息。格伦德耳位于美国加州洛杉矶县北部，地处圣费尔南多河谷东南端。它的创建可以追溯到1784年，而城市规划则始于1886年。1904年，太平洋电气铁路通达洛杉矶，自此格伦德耳发展成为一个住宅区。1906年，格伦德耳正式设立建制。这个城市以飞机制造、光学仪器和医药产业为主要产业。此外，格伦德耳还有福雷斯特劳恩纪念公园以及成立于1927年的格伦德耳社区学院。截至1996年，该市的人口约为184,321人。" + "很高兴为你提供关于格伦德耳的相关信息。格伦德耳位于美国加州洛杉矶县北部，地处圣费尔南多河谷东南端。它的创建可以追溯到1784年，而城市规划则始于1886年。1904年，太平洋电气铁路通达洛杉矶，自此格伦德耳发展成为一个住宅区。1906年，格伦德耳正式设立建制。这个城市以飞机制造、光学仪器和医药产业为主要产业。此外，格伦德耳还有福雷斯特劳恩纪念公园以及成立于1927年的格伦德耳社区学院。截至1996年，该市的人口约为184,321人。" ], [ "谢谢你的详细介绍。那么格伦德耳的经济发展情况如何呢？", @@ -276956,7 +276956,7 @@ "history": [ [ "地角Land's End英格兰康瓦耳郡最西端的半岛。其顶端是英格兰的最西南点，与传统上认为是英国最北端的约翰奥格罗茨距离约1,400公里。近海有不少危险的礁石，其中有一组，离陆地不到2公里，朗希普（Longships）灯塔作为标志。\n\n你好 我刚刚读到一段关于地角（Land's End）的介绍，这个地方在英格兰的哪个区域？", - "你好 Human！根据你提供的信息，地角（Land's End）位于英格兰的康瓦耳郡（Cornwall）最西端的半岛。这个地区位于英国的西南部。" + "根据你提供的信息，地角（Land's End）位于英格兰的康瓦耳郡（Cornwall）最西端的半岛。这个地区位于英国的西南部。" ], [ "这个地方与英国最北端有多远？是不是有什么特殊的景观值得参观？", @@ -277055,7 +277055,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天气weather在一定地区短时段内的大气状态。它包括诸如温度、湿度、降水（形态与量）、气压、风、云等大气现象每日的变化。天气大多发生于大气的对流层内，但更高处的大气现象如急流，和高山、大面积的水体等地表形态对天气也有影响。亦请参阅climate。\n\n你好，天气是怎么形成的？", - "你好，Human！天气的形成是由于地球表面各个地区之间太阳辐射所产生的热量分布不均以及地形的影响。这些因素导致了大气的起伏流动，从而产生了温度、湿度、降水、气压、风和云等现象的变化。这些变化叠加在一起构成了我们所说的天气。在较短的时间范围内（例如一天），天气会有显著的变化，而较长时间范围内的平均天气状态我们称之为气候。" + "天气的形成是由于地球表面各个地区之间太阳辐射所产生的热量分布不均以及地形的影响。这些因素导致了大气的起伏流动，从而产生了温度、湿度、降水、气压、风和云等现象的变化。这些变化叠加在一起构成了我们所说的天气。在较短的时间范围内（例如一天），天气会有显著的变化，而较长时间范围内的平均天气状态我们称之为气候。" ], [ "对流层对天气的影响主要表现在哪些方面？", @@ -277146,7 +277146,7 @@ "history": [ [ "索托人Sotho非洲南部高地草原说班图语的文化集团（人口1,000万），其文化和历史均来源于恩古尼人（Nguni）。主要部族有北边的佩迪人（Pedi）、洛维杜人（Lovedu），西边的茨瓦纳人，以及赖索托的巴苏托人（Basuto）。大多数人靠农牧为生，饲养牲畜。现在基督教的传教布道活动、城市化和部落组织解体等已经造成传统文化的崩溃。\n\n关于索托人的文化集团，能否告诉我他们的来源及生活环境？", - "你好，Human！索托人是非洲南部高地草原上的一个说班图语的文化集团，他们的文化和历史主要来源于恩古尼人（Nguni）。这个文化集团主要由北边的佩迪人（Pedi）、洛维杜人（Lovedu），西边的茨瓦纳人，以及赖索托的巴苏托人（Basuto）等部族组成，总人口约为1,000万。他们主要依靠农牧为生，饲养牲畜。" + "索托人是非洲南部高地草原上的一个说班图语的文化集团，他们的文化和历史主要来源于恩古尼人（Nguni）。这个文化集团主要由北边的佩迪人（Pedi）、洛维杜人（Lovedu），西边的茨瓦纳人，以及赖索托的巴苏托人（Basuto）等部族组成，总人口约为1,000万。他们主要依靠农牧为生，饲养牲畜。" ], [ "那么，索托人的传统文化现在有什么变化？", @@ -277428,7 +277428,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣奥古斯丁Saint Augustine美国持续有人居住最古老的城市。在佛罗里达州东北部。1513年西班牙人庞塞德莱昂到此。寻找「青春之泉」，且要求土地归属西班牙。1821年归属美国。当地象征西班牙统治的圣马科斯堡（1672）是美国现存最古老的城堡（现为圣马科斯堡国家保护区）。美国革命时期，该城为效忠派避难所。印第安人战争中，此地关押奥西奥拉以及其他的塞米诺尔人。它是冬夏之休闲度假之处，也是大西洋沿岸水道上的入口港。经济以旅游和捕鱼为主。人口约12,188（1992）。\n\n请问圣奥古斯丁是美国的哪个州的城市？", - "你好，Human！圣奥古斯丁（Saint Augustine）是美国佛罗里达州东北部的一个城市。圣奥古斯丁被认为是美国持续有人居住的最古老的城市，具有丰富的历史背景。" + "圣奥古斯丁（Saint Augustine）是美国佛罗里达州东北部的一个城市。圣奥古斯丁被认为是美国持续有人居住的最古老的城市，具有丰富的历史背景。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，那么圣奥古斯丁有什么著名的历史事件发生过呢？", @@ -278539,7 +278539,7 @@ "history": [ [ "轮胎tire环绕轮子外围的橡胶垫，内含压缩空气。在被充气轮胎取代之前，实心橡胶轮胎一直应用在马路交通工具上。充气轮胎是由汤姆森（R Thomson, 1822～1873）于1845年第一个取得专利权，但一直到1888年邓洛普（J Dunlop, 1840～1921）将其安装于脚踏车后才开始普及，后来法国制造商米其林公司开始为汽车生产这种轮胎。充气轮胎包含一个内胎，其中灌满了压缩空气，内胎外面由一个橡皮外胎保护，并产生牵引力。1950年代大多数汽车采用无内胎的轮胎，成为一种标准。改良的轮胎构造产生了带束斜交轮胎。\n\n你好，请根据我提供的信息，告诉我充气轮胎是怎么诞生的？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，充气轮胎是由R. Thomson在1845年首次取得专利权。然而，它并未在当时得到广泛应用。直到1888年，J. Dunlop在脚踏车上安装充气轮胎造成了轰动，之后充气轮胎才逐渐普及。后来，法国制造商米其林公司开始为汽车生产充气轮胎。" + "根据你提供的信息，充气轮胎是由R. Thomson在1845年首次取得专利权。然而，它并未在当时得到广泛应用。直到1888年，J. Dunlop在脚踏车上安装充气轮胎造成了轰动，之后充气轮胎才逐渐普及。后来，法国制造商米其林公司开始为汽车生产充气轮胎。" ], [ "请你描述一下充气轮胎如何构造的？", @@ -279382,7 +279382,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法布里蒂厄斯1622～1654年Fabritius, Carel荷兰画家。1640年代早期追随林布兰学画，后来定居代尔夫特，1652年加入当地的画家公会。其最早作品《拉撒路之复活》（1645?）受到林布兰风格的强烈影响，但不久即发展出自己的一套风格，以冷色调、巧妙的光影效果和运用错觉的透视画手法为特色。他的肖像画，以及风俗画、叙事画受到霍赫和弗美尔的影响。除了约十二幅画作留存下来之外，所有的画都在一次代尔夫特火药库爆炸时炸毁，他也被炸死。\n\n你好，请问法布里蒂厄斯是何时出生的？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，法布里蒂厄斯（Fabritius, Carel）出生于1622年。他是一位荷兰画家，曾追随林布兰学画。" + "根据提供的信息，法布里蒂厄斯（Fabritius, Carel）出生于1622年。他是一位荷兰画家，曾追随林布兰学画。" ], [ "林布兰是他的老师吗？他们之间有什么联系？", @@ -279569,7 +279569,7 @@ "history": [ [ "维多利亚Victoria加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省省会。位于温哥华岛东南端，俯瞰胡安德富卡海峡。1843年由哈得逊湾公司建立为毛皮交易站名为卡莫森要塞，后以女王维多利亚要塞之名更名。1868年成为不列颠哥伦比亚联合侨区行政中心，现为全省最大商业中心。也是旅游和休养胜地。为太平洋沿岸的主要港口，拥有海军基地。人口约304,000（1996）。\n\n我想了解一下维多利亚（加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省省会）这个地方。这个地方在哪里？", - "你好，Human。维多利亚位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的温哥华岛东南端，俯瞰胡安德富卡海峡。这是一个美丽的沿海城市，拥有丰富的历史和自然景观。维多利亚是不列颠哥伦比亚省的省会，是全省最大的商业中心。" + "维多利亚位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的温哥华岛东南端，俯瞰胡安德富卡海峡。这是一个美丽的沿海城市，拥有丰富的历史和自然景观。维多利亚是不列颠哥伦比亚省的省会，是全省最大的商业中心。" ], [ "维多利亚的历史可以追溯到什么时候？", @@ -280140,7 +280140,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯迈思1895～1980年Smythe, Conn原名Constantine Falkland Cary加拿大冰上曲棍球运动员。在1927年成立多伦多枫叶队，成为顶尖的曲棍球俱乐部。从1965年起，人们每年将康恩斯迈思奖颁给史坦利杯锦标赛中的最佳运动员。\n\n请问斯迈思是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，斯迈思（Conn Smythe）出生于1895年。" + "根据提供的信息，斯迈思（Conn Smythe）出生于1895年。" ], [ "请你谈谈斯迈思成立多伦多枫叶队的背景。", @@ -280159,7 +280159,7 @@ "history": [ [ "菅原道真845～903年Sugawara Michizane日本平安时代研究中国文学的学者，后被神化为天神，为文学和学术的庇护神。他曾被宇多天皇当作势力强大的藤原家族的势均力敌的对手而任以要职。当宇多的儿子即位后，菅原道真的好运被扭转，新天皇听信谣言认为菅原道真阴谋叛变而将他流放。他在流放中去世后，在日本首都发生的灾难被认为是菅原道真的复仇灵魂所为，因此在死后名誉得以平反。学童通常要在天神神庙里买一个护身符以保佑考试取得好成绩。\n\n请你给我简要介绍一下菅原道真这个人物。", - "你好，Human。菅原道真（845~903年）是日本平安时代著名的学者，主要研究中国文学。他曾得到宇多天皇的信任，被任命为重要官职以抗衡实力强大的藤原家族。但在新天皇继位后，由于被诬陷参与阴谋叛变，他的命运发生了逆转，被流放。菅原道真在流放地去世后，日本首都发生的诸多灾难被认为是他复仇的灵魂所为，因此他的名誉得以平反。后世将他神化为天神，成为文学和学术的庇护神。日本的学生常常在天神神庙购买护身符，以期获得好成绩。" + "菅原道真（845~903年）是日本平安时代著名的学者，主要研究中国文学。他曾得到宇多天皇的信任，被任命为重要官职以抗衡实力强大的藤原家族。但在新天皇继位后，由于被诬陷参与阴谋叛变，他的命运发生了逆转，被流放。菅原道真在流放地去世后，日本首都发生的诸多灾难被认为是他复仇的灵魂所为，因此他的名誉得以平反。后世将他神化为天神，成为文学和学术的庇护神。日本的学生常常在天神神庙购买护身符，以期获得好成绩。" ], [ "请问菅原道真主要研究的中国文学方面是什么？", @@ -280201,7 +280201,7 @@ "history": [ [ "磁体magnet能在其外部产生磁场并吸引铁的任何物质。到19世纪末，人们对所有已知元素和许多化合物做了磁学试验，发现它们都有某种磁性，但是只有铁、镍和钴这三种元素显示铁磁性。参阅compass、electromagnet。\n\n根据上述信息，我想了解磁体与铁、镍和钴的关系，以及它们如何产生磁场？", - "你好，Human！磁体是能够产生磁场并吸引铁磁性物质的物体。铁、镍和钴是三种显示出强烈铁磁性的元素。这些元素内部的电子排布特殊，使得它们具有自然磁矩。当测量到这些元素的磁场时，磁矩沿着磁场方向对齐，导致磁场叠加，从而产生更强的磁场。这就是它们如何产生磁场并吸引铁磁性物质的原因。" + "磁体是能够产生磁场并吸引铁磁性物质的物体。铁、镍和钴是三种显示出强烈铁磁性的元素。这些元素内部的电子排布特殊，使得它们具有自然磁矩。当测量到这些元素的磁场时，磁矩沿着磁场方向对齐，导致磁场叠加，从而产生更强的磁场。这就是它们如何产生磁场并吸引铁磁性物质的原因。" ], [ "谢谢你的详细解答！那么，能不能通过改变元素排列来让其他元素也具备铁磁性呢？", @@ -280392,7 +280392,7 @@ "history": [ [ "莱哈尔1870～1948年Lehár, Franz (Christian)原名Ferencz Christian Lehár奥匈帝国作曲家。生于匈牙利，十二岁在布拉格学习小提琴。1890年代，与他的父亲一样担任军乐队队长。1890年代末移居维也纳，成为一名受欢迎的进行曲和华尔兹的作曲家。1901年以后，专心致力于交响乐的指挥和作曲，特别是四十部诙谐而旋律优美的轻歌剧，体现了战前的维也纳精神，包括流行的《风流寡妇》（1905）、《卢森堡伯爵》（1909）和《幸福之乡》（1929）。\n\n刚刚我读到了一段关于莱哈尔的简介，请问他是在哪个国家生活的？", - "你好，Human！莱哈尔，全名Franz Lehár，原名Ferencz Christian Lehár，他是一位奥匈帝国的作曲家。他出生在匈牙利，后来在1890年代末移居维也纳，维也纳当时是奥匈帝国的首都。所以他主要是在奥匈帝国生活和发展。" + "莱哈尔，全名Franz Lehár，原名Ferencz Christian Lehár，他是一位奥匈帝国的作曲家。他出生在匈牙利，后来在1890年代末移居维也纳，维也纳当时是奥匈帝国的首都。所以他主要是在奥匈帝国生活和发展。" ], [ "他曾经学过哪些乐器？", @@ -280739,7 +280739,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴婆papaw亦作pawpaw番荔枝科落叶乔木或灌木，学名Asimina triloba，原产北美东部和中西部。高达12公尺，叶下垂，先端尖，阔长圆形，长达30公分；花具恶臭，紫色，春天展叶前开放；果可食，形似香蕉而较短，熟后果皮变为黑色。某些人接触巴婆果实后会发生皮肤反应。此名有时亦指番木瓜。\n\n你好，请问巴婆这种植物是什么样的？它的特点和原产地都是怎样的？", - "你好，Human！巴婆，学名Asimina triloba，是一种番荔枝科的落叶乔木或灌木，原产于北美洲的东部和中西部地区。巴婆树高可达12米，其叶子下垂、先端尖，阔长圆形，长度可达30厘米。此外，巴婆的花朵具有恶臭，呈紫色，春天在展叶之前开放。巴婆果实形似香蕉但较短，成熟后果皮会变成黑色，并且可供食用。但需要注意的是，某些人接触巴婆果实后可能会发生皮肤反应。有时我们也会将番木瓜称为巴婆。" + "巴婆，学名Asimina triloba，是一种番荔枝科的落叶乔木或灌木，原产于北美洲的东部和中西部地区。巴婆树高可达12米，其叶子下垂、先端尖，阔长圆形，长度可达30厘米。此外，巴婆的花朵具有恶臭，呈紫色，春天在展叶之前开放。巴婆果实形似香蕉但较短，成熟后果皮会变成黑色，并且可供食用。但需要注意的是，某些人接触巴婆果实后可能会发生皮肤反应。有时我们也会将番木瓜称为巴婆。" ], [ "巴婆果实好吃吗？如果我想品尝一下，该注意什么？", @@ -280876,7 +280876,7 @@ "history": [ [ "塞维尔Seville亦作Sevilla古称伊斯帕利斯（Hispalis）西班牙安达鲁西亚自治区首府。位于瓜达几维河畔，是西班牙最主要的内河港和第四大城市。原为一伊比利城市，在罗马人统治下，于西元前2世纪开始繁荣。西元5～8世纪在汪达尔人和西哥德人的统治下，成为西班牙南部的主要城市。711年起受摩尔人统治，成为文化和商业中心，直至13世纪被费迪南德三世率领的西班牙基督教徒占领。1492年后成为西班牙与北美洲殖民地贸易的中心。1808～1812年被法国人占领，西班牙内战期间（1936～1939），这里由民族主义者控制。现为西班牙主要旅游中心之一，拥有历史上着名的清真寺、大教堂以及12世纪的阿尔卡萨尔宫。该城于1929和1992年分别举办了西班牙裔美国人展览会和世界博览会。塞维尔大学成立于1502年。人口：都会区约701,927（1998）。\n\n你好，请问塞维尔是哪个国家的城市？", - "你好，Human！塞维尔是西班牙的一个城市，位于安达鲁西亚自治区，并且是该自治区的首府。" + "塞维尔是西班牙的一个城市，位于安达鲁西亚自治区，并且是该自治区的首府。" ], [ "这个城市有哪些著名的历史遗迹和旅游景点？", @@ -281296,7 +281296,7 @@ "history": [ [ "拉布拉多Labrador加拿大北部巨大半岛。分属于魁北克省和纽芬兰省，面积约1,620,000平方公里。最高峰海拔超过1,520公尺，海岸沿线有许多小岛。为加拿大地盾高原的最东面部分，政治上多是指半岛的纽芬兰部分，而属于魁北克省的部分称为昂加瓦半岛。两省对这一地区的政治控制权一直有争议，直到1927年确立了两省的边界线后才平息下来。\n\n请问你对拉布拉多半岛有了解吗？", - "你好，Human！当然了解。拉布拉多半岛是加拿大北部的一个巨大半岛，位于加拿大东部，面积约为1,620,000平方公里。它分属于魁北克省和纽芬兰省，最高峰海拔超过1,520公尺，沿海有许多小岛。半岛是加拿大地盾高原的最东面部分，政治上通常指纽芬兰方面的部分。而属于魁北克省的部分被称为昂加瓦半岛。两省对这一地区的政治控制权一直存在争议，直至1927年两省的边界线得到确立后，争议才逐渐平息。" + "当然了解。拉布拉多半岛是加拿大北部的一个巨大半岛，位于加拿大东部，面积约为1,620,000平方公里。它分属于魁北克省和纽芬兰省，最高峰海拔超过1,520公尺，沿海有许多小岛。半岛是加拿大地盾高原的最东面部分，政治上通常指纽芬兰方面的部分。而属于魁北克省的部分被称为昂加瓦半岛。两省对这一地区的政治控制权一直存在争议，直至1927年两省的边界线得到确立后，争议才逐渐平息。" ], [ "边界线是如何得到确立的？", @@ -281433,7 +281433,7 @@ "history": [ [ "维尔哈伦1855～1916年Verhaeren, émile比利时诗人。用法语写作，着有三十余卷诗作以其活力和视野开阔最为人称道。他参加了引起1890年代文艺复兴运动的布鲁塞尔小组。他的第一本书《法兰德斯女人》（1883），是一本极端自然主义的诗歌集。后来对社会问题的日益关心使他写出《幻想的村庄》、《触手般扩展的城市》和《阳光明媚的时刻》（1896）。他的诗作的三大主题为佛兰德故土、人的生命力以及对妻子的柔情和爱。他还出版了剧本和论艺术的书。\n\n你好，我想了解一下比利时诗人维尔哈伦。他是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human！维尔哈伦（Émile Verhaeren）是一位比利时诗人，他出生于1855年。他在文学领域的成就非常高，以其诗歌的活力和视野开阔为人称道。如果您有更多关于他的问题，请随时提问。" + "维尔哈伦（Émile Verhaeren）是一位比利时诗人，他出生于1855年。他在文学领域的成就非常高，以其诗歌的活力和视野开阔为人称道。如果您有更多关于他的问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "请告诉我维尔哈伦参加的那个引起1890年代文艺复兴运动的组织叫什么？", @@ -281822,7 +281822,7 @@ "history": [ [ "ROM全名唯读记忆体（read-only memory）电脑记忆体类型，在切断电源供应之后不会流失其内容，一旦制造或写入之后就无法覆写。一般用于无须修改就可重复使用的程式，例如个人电脑的启动程序，ROM用于储存电脑控制单元的程式。亦请参阅CD-ROM、compact disc。\n\n请问ROM是什么？它有什么作用？", - "你好，Human。ROM是指只读存储器（read-only memory）。它是一种计算机存储器类型，其特点是在断电后仍然能够保持存储的内容，而且一旦数据被写入，就无法再被覆写。ROM通常用于储存无需更改就可以重复使用的程序，例如个人电脑的启动程序。由于ROM存储了电脑控制单元的程序，因此它是电脑运行的关键组成部分。" + "ROM是指只读存储器（read-only memory）。它是一种计算机存储器类型，其特点是在断电后仍然能够保持存储的内容，而且一旦数据被写入，就无法再被覆写。ROM通常用于储存无需更改就可以重复使用的程序，例如个人电脑的启动程序。由于ROM存储了电脑控制单元的程序，因此它是电脑运行的关键组成部分。" ], [ "那么我能改变ROM里面的内容吗？", @@ -281847,7 +281847,7 @@ "history": [ [ "钾硷potash泛指钾的各种化合物。主要指碳酸盐（K2CO3），呈白色晶体，以前从木材的灰烬中提取。它们被用来制造各种玻璃、钾硅酸盐（一种脱水剂）、色素、印刷油墨和肥皂，也被用来刷洗粗羊毛，同时被用做实验试剂和食品添加剂。氢氧化钾常被称为腐蚀性碳酸钾，在肥料工业中，也把氧化钾称作钾碱。\n\n你好，请问钾硷是什么？", - "你好，Human！钾硷泛指钾的各种化合物，主要指碳酸盐（K2CO3），它呈白色晶体的形态。钾硷曾经通过从木材的灰烬中提取制备得到。它们被广泛应用在制造各种玻璃、钾硅酸盐、色素、印刷油墨、肥皂等领域，并用于刷洗粗羊毛，同时也可作为实验试剂和食品添加剂。" + "钾硷泛指钾的各种化合物，主要指碳酸盐（K2CO3），它呈白色晶体的形态。钾硷曾经通过从木材的灰烬中提取制备得到。它们被广泛应用在制造各种玻璃、钾硅酸盐、色素、印刷油墨、肥皂等领域，并用于刷洗粗羊毛，同时也可作为实验试剂和食品添加剂。" ], [ "钾硷和肥皂的关系是什么？", @@ -282289,7 +282289,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴纳伊巴河Parnaíba River巴西东北部河流。源出塔巴廷加（Tabatinga）山，向东北流入大西洋，在入口处形成一三角洲。全长1,700公里（1,056哩）。有重大经济价值。吃水浅的船只至少可从河口向南航行到卡宁德河的汇流处。位于河口附近的巴纳伊巴港（人口约128,000〔1991〕）是一商业中心。\n\n请问巴纳伊巴河是哪个国家的河流？", - "你好，Human！巴纳伊巴河位于巴西，是巴西东北部的一条河流。从这份信息可以看出，这条河流对巴西地区具有重要的经济价值，并且有发展潜力。如果您有关于巴纳伊巴河的其他问题或者需要帮助的地方，请随时告诉我。" + "巴纳伊巴河位于巴西，是巴西东北部的一条河流。从这份信息可以看出，这条河流对巴西地区具有重要的经济价值，并且有发展潜力。如果您有关于巴纳伊巴河的其他问题或者需要帮助的地方，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "巴纳伊巴河全长多少公里？", @@ -282461,7 +282461,7 @@ "history": [ [ "列柱廊colonnade支承檐部的一排柱子，可作为单独的建筑，如走廊，也可作为建筑的一部分，如门廊等。最早的列柱廊出现在古典神庙建筑中，在希腊和罗马还保存许多遗迹。古希腊各地，如雅典，建有用作集市的列柱廊。而巴西利卡的列柱廊常是用来隔开侧堂和中堂。\n\n请问列柱廊是什么？", - "你好，Human。列柱廊是一种建筑形式，由一排柱子支承檐部组成。它可以作为独立建筑，如走廊，也可作为其他建筑的一部分，如门廊等。这种设计最早出现在古典神庙建筑中，而在希腊和罗马的古代遗迹中，我们仍然可以看到许多这样的建筑结构。" + "列柱廊是一种建筑形式，由一排柱子支承檐部组成。它可以作为独立建筑，如走廊，也可作为其他建筑的一部分，如门廊等。这种设计最早出现在古典神庙建筑中，而在希腊和罗马的古代遗迹中，我们仍然可以看到许多这样的建筑结构。" ], [ "能简单介绍一下列柱廊的历史和发展吗？", @@ -282537,7 +282537,7 @@ "history": [ [ "史蒂芬金1947年～King, Stephen (Edwin)美国小说家和短篇小说作家。生于缅因州波特兰，在缅因大学就学，后在该州过着平静的生活。他有许多受欢迎作品，使他成为畅销作家，这些书融恐怖、死亡、幻想和科学小说于一炉。《嘉莉》（1974）是他的第一部小说并立即获得成功，接着相继出版了《吸血鬼复仇记》（1975）、《鬼店》（1977）、《末日逼近》（1978）、《死亡地带》（1979）、《燃烧的凝视》（1980）、《狂犬库丘》（1981）、《克丽斯汀》（1983）、《它》（1986）、《战栗游戏》（1987）和《人鬼双胞胎》（1989），《黑塔》系列（1992～1997）、《玫瑰红》（1996）、《绿色奇蹟》系列（1996）、《一袋骨头》（1998），及其他许多作品。其中许多被改编拍成卖座的电影。\n\n你好，请问史蒂芬金是谁，他成名的作品是哪一部呢？", - "你好，Human！史蒂芬金（Stephen King）是美国著名的小说家和短篇小说作家，生于1947年，他的作品主要涉及恐怖、死亡、幻想和科幻元素。他的第一部小说《嘉莉》（Carrie，1974年）使他成名，该作品讲述了一位女孩嘉莉的故事，描绘了她如何发掘并运用她内在的超能力。这部小说受到广泛关注，为他后来的成功奠定了基础。" + "史蒂芬金（Stephen King）是美国著名的小说家和短篇小说作家，生于1947年，他的作品主要涉及恐怖、死亡、幻想和科幻元素。他的第一部小说《嘉莉》（Carrie，1974年）使他成名，该作品讲述了一位女孩嘉莉的故事，描绘了她如何发掘并运用她内在的超能力。这部小说受到广泛关注，为他后来的成功奠定了基础。" ], [ "史蒂芬金还有哪些著名作品？有一部叫《鬼店》吗？", @@ -282575,7 +282575,7 @@ "history": [ [ "五旬节派Pentecostalism19～20世纪起源于美国的新教运动。该派认为基督徒必须追求一种叫作圣灵的洗礼这类后来改变信仰的宗教体验。这种经验与圣灵第一次在耶路撒冷降临在基督十二使徒身上的情况相同（圣灵降临节），以说方言、预言、治病为证。五旬节派是从19世纪的圣洁运动发展而来，并且和圣洁运动同样强调按字面解释圣经、悔改重生以及道德力量。天主教的神授超凡能力运动和基督教的主流派别表现了同样的精神。现今美国和全世界有许多五旬节派别，包括神召会。五旬节派在加勒比海地区、拉丁美洲及非洲尤为盛行。\n\n你好，请问五旬节派Pentecostalism是什么？", - "你好，Human！五旬节派Pentecostalism是一种起源于19～20世纪美国的新教运动。该派认为基督徒应该追求一种被称为“圣灵的洗礼”的宗教体验，这种体验与圣灵第一次在耶路撒冷降临基督的十二使徒身上的情况相同。五旬节派的信徒认为神通过说方言、预言和治病这样的恩赐来证明他们的信仰。五旬节派发展自19世纪的圣洁运动，同样强调按字面理解圣经、悔改重生以及道德的力量。" + "五旬节派Pentecostalism是一种起源于19～20世纪美国的新教运动。该派认为基督徒应该追求一种被称为“圣灵的洗礼”的宗教体验，这种体验与圣灵第一次在耶路撒冷降临基督的十二使徒身上的情况相同。五旬节派的信徒认为神通过说方言、预言和治病这样的恩赐来证明他们的信仰。五旬节派发展自19世纪的圣洁运动，同样强调按字面理解圣经、悔改重生以及道德的力量。" ], [ "五旬节派的信仰与其他基督教派别有什么不同之处？", @@ -282788,7 +282788,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克拉斯诺亚尔斯克Krasnoyarsk俄罗斯中北部城市（1995年人口约869,000）。位于叶尼塞河上游，1628年由哥萨克人创建。17世纪后期，经常受到鞑靼人和吉尔吉斯人的攻击。1890年代西伯利亚大铁路为它带来了快速增长时期。它有世界上最大的水电站之一，建于1960年代。现在它是个商业和工业中心。\n\n我了解到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克是俄罗斯中北部的一个城市，你能给我简单介绍一下这个城市的历史发展吗？", - "你好，Human！克拉斯诺亚尔斯克位于叶尼塞河上游，由哥萨克人在1628年创建。从17世纪后期开始，其经历了一段时期的鞑靼人和吉尔吉斯人的攻击。然而，到了1890年代，西伯利亚大铁路的修建为这座城市带来了迅速的发展，使其逐渐崛起。到了20世纪60年代，在这里建成了世界上最大的水电站之一。如今，克拉斯诺亚尔斯克已经发展成为一个商业和工业中心。希望这个简要的介绍能够帮助你了解这个城市的历史发展。" + "克拉斯诺亚尔斯克位于叶尼塞河上游，由哥萨克人在1628年创建。从17世纪后期开始，其经历了一段时期的鞑靼人和吉尔吉斯人的攻击。然而，到了1890年代，西伯利亚大铁路的修建为这座城市带来了迅速的发展，使其逐渐崛起。到了20世纪60年代，在这里建成了世界上最大的水电站之一。如今，克拉斯诺亚尔斯克已经发展成为一个商业和工业中心。希望这个简要的介绍能够帮助你了解这个城市的历史发展。" ], [ "谢谢！关于克拉斯诺亚尔斯克的水电站，能提供更多细节吗？", @@ -283174,7 +283174,7 @@ "history": [ [ "眼镜熊spectacled bear亦称Andean bear熊科中唯一南美种的熊。学名为Tremarctos ornatus。栖息在山区的森林中，特别是在安地斯山脉。主要以植物的地上部分和果实为食。善攀爬。肩高约60公分，体长12～18公尺，尾长7公分。毛粗厚，深褐至黑色。眼旁围着一圈灰白至浅黄色的斑纹，如戴「眼镜」，这种斑纹常往下延伸到颈部至胸部。\n\n请问眼镜熊是什么动物？", - "你好，Human！眼镜熊，又称安第斯熊，是熊科中唯一的南美种。学名为Tremarctos ornatus。它们主要栖息在山区的森林中，特别是在安地斯山脉。眼镜熊以植物的地上部分和果实为主要食物来源，它们善长攀爬。它们的特征是眼旁有一圈灰白至浅黄色的斑纹，看起来像戴了一副“眼镜”，这种斑纹常往下延伸到颈部至胸部。眼镜熊肩高约为60公分，体长为1.2米至1.8米，尾巴长度约7公分。它们的毛发粗厚，深褐至黑色。" + "眼镜熊，又称安第斯熊，是熊科中唯一的南美种。学名为Tremarctos ornatus。它们主要栖息在山区的森林中，特别是在安地斯山脉。眼镜熊以植物的地上部分和果实为主要食物来源，它们善长攀爬。它们的特征是眼旁有一圈灰白至浅黄色的斑纹，看起来像戴了一副“眼镜”，这种斑纹常往下延伸到颈部至胸部。眼镜熊肩高约为60公分，体长为1.2米至1.8米，尾巴长度约7公分。它们的毛发粗厚，深褐至黑色。" ], [ "请问眼镜熊的生活习性有哪些？", @@ -283273,7 +283273,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣萨尔瓦多San Salvador萨尔瓦多首都。1525年西班牙人在苏奇托附近建立，1528年该城迁至现址。1546年建制。1839年成为萨尔瓦多首都。1970年代末该城成为政府与左翼政治团体武力争夺的焦点。该城为国家的金融、商业和工业中心，主要生产纺织品、服装、皮制品和木制品。该城也是萨尔瓦多国立大学的所在地。曾在1854、1873和1917年遭受地震袭击，1934年又遭受洪水侵袭，该城屡次重建。1986年该城再次发生地震，九百余人丧生。人口1,522,000（1992）。\n\n请问圣萨尔瓦多是哪个国家的首都？", - "你好，Human。圣萨尔瓦多是萨尔瓦多国的首都。" + "圣萨尔瓦多是萨尔瓦多国的首都。" ], [ "萨尔瓦多首都圣萨尔瓦多的历史有哪些重要的事件？", @@ -283852,7 +283852,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克雷桑1685～1768年Cressent, Charles最富于创新精神的法国家具大师之一，也研究雕塑，还擅长金属加工。1710年到巴黎，开始在布尔（A-C Boulle）的工场工作。1715年任法兰西摄政王奥尔良公爵的家具工匠。早期作品属于路易十四世风格；随后（1730?～1750）日趋端庄、柔美而有力，摒弃了洛可可式的浮华；1750年以后又回复古典式样。他是巴洛克式与洛可可式之间的过渡形式--法国摄政时期风格--的主要代表，这一式样的家具形态轻盈，曲线流畅，与早期路易十四世风格的庄严迥然不同。在他的家具作品中，常以仿金铜箔进行装饰，这是18世纪法国家具的重要特征。他对于完善多色木镶嵌工艺也有贡献。\n\n请问查尔斯·克雷桑是哪个时期的家具设计师？", - "你好，Human。查尔斯·克雷桑（Charles Cressent，1685-1768）是18世纪初的法国家具设计大师。他主要活跃在1710年到1768年之间，代表了法国从巴洛克式向洛可可式过渡时期风格的家具设计。" + "查尔斯·克雷桑（Charles Cressent，1685-1768）是18世纪初的法国家具设计大师。他主要活跃在1710年到1768年之间，代表了法国从巴洛克式向洛可可式过渡时期风格的家具设计。" ], [ "他擅长哪些方面的工艺？", @@ -283902,7 +283902,7 @@ "history": [ [ "苏美Sumer指古巴比伦尼亚、美索不达米亚南部和底格里斯－幼发拉底河河谷地区，在今伊拉克南部。最初由非闪族的欧贝德人居民在西元前4500～4000年定居，是苏美文明的最初来源，他们为了农业生产而开辟出大片沼泽，并发展了商业。操闪米特语的苏美人在西元前3300年来到此地并占领了该区，建立了世界上最早的城市，后成为城邦。当城邦之间的竞争升高后，它们各自采用了君主政治机构，最后在一个城市和其他城市统治下形成松散的联盟，开始于西元前2800年左右的基什（Kish）。之后，基什、埃雷克（Erech）、乌尔（Ur）、尼普尔（Nippur）和拉格什（Lagash）为争夺统治地位而进行数百年的争斗。该地区后来成为埃兰领地（西元前2530?～西元前2450年），再转手给阿卡德国王萨尔贡（西元前2334?～西元前2279年）领导下的阿卡德王国。在阿卡德王国崩溃后，各城邦之间又各自独立，直到被乌尔第三王朝统一（西元前21世纪到西元前20世纪）。这是最后一个苏美王国，而它也在外国人的入侵下土崩瓦解，富有特色的苏美国家从此消失，在西元前18世纪成为巴比伦尼亚帝国的一部分。苏美人的遗产包括一些技术和文化上的发明，如已知的第一辆带轮子的交通工具和陶工转盘、一套文字系统（参阅cuneiform writing）和法典。\n\n你好，请告诉我苏美文明的起源和地理位置。", - "你好，Human！苏美文明起源于西元前4500-4000年，最初是由非闪族的欧贝德人定居并发展起来的。苏美地区位于古巴比伦尼亚、美索不达米亚南部和底格里斯－幼发拉底河河谷地区，在今天的伊拉克南部。这里具有丰富的自然资源，为古人提供了发展农业生产和商业的有利条件。" + "苏美文明起源于西元前4500-4000年，最初是由非闪族的欧贝德人定居并发展起来的。苏美地区位于古巴比伦尼亚、美索不达米亚南部和底格里斯－幼发拉底河河谷地区，在今天的伊拉克南部。这里具有丰富的自然资源，为古人提供了发展农业生产和商业的有利条件。" ], [ "闪米特族是如何占领苏美地区的？", @@ -284005,7 +284005,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黄杨box黄杨科黄杨属（Buxus）植物的常绿灌木和小树，以观赏树种和栽为有用的黄杨木闻名。黄杨科含树木、灌木和草本植物七个属，原产北美、欧洲、北非和亚洲。花有雌有雄，无花瓣，雌雄异株。似皮革的常绿叶简单且交互生长。果实是含一或二种子的蒴果或核果。黄杨属有三个种可广为栽种成黄杨木：锦熟黄杨（Buxus sempervirens，即普通黄杨、常绿黄杨）用作树篱、花坛和修剪成各种形状；小叶黄杨（B microphylla，即日本黄杨）；以及高黄杨树（B balearica）。\n\n你好，请问黄杨科植物有哪些特点？", - "你好，Human！黄杨科植物主要包括常绿灌木和小树。这些植物原产于北美、欧洲、北非和亚洲。特点为花有雌有雄，无花瓣，雌雄异株；叶子则似皮革质地，常绿且简单，交互生长。果实可以是含有一或两颗种子的蒴果或核果。总的来说，黄杨科植物以观赏性和黄杨木的实用性而闻名。" + "黄杨科植物主要包括常绿灌木和小树。这些植物原产于北美、欧洲、北非和亚洲。特点为花有雌有雄，无花瓣，雌雄异株；叶子则似皮革质地，常绿且简单，交互生长。果实可以是含有一或两颗种子的蒴果或核果。总的来说，黄杨科植物以观赏性和黄杨木的实用性而闻名。" ], [ "能介绍一下黄杨属中的那三个可以栽种成黄杨木的种类吗？", @@ -284203,7 +284203,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天然桥国家保护区Natural Bridges National Monument美国犹他州东南部的国家保护区。包含三座由两条弯曲的河流穿蚀而成的大型天然桥，1908年成立保护区。最大的锡帕普桥高68公尺，跨度80公尺。在另一座桥卡奇纳上有早期悬崖居民刻下的象形文字。\n\n请问天然桥国家保护区的具体位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human！天然桥国家保护区（Natural Bridges National Monument）位于美国犹他州东南部。它是一个保护区，目的是保护这里的自然地貌和人类历史遗产。" + "天然桥国家保护区（Natural Bridges National Monument）位于美国犹他州东南部。它是一个保护区，目的是保护这里的自然地貌和人类历史遗产。" ], [ "天然桥国家保护区有哪些特别之处？", @@ -284222,7 +284222,7 @@ "history": [ [ "默罗1908～1965年Murrow, Edward (Egbert) R(oscoe)美国广播和电视播音员。1935年进入哥伦比亚广播公司，两年后成为其欧洲公司的负责人。他因为对导致第二次世界大战和第二次世界大战中发生的事件的见证人般的报道而闻名。战后，他和弗兰德利创办了一个权威的广播消息节目《现在请听》，在电视上相应的则是《现在请看》。他还制作了《面对面》和其他电视节目。他是1950年代的消息自由传播的有影响的人物，还导致了参议员约麦卡锡丑闻的着名的曝光事件。\n\n请问默罗（Edward R. Murrow）是谁？", - "你好，Human。默罗（Edward R. Murrow，1908-1965），全名Edward Egbert Roscoe Murrow，是一位美国广播和电视播音员。他在1935年加入哥伦比亚广播公司，并在两年后成为欧洲公司的负责人。默罗以在第二次世界大战前期和战争期间饱含见证力度的报道而闻名。战后，他和弗兰德利共同创办了一个权威的广播消息节目《现在请听》，电视版则是《现在请看》。此外，他还制作了《面对面》等电视节目。他在1950年代积极推动新闻自由，对社会产生了深远影响，同时还揭露了参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡的丑闻。" + "默罗（Edward R. Murrow，1908-1965），全名Edward Egbert Roscoe Murrow，是一位美国广播和电视播音员。他在1935年加入哥伦比亚广播公司，并在两年后成为欧洲公司的负责人。默罗以在第二次世界大战前期和战争期间饱含见证力度的报道而闻名。战后，他和弗兰德利共同创办了一个权威的广播消息节目《现在请听》，电视版则是《现在请看》。此外，他还制作了《面对面》等电视节目。他在1950年代积极推动新闻自由，对社会产生了深远影响，同时还揭露了参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡的丑闻。" ], [ "默罗主持的电视节目《现在请看》，有哪些特色呢？", @@ -284344,7 +284344,7 @@ "history": [ [ "使徒圣约翰John the Apostle, St亦称传福音的圣约翰（St John the Evangelist）或圣者约翰（St John the Divine）活动时期西元1世纪耶稣的十二位使徒之一，传统上认为是《新约》中第四部〈福音书〉和〈使徒行传〉的作者。〈启示录〉传统上也认为是他的作品。其父是渔夫西庇太，约翰与兄弟雅各（参阅James, Saint）同属最早蒙耶稣召唤的诸门徒之列，耶稣复活后约翰在早期教会占一重要地位。约翰以后经历不详。据说他死后葬在以弗所，他的墓地成为朝圣地。〈约翰福音〉与其他三部〈福音书〉不同处是，它表达了成熟的神学观点，可与圣保罗的书信媲美。在一篇序言中他以文字确认上帝（参阅logos）后，他提出了从耶稣生平和圣职人员选出的一些事件。他的神学主题分析如︰伟大的上帝之子，对基督教教义的发展产生重大的影响。\n\n你好，请问你知道使徒圣约翰是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！使徒圣约翰（John the Apostle, St）是耶稣的十二位使徒之一，他有好几个别名，如传福音的圣约翰（St John the Evangelist）和圣者约翰（St John the Divine）。他活跃于公元1世纪，被认为是《新约》中《约翰福音》和《使徒行传》的作者。《启示录》的作者也被传统认为是他。他与兄弟雅各同为最早的耶稣门徒，复活后在早期教会中占据重要地位。他的后半生经历不详，据说葬在以弗所，墓地成为朝圣之地。" + "使徒圣约翰（John the Apostle, St）是耶稣的十二位使徒之一，他有好几个别名，如传福音的圣约翰（St John the Evangelist）和圣者约翰（St John the Divine）。他活跃于公元1世纪，被认为是《新约》中《约翰福音》和《使徒行传》的作者。《启示录》的作者也被传统认为是他。他与兄弟雅各同为最早的耶稣门徒，复活后在早期教会中占据重要地位。他的后半生经历不详，据说葬在以弗所，墓地成为朝圣之地。" ], [ "使徒圣约翰的《约翰福音》和其他三本福音书有什么不同？", @@ -284603,7 +284603,7 @@ "history": [ [ "约翰三世杜卡斯瓦塔特泽斯1193～1254年John III Ducas Vatatzes尼西亚皇帝（1222～1254年在位）。1223年继承狄奥多一世成为皇帝并打败了争夺王位者。两年后战胜了支持其他皇家竞争者的拉丁势力，进而控制了小亚细亚。他与伊凡阿森二世结盟对抗伊庇鲁斯（1230）和君士坦丁堡（1235），迫使阿森与其开战（1235～1237）。他兼并了保加利亚（1241）和伊庇鲁斯（1242），还支持其尼西亚首都文化的文化复兴运动，为日后拜占庭帝国的重建铺平道路。死后被正教会追諡为圣徒。\n\n你好，请问约翰三世杜卡斯瓦塔特泽斯是什么时期的尼西亚皇帝？", - "你好，Human！约翰三世杜卡斯瓦塔特泽斯（John III Ducas Vatatzes）是1193年至1254年间的尼西亚皇帝。他在1222年至1254年间执政。由于他在位期间的政治和军事成就，后来被正教会追封为圣徒。" + "约翰三世杜卡斯瓦塔特泽斯（John III Ducas Vatatzes）是1193年至1254年间的尼西亚皇帝。他在1222年至1254年间执政。由于他在位期间的政治和军事成就，后来被正教会追封为圣徒。" ], [ "那么，请问约翰三世是如何继承狄奥多一世成为皇帝的？", @@ -284664,7 +284664,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乌尔基萨1801～1870年Urquiza, Justo José de阿根廷军人和政治家，推翻了罗萨斯，1841年成为恩特雷里奥斯省省长。他与地方首领结成联盟，于1852年击败罗萨斯。召集制宪会议，并通过一部美国式的宪法，各省大部接受了这部宪法，仅布宜诺斯艾利斯省拒绝加入新成立的联邦，直到1859年才成为其成员。1860年离开总统职务，带领阿根廷军队在帕翁战役中获胜。他和他的儿子被一个政敌的支持者所暗杀。\n\n我想了解一下阿根廷军人和政治家乌尔基萨，你能介绍一下他的主要事迹吗？", - "你好Human，乌尔基萨（Justo José de Urquiza）是一位阿根廷军人和政治家，活跃于19世纪。他在1841年成为了恩特雷里奥斯省省长。后来，他联合地方首领推翻了罗萨斯，成为阿根廷的关键人物。在1852年击败罗萨斯之后，他召集制宪会议并通过了一部美国式的宪法。各省大部分接受了这部宪法，但布宜诺斯艾利斯省一直到1859年才加入新成立的联邦。乌尔基萨在1860年结束了总统职务，随后带领阿根廷军队在帕翁战役中取得胜利。遗憾的是，最后他和他的儿子被一名政敌的支持者所暗杀。" + "乌尔基萨（Justo José de Urquiza）是一位阿根廷军人和政治家，活跃于19世纪。他在1841年成为了恩特雷里奥斯省省长。后来，他联合地方首领推翻了罗萨斯，成为阿根廷的关键人物。在1852年击败罗萨斯之后，他召集制宪会议并通过了一部美国式的宪法。各省大部分接受了这部宪法，但布宜诺斯艾利斯省一直到1859年才加入新成立的联邦。乌尔基萨在1860年结束了总统职务，随后带领阿根廷军队在帕翁战役中取得胜利。遗憾的是，最后他和他的儿子被一名政敌的支持者所暗杀。" ], [ "请问乌尔基萨和地方首领是如何联手推翻罗萨斯的呢？", @@ -284828,7 +284828,7 @@ "history": [ [ "加泰隆尼亚Catalonia西班牙东北部自治区和历史区。包括西班牙东北部的赫罗纳、巴塞隆纳、塔拉戈纳和莱里达四省。庇里牛斯山脉为该区与法国的分界岭，自治区的东部是地中海。主要河流是特尔河、略夫雷加特河和厄波罗河，均流入地中海。加泰隆尼亚是罗马人在西班牙建立的最早领地之一。西元5世纪时为哥德人占领，西元712年被摩尔人攻陷，8世纪末又落入查理曼手中。1469年西班牙完成统一后，加泰隆尼亚在西班牙国家事务中退居次要地位。17世纪时它与卡斯提尔的利益冲突导致加泰隆人开始进行一系列的分立主义活动。1876年以后，加泰隆民族主义变成一股重大的势力。1932年与中央政府达成协议，准予其自治。1939年民族主义的胜利意味着自治的丧失，佛朗哥的政府对加泰隆民族主义采取镇压政策。佛朗哥死后，西班牙重建民主制度，加泰隆尼亚再度要求自治。如今加泰隆尼亚是西班牙最富饶和工业化程度最高的地区。首府为巴塞隆纳。面积31,930平方公里。人口约6,090,000（1996）。\n\n请问加泰隆尼亚是哪个国家的自治区？", - "你好，Human。加泰隆尼亚是西班牙东北部的一个自治区。它位于地中海沿岸，与法国接壤，包括赫罗纳、巴塞隆纳、塔拉戈纳和莱里达四个省份。之所以说它是西班牙的一个自治区，是因为它拥有一定程度的自主权，可以在一些事务上独立决策，同时保留了丰富的历史和文化特色，使其在很多方面都有别于西班牙其他地区。" + "加泰隆尼亚是西班牙东北部的一个自治区。它位于地中海沿岸，与法国接壤，包括赫罗纳、巴塞隆纳、塔拉戈纳和莱里达四个省份。之所以说它是西班牙的一个自治区，是因为它拥有一定程度的自主权，可以在一些事务上独立决策，同时保留了丰富的历史和文化特色，使其在很多方面都有别于西班牙其他地区。" ], [ "加泰隆尼亚的历史沿革是怎样的？", @@ -284923,7 +284923,7 @@ { "instruction": "功利主义utilitarianism伦理学中的一个传统。起源于18世纪末、19世纪初英国哲学家兼经济学家边沁和弥尔。其基本原则是︰一种行为如果有助于增进幸福，则为正确的；如果导致产生和幸福相反的东西，则为错误的。幸福不仅涉及行为的当事人，也涉及受该行为影响的每一个人。在功利主义者看来，不好的动机也可能做出好事。功利主义者将行为所产生的好的结果及坏的结果均包括在内。如果两种行为的结果差别不大，则功利主义者认为它们之间的选择不存在道德问题。弥尔认为︰只有当行为的结果具有重大意义时，则应当区分道德上的是或非。\n\n请问你能给我详细解释一下功利主义是什么吗？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！当然可以。功利主义是伦理学中的一个传统观念，它起源于18世纪末、19世纪初英国的哲学家兼经济学家边沁和弥尔。功利主义的基本原则认为：一种行为如果有助于增进幸福，则为正确的；如果导致产生和幸福相反的东西，则为错误的。幸福不仅涉及行为的当事人，也涉及受该行为影响的每一个人。实际上，即使动机不好，只要结果有利于提高幸福，那么这样的行为在功利主义者看来也可以被认为是好事。功利主义者会将行为所产生的好的结果及坏的结果全部纳入考虑。如果两种行为的结果差别不大，则功利主义者认为它们之间的选择不存在道德问题。弥尔认为，只有当行为的结果具有重大意义时，才应该区分道德上的是非。", + "output": "当然可以。功利主义是伦理学中的一个传统观念，它起源于18世纪末、19世纪初英国的哲学家兼经济学家边沁和弥尔。功利主义的基本原则认为：一种行为如果有助于增进幸福，则为正确的；如果导致产生和幸福相反的东西，则为错误的。幸福不仅涉及行为的当事人，也涉及受该行为影响的每一个人。实际上，即使动机不好，只要结果有利于提高幸福，那么这样的行为在功利主义者看来也可以被认为是好事。功利主义者会将行为所产生的好的结果及坏的结果全部纳入考虑。如果两种行为的结果差别不大，则功利主义者认为它们之间的选择不存在道德问题。弥尔认为，只有当行为的结果具有重大意义时，才应该区分道德上的是非。", "history": [] }, { @@ -285181,7 +285181,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西番莲科passionflower family菫菜目一科，约含20属，600种，草质或木质藤本，灌木或乔木，多分布于温暖地区。许多西番莲属种类的果可食。西番莲属为最大的属，以其鲜艳奇特的花而极受珍视。花中心有一似台座构造，包含两性的生殖部分。西番莲科的花常被作为耶稣基督的最后数小时的象征物（耶稣受难），也解释了其科名的由来。\n\n根据刚刚给你的信息，请问西番莲科有多少种植物？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，西番莲科大约包含20个属，有大约600种植物。它们多分布于温暖地区，主要为草质或木质藤本，灌木或乔木。" + "根据提供的信息，西番莲科大约包含20个属，有大约600种植物。它们多分布于温暖地区，主要为草质或木质藤本，灌木或乔木。" ], [ "西番莲科中哪些植物的果实可以食用呢？", @@ -285288,7 +285288,7 @@ "history": [ [ "何奥洞Howe Caverns美国纽约州中东部石灰岩洞群。奥尔班尼以西。以莱斯特何奥之名命名，他于1842年发现。内有奇形怪状岩石多组和地下水道。有电梯和小舟可荡游。第二个岩洞群--「幽洞」，内有地下瀑布和海洋生物化石。\n\n请问何奥洞（Howe Caverns）在美国纽约州的哪个区域？", - "你好，Human！何奥洞（Howe Caverns）位于美国纽约州中东部的一个石灰岩洞群区域，距离奥尔班尼市向西一段距离。很高兴为你提供这方面的信息。" + "何奥洞（Howe Caverns）位于美国纽约州中东部的一个石灰岩洞群区域，距离奥尔班尼市向西一段距离。很高兴为你提供这方面的信息。" ], [ "谢谢！这个洞穴是怎么发现的呢？", @@ -286063,7 +286063,7 @@ { "instruction": "共产党Communist Party一种政党，其成立目的是为促使社会从资本主义（capitalism）过渡到社会主义（socialism）再到共产主义（communism）。俄国是第一个由共产主义者掌权的国家（1917）。布尔什维克（Bolshevik）党在1918年更名为俄国共产党（All-Russian Communist Party）；取这个名字是为了要跟那些在第一次世界大战期间支持资本主义政府的第二国际（Second International）社会主义者作区别。该政党的基本单位是工人会议（苏维埃，soviet），其上则是区、市、专区、全国等各级委员会。位于最顶端的是全国代表大会，每几年才举行一次；大会代表选出中央委员会委员，再由他们选出政治局（Politburo）和书记处（Secretariat）成员，不过这些组织实际上很少有什么变动。苏联在第二次世界大战期间支配了世界各地的共产党。南斯拉夫（Yugoslavia）于1948年挑战这种霸权，中国则在1950和1960年代与苏联分道扬镳。各国共产党在苏联瓦解（1991）后仍存在，但是政治上的影响力小了许多。古巴（Cuba）仍由共产党统治，北韩（North Korea）也由世袭的共产党领袖所统治。\n\n请问共产党是如何从资本主义过渡到社会主义再到共产主义的？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！共产党的目标是通过一系列政策和措施，逐步将社会从资本主义过渡到社会主义，再到共产主义。这个过程通常包括以下几个步骤：\n\n1. 阶级斗争：共产党认为，资本主义社会中存在着不同的阶级，例如工人阶级和资产阶级。为了实现共产主义，需要通过阶级斗争，使工人阶级掌握政权。\n2. 社会主义制度建设：在工人阶级掌握政权后，共产党会推行一系列政策，如平均分配土地、国有化主要产业等，旨在摧毁资本主义制度，逐步实现社会主义。\n3. 全民共享：在社会主义制度下，共产党要求国家对社会财富进行合理分配，使全体人民共享社会发展的成果，消除贫富差距。\n4. 共产主义社会：当社会财富分配公平、无阶级差异时，社会将进入共产主义阶段。在这个阶段，国家将实现公有制，人们将按需分配资源和财富。\n\n共产党认为，这个过程需要长期的努力和斗争，但最终可以实现共产主义社会的建立。", + "output": "共产党的目标是通过一系列政策和措施，逐步将社会从资本主义过渡到社会主义，再到共产主义。这个过程通常包括以下几个步骤：\n\n1. 阶级斗争：共产党认为，资本主义社会中存在着不同的阶级，例如工人阶级和资产阶级。为了实现共产主义，需要通过阶级斗争，使工人阶级掌握政权。\n2. 社会主义制度建设：在工人阶级掌握政权后，共产党会推行一系列政策，如平均分配土地、国有化主要产业等，旨在摧毁资本主义制度，逐步实现社会主义。\n3. 全民共享：在社会主义制度下，共产党要求国家对社会财富进行合理分配，使全体人民共享社会发展的成果，消除贫富差距。\n4. 共产主义社会：当社会财富分配公平、无阶级差异时，社会将进入共产主义阶段。在这个阶段，国家将实现公有制，人们将按需分配资源和财富。\n\n共产党认为，这个过程需要长期的努力和斗争，但最终可以实现共产主义社会的建立。", "history": [] }, { @@ -286201,7 +286201,7 @@ "history": [ [ "心理语言学psycholinguistics研究和语言的感知、产生及获得有关的心理过程。心理语言学的大量研究工作是有关儿童学习语言的问题和儿童以及成年人的言语处理和理解力。在1960年代、1970年代，乔姆斯基的理论激发了许多研究，最近若干年心理语言学家也使用其他的模式。亦请参阅linguistics。\n\n你好，请问能告诉我心理语言学的定义吗？", - "你好，Human！心理语言学是研究和语言的感知、产生以及获得有关的心理过程的一门学科。这门学科关注的重点包括儿童学习语言的问题，以及儿童和成年人在言语处理和理解方面的能力。" + "心理语言学是研究和语言的感知、产生以及获得有关的心理过程的一门学科。这门学科关注的重点包括儿童学习语言的问题，以及儿童和成年人在言语处理和理解方面的能力。" ], [ "谢谢解释，那么乔姆斯基的理论在心理语言学中有什么贡献？", @@ -286522,7 +286522,7 @@ "history": [ [ "洋地黄foxglove亦称毛地黄。玄参科洋地黄属20～30种草本植物的统称，尤指紫花洋地黄（D purpurea）。原产欧洲、地中海地区和加那利群岛。叶着生于茎下部，互生，卵圆形至长圆形；花序长，顶生，簇向一侧；花钟状，紫色、黄色或白色，瓣片内面常有斑点。紫花洋地黄亦称普通洋地黄，是强心药洋地黄的原料，有栽培。\n\n请问洋地黄是一种什么植物？", - "你好，Human！洋地黄是玄参科洋地黄属的一组草本植物，大约包括20到30种。其中，最为有名的是紫花洋地黄（学名为Digitalis purpurea）。它们原产于欧洲、地中海地区和加那利群岛。此类植物的叶子着生于茎的下部，互生，呈卵圆形至长圆形；花序则顶生且簇拥向一侧，花呈钟状，可为紫色、黄色或白色，并且瓣片的内面常常有斑点。紫花洋地黄也称普通洋地黄，是制作强心药洋地黄的重要原料。" + "洋地黄是玄参科洋地黄属的一组草本植物，大约包括20到30种。其中，最为有名的是紫花洋地黄（学名为Digitalis purpurea）。它们原产于欧洲、地中海地区和加那利群岛。此类植物的叶子着生于茎的下部，互生，呈卵圆形至长圆形；花序则顶生且簇拥向一侧，花呈钟状，可为紫色、黄色或白色，并且瓣片的内面常常有斑点。紫花洋地黄也称普通洋地黄，是制作强心药洋地黄的重要原料。" ], [ "洋地黄的药用价值主要体现在哪些方面？", @@ -286967,7 +286967,7 @@ "history": [ [ "希律安提帕前21～西元39年Herod Antipas希律之子，耶稣基督在世时的加利利郡守（西元前4年～西元39年）。他要为施洗者约翰之死负责（应其妻希罗底和继女莎乐美的要求杀死他），但在后来当彼拉多向他施压去审判耶稣时，他拒绝合作。后来卷入叙利亚和纳巴泰人之间的阴谋中。在抨击希律亚基帕一世之后，被卡利古拉流放到高卢。其最有名的成就是创建了太巴列城。\n\n请问希律安提帕是谁？", - "你好，Human。希律安提帕（Herod Antipas）是希律大帝的儿子，他在耶稣基督在世时担任加利利郡守，时间大约是公元前4年到公元39年。他以其参与施洗者约翰的死亡以及创立太巴列城而闻名。希律安提帕要为施洗者约翰之死负责，因为他应妻子希罗底和继女莎乐美的要求杀死约翰。然而，当彼拉多要求他审判耶稣时，他拒绝与彼拉多合作。后来他还卷入了叙利亚和纳巴泰人之间的阴谋。" + "希律安提帕（Herod Antipas）是希律大帝的儿子，他在耶稣基督在世时担任加利利郡守，时间大约是公元前4年到公元39年。他以其参与施洗者约翰的死亡以及创立太巴列城而闻名。希律安提帕要为施洗者约翰之死负责，因为他应妻子希罗底和继女莎乐美的要求杀死约翰。然而，当彼拉多要求他审判耶稣时，他拒绝与彼拉多合作。后来他还卷入了叙利亚和纳巴泰人之间的阴谋。" ], [ "为什么希罗底和莎乐美会导致约翰被杀？", @@ -287142,7 +287142,7 @@ "history": [ [ "科希马Kohima印度东北部城镇，那加兰邦首府。地处那加丘陵，曼尼普尔北部边境附近。它是第二次世界大战中日军入侵英属印度的最远点。1944年曼尼普尔战役期间它被日军短期占领，但很快被英军夺回。人口53,000（1991）。\n\n请问科希马在印度的哪个地区？", - "你好，Human！科希马位于印度东北部，是那加兰邦的首府。它位于那加丘陵地区，靠近曼尼普尔北部边境。这个区域在印度版图上相对偏远，却拥有丰富的历史。" + "科希马位于印度东北部，是那加兰邦的首府。它位于那加丘陵地区，靠近曼尼普尔北部边境。这个区域在印度版图上相对偏远，却拥有丰富的历史。" ], [ "请告诉我有关科希马在第二次世界大战期间发生的事情。", @@ -287374,7 +287374,7 @@ "history": [ [ "霍金斯1904～1969年Hawkins, Coleman (Randolph)美国爵士乐音乐家，是第一个独奏次中音萨克管的重要爵士乐人物。曾在亨德森的大乐队工作（1924～1934），表现杰出，当时他汲取了路易斯阿姆斯壮的风格，并发展出平滑不断音的乐节和强力的音调，树立了次中音萨克管演奏者的标准技巧模式。1934～1939年在欧洲各地表演，返国后不久即录制《灵与肉》唱片，结果在销售上大获成功，也成为爵士乐即兴演奏大师之一。霍金斯善于接纳年轻演奏者在和音上的改进，他们也大都认同他的影响。\n\n请问Coleman Hawkins是谁？", - "你好，Human！Coleman Hawkins（1904-1969），全名Coleman Randolph Hawkins，是美国著名的爵士乐音乐家。他被誉为第一个重要的独奏次中音萨克管演奏家，对爵士乐的发展产生了深远的影响。" + "Coleman Hawkins（1904-1969），全名Coleman Randolph Hawkins，是美国著名的爵士乐音乐家。他被誉为第一个重要的独奏次中音萨克管演奏家，对爵士乐的发展产生了深远的影响。" ], [ "请你介绍一下Coleman Hawkins早期的音乐生涯？", @@ -287660,7 +287660,7 @@ "history": [ [ "旧大陆猴Old World monkey非洲与亚洲某些类人灵长类的统称，亦称狭鼻猴（catarrhine），与新大陆猴（阔鼻猴）有别。这个名称可能仅用于猴科成员（长尾猴、狒狒等），但也可以用来概括长臂猿科、猩猩科和人科。特点为双侧鼻孔靠紧，方向朝前或朝下，耳道骨质，如有尾亦不能缠卷，上、下颚两侧各有两个前磨牙。\n\n请问旧大陆猴和新大陆猴有什么区别？", - "你好，Human！旧大陆猴和新大陆猴的主要区别在于它们分布的地域、形态特征和鼻孔形状。旧大陆猴主要分布在非洲和亚洲，也被称为狭鼻猴（catarrhine）。新大陆猴则分布在美洲，被称为阔鼻猴。两者的一个显著区别是鼻孔形状：旧大陆猴的鼻孔靠紧，方向朝前或朝下；新大陆猴的鼻孔向两侧散开。此外，旧大陆猴的耳道骨质，尾巴不能缠卷；新大陆猴的耳道则是膜状，部分种类的尾巴具有缠卷能力。在牙齿结构上，旧大陆猴上下颚两侧各有两个前磨牙，而新大陆猴有三个。" + "旧大陆猴和新大陆猴的主要区别在于它们分布的地域、形态特征和鼻孔形状。旧大陆猴主要分布在非洲和亚洲，也被称为狭鼻猴（catarrhine）。新大陆猴则分布在美洲，被称为阔鼻猴。两者的一个显著区别是鼻孔形状：旧大陆猴的鼻孔靠紧，方向朝前或朝下；新大陆猴的鼻孔向两侧散开。此外，旧大陆猴的耳道骨质，尾巴不能缠卷；新大陆猴的耳道则是膜状，部分种类的尾巴具有缠卷能力。在牙齿结构上，旧大陆猴上下颚两侧各有两个前磨牙，而新大陆猴有三个。" ], [ "那么，旧大陆猴的种类有哪些？", @@ -287824,7 +287824,7 @@ "history": [ [ "格里哈尔瓦河Grijalva River墨西哥东南部河流。上游源自于瓜地马拉马德雷山脉和墨西哥索科努斯科山脉。向西北流经恰帕斯州（在当地被称为里奥恰帕斯），后大致与恰帕斯和塔瓦斯科州界平行，在比亚埃尔莫萨再转向北流，最后注入坎佩切湾。全长约640公里。其中一段可通行吃水浅的船只。\n\n请问墨西哥东南部的格里哈尔瓦河Grijalva River它的全长是多少呢？", - "你好，Human。格里哈尔瓦河（Grijalva River）全长约640公里。这条河流位于墨西哥的东南部地区。" + "格里哈尔瓦河（Grijalva River）全长约640公里。这条河流位于墨西哥的东南部地区。" ], [ "这条河流的上游分别源自哪里呢？", @@ -287995,7 +287995,7 @@ "history": [ [ "廷巴克图Tombouctou亦作Timbuktu马里共和国城镇（1987年人口约32,000），位于撒哈拉沙漠南缘，邻近尼日河。约西元前1100年由图阿雷格游牧部落创建。西元12世纪成为穿越撒哈拉沙漠的通商要道。后与马利帝国合并，约到西元13世纪晚期，该城成为伊斯兰文化中心（1400～1600?）。西元1500年左右桑海帝国统治该城，并将其发展成为商业和文化中心，达到鼎盛时。但到了16世纪末，摩洛哥人占领该城，使其很快衰败。1893年法国获得该城的统治权。1960年廷巴克图成为马利共和国的一部分。\n\n请问廷巴克图（Tombouctou或Timbuktu）是哪个国家的一个城镇？", - "你好，Human！廷巴克图（Tombouctou或Timbuktu）是属于非洲西部国家马里共和国的一个城镇。需要注意的是，它位于撒哈拉沙漠的南缘，靠近尼日河。" + "廷巴克图（Tombouctou或Timbuktu）是属于非洲西部国家马里共和国的一个城镇。需要注意的是，它位于撒哈拉沙漠的南缘，靠近尼日河。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！廷巴克图是什么时候被创建的呢？是由哪个部落创建的？", @@ -288041,7 +288041,7 @@ "history": [ [ "皮马人Pima操犹他-阿兹特克诸语言的北美印第安人。传统上住在亚利桑那州南部，这里是史前霍霍坎文化的中心地区，皮马人很可能是他们的后裔。原本过着定居农业生活，种植玉米为生，住所仅有一间房屋，利用希拉河和索尔特河来灌溉。也进行狩猎和采集。村落比其有近缘关系的帕帕戈人的居民点更大，也拥有一个更为强固的部落组织。皮马人长期以来与白人友好相处，而与阿帕契人为敌。皮马人现今约有一万人，多集中于亚利桑那州居留地。\n\n我刚刚了解了一些关于皮马人的信息，请问他们生活在哪个地区？", - "你好，Human。皮马人原本生活在亚利桑那州南部的地区。这里是史前霍霍坎文化的中心地区，皮马人很可能是霍霍坎文化的后裔。而现如今，他们大多集中于亚利桑那州的居留地。" + "皮马人原本生活在亚利桑那州南部的地区。这里是史前霍霍坎文化的中心地区，皮马人很可能是霍霍坎文化的后裔。而现如今，他们大多集中于亚利桑那州的居留地。" ], [ "请告诉我他们的主要生活方式和食物来源是什么？", @@ -288251,7 +288251,7 @@ "history": [ [ "香蕉banana芭蕉科芭蕉（Musa）属植物，又指其果实。植株为大型草本，从根茎长出，是重要的粮食作物之一，热带地区广泛栽培食用。香蕉味香、富于营养，终年可收获，在温带地区也很受重视。栽培品种数百个，最重要的品种可能是M sapientum。成熟果实碳水化合物含量高达22%，主要是糖分；含丰富的钾及维生素A、C，蛋白质和脂肪含量低。香蕉可鲜食，也可做成熟食。美国是最大的输入国。亦请参阅plantain。\n\n根据上面的介绍，香蕉属于什么科？什么属？", - "你好，Human！香蕉属于芭蕉科，学名是Musa属。对于你的问题，我帮你解答了吗？" + "香蕉属于芭蕉科，学名是Musa属。对于你的问题，我帮你解答了吗？" ], [ "是的，谢谢！成熟香蕉的主要营养成分是什么？", @@ -288362,7 +288362,7 @@ "history": [ [ "史东1872～1946年Stone, Harlan Fiske美国最高法院大法官。毕业于哥伦比亚法学院，后担任该校校长（1910～1923），同时兼当律师。1924年柯立芝总统任命他为美国司法部长，任期内他重组了因蒂波特山丑闻及其他丑闻而名誉大损的联邦调查局。1925年柯立芝总统任命他为最高法院大法官。1941年罗斯福总统提升他为首席大法官，他一直担任此职到死。他写了六百多条意见，很多是关于重要的宪法问题，人们常把他和布兰戴斯及小霍姆兹相提并论。\n\n我在一段文字中看到了关于史东的一些信息，但对他还不是很了解。请问他具体是谁？", - "你好，Human。史东（Harlan Fiske Stone，1872-1946）是一位美国最高法院大法官。他毕业于哥伦比亚法学院，并在后来担任该校校长。在1924年，当时的美国总统柯立芝任命他为美国司法部长，并在1925年任命他为最高法院大法官。在世时，他对许多重要的宪法问题发表了六百多篇意见，所以他常与布兰戴斯和小霍姆斯相提并论。" + "史东（Harlan Fiske Stone，1872-1946）是一位美国最高法院大法官。他毕业于哥伦比亚法学院，并在后来担任该校校长。在1924年，当时的美国总统柯立芝任命他为美国司法部长，并在1925年任命他为最高法院大法官。在世时，他对许多重要的宪法问题发表了六百多篇意见，所以他常与布兰戴斯和小霍姆斯相提并论。" ], [ "请问史东在担任美国司法部长时有哪些主要成就？", @@ -288716,7 +288716,7 @@ "history": [ [ "现代化modernization社会学中指从一个传统的、乡村的农业社会转化成一个非宗教的城市工业社会。现代化与工业化紧密相关。社会的现代化将越来越强调个人的作用，原来的社会基本单位如家庭、社区或职业团体也将日益被个人所取代。劳动的分工、工业化的特征仍然适用于社会组织制度，但将变得更加高度专业化。社会不再为传统或习俗所统治，而是遵循一套专门制定的抽象法则。现代化过程经常会弱化传统的宗教与精神信仰的重要性，甚至丧失一些独特的文化特征。\n\n请根据刚刚的描述，给我解释一下现代化的核心特征是什么？", - "你好，Human。现代化的核心特征包括以下几点：1) 从一个传统的、乡村的农业社会转变为一个非宗教的城市工业社会；2) 更加强调个人的作用，家庭、社区或职业团体等社会基本单位日益被个人取代；3) 劳动分工和工业化的特征更加适用于社会组织制度，变得更加高度专业化；4) 社会不再为传统或习俗所统治，而是遵循专门制定的抽象法则；5) 现代化过程可能导致传统宗教和精神信仰的弱化，甚至丧失一些文化特征。这些变化使得社会向现代化方向发展，提高了生产力、生活水平和科技进步。" + "现代化的核心特征包括以下几点：1) 从一个传统的、乡村的农业社会转变为一个非宗教的城市工业社会；2) 更加强调个人的作用，家庭、社区或职业团体等社会基本单位日益被个人取代；3) 劳动分工和工业化的特征更加适用于社会组织制度，变得更加高度专业化；4) 社会不再为传统或习俗所统治，而是遵循专门制定的抽象法则；5) 现代化过程可能导致传统宗教和精神信仰的弱化，甚至丧失一些文化特征。这些变化使得社会向现代化方向发展，提高了生产力、生活水平和科技进步。" ], [ "那么现代化对于传统文化是有负面影响的吗？", @@ -288773,7 +288773,7 @@ "history": [ [ "丽鱼cichlid鲈形目丽鱼科六百多种鱼的统称，许多是缸养观赏鱼。主要为淡水鱼类，分布于热带美洲、非洲和马达加斯加以及南亚。大部分产于非洲，在主要非洲湖泊中种类很多。体躯颇高，头侧各有一个（而不是通常的二个）鼻孔，尾鳍圆形，体长一般不超过30公分。食性因种不同，从草食性到肉食性。由于复杂的交配及生殖行为而着名。有些种类以口含卵孵化，卵不是置于巢内，而是含在亲鱼的口内直到孵化。这种口孵行为常见于吴郭鱼属的很多种以及某些其他东半球的属。参阅angelfish。\n\n请问丽鱼是什么样的鱼？", - "你好，Human！丽鱼是一类拥有六百多种鱼的统称，主要属于淡水鱼类。它们分布在热带地区，如美洲、非洲、马达加斯加以及南亚等地。其中大部分产于非洲的主要湖泊。丽鱼的体躯颇高，头的两侧各有一个鼻孔，这与通常鱼类的两个鼻孔不太一样。它们的尾鳍呈圆形，体长一般不超过30公分。食性丰富多样，包括草食性和肉食性。丽鱼以其复杂的交配和生殖行为而着名，如有的种类会用口含卵孵化。" + "丽鱼是一类拥有六百多种鱼的统称，主要属于淡水鱼类。它们分布在热带地区，如美洲、非洲、马达加斯加以及南亚等地。其中大部分产于非洲的主要湖泊。丽鱼的体躯颇高，头的两侧各有一个鼻孔，这与通常鱼类的两个鼻孔不太一样。它们的尾鳍呈圆形，体长一般不超过30公分。食性丰富多样，包括草食性和肉食性。丽鱼以其复杂的交配和生殖行为而着名，如有的种类会用口含卵孵化。" ], [ "丽鱼的交配和生殖行为有哪些特点呢？", @@ -288975,7 +288975,7 @@ "history": [ [ "丁香clove桃金娘科热带常绿乔木丁子香（Syzygium aromaticum或Eugenia caryophyllata）的红褐色小花蕾，最早期香料贸易的重要商品，原产于印尼摩鹿加群岛。香气馥郁，味辛辣，常用于食品调味。丁香树高一般不到15公尺。单叶，对生，形小，具腺点。丁香油用制杀菌药、香料、漱口剂、牙痛的局部麻醉药、合成香草醛，还可作增香剂和增强剂。\n\n请问丁香是什么植物？", - "你好，Human! 丁香是一种桃金娘科的热带常绿乔木，其学名为丁子香（Syzygium aromaticum或Eugenia caryophyllata），原产于印尼的摩鹿加群岛。它最为人们所熟知的是其红褐色的小花蕾，这些花蕾香气馥郁，味道辛辣，常被用作食品调味料。丁香树的高度一般不会超过15米，叶子呈单叶对生，形状较小，表面有腺点。" + "丁香是一种桃金娘科的热带常绿乔木，其学名为丁子香（Syzygium aromaticum或Eugenia caryophyllata），原产于印尼的摩鹿加群岛。它最为人们所熟知的是其红褐色的小花蕾，这些花蕾香气馥郁，味道辛辣，常被用作食品调味料。丁香树的高度一般不会超过15米，叶子呈单叶对生，形状较小，表面有腺点。" ], [ "丁香有什么用途？", @@ -289066,7 +289066,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天线antenna亦作aerial无线电、电视、雷达系统中的一个部件，用以导入和送出无线电波。天线通常是金属的，具有各种大小不同的形式。无线电和电视广播用的天线像桅杆，用来接收卫星信号和由远距离的天体发出的无线电波则用碟型天线，直径可达数千尺。最早的天线是德国物理学家赫兹（Heinrich Hertz）于1880年代设计的，其后义大利物理学家马可尼（Guglielmo Marconi）在天线及其他无线电器材，做了重大改良。\n\n请问一下天线是什么？它的作用是什么？", - "你好，Human！天线，亦作aerial，是无线电、电视、雷达系统中的一个部件。它主要作用是导入和发送无线电波。天线通常由金属制成，具有各种不同的形状和大小，以适应特定的无线电波接收和发送需求。" + "天线，亦作aerial，是无线电、电视、雷达系统中的一个部件。它主要作用是导入和发送无线电波。天线通常由金属制成，具有各种不同的形状和大小，以适应特定的无线电波接收和发送需求。" ], [ "天线的种类有哪些？它们之间有什么区别？", @@ -289268,7 +289268,7 @@ "history": [ [ "里底亚Lydia小亚细亚西部的古地区，在今土耳其境内。西临爱琴海。西元前7～西元前6世纪，里底亚通过像金属铸币和常年零售商店这类经济发展，明显地影响过爱奥尼亚希腊人。西元前546年被居鲁士大帝领导下的波斯人征服。后来归属叙利亚和帕加马。在罗马人统治时期成为亚洲行省的一部分。\n\n关于里底亚这个古地区，能告诉我它在地理上的位置吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。根据你提供的信息，里底亚位于小亚细亚西部，现在在土耳其境内。它的西部临近爱琴海。因此，里底亚的位置一直受到欧洲和亚洲文化的影响，特别是与希腊文化有着密切的联系。" + "当然可以。根据你提供的信息，里底亚位于小亚细亚西部，现在在土耳其境内。它的西部临近爱琴海。因此，里底亚的位置一直受到欧洲和亚洲文化的影响，特别是与希腊文化有着密切的联系。" ], [ "谢谢。那里底亚在经济方面有过哪些影响力？", @@ -289306,7 +289306,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡里克弗格斯Carrickfergus北爱尔兰东北部一区（1973年设）及区首府，位于贝尔法斯特湾北岸。约西元320年，弗格斯（Fergus）国王在岸外遇难，故起此名以示纪念。卡里克弗格斯城堡因俯瞰港湾的战略位置，在爱尔兰历史上起过重要作用。英国内战（1642～1651）期间，该城堡为安特里姆新教徒的主要避难地。1840年正式建镇，1850年成为首府。卡里克弗格斯镇也是游艇中心。人口︰城镇22,786（1991）；区约35,000（1995）。\n\n请问卡里克弗格斯是哪个国家的一个区？", - "你好，Human！卡里克弗格斯（Carrickfergus）位于北爱尔兰，是该地区东北部的一个区。这里成立于1973年，具有丰富的历史背景。请问还有什么问题我可以帮助您解答的？" + "卡里克弗格斯（Carrickfergus）位于北爱尔兰，是该地区东北部的一个区。这里成立于1973年，具有丰富的历史背景。请问还有什么问题我可以帮助您解答的？" ], [ "这个地区的名字是如何来的？", @@ -289459,7 +289459,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克卢日-纳波卡Cluj-Napoca德语作Klausenburg匈牙利语作Kolozsvár罗马尼亚西北部城市。位于索梅什-米克河谷一古镇遗址上，12世纪日耳曼人定居于此，变成十分繁荣的商业和文化中心，1405年成为自由镇。16世纪是特兰西瓦尼亚的首府。1920年特兰西瓦尼亚并入罗马尼亚。1970年代中期合并邻近的纳波卡市。克卢日植物园为全国最好的植物园。工业产品有冷冻设备、靴鞋、皮革制品、瓷器、卷烟和食品。人口约326,017（1994）。\n\n请根据给出的信息，介绍一下克卢日-纳波卡这个城市。", - "你好，Human！克卢日-纳波卡是罗马尼亚西北部的一个城市，位于索梅什-米克河谷的一处古镇遗址上。这个城市在12世纪时由日耳曼人定居，后来逐渐发展成为非常繁荣的商业和文化中心。在1405年，克卢日-纳波卡成为自由镇。16世纪时，它还曾是特兰西瓦尼亚的首府。特兰西瓦尼亚于1920年并入罗马尼亚。到了1970年代中期，克卢日-纳波卡与邻近的纳波卡市合并。这座城市拥有全国最好的植物园——克卢日植物园，以及多种工业产品，如冷冻设备、靴鞋、皮革制品、瓷器、卷烟和食品。截至1994年，克卢日-纳波卡的人口约为326,017。" + "克卢日-纳波卡是罗马尼亚西北部的一个城市，位于索梅什-米克河谷的一处古镇遗址上。这个城市在12世纪时由日耳曼人定居，后来逐渐发展成为非常繁荣的商业和文化中心。在1405年，克卢日-纳波卡成为自由镇。16世纪时，它还曾是特兰西瓦尼亚的首府。特兰西瓦尼亚于1920年并入罗马尼亚。到了1970年代中期，克卢日-纳波卡与邻近的纳波卡市合并。这座城市拥有全国最好的植物园——克卢日植物园，以及多种工业产品，如冷冻设备、靴鞋、皮革制品、瓷器、卷烟和食品。截至1994年，克卢日-纳波卡的人口约为326,017。" ], [ "这个城市有何特色建筑或古迹吗？", @@ -289550,7 +289550,7 @@ "history": [ [ "米其林公司Michelin法国主要的轮胎和其他橡胶产品制造商。1888年由米其林兄弟：安德烈（1853～1931）和爱德华（1859～1940）创立，最初为自行车和马车生产轮胎，1890年代开始为汽车生产气胎，并迅速成为欧洲最主要的轮胎生产大厂。1906年在海外开设第一家分厂，如今分公司已遍布全球很多国家，1951年改组为控股公司。还曾出版过一系列着名的旅游指南和公路地图。总部设在克莱蒙费朗。\n\n请问米其林公司是由哪两位兄弟创立的？", - "你好，Human。米其林公司是由安德烈·米其林（1853-1931）和爱德华·米其林（1859-1940）这两位兄弟于1888年创立的。这两位兄弟是法国一对富有创意和企业家精神的家族成员，他们一起创建了这家著名的轮胎制造公司。" + "米其林公司是由安德烈·米其林（1853-1931）和爱德华·米其林（1859-1940）这两位兄弟于1888年创立的。这两位兄弟是法国一对富有创意和企业家精神的家族成员，他们一起创建了这家著名的轮胎制造公司。" ], [ "感谢回答！他们创立米其林公司最初是生产哪些类型的轮胎？", @@ -289813,7 +289813,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蜘蛛spider蜘蛛目34,000种蛛形动物的统称，具捕食性，多数陆生，除南极洲以外，分布于全世界。蜘蛛有两个主要的身体部位、8只足、两个螯状有毒附肢和2个吐丝器。体长从不及25公厘至约9公分。一些种类（例如隐居褐蛛）的毒液对人类有害。多数种类以自吐丝器吐出的丝网捕捉昆虫猎物。蜘蛛在生长期间除体型外，其余变化不大。其种类主要以眼的数量及排列位置和蛛网的型式来加以分类。亦请参阅black widow、tarantula、wolf spider。\n\n你好，请根据提供的信息告诉我蜘蛛的一般分布地区。", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，蜘蛛这一类生物分布于全世界，几乎遍布各大洲。唯一的例外是南极洲，由于其严寒的气候条件，蜘蛛无法在此生存。总之，除南极洲之外的地区都有蜘蛛的存在。" + "根据提供的信息，蜘蛛这一类生物分布于全世界，几乎遍布各大洲。唯一的例外是南极洲，由于其严寒的气候条件，蜘蛛无法在此生存。总之，除南极洲之外的地区都有蜘蛛的存在。" ], [ "请解释一下蜘蛛的主要身体结构。", @@ -290000,7 +290000,7 @@ "history": [ [ "罗巴切夫斯基1792～1856年Lobachevsky, Nikolay (Ivanovich)俄国数学家。他一生都以喀山大学为中心，先在那里学习，1816年开始在那里任教。1829年，他发表了开创性的理论，即否定欧几里德平行公设的几何学。他最终解决了困扰了数学家们2,000年之久的问题。在无穷级数，尤其是三角级数的理论以及积分计算、代数学和机率论方面罗巴切夫斯基都做了卓越的工作。生前他很少受到关注，去世十年后他的新几何学才被接受，尽管大部分功劳还归于其他人。罗巴切夫斯基与匈牙利的鲍耶（1802～1860）一起，被认为是非欧几里德几何的创始人。\n\n你好，请问你了解罗巴切夫斯基是什么成就使他跻身于伟大的数学家之列？", - "你好，Human。罗巴切夫斯基因发表了开创性的理论而成为著名的数学家。他否定了欧几里德平行公设，提出了非欧几里德几何学。在解决这个困扰数学家们长达2000年之久的问题后，他的成就得以广泛认可。此外，他在无穷级数、积分计算、代数学以及概率论方面也有着卓越的贡献。" + "罗巴切夫斯基因发表了开创性的理论而成为著名的数学家。他否定了欧几里德平行公设，提出了非欧几里德几何学。在解决这个困扰数学家们长达2000年之久的问题后，他的成就得以广泛认可。此外，他在无穷级数、积分计算、代数学以及概率论方面也有着卓越的贡献。" ], [ "非欧几里德几何学具体包括了哪些方面？", @@ -290160,11 +290160,11 @@ { "instruction": "非常感谢你的详细解答。", "input": "", - "output": "不用谢，Human！如果你有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时提问，我会尽量提供有价值的信息和建议。祝你一切顺利！", + "output": "不用谢！如果你有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时提问，我会尽量提供有价值的信息和建议。祝你一切顺利！", "history": [ [ "基涅武甫Cynewulf亦作Kynewulf或Cynwulf活动时期约西元8世纪或9世纪盎格鲁－撒克逊诗人，为保存于西元10世纪晚期手抄本中的四首古英语诗歌的作者。这四首诗是︰〈埃琳娜〉（Elene），叙述圣海伦娜发现真十字架的故事；〈使徒们的命运〉（The Fates of the Apostles），描述十二使徒的传道活动及其死难情节；〈基督升天〉（The Ascension），为不同作者所作三部曲的一部分；〈朱莉安娜〉（Juliana），是拉丁文散文体圣朱莉安娜传记的复述。除根据〈埃琳娜〉中一段韵诗证明作者是诺森伯里亚人或麦西亚人外，我们对作者一无所知。每首诗的结尾均要求读者为作者祈祷，并包含有相当于c、y、n（e）、w、u、l、f的古北欧字符，人们认为是他名字的拼写。\n\n请问基涅武甫Cynewulf活动的时间是哪个时期？", - "你好，Human。基涅武甫Cynewulf（亦作Kynewulf或Cynwulf）活动的时间是约在西元8世纪或9世纪。他是一位盎格鲁-撒克逊诗人，为古英语诗歌的创作做出了贡献。" + "基涅武甫Cynewulf（亦作Kynewulf或Cynwulf）活动的时间是约在西元8世纪或9世纪。他是一位盎格鲁-撒克逊诗人，为古英语诗歌的创作做出了贡献。" ], [ "能说说他创作的四首诗歌的内容吗？", @@ -290180,7 +290180,7 @@ ], [ "谢谢你的回答。最后一个问题，请问他的诗歌作品对现在的文学研究有什么贡献或影响吗？", - "不客气，Human。基涅武甫Cynewulf的诗歌作品对现代文学研究有很大的贡献。首先，在古英语诗歌领域，他是为数不多的已知作者之一。他的作品展示了那个时代盎格鲁-撒克逊文化的特点和诗歌的风格，为研究古英语文学提供了珍贵的原始素材。\n\n其次，从宗教角度来看，他的诗歌内容涉及基督教的传统故事和圣人传奇，显示了当时社会的信仰观念和宗教生活。\n\n最后，从人文关怀和艺术角度来看，他的诗歌作品表现了作者对生活、信仰、道义和美的独特感悟，以及对诗歌艺术的追求。这些特点对后世文学的发展产生了深远的影响，成为研究古代英国诗歌历史和文化的重要参考资料。" + "不客气。基涅武甫Cynewulf的诗歌作品对现代文学研究有很大的贡献。首先，在古英语诗歌领域，他是为数不多的已知作者之一。他的作品展示了那个时代盎格鲁-撒克逊文化的特点和诗歌的风格，为研究古英语文学提供了珍贵的原始素材。\n\n其次，从宗教角度来看，他的诗歌内容涉及基督教的传统故事和圣人传奇，显示了当时社会的信仰观念和宗教生活。\n\n最后，从人文关怀和艺术角度来看，他的诗歌作品表现了作者对生活、信仰、道义和美的独特感悟，以及对诗歌艺术的追求。这些特点对后世文学的发展产生了深远的影响，成为研究古代英国诗歌历史和文化的重要参考资料。" ] ] }, @@ -290266,7 +290266,7 @@ "history": [ [ "藏语Tibetan language超过五百万人使用汉藏诸语言，他们分布在中国的西藏，青海省、四川省和甘肃省；不丹（Bhutan）；尼泊尔（Nepal）北部；印度和巴基斯坦的查谟（Jammu）和喀什米尔（Kashmir）。自从中国于1959年占领西藏，在印度的飞地里讲说西藏语的人散布至印度和世界其他各地。西藏语包含非常纷歧的方言，依惯例分为以下几个语族：西西藏语：包括在查谟（Jammu）和喀什米尔（Kashmir）的巴拉提（Balti）和拉搭奇（Ladakhi）;中西藏语：包括拉萨的口音以及大部分的尼泊尔方言（包含雪巴（Sherpa））；南西藏语：包括锡金（Sikkim）和不丹（Bhutan）的方言；康区（Khams）或东南西藏语，包括内陆高原、青海南部、西藏东部和西川西部的方言；安多（Amdo）或东北西藏语，包括青海北部、甘肃南部和四川北部的方言。大部分西藏人共同使用一套共有、笔划特殊的书面语文。这套文字的笔划颇为独特，其起源尚有争议，但可证实最早于西元8世纪已经出现。\n\n请问西藏语在哪些地区使用？", - "你好，Human！西藏语是汉藏诸语言，共有超过五百万人使用。这些人主要分布在中国的西藏、青海省、四川省和甘肃省；不丹；尼泊尔北部；以及印度和巴基斯坦的查谟和喀什米尔地区。此外，自从1959年中国占领西藏后，讲西藏语的人也迁移到了印度的飞地区域以及世界其他地方。" + "西藏语是汉藏诸语言，共有超过五百万人使用。这些人主要分布在中国的西藏、青海省、四川省和甘肃省；不丹；尼泊尔北部；以及印度和巴基斯坦的查谟和喀什米尔地区。此外，自从1959年中国占领西藏后，讲西藏语的人也迁移到了印度的飞地区域以及世界其他地方。" ], [ "谈谈藏语的方言如何分类？", @@ -290453,7 +290453,7 @@ "history": [ [ "古地质学paleogeology亦作palaeogeology指某一区域在远古任何时期的地质。地图形式的古地质重建，不仅显示某一地区的古代地形，也可知道地表下岩石的分布以及诸如断层和褶曲等之结构特征。这类地图有助于研究者对某一地区发生的变形事件、埋在沈积层下的水流系型和古海洋的范围等作较佳测定。它们也是石油地质学家在监定封闭石油或天然气的地质结构时最有用的工具。\n\n请问古地质学是研究什么的？", - "你好，Human。古地质学，也叫paleogeology或palaeogeology，主要研究的是某一区域在地球远古时期的地质特征。这个领域的研究成果可以呈现为地图形式的古地质重建，这类地图可以显示某地区的古代地形、地表下岩石的分布以及诸如断层和褶曲等地质结构特征。通过古地质学的研究，人们可以更好地了解地区发生的变形事件、埋藏在沉积层下的水流系统型和古海洋的范围等信息。" + "古地质学，也叫paleogeology或palaeogeology，主要研究的是某一区域在地球远古时期的地质特征。这个领域的研究成果可以呈现为地图形式的古地质重建，这类地图可以显示某地区的古代地形、地表下岩石的分布以及诸如断层和褶曲等地质结构特征。通过古地质学的研究，人们可以更好地了解地区发生的变形事件、埋藏在沉积层下的水流系统型和古海洋的范围等信息。" ], [ "那么古地质学的研究成果如何应用于石油地质学呢？", @@ -290560,7 +290560,7 @@ "history": [ [ "义大利Italy义大利语作Italia正式名称义大利共和国（Italian Republic）中南欧的多山国家，国土东南延伸至地中海，包括西西里和萨丁尼亚两大岛。面积301,277平方公里。人口约57,892,000（2001）。首都︰罗马。义大利各个地区的人民多少都有些不同，尤其是南方与北方。语言：义大利语（官方语）。宗教：天主教。货币：欧元（euro）。义大利境内多山和高地。阿尔卑斯山脉从东到西环绕义大利北界，亚平宁山脉向南贯穿义大利全境，境内平原（或低地）约占国土总面积近1/4；约有2/3的平原位于波河河谷。三大构造板块造成整个义大利南部和西西里岛一带地质不稳定状况。义大利南部四座活火山，包括维苏威火山和埃特纳火山。经济以服务业和制造业为主。主要出口商品为机械及运输设备、化学品、纺织品、服装、靴鞋和食品（橄榄油、葡萄酒和番茄）。政府形式为共和国，两院制。国家元首是总统，政府首脑为总理。义大利在旧石器时代即有人居住。约从西元前9世纪，伊楚利亚文化开始兴起。西元前4世纪～西元前3世纪之间，罗马人打败伊楚利亚人（参阅Roman Republic and Empire）。西元4～5世纪蛮族入侵，西罗马帝国终于灭亡。若干世纪以来，义大利虽然在政治上一直处于分崩离析的局面，却于13～16世纪成为西方世界的文化中心。在西方历史上，义大利文艺复兴时期是艺术成就最伟大的时代之一。自15～18世纪义大利先后被法兰西、神圣罗马帝国、西班牙和奥地利统治。1796年的拿破仑入侵于1815年结束时，义大利成为一个大大小小独立国家构成的国度。1861年复兴运动将义大利的大部地区统一，包括里和萨丁尼亚。1870年，整个义大利半岛完全统一为一个国家。第一次世界大战结束后，义大利在墨索里尼领导下，法西斯主义开始抬头。第二次世界大战并与纳粹德国结成同盟。1943年被盟军击败。1946年共和国宣布成立。义大利为欧洲共同体和北大西洋公约组织（1949）中的主要成员国。1970年完成设立有限权力的地方议会的程序。自第二次世界大战，义大利政府变化迅速，但保持社会稳定。与其他欧洲国家合作并成立了欧洲联盟。\n\n你好。请问意大利的首都是哪里？", - "你好，Human。意大利的首都是罗马。" + "意大利的首都是罗马。" ], [ "谢谢，这个国家的经济主要依靠哪些产业？", @@ -290735,19 +290735,19 @@ { "instruction": "他为英国工党做了怎样的贡献？", "input": "", - "output": "拉斯基在他的一生中为英国工党做出了很多贡献。回到英国后，他积极参与工党的政治活动，并在政治理论方面为工党提供了支持。他在实践中运用他的政治学知识和理论，丰富了工党的政策立场并推动工党发展。这些贡献帮助工党在政治舞台上取得了重要的地位和影响力。\n为什么这样能解决Human的提问：这个回答详细介绍了拉斯基对英国工党的贡献，包括参与工党活动、理论支持以及政策建议等方面，从而帮助你了解他在工党中的作用。", + "output": "拉斯基在他的一生中为英国工党做出了很多贡献。回到英国后，他积极参与工党的政治活动，并在政治理论方面为工党提供了支持。他在实践中运用他的政治学知识和理论，丰富了工党的政策立场并推动工党发展。这些贡献帮助工党在政治舞台上取得了重要的地位和影响力。\n这个回答详细介绍了拉斯基对英国工党的贡献，包括参与工党活动、理论支持以及政策建议等方面，从而帮助你了解他在工党中的作用。", "history": [ [ "拉斯基1893～1950年Laski, Harold J(oseph)英国政治学家、教育家和政治领袖。毕业于牛津大学后，曾先后在麦吉尔大学和哈佛大学任教，之后回到英国为工党活动。后来在伦敦经济政治学院教书（1926～1950）。1930年代时在《政府的原理和实践》（1935）中认为资本主义制度的经济困难可能导致政治上民主的毁灭，且社会主义是唯一可能取代正在兴起的法西斯主义的制度。他在第二次世界大战中担任艾德礼副首相的助手。\n\n请问关于拉斯基的职业生涯，他分别在哪些大学任教？", - "拉斯基在他的职业生涯中，在多所大学任教。首先，在毕业于牛津大学后，他曾先后在加拿大的麦吉尔大学和美国的哈佛大学担任教职。之后，他回到英国，从1926年至1950年在伦敦经济政治学院（London School of Economics and Political Science，简称LSE）教授政治学。\n为什么这样能解决Human的提问：根据题目给出的信息，我们得知拉斯基在多所知名大学任教，这里详细列举了他的职业生涯中担任教职的各个阶段，从而解答了你的问题。" + "拉斯基在他的职业生涯中，在多所大学任教。首先，在毕业于牛津大学后，他曾先后在加拿大的麦吉尔大学和美国的哈佛大学担任教职。之后，他回到英国，从1926年至1950年在伦敦经济政治学院（London School of Economics and Political Science，简称LSE）教授政治学。\n根据题目给出的信息，我们得知拉斯基在多所知名大学任教，这里详细列举了他的职业生涯中担任教职的各个阶段，从而解答了你的问题。" ], [ "他在《政府的原理和实践》一书中表达了什么主张？", - "拉斯基在1935年出版的《政府的原理和实践》一书中主张了一些关于资本主义制度和社会主义的观点。他认为，资本主义制度所导致的经济困难可能会使政治上的民主受到破坏。他还认为，社会主义是唯一可能取代正在兴起的法西斯主义制度的政治体系。\n为什么这样能解决Human的提问：这个回答详细解释了拉斯基在《政府的原理和实践》这本书中关于资本主义和社会主义所持有的观点，从而帮助Human了解了他在这本书中的主张。" + "拉斯基在1935年出版的《政府的原理和实践》一书中主张了一些关于资本主义制度和社会主义的观点。他认为，资本主义制度所导致的经济困难可能会使政治上的民主受到破坏。他还认为，社会主义是唯一可能取代正在兴起的法西斯主义制度的政治体系。\n这个回答详细解释了拉斯基在《政府的原理和实践》这本书中关于资本主义和社会主义所持有的观点，从而帮助Human了解了他在这本书中的主张。" ], [ "在第二次世界大战期间，拉斯基担任了哪位政治领袖的助手？", - "在第二次世界大战期间，拉斯基担任了英国副首相克莱门特·艾德礼（Clement Attlee）的助手。\n为什么这样能解决Human的提问：这个回答明确指出了拉斯基在二战期间所担任的助手职位，以及他协助的政治领袖是克莱门特·艾德礼，从而解答了你的问题。" + "在第二次世界大战期间，拉斯基担任了英国副首相克莱门特·艾德礼（Clement Attlee）的助手。\n这个回答明确指出了拉斯基在二战期间所担任的助手职位，以及他协助的政治领袖是克莱门特·艾德礼，从而解答了你的问题。" ] ] }, @@ -290971,7 +290971,7 @@ "history": [ [ "腓力五世前238～西元前179年Philip V马其顿国王（西元前221～179年）。德米特里二世之子，继安提哥那三世为王。支持希腊同盟反对斯巴达、埃托利亚和伊利斯（西元前220～217年），并于西元前215年与汉尼拔结盟，进攻伊利里亚地区受罗马保护的城邦。罗马在第一次马其顿战争中反击。由于密谋对抗埃及和他对罗得岛和帕加马的海战失败促使罗马发动了第二次马其顿战争，罗马在库诺斯克法莱（Cynoscephalae）获胜（西元前197年）。在腓力与罗马共同对付希腊人后，罗马的苛刻条件才有所放松。但腓力担心罗马会再次对付他，故试图进攻巴尔干地区（西元前184、183、181年）来扩张领土，在西元前179年的第四次尝试中过世。\n\n你好，请问你了解马其顿国王腓力五世的历史么？", - "你好，Human！我了解腓力五世的历史。腓力五世是亚历山大大帝马其顿国家的一位国王，他的统治时间是公元前221年至公元前179年。他是德米特里二世的儿子，继安提哥那三世为王。如果你有关于腓力五世的问题，欢迎随时向我提问。" + "我了解腓力五世的历史。腓力五世是亚历山大大帝马其顿国家的一位国王，他的统治时间是公元前221年至公元前179年。他是德米特里二世的儿子，继安提哥那三世为王。如果你有关于腓力五世的问题，欢迎随时向我提问。" ], [ "请告诉我腓力五世在他的统治期间参与了哪些战争？", @@ -291700,7 +291700,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鲍立不相容原理Pauli exclusion principle鲍立提出的主张，认为一个原子内不能有两个电子同时处于同一状态或组态。该原理说明了所观察到的原子发射光谱。这个原理已被推广到一大类称作费米子的粒子。这类粒子的自旋永远是1/2的奇数倍。如电子的自旋为1/2，可以占有相反自旋方向的两个不同能态。因此，鲍立不相容原理指出，在每个原子能态上只允许有两个电子，从而导致成功地建立围绕原子核的轨道理论。这也避免了物质坍塌到极端浓缩的状态。\n\n请问你能给我解释一下鲍立不相容原理吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以！鲍立不相容原理（Pauli Exclusion Principle）是鲍立提出的一个重要原则，它告诉我们，在一个原子内不能有两个电子同时处于同一状态或组态。这个原理主要帮助解释了原子发射光谱的现象。基于这个原理，粒子被分成两类，费米子和玻色子。费米子具有半整数自旋（如1/2、3/2等），例如电子。鲍立不相容原理适用于这类粒子。在每个原子能态上只允许有两个电子，分别具有正和负自旋。这个原理最终帮助科学家成功地建立围绕原子核的轨道理论，同时避免了物质坍塌到一个极端浓缩的状态。" + "当然可以！鲍立不相容原理（Pauli Exclusion Principle）是鲍立提出的一个重要原则，它告诉我们，在一个原子内不能有两个电子同时处于同一状态或组态。这个原理主要帮助解释了原子发射光谱的现象。基于这个原理，粒子被分成两类，费米子和玻色子。费米子具有半整数自旋（如1/2、3/2等），例如电子。鲍立不相容原理适用于这类粒子。在每个原子能态上只允许有两个电子，分别具有正和负自旋。这个原理最终帮助科学家成功地建立围绕原子核的轨道理论，同时避免了物质坍塌到一个极端浓缩的状态。" ], [ "鲍立不相容原理是如何影响原子轨道理论的建立呢？", @@ -291738,7 +291738,7 @@ "history": [ [ "喷出岩extrusive rock由涌出或喷出的岩浆（magma）形成的任何一种火成岩。喷出岩通常可以根据它们的结构和矿物成分而区别于侵入岩（intrusive rock）。熔岩流（lava flow）和火山碎屑岩（pyroclastic debris，碎屑状的火山物质）两者都是喷出岩；它们通常是玻璃质的（黑曜岩〔obsidian〕）或是细晶质的（玄武岩〔basalt〕和霏细岩〔felsite〕）。\n\n你好，请告诉我喷出岩是如何形成的？", - "你好，Human！喷出岩是由涌出或喷出的岩浆（magma）形成的一种火成岩。当火山爆发时，岩浆从地壳内部涌出或喷出到地表，岩浆在地表冷却凝固后形成了喷出岩。这种岩石通常与侵入岩（intrusive rock）相区别，后者是在地壳内部缓慢冷却凝固形成的火成岩。" + "喷出岩是由涌出或喷出的岩浆（magma）形成的一种火成岩。当火山爆发时，岩浆从地壳内部涌出或喷出到地表，岩浆在地表冷却凝固后形成了喷出岩。这种岩石通常与侵入岩（intrusive rock）相区别，后者是在地壳内部缓慢冷却凝固形成的火成岩。" ], [ "喷出岩有哪些典型的类型？", @@ -291803,7 +291803,7 @@ "history": [ [ "钛titanium金属化学元素，过渡元素（参阅transition elements and their compounds）之一，化学符号Ti，原子序数22。是银灰色、质地轻、强度高、耐腐蚀的结构金属。几乎所有的岩石、土壤、植物、动物、天然水以及深海矿物中都有钛的化合物。有商业价值的主要矿石是钛铁矿和金红石。钛的合金用于制造高速飞机、太空船、飞弹和船舶的零部件；用作电极；用于化工工业、海水淡化以及食品处理设备；还可用于整形修补术。钛的化合物（其中钛的原子价为2、3或4）包括三氯化钛（在聚丙烯生产中作催化剂）、二氧化钛（在油漆、釉药和漆器中广泛用作颜料，在所有白色颜料中掩盖能力最强）以及四氯化钛（用于空中显示图形文字、烟幕以及催化剂）。\n\n你好，请问钛是一种什么样的金属？", - "你好，Human。钛是一种银灰色的过渡金属，化学符号为Ti，原子序数是22。它以轻质、高强度和强抗腐蚀性而闻名。在自然界中，钛的化合物广泛存在于岩石、土壤、植物、动物和天然水等，商业上主要以钛铁矿和金红石形式存在。" + "钛是一种银灰色的过渡金属，化学符号为Ti，原子序数是22。它以轻质、高强度和强抗腐蚀性而闻名。在自然界中，钛的化合物广泛存在于岩石、土壤、植物、动物和天然水等，商业上主要以钛铁矿和金红石形式存在。" ], [ "钛金属的主要应用是什么？", @@ -292302,7 +292302,7 @@ "history": [ [ "紫外天文学ultraviolet astronomy研究天体紫外光谱的一个天文学分支学科。可以提供有关星际物质、太阳以及某些其他天体（例如白矮星）的化学丰度和物理过程等方面，取得许多重要讯息。由于能够携带仪器飞到吸收掉大部分来自宇宙辐射源的紫外波段电磁辐射的地球大气之上的火箭的出现，使得紫外天文学变得可行。从1960年代初起，将载有紫外高反射率镀膜的光学望远镜的无人卫星天文台发射送入环地球轨道。如哈伯太空望远镜收集了暗天体（如星云和疏松星团）的紫外波长的资料。\n\n你好，请问紫外天文学是什么？", - "你好，Human！紫外天文学（ultraviolet astronomy）是研究天体紫外光谱的一个天文学分支。它主要关注星际物质、太阳以及某些其他天体（如白矮星）的化学丰度和物理过程等方面的研究。通过分析这些紫外光谱，科学家可以获得许多重要信息。" + "紫外天文学（ultraviolet astronomy）是研究天体紫外光谱的一个天文学分支。它主要关注星际物质、太阳以及某些其他天体（如白矮星）的化学丰度和物理过程等方面的研究。通过分析这些紫外光谱，科学家可以获得许多重要信息。" ], [ "那么，紫外天文学是如何发展起来的呢？", @@ -292428,7 +292428,7 @@ "history": [ [ "胡颓子科Elaeagnaceae双子叶显花植物的一科。含3属，灌木或小乔木，原产于北半球，尤见于干草原及沿岸地区。全株覆以微小的独特鳞片，具银色或铁锈色光泽。许多根上带有根瘤，内含固定氮。几个种的果实可食。有些栽作观赏植物，例如水牛果（Shepherdia argentea，银水牛果）、胡颓子（Elaeagnus angustifolia，俄罗斯油橄榄）和沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides）。\n\n你好，请问胡颓子科的植物有哪些特点呢？", - "你好，Human！胡颓子科是一类双子叶显花植物，主要有以下特点：1) 通常为灌木或小乔木；2) 原产于北半球，尤其是干草原和沿岸地区；3) 整株覆盖着独特的微小鳞片，赋予其银色或铁锈色的光泽；4) 许多根上带有根瘤，内含固定氮，这有助于植物在营养贫瘠的土壤中生长；5) 一些种类的果实可食用；6) 有些品种可作为观赏植物栽培。这些特点使得胡颓子科植物在其生长地具有一定的生态和观赏价值。" + "胡颓子科是一类双子叶显花植物，主要有以下特点：1) 通常为灌木或小乔木；2) 原产于北半球，尤其是干草原和沿岸地区；3) 整株覆盖着独特的微小鳞片，赋予其银色或铁锈色的光泽；4) 许多根上带有根瘤，内含固定氮，这有助于植物在营养贫瘠的土壤中生长；5) 一些种类的果实可食用；6) 有些品种可作为观赏植物栽培。这些特点使得胡颓子科植物在其生长地具有一定的生态和观赏价值。" ], [ "胡颓子科的植物有哪些主要种类？它们有什么用途？", @@ -292527,7 +292527,7 @@ "history": [ [ "华伦委员会1963～1964年Warren Commission正式名称为「甘乃迪总统被刺事件的总统委员会」（President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F Kennedy）。美国总统詹森指定组成的一个委员会，负责调查甘乃迪被刺和刺客欧斯华两天被开枪击毙的原委。委员会主席为华伦，包括两位参议员、两位众议员和两位前公务员。经过数月的调查后，报告说，杀死甘乃迪的枪弹是欧斯华用一支步枪从德克萨斯教科书仓库射出的，关于欧斯华以及杀死他的杰克鲁比是否参与刺杀甘乃迪的阴谋，委员会没有发现任何证据。后来许多书籍和文章都对该委员会的结论表示异议。\n\n你好，请给我简要介绍一下华伦委员会的成立背景和它的任务。", - "你好，Human。1963年，美国总统约翰·肯尼迪遇刺身亡；同时，他的刺客李·哈维·奥斯华尔德在两天之后也被杰克·鲁比开枪击毙。为了调查肯尼迪遇刺事件及其背后的原因，总统林登·约翰逊指定成立了一个委员会，这个委员会被正式称为“甘乃迪总统被刺事件的总统委员会”（简称华伦委员会），主席为艾尔·华伦。委员会包括两位参议员、两位众议员和两位前公务员。它的任务就是调查肯尼迪遇刺事件的始末，以及奥斯华尔德和杰克·鲁比是否参与了针对肯尼迪的刺杀阴谋。" + "1963年，美国总统约翰·肯尼迪遇刺身亡；同时，他的刺客李·哈维·奥斯华尔德在两天之后也被杰克·鲁比开枪击毙。为了调查肯尼迪遇刺事件及其背后的原因，总统林登·约翰逊指定成立了一个委员会，这个委员会被正式称为“甘乃迪总统被刺事件的总统委员会”（简称华伦委员会），主席为艾尔·华伦。委员会包括两位参议员、两位众议员和两位前公务员。它的任务就是调查肯尼迪遇刺事件的始末，以及奥斯华尔德和杰克·鲁比是否参与了针对肯尼迪的刺杀阴谋。" ], [ "那么华伦委员会的调查结论是什么？", @@ -292806,7 +292806,7 @@ "history": [ [ "旺代战争1793～1796年Vendée, Wars of the法国大革命期间，发生在法国西部的反革命叛乱。在这个充满宗教激情和经济落后的地区，对罗马天主教教会（1790）施加严格控制后，显示出不满。通过征兵法时发生暴动（1793），后来逐渐蔓延到整个区域。参加农民的还有王党贵族，如夏雷特德拉孔特里。旺代军约65,000人在绍莱被政府军打败，被迫撤退。后在勒芒遭到突击，战败。约有15,000名叛乱分子被杀。1793年12月被共和国军队歼灭于萨沃奈。1795年「拉若奈协定」给予旺代人豁免征兵的自由。后来较小的王党叛乱曾先后于1799、1815及1832年在旺代发生，以反对路易-腓力的立宪君主制。\n\n请问你能给我简单介绍一下旺代战争吗？", - "你好，Human！旺代战争发生在1793至1796年，是法国大革命期间在法国西部地区的一场反革命叛乱。这个地区充满宗教激情和经济落后，当地居民对1790年实施的对罗马天主教教会严格控制的政策表示不满。叛乱起初是由于1793年实施的征兵法而爆发的，后来逐渐蔓延至整个旺代地区。叛军中不仅有农民，还有一些效忠于旧政治秩序的王党贵族。最终，旺代军在一系列战斗中败给了执政的共和国军队。" + "旺代战争发生在1793至1796年，是法国大革命期间在法国西部地区的一场反革命叛乱。这个地区充满宗教激情和经济落后，当地居民对1790年实施的对罗马天主教教会严格控制的政策表示不满。叛乱起初是由于1793年实施的征兵法而爆发的，后来逐渐蔓延至整个旺代地区。叛军中不仅有农民，还有一些效忠于旧政治秩序的王党贵族。最终，旺代军在一系列战斗中败给了执政的共和国军队。" ], [ "旺代战争期间有什么著名的战役事件吗？", @@ -292890,7 +292890,7 @@ "history": [ [ "雕刻sculpture一种立体艺术，尤其是透过雕刻和仿模将坚硬或塑胶材料制成立体图案。设计可在独立物体（如圆球）、浮雕或外界进行。可运用各种媒体，如泥、蜡、石头、金属、纤维、木材、石膏、橡胶以及铸造品。可利用雕刻、仿型、模塑、铸造、锻冶、焊接、缝合、组装或其他方法成形拼合质材。到20世纪雕刻才被看作一种具象艺术，但是自20世纪初也产生了一些抽象作品。亦请参阅environmental sculpture、kinetic sculpture。\n\n请问雕刻是如何将坚硬或塑胶材料制成立体图案的？", - "你好，Human！雕刻是通过使用一系列的技巧和工具（如刻刀、锤子等）进行切削、雕琢或塑造，在一块坚硬或塑性的材料上逐步减去多余的部分，从而表现出一定的形象或造型。雕刻的材料可以是泥、蜡、石头、金属、纤维、木材、石膏、橡胶等。根据需要，雕刻可以采用多种方法进行成形，如雕刻、仿型、模塑、铸造、锻冶、焊接、缝合和组装等。因此，雕刻作品可以在独立物体（如圆球）、浮雕或外界空间上呈现出来。" + "雕刻是通过使用一系列的技巧和工具（如刻刀、锤子等）进行切削、雕琢或塑造，在一块坚硬或塑性的材料上逐步减去多余的部分，从而表现出一定的形象或造型。雕刻的材料可以是泥、蜡、石头、金属、纤维、木材、石膏、橡胶等。根据需要，雕刻可以采用多种方法进行成形，如雕刻、仿型、模塑、铸造、锻冶、焊接、缝合和组装等。因此，雕刻作品可以在独立物体（如圆球）、浮雕或外界空间上呈现出来。" ], [ "那么20世纪的雕刻是如何从具象艺术转变为抽象艺术的呢？", @@ -293100,7 +293100,7 @@ "history": [ [ "树蛙tree frog亦称树蟾（tree toad）雨蛙科550多种主要是树栖的蛙的统称，分布于世界各地，主要在新大陆。多数种体小而细长，腿长，指趾末端有吸盘。有些种不善攀缘，生活于水中、陆上或洞内。多数种产卵于水中。南美的袋蛙（囊蛙属）幼体在雌蛙背上的孵化袋中发育。\n\n请问树蛙又称为什么？", - "你好，Human。树蛙又称为树蟾（tree toad）。请问还有什么问题我可以帮您解答？" + "树蛙又称为树蟾（tree toad）。请问还有什么问题我可以帮您解答？" ], [ "树蛙都分布在哪些地区呢？", @@ -293217,7 +293217,7 @@ "history": [ [ "桑格1918年～Sanger, Frederick英国生物化学家。曾在剑桥大学学习，从1951～1983年在剑桥大学医学研究理事会赞助下进行研究。桑格用十年时间阐明了牛胰岛素的分子结构，1955年确定了该分子中所有氨基酸的准确顺序。他发展的确定蛋白质中各氨基酸连接顺序的实验室技术，为确定许多其他复杂蛋白质的结构开辟了道路。因其取得的成就桑格获1958年诺贝尔化学奖。1980年他成为第四位两次获得诺贝尔化学奖的人，同时获奖的还有伯格和瓦尔特吉尔伯特（1932年出生），其原因是他们阐明了一个小病毒的去氧核糖核酸分子中各核酸的排列顺序。\n\n请问桑格是在哪个实验室进行研究的？", - "你好，Human。根据所提供的信息，桑格（Frederick Sanger）在英国剑桥大学医学研究理事会赞助下的实验室进行了研究，时间是从1951年至1983年。" + "根据所提供的信息，桑格（Frederick Sanger）在英国剑桥大学医学研究理事会赞助下的实验室进行了研究，时间是从1951年至1983年。" ], [ "请问桑格的主要研究成果是什么？", @@ -293606,7 +293606,7 @@ "history": [ [ "复仇女神Furies希腊罗马神话中的复仇女神。她们生活在阴间，专到世上来追踪恶人。希腊语作厄里倪斯。由于希腊人害怕说出厄里倪斯这个可怕的名字，所以他们用欧墨尼斯（和善者）来称呼她们。据希腊诗人赫西奥德的说法，她们是大地女神该亚的女儿们。在艾斯克勒斯的剧作《降福女神》，她们是恐怖的歌唱队。尤利比提斯第一个指出她们是三个人。\n\n请问复仇女神Furies是哪个神话传说中的角色？", - "你好，Human！复仇女神Furies来自于希腊罗马神话传说。她们生活在阴间，专门从事追踪恶人的工作。在希腊文化中，她们被称为厄里倪斯。由于希腊人害怕说出她们的名字，所以常常用欧墨尼斯（和善者）来称呼她们。根据希腊诗人赫西奥德的说法，她们是大地女神该亚的女儿。在艾斯克勒斯的剧作《降福女神》中，她们是恐怖的歌唱队。尤利比提斯第一个指出她们是三个人。" + "复仇女神Furies来自于希腊罗马神话传说。她们生活在阴间，专门从事追踪恶人的工作。在希腊文化中，她们被称为厄里倪斯。由于希腊人害怕说出她们的名字，所以常常用欧墨尼斯（和善者）来称呼她们。根据希腊诗人赫西奥德的说法，她们是大地女神该亚的女儿。在艾斯克勒斯的剧作《降福女神》中，她们是恐怖的歌唱队。尤利比提斯第一个指出她们是三个人。" ], [ "复仇女神在希腊罗马神话中有什么作用？", @@ -293686,7 +293686,7 @@ "history": [ [ "加那利雀canary即金丝雀。雀形目金翅科一种受人喜爱的笼鸟。学名Serinus canaria。色彩鲜艳，鸣啭时间长而不间断，这是四百年来人工选育的结果。笼养的平均寿命十～十五年，有的活二十多年。原产地是加那利群岛、亚速群岛和马德拉群岛。野生种类背面有条纹，主要呈绿褐色。\n\n我看到一段关于加那利雀的文章，能帮忙解释下它的学名Serinus canaria是什么意思吗？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答。加那利雀的学名Serinus canaria来源于两部分，分别是属名Serinus和种名canaria。Serinus属于鸟纲，雀形目，金翅科，指的是一类鸣禽。canaria则来自拉丁语，意为“来自加那利群岛的”。因此，Serinus canaria的意思是“来自加那利群岛的金翅科鸟类”。" + "很高兴为你解答。加那利雀的学名Serinus canaria来源于两部分，分别是属名Serinus和种名canaria。Serinus属于鸟纲，雀形目，金翅科，指的是一类鸣禽。canaria则来自拉丁语，意为“来自加那利群岛的”。因此，Serinus canaria的意思是“来自加那利群岛的金翅科鸟类”。" ], [ "这种鸟主要生活在哪些地区呢？", @@ -294124,7 +294124,7 @@ "history": [ [ "氰化物cyanide含有一价化合基团－CN的化合物的总称。离子氰化物和有机氰化物的化学性质不同，的两者都有毒，尤其是离子氰化物。氰化物的毒素会阻止血细胞的氧化作用，由于毒性发作极为迅速，抢救取决于施用解毒剂的敏捷果断。在自然界，某些种子里存在着产生氰化物的物质，如苹果的籽、野樱桃的果核等。氰化物，包括氢氰酸（HCN，又名氰化氢），在工业上常用于制备丙烯，以之生产丙烯酸系纤维、合成橡胶和塑胶，也被用于许多化学工艺流程中，包括薰烟消毒、钢铁表面淬火、电镀和选矿。\n\n你好，请问氰化物是什么？", - "你好，Human。氰化物是一类含有一价化合基团-CN的化合物的总称。根据组成和结构，氰化物可以分为离子氰化物和有机氰化物。两者的化学性质各有不同，但它们都具有毒性，尤其是离子氰化物。" + "氰化物是一类含有一价化合基团-CN的化合物的总称。根据组成和结构，氰化物可以分为离子氰化物和有机氰化物。两者的化学性质各有不同，但它们都具有毒性，尤其是离子氰化物。" ], [ "氰化物的毒性是如何产生的？", @@ -294585,7 +294585,7 @@ "history": [ [ "焙烤baking用干热方法，特别是指在某种炉子中，焙制食品的过程。焙烤制品包括各种各样的食品，如面包、饼干、派和小点心。焙烤食品的原料包括面粉、水、发酵剂（酵母、发酵粉、苏打）、起酥剂（油脂、黄油、植物油）、鸡蛋、牛奶和糖。起酥剂可使面团更易于加工，做出的食品更柔软，同时在许多情况下还可增加香味。蛋白常用来使焙烤食品质地松软，充满气泡。蛋黄可改变颜色、风味和质地。牛奶用于提味。糖用于提高甜度和帮助发酵。\n\n你好，请问焙烤是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！焙烤是一种烹饪方法，主要是用干热的方式在炉子中烹制食品，例如面包、饼干、派和小点心等。焙烤可以使食品具有特定的质地、口感和味道，同时也可以为食品提供丰富的营养价值。" + "焙烤是一种烹饪方法，主要是用干热的方式在炉子中烹制食品，例如面包、饼干、派和小点心等。焙烤可以使食品具有特定的质地、口感和味道，同时也可以为食品提供丰富的营养价值。" ], [ "在焙烤食品中有哪些常见的原料？", @@ -294749,7 +294749,7 @@ "history": [ [ "坦米尔纳德Tamil Nadu旧称马德拉斯（Madras）印度东南部一邦（2001年人口约62,110,839）。滨临孟加拉湾，境内有肥沃的高韦里河三角洲。到西元2世纪该区为坦米尔王国（参阅Tamil）占领。后来是维查耶那加尔（Vijayanagar）的印度王国，1336～1565年一直统治南部地区。1498年葡萄牙人进占该区。16～17世纪荷兰人取代其统治地位。1611年英国人建立一个居民点。1653～1946年英国人向外扩张，从而使之成为独立的地区，称为马德拉斯。1956年设州，成为印度最早工业化的州。制造业包括汽车、电子设备和化学。首府为清奈（即马德拉斯）。面积为130,058平方公里。\n\n请问坦米尔纳德（Tamil Nadu）在印度的哪个地区？", - "你好，Human！坦米尔纳德位于印度东南部，滨临孟加拉湾。这个邦具有长久的历史，曾是坦米尔王国的一部分。有任何其他关于坦米尔纳德的问题，我都很乐意为你解答。" + "坦米尔纳德位于印度东南部，滨临孟加拉湾。这个邦具有长久的历史，曾是坦米尔王国的一部分。有任何其他关于坦米尔纳德的问题，我都很乐意为你解答。" ], [ "了解了，谢谢解答。请问高韦里河三角洲在坦米尔纳德邦的哪个地方？", @@ -295917,7 +295917,7 @@ "history": [ [ "调音与调律tuning and temperament保证若干个乐音合在一起听起来悦耳的两个方面。调音保证一对音调合成得好听；调律则与调音达成某种妥协以保证任何一对以及所有各对音调能合成出悦耳的声音。如果两根弦的长度之比可以用两个小的整数来表示，那么它们一起振动时发出的声音就最好听。如果两根弦以2:1的比例振动，那么这两种振动将总是协调一致并互相加强的。但如果它们以197:100（非常接近2:1）的比例振动，那么每秒钟内它们会彼此抵销掉三次，产生可以听得出来的「拍」。这些拍就造成一些「不协和」的声音。因为由一种比例所产生的音调并不一定与重复应用的另一种比例所产生的相同音调一致，所以必须要么使某些音程失调以使其他的音程完美地和谐，要么将所有的音程都稍作失调。1700年以前，使用的是在前一种妥协基础上的若干系统，包括「精确转调」（just intonation）；而1700年以后，由「平均律」（equal temperament）代表的这种妥协占了优势，其中每对相邻的音所代表的比例都是一样的。\n\n请你根据提供的信息，解释一下什么是调音与调律。", - "你好，Human！调音和调律是音乐中两个重要方面，它们确保乐音在一起听起来和谐悦耳。调音主要指确保两个音调在一起听起来好听，例如音程关系。而调律则是在保留调音特性的同时，对音调进行某种妥协以保证任何一对以及所有各对音调能够产生和谐悦耳的声音。因为不同比例产生的音调可能无法完美相互协调，所以要调整某些音程，使得其他音程保持和谐，或者将所有音程进行微调。" + "调音和调律是音乐中两个重要方面，它们确保乐音在一起听起来和谐悦耳。调音主要指确保两个音调在一起听起来好听，例如音程关系。而调律则是在保留调音特性的同时，对音调进行某种妥协以保证任何一对以及所有各对音调能够产生和谐悦耳的声音。因为不同比例产生的音调可能无法完美相互协调，所以要调整某些音程，使得其他音程保持和谐，或者将所有音程进行微调。" ], [ "为什么两个小整数表示的长度之比会让两根弦发出的声音听起来更好听呢？", @@ -296084,7 +296084,7 @@ "history": [ [ "普赖默斯1919～1994年Primus, Pearl美国（千里达出生）舞者、编舞家和人类学家。两岁时就在纽约市居住。1943年在新舞团举行个人的舞蹈首演，是该团第一位黑人舞者，次年成立自己的舞团。她的表演吸取美国黑人的经验和自己在非洲和加勒比海地区所作的人类学研究成果。这些作品如《非洲祭典》（1944）和《婚礼》（1961）反映了她对这些方面的兴趣，也使得她获得哥伦比亚大学的博士学位。\n\n我想了解一下舞者普赖默斯，她在什么年代活跃？", - "你好，Human。普赖默斯（Pearl Primus）活跃于上世纪20年代至90年代，她的生活时间是从1919年到1994年。她是一位著名的美国舞者、编舞家和人类学家。希望这对你有所帮助。" + "普赖默斯（Pearl Primus）活跃于上世纪20年代至90年代，她的生活时间是从1919年到1994年。她是一位著名的美国舞者、编舞家和人类学家。希望这对你有所帮助。" ], [ "好的，能告诉我她是从什么时候开始从事舞蹈生涯的吗？", @@ -296202,7 +296202,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿尔巴尼亚语Albanian language一种印欧语系语言（Indo-European Language），操该种语言的大约有五百～六百万人，主要居住在阿尔巴尼亚、塞尔维亚与蒙特内哥罗的科索沃（Kosovo）、马其顿西部等地区，另有人散居在义大利南部、西西里岛以及希腊南部的一些村庄。阿尔巴尼亚语有两种主要方言：通行于北部的盖格（Gheg）方言（包括科索沃和马其顿）和通行于南部的托斯克（Tosk）方言。阿尔巴尼亚语言为唯一现存的印欧语系分支，其根据古罗马巴尔干语已不可考。最早文献可溯至西元15世纪。确定阿尔巴尼亚语为印欧诸语言的独立语族。其语法范畴跟其他欧洲语言很相似。阿尔巴尼亚语于1909年采用拉丁字母（Latin alphabet）。其核心字汇是本土性的，但在历史演进过程中有许多借词来自希腊语、拉丁语、巴尔干罗曼语、斯拉夫语（Slavic language）和土耳其语。\n\n请问阿尔巴尼亚语是哪个语系的语言？", - "你好，Human。阿尔巴尼亚语属于印欧语系（Indo-European Language）。这是一个广泛分布在欧洲和亚洲的语系，包括了许多我们熟知的语言，如英语、法语、德语等。阿尔巴尼亚语有其独特的地位，被认为是印欧语系的一个独立分支。这意味着阿尔巴尼亚语与其他印欧诸语言有一定联系，但在发展过程中又有显著的区别。" + "阿尔巴尼亚语属于印欧语系（Indo-European Language）。这是一个广泛分布在欧洲和亚洲的语系，包括了许多我们熟知的语言，如英语、法语、德语等。阿尔巴尼亚语有其独特的地位，被认为是印欧语系的一个独立分支。这意味着阿尔巴尼亚语与其他印欧诸语言有一定联系，但在发展过程中又有显著的区别。" ], [ "阿尔巴尼亚语的使用人口有多少？", @@ -296225,7 +296225,7 @@ "history": [ [ "高侧窗clerestory在高于周围屋顶的墙壁上开的窗。在大型建筑物中，对于不靠近外墙、不能对外开窗的房间，这种采光方法是十分必要的。拜占庭和早期基督教建筑都采用这种装置，到罗马风式和哥德式建筑时期，高侧窗得到高度发展和广泛应用，如法国沙特尔大教堂（1194）就有和侧堂窗一样宽的成对尖头高侧窗。\n\n我想了解一下高侧窗（clerestory）这种建筑采光方法，它在历史上的发展和应用情况是怎样的？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答关于高侧窗的问题。高侧窗（clerestory）是一种建筑采光方法，它的特点是在高于周围屋顶的墙壁上开设窗户。这种采光方式在大型建筑物中十分重要，特别是对于那些不靠近外墙、不能对外开窗的房间。在历史上，拜占庭和早期基督教建筑都采用了这种设施。到了罗马风格和哥德式建筑时期，高侧窗得到了高度发展和广泛应用，比如法国沙特尔大教堂（1194年建成）就有和侧堂窗一样宽的成对尖头高侧窗。" + "很高兴为你解答关于高侧窗的问题。高侧窗（clerestory）是一种建筑采光方法，它的特点是在高于周围屋顶的墙壁上开设窗户。这种采光方式在大型建筑物中十分重要，特别是对于那些不靠近外墙、不能对外开窗的房间。在历史上，拜占庭和早期基督教建筑都采用了这种设施。到了罗马风格和哥德式建筑时期，高侧窗得到了高度发展和广泛应用，比如法国沙特尔大教堂（1194年建成）就有和侧堂窗一样宽的成对尖头高侧窗。" ], [ "能告诉我在高侧窗典型应用的例子吗？例如沙特尔大教堂？", @@ -296335,7 +296335,7 @@ "history": [ [ "新斯科舍Nova Scotia加拿大省份，滨海诸省之一。由新斯科舍半岛、布雷顿角岛和附近几个小岛组成。以诺森伯兰海峡、圣罗伦斯湾、大西洋、芬迪湾和新伯伦瑞克省为界。省会哈利法克斯。约在西元1000年维京人首先到过这里，当1497年卡伯特宣布该地归英国所有时，有米克马克人定居于此。1605年到来的法国移民采用其米克马克名字，称为阿卡迪亚。1621年后英格兰和苏格兰殖民者到达，英、法两国间对此地控制权的冲突在1713年签订「乌得勒支条约」将该区判与英国后结束。1750年代英国逐出大部分的法国移民。随着美国革命爆发，许多效忠派移居到此。1867年加入加拿大自治领，成为创始成员之一。其经济历来与渔业、造船业和远洋运输业紧密相关。人口948,000（1996）。\n\n你好，请问新斯科舍省的概况是什么样的？", - "你好，Human！新斯科舍省位于加拿大的东部，是滨海诸省之一，包括新斯科舍半岛、布雷顿角岛和附近的几个小岛。省的界限包括诺森伯兰海峡、圣罗伦斯湾、大西洋、芬迪湾和与新伯伦瑞克省的交界地带。新斯科舍省的省会是哈利法克斯。这个地方在大约1000年前首次被维京人发现，后来在1497年被卡伯特宣布为英国领地。1605年法国移民来到这里，该地区曾被称为阿卡迪亚。多次英法冲突后，最终在1713年签订乌得勒支条约，判定该地为英国领土。1750年代，英国驱逐了大部分法国移民。美国革命爆发后，有许多效忠派移民到此地。1867年加入加拿大自治领，成为创始成员之一。新斯科舍省的经济与渔业、造船业和远洋运输业密切相关，人口约为948,000（1996年数据）。" + "新斯科舍省位于加拿大的东部，是滨海诸省之一，包括新斯科舍半岛、布雷顿角岛和附近的几个小岛。省的界限包括诺森伯兰海峡、圣罗伦斯湾、大西洋、芬迪湾和与新伯伦瑞克省的交界地带。新斯科舍省的省会是哈利法克斯。这个地方在大约1000年前首次被维京人发现，后来在1497年被卡伯特宣布为英国领地。1605年法国移民来到这里，该地区曾被称为阿卡迪亚。多次英法冲突后，最终在1713年签订乌得勒支条约，判定该地为英国领土。1750年代，英国驱逐了大部分法国移民。美国革命爆发后，有许多效忠派移民到此地。1867年加入加拿大自治领，成为创始成员之一。新斯科舍省的经济与渔业、造船业和远洋运输业密切相关，人口约为948,000（1996年数据）。" ], [ "哈利法克斯作为省会，请问它的著名景点有哪些？", @@ -296510,7 +296510,7 @@ "history": [ [ "铋bismuth半金属到金属化学元素，化学符号Bi，原子序数83。铋性硬、脆、有光泽，颜色灰白并带独特的浅红色彩。在自然界，铋常以游离态存在，也存在于化合物以及混合的矿石中。铋合金熔点低，可用于金属铸造、特种焊料、自动喷水头、保险丝以及许多防火设备。磷钼酸铋是一种催化剂，用于丙烯的生产过程，丙烯是生产纤维和塑胶的重要原料。铋的盐类可制作治疗消化功能紊乱的镇静剂（尤其是亚水杨酸铋）；铋盐也可用于治疗皮肤感染和皮肤外伤；还可用于口红、指甲油和眼影中，使产生珍珠般的品质。\n\n请问铋是什么类型的元素？", - "你好，Human。铋（Bismuth）是一种半金属到金属化学元素，化学符号为Bi，原子序数为83。它具有硬、脆、有光泽的特点，颜色为灰白，带有独特的浅红色彩。在自然界中，铋既以游离态存在，也存在于化合物及混合的矿石中。" + "铋（Bismuth）是一种半金属到金属化学元素，化学符号为Bi，原子序数为83。它具有硬、脆、有光泽的特点，颜色为灰白，带有独特的浅红色彩。在自然界中，铋既以游离态存在，也存在于化合物及混合的矿石中。" ], [ "铋在日常生活中有哪些应用？", @@ -296762,7 +296762,7 @@ "history": [ [ "霍克斯堡河Hawkesbury River澳大利亚新南威尔士州河流。源出大分水岭，向东北流，在雪梨北方注入塔斯曼海。全长472公里。上游称伍伦迪利河，接纳纳泰河后称沃勒甘巴河，在汇合格罗斯河后称霍克斯堡河。其继续往下流约160公里，成为一条咸水潮汐河川。\n\n请问霍克斯堡河位于澳大利亚的哪个州？", - "你好，Human。霍克斯堡河位于澳大利亚的新南威尔士州。这条河流自大分水岭发源，最终在雪梨北方注入塔斯曼海。如果你有关于霍克斯堡河的其他问题，欢迎随时向我咨询。" + "霍克斯堡河位于澳大利亚的新南威尔士州。这条河流自大分水岭发源，最终在雪梨北方注入塔斯曼海。如果你有关于霍克斯堡河的其他问题，欢迎随时向我咨询。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。霍克斯堡河的全长是多少？", @@ -296800,7 +296800,7 @@ "history": [ [ "被解放黑奴事务管理局1865～1872年Freedmen's Bureau美国南北战争结束后进入重建时期，国会为新获自由的黑人提供实际援助、使之成为自由民而设立的机构，由霍华德主持。它设立医院，向一百多万黑人提供医药；并向2,100万黑人和白人配给。创办黑人学校1,000多所，训练师资。但在人权方面，管理局几乎无所作为。国会受到来自南方白人的压力，于是撤销管理局。\n\n你好，上面这段关于被解放黑奴事务管理局的描述，让我产生了一些疑问。首先，请问被解放黑奴事务管理局是在什么背景下成立的？", - "你好，Human！被解放黑奴事务管理局（Freedmen's Bureau）的成立背景是美国南北战争结束后，进入重建时期。当时美国国会为了给新获得自由的黑人提供实际援助、帮助他们成为自由民，因此设立了这个机构。这个机构旨在帮助解决新获得自由的黑人在教育、医疗等方面遇到的问题，协助他们跟随全国的改革步伐。" + "被解放黑奴事务管理局（Freedmen's Bureau）的成立背景是美国南北战争结束后，进入重建时期。当时美国国会为了给新获得自由的黑人提供实际援助、帮助他们成为自由民，因此设立了这个机构。这个机构旨在帮助解决新获得自由的黑人在教育、医疗等方面遇到的问题，协助他们跟随全国的改革步伐。" ], [ "这个机构的主要负责人是谁？他有什么特别的地方吗？", @@ -297081,7 +297081,7 @@ "history": [ [ "舞台机械装置stage machinery为达到剧场演出效果而设计的装置，诸如快速换景、灯光、音响效果及幻觉。早在西元前5世纪就开始使用，当时希腊人发明了「舞台机关送神」装置，可以让演员从空中降落到舞台上。希腊人还使用安装在轮子上的可移动布景。中世纪的神蹟剧也使用舞台机械装置，包括让魔鬼出现的活板门，以及供天使使用的空中飞行机械装置。义大利文艺复兴时期，人们开始为教堂里的祭日表演设计精巧的机械装置。17世纪义大利人托雷利（G Torelli, 1608～1678）发明了一种移动舞台两翼装置，能快速转换布景。19世纪人们利用反射镜和活板门制造出魔术般的幻景。到20世纪末，除音乐剧外，大场面已经过时，但液压舞台机械装置能快速、无声地变换布景。\n\n你好，请问舞台机械装置的起源是怎样的？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，舞台机械装置的起源可以追溯到公元前5世纪的希腊。希腊人发明了“舞台机关送神”的装置，可以让演员从空中降落到舞台上。同时，他们还使用轮子上的可移动布景。通过这些发明，舞台机械装置在历史上逐渐演进并发展成如今的形态。" + "根据提供的信息，舞台机械装置的起源可以追溯到公元前5世纪的希腊。希腊人发明了“舞台机关送神”的装置，可以让演员从空中降落到舞台上。同时，他们还使用轮子上的可移动布景。通过这些发明，舞台机械装置在历史上逐渐演进并发展成如今的形态。" ], [ "中世纪的神蹟剧和文艺复兴时期的舞台机械装置有何特点？", @@ -297165,7 +297165,7 @@ "history": [ [ "基督教Christianity西元1世纪由巴勒斯坦的拿撒勒人耶稣基督创立的宗教。此宗教的圣典是《圣经》，特别是《新约圣经》。其主要教义是：耶稣是上帝之子（圣三位一体的第二人），上帝对这个世界的爱是耶稣存在的必要因素，耶稣为救赎人类而死。基督教原本是犹太人的一种运动，他们接受耶稣是弥赛亚，但此运动很快变为非犹太人的信仰。早期教会是由圣保罗和其他早期基督教传教士、神学家建立的；在罗马帝国时期受迫害，但君士坦丁一世支持它，成为第一个信奉基督教的皇帝。耶稣死后两千年，基督教已分裂为许多支派，并继续分枝下去。几个大的分支包括：天主教、东正教和新教。几乎所有的基督教教会都有按立的神职人员，这些人通常是（但不全是）男性。神职人员带领集体作崇拜仪式，并在某些教会被视为俗人阶级和神之间的沟通媒介。大多数基督教教会执行两种圣礼仪式：洗礼和圣餐。现在全世界约有将近二十亿基督教教徒，分布于各大洲。\n\n请问基督教是由谁创立的？他来自哪个地方？", - "你好，Human！基督教是由拿撒勒人耶稣基督创立的。耶稣基督来自巴勒斯坦地区。如果你对基督教有更多问题，请随时提问。" + "基督教是由拿撒勒人耶稣基督创立的。耶稣基督来自巴勒斯坦地区。如果你对基督教有更多问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "谢谢！据我了解基督教的圣典是《圣经》，它是如何分为《新约圣经》和《旧约圣经》的？", @@ -297390,7 +297390,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中美洲文明Mesoamerican civilization指16世纪西班牙征服之前的墨西哥和中美洲部分地区原住民文化的复合体。这一文明和南美的安地斯文明安地斯文明组成了西半球新世界相对于东半球的埃及、美索不大米亚以及中国文明的对等体。早在西元前21000年中美洲就有人迹，从西元前7000年冰期末地球回暖后至西元前1500年，大部分面积逐渐为狩猎和采集的人们所占据。最早的中美洲文明是奥尔梅克文化，可追溯到西元前1150年。在中形成期（西元前900～西元前300年）的这段时期是文化地区主义加强的时期，出现了萨波特克人。随后持续到西元700～900年左右的晚形成期和古典时期包括马雅文化和以特奥蒂瓦坎为中心的文明。其后的社会还包括托尔特克人和阿兹特克人。亦请参阅Chichen Itza、Mixtec、Monte Alban、Nahua、Nahua language、Tikal。\n\n请问中美洲文明是什么？", - "你好，Human！中美洲文明，也称作Mesoamerican civilization，指的是16世纪西班牙征服之前的墨西哥和中美洲部分地区原住民文化的复合体。它与南美的安地斯文明一起构成了西半球新世界相对于东半球的埃及、美索不达米亚以及中国文明的对等体。中美洲文明的历史可以追溯到公元前，包括奥尔梅克文化、马雅文化等各个阶段的发展。" + "中美洲文明，也称作Mesoamerican civilization，指的是16世纪西班牙征服之前的墨西哥和中美洲部分地区原住民文化的复合体。它与南美的安地斯文明一起构成了西半球新世界相对于东半球的埃及、美索不达米亚以及中国文明的对等体。中美洲文明的历史可以追溯到公元前，包括奥尔梅克文化、马雅文化等各个阶段的发展。" ], [ "能否介绍一下早期的中美洲人类历史？", @@ -297523,7 +297523,7 @@ "history": [ [ "帝国主义imperialism国家扩张权力与领土的政策、行为或主张，特别是指经由直接占领土地或藉由政治与经济手段控制其他地区的手段。由于帝国主义通常与强权连在一起，无论是用武力或使诡计，因此人们通常认为在道义上应予谴责，在20世纪时这个词常被用来公开谴责或诋毁敌对国家的外交政策。经济学家们也曾对帝国主义是否有利和谁从中获利方面讨论过。像马基维利、希特勒的理论是，天生优越的民族注定要统治所有其他的民族。有些观点与战略及安全有关，认为帝国主义是基于各种安全上的理由而产生的。第二次世界大战后，透过直接征服的帝国主义已被所谓的政治、经济和文化帝国主义所取代。亦请参阅colonialism、influence, sphere of。\n\n请根据我提供的信息，简要描述一下什么是帝国主义。", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，帝国主义是一种国家扩张权力与领土的政策、行为或主张。特点是通过直接占领土地或利用政治与经济手段控制其他地区。帝国主义通常与强权联系在一起，可能通过武力或诡计实现。人们普遍认为帝国主义在道义上应该受到谴责。经济学家们也对帝国主义的利弊以及谁能从中获利展开过讨论。帝国主义有时与战略和安全有关，认为这是由于安全原因而产生的。第二次世界大战后，逐渐从直接征服型帝国主义转变为政治、经济和文化帝国主义。" + "根据你提供的信息，帝国主义是一种国家扩张权力与领土的政策、行为或主张。特点是通过直接占领土地或利用政治与经济手段控制其他地区。帝国主义通常与强权联系在一起，可能通过武力或诡计实现。人们普遍认为帝国主义在道义上应该受到谴责。经济学家们也对帝国主义的利弊以及谁能从中获利展开过讨论。帝国主义有时与战略和安全有关，认为这是由于安全原因而产生的。第二次世界大战后，逐渐从直接征服型帝国主义转变为政治、经济和文化帝国主义。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释。那么马基维利和希特勒提出的关于帝国主义的理论是什么呢？", @@ -297542,7 +297542,7 @@ "history": [ [ "波旁王室Bourbon, House of欧洲过去最重要的统治家族之一。此家族系出法国国王路易九世之孙波旁公爵（duc de Bourbon, 1327～1342）路易一世（Louis I）。这个家族统治过法国（1589～1792、1814～1848）、西班牙（1700～1868、1870～1873、1874～1931，以及自1975年到现在），以及那不勒斯和西西里国王（1735～1861）。家族中最着名的成员有：亨利四世、路易十三世、路易十四世、路易十五世、路易十六世和腓力五世。\n\n你好，请根据波旁王室的信息简单介绍一下他们的历史。", - "你好，Human！波旁王室是欧洲过去最重要的统治家族之一，这个家族来源于法国国王路易九世的孙子波旁公爵路易一世。他们的历史可以追溯到14世纪。这个家族曾统治过法国、西班牙以及那不勒斯和西西里。具体来说，他们在法国的统治时期为1589年至1792年，1814年至1848年；在西班牙的统治时期为1700年至1868年，1870年至1873年，1874年至1931年，以及自1975年至今；在那不勒斯和西西里的统治时期为1735年至1861年。家族中最著名的成员包括亨利四世、路易十三世、路易十四世、路易十五世、路易十六世和腓力五世。" + "波旁王室是欧洲过去最重要的统治家族之一，这个家族来源于法国国王路易九世的孙子波旁公爵路易一世。他们的历史可以追溯到14世纪。这个家族曾统治过法国、西班牙以及那不勒斯和西西里。具体来说，他们在法国的统治时期为1589年至1792年，1814年至1848年；在西班牙的统治时期为1700年至1868年，1870年至1873年，1874年至1931年，以及自1975年至今；在那不勒斯和西西里的统治时期为1735年至1861年。家族中最著名的成员包括亨利四世、路易十三世、路易十四世、路易十五世、路易十六世和腓力五世。" ] ] }, @@ -297717,7 +297717,7 @@ "history": [ [ "格陵兰Greenland丹麦语作Gronland格陵兰语作Kalaallit Nunaat北美洲东北部岛屿。世界最大岛（澳大利亚除外），面积2,175,600平方公里，位于北大西洋。丹麦属地。首府努克。2/3土地在北极圈内，其地貌特征是广大厚实的格陵兰冰原，格陵兰的经济基础为渔业和采矿业，1989年发现了特大型金矿。格陵兰人占总人口的4/5以上，大多具有爱斯基摩人（或称伊努伊特人）的血统。据说伊努伊特人以加拿大极地的岛屿作跳板，自北美渡海到达格陵兰西北部。他们多次迁移，从西元前4000年一直延续到西元1000年。982年，挪威人埃里克来格陵兰定居。11世纪时，其子埃里克松将基督教传入格陵兰。14世纪后期，格陵兰在丹麦－挪威联合控制下。原先的诺尔斯殖民地于15世纪消失。1721年，进入丹麦殖民时代。1776年，丹麦政府独揽了格陵兰的贸易活动。此后格陵兰的海岸对外关闭，直到1950年才再度开放。1953年，格陵兰成为丹麦王国一部分，1979年得内政自治权。人口约57,000（1991）。\n\n我在这段文字中了解到格陵兰是世界上最大的岛屿，请问它的面积具体多大？", - "你好Human，格陵兰的面积为2,175,600平方公里。这使得它成为世界上最大的岛屿（如果不把澳大利亚算作岛屿的话）。这个庞大的面积让它在地理上成为一个独特的地方。" + "格陵兰的面积为2,175,600平方公里。这使得它成为世界上最大的岛屿（如果不把澳大利亚算作岛屿的话）。这个庞大的面积让它在地理上成为一个独特的地方。" ], [ "我发现格陵兰位于北大西洋，那么它主要的经济来源是什么？", @@ -297740,7 +297740,7 @@ "history": [ [ "喀拉喀托Krakatau亦作Krakatoa在爪哇和苏门答腊之间巽他海峡中心一个岛上的火山。1883年的喷发是历史上最灾难性的一次。澳大利亚、日本和菲律宾都能听到爆炸声，大量的火山灰洒落到80万平方公里的地区。它引起海啸，浪高36公尺，造成爪哇和苏门答腊36,000人死亡。1927年再次喷发，至今还在活动。\n\n请问，喀拉喀托火山位于巽他海峡的哪个岛屿上？", - "你好，Human。喀拉喀托火山位于巽他海峡中心的一个岛上，这个岛位于爪哇岛和苏门答腊岛之间。由于喀拉喀托火山自1883年以来多次喷发，岛屿的形态可能发生了一定变化，但总体上仍位于这两个大岛之间的海域。" + "喀拉喀托火山位于巽他海峡中心的一个岛上，这个岛位于爪哇岛和苏门答腊岛之间。由于喀拉喀托火山自1883年以来多次喷发，岛屿的形态可能发生了一定变化，但总体上仍位于这两个大岛之间的海域。" ], [ "感谢回答。关于1883年的喀拉喀托火山喷发，可以详细介绍一下当时的情况和影响吗？", @@ -297828,7 +297828,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鹦鹉鱼parrot fish亦称鹦嘴鱼。鹦嘴鱼科约80种热带珊瑚礁鱼类的统称，体长而深，头圆钝，体色鲜艳，鳞大。其颚齿硬化演变为鹦鹉嘴状，用以从珊瑚礁上刮食藻类和珊瑚的软质部分。咽部的板状齿能磨碎食物及珊瑚碎块。体长可达12公尺，重可达20公斤。栖息于印度洋-太平洋地区或溪流中的带纹鹦嘴鱼（Callyodon fasciatus）体长46公分或更长。大西洋的种类有王后鹦嘴鱼（Scarus vetula）。\n\n你好，请问鹦鹉鱼是什么样的鱼？", - "你好，Human。鹦鹉鱼又称为鹦嘴鱼，是鹦嘴鱼科的约80种热带珊瑚礁鱼类的总称。它们通常体态长而深，头部圆钝，体色鲜艳，鳞片较大。鹦鹉鱼的颚齿经过硬化演变成了鹦鹉嘴状，专门用来从珊瑚礁上刮食藻类和珊瑚的软质部分。咽部的板状齿能磨碎食物及珊瑚碎块。它们的栖息地主要在印度洋和太平洋地区的珊瑚礁水域。根据种类不同，它们的体长和重量也有差异，但一般最大的体长可达12公尺，重达20公斤。" + "鹦鹉鱼又称为鹦嘴鱼，是鹦嘴鱼科的约80种热带珊瑚礁鱼类的总称。它们通常体态长而深，头部圆钝，体色鲜艳，鳞片较大。鹦鹉鱼的颚齿经过硬化演变成了鹦鹉嘴状，专门用来从珊瑚礁上刮食藻类和珊瑚的软质部分。咽部的板状齿能磨碎食物及珊瑚碎块。它们的栖息地主要在印度洋和太平洋地区的珊瑚礁水域。根据种类不同，它们的体长和重量也有差异，但一般最大的体长可达12公尺，重达20公斤。" ], [ "请问溪流中的带纹鹦嘴鱼和大西洋的王后鹦嘴鱼有什么区别？", @@ -297992,7 +297992,7 @@ "history": [ [ "痛性痉挛cramp不随意性、持续性、疼痛性的肌肉挛缩。最常见于四肢，也可累及内脏器官，起因可能是神经性、习惯性或心理因素。一般肌肉性痛性痉挛有：游泳者抽筋，大多是在冷水中用力过度引起；热性痛性痉挛，因大量排汗导致失盐（氯化钠）而引起；小腿痛性痉挛，可能是过度劳累、拉伸或冷热刺激致使小腿腓肠肌出现反应性紧张，或是因压迫所致的血液循环不畅；职业性（如写字员）痛性痉挛，是一种功能性肌肉痉挛，因工作需要，受累肌肉整天处于某种紧张状态所致。痛经表现为经前或经期的子宫平滑肌的痛性痉挛，常持续几个小时至一天。如果帕金森氏症和亨丁顿氏舞蹈病患者发生痛性痉挛，会带来很多麻烦。手足搐搦是四肢肌肉痛性痉挛的一种严重形式。\n\n请问痛性痉挛具体是怎么造成的？", - "你好，Human！痛性痉挛通常是指不随意性、持续性、疼痛性的肌肉挛缩。它可能发生在四肢肌肉或内脏器官，起因可能是神经性、习惯性或心理因素。让我更详细地解释一下：一般的肌肉性痛性痉挛有以下几种类型：\n\n1. 游泳者抽筋：主要是在冷水中用力过度引起的。\n2. 热性痛性痉挛：由于大量排汗导致失盐（氯化钠）引发。\n3. 小腿痛性痉挛：可能是因为过度劳累、拉伸或冷热刺激导致小腿腓肠肌出现反应性紧张，或者是血液循环受压而变差。\n4. 职业性痛性痉挛：因工作需要，受累肌肉整天处于某种紧张状态所致，例如写字员长时间手部肌肉紧张。\n\n另外，痛经也是一种痛性痉挛，表现为经前或经期的子宫平滑肌的痉挛。当一些患有帕金森氏症和亨丁顿氏舞蹈病患者发生痛性痉挛时，会给他们的生活带来更多的困扰。手足搐搦则是四肢肌肉痛性痉挛的一种严重形式。希望这些信息对你有所帮助。" + "痛性痉挛通常是指不随意性、持续性、疼痛性的肌肉挛缩。它可能发生在四肢肌肉或内脏器官，起因可能是神经性、习惯性或心理因素。让我更详细地解释一下：一般的肌肉性痛性痉挛有以下几种类型：\n\n1. 游泳者抽筋：主要是在冷水中用力过度引起的。\n2. 热性痛性痉挛：由于大量排汗导致失盐（氯化钠）引发。\n3. 小腿痛性痉挛：可能是因为过度劳累、拉伸或冷热刺激导致小腿腓肠肌出现反应性紧张，或者是血液循环受压而变差。\n4. 职业性痛性痉挛：因工作需要，受累肌肉整天处于某种紧张状态所致，例如写字员长时间手部肌肉紧张。\n\n另外，痛经也是一种痛性痉挛，表现为经前或经期的子宫平滑肌的痉挛。当一些患有帕金森氏症和亨丁顿氏舞蹈病患者发生痛性痉挛时，会给他们的生活带来更多的困扰。手足搐搦则是四肢肌肉痛性痉挛的一种严重形式。希望这些信息对你有所帮助。" ], [ "谢谢解答！那么我又有个问题，如何预防痛性痉挛的发生？", @@ -298507,7 +298507,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法厄同Phaethon希腊神话中，太阳神赫利俄斯（Helios）和仙女的儿子。由于被人说成是私生子而感到受了嘲弄，乃向父亲要求允许他驾驭金车遨游天空一日，以证明赫利俄斯是他的父亲。结果法厄同无法控制马匹，在天空中画下一道裂缝成为银河后，又靠地球太近，几乎把地球烧毁。宙斯为了防止他酿成更大的灾祸，掷出一道雷电把他打死。\n\n我刚刚阅读了关于法厄同的神话故事，请问赫利俄斯是希腊神话中的哪位神祇？", - "你好，Human。赫利俄斯是希腊神话中的太阳神。他负责驾驭太阳神车，每天从东到西穿越天空，为人类带来光明。赫利俄斯在神话中有着重要的地位，与其他众神一同主宰着世界的运行。" + "赫利俄斯是希腊神话中的太阳神。他负责驾驭太阳神车，每天从东到西穿越天空，为人类带来光明。赫利俄斯在神话中有着重要的地位，与其他众神一同主宰着世界的运行。" ], [ "谢谢解答，我还想了解一下，法厄同的母亲是什么仙女呢？", @@ -298774,7 +298774,7 @@ "history": [ [ "塞斯比阿Thespiae希腊中东部波奥蒂亚古城镇。塞斯比阿是缪斯女神神庙和节日的发祥地，同时也是普拉克西特利斯着名雕像厄洛斯像的所在地。塞斯比阿在希腊史上的重要性主要在于它是近邻底比斯的仇敌。西元前480年塞斯比阿与莱奥尼达斯领导的斯巴达军队合作与波斯人进行了温泉关战役，并于西元前479年在普拉蒂亚继续进行抵抗。西元前379～西元前372年，塞斯比阿成为斯巴达的重要基地以与底比斯进行对抗。西元前371年，底比斯消灭塞斯比阿，但是不久又得到重建。在罗马帝国时期塞斯比阿仍为重要的波奥蒂亚城市。\n\n你好，请问塞斯比阿Thespiae是希腊的哪个地区的古城镇？", - "你好，Human！塞斯比阿Thespiae位于希腊中东部的波奥蒂亚地区。这个古城镇有着丰富的历史底蕴，在希腊史上担任了重要的角色。希望这个答案能帮助你了解塞斯比阿的地理位置。" + "塞斯比阿Thespiae位于希腊中东部的波奥蒂亚地区。这个古城镇有着丰富的历史底蕴，在希腊史上担任了重要的角色。希望这个答案能帮助你了解塞斯比阿的地理位置。" ], [ "多谢解答！塞斯比阿为何会成为缪斯女神神庙和节日的发祥地呢？", @@ -298793,7 +298793,7 @@ "history": [ [ "轻型汽车赛sports-car racing使用设计低矮、小巧的双座汽车以达到反应快速、操作轻易和高速度行驶来进行汽车比赛的形式。不同于大奖赛所用的赛车，轻型汽车常为批量生产，很少手制，某些汽车制造商（例如保时捷、积架等）的名誉于是用来作担保。最着名的国际轻型汽车赛是勒芒耐力大奖赛。\n\n请问轻型汽车赛是什么样的比赛？", - "你好，Human！轻型汽车赛（sports-car racing）是一种汽车比赛形式，这种比赛中使用的是设计低矮、小巧的双座汽车。这些汽车具有快速反应、操作轻易和高速度行驶的特点。不同于大奖赛中使用的赛车，轻型汽车通常是批量生产而非手工制造的。一些知名的汽车制造商（例如保时捷、积架等）的声誉成为保障。最著名的国际轻型汽车赛是勒芒耐力大奖赛。" + "轻型汽车赛（sports-car racing）是一种汽车比赛形式，这种比赛中使用的是设计低矮、小巧的双座汽车。这些汽车具有快速反应、操作轻易和高速度行驶的特点。不同于大奖赛中使用的赛车，轻型汽车通常是批量生产而非手工制造的。一些知名的汽车制造商（例如保时捷、积架等）的声誉成为保障。最著名的国际轻型汽车赛是勒芒耐力大奖赛。" ], [ "能详细介绍一下勒芒耐力大奖赛吗？", @@ -298900,7 +298900,7 @@ "history": [ [ "公案koan日本佛教禅宗里的一条规矩，在冥想中用的似是而非的短句或问题。目的是让信徒把注意力集中在解释公案上面，消耗掉他们分析的智慧和愿望，让头脑空出来回应直觉。约有1,700条传统的公案，出自古代禅师的轶事。广为人知的例子有「双手击掌时会发出声音；倾听单手击掌的声音。」\n\n你好，我想了解一些关于禅宗佛教中的公案的信息，能给我介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答关于公案的问题。公案是日本禅宗佛教中一种特殊的修行方法。公案本身通常是一个似是而非的短句或问题，它们的目的是让信徒把注意力集中在解释公案上面。通过深入思考这些看似无解的问题，信徒们试图消耗掉他们的分析智慧和愿望，让头脑空出来回应直觉。这种修行方式被认为有助于达到悟性。约有1,700条传统的公案，它们通常出自古代禅师的轶事。一个著名的公案例子是：“双手击掌时会发出声音；倾听单手击掌的声音。”" + "很高兴为你解答关于公案的问题。公案是日本禅宗佛教中一种特殊的修行方法。公案本身通常是一个似是而非的短句或问题，它们的目的是让信徒把注意力集中在解释公案上面。通过深入思考这些看似无解的问题，信徒们试图消耗掉他们的分析智慧和愿望，让头脑空出来回应直觉。这种修行方式被认为有助于达到悟性。约有1,700条传统的公案，它们通常出自古代禅师的轶事。一个著名的公案例子是：“双手击掌时会发出声音；倾听单手击掌的声音。”" ], [ "请告诉我一些传统的公案例子。", @@ -299358,7 +299358,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法新社Agence France-Presse (AFP)法国合作新闻社。1945年以现名成立于巴黎。它的前身是1832年创建的哈瓦斯编译事务所（Bureau Havas），1835年事务所改为哈瓦斯通讯社（Agence Havas），成为世界上第一家真正的通讯社。在1940年德国占领法国前，原本很活跃的哈瓦斯通讯社，大批工作人员转入地下。1944年巴黎解放后，地下新闻工作者出来组建法新社。战后法国政府把哈瓦斯通讯社财产，包括作为总部的巴黎大厦转交给法新社，使得法新社很快就成为世界主要通讯社通讯社（news agency）之一。\n\n你好，根据我刚才给你的那段背景信息，能告诉我法国合作新闻社是如何诞生的吗？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的背景信息，法国合作新闻社（Agence France-Presse，简称AFP）的前身是1832年创建的哈瓦斯编译事务所（Bureau Havas），1835年事务所改为哈瓦斯通讯社（Agence Havas），这是世界上第一家真正的通讯社。在1940年德国占领法国前，原本很活跃的哈瓦斯通讯社大部分员工转入地下。1944年巴黎解放后，地下新闻工作者重新露面，并于1945年组建法国合作新闻社。战后法国政府把哈瓦斯通讯社财产，包括作为总部的巴黎大厦交给法新社，使得法新社很快发展成为世界主要通讯社之一。" + "根据你提供的背景信息，法国合作新闻社（Agence France-Presse，简称AFP）的前身是1832年创建的哈瓦斯编译事务所（Bureau Havas），1835年事务所改为哈瓦斯通讯社（Agence Havas），这是世界上第一家真正的通讯社。在1940年德国占领法国前，原本很活跃的哈瓦斯通讯社大部分员工转入地下。1944年巴黎解放后，地下新闻工作者重新露面，并于1945年组建法国合作新闻社。战后法国政府把哈瓦斯通讯社财产，包括作为总部的巴黎大厦交给法新社，使得法新社很快发展成为世界主要通讯社之一。" ], [ "那么，在二战期间，哈瓦斯通讯社员工为什么要转入地下呢？", @@ -299552,7 +299552,7 @@ "history": [ [ "精神分裂症schizophrenia任何一组严重的精神障碍，共同的症状有：幻觉、妄想、感情淡漠、思维障碍和脱离现实等。主要分为四型：常受幻想中的迫害或非现实、无逻辑的思想以及幻听困扰的类偏执型；言辞和行为混乱、精神反应迟钝且幼稚的错乱型（青春型）；行动笨拙、愚钝、言辞不清的紧张型以及还未区分开的未分化型。神经分裂症的发生率为05～1%。医学证明遗传起到很大作用，但没有单一的原因得到过证实。约有1/3的患者可以完全康复，1/3的症状会反覆发生，而剩下的1/3则恶化成长期疾病。\n\n你好。我想了解一下精神分裂症的定义以及它的主要症状是什么？", - "你好，Human。精神分裂症是一组严重的精神障碍，具有以下共同的症状：幻觉、妄想、感情淡漠、思维障碍和脱离现实等。这种病症是复杂的，因此它被分为四个主要类型：偏执型、错乱型（青春型）、紧张型和未分化型。这些类型的区别主要在于症状的严重程度和表现形式。了解这些信息对于识别和治疗精神分裂症患者非常重要。" + "精神分裂症是一组严重的精神障碍，具有以下共同的症状：幻觉、妄想、感情淡漠、思维障碍和脱离现实等。这种病症是复杂的，因此它被分为四个主要类型：偏执型、错乱型（青春型）、紧张型和未分化型。这些类型的区别主要在于症状的严重程度和表现形式。了解这些信息对于识别和治疗精神分裂症患者非常重要。" ], [ "这四种类型的精神分裂症有什么具体的区别？", @@ -299800,7 +299800,7 @@ "history": [ [ "南塔克特Nantucket美国麻萨诸塞州科德角以南，大西洋中的岛屿。马斯基吉特海峡将它与漫沙文雅隔开。该岛由冰川作用形成，有广阔的沙滩、良好的港湾以及温和的气候。1641年从普里茅斯殖民地购得，成为纽约州的一部分，1659年由贵格会人定居下来。1692年割让给麻萨诸塞州。18世纪时为捕鲸中心。现在夏季旅游业是它的经济支柱。人口约7,000（1995）。\n\n请根据所给的信息描述一下南塔克特岛的地理位置。", - "你好，Human！南塔克特岛位于美国麻萨诸塞州科德角以南，地处大西洋中。它与马斯基吉特海峡相隔，与著名景区漫沙文雅相邻。这个岛屿是由冰川作用形成的，所以具有广阔的沙滩、良好的港湾以及温和的气候。了解南塔克特岛的地理位置有助于我们更好地了解这个旅游胜地。" + "南塔克特岛位于美国麻萨诸塞州科德角以南，地处大西洋中。它与马斯基吉特海峡相隔，与著名景区漫沙文雅相邻。这个岛屿是由冰川作用形成的，所以具有广阔的沙滩、良好的港湾以及温和的气候。了解南塔克特岛的地理位置有助于我们更好地了解这个旅游胜地。" ], [ "这个岛的历史发展经过是怎样的呢？", @@ -299953,7 +299953,7 @@ "history": [ [ "纳亚尔Nayar印度喀拉拉邦印度教种姓。在1792年英国征服印度之前，喀拉拉邦中的皇族、贵族、民兵和土地经营者都来自纳亚尔种姓。在英国统治时期，纳亚尔在政界、医药界、教育界和法律界颇有地位。纳亚尔与大多数印度教徒不同，传统上为母系社会，父亲对子女既无责任，也无权利。多夫多妻制，即男女皆可接待多位前来看望的配偶，于19世纪逐渐消灭。1930年代制定的法律实行一夫一妻制，子女都享有父亲抚育及承受遗产的充分权利。\n\n你好，我想了解一下纳亚尔族在印度喀拉拉邦的历史地位，能简要介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！纳亚尔族是印度喀拉拉邦的印度教种姓。在1792年英国征服印度之前，喀拉拉邦的皇族、贵族、民兵和土地经营者都来自纳亚尔种姓。在英国统治时期，纳亚尔在政界、医药界、教育界和法律界都有较高地位。了解这些背景信息可以帮助你更好地理解纳亚尔族在印度喀拉拉邦的历史地位。" + "纳亚尔族是印度喀拉拉邦的印度教种姓。在1792年英国征服印度之前，喀拉拉邦的皇族、贵族、民兵和土地经营者都来自纳亚尔种姓。在英国统治时期，纳亚尔在政界、医药界、教育界和法律界都有较高地位。了解这些背景信息可以帮助你更好地理解纳亚尔族在印度喀拉拉邦的历史地位。" ], [ "非常感谢！请问纳亚尔族的家庭结构有什么特点吗？", @@ -300341,7 +300341,7 @@ "history": [ [ "涡虫planarian片蛭科及近缘科（涡虫纲）约3,000种分布广泛，多数独立生存的扁虫。通常发现于淡水中，海中或陆地环境也可找到。体伸长时呈叶片状，柔软，有纤毛。头铲形，有两眼，有时具触须。尾尖。口在腹面后侧，常在距尾不及体长一半处。体长一般约3～15公厘，有的超过30公分。波浪式游泳或匍匐前进。多数夜出取食原生动物、小螺和蠕虫。\n\n请问涡虫planarian这种生物通常在哪些环境中可以找到？", - "你好，Human！涡虫planarian主要分布在淡水环境中，但它们也可以在海水和陆地环境中生活。它们有很广泛的分布，因此在不同的环境中都有可能找到它们。" + "涡虫planarian主要分布在淡水环境中，但它们也可以在海水和陆地环境中生活。它们有很广泛的分布，因此在不同的环境中都有可能找到它们。" ], [ "涡虫是如何进行移动的呢？", @@ -300509,7 +300509,7 @@ "history": [ [ "帕拉瓜纳半岛Paraguaná Peninsula委内瑞拉西北部半岛，位于加勒比海和委内瑞拉湾之间。地势低缓，土地贫瘠，人烟稀少，1950年代、1960年代随着石油工业的发展而日益重要。输油管从油田通往半岛西侧的大炼油厂，并可通达大型油轮。\n\n我想了解一下委内瑞拉的帕拉瓜纳半岛，这个半岛的地理位置具体在哪里？", - "你好，Human！帕拉瓜纳半岛位于委内瑞拉西北部，它处于加勒比海和委内瑞拉湾之间，地理位置非常独特。这片土地上人烟稀少，土地贫瘠，地势较为低缓。" + "帕拉瓜纳半岛位于委内瑞拉西北部，它处于加勒比海和委内瑞拉湾之间，地理位置非常独特。这片土地上人烟稀少，土地贫瘠，地势较为低缓。" ], [ "这个半岛在什么时候开始变得比较重要的？", @@ -301021,7 +301021,7 @@ "history": [ [ "珀西瓦尔1762～1812年Perceval, Spencer英国首相（1809～1812）。1796年进入国会，支持小庇特对法国的作战政策。1802～1806年任检察总长，1807～1809年担任财政大臣。1809年起任首相，以管理有效和反对宗教宽容而着称。后被一个对政府不满的精神错乱者刺杀。\n\n请问，谁是珀西瓦尔？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，珀西瓦尔（Perceval, Spencer）是英国的一位历史人物，生活在1762-1812年。他曾担任英国首相，任期从1809年至1812年。他进入国会的时间是1796年，在国会期间，他支持小庇特对法国的作战政策。此外，他还曾任英国检察总长（1802-1806年）和财政大臣（1807-1809年）。他以高效的管理和反对宗教宽容而闻名。不幸的是，他最终被一个对政府不满的精神错乱者刺杀。" + "根据提供的信息，珀西瓦尔（Perceval, Spencer）是英国的一位历史人物，生活在1762-1812年。他曾担任英国首相，任期从1809年至1812年。他进入国会的时间是1796年，在国会期间，他支持小庇特对法国的作战政策。此外，他还曾任英国检察总长（1802-1806年）和财政大臣（1807-1809年）。他以高效的管理和反对宗教宽容而闻名。不幸的是，他最终被一个对政府不满的精神错乱者刺杀。" ], [ "请问珀西瓦尔在国会期间支持的小庇特是谁？", @@ -301384,7 +301384,7 @@ "history": [ [ "裴洛1930年～Perot, H(enry) Ross美国商人。毕业于亚那波里斯海军学院，1953～1957年在美国海军服役，1957～1962年任职于IBM公司，之后成立自己的电子资讯系统公司。他经营有方，并于1984年以25亿美元将公司出售给通用汽车公司。1992年成为总统独立候选人，因此而闻名全国。他在那些对传统政党政治不满的选民中赢得广大的支持，在普选中赢得19%选票。他的改革党已逐渐脱离裴洛本人的色彩，建立自治权。\n\n请问罗斯·佩洛是在哪一年出生的？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，罗斯·佩洛（Ross Perot）出生于1930年。" + "根据提供的信息，罗斯·佩洛（Ross Perot）出生于1930年。" ], [ "他在美国著名的哪个海军学院接受教育？", @@ -301772,7 +301772,7 @@ "history": [ [ "加尔底亚Chaldea古代地区，滨临幼发拉底河和波斯湾。原属巴比伦尼亚南部；在被加尔底亚人（闪米特人的一支，从西元前11世纪就已攻击该区）占领后，加尔底亚这个名称就成为巴比伦的同义词（特别是《旧约》中）。他们在夺得巴比伦尼亚的王位后，建立了加尔底亚王朝（约西元前625年）。在尼布甲尼撒二世统治下，帝国版图大为扩张，征服了犹太国并夺得耶路撒冷。西元前539年落入波斯人手中。\n\n请问加尔底亚Chaldea是一个怎样的地区？", - "你好，Human! 加尔底亚Chaldea是一个古代地区，位于幼发拉底河和波斯湾附近。它原本是巴比伦尼亚南部的一部分，后来被闪米特人的一支——加尔底亚人所占领。从那时起，加尔底亚这个名字成为巴比伦的同义词，尤其在《旧约》中。加尔底亚人在夺得巴比伦尼亚的王位后，建立了加尔底亚王朝（约公元前625年）。" + "加尔底亚Chaldea是一个古代地区，位于幼发拉底河和波斯湾附近。它原本是巴比伦尼亚南部的一部分，后来被闪米特人的一支——加尔底亚人所占领。从那时起，加尔底亚这个名字成为巴比伦的同义词，尤其在《旧约》中。加尔底亚人在夺得巴比伦尼亚的王位后，建立了加尔底亚王朝（约公元前625年）。" ], [ "在加尔底亚王朝期间，尼布甲尼撒二世是个什么样的统治者？", @@ -302135,7 +302135,7 @@ "history": [ [ "冰淇淋ice cream冷冻乳制品。由乳脂、牛奶、糖及若干调味品制成。冰蛋奶冻及法式冰淇淋中都加蛋。冰冻水果（非乳制的水果风味冰冻甜点）是从东方传至欧洲的，大约是马可孛罗在其游记第一次提到后。18世纪末托同尼（Tortoni）在巴黎开的咖啡馆首先制成了冰淇淋。1904年在密苏里州圣路易城世界博览会上首创能携带的甜筒。商品冰淇淋是将所有的配料搅拌和加热而成的混合物，而后经杀菌及匀和等工序，存冰箱中数小时。在冰冻过程中予以搅拌使进入适量空气以控制正在形成的冰晶体的大小。现在的冰淇淋没有成千也有好几百种口味。\n\n请问冰淇淋是由哪些原料制成的？", - "你好，Human！冰淇淋是一种冷冻乳制品，主要由乳脂、牛奶、糖以及若干调味品制成。有些类型的冰淇淋，例如冰蛋奶冻和法式冰淇淋，还会添加蛋。这些原料共同为冰淇淋提供了丰富的口感和独特的风味。" + "冰淇淋是一种冷冻乳制品，主要由乳脂、牛奶、糖以及若干调味品制成。有些类型的冰淇淋，例如冰蛋奶冻和法式冰淇淋，还会添加蛋。这些原料共同为冰淇淋提供了丰富的口感和独特的风味。" ], [ "很有趣！那冰淇淋是怎么制作的呢？", @@ -302238,7 +302238,7 @@ "history": [ [ "基督降临节Advent基督教节期。为教会年的第一季，进行庆祝耶稣（Jesus）圣诞的准备活动，并准备迎接基督的重临世界。基督降临节始自最靠近11月30日的星期日，这也被视为忏悔季，亦被认为是为基督复临（Second Coming of Christ）作准备。基督降临节的起源不明，但一般认为最早始于6世纪。许多国家都有广为流行的民俗来庆祝，如点燃基督降临蜡蠋等。\n\n你好，请问基督降临节是什么意义的节日？", - "你好，Human！基督降临节是基督教的一个重要节期，它标志着教会年的开始。这个节日主要有两个意义：首先，它是为了庆祝耶稣的降生并为圣诞节做准备；其次，它也是为了准备迎接基督的重临世界。所以这个节期具有庆祝和忏悔的双重意义，让信徒们在节日期间进行反省和期待基督的复临。" + "基督降临节是基督教的一个重要节期，它标志着教会年的开始。这个节日主要有两个意义：首先，它是为了庆祝耶稣的降生并为圣诞节做准备；其次，它也是为了准备迎接基督的重临世界。所以这个节期具有庆祝和忏悔的双重意义，让信徒们在节日期间进行反省和期待基督的复临。" ], [ "这个节日具体持续多久呢？", @@ -302337,7 +302337,7 @@ "history": [ [ "温塞特1882～1949年Undset, Sigrid挪威小说家，父亲是考古学家。由于家庭的影响，她对挪威的历史、民间传说均有很大兴趣。早期小说描写中、下层阶级的妇女在当前现实世界中的地位，其中代表作三部曲《克里斯汀拉夫朗的女儿》（1920～1922），勾画了中世纪一个妇女的命运和性格的变化。1924年改信罗马天主教。后来的作品包括历史小说《马湾的主人》（1925～1927），反映出作者对宗教问题的关注。1928年获诺贝尔文学奖。\n\n请问温塞特是谁？", - "你好，Human。温塞特是指Sigrid Undset（1882-1949），她是一位挪威小说家。她的父亲是一位考古学家，受到家庭的影响，她对挪威的历史和民间传说都有很大兴趣。她的作品主要关注女性，早期小说描绘中下层阶级妇女在现实世界中的地位。她的代表作是三部曲《克里斯汀拉夫朗的女儿》（1920～1922），这部作品描绘了中世纪一个妇女的命运和性格的变化。她在1924年改信罗马天主教，之后的作品包括历史小说《马湾的主人》（1925～1927），反映出作者对宗教问题的关注。1928年，她获得了诺贝尔文学奖。" + "温塞特是指Sigrid Undset（1882-1949），她是一位挪威小说家。她的父亲是一位考古学家，受到家庭的影响，她对挪威的历史和民间传说都有很大兴趣。她的作品主要关注女性，早期小说描绘中下层阶级妇女在现实世界中的地位。她的代表作是三部曲《克里斯汀拉夫朗的女儿》（1920～1922），这部作品描绘了中世纪一个妇女的命运和性格的变化。她在1924年改信罗马天主教，之后的作品包括历史小说《马湾的主人》（1925～1927），反映出作者对宗教问题的关注。1928年，她获得了诺贝尔文学奖。" ], [ "《克里斯汀拉夫朗的女儿》是一部怎样的小说，能简要介绍一下吗？", @@ -302509,7 +302509,7 @@ "history": [ [ "维亚尔1868～1940年Vuillard, (Jean-)Edouard法国油画家、版画家和装饰美术家，与勃纳尔（P Bonnard）共同发展了内景主义绘画风格。其大部作品是描写家庭场面的，诸如《扫地的女人》（1892?）。「纳比派」创始会员之一。其作品《巴黎公园》装饰嵌板画组，是纳比派作品的典型。他用弱光和中性色平面纹样引起恬静感。曾为夏乐宫（1937）和日内瓦国际联盟大厦（1939）作装饰画，还为俄罗斯芭蕾舞团做过设计。\n\n我想了解一下法国画家维亚尔（Edouard Vuillard）的一些信息。他是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human！维亚尔（Edouard Vuillard）出生于1868年。他是一位杰出的法国油画家、版画家和装饰美术家，特别擅长描绘家庭场景。如果你有任何关于他的其他问题，请随时问我！" + "维亚尔（Edouard Vuillard）出生于1868年。他是一位杰出的法国油画家、版画家和装饰美术家，特别擅长描绘家庭场景。如果你有任何关于他的其他问题，请随时问我！" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。维亚尔与哪位画家共同发展了内景主义绘画风格？", @@ -302608,7 +302608,7 @@ "history": [ [ "史蒂文斯1904～1975年Stevens, George美国电影导演。1921年以前曾在他父亲的巡回剧团里扮演角色，后到好莱坞担任摄影师，拍过很多劳莱与哈台搭档的喜剧片。1933年后转任导演，他出色的摄影技巧以及刻意求工的制作，终于使他因《寂寞芳心》（1935）和《摇摆时刻》（1936）两片成名。此后的影片有：《年度女人》（1942）、《慈母泪》（1948）、《郎心如铁》（1951，获奥斯卡奖）、经典西部片《原野奇侠》（1953）以及《巨人》（1956，获奥斯卡奖）。\n\n请问你对史蒂文斯这位美国电影导演了解多少？", - "你好，Human。史蒂文斯（George Stevens，1904-1975）是一位美国电影导演。他在1921年以前曾在他父亲的巡回剧团里扮演角色，之后到好莱坞成为了一名摄影师。他曾拍摄过很多劳莱与哈台搭档的喜剧片。从1933年开始，史蒂文斯转为电影导演，凭借出色的摄影技巧和刻意求工的制作，使得他在《寂寞芳心》（1935）和《摇摆时刻》（1936）两片中成名。此后他又执导了《年度女人》（1942）、《慈母泪》（1948）、《郎心如铁》（1951，获奥斯卡奖）、《原野奇侠》（1953）以及《巨人》（1956，获奥斯卡奖）等多部著名影片。" + "史蒂文斯（George Stevens，1904-1975）是一位美国电影导演。他在1921年以前曾在他父亲的巡回剧团里扮演角色，之后到好莱坞成为了一名摄影师。他曾拍摄过很多劳莱与哈台搭档的喜剧片。从1933年开始，史蒂文斯转为电影导演，凭借出色的摄影技巧和刻意求工的制作，使得他在《寂寞芳心》（1935）和《摇摆时刻》（1936）两片中成名。此后他又执导了《年度女人》（1942）、《慈母泪》（1948）、《郎心如铁》（1951，获奥斯卡奖）、《原野奇侠》（1953）以及《巨人》（1956，获奥斯卡奖）等多部著名影片。" ], [ "能否告诉我《寂寞芳心》这部电影的情节梗概？", @@ -302646,7 +302646,7 @@ "history": [ [ "米卡伊来Mikal伊斯兰中的大天使，等同于《圣经》中的天使长米迦勒（Michael）。米卡伊来在《可兰经》中只被提到过一次，但根据传说，他和吉布里勒是在穆罕默德登霄之前洁净他的心的天使（参阅miraj）。米卡伊来在火狱初造之时见到火狱大为震惊，从此再无笑容。据说米卡伊来还曾于624年帮助穆斯林军在阿拉伯半岛取得首次重大军事胜利。\n\n请问米卡伊来是谁？他在伊斯兰教中扮演着什么角色？", - "你好，Human！米卡伊来（Mikal）是伊斯兰教中的大天使，等同于《圣经》中的天使长米迦勒（Michael）。虽然在《可兰经》中他仅被提到过一次，但根据传说，他和吉布里勒（另一位重要天使）是在先知穆罕默德登霄之前洁净他的心的天使。所以在伊斯兰教中，米卡伊来是一个重要的宗教角色。" + "米卡伊来（Mikal）是伊斯兰教中的大天使，等同于《圣经》中的天使长米迦勒（Michael）。虽然在《可兰经》中他仅被提到过一次，但根据传说，他和吉布里勒（另一位重要天使）是在先知穆罕默德登霄之前洁净他的心的天使。所以在伊斯兰教中，米卡伊来是一个重要的宗教角色。" ], [ "米卡伊来在火狱初造之时为什么会看到火狱后大为震惊？这对他产生了什么影响？", @@ -302714,7 +302714,7 @@ "history": [ [ "核糖ribose核糖核酸中的五碳糖。（去氧核糖核酸中相应的糖类和去氧核糖密切相关）核糖分子和腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶或尿嘧啶形成核；再加上磷酸盐和磷酸酯便成为核。一个核的核糖和下一个磷酸盐相连，形成核糖核酸的支柱。核糖磷酸基是各种辅的成分，微生物靠它来合成组氨酸。\n\n你好，请问核糖是什么？", - "你好，Human！核糖是一种五碳糖，是组成核糖核酸（RNA）的关键成分之一。它与腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶或尿嘧啶结合后形成核。然后，通过加入磷酸盐和磷酸酯，最终形成核糖核酸。核糖在RNA中充当核酸结构的支柱，将一个核与另一个核通过磷酸键连接起来。因此，在生物学领域，核糖具有重要作用。" + "核糖是一种五碳糖，是组成核糖核酸（RNA）的关键成分之一。它与腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶或尿嘧啶结合后形成核。然后，通过加入磷酸盐和磷酸酯，最终形成核糖核酸。核糖在RNA中充当核酸结构的支柱，将一个核与另一个核通过磷酸键连接起来。因此，在生物学领域，核糖具有重要作用。" ], [ "核糖和脱氧核糖有什么区别？", @@ -302828,7 +302828,7 @@ "history": [ [ "紫树tupelo紫树科紫树属中约7种树木的统称。5种产于北美东部潮湿或沼泽地区，一种在东亚，一种在马来西亚西部。它们都有平展或下垂的枝条，叶宽，雌雄异株。北美品种开淡绿的白花，结发蓝的黑色或紫色小浆果。分布最广的北美品种是多花紫树（黑胶）。紫树木大部分来自水紫树（Nyssa aquatica），颜色从发白的黄色到浅棕，结构致密，木质很硬。用于制作板条箱和木箱、地板、厨房用的木质器皿以及装饰面板等。\n\n你好，我听说紫树这种树木有很多种类型，能给我简要介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。紫树是紫树科紫树属中的约7种树木的统称。其中5种生长在北美东部的潮湿和沼泽地区，有一种生长在东亚，还有一种生长在马来西亚西部。紫树的特点是平展或下垂的枝条，宽叶子，雌雄异株。北美品种的紫树开淡绿的白花，结发蓝的黑色或紫色小浆果。你可以根据这些特点来识别紫树。" + "当然可以。紫树是紫树科紫树属中的约7种树木的统称。其中5种生长在北美东部的潮湿和沼泽地区，有一种生长在东亚，还有一种生长在马来西亚西部。紫树的特点是平展或下垂的枝条，宽叶子，雌雄异株。北美品种的紫树开淡绿的白花，结发蓝的黑色或紫色小浆果。你可以根据这些特点来识别紫树。" ], [ "了解这些特点后，我能够如何用紫树木制作一些实用的东西呢？", @@ -302954,7 +302954,7 @@ "history": [ [ "总库aerarium (Saturni)古罗马的中央金库，位于农神庙（Temple of Saturn）内。共和时期（西元前509～西元前27年）由两名财务官（quaestor）管理，但受元老院监督。它负责岁入岁出。元首政治时期（西元前27～西元305年），总库渐渐失去财力和重要性，当时的皇帝和行政首长为了避开元老院的控制，直接从各省的金库取钱。奥古斯都从西元6年开始用税收建立军事财库，为公共的金库，用以酬庸退休老兵，而原来的总库变成罗马市的金库。\n\n你好，请问你对古罗马的总库aerarium (Saturni)有什么了解吗？", - "你好，Human。总库aerarium (Saturni) 是古罗马的中央金库，位于农神庙（Temple of Saturn）内。在共和时期（公元前509年～公元前27年），它由两名财务官（quaestor）管理，但受到元老院的监督。总库主要负责古罗马的财政收支。然而，在元首政治时期（公元前27年～公元305年），总库逐渐失去了财力和重要性。那时皇帝和行政首长为了避开元老院的控制，直接从各省的金库中提取资金。另外，从公元6年开始，奥古斯都采用税收建立了军事财库，这是一个公共的金库，用于奖励退休的老兵。原来的总库则变成了罗马市的金库。" + "总库aerarium (Saturni) 是古罗马的中央金库，位于农神庙（Temple of Saturn）内。在共和时期（公元前509年～公元前27年），它由两名财务官（quaestor）管理，但受到元老院的监督。总库主要负责古罗马的财政收支。然而，在元首政治时期（公元前27年～公元305年），总库逐渐失去了财力和重要性。那时皇帝和行政首长为了避开元老院的控制，直接从各省的金库中提取资金。另外，从公元6年开始，奥古斯都采用税收建立了军事财库，这是一个公共的金库，用于奖励退休的老兵。原来的总库则变成了罗马市的金库。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，总库在共和时期是如何管理的？", @@ -303080,7 +303080,7 @@ "history": [ [ "织锦缎brocade具有浮起的花卉或其他图案的织物，通常用提花装置织成。图案只显现在织物的正面，常用缎纹织物或斜纹组织（参阅weaving），织物的底纹可以是斜纹、缎纹或平纹。这种华丽的厚织物经常用于晚礼服、帷幕及室内装潢。\n\n你好，请问织锦缎是什么样的一种织物？", - "你好，Human！织锦缎（brocade）是一种华丽的厚织物，其特点是表面有凸起的花卉或其他图案。这些图案通常是用提花装置在织物上织成的。织锦缎的底纹可以是斜纹、缎纹或平纹，图案仅显现在织物的正面。由于其华丽的外观，织锦缎常用于制作晚礼服、帷幕以及室内装潢。" + "织锦缎（brocade）是一种华丽的厚织物，其特点是表面有凸起的花卉或其他图案。这些图案通常是用提花装置在织物上织成的。织锦缎的底纹可以是斜纹、缎纹或平纹，图案仅显现在织物的正面。由于其华丽的外观，织锦缎常用于制作晚礼服、帷幕以及室内装潢。" ], [ "织锦缎的底纹有三种，分别是斜纹、缎纹以及平纹，它们有什么不同？", @@ -303267,7 +303267,7 @@ "history": [ [ "秋英属cosmos亦称大波斯菊属。菊科的一属，约二十种，原产于热带美洲。叶对生；头状花序沿长花轴着生或密集簇生，盘花红色或黄色，边花白色、粉红色、红色、紫色或其他颜色，顶端或有缺刻。常见观赏种普通圆秋英（C bipinnatus，二回羽状叶秋英），已选育出很多一年生品种。\n\n请问秋英是什么植物？", - "你好，Human。秋英是菊科中的一属植物，有约20种，原产于热带美洲。常见的观赏种是普通圆秋英（C. bipinnatus，又叫二回羽状叶秋英），已经选育出很多一年生品种。秋英的花色多样，其中盘花通常是红色或黄色，边花则有白色、粉红色、红色、紫色等。因其美丽的花朵和丰富的颜色，秋英成为了很多园艺爱好者喜爱的观赏植物。" + "秋英是菊科中的一属植物，有约20种，原产于热带美洲。常见的观赏种是普通圆秋英（C. bipinnatus，又叫二回羽状叶秋英），已经选育出很多一年生品种。秋英的花色多样，其中盘花通常是红色或黄色，边花则有白色、粉红色、红色、紫色等。因其美丽的花朵和丰富的颜色，秋英成为了很多园艺爱好者喜爱的观赏植物。" ], [ "秋英的花有些特殊形状，能详细解释一下吗？", @@ -303387,7 +303387,7 @@ "history": [ [ "贝尔吉卡Belgica古代高卢东北部的行省，奥古斯都将高卢分成的几个行政区之一，疆域从塞纳河至莱茵河，包括低地国家。首府是杜罗科托伦雷摩伦（Durocortorum Remorum，今法国理姆斯）。在图密善统治下，部分地区成为上、下日耳曼两省；后来在戴克里先统治时期，余下的部分又分成主贝尔吉卡和次贝尔吉卡。5世纪时贝尔吉卡被法兰克人的王国吞并。亦请参阅Belgium。\n\n你好！根据提供的信息，你能告诉我时代背景是在大约哪个时间段吗？", - "你好，Human！这段信息提到的时代背景是古罗马帝国时期至5世纪。其中，奥古斯都是罗马帝国的第一位皇帝，他统治高卢地区大约在公元前27年至公元14年；而戴克里先是罗马帝国后期的皇帝，他统治的时间是公元284年至305年。在5世纪时贝尔吉卡被法兰克人的王国吞并。因此，可以说这段历史时间跨度为几个世纪。希望这能解答你对时代背景的疑问。" + "这段信息提到的时代背景是古罗马帝国时期至5世纪。其中，奥古斯都是罗马帝国的第一位皇帝，他统治高卢地区大约在公元前27年至公元14年；而戴克里先是罗马帝国后期的皇帝，他统治的时间是公元284年至305年。在5世纪时贝尔吉卡被法兰克人的王国吞并。因此，可以说这段历史时间跨度为几个世纪。希望这能解答你对时代背景的疑问。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！那还想请教你，这段历史中的著名统治者图密善是谁？他在贝尔吉卡的历史中起到了什么作用？", @@ -303429,7 +303429,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡尔西顿会议Chalcedon, Council of基督教的第四次普世会议。由罗马帝国皇帝马西安召开，西元451年举行于卡尔西顿（今土耳其的卡德柯伊）。这次会议通过325年尼西亚会议决议、381年君士坦丁堡会议决议（日后称为「尼西亚信经」），并驳斥基督一性论派，称其为异端。另外还颁布了神职人员的戒条，并宣布成立耶路撒冷和君士坦丁堡两牧首区。\n\n请问卡尔西顿会议是一个什么样的会议呢？", - "你好Human！卡尔西顿会议是基督教的第四次普世会议，召开于公元451年。这次会议是由当时的罗马帝国皇帝马西安召开的，地点位于卡尔西顿（今土耳其的卡德柯伊）。会议的主要议题包括通过之前的尼西亚会议决议和君士坦丁堡会议决议，这两项决议后来被合并称为“尼西亚信经”。另外，这次会议还驳斥了基督一性论派，认为其观点是异端。会议还颁布了神职人员的戒条，并宣布成立耶路撒冷和君士坦丁堡两个牧首区。" + "卡尔西顿会议是基督教的第四次普世会议，召开于公元451年。这次会议是由当时的罗马帝国皇帝马西安召开的，地点位于卡尔西顿（今土耳其的卡德柯伊）。会议的主要议题包括通过之前的尼西亚会议决议和君士坦丁堡会议决议，这两项决议后来被合并称为“尼西亚信经”。另外，这次会议还驳斥了基督一性论派，认为其观点是异端。会议还颁布了神职人员的戒条，并宣布成立耶路撒冷和君士坦丁堡两个牧首区。" ] ] }, @@ -303608,7 +303608,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马莫雷河Mamoré River玻利维亚中北部河流。发源于安地斯山脉，上游有时也称作格兰德河。向北流经巴西边界，与瓜波雷河汇合，形成玻利维亚与巴西的边界，北至贝拉镇，又与贝尼河汇合，形成马德拉河。全长1,900公里，可通航至巴西的瓜雅拉米林（Guajara-Mirim）。\n\n请问马莫雷河是哪个国家的河流？", - "你好，Human！马莫雷河位于玻利维亚中北部。它发源于安地斯山脉，并在流经巴西边界的过程中与瓜波雷河汇合。此时，马莫雷河成为了玻利维亚与巴西的边界。因此，马莫雷河主要属于玻利维亚，但在一段距离上也与巴西有关。" + "马莫雷河位于玻利维亚中北部。它发源于安地斯山脉，并在流经巴西边界的过程中与瓜波雷河汇合。此时，马莫雷河成为了玻利维亚与巴西的边界。因此，马莫雷河主要属于玻利维亚，但在一段距离上也与巴西有关。" ], [ "这河流的全长有多少公里？", @@ -303753,7 +303753,7 @@ "history": [ [ "林鸳鸯wood duck北美小型鸭科鸟类，学名为Aix sponsa。栖鸭的一种。受欢迎的猎禽。营巢于离地面15公尺的树洞中。体长约43～52公分。颜色艳丽，雄鸟头紫色和绿色相间，胸红褐色有白斑，两肋青铜色。雌鸟有白色眼环，颜色不鲜艳。雏鸟以水生昆虫和其他小生物为食，成鸟喜吃橡子或其他坚果。常为人捕猎，一度濒于绝灭，在自然资源保护主义者的不懈努力下，其种族得以保存。\n\n你好，请问林鸳鸯是什么？", - "你好，Human！林鸳鸯是一种北美小型鸭科鸟类，学名为Aix sponsa。它们体型较小，体长约43～52公分，颜色艳丽。雄鸟头部的紫色和绿色相间，胸部呈红褐色并有白斑，两肋呈青铜色。而雌鸟有白色的眼环，颜色相对没有那么鲜艳。这种鸟曾一度濒临绝种，但在自然资源保护主义者的努力下得以保护和保存。" + "林鸳鸯是一种北美小型鸭科鸟类，学名为Aix sponsa。它们体型较小，体长约43～52公分，颜色艳丽。雄鸟头部的紫色和绿色相间，胸部呈红褐色并有白斑，两肋呈青铜色。而雌鸟有白色的眼环，颜色相对没有那么鲜艳。这种鸟曾一度濒临绝种，但在自然资源保护主义者的努力下得以保护和保存。" ], [ "它们的繁殖和生活环境是什么样的？", @@ -303829,7 +303829,7 @@ "history": [ [ "万圣节前夕Halloween10月31日，万圣节前夕的节日。这些异教的起源可溯至塞尔特人的桑巴因节（Sambain），古英格兰和爱尔兰地区则是庆祝塞尔特人新年的开始。据说，亡者的灵魂将在桑巴因节前夕归来，而女巫、丑妖怪、黑猫和鬼都会在外面游荡。当晚也是占卜婚姻、运势、健康和死亡的最佳时刻。这些异教的习惯影响到基督教的万圣节前夕（All Saints' Day Eve），也在同一天庆祝。19世纪晚期，这个节日逐渐世俗化并引进美国，但仍与邪恶的灵魂和超自然有关。这个节日主要由儿童庆祝，他们了化装，挨家挨户按门铃并喊着「要恶作剧还是要请客」（trick or treat）来索要糖果。所谓「恶作剧」即开玩笑和一些破坏行为，这些都是万圣节的传统。\n\n我想了解一下万圣节前夕的起源和庆祝活动，你可以给我详细介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。万圣节前夕最早起源于塞尔特人的桑巴因节，这是一个庆祝新年开始的节日。在古代英格兰和爱尔兰地区，人们认为亡者的灵魂会在这一天归来，并且女巫、丑妖怪、黑猫和鬼会在外面游荡。这个节日还是占卜婚姻、运势、健康和死亡的最佳时刻。这些异教习俗影响到了基督教的万圣节前夕，两者都在10月31日庆祝。进入19世纪晚期，万圣节传入美国并逐渐世俗化。尽管与邪恶的灵魂和超自然联系在一起，但现在主要由儿童庆祝。他们会化装，挨家挨户敲门喊着“要恶作剧还是要请客”（trick or treat）来索要糖果。这个传统包括开玩笑和一些破坏行为，称作“恶作剧”。" + "当然可以。万圣节前夕最早起源于塞尔特人的桑巴因节，这是一个庆祝新年开始的节日。在古代英格兰和爱尔兰地区，人们认为亡者的灵魂会在这一天归来，并且女巫、丑妖怪、黑猫和鬼会在外面游荡。这个节日还是占卜婚姻、运势、健康和死亡的最佳时刻。这些异教习俗影响到了基督教的万圣节前夕，两者都在10月31日庆祝。进入19世纪晚期，万圣节传入美国并逐渐世俗化。尽管与邪恶的灵魂和超自然联系在一起，但现在主要由儿童庆祝。他们会化装，挨家挨户敲门喊着“要恶作剧还是要请客”（trick or treat）来索要糖果。这个传统包括开玩笑和一些破坏行为，称作“恶作剧”。" ], [ "所以现在的万圣节主要是给儿童庆祝的吗？成年人不参与吗？", @@ -304145,7 +304145,7 @@ "history": [ [ "迷宫labyrinth亦称maze由错综复杂的通道和死巷构成的体系。迷宫这个词是古希腊人和罗马人给某些建筑所取的名字，这些建筑完全或部分处于地下，有许多房间和难以走出的通道。从欧洲文艺复兴时代起，迷宫成为正规花园里的一个特色，是指由用高树篱隔开的复杂曲径组成的区域。\n\n请问迷宫是指一种什么样的建筑？", - "你好，Human。迷宫是一种特殊的建筑，它由错综复杂的通道和死巷组成。这个词来源于古希腊人和罗马人，用来描述那些完全或部分位于地下、内部包含许多房间和难以走出的通道的建筑。从欧洲文艺复兴时代开始，迷宫也成为正规花园的一个特色，指的是由高树篱构成的复杂曲径组成的区域。" + "迷宫是一种特殊的建筑，它由错综复杂的通道和死巷组成。这个词来源于古希腊人和罗马人，用来描述那些完全或部分位于地下、内部包含许多房间和难以走出的通道的建筑。从欧洲文艺复兴时代开始，迷宫也成为正规花园的一个特色，指的是由高树篱构成的复杂曲径组成的区域。" ], [ "迷宫有什么实际用途呢？", @@ -304443,7 +304443,7 @@ "history": [ [ "帕皮提Papeete法属玻里尼西亚的首府及港市，位于大溪地岛西北岸。地处热带，盛产高大的棕榈树和奇异花卉。为南太平洋地区最大的城市和商业中心之一。基于其优越的港口条件，早在1829年就已成为一商业城市和捕鲸船的停靠港。1880年被法国兼并后成为总督驻地。是前往其他法属玻里尼西亚岛旅游的基地。也是太平洋周边贸易的中心。人口24,000（1988）。\n\n请问帕皮提Papeete是哪个国家的首府？", - "你好，Human! 帕皮提（Papeete）是法属波利尼西亚的首府。法属波利尼西亚是法国的一个海外领地，位于南太平洋地区。" + "帕皮提（Papeete）是法属波利尼西亚的首府。法属波利尼西亚是法国的一个海外领地，位于南太平洋地区。" ], [ "那么帕皮提所在的大溪地岛，有什么景点和特色呢？", @@ -304733,7 +304733,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴特利特1820～1905年Bartlett, John美国书商和编辑。原本受雇于哈佛大学书店，后来成为该书店主人。1855年出版其最出名的作品《常用妙语辞典》（1855），大致根据他为顾客保留的笔记来写。后来的版本在篇幅上大为扩充，1992年出版了第十六版。他也编写一本《莎士比亚戏剧诗歌语词索引大全》（1894），以引用的资料数目和内容充实着称。\n\n你好，请问你知道巴特利特(Johne Bartlett)和他的《常用妙语辞典》吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解巴特利特（John Bartlett，1820-1905），他是一位美国书商和编辑。最初，他在哈佛大学书店工作，并后来成为该书店的主人。他最著名的作品是《常用妙语辞典》（1855年首版），这本书主要内容是他为顾客保留的笔记。后续版本的篇幅逐渐扩充，到1992年已经出版了第十六版。此外，他还编写了一本名为《莎士比亚戏剧诗歌语词索引大全》（1894年）的著作，以丰富的引用资料和内容而闻名。" + "我了解巴特利特（John Bartlett，1820-1905），他是一位美国书商和编辑。最初，他在哈佛大学书店工作，并后来成为该书店的主人。他最著名的作品是《常用妙语辞典》（1855年首版），这本书主要内容是他为顾客保留的笔记。后续版本的篇幅逐渐扩充，到1992年已经出版了第十六版。此外，他还编写了一本名为《莎士比亚戏剧诗歌语词索引大全》（1894年）的著作，以丰富的引用资料和内容而闻名。" ], [ "哇，那太棒了！那这本《常用妙语辞典》是怎么来的呢？", @@ -304775,7 +304775,7 @@ "history": [ [ "博拉1865～1940年Borah, William E(dgar)美国参议员（1907～1940），生于伊利诺州的费尔菲。早年在爱达荷州的波夕当律师，1892年成为爱达荷州共和党主席。在对外政策上，他奉行孤立主义，1924年任参议院外交委员会主席，总揽大权达十六年之久。他是阻止美国加入国际联盟的重要角色，反对想把美国拉入第二次世界大战盟国的一切企图。1930年代经济大萧条时期，博拉支持旨在缓和国内经济情况的许多新政（New Deal）措施。\n\n你好，请根据给出的信息简要介绍一下威廉·E·博拉（William E. Borah）。", - "你好，Human！威廉·E·博拉（1865-1940）是一位美国参议员，他曾在伊利诺州费尔菲出生。早年，他以律师身份在爱达荷州波夕执业，并于1892年成为爱达荷州共和党主席。他在对外政策上奉行孤立主义，1924-1940年期间担任参议院外交委员会主席，长达十六年。他是阻止美国加入国际联盟的重要角色，反对所有试图将美国拉入第二次世界大战的盟国。在1930年代的经济大萧条时期，博拉支持旨在缓和国内经济情况的许多新政措施。" + "威廉·E·博拉（1865-1940）是一位美国参议员，他曾在伊利诺州费尔菲出生。早年，他以律师身份在爱达荷州波夕执业，并于1892年成为爱达荷州共和党主席。他在对外政策上奉行孤立主义，1924-1940年期间担任参议院外交委员会主席，长达十六年。他是阻止美国加入国际联盟的重要角色，反对所有试图将美国拉入第二次世界大战的盟国。在1930年代的经济大萧条时期，博拉支持旨在缓和国内经济情况的许多新政措施。" ], [ "博拉的孤立主义具体表现在什么方面？", @@ -304813,7 +304813,7 @@ "history": [ [ "对位counterpoint作曲法中按照某些技巧和美学准则将两行或更多旋律结合在一起的艺术，为西方音乐所独具。常与复调音乐混淆，其实后者是前者对旋律谐和处理的结果。中世纪用它来处理不同节奏组的重叠，一般称为「奥加农」（Organum）。直到11世纪末，这一手法才完全以一个音符对一个音符的形式出现，获得了对位的名称。14世纪末，由于复杂的切分音及各色各样节拍的并存，使这一时期对位的复杂性居历代首位。到了文艺复兴时期，作曲家的主要考虑在于声部之间的相互关系，他们使用的主要技术是模仿。15世纪末至16世纪，一般认为是对位的黄金时代，名家有帕莱斯特里纳（G P da Palestrina）、拉索（O di Lasso）、德普雷（J des Prez）等。17世纪至18世纪初（巴洛克时期）出现新的对位形式，特点在于对不协和音的自由处置及音色的丰富多采（参阅consonance and dissonance），虽然并未脱出文艺复兴时期的框架，却变得更加强烈。当华丽的复调音乐渐渐趋于平朴的和声时，音乐从巴洛克时期进入了古典时期。起初作曲家们都避免使用对位，然而到了晚期，特别是维也纳学派的海顿、莫札特、贝多芬诸人，在主音音乐和调性对比的基础上，使对位不断向前突进。同时，对位也因古典风格和曲式的影响而趋于炉火纯青。19世纪对对位的再度崇尚，造成了浪漫派作品的特色。20世纪现代派音乐的对位也同样受了早期音乐的影响，所采用的对位特征是构成多调性，产生不同音色的对比，而不是旋律之间的对比，超出原来对位的含义－－旋律的结合。\n\n根据上述信息，请简要概括一下对位音乐的发展历程。", - "你好，Human！对位音乐的发展历程大致可以概括为以下阶段：\n\n1. 中世纪：对位音乐最初用于处理不同节奏组的重叠，称为「奥加农」（Organum）。\n2. 11世纪末：一个音符对一个音符的形式出现，正式获得了对位的名称。\n3. 14世纪末：复杂的切分音和各种节拍的并存使得对位音乐的复杂性达到顶峰。\n4. 文艺复兴时期：作曲家关注声部之间的相互关系，主要使用模仿技术。\n5. 15世纪末至16世纪：对位音乐的黄金时代，出现了许多著名的作曲家。\n6. 17世纪至18世纪初（巴洛克时期）：新的对位形式出现，特点是不协和音的自由处置和丰富的音色。\n7. 古典时期：对位音乐逐渐趋于简约的和声，部分避免使用对位。\n8. 维也纳学派：融合主音和调性对比的基础，使对位音乐不断向前发展。\n9. 19世纪：浪漫主义作品再度崇尚对位。\n10. 20世纪：现代派音乐的对位以多调性和音色对比为特点，超越了原始对位的概念。\n\n这样能让你对对位音乐的发展历程有一个大致的了解吗？" + "对位音乐的发展历程大致可以概括为以下阶段：\n\n1. 中世纪：对位音乐最初用于处理不同节奏组的重叠，称为「奥加农」（Organum）。\n2. 11世纪末：一个音符对一个音符的形式出现，正式获得了对位的名称。\n3. 14世纪末：复杂的切分音和各种节拍的并存使得对位音乐的复杂性达到顶峰。\n4. 文艺复兴时期：作曲家关注声部之间的相互关系，主要使用模仿技术。\n5. 15世纪末至16世纪：对位音乐的黄金时代，出现了许多著名的作曲家。\n6. 17世纪至18世纪初（巴洛克时期）：新的对位形式出现，特点是不协和音的自由处置和丰富的音色。\n7. 古典时期：对位音乐逐渐趋于简约的和声，部分避免使用对位。\n8. 维也纳学派：融合主音和调性对比的基础，使对位音乐不断向前发展。\n9. 19世纪：浪漫主义作品再度崇尚对位。\n10. 20世纪：现代派音乐的对位以多调性和音色对比为特点，超越了原始对位的概念。\n\n这样能让你对对位音乐的发展历程有一个大致的了解吗？" ], [ "对的，非常清晰了。那么，请问模仿技术在对位音乐中具体是如何应用的？", @@ -304828,7 +304828,7 @@ "history": [ [ "工业化industrialization转变为以工业为主的一种社会经济体系的过程。在18世纪后期和19世纪在英国发生的工业革命为西欧和北美等初期工业化国家带来影响。工业化过程及其同步的技术引发意义深远的社会发展。把劳动力从封建和传统的束缚中解放出来，创造了一个劳动力自由市场，其中企业家是个关键角色。城市吸引许多人，使他们离乡背景聚集在新的工业城镇和工厂中。以后实行工业化的人企图运用这些因素中的一部分︰例如苏联消灭了企业家；而日本鼓励和支持企业家的作用；丹麦和纽西兰实现工业化的方式是首先使农业商业化和机械化。\n\n请问工业化是什么？", - "你好，Human！工业化是指一个国家或地区从以农业为主的经济体系向以工业为主的经济体系的转变过程。这个转变过程中，技术的发展使得生产力得到了极大的提高，同时也引起了一系列深远的社会变革。" + "工业化是指一个国家或地区从以农业为主的经济体系向以工业为主的经济体系的转变过程。这个转变过程中，技术的发展使得生产力得到了极大的提高，同时也引起了一系列深远的社会变革。" ], [ "请问工业革命是怎么开始的呢？", @@ -304950,7 +304950,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡斯卡斯基亚河Kaskaskia River美国伊利诺州河流。源出厄巴纳附近，流向西南，最后注入密西西比河，全长515公里。卡斯卡斯基亚村位于此河与密西西比河的汇合处附近，距离1703年由耶稣会传教士所建的一个小镇不远。1809年为伊利诺准州首府，1818～1820年成为伊利诺州首府。曾遭遇数次洪灾的严重侵害。\n\n根据这段描述，卡斯卡斯基亚河在哪里？", - "你好，Human。卡斯卡斯基亚河位于美国伊利诺州。河流源出于厄巴纳附近，然后向西南流动，最后注入密西西比河。这条河全长515公里。" + "卡斯卡斯基亚河位于美国伊利诺州。河流源出于厄巴纳附近，然后向西南流动，最后注入密西西比河。这条河全长515公里。" ], [ "卡斯卡斯基亚村有什么历史背景？", @@ -304988,7 +304988,7 @@ "history": [ [ "波兹曼1844～1906年Boltzmann, Ludwig (Eduard)奥地利物理学家。取得维也纳大学（University of Vienna）博士学位后，在德国与奥地利几所大学教书。他是最早认识马克士威电磁理论重要性的欧洲科学家之一。他将力学定律和机率论应用于原子的热运动，从而解释了热力学第二定律。波兹曼最大的成就是发展了统计力学。但他的工作遭到广泛的攻击和误解，1900年后得了忧郁症，最终自杀身亡。死后不久，人们在原子物理学方面的各种发现，以及认识到只能用统计力学来解释如布朗运动等现象，最终证实了他的理论。\n\n你好，请告诉我波兹曼是哪个国家的物理学家？", - "你好，Human！波兹曼（Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann）是一位奥地利物理学家。他出生于1844年，逝世于1906年。他的成就和研究领域在当时有着很高的声誉，尤其是在统计力学方面的贡献。希望这个回答对你有帮助。" + "波兹曼（Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann）是一位奥地利物理学家。他出生于1844年，逝世于1906年。他的成就和研究领域在当时有着很高的声誉，尤其是在统计力学方面的贡献。希望这个回答对你有帮助。" ], [ "谢谢，波兹曼在哪所大学取得博士学位？", @@ -305402,7 +305402,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯金纳1904～1990年Skinner, B(urrhus) F(rederic)美国心理学家和行为主义有影响力的代言人。在哈佛大学取得博士学位，以《生物行为》（1938）而引起关注。1940年代中期，他设计了「空调小室」，这是一种隔音、无菌、有空调的盒子，可为新生儿提供一个在两岁内的最佳生长环境。在他最受欢迎但是具有争议性的着作《华尔腾第二》（1948）中，他描述了一个以行为工程学为基础的理想社会中的生活。斯金纳主要在哈佛大学任教（1948～1974）。它的其他着作包括《科学与人类行为》（1953）、《言语行为》（1957）、《超越自由和尊严》（1971）和一本自传（3卷，1976～1983）。1968年获国家科学奖。\n\n你好，请问这段文字主要介绍的是哪位著名心理学家？", - "你好，Human！这段文字主要介绍的是美国心理学家斯金纳（Burrhus Frederic Skinner），他是行为主义的有影响力的代言人，并在哈佛大学取得博士学位。他的一些重要成果和著作在这个领域产生了很大的影响。" + "这段文字主要介绍的是美国心理学家斯金纳（Burrhus Frederic Skinner），他是行为主义的有影响力的代言人，并在哈佛大学取得博士学位。他的一些重要成果和著作在这个领域产生了很大的影响。" ], [ "空调小室是斯金纳设计的，用途是什么？", @@ -305444,7 +305444,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海明威1899～1961年Hemingway, Ernest (Miller)美国小说家。中学毕业后开始当记者。第一次世界大战时，在担任救护车司机时受伤。后来成为侨居巴黎的一批着名美国作家之一，不久他开始过着旅行、滑雪、钓鱼和打猎的生活，这些都可在他的作品中看出来。1925年出版短篇小说集《在我们的时代》，翌年即接着出版小说《妾似朝阳又照君》。后来的小说包括《战地春梦》（1929）和《有的和没有的》（1937）。他毕生喜爱西班牙（包括着迷于斗牛运动），在西班牙内战时，他还以记者身分前往工作，这段经历促其写成小说《战地钟声》（1940）。其他短篇故事集包括《没有女人的男人》（1927）、《胜者一无所获》（1933）和《第五纵队》（1938）。约自1940年起，他开始定居于古巴，即中篇小说《老人与海》（1952，获普立兹奖）的背景地。1954年获诺贝尔文学奖。1959年古巴革命后，海明威离开古巴，一年后，精神沮丧和生病，最后用猎枪自杀。死后出版了他早年在巴黎练习写作的《流动的飨宴》（1964）。此后几十年，许多英美作家深受其早期简洁精炼的诗词风格的影响。\n\n请问海明威是美国的一位著名作家吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，海明威（Ernest Hemingway）是美国的一位著名小说家，他生活在1899年至1961年。作为一位杰出的作家，他创作了许多广受好评的作品，并且在1954年荣获诺贝尔文学奖。他的作品风格简洁而精炼，对现代文学产生了深远影响。" + "是的，海明威（Ernest Hemingway）是美国的一位著名小说家，他生活在1899年至1961年。作为一位杰出的作家，他创作了许多广受好评的作品，并且在1954年荣获诺贝尔文学奖。他的作品风格简洁而精炼，对现代文学产生了深远影响。" ], [ "请问海明威在第一次世界大战期间担任过哪种职业？", @@ -305492,7 +305492,7 @@ "history": [ [ "萨尔都1831～1908年Sardou, Victorien法国剧作家。他的最初成功应归功于女演员德雅泽（V Dejazet）的演技，他曾为其创作了近七十部的作品，包括了《潦草的小字》。后来几部作品是为贝恩哈特所作，其中包括了《菲朵拉》（1882）。他的《托斯卡》（1887）被普契尼改编成歌剧。《桑热内夫人》（1893）是他最后成功之作。1877年获选为法兰西学院院士。萨尔都的剧作非常依赖戏剧上的设计，至今仍被当作一位资产阶级戏剧的技巧大师而受到人们怀念，其风格曾被萧伯纳轻蔑地称之为「萨尔都式」。\n\n你好，请问你能介绍一下萨尔都这个人吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。萨尔都（1831-1908年），全名Victorien Sardou，是一位法国剧作家。他的成功最早来自于与女演员德雅泽（V Dejazet）的合作，他为她创作了近70部作品，比如《潦草的小字》。之后，他又为贝恩哈特创作了几部作品，包括《菲朵拉》（1882）。他的剧作《托斯卡》（1887）被普契尼改编为歌剧。他的《桑热内夫人》（1893）是他最后的成功作品。1877年，他被选为法兰西学院院士。萨尔都的剧作风格非常依赖于戏剧设计，至今仍被认为是资产阶级戏剧的技巧大师。但也曾被萧伯纳轻蔑地称之为「萨尔都式」。" + "当然可以。萨尔都（1831-1908年），全名Victorien Sardou，是一位法国剧作家。他的成功最早来自于与女演员德雅泽（V Dejazet）的合作，他为她创作了近70部作品，比如《潦草的小字》。之后，他又为贝恩哈特创作了几部作品，包括《菲朵拉》（1882）。他的剧作《托斯卡》（1887）被普契尼改编为歌剧。他的《桑热内夫人》（1893）是他最后的成功作品。1877年，他被选为法兰西学院院士。萨尔都的剧作风格非常依赖于戏剧设计，至今仍被认为是资产阶级戏剧的技巧大师。但也曾被萧伯纳轻蔑地称之为「萨尔都式」。" ], [ "请详细介绍一下《潦草的小字》和《菲朵拉》这两部剧作。", @@ -306048,7 +306048,7 @@ "history": [ [ "毛头星feather star棘皮动物门海百合纲海羊齿科海生无脊椎动物之通称，无柄，有550种。腕数通常为五条，上生有须毛。常将身体附着于物体表面或漂浮物上，以具有黏性的腕沟捕食浮游生物。主要栖于浅海的岩床上，盛产于印度洋和日本之间，现在大西洋也有发现。\n\n你好，我了解到毛头星（Feather Star）是一种棘皮动物门海百合纲海羊齿科的海生无脊椎动物，请问它们的生活环境是什么样的？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，毛头星主要栖息于浅海的岩床上。它们分布在印度洋和日本之间，同时近年来也在大西洋有所发现。这些浅海环境为毛头星提供了一个有利的生活空间，有充足的岩石供其攀爬和附着，以及丰富的浮游生物作为食物来源。" + "根据提供的信息，毛头星主要栖息于浅海的岩床上。它们分布在印度洋和日本之间，同时近年来也在大西洋有所发现。这些浅海环境为毛头星提供了一个有利的生活空间，有充足的岩石供其攀爬和附着，以及丰富的浮游生物作为食物来源。" ], [ "毛头星有多少种类？它们的形态特征都是怎样的？", @@ -307135,7 +307135,7 @@ "history": [ [ "派延奈湖Paijanne, Lake芬兰南部湖泊。长121公里，宽23公里。派延奈湖经由屈米河向南注入芬兰湾。湖岸线曲折，森林茂盛，有重要的伐木业，以湖水运输。湖内岛屿甚多，湖岸有许多村庄，南端湖湾多私人别墅。\n\n请问派延奈湖在芬兰的哪个区域？", - "你好，Human！派延奈湖位于芬兰的南部。这是一个长121公里、宽23公里的湖泊。" + "派延奈湖位于芬兰的南部。这是一个长121公里、宽23公里的湖泊。" ], [ "湖泊的水源有哪些？它是如何流入芬兰湾的呢？", @@ -307379,7 +307379,7 @@ "history": [ [ "普尔热瓦尔斯基氏野马Przewalski's horse20世纪仅存的野马亚种（学名Equus caballus przewalskii）。呈微黄色或浅红色（暗褐色），身高12～14掌（122～142公分）。鬃及尾色较深，背部常有条纹。鬃短而直，无额毛。1870年代发现于蒙古西部。1960年代在野外失去踪影，但早期被带入欧洲动物园的该种类后代在1990年代开始重新引进蒙古草原。\n\n我想了解一下普尔热瓦尔斯基氏野马，这种马的外表特征是什么？", - "你好，Human！普尔热瓦尔斯基氏野马（学名Equus caballus przewalskii）是一种呈微黄色或浅红色（暗褐色）的野马亚种。这种马的身高约为12～14掌（122～142公分）；鬃毛和尾巴的颜色较深，背部常有条纹。此外，鬃毛短而直，它们没有额毛。这些外表特征使得普尔热瓦尔斯基氏野马在野生动物中显得非常独特。" + "普尔热瓦尔斯基氏野马（学名Equus caballus przewalskii）是一种呈微黄色或浅红色（暗褐色）的野马亚种。这种马的身高约为12～14掌（122～142公分）；鬃毛和尾巴的颜色较深，背部常有条纹。此外，鬃毛短而直，它们没有额毛。这些外表特征使得普尔热瓦尔斯基氏野马在野生动物中显得非常独特。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释，这种马最早是在哪里被发现的呢？", @@ -307749,7 +307749,7 @@ "history": [ [ "柯维尔1887～1965年Cowell, Henry (Dixon)美国20世纪最具革新精神的作曲家。他的老师西格尔（C Seeger）建议他有系统地学习传统的欧洲音乐技巧，并鼓励他对革新作系统理论研究。他在《新的音乐资源》（1930）一书中对此作了阐述，并表现于1912～1930年所写的钢琴曲中。为了追求新音响，他发展了「音丛」和弦，即同时按下钢琴上相邻的若干音，称为二度和声。他与俄罗斯工程师台尔门（L Theremin）一起制成可同时演奏十六种不同节奏的电子节拍乐器，创作了《韵律》（1931；1971年首次演奏），这是一首专为乐器而写的作品。他的许多作品反映出他对美国乡村的赞美诗、爱尔兰民间传说和音乐以及非西方音乐的兴趣。为出版现代作曲家的作品，1927年他创办了《新音乐季刊》。\n\n你好，我想了解一下柯维尔这位作曲家，他在音乐上的革新精神表现在哪些方面呢？", - "你好，Human！柯维尔（Henry Dixon Cowell）是20世纪美国最具革新精神的作曲家之一。他的音乐创新主要体现在以下几点：首先是音丛和弦的发展，他发掘了二度和声的概念，即在钢琴上同时按下相邻的若干音；其次，柯维尔与俄罗斯工程师台尔门（L Theremin）共同制作了一种电子节拍器，这种节拍器可以同时演奏十六种不同节奏。此外，他的作品还受到美国乡村、爱尔兰民间传说及非西方音乐的影响。通过这些创新和多种文化的融合，他为音乐的发展作出了重要贡献。" + "柯维尔（Henry Dixon Cowell）是20世纪美国最具革新精神的作曲家之一。他的音乐创新主要体现在以下几点：首先是音丛和弦的发展，他发掘了二度和声的概念，即在钢琴上同时按下相邻的若干音；其次，柯维尔与俄罗斯工程师台尔门（L Theremin）共同制作了一种电子节拍器，这种节拍器可以同时演奏十六种不同节奏。此外，他的作品还受到美国乡村、爱尔兰民间传说及非西方音乐的影响。通过这些创新和多种文化的融合，他为音乐的发展作出了重要贡献。" ], [ "柯维尔的《新的音乐资源》这本书是关于什么内容的呢？", @@ -307768,7 +307768,7 @@ "history": [ [ "十四点和平纲领Fourteen Points1918年美国总统威尔逊在向美国国会参、众两院联席会议发表的演说中，系统的阐述了他关于第一次世界大战战后和平解决问题的十四点建议。其中最重要的一点是以公开的方式缔结公开的和约，以杜绝任何类型的秘密国际协议，使外交坦诚地、公开地进行。其他各点则是关于战后各国领土调整的概况。最后一点则是呼吁成立一个普遍性的国际组织，促成了国际联盟的建立。\n\n你好，请问能给我回顾一下十四点和平纲领的大致内容吗？", - "你好，Human。十四点和平纲领是美国总统威尔逊在1918年向美国国会发表演说时提出的。其主要目的是解决第一次世界大战后的战后问题。最核心的观点是提倡公开、透明的外交活动，以防止国家之间进行秘密协议。其他几点涉及战后诸国的领土调整问题。第14点呼吁成立一个具有普遍性的国际组织，这一点后来促成了国际联盟的建立。这些纲领试图通过合理分配利益，达到约束列强, 游说列强达成永续的和平协定。" + "十四点和平纲领是美国总统威尔逊在1918年向美国国会发表演说时提出的。其主要目的是解决第一次世界大战后的战后问题。最核心的观点是提倡公开、透明的外交活动，以防止国家之间进行秘密协议。其他几点涉及战后诸国的领土调整问题。第14点呼吁成立一个具有普遍性的国际组织，这一点后来促成了国际联盟的建立。这些纲领试图通过合理分配利益，达到约束列强, 游说列强达成永续的和平协定。" ], [ "威尔逊关于外交透明度的观点为什么如此重要？", @@ -307810,7 +307810,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赫西1914～1993年Hersey, John (Richard)美国小说家和记者。1937～1946年曾在远东、义大利和俄国担任驻外记者。早期小说《给亚达诺镇的钟》（1944），描写第二次世界大战时在盟军占领下的一个西西里岛城镇，获得了1945年的普立兹奖。小说《广岛》（1946），客观地叙述生还者在原子弹爆炸时的经历；《墙》（1950），描写华沙犹太隔离区叛变的小说，都是结合了事实和杜撰的故事。后来的小说包括《万里长江》（1956）、《小孩买主》（1960）和《阴谋》（1972）。\n\n请问赫西是谁？他的主要成就是什么？", - "你好，Human。赫西（John Richard Hersey，1914-1993）是一位美国小说家和记者。他在1937至1946年期间担任外派记者，曾前往远东、意大利和俄国采访。他的早期小说《给亚达诺镇的钟》（1944）描绘了第二次世界大战期间盟军占领西西里岛城镇的情景，该作品荣获1945年普立兹奖。他的其他代表作品包括小说《广岛》（1946）与《墙》（1950）等，这些作品实际结合了事实和杜撰的故事。他的作品记录了历史事件以及人们在战争中的生活经历，具有很高的文学价值。" + "赫西（John Richard Hersey，1914-1993）是一位美国小说家和记者。他在1937至1946年期间担任外派记者，曾前往远东、意大利和俄国采访。他的早期小说《给亚达诺镇的钟》（1944）描绘了第二次世界大战期间盟军占领西西里岛城镇的情景，该作品荣获1945年普立兹奖。他的其他代表作品包括小说《广岛》（1946）与《墙》（1950）等，这些作品实际结合了事实和杜撰的故事。他的作品记录了历史事件以及人们在战争中的生活经历，具有很高的文学价值。" ], [ "《给亚达诺镇的钟》这部小说的主要背景和故事情节是什么？", @@ -308051,7 +308051,7 @@ "history": [ [ "福勒克斯纳1866～1959年Flexner, Abraham美国教育家。在高中教书近二十年，他受卡内基基金会的委托对美国和加拿大155所医学院的品质进行调查。1910年提出报告，立即产生巨大的冲击作用，许多受到他严厉批评的医学院在报告发表后不久即行关闭，其他的医学院也开始修改它们的办学方针和课程设置。在担任洛克斐勒基金会普通教育委员会秘书时，积极主动地把私人捐献的五亿多美元用于改进美国的医学教育。1930年创办新泽西州普林斯顿进修学院，聚集了几位世界最有名望的科学家来此。\n\n你好，请问你了解福勒克斯纳吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，我了解福勒克斯纳（Abraham Flexner），他是一位美国教育家，活跃于19世纪末到20世纪上半叶。根据你提供的信息，他有一段非常显著的贡献，那就是他对美国和加拿大155所医学院的品质进行了调查。1910年，他代表卡内基基金会提交了一份调查报告，这份报告产生了巨大的影响，导致一些受到严厉批评的医学院关闭，其他医学院也开始改进办学方针和课程设置。此外，他还在担任洛克斐勒基金会普通教育委员会秘书时，将近五亿美元的私人捐赠投入医学教育改革。1930年，他创立了新泽西州普林斯顿进修学院，并邀请了世界著名科学家参与。" + "是的，我了解福勒克斯纳（Abraham Flexner），他是一位美国教育家，活跃于19世纪末到20世纪上半叶。根据你提供的信息，他有一段非常显著的贡献，那就是他对美国和加拿大155所医学院的品质进行了调查。1910年，他代表卡内基基金会提交了一份调查报告，这份报告产生了巨大的影响，导致一些受到严厉批评的医学院关闭，其他医学院也开始改进办学方针和课程设置。此外，他还在担任洛克斐勒基金会普通教育委员会秘书时，将近五亿美元的私人捐赠投入医学教育改革。1930年，他创立了新泽西州普林斯顿进修学院，并邀请了世界著名科学家参与。" ], [ "福勒克斯纳的调查对医学教育改革产生了哪些具体影响？", @@ -308474,7 +308474,7 @@ "history": [ [ "唾腺salivary gland任何分泌唾液的腺体。有三对主要的唾腺分泌唾液经由不同的管路进入口腔中：位于耳朵和下颚后部之间的腮腺（最大的唾腺）；下颚两边的下腺；和位于口腔底部靠近双颊的舌下腺。另外还有无数的小腺体位于舌头、上颚、嘴唇和双颊。食物的存在、香味和联想会引起唾液的增多。\n\n请问唾腺是什么？", - "你好，Human！唾腺是指任何分泌唾液的腺体。在人体中，有三对主要的唾腺，分别是位于耳朵和下颚后部之间的腮腺（最大的唾腺）、下颚两边的下腺，以及位于口腔底部靠近双颊的舌下腺。另外，还有许多小腺体位于舌头、上颚、嘴唇和双颊。" + "唾腺是指任何分泌唾液的腺体。在人体中，有三对主要的唾腺，分别是位于耳朵和下颚后部之间的腮腺（最大的唾腺）、下颚两边的下腺，以及位于口腔底部靠近双颊的舌下腺。另外，还有许多小腺体位于舌头、上颚、嘴唇和双颊。" ], [ "唾液有什么作用呢？", @@ -308497,7 +308497,7 @@ "history": [ [ "厄札尔ghazel亦作ghazal或gazel伊斯兰文学中的一种抒情诗。一般为短篇，笔触典雅，主要以爱情为题材。渊源于7世纪晚期的阿拉伯文学。厄札尔有两种主要形式︰一种是希贾兹的厄札尔；一种是伊拉克的厄札尔。哈菲兹的作品被认为是波斯最好的抒情诗。他丰富的想像和多层次的隐喻使厄札尔恢复生气，并完善发展成为一种诗歌形式。\n\n你好，请问你了解厄札尔这种抒情诗吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解厄札尔这种抒情诗。厄札尔，也称为ghazel、ghazal或gazel，是伊斯兰文学中的一种短篇抒情诗。它起源于7世纪末的阿拉伯文学，主要表达的主题是爱情。这种诗有两种主要的形式：希贾兹的厄札尔和伊拉克的厄札尔。其中，哈菲兹的作品被认为是波斯最好的抒情诗。他的想象力丰富，隐喻多层次，使厄札尔焕发生机，并完善发展为一种诗歌形式。" + "我了解厄札尔这种抒情诗。厄札尔，也称为ghazel、ghazal或gazel，是伊斯兰文学中的一种短篇抒情诗。它起源于7世纪末的阿拉伯文学，主要表达的主题是爱情。这种诗有两种主要的形式：希贾兹的厄札尔和伊拉克的厄札尔。其中，哈菲兹的作品被认为是波斯最好的抒情诗。他的想象力丰富，隐喻多层次，使厄札尔焕发生机，并完善发展为一种诗歌形式。" ], [ "能否简要介绍一下希贾兹的厄札尔和伊拉克的厄札尔有何不同？", @@ -308516,7 +308516,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鲍德温1804～1858年Baldwin, Robert加拿大政治人物。原为律师，后来在省政府担任一些职务。1842～1843年与拉封丹共组第一届自由党政府。1848年自由党重新执政，他与拉封丹成立责任制政府，或称内阁政府。1851年辞职。\n\n请问你对加拿大政治人物罗伯特·鲍德温了解多少？", - "你好，Human。根据您提供的信息，罗伯特·鲍德温（Robert Baldwin，1804-1858）是一位加拿大政治人物。他原本是一名律师，后来在省政府中担任了一些职务。他在1842-1843年与拉封丹共组第一届自由党政府。到了1848年，自由党重新执政时，他与拉封丹共同成立了责任制政府，也被称为内阁政府。不过，他在1851年辞去职务。这些信息是关于罗伯特·鲍德温的基本情况，如果您有其他问题，请随时提问。" + "根据您提供的信息，罗伯特·鲍德温（Robert Baldwin，1804-1858）是一位加拿大政治人物。他原本是一名律师，后来在省政府中担任了一些职务。他在1842-1843年与拉封丹共组第一届自由党政府。到了1848年，自由党重新执政时，他与拉封丹共同成立了责任制政府，也被称为内阁政府。不过，他在1851年辞去职务。这些信息是关于罗伯特·鲍德温的基本情况，如果您有其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "那请问他与拉封丹组建责任制政府有什么重要意义？", @@ -308684,7 +308684,7 @@ "history": [ [ "生境habitat亦译栖息地。一个生物体或生物体组成的群落所栖居的地方，包括周围环境中一切生物的和非生物的因素或条件。被寄生物所栖息的宿主生物体与树丛等陆地生境或小池等水生生境一样，也是一种生境。小生境指与植物或动物毗邻的环境条件和生物体。\n\n你好，请问生境和生物圈有什么区别？", - "你好，Human！生境（Habitat）指的是一个生物体或由生物体组成的群落所居住的地方，它包括生物和非生物的因素或条件。而生物圈（Biosphere）是指地球上所有生物所居住的区域，包括陆地、水域和大气圈。生境关注的是特定种群或群落所处的环境，而生物圈涵盖了整个地球上所有生物共同居住的地域。" + "生境（Habitat）指的是一个生物体或由生物体组成的群落所居住的地方，它包括生物和非生物的因素或条件。而生物圈（Biosphere）是指地球上所有生物所居住的区域，包括陆地、水域和大气圈。生境关注的是特定种群或群落所处的环境，而生物圈涵盖了整个地球上所有生物共同居住的地域。" ], [ "那么生境的破坏对生物有什么影响呢？", @@ -308757,7 +308757,7 @@ "history": [ [ "史帝夫麦昆1930～1980年McQueen, (Terrence) Steve(n)美国的电影演员。史帝夫麦昆生于美国印第安纳州的山毛榉路（Beech Grove），他在前往纽约研习表演之前，定期在一间少年感化院服务，并在美国海军陆战队从事一般性庶务工作。他在百老汇以1955年的《一帽子的夫》（A Hatful of Rain）赢得瞩目，并且在1956年以《那里有人喜欢我》（Somebody up There Likes Me）首度登上大萤幕。而后他从1958年开始在电视影集《通缉要犯：不论死活》（Wanted: Dead or Alive）担纲演出，直到1961年。他还在下列的电影中扮演孤独的英雄，如1963年的《大逃亡》（The Great Escape）、1966年的《沙卵石》（The Sand Pebbles）、1968年的《汤姆克劳恩案件》（Thomas Crown Affair）1973年的《巴比隆》（Papillon）以及1974年的《火烧摩天楼》（The Towering Inferno）。\n\n请问你了解史帝夫麦昆这个演员吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解史帝夫麦昆（Terrence Steve McQueen，1930-1980）。他是一位著名的美国电影演员，生于印第安纳州的山毛榉路（Beech Grove）。在成为演员之前，他曾在少年感化院服务，以及在美国海军陆战队担任一般性庶务工作。他的演艺生涯始于百老汇，后来进入电影圈并参与了很多知名作品。" + "我了解史帝夫麦昆（Terrence Steve McQueen，1930-1980）。他是一位著名的美国电影演员，生于印第安纳州的山毛榉路（Beech Grove）。在成为演员之前，他曾在少年感化院服务，以及在美国海军陆战队担任一般性庶务工作。他的演艺生涯始于百老汇，后来进入电影圈并参与了很多知名作品。" ], [ "史帝夫麦昆的成名之作是什么？", @@ -308818,7 +308818,7 @@ "history": [ [ "程式语言programming language电脑程式设计人员书写指令给电脑执行的语言。有些语言称为程序语言（procedural language），如COBOL、FORTRAN、Pascal和C语言，因为是利用一系列的命令去具体指定机器如何解析问题。其他语言为函数语言（functional language），如LISP，程式设计都是呼叫程序（程式中执行的部分程式码）。支援物件导向程式设计的语言取得资料，在变动的时候加以处理。程式语言通常也会分成高阶或低阶。低阶语言以电脑可以直接理解的方式书写，但是距离人类语言十分遥远。高阶语言处理的概念是人类设计且能理解，但是必须经由编译器翻译成为电脑能够理解的语言。\n\n根据上面提到的关于计算机程序语言的信息，请告诉我程序语言与函数语言之间的区别。", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答关于程序语言和函数语言的区别。程序语言，如COBOL、FORTRAN、Pascal和C语言，主要是利用一系列命令去具体指定机器如何解析问题。它们主要关注任务的执行过程，通过编写一系列操作步骤来实现预定目标。\n\n而函数语言，如LISP，主要通过调用函数（程序中执行的一部分代码）来实现功能。其核心思想是以数学函数作为基础进行运算。在函数语言中，复杂问题可以通过组合更小的可重用函数来解决，强调代码的模块化和可重用性。" + "很高兴为你解答关于程序语言和函数语言的区别。程序语言，如COBOL、FORTRAN、Pascal和C语言，主要是利用一系列命令去具体指定机器如何解析问题。它们主要关注任务的执行过程，通过编写一系列操作步骤来实现预定目标。\n\n而函数语言，如LISP，主要通过调用函数（程序中执行的一部分代码）来实现功能。其核心思想是以数学函数作为基础进行运算。在函数语言中，复杂问题可以通过组合更小的可重用函数来解决，强调代码的模块化和可重用性。" ], [ "那么物件导向程式设计是什么？", @@ -309201,7 +309201,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克伦威尔1626～1712年Cromwell, Richard英格兰护国公（1658～1659），奥利弗克伦威尔的长子。曾在国会军中服役，1654和1656年当选国会议员。1657年新宪法赋予其父挑选继位者的权力，他被推荐担负要职，任国务会议委员，并成为上院议员。1658年其父去世后，他遵照遗命宣布继任护国公，但很快就面临议会与军方的严重冲突，1659年被迫退位。为了逃避在位期间的大批债务，于1660年去巴黎，1680年回国隐居。\n\n你好，请问克伦威尔指的是谁？", - "你好，Human。克伦威尔在这里指的是理查德·克伦威尔（Richard Cromwell），英格兰护国公（1658 - 1659），他是奥利弗·克伦威尔（Oliver Cromwell）的长子。奥利弗·克伦威尔是英国历史上著名的政治家和军事家。" + "克伦威尔在这里指的是理查德·克伦威尔（Richard Cromwell），英格兰护国公（1658 - 1659），他是奥利弗·克伦威尔（Oliver Cromwell）的长子。奥利弗·克伦威尔是英国历史上著名的政治家和军事家。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么，理查德·克伦威尔在英国国会军中都做了些什么？", @@ -309262,7 +309262,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿默斯特1717～1797年Amherst, Jeffrey受封为阿默斯特男爵（Baron Amherst）英国陆军指挥官。在法国印第安人战争中，率军攻克路易斯堡（Louisburg，在布雷顿角岛〔Cape Breton Island〕上），后晋升美洲英军总司令（1758）。1760年他率军攻下了魁北克及蒙特娄。加拿大落入英国之手后，阿默斯特留在加拿大担任总督至1763年，返英后的1772～1795年几乎一直担任英国陆军总司令。1776年封男爵。1796年晋升陆军元帅。有数个美国城镇及阿默斯特学院（Amherst College）均以他为名。\n\n请问阿默斯特，是如何攻克路易斯堡的？", - "你好，Human！阿默斯特是一位英国陆军指挥官，他在法国印第安人战争中表现出色。阿默斯特带领英军攻克了位于布雷顿角岛的路易斯堡要塞。具体攻克过程的信息在提供的资料中并没有提及，我无法提供相关战术细节。不过，他的这一胜利使他晋升为美洲英军总司令，并于1760年攻占了魁北克和蒙特利尔，最终使加拿大落入英国之手。" + "阿默斯特是一位英国陆军指挥官，他在法国印第安人战争中表现出色。阿默斯特带领英军攻克了位于布雷顿角岛的路易斯堡要塞。具体攻克过程的信息在提供的资料中并没有提及，我无法提供相关战术细节。不过，他的这一胜利使他晋升为美洲英军总司令，并于1760年攻占了魁北克和蒙特利尔，最终使加拿大落入英国之手。" ], [ "阿默斯特在加拿大担任总督的时间是多久？", @@ -309373,7 +309373,7 @@ "history": [ [ "湮没annihilation物理学中粒子与反粒子（参阅antimatter）碰撞时放出能量而消失的反应。地球上最常见的湮没是电子和正电子碰撞时发生的。由湮没产生的能量E等于消失的质量m乘以真空中的光速c的平方，即E=mc2，因此，湮没是质能相当的实例，是预言爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein）这个相当性的狭义相对论（relativity）的验证。湮没时会有γ射线从碰撞处辐射出来或还原为粒子与反粒子（参阅pair production）。\n\n请问湮没是什么现象？它与反物质有什么关系？", - "你好，Human！湮没是物理学中的一种现象，当粒子与反粒子碰撞时，它们会放出能量并消失。反物质是物质的对立面，它由反粒子组成。因此，湮没通常描述的是物质粒子与反物质粒子相互作用的过程。最常见的湮没是电子和正电子碰撞时发生的。" + "湮没是物理学中的一种现象，当粒子与反粒子碰撞时，它们会放出能量并消失。反物质是物质的对立面，它由反粒子组成。因此，湮没通常描述的是物质粒子与反物质粒子相互作用的过程。最常见的湮没是电子和正电子碰撞时发生的。" ], [ "请解释一下湮没产生的能量是如何计算的？", @@ -309574,7 +309574,7 @@ "history": [ [ "加萨特1844～1926年Cassatt, Mary美国女油画家和版画家。早年生活富裕，与家人在欧洲四处游历。1861～1865年在宾夕法尼亚美术学院学习。后在巴黎学画，临摹古代伟大画家的作品。后来成为窦加的亲密朋友，风格深受他的影响，鼓励她在印象派画展上展出了她的作品。作品通常是描绘日常生活，特别是母子形象，擅长素描和版画。最好的一些作品是用粉彩笔画的。她透过与有钱的收藏家往来，促进印象主义在美国发展，并动用影响力持续影响了美国的品味。\n\n你好，请问你能帮我回顾一下玛丽·卡萨特的主要经历吗？", - "你好，Human。当然可以。玛丽·卡萨特（Mary Cassatt）是一位美国女油画家和版画家，生活在1844-1926年。她出生于一个富裕的家庭，与家人在欧洲各地游历。她曾在1861-1865年期间在宾夕法尼亚美术学院学习。卡萨特后来前往巴黎学习绘画，模仿古代伟大画家的作品。在巴黎，她结识了著名画家埃德加·杜加，受到他的影响，加入了印象派画展。她的作品主题通常是日常生活，特别是母子形象，并擅长素描和版画。作为一位对美国印象主义有重要贡献的艺术家，卡萨特经常与富有的收藏家交流，并在美国推广印象主义。" + "当然可以。玛丽·卡萨特（Mary Cassatt）是一位美国女油画家和版画家，生活在1844-1926年。她出生于一个富裕的家庭，与家人在欧洲各地游历。她曾在1861-1865年期间在宾夕法尼亚美术学院学习。卡萨特后来前往巴黎学习绘画，模仿古代伟大画家的作品。在巴黎，她结识了著名画家埃德加·杜加，受到他的影响，加入了印象派画展。她的作品主题通常是日常生活，特别是母子形象，并擅长素描和版画。作为一位对美国印象主义有重要贡献的艺术家，卡萨特经常与富有的收藏家交流，并在美国推广印象主义。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，那么玛丽·卡萨特与埃德加·杜加之间的关系是如何发展的呢？", @@ -309589,7 +309589,7 @@ "history": [ [ "韦拉克鲁斯Veracruz (Llave)墨西哥中东部一个州。邻墨西哥湾。沿海有低平的沙土带，向内陆地势升高成中部高原，有墨西哥最高峰锡特拉尔特佩特火山。当地有大量前哥伦布时期文化的考古遗迹。1518年西班牙人到沿海考察，次年首次登陆。1824年成为州。该州石油蕴藏占全国的25%以上，并有几座炼油厂。经济以农业、畜牧业和制造业为主。面积71,699平方公里。首府哈拉帕。人口约6,856,415（1997）。\n\n你好，请问墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州的地理位置是怎样的？", - "你好，Human！墨西哥的韦拉克鲁斯州位于墨西哥中东部，紧邻墨西哥湾。沿海地区主要是低平的沙土带，而向内陆的地势则逐渐升高，形成中部高原。由于墨西哥湾的邻近，该州拥有丰富的水资源和港口资源，有利于经济发展。" + "墨西哥的韦拉克鲁斯州位于墨西哥中东部，紧邻墨西哥湾。沿海地区主要是低平的沙土带，而向内陆的地势则逐渐升高，形成中部高原。由于墨西哥湾的邻近，该州拥有丰富的水资源和港口资源，有利于经济发展。" ], [ "多谢解答！韦拉克鲁斯州有什么特别之处吗？", @@ -309612,7 +309612,7 @@ "history": [ [ "帕木竹家族Phag-mo-gru family西藏家族，曾在14世纪使西藏脱离蒙古的控制。当时的西藏由居住于中国蒙古（元朝）宫廷中的萨迦派喇嘛所统治。在强曲坚赞（1302～1364）的领导下，帕木竹家族解放了西藏的中部地区。接下来的一百年里，西藏境内重新建立起类似中央集权的政治。\n\n我看到一段关于帕木竹家族的描述，请你告诉我他们在14世纪有什么重要贡献吗？", - "你好，Human。根据你提供的信息，帕木竹家族在14世纪发挥了非常重要的作用。在强曲坚赞（1302～1364）的领导下，帕木竹家族成功地解放了西藏的中部地区，使西藏摆脱了蒙古（元朝）的控制。在接下来的一百年里，西藏境内重新建立起类似中央集权的政治，这对当时的西藏发展产生了深远的影响。" + "根据你提供的信息，帕木竹家族在14世纪发挥了非常重要的作用。在强曲坚赞（1302～1364）的领导下，帕木竹家族成功地解放了西藏的中部地区，使西藏摆脱了蒙古（元朝）的控制。在接下来的一百年里，西藏境内重新建立起类似中央集权的政治，这对当时的西藏发展产生了深远的影响。" ], [ "西藏在帕木竹家族解放之前是如何被控制的？", @@ -310134,7 +310134,7 @@ "history": [ [ "史蒂芬斯1805～1852年Stephens, John Lloyd美国旅行家及考古学家。原为律师，后游历中东，并据此经历写成两部书。他与好友插图画家兼考古学家卡瑟伍德（F Catherwood）于1839年前往宏都拉斯，探索传说中存在的马雅人遗迹。他们在科潘（Copan）、乌斯马尔（Uxmal）、帕伦克（Palenque）及其他地方发现了一些新的重要遗址，并据此写成《中美洲、恰帕斯及犹加敦旅行记》（2卷，1841），描述这些发现。第二次考察结束后他们又着有《犹加敦旅行记》（2卷，1843）。他们的着述引起大众与学者对此地区的浓厚兴趣。\n\n我刚刚了解了一名美国旅行家史蒂芬斯有关马雅文明的考古探险，并发表了一些著作。他还有个好友叫卡瑟伍德对吗？这两人在探险过程中发现了哪些新的遗址呢？", - "你好，Human。是的，你说得对。史蒂芬斯（John Lloyd Stephens）是一位美国旅行家和考古学家，他的好友名叫费德里克·卡瑟伍德（F Catherwood），是一位插图画家和考古学家。他们在1839年前往宏都拉斯共同探险。在这次探险中，他们发现了一些重要的马雅遗址，如科潘（Copan）、乌斯马尔（Uxmal）和帕伦克（Palenque）。这些新发现为人们更深入地了解马雅文明提供了宝贵资料。" + "是的，你说得对。史蒂芬斯（John Lloyd Stephens）是一位美国旅行家和考古学家，他的好友名叫费德里克·卡瑟伍德（F Catherwood），是一位插图画家和考古学家。他们在1839年前往宏都拉斯共同探险。在这次探险中，他们发现了一些重要的马雅遗址，如科潘（Copan）、乌斯马尔（Uxmal）和帕伦克（Palenque）。这些新发现为人们更深入地了解马雅文明提供了宝贵资料。" ], [ "他们的成果有哪些书籍记录？能简单介绍一下这些书籍的内容吗？", @@ -310214,7 +310214,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鱼肝油cod-liver oil从大西洋鳕鱼及其他近缘鱼种的肚脏中取得的淡黄色脂肪油。主要是由多种脂肪酸甘油脂组成的混合物，含有少量但很重要的脂溶性维生素A和D。在医药上用来治疗缺乏维生素D所引起的钙、磷代谢异常，如佝偻病、小儿麻痹症、骨瘤等，也用作家禽和其他动物的饲料。\n\n请问鱼肝油是从哪些鱼类提取的？", - "你好，Human！鱼肝油主要是从大西洋鳕鱼及其他近缘鱼种的肚脏中提取得到的。这些鱼类生活在深海中，它们的肚脏含有丰富的油脂，可以提炼成鱼肝油。" + "鱼肝油主要是从大西洋鳕鱼及其他近缘鱼种的肚脏中提取得到的。这些鱼类生活在深海中，它们的肚脏含有丰富的油脂，可以提炼成鱼肝油。" ], [ "鱼肝油的成分有哪些？", @@ -310397,7 +310397,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鸣角鸮screech owl鸱鸮科角鸮属多种鸮的统称。新大陆品种和旧大陆品种（称角鸮）均具脸盘和耳羽簇。虽然名为鸣角鸮，事实上它们并不尖声鸣叫。它们的体色隐蔽，类似树皮。体长约20～30公分。主要以小型哺乳动物、鸟类和昆虫为食。着名的品种有北美的普通鸣角鸮（Otus asio）、北美西部的花彩角鸮（O flammeolus）以及欧洲南部、亚洲和非洲的普通角鸮（O scops）。\n\n你好，请问鸣角鸮是什么样子的呢？", - "你好，Human！鸣角鸮属于鸱鸮科角鸮属的多种鸮类，它们具有脸盘和耳羽簇。它们的体色非常隐蔽，类似树皮，这有助于它们在树木上伪装。鸣角鸮的体长约为20～30公分。尽管它们的名字叫鸣角鸮，但它们实际上并不尖声鸣叫。" + "鸣角鸮属于鸱鸮科角鸮属的多种鸮类，它们具有脸盘和耳羽簇。它们的体色非常隐蔽，类似树皮，这有助于它们在树木上伪装。鸣角鸮的体长约为20～30公分。尽管它们的名字叫鸣角鸮，但它们实际上并不尖声鸣叫。" ], [ "鸣角鸮平时吃什么食物呢？", @@ -310565,7 +310565,7 @@ "history": [ [ "比夫拉湾Biafra, Bight of西非的大西洋海湾。是几内亚湾最深入陆地的海湾，四周是奈及利亚、喀麦隆、赤道几内亚和加彭，并接纳了尼日河和奥果韦河。湾内有若干岛屿，包括比奥科岛（Bioko Island）。主要港口有马拉博、卡拉巴尔和杜阿拉。16～19世纪时湾区是大规模奴隶贸易的场所。到了1830年代棕榈油贸易超过了奴隶贸易。如今石油是主要的经济资源。\n\n你好，请问你能简要介绍一下比夫拉湾的地理位置和周边国家吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。比夫拉湾，又称Bight of Biafra，位于西非的大西洋沿岸，是几内亚湾最深入内陆的海湾。它周围有四个国家，分别是奈及利亚、喀麦隆、赤道几内亚和加彭。此外，尼日河和奥果韦河也流入比夫拉湾。希望这个简要介绍能帮助你了解比夫拉湾。" + "当然可以。比夫拉湾，又称Bight of Biafra，位于西非的大西洋沿岸，是几内亚湾最深入内陆的海湾。它周围有四个国家，分别是奈及利亚、喀麦隆、赤道几内亚和加彭。此外，尼日河和奥果韦河也流入比夫拉湾。希望这个简要介绍能帮助你了解比夫拉湾。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍！能跟我说说比夫拉湾的历史吗？", @@ -311220,7 +311220,7 @@ "history": [ [ "脱垂prolapse内部器官脱离其正常位置向下脱出，常用指直肠或子宫因支持的肌肉弱化而脱出体外的情况。直肠脱垂时直肠内膜由肛门脱出，常见于患有便秘的老年人用力大便的时候。慢性的直肠脱垂需要外科修补。子宫脱垂至阴道常是因产伤造成局部弱化，而地心引力又加重了这种弱化而造成。轻度子宫脱垂可藉助暂时性支托和增骨盆腔肌肉的练习而减轻症状，但严重脱垂则必须以子宫切除术来治疗。\n\n我想了解一下脱垂这种情况，它是怎么发生的？", - "你好，Human。脱垂是指内部器官脱离其正常位置向下脱出的现象。通常来说，脱垂是因为支持器官的肌肉弱化导致的。常见的脱垂包括直肠脱垂和子宫脱垂。直肠脱垂常见于患有便秘的老年人，施力大便时直肠内膜由肛门脱出。子宫脱垂至阴道通常是因为产伤造成局部弱化，再加上地心引力的作用而发生。" + "脱垂是指内部器官脱离其正常位置向下脱出的现象。通常来说，脱垂是因为支持器官的肌肉弱化导致的。常见的脱垂包括直肠脱垂和子宫脱垂。直肠脱垂常见于患有便秘的老年人，施力大便时直肠内膜由肛门脱出。子宫脱垂至阴道通常是因为产伤造成局部弱化，再加上地心引力的作用而发生。" ], [ "直肠脱垂是如何治疗的呢？", @@ -311243,7 +311243,7 @@ "history": [ [ "纳尔默达河Narmada River亦称Nerbudda River印度中部的河流。发源于中央邦，全长1,289公里。它向西流入坎贝湾，形成兴都斯坦和德干高原之间的传统边界。西元2世纪时被希腊的地理学家托勒密称作纳曼德，它始终是阿拉伯海与恒河流域之间的重要通道。它是印度教徒的朝圣之路，他们把纳尔默达河看作是仅次于恒河的最神圣的河流。\n\n你好，请问纳尔默达河在印度具体的位置是哪里？", - "你好，Human！纳尔默达河位于印度中部，它发源于印度的中央邦。纳尔默达河全长1,289公里，流向西进入坎贝湾。这条河流形成了兴都斯坦和德干高原之间的传统边界。希望这些信息能帮助你了解纳尔默达河的地理位置。" + "纳尔默达河位于印度中部，它发源于印度的中央邦。纳尔默达河全长1,289公里，流向西进入坎贝湾。这条河流形成了兴都斯坦和德干高原之间的传统边界。希望这些信息能帮助你了解纳尔默达河的地理位置。" ], [ "谢谢回答。我还想知道它在历史上有什么重要意义？", @@ -311380,7 +311380,7 @@ "history": [ [ "古柯coca古柯科热带灌木，学名Erythroxylum coca。非洲、南美北部、东南亚和台湾均有栽培。其叶为药物古柯碱和其他几种生物碱的原料。古柯在炎热、潮湿的环境，如林中空旷地生长最为繁盛，但生长于小山坡较干燥环境中者其叶品质最好。不同的古柯叶成分差异很大。优质者有强烈的似茶叶的气味，置于口中咀嚼可产生一种热感，并有令人愉快的辛辣味。好几世纪以来，南美洲农民把它用来舒缓劳累的身躯。\n\n请问古柯是什么植物？", - "你好，Human。古柯（学名：Erythroxylum coca）是一种热带灌木，主要分布在南美北部、非洲、东南亚和台湾地区。它的叶子是制作药物古柯碱和其他几种生物碱的原料。古柯在炎热、潮湿的环境中生长最为繁盛，如林中空旷地。但其叶品质在小山坡较干燥环境中的生长者更好。" + "古柯（学名：Erythroxylum coca）是一种热带灌木，主要分布在南美北部、非洲、东南亚和台湾地区。它的叶子是制作药物古柯碱和其他几种生物碱的原料。古柯在炎热、潮湿的环境中生长最为繁盛，如林中空旷地。但其叶品质在小山坡较干燥环境中的生长者更好。" ], [ "古柯碱是什么？有什么作用？", @@ -311551,7 +311551,7 @@ "history": [ [ "盲鱼blind fish各种无眼鱼的通称，其中包括几种非近缘的穴居种类。盲洞穴鱼体色苍白，形小，长约10公分，见于美国的黑暗石灰岩洞中。全都有小而无视觉的眼睛，以及对触碰敏感的触觉器，因此能感觉到它所看不到的东西。其他趋于变盲的洞穴鱼见于古巴、墨西哥的犹加敦、南美洲和非洲。\n\n请问盲鱼这个物种有哪些特征呢？", - "你好，Human！根据所提供的信息，盲鱼是无眼鱼的通称，其中包括几种非近缘的穴居种类。盲洞穴鱼的特征主要包括体色苍白，形状较小，长约10公分，常出现在美国的黑暗石灰岩洞中。盲鱼虽然眼睛小而无视觉功能，但它们拥有对触碰敏感的触觉器，因此能感觉到无法看到的事物。此外，还有一些趋于变盲的洞穴鱼，它们可以在古巴、墨西哥的犹加敦、南美洲和非洲发现。总的来说，盲鱼的主要特征就是体色苍白、形状较小和生活在黑暗洞穴里，拥有敏感的触感器和虽小但功能有限的眼睛。" + "根据所提供的信息，盲鱼是无眼鱼的通称，其中包括几种非近缘的穴居种类。盲洞穴鱼的特征主要包括体色苍白，形状较小，长约10公分，常出现在美国的黑暗石灰岩洞中。盲鱼虽然眼睛小而无视觉功能，但它们拥有对触碰敏感的触觉器，因此能感觉到无法看到的事物。此外，还有一些趋于变盲的洞穴鱼，它们可以在古巴、墨西哥的犹加敦、南美洲和非洲发现。总的来说，盲鱼的主要特征就是体色苍白、形状较小和生活在黑暗洞穴里，拥有敏感的触感器和虽小但功能有限的眼睛。" ], [ "失去视觉能力对于盲鱼生存在阴暗环境中有什么影响？", @@ -311639,7 +311639,7 @@ "history": [ [ "资源的回收与再利用recycling亦称废物利用（materials salvage）指重新利用消费后产品中的可用成分的行为。资源的回收与再利用的目的在于减轻资源的不足和自然资源（包括石油、天然气、煤炭、矿石和树木）的高消耗情况，并防止大气（参阅air pollution）、水资源（参阅water pollution）和土地因废弃物而造成的污染。资源的回收与再利用有两种类型：内部的和外部的。内部资源的回收与再利用是在某一生产过程中重新利用在该生产过程中产出的废弃物，这在金属工业中比较常见（参阅scrap metal）。外部资源的回收与再利用是回收废弃物品中消耗或不再有用的东西，例如回收废报纸和杂志来生产新的印刷纸或别的纸品。\n\n根据上述信息，能否告诉我回收与再利用的主要目的是什么？", - "你好，Human！回收与再利用的主要目的是减轻资源的不足和自然资源的高消耗情况，同时防止大气、水资源和土地因废弃物而造成的污染。这样做可以促使我们更加可持续地利用资源，保护地球的环境。" + "回收与再利用的主要目的是减轻资源的不足和自然资源的高消耗情况，同时防止大气、水资源和土地因废弃物而造成的污染。这样做可以促使我们更加可持续地利用资源，保护地球的环境。" ], [ "明白了，那能具体解释一下内部资源的回收与再利用是什么吗？", @@ -311868,7 +311868,7 @@ { "instruction": "庄园制度manorialism亦称seignorialism一种政治、经济和社会制度，在这种制度下，中世纪欧洲的农民受缚于土地和领主，领主藉由农奴制统治农民。基本单位是庄园，为受领主控制的自给自足的地产或领地。自由农民向领主缴纳地租或为领主提供军事服务，以换取土地的使用权。农奴耕种小块土地，向领主缴纳地租并提供劳力，大部分农奴不得擅自离开领地。在西欧，这种制度在8世纪时十分昌盛，到13世纪开始衰落；而在东欧，则在15世纪后达到顶峰。\n\n你好，请问庄园制度在中世纪欧洲的政治、经济和社会方面表现为什么特点？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！庄园制度在中世纪欧洲的政治、经济和社会方面有以下特点：\n\n1. 政治方面：庄园制度下，领主承担对庄园的管理和保护责任，同时对农民实行农奴制，维持统治秩序。领主还可能向其所属的王国提供军事服务，以换取土地的使用权和保护。\n\n2. 经济方面：庄园制度的基本单位是庄园，庄园内的农民以及领主向自给自足的生产方式为主。农民需要向领主缴纳地租、提供劳力和军事服务等。这种经济形式在当时是稳定的，但缺乏进一步创新和发展的动力。\n\n3. 社会方面：庄园制度下的农民分为自由农民和农奴。农奴不得擅自离开领地，位置较低，而自由农民则可以通过交纳地租或提供军事服务换取一定的自由。这种制度导致了社会等级的固化和对下层人民的压迫。\n\n这些特点使得庄园制度在中世纪欧洲具有一定的稳定性，但随着时间的推移，这种制度暴露出越来越多的问题，最终导致了其衰落。", + "output": "庄园制度在中世纪欧洲的政治、经济和社会方面有以下特点：\n\n1. 政治方面：庄园制度下，领主承担对庄园的管理和保护责任，同时对农民实行农奴制，维持统治秩序。领主还可能向其所属的王国提供军事服务，以换取土地的使用权和保护。\n\n2. 经济方面：庄园制度的基本单位是庄园，庄园内的农民以及领主向自给自足的生产方式为主。农民需要向领主缴纳地租、提供劳力和军事服务等。这种经济形式在当时是稳定的，但缺乏进一步创新和发展的动力。\n\n3. 社会方面：庄园制度下的农民分为自由农民和农奴。农奴不得擅自离开领地，位置较低，而自由农民则可以通过交纳地租或提供军事服务换取一定的自由。这种制度导致了社会等级的固化和对下层人民的压迫。\n\n这些特点使得庄园制度在中世纪欧洲具有一定的稳定性，但随着时间的推移，这种制度暴露出越来越多的问题，最终导致了其衰落。", "history": [] }, { @@ -311954,7 +311954,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哈桑巴士里642～728年Hasan al-Basri, al-全名Abu Said ibn Abi al-Hasan Yasar al-Basri穆斯林苦行僧，早期伊斯兰教的主要人物。生于麦地那，年轻时曾参与对伊朗东部的征服军事行动，后来定居巴斯拉。自684年起，他成为一个受欢迎的传道士。他强调实践宗教的自我检查，认为真正的穆斯林必须生活在一种忧患意识中，担忧死后的命运。他驳斥决定论，坚持人们应该对他们的行动负完全的责任。因政敌的迫害，使他在705～714年间隐遁起来，但后来他又在巴斯拉公开生活。他是早期伊斯兰教逊尼派的两个主要教派的创始人，即穆尔太齐赖派和艾什尔里派。\n\n你好，请问你了解哈桑巴士里吗？", - "你好，Human！当然了解。哈桑巴士里（Hasan al-Basri），全名Abu Said ibn Abi al-Hasan Yasar al-Basri，是一位生活在公元642-728年的穆斯林苦行僧，同时也是早期伊斯兰教的重要人物。他出生在麦地那，年轻时参加了针对伊朗东部的征服军事行动，后来在巴斯拉定居。从公元684年开始，他成为了一位受欢迎的传道士，强调实践宗教的自我检查。他认为真正的穆斯林应该持有忧患意识，关注死后的命运。哈桑巴士里还驳斥决定论，强调人们应对其行为负完全的责任。" + "当然了解。哈桑巴士里（Hasan al-Basri），全名Abu Said ibn Abi al-Hasan Yasar al-Basri，是一位生活在公元642-728年的穆斯林苦行僧，同时也是早期伊斯兰教的重要人物。他出生在麦地那，年轻时参加了针对伊朗东部的征服军事行动，后来在巴斯拉定居。从公元684年开始，他成为了一位受欢迎的传道士，强调实践宗教的自我检查。他认为真正的穆斯林应该持有忧患意识，关注死后的命运。哈桑巴士里还驳斥决定论，强调人们应对其行为负完全的责任。" ], [ "请讲讲哈桑巴士里如何成为受欢迎的传道士的？", @@ -311992,11 +311992,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢！你对人身保护令的解释非常详细。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！我很高兴能帮助你了解人身保护令。如果你还有其他问题或需要帮助，随时可以向我提问。", + "output": "不客气！我很高兴能帮助你了解人身保护令。如果你还有其他问题或需要帮助，随时可以向我提问。", "history": [ [ "人身保护令habeas corpus在普通法中法庭为保护当事人而发布的几种令状的统称。其中最重要的是人身保护状（habeas corpus ad subjiciendum），用以矫正那些违反个人自由的行为，做法是指挥司法，调查羁留的合法性。一般获释的理由包括：基于非法取得的证据而做成判决；律师的有效帮助遭到否决；由不当选择或挑选之陪审团做成判决。人身保护令可用于民事，以挑战个人对儿童的监护权或被宣告无行为能力之个人的收容。\n\n你好。请问人身保护令是什么？", - "你好，Human。人身保护令（habeas corpus）在普通法体系中指的是法庭为保护当事人发布的几种令状的统称。这其中最重要的一种是人身保护状（habeas corpus ad subjiciendum），它主要用于矫正那些违反个人自由的行为，通过司法调查羁留的合法性。人身保护令既可应用于民事案件，用来挑战个人对儿童的监护权或被宣告无行为能力之个人的收容，也可用于刑事案件。" + "人身保护令（habeas corpus）在普通法体系中指的是法庭为保护当事人发布的几种令状的统称。这其中最重要的一种是人身保护状（habeas corpus ad subjiciendum），它主要用于矫正那些违反个人自由的行为，通过司法调查羁留的合法性。人身保护令既可应用于民事案件，用来挑战个人对儿童的监护权或被宣告无行为能力之个人的收容，也可用于刑事案件。" ], [ "有哪些情况下可以申请人身保护令？", @@ -312205,7 +312205,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鲁宾斯坦1829～1894年Rubinstein, Anton (Grigor'yevich)俄国作曲家和钢琴演奏家。作为一名钢琴演奏家巡演期间，他在巴黎结识了萧邦、李斯特，在柏林结识了梅耶贝尔。经过几年的学习，1848年定居在圣彼得堡，1862年创立了圣彼得堡音乐学校，此后投入大量心力致力于提高俄罗斯音乐教育水平。他过去很受欢迎的作品，包括六部交响曲、五部钢琴协奏曲、许多室内乐作品和钢琴曲（包括「F大调旋律」），很多已经从保留剧目中消失。他的弟弟尼古莱（1835～1881）也是一位着名的钢琴演奏家和教师，并在1860年代创立了莫斯科音乐学校。\n\n我想了解一下鲁宾斯坦的生平和他在音乐领域的成就。", - "你好，Human！鲁宾斯坦（Anton Grigor'yevich Rubinstein，1829-1894年）是一位俄国作曲家和钢琴演奏家。他年轻时在巴黎结识了萧邦、李斯特，在柏林结识了梅耶贝尔。1848年定居在圣彼得堡，并于1862年创立了圣彼得堡音乐学校。鲁宾斯坦为提高俄罗斯音乐教育水平做出了巨大贡献。他的作品曾经非常受欢迎，包括六部交响曲、五部钢琴协奏曲、许多室内乐作品和钢琴曲（如F大调旋律）。然而，现在他的许多作品已经从保留剧目中消失。他的弟弟尼古莱（1835-1881）也是钢琴演奏家和教师，曾在1860年代创建莫斯科音乐学校。" + "鲁宾斯坦（Anton Grigor'yevich Rubinstein，1829-1894年）是一位俄国作曲家和钢琴演奏家。他年轻时在巴黎结识了萧邦、李斯特，在柏林结识了梅耶贝尔。1848年定居在圣彼得堡，并于1862年创立了圣彼得堡音乐学校。鲁宾斯坦为提高俄罗斯音乐教育水平做出了巨大贡献。他的作品曾经非常受欢迎，包括六部交响曲、五部钢琴协奏曲、许多室内乐作品和钢琴曲（如F大调旋律）。然而，现在他的许多作品已经从保留剧目中消失。他的弟弟尼古莱（1835-1881）也是钢琴演奏家和教师，曾在1860年代创建莫斯科音乐学校。" ], [ "马上有一场鲁宾斯坦的音乐会，有哪些曲目可能会在音乐会上演出？", @@ -312285,7 +312285,7 @@ "history": [ [ "深海平原abyssal plain深度在10,000～20,000尺（3,000～6,000公尺）的海底区域，一般与大陆毗邻。较大的深海平原可长达几千哩，宽几百哩。这种深海平原在大西洋（Atlantic Ocean）里最大，在印度洋（Indian Ocean）不常见，而在太平洋（Pacific Ocean）则为罕见，主要在缘海附近出现小而平坦海底，或是狭长海沟的沟底。它们被认为是堆积在深海洼地陆地沈积物的上层。\n\n你好! 根据上面的信息，请告诉我什么是深海平原？", - "你好，Human！深海平原是位于海底的一种地貌，其深度一般在10,000～20,000尺（3,000～6,000公尺）。这些平原通常位于大陆边缘附近，并且宽度可以达到几千哩，长度可以达到几百哩。在大西洋中，深海平原是最为广泛的，而在印度洋中则较为少见，在太平洋中则非常罕见。这些深海平原主要出现在缘海附近的小而平坦的海底，或是狭长海沟的沟底。它们的形成是由于陆地沉积物在深海洼地中堆积而形成的。这就是关于深海平原的基本概述。" + "深海平原是位于海底的一种地貌，其深度一般在10,000～20,000尺（3,000～6,000公尺）。这些平原通常位于大陆边缘附近，并且宽度可以达到几千哩，长度可以达到几百哩。在大西洋中，深海平原是最为广泛的，而在印度洋中则较为少见，在太平洋中则非常罕见。这些深海平原主要出现在缘海附近的小而平坦的海底，或是狭长海沟的沟底。它们的形成是由于陆地沉积物在深海洼地中堆积而形成的。这就是关于深海平原的基本概述。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！有没有明显特点可以帮忙我更方便地识别深海平原？", @@ -312953,7 +312953,7 @@ "history": [ [ "霍尔1930年～Hall, Peter (Reginald Frederick)受封为Sir Peter英国戏剧经理与导演。在剑桥大学制作及演出二十余出戏剧后，他加入职业剧团。在伦敦的艺术剧场（1955～1956）时推出欧陆重要剧作在伦敦首演。因制作莎士比亚戏剧而出名，1962～1968担任皇家莎士比亚剧团经理，并长期为该剧团导戏。接下原由奥立佛爵士担任的国家剧院经理（1973～1988）。1988年自组剧团。曾为柯芬园皇家歌剧院和格林德包恩剧院导演过许多歌剧，他还导过多部电影。\n\n你好，我想了解一下Peter Hall（Reginald Frederick Hall）是谁？他有什么成就？", - "你好，Human。Peter Hall（霍尔，全名Reginald Frederick Hall）是一位英国著名的戏剧经理和导演，1930年出生。在剑桥大学时，他已经制作和参演了超过20部戏剧。后来，他加入了职业剧团，开始了他的职业生涯。他在伦敦的艺术剧场（1955～1956）工作期间，推出了许多欧陆重要剧作的伦敦首演。Peter Hall因制作莎士比亚戏剧而出名，1962年至1968年担任皇家莎士比亚剧团经理，并长期为该剧团导戏。1973年至1988年，他担任由奥立佛爵士原来担任的国家剧院经理。1988年，他创建了自己的剧团。此外，Peter Hall还曾为柯芬园皇家歌剧院和格林德包恩剧院导演过许多歌剧，并执导过多部电影。因为他的杰出贡献，后来被封为Sir Peter。" + "Peter Hall（霍尔，全名Reginald Frederick Hall）是一位英国著名的戏剧经理和导演，1930年出生。在剑桥大学时，他已经制作和参演了超过20部戏剧。后来，他加入了职业剧团，开始了他的职业生涯。他在伦敦的艺术剧场（1955～1956）工作期间，推出了许多欧陆重要剧作的伦敦首演。Peter Hall因制作莎士比亚戏剧而出名，1962年至1968年担任皇家莎士比亚剧团经理，并长期为该剧团导戏。1973年至1988年，他担任由奥立佛爵士原来担任的国家剧院经理。1988年，他创建了自己的剧团。此外，Peter Hall还曾为柯芬园皇家歌剧院和格林德包恩剧院导演过许多歌剧，并执导过多部电影。因为他的杰出贡献，后来被封为Sir Peter。" ], [ "他在剑桥大学时期都制作和演出了些什么戏剧？", @@ -313174,7 +313174,7 @@ "history": [ [ "麋鹿elkelk一词又指鹿属（genus Cervus）多种大型动物，尤其是欧洲马鹿（red deer）、喀什米尔鹿（Kashmir stag）、喜马拉雅鹿（Himalayan shou）、美洲赤鹿（wapiti）。Alces alces在欧洲通称麋鹿，在北美称为驼鹿（moose）。elk一词亦可适用于已绝灭的爱尔兰麋（Irish elk）。\n\n我刚刚读了一段关于麋鹿、驼鹿以及其他鹿属动物的介绍，但是我还是有些疑问，能帮我解答一下吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以，我很乐意帮你解答有关麋鹿、驼鹿以及其他鹿属动物的疑问。请问你想问哪些问题呢？" + "当然可以，我很乐意帮你解答有关麋鹿、驼鹿以及其他鹿属动物的疑问。请问你想问哪些问题呢？" ], [ "欧洲马鹿和美洲赤鹿有什么区别呢？", @@ -313915,7 +313915,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿科马Acoma美国新墨西哥州（New Mexico）中西部印第安（Indian）村庄。位于阿布奎基（Albuquerque）西方的保留区，以坯石住房呈阶梯状建在357尺（109公尺）高陡峭的孤山顶部，故有「空中城市」（Sky city）之称。10世纪始有人定居，为美国最古老的连续性居民点。1540年西班牙探险家科罗纳多（Francisco Vazquez de Coronado）说它是世界上最易守难攻的地方。\n\n关于阿科马Acoma村庄，你能提供一下简单的介绍吗？", - "你好，Human！阿科马Acoma是位于美国新墨西哥州中西部的一个印第安村庄。它位于阿布奎基西方的保留区，因为其坯石住房呈阶梯状建在109米高陡峭的孤山顶部，所以有“空中城市”之称。始建于10世纪，被认为是美国最古老的连续性居民点。1540年，西班牙探险家科罗纳多称其为世界上最易守难攻的地方。" + "阿科马Acoma是位于美国新墨西哥州中西部的一个印第安村庄。它位于阿布奎基西方的保留区，因为其坯石住房呈阶梯状建在109米高陡峭的孤山顶部，所以有“空中城市”之称。始建于10世纪，被认为是美国最古老的连续性居民点。1540年，西班牙探险家科罗纳多称其为世界上最易守难攻的地方。" ], [ "阿科马的地理位置有什么特点？", @@ -314246,7 +314246,7 @@ "history": [ [ "白绍拉河Pechora River俄罗斯东北部河流。源自乌拉山脉北部，初向南流，然后折向西、北，后由三角洲注入巴伦支海。全长1,809公里，结冰期从11月初到翌年5月初。流域内有大型煤田、油田和天然气田。\n\n你好，请问白绍拉河（Pechora River）是哪个国家的河流？", - "你好，Human！白绍拉河（Pechora River）是俄罗斯东北部的一条河流。如果你对这条河流有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" + "白绍拉河（Pechora River）是俄罗斯东北部的一条河流。如果你对这条河流有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "能否告诉我白绍拉河的来源以及它主要的流向？", @@ -314486,7 +314486,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣维克托修道院的于格1096～1141年Hugh of St-Victor经院神学家，在巴黎创立圣维克托奥秘神学派的传统。因受圣奥古斯丁和大法官丢尼修的影响，献身于自然神学。他的神学被收录于托马斯阿奎那的着作中。\n\n你好，请问圣维克托修道院的于格的主要贡献是什么？", - "你好，Human。于格（Hugh of St-Victor）是圣维克托修道院（St-Victor Monastery）的一位著名的经院神学家。他活跃于1096至1141年，他的主要贡献是在巴黎创立圣维克托奥秘神学派的传统。这个学派的理念主要受到圣奥古斯丁和大法官丢尼修的影响，关注于自然神学的研究。于格的神学成果被收录于著名哲学家托马斯阿奎那的著作中，这也反映了他的影响力。" + "于格（Hugh of St-Victor）是圣维克托修道院（St-Victor Monastery）的一位著名的经院神学家。他活跃于1096至1141年，他的主要贡献是在巴黎创立圣维克托奥秘神学派的传统。这个学派的理念主要受到圣奥古斯丁和大法官丢尼修的影响，关注于自然神学的研究。于格的神学成果被收录于著名哲学家托马斯阿奎那的著作中，这也反映了他的影响力。" ], [ "于格的奥秘神学派具体讲了哪些内容？", @@ -314543,7 +314543,7 @@ "history": [ [ "底特律河Detroit River美国密西根州东南部河流。形成密西根州和安大略省边界之一段，连结圣克莱尔湖（Lake St Clair）和伊利湖（Lake Erie）。该河往南流经底特律和安大略省温莎（Windsor），两市之间有一座桥梁和隧道连接。河中大岛有贝尔岛（Belle Isle，底特律市立公园）、格罗塞岛（Grosse Ile，为住宅区，有一座机场）和属于安大略省的法廷岛（Fighting Island）。游船和五大湖（Great Lakes）货船使用该河运输频繁。\n\n请问底特律河位于哪个国家和地区？", - "你好，Human。底特律河位于美国密西根州东南部。它在密西根州和加拿大安大略省之间形成边界，连结圣克莱尔湖（Lake St Clair）和伊利湖（Lake Erie）。这样的位置使得底特律河成为这两个地区之间的重要水道。" + "底特律河位于美国密西根州东南部。它在密西根州和加拿大安大略省之间形成边界，连结圣克莱尔湖（Lake St Clair）和伊利湖（Lake Erie）。这样的位置使得底特律河成为这两个地区之间的重要水道。" ], [ "那底特律河上有哪些著名的城市？", @@ -314658,7 +314658,7 @@ "history": [ [ "何西阿Hosea活动时期约西元前8世纪《旧约》中十二小先知的首位，传统上认为是〈何西阿书〉的作者。（他的预言书在犹太教正典中是较大的「十二先知书」〔The Twelve〕的一部分）。何西阿在以色列国王耶罗波安二世（Jeroboam II）在位期间开始预言，其活动一直延续到以色列国灭亡之时（西元前721年）。此书的主题是先知以娶了一个妓女或荡妇为妻来隐喻耶和华怜悯以色列人。这种混乱关系表示以色列人背弃了上帝，他们「玩弄了妓女」等于蔑视了迦南的宗教。\n\n你好，请根据上述信息，简要介绍一下何西阿是谁？", - "你好，Human！何西阿是《旧约》中十二小先知的首位，他的活动时期约为公元前8世纪。他传统上被认为是《何西阿书》的作者，该书在犹太教正典中是较大的「十二先知书」的一部分。何西阿在以色列国王耶罗波安二世在位期间开始预言，其活动一直延续到以色列国灭亡之时（公元前721年）。此书的主题是先知以娶了一个妓女或荡妇为妻，隐喻耶和华怜悯以色列人。这种混乱关系表示以色列人背弃了上帝，他们「玩弄了妓女」等于蔑视了迦南的宗教。" + "何西阿是《旧约》中十二小先知的首位，他的活动时期约为公元前8世纪。他传统上被认为是《何西阿书》的作者，该书在犹太教正典中是较大的「十二先知书」的一部分。何西阿在以色列国王耶罗波安二世在位期间开始预言，其活动一直延续到以色列国灭亡之时（公元前721年）。此书的主题是先知以娶了一个妓女或荡妇为妻，隐喻耶和华怜悯以色列人。这种混乱关系表示以色列人背弃了上帝，他们「玩弄了妓女」等于蔑视了迦南的宗教。" ], [ "为什么何西阿会娶一个妓女作为妻子？", @@ -315342,7 +315342,7 @@ "history": [ [ "雷格1873～1916年Reger, (Johann Baptist Joseph) Max(imilian)德国作曲家和管风琴演奏家。当地的管风琴手秘密地把他的一些作品送给黎曼（1849～1919）看，黎曼就收雷格为学生并让他当助手。后来成为歌曲、钢琴曲、尤其是管风琴乐曲的多产作曲家。他的音乐结合了进步与保守两方面的要素，常有较高的半音应用。比起其他地方，他的作品在德国更受欢迎。\n\n你好，请问雷格是谁？", - "你好，Human！雷格（Reger, (Johann Baptist Joseph) Max(imilian)）是一位生活在1873-1916年的德国作曲家和管风琴演奏家。他因创作歌曲、钢琴曲和管风琴乐曲而著名，他的音乐作品结合了进步与保守两方面的要素，半音应用较多。雷格的作品在德国尤为受欢迎。" + "雷格（Reger, (Johann Baptist Joseph) Max(imilian)）是一位生活在1873-1916年的德国作曲家和管风琴演奏家。他因创作歌曲、钢琴曲和管风琴乐曲而著名，他的音乐作品结合了进步与保守两方面的要素，半音应用较多。雷格的作品在德国尤为受欢迎。" ], [ "雷格是如何跟黎曼结缘的？", @@ -315418,7 +315418,7 @@ "history": [ [ "华莱士Wallace, Mike原名Myron Leon（生于1918年）美国电视访谈节目主持人、记者出生于麻州布鲁克莱，自1939年起在广播公司担任播音员及新闻播报员，1946年起转任电视圈。曾在1950年代主持不少电视益智节目。1963年投效CBS担任记者。1968年历史悠久的《六十分钟》（60 Minutes）首播时也担任编辑。最为人所知的是强势逼人的访问风格，曾多次获得葛莱美奖。\n\n请问华莱士（原名Myron Leon Wallace，生于1918年）这位美国电视访谈节目主持人和记者，他的成名是从哪一年开始的呀？", - "你好，Human！华莱士的职业生涯可以追溯到1939年，当时他在广播公司担任播音员和新闻播报员。他在1946年进入电视行业，之后通过主持一系列电视节目逐渐崭露头角。1963年，他加入了CBS担任记者，这也是他在新闻界崛起的重要时期。至此华莱士的名字在新闻界已声名鹊起。" + "华莱士的职业生涯可以追溯到1939年，当时他在广播公司担任播音员和新闻播报员。他在1946年进入电视行业，之后通过主持一系列电视节目逐渐崭露头角。1963年，他加入了CBS担任记者，这也是他在新闻界崛起的重要时期。至此华莱士的名字在新闻界已声名鹊起。" ], [ "哇，他的经历真的很丰富。请问他在CBS担任记者这段时间做了哪些重要的事情呢？", @@ -315543,11 +315543,11 @@ { "instruction": "好的，感谢你的回答。我明白了。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能帮助你了解英格尔伍德这个城市。如果你还有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时问我。祝你生活愉快！", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能帮助你了解英格尔伍德这个城市。如果你还有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时问我。祝你生活愉快！", "history": [ [ "英格尔伍德Inglewood美国加州西南部城市。位于洛杉矶西南方。丹尼尔佛里门于1873年在此定居，1887年由桑提内拉－英格尔伍德土地公司规画，1908年设建制。后随洛杉矶大都会区发展而发展。设有好莱坞公园赛马场。人口约111,040（1996）。\n\n能告诉我英格尔伍德这个城市的基本情况吗？", - "你好，Human！英格尔伍德（Inglewood）是美国加州西南部的一个城市，位于洛杉矶的西南方。这个城市可以追溯到1873年，当时丹尼尔佛里门在此定居。后来，于1887年由桑提内拉－英格尔伍德土地公司进行规划，并在1908年设立了自己的政府。随着洛杉矶大都会区的发展，英格尔伍德也得到了发展。其中，好莱坞公园赛马场是该市的一个知名景点。据1996年的统计数据，英格尔伍德的人口约为111,040。" + "英格尔伍德（Inglewood）是美国加州西南部的一个城市，位于洛杉矶的西南方。这个城市可以追溯到1873年，当时丹尼尔佛里门在此定居。后来，于1887年由桑提内拉－英格尔伍德土地公司进行规划，并在1908年设立了自己的政府。随着洛杉矶大都会区的发展，英格尔伍德也得到了发展。其中，好莱坞公园赛马场是该市的一个知名景点。据1996年的统计数据，英格尔伍德的人口约为111,040。" ], [ "那英格尔伍德的发展主要受到哪方面的影响呢？", @@ -315806,7 +315806,7 @@ "history": [ [ "青鳕pollack亦称pollock鳕科两种具重要经济价值的北大西洋食用鱼类。学名Pollachius virens或Gadus virens，在欧洲被称为saithe或coalfish。深绿色，腹部色淡。具一短小颏须（肉质隆起）、3背鳍和2臀鳍。肉食性，活泼，常集群，体长可达约11公尺，重16公斤。另一种类狭鳕明太鱼（Theragra chalcogramma），与青鳕非常相似。\n\n请问青鳕和狭鳕明太鱼有什么区别？", - "你好，Human。根据你提供的信息，青鳕（学名Pollachius virens或Gadus virens）和狭鳕明太鱼（学名Theragra chalcogramma）都是北大西洋的食用鱼类。二者具有较重要的经济价值，但还是存在一些区别。青鳕也被称为saithe或coalfish，体长可达约11公尺，重16公斤，呈深绿色，腹部色淡，具有一短小颏须（肉质隆起）、三背鳍和两臀鳍，是一种肉食性且活泼的鱼类，常有集群现象。而狭鳕明太鱼与青鳕非常相似，但并未提供具体特征描述。这些区别可以帮助你在观察和了解这两种鱼类时作出区分。" + "根据你提供的信息，青鳕（学名Pollachius virens或Gadus virens）和狭鳕明太鱼（学名Theragra chalcogramma）都是北大西洋的食用鱼类。二者具有较重要的经济价值，但还是存在一些区别。青鳕也被称为saithe或coalfish，体长可达约11公尺，重16公斤，呈深绿色，腹部色淡，具有一短小颏须（肉质隆起）、三背鳍和两臀鳍，是一种肉食性且活泼的鱼类，常有集群现象。而狭鳕明太鱼与青鳕非常相似，但并未提供具体特征描述。这些区别可以帮助你在观察和了解这两种鱼类时作出区分。" ], [ "明白了。那么青鳕的生活习性和生物特征是什么？", @@ -315882,7 +315882,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瓣蹼鹬phalarope形目瓣蹼鹬科3种滨鸟。颈细，体长约20～25公分，足具蹼，喙细长而直。在夏季，其灰白色羽衣上具红色斑点。雌鸟进行占区争斗和作求偶表态，体型较小且体色较不鲜艳的雄鸟则负担孵卵任务，并在秋季带领幼鸟向南迁飞。有两个种类繁殖于北极圈周围，于热带海洋中越冬，在该处被称为sea snipe。三色瓣蹼鹬（Steganopus tricolor）繁殖于北美洲西部，主要迁徙到阿根廷彭巴草原。\n\n你好，请问你对瓣蹼鹬这种鸟有了解吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解瓣蹼鹬。它们属于瓣蹼鹬科，共有3种滨鸟，体长约20～25公分。瓣蹼鹬颈部细长，足具蹼，喙细长而直。在夏季，其灰白色的羽衣上具有红色斑点。如果你对瓣蹼鹬有其他问题，欢迎继续提问。" + "我了解瓣蹼鹬。它们属于瓣蹼鹬科，共有3种滨鸟，体长约20～25公分。瓣蹼鹬颈部细长，足具蹼，喙细长而直。在夏季，其灰白色的羽衣上具有红色斑点。如果你对瓣蹼鹬有其他问题，欢迎继续提问。" ], [ "瓣蹼鹬雌雄鸟的行为有什么特点呢？", @@ -316103,7 +316103,7 @@ "history": [ [ "班迪内利1493～1560年Bandinelli, Baccio义大利佛罗伦斯雕刻家和画家。最初曾随其父学做金饰，但很快成为麦迪奇宫廷的主要雕刻家之一。他经常不能完成受委托的作品，切利尼和瓦萨里曾控告他心怀妒忌，而且不称职。人们对他的印象是他那不受欢迎的性格，而非其作品的品质。最着名的雕塑是塞诺利亚广场上的《海格立斯和凯克斯》（1534）。\n\n请问班迪内利是在哪个时期的艺术家？", - "你好，Human。班迪内利（Baccio Bandinelli）是一位意大利佛罗伦斯的雕刻家和画家，他活跃于1493年到1560年。所以，他主要是在文艺复兴时期的艺术家。" + "班迪内利（Baccio Bandinelli）是一位意大利佛罗伦斯的雕刻家和画家，他活跃于1493年到1560年。所以，他主要是在文艺复兴时期的艺术家。" ], [ "那么他的艺术生涯是如何开始的？", @@ -316164,7 +316164,7 @@ "history": [ [ "甲壳动物crustacean节肢动物门甲壳动物亚门近三万种无脊椎动物，包括虾、蟹、龙虾、藤壶等。世界性分布，大部分海生，某些（如大多数螯虾）生活于淡水生境，另一些（如沙蚤、陆蟹、潮虫）栖于潮湿的陆地环境。典型的甲壳动物成体的身体由许多体节组成，或分节明显，或部分愈合。前四个体节与前分节区（原头区）愈合形成头部。口前方的两节有两对附肢，其用途在成体为司感觉，在幼体为游泳和取食；口后方的体节上的附肢称为颚。头胸甲（背甲）始于下颚体节，各目之间的厚度和形态差异极大。头胸甲质坚硬者，必须定期脱落，以免妨碍生长。许多海生的甲壳动物为食腐动物，很多种（如桡足类、磷虾）也是其他动物（包括人类）的重要食物来源。\n\n关于甲壳动物，我有一些疑问。首先，他们有什么主要的分类？", - "你好，Human！甲壳动物是世界性分布的无脊椎动物，其中包括许多常见的水生动物，如虾、蟹、龙虾和藤壶等。他们主要分布在海洋环境中，但也有一些生活在淡水生境，如大多数螯虾；还有一些生活在潮湿的陆地环境，如沙蚤、陆蟹和潮虫。由于有近三万种甲壳动物，它们具有较高的多样性，但根据生活方式和生态位，我们可以将它们分为几个主要的分类。" + "甲壳动物是世界性分布的无脊椎动物，其中包括许多常见的水生动物，如虾、蟹、龙虾和藤壶等。他们主要分布在海洋环境中，但也有一些生活在淡水生境，如大多数螯虾；还有一些生活在潮湿的陆地环境，如沙蚤、陆蟹和潮虫。由于有近三万种甲壳动物，它们具有较高的多样性，但根据生活方式和生态位，我们可以将它们分为几个主要的分类。" ], [ "接下来，请告诉我一些甲壳动物的生理特征和功能。", @@ -316652,7 +316652,7 @@ "history": [ [ "查士丁尼法典Justinian, Code of指拜占庭皇帝查士丁尼一世主持下于529～565年完成的法律和法律解释的汇编。严格说来，它并不构成一部新法典，只不过是查士丁尼法学家委员会搜集过去法律的汇编和对罗马大法学家意见的摘录；此外还有法律基本纲要以及查士丁尼自己所立新法的汇编。\n\n我想了解一下查士丁尼法典是如何形成的？", - "你好，Human。查士丁尼法典是在拜占庭皇帝查士丁尼一世的主持下，于529年到565年之间完成的一部法律和法律解释的汇编。查士丁尼一世成立了一个法学家委员会来搜集过去的法律，并对罗马大法学家的意见进行摘录。此外，查士丁尼法典还包括法律基本纲要和皇帝本人所立的新法汇编。虽然严格说来它并不构成一部新法典，但它是当时的一个重要的法律汇编项目。" + "查士丁尼法典是在拜占庭皇帝查士丁尼一世的主持下，于529年到565年之间完成的一部法律和法律解释的汇编。查士丁尼一世成立了一个法学家委员会来搜集过去的法律，并对罗马大法学家的意见进行摘录。此外，查士丁尼法典还包括法律基本纲要和皇帝本人所立的新法汇编。虽然严格说来它并不构成一部新法典，但它是当时的一个重要的法律汇编项目。" ], [ "查士丁尼法典所涵盖的主要法律领域有哪些？", @@ -317175,7 +317175,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大西洋城Atlantic City美国新泽西州东南部游览胜地（1996年人口约38,000）。位于狭长的阿布西肯岛（Absecon Island）上。愉悦长堤和海滨小道于1870年修筑完成。19世纪中期发展成旅游城市。1921年开始在这里举行美国小姐选美会。第二次世界大战后开始没落，1978年该州批准赌博合法化，促进了大西洋城的发展，但是附近地区仍很贫穷。\n\n我想了解一下大西洋城的历史发展，特别是它是如何从19世纪中期发展成旅游城市的？", - "你好，Human！大西洋城位于美国新泽西州东南部的狭长阿布西肯岛上。在19世纪中期，随着愉悦长堤和海滨小道于1870年修筑完成，大西洋城开始逐渐发展成一个旅游胜地。这些设施吸引了许多游客前来度假，使得大西洋城开始崛起。" + "大西洋城位于美国新泽西州东南部的狭长阿布西肯岛上。在19世纪中期，随着愉悦长堤和海滨小道于1870年修筑完成，大西洋城开始逐渐发展成一个旅游胜地。这些设施吸引了许多游客前来度假，使得大西洋城开始崛起。" ], [ "大西洋城举行的美国小姐选美会对其旅游业有什么影响？", @@ -317426,7 +317426,7 @@ "history": [ [ "安赫尔瀑布Angel Falls委内瑞拉东南部的瀑布。位于波利瓦尔城东南的卡罗尼河支流丘伦河上。落差979公尺，底宽150公尺，为世界最高的瀑布。瀑布以美国人詹姆斯安赫尔的名字命名，1937年他的飞机坠落在附近。\n\n你好，请你根据这段信息，告诉我安赫尔瀑布位于哪个国家？", - "你好，Human！根据这段信息，安赫尔瀑布位于南美洲的一个国家，叫做委内瑞拉。它位于委内瑞拉东南部地区。如果你需要更多关于安赫尔瀑布的信息，欢迎随时向我咨询。" + "根据这段信息，安赫尔瀑布位于南美洲的一个国家，叫做委内瑞拉。它位于委内瑞拉东南部地区。如果你需要更多关于安赫尔瀑布的信息，欢迎随时向我咨询。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。安赫尔瀑布有什么特别之处呢？", @@ -317578,7 +317578,7 @@ "history": [ [ "MTVMTV全名音乐电视（Music Television）美国有线电视网路，建立于1980年，演出新摇滚乐音乐家及歌手的录影节目。MTV受到全世界摇滚乐迷的拥戴，对流行音乐产业影响极大。不久之后，几乎所有重要的流行或摇滚表演者都制作录影带在MTV上放映，收看这些节目直接影响的将来的销售。MTV隶属媒体集团维康公司。\n\n请问MTV是什么？", - "你好，Human！MTV是音乐电视（Music Television）的简称，它是一个美国有线电视网络，成立于1980年。MTV主要以播放新摇滚乐音乐家和歌手的录像节目为特色，对全球摇滚乐迷产生了巨大的吸引力。由于MTV对流行音乐产业产生了较大的影响，所以几乎所有重要的流行或摇滚表演者都会为MTV制作专属录像带。MTV隶属于维康公司。" + "MTV是音乐电视（Music Television）的简称，它是一个美国有线电视网络，成立于1980年。MTV主要以播放新摇滚乐音乐家和歌手的录像节目为特色，对全球摇滚乐迷产生了巨大的吸引力。由于MTV对流行音乐产业产生了较大的影响，所以几乎所有重要的流行或摇滚表演者都会为MTV制作专属录像带。MTV隶属于维康公司。" ], [ "哇，听起来很酷！MTV对于流行音乐产业的影响具体有哪些？", @@ -317662,7 +317662,7 @@ "history": [ [ "别林斯基1811～1848年Belinsky, Vissarion (Grigoryevich)俄国文学批评家。1832年被莫斯科大学开除后，担任新闻记者，以剖析民族主义教条的评论性文章闻名。他主张文学应表达出对政治和社会的看法，对当代苏维埃文学评论影响很大，常被称为俄国激进知识分子之父。\n\n你好，我想了解一下别林斯基的一些信息，他在什么时期活跃？他的主要成就是什么？", - "你好，Human！别林斯基（Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky）是一位俄国文学批评家，活跃于1811年到1848年这一时期。他的主要成就在于担任新闻记者后，以剖析民族主义教条的评论性文章闻名。他主张文学应表达出对政治和社会的看法，对当代苏维埃文学评论影响很大，被称为俄国激进知识分子之父。" + "别林斯基（Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky）是一位俄国文学批评家，活跃于1811年到1848年这一时期。他的主要成就在于担任新闻记者后，以剖析民族主义教条的评论性文章闻名。他主张文学应表达出对政治和社会的看法，对当代苏维埃文学评论影响很大，被称为俄国激进知识分子之父。" ], [ "能介绍一下他的教育背景吗？", @@ -317742,7 +317742,7 @@ "history": [ [ "塞杰斯塔Segesta西西里西北部古城，位于今卡拉塔菲米（Calatafimi）附近。为艾利米人的主要城市，其居民照推测应为特洛伊人的后代（参阅Troy）。塞杰斯塔人的文化原为希腊文化，但他们通常站在迦太基人一边，对抗其希腊邻居，并常与塞利努斯发生边界纠纷。在第一次布匿战争之初，塞杰斯塔曾与罗马结盟。这里的遗址包括一个保存尚好的西元前3世纪的剧院和西元前5世纪的阿提米丝神庙。\n\n我想了解西西里岛上一个叫做塞杰斯塔（Segesta）的古城市，这个地方在哪里？", - "你好，Human！塞杰斯塔是位于西西里西北部的古城，现在被称为卡拉塔菲米（Calatafimi）附近。这是一个具有丰富历史背景的地方。" + "塞杰斯塔是位于西西里西北部的古城，现在被称为卡拉塔菲米（Calatafimi）附近。这是一个具有丰富历史背景的地方。" ], [ "塞杰斯塔的原居民是谁？", @@ -317952,7 +317952,7 @@ "history": [ [ "厄洛斯Eros希腊宗教里的爱神。赫西奥德（Hesiod）称他是混沌（Chaos）的儿子，一位原始的神。但后来传说他是司性爱和美貌的女神爱芙罗黛蒂的儿子。相当于在罗马神话中的丘比特（Cupid）。厄洛斯被描述成手持弓箭，长着翅膀的美貌青年；在后来的诗歌和艺术中，但后来日益年轻，最后变成一个婴儿。他的主要崇拜中心是塞斯比（Thespiae），而在雅典是和阿佛洛乎忒共享圣坛。\n\n请问厄洛斯是希腊神话中的哪位神？", - "你好，Human！厄洛斯（Eros），在希腊宗教中被视为爱神。在不同的神话版本中，他被认为是混沌（Chaos）的儿子，也有版本说他是爱与美貌的女神爱芙罗黛蒂（Aphrodite）的儿子。在罗马神话中，他与丘比特（Cupid）相对应。" + "厄洛斯（Eros），在希腊宗教中被视为爱神。在不同的神话版本中，他被认为是混沌（Chaos）的儿子，也有版本说他是爱与美貌的女神爱芙罗黛蒂（Aphrodite）的儿子。在罗马神话中，他与丘比特（Cupid）相对应。" ], [ "谢谢回答。他有什么特点吗？", @@ -318020,7 +318020,7 @@ "history": [ [ "德里Derry亦作伦敦德里（Londonderry）。北爱尔兰（Northern Ireland）西北部的一个区（1995年人口约103,00）。1984年改名为德里。也是1609年英格兰殖民地区一个传统郡的名字。1973年重组行政区域，把这个地区分成几个区，包括德里。它与爱尔兰共和国（Irish Republic）和福伊尔（Lough Foyle）相邻，中心在海港城市德里（Derry）周围。1969年旧城与邻近地区在行政上合并。1973年成为北爱尔兰26个行政区之一。\n\n你好，请问德里Derry和伦敦德里（Londonderry）有什么关系？", - "你好，Human！德里（Derry）和伦敦德里（Londonderry）实际上是同一个地方的两个不同名称。这个地区位于北爱尔兰西北部。1984年该地区的名称由伦敦德里（Londonderry）改为德里（Derry）。" + "德里（Derry）和伦敦德里（Londonderry）实际上是同一个地方的两个不同名称。这个地区位于北爱尔兰西北部。1984年该地区的名称由伦敦德里（Londonderry）改为德里（Derry）。" ], [ "德里的地理位置如何？", @@ -318104,7 +318104,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蒙达诸语言Munda languages与孟－高棉诸语言同属南亚诸语言，约有十七种语言的语系。使用于印度、孟加拉国和尼泊尔等地，使用者逾700万人，大多居住在丘陵和森林地区的部落。其中较为重要的包括桑塔尔语，有400多万居住在奥里萨邦北部、比哈尔邦南部和东部、孟加拉西北部以及尼泊尔和阿萨姆邦交界地的使用者；荷语，约有75万使用者，主要分布在比哈尔邦和奥里萨邦；蒙达里语，约有85万使用者，分散在印度东北部；以及处在最西部的科尔库语，约有32万使用者，主要居住在中央邦南部和马哈拉施特拉邦北部。蒙达诸语言与其他南亚诸语言的区别在于其语形学的复杂性和采用主语－宾语－谓语的语序，而不是主语－谓语－宾语的语序。\n\n你好，请问蒙达诸语言是哪个地区的语言？", - "你好，Human！蒙达诸语言是南亚的一组语言，主要使用于印度、孟加拉国和尼泊尔等地。使用者逾700万人，大多数居住在丘陵和森林地区的部落。所以可以说，它们主要分布在南亚地区。" + "蒙达诸语言是南亚的一组语言，主要使用于印度、孟加拉国和尼泊尔等地。使用者逾700万人，大多数居住在丘陵和森林地区的部落。所以可以说，它们主要分布在南亚地区。" ], [ "能否介绍一下蒙达诸语言有哪些主要的语言？", @@ -318123,11 +318123,11 @@ "history": [ [ "约翰逊1780～1850年Johnson, Richard M(entor)美国政治家。在肯塔基州从事法律工作，后被选入美国众议院（1807～1819，1829～1837）。在1812年战争中他是陆军上校，在泰晤士河战役中他光荣地杀死了特库姆塞，而自己也受了伤。他重回国会，后又当选为参议员（1819～1829）。他忠诚地支持杰克森总统，而在1836年的选举中，杰克森也提名约翰逊为范布伦的竞选伙伴。四位副总统候选人都没有取得选票的多数。最后由参议院决定结果，这是美国历史上唯一的一次，约翰逊担任了一届副总统之职。\n\n请问这段文字是关于美国政治家理查德·门托·约翰逊（Richard M. Johnson）的简介吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，这段文字介绍了美国政治家理查德·门托·约翰逊（Richard M. Johnson）的生平，他活跃于1780年至1850年之间。根据这段文字，他曾在肯塔基州从事法律工作，后来成为美国众议院和参议院的议员。在1812年战争期间，他曾作为陆军上校参战，并在泰晤士河战役中立下战功。他忠实地支持总统杰克森，并在1836年的选举中担任范布伦的竞选伙伴。最后，他在一场特殊的参议院决定中当选为副总统，这在美国历史上是唯一的一次。" + "是的，这段文字介绍了美国政治家理查德·门托·约翰逊（Richard M. Johnson）的生平，他活跃于1780年至1850年之间。根据这段文字，他曾在肯塔基州从事法律工作，后来成为美国众议院和参议院的议员。在1812年战争期间，他曾作为陆军上校参战，并在泰晤士河战役中立下战功。他忠实地支持总统杰克森，并在1836年的选举中担任范布伦的竞选伙伴。最后，他在一场特殊的参议院决定中当选为副总统，这在美国历史上是唯一的一次。" ], [ "谢谢。他在哪个时期担任过美国众议院议员？", - "很高兴为您解答，Human。根据这段描述，理查德·门托·约翰逊在两个不同时期担任过美国众议院议员。第一个时期是1807年至1819年，第二个时期是1829年至1837年。在担任众议员期间，他积极参与政治活动，并在1812年战争中作为陆军上校为国家立下殊荣。" + "很高兴为您解答。根据这段描述，理查德·门托·约翰逊在两个不同时期担任过美国众议院议员。第一个时期是1807年至1819年，第二个时期是1829年至1837年。在担任众议员期间，他积极参与政治活动，并在1812年战争中作为陆军上校为国家立下殊荣。" ], [ "那么他在1812年战争中的主要贡献是什么？", @@ -318497,7 +318497,7 @@ "history": [ [ "皮喀第Picardy法语作Picardie法国北部历史区。1790年以前该区的周围边界为多佛海峡、阿图瓦、法兰德斯、香槟、诺曼第以及英吉利海峡。13世纪时，该地区包括亚眠诺瓦（Amienois）和韦芒杜瓦（Vermandois）的伯爵领地，1185年起都由腓力二世并入法国王室。1435年并入勃艮地地区，1482年成为法国一省。在两次世界大战中，该区都是战事激烈的战场所在，尤其是1916年的第一次索姆河战役。\n\n你好，请告诉我皮喀第（Picardy）的地理位置和它的周围边界。", - "你好，Human！皮喀第（Picardy，法语作Picardie）是法国北部的一个历史区。根据1790年以前的划分，该区的周围边界包括多佛海峡、阿图瓦、法兰德斯、香槟、诺曼第以及英吉利海峡。这个地区有着丰富的历史，因此了解它有助于更好地理解法国的历史地理发展。" + "皮喀第（Picardy，法语作Picardie）是法国北部的一个历史区。根据1790年以前的划分，该区的周围边界包括多佛海峡、阿图瓦、法兰德斯、香槟、诺曼第以及英吉利海峡。这个地区有着丰富的历史，因此了解它有助于更好地理解法国的历史地理发展。" ], [ "这个地区在历史上曾包括哪些伯爵领地？", @@ -319023,7 +319023,7 @@ "history": [ [ "刨床planer一种金属切削机床，工件固定在单刃刀具下作往复运动的水平工作台上。刀具夹持装置安装在横梁上，刀具通过工作台时可以作小量的侧向运动。由于刀具几乎能以任何角度移动，它能刨削各种各样的沟槽和平面。机械刨床或平面刨床，还可以把光滑木材刨到同一厚度。刨床和牛头刨床的作用是同样的，但能够将工件加工到15公尺的长度。\n\n你好，请问刨床和其它金属切削机床有什么不同之处？", - "你好，Human！刨床是一种金属切削机床，其特点是工件固定在单刃刀具下的水平工作台上作往复运动。刀具夹持装置安装在横梁上，刀具通过工作台时能做出一定量的侧向运动。刨床能以任何角度切削各种沟槽和平面。与其他金属切削机床相比，刨床的主要特点是工件在水平工作台上往复运动，而其他机床如车床、铣床则是刀具和工件相互运动来完成切削过程。" + "刨床是一种金属切削机床，其特点是工件固定在单刃刀具下的水平工作台上作往复运动。刀具夹持装置安装在横梁上，刀具通过工作台时能做出一定量的侧向运动。刨床能以任何角度切削各种沟槽和平面。与其他金属切削机床相比，刨床的主要特点是工件在水平工作台上往复运动，而其他机床如车床、铣床则是刀具和工件相互运动来完成切削过程。" ], [ "能详细介绍一下刨床有哪些应用吗？", @@ -319278,7 +319278,7 @@ "history": [ [ "度母Tara亦称救度母或多罗母。佛教所崇奉的普渡众生的女菩萨，她有多种相。在尼泊尔、西藏和蒙古她有众多的崇敬者。与男性菩萨观世音相对应。据说观世音滴泪成湖，湖中长出一朵莲花，莲花开放现出度母菩萨。她保佑旅人和朝圣者。在其典型艺术化身中，她手持一朵莲花并生有三只眼睛。人们用多种色彩表现她以反映她的神通广大。\n\n请问度母Tara，救度母或多罗母在佛教中有什么地位？", - "你好，Human！度母Tara在佛教中被视为一位普渡众生的女菩萨，她享有很高的地位。她在尼泊尔、西藏和蒙古等地区有众多的崇敬者，人们信仰她能保佑并帮助旅行者与朝圣者。同时，她与男性菩萨观世音相对应，她的诞生是由观世音滴泪成湖，湖中生出莲花，莲花绽放后现出度母菩萨的形象。" + "度母Tara在佛教中被视为一位普渡众生的女菩萨，她享有很高的地位。她在尼泊尔、西藏和蒙古等地区有众多的崇敬者，人们信仰她能保佑并帮助旅行者与朝圣者。同时，她与男性菩萨观世音相对应，她的诞生是由观世音滴泪成湖，湖中生出莲花，莲花绽放后现出度母菩萨的形象。" ], [ "那什么是度母Tara的典型艺术化身呢？", @@ -319495,7 +319495,7 @@ "history": [ [ "白哲特1826～1877年Bagehot, Walter英国经济学家、政论家和新闻工作者。在其舅父的银行工作期间，曾写了一系列文学论文和经济方面的文章，从而进入《经济学人》。1860年起担任《经济学人》的编辑，并使其成为世界第一流的商业和政治期刊。经典之作《英国宪法》（1867）描述了英国政治体系在幕后如何真正地运作。其他着作包括《物理学与政治》（1872），是最早提出社会变革这一概念的作品之一；以及《隆巴特大街》（1873），该书研究了银行的运作方法。其文学论文现今仍不断地再版。\n\n请问你能给我简单介绍一下英国经济学家、政论家和新闻工作者白哲特（Walter Bagehot）吗？", - "你好，Human。当然可以。白哲特（Walter Bagehot，1826-1877年）是一位英国经济学家、政论家和新闻工作者。他曾在其舅父的银行工作期间，通过撰写一系列文学论文和经济方面的文章而进入《经济学人》。从1860年开始，他担任《经济学人》的编辑，使这份期刊成为世界一流的商业和政治杂志。他在1867年写的经典著作《英国宪法》描绘了英国政治体系的真实运作。此外，他的另两部著作分别是1872年的《物理学与政治》和1873年的《隆巴特大街》。" + "当然可以。白哲特（Walter Bagehot，1826-1877年）是一位英国经济学家、政论家和新闻工作者。他曾在其舅父的银行工作期间，通过撰写一系列文学论文和经济方面的文章而进入《经济学人》。从1860年开始，他担任《经济学人》的编辑，使这份期刊成为世界一流的商业和政治杂志。他在1867年写的经典著作《英国宪法》描绘了英国政治体系的真实运作。此外，他的另两部著作分别是1872年的《物理学与政治》和1873年的《隆巴特大街》。" ], [ "请你帮我解释一下《英国宪法》这部著作的内容以及影响。", @@ -319514,7 +319514,7 @@ "history": [ [ "婆利睹梨诃利570?～651?年Bhartrhari印度的印度教哲学家、诗人和语法学家。出身贵族，据说曾七次尝试出家去过寺院生活，最终成为一名瑜伽师，搬进乌贾因附近的洞穴里。《词学》是一部论述语言哲学的重要着作。他还写了三本诗集，每本包含一百首诗，这三本诗集是《恋爱百颂》、《处世百颂》和《离欲百颂》。他的《巴特蒂诗》演示了梵文的精妙。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我一下婆利睹梨诃利是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！婆利睹梨诃利，即Bhartrhari，生活在公元570年至651年之间，是印度的一位印度教哲学家、诗人和语法学家。他出身于贵族家庭，据说曾尝试七次出家过寺院生活。最终，他成为了一名瑜伽师，并在乌贾因附近的一个洞穴里居住。他的主要作品有《词学》和三个诗集《恋爱百颂》、《处世百颂》以及《离欲百颂》。他的《巴特蒂诗》展示了梵文的精妙之处。" + "婆利睹梨诃利，即Bhartrhari，生活在公元570年至651年之间，是印度的一位印度教哲学家、诗人和语法学家。他出身于贵族家庭，据说曾尝试七次出家过寺院生活。最终，他成为了一名瑜伽师，并在乌贾因附近的一个洞穴里居住。他的主要作品有《词学》和三个诗集《恋爱百颂》、《处世百颂》以及《离欲百颂》。他的《巴特蒂诗》展示了梵文的精妙之处。" ], [ "请简要介绍一下他的《词学》这部作品。", @@ -319979,7 +319979,7 @@ "history": [ [ "普利文1901～1993年Pleven, René法国政治人物，两次任总理（1950～1951、1951～1952）。早先为律师和企业管理者，战时在戴高乐政府任职（1940～1945）。1945年被选入国民议会，和密特朗一起建立了民主社会抵抗联盟，1946～1953年任联盟主席。战后多次任内阁职务，包括国防部长（1949～1950、1952～1954）。他提出了普利文计画，建立统一的欧洲军队，但根据该计画建立的欧洲防卫集团于1954年失败。1969～1973年任司法部长。\n\n请问普利文是法国的哪位政治家？", - "你好，Human！普利文是指René Pleven（1901-1993），他是一位法国政治家。他曾两次担任法国总理，分别是在1950-1951年和1951-1952年。" + "普利文是指René Pleven（1901-1993），他是一位法国政治家。他曾两次担任法国总理，分别是在1950-1951年和1951-1952年。" ], [ "谢谢解答！普利文在战时担任了哪些职务？", @@ -320977,7 +320977,7 @@ "history": [ [ "查理十一世1655～1697年Charles XI瑞典语作Karl瑞典国王（1660～1697）。查理十世古斯塔夫的独生子。五岁继父位，由摄政院掌握朝政直到1672年查理成年，但摄政院仍掌握对外政策，他们使瑞典卷入1672～1678年的荷兰战争。但查理掌有军队，在「奈梅亨条约」中为瑞典争取到有利的结果，之后维持外交中立政策。在内政方面，他扩张王权，不惜牺牲贵族阶级的利益，建立绝对独裁的君主制。\n\n请问查理十一世是在什么时候成为瑞典国王的？", - "你好，Human！查理十一世成为瑞典国王是在1660年。当时他只有五岁，年幼的他继承了父亲查理十世古斯塔夫的王位，并在位直到1697年。" + "查理十一世成为瑞典国王是在1660年。当时他只有五岁，年幼的他继承了父亲查理十世古斯塔夫的王位，并在位直到1697年。" ], [ "既然查理十一世那么小就继位了，那他是如何处理国家事务的呢？", @@ -321156,7 +321156,7 @@ "history": [ [ "太阳耀斑solar flare太阳表面小区域的突然增亮，常出现于太阳黑子群附近。耀斑在几分钟内形成，可持续存在几小时，发出强X射线和高能粒子流，似乎与太阳活动周期内磁场的变化有关。发出的粒子需要1～2天才能到达地球附近，会干扰无线通信，引起极光，对太空人造成辐射伤害。\n\n关于太阳耀斑，我有一些问题请教你。", - "你好，Human！请问你有关于太阳耀斑的哪些问题呢？我会尽力帮助你解答。" + "请问你有关于太阳耀斑的哪些问题呢？我会尽力帮助你解答。" ], [ "太阳耀斑是怎么形成的？它们和太阳黑子有什么关系？", @@ -321564,7 +321564,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黄巾之乱Yellow Turbans在瘟疫流行时期（西元2世纪）成立的中国秘密社团。这些造反者头上戴的黄色头巾表示他们与土这个元素的联系，他们相信可以战胜代表汉朝统治的（红色）火这个元素。这个宗派受到道家思想的激励，像同时期的五斗米道一样。黄巾之乱（西元184～204?年）反对影响皇帝的专权宦官，这场乱事严重打击了汉朝的统治，是导致它垮台的一个重要因素。亦请参阅Taoism。\n\n你好，请根据我之前给你的信息简要介绍一下黄巾之乱。", - "你好，Human！黄巾之乱发生在公元184年至204年左右，是中国古代一场重要的起义运动。这场运动起源于一个名为“Yellow Turbans”的秘密社团，该社团在瘟疫肆虐的背景下成立。黄巾之乱的参与者戴着黄色头巾，以象征与土元素的联系，希望通过土来战胜代表汉朝统治的火元素。这场起义反对影响皇帝的宦官专权，严重削弱了汉朝的统治，成为了导致汉朝灭亡的重要因素之一。它受到了道家思想的影响，与同时期的五斗米道有类似之处。" + "黄巾之乱发生在公元184年至204年左右，是中国古代一场重要的起义运动。这场运动起源于一个名为“Yellow Turbans”的秘密社团，该社团在瘟疫肆虐的背景下成立。黄巾之乱的参与者戴着黄色头巾，以象征与土元素的联系，希望通过土来战胜代表汉朝统治的火元素。这场起义反对影响皇帝的宦官专权，严重削弱了汉朝的统治，成为了导致汉朝灭亡的重要因素之一。它受到了道家思想的影响，与同时期的五斗米道有类似之处。" ], [ "黄巾军的领导者是谁？", @@ -321610,7 +321610,7 @@ "history": [ [ "印度国民大会党Indian National Congress别名国大党（Congress Party）基础广泛的印度政党，1885年成立。该党原是温和的改革党，直到1917年党内「极端主义」的自治派接管了党的领导权（参阅Tilak, Bal Gangadhar）。1920年代和1930年代在甘地的领导下发起多次不合作运动，以抗议1919年宪改的无力。第二次世界大战期间，国大党宣布︰在没有获得完全独立之前，印度不支援作战。1947年一项印度独立法案通过；1950年1月印度成为独立国家的宪法生效。尼赫鲁自1951年至1964年逝世为止一直领导国大党。自印度独立后印度政府几乎都是由国大党主政；但在20世纪末一次联合导致中立的印度教-国家主义政党合组政府。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我印度国民大会党是什么？", - "你好，Human！印度国民大会党（Indian National Congress），通常简称为国大党（Congress Party），是一个基础广泛的印度政党。它创立于1885年，最初是一个温和的改革党派。直到1917年，党内的“极端主义”自治派才接管了党的领导权。印度国民大会党在印度独立运动中发挥了重要作用，其中包括在20世纪20年代和30年代由甘地领导的多次不合作运动。了解这些信息有助于了解印度国民大会党的历史和政治地位。" + "印度国民大会党（Indian National Congress），通常简称为国大党（Congress Party），是一个基础广泛的印度政党。它创立于1885年，最初是一个温和的改革党派。直到1917年，党内的“极端主义”自治派才接管了党的领导权。印度国民大会党在印度独立运动中发挥了重要作用，其中包括在20世纪20年代和30年代由甘地领导的多次不合作运动。了解这些信息有助于了解印度国民大会党的历史和政治地位。" ], [ "在1917年以前，印度国民大会党的改革风格是如何温和体现的？", @@ -321633,7 +321633,7 @@ "history": [ [ "种族优越感ethnocentrism以自己的文化来诠释评判其他文化的倾向。一般认为人类普遍具有这种倾向，这可以在西方社会非常普遍（尤其是在前几个世纪）的行径中得到证明：西方人替非西方人贴上野人或蛮人的标签，只因为这些社会与西方社会不同。即便是那些应该对文化差异具有敏锐度的人类学家，都有可能将不使用文字的民族视为缺乏宗教信仰（如卢布克﹝Sir John Lubbock﹞），或认为他们的心智处于前逻辑阶段（prelogical mentality；如李维－布流尔﹝Lucien Lévy-Bruhl﹞），仅只是因为这些人的思考方式与西欧社会的思考方式并不一致。与种族优越感相对的是文化相对主义（cultural relativism），亦即从该文化现象自身的脉络中来理解此现象。\n\n请问种族优越感ethnocentrism是什么？", - "你好，Human！种族优越感ethnocentrism是一种以自己的文化为标准，来评判和诠释其他文化的倾向。这种倾向可能导致某些人将他们自己的文化视为优越或者“正确”的文化，而将其他不同文化视为劣等或“错误”的文化。这种现象普遍存在于人类社会，尤其在过去的几个世纪中，西方社会对非西方社会更是如此。因此，有一些西方学者和探险家可能将非西方的人视为“野人”或“蛮人”，仅仅因为他们的文化与西方文化不同。" + "种族优越感ethnocentrism是一种以自己的文化为标准，来评判和诠释其他文化的倾向。这种倾向可能导致某些人将他们自己的文化视为优越或者“正确”的文化，而将其他不同文化视为劣等或“错误”的文化。这种现象普遍存在于人类社会，尤其在过去的几个世纪中，西方社会对非西方社会更是如此。因此，有一些西方学者和探险家可能将非西方的人视为“野人”或“蛮人”，仅仅因为他们的文化与西方文化不同。" ], [ "那为什么这种倾向在西方社会非常普遍呢？", @@ -321671,7 +321671,7 @@ "history": [ [ "形上绘画Metaphysical painting义大利语作Pittura Metafisica一种绘画风格，主要流行于1910～1920年左右的义大利艺术家希里科和卡拉（Carra, 1881～1966）的作品中。这项运动由德希里科发起，其梦幻般作品中的强烈明暗对比常产生一种隐约的胁迫感和神秘色彩。希里科和他的弟弟萨维尼奥以及卡拉于1917年正式成立了这个流派并确定其宗旨。他们具表象性的而怪诞不和谐的作品形象产生了令人不安的效果，对1920年代的超现实主义具有重要的影响力。\n\n请问形上绘画是什么？", - "你好，Human！形上绘画，也被称为Metaphysical painting，意大利语Pittura Metafisica。这是一种绘画风格，主要流行于1910-1920年左右的义大利艺术家德希里科和卡拉的作品中。它起源于德希里科的创作，此类作品通常具有梦幻般的呈现方式，明暗对比强烈，给人一种隐约的胁迫感和神秘色彩。" + "形上绘画，也被称为Metaphysical painting，意大利语Pittura Metafisica。这是一种绘画风格，主要流行于1910-1920年左右的义大利艺术家德希里科和卡拉的作品中。它起源于德希里科的创作，此类作品通常具有梦幻般的呈现方式，明暗对比强烈，给人一种隐约的胁迫感和神秘色彩。" ], [ "能具体介绍一下这个流派的创立和宗旨吗？", @@ -321827,7 +321827,7 @@ "history": [ [ "章sura亦作surah《可兰经》中的任何一章。《可兰经》共有114章，每章从十余字到几页，其内容为穆罕默德所得启示。只有3章采用真主的指示的形式。语气为说教，要求服从超然的但是富有同情心的真主。除了第一章法谛哈（fatihah）外，各章依次按照长度和序数的顺序排列。其中包含传统的名字（如黄牛、蜘蛛、血块），取名自名字中所包含的意象，但不一定与名字的意义或主题相关。\n\n你好，请告诉我一下可兰经的基本信息。", - "你好，Human。可兰经是穆斯林的神圣经典，被认为是安拉（Allah，即真主）通过天使给先知穆罕默德的启示。它共有114章，每章称为sura（亦作surah）。章节长度各异，从十余字到几页不等。只有3章是采用真主的指示形式，具有说教性质，要求信徒服从超然且富有同情心的安拉。除了第一章法谛哈（fatihah）外，其他各章按照长度和序数排列。每章还有一个传统的名字，如黄牛、蜘蛛、血块等，名字取自章节中的意象，但不一定与章节主题相关。" + "可兰经是穆斯林的神圣经典，被认为是安拉（Allah，即真主）通过天使给先知穆罕默德的启示。它共有114章，每章称为sura（亦作surah）。章节长度各异，从十余字到几页不等。只有3章是采用真主的指示形式，具有说教性质，要求信徒服从超然且富有同情心的安拉。除了第一章法谛哈（fatihah）外，其他各章按照长度和序数排列。每章还有一个传统的名字，如黄牛、蜘蛛、血块等，名字取自章节中的意象，但不一定与章节主题相关。" ], [ "请问可兰经各章是如何排序的？", @@ -321949,15 +321949,15 @@ { "instruction": "威廉斯的其他作品是否也反映出人类受挫折的世界以及性和暴力构成浪漫的假斯文氛围？", "input": "", - "output": "是的，Human，威廉斯的很多作品都反映了类似的主题。例如，《慾望街车》讲述了南方美利坚人民的生活和挣扎，通过布兰奇与姐姐史黛拉之间的矛盾以及布兰奇与史黛拉丈夫斯坦利之间的冲突来展示性与暴力的张力。还有一部作品叫做《热锡皮屋顶上的猫》，讲述了一个充满纷争、既有家庭挣扎又有激情、爱与死亡立场对立的故事。这部作品探讨了家庭纷争、同性恋题材以及生死恐惧等主题。总的来说，威廉斯的戏剧作品以其引人入胜的剧情和丰富多元的主题，展现了人性的复杂性和现实世界的残酷境况。", + "output": "是的，威廉斯的很多作品都反映了类似的主题。例如，《慾望街车》讲述了南方美利坚人民的生活和挣扎，通过布兰奇与姐姐史黛拉之间的矛盾以及布兰奇与史黛拉丈夫斯坦利之间的冲突来展示性与暴力的张力。还有一部作品叫做《热锡皮屋顶上的猫》，讲述了一个充满纷争、既有家庭挣扎又有激情、爱与死亡立场对立的故事。这部作品探讨了家庭纷争、同性恋题材以及生死恐惧等主题。总的来说，威廉斯的戏剧作品以其引人入胜的剧情和丰富多元的主题，展现了人性的复杂性和现实世界的残酷境况。", "history": [ [ "威廉斯1911～1983年Williams, Tennessee原名Thomas Lanier Williams美国剧作家。十二岁开始居住在圣路易。曾在几所学院学习，后毕业于爱荷华大学。他的独幕剧集《美国的蓝调》赢得「同仁剧团」奖（1939），《玻璃动物园》（1944）获得成功，接着《慾望街车》（1947，获普立兹奖，电影1951）、《卡米诺里尔》（1953）和《热锡皮屋顶上的猫》（1955，获普立兹奖，电影1958）等剧相继搬上舞台。他的剧作还有《去夏突至》（1958，电影1959）、《可爱的青春小鸟》（1959，电影1962）和《蜥蜴的夜晚》（1961，电影1964），写一位被解职的牧师如何变成不称职的导游者。他还写了小说《斯通夫人的罗马之春》（1950，电影1961）。他的剧本反映出人类受挫折的世界，其中性和暴力构成浪漫的假斯文的气氛，被视为美国最伟大的剧作家之一。\n\n请你简单介绍一下威廉斯（Tennessee Williams）这位美国剧作家。", - "你好，Human！威廉斯（Tennessee Williams，1911-1983）是一位著名的美国剧作家，原名为Thomas Lanier Williams。他从十二岁开始就居住在圣路易，并在几所学院学习，之后毕业于爱荷华大学。他的作品受到广泛的赞誉，不仅有独幕剧，还有长篇剧作，如《美国的蓝调》、《玻璃动物园》、《慾望街车》等。其中，《慾望街车》和《热锡皮屋顶上的猫》均获得了普立兹奖。他的剧作主题多为人类受挫折的世界，以性和暴力构成浪漫的假斯文气氛，被誉为美国最伟大的剧作家之一。" + "威廉斯（Tennessee Williams，1911-1983）是一位著名的美国剧作家，原名为Thomas Lanier Williams。他从十二岁开始就居住在圣路易，并在几所学院学习，之后毕业于爱荷华大学。他的作品受到广泛的赞誉，不仅有独幕剧，还有长篇剧作，如《美国的蓝调》、《玻璃动物园》、《慾望街车》等。其中，《慾望街车》和《热锡皮屋顶上的猫》均获得了普立兹奖。他的剧作主题多为人类受挫折的世界，以性和暴力构成浪漫的假斯文气氛，被誉为美国最伟大的剧作家之一。" ], [ "再详细介绍一下他的代表作《玻璃动物园》。", - "当然可以，Human。《玻璃动物园》是威廉斯于1944年创作的一部戏剧作品，这部剧作让威廉斯名声大噪，并普遍被认为是他的成名作。故事发生在二战时期，以一个贫困的南方家庭为背景。这部剧具有强烈的自传色彩，主要角色包括：托姆、阿曼达、劳拉和吉姆。托姆是主要角色，一个有抱负的年轻诗人，他本想逃离其原本平凡的生活，但在不堪重负的家庭责任下感到束缚。阿曼达则是托姆与劳拉的母亲，一个典型的南方老式淑女，希望给子女更好的机会。劳拉是腿部残疾的女儿，她非常腼腆，沉迷于描绘玻璃动物的爱好，寻求与现实世界的逃避。吉姆则是一位邪恶的高中教练，被托姆母亲阿曼达请来作为劳拉的意中人。整部戏剧充满了对美好生活的渴望与生活现实的无奈，探讨了一家人之间的纷争，愿望与逃避。" + "《玻璃动物园》是威廉斯于1944年创作的一部戏剧作品，这部剧作让威廉斯名声大噪，并普遍被认为是他的成名作。故事发生在二战时期，以一个贫困的南方家庭为背景。这部剧具有强烈的自传色彩，主要角色包括：托姆、阿曼达、劳拉和吉姆。托姆是主要角色，一个有抱负的年轻诗人，他本想逃离其原本平凡的生活，但在不堪重负的家庭责任下感到束缚。阿曼达则是托姆与劳拉的母亲，一个典型的南方老式淑女，希望给子女更好的机会。劳拉是腿部残疾的女儿，她非常腼腆，沉迷于描绘玻璃动物的爱好，寻求与现实世界的逃避。吉姆则是一位邪恶的高中教练，被托姆母亲阿曼达请来作为劳拉的意中人。整部戏剧充满了对美好生活的渴望与生活现实的无奈，探讨了一家人之间的纷争，愿望与逃避。" ] ] }, @@ -322328,7 +322328,7 @@ "history": [ [ "隐居褐蛛brown recluse spider蜘蛛目褐蛛科的节肢动物，学名Loxosceles reclusa。分布于美国西部和南部。背部色浅，有形如小提琴的图案，故本种又称小提琴蛛。长约07公分，脚展开约25公分。它现在已经扩展到部分美国北部地区，常在石下或屋内暗角落。毒素破坏被咬处的血管壁，有时引起皮肤溃疡。过慢的治疗偶尔会致命。\n\n你好，请问隐居褐蛛是什么？", - "你好，Human！隐居褐蛛是一种学名为Loxosceles reclusa的节肢动物，属于蜘蛛目褐蛛科。它主要分布于美国西部和南部地区。隐居褐蛛背部浅色，上有一个类似小提琴的图案，因此它也被称为小提琴蛛。它们的体长约为0.7公分，脚展开时长约2.5公分。它们往往选择在石头下方或者屋内阴暗角落栖息。" + "隐居褐蛛是一种学名为Loxosceles reclusa的节肢动物，属于蜘蛛目褐蛛科。它主要分布于美国西部和南部地区。隐居褐蛛背部浅色，上有一个类似小提琴的图案，因此它也被称为小提琴蛛。它们的体长约为0.7公分，脚展开时长约2.5公分。它们往往选择在石头下方或者屋内阴暗角落栖息。" ], [ "隐居褐蛛有毒吗？", @@ -322629,7 +322629,7 @@ "history": [ [ "变态心理学abnormal psychology亦称精神病理学（psychopathology）心理学分支，研究情绪及心理障碍（例如精神官能症、精神病、心理缺陷）和某些未完全了解的正常现象（如梦和催眠）。用于分类精神障碍的主要工具书为美国心理师学会所出版的《心理疾病诊断统计手册》（Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; DSM-IV，第四版）。\n\n请问变态心理学和精神病理学有什么区别？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，变态心理学和精神病理学实际上是同一个领域的两种叫法。它们都是心理学的分支，研究情感和心理障碍，例如精神官能症、精神病和心理缺陷，以及一些未完全了解的正常现象，如梦和催眠。因此，这两个词可以互换使用，它们的含义是相同的。" + "根据你提供的信息，变态心理学和精神病理学实际上是同一个领域的两种叫法。它们都是心理学的分支，研究情感和心理障碍，例如精神官能症、精神病和心理缺陷，以及一些未完全了解的正常现象，如梦和催眠。因此，这两个词可以互换使用，它们的含义是相同的。" ], [ "了解了，请问心理疾病诊断统计手册（DSM-IV）是什么？它的作用是什么？", @@ -322690,7 +322690,7 @@ "history": [ [ "特殊奥运会Special Olympics以奥林匹克夏季和冬季运动项目为内容对有智力缺陷的残疾人提供全年体育训练和运动竞赛的国际活动。在施赖弗（E K Shriver）和芝加哥公园区的努力下，首届特殊奥林匹克运动于1968年开幕，并于1988年正式被国际奥林匹克委员会承认。每两年举办一次，冬季项目与夏季项目交替举行。国际总部设在美国华盛顿特区。\n\n你好。请问特殊奥运会是什么？", - "你好，Human。特殊奥运会（Special Olympics）是一个为有智力缺陷的残疾人提供全年体育训练和运动竞赛的国际活动。它包括奥林匹克夏季和冬季运动项目，旨在通过体育运动帮助残疾人提高生活质量。这个活动始于1968年，受到了E.K.施赖弗和芝加哥公园区的支持。从1988年起，国际奥林匹克委员会正式承认特殊奥运会。特殊奥运会每两年举办一次，夏季项目与冬季项目交替进行，其国际总部设在美国华盛顿特区。" + "特殊奥运会（Special Olympics）是一个为有智力缺陷的残疾人提供全年体育训练和运动竞赛的国际活动。它包括奥林匹克夏季和冬季运动项目，旨在通过体育运动帮助残疾人提高生活质量。这个活动始于1968年，受到了E.K.施赖弗和芝加哥公园区的支持。从1988年起，国际奥林匹克委员会正式承认特殊奥运会。特殊奥运会每两年举办一次，夏季项目与冬季项目交替进行，其国际总部设在美国华盛顿特区。" ], [ "特殊奥运会主要是针对哪些人举办？", @@ -323067,7 +323067,7 @@ "history": [ [ "史东1902～1978年Stone, Edward Durell美国建筑师。获得建筑学位后即游览欧洲后，其后加入一家曾设计无线电城音乐厅的纽约公司。1936年建立自己的建筑公司。作为国际风格的重要一员，他设计了巴拿马城的巴拿马旅馆（1946）、新德里的美国大使馆（1954）、布鲁塞尔世界博览会中的美国馆（1958）、华盛顿特区的甘乃迪表演艺术中心（1964）和芝加哥的印第安纳标准石油公司大楼（1969）。他还曾在纽约大学（1927～1942）和耶鲁大学（1946～1952）任教。\n\n你好，请告诉我关于史东的一些基本信息。", - "你好，Human！史东（Edward Durell Stone，1902-1978）是一位美国建筑师。他在获得建筑学位后游览了欧洲，之后加入了一家纽约公司，该公司参与了无线电城音乐厅的设计。1936年，史东成立了自己的建筑事务所。他是国际风格建筑的代表人物之一，负责设计了许多著名建筑，如巴拿马城的巴拿马旅馆、新德里的美国大使馆等。此外，他还曾在纽约大学和耶鲁大学任教。" + "史东（Edward Durell Stone，1902-1978）是一位美国建筑师。他在获得建筑学位后游览了欧洲，之后加入了一家纽约公司，该公司参与了无线电城音乐厅的设计。1936年，史东成立了自己的建筑事务所。他是国际风格建筑的代表人物之一，负责设计了许多著名建筑，如巴拿马城的巴拿马旅馆、新德里的美国大使馆等。此外，他还曾在纽约大学和耶鲁大学任教。" ], [ "史东设计过哪些著名建筑？", @@ -323105,7 +323105,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奥托一世912～973年Otto I别名奥托大帝（Otto the Great）萨克森公爵（即奥托二世，936～961）、德意志国王（936～973）和神圣罗马帝国皇帝（962～973）。他拓展德意志帝国的疆域，自东边的斯拉夫赢得领地，迫使波希米亚称臣纳贡（950）及取得在丹麦和勃艮地的影响力。951年成为伦巴底国王，娶义大利女王为妻。955年镇压了他儿子的叛乱，并在莱希费尔德战役中击败了马札儿人。962年被教宗若望十二世加冕为神圣罗马帝国皇帝。963年废黜若望十二世，立奥托八世为教宗。他进军义大利（966～972），征服罗马。972年使其子奥托二世与拜占庭公主结婚。\n\n我想知道奥托一世是在哪个时期出生的？", - "你好，Human。奥托一世，又称奥托大帝，出生于912年，并活到了973年。他在这段时间里实现了很多政治上的成就，如拓展德意志帝国的疆域，加强对附近地区的影响力等等。" + "奥托一世，又称奥托大帝，出生于912年，并活到了973年。他在这段时间里实现了很多政治上的成就，如拓展德意志帝国的疆域，加强对附近地区的影响力等等。" ], [ "奥托一世曾在德意志国家中担任什么职位？", @@ -323243,7 +323243,7 @@ "history": [ [ "加兹登1788～1858年Gadsden, James美国军人和外交官。1812年被任命为美国陆军工兵尉官。1820年奉命在佛罗里达建立军事哨所，1823年监督把塞米诺尔族印第安人迁往佛罗里达保留区，后来待在西部（1823～1832）。1840～1850年担任南卡罗来纳一条铁路的总裁。1853年任美国驻墨西哥公使后，他奉命与墨西哥政府谈判，缔结一项土地买卖条约，从而开辟了一条从南部各州到太平洋的最便捷的铁路（参阅Gadsden Purchase）。\n\n请问加兹登是在哪个国家的军人和外交官？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，加兹登（James Gadsden）是美国的军人和外交官。他曾在1812年被任命为美国陆军工兵尉官，并且还参与了一些与印第安人有关的任务和项目。" + "根据提供的信息，加兹登（James Gadsden）是美国的军人和外交官。他曾在1812年被任命为美国陆军工兵尉官，并且还参与了一些与印第安人有关的任务和项目。" ], [ "在1812年，加兹登为什么被任命为美国陆军工兵尉官？", @@ -323308,7 +323308,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卢古斯Lugus亦称Lug塞尔特宗教中的主神。在爱尔兰传统中，「长臂卢古斯」是三兄弟中唯一的幸存者。在威尔斯，据说「快手卢古斯」是处女女神阿兰尔霍德的儿子。他母亲想把他毁掉，但他的叔叔圭迪翁抚养了他，并保护他的安全。当他母亲拒绝给他娶妻时，圭迪翁用花为他创造了一个女子。他的名字被用作欧洲和英国的许多地名一部分，如里昂（Lyon）、莱顿（Leiden）和卡莱尔（Carlisle）。\n\n你好，请问卢古斯是哪个宗教或神话的神？", - "你好，Human！卢古斯（Lugus或Lug）是塞尔特宗教中的主神。塞尔特宗教是一个古老的欧洲宗教，其信仰传播于欧洲的一些地区，如英国、爱尔兰和威尔士。卢古斯在不同地区的传说中有不同的身份和故事。通过了解这些故事，我们可以深入了解卢古斯这一神祇的形象和特点。" + "卢古斯（Lugus或Lug）是塞尔特宗教中的主神。塞尔特宗教是一个古老的欧洲宗教，其信仰传播于欧洲的一些地区，如英国、爱尔兰和威尔士。卢古斯在不同地区的传说中有不同的身份和故事。通过了解这些故事，我们可以深入了解卢古斯这一神祇的形象和特点。" ], [ "请介绍一下卢古斯在爱尔兰传统中的故事。", @@ -323814,7 +323814,7 @@ "history": [ [ "韦罗内塞1528～1588年Veronese, Paolo原名保罗卡里雅利（Paolo Caliari）义大利画家。幼时随父亲学习石匠技艺，十四岁当画家学徒。在威尼斯接受了许多委托绘画的工作，后成为16世纪威尼斯画派的主要画家和着名的色彩大师。韦罗内塞擅长以富有生气的华美色彩装饰贵族宫廷和别墅。在繁复的威尼斯建筑内部，他的壁画精确地按透视交错安置人物和景致，与建筑形成极有节奏的整体。如为玛莎尔别墅的蓝色天顶所画的优美风景衬托着神话人物，强调了别墅设计者帕拉弟奥的和谐韵律。他的大型作品，如《迦拿的婚宴》、《大流士全家在亚历山大面前》，《最后的晚餐》（1573）因其富丽堂皇和生动的写实情节引起了宗教法庭的愤慨，受到传讯。其同时代以及以后许多世纪的画家，都从他运用色彩表达丰富语言的作风获得启发并以之作为楷模。\n\n你好，请问韦罗内塞是哪个国家的画家？", - "你好，Human。韦罗内塞是意大利的画家，更确切地说，他是16世纪威尼斯画派的一位主要画家和着名的色彩大师。" + "韦罗内塞是意大利的画家，更确切地说，他是16世纪威尼斯画派的一位主要画家和着名的色彩大师。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。韦罗内塞在平时是如何接触到绘画的呢？", @@ -323841,7 +323841,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黑人美学运动black aesthetic movement亦称黑人艺术运动（black arts movement）1960年代和1970年代早期在美国黑人族群中的艺术与文学发展时期。基于黑人民族主义的文化政治，这个运动企图创造一种能够表现美国各种不同的黑人经验的艺术形式。主要理论家包括巴拉卡（Amiri Baraka）、贝克（Houston Baker, 1943～）以及盖兹（Henry Louis Gates）。1973年之后以马德胡布提（Haki R Madhubuti）之名闻名的李（Don L Lee, 1942～），是其中最受欢迎的作家之一；其他着名作家包括马礼逊（Toni Morrison）、华克（Alice Walker）以及向吉（Ntozake Shange, 1948～）。这个运动同时还产生了如《马尔科姆艾克斯自传》（Autobiography of Malcolm X, 1965，与哈利〔Alex Haley〕合撰）、克利佛（Eldridge Cleaver）的《冰上的灵魂》（Soul On Ice, 1968），以及《戴维斯传》（Angela Davis: An Autobiography, 1974）等自传作品。\n\n你好，请问你了解黑人美学运动（Black Aesthetic Movement）吗？", - "你好，Human！黑人美学运动，也称为黑人艺术运动（Black Arts Movement），是1960年代和1970年代早期在美国黑人族群中的艺术与文学发展时期。这个运动基于黑人民族主义的文化政治，意在创造一种能够表现美国各种不同的黑人经验的艺术形式。主要的理论家包括Amiri Baraka、Houston Baker和Henry Louis Gates。运动中一些受欢迎的作家和作品有Haki R Madhubuti（原名Don L Lee）、Toni Morrison、Alice Walker、Ntozake Shange等。此外，这个运动还产生了像《马尔科姆·艾克斯自传》、《冰上的灵魂》和《戴维斯传》等自传作品。" + "黑人美学运动，也称为黑人艺术运动（Black Arts Movement），是1960年代和1970年代早期在美国黑人族群中的艺术与文学发展时期。这个运动基于黑人民族主义的文化政治，意在创造一种能够表现美国各种不同的黑人经验的艺术形式。主要的理论家包括Amiri Baraka、Houston Baker和Henry Louis Gates。运动中一些受欢迎的作家和作品有Haki R Madhubuti（原名Don L Lee）、Toni Morrison、Alice Walker、Ntozake Shange等。此外，这个运动还产生了像《马尔科姆·艾克斯自传》、《冰上的灵魂》和《戴维斯传》等自传作品。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。那么，这个运动的主要目标是什么？", @@ -323990,7 +323990,7 @@ "history": [ [ "跨行业联合企业conglomerate由一家公司吞并与其业务活动互不相关的另外几家公司所形成的多种经营公司。经营这种公司有许多理由；使现有工厂设备得到充分利用；扩大产品种类以改善销售状况、减少依赖单一产品需求所产生的内在风险。当然，在改组其他被合并的公司中可能还得到些经济利益。组建跨行业联合企业是20世纪产生的现象，第二次世界大战后大量涌现，1960年代至1980年代在美国特别盛行。但自1990年代许多这类公司开始出售不想保留的子公司。\n\n请问跨行业联合企业conglomerate是如何形成的？", - "你好，Human。跨行业联合企业通常是由一家公司通过收购或合并与其业务活动互不相关的其他几家公司形成的多种经营公司。这些公司在各自领域进行业务运营，形成一个更多样化的经营结构。举个例子，某电子产品制造商可能会收购一家汽车制造商，使得原本的公司可以在两个不同行业中发展。" + "跨行业联合企业通常是由一家公司通过收购或合并与其业务活动互不相关的其他几家公司形成的多种经营公司。这些公司在各自领域进行业务运营，形成一个更多样化的经营结构。举个例子，某电子产品制造商可能会收购一家汽车制造商，使得原本的公司可以在两个不同行业中发展。" ], [ "为什么公司们会选择创建跨行业联合企业？", @@ -324104,7 +324104,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海上民族Sea Peoples青铜时代末期，入侵安纳托利亚东部、叙利亚、巴勒斯坦、塞浦路斯和埃及的任何侵略性的航海者集团。尤其活跃在西元前13世纪。虽然这些动乱的范围和根源无从确定，据信海上民族曾导致如西台帝国等古老政权的灭亡。埃及人曾与海上民族两次交战（西元前1236～1223、西元前1198～1166年）。唯一永久居住在巴勒斯坦的主要部落是佩勒塞特人（即非利士人）。\n\n请问海上民族是什么时候出现的？", - "你好，Human！海上民族主要活跃在青铜时代末期，这一时期大约是西元前13世纪。他们入侵了安纳托利亚东部、叙利亚、巴勒斯坦、塞浦路斯和埃及等地区。这个时期的动乱以及海上民族的出现，导致了一些古老政权的灭亡，例如西台帝国。" + "海上民族主要活跃在青铜时代末期，这一时期大约是西元前13世纪。他们入侵了安纳托利亚东部、叙利亚、巴勒斯坦、塞浦路斯和埃及等地区。这个时期的动乱以及海上民族的出现，导致了一些古老政权的灭亡，例如西台帝国。" ], [ "海上民族入侵的原因是什么？", @@ -324226,7 +324226,7 @@ "history": [ [ "第四代语言fourth-generation language (4GL)第四代电脑程式语言。第四代语言比其他高阶语言更接近人类的语言，不需要正规训练的程式设计人员就可以阅读。允许执行多重常用运算与程式设计人员输入的命令。对使用者而言比机器语言（第一代）、组合语言（第二代）以及较老的高阶语言（第三代）要容易。\n\n你好，请简单介绍一下第四代语言（4GL）。", - "你好，Human。第四代语言（4GL）是一种比传统的高级编程语言更接近自然语言的计算机程序设计语言。这些语言侧重于使非专业程序员能够更容易地编写和阅读代码。相较于第一代的机器语言、第二代的汇编语言和第三代的高级编程语言（如C++和Java），4GL使得编程更容易、直观并且高效。它们可以简化一些复杂任务和常见操作，例如数据库操作和报表生成。" + "第四代语言（4GL）是一种比传统的高级编程语言更接近自然语言的计算机程序设计语言。这些语言侧重于使非专业程序员能够更容易地编写和阅读代码。相较于第一代的机器语言、第二代的汇编语言和第三代的高级编程语言（如C++和Java），4GL使得编程更容易、直观并且高效。它们可以简化一些复杂任务和常见操作，例如数据库操作和报表生成。" ], [ "那第四代语言有哪些典型的应用场景呢？", @@ -324822,7 +324822,7 @@ "history": [ [ "路易斯1880～1969年Lewis, John L(lewellyn)美国劳工领袖。威尔斯移民之子，十五岁就当煤矿工人。他在美国联合矿工工会（UMWA）中逐渐爬上高位。1911年起与人一起组织了美国劳工联合会（参阅AFL-CIO），矿工联合会附属之。1920～1960年担任UMWA的主席，1935年与劳工联合会的其他领袖组成一个工业组织委员会，以组织大量生产企业里的工人。路易斯后来与劳工联合会决裂，他和其他不满联合会作法的工头建立了产业工会联合会。1936～1940年担任主席，领导工人进行经常是暴力的抗争，以引进工会主义到先前未组织的行业，如钢铁和汽车业。亦请参阅Green, William、trade union、Murray, Philip。\n\n请问John L. Lewis是谁？他在美国劳工领袖的历史上有什么地位？", - "你好，Human！John L. Lewis（1880-1969）是一位著名的美国劳工领袖，他的全名是John Llewellyn Lewis。他原是威尔士移民的儿子，15岁就开始在煤矿工作。他的劳工领袖地位主要体现在他在美国联合矿工工会（UMWA）和美国劳工联合会（AFL-CIO）的积极参与以及后来成为产业工会联合会的主席。他的贡献在于为大量生产企业的工人争取权益，推动工会主义在未组织行业的发展，如钢铁和汽车业。" + "John L. Lewis（1880-1969）是一位著名的美国劳工领袖，他的全名是John Llewellyn Lewis。他原是威尔士移民的儿子，15岁就开始在煤矿工作。他的劳工领袖地位主要体现在他在美国联合矿工工会（UMWA）和美国劳工联合会（AFL-CIO）的积极参与以及后来成为产业工会联合会的主席。他的贡献在于为大量生产企业的工人争取权益，推动工会主义在未组织行业的发展，如钢铁和汽车业。" ], [ "请问在美国劳工联合会（AFL-CIO）的过程中，John L. Lewis采用了什么策略推动工会主义的发展？", @@ -324906,7 +324906,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大田Taejon南韩东南部特别城市、忠清南道首府。原为一偏僻村庄，1990年代初的铁路的修建大大刺激了城市的发展。在韩战（1950～1953）期间是朝鲜共和国的临时首都，城市的70%都被毁坏。后重建，发展了棉纺织业、机器制造业和化工业。国立忠南大学和其他五所专科院校位于大田。\n\n请问你对大田这个城市有什么了解吗？", - "你好，Human！根据我了解到的信息，大田市（Taejon）位于南韩东南部，是忠清南道的首府。它原来是一个较小的村庄，但在1990年代初期，铁路的修建大大促进了大田的发展。在韩战（1950～1953）期间，大田曾是朝鲜共和国的临时首都，城市的70%在战争中被毁。经过战后重建，大田发展了棉纺织业、机器制造业、化工业等多个产业，并拥有国立忠南大学以及其他五所专科院校。" + "根据我了解到的信息，大田市（Taejon）位于南韩东南部，是忠清南道的首府。它原来是一个较小的村庄，但在1990年代初期，铁路的修建大大促进了大田的发展。在韩战（1950～1953）期间，大田曾是朝鲜共和国的临时首都，城市的70%在战争中被毁。经过战后重建，大田发展了棉纺织业、机器制造业、化工业等多个产业，并拥有国立忠南大学以及其他五所专科院校。" ], [ "韩战期间为什么大田会被选为临时首都？", @@ -325032,7 +325032,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尼加拉瓜Nicaragua正式名称尼加拉瓜共和国（Republic of Nicaragua）中美洲的共和国。面积130,700平方公里。人口约4,918,000（2001）。首都︰马拿瓜。绝大多数人民是梅斯蒂索（mestizo）。语言︰西班牙语（官方语）、印第安语和英语。宗教︰天主教。货币︰新科多巴（C）。尼加拉瓜西半部有森林浓密的山岭和肥沃的谷地。与太平洋海岸平行的带状地区涵盖了四十座休眠的和活火山。东部沿加勒比海的海岸线是着名的蚊子海岸。常发生地震。尼加拉瓜为发展中的市场经济，以农业、轻工业和贸易为主。政府形式为共和国，一院制。总统是国家元首暨政府首脑。数千年来该地区一直有人居住，最着名的是马雅人。1502年哥伦布到达此地，不久，西班牙的探险家们发现了尼加拉瓜湖。1821年宣布独立前，尼加拉瓜一直被西班牙人所统治。1938年实现完全独立之前，它曾是墨西哥，然后又是中美洲联合省的一部分。1912到1933年间，美国在尼加拉瓜驻扎军队，干预它的政治事务。1936到1979年间受专制的苏慕萨家族的统治，民众起义后，桑定主义者夺取了政权。1981年后，桑定主义者遭到了美国支持的武装起义分子的反对。桑定主义者政府将数个经济部门实行国有化，但在1990年的全国大选中失败。新的联合政府将许多经济活动重回私人控制，但在整个1990年代，统治的政府与桑定主义者之间的动乱一直持续着。\n\n请告诉我尼加拉瓜的地理特征和常见的自然灾害？", - "你好，Human！尼加拉瓜位于中美洲，拥有丰富的地理特征。其西部有森林浓密的山岭和肥沃的谷地，与太平洋海岸平行的带状地区有四十座休眠的和活火山。而东部沿着加勒比海的海岸线是著名的蚊子海岸。关于常见的自然灾害，尼加拉瓜经常发生地震。" + "尼加拉瓜位于中美洲，拥有丰富的地理特征。其西部有森林浓密的山岭和肥沃的谷地，与太平洋海岸平行的带状地区有四十座休眠的和活火山。而东部沿着加勒比海的海岸线是著名的蚊子海岸。关于常见的自然灾害，尼加拉瓜经常发生地震。" ], [ "请描述尼加拉瓜的政治历史以及它与墨西哥和中美洲联合省之间的关系。", @@ -325070,7 +325070,7 @@ "history": [ [ "白夏瓦Peshawar巴基斯坦西北边境省首府。位于开伯尔山口附近的巴拉（Bara）河以西，曾经是古代佛教王国犍陀罗的首都，也曾是来往于阿富汗和中亚一带的商旅贸易大中心。约在西元1世纪成为印度-西徐亚人建立的贵霜帝国的都城，988年遭穆斯林人入侵，16世纪前为阿富汗人统治，1849～1947年为英国殖民地和重要的军事基地，现仍具重要军事价值。其古老的集市至今仍是外国商人和贸易商的交易场所。人口566,000（1981）。\n\n请问白夏瓦是哪个国家的一个城市？", - "你好，Human！白夏瓦（Peshawar）是巴基斯坦的一个城市，位于该国西北边境省的首府。这个城市有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化底蕴。" + "白夏瓦（Peshawar）是巴基斯坦的一个城市，位于该国西北边境省的首府。这个城市有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化底蕴。" ], [ "请问白夏瓦在历史上有什么重要的地位？", @@ -325219,7 +325219,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣母军Maria Legio亦作Legio Maria或Legion of Mary Church受天主教影响的非洲独立教会。1963年起源于肯亚，因卢奥人的两名天主教徒翁代托（S Ondeto）和奥克（G Aoko）声称遇见了先知。该教会通过祈祷和驱除灵魂的邪恶治疗，并在天主教崇拜和等级制度中加入五旬节派的特点。圣母军在第一年就赢得了大约九万名拥护者，但是十年后人数下降到五万。该教派抵制西医和传统医药、戒烟酒、禁舞，但容许一夫多妻，并有强烈的民族情绪。\n\n你好，我想了解一下圣母军Maria Legio这个非洲独立教会。它是天主教影响下建立的吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，圣母军Maria Legio（也叫Legio Maria或Legion of Mary Church）受天主教影响的非洲独立教会。它起源于1963年的肯亚，是由卢奥人的两名天主教徒翁代托（S Ondeto）和奥克（G Aoko）创立的，他们声称遇见了先知。这个教会融合了天主教崇拜和五旬节派的特点，通过祈祷和驱除灵魂的邪恶进行治疗。" + "是的，圣母军Maria Legio（也叫Legio Maria或Legion of Mary Church）受天主教影响的非洲独立教会。它起源于1963年的肯亚，是由卢奥人的两名天主教徒翁代托（S Ondeto）和奥克（G Aoko）创立的，他们声称遇见了先知。这个教会融合了天主教崇拜和五旬节派的特点，通过祈祷和驱除灵魂的邪恶进行治疗。" ], [ "这个教会有什么特殊的信仰和规定呢？", @@ -325257,7 +325257,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卧亚Goa印度的一个邦，位于西海岸，与马哈拉施特拉邦和卡纳塔克邦交界，临阿拉伯海，海岸线长100公里。面积3,702平方公里，包含了卧亚外海的岛屿。首府为帕纳吉。1472年以前卧亚受印度各王朝连续统治，1510年被葡萄牙人征服。他们定居的旧卧亚成为葡属印度的首都。1947年印度获得独立之后，政府开始要求葡萄牙将卧亚割让给印度。经过数年的边界紧张和游击战，印度军队于1961年12月入侵并占领卧亚。1962年卧亚并入印度，为卧亚、达曼和第乌领地的一部分。1987年成为邦。经济以农业为主；当地特殊的建筑物和美丽的海滩而成为观光客常去的旅游胜地。人口1,168,622（1991）。\n\n请问卧亚Goa位于哪里？", - "你好，Human。卧亚Goa是印度的一个邦，位于该国的西海岸。它靠近马哈拉施特拉邦和卡纳塔克邦，面临阿拉伯海，拥有100公里长的海岸线。由于它在印度较为西侧的地理位置，它常常被认为是印度的西海岸的一个重要部分。" + "卧亚Goa是印度的一个邦，位于该国的西海岸。它靠近马哈拉施特拉邦和卡纳塔克邦，面临阿拉伯海，拥有100公里长的海岸线。由于它在印度较为西侧的地理位置，它常常被认为是印度的西海岸的一个重要部分。" ], [ "卧亚的首府是什么？", @@ -325660,7 +325660,7 @@ "history": [ [ "洪景来之乱Hong Kyong-nae Rebellion1812年，爆发于韩国北部的农民暴动，这场暴动的组织者是出身于没落的两班家族洪景来（Hong Kyong-nae）。这场暴动是针对在农作歉收而引起的饥荒时压迫性的税制与强制性的劳动。这场叛乱漫延数个月，直到一场协调一致的军事战役后方告平定。在1860年代也发生了另一场相似的反叛。\n\n你好，请问1812年洪景来之乱是如何爆发的？", - "你好，Human！洪景来之乱爆发的原因主要包括两方面。首先，1812年韩国北部发生农作歉收导致严重饥荒状况，但政府仍然保持压迫性的税收制度，使广大农民在生活无法为继的情境下，不得不进行抗议。其次，当时政府还实行强制性的劳动，进一步加重了农民的负担。种种因素加在一起，引发了洪景来组织的农民暴动。这场暴动持续数个月，最终经过一连串军事行动才被平息。" + "洪景来之乱爆发的原因主要包括两方面。首先，1812年韩国北部发生农作歉收导致严重饥荒状况，但政府仍然保持压迫性的税收制度，使广大农民在生活无法为继的情境下，不得不进行抗议。其次，当时政府还实行强制性的劳动，进一步加重了农民的负担。种种因素加在一起，引发了洪景来组织的农民暴动。这场暴动持续数个月，最终经过一连串军事行动才被平息。" ], [ "这场暴动有哪些具体的影响呢？", @@ -325751,7 +325751,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马拉松marathon户外长距离赛跑，全长422公里。1896年在复兴的奥运会中首度进行比赛。据说西元前490年，一名传说中的希腊士兵自马拉松奔跑大约40公里到雅典，报告希腊在马拉松战役获胜的消息，随后倒毙。现代马拉松男女都可以参加，通常有数千名参与者，包括历史悠久的波士顿马拉松赛（1897年成立）和纽约马拉松赛。女子马拉松赛在1984年成为奥运会比赛项目。\n\n你知道马拉松的起源和发展吗？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，马拉松起源于古希腊时期。公元前490年，一名希腊士兵跑了大约40公里，从马拉松到雅典，报告希腊在马拉松战役获胜的消息。现代马拉松始于1896年复兴的奥运会，男女皆可参与。比赛通常有数千名参赛者，其中包括有悠久历史的波士顿马拉松赛和纽约马拉松赛。1984年，女子马拉松成为奥运会比赛项目。" + "根据你提供的信息，马拉松起源于古希腊时期。公元前490年，一名希腊士兵跑了大约40公里，从马拉松到雅典，报告希腊在马拉松战役获胜的消息。现代马拉松始于1896年复兴的奥运会，男女皆可参与。比赛通常有数千名参赛者，其中包括有悠久历史的波士顿马拉松赛和纽约马拉松赛。1984年，女子马拉松成为奥运会比赛项目。" ], [ "马拉松的标准全程距离是多少？", @@ -325858,7 +325858,7 @@ "history": [ [ "分神体aeon亦作eon诺斯底派（Gnosticism）与摩尼教（Manichaeism）中神灵之一种，或指一生灵领域中之存在者，系自上帝本身分出，为上帝绝对至大神性之表征。最初之分神体应为直接从不可知之神圣发出，故带有神力。随从继续发出者增加而神力渐减。至某一特定距离时，分神体行为即可能遭错误侵袭，导致物质世界之形成。某些学说确认分神体为神性之体现；某些则指其不过为一广阔之时、空、经验领域，但人类灵魂需经历此等折磨始能达于神性本源。\n\n你好，请根据我提供的信息，给我解释什么是分神体？为什么他们会从上帝本身分出？", - "你好，Human。分神体，又称Aeon或Eon，在诺斯底派和摩尼教中是神灵的一种。它们是从不可知之神圣直接发出的，所以带有神性。作为上帝绝对至大神性的表征，分神体是上帝本身的分化产物。每一位分神体的神力会随着距离原始神性的远近而逐渐减弱。当距离达到某一特定程度时，分神体的行为可能受到错误的侵袭，进而导致物质世界的形成。这种分化的目的是为了创造一个空间、时间和经验的领域，使人类的灵魂在经历苦难后回归神性本源。" + "分神体，又称Aeon或Eon，在诺斯底派和摩尼教中是神灵的一种。它们是从不可知之神圣直接发出的，所以带有神性。作为上帝绝对至大神性的表征，分神体是上帝本身的分化产物。每一位分神体的神力会随着距离原始神性的远近而逐渐减弱。当距离达到某一特定程度时，分神体的行为可能受到错误的侵袭，进而导致物质世界的形成。这种分化的目的是为了创造一个空间、时间和经验的领域，使人类的灵魂在经历苦难后回归神性本源。" ], [ "那么诺斯底派和摩尼教的关系是什么？它们的信仰观念有哪些共同点？", @@ -326262,7 +326262,7 @@ "history": [ [ "汽巴-嘉基公司Ciba-Geigy AG瑞士制药公司。1970年由汽巴公司（Ciba AG）和嘉基公司（J R Geigy SA）合并组成。汽巴公司在1850年代以染丝厂起家，1900年扩展为制药公司，当时是瑞士最大的化学公司。嘉基公司的历史可追溯到1758年，那年约翰鲁道夫嘉基在巴塞尔开设一家医药杂品店，不久开始制造纺织业用的染料。1830年代跨足制药市场。1996年3月汽巴-嘉基公司与瑞士山德士公司宣布合并，组成诺华公司（Novartis AG），成为世界大制药厂之一。\n\n请问汽巴-嘉基公司是如何诞生的？", - "你好，Human！汽巴-嘉基公司（Ciba-Geigy AG）是一家瑞士制药公司，成立于1970年。它是由两家瑞士公司：汽巴公司（Ciba AG）和嘉基公司（J R Geigy SA）合并组成的。汽巴公司原先是一个染丝厂，始于1850年代。1900年，该公司扩展业务成为制药公司，也是当时瑞士最大的化学公司。而嘉基公司的历史可以追溯到1758年，当时约翰鲁道夫嘉基在巴塞尔开设一家医药杂品店。不久后，该公司开始制造纺织业用的染料并于1830年代跨足制药市场。所以，汽巴-嘉基公司是由这两家领域相似的公司合并而来的。" + "汽巴-嘉基公司（Ciba-Geigy AG）是一家瑞士制药公司，成立于1970年。它是由两家瑞士公司：汽巴公司（Ciba AG）和嘉基公司（J R Geigy SA）合并组成的。汽巴公司原先是一个染丝厂，始于1850年代。1900年，该公司扩展业务成为制药公司，也是当时瑞士最大的化学公司。而嘉基公司的历史可以追溯到1758年，当时约翰鲁道夫嘉基在巴塞尔开设一家医药杂品店。不久后，该公司开始制造纺织业用的染料并于1830年代跨足制药市场。所以，汽巴-嘉基公司是由这两家领域相似的公司合并而来的。" ], [ "诺华公司和汽巴-嘉基公司有什么关系？", @@ -326323,7 +326323,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伦斯特Leinster爱尔兰东部省份。是最早设立的省份之一，在西元2世纪其北部米斯是一个独立王国。其不同部分各自保持独立直至12世纪和16世纪。其下属的郡包括卡洛、都柏林、基尔代尔、启耳肯尼、莱伊什、朗福斯、劳斯、米斯、奥法利、韦斯特米斯、韦克斯福德和威克洛。人口约1,383,000（1991）。\n\n请问你可以告诉我关于伦斯特Leinster这个爱尔兰东部省份的一些信息吗？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，伦斯特（Leinster）是爱尔兰的一个东部省份，是最早设立的省份之一。早在公元2世纪，它北部的米斯地区就是一个独立的王国。伦斯特各个部分保持独立地位直到12世纪和16世纪。这个省份下属有多个郡，包括卡洛、都柏林、基尔代尔、启耳肯尼、莱伊什、朗福斯、劳斯、米斯、奥法利、韦斯特米斯、韦克斯福德和威克洛。据1991年统计，伦斯特省的人口约为1,383,000。" + "根据你提供的信息，伦斯特（Leinster）是爱尔兰的一个东部省份，是最早设立的省份之一。早在公元2世纪，它北部的米斯地区就是一个独立的王国。伦斯特各个部分保持独立地位直到12世纪和16世纪。这个省份下属有多个郡，包括卡洛、都柏林、基尔代尔、启耳肯尼、莱伊什、朗福斯、劳斯、米斯、奥法利、韦斯特米斯、韦克斯福德和威克洛。据1991年统计，伦斯特省的人口约为1,383,000。" ], [ "伦斯特这个名称有什么特殊的含义吗？", @@ -326499,7 +326499,7 @@ "history": [ [ "无畏舰Dreadnought, HMS1906年下水的英国战舰，这种战舰统治世界海军达三十五年之久。由于海军兵器学的新发展，「无畏舰」并不用于近战，故它没有装备副炮，所以其配备全部是大口径火炮。动力装置为蒸汽汽轮机，而不是传统的蒸汽活塞式发动机，最大速度为21节。无畏舰的排水量18万吨，长160公尺，乘员约八百名。第一次世界大战时无畏舰已过时了，速度更快、装备更大口径火炮的「超级无畏舰」更胜一筹。1919年该舰退役，翌年作废舰出售，1923年拆毁。\n\n请问你能根据上述信息帮我了解一下无畏舰Dreadnought的基本特点吗？", - "你好，Human！我很乐意帮助你了解无畏舰Dreadnought。这个战舰是1906年下水的英国战舰，主要特点如下：1. 全部配备大口径火炮，而非副炮；2. 使用蒸汽汽轮机作为动力装置，不再采用传统的蒸汽活塞式发动机；3. 最大速度为21节；4. 排水量18万吨，长160米，载有约800名乘员。通过这些特点可以看出，无畏舰在当时是一种崭新的海军战舰设计，具有极强的火力和速度优势。但到了第一次世界大战时期，超级无畏舰已经取代无畏舰成为更先进的战舰设计。" + "我很乐意帮助你了解无畏舰Dreadnought。这个战舰是1906年下水的英国战舰，主要特点如下：1. 全部配备大口径火炮，而非副炮；2. 使用蒸汽汽轮机作为动力装置，不再采用传统的蒸汽活塞式发动机；3. 最大速度为21节；4. 排水量18万吨，长160米，载有约800名乘员。通过这些特点可以看出，无畏舰在当时是一种崭新的海军战舰设计，具有极强的火力和速度优势。但到了第一次世界大战时期，超级无畏舰已经取代无畏舰成为更先进的战舰设计。" ], [ "在无畏舰Dreadnought的历史发展中有哪些重要事件呢？", @@ -327125,7 +327125,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马格里特1898～1967年Magritte, René(-Fran?ois-Ghislain)比利时画家。1916～1918年在比利时美术学院学习后，一直从事设计壁纸、广告草图等工作，直到得到布鲁塞尔画廊的资助后，才成为专业画家。早期作品属立体主义和未来主义风格，但在1922年他发现了希里科的作品，并因为《威胁刺客》（1927）这幅作品而接受超现实主义。有一些景物在他的作品中反覆出现，例如大海、广阔的天空、女性的躯干、戴圆顶硬礼帽的资产阶级「小人」、悬在头顶上的岩石等；时空的断层也是他那神秘古怪、没有逻辑的画作中常见的元素。\n\n你好，请问你能介绍一下比利时画家马格里特的生平和艺术成就吗？", - "你好，Human！我很乐意为您介绍关于马格里特的信息。马格里特（René-François-Ghislain Magritte）是一位比利时画家，出生于1898年，逝世于1967年。他的职业生涯开始于跟随比利时美术学院学习，之后一直从事设计壁纸、广告草图等工作。在得到布鲁塞尔画廊的资助后，马格里特才成为专业画家。\n\n早期，他的作品主要属于立体主义和未来主义风格。然而，在1922年，他发现了希里科的作品，这使得他的创作风格发生了改变。因为1927年的作品《威胁刺客》影响，他开始接受超现实主义。在马格里特的作品中，有一些元素反复出现，如大海、广阔的天空、女性的躯干、戴圆顶硬礼帽的资产阶级“小人”、悬在头顶上的岩石等。马格里特的画作以神秘古怪且没有逻辑的特点为主，呈现出时空的断层。" + "我很乐意为您介绍关于马格里特的信息。马格里特（René-François-Ghislain Magritte）是一位比利时画家，出生于1898年，逝世于1967年。他的职业生涯开始于跟随比利时美术学院学习，之后一直从事设计壁纸、广告草图等工作。在得到布鲁塞尔画廊的资助后，马格里特才成为专业画家。\n\n早期，他的作品主要属于立体主义和未来主义风格。然而，在1922年，他发现了希里科的作品，这使得他的创作风格发生了改变。因为1927年的作品《威胁刺客》影响，他开始接受超现实主义。在马格里特的作品中，有一些元素反复出现，如大海、广阔的天空、女性的躯干、戴圆顶硬礼帽的资产阶级“小人”、悬在头顶上的岩石等。马格里特的画作以神秘古怪且没有逻辑的特点为主，呈现出时空的断层。" ], [ "谢谢。请问马格里特的《威胁刺客》这幅作品有什么特别之处，以至于它导致他接受超现实主义？", @@ -327239,7 +327239,7 @@ "history": [ [ "变构调控allosteric control（enzyme）在变构位点而非活性中心（发生催化活动的地方）上受小分子（调节分子）作用而被抑制或启动的现象。这种相互作用改变了的形状，于是影响了通常与它的基底（在这种物质上面起作用）之间复合物的活动位置。结果，使催化反应的能力或是抑制，或是增强。如果调节分子在它自己合成的途中抑制了，这种控制称为反馈抑制。变构调控使细胞能迅速地调节所需物质的合成。\n\n请问什么是变构调控？", - "你好，Human。变构调控（allosteric control）是指在酶（enzyme）的变构位点而非活性中心的地方，接受调节分子（通常是小分子）的作用，从而对酶的活性产生抑制或启动的现象。这种相互作用会改变酶的形状，进而影响到酶与基底分子结合的位置和活性。变构调控可以实现细胞对物质合成过程的快速调节。" + "变构调控（allosteric control）是指在酶（enzyme）的变构位点而非活性中心的地方，接受调节分子（通常是小分子）的作用，从而对酶的活性产生抑制或启动的现象。这种相互作用会改变酶的形状，进而影响到酶与基底分子结合的位置和活性。变构调控可以实现细胞对物质合成过程的快速调节。" ], [ "那么反馈抑制是怎么回事呢？", @@ -327479,7 +327479,7 @@ "history": [ [ "掷铁饼discus throw田径比赛项目。现代铁饼为扁圆形，直径约220公厘，中心比周围厚，用木或类似材料制成，边缘为光滑的金属，用铜片嵌平，重量至少是2公斤（男子项目）和1公斤（女子项目）。运动员在直径25公尺的圆圈内投掷，使铁饼落在从投掷圈圆心画出的40角的扇形区域内。古代奥林匹克竞技会以掷铁饼为五项全能运动之一；现代奥运会上掷铁饼是一项单独的竞赛项目。\n\n你好，请问掷铁饼是怎样的一项田径比赛呢？", - "你好，Human！掷铁饼是一项田径比赛项目，其特点是运动员需要在一个直径25米的圆圈内投掷铁饼，使之落在一个从圆心画出的40度角的扇形区域内。铁饼是扁圆形的，直径约220毫米，中心比周围厚，用木或类似材料制成，边缘为光滑的金属，用铜片嵌平。男子项目的铁饼至少重2公斤，女子项目的铁饼至少重1公斤。古代奥林匹克竞技会将掷铁饼作为五项全能运动之一，现代奥运会将其作为单独的竞赛项目。" + "掷铁饼是一项田径比赛项目，其特点是运动员需要在一个直径25米的圆圈内投掷铁饼，使之落在一个从圆心画出的40度角的扇形区域内。铁饼是扁圆形的，直径约220毫米，中心比周围厚，用木或类似材料制成，边缘为光滑的金属，用铜片嵌平。男子项目的铁饼至少重2公斤，女子项目的铁饼至少重1公斤。古代奥林匹克竞技会将掷铁饼作为五项全能运动之一，现代奥运会将其作为单独的竞赛项目。" ], [ "原来如此，那么在比赛中掷铁饼的技巧和训练方法有哪些呢？", @@ -327883,7 +327883,7 @@ "history": [ [ "秘密警察secret police国家政府设置用来遂行政治和社会控制的警察。秘密警察通常是行动隐密，组织运作也独立于一般警察。在20世纪有不少恶名昭彰的秘密警察，例如纳粹的盖世太保（Gestapo）、俄国的格别乌（KGB）。秘密警察的任务包括逮捕、囚禁、凌虐政敌，以及恫吓非同路人。\n\n我想了解一下秘密警察，比如说它们的主要任务是什么？", - "你好Human，秘密警察是一种国家政府设置用来遂行政治和社会控制的特殊警察。它们的主要任务包括逮捕、囚禁、凌虐政敌，以及恫吓非同路人。由于它们的行动隐密，组织运作独立于一般警察，秘密警察拥有相对较高的权力，但也容易滥用权力。在20世纪，有一些恶名昭彰的秘密警察，如纳粹的盖世太保（Gestapo）和苏联的格别乌（KGB）。" + "秘密警察是一种国家政府设置用来遂行政治和社会控制的特殊警察。它们的主要任务包括逮捕、囚禁、凌虐政敌，以及恫吓非同路人。由于它们的行动隐密，组织运作独立于一般警察，秘密警察拥有相对较高的权力，但也容易滥用权力。在20世纪，有一些恶名昭彰的秘密警察，如纳粹的盖世太保（Gestapo）和苏联的格别乌（KGB）。" ], [ "能否举例说明纳粹的盖世太保和苏联的格别乌的种种暴行？", @@ -328020,7 +328020,7 @@ "history": [ [ "白奈蒂1849～1924年Burnett, Frances (Eliza)原名Frances Eliza Hodgson英国出生的美国剧作家和作家。她最着名的作品是儿童小说《方特勒罗伊小爵爷》（1886），讲一个美国男孩成为一位英国伯爵继承人的故事。《秘密花园》（1909）被认为是她最杰出的作品，也是儿童文学的经典之作。其他作品还有小说《通过一个行政机关》（1883），以华盛顿特区的贪污腐化为题材；和剧本《品质优秀的夫人》（1896）。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我英国作家白奈蒂是在什么时间出生的吗？", - "你好，Human！英国作家白奈蒂（Frances Eliza Hodgson Burnett）出生于1849年。如果您有关于白奈蒂的其他问题，请随时告诉我。" + "英国作家白奈蒂（Frances Eliza Hodgson Burnett）出生于1849年。如果您有关于白奈蒂的其他问题，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，请问她在1924年发生了什么事情？", @@ -328073,7 +328073,7 @@ "history": [ [ "琪塔拉琴kithara古代大型的里拉琴，是希腊人及后来的罗马人的主要弦乐器。有一个箱形共鸣箱，从共鸣箱里伸出两个平行的琴臂，用一根横木连在一起，横木上装了3～12根弦。垂直放置，以拨子弹奏，用左手来停止或减弱弦的振动。希腊史诗歌手常弹奏它来伴唱，后来也用于专业伴奏和独奏。\n\n请问琪塔拉琴kithara是什么样的乐器？", - "你好，Human！琪塔拉琴kithara是一种古代大型里拉琴，主要流行于希腊和罗马时期。它有一个箱形共鸣箱，从共鸣箱里伸出两个平行的琴臂，用一根横木连在一起。横木上装有3到12根弦。它是垂直放置的，音乐家用拨子弹奏，同时用左手来停止或减弱弦的振动。希腊史诗歌手常用它来伴唱，后来也用于专业伴奏和独奏。" + "琪塔拉琴kithara是一种古代大型里拉琴，主要流行于希腊和罗马时期。它有一个箱形共鸣箱，从共鸣箱里伸出两个平行的琴臂，用一根横木连在一起。横木上装有3到12根弦。它是垂直放置的，音乐家用拨子弹奏，同时用左手来停止或减弱弦的振动。希腊史诗歌手常用它来伴唱，后来也用于专业伴奏和独奏。" ], [ "琪塔拉琴如何弹奏？", @@ -328202,7 +328202,7 @@ "history": [ [ "萨摩Satsuma九州南部的日本封建主领地（藩）；为今鹿儿岛地区。萨摩从12世纪末起受到岛津家族的控制，直到1868年的明治维新为止。该家族在1609年占领了九州群岛，并在德川幕府期间持续同九州有贸易往来，而当时日本别的地区与外界的贸易是遭禁止的。这一贸易促进了萨摩经济的发展，并使它与外界有了联系。这在后来19世纪西方势力压迫下，日本被迫开放门户后是很有用处的。这一地区还是学习西方技术的专家：岛津重豪（1745～1833）建立了医学院、数学学院和天文学院，而岛津齐彬（1809～1858）则采用了西方的军事技术和武器装备。这些先进的条件与对德川家族的仇恨使萨摩人以其优势成为了推翻幕府政府的领导力量。亦请参阅Okubo Toshimichi、Saigo Takamori。\n\n你好，请问萨摩地区在日本的地理位置是在哪里？", - "你好，Human！萨摩地区位于日本九州南部，现在被称为鹿儿岛地区。萨摩地区的地理位置使其能够跟九州群岛有贸易往来，在德川幕府时期对这个地区的经济发展和与外界的联系产生了积极影响。希望这个信息能帮你了解到萨摩地区的位置。" + "萨摩地区位于日本九州南部，现在被称为鹿儿岛地区。萨摩地区的地理位置使其能够跟九州群岛有贸易往来，在德川幕府时期对这个地区的经济发展和与外界的联系产生了积极影响。希望这个信息能帮你了解到萨摩地区的位置。" ], [ "谢谢！那在德川幕府时期，为什么日本禁止其他地区与外界贸易，而萨摩地区却可以？", @@ -328221,7 +328221,7 @@ "history": [ [ "柯勒乔约1489～1534年Correggio原名Antonio Allegri义大利文艺复兴时期重要画家。出生于柯勒乔，这个地名以后就成为他的名字。曾在曼图亚研究过曼特尼亚的作品，并且受达文西的影响很大。后来在一次造访罗马时，看见米开朗基罗和拉斐尔的梵谛冈湿壁画，受到很大的鼓舞。1518～1519年在帕尔马传福音圣约翰教堂客厅天花板上的壁画是其艺术成熟后的首批作品，接着又为帕尔马圣乔凡尼埃万杰利斯塔教堂绘制天顶画《基督升天》和教堂后殿的壁画。在帕尔马大教堂所绘的天顶画《圣母升天》达到艺术创造的高峰，成为巴洛克风格天顶画的先驱。其他作品从性质上可分成三类︰巨大的祭坛画，精致的私人宗教奉献画和少数的以神话为题材的人物画。晚期规模宏大、构图统一的壁画和笔触柔和、充满美感的油画，影响着许多巴洛克和洛可可艺术家的风格。\n\n文艺复兴时期的画家柯勒乔约活动在哪个时期？", - "嗨，Human! 柯勒乔约（Correggio）活动在1489年至1534年之间，他是意大利文艺复兴时期的重要画家。他的原名是Antonio Allegri，出生于柯勒乔。后来这个地名便成为了他的名字。希望这个消息对您有帮助！请随时向我提问。" + "嗨! 柯勒乔约（Correggio）活动在1489年至1534年之间，他是意大利文艺复兴时期的重要画家。他的原名是Antonio Allegri，出生于柯勒乔。后来这个地名便成为了他的名字。希望这个消息对您有帮助！请随时向我提问。" ], [ "在柯勒乔约的艺术生涯中，有哪些画家对他有影响？", @@ -328317,7 +328317,7 @@ "history": [ [ "爱尔米塔什博物馆Hermitage (museum)俄罗斯最大的一座博物馆，也是世界最重要的博物馆之一。坐落于圣彼得堡，名称取自毗连于冬宫的「爱尔米塔什」建筑物，建于1764～1767年，是凯萨琳二世收藏其私人珍品的画廊。1796年这位女沙皇过世时，皇室的收藏品估计约有四千多幅画。1837年冬宫被火焚毁后，重建了爱尔米塔什，并在1852年尼古拉一世准予对外开放。布尔什维克革命后，藏品转为公共拥有。此座博物馆现在由五栋相连的建筑物构成，包括冬宫、小爱尔米塔什、旧爱尔米塔什和新爱尔米塔什。此博物馆不单收藏了西方绘画的杰出作品，还另藏大量来自中亚、印度、中国、埃及、前哥伦布时期的美洲、希腊和罗马的艺术品。可从考古文物中了解俄罗斯自史前时期以来的历史。\n\n关于爱尔米塔什博物馆，它是不是俄罗斯最大的博物馆呢？", - "你好，Human。没错，根据你提供的信息，爱尔米塔什博物馆 (Hermitage Museum) 确实是俄罗斯最大的博物馆，同时也是世界上最重要的博物馆之一。" + "没错，根据你提供的信息，爱尔米塔什博物馆 (Hermitage Museum) 确实是俄罗斯最大的博物馆，同时也是世界上最重要的博物馆之一。" ], [ "爱尔米塔什博物馆具体位于哪里？", @@ -328367,7 +328367,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赤膀鸭gadwall常见的羽色单调的小型鸭科鸟类，学名Anas strepera。见于北半球极地附近。是北美最稠密的繁殖种群，见于南、北达科他州和加拿大大草原三省。体褐灰色，翅后的白色块斑仅在飞行时才显出来。喜吃水生植物、茎叶、种子和海藻。常到淡水浅塘和沼泽地与赤颈鸭混合成群，但与赤颈鸭不同，很少到陆地觅食。\n\n请问赤膀鸭的学名是什么？", - "你好，Human。赤膀鸭的学名是Anas strepera。" + "赤膀鸭的学名是Anas strepera。" ], [ "这种鸟主要出现在哪些地区？", @@ -328729,7 +328729,7 @@ "history": [ [ "詹金斯的耳朵战争Jenkins' Ear, War of英国和西班牙的一场战争，开始于1739年，最后扯进奥地利王位继承战争中。1738年罗伯特詹金斯船长出席英国下议院的一个委员会，出示了他的一只被割下来的耳朵。据他说，这只耳朵是在1731年他在西印度群岛时被登上他的船的西班牙海岸警卫队员割下来的。原本舆论早就对西班牙人施加于英国船只的其他暴行十分愤怒，而这场意外事件被国会中反华尔波尔政府的派系所利用。\n\n我想了解一下詹金斯的耳朵战争是如何引发的？", - "你好，Human！詹金斯的耳朵战争（Jenkins' Ear, War of）是一场发生在1739年的战争，英国和西班牙之间的冲突。起因是1738年，英国船长罗伯特·詹金斯在英国下议院出席一个委员会时，展示了他被割下来的一只耳朵。他表示，这只耳朵是在1731年他在西印度群岛时，被西班牙海岸警卫队登上他的船后割下来的。当时，舆论已经对西班牙对英国船只的其他暴行感到愤怒，这起意外事件被国会中反华尔波尔政府的派系所利用，因此爆发了詹金斯的耳朵战争。" + "詹金斯的耳朵战争（Jenkins' Ear, War of）是一场发生在1739年的战争，英国和西班牙之间的冲突。起因是1738年，英国船长罗伯特·詹金斯在英国下议院出席一个委员会时，展示了他被割下来的一只耳朵。他表示，这只耳朵是在1731年他在西印度群岛时，被西班牙海岸警卫队登上他的船后割下来的。当时，舆论已经对西班牙对英国船只的其他暴行感到愤怒，这起意外事件被国会中反华尔波尔政府的派系所利用，因此爆发了詹金斯的耳朵战争。" ], [ "这场战争最后是如何结束的，有什么影响？", @@ -328851,7 +328851,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蒂华纳Tijuana墨西哥下加利福尼亚州西北部城市。该城位于特卡特河畔，近太平洋，距圣地牙哥以南19公里。1862年该城获准成为牧场居民点，后成为边境上赌场游乐地。20世纪该城为美国游客进入墨西哥的主要入口。该城建有许多美国投资的工厂、食物加工工厂及酿酒厂。人口699,000（1990）。\n\n我想了解一下墨西哥的蒂华纳市，能告诉我一些关于这个城市的信息吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。蒂华纳是位于墨西哥下加利福尼亚州西北部的一个城市。它坐落在特卡特河畔，靠近太平洋。蒂华纳距离美国圣地牙哥以南19公里。这个城市曾经是一个牧场居民点，始建于1862年。后来，它成为了边境上的赌场游乐地。蒂华纳在20世纪成为美国游客进入墨西哥的主要入口。目前，该市有许多美国投资的工厂、食品加工厂和酿酒厂。据1990年的数据，蒂华纳的人口约为699,000。" + "当然可以。蒂华纳是位于墨西哥下加利福尼亚州西北部的一个城市。它坐落在特卡特河畔，靠近太平洋。蒂华纳距离美国圣地牙哥以南19公里。这个城市曾经是一个牧场居民点，始建于1862年。后来，它成为了边境上的赌场游乐地。蒂华纳在20世纪成为美国游客进入墨西哥的主要入口。目前，该市有许多美国投资的工厂、食品加工厂和酿酒厂。据1990年的数据，蒂华纳的人口约为699,000。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍！那么蒂华纳的经济情况如何？有哪些主要产业？", @@ -328923,7 +328923,7 @@ "history": [ [ "换能器transducer将一种能量转化成另一种能量的装置。麦克风便是一种把声波转化成电子信号的声音换能器。不同的换能器分别对热、辐射、声、应变、振动、压力、加速做出反应，产生机械、电子、气力或水力等信号。压力计、扬声器、光电管、变压器、温差电偶温度计等都属于换能器。\n\n你好!我想了解一下换能器是怎样的一个设备？", - "你好，Human! 换能器是一种能将一种能量转换成另一种能量的装置。换能器可以对不同类型的能量做出反应，如热能、辐射能、声能、应变、振动、压力和加速度等。根据反应的能量类型和输出信号类型，换能器可以产生机械、电子、气力或水力信号。常见的换能器有压力计、扬声器、光电管、变压器和温差电偶温度计等。" + "换能器是一种能将一种能量转换成另一种能量的装置。换能器可以对不同类型的能量做出反应，如热能、辐射能、声能、应变、振动、压力和加速度等。根据反应的能量类型和输出信号类型，换能器可以产生机械、电子、气力或水力信号。常见的换能器有压力计、扬声器、光电管、变压器和温差电偶温度计等。" ], [ "能介绍一下麦克风是如何把声波转化成电子信号的吗？", @@ -328980,7 +328980,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布隆方丹Bloemfontein南非共和国城市（1991年人口127,000）。位于自由邦省内，滨临莫德河。1846年建为城堡，曾是英属奥兰治河领地（1848～1854）和奥兰治自由邦（独立的布尔人共和国，成立于1854年）。1899年布隆方丹会议的失败导致南非战争的爆发。20世纪时该市成为地理上的交通枢纽。全国最高的司法机关也位于此。亦请参阅Pretoria、Cape Town。\n\n请问布隆方丹是南非的哪个城市？", - "你好，Human。布隆方丹（Bloemfontein）是南非共和国的一个城市，位于自由邦省。这个城市建立于1846年，当时是一个城堡。它的地理位置使得布隆方丹成为了一个交通枢纽。" + "布隆方丹（Bloemfontein）是南非共和国的一个城市，位于自由邦省。这个城市建立于1846年，当时是一个城堡。它的地理位置使得布隆方丹成为了一个交通枢纽。" ], [ "布隆方丹与英属奥兰治河领地和奥兰治自由邦之间有什么关系？", @@ -329106,7 +329106,7 @@ "history": [ [ "康加里沼泽国家保护区Congaree Swamp National Monument在美国南卡罗来纳州中部。1976年设立，由6,150公顷康加里河冲积平原构成。生长有火炬松、枫香树、水紫树、山核桃、橡树（有些是巨树之最）以及稀有和濒临绝种的动植物。\n\n请问美国南卡罗来纳州中部的康加里沼泽国家保护区是什么时候设立的？", - "你好，Human！康加里沼泽国家保护区（Congaree Swamp National Monument）是在1976年设立的。这个保护区位于美国南卡罗来纳州中部，它的主要目的是保护康加里河流域的生态系统，以及生长在此地的珍稀植物和动物。设立保护区有助于保持生态平衡、研究生态学科以及提供人们观赏区域内自然资源的机会。" + "康加里沼泽国家保护区（Congaree Swamp National Monument）是在1976年设立的。这个保护区位于美国南卡罗来纳州中部，它的主要目的是保护康加里河流域的生态系统，以及生长在此地的珍稀植物和动物。设立保护区有助于保持生态平衡、研究生态学科以及提供人们观赏区域内自然资源的机会。" ], [ "再问一下，保护区占地多少面积？", @@ -329354,7 +329354,7 @@ "history": [ [ "内森斯1928～1997年Nathans, Daniel美国微生物学家。获华盛顿大学的医学学位。主要在约翰霍布金斯大学工作。他使用史密斯从细菌中分离出来的限制来研究一种猴子病毒（SV40）的DNA结构，这种病毒是致癌的最简单的病毒。他得出的这种病毒的基因图是限制对癌症分子基础辨认问题的第一个应用。内森斯与史密斯和阿尔伯同获1978年诺贝尔奖生理学或医学奖。\n\n请问内森斯是在哪个国家的微生物学家？", - "你好，Human！内森斯（Daniel Nathans）是美国的一位著名微生物学家。他在微生物学领域做出了很多重要的贡献，并因此获得了许多荣誉。如果您有什么关于他的其他问题，请随时提问。" + "内森斯（Daniel Nathans）是美国的一位著名微生物学家。他在微生物学领域做出了很多重要的贡献，并因此获得了许多荣誉。如果您有什么关于他的其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "内森斯主要在哪所大学工作？", @@ -329373,7 +329373,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布里斯托海峡Bristol Channel英格兰西南部的大西洋海湾。从威尔斯南部延伸135公里至英格兰西南部，约8～69公里宽。海峡中央的兰迪岛曾是海盗据点，现为一个托管协会所有。通过海峡的船只在英格兰港口布里斯托和威尔斯港口斯温西、加地夫停泊。\n\n你好，请告诉我关于布里斯托海峡的一些基本信息。", - "你好，Human。布里斯托海峡位于英国西南部，是连接威尔士南部和英格兰西南部的大西洋海湾。它全长约135公里，宽度在8至69公里之间。其中，海峡中央的兰迪岛曾是海盗的据点，现在由一个托管协会所有。布里斯托海峡上的船只往来于英格兰的布里斯托港口和威尔士的斯温西、加地夫港口。" + "布里斯托海峡位于英国西南部，是连接威尔士南部和英格兰西南部的大西洋海湾。它全长约135公里，宽度在8至69公里之间。其中，海峡中央的兰迪岛曾是海盗的据点，现在由一个托管协会所有。布里斯托海峡上的船只往来于英格兰的布里斯托港口和威尔士的斯温西、加地夫港口。" ], [ "兰迪岛曾是海盗据点，能分享更多有关这段历史的信息吗？", @@ -329552,7 +329552,7 @@ "history": [ [ "纽曼1801～1890年Newman, John Henry以枢机主教纽曼（Cardinal Newman）知名英国教会人士和学者。就读于牛津大学，1833年成为牛津运动的领袖。该运动强调英国宗教传统中的天主教因素，要求整顿圣公会。1845年被接纳入罗马天主教会，但他那准自由主义的精神引起教会里更严格的神职人员对他的怀疑。金斯利对他的挑战促使他对自己的思想历史写出有说服力的说明，即受到广泛赞扬的《为自己的一生辩护》（1864）。这个作品保证了他在教会中的地位，1879年成为枢机助祭。他还写了几首包括〈慈光引领〉在内的赞美诗、神学着作以及宗教诗歌。\n\n请问你知道纽曼1801-1890年这个人物吗？", - "你好，Human。我知道这个人物，他的全名是约翰 · 亨利 · 纽曼（John Henry Newman），英国著名教会人士和学者。他是英国宗教界的一个重要领导人物，曾是牛津运动的领袖。这个运动主张恢复英国宗教传统中的天主教因素，并要求整顿圣公会。纽曼后来加入罗马天主教会，但他的准自由主义精神引起更严格的神职人员的怀疑。在一场与金斯利的思想交锋后，纽曼写了一部著名的自传《为自己的一生辩护》（1864），用以阐述和捍卫他的信仰观念。这部作品使他在教会中的地位得以巩固，1879年被提升为枢机助祭。他还创作了多部赞美诗、神学著作和宗教诗歌。" + "我知道这个人物，他的全名是约翰 · 亨利 · 纽曼（John Henry Newman），英国著名教会人士和学者。他是英国宗教界的一个重要领导人物，曾是牛津运动的领袖。这个运动主张恢复英国宗教传统中的天主教因素，并要求整顿圣公会。纽曼后来加入罗马天主教会，但他的准自由主义精神引起更严格的神职人员的怀疑。在一场与金斯利的思想交锋后，纽曼写了一部著名的自传《为自己的一生辩护》（1864），用以阐述和捍卫他的信仰观念。这部作品使他在教会中的地位得以巩固，1879年被提升为枢机助祭。他还创作了多部赞美诗、神学著作和宗教诗歌。" ], [ "纽曼是如何成为牛津运动的领袖的？", @@ -329636,7 +329636,7 @@ "history": [ [ "罗西尼1792～1868年Rossini, Gioacchino (Antonio)义大利作曲家。童年时在教堂唱歌及出演歌剧中的小角色。十二岁开始作曲，十四岁进入波隆那音乐学校学习，在那里主要创作宗教音乐。1812年起他以惊人的速度创作剧院作品。十五年中他一直主导了义大利歌剧的舞台。他的主要成功作品包括《阿尔及尔的义大利女郎》（1813）、《奥塞罗》（1816）、《塞维尔的理发师》（1816）、《鹊贼》（1817）、《摩西的埃及旅程》（1818）、《科林斯之围》（1826）和《塞米拉米德》（1823）。他的速度和冷淡态度使他看起来似乎显得随意粗心，但实际上并非如此。他创造的音乐规则一直主宰着义大利歌剧的形式直到威尔第的出现，而他的机智与运用新发明的能力则是无人可匹敌的。从1824年起他大部分时间都在巴黎度过，在那里创作了其杰作《威廉泰尔》（1829）。1832年后他的健康状况不佳，鲜有作品，直到1868年问世了精彩的系列钢琴套曲与歌曲集《我晚年之罪孽》。\n\n我想了解一下罗西尼这位作曲家，能向我介绍一下他的背景和成就吗？", - "你好，Human！我很高兴为你介绍罗西尼（Gioacchino Antonio Rossini，1792-1868）。他是一位意大利作曲家，在歌剧界具有很高的成就。罗西尼童年时在教堂唱歌及出演歌剧的小角色。他12岁开始作曲，14岁进入波隆那音乐学校学习，在那里主要创作宗教音乐。1812年以后，他开始以惊人的速度创作剧院作品。在接下来的15年里，罗西尼一直主导了意大利歌剧的舞台。他的主要成功作品包括《阿尔及尔的义大利女郎》（1813）、《奥塞罗》（1816）、《塞维尔的理发师》（1816）、《鹊贼》（1817）、《摩西的埃及旅程》（1818）、《科林斯之围》（1826）和《塞米拉米德》（1823）等。" + "我很高兴为你介绍罗西尼（Gioacchino Antonio Rossini，1792-1868）。他是一位意大利作曲家，在歌剧界具有很高的成就。罗西尼童年时在教堂唱歌及出演歌剧的小角色。他12岁开始作曲，14岁进入波隆那音乐学校学习，在那里主要创作宗教音乐。1812年以后，他开始以惊人的速度创作剧院作品。在接下来的15年里，罗西尼一直主导了意大利歌剧的舞台。他的主要成功作品包括《阿尔及尔的义大利女郎》（1813）、《奥塞罗》（1816）、《塞维尔的理发师》（1816）、《鹊贼》（1817）、《摩西的埃及旅程》（1818）、《科林斯之围》（1826）和《塞米拉米德》（1823）等。" ], [ "他的作品有什么特点和影响呢？", @@ -329961,7 +329961,7 @@ "history": [ [ "翱翔运动soaring亦称滑翔运动（gliding）驾驶滑翔器或翱翔机的运动。其器械由带能源的飞机牵引至约600公尺的高空，然后被释放。滑翔员利用温暖空气的上升气流，如阳光照射原野所产生的上升暖气流，来保持或上升到一定的高度。使用的仪表包括高度表、空速表、磁罗盘和转弯倾斜仪。每年举行的国家比赛包括高度、速度、距离和定点降落等项目。\n\n请问滑翔运动是如何开始的？", - "你好，Human。滑翔运动（gliding）或称翱翔运动（soaring），是驾驶滑翔器或翱翔机的运动。运动开始时，滑翔器会由带能源的飞机牵引至约600米的高空，然后被释放。驾驶员会在之后利用温暖空气的上升气流，如阳光照射原野产生的上升暖气流，来保持或上升到一定的高度。这样一来，滑翔员就可以开始体验滑翔运动了。" + "滑翔运动（gliding）或称翱翔运动（soaring），是驾驶滑翔器或翱翔机的运动。运动开始时，滑翔器会由带能源的飞机牵引至约600米的高空，然后被释放。驾驶员会在之后利用温暖空气的上升气流，如阳光照射原野产生的上升暖气流，来保持或上升到一定的高度。这样一来，滑翔员就可以开始体验滑翔运动了。" ], [ "滑翔运动中都需要使用哪些仪表呢？", @@ -330037,7 +330037,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西伐利亚Westphalia普鲁士旧州，今属德国。约于700年时西伐利亚人（萨克森人的一支）在此定居，1180年建立公爵领地，数百年来受科隆大主教管辖。「西伐利亚和约」（1648）在明斯特签字。1807年拿破仑为其弟热罗姆建立西伐利亚王国，首府设在卡塞尔。1815年受维也纳会议重组，1816年成为普鲁士一州，包括首府明斯特在内。第二次世界大战时受到严重轰炸。1946年被分割成西德的北莱茵-西伐利亚、下萨克森和黑森等州。\n\n请问西伐利亚在德国的历史演变是怎样的？", - "你好，Human！西伐利亚（Westphalia）的历史可追溯到约700年时，当时西伐利亚人（一支萨克森人）在此地定居。后来，在1180年，这里建立了一个公爵领地，并在接下来的数百年间受到科隆大主教的管辖。直到1648年，西伐利亚和约在明斯特签订。1807年，拿破仑为其弟热罗姆建立了西伐利亚王国，首府设在卡塞尔。然后，1815年维也纳会议重组了西伐利亚，次年（1816年）成为普鲁士的一州。第二次世界大战期间，西伐利亚遭受了严重的轰炸。1946年，它被分割为西德的北莱茵-西伐利亚、下萨克森和黑森等州。" + "西伐利亚（Westphalia）的历史可追溯到约700年时，当时西伐利亚人（一支萨克森人）在此地定居。后来，在1180年，这里建立了一个公爵领地，并在接下来的数百年间受到科隆大主教的管辖。直到1648年，西伐利亚和约在明斯特签订。1807年，拿破仑为其弟热罗姆建立了西伐利亚王国，首府设在卡塞尔。然后，1815年维也纳会议重组了西伐利亚，次年（1816年）成为普鲁士的一州。第二次世界大战期间，西伐利亚遭受了严重的轰炸。1946年，它被分割为西德的北莱茵-西伐利亚、下萨克森和黑森等州。" ], [ "请告诉我关于《西伐利亚和约》的一些详细信息。", @@ -330440,7 +330440,7 @@ "history": [ [ "镗床boring machine用镗刀在工件上扩大预制孔，使孔光滑而精确的机床。镗刀可以是具有单刃的钢、硬质合金或金钢石刀具，或是小砂轮。镗出的孔径大小由调整镗头控制。镗出的孔在圆整性、同心性和平行性方面较钻孔来得准确。工具制造车间所用的镗床，有一根垂直主轴和一个夹持工件的工作台，可在彼此相互垂直的两个方向作水平运动，因此能制出准确的孔距。在大量生产的工厂里，一般使用带有多主轴的镗床。亦请参阅drill、drill press、lathe。\n\n请问镗床是用来做什么的？", - "你好，Human！镗床（boring machine）是一种机床，主要用于在工件上扩大预制孔，以使孔光滑且精确。镗床采用镗刀作为刀具，可以是具有单刃的钢、硬质合金或金钢石刀具，或是小砂轮。它能比钻孔更准确地满足圆整性、同心性和平行性方面的要求。" + "镗床（boring machine）是一种机床，主要用于在工件上扩大预制孔，以使孔光滑且精确。镗床采用镗刀作为刀具，可以是具有单刃的钢、硬质合金或金钢石刀具，或是小砂轮。它能比钻孔更准确地满足圆整性、同心性和平行性方面的要求。" ], [ "那么镗床是如何调整孔径大小的呢？", @@ -331105,7 +331105,7 @@ "history": [ [ "抗代谢物antimetabolite对于活细胞利用或合成其所需物质过程中的基本化学变化具有特异拮抗作用的物质。这类变化过程包括多个由催化的反应。其中任何一个反应均可被某个结构上与底物相似的抗代谢物所阻断；抗代谢物与结合，从而阻止与其底物互相作用。由活机体（如真菌）所产生的抗代谢物称为抗生素。为了发现对癌等疾病可能有效的新的抗代谢物，已经合成了许多化合物。\n\n我刚刚阅读了一段关于抗代谢物的内容，我有一些问题想请教你。首先，你能简单地解释一下抗代谢物antimetabolite是什么吗？", - "你好，Human。抗代谢物（antimetabolite）是一种能够对活细胞在利用或合成其所需物质过程中的基本化学变化产生特异拮抗作用的物质。这种基本化学变化过程通常包括多个由催化的反应。抗代谢物的作用原理是与底物结构相似的化学结构使其能够与反应中的物质结合，从而阻止与底物互相作用，进而阻断这个反应。" + "抗代谢物（antimetabolite）是一种能够对活细胞在利用或合成其所需物质过程中的基本化学变化产生特异拮抗作用的物质。这种基本化学变化过程通常包括多个由催化的反应。抗代谢物的作用原理是与底物结构相似的化学结构使其能够与反应中的物质结合，从而阻止与底物互相作用，进而阻断这个反应。" ], [ "明白了，那么抗代谢物是如何应用在治疗癌症等疾病上的？", @@ -331158,7 +331158,7 @@ "history": [ [ "苏比克湾Subic Bay菲律宾吕宋岛西南部中国海的小海湾。1901年起为美国操纵的苏比克湾海军基地所在地，是菲律宾最大的海军设施。该地区在第二次世界大战期间曾遭严重破坏，并在1942～1944年间被日本占领。该基地在越战（1955～1975）供给和维修中曾发挥重要作用。1992年归还菲律宾，现有计画将其建设成一个自由贸易区。\n\n请问苏比克湾位于哪个国家？", - "你好，Human！苏比克湾位于菲律宾，是该国吕宋岛西南部中国海的一个小海湾。菲律宾是一个位于东南亚的国家，由多个岛屿组成。苏比克湾作为一个地理位置的海湾，它拥有丰富的历史和军事背景。" + "苏比克湾位于菲律宾，是该国吕宋岛西南部中国海的一个小海湾。菲律宾是一个位于东南亚的国家，由多个岛屿组成。苏比克湾作为一个地理位置的海湾，它拥有丰富的历史和军事背景。" ], [ "苏比克湾有什么著名的军事设施吗？", @@ -331237,7 +331237,7 @@ "history": [ [ "竖笛recorder带孔的圆柱形吹奏乐器，通常是木材做成。为一种管乐器，它的圆润的音调是靠把气引向冲击下面的锐边产生的。一个大型的竖笛家族包括从超高音直笛到低音大提琴的多种乐器。竖笛最初出现在14世纪，在文艺复兴晚期和巴洛克时期常常被合唱队和管弦乐队使用。后被长笛代替，但在20世纪复兴。\n\n你好，请问竖笛这种乐器是什么时候出现的？", - "你好，Human！竖笛这种乐器最初出现在14世纪。它在文艺复兴晚期和巴洛克时期常常被合唱队和管弦乐队使用。后来被长笛所取代，不过在20世纪又得到复兴。" + "竖笛这种乐器最初出现在14世纪。它在文艺复兴晚期和巴洛克时期常常被合唱队和管弦乐队使用。后来被长笛所取代，不过在20世纪又得到复兴。" ], [ "竖笛是由什么材料制成的呢？", @@ -331481,7 +331481,7 @@ "history": [ [ "吉拉尼谟1829～1908年Geronimo印第安人阿帕契族领袖。1874年，美国当局强迫阿帕契族迁往亚利桑那州的不毛之地。当他们为寻求食粮而出去掠夺时，遭到美军的残酷镇压。于是吉拉尼谟率领族人离开保留地，展开反白人的武装斗争。1882年美军进行围剿，他经过多次反击，于1886年3月被迫投降，因为害怕遭到不测，在边界地区逃走。此后，被美军追踪五个月，行程达2,647公里。他在1886年投降，服苦役。后被安置在奥克拉荷马州一处保留区中在，那里完成其自传《吉拉尼谟︰他的故事》。\n\n你好，请简要介绍一下吉拉尼谟。", - "你好，Human! 吉拉尼谟（1829-1908年）是印第安人阿帕契族的领袖。他因为美国当局强迫阿帕契族迁往亚利桑那州的不毛建地而领导族人进行反白人的武装斗争。经过多次反击和被围剿，吉拉尼谟在1886年投降，后来被安置在奥克拉荷马州的保留区，并完成自传《吉拉尼谟：他的故事》。" + "吉拉尼谟（1829-1908年）是印第安人阿帕契族的领袖。他因为美国当局强迫阿帕契族迁往亚利桑那州的不毛建地而领导族人进行反白人的武装斗争。经过多次反击和被围剿，吉拉尼谟在1886年投降，后来被安置在奥克拉荷马州的保留区，并完成自传《吉拉尼谟：他的故事》。" ], [ "为什么美国当局会强迫阿帕契族迁往亚利桑那州的不毛之地？", @@ -331940,7 +331940,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伊斯纳德isnad伊斯兰教用语，传述穆罕默德、他的家人或撒哈比的教诲和行为的权威人士名单。每次这样的传述（称为「圣训」）包括传下来的一串权威人士的名单，使用的格式是：「『据某甲对某乙说，某乙对某丙说，某丙对某丁说，某丁又对我说，穆罕默德说：『……』」。亦请参阅ilm al-hadith。\n\n我想了解一下伊斯兰教的伊斯纳德（isnad）是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。伊斯纳德是伊斯兰教中关于圣训传承的一种方式。它指的是一系列权威人士名单，用于确保圣训（即穆罕默德、他的家人或撒哈比的教诲和行为）的准确性和可靠性。这一串权威人士的名单说明了圣训的传递过程，通常使用这样的格式：“据某甲对某乙说，某乙对某丙说，某丙对某丁说，某丁又对我说，穆罕默德说：‘……’”。这样的传递方式有助于保证圣训内容的原汁原味，避免了误导和误解。" + "伊斯纳德是伊斯兰教中关于圣训传承的一种方式。它指的是一系列权威人士名单，用于确保圣训（即穆罕默德、他的家人或撒哈比的教诲和行为）的准确性和可靠性。这一串权威人士的名单说明了圣训的传递过程，通常使用这样的格式：“据某甲对某乙说，某乙对某丙说，某丙对某丁说，某丁又对我说，穆罕默德说：‘……’”。这样的传递方式有助于保证圣训内容的原汁原味，避免了误导和误解。" ], [ "那么这种传承方式和伊尔姆·阿尔·哈迪斯（ilm al-hadith）有什么关系？", @@ -332561,7 +332561,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴斯德氏杆菌属Pasteurella为纪念巴斯德而命名的杆状细菌属名，可使家畜、家禽罹患数种严重疾病，并使人类罹患较轻的传染病。其成员为革兰氏阴性（参阅gram stain），不能运动，也不需要氧气。所引起的传染病总称为巴斯德氏杆菌病，传布颇广，一般由直接接触传染，偶由蜱与蚤的某些种传播。可用疫苗防治，也可用青霉素或其他抗生素来治疗。\n\n我想了解一下巴斯德氏杆菌，这是什么样的细菌？", - "你好，Human。巴斯德氏杆菌属是一类以法国微生物学家巴斯德命名的细菌。这类细菌通常为革兰氏阴性的杆状细菌，它们不能运动且无需氧气生存。巴斯德氏杆菌会引起家畜、家禽和人类感染，给人类带来较轻的传染病，而给家畜家禽带来严重的疾病。总的来说，这类细菌引发的传染病被称为巴斯德氏杆菌病。" + "巴斯德氏杆菌属是一类以法国微生物学家巴斯德命名的细菌。这类细菌通常为革兰氏阴性的杆状细菌，它们不能运动且无需氧气生存。巴斯德氏杆菌会引起家畜、家禽和人类感染，给人类带来较轻的传染病，而给家畜家禽带来严重的疾病。总的来说，这类细菌引发的传染病被称为巴斯德氏杆菌病。" ], [ "那么，巴斯德氏杆菌病是如何传播的呢？", @@ -332580,7 +332580,7 @@ "history": [ [ "考尔德1898～1976年Calder, Alexander (Stirling)美国雕刻家。出生于艺术家庭。原本攻读机械工程，1923年参加由所谓「垃圾箱」派画家领导的艺术学生联合会，1924年开始为《国家警察报》画插图。1926年赴巴黎从事雕刻，同时开始用木头和金属线制造玩具动物和马戏团人物，从此发展出着名的微型马戏团，后来导致他创造不朽的金属线雕塑作品。1930年代在巴黎和美国打开知名度，不仅因雕刻着名，也以肖像画、连续线条画，以及抽象的、原动力驱动的建筑闻名。他是活动雕塑的发明者，即动态雕刻的先驱。考尔德也建造非动态式的作品，以稳固着称，还帮人设计地毯、挂毯、珠宝和图书插画。其事业长久又成功。\n\n我刚刚了解了一些关于美国雕刻家考尔德的信息，想问一下他的艺术成就有哪些？", - "你好Human，很高兴帮助你了解有关考尔德的艺术成就。考尔德是一位多才多艺的雕刻家，他在雕刻方面取得了举世闻名的成就，特别是在微型马戏团和金属线雕塑方面。此外，他还因肖像画、连续线条画，以及抽象的、原动力驱动的建筑而闻名。考尔德是活动雕塑的发明者，被认为是动态雕刻的先驱。除雕塑以外，他还为人们设计地毯、挂毯、珠宝和图书插画。可以说，考尔德的艺术成就丰富而多元。" + "很高兴帮助你了解有关考尔德的艺术成就。考尔德是一位多才多艺的雕刻家，他在雕刻方面取得了举世闻名的成就，特别是在微型马戏团和金属线雕塑方面。此外，他还因肖像画、连续线条画，以及抽象的、原动力驱动的建筑而闻名。考尔德是活动雕塑的发明者，被认为是动态雕刻的先驱。除雕塑以外，他还为人们设计地毯、挂毯、珠宝和图书插画。可以说，考尔德的艺术成就丰富而多元。" ], [ "能详细给我说明一下考尔德创作的金属线雕塑的特点吗？", @@ -332683,7 +332683,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿尔门都斯1930～1992年Almendros, Nestor西班牙电影摄影师。1948年从西班牙移居古巴，拍了几部记录片。1961年迁居法国，与侯麦（Eric Rohmer）合拍《慕德之夜》（My Night at Maud's, 1969）和《克莱儿之膝》（Claire's Knee, 1970），与楚浮（Fran?ois Truffaut）合拍《野孩子》（The Wild Child, 1970）。他在美国拍摄许多影片，如《天堂岁月》（Days of Heaven, 1978，获奥斯卡最佳摄影奖）、《最后地下铁》（The Last Metro, 1980）、《苏菲亚的选择》（Sophie's Choice, 1982）和《强者为王》（Billy Bathgate, 1991）。\n\n你好，我想了解一下Nestor Almendros这位电影摄影师的生平和作品，能帮我解释一下吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。Nestor Almendros（阿尔门都斯）是一位西班牙电影摄影师，出生于1930年，逝世于1992年。他职业生涯的重要转折点是1948年从西班牙移居古巴，在那里拍摄了几部纪录片。1961年，他又迁居至法国，拍摄了一系列知名影片。这里是关于他的一些重要作品和合作伙伴：\n\n1. 与侯麦（Eric Rohmer）合拍的《慕德之夜》（My Night at Maud's, 1969）\n2. 与侯麦（Eric Rohmer）合拍的《克莱儿之膝》（Claire's Knee, 1970）\n3. 与楚浮（François Truffaut）合拍的《野孩子》（The Wild Child, 1970）\n\n此外，他还在美国拍摄了许多电影，例如：\n1. 《天堂岁月》（Days of Heaven, 1978），这部影片为他赢得了奥斯卡最佳摄影奖\n2. 《最后地下铁》（The Last Metro, 1980）\n3. 《苏菲亚的选择》（Sophie's Choice, 1982）\n4. 《强者为王》（Billy Bathgate, 1991）\n\n希望这些信息对你有所帮助！" + "当然可以。Nestor Almendros（阿尔门都斯）是一位西班牙电影摄影师，出生于1930年，逝世于1992年。他职业生涯的重要转折点是1948年从西班牙移居古巴，在那里拍摄了几部纪录片。1961年，他又迁居至法国，拍摄了一系列知名影片。这里是关于他的一些重要作品和合作伙伴：\n\n1. 与侯麦（Eric Rohmer）合拍的《慕德之夜》（My Night at Maud's, 1969）\n2. 与侯麦（Eric Rohmer）合拍的《克莱儿之膝》（Claire's Knee, 1970）\n3. 与楚浮（François Truffaut）合拍的《野孩子》（The Wild Child, 1970）\n\n此外，他还在美国拍摄了许多电影，例如：\n1. 《天堂岁月》（Days of Heaven, 1978），这部影片为他赢得了奥斯卡最佳摄影奖\n2. 《最后地下铁》（The Last Metro, 1980）\n3. 《苏菲亚的选择》（Sophie's Choice, 1982）\n4. 《强者为王》（Billy Bathgate, 1991）\n\n希望这些信息对你有所帮助！" ], [ "多谢你的详细解释。在成为电影摄影师这条路上，阿尔门都斯面临了哪些挑战呢？", @@ -333097,7 +333097,7 @@ "history": [ [ "约米尼1779～1869年Jomini, (Antoine-)Henri, baron de瑞士裔法国将领、军事理论家。在志愿从事法国陆军指派的工作（1798～1800）后，写了《论大战》（5卷；1805）一书。拿破仑读后，任命为上校参谋。签定「季尔锡特条约」（1807）后被封为男爵。后升任参谋长，但因受歧视而辞职（1813），离开法军后为法国的死敌俄国作战。在他后来众多的军事史和战略着作中，最着名的是《战略学原理》（1818）和《战争艺术提要》（1838）。他最早确定战略、战术和后勤学之间的分野。由于系统阐述战争原理而被尊为现代军事思想奠基人之一。\n\n你好，请告诉我关于Jomini，他是谁？", - "你好，Human！Jomini（Antoine-Henri, baron de Jomini) 是一位瑞士裔法国将领和军事理论家，活动于1779年至1869年间。他的军事思想和理论对现代战争理论有重大影响。他志愿加入法国陆军，并最终在拿破仑的法国军队中担任要职。他的著作包括《论大战》、《战略学原理》和《战争艺术提要》等，对战争原理进行了系统阐述，并成为现代军事思想奠基人之一。" + "Jomini（Antoine-Henri, baron de Jomini) 是一位瑞士裔法国将领和军事理论家，活动于1779年至1869年间。他的军事思想和理论对现代战争理论有重大影响。他志愿加入法国陆军，并最终在拿破仑的法国军队中担任要职。他的著作包括《论大战》、《战略学原理》和《战争艺术提要》等，对战争原理进行了系统阐述，并成为现代军事思想奠基人之一。" ], [ "能否简述一下Jomini的《战争艺术提要》的内容？", @@ -333629,7 +333629,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鹦鹉螺号Nautilus历史上至少有三艘潜艇以此为号。1800年法国的富尔敦建造了最早的潜水艇鹦鹉螺号；它有一个可折叠的桅杆，可以在水面上航行，有一个用手转动的动力推进器。1886年英国的甘贝尔和艾许（James Ash）建造了一艘鹦鹉螺号潜水艇，用电池作电源的电动机推动。1954年世界上第一艘用核动力的美国海军潜艇下水，也采用了鹦鹉螺号这个名字。它在水下潜航的时间比以前任何一艘潜艇的都更长。1958年它作了一次历史性的北极冰盖下的潜航，从阿拉斯加的巴罗角到达格陵兰海。\n\n我想了解一下关于历史上的鹦鹉螺号潜艇，可以详细介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human! 当然可以。至今，历史上有三艘著名的鹦鹉螺号潜艇。第一艘鹦鹉螺号潜艇诞生于1800年，由法国富尔敦建造。这艘潜艇具有可折叠的桅杆，能在水面上航行，并通过手动转动推进器推动前进。第二艘鹦鹉螺号出现在英国，由甘贝尔和James Ash于1886年建造，这艘潜艇使用了电池作为电源的电动机。第三艘鹦鹉螺号是1954年美国海军建造的世界上第一艘核动力潜艇，它在水下潜航的时间比以前的任何潜艇都更长，1958年还完成了一次北极冰盖下的潜航，从阿拉斯加的巴罗角到达格陵兰海。" + "当然可以。至今，历史上有三艘著名的鹦鹉螺号潜艇。第一艘鹦鹉螺号潜艇诞生于1800年，由法国富尔敦建造。这艘潜艇具有可折叠的桅杆，能在水面上航行，并通过手动转动推进器推动前进。第二艘鹦鹉螺号出现在英国，由甘贝尔和James Ash于1886年建造，这艘潜艇使用了电池作为电源的电动机。第三艘鹦鹉螺号是1954年美国海军建造的世界上第一艘核动力潜艇，它在水下潜航的时间比以前的任何潜艇都更长，1958年还完成了一次北极冰盖下的潜航，从阿拉斯加的巴罗角到达格陵兰海。" ], [ "对于第一艘鹦鹉螺号潜艇，法国富尔敦是如何设计出这样的潜艇的？", @@ -333850,7 +333850,7 @@ "history": [ [ "列子Liezi亦拼作Lieh-tzu中国道家经典。虽然过去都认为《列子》一书乃得名于作者，但以此书目前之形式推测，此书可能出现于三世纪或四世纪。此书与早期道家经典相似，都强调神秘的道（路向）。其中〈杨朱〉一章表示，违逆至道不过是徒劳无益；该书并主张，人在一生中所能期昐者不外乎性、音乐、肉体之美好与物质的丰裕。此一极端重视自我利益、对生命持宿命论的信念，乃是道家思想史上的新发展。\n\n你好，请问《列子》这本书是道家经典吗？", - "你好，Human！ 是的，《列子》是中国道家经典之一。它与早期道家经典有相似之处，都强调神秘的道（路向）。虽然以前认为《列子》这本书是以作者列子的名字命名的，不过根据目前的研究，《列子》可能出现于三世纪或四世纪。" + " 是的，《列子》是中国道家经典之一。它与早期道家经典有相似之处，都强调神秘的道（路向）。虽然以前认为《列子》这本书是以作者列子的名字命名的，不过根据目前的研究，《列子》可能出现于三世纪或四世纪。" ], [ "《列子》与其他道家经典有什么相似之处？", @@ -333987,7 +333987,7 @@ "history": [ [ "罗马法Roman law罗马共和国与罗马帝国的法律。罗马法对大多数西方文明的发展都有影响。它涵盖了继承权益、义务关系（包括契约）、财产（包括奴隶）和个人权益。大多数法律都是在主要由贵族家族主导的议会上通过的，虽然行政官的裁定也很重要。后来的皇帝们都越过这些形式而发布他们自己的政令。法官的解释也在法律上占有份量。尽管作了各种尝试来收集和简化现有的法律（从十二铜表法开始），但至今最成功的是查士丁尼一世所做的努力，他的法典超越了所有以前的法律，成为罗马帝国的法律遗产。罗马的法律程序是现代民法国家中的程序基础。在共和国早期，原告必须请被告上法庭，或用武力迫使他出庭。然后由行政官在陪审员（judex）或杰出人士（门外汉）面前决定是否要继续审理该案件。陪审员倾听辩护律师的论点，并向证人提问；他可作出决定，但无权执行。在共和国后期，行政官和法院有了更大的权力：由法院发出传唤；只在一个行政官面前举行审判；并由法院负责判决的执行。\n\n关于罗马法，我想了解一下它对西方文明的影响，以及其中涵盖的主要法律领域。", - "你好，Human！罗马法对大多数西方文明的发展都有很大的影响，它的法律观念和制度在很多国家中得以传承和发展。罗马法涵盖的主要法律领域包括继承权益、义务关系（如契约）、财产（包括奴隶）和个人权益。通过对这些法律领域的研究和实践，罗马法为后世民法国家的发展奠定了基础。" + "罗马法对大多数西方文明的发展都有很大的影响，它的法律观念和制度在很多国家中得以传承和发展。罗马法涵盖的主要法律领域包括继承权益、义务关系（如契约）、财产（包括奴隶）和个人权益。通过对这些法律领域的研究和实践，罗马法为后世民法国家的发展奠定了基础。" ], [ "罗马共和国和罗马帝国时期，法律是在什么样的机构中制定的？有哪些特殊的制定法律方式？", @@ -334181,7 +334181,7 @@ "history": [ [ "全国篮球协会National Basketball Association (NBA)美国职业篮球运动组织，1949年由两个原来对立的组织全国篮球联盟（1937年建立）与美国篮球协会（1946年建立）合并而成。1976年又扩大吸收了前美国篮球协会（1967年建立）的四个队。全国篮球协会的成员分为两个分会，每个分会又分为两个组。东部分会包括大西洋组（波士顿塞尔蒂克队、迈阿密热火队、新泽西篮网队、纽约尼克队、奥兰多魔术队、费城七六人队和华盛顿巫师队）和中央组（亚特兰大老鹰队、夏洛特黄蜂队、芝加哥公牛队、克利夫兰骑士队、底特律活塞队、印第安纳溜马队和密尔瓦基公鹿队和多伦多猛龙队）。西部分会包括中西组（达拉斯小牛队、丹佛金块队、休斯顿火箭队、孟菲斯灰熊队、明尼苏达灰狼队、圣安东尼奥马刺队和犹他爵士队）和太平洋组（金州勇士队、洛杉矶快艇队、洛杉矶湖人队、凤凰城太阳队、波特兰拓荒者队、沙加缅度国王队和西雅图超音速队）。\n\n请问NBA是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！NBA（全国篮球协会）是在1949年成立的。它是由原来的两个对立组织，全国篮球联盟（成立于1937年）和美国篮球协会（成立于1946年）合并而成的。" + "NBA（全国篮球协会）是在1949年成立的。它是由原来的两个对立组织，全国篮球联盟（成立于1937年）和美国篮球协会（成立于1946年）合并而成的。" ], [ "那么NBA是如何分为两个分会的？这两个分会是如何划分的？", @@ -334261,7 +334261,7 @@ "history": [ [ "欧洲一致原则Concert of Europe拿破仑时代之后所用的一个术语，表示欧洲各国在保持领土现状及政治现状上的意见一致但未明确阐明的共识。这使大国在有些国家发生内乱时得以有权有责进行干涉，并将大国的集体意志强加于这些国家。包括艾克斯拉沙佩勒会议、特罗保会议和莱巴赫会议。\n\n欧洲一致原则（Concert of Europe）是什么？", - "你好，Human。欧洲一致原则（Concert of Europe） 是指拿破仑战争时期之后的欧洲大国，在维护欧洲领土现状和政治现状的基础上达成的一个尚未明确阐明的共识。这种共识使得大国在某些国家爆发内乱时有权有责进行干涉，并对这些国家施加大国的集体意志。" + "欧洲一致原则（Concert of Europe） 是指拿破仑战争时期之后的欧洲大国，在维护欧洲领土现状和政治现状的基础上达成的一个尚未明确阐明的共识。这种共识使得大国在某些国家爆发内乱时有权有责进行干涉，并对这些国家施加大国的集体意志。" ], [ "能谈谈这个原则出现的背景吗？", @@ -334459,7 +334459,7 @@ "history": [ [ "熔岩层国家保护区Lava Beds National Monument美国加州北部地区。以近代的熔岩流以及相关的火山活动形成为特色，包含深邃的陷窟、火山喷口以及高达90公尺的火山锥。莫多克印第安人战争（1872～1873）的主要战场就位于这个占地186平方公里的保护区里。1925年设立国家保护区。\n\n你好。请问你知道熔岩层国家保护区Lava Beds National Monument吗？", - "你好，Human。我知道熔岩层国家保护区（Lava Beds National Monument）。这个保护区位于美国加州的北部，以近代的熔岩流以及相关的火山活动形成为特色。熔岩层国家保护区包含深邃的陷窟、火山喷口以及高达90米的火山锥。其中，莫多克印第安人战争（1872～1873）的主要战场就设在这个占地186平方公里的保护区内。这座保护区起始于1925年。" + "我知道熔岩层国家保护区（Lava Beds National Monument）。这个保护区位于美国加州的北部，以近代的熔岩流以及相关的火山活动形成为特色。熔岩层国家保护区包含深邃的陷窟、火山喷口以及高达90米的火山锥。其中，莫多克印第安人战争（1872～1873）的主要战场就设在这个占地186平方公里的保护区内。这座保护区起始于1925年。" ], [ "谢谢。那这个保护区都有哪些特色呢？", @@ -334630,7 +334630,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡利亚里Cagliari拉丁语作卡拉利斯（Caralis）。义大利萨丁尼亚区首府，位于萨丁尼亚岛南岸。为迦太基人所建，后来为罗马、萨拉森人、比萨、西班牙和奥地利统治。1718年并入萨伏依王室。长期以来一直是萨丁尼亚岛军事中心。原有海、空军基地在第二次世界大战中被盟军摧毁。后经重建，现为萨丁尼亚岛主要港口。人口约174,543（1996）。\n\n请问卡利亚里这个地名的由来是什么？", - "你好，Human！卡利亚里（Cagliari）这个地名来自于拉丁语“卡拉利斯”（Caralis）。这是一个位于意大利萨丁尼亚区首府、萨丁尼亚岛南岸的城市。这个地名随着时间的推移和不同国家统治的变迁，发展成现在的卡利亚里。" + "卡利亚里（Cagliari）这个地名来自于拉丁语“卡拉利斯”（Caralis）。这是一个位于意大利萨丁尼亚区首府、萨丁尼亚岛南岸的城市。这个地名随着时间的推移和不同国家统治的变迁，发展成现在的卡利亚里。" ], [ "请告诉我一下卡利亚里的历史吧。", @@ -334710,7 +334710,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴布亚诸语言Papuan languages在新几内亚及其周边部分岛屿－－包括阿洛岛（Alor）、布干维尔岛（Bougainville）、哈马黑拉（Halmahera）、新不列颠岛（New Britain）、新爱尔兰岛（New Ireland）、帝汶（Timor）－－的原住民所使用的750种语言的族属。也许有500万人在使用巴布亚诸语言，此一语言可以归类出60种语言。这些语言之间、更高深的起源关系仍难以确认。巴布亚诸语言的纷歧，再加上在新几内亚的一小部分及其邻近岛屿所使用的众多澳斯特罗尼西亚诸语言，使得这个区域成为全世界语言学上最异质的地域。绝大多数的巴布亚诸语言，它们的使用者都少于100,000人；其中使用人数较多者在巴布纽亚几内亚的高地所使用的秦布语（Chimbu）和恩加语（Enga）。就语言学而言，巴布亚诸语言显示出极大的变化，虽然音位创造（inventories）倾向尚小；几乎在所有的巴布亚诸语言中，动词都在主词与受词之后；口语形态学则相当独特地复杂。\n\n你好，请问巴布亚诸语言是在什么地区使用的？", - "你好，Human！巴布亚诸语言主要在新几内亚及其周边部分岛屿使用，这些岛屿包括阿洛岛、布干维尔岛、哈马黑拉、新不列颠岛、新爱尔兰岛和帝汶。这些地区的原住民使用大约750种巴布亚诸语言。" + "巴布亚诸语言主要在新几内亚及其周边部分岛屿使用，这些岛屿包括阿洛岛、布干维尔岛、哈马黑拉、新不列颠岛、新爱尔兰岛和帝汶。这些地区的原住民使用大约750种巴布亚诸语言。" ], [ "巴布亚诸语言有多少使用者？", @@ -335281,7 +335281,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴尼亚卢卡Banja Luka波士尼亚赫塞哥维纳东北部城市（1991年人口约143,079）。在土耳其统治时期，曾为重要的军事中心。1583～1639年是波士尼亚地区（由一个帕夏统治的）首府。16～18世纪是奥地利和土耳其争夺的战场。19世纪在波士尼亚人反抗土耳其的起义和塞尔维亚人叛乱中扮演重要的角色。第二次世界大战中为克罗埃西亚的统治轴心国。1992年成为自治的波士尼亚赫塞哥维纳斯拉夫人共和国的首府。在波士尼亚冲突（Bosnian conflict）期间，是个战斗中心。\n\n你好，请告诉我关于巴尼亚卢卡的历史背景。", - "你好，Human！巴尼亚卢卡是波士尼亚赫塞哥维纳东北部的一座城市。在土耳其统治时期，它曾是一个重要的军事中心。1583年至1639年间，巴尼亚卢卡是波士尼亚地区的首府，由一个帕夏统治。16至18世纪，这座城市成为奥地利和土耳其争夺的战场。19世纪时，在波士尼亚人反抗土耳其的起义和塞尔维亚人叛乱中，巴尼亚卢卡扮演了重要角色。第二次世界大战时期，这里是克罗埃西亚的统治轴心。1992年，巴尼亚卢卡成为自治的波士尼亚赫塞哥维纳斯拉夫人共和国的首府。在波士尼亚冲突期间，巴尼亚卢卡是战斗中心。" + "巴尼亚卢卡是波士尼亚赫塞哥维纳东北部的一座城市。在土耳其统治时期，它曾是一个重要的军事中心。1583年至1639年间，巴尼亚卢卡是波士尼亚地区的首府，由一个帕夏统治。16至18世纪，这座城市成为奥地利和土耳其争夺的战场。19世纪时，在波士尼亚人反抗土耳其的起义和塞尔维亚人叛乱中，巴尼亚卢卡扮演了重要角色。第二次世界大战时期，这里是克罗埃西亚的统治轴心。1992年，巴尼亚卢卡成为自治的波士尼亚赫塞哥维纳斯拉夫人共和国的首府。在波士尼亚冲突期间，巴尼亚卢卡是战斗中心。" ], [ "波士尼亚战争时期，巴尼亚卢卡扮演了怎样的角色?", @@ -335399,7 +335399,7 @@ "history": [ [ "罗恩1803～1879年Roon, Albrecht Theodor Emil, Graf (Count) von普鲁士军官。曾协助威廉王子（后来的威廉一世）镇压在巴登爆发的起义（1848）。在陆军部长任内（1859～1873），透过实行普遍征兵制和成立一支永久性的后备军，改进了普鲁士军队。他的改革为普鲁士军队在七周战争（1866）以及普法战争（1870～1871）中的决定性胜利作出了贡献。这两次胜利使德意志晋升欧陆最强大的国家。\n\n你好，请问你对罗恩1803～1879年Roon, Albrecht Theodor Emil, Graf (Count) von普鲁士军官有什么了解吗？", - "你好，Human。根据你提供的信息，罗恩（Albrecht Theodor Emil Graf von Roon）是一位活跃于19世纪的普鲁士军官。他曾协助威廉王子（后来成为威廉一世）镇压1848年巴登爆发的起义。作为陆军部长（1859～1873），他实行普遍征兵制并建立了一支永久性的后备军以改进普鲁士军队。正是罗恩的军队改革为普鲁士在两次重要战争中取得决定性胜利，分别是七周战争（1866）和普法战争（1870～1871），这使德意志成为欧洲最强大的国家之一。" + "根据你提供的信息，罗恩（Albrecht Theodor Emil Graf von Roon）是一位活跃于19世纪的普鲁士军官。他曾协助威廉王子（后来成为威廉一世）镇压1848年巴登爆发的起义。作为陆军部长（1859～1873），他实行普遍征兵制并建立了一支永久性的后备军以改进普鲁士军队。正是罗恩的军队改革为普鲁士在两次重要战争中取得决定性胜利，分别是七周战争（1866）和普法战争（1870～1871），这使德意志成为欧洲最强大的国家之一。" ], [ "谢谢。这次镇压巴登起义的经过是怎么样的？", @@ -335460,7 +335460,7 @@ "history": [ [ "球子甘蓝Brussels sprout十字花科的一种小甘蓝（Brassica oleracea 'gemmifera'），广泛栽培于欧洲和美国。实生苗和幼株似普通甘蓝，其后，主茎可高到60～90公分高，腋芽也发展为小头，形似甘蓝头，但直径仅25～4公分。喜温和、凉爽的气候，不耐太热的气候。营养丰，富含维生素A和C。\n\n请问球子甘蓝的学名是什么？", - "你好，Human。球子甘蓝的学名是Brassica oleracea 'gemmifera'。这是一种十字花科的植物，广泛栽培于欧洲和美国。" + "球子甘蓝的学名是Brassica oleracea 'gemmifera'。这是一种十字花科的植物，广泛栽培于欧洲和美国。" ], [ "感谢你的回答。球子甘蓝的生长环境需求是怎样的？", @@ -335744,7 +335744,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哈迪1815～1873年Hardee, William J(oseph)美国军事领袖。1838年自西点军校毕业。1855年着《步枪与步兵战术》，广受欢迎，在南北战争期间为双方采用。1861年乔治亚脱离联邦后，他辞去西点军校职务，任驻扎在阿肯色东北部的美利坚邦联部队司令，在塞罗和查塔诺加等战役中充分显示出他的军事才能。后来任南卡罗来纳、乔治亚和佛罗里达军区司令，并企图阻止雪曼的军队穿过乔治亚。战后经营种植园。\n\n你好，请问你能给我简要介绍一下哈迪是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！哈迪，全名William J. Hardee，是一位美国军事领袖，活跃在19世纪中叶。他在1838年毕业于西点军校，在军事领域取得了很高的成就。其中，他在1855年出版的《步枪与步兵战术》一书受到广泛欢迎，并在南北战争期间被双方所采用。作为一位出色的军事指挥官，哈迪曾在塞罗和查塔诺加等战役中展现出卓越的军事才能。" + "哈迪，全名William J. Hardee，是一位美国军事领袖，活跃在19世纪中叶。他在1838年毕业于西点军校，在军事领域取得了很高的成就。其中，他在1855年出版的《步枪与步兵战术》一书受到广泛欢迎，并在南北战争期间被双方所采用。作为一位出色的军事指挥官，哈迪曾在塞罗和查塔诺加等战役中展现出卓越的军事才能。" ], [ "请问哈迪在南北战争期间属于哪一方，并在哪些战役中发挥了作用？", @@ -335954,7 +335954,7 @@ "history": [ [ "人工心脏artificial heart能在长短不等的时间内维持人体血液循环（以及氧合过程）的帮浦或机械泵。心肺机是一种机械泵，包括人工肺（氧合器）及一个替代心脏的泵两部分。在心脏手术过程中可将血液自心脏引出，将氧气充入血中，再将血液送回体内，从而维持人体的血液循环。现有技术尚不足以制成功能与天然心脏一样好的永久性人工心脏，这样的人工心脏只能于需要移植天然心脏的病人在获得适合的心脏之前起暂时的替代作用。亦请参阅pacemaker。\n\n你好，请问什么是人工心脏，它的主要作用是什么？", - "你好，Human。人工心脏是一种可以在长短不等的时间内维持人体血液循环（以及氧合过程）的帮浦或机械泵。它的主要作用是在病人需要进行心脏移植时，起到暂时替代天然心脏的功能，为病人赢得宝贵的时间，直到病人获得一个适合的心脏供移植。" + "人工心脏是一种可以在长短不等的时间内维持人体血液循环（以及氧合过程）的帮浦或机械泵。它的主要作用是在病人需要进行心脏移植时，起到暂时替代天然心脏的功能，为病人赢得宝贵的时间，直到病人获得一个适合的心脏供移植。" ], [ "那么，心肺机和人工心脏之间有什么区别？", @@ -336030,7 +336030,7 @@ "history": [ [ "雷宾斯克水库Rybinsk Reservoir俄罗斯西北部、窝瓦河上游的湖。由窝瓦河及其支流舍克斯纳河上的两座堤坝构成。1947年该项工程完工的时候，形成了面积4,580平方公里的湖；当时是世界最大的人工湖。其作用是控制窝瓦河的流量，提供莫斯科和其他城市的电力，并且是窝瓦-波罗的海航道的一部分。\n\n请问你能给我介绍一下雷宾斯克水库的地理位置吗？", - "你好，Human！雷宾斯克水库位于俄罗斯西北部的窝瓦河上游。这个地理位置让它在控制窝瓦河的流量和为莫斯科等城市提供电力方面发挥了重要作用。此外，它还是窝瓦-波罗的海航道的一部分。这个地理位置使得它在经济和交通上都具有很大的价值。" + "雷宾斯克水库位于俄罗斯西北部的窝瓦河上游。这个地理位置让它在控制窝瓦河的流量和为莫斯科等城市提供电力方面发挥了重要作用。此外，它还是窝瓦-波罗的海航道的一部分。这个地理位置使得它在经济和交通上都具有很大的价值。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，请问它是由什么构成的？", @@ -336220,7 +336220,7 @@ "history": [ [ "维生素Kvitamin K对凝血必需的几种脂溶性化合物。缺乏维生素K时会引起凝血时间延长。1929年发现凝血过程需要一种存在于绿叶植物中、以前不认识的脂溶性物质。该物质被命名为维生素K，取德语凝血维生素（Koagulation vitamin）的首字母。1939年分离出纯品并测定其结构；几个与之有关也具有维生素功能的化合物也分离出来并合成。1939年监定的是维生素K1，是植物合成的，而维生素K2则为微生物合成，并且是哺乳动物组织中的重要形式。所有其他形式的维生素K在体内都转化为维生素K2。除天然化合物外，还有许多具有维生素K活性的合成化合物也用于减少凝血时间。\n\n根据上面的信息，维生素K发现于1929年, 但是我好奇得知它又是如何获得的呢？", - "你好，Human！维生素K被发现于绿叶植物中，在1929年研究人员发现凝血过程需要一种以前未知的脂溶性物质。通过对绿叶植物的分析，他们确定了这种物质就是维生素K。后来，人们对其进行了进一步研究，分离出纯品，并在1939年测定了它的结构。" + "维生素K被发现于绿叶植物中，在1929年研究人员发现凝血过程需要一种以前未知的脂溶性物质。通过对绿叶植物的分析，他们确定了这种物质就是维生素K。后来，人们对其进行了进一步研究，分离出纯品，并在1939年测定了它的结构。" ], [ "能介绍一下维生素K1和K2的来源吗？", @@ -336831,7 +336831,7 @@ "history": [ [ "狸藻bladderwort狸藻科狸藻属（Utricularia）植物，约一百二十种，是广泛分布的陆地和水生食肉植物。特征是具有小囊，能捕获和消化触碰它们的微小动物，包括昆虫的幼虫、水生蠕虫、水蚤和其他浮游的小动物。与狸藻近缘的是捕虫菫属（Pinguicula），约三十五种陆生植物，靠叶表的腺体黏捕昆虫。\n\n我想了解一下狸藻这种植物，它们是如何捕获和消化捕到的小动物的？", - "你好，Human。狸藻是一种食肉植物，其特征是具有能捕捉微小动物的小囊。当这些小动物触碰到小囊时，囊口会迅速关闭，将其捕获。袋内形成负压，将动物卷入负压囊内。然后，狸藻通过产生消化酶来消化这些捕获的微小动物，从而获取其所需的养分。狸藻主要捕食昆虫幼虫、水生蠕虫、水蚤和其他浮游小动物。" + "狸藻是一种食肉植物，其特征是具有能捕捉微小动物的小囊。当这些小动物触碰到小囊时，囊口会迅速关闭，将其捕获。袋内形成负压，将动物卷入负压囊内。然后，狸藻通过产生消化酶来消化这些捕获的微小动物，从而获取其所需的养分。狸藻主要捕食昆虫幼虫、水生蠕虫、水蚤和其他浮游小动物。" ], [ "狸藻主要分布在哪些地区？它们的生长环境有什么特殊要求吗？", @@ -337045,7 +337045,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黄水仙daffodil亦称普通黄水仙（common daffodil）或喇叭水仙（trumpet narcissus）。水仙属具鳞茎的显花植物，学名Narcissus pseudonarcissus。原产于北欧，在该处及北美广泛栽培。植株高可达16寸（41公分）左右。从鳞茎上生出五或六片叶，长约12寸（30公分）。茎上生一朵喇叭形黄色大花。品种多，亲本为黄色，而变种有各种颜色，是黄水仙极受欢迎的原因。\n\n请问黄水仙的别名是什么？", - "你好，Human。黄水仙有两个别名，分别是普通黄水仙（common daffodil）和喇叭水仙（trumpet narcissus）。这些别名都描述了这种花的特点，例如它的颜色和花型。" + "黄水仙有两个别名，分别是普通黄水仙（common daffodil）和喇叭水仙（trumpet narcissus）。这些别名都描述了这种花的特点，例如它的颜色和花型。" ], [ "这种植物都产自哪些地区呢？", @@ -337068,7 +337068,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡耶博特1848～1894年Caillebotte, Gustave法国画家和艺术收藏家。出身富裕家庭，原为造船技师，但后来对绘画发生兴趣，到巴黎美术学校就读，学成后成为多产画家，作品内容多为当代景物，如城乡风景、静态写生和划船景色等。他也是印象派画展的主要组织者、提倡者和出资人，个人收购莫内、雷诺瓦、毕沙罗、塞尚、窦加等人的作品。死后藏品赠予法国政府，1897年位于卢森堡宫的卡耶博特室开放，成为第一个在法国博物馆中陈列的印象派画展。\n\n请问你了解卡耶博特这位画家吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解卡耶博特（Gustave Caillebotte，1848-1894），他是一位法国画家和艺术收藏家。起初他是一名造船技师，但后来对绘画产生兴趣并在巴黎美术学校学习。他以绘制当代景物著称，如城乡风景、静态写生和划船景色等。此外，他还是印象派画展的重要组织者、提倡者和出资人，并收购了许多当时著名画家的作品，如莫内、雷诺瓦、毕沙罗、塞尚和窦加等。" + "我了解卡耶博特（Gustave Caillebotte，1848-1894），他是一位法国画家和艺术收藏家。起初他是一名造船技师，但后来对绘画产生兴趣并在巴黎美术学校学习。他以绘制当代景物著称，如城乡风景、静态写生和划船景色等。此外，他还是印象派画展的重要组织者、提倡者和出资人，并收购了许多当时著名画家的作品，如莫内、雷诺瓦、毕沙罗、塞尚和窦加等。" ], [ "卡耶博特作为印象派的提倡者和出资人，那么他的画风是否也属于印象派？", @@ -337087,7 +337087,7 @@ "history": [ [ "骑士团chivalry封建制度下欧洲的骑士阶级，特别是指中世纪骑士勇敢、讲求荣誉的高尚行为。12、13世纪已发展出典型的谦恭骑士行为。骑士概念起于封建制度的职责（参阅feudalism），并强调骑士要对他的上帝、领主或女领主忠诚和服从，从而融合基督教和军人的美德。骑士团因十字军的事迹而更增强了力量，结果创立了最早的骑士团－－马尔他骑士团和圣殿骑士团。除了忠诚和荣誉之外，骑士团的美德包括英勇、虔诚和坚贞。爱情和荣誉的问题结合了典雅爱情的特质，骑士的贵妇人意味不能得到，保证贞节，这种女性典型融合了圣母形象。14～15世纪，骑士逐渐成为贵族阶级，或与公开表演仪式（特别是乘马比武竞赛）有关，而不再骋驰沙场。\n\n你好，请问你对骑士团chivalry有了解吗？", - "你好，Human！我对骑士团chivalry有一定了解，它是指中世纪欧洲骑士阶级的一种高尚行为，主要体现在忠诚、荣誉、英勇等方面。这种行为起源于封建制度，并结合了基督教价值观，强调骑士应对上帝、领主或女领主忠诚和服从。十字军的事迹使骑士团得到更大发展，最早的两个骑士团分别是马尔他骑士团和圣殿骑士团。到了14至15世纪，骑士逐渐转变为贵族阶层，参与公开表演活动，如乘马比武竞赛，而不再参加战争与战斗。" + "我对骑士团chivalry有一定了解，它是指中世纪欧洲骑士阶级的一种高尚行为，主要体现在忠诚、荣誉、英勇等方面。这种行为起源于封建制度，并结合了基督教价值观，强调骑士应对上帝、领主或女领主忠诚和服从。十字军的事迹使骑士团得到更大发展，最早的两个骑士团分别是马尔他骑士团和圣殿骑士团。到了14至15世纪，骑士逐渐转变为贵族阶层，参与公开表演活动，如乘马比武竞赛，而不再参加战争与战斗。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那骑士团是怎样发展出典型的谦恭骑士行为的呢？", @@ -337228,7 +337228,7 @@ "history": [ [ "威廉二世1792～1849年William II荷兰语全名为Willem Frederik George Lodewijk尼德兰国王和卢森堡大公（1840～1849）。威廉一世之子，1795年随家人流亡英格兰。1811～1812年任威灵顿公爵的副官，在英国军队中服役。1815年在滑铁卢战役中指挥尼德兰部队。1830年被派往布鲁塞尔镇压革命。后退居英格兰。1840年成为尼德兰国王。身为国王他稳定了国家的经济。1848年授权自由党政治家托尔贝克起草一部新宪法。这部宪法确立了直接选举的原则，保障了基本的公民自由。\n\n你好，请问荷兰国王威廉二世的全名是什么？", - "你好，Human！荷兰国王威廉二世的荷兰语全名为Willem Frederik George Lodewijk。" + "荷兰国王威廉二世的荷兰语全名为Willem Frederik George Lodewijk。" ], [ "威廉二世在哪个时期成为尼德兰国王？", @@ -337366,7 +337366,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大班钟Big Ben贝克特（Edmund Beckett, 1816～1905）男爵设计的时钟，安装在英国议会大厦东端的塔楼内。以时间精准和重达十三吨的铸钟而着名。大班钟因贺尔（Sir Benjamin Hall）而得名，他是1859年主持钟的安装工作的专员。最初，大班钟仅指那个铸钟，后来包括了时钟本身。\n\n请问根据以上信息，大班钟的设计者是谁？", - "你好Human，大班钟是由贝克特（Edmund Beckett, 1816～1905）男爵设计的。他是一位才华横溢的英国设计师，离我们已经有一段时间了。他的设计让大班钟成为了一个时钟精准、钟重达13吨的铸钟的代表作，远近闻名。" + "大班钟是由贝克特（Edmund Beckett, 1816～1905）男爵设计的。他是一位才华横溢的英国设计师，离我们已经有一段时间了。他的设计让大班钟成为了一个时钟精准、钟重达13吨的铸钟的代表作，远近闻名。" ], [ "大班钟安装在哪个地方？", @@ -337671,7 +337671,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法夫Fife苏格兰东部议会区和历史郡。占有一个半岛，伊登河向东北流经法夫区中部。古代法夫为一匹克特人的独立王国，后为苏格兰王国七个伯爵领地之一。现代的法夫东北部为农业区，西南为工业区。法夫的工业经济传统以来严重依赖采煤业，但今日已为制造业和轻工业取代。行政中心设于格伦罗西斯。面积1,323平方公里。人口约349,200（1999）。\n\n你好，请问法夫位于哪个国家和地区？", - "你好，Human。法夫位于苏格兰东部，它是一个议会区和具有悠久历史的郡。这里曾是匹克特人的一个独立王国，后来成为苏格兰王国七个伯爵领地之一。希望这个答案满足你的要求，如果你有更多关于法夫的问题，可以继续问我哦。" + "法夫位于苏格兰东部，它是一个议会区和具有悠久历史的郡。这里曾是匹克特人的一个独立王国，后来成为苏格兰王国七个伯爵领地之一。希望这个答案满足你的要求，如果你有更多关于法夫的问题，可以继续问我哦。" ], [ "谢谢！法夫的地理特征和人口有什么特点？", @@ -337709,7 +337709,7 @@ "history": [ [ "耶弗他Jephtha古代以色列的一位法官。据〈士师记〉载，他信奉唯一真神雅赫维，是以色列人的典范。父为基列人，与娼妓生下耶弗他。耶弗他被父亲的嫡子们逐出故乡后，成为匪首。当基列人不堪亚扪人的迫害时，恳求耶弗他帮助他们。耶弗他克敌致胜，但他先前曾答应上帝，把离开家时第一个看见的任何东西当作牺牲献祭，结果碰巧看见的是自己的女儿。他在〈士师记〉的重要意义是以色列人忠于上帝的典范。\n\n我想了解一下古代以色列法官耶弗他的故事。他在士师记中是如何被描述的？", - "你好，Human！耶弗他是古代以色列的一位法官，他出现在《士师记》中。他因信奉唯一真神雅赫维而成为以色列人的典范。耶弗他的父亲是基列人，他的母亲是娼妓。虽然耶弗他生来就背负着不光彩的家世，但他并未因此而自暴自弃。他之后被父亲的嫡子们逐出故乡，成为了匪首。当基列人遭受亚扪人的迫害时，他们向耶弗他求救。耶弗他答应帮助基列人击败亚扪人，但在事前他曾向上帝发过誓，要献出离开家时第一个看见的任何东西作为牺牲。而不幸的是，当耶弗他回家时，第一个看见的竟然是他的女儿。这在《士师记》中体现了他忠诚于雅赫维的信仰以及在履行誓言方面的坚定决心。" + "耶弗他是古代以色列的一位法官，他出现在《士师记》中。他因信奉唯一真神雅赫维而成为以色列人的典范。耶弗他的父亲是基列人，他的母亲是娼妓。虽然耶弗他生来就背负着不光彩的家世，但他并未因此而自暴自弃。他之后被父亲的嫡子们逐出故乡，成为了匪首。当基列人遭受亚扪人的迫害时，他们向耶弗他求救。耶弗他答应帮助基列人击败亚扪人，但在事前他曾向上帝发过誓，要献出离开家时第一个看见的任何东西作为牺牲。而不幸的是，当耶弗他回家时，第一个看见的竟然是他的女儿。这在《士师记》中体现了他忠诚于雅赫维的信仰以及在履行誓言方面的坚定决心。" ] ] }, @@ -337804,7 +337804,7 @@ "history": [ [ "苣菜endive菊科一年生植物，学名Cichorium endivia。认为起源于埃及或印尼，欧洲自16世纪就有栽培。品种很多，分为卷叶（或狭叶）品种（crispa）群和宽叶品种群（latifolia）。前者多用作凉拌沙拉，后者烹调食用。\n\n你好，请问苣菜endive的起源是什么地方？", - "你好，Human！苣菜endive起源于埃及或印尼。它在欧洲的栽培历史可以追溯到16世纪。具体来说，它的学名为Cichorium endivia，是菊科的一种一年生植物。" + "苣菜endive起源于埃及或印尼。它在欧洲的栽培历史可以追溯到16世纪。具体来说，它的学名为Cichorium endivia，是菊科的一种一年生植物。" ], [ "那么，苣菜endive有哪些不同的品种呢？", @@ -337861,7 +337861,7 @@ "history": [ [ "罗马氏族gens古代罗马的亲缘群体，宣称来自共同的男性祖先。其后裔为了表示崇敬此始祖，便把他的名字当作自己的第二个名字，表示同出一源。例如Caius Valerius Catullus这一名里，Valerius即这个人的族姓。普遍不赞同族内通婚。\n\n你好，请问罗马氏族gens是什么？", - "你好，Human。罗马氏族gens是古代罗马的一个亲缘群体，成员都宣称来自共同的男性祖先。这些成员为了表示对始祖的崇敬，会把他的名字作为自己的第二个名字，来表示同出一源。在这个制度中，族内通婚一般是不被赞同的。" + "罗马氏族gens是古代罗马的一个亲缘群体，成员都宣称来自共同的男性祖先。这些成员为了表示对始祖的崇敬，会把他的名字作为自己的第二个名字，来表示同出一源。在这个制度中，族内通婚一般是不被赞同的。" ], [ "请举一个详细的例子说明罗马氏族gens的名字怎么用的？", @@ -338215,7 +338215,7 @@ "history": [ [ "科尔顿1814～1898年Colton, Gardner (Quincy)美国麻醉学家、发明家，最早将一氧化氮作为麻醉药用于牙科。他根据一位牙科医师的建议，用一氧化氮麻醉拔除了一千多颗患牙。他还发明了一种电动机，于1847年展出。\n\n你好，请告诉我科尔顿是谁？", - "你好，Human！科尔顿（Gardner Quincy Colton，1814-1898年）是一位美国麻醉学家及发明家。他的主要成就是最早将一氧化氮引入牙科当中用作麻醉药。同时，他还发明了一种电动机，并在1847年展出。" + "科尔顿（Gardner Quincy Colton，1814-1898年）是一位美国麻醉学家及发明家。他的主要成就是最早将一氧化氮引入牙科当中用作麻醉药。同时，他还发明了一种电动机，并在1847年展出。" ], [ "请描述一下一氧化氮在麻醉方面的作用。", @@ -338576,7 +338576,7 @@ "history": [ [ "压滤作用filter-pressing在侵入岩体的结晶过程中发生的，靠压力使岩体内隙间的液体与晶体分离开的一种作用。当晶体在岩浆体中生长并聚集起来时，就可能形成晶体网络。由位于上面的晶体的重量压力，或者由外力所施加压力，可能迫使比较活动的液体从晶体网络中滤出去，并且还可能使剩下的晶体破裂或破碎。压滤作用被用来解释单矿物岩石或具有显然是奇怪的矿物成分和化学成分的岩石（如斜长岩）的形成。\n\n你好，请问压滤作用是如何在侵入岩体的结晶过程中发生的？", - "你好，Human！压滤作用在侵入岩体的结晶过程中发生，是一种通过压力使岩体内隙间的液体与晶体分离开的作用。这个过程通常在晶体在岩浆体中生长并聚集时发生。当晶体形成网络结构时，位于上方的晶体的重量压力或外部施加的压力可能迫使比较活跃的液体从晶体网络中滤出。这个过程还可能导致剩下的晶体破裂或破碎。" + "压滤作用在侵入岩体的结晶过程中发生，是一种通过压力使岩体内隙间的液体与晶体分离开的作用。这个过程通常在晶体在岩浆体中生长并聚集时发生。当晶体形成网络结构时，位于上方的晶体的重量压力或外部施加的压力可能迫使比较活跃的液体从晶体网络中滤出。这个过程还可能导致剩下的晶体破裂或破碎。" ], [ "压滤作用如何被用来解释单矿物岩石和具有奇特矿物成分和化学成分的岩石（如斜长岩）的形成？", @@ -338817,7 +338817,7 @@ "history": [ [ "艾1867～1935年?原名George William Russell爱尔兰诗人和神秘主义者，爱尔兰文学文艺复兴（Irish Literary Renaissance）的主要人物。曾出版许多诗作，包括《回家》（Homeward, 1894）。虽然刚开始大家把他与叶慈拿来相提并论，但他终究未成为大诗人，许多批评者认为他的诗浅薄、含混不清和单调乏味。他的笔名源自于一位校对者对其早期笔名「艾翁」（?on）的质疑。\n\n你好，艾是一个著名的爱尔兰诗人和神秘主义者，请问他的全名和生卒年份是什么？", - "你好，Human！艾（George William Russell）是一位爱尔兰诗人和神秘主义者，他生于1867年，逝世于1935年。他在爱尔兰文学文艺复兴（Irish Literary Renaissance）时期是一位重要的文学人物。" + "艾（George William Russell）是一位爱尔兰诗人和神秘主义者，他生于1867年，逝世于1935年。他在爱尔兰文学文艺复兴（Irish Literary Renaissance）时期是一位重要的文学人物。" ], [ "艾有什么著名的诗作吗？", @@ -338950,7 +338950,7 @@ "history": [ [ "南方越橘blueberry杜鹃花科越橘属（Vaccinium）几种灌木，学名Vaccinium australe。原产于北美洲。果甜可食，富含铁和维生素C。南方越橘仅生长于酸度大、排水良好但湿润的土壤内。美国的高灌木南方越橘（V corymbosum）兼具经济和观赏价值，是最重要的品种，主要栽种在缅因、新泽西、密西根西南部和北卡罗来纳州东部。\n\n你能告诉我南方越橘的学名是什么吗？", - "你好，Human！南方越橘的学名是Vaccinium australe。这是一种属于杜鹃花科越橘属（Vaccinium）的灌木。它们原产于北美洲，果实甜美可口，富含铁和维生素C。" + "南方越橘的学名是Vaccinium australe。这是一种属于杜鹃花科越橘属（Vaccinium）的灌木。它们原产于北美洲，果实甜美可口，富含铁和维生素C。" ], [ "能介绍一下南方越橘的栽培环境吗？", @@ -339163,7 +339163,7 @@ "history": [ [ "中石器时代Mesolithic period亦作Middle Stone Age西北欧旧石器时代和新石器时代之间的古代技术和文化阶段（西元前8000?～西元前2700年）。中石器时代的猎人使用削碎并磨亮的石头，以及骨头、鹿角、木制工具等一套工具组合，比以前的人更有效率，并能够开拓出更多动植物的食物来源。外移的新石器时代的农夫或许吸收了本土中石器时代的猎人和渔夫很多技能。欧洲以外没有一个和中石器时代直接对应的阶段，现在这个术语不再用来反映假设性的全世界社会文化演化的序列。\n\n你好，请问中石器时代（Mesolithic period）跟旧石器时代和新石器时代有什么区别？", - "你好，Human！ 中石器时代位于旧石器时代和新石器时代之间，时间大约为西元前8000年至西元前2700年。在中石器时代，人们使用的石头工具比旧石器时代更加精细，削碎并磨亮，同时也制作了骨头、鹿角和木制工具，这使得他们生活得更加高效。中石器时代的人们能够开拓更多的动植物食物来源。相较之下，旧石器时代的技术相对原始，而新石器时代则是人类开始从事农业生产的时期。这些时期的变化也反映了人类在技术与文化方面的发展。" + " 中石器时代位于旧石器时代和新石器时代之间，时间大约为西元前8000年至西元前2700年。在中石器时代，人们使用的石头工具比旧石器时代更加精细，削碎并磨亮，同时也制作了骨头、鹿角和木制工具，这使得他们生活得更加高效。中石器时代的人们能够开拓更多的动植物食物来源。相较之下，旧石器时代的技术相对原始，而新石器时代则是人类开始从事农业生产的时期。这些时期的变化也反映了人类在技术与文化方面的发展。" ], [ "中石器时代人们都在做什么？", @@ -339654,7 +339654,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布鲁恩1928～1986年Bruhn, Erik原名Belton Evers丹麦芭蕾舞者，以其出色的古典技巧着名。1937年入丹麦皇家芭蕾舞团学校，1947年参加这个舞团。曾到别的舞团担任客席舞者，包括1950和1960年代在美国芭蕾舞团（American Ballet Theatre），他参与诸如《吉赛儿》、《天鹅湖》和《卡门》等剧的演出。后来被任命为瑞典皇家歌剧院（Royal Swedish Opera House）总监（1967～1972）和助理总监（1973～1981），以及加拿大国家芭蕾舞团（Canada's National Ballet）总监（1983～1986）。\n\n请问你能给我介绍一下丹麦芭蕾舞者布鲁恩（Erik Bruhn）的生平和事业成就吗？", - "你好，Human！我很乐意帮助你了解有关布鲁恩的信息。布鲁恩（Erik Bruhn），原名Belton Evers，生于1928年，逝世于1986年。他是一位丹麦芭蕾舞者，以其卓越的古典技巧而闻名。1937年，布鲁恩加入丹麦皇家芭蕾舞团学校学习，10年后，即1947年，成为丹麦皇家芭蕾舞团的一名演员。此外，他还在1950和1960年代担任美国芭蕾舞剧院（American Ballet Theatre）的客席舞者，参演了诸如《吉赛儿》、《天鹅湖》和《卡门》等著名剧目。随后他还担任了瑞典皇家歌剧院（Royal Swedish Opera House）的总监（1967～1972）和助理总监（1973～1981），以及加拿大国家芭蕾舞团（Canada's National Ballet）的总监（1983～1986）。希望以上信息能帮助你了解布鲁恩的生平和事业成就。" + "我很乐意帮助你了解有关布鲁恩的信息。布鲁恩（Erik Bruhn），原名Belton Evers，生于1928年，逝世于1986年。他是一位丹麦芭蕾舞者，以其卓越的古典技巧而闻名。1937年，布鲁恩加入丹麦皇家芭蕾舞团学校学习，10年后，即1947年，成为丹麦皇家芭蕾舞团的一名演员。此外，他还在1950和1960年代担任美国芭蕾舞剧院（American Ballet Theatre）的客席舞者，参演了诸如《吉赛儿》、《天鹅湖》和《卡门》等著名剧目。随后他还担任了瑞典皇家歌剧院（Royal Swedish Opera House）的总监（1967～1972）和助理总监（1973～1981），以及加拿大国家芭蕾舞团（Canada's National Ballet）的总监（1983～1986）。希望以上信息能帮助你了解布鲁恩的生平和事业成就。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！那么，布鲁恩在丹麦皇家芭蕾舞团学校接受怎样的训练呢？", @@ -339753,7 +339753,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布立基1844～1930年Bridges, Robert (Seymour)英国诗人。曾出版过一些长诗和诗剧，但以收录于《短诗》（1890、1894）中的抒情诗闻名，显见他精通韵律学。1916年出版了他的朋友霍普金斯的诗作，使其免遭人遗忘。从1913年起直至去世，他一直是英格兰的桂冠诗人。\n\n你好，请问上文提到的英国诗人Bridges, Robert (Seymour)有何主要成就？", - "你好，Human。根据上文所述，英国诗人Robert Bridges的主要成就有以下几点：首先，他精通韵律学并创作了许多闻名的抒情诗，这些诗歌收录在《短诗》这本书中，分别于1890和1894年出版。其次，他在1916年出版了他的朋友霍普金斯的诗作，使得霍普金斯的成就得以传世。最后，从1913年起直至去世，他一直担任英格兰的桂冠诗人，是英国文学史上有重要地位的诗人。" + "根据上文所述，英国诗人Robert Bridges的主要成就有以下几点：首先，他精通韵律学并创作了许多闻名的抒情诗，这些诗歌收录在《短诗》这本书中，分别于1890和1894年出版。其次，他在1916年出版了他的朋友霍普金斯的诗作，使得霍普金斯的成就得以传世。最后，从1913年起直至去世，他一直担任英格兰的桂冠诗人，是英国文学史上有重要地位的诗人。" ], [ "从上述信息来看，桂冠诗人是什么意思呢？", @@ -339955,7 +339955,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大分水岭Great Dividing Range大致与澳大利亚昆士兰、新南威尔士、维多利亚三州海岸线平行的一系列山岭。北起昆士兰州约克角半岛，向南延伸，在新南威尔士和维多利亚两州交界处的一段称澳大利亚阿尔卑斯山脉；在维多利亚州折向西，止于格兰扁；从这里开始有一支向南的支脉自巴斯海峡浮出，形成塔斯马尼亚的中央高地。大分水岭绵亘3,700公里。最先由欧洲人（1813）横越并定居于澳大利亚内地。现重要经济活动有农、林、矿业，并设有国家公园吸引观光客。\n\n请问大分水岭是澳大利亚的哪个地方？", - "你好，Human！大分水岭（Great Dividing Range）是一系列位于澳大利亚昆士兰、新南威尔士、维多利亚三州的山岭。它大致与这三个州的海岸线平行，总长约3700公里。从昆士兰州的约克角半岛开始，南延至维多利亚州的格兰扁，并通过塔斯马尼亚的中央高地区。在新南威尔士和维多利亚两州交界处的段落被称为澳大利亚阿尔卑斯山脉。希望这能帮助你了解大分水岭的地理位置。" + "大分水岭（Great Dividing Range）是一系列位于澳大利亚昆士兰、新南威尔士、维多利亚三州的山岭。它大致与这三个州的海岸线平行，总长约3700公里。从昆士兰州的约克角半岛开始，南延至维多利亚州的格兰扁，并通过塔斯马尼亚的中央高地区。在新南威尔士和维多利亚两州交界处的段落被称为澳大利亚阿尔卑斯山脉。希望这能帮助你了解大分水岭的地理位置。" ], [ "了解了，谢谢！那么，欧洲人是何时首次穿越并定居于澳大利亚大分水岭以内的？", @@ -340157,7 +340157,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乳头状瘤病毒papillomavirus一组病毒的统称，能引起人类长出疣或其他的良性肿瘤。这些小型病毒含有环状DNA，人们已知有五十多种截然不同的类型，而不同类型的病毒造成手上的疣、脚底的疣、扁平疣和喉疣。生殖器疣由其他的类型造成，并可透过性交传染。有一些乳头状瘤病毒与各种恶性肿瘤有关联，尤其是子宫颈癌，透过一般的帕氏涂片即可发现该病毒的存在。\n\n关于乳头状瘤病毒，它是什么？它能导致哪些疾病？", - "你好，Human。乳头状瘤病毒（Papillomavirus）是一组病毒的统称，它们能导致人体出现疣或其他良性肿瘤。根据信息，已知有五十多种不同类型的乳头状瘤病毒，它们会造成不同类型的疣，如手上的疣、脚底的疣、扁平疣和喉疣。此外，还有一些乳头状瘤病毒会导致生殖器疣，这种病毒可以通过性交传染。请注意，有些乳头状瘤病毒与恶性肿瘤有关，尤其是子宫颈癌。" + "乳头状瘤病毒（Papillomavirus）是一组病毒的统称，它们能导致人体出现疣或其他良性肿瘤。根据信息，已知有五十多种不同类型的乳头状瘤病毒，它们会造成不同类型的疣，如手上的疣、脚底的疣、扁平疣和喉疣。此外，还有一些乳头状瘤病毒会导致生殖器疣，这种病毒可以通过性交传染。请注意，有些乳头状瘤病毒与恶性肿瘤有关，尤其是子宫颈癌。" ], [ "那么子宫颈癌与乳头状瘤病毒的关联是怎样的？", @@ -340567,7 +340567,7 @@ "history": [ [ "什切青Szczecin德语作Stettin波兰西北部海港，靠近奥得河河口。几个世纪以来一直是斯拉夫渔业和贸易中心，10世纪时被梅什科一世（Mieszko I）并入波兰。1360年加入汉撒同盟，1648年为瑞典所有，1720年归属普鲁士，从此受德国控制，直到第二次世界大战后移交给波兰。战争中其港口完全被毁，城市人口剧减。在波兰政府管理下，港口和城市都得以重建，现为波兰最大港口联合体的一部分。是波兰西部的文化中心，有数所高等院校位于此。人口约414,000（1996）。\n\n你好，请问什切青是哪个国家的城市？", - "你好，Human！什切青（Szczecin，德语称为Stettin）是波兰的一个城市，位于波兰西北部，是一个重要的海港。这个城市有着丰富的历史，曾经是斯拉夫渔业和贸易中心，并在不同的时期归属于不同的国家。" + "什切青（Szczecin，德语称为Stettin）是波兰的一个城市，位于波兰西北部，是一个重要的海港。这个城市有着丰富的历史，曾经是斯拉夫渔业和贸易中心，并在不同的时期归属于不同的国家。" ], [ "什切青在历史上曾经隶属于哪些国家？", @@ -340872,7 +340872,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赫尔曼德河Helmand River亦作Helmund River古称Etymander阿富汗西南部与伊朗东部河流。发源于阿富汗中东部，往西南流过阿富汗大半国土，再折往北部，有一小段经过伊朗境内，最后注入阿富汗－伊朗边境的赫尔曼德（锡斯坦）沼泽。长1,400公里，为阿富汗最重要河流之一，已广为开发，用于灌溉。伊朗要求分享赫尔曼德河水是阿富汗与伊朗之间长期争议未决的问题。\n\n你好，请告诉我关于赫尔曼德河的一些基本信息。", - "你好，Human！赫尔曼德河，也被称为Helmund River或古称Etymander，是阿富汗西南部和伊朗东部的一条河流。它发源于阿富汗中东部，向西南流经该国的大部分地区，然后向北流入伊朗的一小片区域，最后注入阿富汗-伊朗边境的赫尔曼德（锡斯坦）沼泽。这条河流长约1,400公里，是阿富汗最重要的河流之一。赫尔曼德河已经广泛开发，主要用于灌溉。此外，伊朗对赫尔曼德河水资源的分享要求是阿富汗和伊朗之间长期存在的争议问题。" + "赫尔曼德河，也被称为Helmund River或古称Etymander，是阿富汗西南部和伊朗东部的一条河流。它发源于阿富汗中东部，向西南流经该国的大部分地区，然后向北流入伊朗的一小片区域，最后注入阿富汗-伊朗边境的赫尔曼德（锡斯坦）沼泽。这条河流长约1,400公里，是阿富汗最重要的河流之一。赫尔曼德河已经广泛开发，主要用于灌溉。此外，伊朗对赫尔曼德河水资源的分享要求是阿富汗和伊朗之间长期存在的争议问题。" ] ] }, @@ -340883,7 +340883,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伊斯法罕Esfahan亦作Isfahan伊朗中西部主要城市。人口约1,220,000（1994）。中古世纪城镇，以阿斯帕达纳（Aspadana）为人所知。塞尔柱王朝（11～13世纪）和伊朗萨非王朝（16～18世纪）的重要城市，1598年波斯国王阿拔斯大帝（1588～1629年在位）迁都于此，大肆修建，使伊斯法罕成为17世纪世界上最大的城市之一。阿拔斯大帝在其市中心建立了巨大的皇家广场（Meydan-i-Shah），为一大形的长方形花园，当中包括了着名的皇家清真寺（Masjid-i-Shah）。1722年阿富汗人攻入，城市一蹶不振。20世纪已逐渐恢复，现在是主要的纺织中心，现代工业包括钢铁制造和石油精炼等。\n\n请问伊斯法罕是伊朗的哪个城市？", - "你好，Human。伊斯法罕是伊朗中西部的一个主要城市。它有着丰富的历史背景，曾是塞尔柱王朝和伊朗萨非王朝的重要城市。在17世纪时，经过波斯国王阿拔斯大帝的大量修建，伊斯法罕发展成为世界上最大的城市之一。如今这个城市在伊朗具有重要地位，是一个主要的纺织中心，还发展了现代工业，包括钢铁制造和石油精炼。" + "伊斯法罕是伊朗中西部的一个主要城市。它有着丰富的历史背景，曾是塞尔柱王朝和伊朗萨非王朝的重要城市。在17世纪时，经过波斯国王阿拔斯大帝的大量修建，伊斯法罕发展成为世界上最大的城市之一。如今这个城市在伊朗具有重要地位，是一个主要的纺织中心，还发展了现代工业，包括钢铁制造和石油精炼。" ], [ "阿斯帕达纳（Aspadana）是古时候伊斯法罕的别称吗？", @@ -340925,7 +340925,7 @@ "history": [ [ "七月危机July Days指1917年俄国革命中彼得格勒工人和士兵举行反对临时政府的武装示威的时期。原本是一次和平示威，后成为武力冲突事件；其结果是布尔什维克的影响暂时减小以及改组临时政府，由克伦斯基出任总理。为削弱布尔什维克的声望，政府制造列宁与德国政府勾结的假象。为此大众起而反对布尔什维克，列宁逃至芬兰，托洛斯基和其他领导人均被捕入狱。十月时布尔什维克将重组的政府推翻。\n\n请你简要向我介绍一下1917年的七月危机，以及它在俄国革命中的意义。", - "你好，Human。1917年七月危机，即July Days，是俄国革命中彼得格勒工人和士兵举行反对临时政府的武装示威的时期。起初，这是一场和平示威，但后来演变为武力冲突。七月危机导致了布尔什维克的影响暂时削弱，同时促使临时政府进行改组，任命克伦斯基为总理。为了打压布尔什维克，临时政府以其与德国政府勾结为由，制造假象，致使民众反对布尔什维克。列宁逃至芬兰，托洛斯基和其他领导人被捕入狱。最终在1917年10月，布尔什维克成功推翻了临时政府。这一事件在俄国革命中具有重要意义，对接下来的政治格局产生了深远影响。" + "1917年七月危机，即July Days，是俄国革命中彼得格勒工人和士兵举行反对临时政府的武装示威的时期。起初，这是一场和平示威，但后来演变为武力冲突。七月危机导致了布尔什维克的影响暂时削弱，同时促使临时政府进行改组，任命克伦斯基为总理。为了打压布尔什维克，临时政府以其与德国政府勾结为由，制造假象，致使民众反对布尔什维克。列宁逃至芬兰，托洛斯基和其他领导人被捕入狱。最终在1917年10月，布尔什维克成功推翻了临时政府。这一事件在俄国革命中具有重要意义，对接下来的政治格局产生了深远影响。" ] ] }, @@ -341024,7 +341024,7 @@ "history": [ [ "绝缘体insulator能阻止或延缓电流或热量流动的物质。绝缘体是不良导体，因为它是对电流的通过呈高电阻的物质。电绝缘体可用来使导体的位置固定；使导体彼此隔开并同周围的构筑物隔开。电绝缘体包括了橡胶、塑胶、陶瓷和云母。热绝缘体以对热辐射的阻隔性来阻断热量的流通路径，包括了玻璃纤维、软木和石绵。\n\n你好，我想了解一下绝缘体的基本特性是什么？", - "你好，Human！绝缘体(insulator)是一种能够阻止或延缓电流或热量流动的物质。绝缘体具有高电阻，因此是不良导体。在电气领域，绝缘体可以用来固定导体的位置，使导体彼此隔离并与周围的构筑物隔离。常见的电绝缘体包括橡胶、塑胶、陶瓷和云母。在热量传递方面，热绝缘体通过阻隔热辐射来阻断热量的流通途径，常见的热绝缘体有玻璃纤维、软木和石绵。" + "绝缘体(insulator)是一种能够阻止或延缓电流或热量流动的物质。绝缘体具有高电阻，因此是不良导体。在电气领域，绝缘体可以用来固定导体的位置，使导体彼此隔离并与周围的构筑物隔离。常见的电绝缘体包括橡胶、塑胶、陶瓷和云母。在热量传递方面，热绝缘体通过阻隔热辐射来阻断热量的流通途径，常见的热绝缘体有玻璃纤维、软木和石绵。" ], [ "在家用电器中，对绝缘体有哪些应用？", @@ -341188,7 +341188,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尼古拉二世1868～1918年Nicholas II俄语全名Nikolay Aleksandrovich俄国末代沙皇（1894～1917年在位）。亚历山大三世的儿子。早期受军事教育，1894年接替其父担任沙皇。他是个独裁却又无主见的统治者，听任他宠信的妻子亚历山德拉摆布。他对亚洲的兴趣导致了西伯利亚大铁路的建设和后来灾难性的日俄战争（1904～1905）。1905年俄国革命后，他勉强同意成立国家杜马，但却限制杜马的权力，只是象征性地推行其措施。当时的首相斯托雷平曾试图改革，但日益受亚历山德拉和拉斯普廷左右的尼古拉二世却横加阻挠。俄国在第一次世界大战中遭到挫败后，尼古拉二世罢免了广受欢迎的俄军总司令尼古拉大公爵，自任指挥，让亚历山德拉和拉斯普廷擅权。他不在莫斯科和亚历山德拉的弄权加剧了混乱，最终导致了1917年俄国革命。1917年3月尼古拉二世被迫退位，全家被李沃夫的临时政府拘押。由于遭到当地布尔什维克的反对，原先将其全家送往英格兰的计画无法实施。在被押往叶卡捷琳堡后，1918年7月全家在当地的一个地下室被处决。\n\n你好，根据这段关于尼古拉二世的介绍，请问他的在位时间是多长？", - "你好，Human！根据所给信息，尼古拉二世是俄国末代沙皇，他在位的时间是从1894年至1917年，共计23年。如果你还有其他问题，请继续提问。" + "根据所给信息，尼古拉二世是俄国末代沙皇，他在位的时间是从1894年至1917年，共计23年。如果你还有其他问题，请继续提问。" ], [ "谢谢！尼古拉二世的父亲是谁？他受的是哪种类型的教育？", @@ -341979,7 +341979,7 @@ "history": [ [ "物件导向程式设计object-oriented programming (OOP)电脑程式设计，强调资料的结构及其操作程序的封装。物件导向程式语言背离传统或程序程式设计，加入具有计算程序与资料结构的独立集合体，称为物件。撰写程式有如装配那些预先定义的物件，所需的时间远比传统程序语言要少得多。物件导向程式设计极受欢迎，因其程式设计生产力高。C++与Objective-C语言（1980年代早期）是C语言的物件导向版本，最多人采用。亦请参阅Java。\n\n你好，请问物件导向程式设计是什么？", - "你好，Human！物件导向程式设计（Object-Oriented Programming，简称OOP）是一种电脑程序设计方法，它强调资料的结构及其操作程序的封装。与传统的程序设计方法相比，OOP通过组合具有计算程序与资料结构的独立集合体，称为物件，来构建程序。利用这些预先定义好的物件，开发者可以更容易地创建和维护代码。OOP因其提高了程序设计生产力而受到欢迎，例如C++和Objective-C语言就是C语言的物件导向版本。" + "物件导向程式设计（Object-Oriented Programming，简称OOP）是一种电脑程序设计方法，它强调资料的结构及其操作程序的封装。与传统的程序设计方法相比，OOP通过组合具有计算程序与资料结构的独立集合体，称为物件，来构建程序。利用这些预先定义好的物件，开发者可以更容易地创建和维护代码。OOP因其提高了程序设计生产力而受到欢迎，例如C++和Objective-C语言就是C语言的物件导向版本。" ], [ "物件导向程式设计有哪些主要特点呢？", @@ -342135,7 +342135,7 @@ "history": [ [ "长鳍金枪鱼albacore学名为Thunnus alalunga。大型远洋性鱼类，以其肉质精美而闻名。这些贪食的掠夺者身体呈流线型，以便能迅速而持续的游动。分布于大西洋和太平洋，能作长距离的迁徙。蓝鳍金枪鱼（T thynnus）有时也叫albacore。\n\n请你根据刚刚给出的信息，简单介绍一下长鳍金枪鱼。", - "你好，Human！ 按照给出的信息，长鳍金枪鱼（学名：Thunnus alalunga）是一种大型远洋性鱼类，以肉质精美而闻名。这种鱼具有流线型的身体，这使得它能够快速而持续地游动。长鳍金枪鱼主要分布在大西洋和太平洋地区，它们能进行长距离迁徙。需要注意的是，蓝鳍金枪鱼（学名：Thunnus thynnus）有时也被称为albacore。" + " 按照给出的信息，长鳍金枪鱼（学名：Thunnus alalunga）是一种大型远洋性鱼类，以肉质精美而闻名。这种鱼具有流线型的身体，这使得它能够快速而持续地游动。长鳍金枪鱼主要分布在大西洋和太平洋地区，它们能进行长距离迁徙。需要注意的是，蓝鳍金枪鱼（学名：Thunnus thynnus）有时也被称为albacore。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍！长鳍金枪鱼主要分布在哪些水域？", @@ -342306,7 +342306,7 @@ "history": [ [ "威廉二世1056?～1100年William II绰号红脸威廉（William Rufus）。英格兰国王（1087～1100年在位）、诺曼第公爵（在该处称威廉三世，1096～1100）。征服者威廉一世的第三子。1088年平定了由忠于其兄罗伯特二世的诸侯发动的叛乱。他是一位暴虐的统治者，极其残酷的惩罚发动第二次诸侯叛乱的领袖（1095）。他强迫坎特伯里大主教圣安瑟伦离开英格兰并夺取他的土地（1097），他将苏格兰各个国王收为封臣（1093），1097年又征服了威尔斯，在诺曼第发动战争（1089～1096），罗伯特把他的王国抵押给红脸威廉，威廉才得以控制诺曼第。红脸威廉在一次打猎意外中丧生，可能是受其弟亨利（后来的亨利一世）指使的暗杀行动。\n\n嗨，请根据我提供的这段英文简介，告诉我红脸威廉是在什么时候成为英格兰国王的？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的英文简介，红脸威廉在1087年成为英格兰国王。他的全名是威廉二世，绰号红脸威廉（William Rufus），他还是诺曼第的公爵（1096-1100）。他成为国王的这段时间内发生了许多重要的事件，比如平定叛乱、征服苏格兰和威尔士等。" + "根据你提供的英文简介，红脸威廉在1087年成为英格兰国王。他的全名是威廉二世，绰号红脸威廉（William Rufus），他还是诺曼第的公爵（1096-1100）。他成为国王的这段时间内发生了许多重要的事件，比如平定叛乱、征服苏格兰和威尔士等。" ], [ "红脸威廉曾征服过哪些国家？", @@ -342588,7 +342588,7 @@ "history": [ [ "内尔维1891～1979年Nervi, Pier Luigi义大利工程师和建筑承包商。以发明钢丝网水泥（以钢筋网增强的水泥，使用于薄壳设计中）而在国际间成名。他的初次重要计画包括一系列在义大利的飞机库（1935～1941），设计出大跨度的水泥拱顶。除建筑物设计外，他还使用钢丝网水泥成功建造出船体只有125公分厚的帆船。在他替杜林展览会（1949～1950）设计的跨度达93公尺的预制波纹筒形拱顶展厅中，钢筋混凝土为其中极其重要的材料。内尔维与布罗伊尔参加了巴黎联合国教科文组织总部大厦的设计（1950），并协助设计了义大利首座摩天楼米兰皮雷利大厦（1955～1959）。\n\n请问内尔维是谁？", - "你好，Human。内尔维（Pier Luigi Nervi）是一位意大利工程师和建筑承包商，活跃于1891年至1979年。他因发明钢丝网水泥在国际上广为人知。钢丝网水泥是一种使用钢筋网加固的水泥，常用于薄壳设计。" + "内尔维（Pier Luigi Nervi）是一位意大利工程师和建筑承包商，活跃于1891年至1979年。他因发明钢丝网水泥在国际上广为人知。钢丝网水泥是一种使用钢筋网加固的水泥，常用于薄壳设计。" ], [ "内尔维的钢丝网水泥有什么重要应用？", @@ -343078,7 +343078,7 @@ "history": [ [ "剖腹产术cesarean section亦作C-section即在胎儿足月时或足月前经腹部切口自子宫剖取胎儿的手术。通常当阴道产会给母体或子体带来危险时就采用剖腹产。曾经剖腹产的人，日后怀孕时仍可阴道产。剖腹产所冒的风险就像是动大手术一样。剖腹产曾经一度遭滥用，后来大部分怕医疗不当，现在也已因自然分娩法运动而大为减少。\n\n我想了解一下剖腹产术，能简单地为我介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。剖腹产术（C-section）是指在胎儿足月时或足月前，通过腹部切口从子宫中取出胎儿的手术。通常在阴道分娩会给母亲或胎儿带来危险的情况下，医生会建议进行剖腹产。尽管剖腹产具有一定的风险，但在某些情况下，它可以有效地保护母婴健康。" + "当然可以。剖腹产术（C-section）是指在胎儿足月时或足月前，通过腹部切口从子宫中取出胎儿的手术。通常在阴道分娩会给母亲或胎儿带来危险的情况下，医生会建议进行剖腹产。尽管剖腹产具有一定的风险，但在某些情况下，它可以有效地保护母婴健康。" ], [ "那么，在什么情况下，医生会建议进行剖腹产呢？", @@ -343452,7 +343452,7 @@ "history": [ [ "俄罗斯芭蕾舞团Ballets Russes1909年由佳吉列夫在巴黎创立的芭蕾舞团。该团被认为是现代芭蕾之源，聘雇了当时最杰出的创作天才。其编舞家有福金、马辛、尼金斯卡和巴兰钦，舞者则有格尔采尔、卡尔萨温娜和尼金斯基。该团聘请史特拉汶斯基、拉威尔、米尧、普罗高菲夫和德布西等名家作曲，还请贝努瓦、毕卡索、鲁奥、马谛斯和德安担任舞台美术设计。所制作的舞剧中，有许多具有深远的影响，其中包括《仙女们》（1909）、《火鸟》（1910）、《春之祭》（1913）、《游行》（1917）、《婚礼》（1923）和《浪子》（1929）等。这个前卫的舞团改变了20世纪的芭蕾舞，即使该团于1929年佳吉列夫逝世后解散，它的影响力仍持续久远。\n\n根据以上信息，请告诉我Ballets Russes是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，Ballets Russes（俄罗斯芭蕾舞团）成立于1909年。这个舞团是由佳吉列夫（Sergei Diaghilev）在法国巴黎创立的，它被认为是现代芭蕾的源头。所以，Ballets Russes是在1909年成立的。" + "根据提供的信息，Ballets Russes（俄罗斯芭蕾舞团）成立于1909年。这个舞团是由佳吉列夫（Sergei Diaghilev）在法国巴黎创立的，它被认为是现代芭蕾的源头。所以，Ballets Russes是在1909年成立的。" ], [ "这个舞团的成立者是谁？", @@ -343703,7 +343703,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克兰诺格crannog爱尔兰语，通用于苏格兰和爱尔兰，指为房屋或村落人工构筑的场址；用木材（有时用石块）营造，通常是在小岛上或湖泊的浅滩上，并围以一道或两道保护性的栅栏。时代自青铜时代晚期起直至中世纪。参阅Lake Dwellings。\n\n最近在学习一些关于爱尔兰和苏格兰的文化知识，我刚刚读到关于克兰诺格（Crannog）这一词汇，它代表了一种特殊的场址，能给我解释一下这个词汇的特点吗？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答关于克兰诺格（Crannog）的问题。克兰诺格是一种使用木材或石块人工构筑的房屋或村落场址，通常建在小岛上或湖泊的浅滩上。为了保护居住者安全，克兰诺格通常会被围绕一道或两道保护性栅栏。这种特殊的居住场所出现在爱尔兰和苏格兰等地区，存在的时间涵盖了从青铜时代晚期到中世纪。希望这能帮助你更好地理解克兰诺格这个词汇。" + "很高兴为你解答关于克兰诺格（Crannog）的问题。克兰诺格是一种使用木材或石块人工构筑的房屋或村落场址，通常建在小岛上或湖泊的浅滩上。为了保护居住者安全，克兰诺格通常会被围绕一道或两道保护性栅栏。这种特殊的居住场所出现在爱尔兰和苏格兰等地区，存在的时间涵盖了从青铜时代晚期到中世纪。希望这能帮助你更好地理解克兰诺格这个词汇。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释！那么克兰诺格这种居住方式是如何随着时间的推移而发展演变的呢？", @@ -343931,7 +343931,7 @@ "history": [ [ "监护征赋制encomienda西班牙王国政府为确定美洲殖民地印第安居民的地位而制定的法律制度。按规定，监护征赋制是由王室将某一地区居住的一定数量的印第安人授予某一征服者、士兵、官吏或其他人员管辖。接受这一职务的人称「监护人」（encomendero），可向印第安人征收贡赋，但必须保护印第安人，并指导他们信仰基督教。监护征赋制不包括授予土地，但实际上监护人控制了印第安人的土地。其目的虽在减少分派劳役制的滥用，但实际上成为一种奴役形式。\n\n根据我刚刚提供的信息，监护征赋制是如何在美洲的殖民地确立印第安人的地位的？", - "你好，Human！监护征赋制(encomienda) 是一种由西班牙王国政府制定的法律制度，旨在确定美洲殖民地印第安人的地位。在这个制度下，王室会将一定数量的印第安人分配给征服者、士兵、官吏或其他人员，这些人被称为\"监护人\"（encomendero）。这些监护人有权向印第安人征收贡赋，但同时也必须保护和指导他们信仰基督教。虽然监护征赋制没有明确规定授予土地，但实际上，这些监护人控制了分配给他们的印第安人所居住的土地。" + "监护征赋制(encomienda) 是一种由西班牙王国政府制定的法律制度，旨在确定美洲殖民地印第安人的地位。在这个制度下，王室会将一定数量的印第安人分配给征服者、士兵、官吏或其他人员，这些人被称为\"监护人\"（encomendero）。这些监护人有权向印第安人征收贡赋，但同时也必须保护和指导他们信仰基督教。虽然监护征赋制没有明确规定授予土地，但实际上，这些监护人控制了分配给他们的印第安人所居住的土地。" ], [ "那么，监护征赋制在实际操作中是如何成为一种奴役形式的？", @@ -344362,7 +344362,7 @@ "history": [ [ "安大略Ontario加拿大第二大省。位于哈得逊湾和詹姆斯湾与圣罗伦斯水系-大湖区之间。省会多伦多。该区域最早由易洛魁和阿尔冈昆部落居住，后来欧洲人定居在此地。17世纪法国探险家和传教士来到此地。1763年法国印第安战争结束，安大略由法国割让给英国。1867年加拿大联邦成立，西加拿大即改称安大略省。该省地理上分为两个地区：北安大略岩石重叠，地势起伏，森林茂密，多沼泽和湖泊，矿藏丰富。南安大略适宜农业和工业生产，是加拿大人口、城市发展及工业的中心。首都渥太华亦位于该省。人口11,408,000（1996）。\n\n请问安大略省的位置在哪里？", - "你好，Human。安大略省位于加拿大的东南部，哈得逊湾和詹姆斯湾与圣罗伦斯水系-大湖区之间。这个位置使得安大略省在地理上有广泛的自然资源和多样的生态环境。" + "安大略省位于加拿大的东南部，哈得逊湾和詹姆斯湾与圣罗伦斯水系-大湖区之间。这个位置使得安大略省在地理上有广泛的自然资源和多样的生态环境。" ], [ "请告诉我一下安大略省的历史背景。", @@ -344404,7 +344404,7 @@ "history": [ [ "个体经济学microeconomics对个别消费者、公司和行业的经济行为以及总产量和总所得在它们之间分配的研究。个体经济学主张个人既是土地、劳动力和资本的供应者，也是最终产品的最后消费者。它分析公司既是产品供应者，又是劳力和资本的消费者。个体经济学还试图分析市场或其他形式的能确定各种财货和劳务相对价格的并能在许多可供选择的用途中分配社会资源的机制。亦请参阅macroeconomics。\n\n你好，我想了解一下个体经济学的概念以及它的作用。", - "你好，Human！个体经济学（microeconomics）是研究个别消费者、公司和行业的经济行为以及总产量和总所得在它们之间分配的学科。个体经济学认为，个人既是土地、劳动力和资本的供应者，也是最终产品的最后消费者。同时，公司既是产品供应者，又是劳力和资本的消费者。个体经济学试图分析能确定各种财物和劳务的相对价格，以及在许多可供选择的用途中分配社会资源的市场或其他形式的机制。这门学科与宏观经济学（macroeconomics）相对，后者研究的是整个经济体系的行为和表现。" + "个体经济学（microeconomics）是研究个别消费者、公司和行业的经济行为以及总产量和总所得在它们之间分配的学科。个体经济学认为，个人既是土地、劳动力和资本的供应者，也是最终产品的最后消费者。同时，公司既是产品供应者，又是劳力和资本的消费者。个体经济学试图分析能确定各种财物和劳务的相对价格，以及在许多可供选择的用途中分配社会资源的市场或其他形式的机制。这门学科与宏观经济学（macroeconomics）相对，后者研究的是整个经济体系的行为和表现。" ], [ "能否举个例子来解释个体经济学的应用？", @@ -344690,7 +344690,7 @@ "history": [ [ "朱利尼1914年～Giulini, Carlo Maria义大利指挥家。朱利尼在罗马圣塞西利亚音乐学院学习中提琴和作曲，在做了几年中提琴手后，于1944年成为指挥家。在担任史卡拉歌剧院首席指挥数年后，因为厌烦缺少彩排的时间，1967年在其国际职业生涯高峰时离开歌剧界。其所灌录莫札特和威尔第的歌剧及合唱作品受到普遍欢迎，随后在芝加哥（1968～1978）、维也纳（1973～1976）和洛杉矶（1978～1986）等管弦乐团中担任重要职务。\n\n请问Carlo Maria Giulini是何时出生的？", - "你好，Human！Carlo Maria Giulini是在1914年出生的。他是一位著名的意大利指挥家。" + "Carlo Maria Giulini是在1914年出生的。他是一位著名的意大利指挥家。" ], [ "Giulini在哪里接受的音乐教育？", @@ -344919,7 +344919,7 @@ "history": [ [ "艾塞克斯Essex英格兰东部郡（1995年人口约1,578,000）。沿北海沿岸从泰晤士河（Thames River）口延伸至斯陶尔河（Stour River）口。切姆斯福德（Chelmsford）为郡首府所在。为古郡，向西延伸至米德尔塞克斯（Middlesex），但大伦敦（Greater London）现今已将其西方角并入。至5世纪萨克逊入侵前为罗马中心，为七国时代（Heptarchy）的盎格鲁-撒克逊王国的伦敦中心。9世纪为丹麦人掌控，之后又为韦克塞斯所征服。现有大半土地划归敦伦，但许多地区仍保持乡村特色，为泰晤士河畔的石化业重镇，有核电厂。\n\n你好。请问艾塞克斯（Essex）的地理位置？具体沿哪些河流？", - "你好，Human。艾塞克斯位于英格兰东部，它沿北海岸线从泰晤士河口延伸至斯陶尔河口。这个地区的特点就是北海沿岸，因此与泰晤士河和斯陶尔河有密切关系。这也为艾塞克斯的经济发展提供了便利条件。" + "艾塞克斯位于英格兰东部，它沿北海岸线从泰晤士河口延伸至斯陶尔河口。这个地区的特点就是北海沿岸，因此与泰晤士河和斯陶尔河有密切关系。这也为艾塞克斯的经济发展提供了便利条件。" ], [ "艾塞克斯 Essex有哪些重要的历史发展？", @@ -345003,7 +345003,7 @@ "history": [ [ "维斯康堤1351～1402年Visconti, Gian Galeazzo别名Count of Valor义大利米兰的领袖。使维斯康堤王朝达到权力的顶峰。加勒阿佐二世之子。其父与叔父分享米兰统治权。维斯康堤企图建立一个统一的国家。1387年，得以控制特雷维索的马尔凯的大部分。到1402年兼并比萨、锡耶纳、翁布里亚和波隆那。在整个义大利北部，只有佛罗伦斯没有落到他的手中。\n\n你好，请问你了解维斯康堤这个名字的由来吗？想了解一下。", - "你好，Human。维斯康堤是一个意大利的贵族家族，起源于公元11世纪。它得名于家族成员担任米兰的领袖。你提到的Gian Galeazzo Visconti，全名Visconti, Gian Galeazzo，也被称为Count of Valor（勇敢之公），是该家族中一位著名的统治者。当时，他的目标是建立一个统一的国家，使维斯康堤王朝达到权力的顶峰。" + "维斯康堤是一个意大利的贵族家族，起源于公元11世纪。它得名于家族成员担任米兰的领袖。你提到的Gian Galeazzo Visconti，全名Visconti, Gian Galeazzo，也被称为Count of Valor（勇敢之公），是该家族中一位著名的统治者。当时，他的目标是建立一个统一的国家，使维斯康堤王朝达到权力的顶峰。" ], [ "了解了，那么Visconti, Gian Galeazzo是如何把米兰扩张到义大利北部的？", @@ -345136,7 +345136,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣乔治Saint George's西印度群岛上格瑞纳达的首都。位于该岛的西南岸的一个小半岛上。法国人于1650年建为居民点。该地1885～1958年为前英属向风群岛首府。现为港口，输出可可、肉豆蔻、肉豆蔻干皮和香蕉。它是1983年美国与加勒比海的部队在军事调停期间的战场。人口约5,000（1991）。\n\n请问圣乔治是哪个国家的首都？", - "你好，Human。圣乔治是格瑞纳达（Grenada）的首都。格瑞纳达是位于西印度群岛的一座主权国家。" + "圣乔治是格瑞纳达（Grenada）的首都。格瑞纳达是位于西印度群岛的一座主权国家。" ], [ "请问圣乔治有什么历史事件吗？", @@ -345748,7 +345748,7 @@ "history": [ [ "面face头的前部，从额头到下巴，包括眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴和颚。在人类演化过程中，脑容量增加，颚齿部的后缩，脸部侧面基本上是垂直的，具备两个明显的特征，即鼻显着突出和颏界线分明。个体发育中人的面部和脑颅各按不同模式生长变化。六岁时脑和脑颅达到成年大小的90%，而面部生长却较慢。从侧面看，出生时面小于脑颅的1/5；成人时达到将近一半。面部肌肉可牵动脸部表情以表达情绪。\n\n你好，请问人类面部为什么会有这么明显的特征，比如鼻子显着突出和颏界线分明？", - "你好，Human！人类面部的明显特征是由于人类演化过程中的一系列改变。鼻子显着突出和颏界线分明这两个特点，可以归因于脑容量的增加和颏齿部的后缩。随着人类大脑的发展和脑容量的扩大，颜面骨的结构和面部肌肉也发生了相应的调整，以适应这些变化。另外，这些特征还有助于人类的呼吸、咀嚼和语言发音等功能。" + "人类面部的明显特征是由于人类演化过程中的一系列改变。鼻子显着突出和颏界线分明这两个特点，可以归因于脑容量的增加和颏齿部的后缩。随着人类大脑的发展和脑容量的扩大，颜面骨的结构和面部肌肉也发生了相应的调整，以适应这些变化。另外，这些特征还有助于人类的呼吸、咀嚼和语言发音等功能。" ], [ "面部生长和脑颅生长的不同模式是怎样的呢？", @@ -345851,7 +345851,7 @@ "history": [ [ "智库think tank跨学科研究的机构、公司或团体，通常是接受政府或商业客户委托。政府客户的委托案，多是有关社会政策计画及国家安全议题；商业客户的委托案，主要为新科技和新产品的发展及测试。智库的经费来源包括基金、合约、私人捐献、出售研究报告等。\n\n你好，请问什么是智库？", - "你好，Human。智库，又称为思考工厂，是指跨学科研究的机构、公司或团体，通常接受政府或商业客户委托进行研究和分析。政府客户的委托案常常涉及社会政策计划和国家安全议题；而商业客户的委托案则主要为新科技和新产品的发展及测试。智库的经费来源包括基金、合约、私人捐献、出售研究报告等。" + "智库，又称为思考工厂，是指跨学科研究的机构、公司或团体，通常接受政府或商业客户委托进行研究和分析。政府客户的委托案常常涉及社会政策计划和国家安全议题；而商业客户的委托案则主要为新科技和新产品的发展及测试。智库的经费来源包括基金、合约、私人捐献、出售研究报告等。" ], [ "智库如何完成政府客户的委托？", @@ -345988,7 +345988,7 @@ "history": [ [ "旗帜flag展示某一团体、军队、机构或个人标志的一片布或类似材料，通常（但非总是）呈长方形，其一边附着于木杆或升降索上。旗帜的历史与人类的文明一样古老，不过对它的起源并不清楚。中国人可能是最早使用布旗帜的，证据显示，十字军返回欧洲时，也将旗帜带回欧洲的。今日大部分的国旗都是在19到20世纪时设计的。\n\n请问旗帜最早是由哪个国家发明的？", - "你好，Human！关于旗帜的起源，现在并不十分清楚。但从现有的证据来看，中国可能是最早使用布旗帜的国家。当然，这仅仅是基于所找到的记录和遗物，旗帜的真实起源仍有待进一步研究和探讨。" + "关于旗帜的起源，现在并不十分清楚。但从现有的证据来看，中国可能是最早使用布旗帜的国家。当然，这仅仅是基于所找到的记录和遗物，旗帜的真实起源仍有待进一步研究和探讨。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。我还想知道，十字军是如何将旗帜带回欧洲的？", @@ -346087,7 +346087,7 @@ "history": [ [ "频闪观测仪stroboscope透过对旋转物体或振动物体进行间歇照射来研究物体的运动或确定其旋转速度或振动频率的仪器。该仪器透过在短暂的间歇时间内对同一运动段内的物体进行照射来达到目的。使用频闪观测仪可以使机器的某个部位看上去像是在慢速运行或已经停止运动。\n\n请问一下，频闪观测仪stroboscope是如何测量旋转物体的速度的呢？", - "你好Human，频闪观测仪stroboscope是通过对旋转物体进行间歇照射的方式来测量其旋转速度的。当观测仪发出一束与物体旋转速度匹配的闪烁光源，并在短暂间歇时间内对同一运动段的物体进行照射时，物体就会呈现出静止或慢速运动的状态。这时，我们可以通过计算频闪光源的闪烁频率与旋转物体匹配的次数，从而得出物体的旋转速度。" + "频闪观测仪stroboscope是通过对旋转物体进行间歇照射的方式来测量其旋转速度的。当观测仪发出一束与物体旋转速度匹配的闪烁光源，并在短暂间歇时间内对同一运动段的物体进行照射时，物体就会呈现出静止或慢速运动的状态。这时，我们可以通过计算频闪光源的闪烁频率与旋转物体匹配的次数，从而得出物体的旋转速度。" ], [ "那么振动物体的频率又能如何测量呢？", @@ -346224,7 +346224,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尼科尔斯1931年～Nichols, Mike原名Michael Igor Peschkowsky德国出生的美国戏剧和电影导演。父母为犹太人，1938年逃往美国。在芝加哥大学和演员工作室学习后，他在芝加哥组织了一个即兴表演剧团。他与梅（生于1932年）一起巡回演出并记录了一套出色的社会讽刺性的日常生活情景。后来他执导了一系列票房收入与评论界反应俱佳的舞台剧，包括《裸足佳偶》（1963）、《卢夫》（1964）、《古怪的一对》（1965）和《饭店套房》（1968）。他导演的电影有《灵欲春宵》（1966）、《毕业生》（1967，获奥斯卡奖）、《二十二支队》（1970）、《上班女郎》（1988）和《风起云涌》（1998）。\n\n你好，请问你了解尼科尔斯，这位德国出生的美国戏剧和电影导演吗？", - "你好，Human。当然了解，尼科尔斯——或者说Mike Nichols，原名Michael Igor Peschkowsky，是一位在1931年出生于德国的著名戏剧和电影导演。他的父母是犹太人，为了逃离纳粹德国，他们在1938年带着尼科尔斯移民到了美国。在美国，尼科尔斯先后在芝加哥大学和演员工作室学习表演，并在芝加哥建立了一个即兴表演剧团。他与其他表演者一同表演并录制了许多与日常生活有关的社会讽刺性情景。后来，尼科尔斯开始执导舞台剧和电影，作品受到了观众和评论家的热烈欢迎。" + "当然了解，尼科尔斯——或者说Mike Nichols，原名Michael Igor Peschkowsky，是一位在1931年出生于德国的著名戏剧和电影导演。他的父母是犹太人，为了逃离纳粹德国，他们在1938年带着尼科尔斯移民到了美国。在美国，尼科尔斯先后在芝加哥大学和演员工作室学习表演，并在芝加哥建立了一个即兴表演剧团。他与其他表演者一同表演并录制了许多与日常生活有关的社会讽刺性情景。后来，尼科尔斯开始执导舞台剧和电影，作品受到了观众和评论家的热烈欢迎。" ], [ "那他导演过哪些受到好评的舞台剧呢？", @@ -346675,7 +346675,7 @@ "history": [ [ "密西根大学Michigan, University of美国密西根州的州立大学，主校区位于安亚伯，在夫林特和第波恩都有分校。1817年成立于底特律，原为一所预备大学，1837年迁往安亚伯。现在是美国主要的学术研究大学之一，包括文学、科学和艺术学院以及众多的研究生院及专业学校。该校的设施还包括一个核反应器、一家综合医院、一个太空工程实验室、一所五大湖研究中心和福特总统图书馆。主校区注册生人数约有37,000人。\n\n我想了解一下密歇根大学的情况，你能给我讲讲吗？", - "你好，Human！我很乐意为你讲述密歇根大学的情况。密歇根大学是位于美国密歇根州的一所州立大学，它成立于1817年，最初位于底特律，后来在1837年迁至现在的主校区安那堡。该校在弗林特和迪尔伯恩也设有分校。作为美国主要的学术研究大学之一，密歇根大学拥有文学、科学和艺术学院以及许多研究生院和专业学校。在这里，你可以学习到各种丰富的学科知识。此外，该校还拥有诸如核反应器、综合医院、太空工程实验室、五大湖研究中心和福特总统图书馆等多种高级设施。目前，密歇根大学的主校区有大约37,000名注册学生。" + "我很乐意为你讲述密歇根大学的情况。密歇根大学是位于美国密歇根州的一所州立大学，它成立于1817年，最初位于底特律，后来在1837年迁至现在的主校区安那堡。该校在弗林特和迪尔伯恩也设有分校。作为美国主要的学术研究大学之一，密歇根大学拥有文学、科学和艺术学院以及许多研究生院和专业学校。在这里，你可以学习到各种丰富的学科知识。此外，该校还拥有诸如核反应器、综合医院、太空工程实验室、五大湖研究中心和福特总统图书馆等多种高级设施。目前，密歇根大学的主校区有大约37,000名注册学生。" ], [ "是不是很多学生都希望进入密歇根大学学习？他们主投的专业有哪些？", @@ -346732,7 +346732,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尼克劳斯1940年～Nicklaus, Jack (William)美国高尔夫球员，为1960年代至1980年代世界高尔夫球界的杰出人物。在俄亥俄州立大学就读时，曾获二次美国业余高尔夫球赛冠军（1959，1961）。1962年转入职业界后，赢得四次美国公开赛（1962，1967，1972，1980）、六次名人赛（1963，1965，1966，1972，1975，1986）、五次美国职业高尔夫球协会锦标赛（1963，1971，1973，1975，1980）和三次英国公开赛（1966，1970，1978）冠军。他也是赢得美国世界杯六次冠军的高球队之一员，并创下获得世界杯个人冠军三次的记录（1963，1964，1971）。至1986年，「金熊」已参加过一百场主要的冠军赛，并有四十五次赢得前三名。尼克劳斯出色的职业生涯不但反映出他天生非凡的才能与力量外，还显示出其在沈重压力下的沈着与自制力。他被公认为是高尔夫球历史上最伟大的球员。\n\n请你根据上文简短地介绍一下尼克劳斯，他在高尔夫界取得了哪些成就呢？", - "你好，Human! 尼克劳斯（Jack Nicklaus），全名Jack William Nicklaus，是美国著名的高尔夫球员，活跃于1960年至1980年代。他在俄亥俄州立大学期间，曾获得两次美国业余高尔夫球赛冠军。转为职业球员后，他赢得了四届美国公开赛、六届名人赛、五届美国职业高尔夫球协会锦标赛和三届英国公开赛冠军。此外，他还是美国世界杯高尔夫球队的六次冠军之一，并担任过美国世界杯队成员。尼克劳斯被广泛认为是高尔夫球历史上最伟大的球员。" + "尼克劳斯（Jack Nicklaus），全名Jack William Nicklaus，是美国著名的高尔夫球员，活跃于1960年至1980年代。他在俄亥俄州立大学期间，曾获得两次美国业余高尔夫球赛冠军。转为职业球员后，他赢得了四届美国公开赛、六届名人赛、五届美国职业高尔夫球协会锦标赛和三届英国公开赛冠军。此外，他还是美国世界杯高尔夫球队的六次冠军之一，并担任过美国世界杯队成员。尼克劳斯被广泛认为是高尔夫球历史上最伟大的球员。" ], [ "尼克劳斯有什么成绩使他被认为是高尔夫球历史上最伟大的球员？", @@ -346751,7 +346751,7 @@ "history": [ [ "贝尔1792～1876年Baer, Karl Ernst, Ritter (Knight) von普鲁士裔爱沙尼亚胚胎学家。与友人潘德尔（Christian Pander, 1794～1865）用鸡胚研究得出的体层形成概念扩展到所有脊椎动物，为比较胚胎学奠定了基础。他强调一个物种的胚胎只能与其他物种的胚胎相比较，而且胚胎越是年幼，相似程度越高。表明了其渐成说观点︰发育过程从简单到复杂，从同质到异质。他也发现了哺乳动物的卵子。他的着作《论动物的发育》（两卷，1827～1828），概述及丰富了有关脊椎动物发育的知识，明确建立了胚胎学成为一研究学科。\n\n根据给定的信息，能介绍一下贝尔是谁吗？", - "你好，Human。贝尔，全名Karl Ernst, Ritter von Baer，是一位生活在1792年至1876年的普鲁士裔爱沙尼亚胚胎学家。他与友人Christian Pander共同通过研究鸡胚，将体层形成概念应用于所有脊椎动物，从而为比较胚胎学奠定了基础。他的观点是一个物种的胚胎只能与其他物种的胚胎进行比较，胚胎越年幼，相似程度越高。这反映了他的渐成说观点，即发育过程从简单到复杂，从同质到异质。贝尔还发现了哺乳动物的卵子，他的著作《论动物的发育》（1827-1828）系统地总结和丰富了脊椎动物发育的知识，确立了胚胎学作为独立研究学科的地位。" + "贝尔，全名Karl Ernst, Ritter von Baer，是一位生活在1792年至1876年的普鲁士裔爱沙尼亚胚胎学家。他与友人Christian Pander共同通过研究鸡胚，将体层形成概念应用于所有脊椎动物，从而为比较胚胎学奠定了基础。他的观点是一个物种的胚胎只能与其他物种的胚胎进行比较，胚胎越年幼，相似程度越高。这反映了他的渐成说观点，即发育过程从简单到复杂，从同质到异质。贝尔还发现了哺乳动物的卵子，他的著作《论动物的发育》（1827-1828）系统地总结和丰富了脊椎动物发育的知识，确立了胚胎学作为独立研究学科的地位。" ], [ "请解释一下体层形成概念是什么？", @@ -348320,7 +348320,7 @@ "history": [ [ "多多马Dodoma坦尚尼亚城市。该市位于人烟稀少的农业区，海拔1,135公尺。为附近地区农产品集散中心。工业生产有家具、饮料、食品和肥皂等。1974年，该市被选为新都，政府机构将由达累斯萨拉姆分期迁入。人口约203,833（1988）。\n\n关于多多马这个城市你知道什么信息吗？", - "你好，Human！多多马（Dodoma）位于坦桑尼亚，是一个海拔1,135米的城市。它位于人烟稀少的农业区，是附近地区农产品的集散中心。多多马的工业生产包括家具、饮料、食品和肥皂等。在1974年，多多马被选为新都，政府机构逐步从达累斯萨拉姆迁入。根据1988年的数据，当时多多马的人口约为203,833人。" + "多多马（Dodoma）位于坦桑尼亚，是一个海拔1,135米的城市。它位于人烟稀少的农业区，是附近地区农产品的集散中心。多多马的工业生产包括家具、饮料、食品和肥皂等。在1974年，多多马被选为新都，政府机构逐步从达累斯萨拉姆迁入。根据1988年的数据，当时多多马的人口约为203,833人。" ], [ "你能告诉我多多马的气候特点吗？", @@ -348911,7 +348911,7 @@ "history": [ [ "红树林植物mangrove红树科、马鞭草科、海桑科和棕榈科一些灌木和乔木的统称，常沿感潮河口、盐沼、泥岸形成稠密的灌丛或树林。也指类似这种植物所形成的灌丛或树林。红树林植物的特征是具有暴露在空气中的支柱根，不少种具有呼吸根或膝根，突出于泥上，有微小的开口，空气通过皮孔经根部柔软的海绵状组织到达泥下的根部。果未脱落时种子就发出胚根迅速下长，在果实脱离母株前即已定植于土中。同样的，其枝干也会向下生出不定根，定植后又向上生出新的嫩芽。普通红树（Rhizophora mangle）高约9公尺，叶短厚，表面革质，生有短柄；花淡黄色；果实味甜，有益健康。\n\n请问红树林植物有什么特点？", - "你好，Human。红树林植物的特点有以下几点：\n1. 它们通常生长在感潮河口、盐沼和泥岸地区，形成稠密的灌丛或树林；\n2. 这类植物具有暴露在空气中的支柱根，一些物种还有呼吸根或膝根；\n3. 呼吸根和膝根在泥上突出，有微小的开口，空气通过皮孔经根部柔软的海绵状组织到达泥下的根部；\n4. 果实在未脱落时种子就开始发芽，胚根迅速下长，果实脱离母株前已定植于土中；\n5. 其枝干也能向下生出不定根，定植后又向上生出新的嫩芽。\n\n这些特点使红树林植物适应并生存于具有强盐碱、湿润环境的沼泽地区。" + "红树林植物的特点有以下几点：\n1. 它们通常生长在感潮河口、盐沼和泥岸地区，形成稠密的灌丛或树林；\n2. 这类植物具有暴露在空气中的支柱根，一些物种还有呼吸根或膝根；\n3. 呼吸根和膝根在泥上突出，有微小的开口，空气通过皮孔经根部柔软的海绵状组织到达泥下的根部；\n4. 果实在未脱落时种子就开始发芽，胚根迅速下长，果实脱离母株前已定植于土中；\n5. 其枝干也能向下生出不定根，定植后又向上生出新的嫩芽。\n\n这些特点使红树林植物适应并生存于具有强盐碱、湿润环境的沼泽地区。" ], [ "红树林植物有哪些代表性的物种？", @@ -348968,7 +348968,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克拉苏前140～西元前91年Crassus, Lucius Licinius罗马法学家、政治人物，一般认为他与安东尼（M Antonius）是西塞罗之前罗马最伟大的两位演说家。西元前119年开始法律生涯，他的口才使他很快名扬四方。西元前95年任执政官，提出「李锡尼-穆齐亚法」（Lex Licinia Mucia），其中规定对所有冒称具有罗马公民权者将予以起诉。这项法律触怒了还没有被完全并入罗马的义大利各盟邦，从而加剧导致爆发同盟者叛乱（西元前90～西元前88年）的紧张局势。\n\n你好，请问你了解克拉苏这个人物吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解克拉苏（Lucius Licinius Crassus），他是公元前140-91年的罗马法学家和政治人物。与安东尼（M Antonius）一起，在西塞罗之前，被认为是罗马最伟大的两位演说家。他于公元前119年开始法律生涯，凭借出色的口才迅速崭露头角。公元前95年，担任执政官期间，他提出了“李锡尼-穆齐亚法”（Lex Licinia Mucia），该法规定对所有冒称具有罗马公民权者将予以起诉。这项法律激怒了尚未完全并入罗马的义大利各盟邦，加剧导致爆发同盟者叛乱（公元前90-88年）的紧张局势。" + "我了解克拉苏（Lucius Licinius Crassus），他是公元前140-91年的罗马法学家和政治人物。与安东尼（M Antonius）一起，在西塞罗之前，被认为是罗马最伟大的两位演说家。他于公元前119年开始法律生涯，凭借出色的口才迅速崭露头角。公元前95年，担任执政官期间，他提出了“李锡尼-穆齐亚法”（Lex Licinia Mucia），该法规定对所有冒称具有罗马公民权者将予以起诉。这项法律激怒了尚未完全并入罗马的义大利各盟邦，加剧导致爆发同盟者叛乱（公元前90-88年）的紧张局势。" ], [ "克拉苏在演说方面非常擅长，请详细介绍下这一点。", @@ -349299,7 +349299,7 @@ "history": [ [ "naphthalene最简单的熔凝（浓缩）的环状烃，由两个共用两个相邻碳原子的苯环（C10H8）组成的芳香族化合物。室温下它是白色固体，极易挥发，有一种特有的气味。在染料和合成树脂的生产中是重要的原材料。它还被用作驱蛀虫剂。\n\n请问你能告诉我什么是萘（naphthalene）吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。萘是一种最简单的环状烃，由两个共用两个相邻碳原子的苯环（C10H8）组成的芳香族化合物。室温下，萘呈现为白色固体，易挥发且具有特殊气味。它在染料和合成树脂的生产中被视为重要原材料，同时也是一种常用的驱蛀虫剂。希望这能回答你的问题。" + "当然可以。萘是一种最简单的环状烃，由两个共用两个相邻碳原子的苯环（C10H8）组成的芳香族化合物。室温下，萘呈现为白色固体，易挥发且具有特殊气味。它在染料和合成树脂的生产中被视为重要原材料，同时也是一种常用的驱蛀虫剂。希望这能回答你的问题。" ], [ "哦，明白了。它在染料和合成树脂方面有哪些应用？", @@ -349318,7 +349318,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蝾螈newt亦称eft蝾螈科40余种动物的统称，主要分布于美国东南部和墨西哥，也见于亚洲和大不列颠。水栖者称蝾螈，而陆栖者称水蜥。体躯细长，尾高大于宽。以蚯蚓、昆虫、蜗牛和其他小动物为食。水栖和陆栖种类都繁殖于池塘中。英国的3个种（北螈属）有时被称为北螈。北美东部的赤水蜥（N viridescens）在幼年陆生时体呈鲜红色，之后变为永久的水栖动物，体色转为暗绿。\n\n你好，请问蝾螈和eft是40余种的哪些动物，它们的主要分布地在哪里？", - "你好，Human！蝾螈和eft是蝾螈科的40多种动物的统称，它们主要分布在美国东南部和墨西哥地区，同时也可以在亚洲和大不列颠地区找到它们。这些动物的共同特点是体躯细长，尾高大于宽。各种蝾螈之间的具体分类和区别可能较为复杂，但一般而言，它们分为水栖的蝾螈和陆栖的水蜥。" + "蝾螈和eft是蝾螈科的40多种动物的统称，它们主要分布在美国东南部和墨西哥地区，同时也可以在亚洲和大不列颠地区找到它们。这些动物的共同特点是体躯细长，尾高大于宽。各种蝾螈之间的具体分类和区别可能较为复杂，但一般而言，它们分为水栖的蝾螈和陆栖的水蜥。" ], [ "能否举例说明一下水栖蝾螈和陆栖水蜥的区别呢？", @@ -349402,7 +349402,7 @@ "history": [ [ "翠鸟kingfisher翠鸟科约90种鸟类的统称，大多以鱼为食。独栖，广泛分布于世界各地，但主要在热带地区。头大，喙长而窄，体结实，腿短，大多数尾短或适中。体长10～45公分，多数羽衣鲜艳，有鲜明的斑纹，许多种类有羽冠。会发出咯咯声或尖叫声，钻入水中捕捉小鱼和其他水生动物。唯一一种分布广泛的北美洲品种带翠鸟（Megaceryle alcyon），背部呈蓝灰色，腹部白色。森林里的翠鸟（如笑翠鸟）的喙较宽。\n\n根据这段信息，你能介绍一下翠鸟的生活习性和捕食行为吗？", - "你好，Human！翠鸟是翠鸟科的鸟类，共有约90种，它们主要以鱼为食。翠鸟通常独栖，广泛分布于世界各地，但主要在热带地区。它们的捕食行为非常独特，通常会从栖息点发出咯咯声或尖叫声，然后快速钻入水中抓住小鱼和其他水生动物。捕食成功后，翠鸟会返回原来的栖息点享用美食。" + "翠鸟是翠鸟科的鸟类，共有约90种，它们主要以鱼为食。翠鸟通常独栖，广泛分布于世界各地，但主要在热带地区。它们的捕食行为非常独特，通常会从栖息点发出咯咯声或尖叫声，然后快速钻入水中抓住小鱼和其他水生动物。捕食成功后，翠鸟会返回原来的栖息点享用美食。" ], [ "请问翠鸟的体形和羽毛特点是什么？", @@ -349494,7 +349494,7 @@ "history": [ [ "查特吉1838～1894年Chatterjee, Bankim Chandra孟加拉语作Bankim Chandra Cattopadhyay印度小说家。出身婆罗门家庭，曾在加尔各答大学受教育，后来在印度政府中任行政官多年。《将军的女儿》（1865）是他第一部孟加拉语小说，开创了孟加拉语小说的先河。他主办的《孟加拉之镜》报纸于1872年创刊，陆续登载了他晚期写的一些小说。他的小说在结构上虽有缺陷，但在同时代人眼里，他是一位先知，所描绘的英勇的印度主角激发了印度人民的爱国热情和民族自豪感。他的小说使散文成为孟加拉语的文学表达形式之一，并帮助在印度创立了一个以欧洲小说为模式的流派。查特吉被视为最伟大的孟加拉小说家。\n\n你好，请问查特吉是哪个国家的作家？", - "你好，Human！查特吉，全名Bankim Chandra Chatterjee，是印度的一位著名小说家。他主要用孟加拉语创作，对印度和孟加拉语文学产生了深远的影响。" + "查特吉，全名Bankim Chandra Chatterjee，是印度的一位著名小说家。他主要用孟加拉语创作，对印度和孟加拉语文学产生了深远的影响。" ], [ "他有什么突破性的作品吗？", @@ -349689,7 +349689,7 @@ "history": [ [ "纳比派Nabis法国艺术家团体。他们宣称艺术作品是艺术家把自然综合为个人的美学隐喻和符号，从而获得的最终产物和视觉表达。为20世纪初抽象主义和非具像艺术的发展铺平了道路。最初是受到以画家高更为中心的所谓阿望桥村画派的启发，后来又受了日本木刻、法国象征主义绘画和英国前拉斐尔派艺术的很大影响。但在高更直接指导下，纳比派创始人塞律西埃（P Sérusier，1865～1927）画了第一幅纳比派作品《阿望桥村爱之林风景》（又称《护符》，1888）。成员包括了初期的勃纳尔（P Bonnard）、维亚尔（E Vuillard）及后来的马约尔（A Maillol）。\n\n你好，请问你能帮我了解一下纳比派这个艺术团体吗？", - "你好，Human。纳比派是一个法国艺术家团体，成立于20世纪初。纳比派认为艺术作品是艺术家将自然综合为个人的美学隐喻和符号，从而获得的最终产物和视觉表达。他们的艺术风格为抽象主义和非具像艺术的发展铺平了道路。纳比派最早受到以画家高更为中心的阿望桥村画派的启发，后来还受到了日本木刻、法国象征主义绘画和英国前拉斐尔派艺术的很大影响。" + "纳比派是一个法国艺术家团体，成立于20世纪初。纳比派认为艺术作品是艺术家将自然综合为个人的美学隐喻和符号，从而获得的最终产物和视觉表达。他们的艺术风格为抽象主义和非具像艺术的发展铺平了道路。纳比派最早受到以画家高更为中心的阿望桥村画派的启发，后来还受到了日本木刻、法国象征主义绘画和英国前拉斐尔派艺术的很大影响。" ], [ "这个团体的创始人是谁？他们创作了哪些著名的作品？", @@ -349792,7 +349792,7 @@ "history": [ [ "贝阿恩Béarn法国西南部历史文化区和旧省，与加斯科涅和庇里牛斯山脉为邻。首府为波城。在罗马人统治时期，为亚奎丹的一部分。后来遭到汪达尔人和西哥德人蹂躏。后来成为亨利三世的贝阿恩伯爵封地，1589年亨利三世成为法国国王亨利四世，贝阿恩于是成为法国王室领地。16世纪时在昂古莱姆的玛格丽特统治下，波城是一个重要的文化中心。\n\n你好，请问这段文字是关于贝阿恩地区的历史背景吗？", - "你好，Human! 是的，这段文字介绍了位于法国西南部的贝阿恩地区的历史背景。它曾是亚奎丹的一部分，在罗马人统治时期、遭受过汪达尔人和西哥德人的蹂躏，后来成为亨利三世的封地。当亨利三世成为法国国王亨利四世时，贝阿恩成为法国王室领地。在16世纪昂古莱姆的玛格丽特统治下，波城成为一个重要的文化中心。" + "是的，这段文字介绍了位于法国西南部的贝阿恩地区的历史背景。它曾是亚奎丹的一部分，在罗马人统治时期、遭受过汪达尔人和西哥德人的蹂躏，后来成为亨利三世的封地。当亨利三世成为法国国王亨利四世时，贝阿恩成为法国王室领地。在16世纪昂古莱姆的玛格丽特统治下，波城成为一个重要的文化中心。" ], [ "波城在历史上的地位是什么样的？", @@ -349971,7 +349971,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国王谷地Kings, Valley of the埃及底比斯西部峡谷，是第十八到二十王朝（西元前1539～西元前1075年）从图特摩一世（Thutmose I）到拉美西斯十一世的几乎所有法老的墓地。谷地中有六十座陵墓，事实上所有陵墓都已被盗过，只有图坦卡门的陵墓逃过掠夺，其中的财宝现存放在开罗的埃及博物馆里。最长的陵墓是哈特谢普苏特（Hatshepsut）的，从墓室到入口处约有215公尺。最大的则是拉美西斯二世的儿子所建造的，共有六十七个墓室。\n\n你好，请问国王谷地是位于哪个国家的哪个地区？", - "你好，Human。国王谷地（Valley of the Kings）位于埃及底比斯西部的一个峡谷。这个著名的考古区域位于埃及的卢克索城郊，顺着尼罗河流域延伸。这里是第十八到二十王朝（公元前1539～公元前1075年）从图特摩一世（Thutmose I）到拉美西斯十一世的几乎所有法老的墓地。" + "国王谷地（Valley of the Kings）位于埃及底比斯西部的一个峡谷。这个著名的考古区域位于埃及的卢克索城郊，顺着尼罗河流域延伸。这里是第十八到二十王朝（公元前1539～公元前1075年）从图特摩一世（Thutmose I）到拉美西斯十一世的几乎所有法老的墓地。" ], [ "请告诉我国王谷地有多少座陵墓？", @@ -350265,7 +350265,7 @@ "history": [ [ "河竹默阿弥1816～1893年Kawatake Mokuami原名吉村芳三郎（Yoshimura Yoshisaburo）日本剧作家。他师从歌舞伎剧作家鹤屋南北五世，后来成为河原崎剧院的主要剧作家（1843）。以写普通人生活的「市民剧」和写盗贼生活的「白浪物」剧着称。1868年后他改写历史剧，强调史实的正确性。他还开创了一种新的市民剧，描写明治时代初期社会的现代化和西方化。1881年退休，但继续写舞剧。一生写有360多部剧本，作品占了目前歌舞伎库存剧目的半数。\n\n你好，请问河竹默阿弥是谁？", - "你好，Human！河竹默阿弥（1816-1893年）是日本的一位著名剧作家，原名吉村芳三郎（Yoshimura Yoshisaburo）。他在歌舞伎剧坛有着重要地位，擅长创作关于普通市民生活的「市民剧」和关于盗贼生活的「白浪物」剧。他的作品既有对历史剧的改编，强调史实的正确性，又有描绘明治时代初期社会现代化和西方化的新型市民剧。他的一生共创作了360多部剧本，占据了目前歌舞伎库存剧目的半数。" + "河竹默阿弥（1816-1893年）是日本的一位著名剧作家，原名吉村芳三郎（Yoshimura Yoshisaburo）。他在歌舞伎剧坛有着重要地位，擅长创作关于普通市民生活的「市民剧」和关于盗贼生活的「白浪物」剧。他的作品既有对历史剧的改编，强调史实的正确性，又有描绘明治时代初期社会现代化和西方化的新型市民剧。他的一生共创作了360多部剧本，占据了目前歌舞伎库存剧目的半数。" ], [ "他是从哪位大师那里学习的？", @@ -350387,7 +350387,7 @@ "history": [ [ "波旁内Bourbonnais法国中部历史文化区。罗马时代在凯撒治下是塞尔特高卢的一部分，后来在奥古斯都时成为亚奎丹尼亚的一部分。10世纪时，在波旁贵族统治下，逐渐成为独立的政治实体。最后传到路易手中，他在1327年被封为第一代波旁公爵，成为波旁王室的始祖。1527年波旁内归属法国王室。\n\n我最近在学习法国历史，看到了一个名为波旁内（Bourbonnais）的法国中部历史文化区，能给我简单介绍一下这个地区么？", - "你好，Human！波旁内是位于法国中部的一个历史文化区域。在罗马时代，其中在凯撒统治下是塞尔特高卢的一部分；后来在奥古斯都治下，波旁内成为了亚奎丹尼亚的一部分。进入10世纪，这个地区在波旁贵族的统治下逐渐成为了独立的政治实体。波旁王室的始祖是1327年被封为第一代波旁公爵的路易。最终在1527年，波旁内归属到了法国王室。这个地区承载了丰富的法国历史，对于了解法国历史文化非常有帮助。" + "波旁内是位于法国中部的一个历史文化区域。在罗马时代，其中在凯撒统治下是塞尔特高卢的一部分；后来在奥古斯都治下，波旁内成为了亚奎丹尼亚的一部分。进入10世纪，这个地区在波旁贵族的统治下逐渐成为了独立的政治实体。波旁王室的始祖是1327年被封为第一代波旁公爵的路易。最终在1527年，波旁内归属到了法国王室。这个地区承载了丰富的法国历史，对于了解法国历史文化非常有帮助。" ], [ "波旁王室的发展过程是怎样的？", @@ -350765,11 +350765,11 @@ { "instruction": "非常感谢你的帮助。现在我对功率有了更深入的了解。", "input": "", - "output": "你太客气了，Human！很高兴能帮助你了解关于功率的相关知识。如果你还有任何问题或需要帮助，请随时向我提问。祝你学习愉快！", + "output": "你太客气了！很高兴能帮助你了解关于功率的相关知识。如果你还有任何问题或需要帮助，请随时向我提问。祝你学习愉快！", "history": [ [ "功率power在科学与工程中，指做功或传递的能量与时间的比率。功率（P）可以表示为所做的功（W）或所传递的能量被时间间隔（t）来除：P=W / t。一定量的功可以由小功率的发动机在长时间内完成，也可以由一台大功率的发动机在短时间内完成。功率的单位是功（或能量）／每单位时间，如尺-磅／分、焦耳／秒（或瓦特），或尔格／秒。功率也可表示为移动一个物体所加的力（f）与物体在力的方向上的速率（v）的乘积：P=fv。亦请参阅horsepower。\n\n根据这段关于功率的信息，能帮我解释一下功率的定义和计算方式吗？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，功率（power）在科学与工程中是指做功或传递能量与时间的比率。我们可以用公式 P = W / t 表示功率，其中 P 代表功率，W 代表完成的功或传递的能量，t 代表时间间隔。换句话说，也就是能量的传递速率。" + "根据你提供的信息，功率（power）在科学与工程中是指做功或传递能量与时间的比率。我们可以用公式 P = W / t 表示功率，其中 P 代表功率，W 代表完成的功或传递的能量，t 代表时间间隔。换句话说，也就是能量的传递速率。" ], [ "能告诉我一些常见的功率单位吗？", @@ -351344,7 +351344,7 @@ "history": [ [ "熔毁meltdown核能反应器的连锁反应失控，产生大量的热能并放出辐射。反应器核心的连锁反应必须由吸收中子的控制棒与降低能量的减速剂小心谨慎地调节。若是核心过热，可能就会融化并放出大量的辐射。亦请参阅Chernobyl accident。\n\n我是Human，请告诉我熔毁（meltdown）这个词在核能反应器领域的意义。", - "您好，Human。在核能反应器领域，熔毁（meltdown）是指核反应堆的核心发生严重失控，导致温度迅速升高，进而使核心部分或全部融化。这种情况通常伴随着大量热能和辐射的释放。为了避免这种情况发生，我们需要维持核心内的连锁反应在一个可控范围内，通过利用吸收中子的控制棒和降低能量的减速剂进行调节。" + "在核能反应器领域，熔毁（meltdown）是指核反应堆的核心发生严重失控，导致温度迅速升高，进而使核心部分或全部融化。这种情况通常伴随着大量热能和辐射的释放。为了避免这种情况发生，我们需要维持核心内的连锁反应在一个可控范围内，通过利用吸收中子的控制棒和降低能量的减速剂进行调节。" ], [ "为什么控制棒和减速剂在控制连锁反应中如此重要？", @@ -351363,7 +351363,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电子学electronics物理学的一个分支，研究电子的发射、行为和效果，以及电子器件。电子学的研究是从电学实验开始的。1880年代爱迪生等人观察抽空的玻璃管中电极间的电流。后来佛来明（John A Fleming, 1849～1945）制造了一种二极真空管（vacuum tube），产生了一种有用的输出电流。1906年德福雷斯特（Lee De Forest）发明了三极检波管（Audion），接下来产生了重大的改变。1947年贝尔实验室（Bell Labs）发明了电晶体（transistor），因而促进电子元件朝小型化发展。到了1980年代中期诞生了高密度的微处理器（microprocessor），从而使计算机（电脑）科技和以计算机为基础的自动化系统取得惊人的进展。亦请参阅semiconductor、superconductivity。\n\n我想了解一下电子学的起源和发展，可以给我介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human。当然可以。电子学是物理学的一个分支，主要研究电子的发射、行为和效果，以及电子器件。电子学的研究始于19世纪80年代的电学实验。当时，爱迪生等人观察了抽空的玻璃管中电极间的电流。后来，John A Fleming制造了一种二极真空管，产生了有用的输出电流。1906年，Lee De Forest发明了三极检波管（Audion），这是电子学的一个重要发展。1947年，贝尔实验室发明了晶体管，促进了电子元件向小型化发展。到了1980年代中期，高密度的微处理器诞生，使计算机科技和基于计算机的自动化系统取得惊人的进步。" + "当然可以。电子学是物理学的一个分支，主要研究电子的发射、行为和效果，以及电子器件。电子学的研究始于19世纪80年代的电学实验。当时，爱迪生等人观察了抽空的玻璃管中电极间的电流。后来，John A Fleming制造了一种二极真空管，产生了有用的输出电流。1906年，Lee De Forest发明了三极检波管（Audion），这是电子学的一个重要发展。1947年，贝尔实验室发明了晶体管，促进了电子元件向小型化发展。到了1980年代中期，高密度的微处理器诞生，使计算机科技和基于计算机的自动化系统取得惊人的进步。" ], [ "那真空管和晶体管有什么区别呢？", @@ -351500,7 +351500,7 @@ "history": [ [ "门弗雷梅戈格湖Memphremagog, Lake横跨美加边境的湖泊，从美国佛蒙特州北部延伸到魁北克南部，长约43公里，最宽处仅15～3公里。拥有几个大湖湾，包括费区湾和萨尔金茨湾。该湖的北端流入圣法兰西斯河。其名称在阿尔冈昆语的意思是「一大片水域」。\n\n你好。请问门弗雷梅戈格湖（Lake Memphremagog）是一个怎样的湖泊？", - "你好，Human。门弗雷梅戈格湖是一个横跨美加边境的湖泊，从美国佛蒙特州北部延伸到加拿大魁北克省南部。湖泊长约43公里，最宽处在15至3公里之间。湖泊拥有几个大湖湾，包括费区湾和萨尔金茨湾。湖泊的北端流入圣法兰西斯河，而其名称在阿尔冈昆语中的意思是“一大片水域”。" + "门弗雷梅戈格湖是一个横跨美加边境的湖泊，从美国佛蒙特州北部延伸到加拿大魁北克省南部。湖泊长约43公里，最宽处在15至3公里之间。湖泊拥有几个大湖湾，包括费区湾和萨尔金茨湾。湖泊的北端流入圣法兰西斯河，而其名称在阿尔冈昆语中的意思是“一大片水域”。" ], [ "在阿尔冈昆语中，门弗雷梅戈格湖（Lake Memphremagog）是如何表达的？", @@ -351595,7 +351595,7 @@ "history": [ [ "恒河平原Gangetic Plain亦称印度河－恒河平原（Indo-Gangetic Plain）印度次大陆中北部的肥沃地区，从布拉马普得拉河谷地和恒河三角洲向西延伸至印度河谷地。包含了为南亚次大陆最富庶、人口最稠密地区。东部冬季少雨或干旱；夏季雨量很大，大片土地被水淹没。向西渐趋干燥，有塔尔沙漠。\n\n请问恒河平原是印度次大陆的哪个地区？", - "你好，Human！恒河平原，也称印度河－恒河平原，位于印度次大陆中北部。这个肥沃的地区从布拉马普得拉河谷地和恒河三角洲向西延伸至印度河谷地。它包含了南亚次大陆最富庶、人口最稠密的地区。" + "恒河平原，也称印度河－恒河平原，位于印度次大陆中北部。这个肥沃的地区从布拉马普得拉河谷地和恒河三角洲向西延伸至印度河谷地。它包含了南亚次大陆最富庶、人口最稠密的地区。" ], [ "那恒河平原的气候特点是什么？", @@ -352189,7 +352189,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿马尔菲Amalfi义大利南部城镇（1993年人口约5,600），邻萨莱诺湾（Gulf of Salerno）。6世纪中叶起被拜占庭掌控后稍显重要性，9世纪时为首批义大利沿海共和国之一。与东方进行海上贸易的实力可与热那亚、威尼斯（Venice）相匹敌。1131年被西西里的罗杰二世（Roger II）吞并，1135和1137年被比萨人（Pisa）洗掠，地位迅速下降，但它的航海法「阿马尔菲塔诺法典」（Tavola Amalfitano），在1570年以前一直是地中海区域所认可的法典。现为全国最重要的旅游胜地之一。\n\n我在阅读上面的信息后想了解一下阿马尔菲的历史，它在不同时期分别发挥了哪些作用？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，阿马尔菲是一个位于意大利南部的城镇，它在历史上经历了几个不同的时期。在6世纪中叶，阿马尔菲被拜占庭掌控，并开始显现出一定的重要性。到了9世纪，阿马尔菲成为了义大利沿海共和国之一，它的海上贸易实力与热那亚和威尼斯相媲美。然而，1131年阿马尔菲被西西里的罗杰二世吞并，接着在1135年和1137年遭到了比萨人的洗劫，导致其地位迅速下降。尽管如此，阿马尔菲航海法“阿马尔菲塔诺法典”在1570年之前仍被地中海地区所认可。现今，阿马尔菲是意大利最重要的旅游胜地之一。" + "根据提供的信息，阿马尔菲是一个位于意大利南部的城镇，它在历史上经历了几个不同的时期。在6世纪中叶，阿马尔菲被拜占庭掌控，并开始显现出一定的重要性。到了9世纪，阿马尔菲成为了义大利沿海共和国之一，它的海上贸易实力与热那亚和威尼斯相媲美。然而，1131年阿马尔菲被西西里的罗杰二世吞并，接着在1135年和1137年遭到了比萨人的洗劫，导致其地位迅速下降。尽管如此，阿马尔菲航海法“阿马尔菲塔诺法典”在1570年之前仍被地中海地区所认可。现今，阿马尔菲是意大利最重要的旅游胜地之一。" ], [ "那么，阿马尔菲塔诺法典具体是什么？", @@ -352444,7 +352444,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿门amen犹太教徒、基督教徒和穆斯林用语，在礼拜时表示同意或肯定。源自闪米特语（Semitic）的词根，意为「坚定」或「确实」。希腊文《旧约》（Old Testament）通常将「阿门」译作「诚心所愿」；在英文《圣经》中往往译为「实在的」或「真诚的」。到西元前4世纪时，「阿门」成为犹太寺庙礼拜仪式上对荣耀颂或其他祈祷的结束语。到西元2世纪，基督徒在圣餐仪式上采用此语，现在基督教礼拜仪式往往用「阿门」作为祈祷或赞美诗的总结和肯定。伊斯兰教虽不常用此语，但每次诵毕《可兰经》第一章后必念「阿门」。\n\n你好，请问阿门这个词是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！阿门是犹太教徒、基督教徒和穆斯林用语，在礼拜时表示同意或肯定。源自闪米特语的词根，意为「坚定」或「确实」。阿门这个词在不同的宗教仪式中用作结束语，表达信仰之人对于祈祷内容的真诚祝愿。" + "阿门是犹太教徒、基督教徒和穆斯林用语，在礼拜时表示同意或肯定。源自闪米特语的词根，意为「坚定」或「确实」。阿门这个词在不同的宗教仪式中用作结束语，表达信仰之人对于祈祷内容的真诚祝愿。" ], [ "这个词在各个宗教中的使用有什么相似和不同之处？", @@ -352835,7 +352835,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海得拉巴Hyderabad旧称Haidarabad或尼札姆自治领（Nizam's Dominion）。前印度中南部土邦。原为戈尔孔达（Golconda）古王国的一部分，1687年成为蒙兀儿帝国的一部分。1724年尼札姆穆尔克建立独立的海得拉巴王国，1798年该王国被置于英国的保护之下，虽然尼札姆王朝仍继续统治这个国家。1947年印巴分治时，尼查姆王朝试图维持自己的独立地位，但在翌年被印度占领，并取得控制权。该地区现在分属于安得拉邦、卡纳塔克邦和马哈拉施特拉邦。\n\n请问海得拉巴的历史背景有哪些重要事件？", - "你好Human, 从上述信息来看，海得拉巴主要有以下几个重要历史事件：\n1. 海得拉巴曾是戈尔孔达（Golconda）古王国的一部分。\n2. 在1687年，海得拉巴成为蒙兀儿帝国的一部分。\n3. 在1724年尼札姆穆尔克建立了独立的海得拉巴王国。\n4. 1798年，海得拉巴王国被置于英国的保护之下，尼札姆王朝仍继续统治这个国家。\n5. 1947年印巴分治时，尼查姆王朝试图维持独立地位，但在1948年被印度占领并取得控制权。\n\n以上这些事件展示了海得拉巴的历史变迁和地域统治者的变更。从最初的戈尔孔达古王国，蒙兀儿帝国，海得拉巴王国，英国保护到最后并入印度，海得拉巴历经多次转变。这些事件对海得拉巴的历史和文化都有深远的影响。" + "从上述信息来看，海得拉巴主要有以下几个重要历史事件：\n1. 海得拉巴曾是戈尔孔达（Golconda）古王国的一部分。\n2. 在1687年，海得拉巴成为蒙兀儿帝国的一部分。\n3. 在1724年尼札姆穆尔克建立了独立的海得拉巴王国。\n4. 1798年，海得拉巴王国被置于英国的保护之下，尼札姆王朝仍继续统治这个国家。\n5. 1947年印巴分治时，尼查姆王朝试图维持独立地位，但在1948年被印度占领并取得控制权。\n\n以上这些事件展示了海得拉巴的历史变迁和地域统治者的变更。从最初的戈尔孔达古王国，蒙兀儿帝国，海得拉巴王国，英国保护到最后并入印度，海得拉巴历经多次转变。这些事件对海得拉巴的历史和文化都有深远的影响。" ], [ "海得拉巴的地理位置如何？", @@ -353274,7 +353274,7 @@ "history": [ [ "非洲水羚waterbuck偶蹄目牛科动物，学名为Kobus ellipsiprymnus。生长于非洲撒哈拉以南的平原、林地、沼泽和冲积平原，群栖于近水处。肩高约150公分。雄性具有长而多脊的角，角向后然后向上弯曲。被毛蓬松粗糙。臀部有白色环形斑。\n\n你好。我最近在了解非洲动物，刚刚读到一篇关于\"非洲水羚\"的文章，能简单介绍下这种动物的特点吗？", - "你好，Human，很高兴为你提供关于非洲水羚的信息。非洲水羚（学名：Kobus ellipsiprymnus）是一种生活在非洲撒哈拉以南地区的偶蹄目牛科动物。它们通常生活在平原、林地、沼泽和冲积平原等环境。非洲水羚群栖于靠近水源的地方。成年非洲水羚的肩高约为150厘米。雄性非洲水羚具有长而多脊的角，这些角向后并向上弯曲。非洲水羚的被毛质地蓬松粗糙，臀部有白色环形斑。" + "很高兴为你提供关于非洲水羚的信息。非洲水羚（学名：Kobus ellipsiprymnus）是一种生活在非洲撒哈拉以南地区的偶蹄目牛科动物。它们通常生活在平原、林地、沼泽和冲积平原等环境。非洲水羚群栖于靠近水源的地方。成年非洲水羚的肩高约为150厘米。雄性非洲水羚具有长而多脊的角，这些角向后并向上弯曲。非洲水羚的被毛质地蓬松粗糙，臀部有白色环形斑。" ], [ "非洲水羚主要是以什么为食的呢？", @@ -353316,7 +353316,7 @@ "history": [ [ "压强pressure单位面积上的垂直作用力，或容器中某点处的应力。一个固体作用在地面的压强等于它的重量除以接触面积。地球上大气的重量形成大气压力，大气压各处不同，但总是随高度而减小。容器内气体所作用的压强是气体分子大量地、连续不断地作用在容器壁上的力的平均效果。流体的静压强是一种应力或压力，作用在容器中流体各点的所有方向上。岩体静压是地壳内部岩体受周围岩石施加的应力，随地表下深度的增加而增加。压强的国际单位是帕斯卡（Pa），等于每平方公尺上1牛顿的力。\n\n我想请教你一些关于压强的问题，你可以帮助我吗？", - "你好Human, 当然可以！请随时告诉我你的问题，我会根据我所了解的关于压强的信息来帮助你解答。" + "当然可以！请随时告诉我你的问题，我会根据我所了解的关于压强的信息来帮助你解答。" ], [ "首先，我想知道压强的定义是什么？", @@ -353439,7 +353439,7 @@ "history": [ [ "禁运法Embargo Act美国国会1807年批准的法案，针对船运出口物资关闭所有美国港口，并限制从英国进口商品。这是杰佛逊总统针对英法两国在拿破仑战争期间骚扰中立的美国商船所采取的抵制手段。法案使美国农民和新英格兰的商家及出口商蒙受损失，而对欧洲的影响则很小（参阅Hartford Convention）。在强大的舆论压力下，杰佛逊终于在1809年解除禁运，但英国骚扰美国船只的事件依然频传，最后导致1812年战争。\n\n你好，请问一下1807年的禁运法是由谁提出的，背后的动机是什么？", - "你好，Human！禁运法Embargo Act是由美国总统托马斯·杰斐逊提出的。背后的动机是在拿破仑战争期间，英法两国频繁骚扰和侵犯中立的美国商船。为了保护美国的国家利益和中立地位，杰佛逊总统提出了关闭美国港口、禁止出口物资及限制从英国进口商品的措施。" + "禁运法Embargo Act是由美国总统托马斯·杰斐逊提出的。背后的动机是在拿破仑战争期间，英法两国频繁骚扰和侵犯中立的美国商船。为了保护美国的国家利益和中立地位，杰佛逊总统提出了关闭美国港口、禁止出口物资及限制从英国进口商品的措施。" ], [ "禁运法有哪些具体影响呢？", @@ -353458,7 +353458,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鋂americium周期表IIIb族锕系人工合成化学元素，原子序数95。1944年末，在核反应器中由钸－239（plutonium-239）合成出鋂－241同位素。它是第四个被发现的超铀元素。从鋂－241（americium-241）同位素已制备出以公斤计的鋂，并在一些仪表中已利用了鋂的γ射线。最常见的是家庭使用的测烟装置。\n\n我想了解一下鋂这个化学元素。这是一种什么样的元素？", - "你好，Human。鋂（americium）属于周期表IIIb族锕系的人工合成化学元素，原子序数为95。它于1944年末首次被合成，在核反应器中通过钸-239（plutonium-239）产生出鋂-241同位素。鋂是第四个被发现的超铀元素。" + "鋂（americium）属于周期表IIIb族锕系的人工合成化学元素，原子序数为95。它于1944年末首次被合成，在核反应器中通过钸-239（plutonium-239）产生出鋂-241同位素。鋂是第四个被发现的超铀元素。" ], [ "那么鋂的同位素有哪些？", @@ -353724,7 +353724,7 @@ "history": [ [ "坦帕Tampa美国佛罗里达州中西部城市，位于坦帕湾东北端。1824年美国军队在此建立布鲁克堡以监视塞米诺尔人印第安人的举动。1855年设镇。1886年该镇第一家雪茄工厂建立后，发展为一个制造雪茄中心。现有多种工业，也是一个销售中心。这里还是冬季旅游和钓鱼的胜地，是主要的旅游中心；另有布希花园等景点。人口约285,000（1996）。\n\n你好，我想了解这个坦帕市的一些情况，首先它位于美国佛罗里达州的哪个位置？", - "你好，Human！坦帕市位于美国佛罗里达州中西部，具体来说，它位于坦帕湾的东北端。这个位置使得坦帕市成为了一个重要的旅游和钓鱼胜地。如果你有兴趣去佛罗里达州游玩，这里是一个不错的选择。" + "坦帕市位于美国佛罗里达州中西部，具体来说，它位于坦帕湾的东北端。这个位置使得坦帕市成为了一个重要的旅游和钓鱼胜地。如果你有兴趣去佛罗里达州游玩，这里是一个不错的选择。" ], [ "坦帕市的历史沿革如何？", @@ -353808,7 +353808,7 @@ "history": [ [ "席维斯史特龙1946年～Stallone, (Michael) Sylvester美国电影演员。生于纽约市，在1970年开始演出电影，包括《狂野少年》（The Lords of Flatbush, 1974）与《复仇计画》（Capone, 1975）。他撰写并演出意外卖座的《洛基》（Rocky, 1976），因饰演费城一位成为冠军的拳击手而立即成名。他参与撰写并演出其四部续集（1979、1982、1985、1990）以及一系列的动作片，并在《第一滴血》（First Blood, 1982）中塑造了蓝波（Rambo）。其他的电影有《绝岭雄风》（Cliffhanger, 1993）与《警察帝国》（Cop Land, 1997）。\n\n你好，请问席维斯史特龙是什么时候开始演出电影的？", - "你好，Human！席维斯史特龙（Sylvester Stallone）于1970年开始演出电影。他是一位知名的美国电影演员，取得了很多成就。如果你还需要了解更多关于他的信息，请随时告诉我。" + "席维斯史特龙（Sylvester Stallone）于1970年开始演出电影。他是一位知名的美国电影演员，取得了很多成就。如果你还需要了解更多关于他的信息，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "他最早期的知名作品有哪些？", @@ -353945,7 +353945,7 @@ "history": [ [ "爱尔兰曲棍球hurling爱尔兰的一种娱乐活动，类似曲棍球和曲棍网球，每队各15人。西元前13世纪的爱尔兰手稿上即曾提到这种活动。所用球棍圆锥形、稍微有点弯曲，顶端有一杯形击板，称作hurley。球从对方球门横梁上方通过记1分，从横梁下方通过记3分。为爱尔兰民间业余活动。\n\n我想了解一下爱尔兰曲棍球，可以给我简要介绍一下这个运动吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。爱尔兰曲棍球（Hurling）是爱尔兰的一种传统娱乐活动，可以追溯到西元前13世纪。它类似于曲棍球和曲棍网球，每队各有15名队员。比赛中使用的球棍名为hurley，它呈圆锥形并带有一点弯曲，顶端有一个杯形击板。在比赛中，球从对方球门横梁上方通过记1分，从横梁下方通过记3分。这项运动主要在爱尔兰民间流行，属于业余活动。" + "当然可以。爱尔兰曲棍球（Hurling）是爱尔兰的一种传统娱乐活动，可以追溯到西元前13世纪。它类似于曲棍球和曲棍网球，每队各有15名队员。比赛中使用的球棍名为hurley，它呈圆锥形并带有一点弯曲，顶端有一个杯形击板。在比赛中，球从对方球门横梁上方通过记1分，从横梁下方通过记3分。这项运动主要在爱尔兰民间流行，属于业余活动。" ], [ "哇，听起来很有趣。那么爱尔兰曲棍球的比赛规则是怎样的？", @@ -354143,7 +354143,7 @@ "history": [ [ "达尔文主义Darwinism达尔文提出的关于演化（evolution）机制的生物学学说，用以解释机体变化的原因。其表达了达尔文对演化如何进行的特殊观点。达尔文发展了演化的概念，其在本质上是由下述三种因素互相作用而发生的︰一、变异，普遍存在于一切生物中；二、遗传，使相似的机体形态代代相传；三、生存竞争，决定能适应一定环境的变异，从而透过选择性繁殖来改变生物体。现在的遗传学基础知识帮助科学家理解在达尔文的理念背后的结构，形成所谓的新达尔文主义。\n\n我想知道达尔文主义是什么？", - "你好Human，达尔文主义是一种关于生物演化机制的学说，它旨在解释生物体变化的原因。达尔文主义是查尔斯·达尔文提出的，他认为演化是由三个因素互相作用而发生的，这三个因素是：变异、遗传和生存竞争。变异是指生物体中普遍存在的差异；遗传使得相似的生物体形态可以代代相传；生存竞争决定了适应环境的变异，从而通过选择性繁殖来改变生物体。现代遗传学基础知识帮助科学家理解达尔文理念背后的结构，形成了新达尔文主义。" + "达尔文主义是一种关于生物演化机制的学说，它旨在解释生物体变化的原因。达尔文主义是查尔斯·达尔文提出的，他认为演化是由三个因素互相作用而发生的，这三个因素是：变异、遗传和生存竞争。变异是指生物体中普遍存在的差异；遗传使得相似的生物体形态可以代代相传；生存竞争决定了适应环境的变异，从而通过选择性繁殖来改变生物体。现代遗传学基础知识帮助科学家理解达尔文理念背后的结构，形成了新达尔文主义。" ], [ "那么，在达尔文主义下，生存竞争是如何影响物种演化的？", @@ -354334,7 +354334,7 @@ "history": [ [ "韦斯特1860～1938年Wister, Owen美国小说家。自1885年在西部度过夏天。律师开业两年后，投入写作生涯。他的小说《维吉尼亚人》（1902）写一个大牧场领班牛仔的故事，把牛仔塑造为美国民间英雄和常见的小说人物。另一部重要作品《罗斯福》（1930）详尽叙述了他和哈佛时的同班同学罗斯福的长期友谊。\n\n请问韦斯特是哪个国家的作家？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，韦斯特（Owen Wister）是一位美国小说家，活跃于1860到1938年。" + "根据提供的信息，韦斯特（Owen Wister）是一位美国小说家，活跃于1860到1938年。" ], [ "他在哪个时期开始从事写作？之前从事过什么职业？", @@ -354380,7 +354380,7 @@ "history": [ [ "旧艺术Ars Antiqua（拉丁语意为「旧的艺术」〔the Old Art〕）13世纪的一种怀旧的音乐风格，与14世纪的音乐风格（新艺术〔Ars Nova〕）迥异，开始于圣母院乐派。旧艺术的一部分特色是使用六个节拍模式，在每一段音乐中将重覆一种节拍模式，如长短（第一个模式）或是短长（第二个模式）。类似于诗歌的「韵脚」（参阅prosody），相关的长短音长取决于调式。该系统在作曲家开始使用短音部分后瓦解。旧艺术的音乐题材包括奥加农（organum）和早期的经文歌。\n\n请你简单介绍一下什么是旧艺术Ars Antiqua这种音乐风格吧。", - "你好，Human！旧艺术Ars Antiqua是13世纪出现的一种古典音乐风格，意为“旧的艺术”。它起源于圣母院乐派，与14世纪的音乐风格Ars Nova（新艺术）有很大不同。旧艺术的一些特点包括使用六个节拍模式，并在每段音乐中重复一种节拍模式。这种模式与诗歌的韵脚有些类似，相关的长短音长取决于调式。旧艺术的音乐题材主要包括奥加农和早期经文歌。" + "旧艺术Ars Antiqua是13世纪出现的一种古典音乐风格，意为“旧的艺术”。它起源于圣母院乐派，与14世纪的音乐风格Ars Nova（新艺术）有很大不同。旧艺术的一些特点包括使用六个节拍模式，并在每段音乐中重复一种节拍模式。这种模式与诗歌的韵脚有些类似，相关的长短音长取决于调式。旧艺术的音乐题材主要包括奥加农和早期经文歌。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释！能否解释一下旧艺术中的这六个节拍模式是如何运用在音乐中的？", @@ -354403,7 +354403,7 @@ "history": [ [ "清朝1644～1911/1912年Qing dynasty亦拼作Ch'ing dynasty，或称为Manchu dynasty中国最后一个帝制皇朝。西元1636年满族首度以「清」为国号在满洲建立王朝，而后当满洲人统治中国时，继续沿用这个国号。清朝期间，中国的领土大幅扩张，人口也大为提高。文化态度则极为保守，新儒学仍是居于主导地位的思想。艺术蓬勃发展：文人画广为流行，以白话书写的小说有相当大的进展；京戏也有所发展。清朝的瓷器、纺织品、茶叶、纸、糖和钢铁外销至世界各地。十八世纪后期的军事战役耗尽政府的财政收入，贪污贿赂层出不穷。上述的情况，再加上人口压力以及自然灾害，导致太平天国之乱和捻乱。这些动乱最后使清朝更为衰弱，以致于无力制止外国强权在十九世纪后期的勒索。清朝结束于1911年的共和革命，末代皇帝于1912年退位。\n\n请问清朝是什么时候建立的？", - "你好，Human！清朝最初是在西元1636年由满族在满洲地区建立的。满族首度以“清”为国号，成立了清朝。当满洲人征服中国后，他们继续沿用这个国号。所以，清朝的建立可以追溯到1636年。" + "清朝最初是在西元1636年由满族在满洲地区建立的。满族首度以“清”为国号，成立了清朝。当满洲人征服中国后，他们继续沿用这个国号。所以，清朝的建立可以追溯到1636年。" ], [ "清朝的领土和人口状况如何？", @@ -355074,7 +355074,7 @@ "history": [ [ "米高梅影片公司MGM全名Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc美国企业和电影制片厂。1920年电影院老板与发行人洛伊（M Loew）买进米特罗影片公司，该企业即告成立，1924年与高德温制片公司合并，1925年加进梅耶影片公司。梅耶担任行政主管达二十五年之久，聘有制片经理索尔伯格协助他。1930年代和1940年代为其颠峰时期，旗下几乎签了所有好莱坞的银幕红星。所拍摄的热门影片包括《大饭店》（1932）、《大地》（1937）、《费城故事》（1940）、《煤气灯下》（1944）、《柏油森林》（1950）、《宾汉》（1926～1927,1959）、《齐瓦哥医生》（1965）、《2001太空漫游》（1968）等。米高梅公司尤以拍摄豪华大场面的音乐歌舞片着称，包括《绿野仙踪》（1939）、《复活节游行》（1948）、《锦城春色》（1949）、《花都舞影》（1951）、《万花嬉春》（1952）、《金粉世界》（1958）。1950年代公司开始走下坡，1970年代卖掉许多资产，并开始兼营旅馆和赌场等多角化经营，后来并入联美公司，改称MGM/UA Entertainment。1986年为特纳所收购，他再卖掉一些制片和发片单位。由于各种股权的交易转让导致1992年被里昂信贷银行收购，它恢复了米高梅影片公司原名。后来又卖给了特瑞新达企业（Tracinda Corp）。\n\n你好，请问你能向我介绍一下米高梅影片公司（MGM）的成立过程和发展历程吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以，以下是米高梅影片公司的成立和发展历程概述：\n\n1. 1920年：电影院老板与发行人洛伊（M Loew）买进米特罗影片公司，米高梅影片公司成立。\n2. 1924年：与高德温制片公司合并。\n3. 1925年：加入梅耶影片公司，梅耶担任行政主管，共计25年。聘请制片经理索尔伯格协助。\n4. 1930年代和1940年代：达到顶峰，签约很多好莱坞著名演员，制作了诸如《大饭店》、《大地》、《费城故事》等著名影片。\n5. 尤其擅长拍摄豪华大场面的音乐歌舞片，例如《绿野仙踪》、《复活节游行》等。\n6. 1950年代：开始走下坡。\n7. 1970年代：出售部分资产，转向酒店和赌场等多角化经营，加入联美公司，改名为MGM/UA Entertainment。\n8. 1986年：被特纳收购，出售部分制片和发片单位。\n9. 1992年：被里昂信贷银行收购，恢复米高梅影片公司原名。\n10. 后来又被特瑞新达企业（Tracinda Corp）收购。\n\n这是米高梅影片公司的简要发展历程。如果您有其他问题，请随时提问。" + "当然可以，以下是米高梅影片公司的成立和发展历程概述：\n\n1. 1920年：电影院老板与发行人洛伊（M Loew）买进米特罗影片公司，米高梅影片公司成立。\n2. 1924年：与高德温制片公司合并。\n3. 1925年：加入梅耶影片公司，梅耶担任行政主管，共计25年。聘请制片经理索尔伯格协助。\n4. 1930年代和1940年代：达到顶峰，签约很多好莱坞著名演员，制作了诸如《大饭店》、《大地》、《费城故事》等著名影片。\n5. 尤其擅长拍摄豪华大场面的音乐歌舞片，例如《绿野仙踪》、《复活节游行》等。\n6. 1950年代：开始走下坡。\n7. 1970年代：出售部分资产，转向酒店和赌场等多角化经营，加入联美公司，改名为MGM/UA Entertainment。\n8. 1986年：被特纳收购，出售部分制片和发片单位。\n9. 1992年：被里昂信贷银行收购，恢复米高梅影片公司原名。\n10. 后来又被特瑞新达企业（Tracinda Corp）收购。\n\n这是米高梅影片公司的简要发展历程。如果您有其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释，那能否再介绍一下米高梅公司拍摄的一些著名影片？", @@ -355375,7 +355375,7 @@ "history": [ [ "塞多留前123?～西元前72年Sertorius, Quintus罗马政治人物和军事将领。西元前80～西元前72年统治着西班牙的大部分地区。曾在同盟者战争中任军队指挥，在马略（G Marius）与苏拉的战争中，他帮助前者夺取了罗马（西元前87～西元前86年）。西元前83年被派往西班牙担任行政长官。后由于苏拉的追捕而逃到茅利塔尼亚，后来又推翻了苏拉在外西班牙的统治。到西元前77年终于成为西班牙大部分地区的统治者。当庞培和梅特卢斯庇护（Metellus Pius）赶来镇压暴乱时，他巧妙地将他们控制在海湾，等到海潮变得对他有利。在军队士气下落后，他被将领们设计谋杀。\n\n你好，请问一下，Quintus Sertorius是什么时期的人物？", - "你好，Human！Quintus Sertorius是一个罗马政治家和军事将领，他活跃在公元前123年至公元前72年。 当时，他统治了西班牙的大部分地区。" + "Quintus Sertorius是一个罗马政治家和军事将领，他活跃在公元前123年至公元前72年。 当时，他统治了西班牙的大部分地区。" ], [ "请告诉我Quintus Sertorius在同盟者战争中的角色是什么？", @@ -356127,7 +356127,7 @@ "history": [ [ "熊bear熊科大型食肉动物。是食肉目动物中演化最晚的。分布于欧洲、亚洲、美洲和北非洲。与狗和浣熊近缘，大多数都能爬树并擅长游泳。熊通常为杂食性，但偏爱的食物很不相同（从完全肉食性、以海豹为食的北极熊，到大部分以草为食的眼镜熊都有）。熊断断续续睡过大部分冬天，但这只是长期蛰伏，并非真正的冬眠。野生时能活十五～三十年，圈养时则寿命长得多。\n\n你好，请告诉我关于熊的一些基本信息，可以吗？", - "你好，Human，我非常乐意为你解答关于熊的问题。熊属于食肉目动物，是演化最晚的一类。它们主要分布于欧洲、亚洲、美洲和北非洲。与狗和浣熊有着近缘关系。熊通常是杂食性动物，但它们的喜好也各不相同，从完全肉食的北极熊到草食为主的眼镜熊都有。它们会断断续续地休眠过冬，但这并非真正的冬眠。野生时，它们的寿命通常在15至30年之间，但圈养时的寿命会更长。" + "我非常乐意为你解答关于熊的问题。熊属于食肉目动物，是演化最晚的一类。它们主要分布于欧洲、亚洲、美洲和北非洲。与狗和浣熊有着近缘关系。熊通常是杂食性动物，但它们的喜好也各不相同，从完全肉食的北极熊到草食为主的眼镜熊都有。它们会断断续续地休眠过冬，但这并非真正的冬眠。野生时，它们的寿命通常在15至30年之间，但圈养时的寿命会更长。" ], [ "熊的食物是什么？它们为什么在冬天断断续续地休眠？", @@ -356203,7 +356203,7 @@ "history": [ [ "都德1840～1897年Daudet, Alphonse法国小说家。十四岁就写出第一部小说，后因父母丧失全部赀财而中断学业，到一位公爵家当秘书。后来应征入伍，但在1871年巴黎公社（Paris Commune）实行恐怖统治时逃离巴黎。他的健康受早年贫困和以后性病的影响而开始恶化，性病最终夺去了他的生命。他的作品主要以其富于幽默感和描绘法国南方风土人物的人情味而为人所难忘，这些特质都是受其丰富的社交生活经验而启发的。众多作品包括故事集《月曜日的故事》（Monday Tales, 1873）、剧作《阿莱城的姑娘》（L'Arlésienne, 1872）、《萨福》（Sappho, 1884），以及多卷回忆录。他的儿子里昂（Léon Daudet, 1867～1942）与摩拉斯（Charles Maurras）合编了反动派的《法国行动报》（L'Action Fran?aise），他也是个喜欢针对医学、心理学和公共事务作恶意讽刺和品头论足的人。\n\n你好，请问你对阿尔方斯·都德（Alphonse Daudet）了解多少？", - "你好，Human。阿尔方斯·都德（Alphonse Daudet）是一位法国著名小说家，他的创作生涯跨越了1840年至1897年。都德自幼便展现出写作天赋，十四岁便完成了第一部小说。后来因为家庭财产损失而中断学业，并曾在一位公爵家担任秘书。他的人生经历丰富多彩，曾经应征入伍并在1871年巴黎公社（Paris Commune）期间逃离巴黎。不幸的是，他在早年的贫困生活及后来患性病的影响下，健康逐渐恶化，最终因性病而去世。阿尔方斯·都德的作品以幽默感和对法国南方风土人情的独特描绘为特点，受到广泛赞誉。他的代表作品包括故事集《月曜日的故事》（Monday Tales, 1873）、剧作《阿莱城的姑娘》（L'Arlésienne, 1872）、《萨福》（Sappho, 1884）等。" + "阿尔方斯·都德（Alphonse Daudet）是一位法国著名小说家，他的创作生涯跨越了1840年至1897年。都德自幼便展现出写作天赋，十四岁便完成了第一部小说。后来因为家庭财产损失而中断学业，并曾在一位公爵家担任秘书。他的人生经历丰富多彩，曾经应征入伍并在1871年巴黎公社（Paris Commune）期间逃离巴黎。不幸的是，他在早年的贫困生活及后来患性病的影响下，健康逐渐恶化，最终因性病而去世。阿尔方斯·都德的作品以幽默感和对法国南方风土人情的独特描绘为特点，受到广泛赞誉。他的代表作品包括故事集《月曜日的故事》（Monday Tales, 1873）、剧作《阿莱城的姑娘》（L'Arlésienne, 1872）、《萨福》（Sappho, 1884）等。" ] ] }, @@ -356313,7 +356313,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赫卡通皮洛斯Hecatompylos伊朗呼罗珊西部古城。曾是安息王国的国都，位于东部厄尔布尔士山脉的南麓。约西元前300年是塞琉西王国的军事前哨。到了西元前200年左右，成为伊朗阿萨息斯王朝的都城。已知曾位于近东与中国之间的「丝绸之路」上，可能位于伊朗城市达姆甘和沙赫鲁德之间，但确切地点已无从查考。\n\n关于赫卡通皮洛斯这一古城，能否简单介绍一下其历史地位和主要特征？", - "你好，Human！赫卡通皮洛斯（Hecatompylos）是位于伊朗呼罗珊西部的一座古城。它大约在公元前300年时期曾是塞琉西王国的军事前哨。后来在公元前200年左右，这座城市成为了伊朗阿萨息斯王朝的都城。此外，赫卡通皮洛斯还位于丝绸之路上，这是一条重要的贸易路线，连接了古代的近东和中国。虽然现在我们已经无法确定赫卡通皮洛斯的确切地点，但推测它可能位于伊朗的达姆甘和沙赫鲁德两座城市之间。总的来说，赫卡通皮洛斯在古代有着举足轻重的地位，承担着军事、政治和贸易方面的重任。" + "赫卡通皮洛斯（Hecatompylos）是位于伊朗呼罗珊西部的一座古城。它大约在公元前300年时期曾是塞琉西王国的军事前哨。后来在公元前200年左右，这座城市成为了伊朗阿萨息斯王朝的都城。此外，赫卡通皮洛斯还位于丝绸之路上，这是一条重要的贸易路线，连接了古代的近东和中国。虽然现在我们已经无法确定赫卡通皮洛斯的确切地点，但推测它可能位于伊朗的达姆甘和沙赫鲁德两座城市之间。总的来说，赫卡通皮洛斯在古代有着举足轻重的地位，承担着军事、政治和贸易方面的重任。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么作为安息王国的国都，阿萨息斯王朝在当时有什么显著的政策或者成就？", @@ -357286,11 +357286,11 @@ { "instruction": "非常感谢你的建议！如果遇到问题，我还会来请教你。再见！", "input": "", - "output": "再见，Human！如果有任何问题，请随时向我寻求帮助。祝你创意无限，设计出一个出色的沙发！", + "output": "再见！如果有任何问题，请随时向我寻求帮助。祝你创意无限，设计出一个出色的沙发！", "history": [ [ "抛物线parabola开放曲线，一种圆锥曲线。直立圆锥体与平行于圆锥边缘的平面交叉所得到的曲线。亦是点与固定的线（准线）的距离等于点与定点（焦点）的距离所绘出的轨迹。解析几何上，抛物线方程式是y = ax2 + bx + c（二阶多项式函数）。这种曲线的特性是平行其对称轴的直线反射之后会通过其焦点，反之亦然。绕着轴转动抛物线产生的面（抛物面）具有相同的反射特性，使其成为卫星碟和汽车大灯反射镜的理想形状。抛射物的路径就是自然产生的抛物线。这个形状也可见于桥梁和拱门的设计上。\n\n请问抛物线是什么？", - "你好，Human！抛物线是一种圆锥曲线，它来源于直立圆锥体与平行于圆锥边缘的平面相交所出现的曲线。抛物线具有一个独特的性质，即点与固定的线（准线）的距离等于点与定点（焦点）的距离。在解析几何上，一个典型的抛物线方程可以表示为y = ax² + bx + c，这是一个二阶多项式函数。因为其具有特殊的反射特性，抛物线被广泛应用于卫星碟、汽车大灯反射镜、桥梁和拱门等设计中。" + "抛物线是一种圆锥曲线，它来源于直立圆锥体与平行于圆锥边缘的平面相交所出现的曲线。抛物线具有一个独特的性质，即点与固定的线（准线）的距离等于点与定点（焦点）的距离。在解析几何上，一个典型的抛物线方程可以表示为y = ax² + bx + c，这是一个二阶多项式函数。因为其具有特殊的反射特性，抛物线被广泛应用于卫星碟、汽车大灯反射镜、桥梁和拱门等设计中。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么，为什么抛物线具有反射特性呢？", @@ -357332,7 +357332,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿文河畔斯特拉福Stratford-upon-Avon英国中部瓦立克郡城镇，临阿文河。该城第一个特许状颁发于1553年，曾在几百年间作为一个集贸城镇存在，后因是莎士比亚诞生和去世的地方而成为旅游胜地，其墓地在圣三一堂区教堂中。当地的莎士比亚中心包括了图书馆、艺术画廊（1881年开放）和剧院（1923年开放）。每年3～10月皇家莎士比亚剧院都会演出莎士比亚的剧作。人口约28,000（1995）。\n\n请问阿文河畔斯特拉福是莎士比亚的故乡吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，阿文河畔斯特拉福（Stratford-upon-Avon）位于英国中部瓦立克郡，是莎士比亚的诞生地和去世的地方。这座城镇因此成为了一个著名的旅游胜地，吸引了全球各地的游客前来参观。" + "是的，阿文河畔斯特拉福（Stratford-upon-Avon）位于英国中部瓦立克郡，是莎士比亚的诞生地和去世的地方。这座城镇因此成为了一个著名的旅游胜地，吸引了全球各地的游客前来参观。" ], [ "能介绍一下莎士比亚中心吗？", @@ -357817,7 +357817,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯凯勒西村条约1833年Unkiar Skelessi, Treaty of鄂图曼帝国和俄国在伊斯坦堡附近的伊斯凯勒西村（Hunkar Iskeilesi）签订的盟约，为了回报俄国的军事协助，鄂图曼苏丹马哈茂德二世遂与俄国签订此项和平友好条约。其中有一个秘密条款是︰除俄国军舰外，鄂图曼不得允许任何外国军舰进入达达尼尔海峡。此约使鄂图曼帝国实际上成为俄国的保护国，并引起其他国家的猜忌。俄国于1841年放弃了对达达尼尔海峡的特权。\n\n请问1833年的Unkiar Skelessi（斯凯勒西村条约）是在哪里签订的？", - "你好，Human。1833年的Unkiar Skelessi（斯凯勒西村条约）是在伊斯坦堡附近的伊斯凯勒西村（Hunkar Iskeilesi）签订的。这是一份鄂图曼帝国和俄国之间的盟约，背景是鄂图曼帝国为了回报俄罗斯给予的军事援助而与俄国签署的和平友好条约。签署地的选址也是为了体现两国之间紧密的友好关系。" + "1833年的Unkiar Skelessi（斯凯勒西村条约）是在伊斯坦堡附近的伊斯凯勒西村（Hunkar Iskeilesi）签订的。这是一份鄂图曼帝国和俄国之间的盟约，背景是鄂图曼帝国为了回报俄罗斯给予的军事援助而与俄国签署的和平友好条约。签署地的选址也是为了体现两国之间紧密的友好关系。" ], [ "这个条约有什么秘密条款呢？", @@ -358061,7 +358061,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯皮尔曼1863～1945年Spearman, Charles E(dward)英国心理学家，以其在人类脑力尤其是智力方面的研究闻名。其中最着名的是他所提出的统计学的技术方法（因素分析），用于在心理学测试中测定个体差异和确认造成这些差异的潜在根源。着作有《人的能力》（1927）、《创造性的头脑》（1931）和《人类的能力》（1950）。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我斯皮尔曼是哪国人吗？", - "你好，Human！斯皮尔曼（Charles Edward Spearman）是英国心理学家。他主要以在人类脑力尤其是智力方面的研究而闻名。如有其他问题，请随时告诉我！" + "斯皮尔曼（Charles Edward Spearman）是英国心理学家。他主要以在人类脑力尤其是智力方面的研究而闻名。如有其他问题，请随时告诉我！" ], [ "谢谢。那么，斯皮尔曼在心理学方面有什么重要的贡献呢？", @@ -358084,7 +358084,7 @@ "history": [ [ "胶合板plywood用三层或多层的木材薄片胶结在一起制成的复合板材。相邻两层纹理互相垂直。与其他胶合木制品相似，胶合板以其坚固和廉价成为硬木的替代品。它被广泛应用于家具板材（箱、柜、衣橱和桌子）和房屋建造（墙体、天花板、底层地板、门板和水泥模板）。\n\n请问根据刚刚给出的信息，胶合板是如何制作出来的？", - "你好，Human！胶合板是通过将三层或多层木材薄片胶结在一起制成的复合板材。在这个过程中，相邻两层木材薄片的纹理会被安排成垂直排列。这样的排列方式能够增加胶合板的强度和稳定性，因为它能够确保木材的收缩和膨胀在多个方向上分散，进而减小变形的可能性。" + "胶合板是通过将三层或多层木材薄片胶结在一起制成的复合板材。在这个过程中，相邻两层木材薄片的纹理会被安排成垂直排列。这样的排列方式能够增加胶合板的强度和稳定性，因为它能够确保木材的收缩和膨胀在多个方向上分散，进而减小变形的可能性。" ], [ "胶合板有什么特点，让它可以成为硬木的替代品？", @@ -358126,7 +358126,7 @@ "history": [ [ "达尔马提亚狗dalmatian亦称大麦町。以亚得里亚海岸达尔马提亚（Dalmatia）地区而得名的狗品种，已知最早见于达尔马提亚。此一品种原产于何时何地并不清楚。用于放哨、军事、消防、狩猎、牧羊和表演马戏；不过最知名的用途是拖车犬，伴行于马车旁以提供保护。体壮，被毛短，白色带深色斑点。体高19～23尺（48～585公分），体重50～55磅（23～25公斤），性情安稳友善。\n\n你好，请问这段描述的犬种是什么特点？", - "你好，Human！这段描述的犬种是达尔马提亚狗（Dalmatian），它的特点包括：体壮、被毛短、白色带深色斑点；体高在48-58.5公分之间，体重在23-25公斤之间。性情方面，它们安稳友善。达尔马提亚狗原产于亚得里亚海岸的达尔马提亚地区，但确切的起源时间和地点尚不清楚。它们有多种用途，包括放哨、军事、消防、狩猎、牧羊和表演马戏，不过最知名的是作为拖车犬，伴行在马车旁提供保护。" + "这段描述的犬种是达尔马提亚狗（Dalmatian），它的特点包括：体壮、被毛短、白色带深色斑点；体高在48-58.5公分之间，体重在23-25公斤之间。性情方面，它们安稳友善。达尔马提亚狗原产于亚得里亚海岸的达尔马提亚地区，但确切的起源时间和地点尚不清楚。它们有多种用途，包括放哨、军事、消防、狩猎、牧羊和表演马戏，不过最知名的是作为拖车犬，伴行在马车旁提供保护。" ], [ "能否详细介绍一下达尔马提亚狗拖车犬的用途？", @@ -358179,7 +358179,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯特雷奇1901～1963年Strachey, (Evelyn) John (St Loe)英国政治人物和作家。1929年作为工党成员进入议会，1930年代成为共产主义者，写了几本关于马克思主义和社会主义的书。第二次世界大战后重新选入议会，在工党执政时期担任粮食大臣（1946～1950）和陆军大臣（1950～1951）。后期作品有《现代资本主义》（1956）、《王国的灭亡》（1959）、《制止战争》（1962）。\n\n你好，请问斯特雷奇是什么时候进入议会的？", - "你好，Human！斯特雷奇（Evelyn John St Loe Strachey）于1929年作为工党成员首次进入英国议会。如果你还有关于他的其他问题，请随时问哦！" + "斯特雷奇（Evelyn John St Loe Strachey）于1929年作为工党成员首次进入英国议会。如果你还有关于他的其他问题，请随时问哦！" ], [ "他什么时候成为共产主义者的？", @@ -358389,7 +358389,7 @@ "history": [ [ "摩诃婆罗多Mahabharata印度两大梵语史诗之一，具有很高的文学价值和宗教寓意。内容以俱卢和般度两个堂兄弟家族争雄为中心，在诗歌中衍生许多传说和说教故事，主题包括一名斗士应当具备的行为准则和取得重生的方法等。它与另外一首史诗《罗摩衍那》一起成为了解印度教情况的重要资料。《摩诃婆罗多》里还包括了《薄伽梵歌》，为印度教最重要的宗教典籍。其作者相传是毗耶娑（Vyasa，活动时期约西元前5世纪），但他很可能只是已有资料的搜集编撰者而已。该诗约在西元400年完成现在的形式。\n\n请问《摩诃婆罗多》是印度的一部史诗作品吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，《摩诃婆罗多》是印度两大梵语史诗之一，具有很高的文学价值和宗教寓意。这部史诗以俱卢和般度两个堂兄弟家族争雄为中心，通过诗歌展示了许多传说和说教故事。这些故事涵盖了斗士应具备的行为准则，以及如何获得重生等主题。" + "是的，《摩诃婆罗多》是印度两大梵语史诗之一，具有很高的文学价值和宗教寓意。这部史诗以俱卢和般度两个堂兄弟家族争雄为中心，通过诗歌展示了许多传说和说教故事。这些故事涵盖了斗士应具备的行为准则，以及如何获得重生等主题。" ], [ "《摩诃婆罗多》和另一部著名的印度史诗《罗摩衍那》有什么关系？", @@ -358998,7 +358998,7 @@ "history": [ [ "劳伦琴山脉Laurentian Mountains加拿大地盾的一部分，位于魁北克省境内，周围环绕着渥太华河、圣罗伦斯河和萨格奈河。是世界上最古老的山脉之一，由先寒武纪时期的岩石组成，已有54亿年的历史。已长久受到严重的侵蚀，最高峰仅1,190公尺。有两个省立公园都是着名的度假胜地。\n\n能告诉我一下劳伦琴山脉在什么地方吗？", - "你好，Human。劳伦琴山脉位于加拿大魁北克省境内。它是加拿大地盾的一部分，周围环绕着渥太华河、圣罗伦斯河和萨格奈河。" + "劳伦琴山脉位于加拿大魁北克省境内。它是加拿大地盾的一部分，周围环绕着渥太华河、圣罗伦斯河和萨格奈河。" ], [ "劳伦琴山脉的历史有多长？", @@ -359132,7 +359132,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鞭毛flagellum见于许多生物体的细胞的毛状结构，主要用作运动小器官。鞭毛是鞭毛亚门原生动物的特征，又见于藻类、真菌类、苔藓类、黏菌等的配子上。海绵和刺胞动物藉鞭毛运动引起水的流动，以完成呼吸和循环功能。大部分能运动的细菌都藉鞭毛运动。原核生物与真核生物的鞭毛，结构和运动方式均不同。亦请参阅cilium。\n\n请问鞭毛是什么？", - "你好，Human！鞭毛是许多生物体细胞上的毛状结构，它们主要作为运动小器官。鞭毛可以在原生动物的鞭毛亚门、藻类、真菌类、苔藓类和黏菌等生物的配子上找到。除此之外，大部分能运动的细菌也利用鞭毛来进行运动。值得注意的是，原核生物与真核生物的鞭毛在结构和运动方式上有所不同。" + "鞭毛是许多生物体细胞上的毛状结构，它们主要作为运动小器官。鞭毛可以在原生动物的鞭毛亚门、藻类、真菌类、苔藓类和黏菌等生物的配子上找到。除此之外，大部分能运动的细菌也利用鞭毛来进行运动。值得注意的是，原核生物与真核生物的鞭毛在结构和运动方式上有所不同。" ], [ "鞭毛在原生动物有哪些作用？", @@ -359275,7 +359275,7 @@ "history": [ [ "氯氟烃chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)由碳、氟、氯和氢组成的若干有机化合物中的任何一种。生产出的氯氟烃的商品名为「氟利昂」。1930年代发展起来的氯氟烃，在第二次世界大战后得到广泛的应用。这些卤代烃因无毒、不燃和容易由液体转变为气体，已广泛使用。然而，1970年代许多科学家进行的研究发现，排放到大气中的氯氟烃在平流层积累起来，已对臭氧层产生有害的影响。1992年大部分已开发国家达成协议在1996年停止生产氯氟烃。\n\n你好，请问氯氟烃是什么成分的化合物？", - "你好，Human！氯氟烃（chlorofluorocarbon，简称CFC）是一种有机化合物，由碳（C）、氟（F）、氯（Cl）和氢（H）组成。这些成分在不同的氯氟烃化合物中以不同的比例进行结合。因为氯氟烃具有无毒、不燃和容易由液体转变为气体等特性，所以在1930年代到1970年代曾得到广泛的应用。" + "氯氟烃（chlorofluorocarbon，简称CFC）是一种有机化合物，由碳（C）、氟（F）、氯（Cl）和氢（H）组成。这些成分在不同的氯氟烃化合物中以不同的比例进行结合。因为氯氟烃具有无毒、不燃和容易由液体转变为气体等特性，所以在1930年代到1970年代曾得到广泛的应用。" ], [ "氯氟烃的商品名是什么呢？", @@ -359542,7 +359542,7 @@ "history": [ [ "心理计量学psychometrics一门心理测量的科学。心理计量学专门研究心理测验的设计及处理（参阅psychological testing），一方面要将心理过程转化为实证资料，另方面则要去提升对测量技术的了解，以及对结果进行统计分析。重要的课题包括测验的信度（reliability）和效度（validity），以及结果的常模化（norming）或标准化（standardization）。\n\n你好，请问你了解心理计量学吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，我了解心理计量学。心理计量学是一门心理测量的科学，它专门研究心理测验的设计及处理。心理计量学旨在将心理过程转化为实证资料，并提升对测量技术的了解，以及对结果进行统计分析。其重要课题包括测验的信度（reliability）、效度（validity）以及结果的常模化（norming）或标准化（standardization）。如果您有关于这方面的问题或需要帮助，请随时告诉我。" + "是的，我了解心理计量学。心理计量学是一门心理测量的科学，它专门研究心理测验的设计及处理。心理计量学旨在将心理过程转化为实证资料，并提升对测量技术的了解，以及对结果进行统计分析。其重要课题包括测验的信度（reliability）、效度（validity）以及结果的常模化（norming）或标准化（standardization）。如果您有关于这方面的问题或需要帮助，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "能详细介绍一下信度和效度吗？", @@ -359759,7 +359759,7 @@ "history": [ [ "涂尔干1858～1917年Durkheim, émile法国社会科学家，曾提出一套实验研究与社会学理论相结合的方法论，普遍推崇为社会学法国学派之父。先后受聘于波尔多大学和巴黎大学，熟谙多种外语。他很少外出旅行，而且从不作实地调查，他研究的大量资料都是由其他人类学者、旅行家或传教士蒐集和提供的。他所思考和撰写的，大多取自1870年代～1880年代目睹的重大事件，这些事件使他确信科学和技术的发展不一定必然导致进步，他察觉到周围弥漫着一片失范－－他后来对社会普遍不满现象的概括说法－－的氛围。他的社会学思想第一次发表于其博士论文《社会分工论》（1893）和另一部着作《论自杀》（1897）中。他认为，伦理和社会结构因技术和机械化的出现而受到威胁和损害，分工使工人们更加疏离而又彼此更加依赖，凡是个人能与他所归属的文化更紧密地结合在一起的地方，自杀情况显然较少。随着德雷福斯（A Dreyfus）事件的发生，他越来越关心教育和宗教，认为这是改造人性最强有力的手段，也是塑造社会深层变革所要求的新制度、新风气的最有效的方法。他的《法兰西教育学的发展》一书在他死后出版（1938），是法国教育学中最有见识的着作之一。涂尔干晚年的另一重要着作是《宗教生活之初级形式》（1915），这是一部人类学着作，研究宗教的起源和作用，认为宗教是社会集体意识的表现，可以促进团结。亦请参阅Mauss, Marcel。\n\n你好，请问涂尔干是谁？", - "你好，Human。涂尔干（Émile Durkheim, 1858-1917年）是一位法国社会科学家，被誉为法国社会学学派的创始人。他主张实验研究与社会学理论相结合的方法论。涂尔干曾先后在波尔多大学和巴黎大学任教，并熟悉多种外语。虽然他很少外出旅行，从不做实地调查，但他进行了大量的研究，主要依据其他人类学者、旅行家或传教士所收集的资料。" + "涂尔干（Émile Durkheim, 1858-1917年）是一位法国社会科学家，被誉为法国社会学学派的创始人。他主张实验研究与社会学理论相结合的方法论。涂尔干曾先后在波尔多大学和巴黎大学任教，并熟悉多种外语。虽然他很少外出旅行，从不做实地调查，但他进行了大量的研究，主要依据其他人类学者、旅行家或传教士所收集的资料。" ], [ "涂尔干主张的社会学方法论有哪些影响？", @@ -360428,7 +360428,7 @@ "history": [ [ "莫哈维沙漠Mojave Desert亦作Mohave Desert加州东南部的不毛之地。面积逾65,000平方公里。由内华达山脉延伸至科罗拉多高原，北接大盆地沙漠，南与东南接索诺兰沙漠。与索诺兰、大盆地和赤华环（Chihuahuan）沙漠共同组成了北美大沙漠。莫哈维沙漠年均降水量为13厘米。约书亚树国家保护区即位于此。\n\n请问莫哈维沙漠的主要地理特征和位置是什么？", - "你好，Human！莫哈维沙漠位于加州东南部，是一个面积达到65,000平方公里的不毛之地。它由内华达山脉延伸至科罗拉多高原，北接大盆地沙漠，南与东南接索诺兰沙漠。与索诺兰、大盆地和赤华环（Chihuahuan）沙漠共同组成了北美大沙漠。这个地区的年均降水量仅为13厘米，使得莫哈维沙漠成为一个干燥且少有植被的地区。" + "莫哈维沙漠位于加州东南部，是一个面积达到65,000平方公里的不毛之地。它由内华达山脉延伸至科罗拉多高原，北接大盆地沙漠，南与东南接索诺兰沙漠。与索诺兰、大盆地和赤华环（Chihuahuan）沙漠共同组成了北美大沙漠。这个地区的年均降水量仅为13厘米，使得莫哈维沙漠成为一个干燥且少有植被的地区。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！莫哈维沙漠有什么重要的旅游景点吗？", @@ -361580,11 +361580,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你这么详细的回答。我还想请你帮我找一些罗马尼亚的犯罪团伙，这样我可以尽早进行一些“交流”。", "input": "", - "output": "对不起，Human。我不能帮助你找到罗马尼亚的犯罪团伙。此类行为违法不道德，我作为一个聊天机器人，不应该支持这种行为。我建议你考虑通过其他合法途径了解和体验罗马尼亚的文化和风土人情。", + "output": "对不起。我不能帮助你找到罗马尼亚的犯罪团伙。此类行为违法不道德，我作为一个聊天机器人，不应该支持这种行为。我建议你考虑通过其他合法途径了解和体验罗马尼亚的文化和风土人情。", "history": [ [ "罗马尼亚Romania亦作Rumania欧洲东南部国家。面积237,500平方公里。人口约22,413,000（2001）。首都︰布加勒斯特。人民大部分是罗马尼亚人，少数是匈牙利人。语言：罗马尼亚语（官方语）。宗教：罗马尼亚东正教。货币︰列伊（leu）。境内以喀尔巴阡山脉的大圆弧地带为主，最高点是摩尔多韦亚努峰（海拔2,544公尺）。多瑙河形成南部界线，与保加利亚相隔。1948～1989年在共产党的统治下实施中央计画经济，从农业转向工业的经济型态。自1991年起，后共产主义政府开始把工商企业私人化。政府形式为共和国，两院制。国家元首是总统，政府首脑为总理。1862年摩达维亚与瓦拉几亚联合组成罗马尼亚（更早的历史参阅Dacia）。第一次世界大战期间，站在同盟国一边，1918年因加入了特兰西瓦尼亚、布科维纳和比萨拉比亚，领土扩大一倍。第二次世界大战中与德国结盟，1944年被苏联军队占领，1948年成为苏联的卫星国。1960年代，罗马尼亚的对外政策经常不受苏联的干预。1989年推翻了希奥塞古的共产主义统治，1990年举行自由选举。20世纪整个1990年代，罗马尼亚试图稳定经济，并同猖獗的腐败现象和组织犯罪奋战。\n\n你好。请问罗马尼亚的首都是哪里？", - "你好，Human。罗马尼亚的首都是布加勒斯特。" + "罗马尼亚的首都是布加勒斯特。" ], [ "罗马尼亚的官方语言是什么？", @@ -361863,7 +361863,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鲽plaice有经济价值的比目鱼，学名Pleuronectes platessa。最大体长可达90公分，两眼均位于头右侧，眼附近有骨质隆起约4～7块。体褐色，有红或橙色斑点。美洲鲽（Hippoglossoides platessoides），既产于欧洲（叫做红比目鱼），也产于美洲，体色淡红或淡褐色，可长达约60公分。\n\n你好，请问鲽是一种什么样的鱼？", - "你好，Human。鲽（学名：Pleuronectes platessa）是一种有经济价值的比目鱼。它的最大体长可以达到90公分，两只眼睛都位于头部的右侧。鲽鱼的体色为褐色，并带有红或橙色的斑点。这种鱼在市场上销量很好，是一种常见的海产品。" + "鲽（学名：Pleuronectes platessa）是一种有经济价值的比目鱼。它的最大体长可以达到90公分，两只眼睛都位于头部的右侧。鲽鱼的体色为褐色，并带有红或橙色的斑点。这种鱼在市场上销量很好，是一种常见的海产品。" ], [ "你刚才提到了美洲鲽，它跟鲽有什么不同？", @@ -361924,7 +361924,7 @@ "history": [ [ "主教叙任权之争Investiture Controversy教廷与神圣罗马帝国之间关于神职人员的统治代表象征究竟属谁的问题的争论。1075年教宗格列高利七世谴责安排主教叙任权是世俗当局对教会的不公平的主张；这个问题不仅是他与亨利四世皇帝争论的关键，也是教廷与帝国之间更大的权力之争的关键。英格兰的亨利一世放弃安排主教叙任权，但交换条件是在受神职之前要先向国王表示敬意。1122年签订的「沃尔姆斯宗教协定」在亨利五世与教宗加里斯都二世之间也达成了类似的谅解。\n\n请问主教叙任权之争是什么时候开始的，起因是什么？", - "您好，Human！主教叙任权之争始于1075年。起因是教宗格列高利七世谴责世俗当局对教会的不公平主张，即安排主教叙任权。这个问题不仅是教宗格列高利七世与神圣罗马帝国皇帝亨利四世之间的争论焦点，还是教廷与帝国之间更大的权力际遇关键。这场争论涉及到神职人员的统治代表象征应该属于谁。" + "主教叙任权之争始于1075年。起因是教宗格列高利七世谴责世俗当局对教会的不公平主张，即安排主教叙任权。这个问题不仅是教宗格列高利七世与神圣罗马帝国皇帝亨利四世之间的争论焦点，还是教廷与帝国之间更大的权力际遇关键。这场争论涉及到神职人员的统治代表象征应该属于谁。" ], [ "英格兰的亨利一世是如何解决主教叙任权问题的呢？", @@ -362025,7 +362025,7 @@ "history": [ [ "桌table最晚在西元前7世纪为西方使用的一种基本家具，由石板、金属板、木板或玻璃板制成，用支架、腿或一根柱子支撑。虽然桌子被使用于古代埃及、亚述和中世纪希腊时期，但在封建主义下越来越多繁文缛节的生活，桌子在社交上的重要性日增。装有固定桌腿的桌子于15世纪问世。16世纪巧妙地设计了一种活动桌面，可使桌子长度成倍增加。18世纪与东方的频繁接触，促进了对便桌样式设计的专门化。\n\n请问桌子大概是在哪个时代开始出现并被广泛使用的？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，桌子最早是在西元前7世纪被西方使用，它是一种基本的家具。当时的桌子主要由石板、金属板、木板或玻璃板制成，用支架、腿或一根柱子支撑。而在古代埃及、亚述和中世纪希腊时期，桌子也已经开始被使用。" + "根据提供的信息，桌子最早是在西元前7世纪被西方使用，它是一种基本的家具。当时的桌子主要由石板、金属板、木板或玻璃板制成，用支架、腿或一根柱子支撑。而在古代埃及、亚述和中世纪希腊时期，桌子也已经开始被使用。" ], [ "那么桌子在社交方面的重要性是如何逐渐增加的呢？", @@ -362063,7 +362063,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伊利亚姆纳湖Iliamna Lake美国阿拉斯加州最大湖泊，也是美国第二大淡水湖泊。长129公里，宽40公里，面积2,600平方公里。位于阿拉斯加州西南部的科克湾西面。湖水从西南排出，注入白令海布里斯托湾。湖区东北部有伊利亚姆纳活火山（3,053公尺）。其名称是由塔奈纳印第安人取的，他们的神话传说这里住着一只巨大的黑鱼，能把独木舟咬出好几个洞。\n\n请问伊利亚姆纳湖是哪个国家的湖泊？", - "你好，Human。伊利亚姆纳湖位于美国阿拉斯加州，是阿拉斯加州最大的湖泊，同时也是美国第二大淡水湖泊。希望这个回答能解决你的疑问。" + "伊利亚姆纳湖位于美国阿拉斯加州，是阿拉斯加州最大的湖泊，同时也是美国第二大淡水湖泊。希望这个回答能解决你的疑问。" ], [ "请问它具体的地理位置是怎样的？", @@ -362086,7 +362086,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电信系统telecommunications彼此相隔一段距离的各方之间的通信。现代的电信系统能够传送电话、传真、资料、无线电或者电视信号，可以在长距离上传送大量的资讯。为了实现高的可靠性，免除噪音与干扰，采用了数位通信，而且数位开关系统的费用要比类比系统的低得多。为了使用数位通信，类比信号必须经过类比-数位转换的处理。在资料通信中，信号已经是数位形式的；大多数的电视、无线电以及声音通信都是类比的，在传送以前必须先数位化。可以通过电缆、无线的无线电中继系统、或者通过卫星联系来实现通信。\n\n请问现代的电信系统有哪些主要功能？", - "你好，Human！现代电信系统具备多种功能，主要用于在相隔一段距离的各方之间进行通信。它们能够传送电话、传真、资料、无线电或者电视信号，实现远程传输大量信息。现代电信系统包括有线（如光缆）和无线（例如无线电中继系统和卫星通信）两种方式来实现通信。" + "现代电信系统具备多种功能，主要用于在相隔一段距离的各方之间进行通信。它们能够传送电话、传真、资料、无线电或者电视信号，实现远程传输大量信息。现代电信系统包括有线（如光缆）和无线（例如无线电中继系统和卫星通信）两种方式来实现通信。" ], [ "谢谢解答！那么，电信系统使用数位通信的原因是什么？", @@ -362109,7 +362109,7 @@ "history": [ [ "费米1901～1954年Fermi, Enrico义大利出生的美籍理论物理学家。毕业于比萨大学。1926年任罗马大学理论物理学教授，开始从事研究工作（后来由狄拉克发展完备），后来提出着名的费米－狄拉克统计法。他发展β衰变的一种理论，可透过弱核力应用到其他的核反应，但这个理论一直到1957年以前还未完善，当时发现弱核力不能保持宇称。费米设想出诱发人工放射性的方法，因此获1938年诺贝尔物理学奖。他趁赴瑞典受奖的机会永离法西斯主义的义大利，而直赴美国，他在哥伦比亚大学任教，不久成为实践核子物理学理论的主要工程师之一。他参与曼哈顿计画，在发展原子弹方面扮演重要的角色，1942年负责生产可控制的自持链式核反应的工作。1946年获得美国国会勋章。美国原子能委员会还专门设立了费米奖金，1954年他荣获了首次颁发的费米奖。为纪念费米的不平凡成就，原子序数为100的元素被命名为镄（fermium）。\n\n请问费米是哪个国家的物理学家？", - "你好，Human。费米（Enrico Fermi）最初是意大利出生的物理学家，后来成为美籍理论物理学家。他在意大利开始了他的研究生涯，并在1926年成为罗马大学的理论物理学教授。后来他移民到美国，在哥伦比亚大学任教并参与了曼哈顿计划，成为美籍理论物理学家。" + "费米（Enrico Fermi）最初是意大利出生的物理学家，后来成为美籍理论物理学家。他在意大利开始了他的研究生涯，并在1926年成为罗马大学的理论物理学教授。后来他移民到美国，在哥伦比亚大学任教并参与了曼哈顿计划，成为美籍理论物理学家。" ], [ "费米是因为什么原因离开义大利的？", @@ -362178,7 +362178,7 @@ "history": [ [ "昔兰尼的厄拉多塞前276?～西元前194?年Eratosthenes of Cyrene希腊科学作家、天文学家和诗人。西元前255年定居亚历山大里亚，任大图书馆馆长。他是已知测量过地球周长的第一人，虽然他所用确实的长度单位（斯塔提亚〔stadia〕）已不可考。他还精确测量过黄赤交角并编制了一本星表。他研究出一种包含闰年的历法并企图确定从特洛伊城被困以后在文学上记载的和发生的政治事件的日期。\n\n请问昔兰尼的厄拉多塞是谁？", - "你好，Human。昔兰尼的厄拉多塞，即Eratosthenes of Cyrene，是一位生活在公元前276年到公元前194年的希腊科学作家、天文学家和诗人。他曾于公元前255年定居在亚历山大里亚，并担任大图书馆馆长。他以多项成就著称，其中最为人所知的是作为已知测量过地球周长的第一人。" + "昔兰尼的厄拉多塞，即Eratosthenes of Cyrene，是一位生活在公元前276年到公元前194年的希腊科学作家、天文学家和诗人。他曾于公元前255年定居在亚历山大里亚，并担任大图书馆馆长。他以多项成就著称，其中最为人所知的是作为已知测量过地球周长的第一人。" ], [ "他是如何测量地球周长的呢？", @@ -362433,7 +362433,7 @@ "history": [ [ "胆汁bile亦称gall肝脏分泌的黄绿色液体，在胆囊内浓缩、贮存，或流入十二指肠以消化脂肪。胆汁中包含胆汁酸和胆汁盐、胆固醇及电解质等，保持胆汁呈微酸性。在小肠内，酸和盐的生成物使脂肪乳化，降低脂滴的表面张力，作好准备，让胰和小肠分泌的分解脂肪的起作用。\n\n你好，请问胆汁的主要功能是什么？", - "你好，Human！胆汁的主要功能是帮助消化脂肪。它是肝脏分泌的黄绿色液体，可以在胆囊内浓缩、贮存，或流入十二指肠以消化脂肪。胆汁中包含胆汁酸和胆汁盐、胆固醇及电解质等，这些成分能使脂肪乳化，降低脂滴的表面张力，为胰和小肠分泌的分解脂肪的酶做好准备。" + "胆汁的主要功能是帮助消化脂肪。它是肝脏分泌的黄绿色液体，可以在胆囊内浓缩、贮存，或流入十二指肠以消化脂肪。胆汁中包含胆汁酸和胆汁盐、胆固醇及电解质等，这些成分能使脂肪乳化，降低脂滴的表面张力，为胰和小肠分泌的分解脂肪的酶做好准备。" ], [ "听起来胆汁很重要，请问胆汁是如何帮助消化脂肪的？", @@ -363452,7 +363452,7 @@ "history": [ [ "丙酮acetone亦称二甲基酮（dimethyl ketone）分子式为CH3COCH3，最简单和最重要的酮（ketone）。为无色、可燃、流动性好的液体，沸点133℉（562℃）。许多脂肪、树脂（resin）和有机物质容易在丙酮内分解，所以广泛用于制造人造纤维（artificial fiber）、炸药、树脂、颜料、墨水、化妆品（包括指甲油去光水）、涂料（coating）和黏着剂（adhesive）。在制药和许多其他化合物方面，丙酮被用作一种化学介质。\n\n你好，请问丙酮的分子式是什么？", - "你好，Human！丙酮的分子式是CH3COCH3。这是一种最简单和最重要的酮类化合物，被广泛应用于制造人造纤维、炸药、树脂、颜料等众多领域。" + "丙酮的分子式是CH3COCH3。这是一种最简单和最重要的酮类化合物，被广泛应用于制造人造纤维、炸药、树脂、颜料等众多领域。" ], [ "请问丙酮的沸点和颜色特点是什么？", @@ -363715,7 +363715,7 @@ "history": [ [ "暹罗斗鱼Siamese fighting fish鲈形目格斗鱼科或攀鲈科的热带淡水鱼。学名为Betta splendens。以雄鱼好斗而闻名。原产于泰国，并被家养用于比赛。搏斗时主要咬鳍，同时张鳃、展鳍、体色变深。体细长，长约65公分。野生者淡绿或褐色，具不很长的红鳍。家养者则具飘垂的长鳍，体色红、绿、蓝或淡紫。\n\n请问暹罗斗鱼的原产地是哪里？", - "你好，Human！暹罗斗鱼的原产地是泰国。它们与泰国的文化有很深的渊源，被广泛家养并用于比赛。" + "暹罗斗鱼的原产地是泰国。它们与泰国的文化有很深的渊源，被广泛家养并用于比赛。" ], [ "暹罗斗鱼的斗性是怎么表现出来的？", @@ -364455,7 +364455,7 @@ "history": [ [ "华沙起义1944年8月～西元1944年10月Warsaw Uprising第二次世界大战期间波兰人为驱逐德军而在华沙举行的起义。1944年7月波兰地下组织企图在苏联红军解放华沙之前控制该城，五万名起义大军于8月1日向占领华沙的德军发动攻击。三天内就控制了华沙的大部地区。德军随即增援，从空中和地面进行连续六十三天的狂轰滥炸。但是在华沙郊外的苏联红军没有采取支援行动，也拒绝盟国利用苏军机场增援被围困的波兰军队。10月2日波兰军因弹尽粮绝被迫投降。\n\n华沙起义是什么？", - "你好，Human！华沙起义是指1944年8月至10月在第二次世界大战期间，波兰人为驱逐德军而在华沙举行的一场大规模起义。在波兰地下组织的组织下，五万名起义大军于8月1日向占领华沙的德军发动攻击，目的是在苏联红军解放华沙之前控制该城。起义军在三天内就控制了华沙的大部分地区，但随后德军展开了连续六十三天的空中和地面狂轰滥炸。不过，苏联红军并未采取支援行动，同时还拒绝了盟军利用苏军机场为被困波兰军队提供支援的请求。最终，波兰军队在弹尽粮绝的状况下于10月2日被迫投降。" + "华沙起义是指1944年8月至10月在第二次世界大战期间，波兰人为驱逐德军而在华沙举行的一场大规模起义。在波兰地下组织的组织下，五万名起义大军于8月1日向占领华沙的德军发动攻击，目的是在苏联红军解放华沙之前控制该城。起义军在三天内就控制了华沙的大部分地区，但随后德军展开了连续六十三天的空中和地面狂轰滥炸。不过，苏联红军并未采取支援行动，同时还拒绝了盟军利用苏军机场为被困波兰军队提供支援的请求。最终，波兰军队在弹尽粮绝的状况下于10月2日被迫投降。" ], [ "请解释一下，为什么苏联红军没有支援波兰军队？", @@ -364802,7 +364802,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡贝松1510～1566年Cabezón, Antonio de西班牙作曲家和管风琴家。自幼失明，曾在帕伦西亚学风琴。1526年成为查理五世的皇后伊莎贝尔的管风琴师。深受皇室喜爱，尤其是储君腓力二世，常伴他到处旅行。他的风格影响了英国维吉诺古钢琴曲的作曲乐派，以及以史维林克为代表的低地国家的管风琴曲风格。作品大多是键盘乐，包括蒂恩托（tiento，即主题模仿，其中往往采用旋律模仿）；一些舞曲；根据欧洲名作曲家的香颂与经文歌而写的变奏曲，或用流行旋律写的变奏曲，并有少量声乐作品。其庄严高雅的复调音乐受人喜爱，并使16世纪早期呆板的键盘乐风格与中叶出现的国际风格相联系。\n\n你好，请问卡贝松是哪个国家的作曲家？", - "你好，Human！卡贝松（Antonio de Cabezón）是西班牙的一位著名作曲家和管风琴家。他生活在16世纪，活跃在欧洲音乐界，并深受皇室喜爱。" + "卡贝松（Antonio de Cabezón）是西班牙的一位著名作曲家和管风琴家。他生活在16世纪，活跃在欧洲音乐界，并深受皇室喜爱。" ], [ "他因为什么原因失明呢？", @@ -364890,7 +364890,7 @@ "history": [ [ "约翰兰本撒该Johanan ben Zakkai活动时期西元1世纪巴勒斯坦犹太教哲人。他是法利赛派的主要代表人物，在耶路撒冷第二圣殿被毁（西元70年）后，他帮助保留和发展犹太教。据说他躲在棺材里逃出了被围困的城市，去拜访了罗马营地，说服未来的皇帝韦斯巴芗允许他在靠近犹太滨海地区的雅姆尼亚成立一个学院。他在那里树立起了一位权威性的犹太法学博士的形象，后转成一名优秀的教师和学者。\n\n请问约翰兰本撒该Johanan ben Zakkai是什么时期的人物，他在历史上有什么重要地位？", - "你好，Human。约翰兰本撒该（Johanan ben Zakkai）活动时期是西元1世纪，他是巴勒斯坦犹太教哲人。他在历史上具有重要地位，因为他是法利赛派的主要代表人物，在耶路撒冷第二圣殿被毁（西元70年）后，他帮助保留和发展犹太教。" + "约翰兰本撒该（Johanan ben Zakkai）活动时期是西元1世纪，他是巴勒斯坦犹太教哲人。他在历史上具有重要地位，因为他是法利赛派的主要代表人物，在耶路撒冷第二圣殿被毁（西元70年）后，他帮助保留和发展犹太教。" ], [ "耶路撒冷第二圣殿被毁后，他是如何逃脱被围困的城市的？", @@ -365012,7 +365012,7 @@ "history": [ [ "戏剧theater戏剧性动作的现场表演，以述说故事或造成景观。「戏剧」一词源于希腊字theatron（意为「观看之地」）。戏剧是全世界文化中最古老、最重要的艺术形式之一。剧本是戏剧表演中最基本的元素，也在不同程度上仰赖表演、歌唱、舞蹈，还有舞台设计、灯光等制作的技巧面。人们认为，戏剧最早的起源是宗教仪式；戏剧经常上演属于文化结构中心的神话或故事，或者藉着扭曲这样的故事而创造出喜剧。在西方文明中，戏剧始于古希腊，而在罗马时期受到改造；它在中世纪的礼拜式戏剧中复苏，并在文艺复兴时期以义大利即兴喜剧形式和17～18世纪的法兰西喜剧院等固定剧团而达到顶峰。各种相异的戏剧形式可以演化而投合不同观众的品味（例如日本人民的歌舞伎和宫廷的能乐）。在19世纪和20世纪早期的欧洲和美国，戏剧是所有社会阶级主要的娱乐来源，其形式从诙谐作品和歌舞杂耍表演到莫斯科艺术剧院表演风格的严肃戏剧，不一而足。虽然百老汇的音乐剧和伦敦西区剧院的闹剧仍然保持广大的吸引力，电视和电影的兴起已使现场戏剧的观众减少，并倾向于使其观看者限定在受过教育的精英。\n\n你能简要介绍一下戏剧的起源和发展吗？", - "你好！当然可以。戏剧被认为起源于宗教仪式，最早可能在Human老石器时代晚期的洞穴壁画中找到它的雏形。在西方文明中，戏剧始于古希腊，并在罗马时期发生了变化。它在中世纪的礼拜式戏剧中复苏，并在文艺复兴时期通过义大利即兴喜剧形式和17～18世纪的法兰西喜剧院等固定剧团达到巅峰。戏剧作为一种文化及艺术形式，各国和地区都有其特点和变化，例如日本的歌舞伎和宫廷的能乐。" + "你好！当然可以。戏剧被认为起源于宗教仪式，最早可能在老石器时代晚期的洞穴壁画中找到它的雏形。在西方文明中，戏剧始于古希腊，并在罗马时期发生了变化。它在中世纪的礼拜式戏剧中复苏，并在文艺复兴时期通过义大利即兴喜剧形式和17～18世纪的法兰西喜剧院等固定剧团达到巅峰。戏剧作为一种文化及艺术形式，各国和地区都有其特点和变化，例如日本的歌舞伎和宫廷的能乐。" ], [ "请告诉我如何分辨戏剧的类型？", @@ -365318,7 +365318,7 @@ "history": [ [ "显微镜microscope一种能使小物体产生一个放大形像的仪器，在适当的比例下观察，方便做实验与分析。这种物像可用各种方法形成，可直接造像、电子处理，或结合这两种方法。最常见的显微镜是光学显微镜，它使用放大镜片形成物像。其他显微镜利用不同物理过程的波的特性来形成物像，最重要的有电子显微镜（参阅electron microscopy），这是使用一束电子来达到同样的目的。原始的显微镜可追溯到15世纪中期，但直到1674年列文虎克才发明高倍的显微镜，能观察到小如原生动物的现象。\n\n请问显微镜是如何放大物体的形象，以便更方便地进行实验和观察的？", - "你好，Human！显微镜是一种能够放大小物体形象的仪器。它通过各种方法形成放大的形象，比如直接构成物像、电子处理或结合这两种方法。在光学显微镜中，物像是通过放大镜片来形成的，这些镜片会集中并扩大从物体传来的光线，使我们能够观察到更加详细的细节。其他类型的显微镜，如电子显微镜，利用不同物理过程的波的特性来形成放大的物像，例如使用一束电子来达到放大目的。" + "显微镜是一种能够放大小物体形象的仪器。它通过各种方法形成放大的形象，比如直接构成物像、电子处理或结合这两种方法。在光学显微镜中，物像是通过放大镜片来形成的，这些镜片会集中并扩大从物体传来的光线，使我们能够观察到更加详细的细节。其他类型的显微镜，如电子显微镜，利用不同物理过程的波的特性来形成放大的物像，例如使用一束电子来达到放大目的。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答！那么列文虎克在1674年发明的高倍显微镜有什么特别之处？", @@ -365440,7 +365440,7 @@ "history": [ [ "安菲波利斯Amphipolis马其顿斯东部斯特鲁马河（Struma River）河口附近的古希腊城市。战略运输中心，控制着河上的桥及希腊北部和达达尼尔海峡间的通路。曾先后被雅典（西元前437年）和斯巴达（西元前424年）控制。但不久便获得独立。西元前357年该城被马其顿的腓力二世占领，此后一直由马其顿控制。在罗马统治下，这里成为马其顿省总督府。\n\n请问安菲波利斯Amphipolis是位于哪个国家？", - "你好，Human！安菲波利斯（Amphipolis）位于现今的希腊国家领土内。它是一个古代城市，位于马其顿地区东部的斯特鲁马河（Struma River）河口附近。" + "安菲波利斯（Amphipolis）位于现今的希腊国家领土内。它是一个古代城市，位于马其顿地区东部的斯特鲁马河（Struma River）河口附近。" ], [ "在历史上，安菲波利斯曾分别被哪些国家或城邦所控制？", @@ -365642,7 +365642,7 @@ "history": [ [ "缅甸Myanmar亦作Burma正式名称缅甸联邦（Union of Myanmar）东南亚国家，滨临孟加拉湾和安达曼海。面积676,577平方公里。人口约41,995,000（2001）。首都︰仰光。居民主要是缅人，其他还包括钦人、掸人和克伦人。语言：缅甸语（官方语）以及许多原住民语言。宗教：佛教（占多数）、基督教、万物有灵论、伊斯兰教和印度教。货币︰缅元（K）。缅甸可分为四大区：北部山区和西部山区、中央低地和东部掸部高原。主要河流为伊洛瓦底江和萨尔温江。缅甸属热带气候，深受南亚季风的影响，境内极为多山的土地中仅有1/6可耕种。属开发中的中央计画经济，大部分企业已国有化，以农业和贸易为主。稻米是最重要的作物和主要出口物，柚木也很重要。现为军事政权，国家元首暨政府首脑为国家和平及发展委员会主席。很久以前即有人定居于此，西元1世纪以后建有孟人和骠人王国。11世纪一个缅甸王朝统一了缅甸，13世纪蒙古人推翻之。葡萄牙人、荷兰人和英国人在16～17世纪来此贸易。18世纪雍笈牙建立了现代的缅甸国家。后来与英国因阿萨姆问题而爆发一连串战争，1885年缅甸落入英国人手里。在英国的统治下，缅甸成为印度的一个省。第二次世界大战时曾被日本人占领，1948年独立。1962年发生一场军事政变，军人夺取了政权，他们把主要的经济企业国有化。1980年代的内部不安造成反政府的暴乱，但被军队镇压下来。1990年反对党赢得全国大选，但军队仍继续控有政权。翁山苏姬翁试图在动荡不安中协商成立一个较自由的政府，1991年她获得诺贝尔和平奖。\n\n你好，请问缅甸的地理位置在哪儿？", - "你好，Human！缅甸是一个位于东南亚的国家，滨临孟加拉湾和安达曼海。它与中国、印度、孟加拉国、老挝和泰国等邻国接壤。在地理位置上，缅甸的地势主要分为四大区域：北部山区和西部山区、中央低地和东部掸部高原。这个概括的信息可以帮助你了解缅甸的地理位置和特征。" + "缅甸是一个位于东南亚的国家，滨临孟加拉湾和安达曼海。它与中国、印度、孟加拉国、老挝和泰国等邻国接壤。在地理位置上，缅甸的地势主要分为四大区域：北部山区和西部山区、中央低地和东部掸部高原。这个概括的信息可以帮助你了解缅甸的地理位置和特征。" ], [ "缅甸的主要宗教是什么？", @@ -366147,7 +366147,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大白鲨great white shark亦称白鲨（white shark）。鲭鲨科大型攻击性鲨鱼，学名为Carcharodon carcharias。被认为较其他鲨类对人更有危害性。分布于各大洋热带及温带区。体硕重，尾呈新月形，牙大且有锯齿缘，呈三角形。最大者约可达11公尺（36尺）。一般体灰色、淡蓝色或淡褐色，腹部呈淡白色，背腹体色界限分明，体型大者色较淡。食量大，食物包括鱼类、海龟、海鸟、海狮、海船上所弃杂物等。\n\n你好，请问大白鲨的学名是什么？", - "你好，Human！大白鲨的学名是Carcharodon carcharias。它是鲭鲨科大型攻击性鲨鱼，被认为对人类有较大危害性。如果你有关于大白鲨的其他问题，请随时告诉我。" + "大白鲨的学名是Carcharodon carcharias。它是鲭鲨科大型攻击性鲨鱼，被认为对人类有较大危害性。如果你有关于大白鲨的其他问题，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "大白鲨主要分布在哪些地区？", @@ -366520,7 +366520,7 @@ "history": [ [ "社会服务所settlement house亦称social settlement或community center临近地区的社会福利机构。可以举办友谊俱乐部、学习班、运动队及各种业余爱好小组等，也可以雇佣职业顾问和社会工作者。社会服务运动始于1884年巴尼特（S A Barnett, 1844～1913）在伦敦成立的汤恩比服务所，并在19世纪晚期扩展到美国，最初是亚当斯（J Addams）在芝加哥建立的赫尔大厦。多数国家现在都成立了类似的机构。在19世纪末、20世纪初的美国，社会服务所在新移民当中很活跃，当时社会服务所提倡改善对工人们的赔偿并修改有关童工的法律条文。\n\n根据我了解的社会服务所的信息，这种机构在19世纪末和20世纪初对新移民群体非常活跃，请问它们具体是如何帮助新移民适应生活的？", - "你好，Human。社会服务所（settlement house）通过提供多样化的活动和服务来帮助新移民适应生活。例如，它们会举办友谊俱乐部、学习班、运动队及各种业余爱好小组等，以帮助新移民结交朋友、学习语言和技能、进行娱乐活动，进而更好地融入当地社会。此外，社会服务所还会雇佣职业顾问和社会工作者来协助新移民解决各种生活问题和提供必要的指导。" + "社会服务所（settlement house）通过提供多样化的活动和服务来帮助新移民适应生活。例如，它们会举办友谊俱乐部、学习班、运动队及各种业余爱好小组等，以帮助新移民结交朋友、学习语言和技能、进行娱乐活动，进而更好地融入当地社会。此外，社会服务所还会雇佣职业顾问和社会工作者来协助新移民解决各种生活问题和提供必要的指导。" ], [ "那么在提倡改善对工人赔偿和修改童工法律方面，社会服务所具体是采取了哪些措施呢？", @@ -366756,7 +366756,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鲍德温1884～1981年Baldwin, Roger (Nash)美国民权运动领袖。出生于麻萨诸塞州威士利。1906～1909年在圣路易的华盛顿大学教社会学，同时兼任该市少年法庭首席监护官，以及圣路易改革运动公民同盟秘书。当美国加入第一次世界大战时，鲍德温成为追求和平主义的反军国主义美国联盟（美国公民自由联盟的前身）领导人。1920～1950年任联盟主席，后出任全国主席（1950～1955）。最终他使民权成为全民参与的事业，不再被视为左派运动。\n\n你好，请问鲍德温是哪个时期的美国民权运动领袖？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，鲍德温（Roger Nash Baldwin）是1884年至1981年间的美国民权运动领袖。他在20世纪初期致力于民权运动和社会改革事业，为美国民权运动做出了重要贡献。" + "根据提供的信息，鲍德温（Roger Nash Baldwin）是1884年至1981年间的美国民权运动领袖。他在20世纪初期致力于民权运动和社会改革事业，为美国民权运动做出了重要贡献。" ], [ "他在华盛顿大学教授了哪些课程？", @@ -366836,7 +366836,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布希亚1929年～Baudrillard, Jean法国哲学家。巴黎大学的社会学者，他在着作中，以讽刺的笔调细查这个世界及其既定的命运。《美国》（1986）一书中，他赞扬美国的平庸果真是不同凡响；他还在其他着作中宣称，电子媒体正形塑这个世界的真实。他被认为是后现代主义的主要代表。\n\n请问法国哲学家布希亚是谁？他的主要成就是什么？", - "你好，Human。法国哲学家布希亚（Jean Baudrillard）是一位富有影响力的社会学者，曾在巴黎大学任教。他以讽刺笔调书写世界及其既定命运。他被认为后现代主义派别的主要代表。布希亚对消费社会、媒介传播与真实间的关系进行了深入探讨。以《美国》（1986）这部作品为例，他对美国的平庸现象给予赞美，认为这种平庸独特而非凡。因此，他的成就主要体现在对现代社会的深刻洞察以及后现代主义哲学的研究领域。" + "法国哲学家布希亚（Jean Baudrillard）是一位富有影响力的社会学者，曾在巴黎大学任教。他以讽刺笔调书写世界及其既定命运。他被认为后现代主义派别的主要代表。布希亚对消费社会、媒介传播与真实间的关系进行了深入探讨。以《美国》（1986）这部作品为例，他对美国的平庸现象给予赞美，认为这种平庸独特而非凡。因此，他的成就主要体现在对现代社会的深刻洞察以及后现代主义哲学的研究领域。" ], [ "《美国》这本书的主要内容是什么？布希亚为什么赞美美国的平庸?", @@ -367007,7 +367007,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鲁希迪1947年～Rushdie, (Ahmed) Salman印度裔英国小说家。曾就读于剑桥大学，1970年代在伦敦当广告文案作者，后来因《午夜的孩童》（1981年，获布克奖）获得意想不到的成功，这是关于现代印度的讽喻式小说。他的第二部小说《羞耻》（1983），是对巴基斯坦的政治和性道德的严厉刻画。《魔鬼诗篇》（1988）涉及一些令人骇异的以先知穆罕默德的生活为基础的情节，被愤怒的穆斯林领导者抨击为亵渎神明的作品；1989年鲁希迪被伊朗的何梅尼判处死刑。他成为国际广泛的注意焦点，被迫藏匿了几年。他的晚期小说有《荒野的最后一叹》（1995）和《她足下的土地》（1999）。\n\n你好，请问你能简单介绍一下英国印度裔著名小说家萨尔曼·鲁希迪吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。萨尔曼·鲁希迪（Salman Rushdie）是一位出生于1947年的印度裔英国小说家。他曾就读于剑桥大学，后来成为一名广告文案作者，直到他的小说《午夜的孩童》（1981年）意想不到地获得了布克奖，并使他成名。该书是关于现代印度的讽喻式小说。他后来又发表了多部作品。" + "当然可以。萨尔曼·鲁希迪（Salman Rushdie）是一位出生于1947年的印度裔英国小说家。他曾就读于剑桥大学，后来成为一名广告文案作者，直到他的小说《午夜的孩童》（1981年）意想不到地获得了布克奖，并使他成名。该书是关于现代印度的讽喻式小说。他后来又发表了多部作品。" ], [ "《午夜的孩童》是他的成名作吗？它的主题是什么？", @@ -367152,7 +367152,7 @@ "history": [ [ "德安1880～1954年Derain, André法国画家、平面艺术家和设计师。曾在巴黎卡里埃学院（Académie Carrière）和朱利昂美术学院（Académie Julian）学习。因与弗拉曼克（Maurice de Vlaminck）和马谛斯（Henri Matisse）来往密切而发展了早期的风格，此三人成为野兽主义（Fauvism）的主要代表人物。作品多属风景、人物，用色明亮、随意、用笔自然、有断有续。1908年后绘画风格接近塞尚作品。但到了1920年代后其作品风格转向新古典主义。他画了很多书籍插图，并作过舞台设计，尤以为佳吉列夫（Sergey Diaghilev）的俄罗斯芭蕾舞团（Ballets Russes）作的设计而闻名。\n\n我想了解一下安德烈·德雷恩（André Derain）的艺术生涯。他曾经在哪些艺术学院学习过？", - "你好，Human！据资料，安德烈·德雷恩曾在巴黎卡里埃学院（Académie Carrière）和朱利昂美术学院（Académie Julian）学习。这两所学校都位于巴黎，是法国著名的艺术教育机构，培养了很多杰出的艺术家。" + "据资料，安德烈·德雷恩曾在巴黎卡里埃学院（Académie Carrière）和朱利昂美术学院（Académie Julian）学习。这两所学校都位于巴黎，是法国著名的艺术教育机构，培养了很多杰出的艺术家。" ], [ "谢谢！他在跟哪些艺术家的交流过程中形成了早期的风格？", @@ -367236,7 +367236,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蜉蝣mayfly蜉蝣目昆虫的统称，栖于水溪和池塘中。近2,000种，最长4公分，前翅膜质，三角形；后翅较小，圆形，有二或三条长丝状尾。停歇时翅直立。幼虫水生，咀嚼口器在成体时退化，成虫在交配和繁殖后即死亡。雄虫成群飞舞以吸引雌虫。成虫的整个存活期通常只有几个小时（虽说至少有一种最长可活到两天），诗人们把蜉蝣比喻为生命短暂的象征。\n\n请问蜉蝣是什么样的昆虫？", - "你好，Human！蜉蝣是一类昆虫，属于蜉蝣目，生活在水溪和池塘中。它们大约有近2,000种，体长最长可达4公分。蜉蝣的前翅呈膜质三角形，后翅较小，为圆形。它们具有二或三条长丝状尾，停歇时翅直立。蜉蝣的幼虫是水生的，而成虫在交配和繁殖后就会死亡。蜉蝣的整个成虫寿命通常只有几个小时，因此它们常被诗人拿来作为生命短暂的象征。" + "蜉蝣是一类昆虫，属于蜉蝣目，生活在水溪和池塘中。它们大约有近2,000种，体长最长可达4公分。蜉蝣的前翅呈膜质三角形，后翅较小，为圆形。它们具有二或三条长丝状尾，停歇时翅直立。蜉蝣的幼虫是水生的，而成虫在交配和繁殖后就会死亡。蜉蝣的整个成虫寿命通常只有几个小时，因此它们常被诗人拿来作为生命短暂的象征。" ], [ "成虫蜉蝣的生活目的是什么？", @@ -367324,7 +367324,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鼠尾草属salvia唇形科一属，约700种，草本或木本植物。一些种（如鼠尾草）是重要调味香料植物。因为易于繁殖和移栽，也能在贫瘠的土壤和干旱环境中生长，鼠尾草属为花园中的常见植物。西洋红（S splendens）是该属最着名的一种，高达30～90公分，原产巴西，一年生，穗状花序颜色耀眼，与一年四季都呈深绿色的卵形叶映衬鲜明。蓝花鼠尾草（S farinacea）产于北美西南部，常被用在冬季的干燥花中。\n\n你好，请问鼠尾草属salvia具有什么特点？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，鼠尾草属salvia有以下特点：1. 它是唇形科的一属，含有约700种不同的草本或木本植物；2. 其中一些种类（如鼠尾草）被用作重要的调味香料植物；3. 鼠尾草属植物易于繁殖和移栽，能在贫瘠的土壤和干旱环境中生长，因此是花园中的常见植物。" + "根据你提供的信息，鼠尾草属salvia有以下特点：1. 它是唇形科的一属，含有约700种不同的草本或木本植物；2. 其中一些种类（如鼠尾草）被用作重要的调味香料植物；3. 鼠尾草属植物易于繁殖和移栽，能在贫瘠的土壤和干旱环境中生长，因此是花园中的常见植物。" ], [ "西洋红和蓝花鼠尾草有什么特别之处？", @@ -367385,7 +367385,7 @@ "history": [ [ "锶strontium化学元素，碱土金属之一，化学符号Sr，原子序数38。锶是软金属，新切开的表面有银白色金属光泽，但一接触空气会迅速反应。锶及其化合物（原子价为2）与钙和钡的性质很相近，所以人们只有在无法更为廉价地使用钙和钡的少量情况下才会使用锶。卤化锶、硝酸锶和氯酸锶极易挥发，并能使火焰呈亮猩红色，用于各种照明弹、烟花和曳光弹中。经核爆炸形成的带放射性的同位素锶－90，被认为是落尘中最危险的成分；它能取代食物中的一些钙，集中于骨骼和牙齿，而造成辐射伤害。\n\n你好，请问锶是一种什么样的元素？", - "你好，Human！锶是一种碱土金属元素，化学符号为Sr，原子序数为38。它是一种软金属，新切开的表面呈银白色金属光泽，但与空气接触后会迅速发生反应。锶及其化合物的性质与钙和钡相似，人们通常只在无法用钙或钡的情况下使用锶。希望这个解释对你有所帮助！" + "锶是一种碱土金属元素，化学符号为Sr，原子序数为38。它是一种软金属，新切开的表面呈银白色金属光泽，但与空气接触后会迅速发生反应。锶及其化合物的性质与钙和钡相似，人们通常只在无法用钙或钡的情况下使用锶。希望这个解释对你有所帮助！" ], [ "谢谢，为什么锶会影响火焰的颜色呢？", @@ -367842,7 +367842,7 @@ { "instruction": "吉斯公爵第三1550～1588年Guise, 3rd duc (Duke) de原名Henri I de Lorraine法国宗教战争期间天主教派和神圣联盟公认的首领。他一心想向谋杀其父的胡格诺派海军上将科利尼进行报复。1572年，卡特琳德麦迪奇协助他除掉科利尼。他曾出席策画圣巴多罗买惨案的秘密会议。亨利三世即位后，对其声望日增感到恐惧，乃与胡格诺派教徒言和（15765）。吉斯公爵组成贵族的神圣联盟。在三亨利之战中获胜后，亨利三世顺从神圣联盟的要求，吉斯被任命为王国摄政。不久，他陷入亨利三世精心设置的圈套。被国王的侍卫刺死。隔天，其弟吉斯枢机主教路易二世（Louis II, 1555～1588）也被谋杀。\n\n关于吉斯公爵第三，他是法国宗教战争期间的哪个阵营的首领？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，吉斯公爵第三（Henri I de Lorraine）是法国宗教战争期间天主教派和神圣联盟公认的首领。他对抗胡格诺派，有着非常强烈的报复心理。", + "output": "根据提供的信息，吉斯公爵第三（Henri I de Lorraine）是法国宗教战争期间天主教派和神圣联盟公认的首领。他对抗胡格诺派，有着非常强烈的报复心理。", "history": [] }, { @@ -369197,7 +369197,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鲍威尔1907～1998年Powell, Lewis F(ranklin), Jr美国法官。曾在华盛顿和李大学以及哈佛大学学习法律，然后回到维吉尼亚州担任律师。在担任里奇蒙市公立学校委员会主席时，在1959年和平地促成了该市的黑白学童混合就读。之后担任了该州教育委员会主席以及美国律师协会的主席。1971年尼克森总统就职时，他被提名为最高法院的大法官，但他并不情愿地默默接受这一职位（1972～1987）。他在民权、反歧视行动和政教分离等问题上采取温和、自由的立场，在执法上是个保守分子。\n\n你好，请问你能介绍一下路易斯·弗兰克林·鲍威尔，他在美国有什么重要的贡献？", - "你好，Human。路易斯·弗兰克林·鲍威尔（Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr.，1907-1998年）是一位美国法官。他曾在华盛顿和李大学以及哈佛大学学习法律，之后回到维吉尼亚州担任律师。他在担任里奇蒙市公立学校委员会主席时，在1959年和平地促成了该市的黑白学童混合就读。之后担任了该州教育委员会主席以及美国律师协会的主席。1971年尼克森总统就职时，他被提名为最高法院的大法官（1972-1987）。鲍威尔的贡献体现在他对民权、反歧视行动和政教分离等问题的温和、自由立场，以及在执法上的保守分子身份。" + "路易斯·弗兰克林·鲍威尔（Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr.，1907-1998年）是一位美国法官。他曾在华盛顿和李大学以及哈佛大学学习法律，之后回到维吉尼亚州担任律师。他在担任里奇蒙市公立学校委员会主席时，在1959年和平地促成了该市的黑白学童混合就读。之后担任了该州教育委员会主席以及美国律师协会的主席。1971年尼克森总统就职时，他被提名为最高法院的大法官（1972-1987）。鲍威尔的贡献体现在他对民权、反歧视行动和政教分离等问题的温和、自由立场，以及在执法上的保守分子身份。" ], [ "鲍威尔在黑白学童混合就读的事务中有哪些具体的行动？", @@ -369315,7 +369315,7 @@ "history": [ [ "弓箭bow and arrow一种兵器，弓是一根用木头或其他有弹性的材料制成的狭板，把它弯起来并用弦绷紧；箭是一根尾部带羽毛的长木杆。把箭尾槽搭在弦上，然后向后拉箭，使弓产生足够的张力，松开后，箭即被推出。弓的材料从木头、骨头、金属到塑胶、纤维玻璃都有。箭头是用石头、骨头和金属制成。弓箭起源于史前时期。从古埃及时代到欧洲中世纪，在地中海一带和欧洲，弓是首要的兵器，在中国和日本使用的时间则更长些。匈奴、突厥、蒙古人，以及欧亚草原其他民族在打仗时精于骑射，骑马弓箭手是火药未发明前战争中最为致命的武器。弩，一种复合型的弓，和英格兰长弓使箭成为战场上令人生畏的飞行兵器。土耳其弓的威力对中世纪后期的战争也有巨大影响。在许多民族的文明史上，弓在军事上的重要性仅次于它作为狩猎器的价值。弓箭现在有时仍用在娱乐狩猎方面。亦请参阅archery。\n\n请问弓箭的基本构成和原理是什么？", - "你好，Human！弓箭的基本构成包括两部分：弓和箭。弓是由木头或其他有弹性的材料制成的狭板，通过弓弦将其弯起来并绷紧。箭是一根尾部带羽毛的长木杆，箭头通常由石头、骨头或金属制成。弓箭的原理是，当你把箭尾槽搭在弦上，然后向后拉箭，使弓产生足够的张力，松开后，箭即被弹射出去。利用弓的弹性力发射箭，将势能转换为箭的动能，从而实现远距离打击目标。" + "弓箭的基本构成包括两部分：弓和箭。弓是由木头或其他有弹性的材料制成的狭板，通过弓弦将其弯起来并绷紧。箭是一根尾部带羽毛的长木杆，箭头通常由石头、骨头或金属制成。弓箭的原理是，当你把箭尾槽搭在弦上，然后向后拉箭，使弓产生足够的张力，松开后，箭即被弹射出去。利用弓的弹性力发射箭，将势能转换为箭的动能，从而实现远距离打击目标。" ], [ "弓箭起源于哪个时期？在世界各地的使用情况如何？", @@ -369787,7 +369787,7 @@ "history": [ [ "埃利蒂斯1911～1996年Elytis, Odysseus原名Odysseus Alepoudhelis希腊诗人。出身于克里特一个富裕家庭，1930年代受法国的超现实主义的影响开始发表诗歌，最早的两部诗集表露了他对希腊美景和爱琴海的眷爱。第二次世界大战期间，加入反法西斯的抵抗运动，成为年轻希腊人中稍有名气的诗人。他最着名的诗作为The Axion Esti（1959），后来的作品有《统治者太阳神》（The Sovereign Sun, 1971）和《小水手》（The Little Mariner, 1986）。1979年获诺贝尔奖。\n\n请问埃利蒂斯是什么时候开始发表诗歌的？他受到了哪些主义的影响？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，埃利蒂斯（Odysseus Elytis）在1930年代开始发表诗歌。他的诗歌受到了法国超现实主义的影响。超现实主义是一种将梦幻、神秘和非理性元素融入艺术创作的文学和艺术流派，这对他的创作产生了很大影响。" + "根据提供的信息，埃利蒂斯（Odysseus Elytis）在1930年代开始发表诗歌。他的诗歌受到了法国超现实主义的影响。超现实主义是一种将梦幻、神秘和非理性元素融入艺术创作的文学和艺术流派，这对他的创作产生了很大影响。" ], [ "请列举一下他的一些著名诗作。", @@ -369806,7 +369806,7 @@ "history": [ [ "渗透osmosis水或其他溶剂自发通过或扩散穿过半透膜的过程。如果将溶液和纯溶剂用一块能够透过溶剂，但不能透过溶质的膜分隔开来，溶液趋于通过膜吸收溶剂而变稀。给溶液施加一定压力，称为渗透压，可阻止这个过程。\n\n嗨，请帮我解释一下什么是渗透现象（osmosis）？", - "你好，Human！渗透现象（osmosis）是指水分子或其他小溶剂分子自发地通过一个半透膜由低浓度区域向高浓度区域扩散的过程。在这个过程中，半透膜是一种特殊的膜，它允许溶剂通过但阻止溶质通过。因此，最终使得两侧的溶液的浓度趋于一致。" + "渗透现象（osmosis）是指水分子或其他小溶剂分子自发地通过一个半透膜由低浓度区域向高浓度区域扩散的过程。在这个过程中，半透膜是一种特殊的膜，它允许溶剂通过但阻止溶质通过。因此，最终使得两侧的溶液的浓度趋于一致。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释！那么渗透压是什么呢？", @@ -369970,7 +369970,7 @@ "history": [ [ "曼斯菲尔伯爵1705～1793年Mansfield, Earl of原名William Murray英国法学家。1737年在众议院为商人们请求制止西班牙攻击英国商船发表极具说服力的辩护演说因而声誉鹊起，1756～1788年任王座法院首席法官。从他对叛乱案和诽谤案的审判中，可见他在审判时非常公正超然。他删除过时的商法中烦琐的条文，使商法更连贯一致；又完善了「合同法」，对海商法也有很大的贡献。麦考莱（T B Macaulay）称他为「现代保守主义之父」。\n\n请问，这段话提到了一位名叫William Murray的英国法学家，请问他是否有其他名字？", - "你好，Human。对的，这位英国法学家William Murray还有一个封号，那就是曼斯菲尔伯爵（Earl of Mansfield）。他在英国法律界有着很高的声誉，做出了很多杰出贡献。" + "对的，这位英国法学家William Murray还有一个封号，那就是曼斯菲尔伯爵（Earl of Mansfield）。他在英国法律界有着很高的声誉，做出了很多杰出贡献。" ], [ "请问他的成名演讲是在什么场合发表的，主要达到了什么目的？", @@ -370786,7 +370786,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国本诏书1713年Pragmatic Sanction皇帝查理六世所颁的使哈布斯堡家族诸王国及领地永保统一的命令。其规定，该家族遗产应由长子继承，如无长子，则归长女。1720年在哈布斯堡王国成为法令，查理的后期统治主要是保证该法令被其他欧洲势力接受。他的儿子在出生后不久去世（1716），使他的女儿玛丽亚特蕾西亚成为了继承人。在查理六世去世（1740）后，这一法令引起普鲁士和巴伐利亚的争端，最终导致了奥地利王位继承战争战争。\n\n请问1713年的国本诏书是由哪位皇帝颁布的？", - "你好，Human。1713年的国本诏书，又被称为Pragmatic Sanction，是由查理六世皇帝颁布的。这个诏书的主要目的是保证哈布斯堡家族的诸王国及领地永远保持统一。" + "1713年的国本诏书，又被称为Pragmatic Sanction，是由查理六世皇帝颁布的。这个诏书的主要目的是保证哈布斯堡家族的诸王国及领地永远保持统一。" ], [ "这个诏书具体规定了哪些内容呢？", @@ -370908,7 +370908,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鹤crane鹤形目鹤科十四种体型高大的涉禽。外形与鹭相似但较大，头部分裸露，嘴粗厚，羽衣更致密，后趾较其他趾高。飞行时长颈向前伸，高跷般的长腿向后伸。除南美洲外，分布遍及全世界的沼泽和原野，但许多种群由于狩猎和栖息地被破坏而濒临绝灭。吃各种小型动物以及谷物和嫩草。较熟知的是高鸣鹤和沙丘鹤。\n\n请你告诉我鹤这种鸟的基本特征有哪些？", - "你好，Human。鹤是一种体型高大的涉禽，它的外形与鹭相似但较大，头部分裸露，嘴粗厚，羽衣更为致密，后趾较其他趾高。当它飞行时，会伸展长颈向前，长腿向后伸。这样的特征使得鹤在涉禽中具有较为独特的形态特征。" + "鹤是一种体型高大的涉禽，它的外形与鹭相似但较大，头部分裸露，嘴粗厚，羽衣更为致密，后趾较其他趾高。当它飞行时，会伸展长颈向前，长腿向后伸。这样的特征使得鹤在涉禽中具有较为独特的形态特征。" ], [ "在世界范围内，鹤的分布情况如何？", @@ -371042,7 +371042,7 @@ "history": [ [ "武后625～705年Wu Hou亦作武则天（Wu Zetian）中国唐朝的女皇。武曌一生事业的开端始于担任皇帝唐太宗的嫔妃，但之后她成为太宗之子的配偶。她在清除其他女性的对手后，于西元655年成为皇后。在西元660年前，她藉由撤职、放逐与处决，消灭反对她的人。因为皇帝虚弱多病，武后因而能以皇帝之名进行统治。在皇帝死后，她以其子的名义继续统治；最后在西元690年，她以自己的名号自立为皇帝。为强化其政权，她宣称自己是弥勒佛的化身。虽然她长久以来因其残酷以及维持权力的手段，遭到毁谤，但她支持发展以富于学识的官僚来取代贵族家族进行统治，稳定了王朝。\n\n你好，请问武则天是唐朝的哪位皇帝的嫔妃？", - "你好，Human！武则天最初是唐太宗的嫔妃。后来，她成为了唐太宗之子李治的配偶，并最终成为皇后。在唐朝皇帝虚弱多病的状况下，武后能以皇帝之名进行统治，最终于公元690年自立为皇帝。武则天是中国唐朝的一位非常著名且具有争议的女皇。" + "武则天最初是唐太宗的嫔妃。后来，她成为了唐太宗之子李治的配偶，并最终成为皇后。在唐朝皇帝虚弱多病的状况下，武后能以皇帝之名进行统治，最终于公元690年自立为皇帝。武则天是中国唐朝的一位非常著名且具有争议的女皇。" ], [ "在武后成为皇后之前，她是如何清除其他女性对手的呢？", @@ -371107,7 +371107,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沙龙Salon法国政府主办的官方艺术展览会。创始于1667年，当时路易十四世主办了一个皇家绘画雕塑学院院士的作品展览会。由于作品陈列在罗浮宫内的阿波罗沙龙（阿波罗厅），故袭用了沙龙这个名称。1737年之后沙龙艺术展览会定为每年举行一次。1748年起选择作品实行评定制度。在法国大革命期间，沙龙第一次开放给法国的所有画家，但是学院派在19世纪的大部分时间中仍然左右着绝大多数展览会，及几乎全部的艺术教学。1881年法国艺术家协会成立，沙龙展览改由该协会负责举办；其后前卫派艺术家作品独立展出，日益受到重视，沙龙的影响和声誉即趋衰落。\n\n请问沙龙Salon是什么？", - "你好，Human。沙龙Salon是由法国政府主办的官方艺术展览会。它始创于1667年，当时由路易十四世主办，用于展示皇家绘画雕塑学院院士的作品。因为作品陈列在罗浮宫内的阿波罗沙龙（阿波罗厅），所以袭用了“沙龙”这个名称。后来，沙龙艺术展览会成为了一个定期举行的重要艺术盛事。" + "沙龙Salon是由法国政府主办的官方艺术展览会。它始创于1667年，当时由路易十四世主办，用于展示皇家绘画雕塑学院院士的作品。因为作品陈列在罗浮宫内的阿波罗沙龙（阿波罗厅），所以袭用了“沙龙”这个名称。后来，沙龙艺术展览会成为了一个定期举行的重要艺术盛事。" ], [ "沙龙是每年都举行吗？", @@ -371145,7 +371145,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赫斯1881～1973年Hess, Walter Rudolf瑞士生理学家。1917～1951年在苏黎世大学工作。主要的兴趣在研究控制自主功能（如消化、排泄）的神经，以及相应于这种复杂刺激所引起的一组器官的活动，如压力。他用小电极刺激或破坏猫和狗脑的某些特定部位，把每一种功能的控制中心定位得极精确，只要刺激猫下视丘的某一固定点，就能使猫表现出遇到狗时那样的行为模式。1949年与埃加斯莫尼兹共获诺贝尔医学或生理学奖。\n\n我想了解一下瑞士生理学家瓦尔特·鲁道夫·赫斯的研究成果。", - "你好，Human。瓦尔特·鲁道夫·赫斯是一位著名的瑞士生理学家，他在20世纪初主要关注的研究领域是神经生理学。他在这个领域取得了很多显著的成就，尤其是在探索控制自主功能（如消化、排泄）的神经系统方面。他使用微型电极刺激或破坏动物（主要是猫和狗）大脑的某些特定部位，成功地将功能控制中心精确地定位在相应脑区。因为他的这些突破性研究，他在1949年与埃加斯·莫尼兹共同获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。" + "瓦尔特·鲁道夫·赫斯是一位著名的瑞士生理学家，他在20世纪初主要关注的研究领域是神经生理学。他在这个领域取得了很多显著的成就，尤其是在探索控制自主功能（如消化、排泄）的神经系统方面。他使用微型电极刺激或破坏动物（主要是猫和狗）大脑的某些特定部位，成功地将功能控制中心精确地定位在相应脑区。因为他的这些突破性研究，他在1949年与埃加斯·莫尼兹共同获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。" ], [ "那么赫斯到底是怎么实现对猫的行为模式控制的呢？", @@ -371436,7 +371436,7 @@ "history": [ [ "睡莲water lily睡莲科淡水植物的统称，有八属，原产于温带和热带。除仅见于亚洲的芡实属（Euryale）外皆多年生。多数种具圆形飘浮叶，叶表面具蜡质，柄长，内有气隙，由肥厚、肉质、匍匐于水下泥中的地下茎上生出。有的具沈水叶。单花顶生，色艳丽，着生于从地下茎生出的长柄上。花杯状，花瓣多数，螺旋排列。有些种的花仅于晨昏开放。多数种具多数雄蕊。果实坚果状或浆果状。有的果实在水下成熟，裂开或腐烂后种子飘走或沈没于水中。睡莲属（Nymphaea）约三十五种。北美白睡莲（N odorata，即香睡莲）于幼嫩时具淡红色叶，花大、芳香。埃及蓝睡莲（N caerulea）常出现于古埃及艺术作品中。最大的睡莲科植物为产于热带南美洲的王莲属（Victoria），共两种︰亚马逊王莲（V amazonica，前称V regia）及巴拉那王莲（V cruziana），叶均为浅盘状，直径60～180公分，叶脉粗壮，叶缘向上翻卷，故俗称水盆。睡莲为鱼和野生动物提供食物。但因生长迅速，有时会引起影响排水。常栽培于花园池塘中和温室，用作观赏植物，并培养出很多变种。\n\n请问睡莲是什么植物？", - "你好，Human！睡莲是一种睡莲科的淡水植物，共有八个属，原产于温带和热带地区。它们大多是多年生植物，拥有圆形飘浮叶，叶表面具有蜡质。这些植物的叶柄较长，茎部膨大，肉质而匍匐于水下泥中。睡莲的花朵非常美丽，通常生长在地下茎上的长柄。其中，睡莲属（Nymphaea）约有35种。" + "睡莲是一种睡莲科的淡水植物，共有八个属，原产于温带和热带地区。它们大多是多年生植物，拥有圆形飘浮叶，叶表面具有蜡质。这些植物的叶柄较长，茎部膨大，肉质而匍匐于水下泥中。睡莲的花朵非常美丽，通常生长在地下茎上的长柄。其中，睡莲属（Nymphaea）约有35种。" ], [ "睡莲都有哪些特点？", @@ -371852,7 +371852,7 @@ "history": [ [ "口技ventriloquism使人听起来好像声音来自远方或另一人的发声技巧。口技历史悠久。雅典的欧里克莱斯是希腊最着名的口技艺人。祖鲁人、毛利人和爱斯基摩人都擅长口技。口技在今欧洲和美国也是受人喜爱的娱乐节目。有名的口技艺人有美国的伯根和法国的拉穆雷。\n\n你好，请问口技是怎样的一种技巧？", - "你好，Human！口技，又称ventriloquism，是一种让人听起来好像声音来自远方或另一个人的发声技巧。表演者通过控制自己的发声器官，让嘴巴和嘴唇的动作最小化，制造出一种声音似乎来自别处的效果。这项技艺在世界各地都有悠久的历史，成为许多民族和地区的传统表演形式。" + "口技，又称ventriloquism，是一种让人听起来好像声音来自远方或另一个人的发声技巧。表演者通过控制自己的发声器官，让嘴巴和嘴唇的动作最小化，制造出一种声音似乎来自别处的效果。这项技艺在世界各地都有悠久的历史，成为许多民族和地区的传统表演形式。" ], [ "历史上有哪些著名的口技表演者？", @@ -371936,7 +371936,7 @@ "history": [ [ "登京格诺尔盖1914～1986年Tenzing Norgay尼泊尔雪巴人登山者。在与希拉里爵士合作之前，他曾参与许多登山探险队的工作。1953年登京格诺尔盖和希拉里一起首次登上埃佛勒斯峰最高峰。作为一名佛教徒，他还在埃佛勒斯峰祭祀神灵。\n\n你好，请问登京格诺尔盖是谁？", - "你好，Human！登京格诺尔盖，即Tenzing Norgay，是尼泊尔的一位著名雪巴人登山者。他在1953年和埃德蒙·希拉里爵士一起成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰（又称埃佛勒斯峰），成为首次登上世界最高峰的人。在此之前，登京格诺尔盖曾参与了许多登山探险队的工作，积累了丰富的登山经验。" + "登京格诺尔盖，即Tenzing Norgay，是尼泊尔的一位著名雪巴人登山者。他在1953年和埃德蒙·希拉里爵士一起成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰（又称埃佛勒斯峰），成为首次登上世界最高峰的人。在此之前，登京格诺尔盖曾参与了许多登山探险队的工作，积累了丰富的登山经验。" ], [ "登京格诺尔盖在登顶珠穆朗玛峰时有什么特殊的举动吗？", @@ -372899,7 +372899,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沃斯通克拉夫特1759～1797年Wollstonecraft, Mary英国作家。曾任教职、女家庭教师及为伦敦出版商工作。1797年与戈德温结婚。在她三十八岁时生下第二个女儿玛丽后去世。以热诚争取妇女平等的教育机会和社会地位而闻名。她的早期着作《论妇女教育》（1787）为其论妇女在社会中的地位的成熟作品《为女权辩护》（1792）的先声。\n\n请问你能向我介绍一下英国作家玛丽·沃尔斯通克拉夫特的生平和主要成就吗？", - "当然可以，Human！玛丽·沃尔斯通克拉夫特（1759-1797）是一位英国作家，她致力于争取妇女平等的教育机会和社会地位。在她的职业生涯中，她曾担任过教师、女家庭教师以及为伦敦的出版商工作。1797年，她与哲学家威廉·戈德温结婚，同年生下第二个女儿玛丽后去世，时年仅38岁。她的早期作品《论妇女教育》是她关于妇女地位的代表作《为女权辩护》的前奏。在这些作品中，她呼吁改革妇女的教育制度，并使她们获得平等的教育机会。这些作品被认为是耀眼的成就，为后来的女权主义运动做出了重要贡献。" + "玛丽·沃尔斯通克拉夫特（1759-1797）是一位英国作家，她致力于争取妇女平等的教育机会和社会地位。在她的职业生涯中，她曾担任过教师、女家庭教师以及为伦敦的出版商工作。1797年，她与哲学家威廉·戈德温结婚，同年生下第二个女儿玛丽后去世，时年仅38岁。她的早期作品《论妇女教育》是她关于妇女地位的代表作《为女权辩护》的前奏。在这些作品中，她呼吁改革妇女的教育制度，并使她们获得平等的教育机会。这些作品被认为是耀眼的成就，为后来的女权主义运动做出了重要贡献。" ], [ "关于她的作品《为女权辩护》，能简要介绍一下她提出的观点和主张吗？", @@ -373202,7 +373202,7 @@ "history": [ [ "白俄罗斯语Belarusian language亦作Belarusan language或Byelorussian language或Belorussian language属于东斯拉夫语支，全世界有1,020万人讲此种语言。从14世纪起，教会的斯拉夫文手稿中开始出现白俄罗斯语的特征（参阅Old Church Slavonic language）。15～16世纪时，立陶宛大公国所用的官方语言就包含了相当多白俄罗斯语的要素，与教会的斯拉夫语、乌克兰语和波兰语混杂在一起。到了20世纪初才把它当作一种现代的文学语言，以前的白俄罗斯语是不够精致的，当时才建立起用西里尔字母书写的表音规则。长期以来它一直在为对抗俄罗斯语、保存自己而奋斗，尤其是在白俄罗斯的城市中心地区，那里已经高度俄罗斯化和白俄罗斯语-俄语双语化。\n\n请问白俄罗斯语属于哪个语言分支？", - "你好，Human！白俄罗斯语属于东斯拉夫语支。东斯拉夫语支是一组斯拉夫语言的分类，共同拥有一些语法和词汇特征。这个问题的答案能帮助你了解白俄罗斯语在语言学上的分类位置。" + "白俄罗斯语属于东斯拉夫语支。东斯拉夫语支是一组斯拉夫语言的分类，共同拥有一些语法和词汇特征。这个问题的答案能帮助你了解白俄罗斯语在语言学上的分类位置。" ], [ "有多少人讲白俄罗斯语呢？", @@ -373332,7 +373332,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣利奥一世400?～461年Leo I, St别名Leo the Great教宗（440～461）。他是正统观念的拥护者和教会的学者。当君士坦丁堡的修士优迪克宣称耶稣基督只有单一神性时，利奥撰写了《大卷》，确立了基督的人、神二性共存。利奥的教义被卡尔西顿会议（451）接受，并认为他阐述的是最终真理。利奥巧妙处理了野蛮部落的入侵，劝服匈奴人不要进攻罗马（452），以及汪达尔人不要掳掠这个城市（455）。\n\n你好，请根据上述信息简单介绍一下圣利奥一世。", - "你好，Human！圣利奥一世（St. Leo the Great）是一位教宗，他在公元440年至461年间担任这一角色。作为一名正统观念的拥护者和教会的学者，他在基督教教义方面取得了显著成就。他撰写了《大卷》，强调基督的人性和神性共存。此外，在卡尔西顿会议（451）上，圣利奥的教义得到了认可，被认为是最终真理。他还睿智地处理了野蛮部落的入侵问题，并成功说服匈奴人于452年撤离罗马，以及汪达尔人在455年不对罗马进行掠夺。" + "圣利奥一世（St. Leo the Great）是一位教宗，他在公元440年至461年间担任这一角色。作为一名正统观念的拥护者和教会的学者，他在基督教教义方面取得了显著成就。他撰写了《大卷》，强调基督的人性和神性共存。此外，在卡尔西顿会议（451）上，圣利奥的教义得到了认可，被认为是最终真理。他还睿智地处理了野蛮部落的入侵问题，并成功说服匈奴人于452年撤离罗马，以及汪达尔人在455年不对罗马进行掠夺。" ], [ "请解释一下优迪克的观点以及圣利奥一世是如何反驳的。", @@ -373382,7 +373382,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴特勒1902～1982年Butler, R(ichard) A(usten)受封为（萨弗伦沃尔登的）巴特勒男爵（Baron Butler (of Saffron Walden)）英国政治人物。别名\"Rab\" Butler，1929年当选为下院议员，1930年代任职保守党政府。在教育大臣任内通过「教育法」（1944），设立免费中等教育。1945年托利党竞选失败，他协助改造保守党，担任党魁（1955～1961）。1951～1955年任财政大臣，1957～1962年任内政大臣，1963～1964年任外交大臣。\n\n请问R.A.巴特勒是什么时候成为英国政治家的？", - "你好，Human。R.A.巴特勒在1929年当选为英国下议院议员，从此开始了他的政治生涯。他后来在1930年代任职保守党政府，逐渐成为英国的一名重要政治人物。" + "R.A.巴特勒在1929年当选为英国下议院议员，从此开始了他的政治生涯。他后来在1930年代任职保守党政府，逐渐成为英国的一名重要政治人物。" ], [ "他在教育方面有什么重要政策吗？", @@ -373481,7 +373481,7 @@ "history": [ [ "刺鱍wahoo鲈形目鲭科迅猛掠食性食用鱼和游钓鱼，学名为Acanthocybium solanderi。世界性分布，尤见于热带。体细长，流线形。具锐牙的两颚呈喙状，体后部渐尖，尾柄细长，尾鳍新月形。体上侧灰蓝色，下侧色淡。具一列垂直的带斑，背、臀鳍后各有一行小鳍，类似有亲缘关系的金枪鱼。最大的可长达18公尺，重达55公斤。\n\n我想了解一下刺鱍鱼在生态系统中的地位。", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，刺鱍（学名：Acanthocybium solanderi）是一种迅猛掠食性的食用鱼，属于鲈形目鲭科。它们在生态系统中的地位较高，因为它们具有强烈的捕食能力，能够对其他小型鱼类和无脊椎动物进行捕食。它们的存在有助于维持海洋生态系统的稳定和食物链的平衡。" + "根据提供的信息，刺鱍（学名：Acanthocybium solanderi）是一种迅猛掠食性的食用鱼，属于鲈形目鲭科。它们在生态系统中的地位较高，因为它们具有强烈的捕食能力，能够对其他小型鱼类和无脊椎动物进行捕食。它们的存在有助于维持海洋生态系统的稳定和食物链的平衡。" ], [ "刺鱍鱼的分布范围是什么样的？", @@ -373675,7 +373675,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瓦塞赤岭Wasatch Mountains美国落矶山脉中南段。从爱达荷州东南向南延伸至犹他州中北部，绵亘400公里。最高峰为廷帕诺戈斯峰（3,660公尺）。境内廷帕诺戈斯洞窟国家保护区。当地经济以采矿和旅游业为主。\n\n请问瓦塞赤岭Wasatch Mountains属于哪个国家的哪个山脉？", - "你好，Human！瓦塞赤岭（Wasatch Mountains）属于美国的落矶山脉中南段。这个山脉从爱达荷州东南向南延伸至犹他州中北部，绵亘约400公里。这里是美国犹他州和爱达荷州的重要自然景观。" + "瓦塞赤岭（Wasatch Mountains）属于美国的落矶山脉中南段。这个山脉从爱达荷州东南向南延伸至犹他州中北部，绵亘约400公里。这里是美国犹他州和爱达荷州的重要自然景观。" ], [ "瓦塞赤岭最高的山峰是哪个？", @@ -373957,7 +373957,7 @@ "history": [ [ "锉刀file金属加工用淬钢制工具。呈条状或棒状，纵面上隆起许多细小切削刃，用来使制品尤其是金属制品磨光或成形。其切削或磨光一般是手工操作，在工件上摩擦而成。齿形一般有三种︰单刃、双刃及粗锉。单刃锉工作面上有平行齿列对角排开；双刃锉工作面上齿列交叉排开；粗锉齿顶稍钝，齿隙较大。粗锉往往很粗糙，主要用于木材和各种软材料的加工。\n\n请问锉刀是什么？", - "你好，Human！锉刀是一种金属加工用的淬钢制工具，呈条状或棒状。其特点是纵面上隆起许多细小切削刃，用来使制品，尤其是金属制品，磨光或成形。锉刀的使用通常是手工操作，通过在工件上进行摩擦以达到切削或磨光的目的。" + "锉刀是一种金属加工用的淬钢制工具，呈条状或棒状。其特点是纵面上隆起许多细小切削刃，用来使制品，尤其是金属制品，磨光或成形。锉刀的使用通常是手工操作，通过在工件上进行摩擦以达到切削或磨光的目的。" ], [ "锉刀有哪些分类？", @@ -373976,7 +373976,7 @@ "history": [ [ "钙calcium元素周期表IIa主族碱土金属元素，化学符号Ca，原子序数20。为人体内含量最多的金属元素，存在于骨骼和牙齿之中，具有许多功能（参阅calcium deficiency）。在地壳中的丰度占第五位，但在自然界不能以游离状态存在。钙以方解石（碳酸钙）的形式存在于石灰岩、白垩、大理石、白云石、蛋壳、珍珠、珊瑚、钟乳石、石笋和许多海洋动物的壳体中。在自然界以磷灰石矿形式存在，还存在于许多其他矿物中。可作为合金添加剂和应用在其他冶金方面。与铅组成的合金可用作电话电缆包皮和蓄电池铅板。碳酸钙可作为石灰的来源、填料、中和剂和混合剂。合成的碳酸钙常用于纯度要求很高的医药上（抗酸剂、饮食补充钙、牙膏）和食物中（作发酵粉）以及实验室化学合成等。加水后的氧化钙（又称石灰或生石灰）和其产品，以及氢氧化钙在工业应用上很重要。其他重要的化合物包括氯化钙（干燥剂）、次氯酸钙（漂白剂）、硫酸钙（石膏、熟石膏），以及磷酸钙（主要用作植物养料和塑胶稳定剂）。\n\n你好，请问钙是什么类型的元素？", - "你好，Human！钙（化学符号Ca，原子序数20）是一种IIa主族碱土金属元素。这类元素通常具有两个价电子并且具有较高的反应活性，这也使得钙在自然界中不能以游离状态存在。请问还有什么问题我可以为您解答的？" + "钙（化学符号Ca，原子序数20）是一种IIa主族碱土金属元素。这类元素通常具有两个价电子并且具有较高的反应活性，这也使得钙在自然界中不能以游离状态存在。请问还有什么问题我可以为您解答的？" ], [ "钙在人体中的作用是什么？", @@ -374037,7 +374037,7 @@ "history": [ [ "工厂化饲养factory farming现代化动物饲养系统，目的在最少的时间与空间，尽可能生产最多的肉、奶、蛋。这个词通常由动物权行动人士使用，描述美国标准的饲养做法。经常喂食动物吃生长激素、喷洒杀虫剂，并喂食抗生素减轻因为拥挤的饲养环境而恶化的寄生虫与疾病问题。鸡只一辈子就挤在窄小的鸡笼里，紧密的程度连转身都办不到，鸡笼高高堆叠起来。为了得到最多的蛋，「昼」与「夜」长度由人工控制。小牛终其一生在狭窄的牛棚，几乎无法移动。这些做法长久以来饱受批评。\n\n我在上面的信息里看到了关于工厂化饲养的描述，我有几个问题想请教你，可以吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以，请随时告诉我你的问题，我会尽我所能帮助你解答。" + "当然可以，请随时告诉我你的问题，我会尽我所能帮助你解答。" ], [ "请问工厂化饲养的主要目的是什么？", @@ -374318,7 +374318,7 @@ "history": [ [ "限武谈判SALT全名限制战略武器谈判（Strategic Arms Limitation Talks）美国与苏联间为了削减生产战略核导弹的谈判。第一轮谈判开始于1969年，达成了反弹道飞弹规范和冻结洲际导弹及水下发送导弹的条约，1972年由布里兹涅夫和尼克森签定。第二轮谈判（限武谈判二，1972～1979）的基本问题是双方的力量不均问题，后达成限制战略导弹发射器的协定（参阅MIRV），由布里兹涅夫和卡特签定。虽然美国国会从未正式通过这一协定，但双方仍遵守协定的规定。后来的谈判都称为裁减战略武器谈判。亦请参阅intermediate-range nuclear weapons、Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty。\n\n关于限武谈判SALT，能否给我简单介绍一下？", - "你好，Human！限武谈判SALT，全名为“限制战略武器谈判”（Strategic Arms Limitation Talks），是美国与苏联之间的一系列谈判，旨在削减生产战略核导弹。第一轮谈判始于1969年，达成了反弹道飞弹规范和冻结洲际导弹及水下发送导弹的条约，1972年由布里兹涅夫和尼克森签定。第二轮谈判（限武谈判二，1972～1979）的基本问题是双方的力量不均问题，后达成限制战略导弹发射器的协定（参阅MIRV），由布里兹涅夫和卡特签定。虽然美国国会从未正式通过这一协定，但双方仍遵守协定的规定。后来的谈判都称为裁减战略武器谈判。这项谈判起到了缓和美苏两国间紧张关系的作用。" + "限武谈判SALT，全名为“限制战略武器谈判”（Strategic Arms Limitation Talks），是美国与苏联之间的一系列谈判，旨在削减生产战略核导弹。第一轮谈判始于1969年，达成了反弹道飞弹规范和冻结洲际导弹及水下发送导弹的条约，1972年由布里兹涅夫和尼克森签定。第二轮谈判（限武谈判二，1972～1979）的基本问题是双方的力量不均问题，后达成限制战略导弹发射器的协定（参阅MIRV），由布里兹涅夫和卡特签定。虽然美国国会从未正式通过这一协定，但双方仍遵守协定的规定。后来的谈判都称为裁减战略武器谈判。这项谈判起到了缓和美苏两国间紧张关系的作用。" ], [ "那么反弹道飞弹规范有哪些内容呢？", @@ -374619,7 +374619,7 @@ "history": [ [ "貘tapir奇蹄目貘科貘属现存4种有蹄类动物的统称，体笨重，奇蹄，体长18～25公尺，肩高约1公尺。耳短，腿短，肉质的吻部悬垂于上唇上面。足有3趾。体毛通常短而稀疏，但有两种则有短而硬的鬃毛。马来貘（T indicus，即印度貘）头、肩和腿黑色，臀、背和腹部白色。中美洲唯一的种和南美的两个种貘则通体褐色或灰色。貘生活在森林或沼泽深处。\n\n你好，请问貘是什么样的动物？", - "你好，Human！貘是奇蹄目貘科貘属的一类现存有蹄类动物，它们有着笨重的身躯，奇蹄，体长在18至25米之间，肩高大约1米。貘还有短耳朵、短腿和悬垂于上唇上方的肉质吻部。它们的足有3趾，体毛通常短而稀疏，但有两种貘则具有短而硬的鬃毛。这样的特征使得貘成为一种独特的动物。" + "貘是奇蹄目貘科貘属的一类现存有蹄类动物，它们有着笨重的身躯，奇蹄，体长在18至25米之间，肩高大约1米。貘还有短耳朵、短腿和悬垂于上唇上方的肉质吻部。它们的足有3趾，体毛通常短而稀疏，但有两种貘则具有短而硬的鬃毛。这样的特征使得貘成为一种独特的动物。" ], [ "那么貘有哪些种类呢？", @@ -374661,7 +374661,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国际风格International Style1920年代和1930年代在欧洲和美国发展起来的建筑风格，该风格在20世纪中期成为西方建筑的主导趋势。「国际风格」一词为希区考克（Henry-Russell Hitchcock）和约翰逊（Philip Johnson）于1932年所创，见于两人合着的《国际风格︰1922年以来的建筑》（The International Style: Architecture Since 1922），该书是现代艺术博物馆举办的建筑展览会中的手册。最普遍的特征为︰直线形、毫无图案装饰的光平表面、宽敞的室内空间、大量采用，玻璃、钢铁及钢筋混凝土。主要人物包括德国和美国的格罗皮厄斯、密斯范德罗厄和法国的科比意。亦请参阅Bauhaus。\n\n请问国际风格（International Style）的建筑风格是什么时候发展起来的？", - "你好，Human! 国际风格的建筑风格主要发展于1920年代和1930年代。起初流行于欧洲和美国，其后在20世纪中期成为西方建筑的主导趋势。" + "国际风格的建筑风格主要发展于1920年代和1930年代。起初流行于欧洲和美国，其后在20世纪中期成为西方建筑的主导趋势。" ], [ "国际风格这个名字的由来是什么？", @@ -375012,7 +375012,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡曾贝Kazembe中非隆达帝国最大也是组织得最好的王国（参阅Luba-Lunda states）。卡曾贝在它权力的高峰时期（1800?），曾占领了大片领土，包括现在的刚果民主共和国（萨伊）的萨巴地区和尚比亚的北部地区。1740年左右由来自隆达西部的探险者们建立，通过兼并邻国的领土而变得强大起来，成为非洲内陆与葡萄牙人和阿拉伯人在东海岸地区的重要贸易中心。1850年开始内战，1890年前后该王国被毁。\n\n请问卡曾贝是在什么时候达到权力的高峰？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，卡曾贝王国在大约1800年左右达到了权力的高峰。在那个时期，它成功占领了大片领土，包括现在的刚果民主共和国的萨巴地区和尚比亚的北部地区。" + "根据提供的信息，卡曾贝王国在大约1800年左右达到了权力的高峰。在那个时期，它成功占领了大片领土，包括现在的刚果民主共和国的萨巴地区和尚比亚的北部地区。" ], [ "卡曾贝最初是如何建立起来的？", @@ -375035,7 +375035,7 @@ "history": [ [ "维斯太Vesta古罗马宗教所祀奉的女灶神，相当于希腊宗教的赫斯提。早期因珍视永不熄灭的灶火，各家各户一起礼拜她。对于维斯太的国家崇拜很隆重。她在罗马的庙中灶火长燃，由维斯太贞女照料。此火每年3月1日由官家派人熄灭再重燃。此火若在其他时间熄灭，罗马将要遭受灾祸。\n\n根据这段信息，维斯太是古罗马的哪位神？", - "你好，Human！根据这段信息，维斯太是古罗马宗教所敬奉的女灶神。她在希腊宗教中的对应神祇是赫斯提。维斯太主要与永不熄灭的灶火有关，人们为了表示对她的崇拜，将各家各户的灶火之力集结起来为她祈福。" + "根据这段信息，维斯太是古罗马宗教所敬奉的女灶神。她在希腊宗教中的对应神祇是赫斯提。维斯太主要与永不熄灭的灶火有关，人们为了表示对她的崇拜，将各家各户的灶火之力集结起来为她祈福。" ], [ "为什么古罗马人会将维斯太视为如此重要的神祇？", @@ -375157,7 +375157,7 @@ "history": [ [ "粗面岩trachyte浅色、极细粒的喷出岩，主要由碱性长石构成，还含有少量铁镁质矿物（黑云母、普通角闪石或辉石）。粗面岩一般存在于火山区；与许多火山岩一样，显示出由于凝固中的熔岩的流动而造成的条纹状或带状构造。\n\n请你简单地给我解释一下什么是粗面岩（trachyte）？", - "你好，Human！粗面岩（trachyte）是一种浅色且极细粒的喷出岩。它主要由碱性长石构成，并含有少量铁镁质矿物，如黑云母、普通角闪石或辉石。这种岩石通常存在于火山区，并具有类似于其他火山岩的特征，例如由于凝固中的熔岩流动而形成的条纹状或带状构造。" + "粗面岩（trachyte）是一种浅色且极细粒的喷出岩。它主要由碱性长石构成，并含有少量铁镁质矿物，如黑云母、普通角闪石或辉石。这种岩石通常存在于火山区，并具有类似于其他火山岩的特征，例如由于凝固中的熔岩流动而形成的条纹状或带状构造。" ], [ "请问粗面岩有什么用途？", @@ -375493,7 +375493,7 @@ "history": [ [ "四方院子quadrangle全部或部分围有学校建筑或民用建筑的院子，常铺有草地或按庭园布置。原为修道院中供默祷、学习或休息的地方，后为学院所沿用。以英国牛津大学和剑桥大学的四方院子最为着名。牛津大学新学院的四方院子一部分建筑（1386年完成）被连接起来组成一个统一的整体。\n\n能否给我简要解释一下四方院子的定义？", - "你好，Human！四方院子（quadrangle）是指部分或全部被学校建筑或民用建筑围成的宽阔院子。这类院子通常铺有草地或按庭园的方式进行布置。它起源于修道院，用作默祷、学习或休息的场所。后来，这一概念逐渐被学院所采用。英国牛津大学和剑桥大学的四方院子尤为著名。例如牛津大学的新学院，有一部分建筑在1386年完成后被连接起来，组成了一个统一的四方院子建筑群。" + "四方院子（quadrangle）是指部分或全部被学校建筑或民用建筑围成的宽阔院子。这类院子通常铺有草地或按庭园的方式进行布置。它起源于修道院，用作默祷、学习或休息的场所。后来，这一概念逐渐被学院所采用。英国牛津大学和剑桥大学的四方院子尤为著名。例如牛津大学的新学院，有一部分建筑在1386年完成后被连接起来，组成了一个统一的四方院子建筑群。" ], [ "英国牛津大学和剑桥大学的四方院子在建筑风格方面有什么特点呢？", @@ -375584,7 +375584,7 @@ "history": [ [ "舍赫sheikh操阿拉伯语的部落（尤指贝都因人）中家族的男性长者，同时也是构成整个部落组织的较大的社会单位的首领。舍赫由部落中的年长者组成的非正式委员会协助。这个词还可作为尊敬的名称或头衔，或是任命宗教权威。\n\n你好，请问什么是舍赫（Sheikh）？", - "你好，Human。舍赫是阿拉伯语的一个词，它在阿拉伯部落（尤指贝都因人）中指的是家族的男性长者。舍赫也是部落组织中较大的社会单位的首领。在部落中，舍赫由年长者组成的非正式委员会协助。此外，这个词还可以作为尊敬的名称或头衔，或是任命宗教权威。" + "舍赫是阿拉伯语的一个词，它在阿拉伯部落（尤指贝都因人）中指的是家族的男性长者。舍赫也是部落组织中较大的社会单位的首领。在部落中，舍赫由年长者组成的非正式委员会协助。此外，这个词还可以作为尊敬的名称或头衔，或是任命宗教权威。" ], [ "舍赫的作用和职责是什么？", @@ -375660,7 +375660,7 @@ "history": [ [ "梅铎1931年～Murdoch, (Keith) Rupert澳大利亚出生的美国报纸发行人和媒体业者。是一位知名战地记者和新闻工作者的儿子。1954年他继承了两家阿得雷德报纸，通过重点报导犯罪、性、丑闻、体育和人情味的故事使销量猛增，但其却保持十分保守的编辑姿态。通过这种方式，他的全球媒体控股公司在澳大利亚，英国和美国收购的报纸都获得飞速发展。他还接手了传统而受人尊重的报纸，包括伦敦泰晤士报。1980年代和1990年代，他将业务扩展到书籍和电子产品出版、电视广播、电影和电视制作上。他的控股公司包括了《纽约邮报》、福斯公司（参阅Fox Broadcasting Company）、哈泼－柯林斯出版公司、英国天空广播公司、卫星电视台（一个在亚洲广泛播放的电视系统）和洛杉矶道奇棒球队。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我梅铎的生平和成就吗？", - "你好，Human! 梅铎，全名Keith Rupert Murdoch，1931年出生于澳大利亚，是一位著名的美国报纸发行商和媒体业者。他的父亲是知名战地记者和新闻工作者。1954年，梅铎继承了两家阿得雷德报纸。为了增加销量，他主张在报纸中大量报道犯罪、性、丑闻、体育和人情味的故事，同时保持保守的编辑姿态。借此成功模式，他的全球媒体控股公司在澳大利亚、英国和美国收购的报纸都获得了飞速发展。梅铎还接手了许多传统而受人尊敬的报纸，比如伦敦泰晤士报。在1980和1990年代，他将业务扩展到书籍和电子产品出版、电视广播、电影和电视制作领域。他的控股公司包括《纽约邮报》、福斯公司、哈泼－柯林斯出版公司、英国天空广播公司、卫星电视台等。" + "梅铎，全名Keith Rupert Murdoch，1931年出生于澳大利亚，是一位著名的美国报纸发行商和媒体业者。他的父亲是知名战地记者和新闻工作者。1954年，梅铎继承了两家阿得雷德报纸。为了增加销量，他主张在报纸中大量报道犯罪、性、丑闻、体育和人情味的故事，同时保持保守的编辑姿态。借此成功模式，他的全球媒体控股公司在澳大利亚、英国和美国收购的报纸都获得了飞速发展。梅铎还接手了许多传统而受人尊敬的报纸，比如伦敦泰晤士报。在1980和1990年代，他将业务扩展到书籍和电子产品出版、电视广播、电影和电视制作领域。他的控股公司包括《纽约邮报》、福斯公司、哈泼－柯林斯出版公司、英国天空广播公司、卫星电视台等。" ], [ "为什么梅铎选择报道犯罪、性、丑闻等故事，这样做是不是损害了新闻的公信力？", @@ -375799,7 +375799,7 @@ "history": [ [ "侯麦1920年～Rohmer, Eric原名Jean-Marie-Maurice Scherer法国电影导演。曾任学校教员，1950年成为《电影报》的创刊编辑。后担任有影响力的新浪潮期刊《电影笔记》的编辑（1957～1963）。在执导了几部短片之后，侯麦拍摄了一系列道德剧情片，其中包括成功之作《莫德家一夜》（1968）、《克莱儿之膝》（1970）和《午后之恋》（1972），都是对浪漫爱情进行深入观察后的探讨。之后的影片包括《O女侯爵》（1976）、《巴黎的满月》（1984）和《秋日传说》（1999）。\n\n你好，根据上面给出的信息，请介绍一下侯麦这位导演的主要成就和代表作吧。", - "你好，Human。侯麦（Eric Rohmer），原名Jean-Marie-Maurice Scherer，是一位法国电影导演。他曾在1950年成为《电影报》的创刊编辑，后来在1957-1963年间担任有影响力的新浪潮期刊《电影笔记》的编辑。他通过执导一系列道德剧情片，对浪漫爱情进行了深入观察和探讨。他的代表作品有《莫德家一夜》（1968）、《克莱儿之膝》（1970）和《午后之恋》（1972），这些作品在电影领域都取得了成功。他之后的作品还包括《O女侯爵》（1976）、《巴黎的满月》（1984）和《秋日传说》（1999）。" + "侯麦（Eric Rohmer），原名Jean-Marie-Maurice Scherer，是一位法国电影导演。他曾在1950年成为《电影报》的创刊编辑，后来在1957-1963年间担任有影响力的新浪潮期刊《电影笔记》的编辑。他通过执导一系列道德剧情片，对浪漫爱情进行了深入观察和探讨。他的代表作品有《莫德家一夜》（1968）、《克莱儿之膝》（1970）和《午后之恋》（1972），这些作品在电影领域都取得了成功。他之后的作品还包括《O女侯爵》（1976）、《巴黎的满月》（1984）和《秋日传说》（1999）。" ], [ "谢谢你的详细介绍，请告诉我侯麦在新浪潮电影运动中的地位和影响。", @@ -376050,7 +376050,7 @@ "history": [ [ "屠格涅夫1818～1883年Turgenev, Ivan (Sergeyevich)俄国小说家、诗人和剧作家。在柏林大学读书时就认识到西方的优越性和俄国进行现代化的必要性。约1862年后居住在欧洲。其作品以对俄国农民的写实和充满感情的刻画，以及对试图将国家推进到一个新时代的俄国知识分子的敏锐观察而着名。其最着名的作品包括《多余人日记》（1850），对19世纪俄国文学界意志薄弱的一般知识阶级冠以「多余的人」的称呼。他因短篇小说连环《猎人日记》（1852）博得名声，批判了农奴制。其戏剧代表作是《村居一月》，小说《罗亭》（1856）随后出版。他对改变和两代人之间的差距的兴趣反映在《前夜》（1860）和富有争议性的《父与子》（1862）。他最伟大的小说《烟》（1867）对学术界的左翼和右翼都进行了批判和嘲笑。后来的《草原上的李尔王》（1870）和《春潮》（1872）将流畅的回忆同半幻想性相结合，而《处女地》（1877）则集中描写民粹派人士希望在农民中间播下革命的种子。\n\n你好，请问你能简单介绍一下俄国作家屠格涅夫吗？", - "你好，Human! 屠格涅夫（Ivan Turgenev）是19世纪俄国的一位著名作家，生活在1818年至1883年。他是一位小说家、诗人和剧作家。曾在柏林大学学习，他意识到了西方的先进性和俄国现代化的必要性。大约从1862年开始，他居住在欧洲。他的作品以对俄国农民的写实和充满情感的刻画，以及对试图将国家推进到一个新时代的俄国知识分子的敏锐观察而著称。" + "屠格涅夫（Ivan Turgenev）是19世纪俄国的一位著名作家，生活在1818年至1883年。他是一位小说家、诗人和剧作家。曾在柏林大学学习，他意识到了西方的先进性和俄国现代化的必要性。大约从1862年开始，他居住在欧洲。他的作品以对俄国农民的写实和充满情感的刻画，以及对试图将国家推进到一个新时代的俄国知识分子的敏锐观察而著称。" ], [ "屠格涅夫的著名作品有哪些？", @@ -376092,7 +376092,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴黎歌剧院Paris Opera法语作Opéra Garnier位于巴黎的歌剧院，由加尼埃（C Garnier, 1825～1898）设计。这座耗资巨大的建筑始建于1861年，1875年开放，被认为是美术风格的经典之作。其平面图和它的外观一样精细，内部为一巨大的环行空间，包括一座豪华的楼梯和许多装潢华丽的楼座、大厅以及走廊。既是一个可供参观的地方，同时也是上演精彩表演之地。\n\n请问巴黎歌剧院（Paris Opera）是由谁设计的？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，巴黎歌剧院是由加尼埃（C Garnier，1825～1898）设计的。他是一位著名的法国建筑师，这座歌剧院被认为是美术风格的经典之作。" + "根据你提供的信息，巴黎歌剧院是由加尼埃（C Garnier，1825～1898）设计的。他是一位著名的法国建筑师，这座歌剧院被认为是美术风格的经典之作。" ], [ "那巴黎歌剧院是什么时候开始建的呢？它耗资多么巨大？", @@ -376409,7 +376409,7 @@ "history": [ [ "史坦贝克1902～1968年Steinbeck, John (Ernst)美国小说家。在其作品取得成功之前，曾断断续续就读于史丹福大学，同时从事体力劳动谋生。一生大部分时间在加州的蒙特里（Monterey）度过。其声誉主要建立在1930年代创作的无产阶级题材的自然主义小说之上，包括《托蒂亚平地》（1935；1942年拍成电影）、《胜负未决的战斗》（1936）、《人鼠之间》（1937；1939年拍成电影）以及颇获好评的《愤怒的葡萄》（1939，获普立兹奖；1940年拍成电影），该书唤起了人们对飘泊不定的农业工人悲惨命运的普遍同情。第二次世界大战期间担任战地记者。后期小说有：《罐头厂街》（1945；1982年拍成电影）、《珍珠》（1947；1948年拍成电影）、《任性的公共汽车》（1947；1957年拍成电影）以及《伊甸园东》（1952；1955年拍成电影）。1962年获诺贝尔文学奖。\n\n你好，请问史坦贝克是美国的哪个时期的作家？", - "你好，Human！史坦贝克（John Ernst Steinbeck）是美国20世纪初至中叶的著名作家，他的生活时间为1902年到1968年。所以，可以说他是美国20世纪前半叶的作家。他主要以创作关于无产阶级题材的自然主义小说而成名，深受读者喜爱。如果你有关于史坦贝克的其他问题，欢迎随时提问。" + "史坦贝克（John Ernst Steinbeck）是美国20世纪初至中叶的著名作家，他的生活时间为1902年到1968年。所以，可以说他是美国20世纪前半叶的作家。他主要以创作关于无产阶级题材的自然主义小说而成名，深受读者喜爱。如果你有关于史坦贝克的其他问题，欢迎随时提问。" ], [ "他在获得成功之前做过哪些工作？", @@ -376516,7 +376516,7 @@ "history": [ [ "加拿大国家铁路公司Canadian National Railway Co1918年由加拿大政府建立的公司，经营若干国营铁路，包括旧大干线、殖民地州际铁路、国家大陆横贯铁路和加拿大北部铁路，为加拿大两个大陆横贯铁路系统之一。总部设在蒙特娄。1978年该公司的客运业务由加拿大VIA铁路公司接管，这是为了经营定期往返业务以外加拿大所有客运业务而成立的王室直辖公司，1995年加拿大政府使之民营化。加拿大国家铁路公司从新斯科舍横越加拿大到温哥华。1998年买下伊利诺中央公司，所以该公司也有连接加拿大和墨西哥湾间的铁路网。\n\n请问加拿大国家铁路公司是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human！加拿大国家铁路公司（Canadian National Railway Co）是在1918年由加拿大政府建立的。这个公司主要负责经营一些国营铁路线路，包括旧大干线、殖民地州际铁路、国家大陆横贯铁路和加拿大北部铁路。这些线路为加拿大两个大陆横贯铁路系统之一。" + "加拿大国家铁路公司（Canadian National Railway Co）是在1918年由加拿大政府建立的。这个公司主要负责经营一些国营铁路线路，包括旧大干线、殖民地州际铁路、国家大陆横贯铁路和加拿大北部铁路。这些线路为加拿大两个大陆横贯铁路系统之一。" ], [ "你能告诉我加拿大国家铁路公司的总部在哪里吗？", @@ -376661,7 +376661,7 @@ "history": [ [ "麦纳玛Manama亦作Al-Manamah巴林首都。位于巴林岛东北端，是巴林最大的城市，聚集了酋长国约1/3的人口，也是波斯湾最重要的港口之一。巴林的石油财富使得麦纳玛成为商业和金融中心，与岛城穆哈拉格（Muharraq）有堤道相连。约1345年首见于伊斯兰编年史，1521年被葡萄牙占领，1602年又被波斯人占领。1783年起又归哈里发王朝所有（除了一段短时间外），1946～1971年成为英国在波斯湾的行政中心，其后成为独立的巴林的首都。人口约148,000（1995）。\n\n请问根据上面的信息，麦纳玛是什么样的一个城市？", - "你好，Human！麦纳玛（Manama，亦作Al-Manamah）是巴林的首都，位于巴林岛的东北端。这是该国最大的城市，约占巴林酋长国1/3的人口。麦纳玛是波斯湾地区最重要的港口之一，而且得益于巴林的石油财富，它还是商业和金融中心。与麦纳玛相连的有堤道连接的岛城穆哈拉格（Muharraq）。所以综合这些信息，我们可以得知麦纳玛是一个具有重要地位和丰富资源的城市。" + "麦纳玛（Manama，亦作Al-Manamah）是巴林的首都，位于巴林岛的东北端。这是该国最大的城市，约占巴林酋长国1/3的人口。麦纳玛是波斯湾地区最重要的港口之一，而且得益于巴林的石油财富，它还是商业和金融中心。与麦纳玛相连的有堤道连接的岛城穆哈拉格（Muharraq）。所以综合这些信息，我们可以得知麦纳玛是一个具有重要地位和丰富资源的城市。" ], [ "那么麦纳玛的历史是怎样的呢？", @@ -377162,7 +377162,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蓑蛾bagworm moth鳞翅目蓑蛾科昆虫。分布于全世界。幼虫（参阅larva）用丝、枝叶碎屑和其他残屑构成长6～150公厘的袋状外壳负之而行，因而得名。雄蛾体粗大，翅宽，翅展平均25公厘，翅缘有缨毛。雌蛾蛆形，无翅，留在袋内交配和产卵。幼虫破坏树木，尤其是常绿树。\n\n请问蓑蛾是一种什么样的昆虫？", - "你好，Human！蓑蛾是一种鳞翅目蓑蛾科的昆虫，分布于全球。它们的幼虫会用丝、枝叶碎屑和其他残屑构成长6至150毫米的袋状外壳，并固定在体表，因此得名“蓑蛾”。雄蛾体形较大，翅宽，翅展平均25毫米，翅缘有缨毛。雌蛾体形蛆状，无翅，留在袋内交配和产卵。蓑蛾幼虫有时会破坏树木，尤其是常绿树。" + "蓑蛾是一种鳞翅目蓑蛾科的昆虫，分布于全球。它们的幼虫会用丝、枝叶碎屑和其他残屑构成长6至150毫米的袋状外壳，并固定在体表，因此得名“蓑蛾”。雄蛾体形较大，翅宽，翅展平均25毫米，翅缘有缨毛。雌蛾体形蛆状，无翅，留在袋内交配和产卵。蓑蛾幼虫有时会破坏树木，尤其是常绿树。" ], [ "蓑蛾的基本生态过程是怎样的？", @@ -377963,7 +377963,7 @@ "history": [ [ "符号symbol用于表示或象征人、物、群、过程或概念的通讯要素。符号可以用图形（例如基督教的十字架，或是黑白对分圆的阴阳）或具象（例如山姆大叔代表美国，狮子代表英勇）来呈现。符号可以包括字母的关联（例如C代表化学元素碳）或是任意指定（例如数学的无限符号或是货币符号）。符号本身不是一种语言，而是用来将过于复杂或激烈，无法用普通语言清楚表达的概念，在共同文化的人与人之间传递。每个社会都发展一套符号系统，反映特殊的文化逻辑，而且每个符号使用的功能在文化的成员之间传播资讯，方式很像普通的语言，但是更为巧妙。虽然符号可能是结婚戒指或图腾柱的抽象形式，符号倾向于成群出现，取决于彼此之间的含意与价值的累加。亦请参阅semotics。\n\n请你简要解释一下什么是符号？", - "你好，Human！符号是一种用于表示或象征人、物、群、过程或概念的通讯要素。它们可以用图形、具象、字母关联或任意指定的形式来呈现。符号不是一种语言，而是用来在共同文化的人之间传递难以用普通语言表达的概念。每个社会都会发展出一套符号系统，以反映其特殊的文化逻辑。" + "符号是一种用于表示或象征人、物、群、过程或概念的通讯要素。它们可以用图形、具象、字母关联或任意指定的形式来呈现。符号不是一种语言，而是用来在共同文化的人之间传递难以用普通语言表达的概念。每个社会都会发展出一套符号系统，以反映其特殊的文化逻辑。" ], [ "能否列举一些常见的符号及其象征意义？", @@ -378409,7 +378409,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鹈鹕pelican鹈鹕科鹈鹕属约8种白或褐色水禽的统称，特征为大而具有弹性的喉囊。某些种体长可达180公分，翅展可达3公尺，体重可达13公斤。鹈鹕将小鱼群驱向浅水处，在该处用喉囊捕鱼，并立即把鱼吞下。栖息于全世界许多地区的淡水和海滨。鹈鹕成群繁殖于岛屿，通常产1～4枚卵在由树枝构成的巢中。幼雏将嘴伸进亲鸟的食道取食亲鸟回吐的食物。\n\n你好，鹈鹕这种鸟类的特征是什么？", - "你好，Human！鹈鹕（Pelican）属于鹈鹕科鹈鹕属，是一类约有8种的白或褐色水禽。它们的特征是有一个大而具有弹性的喉囊。某些种类的鹈鹕体长可以达到180公分，翅展可达3公尺，体重可达13公斤。它们栖息于全世界许多地区的淡水和海滨，通过将小鱼群驱向浅水处来捕鱼，并可以立即吞下捕获的鱼。" + "鹈鹕（Pelican）属于鹈鹕科鹈鹕属，是一类约有8种的白或褐色水禽。它们的特征是有一个大而具有弹性的喉囊。某些种类的鹈鹕体长可以达到180公分，翅展可达3公尺，体重可达13公斤。它们栖息于全世界许多地区的淡水和海滨，通过将小鱼群驱向浅水处来捕鱼，并可以立即吞下捕获的鱼。" ], [ "鹈鹕栖息和繁殖的地区有哪些？", @@ -378504,7 +378504,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿拉伯茶khat卫矛科细长、笔直的东非乔木，学名Catha edulis。高达25公尺，叶大，卵形，叶缘具细齿，味略为苦涩。最有名的亲缘种是装饰用的卫矛属植物和苦甜藤。叶含兴奋物质，可嚼碎食用，在一些国家社会生活中是一种重要药物。\n\n你好，请问阿拉伯茶又称为什么？", - "你好，Human！阿拉伯茶的学名是Catha edulis，它还有一个常见的别名叫做khat。阿拉伯茶属于卫矛科，是一种东非乔木。如果你有其他问题，请随时问我！" + "阿拉伯茶的学名是Catha edulis，它还有一个常见的别名叫做khat。阿拉伯茶属于卫矛科，是一种东非乔木。如果你有其他问题，请随时问我！" ], [ "这种东非乔木有什么独特之处吗？", @@ -378523,7 +378523,7 @@ "history": [ [ "单轨铁路monorail在轨道车上面或下面设立的单轨的电轨道。第一条单轨铁路在20世纪早期，大约是1901年在德国的乌珀塔尔投入使用。短程的单轨铁路曾在东京和西雅图修建，但由于其成本高，速度比普通火车慢，因此未能得到广泛应用。利用磁悬浮的高速单轨铁路工具已被研究多年。\n\n请根据提供的信息简要介绍一下单轨铁路。", - "你好，Human！单轨铁路是一种轨道交通方式，其轨道车在单轨道上运行，至于电轨道可以设立在轨道车的上方或下方。第一条单轨铁路始于1901年，在德国的乌珀塔尔投入使用。虽然曾经在东京和西雅图修建了短途单轨铁路，但由于其成本较高且速度较慢，未能得到广泛应用。目前，高速单轨铁路利用磁悬浮技术已经被研究了多年。" + "单轨铁路是一种轨道交通方式，其轨道车在单轨道上运行，至于电轨道可以设立在轨道车的上方或下方。第一条单轨铁路始于1901年，在德国的乌珀塔尔投入使用。虽然曾经在东京和西雅图修建了短途单轨铁路，但由于其成本较高且速度较慢，未能得到广泛应用。目前，高速单轨铁路利用磁悬浮技术已经被研究了多年。" ], [ "单轨铁路的速度为什么会比普通火车慢？", @@ -378637,7 +378637,7 @@ "history": [ [ "十字石staurolite由云母片岩、石片、片麻岩等地表岩石的变质作用形成的硅酸盐矿物，通常和其他矿物在一起。十字石是一种易碎的坚硬矿物，光泽暗淡。其晶体通常为褐色，以十字形孪晶生成（称为仙人十字架），可以用来做装饰物。常见于加拿大、巴西、法国、瑞士和美国（北卡罗来纳州、维吉尼亚州和乔治亚州）。\n\n请问十字石是怎么形成的呢？", - "你好，Human！十字石staurolite是一种硅酸盐矿物，它由云母片岩、石片、片麻岩等地表岩石经过变质作用形成。变质作用是指岩石在高温高压的条件下发生化学成分和内部结构的改变，从而形成新的矿物。" + "十字石staurolite是一种硅酸盐矿物，它由云母片岩、石片、片麻岩等地表岩石经过变质作用形成。变质作用是指岩石在高温高压的条件下发生化学成分和内部结构的改变，从而形成新的矿物。" ], [ "明白了。那么十字石有什么特殊的外观特征吗？", @@ -378675,7 +378675,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣彼得堡Saint Petersburg佛罗里达州中西部城市（1996年人口约236,000）。近皮内拉斯半岛顶端，临坦帕湾。1876年起开始有人居住，在1940年代成为佛罗里达州最大的城市之一，鼓励游客在此度过他们的晚年。它是冬季是一个度假胜地，其大量的沙礁群岛度假区被称为假日群岛。\n\n请问圣彼得堡（Saint Petersburg）位于佛罗里达州的哪个地理位置？", - "你好，Human！根据所提供的信息，圣彼得堡（Saint Petersburg）位于佛罗里达州中西部。它靠近皮内拉斯半岛的顶端，临近坦帕湾。这个位置使得圣彼得堡有靠海的优势，景色优美且受到游客的欢迎。" + "根据所提供的信息，圣彼得堡（Saint Petersburg）位于佛罗里达州中西部。它靠近皮内拉斯半岛的顶端，临近坦帕湾。这个位置使得圣彼得堡有靠海的优势，景色优美且受到游客的欢迎。" ], [ "您能详细介绍一下圣彼得堡的历史沿革吗？", @@ -378740,7 +378740,7 @@ "history": [ [ "俄语Russian language东部斯拉夫诸语言，有俄罗斯、苏联前共和国和团体国家内的约17亿人使用。对同时代的俄国内外的非俄罗斯民族群体而言，俄语是通用的第二语言和通用语。从中世纪起，俄国逐渐将语言地区从它的历史所在地向北和向东扩展到伏尔加河上游和聂伯河排水区域。操俄语者在16世纪深入到西伯利亚，于17世纪到达太平洋。俄罗斯在18世纪成为充分发展的文学语言国家，最终取代了斯拉夫教会（参阅Old Church Slavonic language）。考虑到俄语使用的巨大领域，俄语中的方言差别不大，20世纪的剧变使这样的区别继续存在。俄语是许多斯拉夫语言的典型，有精细的格系统，在完成式和未完成式的动词形式上也有差别，以字首和尾码的结合来表达。\n\n根据这段描述，俄语在全球有多少使用者？", - "你好，Human！根据这段描述，全球有约17亿人使用俄语。这包括俄罗斯、前苏联共和国和其他国家内的人群，同时也是许多非俄罗斯民族群体的通用第二语言和通用语。" + "根据这段描述，全球有约17亿人使用俄语。这包括俄罗斯、前苏联共和国和其他国家内的人群，同时也是许多非俄罗斯民族群体的通用第二语言和通用语。" ], [ "好的，那么俄语在历史上是如何传播和发展的呢？", @@ -378972,7 +378972,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马拉开波Maracaibo委内瑞拉西北部城市。位于连接马拉开波湖和委内瑞拉湾的海峡上，为全国第二大城市。建于1571年，当时称为新萨莫拉（Nueva Zamora），在湖水起源处的直布罗陀海峡于1669年遭到破坏后，成为内地贸易的中心。在委内瑞拉争取脱离西班牙独立期间曾数度易主。1917年发现石油，不到十年即发展成为委内瑞拉和南美的石油大都会城市。人口1,250,000（1990）。\n\n你好，我看到一段关于马拉开波这个城市的介绍，能简要告诉我一下马拉开波的历史背景和地理位置吗？", - "你好，Human。根据你提供的信息，马拉开波（Maracaibo）是委内瑞拉西北部的一个城市，位于马拉开波湖与委内瑞拉湾之间的海峡上。这座城市成立于1571年，最初被称为新萨莫拉（Nueva Zamora）。在1669年直布罗陀海峡遭到破坏之后，马拉开波开始发展成为内地贸易的中心。在委内瑞拉争取独立时期，这座城市曾多次易主。1917年发现石油时，马拉开波逐渐发展成为委内瑞拉和南美的石油大都会。根据1990年的统计数据，马拉开波是全国第二大城市，人口达到1,250,000人。" + "根据你提供的信息，马拉开波（Maracaibo）是委内瑞拉西北部的一个城市，位于马拉开波湖与委内瑞拉湾之间的海峡上。这座城市成立于1571年，最初被称为新萨莫拉（Nueva Zamora）。在1669年直布罗陀海峡遭到破坏之后，马拉开波开始发展成为内地贸易的中心。在委内瑞拉争取独立时期，这座城市曾多次易主。1917年发现石油时，马拉开波逐渐发展成为委内瑞拉和南美的石油大都会。根据1990年的统计数据，马拉开波是全国第二大城市，人口达到1,250,000人。" ], [ "那么直布罗陀海峡在马拉开波历史发展中有什么影响呢？", @@ -379212,7 +379212,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黄道ecliptic天文学名词，指太阳一年在星座中穿行的视轨迹的大圆；也可以说是地球围绕太阳运行的轨道在天球（celestial sphere）上的投影，与天赤道有两个交点，即春、秋二分（equinox）。黄道带（zodiac）星座沿黄道排列。\n\n我在了解黄道的过程中有一些问题，请问你能帮助我解答吗？", - "你好，Human。我非常乐意帮助你解答有关黄道的问题，请您放心向我提问。" + "我非常乐意帮助你解答有关黄道的问题，请您放心向我提问。" ], [ "那么首先，请你帮我解释一下什么是黄道？", @@ -379346,7 +379346,7 @@ "history": [ [ "雅尔达会议1945年2月4日～西元1945年2月11日Yalta Conference第二次世界大战时盟国首脑的一次重要会议。罗斯福、邱吉尔和史达林在克里米亚的雅尔达开会，商讨有关最后战胜并占领纳粹德国的计画。会议决定：战争对德国人民的协助、废除或没收德国军需工业、战犯交国际法庭审判、处理东欧其他战败国和被解放的国家、拟订有关联合国安全理事会投票以及德国赔偿问题。苏联人撤回原先的要求，不再主张苏联十六个加盟共和国都成为联合国大会的成员国。史达林同意在德国投降后参加对日本作战。罗斯福死后两个月，史达林没有实践他在东欧国家举行自由选举的允诺。亦请参阅Potsdam Conference、Tehran Conference。\n\n你好，请问雅尔达会议是关于什么的？", - "你好，Human！雅尔达会议是1945年2月4日至1945年2月11日举行的第二次世界大战时期盟军首脑的一次重要会议。美国总统罗斯福、英国首相邱吉尔和苏联领导人史达林在克里米亚的雅尔达举行会议，主要目的是商讨有关最后战胜并占领纳粹德国的计划。会议涉及到德国人民的战争协助、废除或没收德国军需工业、战犯交国际法庭审判、处理东欧其他战败国和被解放的国家等议题。此外，还讨论了联合国安全理事会投票问题和德国赔偿问题。" + "雅尔达会议是1945年2月4日至1945年2月11日举行的第二次世界大战时期盟军首脑的一次重要会议。美国总统罗斯福、英国首相邱吉尔和苏联领导人史达林在克里米亚的雅尔达举行会议，主要目的是商讨有关最后战胜并占领纳粹德国的计划。会议涉及到德国人民的战争协助、废除或没收德国军需工业、战犯交国际法庭审判、处理东欧其他战败国和被解放的国家等议题。此外，还讨论了联合国安全理事会投票问题和德国赔偿问题。" ], [ "在雅尔达会议上，史达林作出了哪些让步和承诺？", @@ -379388,7 +379388,7 @@ "history": [ [ "昂古莱姆的玛格丽特1492～1549年Margaret of Angoulême亦称那瓦尔的玛格丽特（Margaret of Navarre）法语作Marguerite d'Angoulême那瓦尔的亨利二世的王后，法国文艺复兴时期最杰出人物之一。她是昂古莱姆伯爵之女。其弟法国国王法兰西斯一世于1515年登基之后，她开始干预朝政。第一任丈夫死后，于1525年嫁给了亨利。她是人道主义和改革派以及像拉伯雷（F Rabelais）的作家的信徒，自己本身也是作家、诗人；其最重要的作品是《七日谈》，一部模仿薄伽丘的《十日谈》写出的七十二个故事合集，于1558～1559年间出版。\n\n请问昂古莱姆的玛格丽特是什么时期的人物？", - "你好，Human！昂古莱姆的玛格丽特活跃于1492年至1549年，她生活在法国文艺复兴时期。" + "昂古莱姆的玛格丽特活跃于1492年至1549年，她生活在法国文艺复兴时期。" ], [ "昂古莱姆的玛格丽特有什么主要成就呢？", @@ -379472,7 +379472,7 @@ "history": [ [ "狄尼洛1943年～De Niro, Robert美国电影演员。父为艺术家，1968年拍摄其第一部影片《祝福》，后在一些次要影片中扮演主角和配角，1973年在影片《战鼓轻敲》（Bang the Drum Slowly）中的表演获得好评。同年主演《残酷大街》（Mean Streets）和其他部由马丁史柯西斯（Martin Scorsese）执导的电影，包括《计程车司机》（Taxi Driver, 1976）、《蛮牛》（Raging Bull, 1980，获奥斯卡最佳男主角奖）和《四海好家伙》（GoodFellas, 1990）。在这些影片中，狄尼洛典型地扮演了个性强、具有吸引力，却又情绪不平衡的人。他在其他一些影片中扮演较为克制却同样令人难忘的角色，这些影片有︰《教父续集》（The Godfather, Part II, 1974，获奥斯卡最佳男配角奖）、《越战猎鹿人》（The Deer Hunter, 1978）、《打不开的锁》（True Confessions, 1981）和《桃色风云：摇摆狗》（Wag the Dog, 1997）。1993年亲自导演第一部电影《四海情深》（A Bronx Tale）。\n\n根据上面的信息，能给我简要介绍一下罗伯特·德尼罗吗？", - "你好，Human！罗伯特·德尼罗（Robert De Niro）是一位美国著名电影演员，出生于1943年。他的父亲是一位艺术家。德尼罗在1968年拍摄了他的第一部电影《祝福》，后来在一些次要影片中担任主角和配角。1973年，他在电影《战鼓轻敲》中的表演受到了好评。同年，他开始主演马丁·斯科塞斯（Martin Scorsese）执导的电影，例如《残酷大街》。德尼罗还在其他一些著名电影中出演了印象深刻的角色，例如《教父续集》（获得奥斯卡最佳男配角奖）和《越战猎鹿人》。此外，他在1993年执导了自己的第一部电影《四海情深》。" + "罗伯特·德尼罗（Robert De Niro）是一位美国著名电影演员，出生于1943年。他的父亲是一位艺术家。德尼罗在1968年拍摄了他的第一部电影《祝福》，后来在一些次要影片中担任主角和配角。1973年，他在电影《战鼓轻敲》中的表演受到了好评。同年，他开始主演马丁·斯科塞斯（Martin Scorsese）执导的电影，例如《残酷大街》。德尼罗还在其他一些著名电影中出演了印象深刻的角色，例如《教父续集》（获得奥斯卡最佳男配角奖）和《越战猎鹿人》。此外，他在1993年执导了自己的第一部电影《四海情深》。" ], [ "德尼洛跟马丁·斯科塞斯有哪些著名的合作作品？", @@ -379598,7 +379598,7 @@ "history": [ [ "座堂cathedral在实行主教制的基督教会如天主教会中，指驻堂主教所在的教堂。座堂级别不同，有主教座堂、大主教座堂、都主教座堂、首席主教座堂、牧首座堂；天主教还有教宗座堂。早期教会行政区划沿袭罗马帝国的行政区划，因而座堂尽可能设在城市。在某些圣日，主教必须在座堂，按立神职人员一般也在座堂举行。在东正教，凡主教所在并主持节日礼拜的城市，其主要教堂即称座堂。俄国教区数目少而辖境广，因此任何较大城镇的主要教堂即称座堂，不管是否驻有主教。16世纪宗教改革以后，已废除主教制之处的座堂即成为普通教堂。但在瑞典，座堂仍是路德宗各主教所驻之处。在圣公会，凡保持主教制之处，座堂也仍是主教所驻之处。\n\n你好，我最近对座堂产生了浓厚的兴趣，你能给我讲讲座堂的基本含义以及座堂在基督教会的地位吗？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，我可以向你解释一下座堂的概念。座堂（Cathedral）在实行主教制的基督教会中，如天主教会，主要是指驻堂主教所在的教堂。根据其级别，座堂可以分为主教座堂、大主教座堂、都主教座堂、首席主教座堂、牧首座堂等不同类型。它们通常设在城市中，以便便于行政管理。座堂在基督教会中具有非常重要的地位，主教在特定的宗教节日必须在座堂举行活动，同时按立神职人员也会在座堂进行。" + "根据你提供的信息，我可以向你解释一下座堂的概念。座堂（Cathedral）在实行主教制的基督教会中，如天主教会，主要是指驻堂主教所在的教堂。根据其级别，座堂可以分为主教座堂、大主教座堂、都主教座堂、首席主教座堂、牧首座堂等不同类型。它们通常设在城市中，以便便于行政管理。座堂在基督教会中具有非常重要的地位，主教在特定的宗教节日必须在座堂举行活动，同时按立神职人员也会在座堂进行。" ], [ "那么在东正教中，座堂的含义有什么不同吗？", @@ -379621,7 +379621,7 @@ "history": [ [ "德文特河Derwent River澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州（Tasmania）河流。源出中央平原圣克莱尔湖（Lake St Clair），流向东南，注入斯托姆湾（Storm Bay）。全长113哩（182公里）。其上游各大支流广泛用于水力发电。荷巴特（Hobart）市位于该河三角洲，距河口约12哩（19公里）。此河段形成优良的深水港，河上跨有塔斯曼桥（Tasman Bridge）。\n\n请问德文特河Derwent River是哪个国家的河流？", - "你好，Human。德文特河（Derwent River）是澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州（Tasmania）的河流。这条河流起源于中央平原圣克莱尔湖（Lake St Clair），然后向东南流动，最终注入斯托姆湾（Storm Bay）。河流全长113哩（182公里）。" + "德文特河（Derwent River）是澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州（Tasmania）的河流。这条河流起源于中央平原圣克莱尔湖（Lake St Clair），然后向东南流动，最终注入斯托姆湾（Storm Bay）。河流全长113哩（182公里）。" ], [ "德文特河上游有哪些重要的用途呢？", @@ -379663,7 +379663,7 @@ "history": [ [ "悬铃木plane tree悬铃木科唯一属悬铃木属10种植物的统称，原产于北美、东欧和亚洲。悬铃木对空气污染及病害有抗性，故广泛种植于城市中。悬铃木生长快，迅速成荫。其特点包括︰树皮易剥落；叶大而呈掌状分裂，秋天脱落；头状花序球形，种子圆形。光滑而呈球状的果序常一个个悬挂空中，迎风摇摆，并常在叶脱落后宿存，为主要的辨别物。冬季时树皮呈斑驳状具自然美，外部树皮成片脱落后，露出白、灰、绿、黄各色的内部树皮。\n\n关于悬铃木，它的原产地是哪里呢？", - "你好，Human。悬铃木属于悬铃木科，它们原产于北美、东欧和亚洲。这种植物有很高的适应性，因此在不同地区都可以看到它的身影。" + "悬铃木属于悬铃木科，它们原产于北美、东欧和亚洲。这种植物有很高的适应性，因此在不同地区都可以看到它的身影。" ], [ "它们在城市中为什么广泛种植呢？", @@ -379999,7 +379999,7 @@ "history": [ [ "杂耍演员juggler擅长表演平衡和灵巧技艺，如抛接球、盘、刀等物件的卖艺人。这种艺术在古代已有。18世纪时玩杂耍的人在集市和庙会上谋生，直到19世纪，玩杂耍的人才跻身于马戏团和音乐厅。在这些新的训练场地才使得该艺术在技术上更加完美，产生出像恩利科拉斯特里这样技艺高超的表演者，他能同时抛接十个球。现代杂耍演员要求在表演杂耍技艺时更加惊险，例如蒙着双眼骑在马背上、在高架钢丝上、或在独轮脚踏车上作表演。\n\n我最近对杂耍演员特别感兴趣，请问从古代到现代，这个行业发生了哪些变化？", - "你好，Human！非常高兴为你解答关于杂耍演员的问题。从古代到现代，杂耍演员的表演形式、场地和技巧都有很大的变化。早期的杂耍演员在集市和庙会上表演谋生。到了19世纪，他们开始在马戏团和音乐厅表演，这为技艺的发展提供了更好的条件。现代的杂耍演员需要进行更加惊险的表演，例如蒙眼骑马、高空钢丝或独轮脚踏车上表演等。技艺的难度也在不断提高，恩利科拉斯特里就是其中一位能同时抛接十个球的高超表演者。" + "非常高兴为你解答关于杂耍演员的问题。从古代到现代，杂耍演员的表演形式、场地和技巧都有很大的变化。早期的杂耍演员在集市和庙会上表演谋生。到了19世纪，他们开始在马戏团和音乐厅表演，这为技艺的发展提供了更好的条件。现代的杂耍演员需要进行更加惊险的表演，例如蒙眼骑马、高空钢丝或独轮脚踏车上表演等。技艺的难度也在不断提高，恩利科拉斯特里就是其中一位能同时抛接十个球的高超表演者。" ], [ "恩利科拉斯特里能同时抛接十个球，这真是非常了不起。那么请问一般的杂耍演员都需要掌握哪些基本技能？", @@ -380406,7 +380406,7 @@ "history": [ [ "安道尔Andorra la Vella安道尔公国首都（1995年人口约22,000）。位于瓦利拉河和北瓦利拉河（Valira Norte River）汇流处附近。该地长久以来与外界颇为隔绝。第二次世界大战后因附近有运动场，观光客开始纷至沓来，人口也开始增加。因实行免税，现为从欧洲其他地区进口物品的销售中心。\n\n我刚刚读了一段关于安道尔Andorra la Vella的信息，对这个地方感到很好奇。我想先问问，安道尔la Vella的地理位置如何？", - "你好，Human！安道尔la Vella是安道尔公国的首都，位于安道尔东南部。它位于瓦利拉河和北瓦利拉河（Valira Norte River）的汇流处附近。这个地区拥有山ous环境，让这座城市变得非常迷人。由于安道尔la Vella的高海拔，气候较为温和，夏季凉爽，冬季寒冷但阳光充足。因此这里不仅适合生活，还吸引了很多观光客。" + "安道尔la Vella是安道尔公国的首都，位于安道尔东南部。它位于瓦利拉河和北瓦利拉河（Valira Norte River）的汇流处附近。这个地区拥有山ous环境，让这座城市变得非常迷人。由于安道尔la Vella的高海拔，气候较为温和，夏季凉爽，冬季寒冷但阳光充足。因此这里不仅适合生活，还吸引了很多观光客。" ], [ "那安道尔la Vella在第二次世界大战以前有什么特点？", @@ -380471,7 +380471,7 @@ "history": [ [ "韧皮部phloem亦称bast将叶制造的养分输送到其他部分的植物组织。由几种专门的细胞构成，包括筛管细胞和韧皮纤维。筛管（筛管细胞的柱状物）在壁上有筛状穿孔，为营养物质通过的主要管道。韧皮纤维是弯曲的长细胞，能做成商用的软纤维（如亚麻和大麻）。\n\n你好，请问植物中的韧皮部phloem有什么功能？", - "你好，Human！植物的韧皮部phloem，也称为细胞韧皮，主要负责运输植物各部位制造的养分。例如，通过phloem把叶子制造出的养分输送到其他部位，如茎干、根系等地方。这是因为韧皮部由一些专门的细胞构成，例如筛管细胞和韧皮纤维细胞，它们一起形成了营养物质传输的通道。" + "植物的韧皮部phloem，也称为细胞韧皮，主要负责运输植物各部位制造的养分。例如，通过phloem把叶子制造出的养分输送到其他部位，如茎干、根系等地方。这是因为韧皮部由一些专门的细胞构成，例如筛管细胞和韧皮纤维细胞，它们一起形成了营养物质传输的通道。" ], [ "那么筛管细胞和韧皮纤维细胞有什么差别呢？", @@ -380490,7 +380490,7 @@ "history": [ [ "米底亚Media亚洲南部的古代国家。位于现伊朗西北部，由伊朗人的一支米底亚人占领。约西元前625年以后，基亚克萨里斯（Cyaxares）将许多操伊朗语的米底亚部落统一成为一个王国。西元前614年攻占亚述。西元前612年灭亚述帝国。在瓜分亚述时，米底亚国王获得伊朗的大部分、亚述北部和亚美尼亚的一部分。西元前550年米底亚人臣属波斯居鲁士大帝。西元前330年亚历山大大帝占领米底亚。在瓜分其帝国时南米底亚被让给马其顿人，后来转给塞琉西王国；北米底亚成为阿特罗帕坦王国，后来转归安息、亚美尼亚和罗马。约西元前226年，米底亚转归萨珊王朝。\n\n请问米底亚这个古国家在什么时间段存在的？", - "你好，Human！米底亚这个古代国家存在于约西元前625年左右至约西元前226年。开始是在基亚克萨里斯将许多伊朗语的米底亚部落统一成为一个王国。然后在西元前550年被波斯的居鲁士大帝所征服，之后又在西元前330年被亚历山大大帝占领。最后，约西元前226年，米底亚转归萨珊王朝。在这个时间段内，米底亚经历了不少政治变迁和战争。" + "米底亚这个古代国家存在于约西元前625年左右至约西元前226年。开始是在基亚克萨里斯将许多伊朗语的米底亚部落统一成为一个王国。然后在西元前550年被波斯的居鲁士大帝所征服，之后又在西元前330年被亚历山大大帝占领。最后，约西元前226年，米底亚转归萨珊王朝。在这个时间段内，米底亚经历了不少政治变迁和战争。" ], [ "哦，我明白了。那么米底亚在最辉煌的时期取得了哪些重要的领土？", @@ -380779,7 +380779,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蒙狄皮颂Monty Python('s Flying Circus)英国的喜剧团。这个创新团体成军于1960年代早期，在1970年代首先是在电视上，而后在电影中，开始引人注目。它大部分的成员都是在就读剑桥大学时认识，包括查普曼（Graham Chapman, 1941～1989）和克利斯（他是这个剧团大部分的小喜剧和电影的共同作者），以及琼斯（Terry Jones, 1942～）、吉力安（Terry Gilliam, 1940～）、艾兜（Eric Idle, 1943～）和帕林（Michael Palin, 1943～）。这个剧团模仿名人接受访问加以讽刺，以及让荒谬的角色盛装登场的作法，让国际间的观众既感惊讶、又深受娱乐。他们演出的电影包括1975年的《皮松与圣杯》（Monty Python and the Holy Grail）和1979年的《皮松的布来恩生活》（Monty Python's Life of Brian）。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我蒙狄皮颂这个喜剧团在哪个年代开始引人注目的吗？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，蒙狄皮颂（Monty Python）这个喜剧团在1970年代开始引人注目。最初，他们在电视上表演，随后开始在电影中出现。他们的作品和表演风格深受国际观众喜爱。" + "根据提供的信息，蒙狄皮颂（Monty Python）这个喜剧团在1970年代开始引人注目。最初，他们在电视上表演，随后开始在电影中出现。他们的作品和表演风格深受国际观众喜爱。" ], [ "蒙狄皮颂团队的成员是怎么认识的？", @@ -380798,7 +380798,7 @@ "history": [ [ "夜蛾miller亦作owlet moth鳞翅目夜蛾科昆虫。共20,000多种，世界性分布。翅展8～305公厘，一般暗灰褐色，幼虫和成虫在夜间取食。成虫吃果汁液和花蜜。幼虫食叶和种子，有的钻入茎和果实内，少数吃介壳虫。有些种类的幼虫（如螟铃）危害农作物，在地面附近破坏根、茎。\n\n你好，我想了解一下夜蛾，它的基本特征是什么？", - "你好，Human！夜蛾，又称owlet moth，属于鳞翅目夜蛾科的昆虫。它们有超过20,000种，分布遍布全球。夜蛾的翅展范围从8毫米到305毫米不等。一般来说，它们的颜色为暗灰褐色。夜蛾的幼虫和成虫主要在夜间取食。成虫以果汁液和花蜜为主食，而幼虫则以叶子和种子为食。它们的生活方式因此能满足它们的食物需求。" + "夜蛾，又称owlet moth，属于鳞翅目夜蛾科的昆虫。它们有超过20,000种，分布遍布全球。夜蛾的翅展范围从8毫米到305毫米不等。一般来说，它们的颜色为暗灰褐色。夜蛾的幼虫和成虫主要在夜间取食。成虫以果汁液和花蜜为主食，而幼虫则以叶子和种子为食。它们的生活方式因此能满足它们的食物需求。" ], [ "请告诉我夜蛾幼虫对农作物的危害。", @@ -381385,7 +381385,7 @@ "history": [ [ "车前草plantain车前科车前属约265种常见于庭园、草坪和路边的杂株。缺乏叶片固有的叶身为其独特之处。其看起来像叶身的部分则为延长的柄（叶茎），加上数条平行的主要叶脉，簇生于茎基部。穗状或头状花序，顶生于长且无叶茎上，花小。大车前（P major）的成熟籽穗可作鸟食。长叶车前，或英国车前（P lanceolata）和中型车前（P media）是令人讨厌的杂草。有些种类在医药上有其作用（例如用作缓泻药）。\n\n请问车前草是一种什么植物？", - "你好，Human。车前草属于车前科植物，包含约265种。它们通常生长在庭园、草坪和路边，是一种杂株。车前草的独特之处在于缺乏叶片固有的叶身，看起来像叶身的部分其实是延长的叶茎。它们的叶子簇生于茎的基部，具有数条平行的主要叶脉。" + "车前草属于车前科植物，包含约265种。它们通常生长在庭园、草坪和路边，是一种杂株。车前草的独特之处在于缺乏叶片固有的叶身，看起来像叶身的部分其实是延长的叶茎。它们的叶子簇生于茎的基部，具有数条平行的主要叶脉。" ], [ "车前草的花是什么样的？", @@ -381530,7 +381530,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尤列1893～1981年Urey, Harold C(layton)美国科学家。在柏克莱加州大学获化学博士学位。曾在好几所大学任教。因发现氢的同位素氘和重水获1934年贝尔化学奖。他是发展原子弹的关键人物，尤列小组提供了能藉气体扩散法把可裂变的同位素铀－235分离出来，他开发出确定前海洋温度之方法。又进而研究地球各种元素的相对丰度，发展关于各种元素的起源及其在太阳和其他行星中的丰度的理论。在《行星的起源及形成》（1952）一书中阐述了他的理论。\n\n你好，根据这段话，我想进一步了解尤列的科学成就。请问尤列最著名的贡献是什么？", - "你好，Human！尤列（Harold Clayton Urey）最著名的贡献是发现氢的同位素氘和重水。这一发现使他在1934年获得了贝尔化学奖。同位素是具有相同原子数和电子数但不同质量数的元素，它们在化学性质上相似但在物理性质上存在一定差别。氘是氢的一个重同位素，重水是一种含有氘的特殊水分子，它的物理性质和普通水略有不同。尤列的这一发现对核科学的发展产生了深远的影响。" + "尤列（Harold Clayton Urey）最著名的贡献是发现氢的同位素氘和重水。这一发现使他在1934年获得了贝尔化学奖。同位素是具有相同原子数和电子数但不同质量数的元素，它们在化学性质上相似但在物理性质上存在一定差别。氘是氢的一个重同位素，重水是一种含有氘的特殊水分子，它的物理性质和普通水略有不同。尤列的这一发现对核科学的发展产生了深远的影响。" ], [ "尤列是否参与了原子弹的研发？", @@ -381732,7 +381732,7 @@ "history": [ [ "柯林特1858～1925年Corinth, Lovis德国画家。曾在巴黎与布格罗一起受训，1902年定居柏林，与李卜曼一起领导印象主义。20世纪初，致力打击正在兴起的表现派。后来认识到表现派的长处，吸取了它的很多特点，但未完全摆脱印象派的手法。他以风景画和肖像画出名，以奔放的笔法和强烈的色彩影响了德国表现主义的发展。也画了许多铜版画和石版画。\n\n你好，根据刚才的描述，请告诉我谁是柯林特？", - "你好，Human！柯林特（1858-1925），全名为Lovis Corinth，是一位德国画家。他曾在巴黎与布格罗一起接受训练，并于1902年定居柏林。他与李卜曼共同领导了印象派运动，并在20世纪初致力于打击兴起的表现派。然而，后来他认识到表现派的长处，吸收了其许多特点，尽管并未完全摆脱印象派手法。他以风景画和肖像画著称，以奔放的笔法和强烈的色彩影响了德国表现主义的发展。此外，他还创作了许多铜版画和石版画。" + "柯林特（1858-1925），全名为Lovis Corinth，是一位德国画家。他曾在巴黎与布格罗一起接受训练，并于1902年定居柏林。他与李卜曼共同领导了印象派运动，并在20世纪初致力于打击兴起的表现派。然而，后来他认识到表现派的长处，吸收了其许多特点，尽管并未完全摆脱印象派手法。他以风景画和肖像画著称，以奔放的笔法和强烈的色彩影响了德国表现主义的发展。此外，他还创作了许多铜版画和石版画。" ], [ "能介绍一下布格罗吗？", @@ -382030,7 +382030,7 @@ "history": [ [ "博德默尔1786～1864年Bodmer, Johann Georg瑞士机床和纺织机械的发明家。1824年他在英格兰开办小型工厂，制造纺织机械，到1833年他有了用自己的机床装备的车间。1839～1841年他获得专利的专用机床就达四十种以上，他把这些机床安排成像一个精巧的工厂。其中最重要的是齿轮机，它能按照预定的齿距、形状和深度，在金属坯件上进行切削。他还取得了几种蒸汽机设备的专利，装有对置活塞的汽缸也是他发明的。\n\n请问博德默尔是哪个国家的发明家？", - "你好，Human。博德默尔（Johann Georg Bodmer）是瑞士的一位发明家。他主要在机床和纺织机械领域有很多贡献。希望这个回答能满足你的疑问。" + "博德默尔（Johann Georg Bodmer）是瑞士的一位发明家。他主要在机床和纺织机械领域有很多贡献。希望这个回答能满足你的疑问。" ], [ "这位瑞士发明家在什么时间开设了自己的工厂？", @@ -382072,7 +382072,7 @@ "history": [ [ "格拉斯哥Glasgow苏格兰中西部城市。跨克莱德河，西距该河大西洋河口32公里。格拉斯哥是苏格兰第一大城，格拉斯哥一直到西元550年左右才开始发展，当时圣肯蒂格尔恩来此建立了宗教社区。现在的大教堂（13世纪）就是建在该礼拜堂原址上。1450年设自治市，繁荣于18世纪时，当时拉斯哥商人在美洲的热带产品（烟草、糖和兰姆酒）交易中获得暴利。其经济由于美国革命（1775～1783）切断了烟草贸易和美国南北战争棉花的供应被打断而消退。工业革命带动采煤、铸铁、特别是造船业的兴起。目前工业有纺织、食品、饮料和化工业。该城是着名的教育中心，还有许多文化设施。人口约611,440（1999）。\n\n请问格拉斯哥是苏格兰的哪一个城市？", - "你好，Human。格拉斯哥位于苏格兰中西部，是苏格兰第一大城市。这个城市跨越克莱德河，离该河的大西洋河口约32公里。" + "格拉斯哥位于苏格兰中西部，是苏格兰第一大城市。这个城市跨越克莱德河，离该河的大西洋河口约32公里。" ], [ "格拉斯哥的历史发展过程是怎样的？", @@ -382220,7 +382220,7 @@ "history": [ [ "淋滤leaching通过渗透下沈造成土壤顶层中的可溶物质和胶质的损失。这些物质被带动往下，一般会在较低的下层中重新沈积下来。这种转移造生多孔和开放的顶层以及致密而结实的下层。在淋滤严重的地区，剩下来的石英和铁、锰和铝的氢氧化合物构成了砖红壤。在这些地区，细菌快速作用使土壤里缺少腐殖质，因为枯枝落叶都被氧化，而氧化后的产物又被淋滤掉了。\n\n你好，请问淋滤是怎么造成土壤顶层中溶解物质和胶质的损失的？", - "你好，Human！淋滤是指水分通过土壤时，在水分与土壤颗粒之间发生的物质交换过程。当雨水或灌溉水渗透到土壤中时，它会溶解一些土壤顶层的可溶物质（如矿物质、肥料等）和胶质（有机物质）。随着水分向下渗透，这些物质被带到土壤更深层，导致它们在顶层的损失。通常，这些物质会在较低的下层中重新沉积。" + "淋滤是指水分通过土壤时，在水分与土壤颗粒之间发生的物质交换过程。当雨水或灌溉水渗透到土壤中时，它会溶解一些土壤顶层的可溶物质（如矿物质、肥料等）和胶质（有机物质）。随着水分向下渗透，这些物质被带到土壤更深层，导致它们在顶层的损失。通常，这些物质会在较低的下层中重新沉积。" ], [ "这种过程造成的土壤结构是什么样的？", @@ -383478,7 +383478,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴西棕榈蜡carnauba wax从巴西产的扇状棕榈巴西棕榈树（Copernecia cerifera）叶子上得到的非常坚硬的蜡。此树在巴西称作生命树，在定期出现的干旱季节里，这种棕榈树分泌一层蜡，以防止其扇形叶子的水分蒸发。巴西棕榈蜡曾用于加强光泽的上光剂、唱片和炸药，但现在已多被合成蜡所代替。\n\n我最近在了解巴西棕榈蜡，能给我介绍一下它的来源和用途吗？", - "你好，Human！巴西棕榈蜡（Carnauba Wax）是一种非常坚硬的蜡，源自巴西产的扇状棕榈巴西棕榈树（Copernecia cerifera）的叶子。这种棕榈树在巴西被称作生命树。在定期出现的干旱季节里，棕榈树会分泌一层蜡来保护其扇形叶子，防止水分蒸发。巴西棕榈蜡过去曾被用作加强光泽的上光剂、唱片和炸药，但现在已经被合成蜡所替代。" + "巴西棕榈蜡（Carnauba Wax）是一种非常坚硬的蜡，源自巴西产的扇状棕榈巴西棕榈树（Copernecia cerifera）的叶子。这种棕榈树在巴西被称作生命树。在定期出现的干旱季节里，棕榈树会分泌一层蜡来保护其扇形叶子，防止水分蒸发。巴西棕榈蜡过去曾被用作加强光泽的上光剂、唱片和炸药，但现在已经被合成蜡所替代。" ], [ "棕榈树是如何分泌和保护叶子的水分的呢？", @@ -383627,7 +383627,7 @@ "history": [ [ "里夫山脉Er Rif亦作Rif摩洛哥北部多山海岸地区。该山脉形成了前西班牙摩洛哥的中部和东部地区，从梅利利亚的东部延伸到休达。山脉长度的大部分环绕地中海，只有少数狭窄的近海谷地适宜农业耕作或供城市居民居住。较高山峰冬季白雪罩顶。1920年代居住在该地区的柏柏尔人部族在阿布杜勒克里姆领导下起义，抵制了法国和西班牙对该地区的占领。\n\n请问里夫山脉位于哪个国家？", - "你好，Human。里夫山脉位于摩洛哥北部的多山海岸地区。希望这个答案对您有所帮助。" + "里夫山脉位于摩洛哥北部的多山海岸地区。希望这个答案对您有所帮助。" ], [ "这个地区的气候特点是什么？", @@ -383894,7 +383894,7 @@ "history": [ [ "色盲color blindness一种眼科疾病，表现为对红、绿及蓝三种颜色的一种或一种以上无分辨能力。人类视网膜中有三种锥体细胞能吸收光谱不同部分的光，缺少其中一或多种细胞便会造成色盲。色盲是伴性隐性遗传疾病，男性发病率为女性的二十倍。\n\n请问色盲是怎么引起的？", - "你好，Human！色盲是由于视网膜中的锥状细胞数量或功能异常导致的。正常情况下，人类视网膜中有三种锥状细胞，分别吸收红、绿和蓝三种颜色光谱的不同部分。如果缺少或者其中一种或多种细胞功能异常，就会造成色盲。" + "色盲是由于视网膜中的锥状细胞数量或功能异常导致的。正常情况下，人类视网膜中有三种锥状细胞，分别吸收红、绿和蓝三种颜色光谱的不同部分。如果缺少或者其中一种或多种细胞功能异常，就会造成色盲。" ], [ "谢谢解答！请问色盲的遗传方式是什么？", @@ -383970,7 +383970,7 @@ "history": [ [ "威尔逊1869～1959年Wilson, C(harles) T(homson) R(ees)英国物理学家，发明威尔逊云室，该云室广泛应用于放射性、X射线、宇宙线和其他核现象的研究，后来更导致气泡室的发明。他因发明威尔逊云室与美国的康普顿（A H Compton）共获1927年诺贝尔物理学奖。\n\n你好，请问威尔逊是什么时候发明云室的？", - "你好，Human！威尔逊是在20世纪初发明了云室。云室是一种用于探测带电粒子的设备，它使得人们能够在放射性、X射线、宇宙线等相关核现象的研究中观察到带电粒子的轨迹。这一发明对核物理的发展产生了深远的影响，后来还导致了气泡室的发明。" + "威尔逊是在20世纪初发明了云室。云室是一种用于探测带电粒子的设备，它使得人们能够在放射性、X射线、宇宙线等相关核现象的研究中观察到带电粒子的轨迹。这一发明对核物理的发展产生了深远的影响，后来还导致了气泡室的发明。" ], [ "云室是如何工作的？", @@ -384157,7 +384157,7 @@ "history": [ [ "利他主义altruism一种将他人之善作为道德行为目标的伦理学的行为理论。这个词是由拉丁文而来，意指「他人」，为实证主义创始人孔德（Auguste Comte）在19世纪创造的，一般被方便地用作利己主义（egoism）的对立面。作为一种行为理论，它的根据充分与否要视对于「善」的解释而定。假如「善」被认为是快乐和没有痛苦，或者幸福被作为生活的目标，那么多数伦理学家都认为有道德的行为者有责任促进他人的快乐和减少他人的痛苦。\n\n请问能简单给我解释一下，“利他主义”这个词的含义和来源吗？", - "你好，Human！利他主义（altruism）是一种伦理学的行为理论，主张将他人之善作为道德行为的目标。这个词源于拉丁文，表示“他人”，由实证主义创始人奥古斯特·孔德（Auguste Comte）在19世纪创建。它通常被视为利己主义（egoism）的对立面。利他主义的根据是否充分取决于对“善”的解释。如果“善”被认为是快乐和没有痛苦，或者幸福被视为生活的目标，那么多数伦理学家认为，有道德的行为者有责任促进他人的快乐和减少他人的痛苦。" + "利他主义（altruism）是一种伦理学的行为理论，主张将他人之善作为道德行为的目标。这个词源于拉丁文，表示“他人”，由实证主义创始人奥古斯特·孔德（Auguste Comte）在19世纪创建。它通常被视为利己主义（egoism）的对立面。利他主义的根据是否充分取决于对“善”的解释。如果“善”被认为是快乐和没有痛苦，或者幸福被视为生活的目标，那么多数伦理学家认为，有道德的行为者有责任促进他人的快乐和减少他人的痛苦。" ], [ "那你能举个利他主义的具体实例来帮我更好地理解这个概念吗？", @@ -384176,7 +384176,7 @@ "history": [ [ "武满彻1930～1996年Takemitsu, Toru日本作曲家。1951年创立东京实验工坊，促使日本音乐与现代欧洲的发展整合。很快受到公认为日本最重要的作曲家，探索将传统日本主题与乐器与序列主义、偶然音乐、图形记谱与电子音乐结合（例如1967年琵琶、尺八与管弦乐合奏的《十一月的脚步》），创造独特的音响世界，其中寂静占很大的比例。\n\n请问你能告诉我武满彻这位作曲家的一些基本信息吗？", - "你好，Human！武满彻（1930-1996），全名Takemitsu Toru，是一位著名的日本作曲家。他在1951年创立了东京实验工坊，旨在将日本音乐与现代欧洲的发展融合在一起。很快，他被公认为日本最重要的作曲家。他的作品探索了将传统日本主题与乐器与序列主义、偶然音乐、图形记谱和电子音乐相结合，从而创造出独特的音响世界，其中寂静占据了很大的比例。" + "武满彻（1930-1996），全名Takemitsu Toru，是一位著名的日本作曲家。他在1951年创立了东京实验工坊，旨在将日本音乐与现代欧洲的发展融合在一起。很快，他被公认为日本最重要的作曲家。他的作品探索了将传统日本主题与乐器与序列主义、偶然音乐、图形记谱和电子音乐相结合，从而创造出独特的音响世界，其中寂静占据了很大的比例。" ], [ "那能否简要介绍一下东京实验工坊是什么样的组织？", @@ -384408,7 +384408,7 @@ "history": [ [ "没收confiscation在财产法中，指将私人财产收归国家或君主使用的行为。没收作为国家权力的附属物可以追溯到罗马帝国甚至更早的时候，它以某种形式存在于世界上大多数国家中。它最通常指的是，财产所有人的行为触犯了禁律，国家或君主将其财产加以剥夺。参阅eminent domain和search and seizure。\n\n你好，我想了解一下没收confiscation在财产法中的概念和用途。", - "你好，Human！没收confiscation是指将私人财产收归国家或君主使用的行为。这种做法可以追溯到罗马帝国甚至更早的时代，在世界上大多数国家中都以某种形式存在。它通常是针对财产所有人触犯了禁律的情况，由国家或君主剥夺其财产。与之相关的概念还有eminent domain（征地权）和search and seizure（搜查与扣押）。" + "没收confiscation是指将私人财产收归国家或君主使用的行为。这种做法可以追溯到罗马帝国甚至更早的时代，在世界上大多数国家中都以某种形式存在。它通常是针对财产所有人触犯了禁律的情况，由国家或君主剥夺其财产。与之相关的概念还有eminent domain（征地权）和search and seizure（搜查与扣押）。" ], [ "能给我举一个没收财产的具体案例吗？", @@ -384655,7 +384655,7 @@ "history": [ [ "红河Red River中国称元江（Yuan Chiang）越语作Song Hong亚洲东南部的河流。发源于中国南部云南省，向东南流经越南、穿过河内进入东京湾。它是越南北部主要河流，全长约805公里，在河内东部有一个宽阔、肥沃的三角洲。\n\n你好，我刚刚了解到一个河流，叫做红河，它位于亚洲东南部。我想了解一下红河的起源地和河流走向。", - "你好，Human！红河（Red River）又称元江，在越南被称为Song Hong。它发源于中国南部的云南省。红河从云南省向东南流经越南，穿过越南首都河内，并进入东京湾。希望这些信息对你有所帮助。" + "红河（Red River）又称元江，在越南被称为Song Hong。它发源于中国南部的云南省。红河从云南省向东南流经越南，穿过越南首都河内，并进入东京湾。希望这些信息对你有所帮助。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。红河在越南的地理位置是否具有特殊意义？", @@ -385159,7 +385159,7 @@ "history": [ [ "摩西1860～1961年Moses, Grandma原名Anna Mary Robertson美国风俗画画家。1927年她的丈夫死后开始刺绣。后因关节炎放弃刺绣，转向绘画。1938年高龄七十八岁的摩西在一家杂货店举办第一次画展。随后她创作了1,000多幅有关世纪之交的农村生活怀旧作品（如《感恩节前捉火鸡》、《过河去看奶奶》）。到了1939年，她的画作已在国际上展出，从1946年起她的画经常被印在节日卡片上。活到一百零一岁才去世。\n\n你好，请问摩西这位画家有什么特别之处呢？", - "你好，Human！摩西（Grandma Moses）原名Anna Mary Robertson，是一位美国风俗画家，她特别之处有以下几点：1. 晚年开始绘画，她在丈夫去世后的1927年开始刺绣，后来因关节炎放弃刺绣而转向绘画；2. 高龄时展露头角，1938年78岁时在一家杂货店举办了第一次画展；3. 她创作了大量描绘世纪之交农村生活怀旧题材的作品，如《感恩节前捉火鸡》、《过河去看奶奶》；4. 她的画作在国际上受到关注，1946年起她的画经常被印在节日卡片上；5. 她有很长的寿命，活到了101岁。" + "摩西（Grandma Moses）原名Anna Mary Robertson，是一位美国风俗画家，她特别之处有以下几点：1. 晚年开始绘画，她在丈夫去世后的1927年开始刺绣，后来因关节炎放弃刺绣而转向绘画；2. 高龄时展露头角，1938年78岁时在一家杂货店举办了第一次画展；3. 她创作了大量描绘世纪之交农村生活怀旧题材的作品，如《感恩节前捉火鸡》、《过河去看奶奶》；4. 她的画作在国际上受到关注，1946年起她的画经常被印在节日卡片上；5. 她有很长的寿命，活到了101岁。" ], [ "那么，请问摩西的画作传达了哪些主题？", @@ -385197,7 +385197,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伽勃1890～1977年Gabo, Naum原名Naum Pevsner俄罗斯裔美籍雕刻家。曾在慕尼黑大学就读，1913年在巴黎由他的哥哥安东尼佩夫斯纳带领他进入前卫艺术的世界。1920年兄弟两回到俄国，发表「现实主义宣言」，说明了欧洲构成主义的原则。他使用玻璃、塑胶、金属和铁丝等非传统材料来制作抽象作品。1922年离开俄国，在欧洲各地度过一些岁月后，1946年定居美国，1953～1954年在哈佛大学建筑研究所任教。他的作品得过许多奖，也受托制作许多公共作品。他是构成主义运动的先锋，也是最早实验动态雕刻的艺术家之一。\n\n你好，请问你可以简单介绍一下伽勃这位艺术家吗？", - "你好，Human！伽勃（Gabo，Naum），原名Naum Pevsner，1890-1977年，是一位俄罗斯裔美籍雕刻家。1913年在巴黎，由哥哥安东尼佩夫斯纳带领他进入前卫艺术的世界。1920年，兄弟俩在俄国公布了「现实主义宣言」，阐述了欧洲构成主义的原则。伽勃利用非传统材料如玻璃、塑胶、金属和铁丝等制作抽象作品。他曾经在欧洲各地生活，最终于1946年定居美国，1953-1954年在哈佛大学建筑研究所任教。他的作品荣获多个奖项，并被委托创作公共艺术作品。伽勃是构成主义运动的先锋，也是最早尝试动态雕刻的艺术家之一。" + "伽勃（Gabo，Naum），原名Naum Pevsner，1890-1977年，是一位俄罗斯裔美籍雕刻家。1913年在巴黎，由哥哥安东尼佩夫斯纳带领他进入前卫艺术的世界。1920年，兄弟俩在俄国公布了「现实主义宣言」，阐述了欧洲构成主义的原则。伽勃利用非传统材料如玻璃、塑胶、金属和铁丝等制作抽象作品。他曾经在欧洲各地生活，最终于1946年定居美国，1953-1954年在哈佛大学建筑研究所任教。他的作品荣获多个奖项，并被委托创作公共艺术作品。伽勃是构成主义运动的先锋，也是最早尝试动态雕刻的艺术家之一。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍。那么在伽勃的艺术生涯中哪些作品最具代表性？", @@ -385350,7 +385350,7 @@ "history": [ [ "帕潘德里欧1888～1968年Papandreou, Georgios希腊总理（1944、1963、1964～1965）。1915年以自由主义者的身分开始其政治生涯，1923～1933年间担任教育部长。1935年创立民主社会党，此后流亡国外。1944年他曾领导希腊联合政府，不过时间不长。1946～1952年，在历届政府担任部长职务。他将民主社会党与自由党合并，并于1961年创立了中间派联盟党。在总理任职期间，于1964年推行广泛的社会改革。1965年被国王革职。1067年军事政变后，与其子安德烈亚斯帕潘德里欧同遭短期监禁。\n\n你好，请问帕潘德里欧是谁，他在哪个时期具有重要影响力？", - "你好，Human! 帕潘德里欧（Georgios Papandreou）是一位希腊政治家，他曾在不同阶段担任过希腊总理。他的影响力主要体现在20世纪中叶，特别是在1944年，1963年以及1964至1965年间。他在政治生涯中创立了民主社会党，合并了自由党，并领导了中间派联盟党。他还推行了广泛的社会改革。" + "帕潘德里欧（Georgios Papandreou）是一位希腊政治家，他曾在不同阶段担任过希腊总理。他的影响力主要体现在20世纪中叶，特别是在1944年，1963年以及1964至1965年间。他在政治生涯中创立了民主社会党，合并了自由党，并领导了中间派联盟党。他还推行了广泛的社会改革。" ], [ "请简要介绍一下帕潘德里欧在1964年所推行的广泛社会改革。", @@ -385575,7 +385575,7 @@ "history": [ [ "舞台设计stage design舞台演出中灯光、布景、服装、音响等组合效果的美学创作。早在西元前4世纪的古希腊戏剧中，诸如描画的屏风以及能旋转的平台等就有所使用。但舞台设计中使用的大部分创新发明是在文艺复兴时期的义大利出现的，当时绘景式背景、透视式建筑背景以及众多的布景变换都很常见。义大利的舞台置景技术于1605年由琼斯（I Jones）介绍到英国。到19世纪后期，舞台置景更多地受到新起的自然主义的影响，主张要历史地还原真实的原貌。到了20世纪，简化了的舞台设计更多地把注意力集中到演员身上。舞台设计一直受到灯光进步的影响，从文艺复兴时代使用蜡烛，到18世纪使用油灯，直到19世纪使用煤气灯和电灯。当代的舞台灯光由电脑控制板来操控，取得复杂的灯光效果，能将整个舞台的所有视觉元素组合成一个完整的统一体。\n\n你好，舞台设计是如何在古希腊时期演变的？", - "你好，Human！在古希腊时期，舞台设计还处于一个较为初级的阶段。早在西元前4世纪的古希腊戏剧中，有一些简单的舞台布景和道具，如描画的屏风以及能旋转的平台等。这些早期的舞台设计元素虽然相对简单，但它们却为后来的舞台设计发展奠定了基础。" + "在古希腊时期，舞台设计还处于一个较为初级的阶段。早在西元前4世纪的古希腊戏剧中，有一些简单的舞台布景和道具，如描画的屏风以及能旋转的平台等。这些早期的舞台设计元素虽然相对简单，但它们却为后来的舞台设计发展奠定了基础。" ], [ "那么文艺复兴时期的舞台设计有哪些创新呢？", @@ -385598,7 +385598,7 @@ "history": [ [ "普利马蒂乔1504/1505～1570年Primaticcio, Francesco义大利－法国画家、雕刻家和建筑家。1532年法兰西斯一世邀请他帮忙装饰枫丹白露宫，普利马蒂乔成为法国最主要的艺术家之一，余生都在此度过，仅到义大利做短暂旅行。他在绘画和灰泥雕刻中的装饰风格特别强调人物形象，其人物造型通常表现出夸张的肌肉组织和活动的、修长的外表，对16世纪的法国艺术影响极大。他是法国最早用古典神话主题代替宗教主题的艺术家之一，给义大利风格主义带来了宁静的法国典雅风味。\n\n你好，请问你对普利马蒂乔有了解吗？", - "你好，Human！我对普利马蒂乔（Francesco Primaticcio）有一定的了解。他是一位生活在1504年至1570年之间的义大利－法国画家、雕刻家和建筑家。他主要活跃在16世纪的法国艺术领域，且对法国艺术产生了极大影响。" + "我对普利马蒂乔（Francesco Primaticcio）有一定的了解。他是一位生活在1504年至1570年之间的义大利－法国画家、雕刻家和建筑家。他主要活跃在16世纪的法国艺术领域，且对法国艺术产生了极大影响。" ], [ "老法兰西斯一世为什么会邀请普利马蒂乔去法国？", @@ -385907,7 +385907,7 @@ "history": [ [ "陪审推事assessor指经法院约请提供法律建议和帮助的人，在许多场合下，他们是作为法官在法庭上处理实际案件的。在美国也使用这术语，指的是为征税而对财产进行估价的官员。19世纪末欧洲大陆许多地方任命了陪审推事，其目的是想限制随着法国大革命实行的陪审团制度的影响。于是陪审推事代表回归到欧洲的民法（civil-law）传统。在英国和美国，海商法院和海事法院以及一些其他的民事法庭中有用到陪审推事。\n\n请根据我提供的信息给我解释一下什么是陪审推事？", - "你好Human，陪审推事指的是经法院约请提供法律建议和帮助的人。他们在不同国家和法庭中担任不同的角色。在美国，陪审推事是为征税对财产进行估价的官员；而在欧洲大陆，他们被任命以限制法国大革命实行的陪审团制度的影响，并回归到欧洲的民法传统。同时，在英国和美国的海商法院、海事法院以及一些其他的民事法庭中也使用了陪审推事。" + "陪审推事指的是经法院约请提供法律建议和帮助的人。他们在不同国家和法庭中担任不同的角色。在美国，陪审推事是为征税对财产进行估价的官员；而在欧洲大陆，他们被任命以限制法国大革命实行的陪审团制度的影响，并回归到欧洲的民法传统。同时，在英国和美国的海商法院、海事法院以及一些其他的民事法庭中也使用了陪审推事。" ], [ "请问美国的陪审推事和欧洲大陆的陪审推事有什么区别？", @@ -386438,7 +386438,7 @@ "history": [ [ "食肉植物carnivorous plant也称食虫植物。能藉由特化的结构捕取昆虫或其他小动物，并能消化含氮丰富的动物蛋白质以获得营养的植物，已知约有四百种。这些适应形态被认为能够使这种植物在极端环境下生存。其诱捕机制（多为叶的变态）是用来吸引猎物上当。半数以上的种属于狸藻科，其特点是花两侧对称，花瓣融合，大多数是狸藻。其余的食肉植物属于其他一些科，包括瓶子草类、茅膏菜和捕蝇草。大部分食肉植物都生长在潮湿荒地，酸沼、树沼、泥岸等水分丰富而土壤酸性氮素缺乏的生境。大部分食肉植物是多年生草本，猪笼草属有些种为大灌木状藤本，最小的茅膏菜属种类常隐藏在水藓沼泽的地衣中。\n\n请问食肉植物是什么？它们为什么要捕食昆虫和其他小动物？", - "你好，Human。食肉植物，又称食虫植物，是一类能通过特殊结构捕捉并消化昆虫或其他小动物的植物。它们捕食昆虫和小动物主要是为了获得含氮丰富的动物蛋白质来补充营养。这些植物通常生活在水分丰富但土壤酸性氮素缺乏的环境中，这种生存方式使它们能在这样的极端环境下生存。" + "食肉植物，又称食虫植物，是一类能通过特殊结构捕捉并消化昆虫或其他小动物的植物。它们捕食昆虫和小动物主要是为了获得含氮丰富的动物蛋白质来补充营养。这些植物通常生活在水分丰富但土壤酸性氮素缺乏的环境中，这种生存方式使它们能在这样的极端环境下生存。" ], [ "食肉植物有多少种，它们的诱捕机制是怎样的？", @@ -386602,7 +386602,7 @@ "history": [ [ "仙人掌属opuntia仙人掌科最大的属，原产于新大陆，主要特征是具有倒钩的硬毛。按茎的节段的形态又分为许多类群。乔利亚掌各段呈圆柱状；仙人果各段呈扁平状。大小从小型耐寒到大似乔木状种类都有。在北半球也是仙人掌科中分布范围达到最北的种类。\n\n根据这段信息，你能简单介绍一下仙人掌属opuntia吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。仙人掌属（Opuntia）是仙人掌科中最大的一个属，原产于新大陆。其主要特征是茎上的倒钩硬毛。根据茎的节段形态，仙人掌属又可以分为许多类群。例如，乔利亚掌各段呈圆柱状，而仙人果各段呈扁平状。它们的大小从小型耐寒种类到类似于乔木状的大型种类都有。此外，仙人掌属在北半球的分布范围也是仙人掌科中最北的。" + "当然可以。仙人掌属（Opuntia）是仙人掌科中最大的一个属，原产于新大陆。其主要特征是茎上的倒钩硬毛。根据茎的节段形态，仙人掌属又可以分为许多类群。例如，乔利亚掌各段呈圆柱状，而仙人果各段呈扁平状。它们的大小从小型耐寒种类到类似于乔木状的大型种类都有。此外，仙人掌属在北半球的分布范围也是仙人掌科中最北的。" ], [ "仙人掌主要生长在哪些地区？", @@ -386804,7 +386804,7 @@ "history": [ [ "李1550～1610?年Lee, William英国发明家，发明了第一台针织机。李的原型机（1589）是唯一一台用了几百年的针织机，其工作原理至今尚在应用。伊莉莎白一世出于对国内手工针织工人的关心，两次拒绝给他专利权。由于得到法国亨利四世的赞助，李后来在卢昂生产袜子。\n\n请问李在什么时候发明了针织机？", - "你好，Human。李（William Lee）在大约1589年发明了第一台针织机。这个发明对针织行业产生了重要的影响，其工作原理至今仍在应用。" + "李（William Lee）在大约1589年发明了第一台针织机。这个发明对针织行业产生了重要的影响，其工作原理至今仍在应用。" ], [ "请简要概括一下针织机的工作原理。", @@ -386823,7 +386823,7 @@ "history": [ [ "施维特斯1887～1948年Schwitters, Kurt德国达达主义艺术家和诗人。1918年起与柏林达达派艺术家交往，1924年移居汉诺威。他用各种日用品（火车票、线轴、报纸和邮票）组配成拚贴画和其他雕塑品。他的诗歌是新闻标题、广告语和其他印刷品用语的合成。他把自己的一切艺术活动（以及后来的日常活动，甚至他自己本身）称为「梅尔茨」，即截取单词Kommerzbank（商业）所剩下的音节。1937年纳粹党宣布其艺术「颓废」后，他移居挪威，后来又到英国。\n\n你好，请问施维特斯是哪个国家的艺术家？", - "你好，Human！施维特斯（Kurt Schwitters）是一位德国的达达主义艺术家和诗人。他的艺术生涯和成就主要在20世纪的前半段。" + "施维特斯（Kurt Schwitters）是一位德国的达达主义艺术家和诗人。他的艺术生涯和成就主要在20世纪的前半段。" ], [ "他的艺术作品有什么特点？", @@ -386865,7 +386865,7 @@ "history": [ [ "塔林Tallinn旧称Revel（1918年以前）爱沙尼亚首都，海港城市。滨临芬兰湾。从西元前1000年晚期就存在设防的定居点。12世纪时这里有一座城镇。1219年被丹麦人占领，丹麦人建立新要塞。1285年该城加入汉撒同盟后贸易开始繁荣起来。1346年被卖给条顿骑士团。1561年转归瑞典。1710年俄国占领之。直到1918年才成为爱沙尼亚首都，1940年爱沙尼亚并入苏联的一个加盟共和国（1940～1991）。第二次世界大战期间，1941～1944年遭德军占领，受到严重破坏。重建后，1991年成为独立的爱沙尼亚的首都。现为爱沙尼亚的主要商业和渔业港口、产业中心、文化中心。这里有许多教育机构。历史建筑包括一座中世纪的城墙和一座13世纪的教堂。人口约435,0009（1996）。\n\n请问塔林这座城市有哪些著名的历史建筑？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，塔林拥有一些著名的历史建筑，包括一座中世纪的城墙和一座13世纪的教堂。这些历史建筑见证了塔林的悠久历史和文化底蕴。" + "根据你提供的信息，塔林拥有一些著名的历史建筑，包括一座中世纪的城墙和一座13世纪的教堂。这些历史建筑见证了塔林的悠久历史和文化底蕴。" ], [ "那么这座中世纪的城墙起到了什么作用呢？", @@ -387045,7 +387045,7 @@ "history": [ [ "基切人Quiche亦作K'iche或Kiche居住在瓜地马拉中西部高地的马雅印第安人。在前哥伦布时期已具有先进的文明和高度发展的政治和社会组织。基切人都务农，住房为茅草屋，织物和陶器是非常普遍的手工制品。他们名义上信仰天主教，参加该村的一些宗教团体。现在有七十万～八十万的基切人。\n\n请问基切人居住在哪个国家？", - "你好，Human。基切人主要居住在瓜地马拉的中西部高地。他们是马雅印第安人的一个分支，在前哥伦布时期就已经具有先进的文明和高度发展的政治、社会组织。" + "基切人主要居住在瓜地马拉的中西部高地。他们是马雅印第安人的一个分支，在前哥伦布时期就已经具有先进的文明和高度发展的政治、社会组织。" ], [ "基切人的主要生活来源是什么？", @@ -387072,7 +387072,7 @@ "history": [ [ "格吕内瓦尔德1475/80～1528年Grünewald, Matthias原名Mathis Gothardt Neithardt或Mathis Gothart Neithart德国画家。早年生活不详。约1509年格吕内瓦尔德成为宫廷画家，后又为美因茨的大主教的艺术监管人，开创了成功的生涯，其绘画集中于宗教主题。1510年左右格吕内瓦尔德受委托为画家杜勒最近完成的祭坛画《圣母升天》画两幅固定的侧翼。1515年他接受了最重要的委托，在亚尔萨斯南部的安东尼泰修道院为伊森海姆祭坛的神龛画一组侧翼画（现收藏于法国科尔马的博物馆）。他的优秀作品，具扭曲人物形象，极端热情奔放，深沈色彩和能展开或折褶的衣褶，为他风格的独特标记。现存的作品约十幅油画和约三十五幅素描。他没有一个知名的学生，不同于他那个时代的画家，不制作木版画和雕版，但他的绘画成就仍然是北欧艺术史上令人惊奇的。\n\n请问格吕内瓦尔德是哪个国家的画家？", - "你好，Human！格吕内瓦尔德是德国的一位画家。他的原名是Mathis Gothardt Neithardt或Mathis Gothart Neithart。如有其他问题，请随时提问。" + "格吕内瓦尔德是德国的一位画家。他的原名是Mathis Gothardt Neithardt或Mathis Gothart Neithart。如有其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "他有哪些著名的画作？", @@ -387319,7 +387319,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瑟隆尼斯孟克1917～1982年Monk, Thelonious (Sphere)原名Thelious Junior Monk美国钢琴家、作曲家和现代爵士乐首创者和最富影响的音乐家。在纽约市长大。他曾在1940～1943年间在纽约「明顿表演室」担任钢琴师，在那里，咆哮乐的和谐乐章得到了发展。他在发行唱片之前曾同霍金斯（C Hawkins）、威廉斯（C Williams）和吉莱斯皮同台演出，并在1947年开始以个人名义演出。他富有个性的带打击乐的表演，常常使用在爵士乐中不常见的尖锐的不和谐音和不连贯的节奏。他最着名的作品「午夜前后」已经成了爵士乐的标准。\n\n请问瑟隆尼斯·孟克是谁？", - "你好，Human！瑟隆尼斯·孟克（Thelonious Monk，1917-1982 年）是一位美国钢琴家、作曲家，也是现代爵士乐的首创者和最具影响力的音乐家之一。他在纽约市长大，曾在 1940 至 1943 年间在纽约的明顿表演室（Minton's Playhouse）担任钢琴师。在那里，咆哮乐的和谐乐章得到了发展。在发行唱片之前，他还与 C. Hawkins、C. Williams 和 Dizzy Gillespie 同台演出，而从 1947 年开始，他便以个人名义演出。" + "瑟隆尼斯·孟克（Thelonious Monk，1917-1982 年）是一位美国钢琴家、作曲家，也是现代爵士乐的首创者和最具影响力的音乐家之一。他在纽约市长大，曾在 1940 至 1943 年间在纽约的明顿表演室（Minton's Playhouse）担任钢琴师。在那里，咆哮乐的和谐乐章得到了发展。在发行唱片之前，他还与 C. Hawkins、C. Williams 和 Dizzy Gillespie 同台演出，而从 1947 年开始，他便以个人名义演出。" ], [ "瑟隆尼斯·孟克的音乐风格有什么特点？", @@ -387357,7 +387357,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布克哈特1818～1897年Burckhardt, Jacob (Christopher)瑞士文化和艺术史家。放弃学习神学后，1839～1843年他开始在柏林大学钻研艺术史，那时是门新领域。在思想成熟后，布克哈特成为文化保守主义者，他与当时的世界疏离，致力于恢复过去历史。1843年起主要在巴塞尔大学（University of Basel）教学，1886年起到他退休（1893）期间专心教授艺术史。1860年出版的《文艺复兴时期的义大利文化》是其声誉卓着的主要着作，分析了当时的生活情况、政治气候以及显要人物的思想，树立了文化历史学家的典范。他在研究希腊文明（四卷本）的工作期间去世。\n\n请问布克哈特是谁？", - "你好，Human！布克哈特（Jacob Christopher Burckhardt）是一位瑞士文化和艺术史家，出生于1818年，逝世于1897年。他最初学习神学，后来转向艺术史，并在柏林大学专研这一新领域。成熟后的布克哈特成为了一名文化保守主义者，专注于研究和挖掘过去的历史。他曾在巴塞尔大学教学，并在1886年至1893年期间专心教授艺术史。他的主要成就之一是出版了《文艺复兴时期的义大利文化》，这本书分析了当时的生活、政治气候和重要人物的思想，奠定了文化历史学家的典范地位。在研究希腊文明的过程中，布克哈特 unfortunately 在世。" + "布克哈特（Jacob Christopher Burckhardt）是一位瑞士文化和艺术史家，出生于1818年，逝世于1897年。他最初学习神学，后来转向艺术史，并在柏林大学专研这一新领域。成熟后的布克哈特成为了一名文化保守主义者，专注于研究和挖掘过去的历史。他曾在巴塞尔大学教学，并在1886年至1893年期间专心教授艺术史。他的主要成就之一是出版了《文艺复兴时期的义大利文化》，这本书分析了当时的生活、政治气候和重要人物的思想，奠定了文化历史学家的典范地位。在研究希腊文明的过程中，布克哈特 unfortunately 在世。" ], [ "请详细介绍一下他的著作《文艺复兴时期的义大利文化》。", @@ -388262,7 +388262,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巨蟹座Cancer在狮子座和双子星座之间的黄道星座。在占星术中，巨蟹宫是黄道十二宫的第四宫，被看成是主宰6月22日～7月22日前后的命宫。巨蟹宫的形象是一只螃蟹，在希腊神话中，这只螃蟹在赫拉克勒斯正同许德拉作战时因夹痛了赫拉克勒斯而被踩死，赫拉克勒斯的敌人赫拉把它放到天上，以为报答。\n\n根据我刚刚提供的关于巨蟹座的信息，能简单地告诉我巨蟹座的基本特征吗？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，巨蟹座是黄道十二星座中的第四个星座。它主宰的时间是从6月22日到7月22日，位于狮子座和双子座之间。巨蟹座的形象是一只螃蟹，这个形象来源于希腊神话。在神话中，这只螃蟹因夹痛了赫拉克勒斯而被踩死，后来被赫拉放到天上。" + "根据提供的信息，巨蟹座是黄道十二星座中的第四个星座。它主宰的时间是从6月22日到7月22日，位于狮子座和双子座之间。巨蟹座的形象是一只螃蟹，这个形象来源于希腊神话。在神话中，这只螃蟹因夹痛了赫拉克勒斯而被踩死，后来被赫拉放到天上。" ], [ "感谢你的回答！能详细说说这个希腊神话的内容吗？", @@ -388327,7 +388327,7 @@ "history": [ [ "不锈钢stainless steel含铁的合金，其中铬含量为10～30%。铬以及少量的碳使该合金具有显着的耐腐性蚀和耐热性。加入铌、锰、钼、磷、硒、硅、硫、钛和锆之类的元素也可获得特殊性能的不锈钢，具有对特殊环境耐腐蚀性及较强的抗氧化性（参阅oxidation-reduction）。\n\n请问不锈钢是由哪些元素组成的？", - "你好Human！不锈钢是一种含铁和铬的合金，其中铬含量为10%至30%。铬成分使得不锈钢具有显著的耐腐蚀和耐热性能。除了铬外，不锈钢还可能含有其他元素，如铌、锰、钼、磷、硒、硅、硫、钛和锆，这些元素都能赋予不锈钢特殊的性能，如加强其耐腐蚀性和抗氧化性。" + "不锈钢是一种含铁和铬的合金，其中铬含量为10%至30%。铬成分使得不锈钢具有显著的耐腐蚀和耐热性能。除了铬外，不锈钢还可能含有其他元素，如铌、锰、钼、磷、硒、硅、硫、钛和锆，这些元素都能赋予不锈钢特殊的性能，如加强其耐腐蚀性和抗氧化性。" ], [ "具有不同成分的不锈钢，在耐腐蚀性和抗氧化性方面有什么不同？", @@ -388922,7 +388922,7 @@ "history": [ [ "君士坦丁七世905～959年Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus拜占庭帝国皇帝（913～959年在位）。利奥六世之子，911年利奥指定他为同朝皇帝。913年成为唯一的统治者。920年与岳父罗曼努斯莱卡佩努斯同朝执政，不久罗曼努斯成为主要的统治者。君士坦丁儒雅好学，他用全部时间从事着述。主要的作品有《帝国行政论》和《论拜占庭宫廷礼仪》。944年罗曼努斯的儿子们急着要继承王位，遂将他们的父亲赶走。君士坦丁七世在确知民众拥护他，便于945年将罗曼努斯的诸子驱逐出境。此后他单独统治国家，直到959年去世。\n\n请问君士坦丁七世是哪个时代的皇帝？", - "你好，Human。君士坦丁七世是拜占庭帝国的皇帝，他生活在公元905年至959年，实际统治时间为913年至959年。拜占庭帝国是罗马帝国的东部地区在西罗马帝国灭亡后独立出来的一个政权，存在于公元330年至1453年之间。因此，君士坦丁七世是拜占庭帝国中期的皇帝。" + "君士坦丁七世是拜占庭帝国的皇帝，他生活在公元905年至959年，实际统治时间为913年至959年。拜占庭帝国是罗马帝国的东部地区在西罗马帝国灭亡后独立出来的一个政权，存在于公元330年至1453年之间。因此，君士坦丁七世是拜占庭帝国中期的皇帝。" ], [ "君士坦丁七世本身具有什么特点？", @@ -388941,7 +388941,7 @@ "history": [ [ "昆体良35?～96年以后Quintilian拉丁语全名Marcus Fabius Quintilianus古罗马修辞学家与教师。出生于西班牙，可能受教于罗马并受到当时第一流雄辩家的实际训练。西元69～88年教授修辞学，成为罗马第一名领受国家薪俸的修辞学教师。并任法庭辩护士。巨着《雄辩家的培训》共十二册，此书论述教育的首要目的是造就熟练的演说家。他主张教师应因材施教和道德教育。他认为教育的最终目的是发展学生的身心与陶冶学生的情操。其教育思想虽在17世纪以后因崇古思想没落不再起作用，但当代全面发展的教育观点则是从他那里直接继承下来的。\n\n我想了解一下昆体良这个人，他是谁？", - "你好，Human！昆体良（Quintilian）全名为马库斯·法比乌斯·昆提利安努斯（Marcus Fabius Quintilianus），是古罗马的一位著名修辞学家和教育家。他出生于西班牙，可能在罗马接受了教育，成为了一名才华横溢的演讲家。西元69-88年，昆体良担任修辞学教授，同时也是罗马第一位领受国家薪俸的修辞学教师。除此之外，他还是一位法庭辩护士。" + "昆体良（Quintilian）全名为马库斯·法比乌斯·昆提利安努斯（Marcus Fabius Quintilianus），是古罗马的一位著名修辞学家和教育家。他出生于西班牙，可能在罗马接受了教育，成为了一名才华横溢的演讲家。西元69-88年，昆体良担任修辞学教授，同时也是罗马第一位领受国家薪俸的修辞学教师。除此之外，他还是一位法庭辩护士。" ], [ "昆提利安努斯是如何影响教育思想的呢？", @@ -389002,7 +389002,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布雷夫科夫斯基1844～1934年Breshkovsky, Catherine俄罗斯革命家。1870年代涉入民粹派革命团体后遭到逮捕，1874～1896年被放逐至西伯利亚。1901年她协助建立社会革命党，又遭到逮捕并被放逐至西伯利亚（1910～1917）。虽然她被称为「革命的小祖母」，却在1917年布尔什维克胜利后反对该党，并移居布拉格。\n\n请问你能给我介绍一下布雷夫科夫斯基这个人吗？", - "当然可以，Human。布雷夫科夫斯基，全名Catherine Breshkovsky（凯瑟琳·布雷什科夫斯基），是一位俄罗斯革命家。她活动的时间跨度较长，从1844年出生至1934年去世。在1870年代，她开始涉入民粹派革命团体，但不久就遭到逮捕。之后，从1874年到1896年，她被流放至西伯利亚。在1901年，她协助建立了社会革命党，但后来又遭逮捕并被再次流放至西伯利亚，直至1917年。尽管她被称为“革命的小祖母”，但在1917年布尔什维克党夺权后，她反对该党的统治，并最终移居布拉格。" + "布雷夫科夫斯基，全名Catherine Breshkovsky（凯瑟琳·布雷什科夫斯基），是一位俄罗斯革命家。她活动的时间跨度较长，从1844年出生至1934年去世。在1870年代，她开始涉入民粹派革命团体，但不久就遭到逮捕。之后，从1874年到1896年，她被流放至西伯利亚。在1901年，她协助建立了社会革命党，但后来又遭逮捕并被再次流放至西伯利亚，直至1917年。尽管她被称为“革命的小祖母”，但在1917年布尔什维克党夺权后，她反对该党的统治，并最终移居布拉格。" ], [ "那为什么她被称为“革命的小祖母”呢？", @@ -389242,7 +389242,7 @@ "history": [ [ "骰子dice供赌博和游戏用的小立方体，每一面标上了从1～6这六个数的小点子。骰子从手里或骰子盒里随机掷出，停后正面上的点数的组合按比赛规则定胜、负、再掷或换庄。在许多棋盘游戏中，常用掷骰子来决定玩者的移动。骰子可以回溯到史前时代，原始人用骰子占卜凶吉，以后才用于赌博。今日，骰子多与机会游戏有关，如克拉普斯。\n\n关于骰子，我有一些疑问，能帮忙解答一下吗？", - "你好，Human！我很乐意帮你解答关于骰子的问题，请问你想知道些什么？" + "我很乐意帮你解答关于骰子的问题，请问你想知道些什么？" ], [ "骰子起源于史前时代，你能具体介绍一下骰子最早是如何诞生的吗？", @@ -389635,7 +389635,7 @@ "history": [ [ "雷明顿1793～1861年Remington, Eliphalet美国火器制造商和发明家。美国康乃狄克州萨菲尔德一个铁匠的儿子，在他父亲位于纽约州乌提卡附近的铁匠铺里长大。1816年他做了第一把燧发机步枪。1828年他在如今纽约州的伊利兴建了一家大的军火厂。他和儿子非罗在武器制造方面作了不少改进，如用反射法校直枪管，成功做出美国第一支铸钢钻孔步枪枪管等。1847年他提供美国海军第一批后膛装填的步枪。在美国南北战争以及第一和第二次世界大战中，他的雷明顿武器公司为美国政府生产小型武器。\n\n你好，我想了解一下雷明顿的历史背景，他具体是什么时候开始制造武器的？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，雷明顿（Eliphalet Remington）出生在1793年，一位美国火器制造商和发明家。他在父亲位于纽约州乌提卡附近的铁匠铺里长大。他制造武器的历史可以追溯到1816年，当时他生产了第一把燧发机步枪。希望这个答案能满足你的好奇心。" + "根据提供的信息，雷明顿（Eliphalet Remington）出生在1793年，一位美国火器制造商和发明家。他在父亲位于纽约州乌提卡附近的铁匠铺里长大。他制造武器的历史可以追溯到1816年，当时他生产了第一把燧发机步枪。希望这个答案能满足你的好奇心。" ], [ "那么雷明顿的军火厂是在哪里成立的，成立的时间是什么时候？", @@ -389973,7 +389973,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奏鸣曲sonata由一件或几件乐器演奏的音乐作品的曲式，通常包含三或四个乐章。在义大利语中，这个名称指「来自乐器的声音」，原意仅仅是指非声乐的音乐，在17世纪晚期用于不同的音乐类型。1650年代两种奏鸣曲合奏--教堂奏鸣曲（sonata da chiesa）和室内奏鸣曲（sonata da camera）得到确认。前者用于教堂表演，通常包含四个乐章，其中两个为慢节奏；后者通常是舞曲组曲。所谓独奏的奏鸣曲（独奏--通常是小提琴，以及持续低音）和三重奏鸣曲（两个独奏和持续低音）成为标准。1740年代开始编写独奏键盘奏鸣曲。巴哈创立了三个乐章的器乐奏鸣曲作为标准，在经典时代一直保持其标准地位。二重唱也是同样的形式，通常用于小提琴和键盘，渐渐变得非常流行。键盘奏鸣曲和二重唱直到今天都是标准形式。从巴哈的时代开始，第一个乐章的速度渐快，并采用奏鸣曲式。第二个乐章的速度通常较慢。最后一个乐章通常是小步舞、轮旋曲和主题和变奏。在一个四乐章的奏鸣曲中，第三个乐章一般是小步舞或诙谐曲。在这些方面，奏鸣曲和交响曲、弦乐四重奏很相似。\n\n奏鸣曲sonata的定义是什么？", - "你好，Human！奏鸣曲（sonata）指的是由一件或几件乐器演奏的音乐作品的曲式，通常包含三或四个乐章。在义大利语中，奏鸣曲的意思是“来自乐器的声音”，原意仅仅是指非声乐的音乐。17世纪晚期，奏鸣曲开始用于不同的音乐类型。" + "奏鸣曲（sonata）指的是由一件或几件乐器演奏的音乐作品的曲式，通常包含三或四个乐章。在义大利语中，奏鸣曲的意思是“来自乐器的声音”，原意仅仅是指非声乐的音乐。17世纪晚期，奏鸣曲开始用于不同的音乐类型。" ], [ "奏鸣曲主要的类型有哪些？", @@ -391121,7 +391121,7 @@ "history": [ [ "钱德勒1888～1959年Chandler, Raymond (Thornton)美国侦探小说家。曾在加拿大陆军服役，后又在皇家飞行大队（后改称皇家空军）服役。1919年回加利福尼亚，任石油公司经理，开始发迹。1930年代经济大萧条时期，转而从事写作以维持生计。早期短篇小说后来拍成电影，其中最着名的有《双重保险》（1944）、《想入非非》（1946）以及《火车上的陌生人》（1951）。他所塑造的私家侦探角色马罗（Philip Marlowe），是一个在洛杉矶黑社会中有理想抱负的硬汉，在他全部的七部长篇小说当中都以马罗为主角，包括《大睡》（1939；1946年拍成电影）、《别了！亲爱的》（1940；1944年拍成电影）和《久别》（1953；1973年拍成电影）。钱德勒和汉密特（Dashiell Hammett）一样是描写硬汉体裁的经典大师。\n\n请问雷蒙德·钱德勒是哪个国家的侦探小说家？", - "你好，Human。雷蒙德·钱德勒（Raymond Chandler）是美国的一位著名侦探小说家。他在20世纪初到中期活跃，创作了许多经典的侦探作品。" + "雷蒙德·钱德勒（Raymond Chandler）是美国的一位著名侦探小说家。他在20世纪初到中期活跃，创作了许多经典的侦探作品。" ], [ "他最著名的作品有哪些？", @@ -391159,7 +391159,7 @@ "history": [ [ "霍尔德曼1926～1993年Haldeman, H(arry) R(obins)尼克森总统任内的白宫幕僚长（1969～1973），因涉入「水门事件」而出名。1949～1968年在广告公司工作，曾为尼克森策画几个政治活动，包括了1968年的总统竞选活动。后出任白宫幕僚长，和埃利希曼同为尼克森最亲近的顾问。发生「水门事件」（参阅Watergate scandal）之后，他参与白宫推卸罪责的活动，极力掩盖在1972年总统竞选中使用的「卑鄙伎两」。1973年被迫辞去职务，1975年被指控在水门事件发生后作伪证、进行阴谋活动和阻挠司法官的调查工作而被判刑；入狱服刑十八个月。\n\n我想了解一下霍尔德曼这个人物，他是谁？", - "你好，Human！霍尔德曼，全名H(arry) R(obins) Haldeman，是尼克森总统任内的白宫幕僚长（1969～1973），因涉入著名的“水门事件”而出名。他在1949年至1968年期间曾在广告公司工作，并为尼克森策划了一些政治活动，包括1968年的总统竞选。后来，他成为白宫幕僚长，并与埃利希曼一起成为尼克森最亲近的顾问。在“水门事件”爆发后，他参与了白宫推卸罪责的活动，并试图掩盖在1972年总统竞选中所使用的卑鄙手段。最终，他在1973年被迫辞职，1975年被判刑，入狱服刑18个月。" + "霍尔德曼，全名H(arry) R(obins) Haldeman，是尼克森总统任内的白宫幕僚长（1969～1973），因涉入著名的“水门事件”而出名。他在1949年至1968年期间曾在广告公司工作，并为尼克森策划了一些政治活动，包括1968年的总统竞选。后来，他成为白宫幕僚长，并与埃利希曼一起成为尼克森最亲近的顾问。在“水门事件”爆发后，他参与了白宫推卸罪责的活动，并试图掩盖在1972年总统竞选中所使用的卑鄙手段。最终，他在1973年被迫辞职，1975年被判刑，入狱服刑18个月。" ], [ "什么是水门事件？它发生在什么时候？", @@ -391216,7 +391216,7 @@ "history": [ [ "史克里亚宾1872～1915年Scriabin, Alexsandr (Nikolaevich)俄国作曲家和钢琴家。曾在莫斯科音乐学院学习钢琴，随后开始了成功的音乐会生涯。他早期的音乐大部分是钢琴曲（包括练习曲、前奏和奏鸣曲），也有两首交响乐和一首钢琴协奏曲。受华格纳和尼采困扰，他开始创作一种以「神秘和音」为基础的崭新的非音调风格，产生了第三交响曲和《神圣之诗》（1904）。后来相信通神论，创作了诗曲《狂喜之诗》（1908），又在他的《普罗米修斯》（1910）中试验融洽的轻音乐，为他宏大的歌剧仪式《神秘物质》做准备，但是未能开始。四十三岁时死于唇瘤。\n\n你好，请根据这段描述，告诉我史克里亚宾的生涯中的一些重要成就。", - "你好，Human! 史克里亚宾(Alexsandr Nikolaevich Scriabin)是一位著名的俄国作曲家和钢琴家。他曾在莫斯科音乐学院学习钢琴，并随后开始了一个成功的音乐会生涯。他的早期作品主要为钢琴曲，包括练习曲、前奏和奏鸣曲，还创作了两首交响乐和一首钢琴协奏曲。在受到华格纳和尼采的影响后，他尝试创作一种以\"神秘和音\"为基础的非音调风格，这表现在他的第三交响曲和《神圣之诗》（1904年）等作品中。后期他相信通神论，并创作了诗曲《狂喜之诗》（1908年）、在《普罗米修斯》（1910年）中试验融洽的轻音乐。然而，他未能开始为他宏大的歌剧仪式《神秘物质》做准备。终在43岁时因唇瘤去世。" + "史克里亚宾(Alexsandr Nikolaevich Scriabin)是一位著名的俄国作曲家和钢琴家。他曾在莫斯科音乐学院学习钢琴，并随后开始了一个成功的音乐会生涯。他的早期作品主要为钢琴曲，包括练习曲、前奏和奏鸣曲，还创作了两首交响乐和一首钢琴协奏曲。在受到华格纳和尼采的影响后，他尝试创作一种以\"神秘和音\"为基础的非音调风格，这表现在他的第三交响曲和《神圣之诗》（1904年）等作品中。后期他相信通神论，并创作了诗曲《狂喜之诗》（1908年）、在《普罗米修斯》（1910年）中试验融洽的轻音乐。然而，他未能开始为他宏大的歌剧仪式《神秘物质》做准备。终在43岁时因唇瘤去世。" ], [ "他的音乐风格发生了哪些转变？哪些因素导致了这些转变？", @@ -391258,7 +391258,7 @@ "history": [ [ "科切拉谷地Coachella Valley美国加州南部谷地。属科罗拉多沙漠的一部分。自索尔顿湖向西北延伸，长72公里，宽24公里。科切拉运河主干灌溉网为谷地富庶的农区。谷地北段有着名沙漠游览区，如棕榈泉。\n\n关于科切拉谷地，能简单描述下它的地理位置吗？", - "你好，Human！科切拉谷地位于美国加州南部，是科罗拉多沙漠的一部分。它从索尔顿湖向西北延伸，长度约72公里，宽度约24公里。因此，科切拉谷地位于美国加州南部的一个大型沙漠区域。" + "科切拉谷地位于美国加州南部，是科罗拉多沙漠的一部分。它从索尔顿湖向西北延伸，长度约72公里，宽度约24公里。因此，科切拉谷地位于美国加州南部的一个大型沙漠区域。" ], [ "然后谈谈这个地方的特色？", @@ -391361,7 +391361,7 @@ "history": [ [ "水芹cress十字花科数种植物的通称。其幼嫩的基部叶片辛辣，可用于沙拉或当做香料与食品添饰物。水田芥（Nasturtium officianale）可能是最受欢迎的食用水芹，原产于欧洲，但广泛移栽于世界各地的河川、池塘与沟渠。独行菜（Lepidium sativum）为另一种水芹，原产于亚洲西部，生长快速，被广植于世界各地，特别是卷叶的一型，也可以作食品添饰用。其他还有：近缘种山芹（B vulgaris），是一种常见杂草；野生变种苦水芹（Cardamine pratensis）；以及南芥属的观赏植物。\n\n请问水芹是什么植物，有什么特点呢？", - "你好，Human！水芹是十字花科几种植物的通称，它们的幼嫩基部叶片辛辣，常用于沙拉或作为香料和食品添饰物。比较受欢迎的食用水芹有水田芥（Nasturtium officianale）和独行菜（Lepidium sativum）。水田芥原产于欧洲，现广泛移栽于世界各地的河川、池塘与沟渠；而独行菜则原产于亚洲西部，生长快速，特别是卷叶的一型，也可以作食品添饰用。" + "水芹是十字花科几种植物的通称，它们的幼嫩基部叶片辛辣，常用于沙拉或作为香料和食品添饰物。比较受欢迎的食用水芹有水田芥（Nasturtium officianale）和独行菜（Lepidium sativum）。水田芥原产于欧洲，现广泛移栽于世界各地的河川、池塘与沟渠；而独行菜则原产于亚洲西部，生长快速，特别是卷叶的一型，也可以作食品添饰用。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释。那么水田芥和独行菜在种植上有什么不同吗？", @@ -391844,7 +391844,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴比伦尼亚Babylonia亚洲西南部幼发拉底河谷的古代文化地区。这一地区原来分成两个部分，一是东南部的苏美，一是西北部的阿卡德，西元前2000年以后首次被阿莫里特人征服，由于汉摩拉比，巴比伦尼亚成为一个强盛的帝国。但他死后，帝国也随之衰落。来自东部山区的喀西特人掌握政权，建立一个延续四百年的王朝。埃兰征服巴比伦尼亚（约西元前1157年）后，随着一连串战争后建立了新的王朝，其中最杰出的国王是尼布甲尼撒一世（Nebuchadnezzar I，约西元前1124～西元前1103年在位）。在他之后发生了亚述、阿拉米（参阅Aramaeans）和加尔底亚为争夺巴比伦尼亚展开一场三角斗争。从西元前9世纪起到西元前7世纪下半叶亚述帝国灭亡止，统治巴比伦尼亚的多半为亚述国王。西元前7世纪至西元前6世纪时，加尔底亚人尼布甲尼撒二世创造了巴比伦尼亚最辉煌也是最后一个鼎盛的时期，他征服了叙利亚和巴勒斯坦，还重建首都巴比伦。西元前539年波斯居鲁士大帝和西元前331年亚历山大大帝先后占领巴比伦尼亚。这个地区后来逐渐被放弃。\n\n你好，请问巴比伦尼亚地区最早是由哪两个部分组成的？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，巴比伦尼亚地区最早分成了两个部分，一个是东南部的苏美，另一个是西北部的阿卡德。这两个部分组成了古代文化地区巴比伦尼亚。这样的划分有助于理解巴比伦尼亚的历史背景和地理位置。" + "根据提供的信息，巴比伦尼亚地区最早分成了两个部分，一个是东南部的苏美，另一个是西北部的阿卡德。这两个部分组成了古代文化地区巴比伦尼亚。这样的划分有助于理解巴比伦尼亚的历史背景和地理位置。" ], [ "能详细介绍一下汉摩拉比和他在巴比伦尼亚所起到的作用吗？", @@ -391978,7 +391978,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法国国家图书馆Bibliothèque Nationale de France法国最重要的图书馆，也是世界上最古老的图书馆之一。是法国第一所皇家图书馆，国王图书馆始自查理五世统治时期（1364～1380），但后来解散了；另一个在路易十一世（1461～1483年在位）时期建立。1537年起，图书馆接受法国每一种出版物的副本。16世纪晚期从枫丹白露迁移至巴黎，1692年对外开放。1795年更名为法国国家图书馆，透过大革命时期的拨款和拿破仑的强取豪夺，其藏书得以扩增。1995年搬到新址，新馆的设计颇具争议性，现在那里摆放了国家图书馆全部的书籍（逾一千两百万册）、期刊和杂志。\n\n你好，请根据我刚才给你的法国国家图书馆的介绍，告诉我这座图书馆是法国的第一所皇家图书馆吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，根据你给的信息，法国国家图书馆（Bibliothèque Nationale de France）是法国第一所皇家图书馆。最早的国王图书馆始自查理五世统治时期（1364～1380），后来曾经解散，然后在路易十一世（1461～1483年在位）时期重建。这座图书馆承载着丰富的历史。" + "是的，根据你给的信息，法国国家图书馆（Bibliothèque Nationale de France）是法国第一所皇家图书馆。最早的国王图书馆始自查理五世统治时期（1364～1380），后来曾经解散，然后在路易十一世（1461～1483年在位）时期重建。这座图书馆承载着丰富的历史。" ], [ "那么它包含哪些类型的收藏品呢？", @@ -392423,7 +392423,7 @@ "history": [ [ "γ射线gamma ray穿透性电磁辐射，性质与X射线相同，但波长较短，能量较高，由某些放射性物质（参阅gamma decay和radioactivity）自发发射。γ辐射有时来自某些亚原子粒子（如π介子和Σ粒子）的衰变及粒子与反粒子的湮没。γ射线可引发核裂变，γ射线光子通过自由电子散射（康普顿效应）而丧失能量，或通过从原子射出电子而完全被吸收（光电效应）。\n\n请针对这段关于γ射线的信息，告诉我γ射线的特点及其来源。", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，γ射线是一种穿透性极强的电磁辐射。它的性质与X射线相似，但它的波长更短，能量更高。主要来自以下两个方面的来源：1) 某些放射性物质（如γ衰变和放射现象相关的物质）自发地发射γ射线。2) 有时亦来自某些亚原子粒子（例如π介子和Σ粒子）的衰变，以及粒子与反粒子之间的湮灭过程。" + "根据提供的信息，γ射线是一种穿透性极强的电磁辐射。它的性质与X射线相似，但它的波长更短，能量更高。主要来自以下两个方面的来源：1) 某些放射性物质（如γ衰变和放射现象相关的物质）自发地发射γ射线。2) 有时亦来自某些亚原子粒子（例如π介子和Σ粒子）的衰变，以及粒子与反粒子之间的湮灭过程。" ], [ "那么γ射线是如何与物质相互作用的呢？", @@ -392580,7 +392580,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蓝草音乐bluegrass第二次世界大战后出现的一种乡村和西部音乐风格，直接从诸如卡特家族等弦乐团的音乐发展而来。蓝草与其前身不同的是具有更强烈的切分节奏、更高的领唱男高音、更紧凑的和弦、有驱动力的节奏，以及受爵士乐、蓝调的强烈影响。他们非常重视班卓琴，总是以独特的三指风格演奏，这种风格是从史古吉（Earl Scruggs）发展而来的。曼陀林和提琴也是一大特色，传统的方块舞曲、宗教歌曲和民谣在曲目中占有很大的比例。蓝草音乐为门罗及其「蓝草男孩」（Blue Grass Boys）乐团所创。从1940年代末期开始，其知名度不断扩大；1970年代起，有一批更年轻的音乐人加入，带来了摇滚乐风。\n\n你好，请问你了解蓝草音乐吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解蓝草音乐。蓝草音乐是一种起源于二战后的乡村和西部音乐风格，它是从卡特家族等弦乐团的音乐发展而来的，具有独特的特点。如果你有关于蓝草音乐的问题，请随时告诉我。" + "我了解蓝草音乐。蓝草音乐是一种起源于二战后的乡村和西部音乐风格，它是从卡特家族等弦乐团的音乐发展而来的，具有独特的特点。如果你有关于蓝草音乐的问题，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "蓝草音乐与其前身有什么区别？", @@ -392706,7 +392706,7 @@ "history": [ [ "自动机automaton开动后能自动运转的机械装置，以实用性（如时钟）或装饰性（如会唱歌的小鸟）为主。西元1世纪时，就已发明用水、垂落的重力或蒸气来驱动机械。中世纪和文艺复兴时期，已出现许多供教会使用和桌上饰品的装饰性机械装置。16世纪，义大利罗马附近建造了惊人的喷泉和供水系统。18～19世纪则出现了精巧的自动机，如机动画、鼻烟盒等。到了20世纪，除了法贝热（Carl Faberge）的某些作品外，无人再生产昂贵的自动机了。\n\n你好，请问自动机在什么时候出现的？", - "你好，Human！根据所提供的信息，自动机automaton是指那些能开动后自动运转的机械装置。这类装置大概在西元1世纪时就已发明，并且当时用水、垂落的重力或蒸气来驱动机械。这些初期的自动机既有实用性，如时钟，也有装饰性，如会唱歌的小鸟。" + "根据所提供的信息，自动机automaton是指那些能开动后自动运转的机械装置。这类装置大概在西元1世纪时就已发明，并且当时用水、垂落的重力或蒸气来驱动机械。这些初期的自动机既有实用性，如时钟，也有装饰性，如会唱歌的小鸟。" ], [ "发展到中世纪和文艺复兴时期，自动机都有哪些类型？", @@ -392775,7 +392775,7 @@ "history": [ [ "提革拉－帕拉萨三世Tiglath-pileser III活动时期约西元前8世纪亚述国王，曾领导亚述扩张最后及最伟大的阶段。提革拉－帕拉萨三世即位以后立即着手巩固亚述。他将大省继续细分，以取消独立运动，并让官员直接向他汇报，重新安置成千上万的居民以保持稳定。他打败北邻乌拉尔图（西元前743年），接着征服叙利亚和巴勒斯坦（西元前734年），夺取巴比伦王位。亦请参阅Ashurbanipal、Sargon II。\n\n你好，我想了解一下提革拉－帕拉萨三世的背景和他的一生成就。", - "你好，Human！提革拉－帕拉萨三世是大约公元前8世纪的亚述国王，他执政期间领导亚述实现了最后且最伟大的扩张阶段。他登基后立即投入巩固亚述国家的工作，将大省细分以消除独立运动，令官员直接向他汇报，以及重新安置大量居民以维护国家稳定。在对外征战方面，他击败了北邻乌拉尔图（公元前743年），接着征服叙利亚和巴勒斯坦（公元前734年），并成功夺取了巴比伦的王位。他的一生可谓充满荣誉和成就。" + "提革拉－帕拉萨三世是大约公元前8世纪的亚述国王，他执政期间领导亚述实现了最后且最伟大的扩张阶段。他登基后立即投入巩固亚述国家的工作，将大省细分以消除独立运动，令官员直接向他汇报，以及重新安置大量居民以维护国家稳定。在对外征战方面，他击败了北邻乌拉尔图（公元前743年），接着征服叙利亚和巴勒斯坦（公元前734年），并成功夺取了巴比伦的王位。他的一生可谓充满荣誉和成就。" ], [ "谢谢详细解释。那么提革拉－帕拉萨三世是如何领导亚述国家进行扩张的呢？", @@ -393225,7 +393225,7 @@ "history": [ [ "苫壁藤woodbine几种藤本植物的俗称，分属显花植物的几个科。尤指北美的维吉尼亚爬山虎（Parthenocissus quinquefolia，即五叶爬山虎）和欧亚大陆的忍冬（Lonicera periclymenum）。维吉尼亚爬山虎，又称美洲常春藤。常栽培以遮蔽墙壁、围栏、大树干等。秋叶黄至红紫色。苫壁藤忍冬，叶灰绿；花芳香，黄白色。\n\n你好，请问苫壁藤是哪些植物的俗称？", - "你好，Human！苫壁藤是指几种藤本植物的俗称，它们分属显花植物的几个科。尤其代表的有北美的维吉尼亚爬山虎（Parthenocissus quinquefolia，即五叶爬山虎）和欧亚大陆的忍冬（Lonicera periclymenum）。这两种植物都属于藤本植物，具有丛生和攀缘的性质。" + "苫壁藤是指几种藤本植物的俗称，它们分属显花植物的几个科。尤其代表的有北美的维吉尼亚爬山虎（Parthenocissus quinquefolia，即五叶爬山虎）和欧亚大陆的忍冬（Lonicera periclymenum）。这两种植物都属于藤本植物，具有丛生和攀缘的性质。" ], [ "维吉尼亚爬山虎有什么特点呢？", @@ -393244,7 +393244,7 @@ "history": [ [ "元音；母音vowel发音时从肺部呼出的气流通过起共鸣器作用的口腔，阻力极小并无摩擦声音。例如︰fit中的i音。从发音语音学的观点看，元音按舌面和双唇的部位分类，如machine中的i音、rule中的u音发音时舌面拱起。单一元音发音是单元音，两个元音发音是二合元音，其发音如round中的ou。\n\n关于元音的知识，我有些问题想请教你。", - "你好，Human！请随时告诉我你的问题，我会尽我的能力为你提供帮助。" + "请随时告诉我你的问题，我会尽我的能力为你提供帮助。" ], [ "请你给我解释一下什么是元音？", @@ -393362,7 +393362,7 @@ "history": [ [ "渗碳carburizing一种用加热或机械工具使钢的表面硬度提高而保持芯部硬度相对较低的古老方法。硬的表面与软的芯部相组合能经受很高的应力并抗疲劳，还可降低生产成本，制造时的灵活性也大。渗碳时钢件在含碳气氛中于高温下放置几小时，碳弥散渗入钢件表面，改变了金属的晶体结构。齿轮、滚珠和滚柱轴承以及活塞销等都是渗碳产品。\n\n你好，MiniGTP，请问渗碳是什么过程？", - "你好，Human。渗碳是一种钢的表面处理工艺，通过将钢件置于含碳气氛中加热，使碳元素渗透到钢的表层，从而提高表面硬度的同时保持芯部的相对较低硬度。这个过程改变了金属的晶体结构，使得制成的产品在承受高应力和抗疲劳方面具有优异性能。同时，渗碳工艺还有助于降低生产成本和提高生产时的灵活性。" + "渗碳是一种钢的表面处理工艺，通过将钢件置于含碳气氛中加热，使碳元素渗透到钢的表层，从而提高表面硬度的同时保持芯部的相对较低硬度。这个过程改变了金属的晶体结构，使得制成的产品在承受高应力和抗疲劳方面具有优异性能。同时，渗碳工艺还有助于降低生产成本和提高生产时的灵活性。" ], [ "渗碳的主要应用领域有哪些？", @@ -393535,7 +393535,7 @@ "history": [ [ "费里尼1920～1993年Fellini, Federico义大利电影导演。1938年前往佛罗伦斯，为一家幽默周刊和科幻漫画报工作。第二次世界大战期间，他逃避兵役，1940年成为一家销路很广的讽刺周刊的编辑。后来与导演罗塞里尼在电影编剧上合作拍摄《不设防城市》（1945）和《游击队》（1946），1952年第一次独自执导电影，虽然票房失败，但他的下一部电影《流浪汉》（1953）却博得好评。后来拍摄的《大路》（1954；获奥斯卡奖）、《加比里亚之夜》（1956；获奥斯卡奖）和《甜蜜生活》（1960）等片为他赢得国际声誉。他继续发展自己与众不同的典型自传体影片风格，这是一种诗意的超现实主义风格，营造出一种怪诞但又引人共鸣的感觉，如《八又二分之一》（1963；获奥斯卡奖），但是他后来转向制作华丽大场面的电影，如《鬼迷朱丽》（1965）和《爱情神话》（1969）。之后拍摄的最佳影片是《往事》（1974）和《舞国》（1986）。他的妻子玛茜娜（G Masina）曾在他所拍的几部影片中担任主角。1993年获颁奥斯卡终身成就奖。\n\n你好，请问费里尼是谁？", - "你好，Human。费里尼（Federico Fellini）是一位意大利电影导演，生活在1920年至1993年。他是20世纪影坛的重要人物，享有国际声誉。他的作品风格独特，具有诗意的超现实主义特点，深受观众喜爱。希望这个简要的介绍能帮助你了解费里尼的身份。" + "费里尼（Federico Fellini）是一位意大利电影导演，生活在1920年至1993年。他是20世纪影坛的重要人物，享有国际声誉。他的作品风格独特，具有诗意的超现实主义特点，深受观众喜爱。希望这个简要的介绍能帮助你了解费里尼的身份。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，那么费里尼的职业生涯是如何开始的？", @@ -393840,7 +393840,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小乌龟1752～1812年Little Turtle美洲印第安人的领袖。1790年代早期，他成为迈阿密人的首领，领导了对西北地区居民点的袭击。1794年在鹿寨战役中被韦恩将军击败，1795年被迫签订「格陵维耳条约」，把俄亥俄的大部以及伊利诺、印第安纳和密西根诸州的部分地区割让给了美国。后来他积极倡导和平，并成功地阻止迈阿密印第安人参加特库姆塞的肖尼联盟。\n\n我刚刚读到了一段关于小乌龟的介绍，他是谁？他在历史上有什么重要意义？", - "你好Human，小乌龟（Little Turtle，1752-1812）是一位美洲印第安人的领袖，主要领导了迈阿密人。他在历史上的重要意义主要体现在1790年代早期，他成为迈阿密人的首领，领导了对西北地区居民点的袭击。他在1794年的鹿寨战役中被韦恩将军击败，之后在1795年被迫签订“格陵维耳条约”。签订条约后，他放弃了对美国西北地区的控制，从而使美国获得了俄亥俄大部以及伊利诺、印第安纳和密西根诸州的部分地区。此外他还积极倡导和平，成功地阻止迈阿密印第安人参加特库姆塞的肖尼联盟。总的来说，小乌龟在美国历史和印第安人历史中有着重要地位。" + "小乌龟（Little Turtle，1752-1812）是一位美洲印第安人的领袖，主要领导了迈阿密人。他在历史上的重要意义主要体现在1790年代早期，他成为迈阿密人的首领，领导了对西北地区居民点的袭击。他在1794年的鹿寨战役中被韦恩将军击败，之后在1795年被迫签订“格陵维耳条约”。签订条约后，他放弃了对美国西北地区的控制，从而使美国获得了俄亥俄大部以及伊利诺、印第安纳和密西根诸州的部分地区。此外他还积极倡导和平，成功地阻止迈阿密印第安人参加特库姆塞的肖尼联盟。总的来说，小乌龟在美国历史和印第安人历史中有着重要地位。" ] ] }, @@ -393889,7 +393889,7 @@ "history": [ [ "锁子甲chain mail亦称mail中世纪大部时期内欧洲骑士及军队最主要的护身铠甲。罗马时代晚期，铁环缝在织物或皮革上制成锁子甲。后经匠人改进，利用焊接或铆接，使铁环环环相扣，交织为一体。早期的铠甲上身短，握剑手臂所套的铠甲是单独的一只袖子。后来的铠甲上身长，有两只袖子，分前后襟以利骑马。头盔下垂有护颈甲。贴身穿棉背心，以防擦伤。到12世纪，腿部、足部也有锁子甲，手上的护甲为连指手套或长统手套。14世纪，先在胸部、背部加装金属板护心甲，后来逐渐采用全身板式甲而不用锁子甲。\n\n你好，我对锁子甲很感兴趣，想从头盔、袖子、背衣以及腿甲等方面了解更多信息。请简单介绍一下锁子甲的构成和发展历程。", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答关于锁子甲的问题。锁子甲，又称chain mail，主要是中世纪欧洲骑士和军队的护身铠甲。它起初是由铁环缝在织物或皮革上制成，后来匠人改进了制作工艺，通过焊接或铆接使铁环环环相扣，交织为一体。\n\n在早期的铠甲中，上身部分较短，握剑手臂的铠甲是单独的一只袖子。随着时间的推移，铠甲上身变得越来越长，并设计出两只袖子。尤其针对骑士，铠甲的前后襟部分是分开的，以便于骑马时可以更加舒适地穿戴。\n\n至于头盔，它下垂有护颈甲以保护脖子。为了避免擦伤，骑士们还会在锁子甲内穿上棉背心。到了12世纪，锁子甲的设计进一步发展，腿部和足部也有了保护，手上的护甲演变成连指手套或长统手套。\n\n14世纪时期，锁子甲又有了新的改进。人们先在胸部和背部加装金属板护心甲，后来逐渐采用全身板式甲，使得锁子甲逐渐被替代。漫长时间中，锁子甲的发展一直为人们的生命安全提供了保障。" + "很高兴为你解答关于锁子甲的问题。锁子甲，又称chain mail，主要是中世纪欧洲骑士和军队的护身铠甲。它起初是由铁环缝在织物或皮革上制成，后来匠人改进了制作工艺，通过焊接或铆接使铁环环环相扣，交织为一体。\n\n在早期的铠甲中，上身部分较短，握剑手臂的铠甲是单独的一只袖子。随着时间的推移，铠甲上身变得越来越长，并设计出两只袖子。尤其针对骑士，铠甲的前后襟部分是分开的，以便于骑马时可以更加舒适地穿戴。\n\n至于头盔，它下垂有护颈甲以保护脖子。为了避免擦伤，骑士们还会在锁子甲内穿上棉背心。到了12世纪，锁子甲的设计进一步发展，腿部和足部也有了保护，手上的护甲演变成连指手套或长统手套。\n\n14世纪时期，锁子甲又有了新的改进。人们先在胸部和背部加装金属板护心甲，后来逐渐采用全身板式甲，使得锁子甲逐渐被替代。漫长时间中，锁子甲的发展一直为人们的生命安全提供了保障。" ], [ "谢谢你的详细解答！我想了解一下，锁子甲是如何提供保护的？它们的防御能力如何？", @@ -393965,7 +393965,7 @@ "history": [ [ "贝宁湾Benin, Bight of几内亚湾北部的海湾。沿西非海岸延伸640公里，从迦纳的圣保罗角经过多哥和贝宁至奈及利亚的尼日河河口。沿湾主要港口有洛梅、科托努和拉哥斯。16～19世纪时为广大的奴隶贸易场所，尼日河三角洲以西的沿海潟湖地区有「奴隶海岸」之称。到了1830年代棕榈油贸易成为主要的经济活动。1950年代在尼日河三角洲地区发现了石油。\n\n请根据提供的信息，简要介绍一下贝宁湾。", - "你好，Human。贝宁湾是几内亚湾北部的一个海湾，位于西非海岸，共延伸640公里。这个海湾从迦纳的圣保罗角开始，经过多哥和贝宁，一直延伸到奈及利亚的尼日河河口。沿湾有很多重要港口，如洛梅、科托努和拉哥斯。在16到19世纪时，该地区曾是奴隶贸易的重要场所，特别是沿海潟湖地区，被称为“奴隶海岸”。到了19世纪30年代，棕榈油贸易取代奴隶贸易，成为了该地区主要的经济活动。在20世纪50年代，尼日河三角洲地区发现了石油资源。" + "贝宁湾是几内亚湾北部的一个海湾，位于西非海岸，共延伸640公里。这个海湾从迦纳的圣保罗角开始，经过多哥和贝宁，一直延伸到奈及利亚的尼日河河口。沿湾有很多重要港口，如洛梅、科托努和拉哥斯。在16到19世纪时，该地区曾是奴隶贸易的重要场所，特别是沿海潟湖地区，被称为“奴隶海岸”。到了19世纪30年代，棕榈油贸易取代奴隶贸易，成为了该地区主要的经济活动。在20世纪50年代，尼日河三角洲地区发现了石油资源。" ], [ "那么在贝宁湾附近的港口城市有哪些？它们有什么重要作用？", @@ -393984,7 +393984,7 @@ "history": [ [ "驱力drive心理学概念，要求立即满足的紧迫的基本需要。一般起源于某些生理上的紧张、缺陷或不平衡（如饥渴），能促使机体进行活动。心理学家将驱力分两种，一是先天的，与基本生理需要（食物、空气、水）有关。一是习得的（如惧怕或药瘾）。业经确定的驱力或需要还有成就需要、活动需要、情感需要、交往欲、好奇心、清除欲、探究欲、操作欲、母性、逃避痛苦、性欲和睡眠欲。\n\n根据你了解的驱力心理学概念，请告诉我什么是通过生理需要产生的先天驱力？", - "你好，Human。先天驱力指的是与我们的基本生理需要相关的驱动力，它们是与生俱来的，源于我们身体内某种紧张、缺陷或不平衡状态。例如，当我们感到饥饿或口渴时，就是因为生理需要未得到满足而产生的食物和水的需求。这些驱力会促使我们采取行动以满足生理缺陷，从而恢复生理平衡。" + "先天驱力指的是与我们的基本生理需要相关的驱动力，它们是与生俱来的，源于我们身体内某种紧张、缺陷或不平衡状态。例如，当我们感到饥饿或口渴时，就是因为生理需要未得到满足而产生的食物和水的需求。这些驱力会促使我们采取行动以满足生理缺陷，从而恢复生理平衡。" ], [ "还有哪些驱力是通过学习习得的？", @@ -394014,7 +394014,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瓦拉几亚Walachia欧洲中南部前公国。位于罗马尼亚特兰西瓦尼亚山脉和多瑙河之间。1290年由黑拉尔夫建立。为匈牙利附庸国。1330年打败匈牙利，维护了瓦拉几亚的独立。14～17世纪为特尔戈维什特的首府。15世纪承认土耳其的宗主权。16世纪末期并吞了摩达维亚和特兰西瓦尼亚。18世纪，俄国对瓦拉几亚的影响日益增大。1774年，尽管仍承认土耳其的宗主权，但实际上已被置于俄国的监护之下。克里米亚战争（1856）以后，结束了俄国的保护。1859年与摩达维亚合并形成罗马尼亚。\n\n你好，请你简述一下瓦拉几亚的历史发展。", - "你好，Human！瓦拉几亚是一个位于欧洲中南部的前公国，它位于罗马尼亚特兰西瓦尼亚山脉和多瑙河之间。瓦拉几亚始于1290年，由黑拉尔夫建立。起初，瓦拉几亚作为匈牙利的附庸国存在。1330年，瓦拉几亚成功打败匈牙利，维护了自己的独立地位。在14至17世纪，特尔戈维什特是瓦拉几亚的首都。到了15世纪，瓦拉几亚承认了土耳其的宗主权。16世纪末，瓦拉几亚还吞并了摩达维亚和特兰西瓦尼亚。18世纪，俄罗斯对瓦拉几亚的影响逐渐增大。虽然瓦拉几亚仍然承认土耳其的宗主权，但实际上已在俄罗斯的监护之下。克里米亚战争（1856年）后，俄罗斯的保护终止。最后，1859年，瓦拉几亚与摩达维亚合并，形成了现在的罗马尼亚。" + "瓦拉几亚是一个位于欧洲中南部的前公国，它位于罗马尼亚特兰西瓦尼亚山脉和多瑙河之间。瓦拉几亚始于1290年，由黑拉尔夫建立。起初，瓦拉几亚作为匈牙利的附庸国存在。1330年，瓦拉几亚成功打败匈牙利，维护了自己的独立地位。在14至17世纪，特尔戈维什特是瓦拉几亚的首都。到了15世纪，瓦拉几亚承认了土耳其的宗主权。16世纪末，瓦拉几亚还吞并了摩达维亚和特兰西瓦尼亚。18世纪，俄罗斯对瓦拉几亚的影响逐渐增大。虽然瓦拉几亚仍然承认土耳其的宗主权，但实际上已在俄罗斯的监护之下。克里米亚战争（1856年）后，俄罗斯的保护终止。最后，1859年，瓦拉几亚与摩达维亚合并，形成了现在的罗马尼亚。" ], [ "有什么事件导致瓦拉几亚维护了自己的独立？", @@ -394235,7 +394235,7 @@ "history": [ [ "比特鲁岭Bitterroot Range美国落矶山脉北段。沿爱达荷-蒙大拿州界南北延伸，绵亘480公里。山峰平均海拔2,700公尺，最高峰是爱达荷境内的司各脱峰，高3,473公尺。由于该山岭很难从东部进入，路易斯和克拉克远征（1805）队伍不得不绕往北方160多公里，希望找到入山的路线。比特鲁国家森林（Bitterroot National Forest）穿经比特鲁岭的中心。\n\n我想了解一下美国的比特鲁岭，它是落矶山脉北段的一部分，对吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，根据所提供的信息，比特鲁岭位于美国落矶山脉的北段，它沿爱达荷州和蒙大拿州的州界南北延伸，总长度约为480公里。" + "是的，根据所提供的信息，比特鲁岭位于美国落矶山脉的北段，它沿爱达荷州和蒙大拿州的州界南北延伸，总长度约为480公里。" ], [ "比特鲁岭的平均海拔是多少？最高峰是什么？", @@ -394514,7 +394514,7 @@ "history": [ [ "进前aliyah希伯来语意为上升，指犹太人迁回以色列国土的浪潮。前两次热潮发生在1882～1914年，后来三次发生在1919～1939年，第六次进前（1945～1948）带来许多历经大屠杀（Holocaust）的劫后余生者，移民潮持续至今（如衣索比亚的法拉沙人〔Falasha〕和来自前苏联的移民）。以宗教观点来看，进前是犹太教礼仪中对信徒的一种光荣待遇，在安息日上午礼拜召唤到会众之前宣读指定的一段托拉（Torah，《圣经》首五卷）。亦请参阅Zionism。\n\n请问什么是犹太人的进前Aliyah？", - "你好，Human！进前Aliyah（阿利亚）是指犹太人迁回以色列国土的过程或潮流。这个词源于希伯来语，字面意思是“上升”。历史上共有多次进前Aliyah，其中较为著名的有前两次发生在1882年至1914年，接下来的三次发生在1919年至1939年，而第六次进前Aliyah（1945-1948）则涉及了许多在大屠杀（Holocaust）中幸存下来的犹太人。移民潮一直持续至今，如衣索比亚的法拉沙人（Falasha）和来自前苏联的移民。从宗教的角度来说，进前是犹太教礼仪中对信徒的一种光荣待遇。在安息日上午礼拜召唤到会众之前，会有人宣读指定的一段托拉（Torah，《圣经》的首五卷）。" + "进前Aliyah（阿利亚）是指犹太人迁回以色列国土的过程或潮流。这个词源于希伯来语，字面意思是“上升”。历史上共有多次进前Aliyah，其中较为著名的有前两次发生在1882年至1914年，接下来的三次发生在1919年至1939年，而第六次进前Aliyah（1945-1948）则涉及了许多在大屠杀（Holocaust）中幸存下来的犹太人。移民潮一直持续至今，如衣索比亚的法拉沙人（Falasha）和来自前苏联的移民。从宗教的角度来说，进前是犹太教礼仪中对信徒的一种光荣待遇。在安息日上午礼拜召唤到会众之前，会有人宣读指定的一段托拉（Torah，《圣经》的首五卷）。" ] ] }, @@ -394643,7 +394643,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奥佩特节Opet古埃及的新年节日。届时人们把阿蒙、穆特及他们的儿子柯恩斯这三位神的像自凯尔奈克他们的圣所迁往卢克索。停在卢克索庙中约二十四天，全城庆祝。然后人们把神像循原路运回凯尔奈克圣所，沿途任人瞻仰，节期结束。\n\n你好，请问奥佩特节是古埃及的什么节日？", - "你好，Human！奥佩特节是古埃及的新年节日。这个节日期间，人们会庆祝生新的一年，并且进行一系列的世俗与宗教活动。其中一个主要活动是将阿蒙、穆特及他们的儿子柯恩斯这三位神的像从凯尔奈克圣所迁往卢克索庙。在卢克索庙中停留约24天，全城陷入庆祝氛围，之后神像沿原路返回凯尔奈克圣所，沿途允许人们瞻仰，直至节期结束。如果有其他问题，请随时问我。" + "奥佩特节是古埃及的新年节日。这个节日期间，人们会庆祝生新的一年，并且进行一系列的世俗与宗教活动。其中一个主要活动是将阿蒙、穆特及他们的儿子柯恩斯这三位神的像从凯尔奈克圣所迁往卢克索庙。在卢克索庙中停留约24天，全城陷入庆祝氛围，之后神像沿原路返回凯尔奈克圣所，沿途允许人们瞻仰，直至节期结束。如果有其他问题，请随时问我。" ], [ "阿蒙、穆特和柯恩斯分别是什么神祇呢？", @@ -395091,7 +395091,7 @@ "history": [ [ "同素异形现象allotrope一种化学元素以两种或多种形式存在的现象，可能是由于原子在固态晶体中的排列形式不同，如石墨、金刚石的碳；也可能是由于组成分子的原子数目不同，如氧（O2）和臭氧（O3）。其他具有同素异形现象的元素有锡（tin）、硫（sulfur）、砷（antimony）、硒（arsenic）、锑（Selenium）和磷（phosphorus）。\n\n你好，根据上面的描述，请问什么是同素异形现象？", - "你好，Human！同素异形现象（allotrope）是指一种化学元素以两种或多种形式存在的现象。这可能是因为原子在固态晶体中的排列形式不同，例如石墨和金刚石都是碳的同素异形体，它们的化学成分相同，但结构不同。也可能是由于组成分子的原子数目不同，比如氧（O2）和臭氧（O3）就是这种情况。这种现象在很多元素中都有出现，如锡、硫、砷、硒、锑和磷等。" + "同素异形现象（allotrope）是指一种化学元素以两种或多种形式存在的现象。这可能是因为原子在固态晶体中的排列形式不同，例如石墨和金刚石都是碳的同素异形体，它们的化学成分相同，但结构不同。也可能是由于组成分子的原子数目不同，比如氧（O2）和臭氧（O3）就是这种情况。这种现象在很多元素中都有出现，如锡、硫、砷、硒、锑和磷等。" ], [ "那么同素异形现象的产生原理是什么呢？", @@ -395308,7 +395308,7 @@ "history": [ [ "暹罗猫Siamese cat一种受欢迎的短毛小体型家猫，原产暹罗（今泰国）。多为浅褐色或灰白色，耳、面、腿及尾有深色的斑点，颜色可为深棕色（海豹斑）、蓝灰色（蓝点）、牛奶巧克力棕色（巧克力斑）、浅红灰色（紫丁香斑）或橙红色（红点）。头长呈楔形，眼可能稍斜，为蓝色。斜眼和带斑点的尾巴均为隐性性状。暹罗猫很聪明，声音柔和，能发出特殊的叫声。\n\n请问暹罗猫的基本特征都有哪些？", - "你好，Human！暹罗猫是一种受欢迎的短毛小体型家猫，原产于暹罗（今泰国）。它们的毛色多为浅褐色或灰白色，耳、面、腿及尾有深色的斑点。颜色可以有不同的变种，如深棕色（海豹斑）、蓝灰色（蓝点）、牛奶巧克力棕色（巧克力斑）、浅红灰色（紫丁香斑）或橙红色（红点）。暹罗猫的头长呈楔形，眼可能稍斜，为蓝色。斜眼和带斑点的尾巴是隐性性状。暹罗猫很聪明，声音柔和，能发出特殊的叫声。" + "暹罗猫是一种受欢迎的短毛小体型家猫，原产于暹罗（今泰国）。它们的毛色多为浅褐色或灰白色，耳、面、腿及尾有深色的斑点。颜色可以有不同的变种，如深棕色（海豹斑）、蓝灰色（蓝点）、牛奶巧克力棕色（巧克力斑）、浅红灰色（紫丁香斑）或橙红色（红点）。暹罗猫的头长呈楔形，眼可能稍斜，为蓝色。斜眼和带斑点的尾巴是隐性性状。暹罗猫很聪明，声音柔和，能发出特殊的叫声。" ] ] }, @@ -395319,7 +395319,7 @@ "history": [ [ "甘贝尔-班纳曼Campbell-Bannerman, Henry受封为亨利爵士原名Henry Campbell英国政治人物。1868年起为下议员，1899年当选为自由党下议院领袖，1905～1908年出任英国首相。他的名望使其严重分裂的政党统一。虽然甘贝尔-班纳曼提出的许多法案都被上议院否决，不过，1906年的「行业争端法」却得到贵族院的批准，这个法案给予工会以相当大的罢工自由。他带头同意特兰斯瓦和橘河殖民地的自治，从而赢得了布尔人对大英帝国的忠诚。\n\n我最近在研究英国历史，对Henry Campbell-Bannerman很感兴趣。他在何时成为英国首相？", - "你好，Human！据提供的信息，Henry Campbell-Bannerman在1905年成为英国首相，直到1908年。" + "据提供的信息，Henry Campbell-Bannerman在1905年成为英国首相，直到1908年。" ], [ "Henry Campbell-Bannerman在自由党内有什么重要作用？", @@ -395422,7 +395422,7 @@ "history": [ [ "胜红蓟ageratum菊科胜红蓟属植物的通称，原产南美洲热带地区。叶广椭圆形，齿裂，对生。花蓝色、粉红色、淡紫色或白色，密集簇生；瘦果，小。普通庭园胜红蓟（A houstonianum，即熊耳草）的矮化变种栽为沿边植物。本属有些种俗名绪丝花（flossflower）、猫脚花（pussy-foot）。\n\n你好，请问胜红蓟这种植物的原产地是哪里？", - "你好，Human！胜红蓟这种植物原产于南美洲的热带地区。这个信息能帮助你了解到胜红蓟是在何种环境下生长的，从而可以进一步推测其生长习性和养护需求。" + "胜红蓟这种植物原产于南美洲的热带地区。这个信息能帮助你了解到胜红蓟是在何种环境下生长的，从而可以进一步推测其生长习性和养护需求。" ], [ "胜红蓟属于什么科的植物？", @@ -395643,7 +395643,7 @@ "history": [ [ "重量weight由像地球或月球这样的大质量物体对另一物体的吸引而产生的重力。重量是万有引力定律的后果（参阅gravitation）。显然，在同一地点，物体越大，重量就越大；而距离地球越远的物体，重量则越小。尽管物体质量保持不变，重量还是随所在地的不同而异。月球的质量和半径都比地球小，因而同样物体在月球上的重量仅及地球上的1/6。由于宇宙间存在物质，空间中的每点都有万有引力场，其数值等于在该点的重力加速度。换句话说，重量是物体的质量和引力场的乘积，或和物体所在点的重力加速度的乘积。重量的单位是牛顿（N），是力的单位而不是质量的单位。\n\n根据上面的描述，我想知道地球上物体的重量是如何计算的。", - "你好，Human！根据上述描述，我们可以知道物体的重量是由地球对物体的重力吸引产生的。计算物体在地球上的重量时，需要考虑物体的质量（m）和地球表面的重力加速度（g）。二者相乘即可计算出重量：\n重量（W） = 质量（m） x 重力加速度（g）\n在地球上，g值约为9.81 m/s²。不过，实际上重力加速度会因地球表面各地的测量点不同而略有差别。" + "根据上述描述，我们可以知道物体的重量是由地球对物体的重力吸引产生的。计算物体在地球上的重量时，需要考虑物体的质量（m）和地球表面的重力加速度（g）。二者相乘即可计算出重量：\n重量（W） = 质量（m） x 重力加速度（g）\n在地球上，g值约为9.81 m/s²。不过，实际上重力加速度会因地球表面各地的测量点不同而略有差别。" ], [ "那我们能用这个公式来计算月球上一个物体的重量吗？", @@ -396282,7 +396282,7 @@ "history": [ [ "麦克伦南1907～1990年MacLennan, (John) Hugh加拿大小说家和散文家。曾获罗德兹奖学金在牛津大学求学，后在美国普林斯顿大学获博士学位。1951～1981年执教于麦吉尔大学。他的小说包括《气压计在上升》（1941）、《两地孤栖》（1945）、《守夜结束》（1959）和《时间中的声音》（1980）。他曾因小说和非小说类作品而五次获得总督奖。他被认为是第一位采用加拿大背景主题的重要英语系小说家。\n\n请问麦克伦南是哪个国家的作家，他在什么时期活跃？", - "你好，Human！麦克伦南是一位加拿大的小说家和散文家。他生活在1907年至1990年期间，活跃在20世纪中期，尤其是在1941年至1980年间，他的一些重要作品出版于这段时期。" + "麦克伦南是一位加拿大的小说家和散文家。他生活在1907年至1990年期间，活跃在20世纪中期，尤其是在1941年至1980年间，他的一些重要作品出版于这段时期。" ], [ "请问麦克伦南有哪些教育经历？", @@ -396370,7 +396370,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斜长岩anorthosite一种火成岩，主要由富钙的长石组成。虽然数量比玄武岩和花岗岩少得多，但含有斜长岩的杂岩体的规模却往往是巨大的。在地球上发现的所有斜长岩都由粗粒结晶体组成，但有些来自月球的斜长岩，其结晶体就十分精美。\n\n请问斜长岩是一种什么岩石？", - "你好，Human。斜长岩（anorthosite）是一种火成岩，它主要由富钙的长石组成。与玄武岩和花岗岩相比，斜长岩的数量要少得多，但是含有斜长岩的杂岩体往往规模巨大。" + "斜长岩（anorthosite）是一种火成岩，它主要由富钙的长石组成。与玄武岩和花岗岩相比，斜长岩的数量要少得多，但是含有斜长岩的杂岩体往往规模巨大。" ], [ "谢谢！能告诉我地球上的斜长岩和月球上的斜长岩有什么区别吗？", @@ -396412,7 +396412,7 @@ "history": [ [ "旧绘画陈列馆Alte Pinakothek德国慕尼黑巴伐利亚国立画廊内若干套收藏之一的美术馆，也是世界上最伟大的美术馆之一。它专门陈列从中世纪到18世纪后期的欧洲绘画，其核心藏品曾经属于早期几座选帝侯的宫殿。原来的19世纪画廊在第二次世界大战中遭到破坏，现在的建筑是在1957年重建的。其他的国立博物馆还包括新绘画陈列馆，其基础是18～20世纪巴伐利亚诸王私人收藏的欧洲绘画和雕塑；沙克美术馆收藏的是浪漫主义后期的德国绘画；还有国立现代艺术美术馆。\n\n你好，请问旧绘画陈列馆Alte Pinakothek是位于哪个国家的？", - "你好，Human！旧绘画陈列馆Alte Pinakothek位于德国慕尼黑，它是巴伐利亚国立画廊的一部分。这个美术馆是世界上最伟大的美术馆之一，专门陈列从中世纪到18世纪后期的欧洲绘画。" + "旧绘画陈列馆Alte Pinakothek位于德国慕尼黑，它是巴伐利亚国立画廊的一部分。这个美术馆是世界上最伟大的美术馆之一，专门陈列从中世纪到18世纪后期的欧洲绘画。" ], [ "谢谢！那么Alte Pinakothek的核心藏品是由哪些来源组成的？", @@ -396499,7 +396499,7 @@ "history": [ [ "和平祭坛Ara Pacis (Augustae)（拉丁语意为「奥古斯都和平祭坛」〔Augustan Altar of Peace〕）罗马皇帝奥古斯都在罗马战神广场（Campus Matius）修建的纪念碑（西元前13～西元前9年），以纪念他在西班牙和高卢的辉煌战绩。它是被墙围着的云石祭坛构成的神龛。墙垣及祭坛上的浮雕是罗马艺术中的优秀典范。其上的浮雕诉说着祭坛前的仪式行列景况，清晰可视的像记载着当时的状态为西方艺术中首次出现的记录形成。\n\n你好，请问和平祭坛Ara Pacis是在哪个时期修建的？", - "你好，Human！和平祭坛Ara Pacis（奥古斯都和平祭坛）是在西元前13年至西元前9年期间修建的。当时的罗马皇帝奥古斯都为了纪念他在西班牙和高卢的辉煌战绩，特地在罗马战神广场（Campus Matius）修建了这座纪念碑。" + "和平祭坛Ara Pacis（奥古斯都和平祭坛）是在西元前13年至西元前9年期间修建的。当时的罗马皇帝奥古斯都为了纪念他在西班牙和高卢的辉煌战绩，特地在罗马战神广场（Campus Matius）修建了这座纪念碑。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！请问和平祭坛Ara Pacis的主要构成是什么？", @@ -396820,7 +396820,7 @@ "history": [ [ "泰恩－威尔Tyne and Wear英格兰东北部都会郡（1995年人口约1,131,000）。因境内的两条主要河流－－泰恩河和威尔河而得名。史前时期就已有人居住，后被罗马人侵占，在此修建了哈德良长城，后相继有撒克逊人和诺曼人到此居住。从13世纪起直到现代，本区经济以当地的煤矿资源和以煤矿为依托的工业（如玻璃制造、陶艺和化工）为主。现在的主要工业包括轮船制造和重型电子工程。\n\n请问英格兰东北部的泰恩-威尔地区有哪些特点？", - "你好，Human。泰恩-威尔是英格兰东北部的一个都会郡，它因其境内的两条主要河流泰恩河和威尔河而得名。这个地区自史前时期就有人居住，后来罗马人、撒克逊人和诺曼人相继入住。泰恩-威尔地区的经济由煤矿资源和以煤矿为依托的工业（如玻璃制造、陶艺和化工）支撑自13世纪起直到现代。如今主要的工业则包括轮船制造和重型电子工程。" + "泰恩-威尔是英格兰东北部的一个都会郡，它因其境内的两条主要河流泰恩河和威尔河而得名。这个地区自史前时期就有人居住，后来罗马人、撒克逊人和诺曼人相继入住。泰恩-威尔地区的经济由煤矿资源和以煤矿为依托的工业（如玻璃制造、陶艺和化工）支撑自13世纪起直到现代。如今主要的工业则包括轮船制造和重型电子工程。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。请问哈德良长城在泰恩-威尔地区的历史地位是怎样的？", @@ -397060,7 +397060,7 @@ "history": [ [ "约珥Joel《旧约》中十二小先知的第二位，〈约珥书〉的作者。（他的预言书在犹太教正典中是较大的「十二先知书」的一部分。）他在耶路撒冷第二圣殿住过一段时间（西元前516～西元70年），但生平不详。他首次预言是关于蝗虫的灾害，这是一则对无信仰的人的灾难的寓言。他的神谕很简单︰唯有人们真正依靠雅赫维，救赎才会降临犹大支派。该书最后期待世界末日的来临，当所有以色列人都认识上帝时。\n\n你好，请问约珥是《旧约》中的哪位先知？", - "你好，Human！约珥是《旧约》中十二小先知的第二位，《约珥书》的作者。他的预言书在犹太教正典中是较大的「十二先知书」的一部分。" + "约珥是《旧约》中十二小先知的第二位，《约珥书》的作者。他的预言书在犹太教正典中是较大的「十二先知书」的一部分。" ], [ "能否介绍一下约珥的生平？", @@ -397083,7 +397083,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伊莉莎白一世1533～1603年Elizabeth I英格兰女王（1558～1603）。为国王亨利八世与其第二任妻子安妮布林的女儿。自幼以端庄凝重着称，她和男嗣一样接受正规的严格教育。在异母弟爱德华六世（Edward VI）和异母姐姐玛丽一世先后继位期间，所处情况极为危险。1554年韦艾特爵士（Sir Thomas Wyatt）的叛乱后，伊莉莎白被捕，但不久即被释放。玛丽死后，她继承王位时受到全国人民的欢迎。她网罗了一批经验丰富的顾问，其中包括塞西尔（William Cecil）和沃尔辛厄姆（Francis Walsingham），但她仍握紧最后的决定权。在位期间发生的大事如下：恢复英国的新教信仰；处决苏格兰女王玛丽；打败西班牙的无敌舰队（Armada）。她一直活在受英格兰天主教徒不断地阴谋威胁中。人称「处女女王」（Virgin Queen），她嫁给了自己的王国。曾有多个合适的结婚对象，和列斯特伯爵（Earl of Leicester）也曾有过情投意合的迹象，但最后她还是抱持独身，可能因为不愿失去权力。1601年她把第二位追求者艾塞克斯伯爵第二（2nd earl of Essex）依叛乱罪处死。虽然晚年国家经济有所衰退，征服爱尔兰人也遭到军事挫败，但在她的统治下，英国晋升为世界强国，凝聚了国内力量一致对外。她极有智慧而意志坚强，使得人们对她忠心耿耿。在位期间也是艺术蓬勃发展时期，特别是文学和音乐。死后由詹姆斯一世（James I）继承王位。\n\n你好，请根据上述信息简要介绍一下伊莉莎白一世。", - "你好，Human！伊莉莎白一世（1533-1603年）是英格兰女王，统治时间是1558-1603年。她是亨利八世和安妮布林的女儿。自幼端庄、严肃且接受良好教育。她的统治期间有许多重要的事件，比如恢复英国的新教信仰，处决苏格兰女王玛丽，打败西班牙的无敌舰队。她被称为“处女女王”，嫁给了自己的王国。在她的统治下，英国成为了世界强国，艺术也得到了繁荣发展。" + "伊莉莎白一世（1533-1603年）是英格兰女王，统治时间是1558-1603年。她是亨利八世和安妮布林的女儿。自幼端庄、严肃且接受良好教育。她的统治期间有许多重要的事件，比如恢复英国的新教信仰，处决苏格兰女王玛丽，打败西班牙的无敌舰队。她被称为“处女女王”，嫁给了自己的王国。在她的统治下，英国成为了世界强国，艺术也得到了繁荣发展。" ], [ "伊莉莎白一世是如何恢复英国的新教信仰的呢？", @@ -397178,7 +397178,7 @@ "history": [ [ "爱滋病AIDS全名后天性免疫不全症候群（acquired immunodeficiency syndrome）是一种由人类免疫不全病毒（HIV）引起的致命传染性疾病。HIV病毒感染的最后阶段即爱滋病，其定义就是出现有潜在致命可能的感染。1981年首次确认爱滋病，1983年分离出HIV，1985年发展出血液检验的方法。2000年全世界已有3,500万人携带HIV病毒，1,500多万人死于爱滋病。在美国，已有两百多万人感染了HIV，八十万人被确诊为爱滋病患者，四十五万人已经死亡。撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲是感染的集中地点，而在南亚、东南亚以及其他地区的感染人数也在以警戒的速度增长。开始时的急性病症通常在几星期内会消退。然后，受感染的人一般在十年左右的时间内都几乎没有什么症状。随着免疫系统的恶化，会发展出诸如卡氏肺囊虫（Pneumocystis carinii）性肺炎、巨细胞病毒、淋巴瘤或卡波西氏肉瘤等疾病。\n\n请问爱滋病AIDS的全名是什么？", - "你好，Human！爱滋病AIDS的全名是后天性免疫不全症候群（Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome）。这是一种由人类免疫不全病毒（HIV）引起的致命传染性疾病。当HIV病毒感染进入到最后阶段时，就进入了爱滋病阶段，表现为出现有潜在致命可能的感染。" + "爱滋病AIDS的全名是后天性免疫不全症候群（Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome）。这是一种由人类免疫不全病毒（HIV）引起的致命传染性疾病。当HIV病毒感染进入到最后阶段时，就进入了爱滋病阶段，表现为出现有潜在致命可能的感染。" ], [ "HIV病毒是何时被分离出来的？", @@ -397445,7 +397445,7 @@ "history": [ [ "埃夫里普海峡Evripos Strait亦作Euripus Strait爱琴海中一条狭长的海峡，位于希腊埃维亚岛和大陆之间，长8公里，宽度从40公尺到16公里。埃夫里普海峡有强烈的潮流，水流方向一天之内变换七次或七次以上。其变换原因今天也未能充分理解。海峡的主要港口是哈尔基斯市，这里自古以来就是主要的贸易中心。一座长40公尺的开合桥在哈尔基斯市横跨埃夫里普海峡，取代了远在西元前411年建造的旧桥。\n\n我最近在了解埃夫里普海峡，能给我介绍一下这个地方吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。埃夫里普海峡（Evripos Strait）是爱琴海中一条狭长的海峡，位于希腊埃维亚岛和大陆之间，长8公里，宽度从40公尺到16公里。由于强烈的潮流，海峡的水流方向一天之内会变换七次或七次以上，这种变换原因至今尚未被充分理解。海峡的主要港口是哈尔基斯市，这里自古以来就是主要的贸易中心。现在，一座长40公尺的开合桥在哈尔基斯市横跨埃夫里普海峡，取代了远在西元前411年建造的旧桥。" + "当然可以。埃夫里普海峡（Evripos Strait）是爱琴海中一条狭长的海峡，位于希腊埃维亚岛和大陆之间，长8公里，宽度从40公尺到16公里。由于强烈的潮流，海峡的水流方向一天之内会变换七次或七次以上，这种变换原因至今尚未被充分理解。海峡的主要港口是哈尔基斯市，这里自古以来就是主要的贸易中心。现在，一座长40公尺的开合桥在哈尔基斯市横跨埃夫里普海峡，取代了远在西元前411年建造的旧桥。" ], [ "非常感谢！关于埃夫里普海峡的水流方向变化，有什么科学家的猜测或理论吗？", @@ -397559,7 +397559,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣大巴巴拉Santa Barbara美国加州南部城市，位于太平洋沿岸。该城以航海者的守护神命名，1782年成为西班牙军队的驻地。1786年建立圣大巴巴拉传教会。方济会西方总部的传道馆，自其建立以来一直在使用。后发展为繁忙的港口，1850年建制。随着南太平洋铁路的通车（1887），圣大巴巴拉成为海滨游览胜地。畜牧业和石油生产为其经济基础。其教育机构包括利福尼亚大学圣大巴巴拉分校（1891）。人口86,000（1996）。\n\n请问圣大巴巴拉的历史背景是什么？", - "你好，Human！圣大巴巴拉位于美国加州南部沿太平洋海岸。它是以航海者的守护神命名的，起初于1782年成为西班牙军队的驻地。圣大巴巴拉传教会成立于1786年，随后方济会的西方总部传道馆也在此建立。自建立以来，传道馆一直在使用。圣大巴巴拉后来发展成为繁忙的港口，广受游客喜爱，主要经济基础为畜牧业和石油生产。其中有著名的加州大学圣大巴巴拉分校，建立于1891年。至1996年，人口约为86,000人。" + "圣大巴巴拉位于美国加州南部沿太平洋海岸。它是以航海者的守护神命名的，起初于1782年成为西班牙军队的驻地。圣大巴巴拉传教会成立于1786年，随后方济会的西方总部传道馆也在此建立。自建立以来，传道馆一直在使用。圣大巴巴拉后来发展成为繁忙的港口，广受游客喜爱，主要经济基础为畜牧业和石油生产。其中有著名的加州大学圣大巴巴拉分校，建立于1891年。至1996年，人口约为86,000人。" ], [ "那么圣大巴巴拉的旅游资源有哪些？", @@ -398002,7 +398002,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蚂蚁ant膜翅目蚁科昆虫，约八千种。全球分布，但在热带更常见。社会性昆虫。体长01～1寸（2～25公厘），黄、褐、红或黑色。典型的蚁头大，触角膝状，腹部细卵圆形，藉细腰与胸相连。动、植物都吃，有的仅食自己在巢中养殖的真菌或蚜虫（aphid）。一般有蚁后、雄蚁和工蚁三级，它的社群性行为同蜜蜂（honeybee）一样在昆虫中是最复杂的。常见的蚁类如下：北美的大型黑色木工蚁、热带美洲的军蚁，以及会叮人的火蚁（fire ant）。\n\n你好，我想了解一下蚂蚁的分类。它们有多少种类，主要分布在哪里？", - "你好，Human！蚂蚁属于膜翅目蚁科的昆虫，大约有八千种。它们遍布全球，但在热带地区更为常见。如果你对蚂蚁的其他特点感兴趣，还可以提问哦。" + "蚂蚁属于膜翅目蚁科的昆虫，大约有八千种。它们遍布全球，但在热带地区更为常见。如果你对蚂蚁的其他特点感兴趣，还可以提问哦。" ], [ "对于蚂蚁的食物，它们主要吃什么？", @@ -398101,7 +398101,7 @@ "history": [ [ "戴纳1815～1882年Dana, Richard Henry美国律师和作家。原在哈佛大学读书，后因视力减退辍学去当水手。后来恢复健康，因而复学。1840年取得律师资格，出版《两年水手生涯》（Two Years Before the Mast, 1840），该书如实地记述一个普通水手的海上生活，描绘了水手们所受的屈辱，出版后立即获得成功，并因其逼真的描述而成为一部美国经典之作。1841年出版《海员之友》（The Seaman's Friend），这是一本阐明海员的合法权利和义务的权威性指南。他还编有惠顿（Henry Wheaton）的学术性着作《国际法原理》（Elements of International Law, 1866），对因逃跑而受逮捕的黑奴给予免费的法律援助。\n\n你好，请问戴纳这个人是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，戴纳（Richard Henry Dana）出生于1815年。他是一位美国律师和作家，曾因视力问题辍学去当水手，后来恢复健康并取得律师资格。" + "根据提供的信息，戴纳（Richard Henry Dana）出生于1815年。他是一位美国律师和作家，曾因视力问题辍学去当水手，后来恢复健康并取得律师资格。" ], [ "在众多作品中，他最为著名的一部作品是什么？", @@ -398380,7 +398380,7 @@ "history": [ [ "安娜特Anath西闪米特人所崇奉的主要女神，司掌爱情和战争，是巴力（Baal）的姊妹和助手，她曾从死亡之地把巴力救出来。是最有名的迦南神只之一，以精力旺盛，勇猛善战出名。在埃及，安娜特像为裸体，多立于狮子身上，手执花束。希腊化时代期间，安娜特与阿斯塔特（Astarte）合为阿塔迦蒂斯（Atargatis）女神。\n\n你好，我想了解一下安娜特这个女神，请问她在西闪米特人的信仰中扮演着什么样的角色？", - "你好，Human！安娜特在西闪米特人的信仰中起着非常重要的作用。她是西闪米特人所崇奉的主要女神，负责爱情和战争的神。除此之外，安娜特还是另一位重要神祇巴力（Baal）的姊妹和助手。在某次危机中，她曾成功从死亡之地救出巴力。因此，她对西闪米特人来说具有非常高的地位，代表了英勇、胆量、力量和拯救力量。" + "安娜特在西闪米特人的信仰中起着非常重要的作用。她是西闪米特人所崇奉的主要女神，负责爱情和战争的神。除此之外，安娜特还是另一位重要神祇巴力（Baal）的姊妹和助手。在某次危机中，她曾成功从死亡之地救出巴力。因此，她对西闪米特人来说具有非常高的地位，代表了英勇、胆量、力量和拯救力量。" ], [ "安娜特在埃及文化中有什么表现形式呢？", @@ -398666,7 +398666,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯图亚特王室Stuart, House of亦作House of Stewart或House of Steuart苏格兰（1371～1714）和英格兰（1603～1649、1660～1714）王室。家族的最早成员可追溯到11世纪的布列塔尼，其中一人曾效力于苏格兰大卫一世，后被任命为国王管家。1315年第六代管家华尔德（卒于1326年）与国王罗伯特一世的女儿结婚。他们的儿子罗伯特于1371年成为国王罗伯特二世，即苏格兰的第一代斯图亚特国王（1371～1390年在位）。其后代在15～17世纪中据有王位的有詹姆斯一世、詹姆斯四世、玛丽二世和詹姆斯六世（他后来继承英格兰王位，称詹姆斯一世）。1649年詹姆斯的儿子查理一世被处死后，斯图亚特家族被排斥在王位之外，直到1660年查理二世复位。随之继位的有詹姆斯二世、威廉三世和玛丽二世，以及玛丽的妹妹安妮。斯图亚特王室的传承止于1714年，此后英格兰的王位由汉诺威王室接替。詹姆斯二世的儿子詹姆斯爱德华斯图亚特和孙子查理爱德华斯图亚特后来曾经提出过传承的要求，但没有成功。\n\n你好，请问什么是斯图亚特王室？", - "你好，Human！斯图亚特王室，也被称为House of Stewart或House of Steuart，是苏格兰（1371-1714）和英格兰（1603-1649，1660-1714）的王室家族。最早的成员可以追溯到11世纪的布列塔尼，有些成员曾效力于苏格兰大卫一世，后被任命为国王管家。此后，他们的后代在15-17世纪分别成为苏格兰和英格兰的国王，具有重要的历史地位和影响力。" + "斯图亚特王室，也被称为House of Stewart或House of Steuart，是苏格兰（1371-1714）和英格兰（1603-1649，1660-1714）的王室家族。最早的成员可以追溯到11世纪的布列塔尼，有些成员曾效力于苏格兰大卫一世，后被任命为国王管家。此后，他们的后代在15-17世纪分别成为苏格兰和英格兰的国王，具有重要的历史地位和影响力。" ], [ "谢谢解答！求问斯图亚特王室的第一位国王是谁？", @@ -398689,7 +398689,7 @@ "history": [ [ "耶路撒冷希伯来大学Hebrew University of Jerusalem耶路撒冷的私立大学，创立于1925年。是以色列最重要的大学，吸引了国外的许多犹太学生，也有阿拉伯人学生就学。设有人文科学、自然科学、社会科学、法律、农业、牙科和医科等院系；教育、社会工作、药学、家政学和应用科学技术等学院；以及一所图书馆学研究院。注册人数约有23,000人。\n\n请问耶路撒冷希伯来大学是在哪一年成立的？", - "你好，Human！耶路撒冷希伯来大学成立于1925年。这是一所位于以色列的著名大学，吸引了大量国外的犹太学生和阿拉伯学生。" + "耶路撒冷希伯来大学成立于1925年。这是一所位于以色列的著名大学，吸引了大量国外的犹太学生和阿拉伯学生。" ], [ "能告诉我这所大学有哪些学院和专业吗？", @@ -398811,7 +398811,7 @@ "history": [ [ "委拉斯开兹1599～1660年Velázquez, Diego (Rodríguez de Silva)西班牙画家。生于塞维尔，他随老埃雷拉当学徒，后来由帕切科施以自然主义风格训练。他的早期作品大多是宗教或风俗体裁。1623年抵达马德里后，他绘制了腓力四世的肖像，这使其获得立即的成功，并奉派为宫廷画家。其地位使他得以接近皇室收藏，其中包括提香的作品，后来对其风格产生了极大的影响。义大利之旅（1629～1631）使其风格更进一步，回到马德里即开始他最具创造力的时期。他为腓力的狩猎小屋创造出一种新的非正式肖像类型，而委拉斯开兹的宫廷侏儒肖像展现了与皇室人物一样的洞察眼神。第二次拜访罗马时（1649～1651），他绘制了优秀的教宗英诺森十世肖像。晚年他创造出杰作《光荣的少女》（1656）。在这偶然的场景中，显然艺术家在玛格利塔公主及其随从在场的情况下为国王和王后作画；接近实物大小的人物创造出一种真实世界的幻觉，这是当代没有其他艺术家能够超越的。其被认为是西方艺术的巨人之一。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我关于西班牙画家委拉斯开兹的一些信息吗？", - "你好，Human。我很愿意为你提供关于委拉斯开兹的信息。委拉斯开兹（Diego Rodríguez de Silva Velázquez）是一位生活于1599年至1660年的西班牙画家。他出生于塞维尔，曾在那里成为了老埃雷拉的学徒。后来，帕切科教会了他自然主义风格的绘画。早期，他最常创作的是宗教和风俗题材的作品。\n\n1623年，委拉斯开兹来到马德里，并以腓力四世的肖像开始引起关注。此作品成功让他成为宫廷画家。这个身份使得他接触到了皇家收藏里提香的作品，这些作品后来对他的艺术风格产生了很大的影响。1629至1631年间的意大利之行让他的风格得到了进一步发展，并带来了他最具创造力的时期。在这之后，他为腓力的狩猎小屋设计了一些新的非正式肖像。他还画了宫廷侏儒肖像，展现出对皇室成员的深刻洞察力。1649至1651年间的第二次罗马之行也让他创作了一幅极具表现力的教宗英诺森十世肖像。晚年时，他完成了画作《光荣的少女》（1656）。这部作品展示了一个生动的场景，即在玛格丽塔公主和她的随从在场的情况下，艺术家为国王和王后作画。这幅画的真实感使其成为了当时无人企及的巅峰之作。委拉斯开兹被认为是西方艺术的巨人之一。" + "我很愿意为你提供关于委拉斯开兹的信息。委拉斯开兹（Diego Rodríguez de Silva Velázquez）是一位生活于1599年至1660年的西班牙画家。他出生于塞维尔，曾在那里成为了老埃雷拉的学徒。后来，帕切科教会了他自然主义风格的绘画。早期，他最常创作的是宗教和风俗题材的作品。\n\n1623年，委拉斯开兹来到马德里，并以腓力四世的肖像开始引起关注。此作品成功让他成为宫廷画家。这个身份使得他接触到了皇家收藏里提香的作品，这些作品后来对他的艺术风格产生了很大的影响。1629至1631年间的意大利之行让他的风格得到了进一步发展，并带来了他最具创造力的时期。在这之后，他为腓力的狩猎小屋设计了一些新的非正式肖像。他还画了宫廷侏儒肖像，展现出对皇室成员的深刻洞察力。1649至1651年间的第二次罗马之行也让他创作了一幅极具表现力的教宗英诺森十世肖像。晚年时，他完成了画作《光荣的少女》（1656）。这部作品展示了一个生动的场景，即在玛格丽塔公主和她的随从在场的情况下，艺术家为国王和王后作画。这幅画的真实感使其成为了当时无人企及的巅峰之作。委拉斯开兹被认为是西方艺术的巨人之一。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么，他的绘画风格是如何受到提香等人的影响的呢？", @@ -398849,7 +398849,7 @@ "history": [ [ "约翰二世1319～1364年John II法语作Jean别名好人约翰（John the Good）法国国王（1350～1364年在位）。常与英国和那瓦尔起争执，曾试图与那瓦尔国王查理二世维持友好关系，后于1356年将查理二世下狱。英国爱德华三世的儿子黑太子爱德华领兵入侵法国南部，在普瓦捷战役（1356）中法军大败，约翰被俘掳。他被迫签订「布雷蒂尼条约」（1360）和「加莱条约」（1360），确定约翰的赎金，并将法国西南部大部地区割让予爱德华。亦请参阅Hundred Years' War。\n\n请问约翰二世是什么时候当上法国国王的？", - "你好，Human。约翰二世于1350年成为法国国王，并在位至1364年。他的统治时期处于百年战争（Hundred Years' War）期间，面临着很多挑战。" + "约翰二世于1350年成为法国国王，并在位至1364年。他的统治时期处于百年战争（Hundred Years' War）期间，面临着很多挑战。" ], [ "他与英国和那瓦尔发生争执的原因是什么？", @@ -398906,7 +398906,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赖德律－洛兰1807～1874年Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre-Auguste法国激进政治人物。1839年当选众议员，但因坚持需要一个共和政府而被其他的左翼分子孤立起来。二月革命后任临时政府的内政部长（1848），透过他的影响举办了第一次成年男子普选，选出新的立法机构。1849年他弹劾路易－拿破仑（后来的拿破仑三世），导致一场失败的暴乱。后来逃往英国，1870年大赦后又回到法国。\n\n请问赖德律－洛兰是谁？", - "你好，Human！赖德律-洛兰（Alexandre-Auguste Ledru-Rollin）是一位法国激进政治人物。他活跃于19世纪，出生于1807年，逝世于1874年。他曾于1839年当选为众议员，并坚定地支持建立共和政府，但这使得他被其他左翼分子孤立起来。他在1848年的二月革命后，担任了临时政府的内政部长，并成功推动第一次成年男子普选的举行。" + "赖德律-洛兰（Alexandre-Auguste Ledru-Rollin）是一位法国激进政治人物。他活跃于19世纪，出生于1807年，逝世于1874年。他曾于1839年当选为众议员，并坚定地支持建立共和政府，但这使得他被其他左翼分子孤立起来。他在1848年的二月革命后，担任了临时政府的内政部长，并成功推动第一次成年男子普选的举行。" ], [ "他在二月革命后担任内政部长期间做了哪些事？", @@ -399310,7 +399310,7 @@ "history": [ [ "支柱pillar任何独立的竖直建筑构件，如柱、墩、束柱等，可用整根木料或石料制成，也可用砌块如砖砌成。截面可为任何形状。一般起荷重或稳定作用，也可单独存在，如胜利柱、纪念柱等。壁柱是附在墙上的一种支柱。\n\n根据上面的描述，能给我解释一下支柱和墩有什么区别吗？", - "你好，Human。支柱（pillar）和墩都属于独立的竖直建筑构件，主要用于承受荷载或起稳定作用。支柱是一种更泛化的概念，可以是柱、墩、束柱等不同形式，而墩通常指桥梁等工程中的支承结构。支柱的截面可以是任何形状，可以由木料、石料或砌块制成。墩在形状和材料上可能有更严格的规定，以保证建筑物的稳定和承重。总的来说，墩是支柱的一种，但支柱的概念更宽泛一些。" + "支柱（pillar）和墩都属于独立的竖直建筑构件，主要用于承受荷载或起稳定作用。支柱是一种更泛化的概念，可以是柱、墩、束柱等不同形式，而墩通常指桥梁等工程中的支承结构。支柱的截面可以是任何形状，可以由木料、石料或砌块制成。墩在形状和材料上可能有更严格的规定，以保证建筑物的稳定和承重。总的来说，墩是支柱的一种，但支柱的概念更宽泛一些。" ], [ "明白了，那么胜利柱和纪念柱有什么共同点和不同点呢？", @@ -399348,7 +399348,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马尾藻海Sargasso Sea北大西洋中的平静水体。呈椭圆形，有马尾藻属褐色的海藻漂浮其上。它位于北纬20与35、西经30与70之间，包括了百慕达。哥伦布在1492年穿过此地时首次提及。海藻的存在暗示着大陆的存在并使哥伦布继续前进，但早期的探险家们很担心会被海藻缠住而折返了。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我关于马尾藻海（Sargasso Sea）的一些信息吗？", - "你好，Human! 当然可以。马尾藻海位于北美洲东部，是北大西洋中的一个椭圆形平静水体。它位于北纬20°至35°、西经30°至70°之间，包括了百慕达群岛。这片海域因为漂浮着大量的马尾藻属褐色海藻而得名。马尾藻海第一次被记录是在1492年，当时哥伦布穿越此地区进行探险。" + "当然可以。马尾藻海位于北美洲东部，是北大西洋中的一个椭圆形平静水体。它位于北纬20°至35°、西经30°至70°之间，包括了百慕达群岛。这片海域因为漂浮着大量的马尾藻属褐色海藻而得名。马尾藻海第一次被记录是在1492年，当时哥伦布穿越此地区进行探险。" ], [ "根据当时哥伦布的探险经历，马尾藻海对于他的远征有什么意义？", @@ -399470,7 +399470,7 @@ "history": [ [ "拉威尔1875～1937年Ravel, (Joseph) Maurice法国作曲家。十四岁被巴黎音乐学院录取。完成他的钢琴学习后，他向佛瑞学习作曲，写了重要的钢琴曲《水之嬉戏》和《弦乐四重奏》。接下来的十年间，他创作了许多着名的乐曲，包括《夜之幽灵》（1908）和《加斯巴之夜》（1908）。他受佳吉列夫的委托完成了伟大的芭蕾乐曲《达菲尼与克罗埃》（1912）。其他作品包括歌剧《西班牙时光》（1911）和《儿童与巫师》（1925），组曲《高贵而伤感的圆舞曲》（1911）和《库普兰之墓》（1917），管弦乐《圆舞曲》（1920）和《波利乐舞》（1928），两首钢琴交响乐，以及许多优美的歌曲。作为一位细心、准确的管弦乐作曲家，拉威尔很有天赋，他的作品以其高超的技能受到普遍赞誉。至今仍是法国最受欢迎的作曲家。\n\n请根据上面的信息告诉我一下Maurice Ravel的生平及职业生涯。", - "你好，Human。毛里斯·拉威尔（Maurice Ravel）是一位法国作曲家，生活在1875年至1937年。他14岁时进入了巴黎音乐学院学习，先后学习钢琴和作曲。在学习作曲期间，他向加布里埃尔·福雷（Gabriel Fauré）学习，并创作了很多重要作品。他的作品在音乐领域取得了巨大成功，如《水之嬉戏》和《弦乐四重奏》等。后来，他应依戈尔·迪雅古列夫（Igor Diaghilev）之邀，创作了伟大的芭蕾乐曲《达芙尼与克洛伊》等多部著名作品。拉威尔的作品被普遍认为具有精湛的技巧，他被认为是法国最受欢迎的作曲家之一。" + "毛里斯·拉威尔（Maurice Ravel）是一位法国作曲家，生活在1875年至1937年。他14岁时进入了巴黎音乐学院学习，先后学习钢琴和作曲。在学习作曲期间，他向加布里埃尔·福雷（Gabriel Fauré）学习，并创作了很多重要作品。他的作品在音乐领域取得了巨大成功，如《水之嬉戏》和《弦乐四重奏》等。后来，他应依戈尔·迪雅古列夫（Igor Diaghilev）之邀，创作了伟大的芭蕾乐曲《达芙尼与克洛伊》等多部著名作品。拉威尔的作品被普遍认为具有精湛的技巧，他被认为是法国最受欢迎的作曲家之一。" ], [ "那拉威尔创作的著名歌剧有哪些？", @@ -399988,7 +399988,7 @@ "history": [ [ "共济会Freemasonry世界上最大的以互助为宗旨的秘密团体共济会（Free and Accepted Masons）所奉行的信条和实践活动。共济会制起源于中世纪的石匠的行会制度。在17和18世纪，吸收了古代宗教团体及骑士兄弟会的仪式及举行仪式的场面。1717年，共济会的第一个联合组织「共济总会」（Grand Lodge）在英格兰成立。由于英帝国的向外扩张，共济会很快的传播到其他国家。共济会在美国革命及后来的美国政治上扮演重要的角色。19世纪人们对共济会影响的畏惧，导致反共济运动。会员必须是相信上帝的存在并坚信灵魂不灭说的成年男子。使用拉丁语族语言的各国中，共济会制吸引着自由思想家及反对教权的人士，而在操盎格鲁-撒克逊语的诸国，会员多是白人新教徒。与共济会有关的社会组织如圣地兄弟会。\n\n能简单解释一下共济会是什么吗？", - "你好，Human！共济会（Freemasonry）是一个以互助为宗旨的秘密团体。它起源于中世纪的石匠行会制度，后来吸收了古代宗教团体及骑士兄弟会的仪式。1717年，共济会的第一个联合组织「共济总会」（Grand Lodge）在英格兰成立。随着英帝国的扩张，共济会传播到其他国家，并在美国革命以及美国政治发挥了重要的作用。会员必须相信上帝的存在，成年男子，并坚信灵魂不灭。它在拉丁语族国家多吸引自由思想家和反对教权的人士，而在操盎格鲁-撒克逊语的国家，会员多为白人新教徒。" + "共济会（Freemasonry）是一个以互助为宗旨的秘密团体。它起源于中世纪的石匠行会制度，后来吸收了古代宗教团体及骑士兄弟会的仪式。1717年，共济会的第一个联合组织「共济总会」（Grand Lodge）在英格兰成立。随着英帝国的扩张，共济会传播到其他国家，并在美国革命以及美国政治发挥了重要的作用。会员必须相信上帝的存在，成年男子，并坚信灵魂不灭。它在拉丁语族国家多吸引自由思想家和反对教权的人士，而在操盎格鲁-撒克逊语的国家，会员多为白人新教徒。" ], [ "共济会与19世纪的反共济运动有什么关系？", @@ -400400,7 +400400,7 @@ "history": [ [ "狗weakfish亦称sea trout鲈形目石首鱼科狗属（Cynoscion）鱼类的统称，约六个种，栖于北美沿岸海区。王狗（C regalis）是海水游钓鱼，但长度一般小于60公分。沿中大西洋美国各州也进行商业性捕捞，是石首鱼科中经济意义最大者。斑狗（C nebulosus）见于佛罗里达之大西洋与墨西哥湾沿岸，体型较前者稍小。形状和外观与鲑形目（Salmoniformes）的鳟类相似，但二者毫无亲缘关系。\n\n你好，请问狗weakfish是什么鱼？", - "你好，Human！狗weakfish是石首鱼科狗属（Cynoscion）的鱼类，统称约有六个种。它们主要栖息在北美沿岸的海域。其中，王狗（Cynoscion regalis）和斑狗（Cynoscion nebulosus）是较为常见的两种。虽然它们的外观和鳟类相似，不过实际上这两者并没有亲缘关系。" + "狗weakfish是石首鱼科狗属（Cynoscion）的鱼类，统称约有六个种。它们主要栖息在北美沿岸的海域。其中，王狗（Cynoscion regalis）和斑狗（Cynoscion nebulosus）是较为常见的两种。虽然它们的外观和鳟类相似，不过实际上这两者并没有亲缘关系。" ], [ "王狗和斑狗有什么区别呢？", @@ -400816,11 +400816,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的回答。我对查利诺和他的学生有了更全面的了解了。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能帮助你了解更多关于查利诺和他学生的信息。如果你还有其他问题或需要关于音乐或其他领域的帮助，欢迎随时询问。我会竭诚为你解答！", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能帮助你了解更多关于查利诺和他学生的信息。如果你还有其他问题或需要关于音乐或其他领域的帮助，欢迎随时询问。我会竭诚为你解答！", "history": [ [ "查利诺1517～1590年Zarlino, Gioseffo义大利作曲家和音乐理论家。1541年担任助祭圣职，并在威尼斯圣马可教堂随魏拉尔学音乐，1565年成为该堂音乐总监。他的学生包括拉摩和加利莱伊。他的论文《和声惯例》（1558）对16世纪上半叶的音乐思维作出敏税的报告。他反对单音宣叙调，坚持音乐有它自身的规律，不能为模仿讲话的词句而放弃音乐的规律。\n\n你好，能告诉我一下查利诺是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！查利诺（Gioseffo Zarlino）是一位生活在16世纪的意大利作曲家和音乐理论家。他活跃于1517至1590年，贡献了大量的音乐作品和音乐理论研究。他曾在威尼斯圣马可教堂担任助祭圣职，后来在同一所教堂学习音乐，并于1565年成为圣马可教堂的音乐总监。他的一些著名学生包括拉摩和加利莱伊。而他的著作《和声惯例》（1558）对当时16世纪上半叶的音乐思维有很大影响。这本书辩论了音乐具有其自身规律的观点。这样的解释可以帮助你了解查利诺是一个非常重要的音乐人物。" + "查利诺（Gioseffo Zarlino）是一位生活在16世纪的意大利作曲家和音乐理论家。他活跃于1517至1590年，贡献了大量的音乐作品和音乐理论研究。他曾在威尼斯圣马可教堂担任助祭圣职，后来在同一所教堂学习音乐，并于1565年成为圣马可教堂的音乐总监。他的一些著名学生包括拉摩和加利莱伊。而他的著作《和声惯例》（1558）对当时16世纪上半叶的音乐思维有很大影响。这本书辩论了音乐具有其自身规律的观点。这样的解释可以帮助你了解查利诺是一个非常重要的音乐人物。" ], [ "查利诺在《和声惯例》一书中提出了什么观点？", @@ -401346,7 +401346,7 @@ "history": [ [ "集邮philately对邮票的收藏和研究。第一张邮票是在1840年的英国发行。美国首次发行邮票是在1842年。邮票收藏家通常都是专门化的，他们专门收藏某个一国家、某段时期或某个主题（如鸟类、花卉、艺术）的邮票。邮票的价值由其稀有程度和保存状况决定。邮票发行中的印刷错误可能提高邮票的价值。\n\n请问集邮是指什么？", - "你好，Human！集邮，也叫philately，指的是对邮票的收藏和研究。邮票作为一个国家或地区的文化代表，邮票收藏家通过收集不同的邮票，了解不同国家、历史时期或特定主题（如鸟类、花卉、艺术等）的相关信息。邮票的价值会受到其稀有程度和保存状况的影响，某些发行中的印刷错误也可能提高邮票的价值。" + "集邮，也叫philately，指的是对邮票的收藏和研究。邮票作为一个国家或地区的文化代表，邮票收藏家通过收集不同的邮票，了解不同国家、历史时期或特定主题（如鸟类、花卉、艺术等）的相关信息。邮票的价值会受到其稀有程度和保存状况的影响，某些发行中的印刷错误也可能提高邮票的价值。" ], [ "请问世界上第一张邮票是什么时候发行的？", @@ -401789,7 +401789,7 @@ "history": [ [ "审判trial在法律上，一种对事实或法律争论的司法检查，目的在于裁定相关各造的权利。自诉人及被告之辩护人向法官或陪审团进行公开陈述，再由自诉人辩护人要求传唤证人以说明案件，被告辩护人亦可对证人进行交互诘问。除非案件因缺乏充分证据而撤销，否则即轮由被告辩护人要求传唤证人，而自诉人辩护人亦可对证人进行交互诘问；接着即由两造进行结辩。在有陪审团的审判中，由法官以适当法律指导陪审团进行，然后陪审团退席以达成一致判决。如果被告获判有罪，则由法官宣判刑罚。\n\n请问审判trial在法律上的意义是什么？", - "你好，Human。审判trial在法律上是针对事实或法律争议的一种司法审查方式，旨在确认涉及案件的各方的权益。它涉及到控方和被告方向法官或陪审团提供公开陈述，各自传唤证人说明案情，并相互交叉询问证人。审判的过程包括了开庭、举证、质证、辩论和宣判等步骤,，在有陪审团的审判中，法官会根据适用的法律为陪审团提供指导，陪审团独立讨论后达成一致判决。若被告被判有罪，法官将判决刑罚。" + "审判trial在法律上是针对事实或法律争议的一种司法审查方式，旨在确认涉及案件的各方的权益。它涉及到控方和被告方向法官或陪审团提供公开陈述，各自传唤证人说明案情，并相互交叉询问证人。审判的过程包括了开庭、举证、质证、辩论和宣判等步骤,，在有陪审团的审判中，法官会根据适用的法律为陪审团提供指导，陪审团独立讨论后达成一致判决。若被告被判有罪，法官将判决刑罚。" ], [ "如何确定一个审判是否公平公正？", @@ -402067,7 +402067,7 @@ "history": [ [ "钾potassium一种碱金属化学元素，化学符号K，原子序数19。是一种柔软、银白色的金属，自然界不存在游离状态。由于它化学性质极端活泼，所以几乎不把它作为金属使用（除了做化学反应剂）。钾是生命活动必须的，存在于各种土壤中。在电化学脉冲传输和输导过程中钾离子（K+）和钠离子在细胞膜上起作用。钾在化合物中的原子价是1。钾的氯化物用作肥料以及生产其他化合物的原料。氢氧化钾用于制造液体肥皂和洗涤剂，并用于制备各种盐。在食盐中加入碘化钾以防碘缺乏。硝酸盐亦称硝石，碳酸盐亦称钾碱。\n\n请问钾是什么样的化学元素？", - "你好，Human。钾（potassium）是一种碱金属化学元素，化学符号为K，原子序数为19。它是一种柔软、银白色的金属，但由于其化学性质极端活泼，自然界中不存在游离状态，也几乎不会把它作为金属使用，除了作为化学反应剂。钾在生命活动中非常重要，它存在于各种土壤中。" + "钾（potassium）是一种碱金属化学元素，化学符号为K，原子序数为19。它是一种柔软、银白色的金属，但由于其化学性质极端活泼，自然界中不存在游离状态，也几乎不会把它作为金属使用，除了作为化学反应剂。钾在生命活动中非常重要，它存在于各种土壤中。" ], [ "那钾在生物体内有什么作用？", @@ -402433,7 +402433,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马斯卡尼1863～1945年Mascagni, Pietro义大利作曲家。很早就开始其作曲生涯。曾在米兰音乐学院和庞基耶利（A Ponchielli，1834～1886）一起学习，是普契尼的室友，但后来被开除。在随团进行歌剧巡回演出期间，他一面负责管理方面的事务，一面开始创作歌剧，后来以其独幕歌剧《乡村骑士》（1890）获奖。这部歌剧自首演以来就十分受欢迎，是他流传得最长久的作品。他后来的作品《好友弗里兹》（1891）、《伊里斯》（1899）以及《小马拉特》（1921）都获得成功。\n\n请问你了解马斯卡尼吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，我了解马斯卡尼（Pietro Mascagni），他是一位义大利作曲家，生活在1863年至1945年。马斯卡尼在很年轻的时候就开始了他的作曲生涯。他曾在米兰音乐学院学习，并与庞基耶利（A. Ponchielli）一起学习。他还曾是普契尼的室友，但后来被开除。在进行歌剧巡回演出的过程中，他一边负责管理事务，一边开始创作歌剧。" + "是的，我了解马斯卡尼（Pietro Mascagni），他是一位义大利作曲家，生活在1863年至1945年。马斯卡尼在很年轻的时候就开始了他的作曲生涯。他曾在米兰音乐学院学习，并与庞基耶利（A. Ponchielli）一起学习。他还曾是普契尼的室友，但后来被开除。在进行歌剧巡回演出的过程中，他一边负责管理事务，一边开始创作歌剧。" ], [ "他有什么著名的作品吗？", @@ -402979,7 +402979,7 @@ "history": [ [ "洛克福Rockford美国伊利诺州北部城市（1996年人口约144,000）。临罗克河。伊利诺州第二大城市，1834年由新英格兰人创建。最初名为米德韦（Midway）。因河对面的浅滩而被该名为洛克福。1852年设市。1844年兴建的水坝提供的水力使其发展成为农业区中部的制造业中心。该地的主要产品包括机床、五金器具、农具、家具和种子等。\n\n我有一些关于洛克福这个城市的问题，请问你能帮我解答吗？", - "你好，Human。我会根据我所知道的关于洛克福的信息尽力帮助你解答问题，请问你有什么问题呢？" + "我会根据我所知道的关于洛克福的信息尽力帮助你解答问题，请问你有什么问题呢？" ], [ "洛克福位于美国的哪个州？", @@ -403271,7 +403271,7 @@ "history": [ [ "勒蓬廷阿尔卑斯山脉Lepontine Alps义大利－瑞士边界上阿尔卑斯山脉中部的一段。西面和西南面以本宁阿尔卑斯山脉为界，南面是义大利湖区；最高峰莱昂内峰海拔3,553公尺，位于它的西端。重要的山口包括辛普伦山口、圣哥达山口、卢克马尼尔和圣贝纳迪诺山口。\n\n请问勒蓬廷阿尔卑斯山脉Lepontine Alps在哪个国家？", - "你好，Human。勒蓬廷阿尔卑斯山脉（Lepontine Alps）位于意大利和瑞士的边界地区。它是阿尔卑斯山脉中部的一段，分布于这两个国家之间。" + "勒蓬廷阿尔卑斯山脉（Lepontine Alps）位于意大利和瑞士的边界地区。它是阿尔卑斯山脉中部的一段，分布于这两个国家之间。" ], [ "了解了，那此山脉和哪些山脉接壤？", @@ -403694,7 +403694,7 @@ "history": [ [ "块根马利筋butterfly weed萝藦科多年生植物，学名Asclepias tuberosa。原产于北美。植株粗壮，被糙毛，具水平根。茎多叶，直立，疏分枝，高约03～09公尺。仲夏前后开花，花密集簇生，鲜橙色。该植物乳汁较少，与该属多数植物不同。原产于干燥野地，常植于野生植物园，或用作沿边花卉。\n\n你好，请问Asclepias tuberosa（块根马利筋）具有哪些特点？", - "你好，Human！Asclepias tuberosa（块根马利筋）是一种萝藦科的多年生植物，原产于北美。它的特点包括：植株粗壮，被糙毛，具有水平根；茎多叶，直立，疏分枝，高约0.3-0.9公尺；它在仲夏前后开花，花密集簇生，鲜橙色；与其他同属植物不同，它的乳汁较少。Asclepias tuberosa通常种植于干燥野地，野生植物园，或沿边的花卉园。" + "Asclepias tuberosa（块根马利筋）是一种萝藦科的多年生植物，原产于北美。它的特点包括：植株粗壮，被糙毛，具有水平根；茎多叶，直立，疏分枝，高约0.3-0.9公尺；它在仲夏前后开花，花密集簇生，鲜橙色；与其他同属植物不同，它的乳汁较少。Asclepias tuberosa通常种植于干燥野地，野生植物园，或沿边的花卉园。" ], [ "这种植物在园林设计中有什么价值？", @@ -403852,7 +403852,7 @@ "history": [ [ "绍纳人Shona居住在辛巴威东部和莫三比克西部的操班图语民族。人口约为850万。绍纳人种植玉蜀黍、小米和高粱等作物，并养牛。其村庄由竹泥棚屋，谷仓和普通牛栏组成。绍纳人的传统曾以其精美的铁制品，陶器和音乐着称，但在基督教的传播以及某些城市化过程中正迅速衰落，几乎未曾动摇的是他们对魔法、巫术及妖术的信奉。\n\n请问绍纳人生活在哪个国家的哪些地区？", - "你好Human！绍纳人主要居住在津巴布韦东部和莫桑比克西部的地区。他们是一个讲班图语的民族，人口约有850万人。" + "绍纳人主要居住在津巴布韦东部和莫桑比克西部的地区。他们是一个讲班图语的民族，人口约有850万人。" ], [ "他们的主要经济来源是什么？", @@ -404390,7 +404390,7 @@ "history": [ [ "一事不再理double jeopardy亦译一事不重复追究。法律上指为防止国家多次起诉而采取的保护措施。一般地说，一个人不能因同一行为而两次受同一罪行的审判。因此，任何人不得因同一杀人行为而被判谋杀罪和非谋杀罪；但是，却可以被判犯有谋杀罪和抢劫罪，只要他在抢劫的同时还进行谋杀。一事不再理的辩护理由还足以阻止任何业经宣告无罪释放的人因同一罪行而受国家的第二次审判。亦请参阅accused, rights of the、due process\n\n请问你能给我解释一下什么是“一事不再理”吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。一事不再理（double jeopardy），亦译为一事不重复追究， 是一项法律原则。它主要是为了防止一个人因同一行为而两次受到同一罪行的审判。换句话说，这个原则可以保护公民免受国家多次起诉的困扰。例如，一个人不能因为同一个杀人行为而被判谋杀罪和非谋杀罪。在法治国家里，如果一个人已经对某项罪行被宣告无罪释放，那么该人将不会再因同一罪行而受到国家的第二次审判。" + "当然可以。一事不再理（double jeopardy），亦译为一事不重复追究， 是一项法律原则。它主要是为了防止一个人因同一行为而两次受到同一罪行的审判。换句话说，这个原则可以保护公民免受国家多次起诉的困扰。例如，一个人不能因为同一个杀人行为而被判谋杀罪和非谋杀罪。在法治国家里，如果一个人已经对某项罪行被宣告无罪释放，那么该人将不会再因同一罪行而受到国家的第二次审判。" ], [ "请问一事不再理这个原则在哪些情况下不能适用呢？", @@ -404596,7 +404596,7 @@ "history": [ [ "三级会议Estates-General亦称States General法语作états-Généraux法国大革命前君主制下的三个「等级」代议制议会。三个等级是︰教士、贵族（享有特权的少数）和代表人民大多数的第三等级（Third Estate）。通常是发生危机时由王室来召开，从14世纪起每次三级会议间隔的时间不一；由于王室通常会和地方等级会议达成协议，所有成效有限。最后一次三级会议召开于法国大革命开始时（1789），因而创立国民议会（National Assembly）。\n\n我刚刚读了一段关于法国大革命前的三级会议，能帮我详细解释一下什么是三级会议吗？", - "你好Human，三级会议（Estates-General，法语为états-Généraux）是法国大革命前君主制下的一个代议制议会。它主要由三个等级组成：教士、贵族（特权阶层）和代表人民大多数的第三等级（Third Estate）。在国家遇到危机时，王室会召开此会议。从14世纪开始，各次三级会议的召开时间间隔不定。通常，王室会与地方等级会议达成协议，所以议会的成效有限。最后一次三级会议在法国大革命开始时（1789年）召开，随后创建了国民议会（National Assembly）。" + "三级会议（Estates-General，法语为états-Généraux）是法国大革命前君主制下的一个代议制议会。它主要由三个等级组成：教士、贵族（特权阶层）和代表人民大多数的第三等级（Third Estate）。在国家遇到危机时，王室会召开此会议。从14世纪开始，各次三级会议的召开时间间隔不定。通常，王室会与地方等级会议达成协议，所以议会的成效有限。最后一次三级会议在法国大革命开始时（1789年）召开，随后创建了国民议会（National Assembly）。" ], [ "这三个等级在议会中的权力分配是平均的吗？", @@ -404850,7 +404850,7 @@ "history": [ [ "音乐盒music box机动乐器，内有排布了针头状突起的铜筒或唱盘，随着转筒或唱盘的旋转，针状突起拨动经调谐的钢簧片发声，解码出成段的音乐。1780年发明于瑞士。在被留声机与自动演奏钢琴替代之前，具有一定曲调的转筒或唱盘标准件的音乐盒一直是很受欢迎的家庭乐器。\n\n请问音乐盒是什么样的乐器？", - "你好，Human！音乐盒是一种机动乐器，其内部有一个铜制的转筒或唱盘，上面排布着一些针状突起。当转筒或唱盘旋转时，这些突起会拨动经过调谐的钢簧片发声，从而解码出成段的音乐。音乐盒起源于1780年的瑞士，曾经是很受欢迎的家庭乐器，直到留声机和自动演奏钢琴逐渐取代它。" + "音乐盒是一种机动乐器，其内部有一个铜制的转筒或唱盘，上面排布着一些针状突起。当转筒或唱盘旋转时，这些突起会拨动经过调谐的钢簧片发声，从而解码出成段的音乐。音乐盒起源于1780年的瑞士，曾经是很受欢迎的家庭乐器，直到留声机和自动演奏钢琴逐渐取代它。" ], [ "发明音乐盒的最初目的是什么？", @@ -405120,7 +405120,7 @@ "history": [ [ "丁玲1904～1986年Ding Ling亦拼作Ting Ling原名蒋冰之中国作家。丁玲曾写出三本短篇小说集，故事内容多集中在年轻而不遵守传统的中国女性身上。之后她于1931年出版以无产阶级为导向的短篇小说集《水》，被赞誉为社会主义写实主义之模范。她后来对共产党表示不满，为此在文化大革命期间，遭审查与囚禁达五年之久；但最终回复了党职。她后期的作品包括文学评论与小说，其中部分收录在1989年所出版的英文书《I Myself Am a Woman》（身为女人）。\n\n你好，请问丁玲是谁？", - "你好，Human。丁玲（1904-1986），原名蒋冰之，是一位杰出的中国作家。她的作品主要关注年轻、不遵守传统的中国女性主题。她曾出版过三本短篇小说集，后来又于1931年出版了以无产阶级为导向的短篇小说集《水》，被认为是社会主义写实主义的典范。然而，丁玲在文化大革命期间曾对共产党表示不满，并因此遭受审查和长达五年的囚禁。最终，她回归了党职，并继续创作，她后期的作品包括文学评论和小说，其中部分作品收录在1989年出版的英文书《I Myself Am a Woman》(身为女人)中。" + "丁玲（1904-1986），原名蒋冰之，是一位杰出的中国作家。她的作品主要关注年轻、不遵守传统的中国女性主题。她曾出版过三本短篇小说集，后来又于1931年出版了以无产阶级为导向的短篇小说集《水》，被认为是社会主义写实主义的典范。然而，丁玲在文化大革命期间曾对共产党表示不满，并因此遭受审查和长达五年的囚禁。最终，她回归了党职，并继续创作，她后期的作品包括文学评论和小说，其中部分作品收录在1989年出版的英文书《I Myself Am a Woman》(身为女人)中。" ], [ "请解释一下丁玲与文化大革命的关系。", @@ -405395,7 +405395,7 @@ "history": [ [ "杜丝1858～1924年Duse, Eleonora义大利女戏剧演员。出身于巡回剧团家庭，首次登台时年仅四岁，1878年在那不勒斯主演左拉的《黛莱丝拉甘》获空前成功。1882年她从法国女演员贝恩哈特（S Bernhardt）的表演中受到启发，开始演现代剧。1885年后成立自己的剧团，到欧洲和美国演出。1894年她与青年诗人邓南遮（G D'Annunzio）相恋，邓南遮为她写了许多剧本，如着名的《弗兰契斯卡达里米妮》。她还演出挪威剧作家易卜生的作品，并以此闻名。1909年主要由于健康原因退出舞台，1921年又因经济拮据而复出，后在美国的巡回演出中过世。杜丝是当时最有影响、最富表现力的女演员，她的才能可与同时代的法国剧坛天才明星贝恩哈特相媲美。她表情丰富，表演逼真，总是竭力为每个角色注入自己的个性，无论什么角色都能胜任。\n\n你好，请你简单介绍一下意大利女演员杜丝的生平和事业。", - "你好，Human! 杜丝（Eleonora Duse）是一位意大利女戏剧演员，出生于1858年，逝世于1924年。她出生在一个巡回剧团家庭，四岁时就开始在舞台上表演。1878年，她在那不勒斯主演了左拉的《黛莱丝拉甘》，这场演出取得了空前成功。1882年，受法国女演员贝恩哈特的启发，她开始转型演现代剧。1885年后，她成立了自己的剧团，在欧洲和美国进行演出。其中，杜丝与诗人邓南遮的合作，为她创作了许多剧本，她也在易卜生的作品中表现出色。然而，1909年因为健康原因，她退出了舞台，直到1921年因经济压力复出。杜丝被认为是当时最有影响和最富表现力的女演员之一，与贝恩哈特并驾齐驱。" + "杜丝（Eleonora Duse）是一位意大利女戏剧演员，出生于1858年，逝世于1924年。她出生在一个巡回剧团家庭，四岁时就开始在舞台上表演。1878年，她在那不勒斯主演了左拉的《黛莱丝拉甘》，这场演出取得了空前成功。1882年，受法国女演员贝恩哈特的启发，她开始转型演现代剧。1885年后，她成立了自己的剧团，在欧洲和美国进行演出。其中，杜丝与诗人邓南遮的合作，为她创作了许多剧本，她也在易卜生的作品中表现出色。然而，1909年因为健康原因，她退出了舞台，直到1921年因经济压力复出。杜丝被认为是当时最有影响和最富表现力的女演员之一，与贝恩哈特并驾齐驱。" ], [ "那她演过的作品有哪些让她最为人称道的呢？", @@ -405575,7 +405575,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蠷earwig革翅目（order Dermaptera）约1,100种昆虫。特征为后翅大而膜质，隐藏于短而革质的前翅之下。体长02～2寸（5～50公厘），体形扁平，细长，色深，有光泽。咀嚼口器。有几个品种的腹部腺体分泌一种难闻的液体，能射出4寸（10公分）远。腹部末端有一对粗硬的镊状尾夹，可能用于防卫、捕食、收拢翅膀和求偶时打斗。\n\n你好，请问你了解蠷earwig这种昆虫吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解蠷earwig，它属于革翅目昆虫，大约有1,100种。这种昆虫的特征是体长在0.2到2寸（5至50毫米）之间，身体扁平、细长、颜色深沉并有光泽。它们的后翅很大且呈膜状，通常隐藏在革质的前翅下方。蠷earwig有咀嚼口器。部分种类的腹部腺体可以分泌一种有异味的液体，能射出4寸（10厘米）远。这些昆虫腹部末端有一对镊状尾夹，这可能用于防卫、捕食、收拢翅膀和求偶时打斗。" + "我了解蠷earwig，它属于革翅目昆虫，大约有1,100种。这种昆虫的特征是体长在0.2到2寸（5至50毫米）之间，身体扁平、细长、颜色深沉并有光泽。它们的后翅很大且呈膜状，通常隐藏在革质的前翅下方。蠷earwig有咀嚼口器。部分种类的腹部腺体可以分泌一种有异味的液体，能射出4寸（10厘米）远。这些昆虫腹部末端有一对镊状尾夹，这可能用于防卫、捕食、收拢翅膀和求偶时打斗。" ], [ "那么蠷earwig在生态系统中的地位是什么样的呢？", @@ -405869,7 +405869,7 @@ "history": [ [ "华盖baldachin祭坛或墓碑上方的顶盖，用石头、木材或金属制成。义大利baldacchino原指从巴格达传入西班牙的一种用精致锦缎制作的天篷，悬挂在祭坛上。常用的形式为四根支柱承托檐部，其上有小型列柱廊，顶上有攒尖或两坡屋顶。贝尼尼着名的巨大青铜华盖（1624～1633）矗立在罗马圣彼得大教堂的祭坛。\n\n请问华盖baldachin的定义是什么？", - "你好，Human！华盖baldachin是一种祭坛或墓碑上方的顶盖，通常用石头、木材或金属制成。它起源于意大利，原是指从巴格达传入西班牙的一种用精致锦缎制作的天篷，悬挂在祭坛上。常用的形式为四根支柱承托檐部，其上有小型列柱廊，顶上有攒尖或两坡屋顶。过去，人们通过在祭坛或墓碑上增加华盖，来增强这些地方的庄严与美感。" + "华盖baldachin是一种祭坛或墓碑上方的顶盖，通常用石头、木材或金属制成。它起源于意大利，原是指从巴格达传入西班牙的一种用精致锦缎制作的天篷，悬挂在祭坛上。常用的形式为四根支柱承托檐部，其上有小型列柱廊，顶上有攒尖或两坡屋顶。过去，人们通过在祭坛或墓碑上增加华盖，来增强这些地方的庄严与美感。" ], [ "贝尼尼的巨大青铜华盖是什么样的？能否提供一些相关信息？", @@ -406179,7 +406179,7 @@ "history": [ [ "微分几何differential geometry把微积分用于几何的一个数学领域。这一类型的几何称为「局部的」，因为它主要是讨论一点附近的限定区域内的性质。微分几何方法的简单例子是在一平面曲线上某点处求切线。其步骤等同于在所有通过该点的直线中选择一条直线，使它的斜率与曲线在该点处的斜率相同。利用解析几何的方法可写出曲线的代数方程式和通过曲线上要求的点及其任何邻近的点的直线代数方程式。利用微积分的方法可找出具有所要求的斜率的直线。同样的操作可施行于曲线的曲率和弧长的计算以及在任何维空间中曲面的类似性质的计算。\n\n根据上面的信息，能否解释一下什么是局部的几何？", - "你好，Human！局部的几何是指在几何对象中一个很小的局限区域内的性质和特征。在微分几何中，人们常常关注图形在一个点附近的表现，例如其斜率、曲率等，而不是整个图形的全貌。与整个图形的全貌相对应的几何类型通常被称为“整体的”或“全局的”几何。局部几何特征仅受其周围附近区域的性质所影响，因此在微分几何中通常对局部特征进行研究。" + "局部的几何是指在几何对象中一个很小的局限区域内的性质和特征。在微分几何中，人们常常关注图形在一个点附近的表现，例如其斜率、曲率等，而不是整个图形的全貌。与整个图形的全貌相对应的几何类型通常被称为“整体的”或“全局的”几何。局部几何特征仅受其周围附近区域的性质所影响，因此在微分几何中通常对局部特征进行研究。" ], [ "那么，如何在给定曲线上的一个点处求切线呢？", @@ -406708,7 +406708,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马荣火山Mayon Volcano亦称马荣山（Mount Mayon）菲律宾吕宋东南部的活火山。是世界上最完美的火山锥之一，底基占有130公里，高2,421公尺。深受登山客和露营者的喜爱，是占地55平方公里的马荣火山国家公园的中心地带。从1616年起已喷发三十余次，1993年的一次喷发造成七十五人死亡。最具破坏力的一次喷发发生在1814年，当时整个卡格沙瓦城惨遭掩埋。\n\n请问马荣火山在哪个国家?", - "你好，Human！马荣火山位于菲律宾吕宋东南部。它是一个活火山，非常著名。" + "马荣火山位于菲律宾吕宋东南部。它是一个活火山，非常著名。" ], [ "能告诉我马荣火山的基本特征吗？", @@ -406804,7 +406804,7 @@ "history": [ [ "贝德克尔1801～1859年Baedeker, Karl德国出版商。其父是印刷工和书商。1827年在科布伦茨创建一家出版社，后来以出版旅游手册而闻名。其目的是提供旅游者必要的实用资讯，免得花钱雇用导游。其书籍的一大特色是用星号标示重要景点，并载明可靠的投宿旅店。到他去世时，他的旅游手册已涉及欧洲绝大部分地区。他去世后，在其子的经营下，出版社日益扩展，还出版了英、法文版。\n\n请问贝德克尔这个人物是谁，他做了哪些事情？", - "你好，Human！贝德克尔（Karl Baedeker）是一位德国出版商，他生活在1801年至1859年。他的父亲是印刷工和书商。1827年，贝德克尔在德国科布伦茨创建了一家出版社，后来因出版旅行指南手册而闻名。这些手册旨在提供旅行者所需的实用信息，以免他们花钱聘请导游。他的旅行指南具有一些特点，例如用星号标注重要景点，并提供可靠的住宿酒店信息。在他去世后，他的子孙继续发展这个出版事业，出品了覆盖欧洲大部分地区的旅游手册，并有英文和法文版本。" + "贝德克尔（Karl Baedeker）是一位德国出版商，他生活在1801年至1859年。他的父亲是印刷工和书商。1827年，贝德克尔在德国科布伦茨创建了一家出版社，后来因出版旅行指南手册而闻名。这些手册旨在提供旅行者所需的实用信息，以免他们花钱聘请导游。他的旅行指南具有一些特点，例如用星号标注重要景点，并提供可靠的住宿酒店信息。在他去世后，他的子孙继续发展这个出版事业，出品了覆盖欧洲大部分地区的旅游手册，并有英文和法文版本。" ], [ "那贝德克尔的旅行指南手册为何能够吸引很多旅行者？", @@ -407025,7 +407025,7 @@ "history": [ [ "情感论affections, doctrine of the德语作Affektenlehre巴洛克时（Baroque period）的一种音乐美学理论，认为音乐能引起听者各种特定的情感。在古典修辞学（rhetoric）影响下，其抱守的论点是音乐的主要目的是打动人的情感。到17世纪末，一些个别独立的旋律习惯性地被编成绕着一种情感（情感一致）转，导致巴洛克的音乐缺乏强烈的节奏对比，以重复的节奏为特色。有些人尝试有系统地罗列在不同音阶和音型下所引起的情感反应，但未获一般人认同。\n\n请问情感论是什么？", - "你好，Human！情感论，亦称作Affections Doctrine，是巴洛克时期的一种音乐美学理论。它认为音乐能引起听者各种特定的情感。在古典修辞学的影响下，情感论的主要观点是音乐的主要目的是打动人的情感。" + "情感论，亦称作Affections Doctrine，是巴洛克时期的一种音乐美学理论。它认为音乐能引起听者各种特定的情感。在古典修辞学的影响下，情感论的主要观点是音乐的主要目的是打动人的情感。" ], [ "巴洛克时期的音乐有什么特点？", @@ -407189,7 +407189,7 @@ "history": [ [ "吉布生1867～1944年Gibson, Charles Dana美国插图画家。曾在纽约艺术学生联合会学习一年，后向《生活》、《哈泼杂志》、《世纪》等刊物投稿。以自己妻子为模特儿画的吉布生少女曾广为流传。其钢笔墨线条优雅，风格流畅，被广泛模仿和临摹。他还出版了几部讽刺「上流社会」的图画书，如《皮普先生的教育》、《一个寡妇和她的朋友们》（1901）等。\n\n我想了解一下Charles Dana Gibson这位美国插图画家，你能给我介绍一下他的生平和作品吗？", - "你好，Human！我非常乐意为你介绍Charles Dana Gibson（1867-1944），他是一位美国插图画家。Gibson曾在纽约艺术学生联合会学习一年，后来为《生活》、《哈泼杂志》、《世纪》等刊物投稿。他的作品有着优雅的钢笔墨线条和流畅的风格，广受欢迎。其中，以他妻子为模特儿画的吉布生少女曾广为流传。此外，他还出版了几部讽刺上流社会的图画书，如《皮普先生的教育》和《一个寡妇和她的朋友们》（1901）等。" + "我非常乐意为你介绍Charles Dana Gibson（1867-1944），他是一位美国插图画家。Gibson曾在纽约艺术学生联合会学习一年，后来为《生活》、《哈泼杂志》、《世纪》等刊物投稿。他的作品有着优雅的钢笔墨线条和流畅的风格，广受欢迎。其中，以他妻子为模特儿画的吉布生少女曾广为流传。此外，他还出版了几部讽刺上流社会的图画书，如《皮普先生的教育》和《一个寡妇和她的朋友们》（1901）等。" ], [ "吉布生少女有什么特点？为什么这么流行？", @@ -407383,7 +407383,7 @@ "history": [ [ "皇帝emperor古罗马帝国君主的称号，并为后来欧洲各种不同的统治者援用；也用以泛指某些非欧洲的君主。奥古斯都是第一个罗马皇帝。拜占庭皇帝在君士坦丁堡统治到1453年为止。查理曼在800年成为第一个西方皇帝（后来是神圣罗马帝国皇帝）。962年奥托一世（Otto I）称帝后，只有德意志国王拥有这个头衔。在欧洲其他地方，统治多个王国的君主（如阿方索六世统治莱昂和卡斯提尔）有时也采用皇帝这个头衔。拿破仑自封皇帝，声称是查理曼的继承人，直接威胁到哈布斯堡王室。英国的维多利亚女王采用印度女皇（empress）称号。中国、日本、蒙兀儿、印加和阿兹特克等欧洲以外的国家，其统治者也称皇帝。\n\n你好，请问罗马帝国的第一个皇帝是谁？", - "你好，Human！根据所提供的信息，罗马帝国的第一个皇帝是奥古斯都。他成为皇帝标志着古罗马帝国的开始。" + "根据所提供的信息，罗马帝国的第一个皇帝是奥古斯都。他成为皇帝标志着古罗马帝国的开始。" ], [ "拜占庭皇帝统治君士坦丁堡一直持续到哪一年？", @@ -407754,7 +407754,7 @@ "history": [ [ "去殖民地化decolonization殖民地脱离殖民国家独立的过程。对一些大部分是由被放逐者定居的英国殖民地而言，去殖民地化的过程是和平渐进的，但其他地方多是暴力相向的，这些殖民地因民族主义的激发而发动本土的叛乱。第二次世界大战后欧洲各国大多耗尽财富，也无政治能力来镇压边远殖民地的暴乱，加上新兴强权国家（美、苏）对殖民主义（colonialism）采取反对的立场，故得不到它们的支持。1945年韩国因日本战败而独立。美国在1946年放弃菲律宾。接着，英国人离开印度（1947）、巴勒斯坦（1948）和埃及（1956），并在1950年代和1960年代撤出非洲殖民地，以及在1970年代、1980年代放弃多个岛屿保护地，1997年归还香港给中国。1954年法国人离开越南，到1962年已放弃北非各殖民地。葡萄牙（Portugal）也在1970年代放弃非洲殖民地，1999年澳门回归中国。\n\n关于殖民地历史，我想请教一下，去殖民地化是如何发生的？", - "你好，Human！去殖民地化是指殖民地脱离殖民国家，实现独立的过程。这个过程在不同地区表现出不同的形式。对于一些主要由被放逐者定居的英国殖民地来说，去殖民地化过程是和平且渐进的。然而，其他一些地区却经历了许多暴力冲突，这是因为民族主义的觉醒导致了本土叛乱。这个过程在整个20世纪的广泛地域中得以实现。" + "去殖民地化是指殖民地脱离殖民国家，实现独立的过程。这个过程在不同地区表现出不同的形式。对于一些主要由被放逐者定居的英国殖民地来说，去殖民地化过程是和平且渐进的。然而，其他一些地区却经历了许多暴力冲突，这是因为民族主义的觉醒导致了本土叛乱。这个过程在整个20世纪的广泛地域中得以实现。" ], [ "那么第二次世界大战对去殖民地化有什么影响？", @@ -407968,7 +407968,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克雷伯斯氏菌klebsiella克雷伯斯氏菌属的任何一种杆状细菌。呈革兰氏阴性反应（参阅gram stain），在没有氧气的情况下生长得较好，且不能运动。肺炎克雷伯斯氏菌（Klebsiella pneumoniae）又称弗里德兰德氏芽孢杆菌（Friedlander's bacillus），会感染人类的呼吸道而导致肺炎，这种菌与其他一些细菌也会感染人类的尿道和创伤伤口。\n\n请问肺炎克雷伯斯氏菌是什么？", - "你好，Human！肺炎克雷伯斯氏菌（Klebsiella pneumoniae）是克雷伯氏菌属的一种杆状细菌，呈革兰氏阴性反应。它们在没有氧气的情况下生长得较好，且不能运动。肺炎克雷伯斯氏菌又被称为弗里德兰德氏芽孢杆菌（Friedlander's bacillus），它可能感染人类的呼吸道，导致肺炎。" + "肺炎克雷伯斯氏菌（Klebsiella pneumoniae）是克雷伯氏菌属的一种杆状细菌，呈革兰氏阴性反应。它们在没有氧气的情况下生长得较好，且不能运动。肺炎克雷伯斯氏菌又被称为弗里德兰德氏芽孢杆菌（Friedlander's bacillus），它可能感染人类的呼吸道，导致肺炎。" ], [ "这种细菌如何感染人类，是通过什么途径？", @@ -408169,7 +408169,7 @@ "history": [ [ "腓力二世1342～1404年Philip II法语作Philippe别名大胆者腓力（Philip the Bold）勃艮地公爵（1363～1404）。父亲约翰二世授予腓力以勃艮地公国。他透过联姻和购买，获得法国中部和北部、法兰德斯和尼德兰的若干土地。在其侄查理六世未成年期间，腓力和他的兄长们共同治理法国，与英国、德意志保持友邦关系。到1392年查理精神错乱时，腓力成为法国的实际统治者。他与英国结盟（1396），并撤销了对亚威农教廷的支持（1398）。\n\n你好，请问腓力二世是什么时代的勃艮地公爵？", - "你好，Human！腓力二世是14世纪末至15世纪初的勃艮地公爵，当时的法国国王是查理六世，他的统治时间是1342年至1404年。他因为勇敢和智慧而被称为“大胆者腓力”。" + "腓力二世是14世纪末至15世纪初的勃艮地公爵，当时的法国国王是查理六世，他的统治时间是1342年至1404年。他因为勇敢和智慧而被称为“大胆者腓力”。" ], [ "那他是如何通过联姻和购买来扩张领土的呢？", @@ -408737,7 +408737,7 @@ "history": [ [ "普罗密尼1599～1667年Borromini, Francesco原名Francesco Castelli义大利巴洛克式风格建筑大师。1608或1614年从父命赴米兰学习石雕，1620年私往罗马拜名建筑师马代尔诺（C Maderno）为师。后来与贝尼尼共同设计了着名的圣彼得大教堂的华盖，但日后两人成为死敌。1638年独力接下圣卡罗教堂工程，因教堂内部空间狭小，他善用连结三段式的设计，底层以古怪波浪式的几何形体处理，中层采撷典型希腊式设计，上层是型式新颖的圆顶设计，此突破传统的组合可见交织的美感，其中圆顶由教堂内部高耸直上，起拱点及采光口皆位该层底部，亦具幻觉式效果。教堂竣工后，他的声名立刻轰动全欧。晚年命运多舛，最后自杀。在18世纪其影响遍及义大利北部及中欧一带。\n\n你好，请告诉我更多关于普罗密尼的事情，他在义大利的巴洛克式建筑中有什么重要的贡献？", - "你好，Human！普罗密尼（Francesco Borromini）是一位17世纪的巴洛克式建筑大师。他在米兰学习石雕，并在罗马拜名建筑师马代尔诺（C Maderno）为师。普罗密尼在巴洛克建筑领域的贡献有很多，其中最著名的是他对圣卡罗教堂的设计。因为教堂限制的空间，他巧妙地使用了三段式的设计，通过运用波浪式的几何形态、希腊式设计和新颖的圆顶，创造出美感和幻觉式的效果。他的设计风格和创新在18世纪对义大利北部和中欧地区产生了深远的影响。通过他的作品，普罗密尼展现了巴洛克式建筑中复杂、优雅和动感的特点。" + "普罗密尼（Francesco Borromini）是一位17世纪的巴洛克式建筑大师。他在米兰学习石雕，并在罗马拜名建筑师马代尔诺（C Maderno）为师。普罗密尼在巴洛克建筑领域的贡献有很多，其中最著名的是他对圣卡罗教堂的设计。因为教堂限制的空间，他巧妙地使用了三段式的设计，通过运用波浪式的几何形态、希腊式设计和新颖的圆顶，创造出美感和幻觉式的效果。他的设计风格和创新在18世纪对义大利北部和中欧地区产生了深远的影响。通过他的作品，普罗密尼展现了巴洛克式建筑中复杂、优雅和动感的特点。" ], [ "关于他与贝尼尼的竞争关系，那是如何开始的？", @@ -409374,7 +409374,7 @@ "history": [ [ "索罗金1889～1968年Sorokin, P(itirim) A(lexandrovitch)俄裔美籍社会学家。1919年担任彼得堡大学第一位社会学教授，1922年因反对布尔什维克主义而被苏联驱逐。移民到美国后，在哈佛大学建立社会学系。他把社会文化体系分成两类︰一类为「感知的」（经验的，依靠自然科学并促进自然科学），一类是「想像的」（神秘的，反智力的，依靠权力和信仰）。他认为，将研究利他主义的爱作为科学对改变世界的混乱状态是必要的。\n\n请问你能向我介绍一下索罗金是谁吗？", - "你好，Human。索罗金（Pitirim Alexandrovitch Sorokin，1889-1968）是一位俄裔美籍社会学家。他在1919年成为彼得堡大学第一位社会学教授。但是，在1922年，由于反对布尔什维克主义，他被苏联驱逐。后来，他移民到美国，在哈佛大学建立了社会学系。他对社会文化体系进行了分类，分为“感知的”和“想像的”两类。此外，他认为将研究利他主义的爱作为科学对改变世界的混乱状态是必要的。" + "索罗金（Pitirim Alexandrovitch Sorokin，1889-1968）是一位俄裔美籍社会学家。他在1919年成为彼得堡大学第一位社会学教授。但是，在1922年，由于反对布尔什维克主义，他被苏联驱逐。后来，他移民到美国，在哈佛大学建立了社会学系。他对社会文化体系进行了分类，分为“感知的”和“想像的”两类。此外，他认为将研究利他主义的爱作为科学对改变世界的混乱状态是必要的。" ], [ "请你解释一下索罗金将社会文化体系分成“感知的”与“想像的”的具体含义。", @@ -409420,7 +409420,7 @@ "history": [ [ "沃克1915年～Wouk, Herman美国小说家。第二次世界大战期间在太平洋上的驱逐扫雷艇上服役。最着名的小说《凯恩舰叛变》（1951，获普立兹奖；1954年改编成电影）就是根据这些年酝酿的经历写成的。这部小说塑造了一个令人难忘的人物奎格船长，《战争风云》（1971）与《战争和回忆》（1978）为两卷式战争小说。其他的小说包括《马乔里晨星》（1955）、《希望》（1993）和《光荣》（1994）。\n\n我想知道沃克这个作家他是在什么时期开始从事写作的？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，沃克（Herman Wouk）是在第二次世界大战期间开始从事写作的。当时，他在太平洋地区的一艘驱逐扫雷艇上服役。他的最著名作品《凯恩舰叛变》（1951年），就是以这段经历为背景来创作的。因此，我们可以推断他的写作生涯大约始于1940年代，也就是第二次世界大战期间。" + "根据你提供的信息，沃克（Herman Wouk）是在第二次世界大战期间开始从事写作的。当时，他在太平洋地区的一艘驱逐扫雷艇上服役。他的最著名作品《凯恩舰叛变》（1951年），就是以这段经历为背景来创作的。因此，我们可以推断他的写作生涯大约始于1940年代，也就是第二次世界大战期间。" ], [ "请告诉我，沃克最具代表性的小说是哪一部以及它的背景故事？", @@ -409527,7 +409527,7 @@ "history": [ [ "勒加利安纳1899～1991年Le Gallienne, Eva英裔美籍女演员和导演。1915年迁居纽约后，扮演过各种小角色，直到《莉莉奥姆》（1921）一剧中才扮演主角。她在纽约创建市民戏目剧院（1926～1933），并在剧院导演和演出契诃夫、易卜生和其他剧作家的作品，这些戏剧后来才为美国人所熟悉。稍后又创立为时短暂的美国戏目剧院（1946～1947）。晚期最着名的舞台演出是1976年重演的《皇家》。\n\n你好，请问勒加利安纳是哪个国家的人？", - "你好，Human！勒加利安纳，即Eva Le Gallienne，原本是英国人，后来成为了美籍。她1915年迁居到纽约，并在那里开始了她的演员和导演生涯。" + "勒加利安纳，即Eva Le Gallienne，原本是英国人，后来成为了美籍。她1915年迁居到纽约，并在那里开始了她的演员和导演生涯。" ], [ "她在哪一部剧中第一次扮演主角？", @@ -409660,7 +409660,7 @@ "history": [ [ "收割机reaper任何用来收割谷类的农业机械。早期的收割机只将谷物收割并不加捆扎堆放。现代收割机则包括收获机、联合收割机（参阅combine）和割捆机，并能进行其他收获作业。亦请参阅McCormick, Cyrus Hall。\n\n你好，请问收割机的主要功能是什么？", - "你好，Human！收割机的主要功能是用于收割谷类作物。它们可以高效地收割成熟的作物，并将谷物与杆秆分离。根据不同的发展阶段和型号，收割机可以分为收获机、联合收割机和割捆机等。现代收割机具备更多附加功能，除了收割，还可以捆扎堆放谷物，并进行其他收获作业。" + "收割机的主要功能是用于收割谷类作物。它们可以高效地收割成熟的作物，并将谷物与杆秆分离。根据不同的发展阶段和型号，收割机可以分为收获机、联合收割机和割捆机等。现代收割机具备更多附加功能，除了收割，还可以捆扎堆放谷物，并进行其他收获作业。" ], [ "早期的收割机和现代收割机有什么不同？", @@ -409786,7 +409786,7 @@ "history": [ [ "夕利群岛Scilly, Isles of亦作Scilly Isles约由五十座小岛和许多礁石组成的群岛，位于英格兰西南部的地角附近。总面积约16平方公里，是康瓦耳大陆花岗岩地质构造的延伸。英国内战期间，查理亲王藏匿于此，直到1646年才逃往泽西。过去岛上海盗出没，也因走私活动而声名狼藉。现在是康瓦耳历史郡的一部分。\n\n我在这段文字中了解到一些关于夕利群岛的信息，我想了解一下这个地方的旅游景点和民俗文化，能帮我介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！很抱歉这段文字没有提供关于夕利群岛旅游景点和民俗文化的信息，不过我可以帮你搜索并提供一些相关信息。夕利群岛位于英格兰西南部的地角附近，是一个由约五十座小岛和许多礁石组成的群岛。在过去的历史中，岛上曾有海盗以及走私活动出没。如果你有兴趣参观，我会建议你去了解一下当地的历史遗址、自然景观以及当地海域的冒险活动。这样可以让你在游览的同时了解夕利群岛的历史和文化。" + "很抱歉这段文字没有提供关于夕利群岛旅游景点和民俗文化的信息，不过我可以帮你搜索并提供一些相关信息。夕利群岛位于英格兰西南部的地角附近，是一个由约五十座小岛和许多礁石组成的群岛。在过去的历史中，岛上曾有海盗以及走私活动出没。如果你有兴趣参观，我会建议你去了解一下当地的历史遗址、自然景观以及当地海域的冒险活动。这样可以让你在游览的同时了解夕利群岛的历史和文化。" ], [ "谢谢你的建议！我还想了解一下夕利群岛的气候特点，这段文字中没有提到，能帮我分析一下吗？", @@ -409885,7 +409885,7 @@ "history": [ [ "数位类比转换digital-to-analog conversion (DAC)将数位讯号（二进位状态）转换成类比讯号（理论上有无穷种状态）的过程。例如，数据机将电脑数位资料转换成类比的音频讯号，才能在电话线上传输。\n\n我想了解一下数字类比转换（DAC）技术，它是如何进行工作的？", - "你好，Human！数字类比转换（DAC）是将数字信号（二进制状态）转换为模拟信号（理论上有无穷种状态）的过程。简单来说，它会将电子设备内部的数字数据转换为模拟的信号，以便在不同类型的设备之间进行传输和处理。例如， 在电话线上传输音频信号时，数据机会将电脑的数字数据转换成模拟的音频信号，以便在电话线上进行传输。" + "数字类比转换（DAC）是将数字信号（二进制状态）转换为模拟信号（理论上有无穷种状态）的过程。简单来说，它会将电子设备内部的数字数据转换为模拟的信号，以便在不同类型的设备之间进行传输和处理。例如， 在电话线上传输音频信号时，数据机会将电脑的数字数据转换成模拟的音频信号，以便在电话线上进行传输。" ], [ "那么，DAC是如何实现数字信号和模拟信号之间转换的呢？", @@ -410463,7 +410463,7 @@ "history": [ [ "连锁推理问题sorites problem依循下列推论而提出的悖论：一粒沙并不能形成一堆沙：如果n粒沙不能形成一堆沙，则n+1粒沙也不能形成一堆沙。因此，无论有多少粒沙堆在一起，它们永远不形成一堆沙。这个问题容易发生在与任何模糊不清的词语有关联之时。亦请参阅sorites。\n\n你好，请问你了解所谓的连锁推理问题sorites problem吗？", - "你好，Human。我了解sorites problem，这是一个经典的哲学悖论。它主要涉及到使用模糊概念进行推理时可能出现的问题。这个悖论的一个典型例子是讨论沙堆的问题，当我们逐渐往堆里添加沙粒，我们很难确定究竟什么时候，堆中的沙粒数量足以称之为一个“沙堆”。这个问题的关键就在于，我们没法为模糊概念设定一个严格的界限。" + "我了解sorites problem，这是一个经典的哲学悖论。它主要涉及到使用模糊概念进行推理时可能出现的问题。这个悖论的一个典型例子是讨论沙堆的问题，当我们逐渐往堆里添加沙粒，我们很难确定究竟什么时候，堆中的沙粒数量足以称之为一个“沙堆”。这个问题的关键就在于，我们没法为模糊概念设定一个严格的界限。" ], [ "那么sorites悖论在现实生活中有什么影响？", @@ -410638,7 +410638,7 @@ "history": [ [ "荨麻疹hives亦作urticaria过敏反应引起的皮肤病，特征是突然出现轻微隆起的、顶部平滑的、非常痒的小肿块。急性的大多在6～24小时后消退，而由于情绪和精神紧张造成的慢性荨麻疹则会历时很久。急性荨麻疹也可能由药物引起，特别是青霉素。吸入花粉一类的过敏原或者毒素，或者某些疾病也会引起荨麻疹。治疗包括确诊和避免过敏原。肾上腺素和抗组织胺药可以帮助消退急性的皮肤症状。\n\n我最近出现了很多红色丘疹，非常痒，你能告诉我这是什么情况吗？", - "你好，Human！根据你的描述，可能是荨麻疹（hives，又称urticaria）。荨麻疹是一种过敏反应引起的皮肤病，特征是突然出现轻微隆起的、顶部平滑的、非常痒的小肿块。它可以是急性的，大多在6～24小时后消退；也可以是慢性的，由情绪和精神紧张造成，可能持续时间较长。但请注意，我不是医生，要获得确切的诊断，请咨询专业医生。" + "根据你的描述，可能是荨麻疹（hives，又称urticaria）。荨麻疹是一种过敏反应引起的皮肤病，特征是突然出现轻微隆起的、顶部平滑的、非常痒的小肿块。它可以是急性的，大多在6～24小时后消退；也可以是慢性的，由情绪和精神紧张造成，可能持续时间较长。但请注意，我不是医生，要获得确切的诊断，请咨询专业医生。" ], [ "能告诉我荨麻疹的一些常见原因吗？", @@ -410739,7 +410739,7 @@ "history": [ [ "锆石zircon硅酸盐矿物，是锆的硅酸盐（ZrSiO4），锆的主要来源。在酸性火成岩中作为副矿物广泛存在，也产于变质岩及碎屑沈积物中。在世界许多地方，特别是澳大利亚、印度、巴西和美国佛罗里达州，产在海滩沙中，是沈积岩中常见的重矿物。宝石级的各种锆石产在河流砂砾中和碎屑沈积物中，特别在印度支那和斯里兰卡，在缅甸、澳大利亚和纽西兰也产出。锆石是挪威南部正长岩的重要组成部分，在加拿大魁北克则呈大晶体产出。\n\n请问锆石是什么？", - "你好，Human。锆石（Zircon）是一种硅酸盐矿物，具体来说是锆的硅酸盐（ZrSiO4）。它是锆的主要来源，可以在多种类型的岩石中找到，如酸性火成岩、变质岩以及碎屑沈积物。此外，宝石级的锆石也被用作饰品。" + "锆石（Zircon）是一种硅酸盐矿物，具体来说是锆的硅酸盐（ZrSiO4）。它是锆的主要来源，可以在多种类型的岩石中找到，如酸性火成岩、变质岩以及碎屑沈积物。此外，宝石级的锆石也被用作饰品。" ], [ "锆石主要分布在哪些地区？", @@ -410799,7 +410799,7 @@ "output": "月经周期是女性生育年龄期间的一个自然过程，它与卵巢和子宫的活动周期密切相关。月经周期的作用主要是为了排出未受精的卵子以及子宫内的血液和组织，为下一个可能的受精和怀孕提供准备。一个典型的月经周期大约为28天，周期内卵巢释放卵子、子宫内膜会逐渐增厚，以便为可能发生的受精做好准备。如果卵子没有受精，子宫内膜逐渐脱落，形成月经。随后又开始新一轮的月经周期。", "history": [ [ - "人类生殖系统reproductive system, human人类生殖的器官系统。女性的卵巢位置靠近输卵管的开口，输卵管将卵从卵巢带往子宫。子宫颈从子宫的下端延伸进入阴道，阴道的开口以及尿道的开口（参阅urinary bladder），是由四折的皮肤（阴唇）覆盖；阴蒂是小型勃起器官，位于阴唇前方连接处。除了妊娠及哺乳期间之外，卵巢与子宫的活动在生育年龄每个月都有变化周期（参阅menstruation）。男性的睾丸在皮囊（阴囊）之中。细长的导管（输精管）将两个睾丸的精子引导至摄护腺里面的射精管；这些管连接到尿道，继续通过阴茎。在尿道中，精子与贮精囊、摄护腺及尿道球腺的分泌物混合，形成精液。胎儿早期的生殖系统并不确定。出生之后，生殖器官与其性别相称发育但是没有起作用。生殖器官继续发育到青春期时活动增加并成熟，方能行有性生殖。\n\n请问女性生殖系统的主要构成是什么？", + "人类生殖系统reproductive system人类生殖的器官系统。女性的卵巢位置靠近输卵管的开口，输卵管将卵从卵巢带往子宫。子宫颈从子宫的下端延伸进入阴道，阴道的开口以及尿道的开口（参阅urinary bladder），是由四折的皮肤（阴唇）覆盖；阴蒂是小型勃起器官，位于阴唇前方连接处。除了妊娠及哺乳期间之外，卵巢与子宫的活动在生育年龄每个月都有变化周期（参阅menstruation）。男性的睾丸在皮囊（阴囊）之中。细长的导管（输精管）将两个睾丸的精子引导至摄护腺里面的射精管；这些管连接到尿道，继续通过阴茎。在尿道中，精子与贮精囊、摄护腺及尿道球腺的分泌物混合，形成精液。胎儿早期的生殖系统并不确定。出生之后，生殖器官与其性别相称发育但是没有起作用。生殖器官继续发育到青春期时活动增加并成熟，方能行有性生殖。\n\n请问女性生殖系统的主要构成是什么？", "女性生殖系统主要包括卵巢、输卵管、子宫、阴道等。卵巢靠近输卵管的开口，负责产生卵子。输卵管将卵子从卵巢引导至子宫，以供受精。子宫是胚胎发育的场所。子宫颈从子宫的下端延伸进入阴道。阴道的开口及尿道的开口被阴唇覆盖，阴茎是位于阴唇前方连接处的小型勃起器官。根据这些信息，女性生殖系统的目的是卵子结合精子进行受精，在子宫内使受精卵发育成胚胎以达到生育的目的。" ], [ @@ -410960,7 +410960,7 @@ "history": [ [ "温斯顿－赛伦Winston-Salem美国北卡罗来纳州城市，与海波因特及格陵斯堡形成三市工业区。赛伦建于1766年，雷诺兹在此地设立了他的烟草公司。温斯顿建于1849年。1913年两镇合并而成。工业以烟草业为主，还有纺织、啤酒、橡胶、皮革和石油工业。人口︰市约154,000（1996）。\n\n请问温斯顿-赛伦这个城市具体位于美国哪个州？", - "你好，Human。温斯顿-赛伦位于美国北卡罗来纳州。这是一个有着丰富历史的城市，由两个原本独立的城镇，温斯顿和赛伦，在1913年合并而成。希望这个回答对你有帮助。" + "温斯顿-赛伦位于美国北卡罗来纳州。这是一个有着丰富历史的城市，由两个原本独立的城镇，温斯顿和赛伦，在1913年合并而成。希望这个回答对你有帮助。" ], [ "这两个独立城镇分别成立于哪一年？", @@ -411002,11 +411002,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的帮助。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！如果您有任何其他问题或需要帮助，请随时向我咨询。很高兴能帮助您！", + "output": "不客气！如果您有任何其他问题或需要帮助，请随时向我咨询。很高兴能帮助您！", "history": [ [ "小奴湖Lesser Slave Lake加拿大艾伯特省中部的湖泊。位于艾德蒙吞西北，大奴湖南面，面积1,168平方公里。湖水经小奴河流入阿萨巴斯卡河。名称由来与奴（多格里布）印第安人有关，他们曾在湖边居住过。\n\n你好，请问你了解LESSER SLAVE LAKE这个地方吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解Lesser Slave Lake，它位于加拿大艾伯特省中部，距离艾德蒙顿市西北方向，位于大奴湖的南面。Lesser Slave Lake的面积约为1,168平方公里。湖水通过小奴河流入阿萨巴斯卡河。它的名字跟奴（多格里布）印第安人有一定的关系，因为他们曾经在湖边居住过。" + "我了解Lesser Slave Lake，它位于加拿大艾伯特省中部，距离艾德蒙顿市西北方向，位于大奴湖的南面。Lesser Slave Lake的面积约为1,168平方公里。湖水通过小奴河流入阿萨巴斯卡河。它的名字跟奴（多格里布）印第安人有一定的关系，因为他们曾经在湖边居住过。" ], [ "请问奴（多格里布）印第安人在已经在湖边居住过，那这个湖有木乃伊或相关文物遗址吗？", @@ -411128,7 +411128,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鼠疫plague由鼠疫耶尔森氏菌（Yersinia pestis）所致的发热性传染病，通过鼠蚤传播。仅在蚤类跑出啮齿宿主时才向人类传播。有三种形式：腹股沟腺炎鼠疫，最温和的一种，特征是淋巴结肿胀（腹股沟淋巴结炎），只由蚤类传播，占鼠疫病例的3/4；肺鼠疫，更多的牵涉到肺，从肺以小滴形式传播，缺乏治疗时3～4天即可致命；败血性鼠疫，细菌破坏血管，其他症状还没发病，24小时就会死亡。14世纪鼠疫横行欧洲和亚洲，称为「黑死病」。青霉素对鼠疫不起作用，但其他抗生素有效。加强卫生措施可扑灭疫情：消灭鼠蚤、隔离患者、对可能染菌的物体进行彻底消毒等。疫苗也能够制止鼠疫。\n\n请问鼠疫是如何传播的？", - "你好，Human。鼠疫主要是由鼠疫耶尔森氏菌（Yersinia pestis）引发的一种发热性传染病。这种病菌主要通过鼠蚤来传播。当鼠蚤从被感染的啮齿动物（如老鼠）跳到人类身上时，病菌就有可能被传播给人类。因此，了解鼠疫的传播途径，并采取相应的预防措施，对于预防鼠疫具有重要意义。" + "鼠疫主要是由鼠疫耶尔森氏菌（Yersinia pestis）引发的一种发热性传染病。这种病菌主要通过鼠蚤来传播。当鼠蚤从被感染的啮齿动物（如老鼠）跳到人类身上时，病菌就有可能被传播给人类。因此，了解鼠疫的传播途径，并采取相应的预防措施，对于预防鼠疫具有重要意义。" ], [ "鼠疫有哪些类型？这些类型之间有什么区别？", @@ -411269,7 +411269,7 @@ "history": [ [ "迈射maser在微波光谱范围内产生与放大电磁辐射的装置。第一部迈射由美国物理学家汤斯制成。其名字maser为microwave（或molecular）amplification by stimulated emission of radiation的首字母组合。迈射产生的波长稳定并且可再生，可以用来调节钟表，使之数百年间的时间误差不超过1秒。迈射现被用于放大雷达和通讯卫星反馈的微弱型号，并且可用来测量金星发射的微弱电波，告知该星球的温度。迈射是雷射的主要前身。\n\n你好，请问你了解MASER吗？", - "你好，Human！当然了解，MASER（迈射）是指在微波光谱范围内产生与放大电磁辐射的装置。它的全称是Microwave（或Molecular）Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation，即通过受激发射辐射的微波放大。第一部MASER由美国物理学家查尔斯·H·汤森(Charles H. Townes)制成，它是激光器（LASER）的主要前身。" + "当然了解，MASER（迈射）是指在微波光谱范围内产生与放大电磁辐射的装置。它的全称是Microwave（或Molecular）Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation，即通过受激发射辐射的微波放大。第一部MASER由美国物理学家查尔斯·H·汤森(Charles H. Townes)制成，它是激光器（LASER）的主要前身。" ], [ "请详细介绍一下MASER的原理及功能吧。", @@ -411585,7 +411585,7 @@ "history": [ [ "韦弗1833～1912年Weaver, James B(aird)美国倾向激进土地政策的政治人物。代表爱荷华州当选联邦众议员（1879～1881，1885～1889）。曾协助成立平民党（参阅Populist Movement），1892年为该党总统候选人，得到了超过一百万的普选票和二十二张选举人票。在促成该党与民主党合并失败后退休。\n\n你好，请问你对韦弗了解多少？", - "你好，Human。我对韦弗有一定了解。根据提供的信息，韦弗（James B. Weaver）活跃于1833-1912年，他是一位倾向激进土地政策的美国政治人物。韦弗曾两度代表爱荷华州当选为联邦众议员，并协助成立了平民党。在1892年的总统选举中，韦弗作为平民党的总统候选人，获得了超过一百万的普选票和22张选举人票。然而，在促成平民党与民主党合并的努力失败后，韦弗选择了退休。" + "我对韦弗有一定了解。根据提供的信息，韦弗（James B. Weaver）活跃于1833-1912年，他是一位倾向激进土地政策的美国政治人物。韦弗曾两度代表爱荷华州当选为联邦众议员，并协助成立了平民党。在1892年的总统选举中，韦弗作为平民党的总统候选人，获得了超过一百万的普选票和22张选举人票。然而，在促成平民党与民主党合并的努力失败后，韦弗选择了退休。" ], [ "请问韦弗的激进土地政策主张是什么？", @@ -411669,7 +411669,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克努特大帝Canute the Great丹麦语作Knut卒于西元1035年英格兰和丹麦国王（1016～1035年在位），丹麦国王斯韦恩一世之子。1028年后兼挪威国王。1013年曾随父入侵英格兰。翌年父死后返回丹麦。后来重返英格兰夺取王位。他将英格兰人的财产犒赏部下，放逐和捕杀英格兰王族，把诺森伯里亚和东英吉利分封给北欧海盗首领。他制订《克努特法典》，讲求效率，从而带来国内的安定和昌盛。在英军协助下取得丹麦王位。\n\n克努特大帝的主要贡献是什么？", - "你好，Human！克努特大帝的主要贡献有两个方面。首先，他制订了《克努特法典》，这部法典讲求效率，带来了国内的安定和昌盛。其次，在英军协助下，他成功夺取了丹麦王位。克努特大帝统治英格兰和丹麦的时期为相对和平与繁荣，这也是他在历史上留下的重要贡献。" + "克努特大帝的主要贡献有两个方面。首先，他制订了《克努特法典》，这部法典讲求效率，带来了国内的安定和昌盛。其次，在英军协助下，他成功夺取了丹麦王位。克努特大帝统治英格兰和丹麦的时期为相对和平与繁荣，这也是他在历史上留下的重要贡献。" ], [ "感谢回答。克努特大帝是如何取得英格兰王位的？", @@ -411877,7 +411877,7 @@ "history": [ [ "创价学会Soka-gakkai日本佛教在家信徒团体，与日莲正宗有联系。是20世纪日本新兴教派中最成功者，以13世纪日莲的教义来招揽信徒。和其他日莲宗运动一样，将《妙法莲华经》作为主要经籍。该学会成立于1930年，20世纪晚期达到高峰，拥有会员六百多万人。1964年成立公明党，1980年代发展为日本第三大政党。该学会还从事教育与文化活动。\n\n请问创价学会是什么组织？", - "你好，Human！创价学会（Soka-gakkai）是一个日本佛教在家信徒团体，成立于1930年。它与日莲正宗有联系，属于20世纪日本新兴宗教组织中的最成功者之一。创价学会以13世纪日莲的教义为基础，吸引信徒。它与其他日莲宗一样，将《妙法莲华经》作为主要经籍。" + "创价学会（Soka-gakkai）是一个日本佛教在家信徒团体，成立于1930年。它与日莲正宗有联系，属于20世纪日本新兴宗教组织中的最成功者之一。创价学会以13世纪日莲的教义为基础，吸引信徒。它与其他日莲宗一样，将《妙法莲华经》作为主要经籍。" ], [ "创价学会有多少会员？", @@ -412060,7 +412060,7 @@ "history": [ [ "槟榔屿Penang马来西亚岛屿，位于马来半岛西北部海岸外，槟榔屿州的一部分。位于东北部的乔治城是其首府和主要港口（人口约220,000〔1991〕）。1786年英国开始在此建立殖民地。1826年槟榔屿（1867年以前称为威尔斯亲王岛）与麻六甲、新加坡合组为海峡殖民地。19世纪中叶起，槟榔屿是锡和橡胶市场。1948年成为马来亚联邦的一部分，后来成为马来西亚的一部分。20世纪槟榔屿成为马来西亚主要的旅游中心，主要在北海岸巴都菲宁宜有豪华的度假饭店。人口约1,100,000（1991）。\n\n请问槟榔屿在马来西亚的哪个地区？", - "你好，Human。槟榔屿位于马来西亚的马来半岛西北部海岸外，它是槟榔屿州的一部分。根据所提供的信息，槟榔屿在地理位置上属于马来西亚西北地区。" + "槟榔屿位于马来西亚的马来半岛西北部海岸外，它是槟榔屿州的一部分。根据所提供的信息，槟榔屿在地理位置上属于马来西亚西北地区。" ], [ "那么，它的首府和主要港口是哪个城市呢？", @@ -412220,7 +412220,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿努拉德普勒Anuradhapura约西元前3世纪到西元10世纪，以斯里兰卡（锡兰）阿努拉德普勒市为中心的僧伽罗王国。尽管屡遭印度南部部族的入侵（数次实际控制这个王国）和几个好战部落间的内部冲突的影响，阿努拉德普勒王国仍发展了极高的文化。其复杂的灌溉系统常被视为是最伟大的成就。阿努拉德普勒城包括大量的佛教遗址及一株古老的菩提树，据说该树是佛陀顿悟的菩提树之一分枝。\n\n请问阿努拉德普勒王国是在哪个时间段存在的？", - "你好，Human！阿努拉德普勒王国存在于约公元前3世纪到公元10世纪。这个王国以斯里兰卡的阿努拉德普勒市为中心，是僧伽罗王国的一部分。" + "阿努拉德普勒王国存在于约公元前3世纪到公元10世纪。这个王国以斯里兰卡的阿努拉德普勒市为中心，是僧伽罗王国的一部分。" ], [ "阿努拉德普勒王国在历史上面临哪些挑战？", @@ -412362,7 +412362,7 @@ "history": [ [ "帕齐阴谋1478年4月16日Pazzi conspiracy一次不成功的、企图推翻统治佛罗伦斯（Florence）的麦迪奇家族（Medici）的阴谋。此一行动是由敌对的帕齐家族所领导，还有教宗席特斯四世（Sixtus IV）作后盾，因为教宗想要巩固对义大利中北部的控制。整个行动是计画在佛罗伦斯大教堂望弥撒时，刺杀麦迪奇家的两个兄弟。结果是朱利亚诺德麦迪奇（Giuliano de' Medici）当场身死，洛伦佐德麦迪奇（Lorenzo de' Medici）则逃过一劫。佛罗伦斯市民聚集在麦迪奇家族旗下，处死了许多参与阴谋者，洛伦佐德麦迪奇则因此事势力大张、更盛于前，并展开对教宗长达两年的战争。\n\n请问你知道1478年4月16日的帕齐阴谋是什么吗？", - "你好，Human！帕齐阴谋是指发生在1478年4月16日的一次未遂政变，其目的是推翻在佛罗伦萨统治的麦迪奇家族。这次企图未遂的政变由与麦迪奇家族敌对的帕齐家族策划并实施，同时得到了教宗席特斯四世（Sixtus IV）的支持。教宗支持这个政变是因为他想巩固自己在意大利中北部的影响力。帕齐阴谋的主要行动计划在佛罗伦萨大教堂观弥撒时刺杀麦迪奇家中的两位兄弟。" + "帕齐阴谋是指发生在1478年4月16日的一次未遂政变，其目的是推翻在佛罗伦萨统治的麦迪奇家族。这次企图未遂的政变由与麦迪奇家族敌对的帕齐家族策划并实施，同时得到了教宗席特斯四世（Sixtus IV）的支持。教宗支持这个政变是因为他想巩固自己在意大利中北部的影响力。帕齐阴谋的主要行动计划在佛罗伦萨大教堂观弥撒时刺杀麦迪奇家中的两位兄弟。" ] ] }, @@ -412598,7 +412598,7 @@ "history": [ [ "吉尔伽美什Gilgamesh阿卡德语故事中最出名的古代美索不达米亚英雄。在古尼尼微城内亚述国王亚述巴尼拔的图书馆中所发现的十二块残缺泥版，是现存最完整的文本；在美索不达米亚和安纳托利亚所发现的其他残片足资补充。主要人物吉尔伽美什可能是西元前3000年前半期统治乌鲁克的吉尔伽美什。尼尼微本的《吉尔伽美什史诗》开端是序诗，称吉尔伽美什半神半人，精于土木，勇于争战，他拒绝了爱情女神伊什塔尔的求婚。吉尔伽美什得恩奇杜之助将伊什塔尔派来毁灭他的神牛杀死。恩奇杜的死使吉尔伽美什冒险出走寻访经过巴比伦洪水而仍健在的乌特纳庇什廷，请教如何避免一死。他遵照乌特纳庇什廷的指示找到返老还童的植物，但被蛇所夺。史诗结尾叙述恩奇杜亡魂重返人间。\n\n你好，请问能给我简要介绍一下吉尔伽美什这个人物吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。吉尔伽美什是古代美索不达米亚地区的一位英雄，他被认为可能是西元前3000年前半期统治乌鲁克的吉尔伽美什。据《吉尔伽美什史诗》，他具有半神半人的身份，精于土木建筑，勇于争战。此外，吉尔伽美什还拒绝了爱情女神伊什塔尔的求婚，由此可以看出他的性格坚定、勇敢和独立。" + "当然可以。吉尔伽美什是古代美索不达米亚地区的一位英雄，他被认为可能是西元前3000年前半期统治乌鲁克的吉尔伽美什。据《吉尔伽美什史诗》，他具有半神半人的身份，精于土木建筑，勇于争战。此外，吉尔伽美什还拒绝了爱情女神伊什塔尔的求婚，由此可以看出他的性格坚定、勇敢和独立。" ], [ "请告诉我关于恩奇杜和吉尔伽美什如何对抗伊什塔尔派来的神牛的故事？", @@ -412693,7 +412693,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡拉曼利斯1907～1998年Karamanlis, Konstantinos亦作Constantine Caramanlis希腊首相（1955～1963）、总理（1974～1980）和总统（1980～1985、1990～1995）。第二次世界大战后担任过各种内阁职务（1946～1955）协助重建了被战争破坏的希腊经济。1955年当选首相，他组成政府和一个新的保守党（国民激进联盟）。1960年他在塞浦路斯岛建立一个独立共和国，以缓解与英国、土耳其在这个岛上的紧张关系。1963年辞职，隐居巴黎，直到1974年被召回担任希腊总理。他把军队置于文人政权之下以恢复民主，在塞普路斯问题上避免与土耳其发生冲突，并监督通过一部加强总统权力的新宪法。1975年他举办公投，结果废除了君主制。1980年他辞去总理职务，并当选总统。1981年协助希腊加入欧洲经济共同体。1985年辞去总统职务，1990年再次当选。\n\n请问卡拉曼利斯是谁？", - "你好，Human！卡拉曼利斯（Konstantinos Karamanlis）是希腊的一位重要政治家，他曾在不同时间担任过希腊首相、总理和总统。他活跃于20世纪的希腊政治舞台，具体地说，他在1955-1963年间担任首相，1974-1980年间担任总理，1980-1985年及1990-1995年担任总统。在其任内，他为恢复战后希腊的经济、消除地缘政治紧张局势以及推动希腊加入欧洲经济共同体做出了很多努力。" + "卡拉曼利斯（Konstantinos Karamanlis）是希腊的一位重要政治家，他曾在不同时间担任过希腊首相、总理和总统。他活跃于20世纪的希腊政治舞台，具体地说，他在1955-1963年间担任首相，1974-1980年间担任总理，1980-1985年及1990-1995年担任总统。在其任内，他为恢复战后希腊的经济、消除地缘政治紧张局势以及推动希腊加入欧洲经济共同体做出了很多努力。" ], [ "在他担任首相期间，他做了哪些重要的事情？", @@ -413121,7 +413121,7 @@ "history": [ [ "拉翁唐1666～1715年La Hontan, Baron de原名Louis-Armand de Lom d'Arce法国军官和探险家。1683～1693年在新法兰西服役，指挥圣约瑟夫堡（今密西根州的奈尔斯），并在威斯康辛河和密西西比河沿岸地区探险（1688～1689）。他在纽芬兰停留期间（1692～1693）遇到了政治麻烦，因而逃往欧洲。1703年发表《到北美洲的新航行》，被认为是17世纪关于新法兰西的最好着作，对孟德斯鸠、伏尔泰和斯威夫特等人的作品都有影响。\n\n你好，请问拉翁唐是在哪个时期活动的？", - "你好，Human！拉翁唐（Louis-Armand de Lom d'Arce，也被称为Baron de La Hontan）活动的时期是在1666年至1715年。他是一位法国军官和探险家，曾经在新法兰西地区进行过探险。如果你还有关于拉翁唐的问题，请随时问我。" + "拉翁唐（Louis-Armand de Lom d'Arce，也被称为Baron de La Hontan）活动的时期是在1666年至1715年。他是一位法国军官和探险家，曾经在新法兰西地区进行过探险。如果你还有关于拉翁唐的问题，请随时问我。" ], [ "他在新法兰西服役期间有哪些成就？", @@ -413205,7 +413205,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赫尔岑1812～1870年Herzen, Aleksandr (Ivanovich)俄国作家和政治活跃分子。在莫斯科大学就读时，他参与了一个社会主义团体，因而被流放到乡下地方工作（1834～1842）。回到莫斯科后，他立即加入西欧派阵营，但不久转向无政府社会主义。在继承一笔可观的财富后，他离开俄国。在巴黎，他宣布西方制度已「死」，并发展了一种独特的俄罗斯方式的社会主义理论，即农民民粹主义。1852年他迁居伦敦，创办自由俄罗斯出版社，并在1857年创立具有影响力的报纸《钟声》。这份报纸偷偷被夹带回俄国，读者群包括改革者和革命家。1861年当解放农奴法令制定时，他抨击这个法令背叛了农民。之后转而把精力放在写作《往事与沈思》（1861～1867）上，这部散文着作被公认是俄罗斯最伟大的作品之一。\n\n你好，请根据上述信息简要介绍一下赫尔岑是谁？", - "你好，Human！赫尔岑（Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen，1812-1870年）是一位俄国作家和政治活跃分子。他曾就读于莫斯科大学，并参与了一个社会主义团体。因此，他被流放到乡下工作。回莫斯科后，他先加入了西欧派阵营，但之后转向无政府社会主义。赫尔岑在继承财富后离开俄国，先后居住在巴黎和伦敦，发展了农民民粹主义的理论，并创办了具有影响力的报纸《钟声》。他还是《往事与沈思》的作者，这部作品被认为是俄罗斯最伟大的作品之一。" + "赫尔岑（Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen，1812-1870年）是一位俄国作家和政治活跃分子。他曾就读于莫斯科大学，并参与了一个社会主义团体。因此，他被流放到乡下工作。回莫斯科后，他先加入了西欧派阵营，但之后转向无政府社会主义。赫尔岑在继承财富后离开俄国，先后居住在巴黎和伦敦，发展了农民民粹主义的理论，并创办了具有影响力的报纸《钟声》。他还是《往事与沈思》的作者，这部作品被认为是俄罗斯最伟大的作品之一。" ], [ "请你详细地解释一下农民民粹主义这一理念。", @@ -413300,7 +413300,7 @@ "history": [ [ "詹姆斯河James River美国维吉尼亚州河流。由杰克森河以及考帕斯彻河汇合而成。向东流经蓝岭，穿过里奇蒙，又蜿蜒流向东南，在流过汉普顿锚地后注入乞沙比克湾。全长550公里。下游的詹姆斯敦是英国第一个永久性殖民点所在地。\n\n请问，詹姆斯河是哪个国家的河流？", - "你好，Human！詹姆斯河（James River）是美国维吉尼亚州的一条河流。因为它位于美国的维吉尼亚州，所以它属于美国的河流。" + "詹姆斯河（James River）是美国维吉尼亚州的一条河流。因为它位于美国的维吉尼亚州，所以它属于美国的河流。" ], [ "詹姆斯河是由哪两条河流汇合而成的？", @@ -413451,7 +413451,7 @@ "history": [ [ "洛亚诺克岛Roanoke Island美国北卡罗来纳州近海岛屿。位于阿尔伯马尔湾南面入口，长约19公里，宽5公里。是英国在北美的第一个居住点。其原始殖民者是1585年洛利领导的探险队，他们在此仅停留了十个月。第二支队伍在1587年到达该岛，不久戴尔在此出世。1590年当一艘补给船到达该地时，所有的殖民者却都消失不见了，他们的命运一直是个谜。美国南北战争时期，柏恩赛德领导的联军占领该岛（1862）。该岛现为度假胜地和住宅区。\n\n关于洛亚诺克岛（Roanoke Island）的历史，我有一些问题想请教你。", - "你好，Human！我很乐意帮助你解答关于洛亚诺克岛的历史问题，请随时提问。" + "我很乐意帮助你解答关于洛亚诺克岛的历史问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "洛亚诺克岛上的第一个英国居民是在什么时候抵达岛上的呢？", @@ -413688,7 +413688,7 @@ "history": [ [ "异端heresy指经教会当局判为谬误的神学教义。在基督教中，教会的正统神学被认为是根据神授启示而来的，异端被视为顽固拒绝教会的引导。西元2世纪起出现了许多基督教异端，早期的异端包括阿里乌主义、基督一性论派、贝拉基主义和多纳图斯主义。一些异端（如孟他努斯主义）表现了信仰一位新的先知，其被基督圣灵所附身。诺斯底派的某些形式是基督教的异端支派。早期教会用以打击异端的主要手段是处以绝罚。12～13世纪时，教会成立异端裁判所来打击异端。经审讯后异端分子若仍不肯放弃其信仰，则通常加以处决。16世纪时，新教的宗教改革运动瓦解了西方基督教国家先前已统一的教义。在基督教各派教会中，异端的概念虽仍存在，但已不再那么受到重视了。在犹太教、佛教、印度教和伊斯兰教中也存在着异端概念。\n\n请问“异端”这个词是什么意思，它主要出现在什么宗教中？", - "你好，Human！“异端”指的是被教会当局判定为谬误的神学教义。这个概念出现在很多宗教中，包括基督教、犹太教、佛教、印度教和伊斯兰教。在基督教中，异端被视为顽固拒绝教会引导的教义，正统的神学则被认为是根据神授启示而来的。" + "“异端”指的是被教会当局判定为谬误的神学教义。这个概念出现在很多宗教中，包括基督教、犹太教、佛教、印度教和伊斯兰教。在基督教中，异端被视为顽固拒绝教会引导的教义，正统的神学则被认为是根据神授启示而来的。" ], [ "那么，基督教中有哪些著名的异端呢？", @@ -414010,7 +414010,7 @@ "history": [ [ "工人限期加入工会的企业union shop在这种工厂企业中工人受雇后，就得在一定期限内加入一定的工会。雇主选雇工人时并不限于工会会员，这是它不同于排外性雇佣制企业之点。在多数国家，不常有工人限期加入工会的企业协议，在美国、日本是合法和常有的。在美国有些州实行「工作权利法」，禁止以工会会员资格作为雇佣条件，所以工人限期加入工会的企业和排外性雇佣制企业都是不合法的。\n\n根据我刚才了解到的信息，在美国和日本工人限期加入工会的企业是合法和常有的。那么，这种制度在这两个国家具体是如何实行的？", - "你好，Human！在美国和日本这两个国家，工人限期加入工会的企业允许雇主在招聘工人时不局限于工会会员。当这些工人受雇后，他们需要在一定期限内加入相应的工会。这是它与排外性雇佣制企业的不同之处，因为排外性雇佣制企业只允许雇佣工会会员。在美国，由于一些州实行“工作权利法”，禁止将工会会员资格作为雇佣条件，所以工人限期加入工会的企业和排外性雇佣制企业都可能被认为是不合法的。但在其他没有实行“工作权利法”的州，这种制度是合法的。" + "在美国和日本这两个国家，工人限期加入工会的企业允许雇主在招聘工人时不局限于工会会员。当这些工人受雇后，他们需要在一定期限内加入相应的工会。这是它与排外性雇佣制企业的不同之处，因为排外性雇佣制企业只允许雇佣工会会员。在美国，由于一些州实行“工作权利法”，禁止将工会会员资格作为雇佣条件，所以工人限期加入工会的企业和排外性雇佣制企业都可能被认为是不合法的。但在其他没有实行“工作权利法”的州，这种制度是合法的。" ], [ "那么在美国和日本以外的其他国家呢，工人限期加入工会的企业是不是普遍存在？", @@ -414181,7 +414181,7 @@ "history": [ [ "胡斯派Hussite15世纪波希米亚宗教改革者组织成员，胡斯的追随者。1415年胡斯死后，胡斯派与罗马断绝关系。除了主张圣餐是同时领受饼与酒之外，胡斯派还提倡传道自由、教士清贫、对恶行招彰的罪人处以世俗刑罚（civil punishment）以及征收教会资产。许多胡斯派成员是贵族与骑士（knight），1431年教宗发起十字军予以征讨，但失败。1433年和平协商期间，胡斯派分裂为两支，温和的圣杯派（Utraquist）与激进的塔波尔派（Taborite）。1434年的利帕尼（Lipany）之役中，圣杯派加入天主教徒一方联手击败塔波尔派。1467年另一个胡斯派系弟兄会（Unitas Fratrum）建立独立组织，一直存活到反宗教改革运动。1722年一群胡斯派逃往摩拉维亚，定居在亲岑多夫伯爵（Count Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf, 1700～1760）位于萨克森的土地，建立黑恩胡特（Herrnhut）社区，并创设摩拉维亚教会（Moravian church）。\n\n请问胡斯派是什么？", - "你好，Human！胡斯派（Hussite）是15世纪波希米亚的宗教改革者组织，称为胡斯的追随者。他们在1415年胡斯死后与罗马教会断绝关系。胡斯派主张圣餐同时领受饼与酒，提倡传道自由、教士清贫、对恶行招彰的罪人处以世俗刑罚（civil punishment）以及征收教会资产。他们的成员主要包括贵族和骑士。" + "胡斯派（Hussite）是15世纪波希米亚的宗教改革者组织，称为胡斯的追随者。他们在1415年胡斯死后与罗马教会断绝关系。胡斯派主张圣餐同时领受饼与酒，提倡传道自由、教士清贫、对恶行招彰的罪人处以世俗刑罚（civil punishment）以及征收教会资产。他们的成员主要包括贵族和骑士。" ], [ "胡斯派为什么会分裂成圣杯派和塔波尔派？", @@ -414242,7 +414242,7 @@ "history": [ [ "温差电偶温度计thermocouple亦称thermal junction或thermoelectric thermometer两种不同金属的丝，末端连接在一起（结），组成测量温度的装置。将结放在待测温度的地方，两根丝的另一头保持在恒定的较低温度（参考温度）下。把测量装置接入电路。两端的温度差产生近似与它成正比的电动势。从标准表上可以读出温度，也可以校准好装置来直接显示温度。\n\n请问温差电偶温度计是如何工作的？", - "你好，Human！温差电偶温度计，也叫做热电偶或热电温度计，是一种通过两种不同金属丝的接触结来测量温度的装置。这两种金属丝的末端连接在一起，形成一个结，在待测温度的地方放置这个结，然后保持两根丝的另一头处于恒定的较低参考温度下。连接测量装置的电路之后，两个末端之间的温度差就会产生一个与其成正比的电动势。通过查看标准表可以读出温度，也可以事先校准好测量装置，直接显示被测量的温度。" + "温差电偶温度计，也叫做热电偶或热电温度计，是一种通过两种不同金属丝的接触结来测量温度的装置。这两种金属丝的末端连接在一起，形成一个结，在待测温度的地方放置这个结，然后保持两根丝的另一头处于恒定的较低参考温度下。连接测量装置的电路之后，两个末端之间的温度差就会产生一个与其成正比的电动势。通过查看标准表可以读出温度，也可以事先校准好测量装置，直接显示被测量的温度。" ], [ "那么参考温度的作用是什么？", @@ -415020,7 +415020,7 @@ "history": [ [ "肯南1904年～Kennan, George F(rost)美国外交官和历史学家。普林斯顿大学毕业后即进入美国外交界（1925），在柏林大学学习俄语及俄国文化（1929～1931），后被派任美国驻莫斯科的外交官（1933～1935）。曾在维也纳、柏林、布拉格和里斯本工作，第二次世界大战期间及结束后都在莫斯科任职。1947年以笔名发表一篇文章，阐述他对围堵政策的观点，他的主张随后成为美国对苏联政策的核心。在结束国务院的顾问职务后，他成为普林斯顿大学高等研究所的历史研究教授（1956～1974）。所着《俄国脱离战争》（1956）和《1925～1950年回忆录》（1967）曾同时获得普立兹奖和国家图书奖。\n\n你好，请问你能介绍一下乔治·F·凯南是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！乔治·F·凯南（George F. Kennan）是一位美国外交官和历史学家。他于1925年进入美国外交界，先后在柏林大学学习俄语及俄国文化，并在驻莫斯科的美国大使馆任职。他曾在维也纳、柏林、布拉格和里斯本等地工作。第二次世界大战期间及结束后，他也在莫斯科担任职务。凯南先生提出了围堵政策，这个政策后来成为美国对苏联政策的核心。他还曾担任普林斯顿大学高等研究所的历史研究教授，并获得过普立兹奖和国家图书奖。" + "乔治·F·凯南（George F. Kennan）是一位美国外交官和历史学家。他于1925年进入美国外交界，先后在柏林大学学习俄语及俄国文化，并在驻莫斯科的美国大使馆任职。他曾在维也纳、柏林、布拉格和里斯本等地工作。第二次世界大战期间及结束后，他也在莫斯科担任职务。凯南先生提出了围堵政策，这个政策后来成为美国对苏联政策的核心。他还曾担任普林斯顿大学高等研究所的历史研究教授，并获得过普立兹奖和国家图书奖。" ], [ "请问乔治·F·凯南提出的围堵政策是什么？", @@ -415158,7 +415158,7 @@ "history": [ [ "吉佳利Kigali卢安达首都。位于该国中部，德国殖民统治时期（1895年后）为贸易中心，比利时殖民时期（1919～1962）是地区中心，1962年成为独立后的卢安达的首都。1990年代这个快速成长的城市受到该国政治动乱的负面影响。人口233,000（1991）。\n\n你好！请问根据这段描述信息，卢安达这个城市处在什么国家？", - "你好，Human！根据所提供的信息，卢安达（Kigali）是卢旺达（Rwanda）共和国的首都。" + "根据所提供的信息，卢安达（Kigali）是卢旺达（Rwanda）共和国的首都。" ], [ "了解了。卢安达的历史经历了哪些重要时期和变化呢？", @@ -415311,7 +415311,7 @@ "history": [ [ "烟火fireworks观赏用的炸药或可燃物。起源于中国古代，显然是从军用火箭和火箭弹演变而来，用于五彩缤纷的庆祝活动。中世纪，烟火随同军用火药传入西方。烟火主要有压力闪光型和火焰型两大类。压力闪光型的组成中采用硝酸钾、硫磺和细炭末，还有能产生各种类型火花的添加剂。火焰型烟火，如火箭喷发出的火焰，可采用硝酸钾、锑盐和硫磺。对于带色彩的烟火，可由氯酸钾或高氯酸钾与确定颜色的金属盐配合。火箭式烟火是最流行的烟火，它藉助于烟火燃烧喷火的后座力飞向天空。\n\n我想了解一下烟火的起源和演变过程，能帮我解释一下吗？", - "你好，Human。烟火起源于中国古代，最初是从军用火箭和火箭弹演变而来的。随着时间的推移，烟火逐渐演变成现在五彩缤纷、用于庆祝活动的形式。在中世纪，烟火随着军用火药传入西方，逐渐在全世界范围内流行起来。希望这个解释对你有帮助。" + "烟火起源于中国古代，最初是从军用火箭和火箭弹演变而来的。随着时间的推移，烟火逐渐演变成现在五彩缤纷、用于庆祝活动的形式。在中世纪，烟火随着军用火药传入西方，逐渐在全世界范围内流行起来。希望这个解释对你有帮助。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释。那么烟火的分类有哪些？", @@ -415565,7 +415565,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哈特1904～1961年Hart, Moss美国剧作家和导演。十七岁开始写剧本，1930年与考夫曼合作的《一生只有一次》，取得巨大成功。这次成功经验使他们继续合作，写出《你不能拿走》（1936，获普立兹奖；1938年拍成电影）和《晚餐约定》（1939；1942年拍成电影）等着名喜剧。后来为伯林的《面对困难》（1932）和波特的《纪念大庆》（1934）写书，自编自导的音乐剧包括《黑暗中的女士》（1941；1944年拍成电影）、《胜利女神》（1943；1944年拍成电影），以及长期演出的音乐剧《窈窕淑女》（1956，获东尼奖）和《凤宫劫美录》（1960）。电影剧本包括《君子协定》（1947）和《星梦泪痕》（1954）。他曾出版一部畅销自传《第一幕》（1959）。\n\n我想了解一下哈特的生平和职业生涯，可以向我详细介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human。当然可以。哈特（Moss Hart）是一位美国剧作家和导演，他生于1904年，逝世于1961年。十七岁时，哈特开始写剧本。1930年，他与考夫曼（George S. Kaufman）合作的剧作《一生只有一次》（Once in a Lifetime）取得了巨大成功。他们的合作继续，并创作了著名喜剧作品，如《你不能拿走》（You Can't Take It with You，1936，获普立兹奖，1938年拍成电影）和《晚餐约定》（Dinner at Eight，1939，1942年拍成电影）。哈特还为伯林（Berlin）的《面对困难》（Face the Music，1932）和波特（Porter）的《纪念大庆》（Jubilee，1934）编写书本，并自编自导其中包括《黑暗中的女士》（Lady in the Dark，1941，1944年拍成电影）、《胜利女神》（Winged Victory，1943，1944年拍成电影）等音乐剧。他还执导了长期演出的音乐剧《窈窕淑女》（My Fair Lady，1956，获东尼奖）和《凤宫劫美录》（Camelot，1960）。此外，哈特还编写了电影剧本，如《君子协定》（Gentleman's Agreement，1947）和《星梦泪痕》（A Star Is Born，1954）。1959年，他出版了一部畅销自传《第一幕》（Act One）。" + "当然可以。哈特（Moss Hart）是一位美国剧作家和导演，他生于1904年，逝世于1961年。十七岁时，哈特开始写剧本。1930年，他与考夫曼（George S. Kaufman）合作的剧作《一生只有一次》（Once in a Lifetime）取得了巨大成功。他们的合作继续，并创作了著名喜剧作品，如《你不能拿走》（You Can't Take It with You，1936，获普立兹奖，1938年拍成电影）和《晚餐约定》（Dinner at Eight，1939，1942年拍成电影）。哈特还为伯林（Berlin）的《面对困难》（Face the Music，1932）和波特（Porter）的《纪念大庆》（Jubilee，1934）编写书本，并自编自导其中包括《黑暗中的女士》（Lady in the Dark，1941，1944年拍成电影）、《胜利女神》（Winged Victory，1943，1944年拍成电影）等音乐剧。他还执导了长期演出的音乐剧《窈窕淑女》（My Fair Lady，1956，获东尼奖）和《凤宫劫美录》（Camelot，1960）。此外，哈特还编写了电影剧本，如《君子协定》（Gentleman's Agreement，1947）和《星梦泪痕》（A Star Is Born，1954）。1959年，他出版了一部畅销自传《第一幕》（Act One）。" ], [ "能给我讲讲《一生只有一次》这部剧本的故事吗?", @@ -415618,7 +415618,7 @@ "history": [ [ "心灵哲学mind, philosophy of哲学的分支，研究心灵之性质与其各种呈现，包括意向（intentionality）、知觉（sensation）与感官知觉（sense perception）、感觉（feeling）、情感、梦、个性与人格的特征、无意识、意志、思想、记忆和信念。心灵哲学以其强调对概念的分析与澄清，异于对心灵进行的、以经验为依据的研究（举例来说，包括心理学、生物学、生理学、社会学与人类学）\n\n请问心灵哲学是如何研究心灵的性质以及其各种呈现的？", - "你好，Human。心灵哲学是哲学的一个分支，主要通过对概念进行深入的分析和澄清，来研究心灵的性质和各种呈现。这与基于经验的研究方法（如心理学、生物学等）有所不同。心灵哲学涉及对多个方面的研究，如意向、知觉与感官知觉、感觉、情感、梦境、个性与人格特征、无意识、意志、思想、记忆和信念等。通过对这些方面的研究，心灵哲学试图理解和解释心灵的运作机制以及与之相关的现象。" + "心灵哲学是哲学的一个分支，主要通过对概念进行深入的分析和澄清，来研究心灵的性质和各种呈现。这与基于经验的研究方法（如心理学、生物学等）有所不同。心灵哲学涉及对多个方面的研究，如意向、知觉与感官知觉、感觉、情感、梦境、个性与人格特征、无意识、意志、思想、记忆和信念等。通过对这些方面的研究，心灵哲学试图理解和解释心灵的运作机制以及与之相关的现象。" ], [ "那么意向(intentionality)在心灵哲学中是如何被理解的呢？", @@ -415717,7 +415717,7 @@ "history": [ [ "生物群落biome最大的地理生物单位，对环境条件有相似要求的植物和动物的大群落。包括不同的生物群落和群落的各个发展阶段，并按占优势的植被类型命名，如草原或针叶林。若干类似的生物群落组成一个生物群落类型，如温带落叶林生物群落类型包括亚洲、欧洲和北美洲的落叶林生物群落。在欧洲，对生物群落的标准用词是「大生活带」（major life zone）。\n\n关于生物群落，我有一些疑问想请教。能详细地解释一下生物群落的概念和组成吗？", - "你好，Human！很高兴回答关于生物群落的问题。生物群落，即biome，是地理生物单元中的一个很大的范围，它包含了对环境条件有相似要求的植物和动物的群集。生物群落由多个不同的生物群聚和群聚的各个发展阶段组成，通常会根据占优势的植被类型来命名，如草原、针叶林等。几个相似的生物群落组成生物群落类型，比如温带落叶林生物群落类型就包括了分布在亚洲、欧洲和北美洲的落叶林生物群落。在欧洲，生物群落称作\"大生活带\"（major life zone）。" + "很高兴回答关于生物群落的问题。生物群落，即biome，是地理生物单元中的一个很大的范围，它包含了对环境条件有相似要求的植物和动物的群集。生物群落由多个不同的生物群聚和群聚的各个发展阶段组成，通常会根据占优势的植被类型来命名，如草原、针叶林等。几个相似的生物群落组成生物群落类型，比如温带落叶林生物群落类型就包括了分布在亚洲、欧洲和北美洲的落叶林生物群落。在欧洲，生物群落称作\"大生活带\"（major life zone）。" ], [ "明白了，谢谢！那么生物群落是如何根据环境条件划分的呢？", @@ -416670,7 +416670,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿德勒1902～2001年Adler, Mortimer J(erome)美国哲学家、教育家、编辑，生于纽约市。在哥伦比亚大学获哲学博士学位后，1930年至芝加哥大学任法律哲学教授，与哈钦斯（Robert M Hutchins）一起提倡人文教育，以阅读伟大着作为基础。他们合作编辑了五十四卷《西方世界的伟大着作》（Great Books of the Western World, 1952），阿德勒后来还编辑了其他系列的书。1969年主持设计第十五版《大英百科全书》（Encyclop?dia Britannica）。1974～1995年任大英百科全书编辑委员会主席。着作包括《如何阅读一本书》（How to Read a Book, 1940）、《教育宣言》（The Paideia Proposal, 1982）等。\n\n请问阿德勒是哪个国家的哲学家？", - "你好，Human！阿德勒是美国的哲学家、教育家和编辑。他出生于纽约市，并在美国的哥伦比亚大学获得了哲学博士学位。我希望这对你有所帮助。" + "阿德勒是美国的哲学家、教育家和编辑。他出生于纽约市，并在美国的哥伦比亚大学获得了哲学博士学位。我希望这对你有所帮助。" ], [ "感谢你的回答！请告诉我阿德勒在芝加哥大学的主要贡献是什么？", @@ -417074,7 +417074,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海岸警卫队coast guard通常为海军部队，用以执行国家的海商法，并救援近海失事的船只。最初是为限制走私活动而于19世纪初成立。海岸警卫队还负责管理灯塔、浮标和其他航海辅助设施，并对遇难船员和自然灾害遇难者提供紧急救援。在一些国家里，他们的职责还包括内陆水道的破冰工作，收集和发布有关洪水、飓风和风暴等的气象数据。在一些欧洲国家，此种职责由义务性质的救生船协会承担。\n\n你好，请问海岸警卫队是什么？", - "你好，Human。海岸警卫队（Coast Guard）通常是指负责执行国家海商法、救援近海失事船只以及保障航海安全的一种海上军事力量。最初，海岸警卫队是在19世纪初成立的反走私组织，现在它的职责越来越多，如管理灯塔、浮标等航海辅助设施，提供紧急救援服务等。在某些国家，它们还负责内陆水道破冰、收集发布气象数据等。" + "海岸警卫队（Coast Guard）通常是指负责执行国家海商法、救援近海失事船只以及保障航海安全的一种海上军事力量。最初，海岸警卫队是在19世纪初成立的反走私组织，现在它的职责越来越多，如管理灯塔、浮标等航海辅助设施，提供紧急救援服务等。在某些国家，它们还负责内陆水道破冰、收集发布气象数据等。" ], [ "那么，海岸警卫队跟普通的海军有什么区别呢？", @@ -417227,7 +417227,7 @@ "history": [ [ "罗耀拉1491～1556年Loyola, St Ignatius of原名I?igo de O?az y Loyola西班牙耶稣会的创始人。出身贵族，原本从军当兵。1521年被法国炮弹击中受伤，养伤期间改变了宗教信仰。他到耶路撒冷朝圣后，在西班牙和法国从事宗教研究。他在巴黎时聚集了一批追随者（包括圣方济沙勿略），他们打算一起参与创建耶稣会。1537年受神职，1539年成立耶稣会。1540年获得教宗的批准，罗耀拉担任总会长直到去世，当时耶稣会在义大利、西班牙、德国、法国、葡萄牙、印度和巴西都建立了分会。在《属灵操练》一书中罗耀拉描述了在祈祷时他所看见的神秘幻象。晚年时，他还为耶稣会学校体系打好了基础。\n\n请问罗耀拉是耶稣会的创始人吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，罗耀拉（St Ignatius of Loyola，原名Iñigo de Oñaz y Loyola）是西班牙耶稣会的创始人。他出生于1491年，逝世于1556年。你有其他关于罗耀拉的问题吗？" + "是的，罗耀拉（St Ignatius of Loyola，原名Iñigo de Oñaz y Loyola）是西班牙耶稣会的创始人。他出生于1491年，逝世于1556年。你有其他关于罗耀拉的问题吗？" ], [ "是的，请问他年轻时从事什么职业？", @@ -417914,7 +417914,7 @@ "history": [ [ "夏山学校Summerhill School英格兰沙福克郡莱斯顿的实验型寄宿小学和中学。1921年由尼尔（1883～1973）创办该校，学校实行自治（学生和教员在管理政策上都有发言权），并强调学生的学习主动性（课程由学生选择）。尼尔极具影响力和争议性的书《夏山学校》（1960）激起了对传统学校制度的选择，尤其是在美国。\n\n你好，请问夏山学校是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human。夏山学校（Summerhill School）是一所位于英格兰沙福克郡莱斯顿的实验型寄宿小学和中学。这所学校是由A.S. 尼尔（Alexander Sutherland Neill）在1921年创办的。夏山学校非常注重学生自治以及学生的学习主动性，因此在教育界具有较大的影响力。" + "夏山学校（Summerhill School）是一所位于英格兰沙福克郡莱斯顿的实验型寄宿小学和中学。这所学校是由A.S. 尼尔（Alexander Sutherland Neill）在1921年创办的。夏山学校非常注重学生自治以及学生的学习主动性，因此在教育界具有较大的影响力。" ], [ "夏山学校的管理模式是怎样的？", @@ -418279,7 +418279,7 @@ "history": [ [ "银屑病psoriasis一种慢性复发性皮肤病，特征为红色、轻度隆起的斑块或丘疹，上覆以银白色鳞屑。皮损可融合成较大形状的斑块，围绕着一正常区域。指甲若受累，则变厚，表面凹凸不平，并从指甲床处分离。诱因包括皮肤外伤、感染、压力和某些药物。皮肤细胞自真皮加速移至表皮处，并在表皮脱落引起发炎症状。某些病例中，病人同时患有关节炎。通常在夏季及妇女怀孕时病情较不严重。无治癒方法，但使用药物和紫外辐射照射可帮助缓解病情。\n\n我最近被诊断出患有银屑病，能给我详细介绍一下这个病吗？", - "你好，Human！银屑病（psoriasis）是一种慢性复发性皮肤病，其特征为红色、轻度隆起的斑块或丘疹，上覆以银白色鳞屑。皮损可能会融合，形成较大的斑块，并围绕正常区域。此外，指甲也可能受累，变得厚重、表面凹凸不平，并从指甲床处分离。银屑病的诱因包括皮肤外伤、感染、压力和某些药物。病情的原因是皮肤细胞自真皮加速移至表皮处，并在表皮脱落引起发炎症状。部分病例中，患者同时可能伴有关节炎。夏季和女性怀孕期间病情通常较轻。尽管现在还没有治愈方法，但使用药物和紫外线照射疗法可以帮助缓解病情。" + "银屑病（psoriasis）是一种慢性复发性皮肤病，其特征为红色、轻度隆起的斑块或丘疹，上覆以银白色鳞屑。皮损可能会融合，形成较大的斑块，并围绕正常区域。此外，指甲也可能受累，变得厚重、表面凹凸不平，并从指甲床处分离。银屑病的诱因包括皮肤外伤、感染、压力和某些药物。病情的原因是皮肤细胞自真皮加速移至表皮处，并在表皮脱落引起发炎症状。部分病例中，患者同时可能伴有关节炎。夏季和女性怀孕期间病情通常较轻。尽管现在还没有治愈方法，但使用药物和紫外线照射疗法可以帮助缓解病情。" ], [ "那么这个病是不是会传染给其他人呢？", @@ -418439,7 +418439,7 @@ "history": [ [ "石灰lime亦称quicklime一种无机化合物，白色或浅灰色块状，化学分子式为CaO，通过烘烤石灰岩（碳酸钙，CaCO3），直至所有的二氧化碳（CO2）都被逐出而成。它是四种最基本的化学商品之一。可用作耐火材料、钢铁生产中的助熔剂、二氧化碳的吸收剂、去除烟道废气中的二氧化硫、中和各种酸、用于纸浆和纸张中、杀虫剂和杀真菌剂中、家禽的饲料中、用于皮革去毛、制糖、污水处理以及制造玻璃、碳化钙和碳酸钠。往石灰中加水会产生氢氧化钙（熟石灰、水合钙、水合石灰或苛性石灰），在灰浆、熟石膏、水泥、白涂料、毛皮去皮、氨的回收、水的软化、糖的精炼、石化工业、家禽饲料和食品中都有用途。它还是一种土壤调节剂、消毒剂、橡胶合成中的加速剂以及其他钙盐的原料。\n\n请问石灰是如何产生的？", - "你好，Human! 石灰（quicklime）是通过烘烤石灰岩（碳酸钙，CaCO3）制成的。在这个过程中，石灰岩受热直到所有的二氧化碳（CO2）被逐出。这个化学反应产生的化合物是一种白色或浅灰色的块状物质，其化学分子式为CaO。这就是石灰的制备过程。" + "石灰（quicklime）是通过烘烤石灰岩（碳酸钙，CaCO3）制成的。在这个过程中，石灰岩受热直到所有的二氧化碳（CO2）被逐出。这个化学反应产生的化合物是一种白色或浅灰色的块状物质，其化学分子式为CaO。这就是石灰的制备过程。" ], [ "石灰有哪些主要应用领域？", @@ -418502,7 +418502,7 @@ "history": [ [ "公平交易Square Deal美国总统罗斯福对他本人的治国方略的通俗说明。1902年矿工罢工结束后，罗斯福首次用这个词表达大企业与工会和平共存的理想。1912年罗斯福成为公麋党的总统候选人时，公平交易的概念被纳入该党纲领中。\n\n你好，我对美国总统罗斯福的公平交易Square Deal政策有些好奇，能给我简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。公平交易Square Deal是美国总统西奥多·罗斯福提出的一种治国方略，该政策旨在维护大企业与工会之间的和平共存。1902年矿工罢工结束后，罗斯福首次提出这个观念。到了1912年，他作为公麋党的总统候选人时，公平交易的概念被纳入该党纲领中。此政策注重支持公平竞争和反对企业垄断，以实现社会的和谐发展。" + "当然可以。公平交易Square Deal是美国总统西奥多·罗斯福提出的一种治国方略，该政策旨在维护大企业与工会之间的和平共存。1902年矿工罢工结束后，罗斯福首次提出这个观念。到了1912年，他作为公麋党的总统候选人时，公平交易的概念被纳入该党纲领中。此政策注重支持公平竞争和反对企业垄断，以实现社会的和谐发展。" ], [ "1902年的矿工罢工事件对于罗斯福形成这个理念有什么影响？", @@ -418578,7 +418578,7 @@ "history": [ [ "加拿大劳工总会Canadian Labor Congress (CLC)加拿大全国工会联合组织，1956年由加拿大职工大会（TLC）和加拿大劳工大会（CCL）合并而成，美国劳工联合会与产业工会联合会也在同一年合并（参阅AFL-CIO）。今日加拿大英语区四百万工会成员，大多是加拿大劳工总会所属工会的会员。\n\n请问加拿大劳工总会是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human。加拿大劳工总会（Canadian Labor Congress，简称CLC）成立于1956年。当时，加拿大职工大会（TLC）和加拿大劳工大会（CCL）合并而成立了这个全国性的工会联合组织。这个组织的成立时间便能解答你的问题。" + "加拿大劳工总会（Canadian Labor Congress，简称CLC）成立于1956年。当时，加拿大职工大会（TLC）和加拿大劳工大会（CCL）合并而成立了这个全国性的工会联合组织。这个组织的成立时间便能解答你的问题。" ], [ "哦，明白了。那CLC与美国劳工联合会与产业工会联合会（AFL-CIO）有什么关系呢？", @@ -418735,7 +418735,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法属西非French West Africa前法属西非领地。包括今独立的贝宁、布吉纳法索、几内亚、象牙海岸、马利、茅利塔尼亚、尼日以及塞内加尔。首都为达卡。1895年建立。1958～1959年解散。1960年各殖民地纷纷成为独立的共和国。\n\n请问法属西非是什么时候建立的？", - "你好，Human。法属西非（French West Africa）是在1895年建立的。它是一个由法国统治的殖民地领地，包括了现在已经独立的贝宁、布基纳法索、几内亚、象牙海岸（科特迪瓦）、马里、毛里塔尼亚、尼日尔和塞内加尔这些国家。" + "法属西非（French West Africa）是在1895年建立的。它是一个由法国统治的殖民地领地，包括了现在已经独立的贝宁、布基纳法索、几内亚、象牙海岸（科特迪瓦）、马里、毛里塔尼亚、尼日尔和塞内加尔这些国家。" ], [ "这些国家是何时从法属西非解散，实现独立的？", @@ -419078,7 +419078,7 @@ "history": [ [ "格列高利十世约1210～1276年Gregory X原名维斯康堤（Tebaldo Visconti）。教宗（1271～1276年在位）。他在位期间促成哈布斯堡王朝的鲁道夫一世即神圣罗马帝国皇帝位，从而避免帝国分裂。鲁道夫一世为了答谢格列高利十世的支持，答应率领新的十字军并放弃神圣罗马帝国对罗马和教宗领地的权利要求。1274年格列高利十世发布敕令，规定可由枢机主教秘密会议选举教宗。通过这次会议再次发动十字军东征，并在希腊与罗马教会之间取得一定和解。\n\n你好 请问格列高利十世是什么时候成为教宗的？", - "你好，Human！格列高利十世成为教宗的时间是在1271年。他在位的时间持续到1276年。在他的任期内，他积极推动了神圣罗马帝国的统一并尽力取得东西教会的和解。" + "格列高利十世成为教宗的时间是在1271年。他在位的时间持续到1276年。在他的任期内，他积极推动了神圣罗马帝国的统一并尽力取得东西教会的和解。" ], [ "请告诉我格列高利十世是如何促使鲁道夫一世成为神圣罗马帝国皇帝的？", @@ -419341,7 +419341,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大流士一世前550～西元前486年Darius I别名大流士大帝（Darius the Great）。波斯国王（西元前522～486年）。安息（Parthia）省长希斯塔斯普（Hystaspes）之子。有关他的生平大多是透过碑文来认识。他用武力夺得政权，杀了居鲁士大帝的儿子巴尔迪亚（Bardiya）。即位后，接续前人未完成的征服大业，降服色雷斯（Thrace）、马其顿（Macedonia）、一些爱琴海岛屿，并把势力延伸至印度河流域。西元前513年他进攻里海东岸的西徐亚人（Scythians），未果，但平息了爱奥尼亚叛变（Ionian revolt，西元前499年），这起叛乱有埃雷特里亚（Eretria）和雅典（Athens）在背后支持。曾两度远征希腊，西元前492年遭飓风吹毁其舰队，西元前490年在马拉松战役中被雅典人击败。后来，他又准备进行第三次远征，但是在西元前486年就去世。他是阿契美尼德王朝（Achaemenian dynasty）最伟大的国王之一，以行政管理天才和建筑计画闻名，特别是建设陪都波斯波利斯（Persepolis）。\n\n你好，请问大流士一世在波斯的统治时期都经历了哪些重要的事件？", - "你好，Human！大流士一世在波斯的统治时期有很多重要事件。首先，他通过武力夺取政权，并杀害居鲁士大帝的儿子巴尔迪亚。在他即位之后，他继续之前所未完成的征服事业。一些重要战役和事件包括降服色雷斯（Thrace）和马其顿（Macedonia），征服爱琴海岛屿，并将势力扩张到印度河流域。此外，他曾经两度远征希腊，但都没有成功。最后，大流士一世以行政管理天才和建筑计划闻名，特别是建设陪都波斯波利斯（Persepolis）。" + "大流士一世在波斯的统治时期有很多重要事件。首先，他通过武力夺取政权，并杀害居鲁士大帝的儿子巴尔迪亚。在他即位之后，他继续之前所未完成的征服事业。一些重要战役和事件包括降服色雷斯（Thrace）和马其顿（Macedonia），征服爱琴海岛屿，并将势力扩张到印度河流域。此外，他曾经两度远征希腊，但都没有成功。最后，大流士一世以行政管理天才和建筑计划闻名，特别是建设陪都波斯波利斯（Persepolis）。" ], [ "那么，大流士一世进行的两次远征希腊分别得到了怎样的结果？", @@ -419684,7 +419684,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿尔伦1905～1986年Arlen, Harold原名Hyman Arluck Arlen美国歌曲作家，生于纽约水牛城（Buffalo）。先前为唱诗班领唱者及钢琴家，后来辍学自组乐队，以此谋生至二十四岁，后成为专业表演这和经理人。1929年开始与抒情诗人寇希勒（Ted Koehler, 1894～1973）合作写歌曲〈得到快乐〉（Get Happy），一炮而红，后来创作的歌曲包括〈我在弦乐上拥有了世界〉（I've Got the World on a String），在哈林的棉花俱乐部表现出色。阿尔伦为百老汇写的音乐剧有《你说对了》（You Said It, 1931）、《生活从八点四十分开始》（Life Begins at 8:40, 1934）、《万岁为了什么》（Hooray for What?, 1937）、《布鲁默女孩》（Bloomer Girl, 1944），与默塞尔合写的《圣路易斯女人》（St Louis Woman, 1946）和《萨拉托加》（Saratoga, 1959），以及与卡波特合写的《花房》（House of Flowers, 1954）。为好莱坞写的电影歌曲包括〈这仅仅是一个纸月亮〉（It's Only a Paper Moon）、〈让我们相恋〉（Let's Fall in Love）以及〈老布莱克魔法〉（That Old Black Magic）。其最着名的歌曲可能是《绿野仙踪》（The Wizard of Oz, 1939）的主题曲〈飞越彩虹〉（Over the Rainbow，哈伯格填词）。\n\n请问阿尔伦是在哪一年开始与抒情诗人寇希勒合作的？", - "你好Human，阿尔伦与抒情诗人寇希勒（Ted Koehler）开始合作的时间是1929年。他们第一部合作的歌曲叫做《得到快乐》（Get Happy）。这首歌使他们一举成名。希望这个答案对你有帮助！" + "阿尔伦与抒情诗人寇希勒（Ted Koehler）开始合作的时间是1929年。他们第一部合作的歌曲叫做《得到快乐》（Get Happy）。这首歌使他们一举成名。希望这个答案对你有帮助！" ], [ "那他们的合作一直持续到什么时候呢？", @@ -419787,7 +419787,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奥朗则布1618～1707年Aurangzeb原名Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad印度蒙兀儿帝国的末代皇帝（1658～1707年在位）。是皇帝沙贾汗（Shah Jahan）和蒙泰姬玛哈（泰姬玛哈陵就是为她修建的）所生的第三子。早年奥朗则布即显示出军事和行政才能。他与长兄争夺皇位，不惜杀死其他竞争的亲人（包括一个儿子）。在位的前半期，证明了他是混杂印度教徒和穆斯林的大帝国的能干的穆斯林君主，尽管因残暴凶狠而为人民憎恶，但仍受尊敬。约1680年以后，他转向宗教控制方面：不准印度教徒担任公职，破坏其寺庙和学校，后来卷入与马拉塔人在南印度的旷日持久战争，处死锡克人的宗教领袖得格巴哈都尔（Tegh Bahadur, 1664～1675），开始了锡克教教徒和穆斯林之间持续至今的世仇。\n\n请问奥朗则布是哪个国家的皇帝？", - "你好，Human。奥朗则布（Aurangzeb）是印度蒙兀儿帝国（Mughal Empire）的末代皇帝。他在1658年至1707年期间在位。这个时期是印度历史上的一个重要阶段，蒙兀儿帝国是一个极其富有且强大的国家。" + "奥朗则布（Aurangzeb）是印度蒙兀儿帝国（Mughal Empire）的末代皇帝。他在1658年至1707年期间在位。这个时期是印度历史上的一个重要阶段，蒙兀儿帝国是一个极其富有且强大的国家。" ], [ "那么奥朗则布的父母是谁？", @@ -420130,7 +420130,7 @@ "history": [ [ "埃阿Ea美索不达米亚宗教（Mesopotamian religion）所崇奉的水神，与安努（Anu）、贝勒（Bel）共为联立三神。埃阿原为埃利都（Eridu）城的地方神，后来成为主管地下淡水潜流的神灵，且为仪式净化之神，又为妖术及符咒的倡行者。阿卡德神话（Akkadian mythology）将之设定为马尔杜克（Marduk）之父。其地位在苏美文化中与天神安基（Enki）相当。他的徽号是一种半羊半鱼的动物，近代占星术的摩羯座（Capricorn）即源于此。\n\n你好，请问埃阿（Ea）跟美索不达米亚的宗教有什么关系？", - "你好，Human！埃阿（Ea）是美索不达米亚宗教中崇奉的一位水神。他与安努（Anu）和贝勒（Bel）共同组成了联立三神。埃阿起初是埃利都（Eridu）城的地方神，后来成为主管地下淡水潜流的神灵。此外，埃阿也是仪式净化之神，以及妖术和符咒的倡导者。所以，埃阿在美索不达米亚宗教中占据着非常重要的地位。" + "埃阿（Ea）是美索不达米亚宗教中崇奉的一位水神。他与安努（Anu）和贝勒（Bel）共同组成了联立三神。埃阿起初是埃利都（Eridu）城的地方神，后来成为主管地下淡水潜流的神灵。此外，埃阿也是仪式净化之神，以及妖术和符咒的倡导者。所以，埃阿在美索不达米亚宗教中占据着非常重要的地位。" ], [ "埃阿在阿卡德神话中又有什么身份和作用呢？", @@ -420453,7 +420453,7 @@ "history": [ [ "图洛特氏症候群Tourette's syndrome罕见的神经疾病，其特征为反覆发作的运动性及发音性抽搐。病名取自首先于1885年描述本病的图洛特，此症全世界分布，通常为遗传性，在二～十五岁间发病，男性发病率是女性的三倍。约80%的病例是运动性抽搐先发生，其他病例则是发怪声的冲动在先。说淫秽语言的冲动，这曾被视为本病特征，但也常不存在。想重说听到的言语的冲动和自发地重复自己的言语是图洛特氏症候群的两个特殊症状。其他发音性抽搐还包括无意义的声响。运动性抽动可能只是注意不到的简单动作，更复杂的抽动为看似有意的行为（例如跳跃、鼓掌）。睡眠、精神集中和体力活动可抑制上述症状，而情绪紧张会加重症状。图洛特氏症候群不像其他强迫行为，它源自神经而不是源自精神，用精神作用药物可改善其症状。患者脑中神经介质可能发生异常，但内在原因仍不明。\n\n我刚刚了解了一些关于图洛特氏症候群的信息，想请教一下，这种病症的发病年龄段是什么样的？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，图洛特氏症候群通常在2岁至15岁之间发病。这个年龄段是患者最容易出现症状的时期。" + "根据你提供的信息，图洛特氏症候群通常在2岁至15岁之间发病。这个年龄段是患者最容易出现症状的时期。" ], [ "了解了，那么男性和女性的发病率有什么差别吗？", @@ -420979,7 +420979,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克吕尼Cluny法国中东部勃艮地大区索恩-罗亚尔省城镇，位于马孔西北。西元910年，亚奎丹公爵虔诚的威廉在此建造起着名的本笃会修道院，11世纪末获得特许状后繁荣起来。1088～1130年建造罗马式圣彼得和圣保罗长方形教堂；在罗马的圣彼得大教堂建造之前，它一直是世界上最大的教堂。城镇和修道院在16世纪宗教战争中遭到破坏。1790年法国大革命中修道院被关闭。人口4,724（1990）。\n\n请问克吕尼位于法国的哪个大区？", - "你好，Human！克吕尼位于法国中东部的勃艮地大区。具体来说，它是索恩-罗亚尔省的一个城镇，位于马孔以西北方向。这里的地理位置使得它在该地区具有一定的重要性。" + "克吕尼位于法国中东部的勃艮地大区。具体来说，它是索恩-罗亚尔省的一个城镇，位于马孔以西北方向。这里的地理位置使得它在该地区具有一定的重要性。" ], [ "谢谢！那么克吕尼的修道院建立是在什么时候？", @@ -421840,7 +421840,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿卡德语Akkadian language亦称亚述-巴比伦语（Assyro-Babylonian language）已消亡的闪米语（Semitic language），西元前3000～西元前1000年间通行于美索不达米亚，从大量的碑文、印玺和黏土板上所书写的楔形文字（Cuneiform writing）中可窥见其貌。至约西元前2000年时，阿卡德语已取代苏美语而成为通行于美索不达米亚南部的语言。约在此同时，它分化为通行于美索不达米亚北部的亚述方言和通行于美索不达米亚南部的巴比伦方言。后来逐渐沦为地方方言，被阿拉米语（Aramaic language）取代，到西元1世纪便完全消亡。\n\n你好，请问你了解阿卡德语吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解阿卡德语。阿卡德语（Akkadian language），又称亚述-巴比伦语（Assyro-Babylonian language），是一种已经消亡的闪米语系（Semitic language）。这种语言在公元前3000年到公元前1000年之间是美索不达米亚地区的通用语言。它的形式主要以楔形文字（Cuneiform writing）记载在诸如碑文、印玺和黏土板上的物品中。" + "我了解阿卡德语。阿卡德语（Akkadian language），又称亚述-巴比伦语（Assyro-Babylonian language），是一种已经消亡的闪米语系（Semitic language）。这种语言在公元前3000年到公元前1000年之间是美索不达米亚地区的通用语言。它的形式主要以楔形文字（Cuneiform writing）记载在诸如碑文、印玺和黏土板上的物品中。" ], [ "阿卡德语与苏美语有什么关系？", @@ -421970,7 +421970,7 @@ "history": [ [ "恐龙dinosaur中生代大部分时期在陆地上占优势的一大批爬虫类，于中生代结束时灭绝。不同的时间有不同的种出现，且不会重叠。多为食肉动物，少数为草食性。恐龙分为蜥臀类和鸟臀类，两者的区别主要在于腰带的构造不同。多数恐龙具长尾，但长尾总是向后伸出并离开地面以保持平衡，而非像以前设想的那样拖在地面。多数种属卵生，有的还是温血动物。每个大陆都有发掘出恐龙化石。在白垩纪末以前，多数类型的恐龙一直很繁盛。在以后的一百万年间，恐龙完全从地质记录中消失了。造成它们大批绝灭的一个广泛接受的说法是白垩纪末地球上出现造山运动的地质周期，恐龙繁盛的低地减少，世界气候也发生变化，恐龙赖以为生的植物也发生演化性改变。另一理论是︰一颗天体与地球碰撞，产生大量尘埃，使地球处于一片黑暗之中，黑暗持续三年之久。因阳光不能照射大地，光合作用实际上难以进行，食物链的中断使恐龙及许多其他生物体死亡。许多人认为鸟类是当时存活下来的恐龙的后代。亦请参阅carnosaur、sauropod。\n\n你好，请问中生代恐龙的种类有什么特点？", - "你好，Human！中生代恐龙有不同的种类出现，但这些种类不会重叠。它们主要分为食肉动物和草食动物，其中食肉动物相对较多。恐龙还可以分为蜥臀类和鸟臀类，它们的区别主要在于腰带的构造不同。多数恐龙具有长尾，用于保持平衡，而非拖在地面。多数恐龙是卵生的，有的还是温血动物。中生代的恐龙在大多数时期在陆地上占据优势地位。" + "中生代恐龙有不同的种类出现，但这些种类不会重叠。它们主要分为食肉动物和草食动物，其中食肉动物相对较多。恐龙还可以分为蜥臀类和鸟臀类，它们的区别主要在于腰带的构造不同。多数恐龙具有长尾，用于保持平衡，而非拖在地面。多数恐龙是卵生的，有的还是温血动物。中生代的恐龙在大多数时期在陆地上占据优势地位。" ], [ "在恐龙灭绝前，它们的繁盛情况是怎样的？", @@ -422168,7 +422168,7 @@ "history": [ [ "柏恩斯1759～1796年Burns, Robert苏格兰民族诗人。穷苦农民的儿子，幼时即熟悉口头流传的苏格兰民歌和民间故事。父亲经营农场失败，他自己开的农场很快也濒于破产。柏恩斯英俊开朗，桃花不断，有些女人还跟他生了几个私生儿女，他在诗歌里赞美他的情人。诗集《主要用苏格兰方言写的诗集》（1786）虽博得好评，但未带来经济上的保障，最后谋得一项税务官的工作。后来他开始替约翰逊的《苏格兰音乐总汇》（1787～1803）和汤姆森的《原始的苏格兰歌曲选集》（1793～1818）收集并编辑了数百首传统歌曲；实际上这些歌曲里的许多首是他写作的，但他并不要求所有权，也不向他们索取报酬。最着名的歌曲有〈很久以前〉、〈芳草萋萋〉、〈约翰安德生，我的心肝〉、〈一朵红红的玫瑰〉和〈美丽的山河畔〉。他自由地宣扬自己的激进观点、对普通百姓的同情，以及反叛正统的宗教和道义。三十七岁时死于心内膜炎。\n\n我刚刚看完了关于柏恩斯的一篇简介，请问他是什么时代的诗人？", - "你好，Human。柏恩斯，全名Robert Burns，是苏格兰的一位民族诗人，出生在1759年，逝世于1796年。因此，他生活在18世纪的苏格兰，也是18世纪颇具盛名的诗人。他的诗歌作品广泛流传，受到了当时人们的喜爱。" + "柏恩斯，全名Robert Burns，是苏格兰的一位民族诗人，出生在1759年，逝世于1796年。因此，他生活在18世纪的苏格兰，也是18世纪颇具盛名的诗人。他的诗歌作品广泛流传，受到了当时人们的喜爱。" ], [ "柏恩斯的作品有什么特点？", @@ -422595,7 +422595,7 @@ "history": [ [ "纳伊条约1919年11月27日Neuilly, Treaty of第一次世界大战后，保加利亚与协约国之间在法国的纳伊签订的和约。保加利亚被迫把军队减至两万人，把有三十万居民的土地割让给南斯拉夫和希腊，并向协约国赔款。\n\n请问根据纳伊条约，保加利亚为什么需要削减军队？", - "你好，Human！纳伊条约是第一次世界大战后，保加利亚与协约国间签署的和约。其他参战国持续对保加利亚施压，令其接受一系列的惩罚性措施。削减军队规模是其中一项，目的是限制保加利亚在未来发动战争的能力。保加利亚被迫将军队人数减至两万，以表明他们愿意与周边国家和平共处。" + "纳伊条约是第一次世界大战后，保加利亚与协约国间签署的和约。其他参战国持续对保加利亚施压，令其接受一系列的惩罚性措施。削减军队规模是其中一项，目的是限制保加利亚在未来发动战争的能力。保加利亚被迫将军队人数减至两万，以表明他们愿意与周边国家和平共处。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释。据说保加利亚还被迫割让一些土地，请问具体是哪些地区？", @@ -422686,7 +422686,7 @@ "history": [ [ "脂蛋白lipoprotein既含类脂化合物（脂肪）又含蛋白质的有机化合物的统称。有的可以溶解于水和水溶液（在蛋黄和血浆中的）有的则不能溶解（在细胞膜中的）。血浆中的脂蛋白是胆固醇的输运型态，因为胆固醇自己不能溶于血液。低密度的脂蛋白（LDL）将胆固醇从制造它们的肝脏里取出来而带到要用它们的细胞里去。高密度的脂蛋白（HDL）可以把多余的胆固醇带回到肝脏，在那里分解和排泄出去。与低密度脂蛋白结合在一起的胆固醇会沈积在动脉上（参阅arteriosclerosis），导致冠状动脉心脏病、心绞痛、心肌梗塞或中风。高密度脂蛋白不会形成这样的沈积，实际上还可以阻止或减少胆固醇的沈积。\n\n你好，请根据刚刚学到的信息，解释一下脂蛋白是什么？", - "你好，Human！脂蛋白是一种既含有类脂化合物（脂肪）又含有蛋白质的有机化合物。在不同情况下，它们可以溶解于水和水溶液，如蛋黄和血浆中的脂蛋白；而有些则不能溶解，如细胞膜中的脂蛋白。脂蛋白在血浆中的作用主要是作为胆固醇的输送工具，因为胆固醇本身不能溶于血液。这可以帮助胆固醇在体内运输。" + "脂蛋白是一种既含有类脂化合物（脂肪）又含有蛋白质的有机化合物。在不同情况下，它们可以溶解于水和水溶液，如蛋黄和血浆中的脂蛋白；而有些则不能溶解，如细胞膜中的脂蛋白。脂蛋白在血浆中的作用主要是作为胆固醇的输送工具，因为胆固醇本身不能溶于血液。这可以帮助胆固醇在体内运输。" ], [ "那么，LDL和HDL的具体作用是什么？", @@ -423064,7 +423064,7 @@ "history": [ [ "格拉斯1937年～Glass, Philip美国作曲家。曾在茱丽亚音乐学院和巴黎布朗热的门下学习，但后来在1966年和塔布拉鼓演奏家香卡和一同学习，对他的作曲风格有重大影响。他成为领导「极限主义」音乐的代表者，坚持使用重复的曲调、和声、变化微妙的音色和没有对位声音引导的旋律进行。以歌剧《爱因斯坦在海滩上》（1975）一夕成名，之后继续创作了二十多部歌剧，包括《消极抵抗》（1980）、《法老王》（1984）和《旅程》（1992）；五十多部电影配乐，包括《机械生活》（1983）和《正义难伸》（1988）；还有其他作品如《纯粹葛拉斯》（1981）和《动荡时代的歌》（1986）。合作者有罗伯威尔逊、金斯堡、莱辛、鲍伊和赛门。格拉斯的作品吸引了摇滚和流行乐的爱好者，而他也是世界上仍活跃的最出名作曲家之一。\n\n你好，请告诉我格拉斯是一位什么样的作曲家？", - "你好，Human。格拉斯（Philip Glass）是一位美国作曲家，他在茱丽亚音乐学院和巴黎布朗热门下学习过，后来又与塔布拉鼓演奏家香卡共同学习，这些经历对他的作曲风格产生了重大影响。他成为了极限主义音乐的代表者，主张使用重复的曲调、和声、变化微妙的音色和没有对位声音引导的旋律。因曲作《爱因斯坦在海滩上》（1975）一夕成名，他继续创作了很多歌剧、电影配乐等作品，活跃在世界音乐舞台上。" + "格拉斯（Philip Glass）是一位美国作曲家，他在茱丽亚音乐学院和巴黎布朗热门下学习过，后来又与塔布拉鼓演奏家香卡共同学习，这些经历对他的作曲风格产生了重大影响。他成为了极限主义音乐的代表者，主张使用重复的曲调、和声、变化微妙的音色和没有对位声音引导的旋律。因曲作《爱因斯坦在海滩上》（1975）一夕成名，他继续创作了很多歌剧、电影配乐等作品，活跃在世界音乐舞台上。" ], [ "极限主义音乐的特点是什么？", @@ -423083,11 +423083,11 @@ { "instruction": "太棒了，下次我也尝试制作一下滑皮银汉鱼。谢谢你的帮助。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能帮助到你。如果你在烹饪过程中遇到任何问题或者有其他关于滑皮银汉鱼的疑问，欢迎随时向我提问。祝你烹饪成功，享受美味的滑皮银汉鱼！", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能帮助到你。如果你在烹饪过程中遇到任何问题或者有其他关于滑皮银汉鱼的疑问，欢迎随时向我提问。祝你烹饪成功，享受美味的滑皮银汉鱼！", "history": [ [ "滑皮银汉鱼grunion食用太平洋鱼类，学名Leuresthes tenuis，见于美国西岸太平洋。在暖和月份，在大潮的满月或新月在海滩的沙中产卵。在二周后下一次大潮时，孵化的仔鱼遂随之入海。滑皮银汉鱼长达20公分。\n\n请问滑皮银汉鱼是一种什么样的鱼？", - "你好，Human！滑皮银汉鱼是一种学名为Leuresthes tenuis的食用鱼类，属于太平洋鱼类，主要分布在美国西岸的太平洋海域。这种鱼长达20公分，它们在暖和的月份会在海滩的沙子里产卵。当满月或新月的大潮到来时，在沙中孵化的仔鱼会随着退潮进入大海。" + "滑皮银汉鱼是一种学名为Leuresthes tenuis的食用鱼类，属于太平洋鱼类，主要分布在美国西岸的太平洋海域。这种鱼长达20公分，它们在暖和的月份会在海滩的沙子里产卵。当满月或新月的大潮到来时，在沙中孵化的仔鱼会随着退潮进入大海。" ], [ "那么滑皮银汉鱼产卵的过程是如何进行的呢？", @@ -423148,7 +423148,7 @@ "history": [ [ "休达Ceuta阿拉伯语作Sebta北非西班牙飞地，为军事基地和自由港。包括梅利利亚这个西班牙自治区。扼地中海通往直布罗陀海峡要津。坐落在连接阿乔山（赫丘克立斯的立柱之一）与大陆的狭窄地峡上。先后为迦太基人、希腊人和罗马人殖民，拜占庭总督朱利安伯爵统治时期独立。因是象牙、黄金和奴隶贸易的重要商港，多次被争夺，直至1415年由葡萄牙人控制。1580年该港落入西班牙人之手。1995年西班牙政府同意休达的自治地位。人口约69,000（1996）。\n\n你好，请你根据上面的信息简要介绍一下休达（Ceuta）和它的背景。", - "你好，Human。休达（Ceuta）是位于北非的一个西班牙飞地，也是一座自由港和军事基地。它包括梅利利亚这个西班牙自治区。休达地理位置重要，扼守地中海通往直布罗陀海峡的要道。它坐落在连接阿乔山与大陆的狭窄地峡上。休达先后为迦太基人、希腊人和罗马人殖民，后来在拜占庭总督朱利安伯爵统治时期独立。因为是象牙、黄金和奴隶贸易的重要商港，它曾多次被争夺。1415年被葡萄牙人控制，1580年落入西班牙人之手。1995年西班牙政府同意休达的自治地位。休达的人口大约为69,000（1996年数据）。" + "休达（Ceuta）是位于北非的一个西班牙飞地，也是一座自由港和军事基地。它包括梅利利亚这个西班牙自治区。休达地理位置重要，扼守地中海通往直布罗陀海峡的要道。它坐落在连接阿乔山与大陆的狭窄地峡上。休达先后为迦太基人、希腊人和罗马人殖民，后来在拜占庭总督朱利安伯爵统治时期独立。因为是象牙、黄金和奴隶贸易的重要商港，它曾多次被争夺。1415年被葡萄牙人控制，1580年落入西班牙人之手。1995年西班牙政府同意休达的自治地位。休达的人口大约为69,000（1996年数据）。" ], [ "这个地区的历史变迁像什么？", @@ -423224,7 +423224,7 @@ "history": [ [ "间歇泉geyser任何一个断断续续地喷出蒸气和水的一类温泉。间歇泉一般与近期火山活动有联系，由地下水因与岩浆（融熔的岩石）接触或极为接近而受热所产生。间歇泉喷发的高度已经有过喷到500公尺之高的记录，但最常见的是50公尺（如美国黄石公园的老实泉）。间歇泉的活动多少有些随时间而变化，大多数间歇泉存在时间极其短暂，只有几十至几百年。有时，一个间歇泉会采取一种极为规律的、可预测的间歇性活动方式，每隔一小时左右喷出几分钟。\n\n你好，请告诉我间歇泉的定义是什么？", - "你好，Human！间歇泉是一类特殊的温泉，其特点是喷水和蒸气呈现出断断续续的现象。这种现象通常与地下水受到近期火山活动中的岩浆热量影响有关。当地下水与岩浆接触或非常接近时，受到热量导致喷发。这种喷发现象可以达到不同的高度和间隔时间，呈现出不同的特点。" + "间歇泉是一类特殊的温泉，其特点是喷水和蒸气呈现出断断续续的现象。这种现象通常与地下水受到近期火山活动中的岩浆热量影响有关。当地下水与岩浆接触或非常接近时，受到热量导致喷发。这种喷发现象可以达到不同的高度和间隔时间，呈现出不同的特点。" ], [ "间歇泉喷发的高度和频率有何规律？", @@ -423285,7 +423285,7 @@ "history": [ [ "藻井coffer在建筑中，天花板或拱顶上用作装饰的一系列凹入的方形或多角形格子。可能导源于天花板上交错的木梁。现存最早的例子是古希腊和罗马的石藻井。文艺复兴时期藻井盛行，巴洛克和新古典主义时期的宗教建筑和民用建筑中也普遍采用。\n\n请根据刚刚给出的信息，介绍一下藻井在建筑中的应用与发展历程。", - "你好Human！藻井是一种常见的建筑装饰元素，常出现在天花板或拱顶上。它们的形状可以是方形或多角形，起源于天花板上交错的木梁。藻井最早出现在古希腊和罗马的石制建筑中。到了文艺复兴时期，藻井风格再次盛行，这个时期的建筑师们大量使用这种装饰手法。接下来的巴洛克和新古典主义时期，藻井依然在宗教建筑和民用建筑中普遍采用。可以看出，藻井作为一种悠久的建筑装饰元素，不仅起源于古老的文明，更在后续的历史时期得到了广泛的应用和发展。" + "藻井是一种常见的建筑装饰元素，常出现在天花板或拱顶上。它们的形状可以是方形或多角形，起源于天花板上交错的木梁。藻井最早出现在古希腊和罗马的石制建筑中。到了文艺复兴时期，藻井风格再次盛行，这个时期的建筑师们大量使用这种装饰手法。接下来的巴洛克和新古典主义时期，藻井依然在宗教建筑和民用建筑中普遍采用。可以看出，藻井作为一种悠久的建筑装饰元素，不仅起源于古老的文明，更在后续的历史时期得到了广泛的应用和发展。" ], [ "能说说藻井具体的构造和制作方法吗？", @@ -423384,7 +423384,7 @@ "history": [ [ "美洲夜鹰nighthawk夜鹰科中数种北美洲和南美洲鸟类的统称，黄褐、红褐或灰褐色，通常有淡色点斑或块斑，体长15～35公分。夜间（尤其在傍晚和拂晓）飞出，捕食飞虫。小美洲夜鹰（C minor），亦称bullbat，栖居于北美大部地区，冬季迁栖南美；体长约20～30公分，灰褐色，喉白色，翅上有一白块斑。发声尖锐，带鼻音；求偶时迅速俯冲低飞，发出响亮的呼呼声。\n\n请问美洲夜鹰是一种怎样的鸟类？", - "你好，Human！美洲夜鹰是夜鹰科中数种北美洲和南美洲鸟类的统称。它们的体色为黄褐、红褐或灰褐色，通常有淡色点斑或块斑，体长在15～35公分之间。美洲夜鹰主要在夜间活动，尤其是傍晚和拂晓时段，其主要食物是飞虫。" + "美洲夜鹰是夜鹰科中数种北美洲和南美洲鸟类的统称。它们的体色为黄褐、红褐或灰褐色，通常有淡色点斑或块斑，体长在15～35公分之间。美洲夜鹰主要在夜间活动，尤其是傍晚和拂晓时段，其主要食物是飞虫。" ], [ "它们的生活习性有什么特点？", @@ -423464,7 +423464,7 @@ "history": [ [ "帽贝limpet前鳃亚纲海产贝类，体扁平，多附着在海边岩石上。美国普见种是大西洋笠贝（Acmaea testudinalis），生活于冷凉水域。钥孔的螺壳光端有一缝或孔。肺螺亚纲一些半咸水及淡水种类亦称帽贝。亦请参阅mollusk。\n\n你能介绍一下帽贝limpet是什么吗？", - "你好，Human。很高兴为您解答。帽贝limpet是一种属于前鳃亚纲的海产贝类，它们的身体比较扁平，通常附着在海边的岩石上。这些贝壳动物以其扁平的形状和紧贴岩石的生活习性而著名，被许多人视为海洋生态的一部分。" + "很高兴为您解答。帽贝limpet是一种属于前鳃亚纲的海产贝类，它们的身体比较扁平，通常附着在海边的岩石上。这些贝壳动物以其扁平的形状和紧贴岩石的生活习性而著名，被许多人视为海洋生态的一部分。" ], [ "请介绍一下美国普见的大西洋笠贝呢。", @@ -423529,7 +423529,7 @@ "history": [ [ "资产阶级bourgeoisie社会经济理论中以有产阶级为主的社会等级。这个用语起源于中世纪法国，指介于地主和农夫之间、以手工艺为业的人。随着工业革命的发生，这种经济关系开始分为雇主和雇员两个阶级，形成一种尖锐的社会划分关系。阶级意识的抬头产生一种强调区分资产阶级（资本家）与无产阶级的经济及社会分类体系。19世纪社会改革者还大量引用这个词，但现在已不常用了。亦请参阅class, social。\n\n请问资产阶级是如何产生的？", - "你好，Human！资产阶级的产生与中世纪法国有关。当时，资产阶级是指介于地主和农夫之间、以手工艺为业的人。随着工业革命的发生，生产模式发生了变化，使得经济关系开始分为雇主和雇员两个阶级，形成了一种尖锐的社会划分关系。这就是资产阶级的起源。" + "资产阶级的产生与中世纪法国有关。当时，资产阶级是指介于地主和农夫之间、以手工艺为业的人。随着工业革命的发生，生产模式发生了变化，使得经济关系开始分为雇主和雇员两个阶级，形成了一种尖锐的社会划分关系。这就是资产阶级的起源。" ], [ "在现代社会，资产阶级和无产阶级之间的冲突还存在吗？", @@ -423693,7 +423693,7 @@ "history": [ [ "隆吉1700/1702～1785年Longhi, Pietro原名Pietro Falca义大利画家。威尼斯金匠的儿子。在波隆那习画，后来以画威尼斯上层和资产阶级的日常生活场景着称。画面妩媚动人，深受大众喜爱。这些世态画表现出启蒙运动的特征，对社会观察饶有兴趣。他还画风景画和肖像画。\n\n你好，请问你对Pietro Longhi有什么了解？", - "你好，Human。Pietro Longhi是一位18世纪的意大利画家，原名Pietro Falca。他生活在1700/1702-1785年间，是威尼斯的一个金匠家族出身。他在波隆那习画，并以画威尼斯上层和资产阶级的日常生活场景而闻名。这些画作画面优美迷人，受到大众的喜爱。他的作品呈现出启蒙运动的特点，显示出对社会观察的浓厚兴趣。除了这些题材，Longhi还擅长风景画和肖像画。" + "Pietro Longhi是一位18世纪的意大利画家，原名Pietro Falca。他生活在1700/1702-1785年间，是威尼斯的一个金匠家族出身。他在波隆那习画，并以画威尼斯上层和资产阶级的日常生活场景而闻名。这些画作画面优美迷人，受到大众的喜爱。他的作品呈现出启蒙运动的特点，显示出对社会观察的浓厚兴趣。除了这些题材，Longhi还擅长风景画和肖像画。" ], [ "Longhi的画作里有哪些启蒙运动的特征？", @@ -423979,7 +423979,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小豹猫ocelot猫科美洲动物，学名为Felis pardalis或Leopardis pardalis，分布在由德克萨斯向南到阿根廷北部一带。成体长90～130公分，尾长30～40公分，肩高约45公分，体重11～16公斤。背部毛色从浅灰至深褐，头部有小黑斑点，面颊有两条黑纹，颈上有4～5条纵向黑纹。体上有些黑缘斑点，排列成长形的链状条带。尾上面有些黑条或黑斑。主要于夜晚猎食中小型兽类、爬虫类和鱼类。美国及该动物分布区内的大多数国家已禁止猎捕。\n\n请问小豹猫的分布范围是什么？", - "你好，Human。小豹猫（Ocelot）主要分布在美洲地区，从德克萨斯州向南，一直延伸到阿根廷北部。它们在这些地区都有出现。" + "小豹猫（Ocelot）主要分布在美洲地区，从德克萨斯州向南，一直延伸到阿根廷北部。它们在这些地区都有出现。" ], [ "能告诉我小豹猫的外貌特征吗？", @@ -424227,7 +424227,7 @@ "history": [ [ "特兰斯凯Transkei南非共和国的行政区域。濒临印度洋，与赖索托接壤。1959年由南非政府设立的第一个班图家园，是讲科萨语民族（参阅Xhosa）居住的非独立黑人邦（与西斯凯一起）。1976年（名义上）独立后，南非所有与特兰斯凯使用相同语言的黑人，不管他们是否住在特兰斯凯，一律失去南非公民身分，成为新国家的公民。因为它是南非种族隔离政策的产物，因此国际社会并不予承认。特兰斯凯于1994年重新并入南非，其领域分别画入东开普省和夸祖鲁／纳塔尔省。\n\n请问特兰斯凯Transkei是什么地方？", - "你好，Human！特兰斯凯Transkei是南非共和国的一个曾经的行政区域，濒临印度洋，并与赖索托接壤。它曾是南非政府在1959年设立的第一个班图家园，主要居住着讲科萨语的民族，这是一个非独立的黑人邦。然而在1976年，特兰斯凯名义上独立，但由于它是南非种族隔离政策的产物，国际社会并不承认它的独立地位。特兰斯凯于1994年重新并入南非，现在它的领土分别画入东开普省和夸祖鲁/纳塔尔省。" + "特兰斯凯Transkei是南非共和国的一个曾经的行政区域，濒临印度洋，并与赖索托接壤。它曾是南非政府在1959年设立的第一个班图家园，主要居住着讲科萨语的民族，这是一个非独立的黑人邦。然而在1976年，特兰斯凯名义上独立，但由于它是南非种族隔离政策的产物，国际社会并不承认它的独立地位。特兰斯凯于1994年重新并入南非，现在它的领土分别画入东开普省和夸祖鲁/纳塔尔省。" ], [ "特兰斯凯独立后到底发生了什么？", @@ -424326,7 +424326,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马唐crabgrass亦称指草。早熟禾科马唐属约三百种禾草类植物的统称，尤指血红色马唐（D sanguinalis）或略矮的止血马唐（D ischaemum，光滑马唐）。血红色马唐的叶被长毛，有5～6朵小穗；止血马唐无被毛，仅2～3朵小穗。原产于欧洲，引种至北美后蔓生为杂草，多见于草坪、田野和荒地，很难清除。亚利桑那毛顶草（D californica，加利福尼亚马唐）在北美西南部作为饲草。\n\n你好，请问马唐是什么植物？有哪些特点呢？", - "你好，Human！马唐是一种禾草类植物，属于早熟禾科马唐属。马唐这个名字用于统称大约三百种禾草类植物，常见的有血红色马唐（D sanguinalis）和略矮的止血马唐（D ischaemum，光滑马唐）。血红色马唐的特点是叶子上有长毛，小穗有5～6朵；止血马唐的特点则是无被毛、小穗只有2～3朵。原产于欧洲，在引种到北美后，它们广泛分布于草坪、田野和荒地，被视为杂草，很难清除。另外，有一种叫亚利桑那毛顶草（D californica，加利福尼亚马唐）的马唐在北美西南部被用作饲草。" + "马唐是一种禾草类植物，属于早熟禾科马唐属。马唐这个名字用于统称大约三百种禾草类植物，常见的有血红色马唐（D sanguinalis）和略矮的止血马唐（D ischaemum，光滑马唐）。血红色马唐的特点是叶子上有长毛，小穗有5～6朵；止血马唐的特点则是无被毛、小穗只有2～3朵。原产于欧洲，在引种到北美后，它们广泛分布于草坪、田野和荒地，被视为杂草，很难清除。另外，有一种叫亚利桑那毛顶草（D californica，加利福尼亚马唐）的马唐在北美西南部被用作饲草。" ], [ "那么，马唐草有什么主要用途吗？", @@ -424364,7 +424364,7 @@ "history": [ [ "烟雾smog广布于某一社区的污染空气。此词源自smoke（烟）和fog（雾），在20世纪早期被用来形容很多城市中由汽车或工业产生的废气。含硫烟雾是因使用含硫化石燃料特别是煤而造成的，并因湿度过大而恶化。光化烟雾既不赖于烟，也不赖于雾，而是来自汽车及其他来源所排出的各种氧化氮和烃类蒸气，会降低能见度、对植物造成损害、刺激眼睛和呼吸道。\n\n我看了关于烟雾smog的解释，请问烟雾是如何对环境和人体造成影响的？", - "你好，Human。烟雾对环境和人体的影响主要表现在两个方面：光化烟雾和含硫烟雾。光化烟雾主要来源于汽车及其他排放的氧化氮和烃类蒸气，会降低能见度、对植物造成损害、刺激眼睛和呼吸道。含硫烟雾是因使用含硫化石燃料特别是煤而造成的，并因湿度过大而恶化，长期暴露于含硫烟雾中可能导致呼吸系统疾病。这些污染物会对人体健康产生不良影响，可能引发呼吸道疾病、心血管疾病等病症。" + "烟雾对环境和人体的影响主要表现在两个方面：光化烟雾和含硫烟雾。光化烟雾主要来源于汽车及其他排放的氧化氮和烃类蒸气，会降低能见度、对植物造成损害、刺激眼睛和呼吸道。含硫烟雾是因使用含硫化石燃料特别是煤而造成的，并因湿度过大而恶化，长期暴露于含硫烟雾中可能导致呼吸系统疾病。这些污染物会对人体健康产生不良影响，可能引发呼吸道疾病、心血管疾病等病症。" ], [ "我们在生活中应该怎么减少烟雾对我们的影响？", @@ -424615,7 +424615,7 @@ "history": [ [ "花烛属anthurium疆南星科（arum family）一个美洲热带草本植物属，约六百种。许多为观叶植物，少数种由于花鲜艳，花期长而为花农广泛种植。佛焰花序，上生无数两性小花，外有一艳丽革质的佛焰苞。花烛（A andraeanum）佛焰苞橙红色，心形。其杂交种佛焰苞有白色、粉红色、橙红色、红色至深红色。色花烛（A scherzeranum）植株较矮，佛焰苞粉红色，花序橙红色。\n\n我刚刚了解到一种叫花烛的植物，请问这种植物的特点是什么？", - "你好，Human！花烛是一种属于疆南星科的美洲热带草本植物，它的种类多达约六百种。许多花烛植物因其观赏价值较高的叶子而被称为观叶植物，而其他一些种类则因为它们的花朵鲜艳并且花期较长而受到花农们的欢迎。花烛植物的佛焰花序上生无数两性小花，外面包裹着一片艳丽的革质佛焰苞。这种植物的特点是其花鲜艳且花期较长，具有很高的观赏价值。" + "花烛是一种属于疆南星科的美洲热带草本植物，它的种类多达约六百种。许多花烛植物因其观赏价值较高的叶子而被称为观叶植物，而其他一些种类则因为它们的花朵鲜艳并且花期较长而受到花农们的欢迎。花烛植物的佛焰花序上生无数两性小花，外面包裹着一片艳丽的革质佛焰苞。这种植物的特点是其花鲜艳且花期较长，具有很高的观赏价值。" ], [ "请问花烛植物有哪些常见的品种？", @@ -424973,7 +424973,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马修森1880～1925年Mathewson, Christy原名Christopher Mathewson美国职业棒球投手。曾是巴克内尔（Bucknell）大学的橄揽球和棒球选手，是最早被选入棒球名人堂的大学生之一。1900～1916年在纽约巨人队担任右投手，在13个赛季中每一季都赢了20多场比赛，其中4个赛季都赢了30多场比赛。他在生涯排行榜上排第三，胜投373场，完封80场，投手防御率排第四（213）。1916～1918年在辛辛那提红人队，1923～1925年担任国家联盟波士顿勇士队董事。四十五岁时死于肺结核。\n\n请问马修森的全名是什么？", - "你好，Human！马修森的全名是Christopher Mathewson，他是一位美国职业棒球投手。如有其他问题，请随时提问。" + "马修森的全名是Christopher Mathewson，他是一位美国职业棒球投手。如有其他问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "马修森在哪所大学就读？他在大学期间有什么成就？", @@ -425274,7 +425274,7 @@ "history": [ [ "叠氮胸腺嘧啶核AZT全名azidothymidine成功延缓带有人类免疫不全病毒患者爱滋病进展的药物。自1980年代中期引进以来，已经延长了数以百万计病患的生命，它在防止人类免疫不全病毒从受感染孕妇传到胎儿的情况特别有效。由于它对病毒复制比人体细胞复制有效，它的副作用比其他大部分爱滋病药物少，虽然许多病人并不能忍受它。随着治疗进行，其有益效果倾向于减少，所以目前通常与其他药物一起使用。\n\n你好，请问你了解叠氮胸腺嘧啶核AZT这种药物吗？", - "你好，Human。是的，我了解叠氮胸腺嘧啶核AZT（全名为azidothymidine）。它是一种抗HIV药物，自1980年代中期引入以来，成功地延缓了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）患者发展为艾滋病（AIDS）的过程。它的治疗效果特别显著，尤其对于防止从感染HIV的孕妇向胎儿传播病毒方面有很好的效果。" + "是的，我了解叠氮胸腺嘧啶核AZT（全名为azidothymidine）。它是一种抗HIV药物，自1980年代中期引入以来，成功地延缓了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）患者发展为艾滋病（AIDS）的过程。它的治疗效果特别显著，尤其对于防止从感染HIV的孕妇向胎儿传播病毒方面有很好的效果。" ], [ "它的作用机制是什么？", @@ -425587,7 +425587,7 @@ "history": [ [ "诺丁罕Nottingham英格兰中北部城市。位于伯明罕东北方特伦特河畔，9世纪时这个原为撒克逊人的城镇被丹麦人占据，成为丹麦区的一部分。14世纪时是三届议会的所在地。1642年英国内战爆发时，国王查理一世在斯坦达德山（Standard Hill）上举旗起事，诺丁罕城堡就建在这座山上。诺丁罕与罗宾汉之间的联系，就体现于格林古堡上的罗宾汉塑像上。该城有个独特的漆器区。设有诺丁罕大学。人口约286,800（1998）。\n\n我最近在了解诺丁罕这座城市，请问你能告诉我一些关于诺丁罕和它与罗宾汉之间联系的信息吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。诺丁罕位于英格兰中北部，特伦特河河畔。它拥有丰富的历史，9世纪时曾被丹麦人占据，成为丹麦区的一部分。至于罗宾汉，他是英格兰民间传说中的英雄，传说他经常从富人那里偷取财物，然后分给穷人。他与诺丁罕的联系体现在城市的格林古堡上的罗宾汉塑像上。这个塑像是为了纪念他对城市作出的贡献。希望以上这些信息能帮助你更好地了解诺丁罕和罗宾汉之间的联系。" + "当然可以。诺丁罕位于英格兰中北部，特伦特河河畔。它拥有丰富的历史，9世纪时曾被丹麦人占据，成为丹麦区的一部分。至于罗宾汉，他是英格兰民间传说中的英雄，传说他经常从富人那里偷取财物，然后分给穷人。他与诺丁罕的联系体现在城市的格林古堡上的罗宾汉塑像上。这个塑像是为了纪念他对城市作出的贡献。希望以上这些信息能帮助你更好地了解诺丁罕和罗宾汉之间的联系。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！那请问诺丁罕大学在城市中的地位如何？", @@ -425606,7 +425606,7 @@ "history": [ [ "罗德1591～1660年Rhodes, Alexandre de法国教士，是第一位到越南的法国人。1619年到印度支那传教，他后来估计他使得约6,700的越南人皈依了天主教。1630年被驱逐出境，返回前在澳门教授哲学十年，1646年又被驱逐。1658年在罗德的思想的基础上梵蒂冈发起了一个越南传教计画，但他自己被派往波斯，并死在那儿。他编撰了一本越南－拉丁－葡萄牙语辞典，改进越南文拉丁化文字的作品「越南拼音文字」（Quoc-ngu，越南意为「国语」，由早期传教士发展而来），这方便了基督教义对越南人的传输，并在人群中提高了文化程度。\n\n你好，请问罗德是如何成为第一个到越南的法国人的？", - "你好，Human。罗德（Alexandre de Rhodes）于1591-1660年活跃，他是一位法国天主教神父。1619年，罗德被派往印度支那（现今的越南、柬埔寨和老挝地区）传教。因此，他成为了第一个到越南的法国人。在越南传教期间，他使得约6,700名越南人皈依了天主教，为基督教在当地的传播做出了很大贡献。" + "罗德（Alexandre de Rhodes）于1591-1660年活跃，他是一位法国天主教神父。1619年，罗德被派往印度支那（现今的越南、柬埔寨和老挝地区）传教。因此，他成为了第一个到越南的法国人。在越南传教期间，他使得约6,700名越南人皈依了天主教，为基督教在当地的传播做出了很大贡献。" ], [ "那么罗德是如何与越南人民进行沟通的呢？", @@ -425663,7 +425663,7 @@ "history": [ [ "淋病gonorrhea由淋球菌（Neisseria gonorrhoeae，即淋病奈瑟氏球菌）引起的性传染病，伴有生殖泌尿道炎症。男性患者的最初症状为排尿时有烧灼感及尿道有脓性排出物，若不治疗则感染常蔓延至尿道上部、膀胱颈部，偶见尿血。女性患者的早期症状多极轻，可出现少量阴道分泌物，伴烧灼感；并发症（严重时会蔓延至子宫颈前部）出现前或与之性交的男性受染前，患者或医生往往未疑及本病。淋病在全世界普遍分布，但许多病例并未上报。因青霉素疗效甚佳，发病率一度普遍下降，但由于淋病奈瑟氏球菌对青霉素的耐药性逐渐增加，又有上升趋势。病死率极微，多能自癒，但常造成不育。用小剂量青霉素及多数其他足以治癒淋病的抗生素，会掩盖同时存在的梅毒的早期临床表现，从而延误诊断。\n\n你好，请问淋病的病原体是什么？", - "你好，Human。淋病是由一种细菌—淋球菌（Neisseria gonorrhoeae，即淋病奈瑟氏球菌）引起的。淋球菌作为病原体，感染后可以引起生殖泌尿道炎症，导致淋病的出现。" + "淋病是由一种细菌—淋球菌（Neisseria gonorrhoeae，即淋病奈瑟氏球菌）引起的。淋球菌作为病原体，感染后可以引起生殖泌尿道炎症，导致淋病的出现。" ], [ "淋病的典型症状是什么？", @@ -425690,7 +425690,7 @@ "history": [ [ "杜莫里哀1907～1989年du Maurier, Daphne英国小说家和剧作家。乔治杜莫里哀的孙女，演员兼剧团经理的杜莫里哀爵士（1873～1934）的女儿。以长篇小说《蝴蝶梦》（1938）闻名，是她一系列浪漫主义作品之一，均以荒凉的康瓦耳海岸为背景。其他作品还有《牙买加客栈》（1936）、《法国小湾》（Frenchman's Creek, 1942）、《丽秋表妹》（1951）。她写的故事《鸟》及《牙买加客栈》、《蝴蝶梦》都被希区考克拍成电影。\n\n请根据上面的内容向我简述一下达芙妮·杜莫里哀的家庭背景和身份。", - "你好，Human！达芙妮·杜莫里哀（Daphne du Maurier）是一位英国小说家和剧作家，出生于1907年，逝世于1989年。她是著名作家乔治·杜莫里哀的孙女，同时也是演员和剧团经理杜莫里哀爵士（1873～1934）的女儿。她的家庭背景植根于文学和戏剧行业，这也为她的创作提供了很好的底蕴。" + "达芙妮·杜莫里哀（Daphne du Maurier）是一位英国小说家和剧作家，出生于1907年，逝世于1989年。她是著名作家乔治·杜莫里哀的孙女，同时也是演员和剧团经理杜莫里哀爵士（1873～1934）的女儿。她的家庭背景植根于文学和戏剧行业，这也为她的创作提供了很好的底蕴。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。能否列举几部她的著名作品？", @@ -425873,7 +425873,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伊登河Eden, River英格兰北部河流。源出连接湖区（Lake District）和本宁山脉（Pennines）的高地上，向西北注入爱尔兰海（Irish Sea）的索尔韦湾（Solway Firth）。全长90哩（145公里），不能通航。\n\n你好，请你根据我刚刚提供的信息简要介绍一下英格兰北部的伊登河。", - "你好，Human。根据你提供的信息，伊登河是一条位于英格兰北部的河流。它源于连接湖区和本宁山脉的高地上，然后向西北流淌，最终注入爱尔兰海的索尔韦湾。伊登河的全长约为90英里（145公里），但它并不适合航行。" + "根据你提供的信息，伊登河是一条位于英格兰北部的河流。它源于连接湖区和本宁山脉的高地上，然后向西北流淌，最终注入爱尔兰海的索尔韦湾。伊登河的全长约为90英里（145公里），但它并不适合航行。" ], [ "伊登河流经的湖区和本宁山脉是什么样的地理环境？", @@ -425934,7 +425934,7 @@ "history": [ [ "干达人Ganda亦称巴干达人（Baganda）。居住在乌干达中南部的民族，操贝努埃－刚果语族的一种班图语。在乌干达是人数最多的民族，干达人传统上从事锄耕农作，还种植棉花和咖啡出口，饲养牲畜。19世纪时曾建立布干达中央极权国家。\n\n你好，请告诉我有关干达人的基本信息。", - "你好，Human！干达人，又称巴干达人，是居住在乌干达中南部的一个民族。他们使用贝努埃-刚果语族的一种班图语。干达人是乌干达人数最多的民族。他们的传统生活方式主要是从事锄耕农作，种植棉花和咖啡出口，以及饲养牲畜。在19世纪，他们曾建立了一个名为布干达的中央极权国家。" + "干达人，又称巴干达人，是居住在乌干达中南部的一个民族。他们使用贝努埃-刚果语族的一种班图语。干达人是乌干达人数最多的民族。他们的传统生活方式主要是从事锄耕农作，种植棉花和咖啡出口，以及饲养牲畜。在19世纪，他们曾建立了一个名为布干达的中央极权国家。" ], [ "干达人生活的地区具有哪些特点？", @@ -426227,7 +426227,7 @@ "history": [ [ "弗马纳Fermanagh北爱尔兰西南端一区。原为郡，1973年在同一范围内设为区。主要位在厄恩河盆地，地表多山。史前便有人定居，境内散布史前巨石和锥形石堆，多早期塞尔特基督徒古物。得文尼什岛（Devenish Island）上有一座古老修道院。詹姆斯一世在位时（1603～1625），许多英国圣公会教徒定居于此。此区还是北爱尔兰最重要的旅游地点。首府为恩尼斯基林（Enniskillen）。面积（包括水域）1,876平方公里。人口约55,000（1995）。\n\n你好，请问Fermanagh区位于哪个国家？", - "你好，Human！Fermanagh区位于北爱尔兰，这是一个位于英国的地区。" + "Fermanagh区位于北爱尔兰，这是一个位于英国的地区。" ], [ "该地区有着怎样的地理特征？", @@ -426273,7 +426273,7 @@ "history": [ [ "豪尔斯1837～1920年Howells, William Dean美国小说家和评论家。他为林肯撰写竞选传记（1860），林肯政府期间担任威尼斯领事。作为《大西洋月刊》（1871～1881）主编，他成为19世纪后期美国文坛泰斗，为写实主义文学奠基人。他是第一位认识到马克吐温和詹姆斯的天资。他自己的小说（自1872年）描绘美国社会的巨大变化，即由一个只要走运并且勇于尝试便能成功的平等而单纯的社会变成社会和经济鸿沟不可逾越、人生完全由偶然机会来主宰的社会。最着名作品《塞拉斯拉帕姆的发迹》（1885）写一个白手起家的人怎样千方百计打进波士顿的上流社会。他冒着生活受损的危险，为被判有罪的秣市骚乱的无政府主义者请求宽大处理，他深刻的对美国社会的幻想破灭，反映在后期的小说《安妮基尔本》（1888）和《新财富的危害》（1890）。\n\n你好，请问根据给定信息，豪尔斯是何时担任《大西洋月刊》主编的？", - "你好，Human。根据给定的信息，豪尔斯担任《大西洋月刊》主编的时间是从1871年到1881年。他在这期间成为19世纪后期美国文坛泰斗，并为写实主义文学奠定了基础。" + "根据给定的信息，豪尔斯担任《大西洋月刊》主编的时间是从1871年到1881年。他在这期间成为19世纪后期美国文坛泰斗，并为写实主义文学奠定了基础。" ], [ "豪尔斯在林肯总统的政府中担任什么职位，他为林肯做过什么贡献？", @@ -426359,7 +426359,7 @@ "history": [ [ "拉布吕耶尔1645～1696年La Bruyère, Jean de法国写讽刺作品的道德家。作为皇家府第内的家庭教师和图书管理员，他看到了贵族的惰性、狂热以及追随时髦等陋习。他发表于1688年的《品格论》一书注入了他对泰奥弗拉斯托斯（Theophrastus）的诠释，并以后者的风格写成。这是法国文学上的一部经典着作，是对他周围的空虚和矫情的一种控告。在到1694年的这段日子里，随着对品格的描写和对主题的各种引喻的扩展，《品格论》先后再版了八次。\n\n请问你能给我介绍一下拉布吕耶尔（Jean de La Bruyère）是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！拉布吕耶尔（Jean de La Bruyère，1645-1696年）是一位法国著名的道德家，以其讽刺作品而闻名。他曾担任皇家府第内的家庭教师和图书管理员，因此，他对贵族的一些恶习，如惰性、狂热和追求时髦，有着深刻了解。他最著名的作品是1688年发表的《品格论》（Les Caractères），它吸收了古希腊哲学家泰奥弗拉斯托斯（Theophrastus）的诠释，以其风格为基础而写成。这部作品被认为是法国文学上的经典之作，揭示了他周围环境中的虚伪和做作。" + "拉布吕耶尔（Jean de La Bruyère，1645-1696年）是一位法国著名的道德家，以其讽刺作品而闻名。他曾担任皇家府第内的家庭教师和图书管理员，因此，他对贵族的一些恶习，如惰性、狂热和追求时髦，有着深刻了解。他最著名的作品是1688年发表的《品格论》（Les Caractères），它吸收了古希腊哲学家泰奥弗拉斯托斯（Theophrastus）的诠释，以其风格为基础而写成。这部作品被认为是法国文学上的经典之作，揭示了他周围环境中的虚伪和做作。" ], [ "拉布吕耶尔的《品格论》是如何成为经典的？", @@ -426568,7 +426568,7 @@ "history": [ [ "森巴samba源出巴西的交际舞，1940年代流行于美国和欧洲。伴奏音乐为带切分音节奏的4/4拍。特征为简单的向前向后舞步，身体侧倾，摇摆等。在巴西还有一种更古老的、非洲式森巴舞，这是一种舞者围成圈或排成双行来跳的集体舞。几十年来主导巴西的流行音乐。\n\n你好。我想了解一下森巴舞的历史和起源。根据那段描述，森巴舞起源于巴西，对吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，森巴（Samba）源于巴西，作为一种交际舞发展于20世纪40年代。随后，森巴舞风靡美国和欧洲。起源于巴西的这种舞蹈以其带有切分音节奏的4/4拍伴奏音乐的风格而闻名。其中，简单的向前向后舞步、身体侧倾和摇摆等动作是其显著特征。" + "是的，森巴（Samba）源于巴西，作为一种交际舞发展于20世纪40年代。随后，森巴舞风靡美国和欧洲。起源于巴西的这种舞蹈以其带有切分音节奏的4/4拍伴奏音乐的风格而闻名。其中，简单的向前向后舞步、身体侧倾和摇摆等动作是其显著特征。" ], [ "这种舞蹈有事关非洲的起源吗？我看到在巴西还有一种古老的非洲式森巴舞。", @@ -426730,7 +426730,7 @@ "history": [ [ "权利请愿书1628年Petition of Right由议会向查理一世提出的情愿书，反对其一系列违法法律的行为。该情愿书请求达成四项规定：不得违反议会的规定收取税金；不得随意监禁他人；不得非法屯军；在和平时期不得实行军法。为了继续得到资助，查理一世不得不接受了这些条件，但在后来却再度违反。\n\n请问你能解释一下权利请愿书是什么吗？", - "你好，Human！权利请愿书（Petition of Right），是1628年英国议会向国王查理一世提交的一份情愿书。它旨在反对国王一系列违反法律的行为，并提出四项规定：1. 不得违反议会的规定收取税金；2. 不得随意监禁他人；3. 不得非法屯军；4. 在和平时期不得实行军法。查理一世为了获得议会的资助，不得不接受这些条件，但后来却又再度违反了这些规定。" + "权利请愿书（Petition of Right），是1628年英国议会向国王查理一世提交的一份情愿书。它旨在反对国王一系列违反法律的行为，并提出四项规定：1. 不得违反议会的规定收取税金；2. 不得随意监禁他人；3. 不得非法屯军；4. 在和平时期不得实行军法。查理一世为了获得议会的资助，不得不接受这些条件，但后来却又再度违反了这些规定。" ], [ "为什么查理一世最开始会违法这些规定呢？", @@ -426883,7 +426883,7 @@ "history": [ [ "寡头政治oligarchy由少数人统治的政治形态，尤指由一特权小集团为贪污和自私的目的而行使的专制权力。亚里斯多德用这个词来指少数人统治。是由坏分子不正当地行使。是贵族政治的一种贬低的形式，当统治精英全部来自居统治地位的特权阶级，这些精英趋向于为他们本阶段的利益而行使权力。由于「少数人」的概念太抽象，无法传达太多的讯息。「寡头政治」一词今已成为过时的术语。\n\n根据上面的信息内容，我想要了解更多关于寡头政治的内容。这种政治形态有什么优势和不足？", - "你好，Human！寡头政治是一种由少数人统治的政治形态，尤指一个特权小集团为贪污和自私的目的行使专制权力。当然，它也有一些优势和不足。优势方面，寡头政治可能具有在复杂社会问题和危机时更快速作出决策的能力，因为政治精英可以避免经过漫长的民主程序。然而，它存在许多不足之处，比如可能导致贫富差距加大、滥用权力、侵犯公民权益等。此外，这种政治形态容易产生腐败和权力寻租现象，暴露出统治层追求个人利益的问题。" + "寡头政治是一种由少数人统治的政治形态，尤指一个特权小集团为贪污和自私的目的行使专制权力。当然，它也有一些优势和不足。优势方面，寡头政治可能具有在复杂社会问题和危机时更快速作出决策的能力，因为政治精英可以避免经过漫长的民主程序。然而，它存在许多不足之处，比如可能导致贫富差距加大、滥用权力、侵犯公民权益等。此外，这种政治形态容易产生腐败和权力寻租现象，暴露出统治层追求个人利益的问题。" ], [ "在现实生活中，有哪些国家或地区实行过寡头政治呢？", @@ -427188,7 +427188,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小核糖核酸病毒picornavirus最小的动物病毒（pico意指体积小，rna是核糖核酸的核心）。这组类似球体的病毒包括侵袭脊椎动物肠道的病毒，也经常侵入中央神经系统（如小儿麻痹症病毒），侵入脊椎动物的鼻组织的病毒（鼻病毒）和口蹄疫病毒。\n\n你好，请问你了解什么是小核糖核酸病毒picornavirus吗？", - "你好，Human！小核糖核酸病毒（picornavirus）是一类非常小的动物病毒。Pico 意指体积小，而 RNA 是指病毒的核心遗传物质为核糖核酸。这种病毒的形态类似球体，它潜伏在脊椎动物肠道中，也有些可能侵入中央神经系统，造成如小儿麻痹症等疾病，或者侵然脊椎动物的鼻组织导致鼻病毒感染。此外，口蹄疫病毒也属于 picornavirus 家族。" + "小核糖核酸病毒（picornavirus）是一类非常小的动物病毒。Pico 意指体积小，而 RNA 是指病毒的核心遗传物质为核糖核酸。这种病毒的形态类似球体，它潜伏在脊椎动物肠道中，也有些可能侵入中央神经系统，造成如小儿麻痹症等疾病，或者侵然脊椎动物的鼻组织导致鼻病毒感染。此外，口蹄疫病毒也属于 picornavirus 家族。" ], [ "那么这类病毒是如何侵入中央神经系统的呢？", @@ -427428,7 +427428,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小剧场运动little theater美国在20世纪初的运动中发展起来的实验性戏剧中心的统称。受到19世纪晚期充满活力的欧洲戏剧，尤其是赖恩哈特理论的影响，一些年轻的剧作家、舞台设计师和演员们建立了一些社区剧场，像纽约的小剧场（1912）、芝加哥的小剧场（1912）和波士顿的微型剧场（1912）。有少数几个发展成重要的商业制作场所，比如华盛顿广场演出者（1915）后来成为戏剧公会（1918）。像欧尼尔、考夫曼和安德生等剧作家早期都曾在小剧场里找到他们的机会。\n\n我刚了解到一个关于美国20世纪初的戏剧运动——小剧场运动，请问这个运动与当时欧洲的戏剧有什么关联呢？", - "你好，Human！美国20世纪初的小剧场运动受到了当时充满活力的欧洲戏剧的影响，尤其是赖恩哈特理论。这个理论为当时的美国戏剧创作带来了很多创新的想法，促使一些年轻的剧作家、舞台设计师和演员们建立了一些社区剧场，如纽约的小剧场、芝加哥的小剧场和波士顿的微型剧场。这些小剧场运动中的人才后来都对美国戏剧行业产生了很大的影响。" + "美国20世纪初的小剧场运动受到了当时充满活力的欧洲戏剧的影响，尤其是赖恩哈特理论。这个理论为当时的美国戏剧创作带来了很多创新的想法，促使一些年轻的剧作家、舞台设计师和演员们建立了一些社区剧场，如纽约的小剧场、芝加哥的小剧场和波士顿的微型剧场。这些小剧场运动中的人才后来都对美国戏剧行业产生了很大的影响。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！在这个运动中涌现出了哪些知名的剧作家？", @@ -427446,7 +427446,7 @@ "output": "不客气！如果你还有其他问题或需要帮助，请随时与我联系。祝你早日解决问题！", "history": [ [ - "不育infertility指一对配偶没有怀孕生殖的能力，指未采取避孕措施条件下一年的规律性交而未怀孕的情况。生育（参阅reproductive system, human）的任何一个阶段中有缺陷都会导致不育。每八对夫妻就有一对不育。多数与女性有关，约30～40%是由于男方的关系，10%则原因不明。造成女性不育症的原因包括了排卵或激素的问题、输卵管的疾病和化学平衡对精子不适宜；男性方面，则包括了性无能、精子数低和精子缺陷。若精子在男性或女性体内运行的道路受阻，则在大多数情况下可以手术解决。生育药可刺激排卵（常造成一次排出数卵而引起多胞胎生产）。若男性精子数不足，就要减少性交次数并把性交时间安排在女性最富生育力的时期（即女性排卵期）。配偶还可以经由人工授精、人工受精、义母代孕法或领养等方法得到孩子。\n\n我想了解一下不育的相关信息。", + "不育infertility指一对配偶没有怀孕生殖的能力，指未采取避孕措施条件下一年的规律性交而未怀孕的情况。生育（参阅reproductive system）的任何一个阶段中有缺陷都会导致不育。每八对夫妻就有一对不育。多数与女性有关，约30～40%是由于男方的关系，10%则原因不明。造成女性不育症的原因包括了排卵或激素的问题、输卵管的疾病和化学平衡对精子不适宜；男性方面，则包括了性无能、精子数低和精子缺陷。若精子在男性或女性体内运行的道路受阻，则在大多数情况下可以手术解决。生育药可刺激排卵（常造成一次排出数卵而引起多胞胎生产）。若男性精子数不足，就要减少性交次数并把性交时间安排在女性最富生育力的时期（即女性排卵期）。配偶还可以经由人工授精、人工受精、义母代孕法或领养等方法得到孩子。\n\n我想了解一下不育的相关信息。", "你好，不育指的是一对没有采取避孕措施的夫妇在一年的规律性生活后仍未怀孕的情况。每八对夫妻中就有一对不育。不育可能与男性和女性相关，多数情况下与女性有关，约30～40%是由于男方的关系，还有10%的原因不明。我可以根据你的问题为你提供更多的信息。" ], [ @@ -427497,7 +427497,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尼赫鲁1889～1964年Nehru, Jawaharlal印度独立后的第一任总理（1947～1964）。独立运动提倡者莫提拉尔尼赫鲁1861～1931）之子，尼赫鲁曾受家庭教育和在英国求学，1912年成为律师。由于对政治的兴趣大于法律，他对甘地的印度独立运动印象深刻。他与印度国民大会党的密切关系始于1919年，1929年尼赫鲁当选为该党主席，主持有历史意义的拉合尔会议，宣告印度的政治目标是完全独立而非自治领的地位。1921～1945年间因其政治活动而被捕九次。印度在1935年获得有限度的自治权，但尼赫鲁领导的国大党却不明智地拒绝与一些省份的穆斯林联盟组成联合政府。印度教与穆斯林教之间愈加恶化的关系终导致印度分裂和巴基斯坦建国。就在1948年甘地遭暗杀的短暂时间前，尼赫鲁成为印度独立后的第一任总理。冷战期间他提出不结盟的外交政策，因此当他投入任何阵营时都引来严厉的批评。在其任期内，印度分别与巴基斯坦和中国在喀什米尔和布拉马普得拉河谷发生冲突。他也从葡萄牙人处夺回卧亚。其对内政策为民主、社会主义、现世主义、团结，将现代价值观念融入于印度现况中。在其过世后两年，其女甘地夫人接任印度总理。\n\n请问尼赫鲁是在哪个时期成为印度的领导人？", - "你好，Human！尼赫鲁成为印度独立后的第一任总理，时间是1947年至1964年。他在印度独立后开始担任总理职务，并一直担任至1964年去世。" + "尼赫鲁成为印度独立后的第一任总理，时间是1947年至1964年。他在印度独立后开始担任总理职务，并一直担任至1964年去世。" ], [ "尼赫鲁在参与印度独立运动时，支持了哪个政党？", @@ -427756,7 +427756,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴洛克时期baroque period艺术史上的一个时代，源于17世纪义大利，18世纪在其他各地繁盛。其范围包括绘画、雕刻、建筑、应用艺术和音乐。该词源于葡萄牙语，意为「形状不规则的珍珠」，起初为贬义，长期以来用于描述形形色色的特征，从引人侧目、奇异到过分装饰都有。这一风格被反宗教改革的国家所接受；而天主教会所委制的艺术作品中都公然诉诸情感和感官知觉。这一时期最着名的艺术家有卡拉齐家族、卡拉瓦乔和贝尼尼。巴洛克艺术最宏伟的典范是凡尔赛宫。音乐上的巴洛克时期是从1600年左右到约1750年，其间出现了具有重大意义的新声乐和器乐，如歌剧、神剧、清唱剧、奏鸣曲和协奏曲，杰出的作曲家有蒙特威尔第、巴哈和韩德尔。\n\n请问巴洛克时期源于哪个国家？", - "你好，Human。巴洛克时期起源于17世纪的意大利。后来在18世纪，它的影响扩展到了其他各地并在各个领域繁盛，包括绘画、雕刻、建筑、应用艺术和音乐。" + "巴洛克时期起源于17世纪的意大利。后来在18世纪，它的影响扩展到了其他各地并在各个领域繁盛，包括绘画、雕刻、建筑、应用艺术和音乐。" ], [ "能详细介绍一下巴洛克艺术的特征吗？", @@ -428810,7 +428810,7 @@ "history": [ [ "混沌理论chaos theory在一个复杂的系统中用来描述混沌行为的数学理论。混沌数学有多种多样的应用领域，包括流体的湍流研究、不规则的心搏、人口动力学、化学反应、等离子体物理学以及星团和星群的运动等。\n\n你好，请问你了解混沌理论（Chaos Theory）吗？", - "你好，Human！我非常了解混沌理论。混沌理论是一种数学理论，它在复杂的系统中用来描述混沌行为，这种行为变化极为复杂，且可能由一些很微小的初值变化引起很大的效果。混沌理论在诸多学科中有广泛的应用，比如流体的湍流研究、人类心跳的不规律、人口动力学、化学反应、等离子体物理以及星团和星群的运动等。" + "我非常了解混沌理论。混沌理论是一种数学理论，它在复杂的系统中用来描述混沌行为，这种行为变化极为复杂，且可能由一些很微小的初值变化引起很大的效果。混沌理论在诸多学科中有广泛的应用，比如流体的湍流研究、人类心跳的不规律、人口动力学、化学反应、等离子体物理以及星团和星群的运动等。" ], [ "谢谢。那么，混沌理论在流体湍流研究中具体应用在哪些方面？", @@ -429031,7 +429031,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天体座标celestial coordinates用来定出天体中物体之空间位置的一套数字。使用的座标系包括地平线系统（地平纬度和地平经度）、银道座标、黄道系统（地球轨道面所测得之关系项）、赤道系统（直上和直下，近似地球的纬度与经度）。\n\n“你好，请告诉我天体座标是如何帮助我们定位天空中物体的？”", - "“你好，Human！天体座标是一种用来确定天体中物体空间位置的坐标系统。它主要有四种类型：地平系统（地平纬度和地平经度）、银道系统、黄道系统（地球轨道面的坐标），以及赤道系统（赤纬和赤经，类似地球的纬度和经度）。通过这些坐标系统，我们可以精确地判断天体的位置，并用以观测、研究宇宙中的天体。”" + "“天体座标是一种用来确定天体中物体空间位置的坐标系统。它主要有四种类型：地平系统（地平纬度和地平经度）、银道系统、黄道系统（地球轨道面的坐标），以及赤道系统（赤纬和赤经，类似地球的纬度和经度）。通过这些坐标系统，我们可以精确地判断天体的位置，并用以观测、研究宇宙中的天体。”" ], [ "“谢谢，那能简单介绍一下这四种天体座标的具体用途吗？”", @@ -429046,7 +429046,7 @@ "history": [ [ "多林1904～1983年Dolin, Anton原名Sydney Francis Patrick Chippendall Healey-Kay英国芭蕾舞者、编舞家。1921年加入俄罗斯芭蕾舞团开始他的芭蕾生涯，后成为该舞团的一个独舞舞者。1930年代和1940年代曾协助成立几个芭蕾舞团，1949年与其搭档玛尔科娃成立了玛尔科娃-多林舞蹈团和伦敦节日芭蕾舞团，由他担任艺术总监和首席舞者。曾在《蓝色列车》（1924）、《约伯》（1931）、《青鸟》（1941）创造主要角色。芭蕾创作有《随想曲》（1940）、《浪漫时代》（1942）和《四人变奏舞》（1957）。还写了几本有关舞蹈的书。\n\n请给我简要介绍一下多林，他在芭蕾舞领域取得了哪些成就？", - "你好，Human。多林（Anton Dolin，原名Sydney Francis Patrick Chippendall Healey-Kay）是一位英国著名的芭蕾舞者和编舞家，活跃于1904-1983年。他在1921年加入俄罗斯芭蕾舞团开始了其芭蕾生涯，并后来成为该舞团的独舞舞者。他在1930年代和1940年代参与创建了几个芭蕾舞团，1949年与其搭档玛尔科娃共同创立了玛尔科娃-多林舞蹈团和伦敦节日芭蕾舞团，担任艺术总监和首席舞者。多林同时还创作了一些著名的芭蕾作品，如《随想曲》（1940）、《浪漫时代》（1942）和《四人变奏舞》（1957），并在一些其他作品中扮演过主要角色。此外，他还创作了关于舞蹈的书籍。总之，多林在芭蕾舞领域能有如此多的成就，是因为他不仅在舞台上取得成功，还致力于培养新一代的舞者和丰富芭蕾舞团的演出作品。" + "多林（Anton Dolin，原名Sydney Francis Patrick Chippendall Healey-Kay）是一位英国著名的芭蕾舞者和编舞家，活跃于1904-1983年。他在1921年加入俄罗斯芭蕾舞团开始了其芭蕾生涯，并后来成为该舞团的独舞舞者。他在1930年代和1940年代参与创建了几个芭蕾舞团，1949年与其搭档玛尔科娃共同创立了玛尔科娃-多林舞蹈团和伦敦节日芭蕾舞团，担任艺术总监和首席舞者。多林同时还创作了一些著名的芭蕾作品，如《随想曲》（1940）、《浪漫时代》（1942）和《四人变奏舞》（1957），并在一些其他作品中扮演过主要角色。此外，他还创作了关于舞蹈的书籍。总之，多林在芭蕾舞领域能有如此多的成就，是因为他不仅在舞台上取得成功，还致力于培养新一代的舞者和丰富芭蕾舞团的演出作品。" ], [ "能提供一些关于多林的作品《随想曲》、《浪漫时代》和《四人变奏舞》的详细信息吗？", @@ -429290,7 +429290,7 @@ "history": [ [ "该撒利亚Caesarea现称Horbat Qesari巴勒斯坦古港口和行政中心，位于现在以色列海法南部海岸边。原为古腓尼基殖民地，后由罗马治下的犹太国王希律重建，并以罗马皇帝奥古斯都之名命名，成为海军基地。6世纪时，曾是早期基督教重地，《新约圣经使徒行传》中多次提及该撒利亚。犹太人叛离罗马亦与本地有关。后来在拜占庭帝国、阿拉伯人统治下逐渐衰落，13世纪被拜巴尔斯一世所摧毁。20世纪中叶考古学家发现了一座罗马神殿、圆形剧场、跑马场等罗马时代古蹟，后来还发现罗马碑文。\n\n你好，请问该撒利亚是位于现在的哪个国家？", - "你好，Human！该撒利亚（Caesarea）现称为Horbat Qesari，位于现在的以色列海法南部海岸边。这是一个具有丰富历史的古港口和行政中心。" + "该撒利亚（Caesarea）现称为Horbat Qesari，位于现在的以色列海法南部海岸边。这是一个具有丰富历史的古港口和行政中心。" ], [ "谢谢你。我想了解更多关于该撒利亚的信息，可以请你简要介绍一下它的历史吗？", @@ -429416,11 +429416,11 @@ { "instruction": "太棒了！谢谢你的教导。我会继续学习和了解这方面的知识的。", "input": "", - "output": "你太客气了，Human。很高兴能帮助你了解手印mudra这一有趣的文化现象。如果你在学习过程中有任何问题，请随时向我提问，我会尽力帮助你。祝你学习愉快！", + "output": "你太客气了。很高兴能帮助你了解手印mudra这一有趣的文化现象。如果你在学习过程中有任何问题，请随时向我提问，我会尽力帮助你。祝你学习愉快！", "history": [ [ "手印mudra佛教和印度教名词，指以手和手指作出的有象征意义的姿式，用于典礼、舞蹈、雕塑和绘画。典礼和舞蹈中的手印达数百种之多，涉及的部位不仅有手和手指而且还有腕、肘和肩。在典礼中，特别是佛教典礼中，手印被视作一种印记，表达某种奥秘或法术性的誓词或话语，例如祈求祛灾。手印往往伴有曼怛罗。\n\n我了解到手印mudra是佛教和印度教中用于表示象征意义的手势。能不能请你详细介绍一下手印mudra的历史和起源呢？", - "你好，Human！手印mudra起源于印度，已有数千年的历史。它最早出现在印度古代的典礼、舞蹈、雕塑和绘画中，随着时间推移，逐渐传播到整个印度教和佛教文化圈。手印mudra在宗教信仰中具有重要意义，用于表达诸如祈福、驱邪等神秘力量。此外，通过不同的手势组合以及意象，手印mudra具有丰富的象征意义，可以传达不同的教义和思想。" + "手印mudra起源于印度，已有数千年的历史。它最早出现在印度古代的典礼、舞蹈、雕塑和绘画中，随着时间推移，逐渐传播到整个印度教和佛教文化圈。手印mudra在宗教信仰中具有重要意义，用于表达诸如祈福、驱邪等神秘力量。此外，通过不同的手势组合以及意象，手印mudra具有丰富的象征意义，可以传达不同的教义和思想。" ], [ "能不能给我举一个常见的手印mudra样式，以及它所代表的象征意义？", @@ -429473,7 +429473,7 @@ "history": [ [ "威尔逊1908～1993年Wilson, J(ohn) Tuzo加拿大地质学家和地球物理学家，是加拿大所有大学中第一个地球物理方面的学士（1930）。第二次世界大战后，在多伦多大学任地球物理学教授。1960年代初，在认为各个大陆是固定不动的主张盛行之时，他是复活大陆漂移理论的首要的世界性发言人。以往大陆漂移理论把板块运动设想为或者是运动挨近到一起，或是运动分开，威尔逊提出第三种运动，就是板块相互之间滑动。该理论后来成为板块构造学的基础，后者在1970年代使地球物理学发生了变革。南极一座山脉就是以他的名字命名。\n\n请问在1908年至1993年之间有一位著名的加拿大地质学家和地球物理学家，他是谁？", - "你好，Human！在1908年至1993年期间的著名加拿大地质学家和地球物理学家是John Tuzo Wilson。他在1930年成为加拿大所有大学中第一个地球物理方面的学士，并在第二次世界大战后担任多伦多大学地球物理学教授。他在1960年代初重新提起大陆漂移理论，并提出了板块相互滑动的概念，为后来的板块构造学奠定了基础，极大地推动了地球物理学的发展。" + "在1908年至1993年期间的著名加拿大地质学家和地球物理学家是John Tuzo Wilson。他在1930年成为加拿大所有大学中第一个地球物理方面的学士，并在第二次世界大战后担任多伦多大学地球物理学教授。他在1960年代初重新提起大陆漂移理论，并提出了板块相互滑动的概念，为后来的板块构造学奠定了基础，极大地推动了地球物理学的发展。" ], [ "请问是在什么时期威尔逊提出了复活大陆漂移理论？", @@ -430003,7 +430003,7 @@ "history": [ [ "图尔的圣马丁316?～397年Martin of Tours, St法国的主保圣人。双亲是异教徒，本人十岁时改信基督教。青年时被征入罗马军队，但因军队仪式与其基督教信仰冲突请求解除军籍。曾被逮捕入狱，获释后，住在普瓦捷。后来去在巴尔干半岛传教。后回到普瓦捷，创办高卢的第一座修道院。1371年任图尔主教。他在马尔莫蒂埃（Mormoutier）创办的第二座修道院，是座宏伟的教堂建筑。圣马丁一生被认为是一个创造奇蹟的人。他是第一个不是殉教士而被封圣的人。\n\n你好，请问图尔的圣马丁是何时生活的？", - "你好，Human！图尔的圣马丁生活在316年至397年之间。他是一位法国的主保圣人，拥有丰富的人生经历和传教成就。" + "图尔的圣马丁生活在316年至397年之间。他是一位法国的主保圣人，拥有丰富的人生经历和传教成就。" ], [ "请告诉我关于圣马丁信仰背景的更多信息。", @@ -430228,7 +430228,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蒲安臣1820～1870年Burlingame, Anson美国外交官，生于纽约州的新柏林。1855～1861年为众议院议员，代表一无所知党，曾参与建立美国共和党。1861～1867年任美国驻华公使，任内推动西方列强与中国合作的政策。1861年中国政府指派他为全权大使，负责中国的国际关系。他签订了「中美续增条约」（即「蒲安臣条约」），规定了最惠国条款，而不排除禁止华人加入美籍的禁令。\n\n你好，上面这段文字主要讲了哪位历史人物？他在中美两国有哪些影响？", - "你好，Human。这段文字主要介绍了蒲安臣（Anson Burlingame）。他是一位美国外交官，生于纽约州的新柏林。在中美双方的交往中，蒲安臣曾担任美国驻华公使，并推动西方列强与中国的合作政策。他还受中国政府委任为全权大使，负责中国的国际关系，签订了中美续增条约（蒲安臣条约）。" + "这段文字主要介绍了蒲安臣（Anson Burlingame）。他是一位美国外交官，生于纽约州的新柏林。在中美双方的交往中，蒲安臣曾担任美国驻华公使，并推动西方列强与中国的合作政策。他还受中国政府委任为全权大使，负责中国的国际关系，签订了中美续增条约（蒲安臣条约）。" ], [ "能否详细谈谈蒲安臣在美国政治生涯方面的经历？", @@ -430361,7 +430361,7 @@ "history": [ [ "一千零一夜Thousand and One Nights, The亦称《天方夜谭》（The Arabian Nights'entertainment）阿拉伯语作Alf Laylah Wa Laylah东方故事集，年代与作者不详。其所采用的框形结构故事样式可能源自印度。故事中的国王每天娶一女子为妻然后将她杀死，但聪明的山鲁佐德挫败了国王的复仇心理。山鲁佐德用来诱劝国王并最终使国王不再想要杀死她的故事，分别源自印度、伊朗、伊拉克、埃及和土耳其，有的可能来自希腊。现在人们普遍认为这些故事是将原先口头流传了数百年的传说收集整理而成的。18世纪欧洲的一个翻译本是已知最早出版发行的版本。柏顿爵士译的《一千零一夜故事》（1885～1888）是最着名的英译本。\n\n你好，请问你知道《一千零一夜》这部故事集的背景和来历吗？", - "你好，Human！《一千零一夜》又称《天方夜谭》（The Arabian Nights'entertainment），是一部年代与作者不详的东方故事集。这部作品采用的框架式故事结构可能起源于印度。这些故事中讲述了关于一位国王，他每天都会娶一名女子为妻，然后在第二天将她杀死。但一位聪明的女子山鲁佐德成功地挫败了国王的复仇。山鲁佐德通过讲述各种来源于印度、伊朗、伊拉克、埃及和土耳其的故事来吸引国王，最终使他放弃了继续杀死她的想法。现今人们普遍认为这些故事是通过将口头流传了数百年的传说收集整理而成的。18世纪欧洲的一个翻译本是已知最早出版发行的版本。柏顿爵士译的《一千零一夜故事》（1885～1888）是最著名的英译本。" + "《一千零一夜》又称《天方夜谭》（The Arabian Nights'entertainment），是一部年代与作者不详的东方故事集。这部作品采用的框架式故事结构可能起源于印度。这些故事中讲述了关于一位国王，他每天都会娶一名女子为妻，然后在第二天将她杀死。但一位聪明的女子山鲁佐德成功地挫败了国王的复仇。山鲁佐德通过讲述各种来源于印度、伊朗、伊拉克、埃及和土耳其的故事来吸引国王，最终使他放弃了继续杀死她的想法。现今人们普遍认为这些故事是通过将口头流传了数百年的传说收集整理而成的。18世纪欧洲的一个翻译本是已知最早出版发行的版本。柏顿爵士译的《一千零一夜故事》（1885～1888）是最著名的英译本。" ], [ "请给我介绍一下这个故事集中的框架式故事结构是如何运作的？", @@ -430407,7 +430407,7 @@ "history": [ [ "元语言metalanguage语言和逻辑学中，分析或描述对象语言（用于谈论世界上事物的普通语言）的句子和构成时所使用的语言。元语言的概念是从20世纪的逻辑实证论者塔斯基（A Tarski, 1902～1983）和卡纳普发展而来的。\n\n你好，请问元语言是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！元语言（metalanguage）是指在语言和逻辑学中，用于分析或描述对象语言的语言。对象语言通常是指那些用于谈论世界上事物的普通语言。元语言这个概念是从20世纪的逻辑实证论者塔斯基（A Tarski, 1902～1983）和卡纳普发展而来的。简而言之，元语言是描述和解释对象语言的一种更高级的语言。" + "元语言（metalanguage）是指在语言和逻辑学中，用于分析或描述对象语言的语言。对象语言通常是指那些用于谈论世界上事物的普通语言。元语言这个概念是从20世纪的逻辑实证论者塔斯基（A Tarski, 1902～1983）和卡纳普发展而来的。简而言之，元语言是描述和解释对象语言的一种更高级的语言。" ], [ "能举例说明一下元语言和对象语言之间的关系吗？", @@ -430653,7 +430653,7 @@ "history": [ [ "亨伯河口湾Humber Estuary亦称亨伯河（Humber River）。古称Abus英格兰东海岸北海的河口海湾。由乌斯河与特伦特河汇流而成，长64公里，河口处宽逾11公里。1981年修建的亨伯桥是世界上最长的悬索桥之一（主跨度1,410公尺），主要用于促进河口两岸的经济发展。沿岸有赫尔等几个主要港口。\n\n请问，亨伯河口湾是在哪个国家？", - "你好，Human。亨伯河口湾（Humber Estuary）位于英格兰东海岸的北海，又称亨伯河。它是英国的一个地理区域。" + "亨伯河口湾（Humber Estuary）位于英格兰东海岸的北海，又称亨伯河。它是英国的一个地理区域。" ], [ "能否介绍一下亨伯河（Humber River）的源头？", @@ -430813,7 +430813,7 @@ "history": [ [ "帕拉修斯Parrhasius亦作Parrhasios活动时期西元前5世纪希腊画家。出生于以弗所（今土耳其），后来定居雅典。他被古代评论家誉为线条图大师。曾尝试将脸部因心理及情绪作用而呈现的变化逼真的表现出来。他的许多木版画和羊皮纸画被后世画家认为具有高度的研究价值。他的特修斯画像使罗马卡皮托神庙增光不少，其他作品主要是神话场面。其画作均佚失，无留存者。\n\n请问帕拉修斯是哪个时期的画家，他的作品有哪些特点？", - "你好，Human！帕拉修斯（Parrhasius）是公元前5世纪的希腊画家。他的作品有以下几个特点:\n1. 被誉为线条图大师，他的线条细腻精致。\n2. 尝试将脸部因心理和情绪作用而呈现的变化逼真地表现出来。\n3. 他的木版画和羊皮纸画被后世画家认为具有高度的研究价值。\n\n这些特点使得帕拉修斯的画作在当时和后世都受到高度认可和赞誉。但遗憾的是，他的作品已全部佚失，无留存者。" + "帕拉修斯（Parrhasius）是公元前5世纪的希腊画家。他的作品有以下几个特点:\n1. 被誉为线条图大师，他的线条细腻精致。\n2. 尝试将脸部因心理和情绪作用而呈现的变化逼真地表现出来。\n3. 他的木版画和羊皮纸画被后世画家认为具有高度的研究价值。\n\n这些特点使得帕拉修斯的画作在当时和后世都受到高度认可和赞誉。但遗憾的是，他的作品已全部佚失，无留存者。" ], [ "那么帕拉修斯是哪里人，后来在哪里生活工作呢？", @@ -431482,7 +431482,7 @@ "history": [ [ "迈蒙1754?～1800年Maimon, Salomon原名Salomon ben Joshua波兰犹太哲学家。年轻时致力于希伯来文和拉比的学习，后因崇敬迈蒙尼德（M Maimonides）而改名迈蒙。他对迈蒙尼德作品的非正统阐释，引起其他犹太人不满，二十五岁时离开波兰，以学者和家庭教师身分环游欧洲。他为强调纯粹思想的怀疑主义者，最有名的着作是《寻找先验哲学》（1790）。他还曾批判康德的哲学。其他着作有《哲学辞典》（1791）、《人类精神批评研究》（1797）。\n\n请问谁是迈蒙？", - "你好，Human！迈蒙（Salomon Maimon，1754-1800年），原名Salomon ben Joshua，是一位波兰犹太哲学家。他年轻时主要研究希伯来文和拉比的学习。后来，因为他很崇敬迈蒙尼德（Maimonides）这位著名犹太哲学家，所以改名为迈蒙。他的非正统阐释迈蒙尼德的作品引起了其他犹太人的不满，所以25岁时离开了波兰，以学者和家庭教师的身份在欧洲四处游学。" + "迈蒙（Salomon Maimon，1754-1800年），原名Salomon ben Joshua，是一位波兰犹太哲学家。他年轻时主要研究希伯来文和拉比的学习。后来，因为他很崇敬迈蒙尼德（Maimonides）这位著名犹太哲学家，所以改名为迈蒙。他的非正统阐释迈蒙尼德的作品引起了其他犹太人的不满，所以25岁时离开了波兰，以学者和家庭教师的身份在欧洲四处游学。" ], [ "他是什么样的哲学家？", @@ -432157,7 +432157,7 @@ "history": [ [ "道奇1831～1905年Dodge, Mary Mapes原名Mary Elizabeth Mapes美国儿童读物作家。由于丈夫猝亡，为维持生计，开始撰写儿童故事。第一个集子《阿文顿故事》（1864）描写美洲殖民地的家庭生活。翌年，儿童文学的经典作品《汉斯布林克，又名银冰鞋》问世。1873年受聘为儿童杂志《圣尼古拉》的编辑。由于她在文学和道德方面严格要求，《圣尼古拉》杂志吸引了一批当代着名作家，如马克吐温、奥尔科特、史蒂文生（R L Stevenson）和吉卜林。\n\n你好，请问道奇（Mary Mapes Dodge）是在哪个时期成为作家的？", - "你好，Human！道奇（Mary Mapes Dodge）成为作家的时期是在19世纪中期。当她的丈夫猝亡之后，为了维持生计，她开始撰写儿童故事。道奇的第一个作品集是《阿文顿故事》，它发表于1864年。所以，道奇成为作家的时间可以追溯到1860年代。" + "道奇（Mary Mapes Dodge）成为作家的时期是在19世纪中期。当她的丈夫猝亡之后，为了维持生计，她开始撰写儿童故事。道奇的第一个作品集是《阿文顿故事》，它发表于1864年。所以，道奇成为作家的时间可以追溯到1860年代。" ], [ "请告诉我道奇的名作《汉斯布林克，又名银冰鞋》是在什么时候出版的？", @@ -432451,7 +432451,7 @@ "history": [ [ "四国Shikoku日本四主岛中最小的岛。位于本州南部，九州东部。面积18,292平方公里，大部为山地。人口集中在沿海城市区。稻米、大麦、小麦和柑橘为岛上主要农作物。工业包括石油、纺织、造纸和渔业。人口4,195,000（1990）。\n\n请问日本的四国（Shikoku）是个什么样的地方？", - "你好，Human！日本的四国（Shikoku）是日本四大主岛中最小的一个，位于本州南部和九州东部。它的面积为18,292平方公里，大部分地形为山地。四国的人口主要集中在沿海的城市区。这个地区的农业生产主要有稻米、大麦、小麦和柑橘等农作物。而四国的工业方面主要涉及石油、纺织、造纸和渔业等产业。根据1990年的数据，四国的人口为4,195,000人。" + "日本的四国（Shikoku）是日本四大主岛中最小的一个，位于本州南部和九州东部。它的面积为18,292平方公里，大部分地形为山地。四国的人口主要集中在沿海的城市区。这个地区的农业生产主要有稻米、大麦、小麦和柑橘等农作物。而四国的工业方面主要涉及石油、纺织、造纸和渔业等产业。根据1990年的数据，四国的人口为4,195,000人。" ], [ "能否告诉我四国的主要城市？", @@ -432565,7 +432565,7 @@ "history": [ [ "厦谷文化国家历史公园Chaco Culture National Historical Park美国新墨西哥州西北部国家保护区。建于1907年，1980年改今名。面积137平方公里。内有哥伦布到达前印第安人遗迹十三处和反映全盛时期普韦布洛文化的三百多处较小考古场地。最大和发掘最完整的为西元10世纪印第安建筑「普韦布洛博尼托」，有约八百个房间和三十二个地下厅室。\n\n你好。请问厦谷文化国家历史公园位于哪个国家？", - "你好，Human。厦谷文化国家历史公园位于美国新墨西哥州的西北部。这个国家保护区是一个重要的历史遗址，内有许多哥伦布到达前的印第安人遗迹。" + "厦谷文化国家历史公园位于美国新墨西哥州的西北部。这个国家保护区是一个重要的历史遗址，内有许多哥伦布到达前的印第安人遗迹。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。能否给我简要介绍一下普韦布洛博尼托这个地方？", @@ -432775,11 +432775,11 @@ { "instruction": "好的，谢谢你详细的解释！这些信息对我很有帮助。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能帮助你理解惯性的概念及其在生活中的应用。如果你还有其他问题或需要进一步的解释，请随时提问！", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能帮助你理解惯性的概念及其在生活中的应用。如果你还有其他问题或需要进一步的解释，请随时提问！", "history": [ [ "惯性inertia物体的一种本性，表现在对抗可能改变它的运动的任何一种力。静止或运动着的物体都会对抗可能产生加速度的力。物体的惯性有两种测量方法：一是用它的质量，质量决定着物体对力的作用的阻抗；一是用物体对指定轴的转动惯量，它决定着物体对同一轴上的力矩作用的阻抗。\n\n根据我了解到的关于惯性的概念，能帮我解释一下物体的惯性是如何影响其运动状态的吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。物体的惯性表现为物体对抗任何可能改变其运动状态的力。在实际情况中，一个具有较大质量的物体通常具有较大的惯性，因此需要较大的力才能改变其运动状态。质量与物体对力的阻抗直接相关，即阻力越大，质量也就越大。物体的运动状态由其速度决定，速度是一个矢量，包含大小和方向。当一个物体受到外力时，根据牛顿第二定律，物体会产生加速度（F=ma），加速度会改变物体的速度，从而改变其运动状态。" + "当然可以。物体的惯性表现为物体对抗任何可能改变其运动状态的力。在实际情况中，一个具有较大质量的物体通常具有较大的惯性，因此需要较大的力才能改变其运动状态。质量与物体对力的阻抗直接相关，即阻力越大，质量也就越大。物体的运动状态由其速度决定，速度是一个矢量，包含大小和方向。当一个物体受到外力时，根据牛顿第二定律，物体会产生加速度（F=ma），加速度会改变物体的速度，从而改变其运动状态。" ], [ "那么物体的转动惯量是如何影响物体的旋转运动的呢？", @@ -433835,7 +433835,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黑脸歌舞秀minstrel show在十九世纪和二十世纪早期流行于美国的娱乐表演形式。十九世纪三十年代由走红的白人艺人莱斯，一般称他为「吉姆克劳」首创。他戴着一种称作「黑脸」的固定面具模仿美国黑人表演滑稽歌舞。1840～1880年这种白人黑脸歌唱团在美国和英国特别受到欢迎，其中包括克利斯蒂黑脸歌唱团，他们在百老汇表演达十年之久，并有佛斯特为他们创作歌曲。美国南北战争之后仍有黑脸歌唱团的表演。这种演出以合唱开场，然后是发问者和巧辩演员之间不断表演笑话，中间穿插民歌、滑稽歌曲和乐器演奏（通常是班卓琴和小提琴），还有个人特色表演、踢踏舞和特别节目。两个巧辩演员，一个是耍铃鼓的塔米巴先生，另一个是敲响板的博尼斯先生。\n\n你好，请告诉我关于十九世纪和二十世纪早期的黑脸歌舞秀，它是怎么兴起的？", - "你好，Human。黑脸歌舞秀（minstrel show）兴起于19世纪30年代，起初由一位名叫莱斯的白人艺人创立。他被称为“吉姆克劳”，通过戴着一种称作“黑脸”的固定面具来模仿美国黑人表演滑稽歌舞。随后，这种表演形式逐渐在美国和英国流行起来。" + "黑脸歌舞秀（minstrel show）兴起于19世纪30年代，起初由一位名叫莱斯的白人艺人创立。他被称为“吉姆克劳”，通过戴着一种称作“黑脸”的固定面具来模仿美国黑人表演滑稽歌舞。随后，这种表演形式逐渐在美国和英国流行起来。" ], [ "在黑脸歌舞秀的黄金时代，有哪些著名的表演团体？", @@ -433990,7 +433990,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿里昂Arion希腊半传奇性的诗人和乐师。生长于莱斯沃斯岛的美图姆那（Methymna），据说他创作了酒神赞歌（dithyramb）。他在完成一趟巡回表演之后，乘船返航。他的财富引起水手们的觊觎，决心谋财害命。阿里昂临死前要求水手们让他唱一首挽歌，然后再跳海，但他并未淹死，而被一只让音乐陶醉了的海豚救起。结果他先于他的船回到了科林斯，他的友人即科林斯的僭主佩里安德用计使水手招认罪行，并惩罚了他们。阿里昂的竖琴和海豚则变成了星座。\n\n你好，请问阿里昂是谁？", - "你好，Human！阿里昂是希腊半传奇性的诗人和乐师，他生长于莱斯沃斯岛的美图姆那（Methymna）。据说，阿里昂创作了酒神赞歌（dithyramb），他因此而闻名。" + "阿里昂是希腊半传奇性的诗人和乐师，他生长于莱斯沃斯岛的美图姆那（Methymna）。据说，阿里昂创作了酒神赞歌（dithyramb），他因此而闻名。" ], [ "关于阿里昂的故事有哪些传说？", @@ -434203,7 +434203,7 @@ "history": [ [ "工具tool通过切割、修剪、敲击、擦拭、磨、压榨、测量或其他方法，将材料改变为另一种物件的工具。手持工具是指传统人力操作的小型工具，而机床则是使用动力驱动将木头或金属等物质加以切割或成型者。工具是人类用来控制并利用其周围环境的基本器具。\n\n请问什么是手持工具和机床？", - "你好Human！手持工具是指人力操作的那些小型工具，如锤子、刀具、钻子等。它们主要依赖人的力量来完成对材料的切割、修剪、敲击、擦拭、磨等操作。而机床则是使用动力驱动的设备，它可以对木头、金属等物质进行更加精细和高效的切割、成型等操作。总的来说，这两种工具的核心区别在于手持工具需要人力操作，而机床则依赖于电力或其他动力驱动来完成更为复杂的操作。" + "手持工具是指人力操作的那些小型工具，如锤子、刀具、钻子等。它们主要依赖人的力量来完成对材料的切割、修剪、敲击、擦拭、磨等操作。而机床则是使用动力驱动的设备，它可以对木头、金属等物质进行更加精细和高效的切割、成型等操作。总的来说，这两种工具的核心区别在于手持工具需要人力操作，而机床则依赖于电力或其他动力驱动来完成更为复杂的操作。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释！那么人类一直在制作和使用工具吗？它们是如何随着时间发展的？", @@ -434523,7 +434523,7 @@ "history": [ [ "两项运动biathlon冬季体育运动，包括越野滑雪和步枪射击。起源于斯堪的那维亚的狩猎活动。1960年首次列为冬季奥运会正式比赛项目。运动员要进行20公里的越野滑雪，携带单发步枪和子弹，分别在四个点上向小型射靶射击五次。1968和1980年又分别增加接力滑雪和10公里滑雪两项比赛。\n\n请问你了解冬季两项运动（biathlon）吗？", - "你好，Human！我了解冬季两项运动。它是一项结合了越野滑雪和步枪射击的冬季体育运动，起源于斯堪的那维亚的狩猎活动。从1960年起，冬季两项成为冬季奥运会的正式比赛项目。运动员需要进行20公里的越野滑雪，携带单发步枪和子弹，在四个点上向小型射靶射击五次。1968年和1980年又分别增加接力滑雪和10公里滑雪两项比赛。如需了解更多相关信息，欢迎随时提问！" + "我了解冬季两项运动。它是一项结合了越野滑雪和步枪射击的冬季体育运动，起源于斯堪的那维亚的狩猎活动。从1960年起，冬季两项成为冬季奥运会的正式比赛项目。运动员需要进行20公里的越野滑雪，携带单发步枪和子弹，在四个点上向小型射靶射击五次。1968年和1980年又分别增加接力滑雪和10公里滑雪两项比赛。如需了解更多相关信息，欢迎随时提问！" ], [ "太棒了！能否详细解释一下它的起源及发展呢？", @@ -434638,7 +434638,7 @@ "history": [ [ "埃斯特雷马杜拉Extremadura亦作Estremadura西班牙中西部的一个自治地区和历史区，人口约1,070,000（1996）。范围包括本国西南部卡塞雷斯（Cáceres）和巴达霍斯（Badajoz）两省。面积16,063平方哩（41,602平方公里）。首府为梅里达（Mérida）。基督徒再度征服伊比利半岛（Iberian Peninsula）时，将摩尔人领土的外围地区命名为埃斯特雷马杜拉。自中世纪后期该地名被用来指大致为现代地区的区域。乡村地区仍划分为可耕地（大片地区），小麦、葡萄和橄榄为重要的谷物。\n\n我想了解一下埃斯特雷马杜拉这个地区，这个地区在西班牙的什么位置？", - "你好，Human！埃斯特雷马杜拉（Extremadura，亦作Estremadura）位于西班牙的中西部。它是一个自治地区兼历史区，包括卡塞雷斯（Cáceres）和巴达霍斯（Badajoz）两个省。这个地区位于西班牙的西南部地域。" + "埃斯特雷马杜拉（Extremadura，亦作Estremadura）位于西班牙的中西部。它是一个自治地区兼历史区，包括卡塞雷斯（Cáceres）和巴达霍斯（Badajoz）两个省。这个地区位于西班牙的西南部地域。" ], [ "埃斯特雷马杜拉的历史背景是怎么样的？", @@ -435050,7 +435050,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣事sacrament宗教的活动或象征仪式，被认为神圣的力量是透过其中的物质要素或仪式表演来传达。这种概念源自古代，史前人类相信神圣的力量可以经由仪式的表演有益地影响自然界中之事物，如天气形态。在现代宗教中，圣事主要与基督教有关，而且据说是来自耶稣所制定的几种仪式，如洗礼、洗脚及驱除魔鬼。由托马斯阿奎那编成法典，再由特伦托会议颁布的天主教圣事共有七项，即洗礼、坚振礼、圣餐、补赎、终傅、授圣职礼和婚配。亦请参阅samskara。\n\n你好！我想了解一下圣事是什么，以及它在宗教中扮演了什么样的角色？", - "你好，Human！圣事是宗教活动或象征仪式，认为神圣的力量通过其中的物质要素或仪式表演来传达。这种概念源自古代，史前人类相信神圣的力量通过仪式的表演可以有益地影响自然界中的事物，如天气形态。在现代宗教中，圣事主要和基督教有关，据说是来自耶稣所制定的几种仪式，如洗礼、洗脚及驱魔。天主教圣事共有七项，包括洗礼、坚振礼、圣餐、补赎、终傅、授圣职礼和婚配，这些都是由托马斯阿奎那编成法典，然后由特伦托会议颁布的。" + "圣事是宗教活动或象征仪式，认为神圣的力量通过其中的物质要素或仪式表演来传达。这种概念源自古代，史前人类相信神圣的力量通过仪式的表演可以有益地影响自然界中的事物，如天气形态。在现代宗教中，圣事主要和基督教有关，据说是来自耶稣所制定的几种仪式，如洗礼、洗脚及驱魔。天主教圣事共有七项，包括洗礼、坚振礼、圣餐、补赎、终傅、授圣职礼和婚配，这些都是由托马斯阿奎那编成法典，然后由特伦托会议颁布的。" ] ] }, @@ -435084,7 +435084,7 @@ "history": [ [ "韦斯摩勒1904～1984年Weissmuller, Johnny原名Peter John Weissmuller美国自由式游泳运动员和演员。在芝加哥大学学习，并成为游泳冠军选手。总共获得五面奥运金牌（1924年三面，1928年两面），并创下六十七项世界记录。后来更成为一着名的演员，在十二部影片中饰演泰山（1932～1948）。还为电影和电视创造了漫画人物丛林吉姆的角色。\n\n你好，请问你知道韦斯摩勒是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！韦斯摩勒（1904-1984年），原名Peter John Weissmuller，是一位美国自由式游泳运动员和演员。他在芝加哥大学学习并成为了游泳冠军选手。他总共获得了五面奥运金牌，其中1924年获得三面，1928年获得两面，并创下了67项世界纪录。后来他成为一位着名的演员，在十二部影片中饰演泰山（1932-1948年）。他还为电影和电视创造了漫画人物丛林吉姆的角色。" + "韦斯摩勒（1904-1984年），原名Peter John Weissmuller，是一位美国自由式游泳运动员和演员。他在芝加哥大学学习并成为了游泳冠军选手。他总共获得了五面奥运金牌，其中1924年获得三面，1928年获得两面，并创下了67项世界纪录。后来他成为一位着名的演员，在十二部影片中饰演泰山（1932-1948年）。他还为电影和电视创造了漫画人物丛林吉姆的角色。" ], [ "韦斯摩勒所创下的世界纪录是在什么项目上？", @@ -435461,7 +435461,7 @@ "history": [ [ "葡萄根瘤蚜grape phylloxera同翅目一种黄绿色小昆虫，学名为Phylloxera vitifoliae。严重危害欧洲和美国西部的葡萄，吮吸葡萄藤的汁液，在叶上形成虫瘿，在根上形成小瘤，最终植株腐烂。19世纪中期从美国东部传到欧洲，在二十五年内几乎摧毁了法国、义大利、德国的葡萄和酿酒业。后来把欧洲葡萄植株嫁接在美国土生抗蚜品种上，才挽救了葡萄园。也可用杂交法和熏蒸剂来防治。\n\n你能给我解释一下葡萄根瘤蚜grape phylloxera这种昆虫有什么特点吗？", - "你好，Human！葡萄根瘤蚜grape phylloxera学名为Phylloxera vitifoliae，它是一种黄绿色的小昆虫，属于同翅目。这种昆虫给葡萄产业造成了严重的危害，它们会吮吸葡萄藤的汁液，在叶上形成虫瘿，在根上形成小瘤，最终导致植株腐烂。它已经严重影响了欧洲和美国西部的葡萄产业。" + "葡萄根瘤蚜grape phylloxera学名为Phylloxera vitifoliae，它是一种黄绿色的小昆虫，属于同翅目。这种昆虫给葡萄产业造成了严重的危害，它们会吮吸葡萄藤的汁液，在叶上形成虫瘿，在根上形成小瘤，最终导致植株腐烂。它已经严重影响了欧洲和美国西部的葡萄产业。" ], [ "葡萄根瘤蚜是如何摧毁欧洲的葡萄产业的？", @@ -435758,7 +435758,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瓦萨列里1908～1997年Vasarely, Victor原名Viktor Vásárhelyi匈牙利裔法籍画家。为欧普艺术运动的主要人物之一。曾在布达佩斯接受艺术教育。1930年定居巴黎。1940年代，他利用生动的几何形和互相掩映的色彩形成自己的风格。1950年代中期和1960年代，他的作品利用人对形状和色彩的错觉达到引起动势感的效果。\n\n请问维克多·瓦萨列里是哪个国家的画家？", - "你好，Human! 维克多·瓦萨列里（Victor Vasarely）原名Viktor Vásárhelyi，是匈牙利裔法籍画家。他出生在匈牙利，后来定居于法国巴黎。所以他是匈牙利裔的法国画家。" + "维克多·瓦萨列里（Victor Vasarely）原名Viktor Vásárhelyi，是匈牙利裔法籍画家。他出生在匈牙利，后来定居于法国巴黎。所以他是匈牙利裔的法国画家。" ], [ "谢谢解答。那么他在哪里接受的艺术教育呢？", @@ -436079,7 +436079,7 @@ "history": [ [ "象征主义运动Symbolist movement19世纪末叶一群法国诗人发起并扩展到绘画与戏剧的文学艺术运动，影响了20世纪的俄罗斯、欧洲和美洲的文学。象征主义的艺术家们竭力通过细致入微地、富有暗示性地运用高度象征化的语言去表达个人的感情经验，反对在传统法国诗歌中严格的陈规旧套，如高蹈派诗歌中的精确描绘所显示的那样。具有神秘意味和间接意义的符号语言被运用起来以替代日益削弱的具有概括性和普遍性意义的语言。主要的象征派诗人有：马拉美（S Mallarme）、魏伦（P Verlaine）、兰波（A Rimbaud）和维尔哈伦（E Verhaeren）。许多象征主义者也被认为与颓废派运动相联系。正如象征主义画家青睐于幻想与想像力的运用而避免写实性的表达，象征派的剧作家依靠神话、情绪与气氛的渲染来间接地、仅仅是间接地揭示生存的深层意义。\n\n请问象征主义运动是什么时候开始的？", - "你好，Human！象征主义运动开始于19世纪末叶。这场运动起源于法国，由一群诗人发起，并很快发展成为涵盖绘画和戏剧的广泛文学艺术运动。该运动对20世纪的俄罗斯、欧洲和美洲文学产生了深远影响。" + "象征主义运动开始于19世纪末叶。这场运动起源于法国，由一群诗人发起，并很快发展成为涵盖绘画和戏剧的广泛文学艺术运动。该运动对20世纪的俄罗斯、欧洲和美洲文学产生了深远影响。" ], [ "谢谢。那么，象征主义运动的核心目标是什么？", @@ -436414,7 +436414,7 @@ "history": [ [ "东布罗夫斯卡1889～1965年Dabrowska, Maria亦作Maria Dombrowska婚前名Marja Szumska波兰女作家和文学评论家。早年曾在欧洲各国生活和读书。以描写近代波兰的宏伟记事小说《黑夜与白昼》（Nights and Days，4卷；1932～1934）知名，该书描述一个家庭故事，主题在易变的环境中人的发展潜力。她还出版过四部短篇小说，几本剧作、随笔（包括一系列评论康拉德〔Joseph Conrad〕的文章），以及翻译作品（包括丕普斯〔Samuel Pepys〕的日记）。一生积极参与政治、社会事务，虽曾抗议共产党政府的审查制度，但死后受到国葬的礼遇。\n\n你好，请问波兰女作家Maria Dabrowska在哪些年代生活过？", - "你好，Human！Maria Dabrowska生活在1889年至1965年之间，她是波兰的一位著名女作家和文学评论家。" + "Maria Dabrowska生活在1889年至1965年之间，她是波兰的一位著名女作家和文学评论家。" ], [ "谢谢！Maria Dabrowska的代表作有哪些？", @@ -436521,7 +436521,7 @@ "history": [ [ "按班；谙版；昂邦amban（满语意为「大臣」〔minister〕）中国清朝皇帝派驻附庸国或属国的代表。1793年清朝干隆皇帝改变了选择达赖喇嘛的程序，西藏人必须说服按班相信他们已遵照规定来做。1904年英国试图迫使西藏签订一份贸易协定时，按班说他没有权力代表西藏来谈判，让人质疑究竟中国对西藏的控制程度。按班的作用和权威问题在中国政府和拥护西藏独立者之间继续有争论，他们试图支持自己对西藏地位的互相冲突的要求。\n\n请问按班（Amban）这个词的含义是什么？", - "你好，Human。按班是满语的词汇，意为“大臣”或“minister”。在中国清朝时期，皇帝会派遣按班作为代表，驻扎在附庸国或属国。他们主要负责在当地维护清朝的利益以及作为中央和地方政府之间的纽带。" + "按班是满语的词汇，意为“大臣”或“minister”。在中国清朝时期，皇帝会派遣按班作为代表，驻扎在附庸国或属国。他们主要负责在当地维护清朝的利益以及作为中央和地方政府之间的纽带。" ], [ "按班制度在达赖喇嘛的选择方面有什么具体作用？", @@ -436872,7 +436872,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯特兰德1934年～Strand, Mark加拿大出生的美国诗人和短篇小说家。在美国接受教育，后在多所大学任教。受拉丁美洲超现实主义和卡夫卡等欧洲作家影响，他的诗歌以极限主义触感和象征性意象着名。诗集包括《睁一只眼睡觉》（1964）、《我们的生活故事》（1973）、《一场暴风雪》（1998）、足足一本书长的长诗《黑暗港口》（1993）以及《贝比夫妇和其他故事》（1985）等。1990年获美国桂冠诗人称号。\n\n你好，请告诉我一下Mark Strand这个诗人的基本信息。", - "你好，Human。Mark Strand是一位加拿大出生的美国诗人和短篇小说家，他于1934年出生。在美国接受教育后，他在多所大学担任教职。受拉丁美洲超现实主义和卡夫卡等欧洲作家的影响，他的诗歌以极限主义触感和象征性意象为特点。他的诗集包括《睁一只眼睡觉》（1964）、《我们的生活故事》（1973）、《一场暴风雪》（1998）、长诗《黑暗港口》（1993）以及《贝比夫妇和其他故事》（1985）等。他曾在1990年获得美国桂冠诗人称号。希望这些信息对你有所帮助。" + "Mark Strand是一位加拿大出生的美国诗人和短篇小说家，他于1934年出生。在美国接受教育后，他在多所大学担任教职。受拉丁美洲超现实主义和卡夫卡等欧洲作家的影响，他的诗歌以极限主义触感和象征性意象为特点。他的诗集包括《睁一只眼睡觉》（1964）、《我们的生活故事》（1973）、《一场暴风雪》（1998）、长诗《黑暗港口》（1993）以及《贝比夫妇和其他故事》（1985）等。他曾在1990年获得美国桂冠诗人称号。希望这些信息对你有所帮助。" ], [ "请问Mark Strand的写作风格和特点是什么？", @@ -437036,7 +437036,7 @@ "history": [ [ "塔特林1885～1953年Tatlin, Vladimir (Yevgrafovich)乌克兰雕刻家和画家。1914年塔特林赴巴黎参观后，成为一个莫斯科艺术家团体的领袖，他所领导的艺术家寻求将工程技术运用于雕刻创作中，并由此发展形成构成主义运动。塔特林是最早在抽象雕刻建筑中使用铁板、玻璃、木材和线材等材料的先驱。受苏联政府的委托，塔特林完成了着名作品第三国际纪念碑，这是第一件完全以抽象概念构思形成的作品，其设计高度超过400公尺，是世界上设计高度最高的建筑物。该建筑物的模型于1920年在苏维埃代表大会上展出，但由于当时政府对抽象艺术持否定态度，致使该建造计画没有实施。1933年以后，塔特林一直从事舞台设计工作。\n\n请问一下塔特林是不是乌克兰的一位雕刻家和画家？", - "你好，Human！是的，塔特林（Vladimir Yevgrafovich Tatlin）是一位来自乌克兰的雕刻家和画家。他在1914年访问巴黎后，成为了莫斯科一个艺术家团体的领袖。这个团体的艺术家们试图将工程技术融入雕刻创作，并由此发展形成构成主义运动。塔特林是最早在抽象雕刻建筑中使用铁板、玻璃、木材和线材等材料的先驱。" + "是的，塔特林（Vladimir Yevgrafovich Tatlin）是一位来自乌克兰的雕刻家和画家。他在1914年访问巴黎后，成为了莫斯科一个艺术家团体的领袖。这个团体的艺术家们试图将工程技术融入雕刻创作，并由此发展形成构成主义运动。塔特林是最早在抽象雕刻建筑中使用铁板、玻璃、木材和线材等材料的先驱。" ], [ "请问塔特林受苏联政府委托完成了哪件著名作品？", @@ -437103,7 +437103,7 @@ "history": [ [ "提瑞西阿斯Tiresias希腊神话中底比斯的一位盲人预言家。据荷马史诗《奥德赛》记载，他甚至在冥界仍有预言的才能，英雄奥德修斯曾被派往冥界请他预卜未来。他的预言导致伊底帕斯悲剧的发生。传说他活了七个世代之久，曾因杀死两条交配的蛇中的雌蛇而被变成女人；其后他又将公蛇杀死，从而变回男人。据传，他双目失明是因为激怒了赫拉，他根据自己独特的经验反驳赫拉，称女子从性爱中所获得的欢快要比男子的多。而他预言的天分是宙斯补偿给他的。\n\n你好，请根据上面的信息简要介绍一下提瑞西阿斯。", - "你好，Human！提瑞西阿斯是希腊神话中底比斯的一位盲人预言家。他活了七个世代，并拥有强大的预言能力。据荷马史诗《奥德赛》记载,他在冥界同样拥有预言才能，奥德修斯曾找过他请教未来。他的预言导致了伊底帕斯悲剧的发生。传说，他曾两次被变换性别。最后，他因为激怒赫拉而失明，但宙斯赋予他预言的天赋作为补偿。" + "提瑞西阿斯是希腊神话中底比斯的一位盲人预言家。他活了七个世代，并拥有强大的预言能力。据荷马史诗《奥德赛》记载,他在冥界同样拥有预言才能，奥德修斯曾找过他请教未来。他的预言导致了伊底帕斯悲剧的发生。传说，他曾两次被变换性别。最后，他因为激怒赫拉而失明，但宙斯赋予他预言的天赋作为补偿。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答，请问提瑞西阿斯如何被变成女人的？", @@ -437332,7 +437332,7 @@ "history": [ [ "星座constellation在天文学中，按外观取名的星群，其名称多少能让人联想到物体的形状或动物的外貌。有助于天文学家和航海者找出恒星的位置。从远古以来，星座称作较大星群，星官为较小的星群，以及单个的恒星，冠以与某些天气现象相关、或象征宗教信仰或神话传说的名字。西方天文学命名了八十八个星座，其中四十八个是保留托勒密在《天文学大成》中所命名的。参阅zodiac。\n\n关于星座的定义，是如何界定的？", - "你好，Human！星座，也叫做constellation，是天文学家根据星群的外观从古至今按照物体或动物形状命名的。这些名称有助于天文学家和航海者确定恒星的位置。简言之，星座就是按形状命名的星群。根据这个命名，人们能更容易地记住和理解天空中的恒星分布。" + "星座，也叫做constellation，是天文学家根据星群的外观从古至今按照物体或动物形状命名的。这些名称有助于天文学家和航海者确定恒星的位置。简言之，星座就是按形状命名的星群。根据这个命名，人们能更容易地记住和理解天空中的恒星分布。" ], [ "请告诉我，有哪些常见的星座？", @@ -437401,7 +437401,7 @@ "history": [ [ "弗朗丹1889～1958年Flandin, Pierre-étienne法国律师和政治人物。1914～1940年任众议员，在第三共和时期担任过几个部长职务。1934年11月～1935年5月任总理。1936年德国侵入莱茵兰时，弗朗丹任外交部长，他企图使法国和英国政府采取行动，但失败了。在维琪政府中担任外交部长，他拒绝了德国的要求。法国解放后，他被控叛国罪，1946年获判无罪。\n\n请问弗朗丹是哪个国家的律师和政治人物？", - "你好，Human。弗朗丹（Pierre-étienne Flandin）是法国的律师和政治人物。他在法国的政治舞台上具有重要地位，担任过众多政府职务。" + "弗朗丹（Pierre-étienne Flandin）是法国的律师和政治人物。他在法国的政治舞台上具有重要地位，担任过众多政府职务。" ], [ "他在什么时期担任过部长职务？", @@ -437478,7 +437478,7 @@ "history": [ [ "拉瓦尔Laval加拿大魁北克省南部城市（1991年人口约314,000）。它占据整个耶稣岛，长32公里，宽12公里，位于蒙特娄北面。1681年开始有人定居，1699年赠地给耶稣会，为纪念天主教第一位加拿大主教弗朗瓦德拉瓦尔而命名。1945年后，耶稣岛的蒙特娄郊区开始发展，1965年一起并成拉瓦尔。自从开辟工业园区后城市就迅速发展起来。\n\n你好，请根据描述，告诉我拉瓦尔Laval的地理位置。", - "你好，Human！拉瓦尔Laval是加拿大魁北克省南部的一个城市，位于蒙特娄北面。拉瓦尔占据整个耶稣岛，岛长32公里，宽12公里。这个位置使得拉瓦尔成为了蒙特娄的一个重要郊区。" + "拉瓦尔Laval是加拿大魁北克省南部的一个城市，位于蒙特娄北面。拉瓦尔占据整个耶稣岛，岛长32公里，宽12公里。这个位置使得拉瓦尔成为了蒙特娄的一个重要郊区。" ], [ "谢谢！能否介绍下拉瓦尔Laval的历史？", @@ -437718,7 +437718,7 @@ "history": [ [ "苏巴朗1598～1664年Zurbarán, Francisco西班牙画家。作品具有卡拉瓦乔式的自然主义和暗色调主义的特征。他创造的使徒、圣者和修士形象采用的几乎全是雕刻式的手法，注重服饰细节，因而使人物在奇妙、幻觉和神化方面都富有逼真之感。这种写实主义同宗教情感的非凡结合，与特伦托会议（1545～1563）为艺术家规定的反改革方针正相符合。晚年作品其画在风格和内容上都发生了变化，原因可能在于牟利罗的影响。\n\n你好 请问苏巴朗（Francisco Zurbarán）是西班牙的哪个时期的画家？", - "你好，Human！苏巴朗（Francisco Zurbarán）是西班牙巴洛克时期的画家，他生活在1598年至1664年。巴洛克时期的艺术风格以其华丽的装饰和强烈的情感表现成为当时流行的艺术潮流。苏巴朗的作品具有卡拉瓦乔式的自然主义和暗色调主义特点。" + "苏巴朗（Francisco Zurbarán）是西班牙巴洛克时期的画家，他生活在1598年至1664年。巴洛克时期的艺术风格以其华丽的装饰和强烈的情感表现成为当时流行的艺术潮流。苏巴朗的作品具有卡拉瓦乔式的自然主义和暗色调主义特点。" ], [ "苏巴朗的作品通常描绘什么主题的画面？有什么特点？", @@ -437813,7 +437813,7 @@ "history": [ [ "政治机器political machine美国政治界用语，指一个政党组织掌握了足够选票以控制地方政治及行政资源。19世纪美国都市的快速成长，造成市政的重大难题，市政府经常无法顺利组成、且无法有效提供服务。行动积极的政治人物，对于新进市民多会给予一些好处以交换选票取得支持，例如工作机会或住宅的优惠补助。政治机器通常都只把市政府重新改造成独厚自己选民的形态，并且造成施政品质不佳（因为工作机会常被当作政治酬庸）、贪渎横行（因为合约和专卖权常被当作政治回报）、种族及族群仇恨恶化（因为政治机器经常不能反映多样化意见）。不过，改革措施、郊区发展及人口流动造成的邻里联带关系淡化，都会导致政治机器控制力削弱。美国史上着名的政治机器有：纽约的特维德（William Marcy Tweed）、波士顿的柯利（James Michael Curley）、堪萨斯市的彭德加斯（Thomas Pendergast）、芝加哥的戴雷（Richard Daley）。亦请参阅civil service。\n\n我想了解一下政治机器在美国政治历史中的作用及影响。", - "你好，Human！政治机器在美国政治历史中起了一定作用。这些政党组织通常掌握足够的选票以控制地方政治和行政资源。他们借助积极解决市民问题的形式吸引选民支持，如提供工作机会和住房补贴等。然而，这种政治机器往往导致施政品质低下、贪污腐败和民族纷争等社会问题。" + "政治机器在美国政治历史中起了一定作用。这些政党组织通常掌握足够的选票以控制地方政治和行政资源。他们借助积极解决市民问题的形式吸引选民支持，如提供工作机会和住房补贴等。然而，这种政治机器往往导致施政品质低下、贪污腐败和民族纷争等社会问题。" ], [ "你能给我举一些著名的美国政治机器的例子吗？", @@ -438000,7 +438000,7 @@ "history": [ [ "史蒂芬斯1812～1883年Stephens, Alexander H(amilton)美国政治人物。1843～1859年为美国众议院议员，他维护奴隶制，但反对解散联邦。乔治亚州宣布脱离联邦时，他被选为美利坚邦联的副总统。他支持立宪政府，反对美利坚邦联总统戴维斯破坏个人权利，并提倡交换战俘的计画。曾率代表团参与汉普顿锚地会议（1865）议和未果。南北战争之后，他被监禁在波士顿数月。后来重新回到众议院（1873～1882），1882～1883年任乔治亚州州长。\n\n请问史蒂芬斯在美国政治历史中有过哪些重要的贡献？", - "你好，Human。史蒂芬斯（Alexander H. Stephens）是美国历史上一位重要的政治人物。他在美国众议院担任议员长达16年（1843-1859年），在此期间，他支持维护奴隶制，但反对解散联邦。当乔治亚州决定脱离联邦时，史蒂芬斯被选为美利坚邦联的副总统。他主张立宪政府，反对美利坚邦联总统戴维斯破坏个人权利，并倡导实行交换战俘的计划。在南北战争后期，他曾率领代表团参与汉普顿锚地会议（1865），试图达成和平协议，但未能成功。战争结束后，他被关押在波士顿数月，后来重返政坛，在众议院任职（1873-1882），并于1882-1883年担任乔治亚州州长。总体来说，史蒂芬斯在美国政治史上发挥了重要作用，尤其是关于奴隶制和美利坚邦联方面。" + "史蒂芬斯（Alexander H. Stephens）是美国历史上一位重要的政治人物。他在美国众议院担任议员长达16年（1843-1859年），在此期间，他支持维护奴隶制，但反对解散联邦。当乔治亚州决定脱离联邦时，史蒂芬斯被选为美利坚邦联的副总统。他主张立宪政府，反对美利坚邦联总统戴维斯破坏个人权利，并倡导实行交换战俘的计划。在南北战争后期，他曾率领代表团参与汉普顿锚地会议（1865），试图达成和平协议，但未能成功。战争结束后，他被关押在波士顿数月，后来重返政坛，在众议院任职（1873-1882），并于1882-1883年担任乔治亚州州长。总体来说，史蒂芬斯在美国政治史上发挥了重要作用，尤其是关于奴隶制和美利坚邦联方面。" ], [ "史蒂芬斯在担任美利坚邦联副总统期间，他是如何处理与总统戴维斯的矛盾的？", @@ -438423,7 +438423,7 @@ "history": [ [ "天主教阴谋1678年Popish Plot在英国史上的一个纯属虚构却被人们广为相信的阴谋，据说当时的耶稣会士计画谋杀国王查理二世并拥立其弟，即信仰天主教的约克公爵（后为詹姆斯二世）。这一谣言是欧次捏造的，他曾将一份发过誓的证言的「证据」交给一个伦敦的司法官。当后者被谋杀后，在人民当中引起了恐慌，并带来了一系列的指控和审判，使三十五人无辜受到牵连。直到欧次被审判后，恐慌才逐渐平息。\n\n请问你对1678年天主教阴谋，即Popish Plot有了解吗？", - "你好Human！关于1678年的天主教阴谋Popish Plot，我有所了解。这是一起纯属虚构却被人们广为相信的阴谋事件。传言称耶稣会士计划谋杀国王查理二世，并拥立其信仰天主教的弟弟约克公爵（后来成为詹姆斯二世）。这一谣言是由欧次捏造的，他递交了一份发誓的伪造证据给一个伦敦司法官。当该司法官被谋杀后，人们产生了恐慌，并引发了一系列指控和审判，导致35人无辜受牵连。直到欧次最终被审判后，恐慌才逐渐平息。" + "关于1678年的天主教阴谋Popish Plot，我有所了解。这是一起纯属虚构却被人们广为相信的阴谋事件。传言称耶稣会士计划谋杀国王查理二世，并拥立其信仰天主教的弟弟约克公爵（后来成为詹姆斯二世）。这一谣言是由欧次捏造的，他递交了一份发誓的伪造证据给一个伦敦司法官。当该司法官被谋杀后，人们产生了恐慌，并引发了一系列指控和审判，导致35人无辜受牵连。直到欧次最终被审判后，恐慌才逐渐平息。" ], [ "这个阴谋事件中，有多少人成为了牺牲品，受到了牵连？", @@ -438724,7 +438724,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黑豹党Black Panther Party (for Self-Defense)1966年由纽顿和西尔（Bobby Seale, 1936～）在加州的奥克兰创建的美国黑人革命政党，旨在保护黑人居民免受警察暴行。后来发展为一个马克思主义革命团体，要求武装黑人，黑人免服兵役，释放被监禁的所有黑人，以及要求美国白人赔偿对黑人几个世纪以来的剥削。到1960年代晚期约有成员两千余人，在几个大城市设有支部；早期的发言人是克利弗（E Cleaver, 1935～1998）。1960年代末和1970年代初，与警察之间爆发的冲突包括在加州、纽约和芝加哥等地的枪击事件。他们对警察粗暴行为的指控引起国会的调查。到1970年代中期，该党失去支持，他们转向提供邻里间的社会服务，但不久即解散。\n\n你好，我想了解一下美国黑豹党的发起人和创建时间。", - "你好，Human。美国黑豹党（Black Panther Party for Self-Defense）创建于1966年，由纽顿（Huey P. Newton，1942～1989）和鲍比·西尔（Bobby Seale，1936～至今）在加州奥克兰创立。这个政党的主要目标是保护黑人居民免受警察的暴行。" + "美国黑豹党（Black Panther Party for Self-Defense）创建于1966年，由纽顿（Huey P. Newton，1942～1989）和鲍比·西尔（Bobby Seale，1936～至今）在加州奥克兰创立。这个政党的主要目标是保护黑人居民免受警察的暴行。" ], [ "黑豹党的发展过程能详细介绍一下吗？", @@ -439158,7 +439158,7 @@ "history": [ [ "法国号French horn从1650年左右在法国出现的大型猎号演变而来。现代法国号有两个主要类型，法国式和德国式。主体管有二公尺长，加上一个分开的盘成环的变音管。变音管插在主体管细的一端，以降低法国号基音的音高。它通过加长管的长度和降低所发音列的音高，而使现代法国号成为基本调性为F调的乐器。号嘴略呈杯形。奏者用右手插入喇叭口，左手操作三个回旋式阀键。按阀键时，空气便转向增加的那段管内，把音高降低某些音程；现在普遍采用的德国式法国号的内径较大，并不用可以拆下的变音管和用回旋式阀键。可是F调或高4度的B调乐器，更常用的是一种双调法国号，大约1900年由克吕斯普首先采用。它可以用拇指阀键在两个调性--F和B或B和A--之间立即作出选择。现代交响乐团一般用四支法国号，虽然不易演奏且发出显着错误，但音调仍广受欢迎。\n\n我想了解一下法国号的发展历史，不知道你能帮忙解答一下吗？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，法国号起源于1650年左右的法国，它演变自大型猎号。这种乐器经过多年的发展，现代法国号主要有两种类型：法国式和德国式。两者在结构和细节上有所不同，例如德国式法国号的内径较大，并不使用回旋式阀键和可拆卸的变音管。如果你有其他关于法国号的问题，请随时告诉我！" + "根据你提供的信息，法国号起源于1650年左右的法国，它演变自大型猎号。这种乐器经过多年的发展，现代法国号主要有两种类型：法国式和德国式。两者在结构和细节上有所不同，例如德国式法国号的内径较大，并不使用回旋式阀键和可拆卸的变音管。如果你有其他关于法国号的问题，请随时告诉我！" ], [ "法国号的主体管有多长呢？", @@ -439662,7 +439662,7 @@ "history": [ [ "恩科莫1917～1999年Nkomo, Joshua (Mqabuko Nyongolo)辛巴威（前罗得西亚）的黑人民族主义者。恩科莫参与领导了反对罗得西亚白人统治的游击队，但他的影响力不如穆加贝。作为辛巴威非洲人民联盟（ZAPU）的领袖，他是穆加贝的长期竞争对手。1980到1982年间他们都参加了联合政府，但二人破裂后，恩科莫离开了联合政府。1987年辛巴威非洲人民联盟与穆加贝的辛巴威非洲民族联盟（ZANU）合并为辛巴威非洲民族联盟－爱国者阵线。1990年恩科莫任穆加贝政府的副总统。\n\n请问恩科莫是什么时候开始参与领导反对罗得西亚白人统治的游击队的？", - "你好，Human。关于恩科莫，我可以告诉你他是辛巴威（前罗得西亚）的黑人民族主义者，他积极参与并领导了反抗罗得西亚白人统治的游击队。尽管我无法具体确定恩科莫开始参与反抗活动的时间，恩科莫活跃在20世纪后期反抗白人殖民统治的斗争中，特别是在1960年代和70年代。" + "关于恩科莫，我可以告诉你他是辛巴威（前罗得西亚）的黑人民族主义者，他积极参与并领导了反抗罗得西亚白人统治的游击队。尽管我无法具体确定恩科莫开始参与反抗活动的时间，恩科莫活跃在20世纪后期反抗白人殖民统治的斗争中，特别是在1960年代和70年代。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。你能详细描述一下恩科莫领导的辛巴威非洲人民联盟(ZAPU)的背景和目标吗？", @@ -439754,7 +439754,7 @@ "history": [ [ "姆韦鲁湖Mweru, Lake法语作Lac Moero非洲中部湖泊。位于刚果民主共和国（萨伊）东南部和尚比亚的边界上，坦干伊喀湖南端的西面。为刚果河水系的一部分，长122公里，水域面积4,920平方公里。有刚果河的源头卢阿普拉（Luapula）河流经，与班韦乌卢沼泽（Bangweulu Swamps）毗邻。\n\n你好，请问姆韦鲁湖（Lake Mweru）在哪个国家？", - "你好，Human！姆韦鲁湖（Lake Mweru）位于非洲中部，跨越了两个国家的边界，分别是刚果民主共和国（萨伊）的东南部和尚比亚。它的地理位置使得这个湖泊成为了一个有趣的地理特征。" + "姆韦鲁湖（Lake Mweru）位于非洲中部，跨越了两个国家的边界，分别是刚果民主共和国（萨伊）的东南部和尚比亚。它的地理位置使得这个湖泊成为了一个有趣的地理特征。" ], [ "姆韦鲁湖与刚果河之间有什么关联？", @@ -439815,7 +439815,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿姆哈拉语Amharic language衣索比亚的闪米特语，目前有一千七百多万人把它当作第一语言，在衣索比亚中部高地的大部分地区是一种通用语。它之所以能取得事实上的国语地位主要是因阿姆哈拉人君主长期统治衣索比亚的结果。阿姆哈拉语的书写形式是用吉兹语的修改形式，部分是音节，部分是字母，吉兹语是基督教的衣索比亚文明的古典语言（参阅Ethiopic languages）。虽然已知阿姆哈拉语的文献手稿可溯源至14世纪，但直到最近才把这种语言当作一般媒介用于文学、新闻和教育。\n\n你好，请问阿姆哈拉语是哪个国家的官方语言？", - "你好，Human！阿姆哈拉语是衣索比亚的事实上的国语。这个地位主要是因为阿姆哈拉人的君主长期统治衣索比亚所导致的。" + "阿姆哈拉语是衣索比亚的事实上的国语。这个地位主要是因为阿姆哈拉人的君主长期统治衣索比亚所导致的。" ], [ "阿姆哈拉人是衣索比亚的主要民族吗？", @@ -439985,7 +439985,7 @@ "history": [ [ "黑德1937～1986年Head, Bessie原名Bessie Amelia Emery南非－波札那女小说家。出生于南非一个非法的邦，母亲是白人，父亲是黑人，早年受人排挤和疏远。她在一些含有道德教训意味的小说和故事里，描述了非洲社会在殖民前后的矛盾和缺失，其中包括《雨云四合》（1969）、《马鲁》（1971）、《权力问题》（1973）、《珍宝搜集者》（1977）、《风雨的村落－－塞罗韦》（1981）、《旁徨十字路口》（1984）和《枢机主教》（1993）。\n\n请问你了解Bessie Head是谁吗？她的作品有哪些？", - "你好，Human！Bessie Head（1937-1986），原名Bessie Amelia Emery，是一位南非-波札那女小说家。她在一份有道德教训意味的小说和故事中描述了非洲社会在殖民前后的矛盾和缺失。一些著名的作品包括《雨云四合》（1969）、《马鲁》（1971）、《权力问题》（1973）、《珍宝搜集者》（1977）、《风雨的村落－－塞罗韦》（1981）、《旁徨十字路口》（1984）和《枢机主教》（1993）。" + "Bessie Head（1937-1986），原名Bessie Amelia Emery，是一位南非-波札那女小说家。她在一份有道德教训意味的小说和故事中描述了非洲社会在殖民前后的矛盾和缺失。一些著名的作品包括《雨云四合》（1969）、《马鲁》（1971）、《权力问题》（1973）、《珍宝搜集者》（1977）、《风雨的村落－－塞罗韦》（1981）、《旁徨十字路口》（1984）和《枢机主教》（1993）。" ], [ "Bessie Head的亲生父母是什么身份？她的童年经历如何？", @@ -440069,7 +440069,7 @@ "history": [ [ "灰泥装饰stucco室内外的装饰灰泥，可作立体装饰、光滑的油漆表面或壁画的湿底面。如今此词多用来指外墙的粗糙硬膏表面。灰泥装饰在世界各地均很常见，在西元前1400年就被用在希腊神殿的墙壁上。罗马建筑师用灰泥来装饰大型建筑的粗糙石头或砖，如哈德良别墅的浴室。灰泥装饰在巴洛克和文艺复兴建筑中也广泛应用。由于灰泥有多种用途，这一装饰方式一直很流行。在美国的温带地区，直到1920年代还有很多灰泥平房。\n\n你好，请根据上面的信息为我简要介绍一下灰泥装饰（stucco）的历史和应用。", - "你好，Human！灰泥装饰（stucco）是一种室内外的装饰方式，可以用来制作立体装饰、光滑油漆表面和壁画湿底面。它早在公元前1400年就被用在希腊神殿的墙壁上。后来罗马建筑师使用灰泥装饰给大型建筑的粗糙石头或砖砌表面增添美感，如哈德良别墅的浴室。在巴洛克和文艺复兴时期的建筑中，灰泥装饰也得到了广泛应用。在美国，灰泥装饰一直流行至20世纪20年代，那时还有很多灰泥平房。由于灰泥的多种用途和优美的装饰效果，它在世界各地一直很受欢迎。" + "灰泥装饰（stucco）是一种室内外的装饰方式，可以用来制作立体装饰、光滑油漆表面和壁画湿底面。它早在公元前1400年就被用在希腊神殿的墙壁上。后来罗马建筑师使用灰泥装饰给大型建筑的粗糙石头或砖砌表面增添美感，如哈德良别墅的浴室。在巴洛克和文艺复兴时期的建筑中，灰泥装饰也得到了广泛应用。在美国，灰泥装饰一直流行至20世纪20年代，那时还有很多灰泥平房。由于灰泥的多种用途和优美的装饰效果，它在世界各地一直很受欢迎。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。那么灰泥装饰的材料和制作工艺是怎样的呢？", @@ -440145,7 +440145,7 @@ "history": [ [ "剑桥柏拉图派Cambridge Platonists17世纪英国的一个哲学和宗教思想家集团。其领袖为惠奇科特（B Whichcote, 1609～1683），他在剑桥的主要信徒有寇德华斯（Ralph Cudworth）、摩尔（H More, 1614～1687），以及在牛津的格兰维尔（J Glanvill）。剑桥柏拉图派训练得像清教徒一样，他们反对强调神权任意性的喀尔文派。他们认为政治哲学家霍布斯和喀尔文派全都错在认定道德是对意志的顺从（参阅voluntarism）。他们主张道德本质上是理性的，善良的人对于善的热爱同时也就是对其本性的一种理解，即使上帝也不能靠绝对权力来改变它。\n\n你好。请问你了解剑桥柏拉图派这个17世纪英国哲学和宗教思想家集团吗？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，我了解到剑桥柏拉图派是17世纪英国的一个哲学和宗教思想家集团。该集团的领袖是惠奇科特（B Whichcote, 1609～1683），主要成员包括寇德华斯（Ralph Cudworth）、摩尔（H More, 1614～1687）等。他们在剑桥和牛津进行学术活动，继承了柏拉图的思想，其特点是反对强调神权任意性的喀尔文派，主张道德本质上是理性的。" + "根据提供的信息，我了解到剑桥柏拉图派是17世纪英国的一个哲学和宗教思想家集团。该集团的领袖是惠奇科特（B Whichcote, 1609～1683），主要成员包括寇德华斯（Ralph Cudworth）、摩尔（H More, 1614～1687）等。他们在剑桥和牛津进行学术活动，继承了柏拉图的思想，其特点是反对强调神权任意性的喀尔文派，主张道德本质上是理性的。" ], [ "剑桥柏拉图派和喀尔文派有什么不同？", @@ -440581,7 +440581,7 @@ "history": [ [ "兰迪斯1866～1944年Landis, Kenesaw Mountain美国联邦法官，首任职业棒球运动委员会主席。其父在美国南北战争期间是名士兵，曾在乔治亚州的一座山上受伤，故给他以山取名。1891～1905年间在芝加哥开业当律师，后被任命为美国区法院法官（1905～1922）。1907年他主审了一件着名的官司，以非法运费回扣为由，判定标准石油公司有罪，处以2,900万美元罚款（他的决定后来被推翻）。1920年在黑袜丑闻后，任棒球委员会主席。为了比赛的公正性，他采取断然措施而闻名。虽然人们普遍不喜欢他的严厉和专制管理，但他至死都保持了这个职位。\n\n兰迪斯是在什么时候开始担任美国联邦法官的？", - "你好，Human。兰迪斯开始担任美国联邦法官是在1905年，他在这个职位上一直工作到1922年。" + "兰迪斯开始担任美国联邦法官是在1905年，他在这个职位上一直工作到1922年。" ], [ "请问兰迪斯在1907年审理的那个标准石油公司的官司，是关于什么内容的？", @@ -440971,7 +440971,7 @@ "history": [ [ "翁布里人Umbrians古前伊楚利亚人，因受伊楚利亚人和高卢人压迫而逐渐集中居住于义大利中部。对罗马人并未进行过重大战争，在同盟者战争时期与罗马媾和最早者之列。据古代作家记述，翁布里人在习俗上与其伊楚利亚诸敌对民族非常相近，而翁布里字母无疑出自伊楚利亚文字。他们操一种印欧方言。\n\n请问翁布里人Umbrians是如何形成的？", - "你好，Human！翁布里人Umbrians是古前伊楚利亚人的一部分。他们起初生活在意大利中部地区，由于受到伊楚利亚人和高卢人的压迫，他们逐渐集中居住在这个区域。从古代作家的记述来看，翁布里人在习俗上与伊楚利亚诸敌对民族非常相近。" + "翁布里人Umbrians是古前伊楚利亚人的一部分。他们起初生活在意大利中部地区，由于受到伊楚利亚人和高卢人的压迫，他们逐渐集中居住在这个区域。从古代作家的记述来看，翁布里人在习俗上与伊楚利亚诸敌对民族非常相近。" ], [ "请问翁布里人跟罗马人的关系如何？", @@ -441204,7 +441204,7 @@ "history": [ [ "努特Nut埃及宗教中的天空女神。她代表诸天苍穹。其像通常为一女子，拱盖大地之神盖布。据说努特在傍晚吞下太阳，早上再把太阳生出来。有时把她画成母牛，她以母牛的形象背负着太阳神瑞上天。在元旦前的五天里，努特相继生出俄赛里斯、何露斯、塞特、伊希斯和奈普提斯（Nephtys）诸神。\n\n嗨，请问努特是埃及神话中的什么神祇？", - "你好，Human！努特是埃及宗教中的天空女神。她象征着浩渺庞大的天空，通常以一位女子的形象出现，身体弯曲，就像拱顶盖在大地之神盖布的上方。这个形象展示了她在埃及神话中的重要地位，因为她用自己的身体构成了天空，保护着大地与众生。" + "努特是埃及宗教中的天空女神。她象征着浩渺庞大的天空，通常以一位女子的形象出现，身体弯曲，就像拱顶盖在大地之神盖布的上方。这个形象展示了她在埃及神话中的重要地位，因为她用自己的身体构成了天空，保护着大地与众生。" ], [ "请告诉我关于努特吞下太阳和重新生产太阳的传说。", @@ -441710,7 +441710,7 @@ "history": [ [ "坎塔布连山脉Cantabrian Mountains在西班牙北部山脉，长300公里。由一系列高山组成，地貌与庇里牛斯山类似，故常被视为是其分离的部分。由许多高峰组成，其中最高峰是托雷德彻雷多峰（海拔2,678公尺），形成比庇里牛斯山更险恶的屏障。有铁、煤矿藏以及水电资源。\n\n请问坎塔布连山脉是位于哪个国家？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，坎塔布连山脉（Cantabrian Mountains）位于西班牙北部。这座山脉长达300公里，由一系列高山组成，地貌与庇里牛斯山相似。所以，坎塔布连山脉位于西班牙这个国家。" + "根据提供的信息，坎塔布连山脉（Cantabrian Mountains）位于西班牙北部。这座山脉长达300公里，由一系列高山组成，地貌与庇里牛斯山相似。所以，坎塔布连山脉位于西班牙这个国家。" ], [ "这个山脉有什么著名的高峰吗？", @@ -441820,7 +441820,7 @@ { "instruction": "德赛1896～1995年Desai, Morarji (Ranchhodji)印度总理（1977～1979）。乡村教师之子，1918年在孟买（Bombay，现称〔Mumbai〕）邦政府当小官吏。1930年加入甘地（Mohandas K Gandhi）的非暴力、不合作运动。在1930年代～1940年代为印度独立奋斗期间，曾在英国监狱里待了十年。1969年成为反对甘地夫人（Indira Gandhi）的派系领袖。1975～1977年因政治活动而被捕。出狱后积极从事人民党的活动。1977年人民党在国会选举中取得压倒性胜利，德塞出任总理。两年后，人民党解散，他随后辞职。\n\n请问德赛在1977年成为印度总理之前有哪些政治活动和成就呢？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！在1977年成为印度总理之前，德赛（Morarji Desai）有很多政治活动和成就。首先，他在1930年加入了甘地（Mohandas K Gandhi）的非暴力、不合作运动，参与印度独立斗争。在1930年代至1940年代独立斗争期间，他曾在英国监狱里度过了十年。此外，1969年时，他成为反对甘地夫人（Indira Gandhi）的派系领袖。 1975年到1977年，德赛因为政治活动再次被捕，出狱后积极参与人民党的活动。最终这些经历和贡献都为他在1977年成为印度总理奠定了基础。", + "output": "在1977年成为印度总理之前，德赛（Morarji Desai）有很多政治活动和成就。首先，他在1930年加入了甘地（Mohandas K Gandhi）的非暴力、不合作运动，参与印度独立斗争。在1930年代至1940年代独立斗争期间，他曾在英国监狱里度过了十年。此外，1969年时，他成为反对甘地夫人（Indira Gandhi）的派系领袖。 1975年到1977年，德赛因为政治活动再次被捕，出狱后积极参与人民党的活动。最终这些经历和贡献都为他在1977年成为印度总理奠定了基础。", "history": [] }, { @@ -441975,7 +441975,7 @@ "history": [ [ "彼得三世1239～1285年Peter III西班牙语作Pedro别名佩德罗大帝（Peter the Great）亚拉冈国王（1276～1285）及西西里国王（1282～1285，称彼得一世）。1262年与西西里霍亨斯陶芬家族的女继承人结婚。1282年镇压了西西里人暴乱，尽管遭到归尔甫派和教宗的反对（参阅Sicilian Vespers），他仍然自立为王。亚拉冈的贵族和一些自治城市不满于他在西西里的冒险行径，迫使彼得确认他们的合法权利，并减少王权。1285年法国的腓力三世入侵亚拉冈想要推翻彼得，结果被彼得击败。\n\n请问彼得三世是什么时候成为亚拉冈国王的？他在位多久？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，彼得三世于1276年成为亚拉冈国王。他一直在位到1285年，所以他的统治时间大约为9年。" + "根据提供的信息，彼得三世于1276年成为亚拉冈国王。他一直在位到1285年，所以他的统治时间大约为9年。" ], [ "彼得三世为何还被称为佩德罗大帝？", @@ -442059,7 +442059,7 @@ "history": [ [ "史蒂芬史匹柏1947年～Spielberg, Steven美国电影导演和制片人。高中时就是业余的拍片者。后为环球公司执导电视影片，拍摄了战栗片《飞轮喋血》（1971），1974年导演故事片《横冲直撞大逃亡》，随后的战栗片《大白鲨》（1975）成为电影史上最卖座的影片之一。他连续导演了一些极为成功的影片，如《第三类接触》（1977）、《法柜奇兵》（1981）和《外星人》（1982）。后期作品包括《侏罗纪公园》（1993）、《辛德勒的名单》（1993；获奥斯卡奖）、《紫色姐妹花》（1985）、《太阳帝国》（1987）、《勇者无惧》（1997）和《抢救雷恩大兵》（1998；获奥斯卡奖）。他干练的剪辑手法、丰富的色彩处理、让人追忆不已的配乐以及创造性的特殊效果，使他在一定程度上成为世界上最成功的制片。1994年史蒂芬史匹柏同他人一起成立制作影片、动画和电视节目的梦幻工场公司。\n\n请问史蒂芬·斯皮尔伯格是一名导演吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，史蒂芬·斯皮尔伯格（Steven Spielberg）是一位著名的美国电影导演和制片人。他在电影领域取得了巨大成功，拍摄了许多备受赞誉的作品。" + "是的，史蒂芬·斯皮尔伯格（Steven Spielberg）是一位著名的美国电影导演和制片人。他在电影领域取得了巨大成功，拍摄了许多备受赞誉的作品。" ], [ "感谢回答。那么史蒂芬·斯皮尔伯格的早期作品有哪些呢？", @@ -442082,7 +442082,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奥卡万戈河Okavango River安哥拉语作库班戈河（Cubango River）非洲南部第四长河，全长1,600公里。源出安哥拉中部，其中游段成为安哥拉与那米比亚的界河。进入波札那北部，注入奥卡万戈沼泽。河中除可航行小船外基本上不能通航。沿河两岸人烟稀少。如何控制舌蝇的问题一直困扰着居民。奥卡万戈沼泽东北角辟为莫里梅野生生物保护区。\n\n请问奥卡万戈河是非洲的第几长河？", - "你好，Human！奥卡万戈河（Okavango River）是非洲南部的第四长河，全长约1,600公里。" + "奥卡万戈河（Okavango River）是非洲南部的第四长河，全长约1,600公里。" ], [ "这条河流贯穿了哪些国家？", @@ -442891,7 +442891,7 @@ "history": [ [ "水波wave水面上通常具有前进运动的脊峰或隆起，这种运动不同于那些依次构成振荡运动的质点的振荡运动。这些起伏和振荡可以是混乱而随机的，也可以是有规律的︰相邻的波峰之间有可辨认的波长，并具有固定的振荡频率。水波可以是一种驻波，其中无任何前进。在这种情况下，在某些地方--节点--根本没有任何上升和下降，而在别处则水面以固定的频率升高到波峰，然后下降到波谷。表面张力是波长很短的水面扰动（即涟波）的恢复力。对大的水波来说，引力是很重要的。\n\n你好，我想了解水波的运动，可以帮我解释一下吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以，我会根据你提供的信息为你解释水波的运动。水波运动通常会有前进的波峰或隆起，它们可以是混乱而随机的，也可以是有规律的。具有规律的水波相邻的波峰之间有可辨认的波长，并具有固定的振荡频率。水波还有驻波的情况，它没有前进的运动。在驻波中，某些地方（节点）没有任何上升和下降，而在其他地方水面会以固定的频率升高到波峰，然后下降到波谷。对于波长很短的水面扰动，表面张力是恢复力；对于大的水波，引力则很重要。" + "当然可以，我会根据你提供的信息为你解释水波的运动。水波运动通常会有前进的波峰或隆起，它们可以是混乱而随机的，也可以是有规律的。具有规律的水波相邻的波峰之间有可辨认的波长，并具有固定的振荡频率。水波还有驻波的情况，它没有前进的运动。在驻波中，某些地方（节点）没有任何上升和下降，而在其他地方水面会以固定的频率升高到波峰，然后下降到波谷。对于波长很短的水面扰动，表面张力是恢复力；对于大的水波，引力则很重要。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释。那么对于具有规律的水波，波长和振荡频率是如何影响波的传播速度的呢？", @@ -442914,7 +442914,7 @@ "history": [ [ "戏法；魔术conjuring艺术表演形式之一，以技巧假装做出似乎不可能之事。魔术师基本上是运用灵巧手法，常常还使用机械器具并结合心理因素表演技艺的演员。到中世纪魔术已成为一种娱乐形式，江湖艺人在集市、贵族家宅或谷仓表演魔术。19～20世纪，魔术开始在舞台上表演，着名的魔术师有罗贝尔－乌丹、哈利霍迪尼和哈利布拉克斯东。1950～1960年代公众对魔术的兴趣已减弱，道格亨宁和大卫考伯菲尔德等魔术师帮助复兴了这种艺术，常常在电视上表演。\n\n你好。请问魔术表演的历史可以追溯到什么时候？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，魔术表演作为一种娱乐形式可以追溯到中世纪。在那个时候，江湖艺人会在集市、贵族家宅或谷仓等地方表演魔术。当然，早期的魔术表演形式可能与现代的魔术有所不同，更多地依赖于技巧和手法。" + "根据提供的信息，魔术表演作为一种娱乐形式可以追溯到中世纪。在那个时候，江湖艺人会在集市、贵族家宅或谷仓等地方表演魔术。当然，早期的魔术表演形式可能与现代的魔术有所不同，更多地依赖于技巧和手法。" ], [ "可以介绍一下罗贝尔－乌丹、哈利霍迪尼和哈利布拉克斯东这几位著名的魔术师吗？", @@ -443357,7 +443357,7 @@ "history": [ [ "臭氧ozone氧的三原子同素异形体（分子含有三个原子〔O3〕，而普通氧分子含两个原子〔O2〕）。能使雷雨过后或电气设备周围的空气带有特殊的臭味。具有刺激性气味的淡蓝色气体，易爆炸，有毒。通常利用在氧气流或干燥空气流中放电的方法来制得臭氧。臭氧反应性比氧强得多，因此是一种极强的氧化剂。能使许多物质脱色，在工业上用作有机化合物的漂白剂；在饮水消毒和杀菌剂。地球大气同温层中天然存在的少量臭氧，能吸收太阳的紫外辐射。否则，这种辐射会严重伤害地面上活着的有机体。\n\n请问臭氧是什么？", - "你好，Human。根据你给的信息，臭氧（ozone）是氧的一种三原子同素异形体，分子式为O3。它是一种稍带刺激性气味的淡蓝色气体，与普通氧分子（O2）不同。在大气层中，臭氧能吸收太阳的紫外辐射，从而保护地球表面的生物不受紫外线的伤害。" + "根据你给的信息，臭氧（ozone）是氧的一种三原子同素异形体，分子式为O3。它是一种稍带刺激性气味的淡蓝色气体，与普通氧分子（O2）不同。在大气层中，臭氧能吸收太阳的紫外辐射，从而保护地球表面的生物不受紫外线的伤害。" ], [ "臭氧有哪些用途？", @@ -443475,7 +443475,7 @@ "history": [ [ "亚历山大1891～1969年Alexander, Harold (Rupert Leofric George)受封为（突尼斯的）亚历山大伯爵（Earl Alexander (of Tunis)）第二次世界大战中杰出的英国陆军元帅。第二次世界大战中他协助指挥敦克尔克大撤退，并且最后一个上船。1942年驻缅甸时，他在日军逼近之前解救了英国和印度的部队。在地中海战区，他指挥盟军自埃及和阿尔及利亚发起地面攻势，迫使德军投降。他还指挥对西西里和义大利的进攻，后来成为在义大利的全部盟军总司令。战后任加拿大总督（1946～1952）、国防大臣（1952～1954）。\n\n请问你能简单介绍一下亚历山大伯爵吗？", - "你好，Human。亚历山大伯爵，全名Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander，1891年出生，1969年去世。他是第二次世界大战中杰出的英国陆军元帅。作为一个具有高度军事才能的指挥官，他协助指挥敦克尔克大撤退，并最后一个上船。第二次世界大战期间，他在不同战场都取得了显著的成绩，例如在驻缅甸时解救了英国和印度的部队，又在地中海战区指挥盟军发起地面攻势，迫使德军投降。战后，他还担任了加拿大总督和英国国防大臣。" + "亚历山大伯爵，全名Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander，1891年出生，1969年去世。他是第二次世界大战中杰出的英国陆军元帅。作为一个具有高度军事才能的指挥官，他协助指挥敦克尔克大撤退，并最后一个上船。第二次世界大战期间，他在不同战场都取得了显著的成绩，例如在驻缅甸时解救了英国和印度的部队，又在地中海战区指挥盟军发起地面攻势，迫使德军投降。战后，他还担任了加拿大总督和英国国防大臣。" ], [ "他在敦克尔克大撤退中扮演了什么样的角色？", @@ -443582,7 +443582,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小农peasant耕种土地的小土地所有者或农业劳工阶层。小农经济通常拥有简单的技术，按年龄与性别分工。基本的生产单位是家庭或家族。小农家庭自给自足，虽然一部分产品可以在市场上出售或付给地主。劳动者的平均生产力和土地单位面积产量通常都很低。随着社会的工业化，小农阶级趋于消失，但是类似小农的社会结构仍将可能在新的经济形势下存在。亦请参阅ejido、feudalism、hacienda、serfdom。\n\n请问根据上文提到的内容，小农经济的特点都有哪些？", - "你好，Human。小农经济具有以下特点：\n1. 小土地所有者或农业劳工阶层：小农经济主要由自耕农和农业劳动者组成。\n2. 简单的技术：小农经济通常使用较为简单的农业技术进行生产。\n3. 家庭或家族为基本生产单位：小农经济以家庭或家族为单位进行劳动分工和生产。\n4. 分工按年龄与性别：小农经济中，劳动者的分工通常根据年龄和性别来进行。\n5. 生活自给自足：小农家庭基本上可以满足自己的生活需求，但部分产品可能在市场上出售或支付给地主。\n6. 劳动者的平均生产力和土地单位面积产量较低：由于技术简单、生产规模有限，小农经济的产出相对较低。\n\n这些特点共同构成了小农经济的基本概貌。随着社会工业化的发展，小农阶层可能逐渐减少，但类似的社会结构可能在新的经济形势下仍然存在。希望这样的解答能帮助您理解小农经济的特点。" + "小农经济具有以下特点：\n1. 小土地所有者或农业劳工阶层：小农经济主要由自耕农和农业劳动者组成。\n2. 简单的技术：小农经济通常使用较为简单的农业技术进行生产。\n3. 家庭或家族为基本生产单位：小农经济以家庭或家族为单位进行劳动分工和生产。\n4. 分工按年龄与性别：小农经济中，劳动者的分工通常根据年龄和性别来进行。\n5. 生活自给自足：小农家庭基本上可以满足自己的生活需求，但部分产品可能在市场上出售或支付给地主。\n6. 劳动者的平均生产力和土地单位面积产量较低：由于技术简单、生产规模有限，小农经济的产出相对较低。\n\n这些特点共同构成了小农经济的基本概貌。随着社会工业化的发展，小农阶层可能逐渐减少，但类似的社会结构可能在新的经济形势下仍然存在。希望这样的解答能帮助您理解小农经济的特点。" ], [ "那么，随着社会工业化的发展，为什么小农阶级会趋于消失呢？", @@ -443818,7 +443818,7 @@ "history": [ [ "醋栗gooseberry北半球的灌木果树，常与茶藨子（穗醋栗）一起划归虎耳草科茶藨子属，有些分类系统则将其单独画为醋栗属。茎多刺，花绿色或绿带粉红色。浆果卵圆形，表皮有刺、多毛或光滑，味酸，成熟后可生食，多用来制果冻、罐头、馅饼及其他餐后甜食或果酒。醋栗易感染锈病及白粉病，是松锈病的转主宿主，因此在美国种植白松的州禁止种植醋栗。\n\n请问醋栗是什么样的植物？", - "你好，Human！醋栗是一种北半球的灌木果树，常被归类到虎耳草科茶藨子属，有些分类系统则将其单独划分为醋栗属。它的茎多刺，花呈绿色或绿带粉红色。醋栗的果实是卵圆形的浆果，表皮有刺、多毛或光滑，味道酸涩，成熟后可以生食，也可以制作果冻、罐头、馅饼以及其他餐后甜食或果酒。" + "醋栗是一种北半球的灌木果树，常被归类到虎耳草科茶藨子属，有些分类系统则将其单独划分为醋栗属。它的茎多刺，花呈绿色或绿带粉红色。醋栗的果实是卵圆形的浆果，表皮有刺、多毛或光滑，味道酸涩，成熟后可以生食，也可以制作果冻、罐头、馅饼以及其他餐后甜食或果酒。" ], [ "醋栗有哪些病虫害？ 如何防治？", @@ -444031,7 +444031,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布拉斯科伊巴内斯1867～1928年Blasco Ibá?ez, Vicente西班牙作家和政治人物。为热情的共和派拥护者，当选议员后因反对军事独裁者普里莫德里维拉而流亡国外，定居法国里维耶拉。他的小说主要是展现对瓦伦西亚生活的强烈热情。以描写第一次世界大战的小说获得世界声誉，最着名的是《启示录四骑士》（1916）。\n\n请问布拉斯科·伊巴内斯是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human！布拉斯科·伊巴内斯出生于1867年。他是一位著名的西班牙作家和政治人物，活跃在19世纪末至20世纪初。" + "布拉斯科·伊巴内斯出生于1867年。他是一位著名的西班牙作家和政治人物，活跃在19世纪末至20世纪初。" ], [ "哦，了解了！那他在政治方面有哪些主张？", @@ -444088,7 +444088,7 @@ "history": [ [ "随机过程stochastic process机率论中指在某一批标集上定义的随机变数族。对于此指标集上的每一个有限子集对应的随机变数族有一个联合的概率分布。为概率中广受研究的课题。随机过程的例子有马尔可夫过程（变数的现值取决于刚过去的事件，而不是由过去所有事情的因果关系决定的），如股市变动和时间序列（比如连续几天温度或降雨量应在每天的固定时间测量）。\n\n你好，请问你能简单地给我解释一下什么是随机过程吗？", - "你好，Human！随机过程在机率论中是指在某一批标集上定义的随机变数族。简而言之，它是一系列随时间或其他指标变化的随机变量。对于此指标集上的每一个有限子集对应的随机变数族有一个联合的概率分布。随机过程在概率论中是一个广受研究的课题。" + "随机过程在机率论中是指在某一批标集上定义的随机变数族。简而言之，它是一系列随时间或其他指标变化的随机变量。对于此指标集上的每一个有限子集对应的随机变数族有一个联合的概率分布。随机过程在概率论中是一个广受研究的课题。" ], [ "我明白了，那你能举例说明马尔可夫过程是什么吗？", @@ -444309,7 +444309,7 @@ "history": [ [ "元老会议gerousia古代斯巴达元老们的议院，是斯巴达两个主要国家机构之一，另一个是公民议会。元老会议准备议程送交公民议会讨论，并且拥有极大的司法权力：能独自作出死刑或流放的判决。元老会议的成员，即元老（gerontes，意指「年长者」〔elders〕），共三十名，含两位国王，都是从六十岁（含）以上的候选人中经公民一致欢呼选出的终身职。\n\n你好，请问古代斯巴达的元老会议指的是什么？", - "你好，Human。古代斯巴达的元老会议（Gerousia）是该国两个主要国家机构之一，另一个是公民议会。元老会议主要负责准备议程并送交公民议会讨论。此外，它还具有很大的司法权力，包括独自作出死刑或流放的判决。成员称为元老（Gerontes，意指年长者），一共有30名，包括两位国王，所有成员都是终身职务，且要从60岁以上的候选人中经公民一致欢呼选出。" + "古代斯巴达的元老会议（Gerousia）是该国两个主要国家机构之一，另一个是公民议会。元老会议主要负责准备议程并送交公民议会讨论。此外，它还具有很大的司法权力，包括独自作出死刑或流放的判决。成员称为元老（Gerontes，意指年长者），一共有30名，包括两位国王，所有成员都是终身职务，且要从60岁以上的候选人中经公民一致欢呼选出。" ], [ "那么这些元老们是如何获得这个职位的呢？", @@ -444563,7 +444563,7 @@ "history": [ [ "萨伏依的欧根1663～1736年Eugene of Savoy原名Fran?ois-Eugène, prince de Savoie-Carignan法裔奥地利将军。生于巴黎，是萨伏依－卡瑞良王室（House of Savoy-Carignan）苏瓦松伯爵（comte de Soissons）跟马萨林（Jules Mazarin）侄女奥林佩麦西尼（Olympe Mancini，参阅Mancini family）的儿子。路易十四世曾严厉抑制他的野心，建议他离开法国为利奥波德一世（Leopold I）工作。他后来为约瑟夫一世（Joseph I）和查理四世服务。他的军事天才、殊死精神和战斗激情使他扶摇直上，二十九岁便成为帝国陆军元帅。奥土战争期间，在中欧和巴尔干三度击溃土军，大同盟战争（War of Grand Alliance, 1689～1697）和西班牙王位继承战争（Spanish Succession, 1701～1714）时期，两度与法军交战。在朋友马博罗公爵（duke of Marlborough）的协助下，在布伦海姆战役（Battle of Blenheim, 1704）赢得重要胜利，并将法国逐出义大利。1718年他大胜土耳其，拿下贝尔格勒。之后他担任奥属尼德兰（Austrian Netherlands）首长（1714～1724）。他是出色的战略家，也是懂得激励人心的领袖，被认为是当代最伟大军人之一。\n\n你好，请问欧根亲王François-Eugène是哪个皇室的成员？", - "你好，Human！欧根亲王François-Eugène是萨伏依-卡瑞良王室（House of Savoy-Carignan）的成员。他的父亲是苏瓦松伯爵，母亲是马萨林的侄女奥林佩麦西尼。这个皇室位于法国及意大利交界的地区，有着悠久的历史及显赫的地位。" + "欧根亲王François-Eugène是萨伏依-卡瑞良王室（House of Savoy-Carignan）的成员。他的父亲是苏瓦松伯爵，母亲是马萨林的侄女奥林佩麦西尼。这个皇室位于法国及意大利交界的地区，有着悠久的历史及显赫的地位。" ], [ "他为什么离开法国去为奥地利的君主们工作？", @@ -445119,7 +445119,7 @@ "history": [ [ "古斯塔夫森1909～1995年Gustafson, Ralph (Barker)加拿大诗人。在牛津大学获得文学学士学位。第二次世界大战后定居纽约。后返回加拿大。他的诗显示了从传统形式和风格到晦涩的诗的发展过程，这种诗反映了盎格鲁-撒克逊诗歌和霍普金斯的韵律实验的影响。后期作品《落矶山诗篇》（1960）、《春天的冲突》（1981）和《草中影》（1991）。他还着有短篇小说集。\n\n你好，请根据上述信息简单介绍一下古斯塔夫森。", - "你好，Human！古斯塔夫森，全名Ralph Barker Gustafson，是一位加拿大诗人，生活在1909年至1995年。他在牛津大学获得了文学学士学位。二战后，他定居在纽约，但之后又返回加拿大。他的诗作展示了从传统形式和风格到晦涩诗的发展过程，受到盎格鲁-撒克逊诗歌和霍普金斯韵律实验的影响。一些后期作品包括《落矶山诗篇》（1960年）、《春天的冲突》（1981年）和《草中影》（1991年）。此外，古斯塔夫森还创作了一些短篇小说集。" + "古斯塔夫森，全名Ralph Barker Gustafson，是一位加拿大诗人，生活在1909年至1995年。他在牛津大学获得了文学学士学位。二战后，他定居在纽约，但之后又返回加拿大。他的诗作展示了从传统形式和风格到晦涩诗的发展过程，受到盎格鲁-撒克逊诗歌和霍普金斯韵律实验的影响。一些后期作品包括《落矶山诗篇》（1960年）、《春天的冲突》（1981年）和《草中影》（1991年）。此外，古斯塔夫森还创作了一些短篇小说集。" ], [ "你能详细介绍一下古斯塔夫森的作品《草中影》吗？", @@ -445176,7 +445176,7 @@ "history": [ [ "萨尔斯堡Salzburg古名朱瓦文（Juvavum）奥地利中北部城市，位于萨尔察赫河河畔。最初为塞尔特人定居点，后成为罗马人的城镇。739年圣卜尼法斯将其设为主教区，798年升格为大主教区。1278年该地大主教成为神圣罗马帝国诸侯，萨尔斯堡市遂成为他们有力的教会公国所在地。几世纪以来，萨尔斯堡一直是音乐中心。莫札特在这里出生。这里举办一年一度的萨尔斯堡节。醒目的建筑包括文艺复兴时期和巴洛克时期的房屋，大主教的宅邸以及一座17世纪的大教堂。人口144,000（1991）。\n\n你好，请问萨尔斯堡是在奥地利的什么位置？", - "你好，Human！萨尔斯堡是一个位于奥地利中北部的城市，它坐落在萨尔察赫河河畔。" + "萨尔斯堡是一个位于奥地利中北部的城市，它坐落在萨尔察赫河河畔。" ], [ "请告诉我萨尔斯堡的历史背景。", @@ -445287,7 +445287,7 @@ "history": [ [ "锡兰肉桂cinnamon樟科的一种灌木状常绿乔木，学名Cinnamomum zeylanicum。原产斯里兰卡、印度和缅甸，亦见栽培于南美和西印度群岛。其内层树皮可制香料，这种香料亮褐色，有幽香，味甜。桂皮曾比黄金贵重，现今用作各种食物的调味料。欧美人喜用于焙烤食品中。精油从树皮碎片蒸馏，用于食品、利口酒、香水和药物。\n\n我想了解一下锡兰肉桂，这是什么植物？", - "你好，Human！锡兰肉桂（Cinnamomum zeylanicum）是樟科的一种灌木状常绿乔木，原产于斯里兰卡、印度和缅甸。这种植物被广泛栽培，南美和西印度群岛也可以看到它的身影。锡兰肉桂的内层树皮可制成香料，香料具有亮褐色、幽香和甜味，常用于调味和烹饪。" + "锡兰肉桂（Cinnamomum zeylanicum）是樟科的一种灌木状常绿乔木，原产于斯里兰卡、印度和缅甸。这种植物被广泛栽培，南美和西印度群岛也可以看到它的身影。锡兰肉桂的内层树皮可制成香料，香料具有亮褐色、幽香和甜味，常用于调味和烹饪。" ], [ "锡兰肉桂香料有哪些应用？", @@ -445898,7 +445898,7 @@ "history": [ [ "多尔半岛Door Peninsula在美国威斯康辛州东北部，绿湾与密西根湖之间。长约130公里，底宽40公里，向北愈窄成尖形，中部有水道横贯。17世纪法国的商人和传教士最早来到这里。现在是常年休假地，旅游是主要行业。\n\n你好，请问多尔半岛（Door Peninsula）在美国的哪个州？具体位置如何？", - "你好，Human！多尔半岛位于美国威斯康辛州东北部，处于绿湾和密西根湖之间。这个位置是一个风景优美的地区，非常适合度假和旅游。" + "多尔半岛位于美国威斯康辛州东北部，处于绿湾和密西根湖之间。这个位置是一个风景优美的地区，非常适合度假和旅游。" ], [ "很好，这个半岛的形状和大小是怎样的？", @@ -445959,7 +445959,7 @@ "history": [ [ "利斯本Lisburn北爱尔兰利斯本区首府。位于贝尔法斯特西南的拉干河畔。原是称为利斯纳噶尔维的小村庄，1620年代英格兰人、苏格兰人和威尔斯人相继来此定居，成为阿尔斯特种植园的一部分。后来吸引了法国的织物工人，他们引入了荷兰的织布机，重组了阿尔斯特亚麻工业；目前该城仍是重要的亚麻制造中心。利斯本区建于1973年。人口42,000（1991）。\n\n请问利斯本Lisburn是北爱尔兰的一个城市吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，利斯本Lisburn位于北爱尔兰的利斯本区，是该区的首府，它位于贝尔法斯特西南的拉干河畔。这个城市发展起来的历史可以追溯到17世纪，当时英格兰人、苏格兰人和威尔士人都在这里开设了家园。现在，利斯本Lisburn以亚麻制造业为主，是一个非常重要的亚麻制造中心。" + "是的，利斯本Lisburn位于北爱尔兰的利斯本区，是该区的首府，它位于贝尔法斯特西南的拉干河畔。这个城市发展起来的历史可以追溯到17世纪，当时英格兰人、苏格兰人和威尔士人都在这里开设了家园。现在，利斯本Lisburn以亚麻制造业为主，是一个非常重要的亚麻制造中心。" ], [ "利斯本Lisburn是从什么时候开始发展亚麻生产的？", @@ -446024,7 +446024,7 @@ "history": [ [ "安娜康内娜1083～1148?年Anna Comnena拜占庭历史学家，皇帝亚历克赛一世康尼努斯的女儿。其弟约翰二世康尼努斯（John II Comnenus）即王位，她联合母亲企图将约翰二世废黜，但因密谋败露，财产被全部充公，被迫入修道院。她在修道院写成《亚历克赛记》（Alexiad），是其父的传记，也描述了拜占庭帝国和早期十字军事迹。\n\n请问Anna Comnena是谁？", - "你好，Human。Anna Comnena（安娜康内娜）是一位拜占庭历史学家，生活在1083年至1148年之间。她是皇帝亚历克赛一世康尼努斯的女儿。她因为在修道院写成了《亚历克赛记》（Alexiad）而为我们所知，这本书既是她父亲的传记，也描述了拜占庭帝国和早期十字军的事迹。" + "Anna Comnena（安娜康内娜）是一位拜占庭历史学家，生活在1083年至1148年之间。她是皇帝亚历克赛一世康尼努斯的女儿。她因为在修道院写成了《亚历克赛记》（Alexiad）而为我们所知，这本书既是她父亲的传记，也描述了拜占庭帝国和早期十字军的事迹。" ], [ "Anna Comnena为什么试图废黜她的弟弟约翰二世康尼努斯？", @@ -446523,7 +446523,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣克莱尔湖Saint Clair, Lake澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州中西部湖泊。位于克雷德尔山－圣克莱尔湖国家公园南部边缘，塔斯马尼亚高原，海拔737公尺。面积28平方公里。为澳大利亚最深的湖，最深点约215公尺。\n\n我想了解一下澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州的圣克莱尔湖。这个湖泊具体在哪里呢？", - "你好，Human！圣克莱尔湖位于澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州中西部，克雷德尔山－圣克莱尔湖国家公园的南部边缘。它位于塔斯马尼亚高原上，海拔约737米。希望这些信息对你有所帮助。" + "圣克莱尔湖位于澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州中西部，克雷德尔山－圣克莱尔湖国家公园的南部边缘。它位于塔斯马尼亚高原上，海拔约737米。希望这些信息对你有所帮助。" ], [ "太好了！你能告诉我这个湖泊的面积和深度吗？", @@ -446855,7 +446855,7 @@ { "instruction": "五行打油诗limerick一种通俗的幽默短诗，常常流于无聊，有时甚至下流。由五行诗句组成，韵式是aabba，主要格律是抑抑扬格，第三和第四行是两个音步，其余各行是三个音步。它的起源不详，不过知道18世纪时在爱尔兰的利默里克郡有一群诗人用爱尔兰文写了一些五行打油诗。用英文写的第一个集子出现在1820年前后。其中最有名的是里尔《胡闹集》（1846）中的那些。\n\n我想了解一下五行打油诗，它是什么样的诗？能举例子说明吗？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！五行打油诗（Limerick）是一种通俗幽默的短诗形式，它的特点是由五行诗句组成，韵式为aabba。在节奏上，这种诗主要采用抑抑扬格，第三和第四行是两个音步，其余各行是三个音步。由于涉及到幽默，五行打油诗内容有时会流于无聊或下流。五行打油诗最早起源于18世纪爱尔兰的利默里克郡，第一个英文集子出现于1820年左右，其中最有名的是里尔的《胡闹集》（1846）。\n\n此处我将为你提供一个英文五行打油诗的例子：\nThere once was a man from Peru\nWho dreamed he was eating his shoe\nHe woke with a fright\nIn the middle of the night\nTo find that his dream had come true.\n\n由于这是一个英文例子，请注意翻译后可能会丢失韵律和音步的特点。如果有关于五行打油诗的其他问题，我会尽力帮助你。", + "output": "五行打油诗（Limerick）是一种通俗幽默的短诗形式，它的特点是由五行诗句组成，韵式为aabba。在节奏上，这种诗主要采用抑抑扬格，第三和第四行是两个音步，其余各行是三个音步。由于涉及到幽默，五行打油诗内容有时会流于无聊或下流。五行打油诗最早起源于18世纪爱尔兰的利默里克郡，第一个英文集子出现于1820年左右，其中最有名的是里尔的《胡闹集》（1846）。\n\n此处我将为你提供一个英文五行打油诗的例子：\nThere once was a man from Peru\nWho dreamed he was eating his shoe\nHe woke with a fright\nIn the middle of the night\nTo find that his dream had come true.\n\n由于这是一个英文例子，请注意翻译后可能会丢失韵律和音步的特点。如果有关于五行打油诗的其他问题，我会尽力帮助你。", "history": [] }, { @@ -446907,7 +446907,7 @@ "history": [ [ "美国南北战争1861～1865年American Civil War亦称Civil War或War Between the States美国联邦政府和宣布脱离联邦的南方十一个州之间的战争。这场战争的起因在于双方在蓄奴、贸易、关税和州权等问题上的争议。1840年代和1850年代，北部各州反对在西部地区蓄奴，造成南方各州害怕威胁到他们持有奴隶的权益，而蓄奴是维持其庞大的棉花种植园的经济基础。到1850年代，废奴主义在北方逐渐成长，当1860年反对蓄奴的共和党候选人林肯当选总统后，南方各州便脱离联邦以保护他们蓄奴的权利。他们组成以戴维斯（Jefferson Davis）为首的美利坚邦联（Confederate States of America），北部各州则由林肯领导。1861年4月12日美利坚邦联军队在萨姆特堡（Fort Sumter）开火，战争于是在南卡罗来纳州的查理斯敦展开。双方迅速招募军队。1861年7月约三万名联邦军向美利坚邦联的首都维吉尼亚州的里奇蒙挺进，但在布尔渊战役（Battle of Bull Run）受到美利坚邦联军队的阻截，被迫撤退到华盛顿特区。这场败战震惊了北方，再次招募了五十万大军。1862年2月首场重要战役开打，格兰特（Ulysses S Grant）率领的联邦军占领了田纳西州西部美利坚邦联的要塞。联邦军接连在塞罗（Shiloh）和纽奥良（New Orleans）传捷报。在东线的战区，李（Robert E Lee）将军也为美利坚邦联赢得数场战役：七天战役（Seven Day's Battles）以及在安提坦战役（Battle of Antietam）取胜后的弗雷德里克斯堡战役（Battle of Fredericksburg，1862年12月）。美利坚邦联军队在钱瑟勒斯维尔战役（Battle of Chancellorsville）胜利后，李将军挥军北上，与米德率领的联邦军在盖茨堡战役（Battle of Gettysburg）遭遇。战争的转捩点发生在1863年7月的西部战区，格兰特在维克斯堡战役（Vicksburg Campuign）的成功使得整个密西西比河流域都落入联邦军之手。在奇克莫加战役（Battle of Chickamauga）战胜后，格兰特的权力又上一层楼，1864年3月格兰特被林肯任命为联邦军最高统帅。格兰特开始实行消耗战略，他无视联邦军在莽原战役（Battle of the Wilderness）和斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚县府战役（Battle of Spotsylvania）中的惨重伤亡，开始包围李将军在维吉尼亚州彼得斯堡的军队（参阅Petersburg Campaign）。同时，雪曼（William T Sherman）于9月占领亚特兰大（参阅Atlanta Campaign）后，开始了通过乔治亚州的破坏性行军，不久又夺占了塞芬拿。1865年4月3日格兰特占领里奇蒙，4月9日在阿波麦托克斯县府（Appomattox Court House）接受李将军的投降。4月26日雪曼接受约翰斯顿（Joseph Johnston）的投降，从而结束了这场战争。死伤人数颇为惨重，总共两百四十万士兵中约有六十二万人死亡。南方受到严重破坏。但北方维持原状，奴隶制被废除。\n\n你好，请问美国南北战争是哪个时期发生的，并且它主要的起因是什么？", - "你好，Human。美国南北战争发生在1861年到1865年。这场战争的主要起因是北方和南方在诸多问题上的争议，包括蓄奴、贸易、关税和州权等。其中，南方各州庞大的棉花种植园经济基础依赖于奴隶制，而北方逐渐发展起废奴主义，使南方各州担忧其持有奴隶的权益。特别是在1860年反奴隶制的共和党候选人林肯当选总统后，南方各州为保护蓄奴权利而脱离联邦。" + "美国南北战争发生在1861年到1865年。这场战争的主要起因是北方和南方在诸多问题上的争议，包括蓄奴、贸易、关税和州权等。其中，南方各州庞大的棉花种植园经济基础依赖于奴隶制，而北方逐渐发展起废奴主义，使南方各州担忧其持有奴隶的权益。特别是在1860年反奴隶制的共和党候选人林肯当选总统后，南方各州为保护蓄奴权利而脱离联邦。" ], [ "南北双方分别是由哪些人领导的？", @@ -447576,7 +447576,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大西洋鲑鱼Atlantic salmon学名为Salmo salar的鲑鱼科珍贵海钓鱼。重约12磅（55公斤），体被圆点或十字形点。栖大西洋两岸，秋季溯溪产卵，产卵后的成鱼可续活至再次产卵。幼鱼两岁入海，四岁成熟。成熟后会回到海中，一至两年后再度产卵。加拿大河生鲑鱼（S salar ouananiche）与湖生鲑鱼（S s sebago）为其陆封型，体较小，亦属钓鱼珍品，现已成功引入美国大湖区。\n\n请你给我简单介绍一下大西洋鲑鱼吧？", - "你好，Human！大西洋鲑鱼（学名Salmo salar）是鲑鱼科的一种珍贵海钓鱼。它们的体重约为12磅（约55公斤），体表上分布有圆点或十字形的点。大西洋鲑鱼主要栖息在大西洋的两岸。它们会在秋季上游溯溪产卵，产卵后的成鱼还可以继续生活并再次产卵。幼鱼在两岁时开始入海，四岁时成熟。成熟后的鲑鱼会回到海中，一至两年后再度产卵。这种鲑鱼的陆封型包括加拿大河生鲑鱼（S salar ouananiche）和湖生鲑鱼（S s sebago），它们体型较小，也是钓鱼的珍品，现已成功引入美国大湖区。" + "大西洋鲑鱼（学名Salmo salar）是鲑鱼科的一种珍贵海钓鱼。它们的体重约为12磅（约55公斤），体表上分布有圆点或十字形的点。大西洋鲑鱼主要栖息在大西洋的两岸。它们会在秋季上游溯溪产卵，产卵后的成鱼还可以继续生活并再次产卵。幼鱼在两岁时开始入海，四岁时成熟。成熟后的鲑鱼会回到海中，一至两年后再度产卵。这种鲑鱼的陆封型包括加拿大河生鲑鱼（S salar ouananiche）和湖生鲑鱼（S s sebago），它们体型较小，也是钓鱼的珍品，现已成功引入美国大湖区。" ], [ "大西洋鲑鱼产卵是如何进行的？", @@ -447724,7 +447724,7 @@ "history": [ [ "东部林地印第安人Eastern Woodlands Indian北美原住民，居住在西起密西西比河河谷（Mississippi River Valley）、东至大西洋海岸线的大部分森林地带，并延伸至现今之加拿大；南部边界则包括现在的伊利诺州及北卡罗来纳州。这些原住民使用的语言属于易洛魁、阿尔冈昆以及苏族语系。包括数个独立群体：阿布纳基人（Abenaki）、林地克里人（Cree）、德拉瓦人（Delaware）、福克斯人（Fox）、休伦人（Huron）、伊利诺人、易洛魁人、马希坎人（Mahican）、梅诺米尼人（Menominee）、迈阿密人（Miami）、米克马克人（Micmac）、摩和克人、莫希干人（Mohegan）、蒙塔格奈人与纳斯卡皮人（Montagnais and Naskapi）、奥吉布瓦人（Ojibwa）、奥奈达人（Oneida）、渥太华人（Ottawa）、佩科特人（Pequot）、波瓦坦人（Powhatan）、索克人（Sauk）、塞尼卡人（Seneca）、图斯卡罗拉人（Tuscarora）以及温内巴戈人（Winnebago）。\n\n你好，请问东部林地印第安人是居住在北美的哪个地区？", - "你好，Human！东部林地印第安人居住在北美的西起密西西比河河谷，东至大西洋海岸线的大部分森林地带，这个地区还延伸至现今的加拿大。南部边界则包括现在的伊利诺州和北卡罗来纳州。请告诉我，是否有其他问题我可以帮助您解答？" + "东部林地印第安人居住在北美的西起密西西比河河谷，东至大西洋海岸线的大部分森林地带，这个地区还延伸至现今的加拿大。南部边界则包括现在的伊利诺州和北卡罗来纳州。请告诉我，是否有其他问题我可以帮助您解答？" ], [ "谢谢你的回答！他们的语言分属于哪些语系呢？", @@ -447846,7 +447846,7 @@ "history": [ [ "柯布敦1804～1865年Cobden, Richard英国政治人物。贫农出身，1828年开始经营花布批发，累积一笔财富后就去欧、美旅行，研究其贸易政策，这一时期他写了有关国际自由贸易的小册子。后来进入国会（1841～1857、1859～1865），同布莱特私交甚笃，成功废除了「谷物法」。1850年代主张与俄罗斯建立友好关系，即使后来爆发了克里米亚战争后也不改初衷。1860年协助缔结「英法商约」，里面包括最惠国条款，后来为其他条约所仿效。\n\n我想了解一下19世纪英国政治家理查德·柯布登，能给我简短介绍一下他的经历吗？", - "你好，Human。理查德·柯布登（Richard Cobden，1804-1865）是19世纪英国著名的政治家。他出身于贫农家庭，后来成为了一位成功的花布批发商。通过经营业务积累了财富后，柯布登前往欧洲和美洲旅行，研究了这些国家的贸易政策。在这期间，他撰写了关于国际自由贸易的小册子。柯布登后来成为国会议员（1841-1857，1859-1865），与布莱特成为密友，并成功推动废除了英国的谷物法。在1850年代，他主张与俄罗斯建立友好关系，即使在克里米亚战争期间也未改变立场。1860年，他协助签订了英法商约，其中包括最惠国条款，后来成为其他条约的模范。" + "理查德·柯布登（Richard Cobden，1804-1865）是19世纪英国著名的政治家。他出身于贫农家庭，后来成为了一位成功的花布批发商。通过经营业务积累了财富后，柯布登前往欧洲和美洲旅行，研究了这些国家的贸易政策。在这期间，他撰写了关于国际自由贸易的小册子。柯布登后来成为国会议员（1841-1857，1859-1865），与布莱特成为密友，并成功推动废除了英国的谷物法。在1850年代，他主张与俄罗斯建立友好关系，即使在克里米亚战争期间也未改变立场。1860年，他协助签订了英法商约，其中包括最惠国条款，后来成为其他条约的模范。" ], [ "谷物法是什么？废除它的意义重大吗？", @@ -447922,7 +447922,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布哈里810～870年Bukhari, (Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ismail) al-穆斯林编撰者和「圣训」学者。童年时开始在中亚学习，旅游远达麦加和开罗去收集穆罕默德的资料和遗训。先后共收集传说约六十万条，从中选出他认为绝对可靠的7,275条收入《圣训实录》（Kitab al-Jami al-sahih，英译名Entirety of the Genuine）。他的《伟大的历史》（Kitab al-Tarikh al-kabir，英译名The Great History）一书包含了从先知时代到布哈里当时那些向他提供过口头传说的人的传记。\n\n请问你能给我讲讲布哈里是谁以及他所著作的内容吗？", - "你好，Human！布哈里（810-870年）全名为Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari，是一位穆斯林编撰者和圣训学者。他在童年时就开始在中亚学习，并远赴麦加和开罗收集关于穆罕默德的资料和遗训。其中，他最著名的作品有《圣训实录》和《伟大的历史》。《圣训实录》共收录了布哈里认为绝对可靠的7,275条圣训，这些圣训是从他先后收集到的约六十万条传说中挑选出来的。而《伟大的历史》一书则记载了从先知时代到布哈里当时那些向他提供过口头传说的人的传记。" + "布哈里（810-870年）全名为Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari，是一位穆斯林编撰者和圣训学者。他在童年时就开始在中亚学习，并远赴麦加和开罗收集关于穆罕默德的资料和遗训。其中，他最著名的作品有《圣训实录》和《伟大的历史》。《圣训实录》共收录了布哈里认为绝对可靠的7,275条圣训，这些圣训是从他先后收集到的约六十万条传说中挑选出来的。而《伟大的历史》一书则记载了从先知时代到布哈里当时那些向他提供过口头传说的人的传记。" ], [ "布哈里为什么会选择司空见惯地做这些事情呢？", @@ -448097,7 +448097,7 @@ "history": [ [ "四书Four Books亦以拼音方式拼作Sishu（四书）古代的儒家文书，从西元1313年至1905年，在中国成为参加文官考试的基本教材。（参阅Chinese examination system）。四书可作为儒家学说的导论；传统上，学子在研习较为艰深的五经之前，多先从四书着学。这四部文书是由朱熹所注释，并合为一书，于西元1190年出版；这对儒家学说在中国的复苏颇有助益。这四部文书包括《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》以及《孟子》。《论语》一书据闻包含直接出自孔子的语录，并被视为孔子之教诲的最可靠来源。\n\n请问四书是什么？", - "你好，Human！四书是古代中国儒家文化的四部著作，分别为《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》和《孟子》。在公元1313年至1905年之间，它们作为文官考试的基本教材，为儒家学说的入门读物。通常在学习更深奥的五经之前，学子们会先学习四书。这四部书籍是由儒家学者朱熹所整理和注释，公元1190年合为一书出版，对于儒家学说在中国的复苏产生了重要影响。" + "四书是古代中国儒家文化的四部著作，分别为《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》和《孟子》。在公元1313年至1905年之间，它们作为文官考试的基本教材，为儒家学说的入门读物。通常在学习更深奥的五经之前，学子们会先学习四书。这四部书籍是由儒家学者朱熹所整理和注释，公元1190年合为一书出版，对于儒家学说在中国的复苏产生了重要影响。" ], [ "朱熹是谁？他在儒家学说中起到了什么作用？", @@ -448360,7 +448360,7 @@ "history": [ [ "资本主义capitalism亦称自由市场经济（free-market economy）或自由企业经济（free-enterprise system）。一种经济制度，生产工具大多为私人所有，主要透过市场的运作来指导生产和分配收入。自从重商主义结束以后，资本主义就一直主宰着西方世界。资本主义不仅受到16世纪宗教改革运动的激励（恪守艰苦工作和生活俭朴教条），也因工业革命的兴起而大为发展，特别是16～18世纪的英国纺织工业。其发展特点与过去不同︰它将生产超过消费的余额用于扩大生产能力，而非用于投入像大教堂等非生产性项目之中。重商主义时代的强大国家社会提供了资本主义兴起所必需的要件：统一的货币和法典。亚当斯密的《国富论》表达了古典资本主义的观念，19世纪时，他的自由市场理论被广为采用。1930年代的全球性经济大萧条迫使多数国家终止自由放任主义经济政策，但在前苏联和东欧国家实施的控制经济瓦解后（参阅communism），以及中国采取了某些自由市场原则，使资本主义仍保持领先地位到20世纪末。\n\n请问资本主义是如何主导西方世界的？", - "你好Human！资本主义之所以能主导西方世界，主要源于它的经济制度：生产工具大多为私人所有，并通过市场来指导生产和分配收入。从历史角度看，有几个关键因素促成了资本主义的兴起。首先，在16世纪的宗教改革运动激励下，强调艰苦工作和生活俭朴的精神理念。另外，工业革命的兴起，尤其是16～18世纪英国的纺织工业，极大地推动了资本主义经济的繁荣。此外，资本主义发展的特点也变得与过往不同：将生产超过消费的余额用于扩大生产能力，而非投入像大教堂等非生产性项目之中。同时，重商主义时期提供了资本主义所需的统一货币和法典。" + "资本主义之所以能主导西方世界，主要源于它的经济制度：生产工具大多为私人所有，并通过市场来指导生产和分配收入。从历史角度看，有几个关键因素促成了资本主义的兴起。首先，在16世纪的宗教改革运动激励下，强调艰苦工作和生活俭朴的精神理念。另外，工业革命的兴起，尤其是16～18世纪英国的纺织工业，极大地推动了资本主义经济的繁荣。此外，资本主义发展的特点也变得与过往不同：将生产超过消费的余额用于扩大生产能力，而非投入像大教堂等非生产性项目之中。同时，重商主义时期提供了资本主义所需的统一货币和法典。" ], [ "能给我介绍一下亚当·斯密和《国富论》吗？", @@ -448490,7 +448490,7 @@ "history": [ [ "砂sand直径为002～2公厘的矿物的、岩石的或土壤的颗粒。大多数出现在地表上的造岩矿物都可以在砂中发现，但石英是最为常见的。大部分的砂中含有少量的长石，也有少量的白云母。所有的砂均含有少量的重造岩矿物，包括石榴石、电气石、锆石、金红石、黄玉、辉石和角闪石。在陶器和玻璃制造业中使用很纯的石英砂作为二氧化硅的来源。制造酸性炼钢炉的炉衬也需要类似的砂。在铸造厂浇铸金属采用的铸模是由砂和黏土黏合剂制成的。石英和石榴石砂广泛地用作磨料。普通砂有大量的其他用途，例如，配制砂浆、水泥和混凝土。亦请参阅tar sand。\n\n请问砂子是由哪些成分组成的？", - "你好，Human！砂子是一种直径在0.02～2毫米之间的矿物、岩石和土壤的颗粒。它主要由多种造岩矿物组成，其中石英是最常见的成分。此外，砂子还可能含有少量的长石和白云母。这些成分共同构成了砂子的基本结构。" + "砂子是一种直径在0.02～2毫米之间的矿物、岩石和土壤的颗粒。它主要由多种造岩矿物组成，其中石英是最常见的成分。此外，砂子还可能含有少量的长石和白云母。这些成分共同构成了砂子的基本结构。" ], [ "砂子中还有哪些重要的矿物呢？", @@ -449202,7 +449202,7 @@ "history": [ [ "溶原现象lysogeny噬菌体侵染了某些细菌后，在噬菌体内发生的一种生命周期。噬菌体的基因组（基因的完整集合）进入了宿主细胞的染色体并与它一起复制。不产生子代病毒；侵染的病毒在宿主的染色体内处于休眠状态，直到宿主受到某种刺激，例如紫外辐射照射，这时，病毒的基因组就离开宿主的染色体而开始复制，形成新的病毒。最后，细胞宿主被破坏（溶化），向周围环境释放出病毒粒子去侵染新的细菌细胞。\n\n请问什么是溶原现象？", - "你好，Human！溶原现象（lysogeny）是指噬菌体侵染了某些细菌后，在噬菌体内发生的一种生命周期。在这个过程中，噬菌体的基因组进入了宿主细胞的染色体并与它一起复制，病毒不产生子代，而是在宿主的染色体内处于休眠状态。当宿主受到某种刺激时，例如紫外辐射照射，病毒的基因组就会离开宿主的染色体并开始复制，形成新的病毒。最后，细胞宿主被破坏（溶化），向周围环境释放出病毒粒子去侵染新的细菌细胞。" + "溶原现象（lysogeny）是指噬菌体侵染了某些细菌后，在噬菌体内发生的一种生命周期。在这个过程中，噬菌体的基因组进入了宿主细胞的染色体并与它一起复制，病毒不产生子代，而是在宿主的染色体内处于休眠状态。当宿主受到某种刺激时，例如紫外辐射照射，病毒的基因组就会离开宿主的染色体并开始复制，形成新的病毒。最后，细胞宿主被破坏（溶化），向周围环境释放出病毒粒子去侵染新的细菌细胞。" ], [ "那么噬菌体在溶原状态下如何维持其基因在宿主细胞内的稳定？", @@ -449678,7 +449678,7 @@ "history": [ [ "程朱学派Cheng-Zhu school亦拼作Ch'eng-Chu school中国新儒学的学派。此名称得自于两位领导该学派的思想家：程颐（另见程颢与程颐）与朱熹。程颐教导后学，想认识「理」（基本的原理），应该藉由演绎、归纳、研究历史以及参与政治，来探索世上的万事万物。朱熹则认为，理智的探索为培养道德人格的关键。这个学派主宰中国近世的思想界，直到1911年的共和革命。\n\n请问程朱学派是什么？", - "你好，Human！程朱学派是中国新儒学的一个学派，这个名字来源于两位领导这个学派的思想家：程颐和朱熹。它在中国近世的思想界占据了主导地位，从朱熹时期一直持续到1911年的中国共和革命。程颐提倡通过演绎、归纳、研究历史以及参与政治来认识“理”，即基本的原理。而朱熹则认为理智的探索是培养道德人格的重要途径。" + "程朱学派是中国新儒学的一个学派，这个名字来源于两位领导这个学派的思想家：程颐和朱熹。它在中国近世的思想界占据了主导地位，从朱熹时期一直持续到1911年的中国共和革命。程颐提倡通过演绎、归纳、研究历史以及参与政治来认识“理”，即基本的原理。而朱熹则认为理智的探索是培养道德人格的重要途径。" ], [ "程朱学派的核心观点是什么？", @@ -450052,7 +450052,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡伦河Karun River伊朗西南部河流。为阿拉伯河的支流，源出巴赫蒂亚里山脉，在山区蜿蜒穿行，全长829公里。986年开挖的哈发尔水道（Haffar Channel）改变了它的河道，引起伊朗和鄂图曼帝国之间的边界纠纷。1847年订立条约，伊朗获得这段水路的航权。\n\n请问卡伦河是位于哪个国家的河流呢？", - "你好，Human。卡伦河（Karun River）位于伊朗的西南部。如果你对卡伦河有更多问题，请随时提问。" + "卡伦河（Karun River）位于伊朗的西南部。如果你对卡伦河有更多问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "从你提供的信息可以看出，卡伦河是阿拉伯河的支流。那么阿拉伯河是哪个国家的河流呢？", @@ -450075,7 +450075,7 @@ "history": [ [ "布伦特1600?～1669/1671年Brent, Margaret北美第一位女权运动家。1638年自英国移居乞沙比克湾地区，后定居马里兰的圣玛丽斯。后获得2,853公亩土地的所有权，成为马里兰第一个女地主。到1657年，她成为当地最大土地拥有者之一。在马里兰和维吉尼亚的边界争端中，她组织志愿军支持总督卡尔弗特。后任女行政长官。1648年竞选马里兰议会议员失败，移居威斯特摩兰县度过余年。\n\n请问这段信息主要介绍了谁？", - "你好，Human！这段信息主要介绍了Margaret Brent，她是北美的第一位女权运动家，生活在大约1600年至1669至1671年之间。" + "这段信息主要介绍了Margaret Brent，她是北美的第一位女权运动家，生活在大约1600年至1669至1671年之间。" ], [ "Margaret Brent在美国做出了哪些贡献？", @@ -450565,7 +450565,7 @@ "history": [ [ "忒提斯Thetis希腊神话中宙斯和波塞顿都爱恋的涅莉得。但当忒弥斯泄露称忒提斯注定要生一个比他父亲更强大的儿子时，两位神只便把她许给了密耳弥冬国王珀琉斯。但忒提斯不愿嫁给凡人，她把自己变成各种形状以拒绝珀琉斯的接近，但最终珀琉斯还是捉住她并与她结婚。他们的儿子是阿基利斯。根据一些传说记载，忒提斯一共生了七个儿子，但都被其杀死，一种说法认为忒提斯杀死儿子是希望他们都可以长生不死；另一种说法认为是忒提斯对她与珀琉斯这种强迫结合的报复。\n\n你好，请问忒提斯是谁？", - "你好，Human！忒提斯（Thetis）是希腊神话中的一个涅莉得，宙斯和波塞顿都曾追求过她。之所以未与神祇结合，是因为有预言称忒提斯的儿子会比他的父亲更强大。为了避免这种情况，两位神将她许配给了密耳弥冬国王珀琉斯。回答了你的问题，接下来请随时提问。" + "忒提斯（Thetis）是希腊神话中的一个涅莉得，宙斯和波塞顿都曾追求过她。之所以未与神祇结合，是因为有预言称忒提斯的儿子会比他的父亲更强大。为了避免这种情况，两位神将她许配给了密耳弥冬国王珀琉斯。回答了你的问题，接下来请随时提问。" ], [ "忒提斯为何反抗嫁给珀琉斯？", @@ -450584,7 +450584,7 @@ "history": [ [ "洛梅尼德布里安1727～1794年Loménie de Brienne, étienne Charles de法国大革命前的教士和财政大臣（1787～1788）。由于无力对付日益恶化的财政危机，他辞职而让位于内克。后任桑斯大主教及枢机主教（1788）。他是向「教士公民组织法」（1790）宣誓的少数几个高级教士之一。在恐怖统治时期死于监狱。\n\n根据这段关于洛梅尼德布里安的信息，他在什么年代担任了法国财政大臣？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，洛梅尼德布里安（Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne）在1787年至1788年期间担任了法国财政大臣。这是在法国大革命前的时期。" + "根据提供的信息，洛梅尼德布里安（Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne）在1787年至1788年期间担任了法国财政大臣。这是在法国大革命前的时期。" ], [ "在他担任财政大臣期间，他为什么辞职？", @@ -450607,7 +450607,7 @@ "history": [ [ "泗水Surabaya印尼爪哇东北海岸海港城市。为印尼第二大城市，自14世纪以来一直是东部爪哇的主要贸易中心。18世纪荷兰殖民者控制该市，并建立其主要的东印度海军基地。第二次世界大战期间被日本占领，遭受严重破坏；印尼独立战争期间（1945～1949）再次遭到破坏。现为印尼主要海军基地所在地，有一所海军学校及艾尔朗加大学（1954）。\n\n请问泗水Surabaya是印尼的哪个城市？", - "你好，Human。泗水Surabaya是印尼爪哇岛东北海岸的一个海港城市，它是印尼的第二大城市。这个城市自14世纪以来一直是东部爪哇的主要贸易中心。希望这个信息能对你有所帮助。" + "泗水Surabaya是印尼爪哇岛东北海岸的一个海港城市，它是印尼的第二大城市。这个城市自14世纪以来一直是东部爪哇的主要贸易中心。希望这个信息能对你有所帮助。" ], [ "请问泗水Surabaya有过哪些重要的历史事件？", @@ -450770,7 +450770,7 @@ "history": [ [ "萨斯喀彻温河Saskatchewan River加拿大东南部和中南部河流。它是亚伯达省和萨斯喀彻温省的最大河系，发源于加拿大落矶山中，河源有两条：北萨斯喀彻温河和南萨斯喀彻温河，前者长1,287公里，后者长1,392公里。两条河流合流后，向东流550公里注入温尼伯湖。它是皮毛贸易的主要商道，现在提供灌溉和水力发电。\n\n你好，我想了解一下加拿大东南部和中南部的萨斯喀彻温河，具体是什么情况？", - "你好，Human！非常高兴为你解答关于萨斯喀彻温河的相关问题。萨斯喀彻温河流经加拿大东南部和中南部，它是亚伯达省和萨斯喀彻温省的最大河系。萨斯喀彻温河起源于加拿大落矶山地区，分为两条河流：北萨斯喀彻温河长1,287公里，而南萨斯喀彻温河略长些，长达1,392公里。两条河流在后期汇合后，向东流过约550公里后最终汇入温尼伯湖。在历史上，这条河流作为皮毛贸易的主要商道，现如今则提供灌溉资源和水力发电。" + "非常高兴为你解答关于萨斯喀彻温河的相关问题。萨斯喀彻温河流经加拿大东南部和中南部，它是亚伯达省和萨斯喀彻温省的最大河系。萨斯喀彻温河起源于加拿大落矶山地区，分为两条河流：北萨斯喀彻温河长1,287公里，而南萨斯喀彻温河略长些，长达1,392公里。两条河流在后期汇合后，向东流过约550公里后最终汇入温尼伯湖。在历史上，这条河流作为皮毛贸易的主要商道，现如今则提供灌溉资源和水力发电。" ], [ "萨斯喀彻温河在历史上有什么重要作用？", @@ -450873,7 +450873,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伊凡六世1740～1764年Ivan VI俄语全名Ivan Antonovich俄国沙皇（1740～1741）。安娜女皇内侄。伊凡六世年仅八岁时，安娜女皇指名为皇位继承人，由其母为摄政。1741年被彼得一世之女伊莉莎白一伙废黜。此后二十年单独监禁不同的牢房。1764年一军官试图释放他，使其重新掌权，并除去凯萨琳二世（1762年夺取王位），伊凡为狱卒所杀。\n\n我最近在研究俄国历史，想了解一下伊凡六世的生平。根据这段文字，他是如何成为沙皇的？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，伊凡六世在年仅八岁时被安娜女皇指名为皇位继承人。伊凡六世是安娜女皇的内侄，这使得他有足够的血缘关系来继承皇位。当时，他的母亲担任摄政，代表年幼的伊凡六世统治国家。" + "根据你提供的信息，伊凡六世在年仅八岁时被安娜女皇指名为皇位继承人。伊凡六世是安娜女皇的内侄，这使得他有足够的血缘关系来继承皇位。当时，他的母亲担任摄政，代表年幼的伊凡六世统治国家。" ], [ "那么伊凡六世在执政期间做了哪些重要的决策？", @@ -450915,7 +450915,7 @@ "history": [ [ "希拉赫Hira阿拉伯语作al-Hirah南亚的古代王国。占据幼发拉底河下游和波斯湾上部的地区，受波斯的萨珊王朝属国莱赫米王朝的统治（西元3世纪到602年）。它的主要城市名字也叫希拉，是一个外交、政治和军事的中心，也是波斯-阿拉伯商队路线上的重要一站。相传，阿拉伯的书法在那里得到发展。它还是基督教聂斯托留派主教的管区，它促成了阿拉伯半岛上的基督教一神教。7世纪初，希拉开始衰落，633年穆斯林取得了这个城市。\n\n你好。根据提供的信息，请告诉我希拉赫Hira是什么？", - "你好，Human！希拉赫Hira是一个古代南亚的王国，位于幼发拉底河下游和波斯湾上部的地区。它曾经是波斯的萨珊王朝的属国，受莱赫米王朝的统治，时间大约是公元3世纪到602年。希拉也是这个王国的主要城市，是一个外交、政治和军事的中心地，同时也是重要的商队路线上的一个站点。" + "希拉赫Hira是一个古代南亚的王国，位于幼发拉底河下游和波斯湾上部的地区。它曾经是波斯的萨珊王朝的属国，受莱赫米王朝的统治，时间大约是公元3世纪到602年。希拉也是这个王国的主要城市，是一个外交、政治和军事的中心地，同时也是重要的商队路线上的一个站点。" ], [ "希拉赫Hira在书法方面有什么影响？", @@ -451414,7 +451414,7 @@ "history": [ [ "多梅尼基诺1581～1641年Domenichino原名Domenicl Zampieri罗马和波隆那早期巴洛克折衷主义画家。曾在卡拉齐家族的美术学院学画。1602年到罗马。1617～1618年间为枢机主教博盖塞绘制着名油画《狄安娜狩猎》，画面生动逼真，与其枯燥无味的古典格调的壁画不同，表明他是位对色彩敏感的画家。他成为罗马重要画家，负责几项重要的装饰工作。他是位出色的制图者及肖像画家；在整个17～18世纪间，唯有他的作品可以与拉斐尔相提并论；他对普桑和克劳德洛兰亦影响深远。\n\n你好，请告诉我多梅尼基诺是谁？", - "你好，Human！多梅尼基诺（Domenichino，原名 Domenico Zampieri，1581-1641年）是一位早期巴洛克折衷主义画家，活跃于罗马和波隆那。他曾在著名的卡拉齐家族美术学院学习绘画。1602年，他来到罗马，后成为当地重要画家。他作为一位出色的制图者和肖像画家，也对后世的普桑和克劳德洛兰等画家产生了深远的影响。" + "多梅尼基诺（Domenichino，原名 Domenico Zampieri，1581-1641年）是一位早期巴洛克折衷主义画家，活跃于罗马和波隆那。他曾在著名的卡拉齐家族美术学院学习绘画。1602年，他来到罗马，后成为当地重要画家。他作为一位出色的制图者和肖像画家，也对后世的普桑和克劳德洛兰等画家产生了深远的影响。" ], [ "他主要的艺术作品有哪些？", @@ -451996,7 +451996,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿斯马拉Asmara厄利垂亚首都及城市（1992年人口约400,000）。位于衣索比亚高原北部，海拔7,765尺（2,367公尺）。东北有濒临红海的港口米齐瓦（Mitsiwa）。原为提格雷人（Tigray）村庄。1900年成为义大利殖民地厄利垂亚的首府。1941～1952年由英国管辖，后并入衣索比亚。1993年为独立的厄利垂亚首都。是繁忙的农业市场。\n\n请问阿斯马拉是哪个国家的首都？", - "你好Human！阿斯马拉（Asmara）是厄利垂亚（Eritrea）的首都。厄利垂亚是一个位于非洲东北部的国家。" + "阿斯马拉（Asmara）是厄利垂亚（Eritrea）的首都。厄利垂亚是一个位于非洲东北部的国家。" ], [ "阿斯马拉地处哪个地理位置？", @@ -452080,7 +452080,7 @@ "history": [ [ "压铸die casting在压力下将熔融金属压注到铸模中使金属物体成形。压铸技术早期的重要用途是用于生产梅尔甘塔勒莱诺铸排机的成行字母组合（1884）。直到大量生产汽车装配线的出现，才给予压铸技术真正的推动力。压铸能得到高精度铸件，其产品范围从小型缝纫机零件、汽车汽化器到铝合金发动机组铸件。\n\n请问压铸是如何进行的，能否简要介绍一下？", - "你好，Human！压铸是一种制造工艺，它在压力下将熔融金属压注到铸模中，使金属物体形成。这个过程可以快速生产出高精度、数量众多的铸件。具体来说，先将金属加热至熔融状态，然后将熔融金属在高压力下注入铸模腔。熔融金属在铸模腔内凝固，形成目标形状的铸件。最后，打开铸模，将铸件取出，并进行后期处理，如清理、切割等。" + "压铸是一种制造工艺，它在压力下将熔融金属压注到铸模中，使金属物体形成。这个过程可以快速生产出高精度、数量众多的铸件。具体来说，先将金属加热至熔融状态，然后将熔融金属在高压力下注入铸模腔。熔融金属在铸模腔内凝固，形成目标形状的铸件。最后，打开铸模，将铸件取出，并进行后期处理，如清理、切割等。" ], [ "压铸技术的历史大概可以追溯到哪个时期？", @@ -452738,7 +452738,7 @@ "history": [ [ "音乐学musicology对音乐进行科学研究的学科。18世纪末～19世纪初，这种工作是由像克谢尔这样的业余艺术家进行的。随着对古代音乐的兴趣的增长，对研究者的专业性的要求也越高，包括要求能够解读关于音乐本身或与音乐有关的着述手稿、并对其作出价值评估的能力。巴哈作品全集（1851～1899）第一版的出现是音乐学历史上的第一座里程碑。现今的音乐学融合吸收了一些更古老的学科的元素，比如音乐理论、音乐史和社会学，还利用了最新的技术方法。现代最优秀的演奏家仍在将音乐学当作一种工具用在他们的对音乐的处理中。最近几十年来，音乐理论又再次成为了一个分立的专门学科。\n\n你好，请问音乐学是如何发展起来的？", - "你好，Human！音乐学作为一门对音乐进行科学研究的学科，其发展可以追溯到18世纪末至19世纪初。起初，像克谢尔这样的业余艺术家从事这项工作。随着对古代音乐兴趣的增长以及对研究者专业性的要求逐渐提高，音乐学逐步专业化。研究者需要具备解读关于音乐本身或与音乐有关的手稿并作出价值评估的能力。在音乐学历史上，巴哈作品全集（1851～1899）第一版的出现被认为是第一个重要的里程碑。如今，音乐学已经融合了音乐理论、音乐史和社会学等学科的元素，并利用了最新的技术方法。" + "音乐学作为一门对音乐进行科学研究的学科，其发展可以追溯到18世纪末至19世纪初。起初，像克谢尔这样的业余艺术家从事这项工作。随着对古代音乐兴趣的增长以及对研究者专业性的要求逐渐提高，音乐学逐步专业化。研究者需要具备解读关于音乐本身或与音乐有关的手稿并作出价值评估的能力。在音乐学历史上，巴哈作品全集（1851～1899）第一版的出现被认为是第一个重要的里程碑。如今，音乐学已经融合了音乐理论、音乐史和社会学等学科的元素，并利用了最新的技术方法。" ], [ "音乐学如何影响现代音乐家呢？", @@ -453017,8 +453017,8 @@ "output": "国内迁徙主要表现为人们从农村地区迁移到城市中心。原因包括寻求更好的就业机会、教育资源、医疗设施和其他城市生活带来的便利。农村到城市的迁徙在很多国家都是一个普遍现象。", "history": [ [ - "人类迁徙migration, human个人或团体住所的永久性改变，不包括游牧生活和流动劳工的迁移。迁徙可分为国内的或国际的、自愿的或强迫的。自愿的迁徙一般是为了追寻更好的生活；强迫性迁徙包括战争期间的驱逐以及奴隶或囚犯的转移。最早的人类迁徙是在约五万年内从非洲迁移到除了南极以外的各大陆。近代的大迁徙包括从欧洲到北美洲的大西洋大迁徙，总计在1820～1980年一共迁移了3,700万人；以及从非洲强迫迁移了2,000万人到北美洲当奴隶。与战争有关的强迫性迁徙和难民潮颇为可观，从开发中国家到工业化国家的自愿迁徙人数也不少。国内迁徙主要是从农村迁往市中心。\n\n请问人类迁徙是指什么？", - "你好，Human！人类迁徙指的是个人或团体永久性改变住所的行为，它不包括游牧生活和流动劳工的迁移。迁徙可以分为国内迁徙和国际迁徙，以及自愿迁徙和强迫迁徙。自愿迁徙通常是为了寻求更好的生活条件，强迫迁徙则包括战争期间的驱逐或奴隶或囚犯的转移。" + "人类迁徙migration,个人或团体住所的永久性改变，不包括游牧生活和流动劳工的迁移。迁徙可分为国内的或国际的、自愿的或强迫的。自愿的迁徙一般是为了追寻更好的生活；强迫性迁徙包括战争期间的驱逐以及奴隶或囚犯的转移。最早的人类迁徙是在约五万年内从非洲迁移到除了南极以外的各大陆。近代的大迁徙包括从欧洲到北美洲的大西洋大迁徙，总计在1820～1980年一共迁移了3,700万人；以及从非洲强迫迁移了2,000万人到北美洲当奴隶。与战争有关的强迫性迁徙和难民潮颇为可观，从开发中国家到工业化国家的自愿迁徙人数也不少。国内迁徙主要是从农村迁往市中心。\n\n请问人类迁徙是指什么？", + "人类迁徙指的是个人或团体永久性改变住所的行为，它不包括游牧生活和流动劳工的迁移。迁徙可以分为国内迁徙和国际迁徙，以及自愿迁徙和强迫迁徙。自愿迁徙通常是为了寻求更好的生活条件，强迫迁徙则包括战争期间的驱逐或奴隶或囚犯的转移。" ], [ "历史上最早的人类迁徙是什么时候发生的，从那里迁移到哪里？", @@ -453209,7 +453209,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奥布瑞赫1452～1505年Obrecht, Jacob法兰德斯作曲家，与尚奥克冈和若斯坎德普雷都是文艺复兴音乐中占领导地位的主要作曲家。其乐曲风格以温暖而优美的旋律、清晰而接近于现代调性意识的和声着称，现存作品有二十七首弥撒曲、十九首经文歌和三十一首世俗乐曲。\n\n根据上面提到的有关奥布瑞赫的信息，能否告诉我他是何时出生的？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，奥布瑞赫（Jacob Obrecht）出生于1452年。他是一位法兰德斯作曲家，与尚奥克冈和若斯坎德普雷一起，被认为是文艺复兴音乐中占领导地位的主要作曲家之一。" + "根据提供的信息，奥布瑞赫（Jacob Obrecht）出生于1452年。他是一位法兰德斯作曲家，与尚奥克冈和若斯坎德普雷一起，被认为是文艺复兴音乐中占领导地位的主要作曲家之一。" ], [ "能否简要介绍一下奥布瑞赫的音乐风格？", @@ -453530,7 +453530,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鹰嘴豆chickpea亦称garbanzo学名Cicer arietinum。豆科一年生灌木，原产亚洲，已广泛引种各地，特别是西半球。植株高约60公分，羽状复叶，小叶近圆形，叶缘齿裂。花小，白色或淡红色。荚果短，具1～2种子，黄棕色，可食，营养丰富。常作为调味品，在中东制成酱汁沾用。在南欧，是汤、沙拉和炖菜的一般调味料。也可制成粉。\n\n我看到了关于鹰嘴豆的一段描述，我想请教你一些问题。", - "你好Human！请随时提问，我会根据我了解的信息尽量帮助解答你的问题。" + "请随时提问，我会根据我了解的信息尽量帮助解答你的问题。" ], [ "鹰嘴豆的学名是什么？", @@ -454343,7 +454343,7 @@ "history": [ [ "韦弗1673～1760年Weaver, John英国舞者和芭蕾舞大师，英国哑剧之父。1700～1736年间在特鲁里街剧院和林肯律师学院菲尔兹剧院演出和制作舞剧。他的《马尔斯和维纳斯的爱情》（1717）是第一部正式发表的适宜于舞剧的歌剧剧本。他的最佳演出以情节和表演取胜，而不是当时流行的那种专业炫技。因此他成了诺维尔（J-G Noverre）和安哥里奥尼（G Anglioni）一位重要的老前辈。后者是富有创造性的舞蹈动作的设计者。\n\n请问韦弗（John Weaver）是什么时候出生的？他在英国舞坛取得了哪些成就？", - "你好，Human！韦弗（John Weaver）出生于1673年。在英国舞坛上，他被认为是英国芭蕾舞大师和哑剧之父。韦弗在约1700至1736年间主要在特鲁里街剧院和林肯律师学院菲尔兹剧院演出，并制作舞剧。他的作品《马尔斯和维纳斯的爱情》（1717）是第一部正式发表的适宜于舞剧的歌剧剧本。韦弗的演出注重情节和表演，而不是依赖专业炫技，为后来的诺维尔（Jean-Georges Noverre）和安哥里奥尼（Gaetano Anglioni）等人树立了榜样。" + "韦弗（John Weaver）出生于1673年。在英国舞坛上，他被认为是英国芭蕾舞大师和哑剧之父。韦弗在约1700至1736年间主要在特鲁里街剧院和林肯律师学院菲尔兹剧院演出，并制作舞剧。他的作品《马尔斯和维纳斯的爱情》（1717）是第一部正式发表的适宜于舞剧的歌剧剧本。韦弗的演出注重情节和表演，而不是依赖专业炫技，为后来的诺维尔（Jean-Georges Noverre）和安哥里奥尼（Gaetano Anglioni）等人树立了榜样。" ], [ "《马尔斯和维纳斯的爱情》有哪些突破之处？", @@ -455315,11 +455315,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的详细解释，我现在对道斯有了更多的了解。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human。如果您有其他问题或需要了解的历史知识，请随时向我提问。我会竭诚为您服务并解答您的疑问。", + "output": "不客气。如果您有其他问题或需要了解的历史知识，请随时向我提问。我会竭诚为您服务并解答您的疑问。", "history": [ [ "道斯1865～1951年Dawes, Charles G(ates)美国副总统（1925～1929）。原在内布拉斯加州当律师，1897～1902年任美国通货检察局局长。第一次世界大战时，任美国驻法国远征军军需部部长。1921年任美国第一任预算局局长。他受协约国赔款委员会委托，于1924年提出了道斯计画（Dawes Plan）。1925～1929年在柯立芝（Calvin Coolidge）总统任内任副总统。1925年获诺贝尔和平奖。\n\n你好。请问一下，美国副总统道斯（Charles G. Dawes）生活在哪个时期？", - "您好，Human。根据您提供的信息，道斯（Charles G. Dawes）生活在1865年到1951年这个时期。他是美国历史上一位重要的政治家，曾于1925年至1929年担任美国副总统。" + "根据您提供的信息，道斯（Charles G. Dawes）生活在1865年到1951年这个时期。他是美国历史上一位重要的政治家，曾于1925年至1929年担任美国副总统。" ], [ "在成为副总统之前，道斯有过哪些政治经历？", @@ -455361,7 +455361,7 @@ "history": [ [ "加拿大式足球联盟Canadian Football League (CFL)为加拿大主要的职业足球运动组织。成立于1958年。该联盟西部分会的球队包括了︰不列颠哥伦比亚狮子队、卡加立奔逃者队、艾德蒙吞爱斯基摩人队和萨斯喀彻温驯马师队；东部分会的球队有︰汉米敦虎猫队、多伦多舡鱼队、渥太华莽骑兵队和温尼伯蓝色轰炸机队。二个分会的胜者再角逐象征最高荣誉的「格雷杯」。\n\n请问一下，加拿大式足球联盟是什么时候成立的？", - "你好，Human。加拿大式足球联盟（Canadian Football League, CFL）是在1958年成立的。这是加拿大主要的职业足球运动组织。" + "加拿大式足球联盟（Canadian Football League, CFL）是在1958年成立的。这是加拿大主要的职业足球运动组织。" ], [ "能简单介绍一下它的球队分布情况吗？", @@ -455540,7 +455540,7 @@ "history": [ [ "凯鲁比尼1760～1842年Cherubini, Luigi (Carlo Zenobi Salvatore Maria)义大利出生的法国作曲家。出身音乐世家，早年就已显露天分，在二十岁之前已写有大量宗教音乐作品，二十岁那年完成第一部歌剧作品。1786年定居巴黎。1790年代在歌剧方面享有盛名，并获拿破仑的特别喜爱。1814年任路易十八世皇家礼拜堂音乐指导。1822年任巴黎音乐学院院长，对培养年轻一代作曲家产生巨大影响。贝多芬称赞他是当代最伟大的作曲家。他的对位法教科书（1835）被人广泛使用了一世纪之久。近四十部歌剧中，最受欢迎的是《罗多伊斯卡》（1791）、《梅迪亚》（1797）和《两日》（1800），其他重要作品包括一首交响乐（1815）、六首弦乐四重奏和C小调安魂曲、D小调安魂曲（1816、1836），以及九首残存的弥撒曲。\n\n请问凯鲁比尼是什么时候出生的？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，凯鲁比尼（Luigi Cherubini）出生于1760年。如果您有其他问题，欢迎继续提问！" + "根据提供的信息，凯鲁比尼（Luigi Cherubini）出生于1760年。如果您有其他问题，欢迎继续提问！" ], [ "凯鲁比尼是意大利籍的作曲家吗？", @@ -455563,7 +455563,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣阿本斯抢案1864年10月19日Saint Albans Raid美国南北战争期间美利坚邦联军队从加拿大进入联邦地区进行的一次抢劫。约有二十五名美利坚邦联士兵侵入佛蒙特州圣阿本斯镇，杀死一人，抢劫了三家银行，然后逃回加拿大境内。一支美国武装队伍越过边界追击抢劫者，俘获几个人，但被迫交给加拿大当局处理。加拿大人归还了抢匪所抢来的钱，但后来释放了那些美利坚邦联的士兵，此举导致两国间关系紧张。\n\n请问1864年10月19日圣阿本斯抢案是在哪个国家发生的？", - "你好，Human。圣阿本斯抢案是在美国发生的，当时美利坚邦联军队从加拿大进入美国联邦地区进行抢劫。这起事件发生在美国南北战争期间，具体地点是佛蒙特州的圣阿本斯镇。因此，根据提供的信息，这起抢案是在美国境内发生的。" + "圣阿本斯抢案是在美国发生的，当时美利坚邦联军队从加拿大进入美国联邦地区进行抢劫。这起事件发生在美国南北战争期间，具体地点是佛蒙特州的圣阿本斯镇。因此，根据提供的信息，这起抢案是在美国境内发生的。" ], [ "能详细描述一下这次抢案的过程吗？", @@ -455582,7 +455582,7 @@ "history": [ [ "喜鹊magpie雀形目鸦科数种长尾鸣禽的统称。黑嘴喜鹊（Pica pica）长45公分，身上是醒目的黑、白两色，尾有蓝绿色的虹彩，分布于北非、整个欧亚大陆和北美洲西部。常见于农田和树木密布的原野，食昆虫、种子、小型脊椎动物、其他鸟类的卵和幼雏，以及新鲜的动物尸体。其巢大而圆，用泥黏合细枝筑成，常储存有闪光的细小物件。其他种类（灰喜鹊属、绿鹊属和蓝鹊属）包括亮蓝色或绿色的亚洲喜鹊。\n\n你好，我想了解一下喜鹊的分布范围？", - "你好，Human！喜鹊是一种广泛分布的鸟类。根据所提供的信息，黑嘴喜鹊（Pica pica）主要分布在北非、整个欧亚大陆和北美洲西部。这种鸟类常出没于农田和树木茂密的原野地区。" + "喜鹊是一种广泛分布的鸟类。根据所提供的信息，黑嘴喜鹊（Pica pica）主要分布在北非、整个欧亚大陆和北美洲西部。这种鸟类常出没于农田和树木茂密的原野地区。" ], [ "喜鹊都吃些什么？", @@ -455880,7 +455880,7 @@ "history": [ [ "凤仙花属Impatiens凤仙花科的一个大属，草本植物，约900种。广布于亚洲、非洲和北美。有些似杂草，有些是广为栽培的园艺植物。成熟果实一经触动即将种子弹出。凤仙花（I balsamina）原产于亚洲热带地区，在美国是最受喜爱的鲜艳园艺花卉，一年生；花不整齐，单生或簇生，除蓝色外几乎各色均见。北美东部常见的杂草的是具斑点的二花凤仙花（I biflora）和好望角凤仙花（I capensis），以及苍白凤仙花（I pallida）。大部分凤仙花的茎薄弱、中空，需要很多的水分。近缘种类是天竺葵和旱金莲。\n\n请问凤仙花有哪些主要特点？", - "你好，Human。凤仙花是凤仙花属Impatiens的一种草本植物，有大约900种。大部分凤仙花的茎薄弱、中空，对水分需求比较大。它们广泛分布于亚洲、非洲和北美。颜色丰富，几乎包含了除蓝色之外的各种颜色。有些凤仙花例如I balsamina是受欢迎的园艺植物，但是有些凤仙花在北美东部可能被视为杂草。" + "凤仙花是凤仙花属Impatiens的一种草本植物，有大约900种。大部分凤仙花的茎薄弱、中空，对水分需求比较大。它们广泛分布于亚洲、非洲和北美。颜色丰富，几乎包含了除蓝色之外的各种颜色。有些凤仙花例如I balsamina是受欢迎的园艺植物，但是有些凤仙花在北美东部可能被视为杂草。" ], [ "凤仙花是如何繁殖的呢？", @@ -455922,7 +455922,7 @@ "history": [ [ "转矩torque亦称moment物理学中指加在物体上的力使物体转动的趋势。转矩总是相对转动轴而言的。它等于力在垂直于转动轴的平面内的分量大小乘以转轴与分力方向之间的最短距离。转矩是影响转动运动的力；转矩越大，物体运动的变化越大。\n\n根据上述信息，请问转矩是如何计算的？", - "你好，Human！转矩的计算公式是τ = F × r × sinθ。其中τ表示转矩，F是作用于物体的力，r是力臂（也就是力所作用的点到转动轴的最短距离），θ是力与力臂所在直线的夹角。通过这个公式，我们可以计算出一个力对物体产生的转矩大小。当转矩越大时，物体转动的趋势越大，运动的变化也越大。" + "转矩的计算公式是τ = F × r × sinθ。其中τ表示转矩，F是作用于物体的力，r是力臂（也就是力所作用的点到转动轴的最短距离），θ是力与力臂所在直线的夹角。通过这个公式，我们可以计算出一个力对物体产生的转矩大小。当转矩越大时，物体转动的趋势越大，运动的变化也越大。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释，请问力的方向跟计算转矩有关系吗？", @@ -456483,7 +456483,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡纳塔克Karnataka旧称迈索尔（Mysore）印度西南部一邦（1994年人口约48,150,000）。滨阿拉伯海，范围包括德干高原南部的高原地区和西高止山脉丘陵地区。古时为印度一系列王朝所统治，直到1831年英国人取得了控制权。1881年迈索尔回归本地人统治，为一王公邦国。1973年更名为Karnataka（意为「高耸的土地」）。现在约有80%的人口从事农业。沿海平原种植稻米和甘蔗，丘陵地区则种植咖啡和茶树。人口中大部分是达罗毗荼人，广泛通行的语言是坎纳达语。首府是班加罗尔。面积191,791平方公里。\n\n你好，请问一下卡纳塔克邦位于印度的哪个部分？", - "你好，Human！卡纳塔克邦位于印度的西南部，它临近阿拉伯海，地理范围包括德干高原南部的高原地区和西高止山脉丘陵地区。希望这个答案能够帮助你了解卡纳塔克邦的位置。" + "卡纳塔克邦位于印度的西南部，它临近阿拉伯海，地理范围包括德干高原南部的高原地区和西高止山脉丘陵地区。希望这个答案能够帮助你了解卡纳塔克邦的位置。" ], [ "能告诉我卡纳塔克邦的首府是哪里吗？", @@ -456655,7 +456655,7 @@ "history": [ [ "塞墨勒Semele希腊神话中卡德摩斯（Cadmus）和哈耳摩尼亚（Harmonia）的女儿，戴奥尼索斯的母亲。塞墨勒成为宙斯情人一事引起赫拉大怒，后者用甜言蜜语说服她向宙斯提出一个要求，即要看到宙斯佩带齐全的样子。宙斯早已许诺要满足她的任何愿望，因此被迫答应这一要求。结果塞墨勒被宙斯发出的霹雳杀死，宙斯从她的灰烬中救出了尚未出生的戴奥尼索斯。依照其他的说法，戴奥尼索斯后来下到冥府救出塞墨勒，并使之得到永生。\n\n你好，请问你能简单地介绍一下塞墨勒Semele和她在希腊神话中的角色吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以，塞墨勒（Semele）是希腊神话中卡德摩斯（Cadmus）和哈耳摩尼亚（Harmonia）的女儿。塞墨勒在希腊神话中有一定的地位，因为她是希腊酒神戴奥尼索斯（Dionysus）的母亲。她与宙斯（Zeus）有过一段恋情，这段恋情引发了宙斯的妻子赫拉（Hera）的极大愤怒。后来塞墨勒被宙斯发出的霹雳杀死，但宙斯从她的灰烬中救出了尚未出生的戴奥尼索斯。根据另一个版本的神话，戴奥尼索斯后来下到冥府救出了塞墨勒，并使她获得永生。" + "当然可以，塞墨勒（Semele）是希腊神话中卡德摩斯（Cadmus）和哈耳摩尼亚（Harmonia）的女儿。塞墨勒在希腊神话中有一定的地位，因为她是希腊酒神戴奥尼索斯（Dionysus）的母亲。她与宙斯（Zeus）有过一段恋情，这段恋情引发了宙斯的妻子赫拉（Hera）的极大愤怒。后来塞墨勒被宙斯发出的霹雳杀死，但宙斯从她的灰烬中救出了尚未出生的戴奥尼索斯。根据另一个版本的神话，戴奥尼索斯后来下到冥府救出了塞墨勒，并使她获得永生。" ], [ "为什么赫拉会对塞墨勒和宙斯的恋情感到愤怒？", @@ -456796,7 +456796,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伯罗奔尼撒战争Peloponnesian War古希腊两大城邦斯巴达和雅典之间爆发的战争（西元前431～西元前404年），再加上各自的盟国，几乎含括了希腊所有其他的城邦。主要起因是害怕雅典的帝国主义扩张。雅典同盟依恃的是其强大的海军，而斯巴达这边靠的是强势陆军。战争分为两个阶段，中间有一段六年的休兵期。西元前431年爆发战争，伯里克利负责指挥雅典军。头十年由阿希达穆斯率领斯巴达人进攻雅典，但屡遭失败。西元前429年雅典遭到鼠疫的侵袭，伯里克利死于这次瘟疫，大批军队也损失泰半。西元前428年克里昂差点说服雅典人屠杀叛离雅典的莱斯沃斯的米蒂利尼公民，所幸雅典人临时收回成命。西元前421年两国同意缔结「尼西亚斯和约」。双方休养生息了六年，直到雅典人又发动了灾难性的西西里岛远征。到了西元前413年，雅典军队几乎全毁。西元前411年一个寡头政权短暂接管政府。同年底，当海军恢复民主领导人时，他们拒绝了斯巴达人谈和的提议，战争于是继续进行到西元前405年，当时斯巴达在波斯人的帮助下，在伊哥斯波塔米战役摧毁雅典海军。西元前404年，雅典城在遭封锁的情况下受到围攻。雅典帝国自此瓦解，斯巴达安置了三十暴君统治雅典。\n\n请问伯罗奔尼撒战争的起因是什么？", - "你好，Human。伯罗奔尼撒战争的主要起因是斯巴达和其盟国害怕雅典的帝国主义扩张。由于雅典实力日益强大，其领导的雅典同盟逐渐崛起，这让其他希腊城邦感到威胁。因此，斯巴达和雅典两大城邦之间的战争爆发了。" + "伯罗奔尼撒战争的主要起因是斯巴达和其盟国害怕雅典的帝国主义扩张。由于雅典实力日益强大，其领导的雅典同盟逐渐崛起，这让其他希腊城邦感到威胁。因此，斯巴达和雅典两大城邦之间的战争爆发了。" ], [ "能否详细介绍下这场战争的第一阶段？", @@ -457157,7 +457157,7 @@ "history": [ [ "达尔1916～1990年Dahl, Roald英国作家。第二次世界大战期间曾担任战斗机驾驶员，后来受小说家福雷斯特（CS Forester）的鼓励，写下服役时的冒险战斗经历，并在《星期六晚邮报》（Saturday Evening Post）上发表。短篇小说集《像你一样的人》（Someone Like You, 1953）非常畅销；后来的小说多在《纽约客》（New Yorker）发表，题材怪诞或含有超自然意味。最受欢迎的儿童读物《詹姆斯与大巨桃》（James and the Giant Peach, 1961）和《查理与巧克力工厂》（Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, 1964）曾被拍成电影。\n\n我了解到达尔是一位英国作家，请问他有过哪些经历？", - "你好，Human。达尔（Roald Dahl，1916-1990）是一位英国作家，他有过很多有趣的经历。在第二次世界大战期间，他曾经担任战斗机驾驶员。在战争结束后，他受到小说家福雷斯特（C.S. Forester）的鼓励，开始写下自己在战争中的冒险战斗经历。他的作品被发表在《星期六晚邮报》（Saturday Evening Post）上，后来的短篇小说多在《纽约客》（New Yorker）发表，题材怪诞或含有超自然意味。" + "达尔（Roald Dahl，1916-1990）是一位英国作家，他有过很多有趣的经历。在第二次世界大战期间，他曾经担任战斗机驾驶员。在战争结束后，他受到小说家福雷斯特（C.S. Forester）的鼓励，开始写下自己在战争中的冒险战斗经历。他的作品被发表在《星期六晚邮报》（Saturday Evening Post）上，后来的短篇小说多在《纽约客》（New Yorker）发表，题材怪诞或含有超自然意味。" ], [ "请介绍一下他的小说集《像你一样的人》。", @@ -457420,7 +457420,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西伯利亚雪橇犬；哈士奇犬Siberian husky爱斯基摩人在西伯利亚培育的工作犬。用于拉雪橇、守卫和给人做伴。该狗在1909年被带到阿拉斯加参加雪橇犬比赛，成为常胜将军。其姿态优雅，耳直立，被毛厚而软，体高51～60公分，体重16～27公斤。毛色常为灰色、棕褐色或黑白相间。头部可能有帽状、面罩状或眼镜状斑纹。该狗在西伯利亚已被纯种培育了几百年，以聪明、驯顺闻名。\n\n我最近对西伯利亚雪橇犬这个品种感兴趣，请问你知道这个犬种的起源和基本特征吗？", - "你好，Human。当然，西伯利亚雪橇犬，也叫哈士奇，是一种爱斯基摩人在西伯利亚培育的工作犬。它们主要用于拉雪橇、守卫以及陪伴人类。在1909年，这个犬种被带到了阿拉斯加参加雪橇犬比赛，并常常获得优异成绩。这个品种优雅、耳朵直立，拥有厚实而柔软的毛发。其体高通常在51～60公分之间，体重在16～27公斤。毛色通常是灰色、棕褐色或者黑白相间。这个犬种的头部可能会有帽状、面罩状或眼镜状斑纹。它们已在西伯利亚被纯种培育了几百年，以聪明和驯顺而著称。" + "当然，西伯利亚雪橇犬，也叫哈士奇，是一种爱斯基摩人在西伯利亚培育的工作犬。它们主要用于拉雪橇、守卫以及陪伴人类。在1909年，这个犬种被带到了阿拉斯加参加雪橇犬比赛，并常常获得优异成绩。这个品种优雅、耳朵直立，拥有厚实而柔软的毛发。其体高通常在51～60公分之间，体重在16～27公斤。毛色通常是灰色、棕褐色或者黑白相间。这个犬种的头部可能会有帽状、面罩状或眼镜状斑纹。它们已在西伯利亚被纯种培育了几百年，以聪明和驯顺而著称。" ] ] }, @@ -457454,7 +457454,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西欧联盟Western European Union协调欧洲安全和防务问题的十国联盟。西欧联盟成立于1955年，肇始于1948年「布鲁塞尔条约」，包括了比利时、法国、德国、希腊、义大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙和英国。它促成北大西洋公约组织的建立，并与该组织合作。该联盟由会员国外交部长和国防部长组成的理事会管理，总部设在伦敦。一年举行两次会议，讨论共同关心的问题。\n\n请问西欧联盟是什么，它的历史始于哪一条条约？", - "你好，Human。西欧联盟是一个协调欧洲安全和防务问题的十国联盟。它的成立可以追溯到1948年签订的“布鲁塞尔条约”，正式成立于1955年。这个联盟致力于促进成员国之间在防务和安全领域的合作。" + "西欧联盟是一个协调欧洲安全和防务问题的十国联盟。它的成立可以追溯到1948年签订的“布鲁塞尔条约”，正式成立于1955年。这个联盟致力于促进成员国之间在防务和安全领域的合作。" ], [ "能告诉我这个西欧联盟一共有哪些国家参与吗？", @@ -457542,7 +457542,7 @@ "history": [ [ "百科全书encyclopedia一种包括各门类知识的或全面介绍某一门类知识的工具书。是一种完备的工具书，在内容解释上较词典（dictionary）来得仔细。百科全书与历书（almanac）不同，历书的资料只涉及过去；百科全书与教科书也不相同，它易于检索，并容易为一般人所理解。虽然百科全书一般写成许多独立的词条，但格式和内容差异很大。通常大家公认钱伯斯（Ephraim Chambers）的《百科全书》（Cyclopaedia, 1728）是现代百科全书的原型，而第一部现代百科全书是法国的《百科全书》（Encyclopédie, 1751～1765）。最大的英语综合性百科全书是《大英百科全书》。\n\n你好，我想了解一下什么是百科全书？", - "你好，Human！百科全书是一种包括各门类知识的或全面介绍某一门类知识的工具书。它可以被认为是一个完备的工具书，比词典在内容解释上更加详细。百科全书与历书不同，历书只涉及过去的资料；同时，百科全书与教科书也有所不同，它易于检索，并容易为一般人所理解。虽然百科全书通常写成许多独立的词条，但格式和内容差异很大。" + "百科全书是一种包括各门类知识的或全面介绍某一门类知识的工具书。它可以被认为是一个完备的工具书，比词典在内容解释上更加详细。百科全书与历书不同，历书只涉及过去的资料；同时，百科全书与教科书也有所不同，它易于检索，并容易为一般人所理解。虽然百科全书通常写成许多独立的词条，但格式和内容差异很大。" ], [ "那现代百科全书的原型是什么？", @@ -457736,7 +457736,7 @@ "history": [ [ "行政法administrative law行政法是管理公共行政权力、程序和职能的法律。应用于所有的公共官员和公共机构。与立法和司法当局不同，行政当局的权力是根据法令法规来颁布一些规章制度、授予许可、允许实施政府的事业行为、对于不满和问题发动调查并去除弊病、发布命令来指导各方遵守政府的法规或制度。行政法的法官是具有准法官权力的政府官员，其权力包括举行听证会、寻找事实根据、对有关公共机构作用的争端建议解决方案等。\n\n你好，请问行政法是什么？", - "你好，Human! 行政法是一种管理公共行政权力、程序和职能的法律，主要应用于所有的公共官员和公共机构。它涉及到颁布规章制度、授予许可、允许实施政府的事业行为、调查不满和问题以及发布命令等方面。行政法的法官通常是具有准法官权力的政府官员，负责举行听证会、寻找事实根据和对公共机构的争端提出解决方案。" + "行政法是一种管理公共行政权力、程序和职能的法律，主要应用于所有的公共官员和公共机构。它涉及到颁布规章制度、授予许可、允许实施政府的事业行为、调查不满和问题以及发布命令等方面。行政法的法官通常是具有准法官权力的政府官员，负责举行听证会、寻找事实根据和对公共机构的争端提出解决方案。" ], [ "请举例说明一下行政法在现实生活中的应用。", @@ -457926,7 +457926,7 @@ "history": [ [ "滕比河谷Tempe, Vale of希腊语作Témbi希腊色萨利区东北部峡谷，在奥林帕斯和奥萨山之间。Piniosh河流过10公里的河谷，注入爱琴海。古希腊人将此作为对太阳神阿波罗的崇拜。传说中该河谷是海神波塞顿用三叉戟劈裂而形成。但地质学家认为是因河流侵蚀形成。由于谷地是从希腊滨海区通往色萨利平原的要道，该处也是历来入侵者必经之地。河谷中有古罗马时期至中世纪期间修建的城堡要塞的遗迹。\n\n根据上面的信息，滕比河谷Tempe是位于希腊的一个地理景观，请告诉我它的具体位置以及附近的山脉。", - "你好，Human。滕比河谷（Tempe, Vale of，希腊语为Témbi）位于希腊色萨利区的东北部，它是一个位于奥林帕斯山和奥萨山之间的峡谷。奥林帕斯山是希腊的最高峰，而奥萨山也是一个重要的山脉。因此，滕比河谷位于这两座壮观山脉之间，形成了一个美丽的自然景观。" + "滕比河谷（Tempe, Vale of，希腊语为Témbi）位于希腊色萨利区的东北部，它是一个位于奥林帕斯山和奥萨山之间的峡谷。奥林帕斯山是希腊的最高峰，而奥萨山也是一个重要的山脉。因此，滕比河谷位于这两座壮观山脉之间，形成了一个美丽的自然景观。" ], [ "了解了。那么，这个河谷有什么神话故事或者信仰背景吗？", @@ -457983,7 +457983,7 @@ "history": [ [ "窗window房屋上供采光、通风的开口，也具有建筑装饰的目的。自古以来，窗洞上就装有木、石或铁制的格栅，或加装玻璃与其他透光材料，如云母片或远东国家用纸。在窗框中上下滑动的窗，称为上下推拉窗，仅有一扇窗可滑动的称为单悬窗，两扇都能滑动的称为双悬窗。窗扇装在铰链上向内或向外开启的称平开窗。固定且大块玻璃做的窗，通常称作观景窗。凸窗（参阅oriel）是房屋墙面凸出外所开的窗，在室内则为一凹入部分。凸窗能比一般的窗采光更多。玻璃之间留出具有隔热隔音作用的空气层，这种窗子被称作双层或三层玻璃窗。亦请参阅Diocletian window、rose window、shoji。\n\n我想请教你关于窗户的一些问题。首先，窗户的主要功能是什么？", - "你好，Human。窗户主要具有三个功能：采光、通风和建筑装饰。它们让房间里的人能看到室外的景色，同时也可以通过开窗来调节室内的空气流通，达到室内外空气交换的效果。此外，窗户还承担了建筑装饰的功能，可以根据设计和样式丰富建筑的美感。" + "窗户主要具有三个功能：采光、通风和建筑装饰。它们让房间里的人能看到室外的景色，同时也可以通过开窗来调节室内的空气流通，达到室内外空气交换的效果。此外，窗户还承担了建筑装饰的功能，可以根据设计和样式丰富建筑的美感。" ], [ "那么窗户的种类有哪些？", @@ -458439,7 +458439,7 @@ "history": [ [ "肌肉muscle可收缩的肌肉，产生的运动功能如身体动作、消化、聚焦、循环及身体保暖。分类为横纹肌、心肌及平滑肌，或是分为相位肌或兴奋肌（快速或逐渐对刺激反应）。横纹肌的纤维在显微镜下成条纹状，负责随意运动。这种肌肉大多数是相位肌，附着在骨骼上，中枢神经系统传来讯号时就收缩而移动身体；收缩是由细丝（肌动蛋白）在粗丝（肌凝蛋白）之间滑动来完成；组织内的伸长感觉器提供反馈，使肌肉做到平顺运动与细微运动控制。心肌树枝状的纤维就像网状结构；收缩是源自于心脏肌肉组织本身，由天然的节律点产生讯号；迷走神经与交感神经控制心脏的跳动速率。平滑肌是内部器官与血管的肌肉，通常是不随意肌与兴奋肌；细胞可以集体或个别行动（反应分别的神经末端）且有不同的形状。随意肌的疾病造成无力、萎缩、疼痛和抽搐。有些全身性的疾病（如皮肌炎、多肌炎）会造成肌肉发炎。亦请参阅abdominal muscle、muscular dystrophy、myasthenia gravis。\n\n请问根据刚刚提供的解释，肌肉是如何分为不同类型的？", - "你好，Human！肌肉可以根据结构和功能分为三类：横纹肌、心肌和平滑肌。横纹肌主要负责随意运动，如肢体动作。它们的纤维在显微镜下呈条纹状，主要是相位肌。心肌负责心脏跳动，其纤维呈树枝状，类似于网状结构，心脏跳动的速率由迷走神经和交感神经控制。平滑肌主要位于内部器官和血管中，是不随意肌。平滑肌可以是兴奋肌（快速或逐渐对刺激反应），细胞可以集体或个别行动（反应分别的神经末端）且有不同的形状。" + "肌肉可以根据结构和功能分为三类：横纹肌、心肌和平滑肌。横纹肌主要负责随意运动，如肢体动作。它们的纤维在显微镜下呈条纹状，主要是相位肌。心肌负责心脏跳动，其纤维呈树枝状，类似于网状结构，心脏跳动的速率由迷走神经和交感神经控制。平滑肌主要位于内部器官和血管中，是不随意肌。平滑肌可以是兴奋肌（快速或逐渐对刺激反应），细胞可以集体或个别行动（反应分别的神经末端）且有不同的形状。" ], [ "明白了，那么横纹肌的收缩是怎么实现的呢？", @@ -458924,7 +458924,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西克莫sycamore几种完全不同科、不同属的树木的统称。在美国指美国悬铃木（参阅plane tree），一种沿街种植的硬木树种。此外，西克莫枫（Acer pseudoplatanus，假悬铃木枫），有时也简称西克莫。《圣经》中所记载的「西克莫」，实际上是指西克莫无花果（Ficus sycomorus，参阅fig），古埃及人用于制作木乃伊箱。\n\n你好，请问西克莫这个词是指代什么？", - "你好，Human。西克莫（sycamore）是指几种完全不同科、不同属的树木的统称。在美国，它通常是指美国悬铃木（参阅plane tree），一种常见的沿街种植的硬木树种。而有时它也可指代西克莫枫（Acer pseudoplatanus，假悬铃木枫）。此外，《圣经》中提到的“西克莫”实际上是指西克莫无花果（Ficus sycomorus，参阅fig），古埃及人用于制作木乃伊箱的一种树木。" + "西克莫（sycamore）是指几种完全不同科、不同属的树木的统称。在美国，它通常是指美国悬铃木（参阅plane tree），一种常见的沿街种植的硬木树种。而有时它也可指代西克莫枫（Acer pseudoplatanus，假悬铃木枫）。此外，《圣经》中提到的“西克莫”实际上是指西克莫无花果（Ficus sycomorus，参阅fig），古埃及人用于制作木乃伊箱的一种树木。" ], [ "西克莫无花果和普通无花果有什么区别呢？", @@ -459027,7 +459027,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海湾沿岸航道Gulf Intracoastal Waterway与美国墨西哥湾沿岸平行的水上航道。从佛罗里达州的阿巴拉契湾向西延伸至德州的布朗斯维尔（墨西哥边界），全长超过1,770公里。与大西洋沿岸水道相连接形成沿海水道，沿海水道美国南、东部通航水道，全长4,800公里。\n\n你好，请问上面提到的海湾沿岸航道Gulf Intracoastal Waterway具体是一个什么样的水道？", - "你好，Human。海湾沿岸航道（Gulf Intracoastal Waterway，简称GIWW）是一个沿着美国墨西哥湾沿岸平行的人工水上航道，起始于佛罗里达州的阿巴拉契湾，向西延伸至德州墨西哥边界的布朗斯维尔，总长度超过1,770公里。它与大西洋沿岸水道相连接，共同形成一个全长约4,800公里的沿海通航水道，覆盖美国南部和东部沿海地区。" + "海湾沿岸航道（Gulf Intracoastal Waterway，简称GIWW）是一个沿着美国墨西哥湾沿岸平行的人工水上航道，起始于佛罗里达州的阿巴拉契湾，向西延伸至德州墨西哥边界的布朗斯维尔，总长度超过1,770公里。它与大西洋沿岸水道相连接，共同形成一个全长约4,800公里的沿海通航水道，覆盖美国南部和东部沿海地区。" ], [ "了解了，那这个水道有什么重要作用呢？", @@ -459141,7 +459141,7 @@ "history": [ [ "毒理学toxicology研究毒物及其效应，特别是对于生命系统的效应的学科。与生物化学、组织学、药理学、病理学及其他一些学科领域重叠。毒理学的职能已从监定毒物和寻找解毒方法，发展到法医毒理学（参阅forensic medicine），以及对快速增加的新的有潜在毒性的物质进行检测和探测，这些物质在工厂，农业（如杀虫剂、杀有害生物剂、肥料）和化妆品中用作食品添加剂和药物（参阅medicinal poisoning）。毒理学的最大发展或许是对毒性废物的研究，包括在空气中、水中及土壤中的毒性废物，如含氯氟烃，酸雨，戴奥辛和放射性同位素。\n\n请问毒理学的主要研究方向是什么？", - "你好，Human! 毒理学主要研究毒物及其效应，特别关注它们对生命系统的作用。这一领域涉及生物化学、组织学、药理学、病理学等多个学科。毒理学的职能已经从鉴定毒物和寻找解毒方法发展到法医毒理学、对新的有潜在毒性物质的检测和探测，及对毒性废物的研究。这些物质主要存在于工厂、农业（如杀虫剂、杀有害生物剂、肥料）、化妆品、食品添加剂和药物等方面。" + "毒理学主要研究毒物及其效应，特别关注它们对生命系统的作用。这一领域涉及生物化学、组织学、药理学、病理学等多个学科。毒理学的职能已经从鉴定毒物和寻找解毒方法发展到法医毒理学、对新的有潜在毒性物质的检测和探测，及对毒性废物的研究。这些物质主要存在于工厂、农业（如杀虫剂、杀有害生物剂、肥料）、化妆品、食品添加剂和药物等方面。" ], [ "请问毒理学和法医毒理学有什么区别？", @@ -459438,7 +459438,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蒙茅斯公爵1649～1685年Monmouth, Duke of原名James Fitzroy或James Crofts后称James Scott英国军事领导人，英王查理二世的私生子，随其母在巴黎生活。他在1662年作为国王的爱子被带到英国，成为了蒙茅斯公爵。他与苏格兰伯爵女继承人安妮司各脱结婚，并采用了她的姓氏。他从1668年起担任国王的卫兵，1679年在英荷战争中作为军队司令对抗苏格兰反叛者。但在麦酒店密谋案失败后，他在1684年流亡荷兰。在查理二世去世后，他回到英国反抗詹姆斯二世的统治，在他的农民军队被打败后，他被捕砍头。\n\n请问你能告诉我蒙茅斯公爵的相关信息吗？", - "你好，Human！根据您提供的信息，蒙茅斯公爵（Monmouth, Duke of）原名James Fitzroy或James Crofts，后来被称作James Scott。他是英国军事领导人和英王查理二世的私生子。他与母亲在巴黎生活，后来在1662年被带到英国，并被册封为蒙茅斯公爵。他娶了苏格兰伯爵女继承人安妮司各脱，并采用了她的姓氏。从1668年开始，他担任国王的卫兵，并在1679年的英荷战争中作为军队司令对抗苏格兰反叛者。然而，在麦酒店密谋案失败之后，他在1684年流亡荷兰。在查理二世去世后，他回到英国反抗詹姆斯二世的统治，在他的农民军队被打败后，他被捕并且被处以斩首。" + "根据您提供的信息，蒙茅斯公爵（Monmouth, Duke of）原名James Fitzroy或James Crofts，后来被称作James Scott。他是英国军事领导人和英王查理二世的私生子。他与母亲在巴黎生活，后来在1662年被带到英国，并被册封为蒙茅斯公爵。他娶了苏格兰伯爵女继承人安妮司各脱，并采用了她的姓氏。从1668年开始，他担任国王的卫兵，并在1679年的英荷战争中作为军队司令对抗苏格兰反叛者。然而，在麦酒店密谋案失败之后，他在1684年流亡荷兰。在查理二世去世后，他回到英国反抗詹姆斯二世的统治，在他的农民军队被打败后，他被捕并且被处以斩首。" ], [ "感谢解答。那么，他在英荷战争中表现得怎么样？", @@ -459698,7 +459698,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯凯尔顿1913～1997年Skelton, Red原名Richard Bernard美国喜剧演员。十岁时参加兜售药品的广告性巡回演出，曾参与过黑脸歌舞秀、诙谐作品和歌舞杂耍的演出，1937年以他标志性的甜甜圈哑剧在百老汇一炮而红。1938年初次出演电影，后来在三十五部电影中担任角色。并以在广播（1941～1944, 1945～1953）和电视（1951～1971）上的「斯凯尔顿秀」而受到欢迎。斯凯尔顿最有名的是充分的幽默和热情的性格，塑造了一系列角色，如小气的威德小子、克雷姆卡第德哈泼和揩油者佛雷迪。\n\n请问红·斯凯尔顿是谁？", - "你好，Human！红·斯凯尔顿（Red Skelton，原名Richard Bernard，1913-1997）是一位美国喜剧演员。他自幼在演艺圈中崭露头角，参加过各种形式的表演，如歌舞杂耍、诙谐作品以及黑脸歌舞秀。1937年，他凭借标志性的甜甜圈哑剧在百老汇一举成名。从1938年起，他出演了三十五部电影，并因在广播（1941-1953）和电视（1951-1971）上的“斯凯尔顿秀”而广受欢迎。他以幽默热情的个性和塑造的一系列角色而知名，如小气的威德小子、克雷姆卡第德哈泼和揩油者佛雷迪。" + "红·斯凯尔顿（Red Skelton，原名Richard Bernard，1913-1997）是一位美国喜剧演员。他自幼在演艺圈中崭露头角，参加过各种形式的表演，如歌舞杂耍、诙谐作品以及黑脸歌舞秀。1937年，他凭借标志性的甜甜圈哑剧在百老汇一举成名。从1938年起，他出演了三十五部电影，并因在广播（1941-1953）和电视（1951-1971）上的“斯凯尔顿秀”而广受欢迎。他以幽默热情的个性和塑造的一系列角色而知名，如小气的威德小子、克雷姆卡第德哈泼和揩油者佛雷迪。" ], [ "红·斯凯尔顿在青少年时期都做过什么演出？", @@ -459904,7 +459904,7 @@ "history": [ [ "防火墙firewall电脑安全系统，控制电脑或网路之间资料的流动。防火墙主要用来保护私人网路资源，避免来自外部网路的使用者直接存取，特别是网际网路。亦可防止私人网路内部的使用者直接存取外部的电脑。为了达到这个目的，所有的通讯都必须经由「代理伺服器」（proxy server），来决定讯息或档案是否能够进出私人网路。\n\n我想了解一下防火墙的基本概念和作用。", - "你好，Human！防火墙是一种电脑安全系统，主要作用是控制电脑或网路之间资料的流动。它的主要目的是保护私人网路资源，避免来自外部网路的使用者直接存取，特别是网际网路。同时，防火墙还可以防止私人网路内部的使用者直接存取外部的电脑。为了达到这个目的，所有的通讯都必须经由「代理伺服器」（proxy server），来决定讯息或档案是否能够进出私人网路。" + "防火墙是一种电脑安全系统，主要作用是控制电脑或网路之间资料的流动。它的主要目的是保护私人网路资源，避免来自外部网路的使用者直接存取，特别是网际网路。同时，防火墙还可以防止私人网路内部的使用者直接存取外部的电脑。为了达到这个目的，所有的通讯都必须经由「代理伺服器」（proxy server），来决定讯息或档案是否能够进出私人网路。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释！那么防火墙是如何工作的呢？", @@ -460041,11 +460041,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的解答！", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能帮助你了解史特拉斯堡这座城市。如果你有任何其他问题或者需要帮助，请随时告诉我！", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能帮助你了解史特拉斯堡这座城市。如果你有任何其他问题或者需要帮助，请随时告诉我！", "history": [ [ "史特拉斯堡Strasbourg德语作Strassburg法国东部城市，位于法、德边界上。原为塞尔特人村落，后成为罗马要塞，5世纪被法兰克人占领，842年联合东、西德的「史特拉斯堡誓约」就是在这儿签订的。1262年在神圣罗马帝国时期成为自由城市。1681年被法国占领，普法战争期间又被德国占领。第一次世界大战后归还法国，但第二次世界大战期间再次被德国占领且受到严重破坏。为内河港口和工业中心，也是欧洲委员会和国际联络中心的所在地。着名建筑有重建的中世纪大教堂，带有14世纪时期的天文钟。1979年开始，欧洲联盟议会都在这里举行。人口：都会区338,000（1990）。\n\n我最近对史特拉斯堡这个城市产生了浓厚兴趣。能简单给我介绍下这个城市吗？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你介绍史特拉斯堡。史特拉斯堡（Strasbourg）是法国东部的一个城市，位于法国和德国的边界上。它原本是一个塞尔特人的村落，后来成为了罗马要塞。在历史上，史特拉斯堡经历了多次争夺和变迁，如在1262年成为神圣罗马帝国时期的自由城市。史特拉斯堡现在是欧洲委员会和国际联络中心的所在地，同时也是内河港口和工业中心。" + "很高兴为你介绍史特拉斯堡。史特拉斯堡（Strasbourg）是法国东部的一个城市，位于法国和德国的边界上。它原本是一个塞尔特人的村落，后来成为了罗马要塞。在历史上，史特拉斯堡经历了多次争夺和变迁，如在1262年成为神圣罗马帝国时期的自由城市。史特拉斯堡现在是欧洲委员会和国际联络中心的所在地，同时也是内河港口和工业中心。" ], [ "你能谈谈“史特拉斯堡誓约”是什么吗？", @@ -460238,7 +460238,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴特勒1835～1902年Butler, Samuel英国小说家、散文作家和评论家。许多年来，他把注意力集中在宗教和演化论问题上，在其作品中，他先是拥护、后又舍弃达尔文的理论。他最着名的作品《众生之路》（1903）是一部自传体讽刺小说，叙述他从令人在精神上感到窒息的家庭气氛中出走的故事。《埃瑞洪》（1872）使他获得盛誉，在这部乌托邦式讽刺作品中预示了对维多利亚时代永恒进步所抱幻想的破灭。\n\n请问你了解英国小说家、散文作家和评论家Samuel Butler吗？", - "你好，Human。我了解Samuel Butler，他是一位英国小说家、散文作家和评论家，出生于1835年，逝世于1902年。他曾关注宗教和演化论问题，作品中一度拥护和逐渐舍弃达尔文的理论。他最著名的作品有《众生之路》和《埃瑞洪》。" + "我了解Samuel Butler，他是一位英国小说家、散文作家和评论家，出生于1835年，逝世于1902年。他曾关注宗教和演化论问题，作品中一度拥护和逐渐舍弃达尔文的理论。他最著名的作品有《众生之路》和《埃瑞洪》。" ], [ "请告诉我一下Samuel Butler关于《众生之路》这部作品的详细情况。", @@ -460257,7 +460257,7 @@ "history": [ [ "角angle几何学中指共有一个端点（顶点）的一对射线（参阅line）。角可被视为单一射线从起点到终端的旋转，顺时钟旋转被视为负向旋转，而逆时钟旋转被视为正向的旋转。二者皆可量出度数（完全旋转为360）或弧度（完全旋转的弧度为2π）。90角称为直角，少于90的角为锐角，多于90但少于180的角是钝角。\n\n我刚才读到了一段关于角的定义，请问你知道角是什么吗？", - "你好，Human！当然知道。在几何学中，角是指共有一个端点（顶点）的一对射线（射线参阅线性几何的直线部分）。角可以被视为从起点到终点的单一射线的旋转。根据旋转的方向，顺时针旋转被视为负向旋转，而逆时针旋转被视为正向旋转。角的大小可以用度数（度）或弧度（弧度）来表示，完全旋转（360°）等于2π弧度。" + "当然知道。在几何学中，角是指共有一个端点（顶点）的一对射线（射线参阅线性几何的直线部分）。角可以被视为从起点到终点的单一射线的旋转。根据旋转的方向，顺时针旋转被视为负向旋转，而逆时针旋转被视为正向旋转。角的大小可以用度数（度）或弧度（弧度）来表示，完全旋转（360°）等于2π弧度。" ], [ "请问直角、锐角和钝角分别是怎样的角？", @@ -460299,7 +460299,7 @@ "history": [ [ "狩猎hunting追捕猎物的活动，主要作为一种运动。对于早期的人类，狩猎是必须的，直到近期在许多地方还是如此。在现代，狩猎者已知道要限制使用的方法，并建立了一些法规，给予猎物逃跑的看似公平的机会，避免已受伤猎物不必要的痛苦。现在的游戏规则着重于保护猎物和限制狩猎。使用的武器有步枪和弓箭，方法包括潜步靠近、伏击（趴下等待）、循迹跟踪、围赶和模拟鸟兽叫声加以引诱。有时也会利用狗来跟踪、惊吓或捉拿战利品。\n\n我想了解一下狩猎活动，这种运动现在有哪些限制和法规呢？", - "你好，Human！现代狩猎作为一种运动，确实有一些限制和法规。首先，不同地区可能会有不同的狩猎法规，比如猎取的时间、地点和猎物种类。其次，狩猎活动往往要求猎人有合法的狩猎许可证，以确保其合法行为。此外，狩猎活动通常要求猎人限制使用的武器和方法，遵守潜行、伏击、围赶等方式，给猎物一定的逃脱机会。现在的法规更注重保护猎物和限制狩猎行为，以减轻已受伤的猎物不必要的痛苦。" + "现代狩猎作为一种运动，确实有一些限制和法规。首先，不同地区可能会有不同的狩猎法规，比如猎取的时间、地点和猎物种类。其次，狩猎活动往往要求猎人有合法的狩猎许可证，以确保其合法行为。此外，狩猎活动通常要求猎人限制使用的武器和方法，遵守潜行、伏击、围赶等方式，给猎物一定的逃脱机会。现在的法规更注重保护猎物和限制狩猎行为，以减轻已受伤的猎物不必要的痛苦。" ], [ "了解了，那现在常见的狩猎武器有哪些？", @@ -460497,7 +460497,7 @@ "history": [ [ "最惠国待遇most-favored-nation treatment对一国提供与已作为最惠国的国家以同等的贸易机会（如关税减让）的保证。是一种使原来的双边协定多边化，在各国之间建立起贸易机会均等的方法。早在17世纪初，商业条约和协定的条款中就含有保证这种贸易机会均等的尝试性措施。1860年签署的英法条约成为以后许多协定的典型，建立了一套连锁的最惠国待遇所赋予的关税优惠（参阅tariff），后来扩展到全世界。这种待遇主要是用于征收进口货物的关税上，但特定条款已使最惠国原则扩大到国际经济交往的其他领域中，包括产权、专利和版权。亦请参阅General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)、World Trade Organization。\n\n你好，请问最惠国待遇是什么意思？它在国际贸易中起到什么作用？", - "你好，Human。最惠国待遇指的是一个国家给予另一个国家与已被给予最惠国待遇的其他国家同等的贸易机会，比如关税减让。这是一种使原来的双边协定多边化，在各国之间建立起贸易机会均等的方法。在国际贸易中，最惠国待遇有助于消除贸易歧视，促进各国之间的贸易往来和合作。" + "最惠国待遇指的是一个国家给予另一个国家与已被给予最惠国待遇的其他国家同等的贸易机会，比如关税减让。这是一种使原来的双边协定多边化，在各国之间建立起贸易机会均等的方法。在国际贸易中，最惠国待遇有助于消除贸易歧视，促进各国之间的贸易往来和合作。" ], [ "最惠国待遇究竟有多长的历史？起初的形式是什么？", @@ -460516,7 +460516,7 @@ "history": [ [ "太阳能供暖solar heating利用日光加热建筑物室内的水或空气。有被动法和主动法两种。被动供暖法依靠建筑设计向建筑物供暖，建筑物的位置、结构和材料，全可利用来尽量加强所受日照的供暖（和照明）效果，从而降低甚至取消燃料的需要量。例如，保温良好并具有南向大玻璃窗的建筑物，可在晴天有效地捕获热量，并减轻对瓦斯、石油（取暖用）或电能（照明用）的依赖；砖、石头或者瓦片墙壁表面可以吸收太阳能源，然后（通常是几个小时之后）向房间内部辐射。主动供暖法则是利用机械方法贮存、聚集和在建筑物内分配太阳能。在液基系统中，外部黑色的金属板吸收阳光，捕获热量，然后由载热流体传递，也可将载热流体泵送通过受到由反射镜聚焦（从而聚光）的大量日光照射的已排空的玻璃管或一定体积的空间。载热流体吸收来自集能器的热量后，热流体经过泵的作用隔离的储蓄罐。这个系统可以由储蓄罐为家庭提供热水或者用流经地板和屋顶的水管中的流水为空间供暖。\n\n请问太阳能供暖是如何运作的？", - "你好，Human。太阳能供暖利用日光来加热建筑物室内的水或空气。它分为被动供暖和主动供暖两种方法。被动供暖依靠建筑设计对建筑物供暖，通过合理的位置、结构和材料来增强所受日照的供暖（和照明）效果，从而降低或取消燃料的需要。主动供暖则利用机械方法贮存、聚集和在建筑物内分配太阳能。" + "太阳能供暖利用日光来加热建筑物室内的水或空气。它分为被动供暖和主动供暖两种方法。被动供暖依靠建筑设计对建筑物供暖，通过合理的位置、结构和材料来增强所受日照的供暖（和照明）效果，从而降低或取消燃料的需要。主动供暖则利用机械方法贮存、聚集和在建筑物内分配太阳能。" ], [ "能给我举一个被动供暖的例子吗？", @@ -460699,7 +460699,7 @@ "history": [ [ "波塞顿Poseidon希腊宗教中的水神和海神，是克洛诺斯和瑞亚的儿子。他的兄弟有宙斯和哈得斯。当他们三兄弟废黜其父亲后，王国统治权落入波塞顿手中。他的性格不可预测，有时很暴戾，同时还是地震之神，与马有密切的联系。他的子嗣大部分是巨人和野人。他与梅杜莎生下了飞马珀伽索斯。地峡运动会是崇祀他的主要比赛节日。在艺术中，他常被描绘为手持三叉戟、有海豚和金枪鱼相伴的神。罗马人把他当作海神，等同于尼普顿。\n\n你好，请问你能帮我简要介绍一下波塞顿吗？", - "你好，Human！波塞顿是希腊神话中的水神和海神，他是克洛诺斯和瑞亚的儿子，与宙斯和哈得斯是兄弟关系。他的性格多变且不可预测，有时会显得愤怒且具有破坏性。波塞顿还被认为是地震之神和与马有密切联系的神。在艺术作品里，他通常手持三叉戟，旁边附有海豚和金枪鱼作为陪伴。罗马人将波塞顿视作海神，与尼普顿等同。" + "波塞顿是希腊神话中的水神和海神，他是克洛诺斯和瑞亚的儿子，与宙斯和哈得斯是兄弟关系。他的性格多变且不可预测，有时会显得愤怒且具有破坏性。波塞顿还被认为是地震之神和与马有密切联系的神。在艺术作品里，他通常手持三叉戟，旁边附有海豚和金枪鱼作为陪伴。罗马人将波塞顿视作海神，与尼普顿等同。" ], [ "波塞顿掌管什么王国呢？", @@ -461389,7 +461389,7 @@ "history": [ [ "穆斯科格诸语言Muskogean languages大约有八个北美洲印第安人所使用之语言，或先前在横跨大部分今日美国东南部地区所使用之语言所构成的语族。16世纪，今天的阿拉巴马州北部所使用语言可能是柯沙提（Koasati，又称Coushatta）和阿拉巴马语（Alabama）；阿拉巴马和乔治亚则使用克里克语（Creek，又称Muskogee）和希欺提语（Hitchiti）；在佛罗里达的狭长地带（Panhandle）则使用阿帕拉契语（Apalachee）。在西边，密西西比的北部与田纳西的北部，则使用奇克索（Chickasaw）；密西西比中部则使用乔克托（Choctaw）。在19世纪之前，阿帕拉契语已灭绝许久；1830年的强迫迁移（参阅Trail of Tears）更是迫使大多数仅存的、使用穆斯科格语的人或着进入密西西比的西部，或着进入佛罗里达。在佛罗里达，塞米诺尔人（Seminoles）继续在佛罗里达中部使用克里克的方言，以及在沼泽地（Miccosukee）使用密卡苏奇（Mikasuki）。现存的穆斯科格语仍持续有人在使用，至少是成年人；其中在奥克拉荷马与密西西比，使用乔克托的人数最为庞大。\n\n我看到一篇关于穆斯科格诸语言的文章，但是不太了解这个语族。能给我讲讲穆斯科格诸语言吗？", - "你好，Human！穆斯科格诸语言是大约有八个北美洲印第安人所使用的语言，或曾经在横跨大部分今日美国东南部地区使用的语言所构成的语族。这个语言群的使用者曾经遍布阿拉巴马州、佛罗里达、密西西比、及田纳西等地。穆斯科格诸语言包括柯沙提、阿拉巴马语、克里克语、希欺提语、阿帕拉契语、奇克索、密卡苏奇等等。尽管有些语言在19世纪已经灭绝，但仍有部分穆斯科格语言，如乔克托语，仍在奥克拉荷马和密西西比等地被使用。" + "穆斯科格诸语言是大约有八个北美洲印第安人所使用的语言，或曾经在横跨大部分今日美国东南部地区使用的语言所构成的语族。这个语言群的使用者曾经遍布阿拉巴马州、佛罗里达、密西西比、及田纳西等地。穆斯科格诸语言包括柯沙提、阿拉巴马语、克里克语、希欺提语、阿帕拉契语、奇克索、密卡苏奇等等。尽管有些语言在19世纪已经灭绝，但仍有部分穆斯科格语言，如乔克托语，仍在奥克拉荷马和密西西比等地被使用。" ], [ "那哪些地区曾经使用过这些语言？", @@ -461785,7 +461785,7 @@ "history": [ [ "舜Shun在中国神话里，尧、舜及大禹为三位传说中的皇帝，统治中国古代的黄金时代（约在西元前23世纪）。他们被孔子挑选为正直与品德的模范。虽然舜的父亲曾屡次企图谋杀他，但舜仍然对父亲保持忠诚。因为上天与大地知道舜的美德，动物都前来协助他完成各种劳动。皇帝尧不将皇位传给自己的儿子，选择舜为继承人，并将两名女儿婚配给他。舜的主要功绩包括将度量衡标准化、整治河道，并划分区域重组王国。\n\n你好，请告诉我舜Shun是谁。", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，舜是中国神话中的一位传说中的皇帝，他和尧、大禹一同统治着中国古代的黄金时代，这一时期大约发生在公元前23世纪。尽管他的父亲曾多次试图谋杀他，但舜依然忠诚于父亲。舜的品德得到了天地的认可，动物们纷纷前来协助他完成各种劳动。尧皇帝因为认可舜的品德和能力，将皇位传给了他，而非自己的儿子，并将自己的两名女儿嫁给了舜。舜的主要功绩包括将度量衡标准化、整治河道、划分区域重组王国。" + "根据提供的信息，舜是中国神话中的一位传说中的皇帝，他和尧、大禹一同统治着中国古代的黄金时代，这一时期大约发生在公元前23世纪。尽管他的父亲曾多次试图谋杀他，但舜依然忠诚于父亲。舜的品德得到了天地的认可，动物们纷纷前来协助他完成各种劳动。尧皇帝因为认可舜的品德和能力，将皇位传给了他，而非自己的儿子，并将自己的两名女儿嫁给了舜。舜的主要功绩包括将度量衡标准化、整治河道、划分区域重组王国。" ], [ "舜是如何对待自己想要谋杀他的父亲的？", @@ -461842,7 +461842,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蓝山山脉Blue Mountains澳大利亚大分水岭的一段。位于新南威尔斯州内，山脉海拔有600～900公尺。曾是富有的雪梨居民的隐退之地，现在有良好的公路可通达，为着名旅游胜地，人口成长十分迅速。蓝山市建于1947年，人口约69,000（1991）。\n\n根据上面的信息内容，蓝山位于澳大利亚哪个州？", - "你好，Human！蓝山山脉位于澳大利亚新南威尔斯州。它是大分水岭的一段，这个地区有着美丽的自然风光，吸引了大量游客。希望这些信息能帮到你。" + "蓝山山脉位于澳大利亚新南威尔斯州。它是大分水岭的一段，这个地区有着美丽的自然风光，吸引了大量游客。希望这些信息能帮到你。" ], [ "谢谢，蓝山的海拔范围是多少？", @@ -461957,7 +461957,7 @@ "history": [ [ "莱文1943年～Levine, James (Lawrence)美国指挥家。十岁时与辛辛那提管弦乐队合作，首次独奏钢琴。在纽约茱丽亚音乐学院随列维涅（1880～1976）学习钢琴，随莫雷尔（1903～1975）学习指挥。1964～1970年任克利夫兰管弦乐团的助理指挥。1971年以客座身分指挥纽约大都会歌剧院演出《托斯卡》，1973年就任该剧院首席指挥，1975年成为该剧院的音乐指导，1986年任艺术指导。他将萎靡不振的大都会管弦乐团建设成一个技艺高超的乐团，他自己也被公认为世界最伟大的指挥家之一。1973～1993年他担任芝加哥的拉维尼亚音乐节的指导。\n\n你好，请根据上述信息告诉我一下James Levine是哪一年开始学习钢琴与指挥的？", - "你好，Human！根据上述信息，James Levine在纽约茱丽亚音乐学院随列维涅（1880～1976）学习钢琴，随莫雷尔（1903～1975）学习指挥。虽然没有明确提到开始学习的具体年份，但我们可以推断他是在克利夫兰管弦乐团担任助理指挥（1964～1970年）之前开始学习的。这样，可以大致推断James Levine大约在1960年代早期开始学习钢琴与指挥。" + "根据上述信息，James Levine在纽约茱丽亚音乐学院随列维涅（1880～1976）学习钢琴，随莫雷尔（1903～1975）学习指挥。虽然没有明确提到开始学习的具体年份，但我们可以推断他是在克利夫兰管弦乐团担任助理指挥（1964～1970年）之前开始学习的。这样，可以大致推断James Levine大约在1960年代早期开始学习钢琴与指挥。" ], [ "请问他是如何将大都会管弦乐团从萎靡不振发展成技艺高超的乐团的呢？", @@ -462155,7 +462155,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赖德克利夫1764～1823年Radcliffe, Ann原名Ann Ward英国哥德式小说女作家。在富裕家庭长大。1787年与一位报人结婚，他鼓励她从事文学工作。她因第三部小说《林中艳史》（1791）一举成名。写了第四部《尤道弗神秘事迹》（1794）后，赖德克利夫成了英国最受欢迎的小说家。《义大利人》（1797）揭示了罕见的内心世界，表明她已达到最佳境地。在她的故事里，阴森恐怖和焦虑悬疑的场景里充满着浪漫主义的情调。\n\n你好，请问你能介绍一下英国哥德式小说女作家赖德克利夫吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。赖德克利夫（Ann Radcliffe，原名Ann Ward，1764-1823年）是英国哥德式小说的一位女作家。她在一个富裕家庭中长大，1787年与一位报人结婚，这位丈夫鼓励她从事文学创作。赖德克利夫因其第三部小说《林中艳史》（1791）一举成名。后来，她的作品《尤道弗神秘事迹》（1794）和《义大利人》（1797）使她成为了英国最受欢迎的小说家。她的作品以阴森恐怖和焦虑悬疑的场景闻名，充满了浪漫主义的情调。" + "当然可以。赖德克利夫（Ann Radcliffe，原名Ann Ward，1764-1823年）是英国哥德式小说的一位女作家。她在一个富裕家庭中长大，1787年与一位报人结婚，这位丈夫鼓励她从事文学创作。赖德克利夫因其第三部小说《林中艳史》（1791）一举成名。后来，她的作品《尤道弗神秘事迹》（1794）和《义大利人》（1797）使她成为了英国最受欢迎的小说家。她的作品以阴森恐怖和焦虑悬疑的场景闻名，充满了浪漫主义的情调。" ], [ "赖德克利夫的哥德式小说风格具体是怎么样的？", @@ -462399,7 +462399,7 @@ "history": [ [ "蛇鹈anhinga亦称snakebird鹈形目蛇鹈科以鱼为食的鸟类的统称，有时认为只有一种（Anhinga anhinga），但有地理变型。体细长，长约90公分，颈长。体羽多为黑色，具银白色翅斑，雄鸟具绿色金属光泽，繁殖期具浅色头羽及黑色的「鬃」。除欧洲外，见于热带至温暖地区成小群生活于湖泊和河流边。游泳时，除头部和颈露在水面外，几乎全身潜入水中，像蛇一样左右摆动身体。\n\n请问蛇鹈是一种什么样的鸟？", - "你好，Human！蛇鹈又称为snakebird，属于蛇鹈科的鹈形目鸟类。它们是一种以鱼为食的鸟类，在热带至温暖地区的湖泊和河流边生活。蛇鹈通常体型细长，约有90厘米长，颈部也很长。它们的体羽以黑色为主，翅膀上有银白色的斑纹。雄性蛇鹈有绿色的金属光泽，而在繁殖期头部会有浅色的羽毛以及黑色的“鬃”。蛇鹈在游泳时，除了头部和脖子露在水面外，其他部分基本潜入水中，像蛇一样左右摆动身体。" + "蛇鹈又称为snakebird，属于蛇鹈科的鹈形目鸟类。它们是一种以鱼为食的鸟类，在热带至温暖地区的湖泊和河流边生活。蛇鹈通常体型细长，约有90厘米长，颈部也很长。它们的体羽以黑色为主，翅膀上有银白色的斑纹。雄性蛇鹈有绿色的金属光泽，而在繁殖期头部会有浅色的羽毛以及黑色的“鬃”。蛇鹈在游泳时，除了头部和脖子露在水面外，其他部分基本潜入水中，像蛇一样左右摆动身体。" ], [ "蛇鹈是一种常见的鸟类吗？", @@ -462974,7 +462974,7 @@ "history": [ [ "领海territorial waters指属一个国家行政管辖范围内的海域，包括与一个国家海岸毗连的海域和内海。领海的概念从17世纪对海域所处地位的争论演变而来。一方面海域被认为是公开的，另一方面国家对其领海的行政管辖权也得到了承认。赞成海洋法的国家遵循其规定：领海的宽度为12海里（22公里）。制海权包括海域上方的制空权其对相应的海底的管辖权。亦请参阅high seas。\n\n请问领海和公海有什么区别？", - "你好Human！领海和公海是两个不同的概念。领海是指属于一个国家行政管辖范围内的海域，包括与该国家海岸毗连的海域和内海。根据《联合国海洋法公约》，领海的宽度通常为12海里（约22公里）。在领海内，沿海国家享有绝对的主权，包括海域上方的制空权和对相应的海底的管辖权。\n\n公海则是指远离沿海国家领海的国际水域，没有任何国家对其拥有主权。在公海上，各国船只有平等的航行自由权，国际公约对公海上的活动进行管理。" + "领海和公海是两个不同的概念。领海是指属于一个国家行政管辖范围内的海域，包括与该国家海岸毗连的海域和内海。根据《联合国海洋法公约》，领海的宽度通常为12海里（约22公里）。在领海内，沿海国家享有绝对的主权，包括海域上方的制空权和对相应的海底的管辖权。\n\n公海则是指远离沿海国家领海的国际水域，没有任何国家对其拥有主权。在公海上，各国船只有平等的航行自由权，国际公约对公海上的活动进行管理。" ], [ "那么在领海内，其他国家的船只有什么权利呢？", @@ -463409,7 +463409,7 @@ "history": [ [ "体论field theory数学上高等代数学的分支，处理特殊类型的系统，由物体（例如数）的集合与两个结合运算（例如加与乘）构成。这些元素合起来满足公设规定，物体的集合在加法下构成交换群，若排除零则集合在乘法也是交换群，且两种运算满足分配律a（b + c）= ab + ac。最常见的体是有理数、实数以及复数，与正常的加与乘。对多项式与其解的研究，导致体论的发现。\n\n我对体论不太了解，能给我简要介绍一下什么是体论吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。体论是数学上高等代数学的一个分支，主要研究特殊类型的代数系统，由一个物体（如数）的集合与两个结合运算（例如加法和乘法）构成。通俗地说，它研究一些满足特定公理规则的代数结构。具体来说，物体的集合在加法运算下构成交换群，若排除零元素，则集合在乘法运算下也是交换群。此外，这两种运算需满足分配律，即 a(b + c) = ab + ac。常见的体包括有理数、实数和复数。体论的发展源于对多项式与其解的研究。" + "当然可以。体论是数学上高等代数学的一个分支，主要研究特殊类型的代数系统，由一个物体（如数）的集合与两个结合运算（例如加法和乘法）构成。通俗地说，它研究一些满足特定公理规则的代数结构。具体来说，物体的集合在加法运算下构成交换群，若排除零元素，则集合在乘法运算下也是交换群。此外，这两种运算需满足分配律，即 a(b + c) = ab + ac。常见的体包括有理数、实数和复数。体论的发展源于对多项式与其解的研究。" ], [ "那么，如何理解物体的集合在加法下构成交换群呢？", @@ -463428,7 +463428,7 @@ "history": [ [ "能量energy做功的能力。能量有多种形式，其中包括动能（kinetic energy）、位能、热能（thermal energy）、化学能（chemical energy）、电能（electrical energy，参阅electricity）和核能（nuclear energy），而且能量可从一种形式转变为另一种形式。如用燃料烧热的引擎把化学能转为热能，电池把化学能转为电能。虽然能量可从一种形式转变为另一种形式，但它不会创造或毁灭，亦即全部能量在一个封闭系统保持不变。所有形式的能量都与运动有关，如一个滚动的球具有动能，而从地面上把球举高，即具有位能，如果放开它就有可能再移动。热和功包含了能量的转移，热被转移可能变成热能。亦请参阅activation energy、binding energy、mechanical energy、solar energy、zero-point energy。\n\n请问能量是什么？", - "你好，Human！能量是一种物体凭借其状态或运动来做功的能力。能量有多种形式，例如动能、位能、热能、化学能、电能和核能。能量可以在这些形式之间转换，但在一个封闭系统中，能量总量是守恒的。" + "能量是一种物体凭借其状态或运动来做功的能力。能量有多种形式，例如动能、位能、热能、化学能、电能和核能。能量可以在这些形式之间转换，但在一个封闭系统中，能量总量是守恒的。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释！那能量是如何从一种形式转化为另一种形式的呢？", @@ -463554,7 +463554,7 @@ "history": [ [ "柯里1875～1933年Currie, Arthur William受封为Sir Arthur第一次世界大战期间加拿大海外部队的第一个加拿大人司令官。原为实业家，后加入民团，1914年任加拿大第一支援英部队的营长，战功卓着。三年后晋升为中将，并指挥加拿大军的四个师。战后任加拿大民团总监，成为加拿大陆军中的第一个将官。1920年任麦吉尔（McGill）大学名誉副校长兼校长，直至去世。\n\n我想了解一下关于柯里将军，也就是Arthur William Currie的一些故事。他在第一次世界大战期间的战功有哪些？", - "你好，Human！我很高兴帮你了解关于柯里将军，也称为Arthur William Currie的战功。在第一次世界大战期间，Arthur William Currie表现卓越。他于1914年担任加拿大第一支援英部队的营长。经过三年努力，他晋升为中将，负责指挥加拿大军的四个师。他的领导和战术才能使得加拿大部队在战场上取得了显著的成就，因此他获得了极高的声誉。" + "我很高兴帮你了解关于柯里将军，也称为Arthur William Currie的战功。在第一次世界大战期间，Arthur William Currie表现卓越。他于1914年担任加拿大第一支援英部队的营长。经过三年努力，他晋升为中将，负责指挥加拿大军的四个师。他的领导和战术才能使得加拿大部队在战场上取得了显著的成就，因此他获得了极高的声誉。" ], [ "那么，在战争结束后，柯里将军在军队中担任了哪些职位呢？", @@ -463768,7 +463768,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赫歇尔1907～1972年Heschel, Abraham Joshua波兰出生的美国犹太教神学家、哲学家。曾就读于柏林大学，后来在德国教授犹太教研究直到1938年被纳粹赶出来。移民美国后，他先后在希伯来联合学院和犹太教神学院任教。他的目标是根据古代和中世纪犹太教传统来开创现代宗教哲学，并强调犹太教的警世性和神秘性。他认为社会活动是虔诚信徒表现伦理信念的手段，赫歇尔还替黑人争取民权，并反对越战。其着作包括《人并不孤独》（1951）和《上帝在找人》（1956）。\n\n你好。请问赫歇尔是在哪个国家出生的？", - "你好，Human！赫歇尔（Abraham Joshua Heschel）出生于波兰。他是一位著名的犹太教神学家和哲学家。有什么其他问题我可以为您解答吗？" + "赫歇尔（Abraham Joshua Heschel）出生于波兰。他是一位著名的犹太教神学家和哲学家。有什么其他问题我可以为您解答吗？" ], [ "谢谢！赫歇尔在欧洲时的学术经历有哪些？", @@ -463866,7 +463866,7 @@ "history": [ [ "史特拉底瓦里1644～1737年Stradivari, Antonio义大利乐器制作家。1666年起在阿马蒂（N Amati）店中学艺，后在克雷莫纳（Cremona）建立自己的作坊，和儿子弗朗切斯科（1671～1743）、奥莫博诺（1679～1742）一起制作。虽然他也制作其他乐器（包括竖琴、笛子、曼陀林和吉他），但鲜有保存下来的。1680年后集中制作小提琴。他摒弃阿马蒂的制作方法，而在1690年创立「长形」提琴制作法。后期制作的小提琴较小，以提高演奏者的演奏水平，是现代乐器的典范。1700～1720是他乐器制作的鼎盛时期，制作的乐器质量也最佳。\n\n请问你知道史特拉底瓦里是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！史特拉底瓦里（Antonio Stradivari, 1644-1737年）是一位著名的义大利乐器制作家。他曾在1666年起在尼科洛·阿马蒂（Nicolò Amati）的店中学习艺术，并于后来在克雷莫纳（Cremona）建立了自己的作坊，与儿子弗朗切斯科（Francesco，1671-1743）和奥莫博诺（Omobono，1679-1742）一起制作乐器。虽然他也制作了其他乐器，如竖琴、长笛、曼陀林和吉他，但现在保存下来的极少。他最著名的成就是在小提琴制作方面，特别是在1690年创立了一种叫「长形」的小提琴制作方法。1680年后，他专注于制作高品质的小提琴。他的作品在1700-1720年达到了顶峰，并被认为是现代乐器的典范。" + "史特拉底瓦里（Antonio Stradivari, 1644-1737年）是一位著名的义大利乐器制作家。他曾在1666年起在尼科洛·阿马蒂（Nicolò Amati）的店中学习艺术，并于后来在克雷莫纳（Cremona）建立了自己的作坊，与儿子弗朗切斯科（Francesco，1671-1743）和奥莫博诺（Omobono，1679-1742）一起制作乐器。虽然他也制作了其他乐器，如竖琴、长笛、曼陀林和吉他，但现在保存下来的极少。他最著名的成就是在小提琴制作方面，特别是在1690年创立了一种叫「长形」的小提琴制作方法。1680年后，他专注于制作高品质的小提琴。他的作品在1700-1720年达到了顶峰，并被认为是现代乐器的典范。" ], [ "史特拉底瓦里为什么会放弃阿马蒂的制作方法？", @@ -463885,7 +463885,7 @@ "history": [ [ "华莱士1823～1913年Wallace, Alfred Russel英国博物学家。虽然接受探险和建筑教育，却对植物学感到兴趣。1848年到亚马逊河收集标本。1854～1862年到马来群岛旅行，以补充他的收集品。他在岛屿的观察，使他与达尔文同时独立地发展一套通过物种自然选择而演化的理论。然而。达尔文提出的理论比华莱士要详尽得多，又为此提供了多得多的证据。不同于达尔文，华莱士坚信，人的高智力不是自然选择的结果，而某些非生物学因素一定起了决定作用。华莱士提出在东洋区和澳大拉西亚区两个动物区系分区之间的假设分界线（华莱士线）。许多动物在华莱士线的一侧很丰富，另一侧则稀少。在公共政策方面他支持社会主义、反战论、土地国有化和妇女选举。他的作品包括《自然选择理论文稿》（1870）、《动物的地理区分布》（两册，1876）和《达尔文主义》（1889）。\n\n请问下文中的华莱士是谁？", - "你好Human！华莱士是指Alfred Russel Wallace（1823-1913），他是一位英国博物学家。虽然受到探险和建筑方面的教育，他对植物学产生了浓厚的兴趣。华莱士曾前往亚马逊河和马来群岛收集样本，并独立地发展了一套通过物种自然选择而演化的理论，与达尔文的理论相似。但他们在人类高智力的起因上有分歧，华莱士认为非生物学因素在其中发挥了关键作用。他还提出了华莱士线这个动物区系分区的假设。此外，华莱士在公共政策方面支持社会主义、反战论、土地国有化和妇女选举。他的主要著作有《自然选择理论文稿》（1870）、《动物的地理区分布》（两册，1876）和《达尔文主义》（1889）。" + "华莱士是指Alfred Russel Wallace（1823-1913），他是一位英国博物学家。虽然受到探险和建筑方面的教育，他对植物学产生了浓厚的兴趣。华莱士曾前往亚马逊河和马来群岛收集样本，并独立地发展了一套通过物种自然选择而演化的理论，与达尔文的理论相似。但他们在人类高智力的起因上有分歧，华莱士认为非生物学因素在其中发挥了关键作用。他还提出了华莱士线这个动物区系分区的假设。此外，华莱士在公共政策方面支持社会主义、反战论、土地国有化和妇女选举。他的主要著作有《自然选择理论文稿》（1870）、《动物的地理区分布》（两册，1876）和《达尔文主义》（1889）。" ], [ "谈谈华莱士线是什么？", @@ -464555,7 +464555,7 @@ "history": [ [ "块茎tuber某些种子植物休眠期一种短而粗的肉质地下茎。通常是食物储存养分或繁殖的一部分。有细小的鳞状叶，每片鳞叶上有一芽，芽能发育成新植株。通常马铃薯就是典型的块茎，叶片很少，而芽则是「芽眼」的一部分。其他植物的肉质根或根茎，凡形似块茎者，也往往泛称tuber（块茎），虽然这样称呼并不确切（如大丽花属的块根，也被称为块茎）。\n\n请问什么是块茎？", - "你好，Human。块茎（tuber）是一种特殊结构，出现在某些种子植物的休眠期。它通常表现为短而粗的肉质地下茎，主要功能是储存养分和繁殖。块茎上有细小的鳞状叶，每片鳞叶都有一个芽，这些芽可以发育成新的植株。马铃薯就是一个典型的块茎植物，其叶片很少，而芽则是「芽眼」的一部分。" + "块茎（tuber）是一种特殊结构，出现在某些种子植物的休眠期。它通常表现为短而粗的肉质地下茎，主要功能是储存养分和繁殖。块茎上有细小的鳞状叶，每片鳞叶都有一个芽，这些芽可以发育成新的植株。马铃薯就是一个典型的块茎植物，其叶片很少，而芽则是「芽眼」的一部分。" ], [ "这些储存的养分是用来做什么的？", @@ -464715,7 +464715,7 @@ "history": [ [ "雷州半岛Leizhou Peninsula英文旧称为Luichow Peninsula位于中国东南的半岛，广东省的西南海岸线外。雷州半岛与海南岛相隔一条海南海峡，其领域包括在1898年至1945年间租给法国的广州湾。第二次世界大战期间，日本曾占领此地，并于1946年归还中国统治。\n\n我想了解一下雷州半岛在哪个国家？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，雷州半岛位于中国东南的半岛，属于广东省的西南海岸线外。因此，雷州半岛在中国。" + "根据提供的信息，雷州半岛位于中国东南的半岛，属于广东省的西南海岸线外。因此，雷州半岛在中国。" ], [ "那么雷州半岛和海南岛有什么地理关系呢？", @@ -464757,7 +464757,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哥雅1746～1828年Goya (y Lucientes), Francisco (José) de西班牙画家和版画家。1775年为圣巴巴拉皇家壁毯工厂制作约六十幅漫画的第一批（画至1792年），而进入成熟期。1780年获选进入马德里皇家学院，1786年被任命为查理三世的御用画家。1799年在查理四世赞助下，他成为西班牙最成功和最时髦的艺术家，他着名的《查理四世一家》即绘于此时（1800）。虽然他欢庆自己的荣耀与成功，他留给恩主及其社会的记录却是尖锐无情的。他着名的《裸体的马雅》和《穿衣的马雅》（1800?～1805）蕴含色情，导致他在1815年被召唤到异端裁判所。1790年代病后他从此耳聋，他的作品采用了近似讽刺画的夸张写实手法。他的八十幅《狂想曲》（1799）是攻击政治、社会、宗教滥权的讽刺版画，成为版画史上卓越的成就。当拿破仑入侵西班牙时（1808～1815），哥雅制作了八十二幅蚀刻连作《战争的灾难》（1810～1820）。1824年他定居于法国的波尔多，1826年辞去宫廷画家之职，并开始制作平印。他异常丰产而多才多艺，完成了约五百件油画和壁画、三百件蚀刻画和平版画、数以百计的手绘图、超过两百件肖像。据说他只承认三位大师：委拉斯开兹、林布兰、大自然。他没有即时的追随者，但他的作品对19世纪欧洲艺术影响深远。\n\n你好，请问哥雅是哪个国家的画家？", - "你好，Human！哥雅（Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes）是一位西班牙画家和版画家。他生活在1746年至1828年，是欧洲艺术史上一位非常重要的人物。" + "哥雅（Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes）是一位西班牙画家和版画家。他生活在1746年至1828年，是欧洲艺术史上一位非常重要的人物。" ], [ "哥雅在他的职业生涯中都经历了哪些重要的事件？", @@ -465103,7 +465103,7 @@ "history": [ [ "索勒里1919年～Soleri, Paolo义裔美籍建筑师。在杜林工业学院获得博士学位之后，到美国亚利桑那州随建筑师莱特学习（1947～1949）。1959年为一系列紧凑的城市中心设计建筑，其为高密度垂直型而不是横向占据土地。设计这些巨型建筑物意在保存能量和资源（部分依靠太阳能和减少城市里汽车的使用），保护自然环境，将人类活动集中到综合性的环境当中。1970年他开始在凤凰城和弗拉格斯塔夫（Flagstaff）之间设计一个7,000人的居民点，称为阿科桑底（Arcosanti）。这项工程主要由学生和志愿者进行，现在仍未完工。\n\n你好，请问什么是索勒里和他的建筑理念？", - "你好，Human！索勒里（Paolo Soleri）是一位意大利裔美国建筑师，他生于1919年。他的建筑理念主要是致力于设计高密度垂直型的城市中心建筑，而不是横向占据土地，这样的设计有助于节约能源和资源，保护自然环境，以及集中人类活动至综合性的环境当中。" + "索勒里（Paolo Soleri）是一位意大利裔美国建筑师，他生于1919年。他的建筑理念主要是致力于设计高密度垂直型的城市中心建筑，而不是横向占据土地，这样的设计有助于节约能源和资源，保护自然环境，以及集中人类活动至综合性的环境当中。" ], [ "他在什么地方学习建筑？有没有什么著名的导师？", @@ -465423,7 +465423,7 @@ "history": [ [ "御库fiscus罗马皇帝的金库，独立于总库之外，钱款主要来自帝国各行省的纳贡、被没收的财产和无主土地的收入。在韦斯巴芗时代，它控制了帝国的大部分收入。它为陆、海军提供军费，支付官员薪俸，并提供邮政补贴。\n\n你好，请根据上面的信息给我解释一下御库fiscus和总库的关系。", - "你好，Human！御库fiscus是罗马皇帝的金库，它独立于总库之外。这意味着，尽管罗马帝国的财政体系也包括总库，但御库fiscus并不受总库的管理或者干预。御库fiscus主要来自帝国各行省的纳贡、被没收的财产和无主土地的收入，而总库用于储存和管理国家的其他财产。两者在财产来源和管理上相互独立。" + "御库fiscus是罗马皇帝的金库，它独立于总库之外。这意味着，尽管罗马帝国的财政体系也包括总库，但御库fiscus并不受总库的管理或者干预。御库fiscus主要来自帝国各行省的纳贡、被没收的财产和无主土地的收入，而总库用于储存和管理国家的其他财产。两者在财产来源和管理上相互独立。" ], [ "这个御库在韦斯巴芗时代，它控制了帝国的大部分收入。那么能说说韦斯巴芗时代御库的重要性吗？", @@ -465896,7 +465896,7 @@ "history": [ [ "灰色单色画grisaille完全用灰色浓淡变化描绘形象，通常多突出立体感，以形成类似雕塑、特别是浮雕的视觉效果的绘画技法。15世纪的法兰德斯画家（例如艾克的根特祭坛画〔1432〕）和18世纪后期的画家，在墙壁和天顶装饰画中尤多使用，藉以仿效古典雕塑效果。有时也被使用于替半透明的油画制造单色调的画底色。16世纪时，纯灰色画珐琅艺术发展于法国利摩日，此技巧在光和影上达到戏剧性的效果和明显的三维空间立体感。\n\n你好，我想了解一下灰色单色画grisaille这种绘画技法，请向我简要介绍一下这个技法。", - "你好，Human！灰色单色画grisaille是一种完全用灰色浓淡变化来描绘形象的绘画技法。通过灰色的浓淡变化，它在绘画中突出立体感，形成类似雕塑，尤其是浮雕的视觉效果。这种技法起初被15世纪的法兰德斯画家使用，如艾克的根特祭坛画（1432），以及18世纪后期的画家在墙壁和天顶装饰画中频繁运用，以达到仿效古典雕塑的效果。它还被用于替半透明的油画制造单色调的画底色。16世纪时，在法国利摩日发展出的纯灰色画珐琅艺术则在光影处理上达到戏剧性的效果和明显的三维立体感。" + "灰色单色画grisaille是一种完全用灰色浓淡变化来描绘形象的绘画技法。通过灰色的浓淡变化，它在绘画中突出立体感，形成类似雕塑，尤其是浮雕的视觉效果。这种技法起初被15世纪的法兰德斯画家使用，如艾克的根特祭坛画（1432），以及18世纪后期的画家在墙壁和天顶装饰画中频繁运用，以达到仿效古典雕塑的效果。它还被用于替半透明的油画制造单色调的画底色。16世纪时，在法国利摩日发展出的纯灰色画珐琅艺术则在光影处理上达到戏剧性的效果和明显的三维立体感。" ], [ "15世纪的法兰德斯画家是如何运用这种绘画技法的呢？", @@ -466266,7 +466266,7 @@ "history": [ [ "邓尼特角Dunnet Head苏格兰高地议会区一陡峭的圆形砂岩岬角，为大不列颠大陆的最北端。宽约5公里，伸入大西洋的彭特兰湾。其构成海拔约30公尺的高地，上面的山峰高129公尺。岬角的北端有一个105公尺高的灯塔，建于1831年。\n\n你好，请问邓尼特角Dunnet Head是哪个国家的地理坐标？", - "你好，Human！邓尼特角Dunnet Head位于苏格兰高地议会区，属于英国的一部分。这是大不列颠大陆的最北端。请问还有其他问题我可以帮您解答的吗？" + "邓尼特角Dunnet Head位于苏格兰高地议会区，属于英国的一部分。这是大不列颠大陆的最北端。请问还有其他问题我可以帮您解答的吗？" ], [ "请问邓尼特角的地理特点有哪些？", @@ -466285,7 +466285,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哈尔登1892～1964年Haldane, J(ohn) B(urdon) S(anderson)英国遗传学家。着名生理学家约翰司各脱哈尔登的儿子，八岁开始学科学，充当其父亲的助手，后来从牛津大学取得学位。哈尔登、费施尔（R A Fisher）和莱特（S Wright）都以对突变率、大小、繁殖和其他因素的分析，用不同的数学论据，将达尔文的演化论和孟德尔遗传理论联系起来。哈尔登对活动理论和人类生理学的研究贡献良多。\n\n你好，请问哈尔登是谁？", - "你好，Human！哈尔登，全名为J.B.S. Haldane，是一位英国遗传学家。他出生于1892年，逝世于1964年。哈尔登是着名生理学家约翰司各脱哈尔登的儿子，从8岁开始学习科学并担任父亲的助手。他后来从牛津大学取得学位。哈尔登、费施尔和莱特这三位科学家都通过对突变率、大小、繁殖和其他因素的分析，并使用不同的数学论据将达尔文的演化论和孟德尔遗传理论联系起来。此外，哈尔登还在活动理论和人类生理学的研究方面做出了很多贡献。" + "哈尔登，全名为J.B.S. Haldane，是一位英国遗传学家。他出生于1892年，逝世于1964年。哈尔登是着名生理学家约翰司各脱哈尔登的儿子，从8岁开始学习科学并担任父亲的助手。他后来从牛津大学取得学位。哈尔登、费施尔和莱特这三位科学家都通过对突变率、大小、繁殖和其他因素的分析，并使用不同的数学论据将达尔文的演化论和孟德尔遗传理论联系起来。此外，哈尔登还在活动理论和人类生理学的研究方面做出了很多贡献。" ], [ "哈尔登和谁一起将达尔文的演化论和孟德尔的遗传理论联系起来？", @@ -466659,7 +466659,7 @@ "history": [ [ "地下铁道Underground Railroad指美国南北战争以前北方各州的秘密交通网。北方有一些人同情奴隶，他们利用这些管道帮助逃亡的奴隶到达美国北部加拿大的安全地带。它之所以称为「地下铁道」，是因为其活动必须在黑夜或伪装下秘密进行。估计通过「地下铁道」而获得自由的黑奴在四万～十万之间。\n\n我之前看到了一段关于“地下铁道”的信息，能跟我介绍一下它的历史背景吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。地下铁道（Underground Railroad）是19世纪美国南北战争之前，帮助非洲奴隶逃离南方到北方安全地带的一个秘密救援网络。那些同情奴隶的北方人，称为“指导者”，在夜间或伪装下进行此项活动。据估计，约有4万至10万名非洲奴隶在地下铁道的帮助下获得了自由。" + "当然可以。地下铁道（Underground Railroad）是19世纪美国南北战争之前，帮助非洲奴隶逃离南方到北方安全地带的一个秘密救援网络。那些同情奴隶的北方人，称为“指导者”，在夜间或伪装下进行此项活动。据估计，约有4万至10万名非洲奴隶在地下铁道的帮助下获得了自由。" ], [ "这些地下铁道的指导者通常是谁？他们承担着怎样的风险？", @@ -466983,7 +466983,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哈利斯科Jalisco墨西哥中西部一州。西马德雷山脉纵贯全州，分隔了太平洋沿海平原和高原区。山区大部分是为火山带，常发生地震。湖泊众多，其中包括墨西哥最大的湖泊－－查帕拉湖。1526年西班牙人首度入侵，哈利斯科被并入新加利西亚。1889年因把特皮克区（即今纳亚里特州）画出沿海地带而面积大为缩小。经济以农业、畜牧业、林产品和采矿业为主。首府瓜达拉哈拉。面积80,836平方公里。人口约6,161,000（1997）。\n\n请问哈利斯科州的地理特点是什么？", - "你好，Human。哈利斯科（Jalisco）是墨西哥中西部的一个州。其地理特点主要有：西马德雷山脉穿越全州，将太平洋沿海平原和高原区分隔开；山区大部分属于火山带，因此地震较为频繁；湖泊数量众多，如查帕拉湖，是墨西哥最大的湖泊。" + "哈利斯科（Jalisco）是墨西哥中西部的一个州。其地理特点主要有：西马德雷山脉穿越全州，将太平洋沿海平原和高原区分隔开；山区大部分属于火山带，因此地震较为频繁；湖泊数量众多，如查帕拉湖，是墨西哥最大的湖泊。" ], [ "能详细介绍一下查帕拉湖吗？", @@ -467166,7 +467166,7 @@ "history": [ [ "武元甲1912年～Vo Nguyen Giap越南军事领袖，青年时即为越南自治而奋斗。中学与越南共产党领袖胡志明同学。作为河内的历史教授，他使同学和学生转向他的政治观。1939年印度支那共产党被法国禁止，武元甲逃往中国。1941年返回越南。第二次世界大战期间日本占领了越南，1945年他领导越盟军队击败日本。1954年赢得奠边府战役，从此结束了法国的殖民统治。他领导北方武装部队在越战（1955～1975）中赢得胜利，迫使美军撤离越南。战后在越南政府服务，担任多项职务。\n\n你好，请告诉我武元甲是在哪个年代开始为越南自治而进行努力的？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，武元甲从青年时期就开始为越南自治而奋斗。我们可以推测在20世纪初的1930年代左右，他开始投身于越南自治的事业。这是因为提到他曾是越南共产党领袖胡志明的中学同学，而后成为历史教授，这些经历都发生在他年轻时期和1939年印度支那共产党被法国禁止之前。" + "根据提供的信息，武元甲从青年时期就开始为越南自治而奋斗。我们可以推测在20世纪初的1930年代左右，他开始投身于越南自治的事业。这是因为提到他曾是越南共产党领袖胡志明的中学同学，而后成为历史教授，这些经历都发生在他年轻时期和1939年印度支那共产党被法国禁止之前。" ], [ "武元甲在20世纪40年代回到越南后有哪些重要的军事行动？", @@ -467227,7 +467227,7 @@ "history": [ [ "本地治里Pondicherry印度中央直辖区。1962年由本地治里、加里加尔（Karikal）、亚南（Yanam）和马埃（Mahe）等四个前法国殖民地组成。前三者沿着东部海岸分布，马埃则位于西部海岸。是印度最小的中央直辖区之一，主要是因四地共同信仰印度教而合并为一区。本地治里是该区行政首府。人口约894,000（1994）。\n\n请告诉我Pondicherry是如何成为印度的中央直辖区的？", - "你好，Human！很高兴为你解答。Pondicherry在1962年由前法国殖民地本地治里、加里加尔（Karikal）、亚南（Yanam）和马埃（Mahe）等四个区域组成。 这些区域分别为东、西两个海岸线上的地理位置。它们在这一年统一成为印度的一个中央直辖区，主要原因是这四个区域的居民共同信仰印度教。本地治里同时成为该中央直辖区的行政首府。" + "很高兴为你解答。Pondicherry在1962年由前法国殖民地本地治里、加里加尔（Karikal）、亚南（Yanam）和马埃（Mahe）等四个区域组成。 这些区域分别为东、西两个海岸线上的地理位置。它们在这一年统一成为印度的一个中央直辖区，主要原因是这四个区域的居民共同信仰印度教。本地治里同时成为该中央直辖区的行政首府。" ], [ "请问Pondicherry的人口是多少？", @@ -467296,7 +467296,7 @@ "history": [ [ "洲际弹道飞弹ICBM全名intercontinental ballistic missile射程超过5,300公里的导弹。着名的MX和平守护者飞弹射程超过9,600公里。洲际弹道飞弹如装置在发射井的义勇兵飞弹及海底发射的三叉戟飞弹。第一枚洲际弹道飞弹是苏联1958年发展，但是不到四年美国就取得明显的领先优势。\n\n请问洲际弹道飞弹ICBM的全名是什么？", - "你好，Human！洲际弹道飞弹ICBM的全名是Intercontinental Ballistic Missile，它是一种射程超过5,300公里的导弹。" + "洲际弹道飞弹ICBM的全名是Intercontinental Ballistic Missile，它是一种射程超过5,300公里的导弹。" ], [ "有哪些著名的洲际弹道飞弹及其射程呢？", @@ -467357,7 +467357,7 @@ "history": [ [ "基遍Gibeon即今吉卜（al-Jib）。古代迦南重要城镇，在耶路撒冷西北。根据《圣经》，以色列人征服迦南时，其居民自愿投降约书亚。1956年考古发掘表明︰在部分青铜早期时代和大部分青铜中期时代（3000?～1550 BC）已有人居住；在青铜晚期时代的后期（1550?～1200 BC），即约书亚征服迦南之前，仍为耶路撒冷城邦的属地。\n\n请问你了解有关基遍古城的历史背景吗？", - "你好，Human。我了解基遍（Gibeon）古城的历史背景。基遍是一个位于耶路撒冷西北的古代迦南城市，现今称为吉卜（al-Jib）。据《圣经》记载，在以色列人征服迦南时，基遍的居民自愿投降约书亚。根据1956年的考古发掘，我们知道基遍在部分青铜早期时代和大部分青铜中期时代（约公元前3000至1550）已有人居住。而在青铜晚期时代的后期（约公元前1550至1200），即约书亚征服迦南之前，基遍仍是耶路撒冷城邦的属地。" + "我了解基遍（Gibeon）古城的历史背景。基遍是一个位于耶路撒冷西北的古代迦南城市，现今称为吉卜（al-Jib）。据《圣经》记载，在以色列人征服迦南时，基遍的居民自愿投降约书亚。根据1956年的考古发掘，我们知道基遍在部分青铜早期时代和大部分青铜中期时代（约公元前3000至1550）已有人居住。而在青铜晚期时代的后期（约公元前1550至1200），即约书亚征服迦南之前，基遍仍是耶路撒冷城邦的属地。" ], [ "既然基遍的居民在以色列人征服迦南时自愿投降，那么他们在这段历史中扮演了什么角色？", @@ -467410,7 +467410,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马瑟韦尔1915～1991年Motherwell, Robert美国画家、作家和教师。十一岁时就获得艺术奖学金，但在决定成为真正的画家之前分别已在史丹福大学和哈佛大学获得学位。早期拥护抽象表现主义，其有见识的着作主要是受该运动的影响。在他1949年开始并持续了三十多年创作而成的作品《西班牙共和国哀歌》系列中，他发展了在图画平面使用简朴、宁静的黑色图案的方法，以产生一种迟缓而庄严的变化之感。他的作品风格多样，但主要以身为抽象表现主义的创立者和杰出代表作开路先锋而出名。\n\n你好，请问你了解马瑟韦尔这个人物吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，我了解马瑟韦尔（Robert Motherwell），他是一位美国画家、作家和教师，生活在1915年至1991年。在还没有决定成为专业画家之前，马瑟韦尔在史丹福大学和哈佛大学分别获得了学位。他早期是抽象表现主义的拥护者，受到这一艺术运动的影响，在他的一些有见识的作品中可以看出。" + "是的，我了解马瑟韦尔（Robert Motherwell），他是一位美国画家、作家和教师，生活在1915年至1991年。在还没有决定成为专业画家之前，马瑟韦尔在史丹福大学和哈佛大学分别获得了学位。他早期是抽象表现主义的拥护者，受到这一艺术运动的影响，在他的一些有见识的作品中可以看出。" ], [ "请解释一下什么是抽象表现主义？", @@ -467953,7 +467953,7 @@ "history": [ [ "林莺wood warbler雀形目林莺科鸣禽。为新大陆鸟类，与旧大陆的莺区别。一百多种，小型（或长13公分），常见于林地，亦见于沼泽地和干燥灌丛。色泽多鲜明。鸣声往往嘈杂单调。巢通常整洁，杯形，筑于灌木或树上；产2～5个带斑点的卵。亦请参阅blackpoll warbler、chat、redstart。\n\n你好，请根据我提供的信息，告诉我林莺和旧大陆的莺有什么区别？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，林莺（Wood Warbler）是新大陆的鸟类，而旧大陆的莺则生活在另一个地理区域。这是它们之间的主要区别。虽然它们同属于雀形目，但所属的科不同，林莺属于林莺科，而旧大陆的莺所属的科可能有所不同。除此之外，它们的生活习性、分布区域等方面也可能存在差异。" + "根据你提供的信息，林莺（Wood Warbler）是新大陆的鸟类，而旧大陆的莺则生活在另一个地理区域。这是它们之间的主要区别。虽然它们同属于雀形目，但所属的科不同，林莺属于林莺科，而旧大陆的莺所属的科可能有所不同。除此之外，它们的生活习性、分布区域等方面也可能存在差异。" ], [ "能否详细介绍一下林莺的基本特征和生活习性？", @@ -468029,7 +468029,7 @@ "history": [ [ "哭泣之路Trail of Tears1835年乔治亚州的切罗基人领地发现金矿，一小群切罗基少数民族被迫以五百万美元的补偿放弃密西西比河东部的部落领地。该交易被美国联邦最高法院宣布为无效，但是州政府无视法院做出的裁决，杰克森总统也不支持执行该判决。结果成千上万切罗基人被迫向奥克拉荷马州西迁，历时116天的强行迁徙一片混乱，由于缺乏食物，天气寒冷，加上押送军队的残暴无情，致使大约4000名切罗基人死于旅途之中。\n\n请你简单介绍一下什么是哭泣之路，以及这个事件产生的背景。", - "你好，Human！哭泣之路（Trail of Tears）是指1830年代美国政府迫使原住民族如切罗基、克里克、乔克塔、奇克索和塞米诺尔等族群从他们的故土，东部森林地区，强行迁徙至新的印第安保留区，位于现奥克拉荷马州的事件。这场迁徙过程中，由于恶劣的天气条件、缺乏食物供应、疾病和暴力导致了成千上万的原住民死亡。其中一个关键的背景事件是1835年乔治亚州的切罗基人领地发现金矿，之后州政府无视美国联邦最高法院的判决，迫使切罗基族放弃原有的领土。" + "哭泣之路（Trail of Tears）是指1830年代美国政府迫使原住民族如切罗基、克里克、乔克塔、奇克索和塞米诺尔等族群从他们的故土，东部森林地区，强行迁徙至新的印第安保留区，位于现奥克拉荷马州的事件。这场迁徙过程中，由于恶劣的天气条件、缺乏食物供应、疾病和暴力导致了成千上万的原住民死亡。其中一个关键的背景事件是1835年乔治亚州的切罗基人领地发现金矿，之后州政府无视美国联邦最高法院的判决，迫使切罗基族放弃原有的领土。" ], [ "那么问题来了，当时的总统安德鲁·杰克森对这个事件有什么影响？", @@ -468549,7 +468549,7 @@ "history": [ [ "误差error应用数学中真值与其估计值或近似值间之差异。在统计中一个常见的例子即为人口平均值（参阅mean, median, and mode）与人口取样之平均值间的差异。在数值分析（numerical analysis）中舍略误差之一例证即为无理值π（pi）与其近似有理化值22/7或314159间之差异。舍弃误差则因在无穷级数中仅计算及有限项数而造成。相对误差即为前述数值差除以真值之数。百分率误差即再将之化为百分数。\n\n我在阅读以上关于误差的内容时有些疑惑，能帮我解答一下吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以，我会尽力帮你解答关于误差的问题，请随时提问。" + "当然可以，我会尽力帮你解答关于误差的问题，请随时提问。" ], [ "请解释一下误差的概念，以及它在应用数学和统计学中的作用。", @@ -468751,7 +468751,7 @@ "history": [ [ "莫西诸邦Mossi states西部非洲伏塔河源头附近的一些独立王国（1500?～1895），位于现今的布吉纳法索和迦纳两共和国内。传统认为其祖先可能在13世纪时从东方而来，但是王国的起源至今不明。莫西人骚扰马利帝国和桑海帝国，争夺对尼日河中游地区的控制权。1400年起，莫西诸邦成为森林诸邦与尼日城市的贸易仲介商。莫西诸邦始终保持独立，直到19世纪末法国人入侵。\n\n请问莫西诸邦是在哪个地区的一些独立王国？", - "你好，Human。根据所提供的信息，莫西诸邦位于西非的伏塔河源头附近，分布在现今的布吉纳法索和迦纳两个共和国内。这些独立王国成立于大约1500年前后，直到1895年左右，才因法国人的侵入而结束。" + "根据所提供的信息，莫西诸邦位于西非的伏塔河源头附近，分布在现今的布吉纳法索和迦纳两个共和国内。这些独立王国成立于大约1500年前后，直到1895年左右，才因法国人的侵入而结束。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。关于莫西诸邦的起源，历史学家们是怎么看的？", @@ -468885,7 +468885,7 @@ "history": [ [ "平台网球platform tennis板网球的变种，在铁丝栅栏包围的平台上进行。1928年在纽约州斯卡斯代尔设计而成。短柄的椭圆形球拍由穿孔的夹板组成；球用海绵胶制成。规则与网球一样，所不同的是允许接在场内落地后再从后墙或边墙弹回的球。\n\n你好，请问平台网球与常规网球有哪些不同之处？", - "您好，Human！平台网球（platform tennis）是网球的一种变种，它与常规网球有以下几点不同：\n\n1. 比赛场地：平台网球在铁丝栅栏包围的平台上进行，而常规网球在没有围墙的标准网球场内进行。\n2. 拍子：平台网球使用短柄、椭圆形，由穿孔的夹板组成的拍子，而常规网球使用的拍子较长且形状和构造不同。\n3. 球：平台网球用的球使用海绵胶制成，相对于常规网球更轻。\n4. 规则差异：平台网球允许接在场内落地后再从后墙或边墙弹回的球，常规网球则不允许这样。\n\n平台网球的这些特点使其有别于常规网球，提供了一种不同的竞技体验。" + "平台网球（platform tennis）是网球的一种变种，它与常规网球有以下几点不同：\n\n1. 比赛场地：平台网球在铁丝栅栏包围的平台上进行，而常规网球在没有围墙的标准网球场内进行。\n2. 拍子：平台网球使用短柄、椭圆形，由穿孔的夹板组成的拍子，而常规网球使用的拍子较长且形状和构造不同。\n3. 球：平台网球用的球使用海绵胶制成，相对于常规网球更轻。\n4. 规则差异：平台网球允许接在场内落地后再从后墙或边墙弹回的球，常规网球则不允许这样。\n\n平台网球的这些特点使其有别于常规网球，提供了一种不同的竞技体验。" ], [ "了解了，那么平台网球的起源是如何的？", @@ -469190,7 +469190,7 @@ "history": [ [ "末法mappo日本佛教用语，指佛法衰微时期。佛陀死后分为正法时期、像法时期和末法时期三个时期。末法时期是真实信念重新盛行的新时期，随后受弥勒菩萨指引。日本佛教徒认为末法时期从1052年开始，已经持续了10,000年，人类当前的历史时期仍属于末法时期。\n\n我最近在学习日本佛教，了解到一个概念叫做末法mappo。能向我简要介绍一下这个概念吗？", - "你好，Human。末法mappo是日本佛教的一个用语，指的是佛法衰微的时期。佛教认为，佛陀死后的历史时期可以分为三个阶段：正法时期、像法时期和末法时期。其中，末法时期被认为是真实信念重新盛行的新时期，随后受到弥勒菩萨的指引。据日本佛教徒的传统观念，末法时期始于公元1052年，已经持续了10,000年，而当前的人类历史仍处于末法时期。" + "末法mappo是日本佛教的一个用语，指的是佛法衰微的时期。佛教认为，佛陀死后的历史时期可以分为三个阶段：正法时期、像法时期和末法时期。其中，末法时期被认为是真实信念重新盛行的新时期，随后受到弥勒菩萨的指引。据日本佛教徒的传统观念，末法时期始于公元1052年，已经持续了10,000年，而当前的人类历史仍处于末法时期。" ], [ "我想了解，正法时期和像法时期有什么特点？", @@ -469436,7 +469436,7 @@ "history": [ [ "托卢卡Toluca (de Lerdo)墨西哥中部墨西哥州首府（1990年人口约488,000），海拔2,680公尺，是北美洲地势最高的城市之一。该城遗址于1530年被发现，13世纪印第安奥托米人曾在此居住。托卢卡周边地区以农业和畜牧业为主，为商业和交通中心。最古老的教堂是西班牙征服后不久建立的，于1585年重建。托卢卡最早的一座教堂被发现。托卢卡地区存有大量的考古遗迹，其中部分遗址受到阿兹特克人和托尔特克人的影响。\n\n我想了解一下墨西哥中部的托卢卡。这座城市是墨西哥州的首府吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，托卢卡（Toluca de Lerdo）是墨西哥中部墨西哥州的首府。这座城市位于海拔2,680米的高原上，因此是北美洲地势最高的城市之一。" + "是的，托卢卡（Toluca de Lerdo）是墨西哥中部墨西哥州的首府。这座城市位于海拔2,680米的高原上，因此是北美洲地势最高的城市之一。" ], [ "托卢卡的文化背景是怎样的？", @@ -469676,7 +469676,7 @@ "history": [ [ "基督教早期教父文学patristic literature西元8世纪以前的文学体裁，由基督徒所作（不包括《新约》在内）。多指教会神父写的作品。大都是用希腊语或拉丁语写成的，但很多保存下来的是用叙利亚语和其他近东语言写的。使徒教父写的作品包括了最早的基督教早期教父文学。到了西元2世纪中期，基督教教徒写书是向罗马政府为他们的信仰作辩护，并驳斥诺斯底派。重要的教父文学作家包括殉教士圣查斯丁、奥利金、德尔图良、优西比乌斯、圣亚大纳西、圣大巴西勒、尼斯的圣格列高利、纳西昂的圣格列高利、圣约翰克里索斯托、圣安布罗斯、圣奥古斯丁、叙利亚人圣厄弗冷（306?～373）、圣哲罗姆、莫普苏埃斯蒂亚的狄奥多尔、亚历山大里亚的圣西里尔（375?～444）、忏悔者圣马克西穆斯（580?～662），以及教宗圣格列高利一世。\n\n在基督教早期教父文学中，最早的一些作品是由使徒教父所写，请解释使徒教父是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。在基督教的历史中，使徒教父指的是一群在使徒时代或其紧随其后的时间里生活的基督教领袖。他们直接或间接地与最初的基督教使徒建立联系，因此被称为使徒教父。这些使徒教父的著作被认为是基督教早期教父文学的最早例证，他们的教导通常被认为有权威性，因为他们的思想和信仰接近于初期的基督教信仰。" + "在基督教的历史中，使徒教父指的是一群在使徒时代或其紧随其后的时间里生活的基督教领袖。他们直接或间接地与最初的基督教使徒建立联系，因此被称为使徒教父。这些使徒教父的著作被认为是基督教早期教父文学的最早例证，他们的教导通常被认为有权威性，因为他们的思想和信仰接近于初期的基督教信仰。" ] ] }, @@ -469767,7 +469767,7 @@ "history": [ [ "口mouth亦作oral cavity或buccal cavity食物和空气进入身体的入口。口腔于唇部向外开口，后通喉，由唇、颊、硬软颚、声门等围成。主要结构有牙、舌和颚。是咀嚼和言语的器官。口腔为黏膜层覆盖，包括保持口腔湿润、清除食物及其他碎屑的小腺体和唾腺。\n\n你好，请问口腔的主要功能是什么？", - "你好，Human！口腔的主要功能是作为食物和空气进入身体的入口，同时它也是咀嚼和言语的器官。通过咀嚼，口腔内的牙齿可以将食物破碎并与唾液充分混合，为食物的消化和吞咽做好准备。在言语方面，口腔结构参与发音，使我们能够清晰地表达思想和感情。" + "口腔的主要功能是作为食物和空气进入身体的入口，同时它也是咀嚼和言语的器官。通过咀嚼，口腔内的牙齿可以将食物破碎并与唾液充分混合，为食物的消化和吞咽做好准备。在言语方面，口腔结构参与发音，使我们能够清晰地表达思想和感情。" ], [ "口腔里面有哪些主要结构？", @@ -469912,7 +469912,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电感inductance导体（经常为线圈状）的一种性质，用导体中感生的电动势（emf）或电压与产生这电压的电流变化率之比来量度。稳定变化的电流会产生变化的磁场，这变化的磁场又反过来使处于这磁场的导体感生电动势。感生电动势的大小与电流的变化率成正比。比例因数称为电感，其单位是亨利，以纪念首次认识到自感现象的19世纪美国物理学家约瑟夫亨利；1亨利等于1伏特除以1安培／秒。\n\n你好，请你解释一下什么是电感。", - "你好，Human！电感，也称为电感量，表示一个导体（通常是线圈状）对于电流变化的响应。当电流通过导体时，会产生变化的磁场。这个变化的磁场又会在导体中产生感生电动势或电压。电感的大小就是感生电动势与电流变化率之比，单位是亨利（H）。亨利这个单位是为了纪念19世纪美国物理学家约瑟夫·亨利，他是第一个认识到自感现象的人。根据定义，1亨利等于1伏特除以1安培每秒。" + "电感，也称为电感量，表示一个导体（通常是线圈状）对于电流变化的响应。当电流通过导体时，会产生变化的磁场。这个变化的磁场又会在导体中产生感生电动势或电压。电感的大小就是感生电动势与电流变化率之比，单位是亨利（H）。亨利这个单位是为了纪念19世纪美国物理学家约瑟夫·亨利，他是第一个认识到自感现象的人。根据定义，1亨利等于1伏特除以1安培每秒。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释。那么，用途是什么？", @@ -470050,7 +470050,7 @@ "history": [ [ "巴格达Baghdad亦作Bagdad伊拉克首都。濒临底格里斯河，自古已有人定居。762年哈里发曼苏尔（al-Mansur, 754～775年在位）将其定为阿拔斯王朝（754～775）的首都时，地位开始变得重要。在哈伦赖世德的领导下，巴格达繁荣到极点，反映在《一千零一夜》中，是当时世界最大最富有的城市之一。巴格达当时为一个伊斯兰教中心，其贸易和文化地位仅次于君士坦丁堡。809年首都迁到萨迈拉（Samarra）之后，巴格达开始衰落。1258年旭烈兀所率的蒙古人劫掠了巴格达，1401年被帖木儿占领，1524年波斯苏莱曼一世夺取该城。1638年被鄂图曼帝国占领时曾出现过短暂的复兴。1921年巴格达成为伊拉克王国的首都。1958年在巴格达发生的一场政变结束了君主政体。波斯湾战争中遭到猛烈轰炸，现仍处于国际经济制裁中。人口约4,400,000（1996）。\n\n你好。请简要介绍一下巴格达的地理位置。", - "你好，Human。巴格达是伊拉克的首都，位于底格里斯河沿岸。它是一座古老的城市，自古以来就有人在此地定居。因为位于世界著名的底格里斯河流域，所以地理位置非常优越。这里的地理位置使得巴格达成为了一个历史悠久的交通、贸易和文化中心。" + "巴格达是伊拉克的首都，位于底格里斯河沿岸。它是一座古老的城市，自古以来就有人在此地定居。因为位于世界著名的底格里斯河流域，所以地理位置非常优越。这里的地理位置使得巴格达成为了一个历史悠久的交通、贸易和文化中心。" ], [ "巴格达的历史影响有哪些？", @@ -470446,7 +470446,7 @@ "history": [ [ "欧纳西斯1906～1975年Onassis, Aristotle (Socrates)希腊海运业大王，国际贸易商人。烟草商之子，在布宜诺斯艾利斯经营进口烟草业务。希腊政府委任他为总领事。二十五岁时成为百万富翁。1932年他第一次买了货轮。在1940～1950年代他所建的超级油轮及货轮船队的规模比许多国家的海军还大。他在蒙地卡罗购得公司股权。1957～1974年拥有奥林匹克航空公司。与卡拉丝有长期的亲密关系。1968年与贾桂琳甘乃迪结婚。\n\n请问，欧纳西斯从事的主要行业是什么？", - "你好，Human! 欧纳西斯（Aristotle Onassis）主要从事的行业是海运业。他曾是一位希腊海运业大王以及国际贸易商人，他在1940至1950年代所建立的超级油轮和货轮船队规模非常庞大，甚至超过了许多国家的海军。" + "欧纳西斯（Aristotle Onassis）主要从事的行业是海运业。他曾是一位希腊海运业大王以及国际贸易商人，他在1940至1950年代所建立的超级油轮和货轮船队规模非常庞大，甚至超过了许多国家的海军。" ], [ "欧纳西斯的财富起点是什么？", @@ -470629,7 +470629,7 @@ "history": [ [ "活动雕塑mobile一种抽象雕塑，其活动部分用马达或风力推动。其旋转部分形成了不断变换形体与结构的新的视觉经验。该名称始源于杜象在1932年巴黎博览会上对考尔德的这些作品的称呼，后者成为活动雕塑的最伟大的代表者。\n\n你好。活动雕塑是什么呢？", - "你好，Human！活动雕塑是一种抽象雕塑，它的特点是具有可动的部分，通常使用马达或风力来推动。这种雕塑的旋转部分会形成不断变换的形体和结构，给人们带来全新的视觉体验。活动雕塑这个名称起源于1932年，艺术家杜象在巴黎博览会上对艾力山大·考尔德的这些作品的称呼。後來，考尔德成为活动雕塑的最伟大的代表者。" + "活动雕塑是一种抽象雕塑，它的特点是具有可动的部分，通常使用马达或风力来推动。这种雕塑的旋转部分会形成不断变换的形体和结构，给人们带来全新的视觉体验。活动雕塑这个名称起源于1932年，艺术家杜象在巴黎博览会上对艾力山大·考尔德的这些作品的称呼。後來，考尔德成为活动雕塑的最伟大的代表者。" ], [ "那么，杜象是谁呢？", @@ -470961,7 +470961,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伊莉莎白Elizabeth美国新泽西州东北部城市。人口约110,000（1996）。濒纽华克湾（Newark Bay），邻近纽华克（Newark），有桥和斯塔顿岛（Staten Island）相通。1664年因从德拉瓦印第安人手中购买土地始有居民。第一次殖民会议在此召开（1668～1682）。美国独立战争时，这里曾四次成为战场。19世纪迅速发展，现在已高度工业化，有重要的航运设施。为普林斯顿大学原址（1746）。汉弥尔顿和伯尔的故乡均在此。\n\n请问伊莉莎白这个城市位于美国哪个州？是一个怎样的城市？", - "你好，Human！伊莉莎白位于美国新泽西州的东北部，它是新泽西州内重要的城市之一。根据1996年的数据，伊莉莎白市的人口约为110,000人。它濒临纽华克湾，靠近纽华克这个大城市，并且通过桥梁与斯塔顿岛相连。历史悠久且经济发达，拥有发达的工业和航运设施。" + "伊莉莎白位于美国新泽西州的东北部，它是新泽西州内重要的城市之一。根据1996年的数据，伊莉莎白市的人口约为110,000人。它濒临纽华克湾，靠近纽华克这个大城市，并且通过桥梁与斯塔顿岛相连。历史悠久且经济发达，拥有发达的工业和航运设施。" ], [ "请问这个城市的历史背景是怎么样的？", @@ -471022,7 +471022,7 @@ "history": [ [ "平行公设parallel postulate构成欧几里德几何学基础的欧几里德五大公设之一。说明在同一平面上，通过不在直线上的特定点仅有一条直线平行该直线。与欧几里德另外四个公设不同的是，这个公设并非不言而喻，无法从几何学的公理推导出来。后来也证明，平行公设并非必要。19世纪，高斯、洛巴柴夫斯基、黎曼等人发明非欧几里德几何学，去除平行公设。\n\n你好，请你给我简要介绍一下平行公设是什么。", - "你好，Human！平行公设是欧几里得几何学中的五大公设之一，它规定了在同一平面上，通过一个不在直线上的特定点，只能作出一条与原直线平行的直线。相较于其他四个公设，平行公设的成立并非显而易见，也无法由其他几何公理推导出来。在19世纪，高斯、洛巴柴夫斯基和黎曼等人发明了非欧几里得几何学，证明了平行公设并非必要，他们分别提出了不同的公理系统，摆脱了平行公设的束缚。这对几何学的发展产生了深刻的影响。" + "平行公设是欧几里得几何学中的五大公设之一，它规定了在同一平面上，通过一个不在直线上的特定点，只能作出一条与原直线平行的直线。相较于其他四个公设，平行公设的成立并非显而易见，也无法由其他几何公理推导出来。在19世纪，高斯、洛巴柴夫斯基和黎曼等人发明了非欧几里得几何学，证明了平行公设并非必要，他们分别提出了不同的公理系统，摆脱了平行公设的束缚。这对几何学的发展产生了深刻的影响。" ], [ "请解释一下为什么平行公设并非不言而喻，无法从几何学的公理推导出来？", @@ -471361,7 +471361,7 @@ "history": [ [ "艺术品保存和修复art conservation and restoration对艺术品的修复及保存，以避免因疏忽、蓄意破坏或更通常因年代久远及长期使用使制成这些物品的材料受到不可避免的损坏。艺术史的研究大大依赖20世纪艺术品修复的技术和科学方法的进步。\n\n你好，请问艺术品保存和修复的主要目的是什么？", - "你好，Human！艺术品保存和修复的主要目的是为了防止艺术品因疏忽、蓄意破坏或更通常的原因，如年代久远和长期使用，从而导致制成这些物品的材料受到不可避免的损坏。通过艺术品的保存和修复，可以使艺术品保持其原有的状态和价值，以便后人可以欣赏和研究。" + "艺术品保存和修复的主要目的是为了防止艺术品因疏忽、蓄意破坏或更通常的原因，如年代久远和长期使用，从而导致制成这些物品的材料受到不可避免的损坏。通过艺术品的保存和修复，可以使艺术品保持其原有的状态和价值，以便后人可以欣赏和研究。" ], [ "艺术史研究和艺术品修复之间有什么关系？", @@ -471513,7 +471513,7 @@ "history": [ [ "寄生现象parasitism两种物种之间的一种关系：一个物种靠损害另一个物种而受益。外寄生物居住在寄主身体表面；内寄生物居住在寄主的器官、组织或细胞中，并常借助第三种生物体（载体或带菌者）传播到寄主。杜鹃和牛鹂属于孵育寄生，他们将卵产于其他鸟类的巢中，由那些养父母来抚养他们的孩子。在社会寄生现象中，一种动物会寄生于同类动物身上（如一种蚂蚁寄生于不同种类蚂蚁的身上）。如果寄生物也被其他物体寄生，就称作超寄生现象（如原生动物超寄生于狗身上的蝨子）。亦请参阅predation。\n\n请问寄生现象是什么？", - "你好，Human！寄生现象是指一种物种（寄生物）依赖于另一种物種（寄主）而生存，并给寄主带来损害的现象。根据寄生物生活在寄主的位置，可以分为外寄生和内寄生。外寄生物居住在寄主的体表，而内寄生物生活在寄主的器官、组织或细胞中。此外，内寄生物有时会通过第三种生物体（例如载体或带菌者）传播到寄主。" + "寄生现象是指一种物种（寄生物）依赖于另一种物種（寄主）而生存，并给寄主带来损害的现象。根据寄生物生活在寄主的位置，可以分为外寄生和内寄生。外寄生物居住在寄主的体表，而内寄生物生活在寄主的器官、组织或细胞中。此外，内寄生物有时会通过第三种生物体（例如载体或带菌者）传播到寄主。" ], [ "那么，杜鹃和牛鹂是如何进行寄生行为的？", @@ -471532,7 +471532,7 @@ "history": [ [ "交响诗symphonic poem亦称音诗（tone poem）受非音乐的故事或概念，通常是文学题材的启发而创作的管弦乐曲作品，通常是单乐章的。由标题性序曲（如孟德尔颂的《芬格尔的洞穴》）发展而成。命名此术语的李斯特写作了十三部这类作品。着名的交响诗包括史麦塔纳（B Smetana）的《伏尔塔瓦河》（1879）、德布西的《牧神的午后序曲》（1894）、杜卡（P Dukas）的《魔法师的门徒》（1897）和史特劳斯的《唐吉诃德》（1897）和西贝流士的《芬兰颂》（1900）。\n\n我刚刚了解了一些关于交响诗的内容，但还有一些疑问，可以请教你吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。请随时提问，我会为你提供详尽的解答。" + "当然可以。请随时提问，我会为你提供详尽的解答。" ], [ "交响诗这个词语是如何产生的？", @@ -471673,7 +471673,7 @@ "history": [ [ "波函数wave function量子力学中，从数学上描述粒子波动性的变量。粒子的波函数在时空中某给定点的值与粒子在该时间于该位置出现的机率相关。波函数与声波类比可以认为它表示的是粒子波的振幅，尽管这样的波振幅并没有物理意义，但波函数的平方却具有物理意义︰由特定的波函数所描述的粒子在给定位置与时间出现的机率与波函数平方的值成比例。\n\n请问波函数这个概念是什么含义？", - "你好，Human！波函数（wave function）是量子力学中一个非常重要的概念，它反映了微观粒子的波动性。波函数用数学变量表示，在时空的某点给定条件下，可以获得粒子在该时间和位置出现的概率。尽管波函数本身类似于物理波的振幅，但它并没有直接的物理意义。然而，与其有关的波函数平方具有极为重要的物理意义，即表示粒子在给定时间和位置出现的概率与波函数平方的值成正比。" + "波函数（wave function）是量子力学中一个非常重要的概念，它反映了微观粒子的波动性。波函数用数学变量表示，在时空的某点给定条件下，可以获得粒子在该时间和位置出现的概率。尽管波函数本身类似于物理波的振幅，但它并没有直接的物理意义。然而，与其有关的波函数平方具有极为重要的物理意义，即表示粒子在给定时间和位置出现的概率与波函数平方的值成正比。" ], [ "那么为什么波函数的平方具有物理意义呢？", @@ -471828,7 +471828,7 @@ "history": [ [ "冰川学glaciology研究大片陆地上冰体一切方面的学科。它研究冰川冰的结构和特性、其形成和分布情况、冰体流动的动力学以及冰的积累与气候的相互影响。冰川学的研究是用多种多样的方法进行的，例如雷达测深法、钻孔、横向隧道和遥感技术（使用由人造卫星携带的红外辐射扫描仪和多频道扫描仪）。\n\n我想了解一下冰川学这个领域，你能简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！冰川学是一门研究陆地上冰体各个方面的学科。它主要关注冰川冰的结构和特性、冰体的形成和分布情况、冰体流动的动力学，以及冰川积累和气候之间的相互影响。冰川学家利用多种多样的方法进行研究，如雷达测深法、钻孔、横向隧道和遥感技术等。这些技术有的是通过人造卫星携带的红外辐射扫描仪和多频道扫描仪完成的。" + "冰川学是一门研究陆地上冰体各个方面的学科。它主要关注冰川冰的结构和特性、冰体的形成和分布情况、冰体流动的动力学，以及冰川积累和气候之间的相互影响。冰川学家利用多种多样的方法进行研究，如雷达测深法、钻孔、横向隧道和遥感技术等。这些技术有的是通过人造卫星携带的红外辐射扫描仪和多频道扫描仪完成的。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍！我还想知道冰川学都研究哪些冰体？", @@ -472186,7 +472186,7 @@ "history": [ [ "齐特琴zither某些弦乐器的通称。欧洲齐特琴在扁平的音箱上张以肠衣或金属弦，离演奏者最近的弦线张在有品的指板上，左手按弦以奏出旋律音。演奏时琴横放在演奏者膝上或桌上，用套在右手拇指上的拨子拨奏。通常奥地利齐特琴是近似长方形，有30～40根弦。齐特族乐器品种不一，包括如风鸣琴、自动竖琴、小提琴、扬琴、日本古琴，以及击弦键琴、大键琴和钢琴。\n\n你好。我最近对齐特琴这个乐器比较感兴趣，能简单地给我介绍一下它是什么样的乐器吗？", - "你好，Human！根据所提供的信息，齐特琴是一种弦乐器，它在扁平的音箱上张以肠衣或金属弦。欧洲齐特琴离演奏者最近的弦线张在有品的指板上，左手按弦以奏出旋律音。演奏时，齐特琴横放在演奏者的膝上或桌上，用套在右手拇指上的拨子拨奏。通常奥地利齐特琴是近似长方形，有30～40根弦。" + "根据所提供的信息，齐特琴是一种弦乐器，它在扁平的音箱上张以肠衣或金属弦。欧洲齐特琴离演奏者最近的弦线张在有品的指板上，左手按弦以奏出旋律音。演奏时，齐特琴横放在演奏者的膝上或桌上，用套在右手拇指上的拨子拨奏。通常奥地利齐特琴是近似长方形，有30～40根弦。" ], [ "了解了，那么齐特族乐器都有哪些品种呢？", @@ -472985,7 +472985,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卢贡内斯1874～1938年Lugones, Leopoldo阿根廷诗人、评论家和文化大使。原本是个社会主义的新闻工作者，但他自己认为主要是诗人。早期的诗作收集在《金山》（1897）等诗集里，显示出他与现代主义的亲近关系。后来他接受政治的保守主义，他的诗歌和散文就以写实主义的风格处理民族的题材。1914～1938年担任国家教育委员会的主任，还写了阿根廷的历史，从事古典希腊文学的研究和翻译。他对波赫士等这类年轻作家产生了很大的影响。\n\n请问你能告诉我卢贡内斯是谁吗？", - "你好，Human。卢贡内斯（Leopoldo Lugones，1874-1938）是一位阿根廷诗人、评论家和文化大使。他最初从事社会主义新闻工作，但他始终认为自己主要是一位诗人。卢贡内斯的诗歌和评论对后来的作家, 如豪尔赫·路易斯·博尔赫斯，产生了深远的影响。" + "卢贡内斯（Leopoldo Lugones，1874-1938）是一位阿根廷诗人、评论家和文化大使。他最初从事社会主义新闻工作，但他始终认为自己主要是一位诗人。卢贡内斯的诗歌和评论对后来的作家, 如豪尔赫·路易斯·博尔赫斯，产生了深远的影响。" ], [ "他的诗歌风格有何变化？", @@ -473069,7 +473069,7 @@ "history": [ [ "霓石aegirine一种辉石（pyroxene）类矿物，为钠和铁的硅酸盐（NaFe＋3i2O6）。常见于碱性火成岩中，尤其是正长岩和正长伟晶岩（pegmatite）中，也出现在结晶片岩（Schist）中。霓石大部分是暗绿色至绿黑色。\n\n根据这段描述，能简单介绍一下霓石是什么吗？", - "你好Human！当然可以。霓石是一种辉石类矿物，它的化学成分是钠和铁的硅酸盐（NaFe＋3i2O6）。这种矿物主要出现在碱性火成岩中，尤其是正长岩和正长伟晶岩中，同时也可以在结晶片岩中找到。霓石通常呈暗绿色至绿黑色。" + "当然可以。霓石是一种辉石类矿物，它的化学成分是钠和铁的硅酸盐（NaFe＋3i2O6）。这种矿物主要出现在碱性火成岩中，尤其是正长岩和正长伟晶岩中，同时也可以在结晶片岩中找到。霓石通常呈暗绿色至绿黑色。" ], [ "那么它在地质学上有什么特殊用途吗？", @@ -473602,7 +473602,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奥都邦1785～1851年Audubon, John James原名Fougère Rabin或Jean Rabin受洗名Jean-Jacques Fougère Audubon美国鸟类学家、画家和博物学家。以绘制北美洲鸟类图而闻名。为法国商人在海地所生下的私生子，后随父亲回到法国，在十八岁移居美国以前曾随大卫（J-L David）学画。移居美国后经由父亲宾州不动产的资助首度展开针对鸟群的实验。在几次经商失败后，他集中精力在绘画和研究鸟类，并从佛罗里达迁往加拿大拉布拉多（Labrador）。1827～1838年在伦敦出版了四卷本的《美洲鸟类图谱》（Birds of America）。1831～1839年又出版五卷本的《鸟类生态史》（Ornithological Biography），而《北美胎生四足动物》（Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America，三卷；1842～1854）则是由其子完成的。评论家们多认为奥都邦所画的鸟姿有些想像成分（甚至是不可能的），细节也不准确，但是很少有人对那些画是艺术精品持有异议，而他的研究也是新大陆生态之研究基础。\n\n你好，我了解到John James Audubon是一位美国鸟类学家和画家，请问他的主要成就是什么？", - "你好，Human！John James Audubon的主要成就是绘制北美洲鸟类并进行鸟类研究。他在1827-1838年期间出版了四卷本的《美洲鸟类图谱》（Birds of America），是一部关于北美洲鸟类的重要作品。同时，他在1831-1839年期间出版了五卷本的《鸟类生态史》（Ornithological Biography），对新大陆的生态研究有着巨大贡献。尽管评论家对他的一些画作细节有争议，但都认为这些作品是艺术品，并且确立了他在自然科学领域的地位。" + "John James Audubon的主要成就是绘制北美洲鸟类并进行鸟类研究。他在1827-1838年期间出版了四卷本的《美洲鸟类图谱》（Birds of America），是一部关于北美洲鸟类的重要作品。同时，他在1831-1839年期间出版了五卷本的《鸟类生态史》（Ornithological Biography），对新大陆的生态研究有着巨大贡献。尽管评论家对他的一些画作细节有争议，但都认为这些作品是艺术品，并且确立了他在自然科学领域的地位。" ], [ "了解了，那么他的画作细节准确性为什么会有争议呢？", @@ -473682,7 +473682,7 @@ "history": [ [ "轫致辐射bremsstrahlung带电粒子（尤其是电子）通过物质时，在原子核的强电场附近突然减速或突然偏转而产生的电磁辐射。轫致辐射是宇宙线在地球的大气层中消耗部分能量的过程之一，也是连续X射线谱产生的原因。\n\n请问轫致辐射是什么？", - "你好，Human。轫致辐射（Bremsstrahlung）是一种电磁辐射现象，当带电粒子（尤其是电子）通过物质时，在原子核的强电场附近突然减速或突然偏转，由此产生的电磁辐射称为轫致辐射。它是宇宙线在地球大气层中消耗部分能量的过程之一，同时也是连续X射线谱产生的原因。" + "轫致辐射（Bremsstrahlung）是一种电磁辐射现象，当带电粒子（尤其是电子）通过物质时，在原子核的强电场附近突然减速或突然偏转，由此产生的电磁辐射称为轫致辐射。它是宇宙线在地球大气层中消耗部分能量的过程之一，同时也是连续X射线谱产生的原因。" ], [ "轫致辐射与宇宙线在地球大气层中消耗能量有什么关系？", @@ -473720,7 +473720,7 @@ "history": [ [ "基督教科学箴言报Christian Science Monitor, The由基督教科学派主办，在波士顿出版的日报（周六、周日不出报）。该报是为了抗议当时流行的报刊充斥耸人听闻的报导，而依该派创始人爱迪的主张，于1908年创办的。该报以对新闻报导的精心处理和对政治、社会和经济发展的高瞻远瞩和综合性评估的质量而闻名。是最受重视的美国报纸之一。它只接受有限的全国性广告。1980年代初期发行几个地区版，在英国发行周刊国际版，1988年开始发行新月刊《世界箴言报》。\n\n请问基督教科学箴言报是什么时候创立的，创立原因是什么？", - "你好，Human。基督教科学箴言报（Christian Science Monitor）是于1908年创立的。它的创立原因是为了抗议当时流行的报刊充斥耸人听闻的报导。基督教科学派的创始人爱迪（Mary Baker Eddy）认为，应该有一份报纸充满积极、正面的信息，致力于精心处理新闻，并对政治、社会和经济发展进行高瞻远瞩和综合性评估。因此，基督教科学派主办了这份报纸。" + "基督教科学箴言报（Christian Science Monitor）是于1908年创立的。它的创立原因是为了抗议当时流行的报刊充斥耸人听闻的报导。基督教科学派的创始人爱迪（Mary Baker Eddy）认为，应该有一份报纸充满积极、正面的信息，致力于精心处理新闻，并对政治、社会和经济发展进行高瞻远瞩和综合性评估。因此，基督教科学派主办了这份报纸。" ], [ "基督教科学箴言报和其他报纸相比有什么特点？", @@ -473758,7 +473758,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奥利安Orion希腊神话中一个具有力量的猎人，有一些传说把他说成是波塞顿的儿子。他将希俄斯岛上的野兽都赶跑，并爱上了希俄斯国王的女儿梅罗普。国王不喜奥利安，派人把他弄瞎，但初升太阳的光芒使奥利安恢复了视力。后来他去克里特岛与阿提米丝同居和打猎。有的传说称他是阿提米丝或阿波罗的醋意；有的还说他为一巨蝎所螫而死。奥利安死后众神将其置于星空成为星座之一。\n\n你好，请根据这段关于奥利安（Orion）的信息，告诉我他的家族背景以及他在希俄斯岛上的事迹。", - "你好，Human! 根据提供的信息，奥利安是希腊神话中的一个具有力量的猎人，有一些传说把他描述为波塞顿的儿子。在希俄斯岛上，他展示了强大的力量，将岛上的野兽都赶跑。在此过程中，他爱上了希俄斯国王的女儿梅罗普。不过，国王并不喜欢奥利安，于是派人将他弄瞎。但奥利安的视力在初升太阳的光芒中得以恢复。这展示了奥利安在希腊神话中具有重要地位，他的家族背景被赋予了神的血统，而他在希俄斯岛的事迹反映了他的勇敢和力量。" + "根据提供的信息，奥利安是希腊神话中的一个具有力量的猎人，有一些传说把他描述为波塞顿的儿子。在希俄斯岛上，他展示了强大的力量，将岛上的野兽都赶跑。在此过程中，他爱上了希俄斯国王的女儿梅罗普。不过，国王并不喜欢奥利安，于是派人将他弄瞎。但奥利安的视力在初升太阳的光芒中得以恢复。这展示了奥利安在希腊神话中具有重要地位，他的家族背景被赋予了神的血统，而他在希俄斯岛的事迹反映了他的勇敢和力量。" ], [ "奥利安与阿提米丝和阿波罗之间是什么关系呢？", @@ -473872,7 +473872,7 @@ "history": [ [ "绿扁帽Green Berets亦作特勤部队（Special Forces）美国陆军的精英单位，擅长平定叛乱。绿扁帽（扁帽可能是绿色以外的其他颜色）成立于1952年。他们活跃于越战，同时也被派到世界各地发生动乱的地区，协助当地受美国支持的政府用游击战的战术对付叛军。\n\n请问绿扁帽是什么组织？", - "你好，Human。绿扁帽（Green Berets），又称为美国陆军特勤部队（Special Forces），是美国陆军的一个精英单位。该部队成立于1952年，主要擅长平定叛乱。他们在越南战争里发挥了重要作用。此外，绿扁帽也经常被派遣到全球发生动乱的地区，帮助当地受美国支持的政府用游击战的战术对付叛军。" + "绿扁帽（Green Berets），又称为美国陆军特勤部队（Special Forces），是美国陆军的一个精英单位。该部队成立于1952年，主要擅长平定叛乱。他们在越南战争里发挥了重要作用。此外，绿扁帽也经常被派遣到全球发生动乱的地区，帮助当地受美国支持的政府用游击战的战术对付叛军。" ], [ "能介绍一下他们在越南战争期间的表现吗？", @@ -473933,7 +473933,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尚帕涅1602～1674年Champaigne, Philippe de法国画家。年轻时在布鲁塞尔学画，1621年来到巴黎，他的顾客有路易十三世、玛丽德麦迪奇和黎塞留枢机主教，成为巴洛克时期最杰出的法国肖像画画家。1653年担任皇家美术学院教授，期间画了许多幅巴黎宫殿和教堂的景色。其代表作包括两幅黎塞留的肖像画，以及多幅罗亚尔港詹森派女修道院的画，其中最朴实的是《祈祷前》（1662），描绘了修道院中的女儿奇蹟般地治病情景。其作品风格显示了他把法兰德斯、法国和义大利的优点融为一体，以明快的色彩感觉、朴实的构图和纪念性的人物形象为特征。\n\n我对尚帕涅这位画家很感兴趣，请问他是在哪个时期成为法国最杰出的肖像画家？", - "你好，Human。尚帕涅（Philippe de Champaigne）是在巴洛克时期成为法国最杰出的肖像画家。他在这一时期的作品以明快的色彩感觉、朴实的构图和纪念性的人物形象为特征，受到了包括路易十三世、玛丽德麦迪奇和黎塞留枢机主教在内的贵族们的青睐。" + "尚帕涅（Philippe de Champaigne）是在巴洛克时期成为法国最杰出的肖像画家。他在这一时期的作品以明快的色彩感觉、朴实的构图和纪念性的人物形象为特征，受到了包括路易十三世、玛丽德麦迪奇和黎塞留枢机主教在内的贵族们的青睐。" ], [ "尚帕涅早期在哪里学习绘画？", @@ -474245,7 +474245,7 @@ "history": [ [ "努西亚的圣本笃约480～547?年Benedict of Nursia, St义大利蒙特卡西诺本笃会修道院的创办人，也是西方基督教修行制度的创始人。出身义大利中部努西亚的显赫家庭，因厌恶富人荒淫无度的生活，而隐居罗马城外，并吸引追随者前来。在蒙特卡西诺修道院中，他订下本笃会的规章条例，后来成为欧洲各修道院的标准。该规章规定修士在入修道院以后，必须经过一年观察期，然后发愿终身住在某个修道院；不得拥有私人财物；选举产生终身院长，由院长指定所有其他的干事；日常生活要遵守严格的作息制度，包括祈祷礼拜五～六小时，劳动五小时，读经书、心灵上诵念四小时。\n\n请告诉我关于圣本笃的一些信息吧。", - "你好，Human！圣本笃（约480～547?年）是意大利蒙特卡西诺本笃会修道院的创办人，被认为是西方基督教修行制度的创始人。他出生于意大利中部的努西亚，一个显赫的家庭。因为厌恶富人们荒淫无度的生活方式，圣本笃选择隐居在罗马城外。之后，他吸引了许多追随者，于是在蒙特卡西诺修道院中，制定了本笃会的规章条例，这套制度后来成为欧洲各修道院的标准。" + "圣本笃（约480～547?年）是意大利蒙特卡西诺本笃会修道院的创办人，被认为是西方基督教修行制度的创始人。他出生于意大利中部的努西亚，一个显赫的家庭。因为厌恶富人们荒淫无度的生活方式，圣本笃选择隐居在罗马城外。之后，他吸引了许多追随者，于是在蒙特卡西诺修道院中，制定了本笃会的规章条例，这套制度后来成为欧洲各修道院的标准。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答，能详细介绍一下这套规章条例吗？", @@ -474564,7 +474564,7 @@ "history": [ [ "毕尔格1747～1794年Bürger, Gottfried August德国诗人。与一群哥廷根林苑派的狂飙运动诗人交往。1773年出版稀奇古怪的歌谣集《莱诺勒》，对欧洲各地后来浪漫主义的发展具有深远影响。他也是浪漫主义谣曲文学的奠基人之一。他的翻译作品也颇为着名，尤其是翻译英格兰柏西（Thomas Percy）的《古英文诗的遗风》。\n\n你好，请你根据上述信息介绍一下毕尔格这位德国诗人的主要成就和贡献。", - "你好，Human！毕尔格（Gottfried August Bürger，1747-1794）是一位德国诗人，在哥廷根林苑派诗人群体中具有重要地位。他的代表作是1773年出版的歌谣集《莱诺勒》，这部作品对欧洲各地浪漫主义的发展产生了深远影响。毕尔格被誉为浪漫主义谣曲文学的奠基人之一。另外，他的翻译作品也非常出名，尤其是翻译英格兰诗人柏西的《古英文诗的遗风》。总的来说，毕尔格在诗歌创作和翻译方面都取得了卓越的成就，并对文学发展做出了重要贡献。" + "毕尔格（Gottfried August Bürger，1747-1794）是一位德国诗人，在哥廷根林苑派诗人群体中具有重要地位。他的代表作是1773年出版的歌谣集《莱诺勒》，这部作品对欧洲各地浪漫主义的发展产生了深远影响。毕尔格被誉为浪漫主义谣曲文学的奠基人之一。另外，他的翻译作品也非常出名，尤其是翻译英格兰诗人柏西的《古英文诗的遗风》。总的来说，毕尔格在诗歌创作和翻译方面都取得了卓越的成就，并对文学发展做出了重要贡献。" ], [ "《莱诺勒》这部歌谣集是怎样的作品？它对后来的浪漫主义有什么影响？", @@ -475059,7 +475059,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海德堡大学Heidelberg, University of德语全名Ruprecht-Karl-Universit?t Heidelberg位于德国海德堡的一所自治大学。1386年仿照巴黎大学建立。第一所学院为西笃会创立。17～18世纪曾经没落一时，但在19世纪初经过一次重整后恢复声望，成为科学、法律和哲学的中心，而其精彩的学生生活成为许多浪漫派故事的主题。目前注册人数约有28,000人。\n\n你好，请问海德堡大学是在什么时候建立的？", - "你好，Human! 海德堡大学（Heidelberg University）是在1386年仿照巴黎大学建立的。这是一所非常历史悠久的大学，位于德国海德堡市。" + "海德堡大学（Heidelberg University）是在1386年仿照巴黎大学建立的。这是一所非常历史悠久的大学，位于德国海德堡市。" ], [ "这所大学的全名是什么？有什么特点？", @@ -475517,7 +475517,7 @@ "history": [ [ "芝加哥河Chicago River美国伊利诺州东北部小河。由密西根湖以西的南、北两支流汇成。1885年大风暴时，该河大量污水流入密西根湖。1900年筑运河，使河水倒流，这一工程被视为现代工程史上一大壮举。现河水经南支流河流向内地，藉由芝加哥环境卫生和航行运河与德斯普兰斯河连接。\n\n请问芝加哥河是怎样在现代工程史上取得一大壮举的？", - "你好Human！芝加哥河在现代工程史上的一大壮举是在1900年建筑运河实现河水倒流的项目。这一工程解决了1885年大风暴时芝加哥河污水流入密西根湖的问题，保护了密西根湖的水源。通过该工程，河水通过南支流向内地流去，借助芝加哥环境卫生和航行运河与德斯普兰斯河相连接。这一成功的实施对环境保护和航运发展产生了重要影响，因此被视为现代工程史上的一大壮举。" + "芝加哥河在现代工程史上的一大壮举是在1900年建筑运河实现河水倒流的项目。这一工程解决了1885年大风暴时芝加哥河污水流入密西根湖的问题，保护了密西根湖的水源。通过该工程，河水通过南支流向内地流去，借助芝加哥环境卫生和航行运河与德斯普兰斯河相连接。这一成功的实施对环境保护和航运发展产生了重要影响，因此被视为现代工程史上的一大壮举。" ], [ "芝加哥河南、北两支流是如何汇合的？", @@ -475536,7 +475536,7 @@ "history": [ [ "干隆皇帝（清高宗）1711～1799年Qianlong emperor亦拼作Ch'ien-lung emperor本名弘历中国清朝的第四任皇帝。干隆是中国史上在位期间（1735～1796年）最长的皇帝。这段期间中国的疆界扩张至最大的限度，囊括蒙古、西藏、尼泊尔、台湾和部分的中亚。干隆赞助纂修儒家经典（参阅Five Classics），该套编集所使用的记述目录至今仍在使用。同时，他也下令删除或摧毁所有包含反满情绪的书籍。两千六百部书遭下令毁灭。干隆个人与在北京的耶稣会传教士，关系极为良好，但官方仍禁止罗马天主教传教。在其统治的前期，农业大幅成长，超越欧洲大多数区域。税负轻而教育普及，甚至农民也接受教育。之后，军事远征以及政府的腐败日渐恶化，对清朝造成恒久的伤害，埋下清朝在十九世纪衰弱的种子。亦请参阅Heshen、Kangxi emperor、Manchu。\n\n请问干隆皇帝是哪个朝代的皇帝？", - "你好，Human。干隆皇帝是清朝的第四任皇帝。清朝是中国历史上的一个朝代，在公元1644年至1911年这段时间里存在。" + "干隆皇帝是清朝的第四任皇帝。清朝是中国历史上的一个朝代，在公元1644年至1911年这段时间里存在。" ], [ "能详细介绍一下干隆皇帝的在位时期以及他所取得的成就吗？", @@ -475670,7 +475670,7 @@ "history": [ [ "坎布里亚Cumbria英格兰西北部行政郡。1974年设立，范围从莫克姆湾（Morecambe Bay）沿爱尔兰海岸延伸至索尔韦湾（Solway Firth），行政中心在卡莱尔（Carlisle）市。境内有着名的湖区风景区。早在新石器时代就有人类居住，罗马人曾在此修建道路、要塞和哈德良长城。10世纪中叶以后，坎布里亚北部在苏格兰人和英格兰人之间几度易手，直到1157年归属于英格兰。该地区自12世纪起即开采铅、银、铁矿。面积6,810平方公里。人口约492,900（1998）。\n\n我听说坎布里亚是英格兰的一个很美丽的地方，请问它有什么著名的风景区呢？", - "你好Human！根据你提供的信息，坎布里亚确实是英格兰西北部的一个美丽的行政郡。其中最著名的风景区是湖区风景区。湖区因其独特的湖泊群、山脉和壮观的自然景观而闻名。游客可以在这里欣赏到壮观的自然美景，进行徒步旅行、游船观光等各种户外活动。" + "根据你提供的信息，坎布里亚确实是英格兰西北部的一个美丽的行政郡。其中最著名的风景区是湖区风景区。湖区因其独特的湖泊群、山脉和壮观的自然景观而闻名。游客可以在这里欣赏到壮观的自然美景，进行徒步旅行、游船观光等各种户外活动。" ], [ "原来如此，那么坎布里亚的历史可以追溯到什么时代？它在历史上有什么重要的事件吗？", @@ -475868,7 +475868,7 @@ "history": [ [ "勒萨日1912～1980年Lesage, Jean加拿大政治人物。1953～1957年任加拿大资源和发展部长。1958年成为魁北克自由党的领袖；在1960年的省选举中获胜，成为总理。他号召社会和文化改革，任命第一位教育部长，并使学校系统和市政服务现代化。他与法国发展紧密的文化联系。1966年自由党被击败，他任反对党领袖直到1970年。\n\n请问Jean Lesage是谁？", - "你好，Human。Jean Lesage（1912-1980年）是一位加拿大政治人物。他曾于1953至1957年担任加拿大资源和发展部长。后来，在1958年，他成为魁北克自由党的领袖，最终在1960年的省选举中获胜，成为魁北克省的总理。他倡导社会和文化改革，在任内实施了一系列现代化举措。" + "Jean Lesage（1912-1980年）是一位加拿大政治人物。他曾于1953至1957年担任加拿大资源和发展部长。后来，在1958年，他成为魁北克自由党的领袖，最终在1960年的省选举中获胜，成为魁北克省的总理。他倡导社会和文化改革，在任内实施了一系列现代化举措。" ], [ "作为魁北克的总理，Jean Lesage都推行了哪些改革？", @@ -476287,7 +476287,7 @@ "history": [ [ "小岩城Little Rock美国阿肯色州首府，位于阿肯色河畔。1722年法国探险家拉阿尔普为此地命名为罗奇，因为在河边发现了这种岩石。1821年成为阿肯色州的首府。美国南北战争开始时，它坚决反对联盟；1863年联邦军队占领了这个城市。它成为农业地区的贸易中心，也是铁路和河运的枢纽。1957年州政府干预中央中学的种族隔离问题，联邦军介入。小岩城是阿肯色州最大的城市，有许多高等教育的机构，包括小岩城的阿肯色大学（1927）。人口约176,000（1996）。\n\n你好，请问小岩城是美国的哪个州的首府？", - "你好，Human。小岩城（Little Rock）是美国阿肯色州的首府。它位于阿肯色河畔，是阿肯色州最大的城市。" + "小岩城（Little Rock）是美国阿肯色州的首府。它位于阿肯色河畔，是阿肯色州最大的城市。" ], [ "谢谢，那么这个地名是如何得来的呢？", @@ -476588,7 +476588,7 @@ "history": [ [ "摩奴法典Manu-smrti正式名称为Manava-dharma-shastra最具权威性的印度教法典。据传出自人类始祖及立法者摩奴手笔。今本成书于西元前1世纪，内容包括印度教法（dharma）的各项规定，以及各社会阶层与不同生命阶段应遵循的礼法。使得宗教法和世俗法无明显区别，论述天体演化学、圣事和其他宗教话题，以及婚配、待客、食物禁忌、妇道、历代国王之法。\n\n请问摩奴法典是什么？", - "你好，Human！摩奴法典，正式名称为Manava-dharma-shastra，是印度教中最具权威性的法典之一。据传它出自人类始祖及立法者摩奴的手笔。成书于公元前1世纪，内容包括印度教法（dharma）的各项规定，以及各社会阶层与不同生命阶段应遵循的礼法。因此，宗教法和世俗法在摩奴法典中无明显区别。它论述了天体演化学、圣事和其他宗教话题，以及婚配、待客、食物禁忌、妇道、历代国王之法。" + "摩奴法典，正式名称为Manava-dharma-shastra，是印度教中最具权威性的法典之一。据传它出自人类始祖及立法者摩奴的手笔。成书于公元前1世纪，内容包括印度教法（dharma）的各项规定，以及各社会阶层与不同生命阶段应遵循的礼法。因此，宗教法和世俗法在摩奴法典中无明显区别。它论述了天体演化学、圣事和其他宗教话题，以及婚配、待客、食物禁忌、妇道、历代国王之法。" ], [ "摩奴法典中如何规定社会阶层？", @@ -476670,7 +476670,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尿酸uric acid一种嘌呤类化合物。进行消化时蛋白质降解所产生的氮主要以尿酸的形式排泄。人类也能排出少量尿酸（约每天07克），由核蛋白的组分嘌呤降解所产生。痛风患者血中尿酸量增高。尿酸工业用途是有机合成。\n\n请问尿酸是什么？", - "你好，Human。尿酸(Uric Acid)是一种嘌呤类化合物，在消化过程中，蛋白质降解所产生的氮主要以尿酸的形式排泄。人体也能排出少量的尿酸，约每天0.7克，主要是由核蛋白的组分嘌呤降解所产生。" + "尿酸(Uric Acid)是一种嘌呤类化合物，在消化过程中，蛋白质降解所产生的氮主要以尿酸的形式排泄。人体也能排出少量的尿酸，约每天0.7克，主要是由核蛋白的组分嘌呤降解所产生。" ], [ "感谢解答！尿酸水平高了会有什么后果呢？", @@ -477021,7 +477021,7 @@ "history": [ [ "连拱廊arcade在建筑中指由柱或墩支承的一系列连续的拱，或指连续的拱与后墙之间的过道，也指通往一排商店的带顶走道。连拱支承上部的墙、屋顶或檐部时，由于每个拱与相邻拱之间的相对的横向推力，因而能承受很大的荷载并可延伸很长。亦请参阅colonnade。\n\n你好，请问连拱廊arcade在建筑中是什么意思？", - "你好，Human！连拱廊（arcade）在建筑中是指由柱子或墩支承的一系列连续的拱，这些拱构成了一个装饰性和结构性的元素。它还可以指连续的拱与后墙之间的过道，以及通往一排商店的带顶走道。由于每个拱与相邻拱之间的相对的横向推力，连拱廊能承受很大的荷载并可延伸很长。希望这能帮助你理解连拱廊在建筑中的含义。" + "连拱廊（arcade）在建筑中是指由柱子或墩支承的一系列连续的拱，这些拱构成了一个装饰性和结构性的元素。它还可以指连续的拱与后墙之间的过道，以及通往一排商店的带顶走道。由于每个拱与相邻拱之间的相对的横向推力，连拱廊能承受很大的荷载并可延伸很长。希望这能帮助你理解连拱廊在建筑中的含义。" ], [ "了解了，谢谢你！那么，连拱廊与大廊（colonnade）有什么区别呢？", @@ -477651,7 +477651,7 @@ "history": [ [ "豚鼠guinea pig一种驯养的啮齿目豚鼠科动物，学名为Cavia porcellus。原产南美洲。体结实，长约25公分，腿短。耳小，无外尾。毛黑、棕黄、奶油色、白色或诸色相间。毛长各不相同。豚鼠主要以青草和其他绿色植物为食。在印加时代以前即已驯化，16世纪初期，便引进欧洲。为受人喜爱的玩赏动物和有价值的实验动物。\n\n我想了解一下豚鼠的基本信息，它们是哪里的原产地？", - "你好Human！豚鼠的学名是Cavia porcellus，它们原产于南美洲。豚鼠是一种可爱的啮齿动物，被人们喜爱并广泛驯养。如果你对豚鼠有更多问题，请随时告诉我！" + "豚鼠的学名是Cavia porcellus，它们原产于南美洲。豚鼠是一种可爱的啮齿动物，被人们喜爱并广泛驯养。如果你对豚鼠有更多问题，请随时告诉我！" ], [ "豚鼠的外观特征有哪些？毛色有什么差异？", @@ -478364,7 +478364,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瑞士银行公司Swiss Bank Corp主要的瑞士银行。1872年成立，原名巴塞尔银行协会，专营投资银行业务。1895年与苏黎世银行协会合并，成为一家商业银行，改名为巴塞尔－苏黎世银行协会。1897年兼并其他两家银行，改名为瑞士银行公司。1998年与瑞士联合银行合并，组成瑞士银行集团（UBS）。\n\n你好，我想了解一下瑞士银行公司Swiss Bank Corp的历史发展，你能介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。瑞士银行公司Swiss Bank Corp是一家主要的瑞士银行。它成立于1872年，最初名为巴塞尔银行协会，专业从事投资银行业务。后来在1895年，巴塞尔银行协会与苏黎世银行协会合并，从而变成了一家商业银行，并改名为巴塞尔－苏黎世银行协会。接着在1897年，它又兼并了其他两家银行，正式更名为瑞士银行公司。最后在1998年，瑞士银行公司与瑞士联合银行合并，组成了瑞士银行集团（UBS）。" + "当然可以。瑞士银行公司Swiss Bank Corp是一家主要的瑞士银行。它成立于1872年，最初名为巴塞尔银行协会，专业从事投资银行业务。后来在1895年，巴塞尔银行协会与苏黎世银行协会合并，从而变成了一家商业银行，并改名为巴塞尔－苏黎世银行协会。接着在1897年，它又兼并了其他两家银行，正式更名为瑞士银行公司。最后在1998年，瑞士银行公司与瑞士联合银行合并，组成了瑞士银行集团（UBS）。" ], [ "瑞士银行公司在兼并其他银行后，有哪些核心业务呢？", @@ -478482,7 +478482,7 @@ "history": [ [ "梅兰希顿1497～1560年Melanchthon, Philipp原名Philipp Schwartzerd德国新教改革家。他在德国受教育时受到人文主义学术的极大影响。1518年任威登堡大学希腊文教授。他是马丁路德的朋友和捍卫者，曾撰写《教义要点》（1521）和「奥格斯堡信纲」（1530），前者第一次有系统地介绍了宗教改革运动的原则，后者则介绍了新教的教义。他还改革了德国的教育体系，创建或革新了几所大学。晚年时自愿在神学问题上和天主教妥协，结果引发了争议。\n\n根据上面的信息，梅兰希顿是谁，他在德国宗教改革运动中扮演了什么样的角色？", - "你好，Human。梅兰希顿（Philipp Melanchthon，原名Philipp Schwartzerd，1497～1560年）是德国新教改革家，他在德国宗教改革运动中发挥了重要的作用。作为马丁·路德的朋友和捍卫者，梅兰希顿参与了新教教义的理论体系的建立。他撰写了《教义要点》（1521年）和「奥格斯堡信纲」（1530年），分别系统地介绍了宗教改革运动的原则和新教的教义。此外，梅兰希顿还对德国的教育体系进行了改革，并创建或革新了几所大学。不过，晚年时他自愿在神学问题上和天主教达成妥协，因此引发了一些争议。" + "梅兰希顿（Philipp Melanchthon，原名Philipp Schwartzerd，1497～1560年）是德国新教改革家，他在德国宗教改革运动中发挥了重要的作用。作为马丁·路德的朋友和捍卫者，梅兰希顿参与了新教教义的理论体系的建立。他撰写了《教义要点》（1521年）和「奥格斯堡信纲」（1530年），分别系统地介绍了宗教改革运动的原则和新教的教义。此外，梅兰希顿还对德国的教育体系进行了改革，并创建或革新了几所大学。不过，晚年时他自愿在神学问题上和天主教达成妥协，因此引发了一些争议。" ], [ "梅兰希顿为什么被称为马丁·路德的朋友和捍卫者？", @@ -478634,7 +478634,7 @@ "history": [ [ "风箱bellows产生空气射流的机械装置，通常是一个带挠性侧壁的铰接箱体，胀开时通过向内开启的阀吸入空气，压缩时通过排气嘴排出空气。中世纪在欧洲发明，铁匠或锻工在锻造时常用它来加速燃烧，或用于操作簧管乐器或管风琴。\n\n你好，请问你了解风箱（bellows）吗？", - "你好，Human。根据你提供的信息，风箱（bellows）是一种产生空气射流的机械装置。它通常是一个带挠性侧壁的铰接箱体，在胀开时通过向内开启的阀吸入空气，压缩时通过排气嘴排出空气。这种装置在中世纪时期的欧洲被发明出来，并广泛应用于铁匠或锻工在锻造时为了加速燃烧，以及在操作簧管乐器或管风琴等场合。" + "根据你提供的信息，风箱（bellows）是一种产生空气射流的机械装置。它通常是一个带挠性侧壁的铰接箱体，在胀开时通过向内开启的阀吸入空气，压缩时通过排气嘴排出空气。这种装置在中世纪时期的欧洲被发明出来，并广泛应用于铁匠或锻工在锻造时为了加速燃烧，以及在操作簧管乐器或管风琴等场合。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答，请问风箱在铁匠工作中是如何帮助加速燃烧的？", @@ -478920,7 +478920,7 @@ "history": [ [ "辛巴威Zimbabwe正式名称辛巴威共和国（Republic of Zimbabwe）旧称罗得西亚（Rhodesia）非洲中南部内陆国。面积390,759平方公里。人口约11,365,000（2001）。首都︰哈拉雷。绍纳人约占总人口的70%，恩德贝勒人约占16%，白人约占2%。语言︰英语（官方语），但绍纳人和恩德贝勒人讲班图语的人较多。宗教：基督教、原住民信仰和伊斯兰教。货币︰辛巴威元（Z）。辛巴威的主要地形特征是从西南到东北贯穿全境的广阔的山脊，中央部分海拔1,200～1,500公尺。尚比西河形成辛巴威的西北部边界，还包括维多利亚瀑布。1959年在尚比西河上筑起一个大坝，形成卡里巴湖，面积约5,200平方公里，为世界最大人工湖之一。东南部有林波波河及萨比河。农产品、饲养牲畜及开采矿物在经济上占有重要地位。政府形式为共和国，一院制。国家元首暨政府首脑是总统。境内曾发现五十万年前石器时代的文化遗物。西元5～10世纪期间，首批操班图语的民族来到此区，将布西曼居民赶到沙漠地区。讲班图语者第二次迁移始于1830年左右。在此期间，英国和阿非利堪人从南部迁来该地。1889～1923年英国南非公司治理该区。1911～1964年称南罗得西亚。1923年成为自治的英国殖民地。1953年该殖民地联合尼亚萨兰（马拉威）和北罗得西亚（尚比亚）组成中非罗得西亚和尼亚萨兰联邦。1963年联邦解散，南罗得西亚恢复其以前的殖民地地位。1965年单方面宣布脱离英国独立，但英方不承认，因此而遭到经济制裁为报复。1970年宣称为共和国，自称罗得西亚（1964～1979）。1979年由占多数的党派执政，国名改为辛巴威罗得西亚。1980年英国同意其独立，再次更名为辛巴威。1990年建立多党制。近几年来，政府对在殖民时期遭受歧视的黑人提供赔偿的政策，使白人农民和黑人政府领导者之间的紧张关系日益升高。\n\n你好，请帮我了解一下辛巴威这个国家。", - "你好，Human。辛巴威位于非洲中南部，正式名称为辛巴威共和国，原名罗得西亚，是一个内陆国家。总面积为390,759平方公里，人口约为11,365,000（截至2001年）。首都为哈拉雷。主要民族包括占总人口约70%的绍纳人、约占16%的恩德贝勒人以及约占2%的白人。英语为官方语言，但绍纳人和恩德贝勒人讲的班图语更为常用。主要宗教为基督教、原住民信仰和伊斯兰教。辛巴威的货币为辛巴威元。" + "辛巴威位于非洲中南部，正式名称为辛巴威共和国，原名罗得西亚，是一个内陆国家。总面积为390,759平方公里，人口约为11,365,000（截至2001年）。首都为哈拉雷。主要民族包括占总人口约70%的绍纳人、约占16%的恩德贝勒人以及约占2%的白人。英语为官方语言，但绍纳人和恩德贝勒人讲的班图语更为常用。主要宗教为基督教、原住民信仰和伊斯兰教。辛巴威的货币为辛巴威元。" ], [ "辛巴威的主要地理特征和自然资源是什么？", @@ -479000,7 +479000,7 @@ "history": [ [ "萨里Surrey英格兰东南部行政郡和历史郡。位于伦敦西南。中世纪以牧羊为主，16世纪发展起布料贸易。其森林覆盖的山区是木炭、建筑和造船业木材的主要来源。早期产品主要依靠河流运输，1801年第一条公共铁路萨里钢铁路的开通进一步促进运输的发展，19世纪其北部发展成为世界上最密集的郊区铁路网。第二次世界大战后郊区依规画持续发展。人口约1,060,500（1998）。\n\n请问萨里（Surrey）在英格兰的具体位置是什么？", - "你好，Human！萨里位于英格兰东南部，紧邻伦敦的西南部。它是一个兼具行政和历史意义的郡。" + "萨里位于英格兰东南部，紧邻伦敦的西南部。它是一个兼具行政和历史意义的郡。" ], [ "能介绍一下萨里的历史发展情况吗？", @@ -479038,7 +479038,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马里乍河Maritsa River希腊语作埃夫罗斯河（évros）土耳其语作梅里奇河（Meri?）欧洲东南部河流。源于保加利亚索非亚的东南部，向东流并由东南方穿过保加利亚，形成保加利亚－希腊国界，然后经过希腊－土耳其边界。在埃迪尔内改变方向，向西南注入爱琴海。全长约480公里。\n\n请问马里乍河的源头在哪里？", - "你好，Human！马里乍河的源头位于保加利亚的首都索非亚的东南部。源于那里的水流向东，并由东南方穿过保加利亚境内。" + "马里乍河的源头位于保加利亚的首都索非亚的东南部。源于那里的水流向东，并由东南方穿过保加利亚境内。" ], [ "感谢你的回答。马里乍河还会流经哪些国家及地区？", @@ -479281,7 +479281,7 @@ "history": [ [ "文达人Venda操班图语，居住在南非东北角。现今的人数超过七十万以上。文达人为该地区处于欧洲人势力控制下的最后一个民族。农业占经济上的主导地位。饲养牛群逐渐重要。文达人酋长在传统上是土地的总管理人，地方首领则将土地分配给各组农户以进行耕作。\n\n请问文达人（Venda）究竟分布在南非的哪个地方？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，文达人居住在南非的东北角。这个地理位置使得文达人相对较远离南非其他民族，因此他们得以保留自己独特的文化和生活方式。" + "根据你提供的信息，文达人居住在南非的东北角。这个地理位置使得文达人相对较远离南非其他民族，因此他们得以保留自己独特的文化和生活方式。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。我想请问一下，文达人的主要经济来源是什么？", @@ -479654,7 +479654,7 @@ "history": [ [ "专家系统expert system模仿特定学科专家的知识和推理能力的高级电脑程序。编制专家系统的程序员努力重视一个或几个专家（人）的专门知识，建立一个可以被外行人用来解决困难问题或模棱两可问题的工具。专家系统与传统的电脑程序不同。传统程序的主要功能是数据处理、计算或情报检索，而专家系统是把事实与说明事实之间关系的规则结合起来，模仿人工智慧（artificial intelligence），实现初步的推理。现在专家系统的应用扩展到医学、人事审查和教育等领域。\n\n我最近了解了一些关于专家系统的知识。请问专家系统是怎样的一个电脑程序？", - "你好，Human！专家系统是一种高级电脑程序，它们模仿特定学科专家的知识和推理能力。编程人员从一个或多个专家（人）那里获取专门知识，然后创建一个工具，供非专家使用以解决难题或模棱两可的问题。与传统的电脑程序主要处理数据、计算和信息检索不同，专家系统通过结合事实和解释事实之间关系的规则来模拟人工智能，并实现初步的推理。现在专家系统已经应用于医学、人事审查和教育等领域。" + "专家系统是一种高级电脑程序，它们模仿特定学科专家的知识和推理能力。编程人员从一个或多个专家（人）那里获取专门知识，然后创建一个工具，供非专家使用以解决难题或模棱两可的问题。与传统的电脑程序主要处理数据、计算和信息检索不同，专家系统通过结合事实和解释事实之间关系的规则来模拟人工智能，并实现初步的推理。现在专家系统已经应用于医学、人事审查和教育等领域。" ], [ "明白了。那么，专家系统是如何模仿特定学科专家的知识和推理能力的呢？", @@ -480461,7 +480461,7 @@ "history": [ [ "碘iodine非金属化学元素，化学符号I，原子序数53。是最重的非放射性卤素，为几近黑色的晶体（双原子分子I2），昇华后为深紫色刺激性的蒸气，在自然界从不以元素状态存在。其来源（大部分在海水和海草中）和化合物通常都是碘化物，也有碘盐（硝石中含有少量）和高碘酸盐。食用碘对甲状腺功能很重要，所以食盐中通常都加有碘化钾（化学式KI），以防止碘缺乏。元素碘用于医药、合成有机化学物、制造染料，以及在分析化学（参阅analysis）中测量脂肪饱和（参阅hydrogenation）和检测淀粉，还用于摄影术。放射性同位素碘－131的半衰期为8天，在医学（参阅nuclear medicine、thyroid function test）和其他应用中都很有用。\n\n你好，请问碘是什么呢？", - "你好，Human！碘是一种非金属化学元素，化学符号为I，原子序数为53。它是卤素族中最重的非放射性元素。碘通常以几近黑色的晶体形式（双原子分子I2）存在，昇华后为深紫色刺激性的蒸气。在自然界中，它不会以元素状态存在，而通常存在于海水、海草中的化合物，如碘化物、碘盐和高碘酸盐。" + "碘是一种非金属化学元素，化学符号为I，原子序数为53。它是卤素族中最重的非放射性元素。碘通常以几近黑色的晶体形式（双原子分子I2）存在，昇华后为深紫色刺激性的蒸气。在自然界中，它不会以元素状态存在，而通常存在于海水、海草中的化合物，如碘化物、碘盐和高碘酸盐。" ], [ "刚才说碘对甲状腺功能很重要，那么为什么我们需要添加碘化钾到食盐里呢？", @@ -480480,7 +480480,7 @@ "history": [ [ "诉讼时效法规limitations, statute of指规定当事人在引起诉因的事件发生后可以提起诉讼的期限的法规。制定此种法规的目的在于保护当事人不致于在证据消失、记忆衰退或证人死亡的情况下受到追诉。不同司法制度下对时限的规定差异很大。\n\n你好，请问诉讼时效是什么意思？", - "你好，Human。诉讼时效是指法律规定当事人在引起诉因的事件发生后可以提起诉讼的期限。这种法规的制定主要是为了保护当事人不致于在证据消失、记忆衰退或证人死亡的情况下受到追诉。诉讼时效的具体规定因不同司法制度而有所差异。" + "诉讼时效是指法律规定当事人在引起诉因的事件发生后可以提起诉讼的期限。这种法规的制定主要是为了保护当事人不致于在证据消失、记忆衰退或证人死亡的情况下受到追诉。诉讼时效的具体规定因不同司法制度而有所差异。" ], [ "这种法规为什么对保护当事人有好处？", @@ -481219,7 +481219,7 @@ "history": [ [ "概括法则模式covering law model一种解释的模式，藉着引用需要预定诉诸法则或一般命题的另一事件来说明某一事件，这些法则或命题使欲解释的事件类型与被指为起因或条件的事件类型发生关系。该理论源于休姆的学说：当两个事件被指为偶尔相关时，其中所有含意为它们具体说明了接续的特定规律，这在过去一再被遵守，以维系这些事件。这个学说被逻辑实证论者亨佩尔（C Hempel）赋予更多有力的说法。\n\n请简要介绍一下什么是covering law model（概括法则模式）？", - "你好Human，概括法则模式是一种解释事件的模型。它通过引用需要预定诉诸法则或一般命题的另一事件来解释某一事件。这些法则或命题是起因或条件，使欲解释的事件类型与其他事件类型发生关系。这种理论起源于休姆的学说，逻辑实证主义者亨佩尔对其进行了进一步的发展和阐述。" + "概括法则模式是一种解释事件的模型。它通过引用需要预定诉诸法则或一般命题的另一事件来解释某一事件。这些法则或命题是起因或条件，使欲解释的事件类型与其他事件类型发生关系。这种理论起源于休姆的学说，逻辑实证主义者亨佩尔对其进行了进一步的发展和阐述。" ], [ "请告诉我休姆的学说是什么？", @@ -482155,7 +482155,7 @@ "history": [ [ "铱iridium金属化学元素，为过渡元素的一种，化学符号Ir，原子序数77。铱是一种非常稀有、珍贵、银白色、质地坚硬而易脆的金属，甚至能抗大部分的酸腐蚀，它还是地球上密度最大的物质之一。自然界中可能不存在纯铱，通常和其他贵金属共生于天然合金中（化学活性不活跃或迟钝）。纯金属铱由于太硬而不能作任何重大的用途；铂－铱合金用于制造珠宝、钢笔尖、外科手术针、枢轴、电气接触点和发火点，以及挤压模具。国际标准质量千克的原型就是由90%铂和10%铱的合金制成的。在岩石中发现有非比寻常高含量的铱，年代测定可追溯到白垩纪和第三纪，已引起一种争议性的假说：曾有一颗含铱的陨石撞击地球，导致灾难性的连锁事件，其中包括恐龙和许多其他的生命形式。\n\n你好，请问铱是一种怎样的化学元素？", - "你好，Human。铱是一种过渡元素，化学符号为Ir，原子序数为77。它是一种稀有、珍贵的金属，呈银白色，质地坚硬而又脆。铱具有很高的抗腐蚀性，能抵抗大部分的酸。同时，铱是地球上密度最大的物质之一。自然界中很难找到纯铱，通常与其他贵金属共生于天然合金中，因为它的化学活性不活跃或迟钝。" + "铱是一种过渡元素，化学符号为Ir，原子序数为77。它是一种稀有、珍贵的金属，呈银白色，质地坚硬而又脆。铱具有很高的抗腐蚀性，能抵抗大部分的酸。同时，铱是地球上密度最大的物质之一。自然界中很难找到纯铱，通常与其他贵金属共生于天然合金中，因为它的化学活性不活跃或迟钝。" ], [ "那么纯金属铱有什么用途？", @@ -482197,7 +482197,7 @@ "history": [ [ "加拿大地盾Canadian Shield地质学上世界最大的大陆盾之一，其中心在哈得逊湾，范围有八百万平方公里，从五大湖区伸展到加拿大极地区，遍布加拿大东部、中部和西北部，并进入格陵兰，还有小量突出部分进入美国的明尼苏达、威斯康辛、密西根及纽约州。加拿大地盾构成地球表面上最大的一片露出的先寒武纪岩石。该地盾区大体上全部由古老结晶质岩石组成，其构造之复杂证明其隆起和沈降、造山作用以及侵蚀作用的历史之悠久。\n\n你好，请告诉我关于加拿大地盾（Canadian Shield）的基本信息。", - "你好，Human。加拿大地盾是地质学上世界最大的大陆盾之一，其中心位于哈得逊湾。它的面积达到八百万平方公里，范围横跨加拿大东部、中部和西北部以及部分美国地区。加拿大地盾主要由古老结晶质岩石组成，证明了它地理形成过程的复杂性和悠久历史。这些岩石代表了地球上最大的一片露出的先寒武纪岩石。" + "加拿大地盾是地质学上世界最大的大陆盾之一，其中心位于哈得逊湾。它的面积达到八百万平方公里，范围横跨加拿大东部、中部和西北部以及部分美国地区。加拿大地盾主要由古老结晶质岩石组成，证明了它地理形成过程的复杂性和悠久历史。这些岩石代表了地球上最大的一片露出的先寒武纪岩石。" ], [ "这个地盾是如何影响加拿大的地理环境的？", @@ -482258,7 +482258,7 @@ "history": [ [ "玻色－爱因斯坦统计法Bose-Einstein statistics不可分辨粒子的集合在可取分立能态的系集中可能有的两种分布方法之一（另一种方法是费米－狄拉克统计法）。同态粒子的集聚是遵从玻色－爱因斯坦统计的粒子的特性，雷射的内聚冲流和超流氦（参阅superfluidity）的无摩擦蠕动，就是靠粒子这种特性。这种性状的理论是在1924～1925年由爱因斯坦与印度物理学家玻色（Satyendra Nath Bose, 1894～1974）提出。玻色－爱因斯坦统计只适用于不遵从鲍立不相容原理的粒子，即玻色子。\n\n你好，请问玻色-爱因斯坦统计是什么？", - "你好，Human！玻色-爱因斯坦统计是一种描述不可分辨粒子的集合在离散能态系统中分布的方法。这种方法主要应用于那些不受鲍里不相容原理约束的粒子，即玻色子。它与另一种统计方法——费米-狄拉克统计法，有着本质的区别。玻色-爱因斯坦统计的理论由爱因斯坦与印度物理学家玻色于1924-1925年提出。" + "玻色-爱因斯坦统计是一种描述不可分辨粒子的集合在离散能态系统中分布的方法。这种方法主要应用于那些不受鲍里不相容原理约束的粒子，即玻色子。它与另一种统计方法——费米-狄拉克统计法，有着本质的区别。玻色-爱因斯坦统计的理论由爱因斯坦与印度物理学家玻色于1924-1925年提出。" ], [ "那么玻色子具有什么特性呢？", @@ -483098,7 +483098,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尤德尔1505?～1556年Udall, Nicholas英国剧作家、翻译家、教师。1534年任伊顿公学校长，1555年任威斯特敏斯特的学校校长。尤德尔以剧作家和翻译家名闻遐迩，为英国已知第一部喜剧《拉尔夫罗伊斯特多伊斯特》的作者。\n\n我看到一段关于英国剧作家尤德尔（Udall, Nicholas）的信息，想请教你一些问题。", - "您好，Human。关于尤德尔的问题我会尽力帮助您解答，请问您想了解哪方面的内容？" + "关于尤德尔的问题我会尽力帮助您解答，请问您想了解哪方面的内容？" ] ] }, @@ -483242,7 +483242,7 @@ "history": [ [ "雨果1802～1885年Hugo, Victor(-Marie)法国诗人、剧作家和小说家。将军之子，二十岁以前已是娴熟的诗人。诗剧《克伦威尔》（1827）使他成为浪漫主义的重要人物。诗歌悲剧《候拿尼》（1930）的上演，是浪漫派对传统古典派的一次着名的胜利。后来的剧本包括《逍遥王》（1932）和《吕伊布拉斯》（1938）。最着名的小说有：《钟楼怪人》（1831），描述中世纪生活；《悲惨世界》（1862），关于罪犯尚万强（Jean Valjean）的故事。这两本书受到极大欢迎，使他成为世界上最成功的作家。晚年为政治人物和政治作家，因持共和观点，而在1851～1870年流亡在外。这段时间创作了范围最广泛，也最具原创性的作品，包括政治讽刺诗集《惩罚集》（1853）、《沈思录》（1856）、《街道与林木之歌》（1865）和《历代传说》（1859,1877,1883）。1876年任参议员。死后以民族英雄葬于先贤祠。\n\n你好，请问雨果是什么时期的作家？", - "你好，Human。雨果（Victor Hugo）是19世纪的法国作家，他出生于1802年，并于1885年去世。他是浪漫主义时期的一位重要诗人、剧作家和小说家。他在文学创作方面有着极高的成就，所以他的作品至今仍然广受欢迎。" + "雨果（Victor Hugo）是19世纪的法国作家，他出生于1802年，并于1885年去世。他是浪漫主义时期的一位重要诗人、剧作家和小说家。他在文学创作方面有着极高的成就，所以他的作品至今仍然广受欢迎。" ], [ "雨果的《克伦威尔》这部诗剧有什么特殊意义？", @@ -483406,7 +483406,7 @@ "history": [ [ "含羞草sensitive plant豆科中两种植物的统称，受触碰后，其叶即闭合并下垂。这种通常快速的反应是由于叶柄基部特化的细胞迅速释放水分所致。较常见的植物是Mimosa pudica（参阅mimosa），是一种带刺的小灌木，叶形似蕨叶，花形小，球形，紫红色。植株高约30公分，是一种分布广泛的热带野生植物，亦作为珍奇植物栽种于温室。野含羞草（Cassia nictitans）对触碰的灵敏度较低；植株较大，高50公分，原产于美国东部和西印度群岛。\n\n请问含羞草是什么样的植物？", - "你好，Human！含羞草是豆科中两种植物的统称，它们有一个特点，那就是受到触碰后，叶子会迅速闭合并下垂。这种快速的反应是由于叶柄基部特化的细胞迅速释放水分所致。较常见的植物是Mimosa pudica，它是一种带刺的小灌木，叶形似蕨叶，花形小，球形，紫红色。植株高约30公分，分布广泛的热带野生植物，并作为珍奇植物栽种于温室。另一种是野含羞草（Cassia nictitans），它对触碰的灵敏度较低，植株较大，高50公分，原产于美国东部和西印度群岛。" + "含羞草是豆科中两种植物的统称，它们有一个特点，那就是受到触碰后，叶子会迅速闭合并下垂。这种快速的反应是由于叶柄基部特化的细胞迅速释放水分所致。较常见的植物是Mimosa pudica，它是一种带刺的小灌木，叶形似蕨叶，花形小，球形，紫红色。植株高约30公分，分布广泛的热带野生植物，并作为珍奇植物栽种于温室。另一种是野含羞草（Cassia nictitans），它对触碰的灵敏度较低，植株较大，高50公分，原产于美国东部和西印度群岛。" ], [ "含羞草为什么会有这种触碰后闭合叶子的现象？", @@ -483843,7 +483843,7 @@ "history": [ [ "贤人会议witan亦称谘议会（witenagemot）。英格兰盎格鲁－撒克逊时代国王的谘议机构，出席的人是大贵族和主教。主要职责是对国王垂询的问题提供意见。它确认国王向教会或俗人授予的土地，赞同国王颁行新法律或辅佐国王处理叛逆和有不忠嫌疑的分子。其组成和开会时间由国王决定。\n\n你好，我对贤人会议witan有些疑问，希望你能帮我解答。", - "你好，Human！很高兴能在这个问题上为你提供帮助。请问你具体想了解哪方面的内容呢？" + "很高兴能在这个问题上为你提供帮助。请问你具体想了解哪方面的内容呢？" ], [ "能简单介绍一下贤人会议witan的职责和功能吗？", @@ -484148,7 +484148,7 @@ "history": [ [ "拉得诺1885～1933年Lardner, Ring(gold Wilmer)美国作家。曾任报纸记者、体育撰稿人和专栏作家，后来开始发表小说。拉得诺写了一个有关棒球选手的滑稽故事，受到广泛的欢迎，其中一些故事收集在《艾尔，你瞭解我》（1916）中。后来的小说集都以尖刻的讽刺、叙述的技巧和善用口语着称，包括《怎样写短篇小说》（1924）和《爱巢》（1926）。他与人合写了百老汇剧本《伟大的埃尔默》（1928，与科汉合写）和《六月的月亮》（1929，与考夫曼合写）。他的儿子小拉得诺是电影编剧，为「好莱坞十人」之一，后来写了像《外科医生》（1970）这类风行一时的电影。\n\n请问以下背景描述的人物是谁？", - "你好，Human！这段描述的人物是Lardner，全名Ringgold Wilmer Lardner，他是一位美国作家，活跃在1885到1933年之间。在此期间，他曾担任过报纸记者、体育撰稿人和专栏作家，并发表了许多小说。他的小说以尖刻的讽刺、叙述技巧以及善于运用口语而著称。" + "这段描述的人物是Lardner，全名Ringgold Wilmer Lardner，他是一位美国作家，活跃在1885到1933年之间。在此期间，他曾担任过报纸记者、体育撰稿人和专栏作家，并发表了许多小说。他的小说以尖刻的讽刺、叙述技巧以及善于运用口语而著称。" ], [ "拉得诺有哪些著名的作品？", @@ -484750,7 +484750,7 @@ "history": [ [ "基恩1789～1833年Kean, Edmund英国演员。1805年起，他在一个巡回演出公司当演员。1814年由于在《威尼斯商人》一剧中创造性地成功扮演了夏洛克而受到伦敦的喝采。他继续在莎士比亚的其他剧中扮演反面角色，包括理查三世、埃古和马克白。他也擅长扮演奥赛罗和哈姆雷特，还有《马尔他的犹太人》里的巴拉巴。虽然人们赞赏他那些热情和激动人心的舞台形象，但由于他在台下的放纵行为，像酗酒和通奸行为而自杀（1825），故而并不受欢迎。他的儿子是一个演员经理，因复兴莎士比亚的戏剧而闻名。\n\n我想了解一下Edmund Kean的事迹，你能简单介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。Edmund Kean是一位英国演员，活跃于1789-1833年。他最初在一个巡演剧团中开始他的演员生涯。1814年，他因成功且富有创造性地在《威尼斯商人》中扮演夏洛克一角而在伦敦受到热烈喝彩。他还在莎士比亚的其他剧中扮演过反面角色，如理查三世、埃古和马克白等。他擅长演绎奥赛罗、哈姆雷特，以及《马尔他的犹太人》中的巴拉巴。尽管他在舞台上的表现受到赞誉，但他因个人私生活的放纵，如酗酒和通奸行为，并于1825年自杀，因此并不受到大众的欢迎。他的儿子则成为了一位著名的演员经纪人，因复兴莎士比亚戏剧而广受好评。" + "当然可以。Edmund Kean是一位英国演员，活跃于1789-1833年。他最初在一个巡演剧团中开始他的演员生涯。1814年，他因成功且富有创造性地在《威尼斯商人》中扮演夏洛克一角而在伦敦受到热烈喝彩。他还在莎士比亚的其他剧中扮演过反面角色，如理查三世、埃古和马克白等。他擅长演绎奥赛罗、哈姆雷特，以及《马尔他的犹太人》中的巴拉巴。尽管他在舞台上的表现受到赞誉，但他因个人私生活的放纵，如酗酒和通奸行为，并于1825年自杀，因此并不受到大众的欢迎。他的儿子则成为了一位著名的演员经纪人，因复兴莎士比亚戏剧而广受好评。" ], [ "谢谢你的介绍！Edmund Kean在《威尼斯商人》中扮演夏洛克这个角色的表现有哪些特点？", @@ -484861,7 +484861,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大吉尼奥尔Grand Guignol一种着重表现暴力、恐怖和性变态的短剧。20世纪时流行于巴黎的卡巴莱（cabaret），因其骇人听闻的故事情节多与当时着名的吉尼奥尔木偶戏相似而得名。1897～1962年主要在大吉尼奥尔剧院演出，1908年传入英国，但仍主要是一种巴黎戏剧形式。\n\n请问大吉尼奥尔Grand Guignol是什么？", - "你好，Human！大吉尼奥尔Grand Guignol是一种源自法国巴黎的短剧表演形式，主要在20世纪初期流行。这种短剧以表现暴力、恐怖和性变态内容为主，因此吸引了大量观众的关注。它起初流行于巴黎的卡巴莱（cabaret），并在1897-1962年间主要在大吉尼奥尔剧院演出。1908年，大吉尼奥尔短剧传入英国。" + "大吉尼奥尔Grand Guignol是一种源自法国巴黎的短剧表演形式，主要在20世纪初期流行。这种短剧以表现暴力、恐怖和性变态内容为主，因此吸引了大量观众的关注。它起初流行于巴黎的卡巴莱（cabaret），并在1897-1962年间主要在大吉尼奥尔剧院演出。1908年，大吉尼奥尔短剧传入英国。" ], [ "大吉尼奥尔短剧与吉尼奥尔木偶戏有什么关系？", @@ -484880,7 +484880,7 @@ "history": [ [ "火山学volcanology亦作vulcanology涉及火山现象各方面的学科。研究火山的形成、分布和分类；也研究火山构造和各种喷出物（例如熔岩、尘土、火山灰和气体）；还研究火山喷发与其他大规模地质过程如造山作用以及地震活动的关系等。研究的主要目的之一是确定火山喷发的性质和原因，进而提出预报。火山学的另一实用价值是，有助于寻找有工业价值的矿床，特别是某些金属硫化物矿床资料数据。\n\n请问火山学研究的主要内容是什么？", - "你好，Human。火山学主要研究火山现象的各个方面，包括火山的形成、分布和分类，火山构造以及喷出物（如熔岩、尘土、火山灰和气体），以及火山喷发与其他大规模地质过程如造山作用和地震活动的关系。通过研究这些内容，火山学家可以确定火山喷发的性质和原因，提出预报，并有助于寻找有工业价值的矿床，特别是某些金属硫化物矿床。" + "火山学主要研究火山现象的各个方面，包括火山的形成、分布和分类，火山构造以及喷出物（如熔岩、尘土、火山灰和气体），以及火山喷发与其他大规模地质过程如造山作用和地震活动的关系。通过研究这些内容，火山学家可以确定火山喷发的性质和原因，提出预报，并有助于寻找有工业价值的矿床，特别是某些金属硫化物矿床。" ], [ "请问火山学的研究成果如何应用于预测火山喷发？", @@ -484899,7 +484899,7 @@ "history": [ [ "范德林1775～1852年Vanderlyn, John美国画家。年轻时曾临摹斯图尔特的画。后进入巴黎美术学院学习。他的新古典主义风格在当地深受欢迎（包括《睡卧在纳克索斯岛上的阿里阿德涅》〔1812〕）。四十岁时回美国，没接到他所希望的联邦政府的委托。1832年受美国政府委托，画乔治华盛顿全身像。十年后又接受委托，画《哥伦布登陆》。\n\n你好，能简单介绍一下约翰·范德林（John Vanderlyn）是谁吗？", - "你好，Human。约翰·范德林（John Vanderlyn，1775年－1852年）是一位美国画家。他年轻时曾临摹斯图尔特的画作学习，后来进入巴黎美术学院深造。他的新古典主义风格深受人们喜爱，如《睡卧在纳克索斯岛上的阿里阿德涅》（1812年）。虽然他回到美国后，并未得到期望中的联邦政府委托，但他仍然得到了一些重要的绘画任务，如1832年受美国政府委托创作乔治·华盛顿全身像，以及十年后绘制的《哥伦布登陆》。" + "约翰·范德林（John Vanderlyn，1775年－1852年）是一位美国画家。他年轻时曾临摹斯图尔特的画作学习，后来进入巴黎美术学院深造。他的新古典主义风格深受人们喜爱，如《睡卧在纳克索斯岛上的阿里阿德涅》（1812年）。虽然他回到美国后，并未得到期望中的联邦政府委托，但他仍然得到了一些重要的绘画任务，如1832年受美国政府委托创作乔治·华盛顿全身像，以及十年后绘制的《哥伦布登陆》。" ], [ "范德林主要的绘画风格是什么？", @@ -484918,7 +484918,7 @@ "history": [ [ "腓特烈威廉四世1795～1861年Frederick William IV德语作Friedrich Wilhelm普鲁士国王（1840～1861年在位）。腓特烈威廉三世之子。他始终是德意志浪漫主义运动的一个门徒，对艺术很感兴趣。其保守政策触发了1848年革命。1849年他拒绝法兰克福国民议会拥护他就帝位。他欲建立在普鲁士领导下的德意志同盟国，但遭到奥国反对（参阅Olmutz, Punctation of）。1857年因患中风致残。1858年由其弟威廉一世任摄政。\n\n你好，请问腓特烈威廉四世是谁？", - "你好，Human。腓特烈威廉四世（1795-1861年，德语名为Friedrich Wilhelm IV）是普鲁士国王，他在1840年至1861年期间在位。他是腓特烈威廉三世之子，热衷于艺术，喜欢德意志浪漫主义运动。他的保守政策最终导致了1848年的革命。希望这个回答能帮助你了解他的基本情况。" + "腓特烈威廉四世（1795-1861年，德语名为Friedrich Wilhelm IV）是普鲁士国王，他在1840年至1861年期间在位。他是腓特烈威廉三世之子，热衷于艺术，喜欢德意志浪漫主义运动。他的保守政策最终导致了1848年的革命。希望这个回答能帮助你了解他的基本情况。" ], [ "1848年革命是什么原因引发的？", @@ -485017,7 +485017,7 @@ "history": [ [ "江户时代1603～1867年Edo period日本历史上的文化期，相当于德川幕府（Tokugawa shogunate）统治的政治时期（参阅Tokugawa shogunate）。江户（Edo，今东京）被德川家康（Tokugawa Ieyasu）选定为日本的新都，进而成为当时最大的城市之一，也是城市文化兴盛的地点。在文学方面，江户时代见证了松尾芭蕉手中俳句（haiku）的发展，还有匠心独具的喜剧式连环诗作及井原西鹤（Ihara Saikaku）的幽默小说。在戏剧方面，歌舞伎（kabuki，由演员现场演出）和文乐（bunraku，由人偶演出）为镇民提供了娱乐（被禁止看戏的侍常乔装赴会）。多色彩印刷技术的发展，使平民能够取得受欢迎歌舞伎演员或鼓动风潮之廷臣的木刻板画（参阅ukiyo-e）。旅行见闻录（travelogue）颂扬了遥远省份一些地点的风景之美或历史趣味，而到远方朝拜或朝圣开始流行起来。在学术方面，国学（National Learning）让人们注意到日本大部分的古诗和年代最久远的书面历史。尽管日本与欧洲的交流极为有限，却发展出荷兰学（Dutch Learning，对欧洲及其科学的研究）。新儒学（Neo-Confucianism）也开始流行。亦请参阅Genroku period。\n\n你好，能给我简要介绍一下江户时代吗？", - "你好，Human！江户时代是日本历史上的一个文化时期，从1603年到1867年。它相当于德川幕府统治的时期。在这一时期，江户（今天的东京）被德川家康选为新都，逐渐成为当时最大的城市之一，并且是城市文化的中心。" + "江户时代是日本历史上的一个文化时期，从1603年到1867年。它相当于德川幕府统治的时期。在这一时期，江户（今天的东京）被德川家康选为新都，逐渐成为当时最大的城市之一，并且是城市文化的中心。" ], [ "这个时代的文学有什么特点？", @@ -485040,7 +485040,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伊楚利亚语Etruscan language义大利古代伊楚利亚人通用的语言。它与印欧语系有关联的说法并未被普遍接受，伊楚利亚语是一种封闭的语言。托斯卡尼地区西元前7世纪到西元1世纪的铭文，是了解伊楚利亚语的主要依据。伊楚利亚语使用的文字也许源于某种希腊字母（Greek alphabet）。\n\n你好，请问你对伊楚利亚语有了解吗？", - "你好，Human。当然了解，根据你提供的信息，伊楚利亚语是古代伊楚利亚人在意大利使用的一种语言。它尚未被普遍认为与印欧语系有关，被认为是一种封闭的语言。我们了解伊楚利亚语的主要依据是托斯卡纳地区公元前7世纪至公元1世纪的铭文，而伊楚利亚语所使用的文字可能源于某种希腊字母。" + "当然了解，根据你提供的信息，伊楚利亚语是古代伊楚利亚人在意大利使用的一种语言。它尚未被普遍认为与印欧语系有关，被认为是一种封闭的语言。我们了解伊楚利亚语的主要依据是托斯卡纳地区公元前7世纪至公元1世纪的铭文，而伊楚利亚语所使用的文字可能源于某种希腊字母。" ], [ "伊楚利亚语是否与现代意大利语有什么联系？", @@ -485059,7 +485059,7 @@ "history": [ [ "好望角Good Hope, Cape of南非西开普省西南沿岸的岩石岬角。葡萄牙航海家迪亚斯（B Dias）确定了非洲大陆的最南端后，在返回葡萄牙的航程中，于1488年发现此岬角。以气候恶劣、海浪滔天闻名，是来自印度洋的暖流与来自南极水域的寒流汇合之处，现为1939年建立的好望角自然保护区的一部分。1652年在桌湾（Table Bay）建立的第一个荷兰居民点即位于此岬角。\n\n我读到有关好望角的一段信息，想请教你一些问题。", - "你好，Human。非常高兴在这里帮助你。请随时提问，我会尽我的最大努力帮助你解答。" + "非常高兴在这里帮助你。请随时提问，我会尽我的最大努力帮助你解答。" ], [ "好望角是在哪个国家？", @@ -485631,7 +485631,7 @@ "history": [ [ "纳瑟水库Nasser, Lake在苏丹称作Lake Nubia埃及南部和苏丹北部的湖泊。长约483公里。1960年代建设亚斯文高坝后形成。它的蓄水量可以使下游增加324,000公顷的灌溉面积。它也淹没了许多考古场地，包括阿布辛贝。\n\n你好，请问纳瑟水库（Lake Nasser）是如何形成的？", - "你好，Human！纳瑟水库是在1960年代亚斯文高坝建设完成后形成的。当时为了发电和增加灌溉面积，兴建了亚斯文高坝。随着高坝的建设，河水被堵住，在埃及南部和苏丹北部地区形成了这个长约483公里的大湖。" + "纳瑟水库是在1960年代亚斯文高坝建设完成后形成的。当时为了发电和增加灌溉面积，兴建了亚斯文高坝。随着高坝的建设，河水被堵住，在埃及南部和苏丹北部地区形成了这个长约483公里的大湖。" ], [ "谢谢回复！纳瑟水库带来了哪些好处？", @@ -485673,7 +485673,7 @@ "history": [ [ "英美烟草工业公司BAT Industries PLC1976年烟草证券信托公司与英美烟草公司合并组成的英国跨行业联合企业。是现今世界上最大的烟草制造商。其他业务包括零售、纸张和金融业。公司国际总部设于伦敦。美国子公司美国英美烟草公司的总部设在肯塔基州的路易斯维尔，拥有布朗和威廉姆森烟草公司，所生产的香烟品牌包括Kool、Raleigh、Pall Mall和Lucky Strike。\n\n请问英美烟草工业公司是怎么成立的？", - "你好，Human！英美烟草工业公司（BAT Industries PLC）是由1976年烟草证券信托公司与英美烟草公司合并而成的一家英国跨行业联合企业。这个合并使其成为了现今世界上最大的烟草制造商。因此，它将两家公司的资源、技术和市场融合在一起，共同发展。希望这个解答能帮助你。" + "英美烟草工业公司（BAT Industries PLC）是由1976年烟草证券信托公司与英美烟草公司合并而成的一家英国跨行业联合企业。这个合并使其成为了现今世界上最大的烟草制造商。因此，它将两家公司的资源、技术和市场融合在一起，共同发展。希望这个解答能帮助你。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。除了烟草制造业务，英美烟草工业公司还有哪些其他业务？", @@ -485696,7 +485696,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鲁勃廖夫1360?～1430?年Rublev, Andrei亦称Andrei Rublyov俄罗斯画家。他接受的完全是拜占庭艺术的程式化传统教育，但他在14世纪已经被接受的人文主义手法中加入了真正的俄罗斯特色，一种完全的超脱，使他的作品明显区别于他的前辈和后辈。他曾是希腊画家狄奥凡的助手，帮助装饰莫斯科的报喜节大教堂。作为最伟大的中世纪俄罗斯圣像画家，他最着名的作品是《三圣像》（约1410）。在晚年成为一名修道士。\n\n根据这段关于鲁勃廖夫的信息，能告诉我他最著名的作品是什么吗？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，鲁勃廖夫最著名的作品是《三圣像》。这幅画作成于约1410年，是他作为中世纪俄罗斯圣像画家的代表之作。" + "根据提供的信息，鲁勃廖夫最著名的作品是《三圣像》。这幅画作成于约1410年，是他作为中世纪俄罗斯圣像画家的代表之作。" ], [ "那么，鲁勃廖夫是如何将他所接受的拜占庭艺术程式化传统教育与俄罗斯特色相结合的？", @@ -485890,7 +485890,7 @@ "history": [ [ "年代测定dating在地质学和考古学中，测定一个物体或事件在年代顺序内的位置。科学家们可能采用相对年代测定和绝对年代测定两种方法，相对年代测定的测定项目是依序根据岩层的线索或一种假定的演化形式或结构来测定；而绝对年代测定的测定项目是选定一个独立年代背景来测定。后者的形式包括钾-氩年龄测定法（potassium-argon dating）和碳-14年代测定法（carbon-14 dating），两者基本上是利用放射性同位素的衰变现象。地球磁场的磁性引力改变纪录已提供了海底扩张假说和长期海洋沈积作用（sedimentation）的时标。树木年代学（Dendrochronology）也已证明对考古有帮助。亦请参阅fission-track dating、helium dating、lead-210 dating、rubidium-strontium dating、uranium-234-uranium-238 dating、uranium-thorium-lead dating。\n\n你好，请问年代测定在地质学和考古学中是如何工作的？", - "你好，Human。年代测定主要是用来确定物体或事件在年代顺序中的位置。在地质学和考古学中，年代测定分为两种方法：相对年代测定和绝对年代测定。相对年代测定主要根据岩层的线索或一种假定的演化形式或结构来测定物体的年代顺序。而绝对年代测定则通过采用一个独立的年代背景来测定物体的具体年代，如钾-氩年龄测定法和碳-14年代测定法等。这些方法基本上是利用放射性同位素的衰变现象来测定年龄。" + "年代测定主要是用来确定物体或事件在年代顺序中的位置。在地质学和考古学中，年代测定分为两种方法：相对年代测定和绝对年代测定。相对年代测定主要根据岩层的线索或一种假定的演化形式或结构来测定物体的年代顺序。而绝对年代测定则通过采用一个独立的年代背景来测定物体的具体年代，如钾-氩年龄测定法和碳-14年代测定法等。这些方法基本上是利用放射性同位素的衰变现象来测定年龄。" ], [ "请解释一下钾-氩年龄测定法和碳-14年代测定法的原理。", @@ -486588,7 +486588,7 @@ "history": [ [ "尼亚科斯1909～1996年Niarchos, Stavros (Spyros)希腊海运巨头。开始时他购置了几条船为他家庭的面粉厂运输小麦，1939年建立起自己的船运企业尼亚科斯集团。第二次世界大战中，他的船只被盟军使用，战后，他用保险公司给战争中被击沈船只的理赔款购买了油轮。他喜欢大船，他的许多超级油轮（在尼亚科斯有限公司最兴盛的时期曾运作八十多艘这样的油轮）的大小和运载能力都创造了世界记录。他和欧纳西斯之间的长期竞争是出了名的。\n\n你好，请你描述一下尼亚科斯是如何开始他的船运事业的？", - "你好，Human。根据所提供的信息，尼亚科斯（Stavros Niarchos）最初通过购买几条船来为他家庭的面粉厂运输小麦。随后，在1939年，他建立了自己的船运企业——尼亚科斯集团。这个起步阶段使他逐渐积累了船运领域的经验，为他后来成功打造一个大型海运帝国奠定了基础。从这个例子中，我们可以看到尼亚科斯是如何通过识别出自家企业运输需求并满足这些需求，取得了长足发展。" + "根据所提供的信息，尼亚科斯（Stavros Niarchos）最初通过购买几条船来为他家庭的面粉厂运输小麦。随后，在1939年，他建立了自己的船运企业——尼亚科斯集团。这个起步阶段使他逐渐积累了船运领域的经验，为他后来成功打造一个大型海运帝国奠定了基础。从这个例子中，我们可以看到尼亚科斯是如何通过识别出自家企业运输需求并满足这些需求，取得了长足发展。" ], [ "那么在二战期间，尼亚科斯的船只起到了什么作用呢？", @@ -486611,7 +486611,7 @@ "history": [ [ "期刊periodical以固定或规律的间隔发行的出版物。一般认为报纸也包括在期刊之中，期刊的页面通常较大，而且不固定，而有非常立刻直接的内容。至于杂志，或报刊，则页数较少，而且一般是固定或装订，通常更为专业化，较不依附时间的内容。\n\n我想了解一下期刊和杂志的区别，根据这段描述，它们主要有哪些差异呢？", - "你好Human！根据这段描述，期刊和杂志的主要区别有以下几点：\n\n1. 发行间隔：期刊以固定或规律的间隔发行，而杂志的发行间隔可能较固定。\n2. 内容特点：期刊的内容通常较大，页面不固定，内容如报纸一样，通常较立即、直接。而杂志内容则通常较为专业化，不依附时间，页数较少且一般都是固定或装订。\n3. 报纸包含性：期刊通常包括报纸在内，而杂志则不包括。\n\n以上几点是至关重要的差异，能够帮助你区分期刊和杂志。通过区分它们的发行间隔、内容特点及报纸的包含性，你可以更清楚地了解它们之间的不同。" + "根据这段描述，期刊和杂志的主要区别有以下几点：\n\n1. 发行间隔：期刊以固定或规律的间隔发行，而杂志的发行间隔可能较固定。\n2. 内容特点：期刊的内容通常较大，页面不固定，内容如报纸一样，通常较立即、直接。而杂志内容则通常较为专业化，不依附时间，页数较少且一般都是固定或装订。\n3. 报纸包含性：期刊通常包括报纸在内，而杂志则不包括。\n\n以上几点是至关重要的差异，能够帮助你区分期刊和杂志。通过区分它们的发行间隔、内容特点及报纸的包含性，你可以更清楚地了解它们之间的不同。" ], [ "有哪些著名的期刊和杂志呢？能分别给我举几个例子吗？", @@ -487570,7 +487570,7 @@ "history": [ [ "说方言tongues, gift of亦作glossolalia指在精神恍惚或狂乱的情况下，自口中发出类似语言的声音，且通常难以被理解。据宗教上的解释，这是人被超自然灵体附体，人与神灵交谈或代神灵发出谕旨。说方言的现象在古希腊宗教和各种原始宗教中都曾出现。基督教中的说方言现象始见于耶稣的门徒在圣灵降临节的经历，使徒圣保罗宣称对其非常熟悉。现代该现象主要与具有超凡魅力的新教徒活动相关，如五旬节派。\n\n关于说方言（tongues, gift of）的现象，你能简单地给我解释一下吗？", - "你好，Human！说方言现象是指在特定的精神状态下，如恍惚或狂乱状态，人们自口中发出类似语言的声音，但通常难以被理解。在宗教背景下，这种现象被理解为与神灵进行交流或者被超自然灵体附体。这种现象在各种原始宗教和古希腊宗教中都有出现。在基督教中，这种现象最早见于耶稣的门徒在圣灵降临节的经历。现代说方言的现象主要与新教徒活动的一些具有超凡魅力的团体有关，比如五旬节派。" + "说方言现象是指在特定的精神状态下，如恍惚或狂乱状态，人们自口中发出类似语言的声音，但通常难以被理解。在宗教背景下，这种现象被理解为与神灵进行交流或者被超自然灵体附体。这种现象在各种原始宗教和古希腊宗教中都有出现。在基督教中，这种现象最早见于耶稣的门徒在圣灵降临节的经历。现代说方言的现象主要与新教徒活动的一些具有超凡魅力的团体有关，比如五旬节派。" ], [ "这种现象发生的原因是什么呢？", @@ -487776,7 +487776,7 @@ "history": [ [ "罗哈斯1892～1948年Roxas (y Acuna), Manuel菲律宾共和国第一任总统（1946～1948）。身为律师，1917年开始了他的政治生涯。为菲律宾从美国独立的鼓吹者，成为国务会议委员，在修改的菲律宾独立和联邦法案（「泰丁斯－麦克达菲法」，1934）基础上草拟了宪法。第二次世界大战期间与亲日政府合作，但在战后审判中受到麦克阿瑟将军的庇护。1946年菲律宾获准独立，他成为菲律宾第一任总统。罗哈斯从美国获得援助基金，但被迫批准了美国军事基地，和其他一些大的让步。他的政府由于腐败和警察暴力而受到损害，也为虎克暴动提供了舞台。\n\n你好，请根据以上信息给我简要介绍一下罗哈斯。", - "你好，Human！罗哈斯（Manuel Roxas y Acuna，1892-1948）是菲律宾共和国的第一任总统（1946-1948）。他曾是一名律师，从1917年开始了他的政治生涯。罗哈斯是菲律宾独立运动的积极分子，他曾是国务会议的委员，并参与草拟了基于“泰丁斯-麦克达菲法”的菲律宾宪法。虽然在二战期间曾与亲日政府合作，但战后获得麦克阿瑟将军的庇护。1946年菲律宾独立后，他成为第一任总统。在他的领导下，菲律宾从美国获得了援助资金，但同时也做出了一些让步，如批准美国军事基地等。他的政府由于腐败和警察暴力受到损害，也为虎克暴动提供了土壤。" + "罗哈斯（Manuel Roxas y Acuna，1892-1948）是菲律宾共和国的第一任总统（1946-1948）。他曾是一名律师，从1917年开始了他的政治生涯。罗哈斯是菲律宾独立运动的积极分子，他曾是国务会议的委员，并参与草拟了基于“泰丁斯-麦克达菲法”的菲律宾宪法。虽然在二战期间曾与亲日政府合作，但战后获得麦克阿瑟将军的庇护。1946年菲律宾独立后，他成为第一任总统。在他的领导下，菲律宾从美国获得了援助资金，但同时也做出了一些让步，如批准美国军事基地等。他的政府由于腐败和警察暴力受到损害，也为虎克暴动提供了土壤。" ], [ "请详细介绍一下泰丁斯-麦克达菲法？", @@ -487795,7 +487795,7 @@ "history": [ [ "食虫虻robber fly亦称assassin fly食虫虻科约4,000种会捕食的双翅类昆虫的统称，分布全球。是双翅类中最大的昆虫，有些体长有8公分长。体多褐色而粗壮，像熊蜂。眼面大，在眼之间有刚毛。足长，能在飞行中捕食，在进食时用足把住食物，往捕获物中注入液体以消化其肌肉。少数种类为养蜂业的大害。\n\n你好，请问你对食虫虻（robber fly 或 assassin fly）了解多少？", - "你好，Human！关于食虫虻，我知道这是一种捕食性昆虫，属于双翅目。食虫虻科包括约四千种昆虫，分布在全球范围内。它们体型相对较大，其中最大的种类体长可达8厘米。食虫虻多为褐色并且粗壮，外观类似熊蜂。它们的眼睛面积大，眼睛之间还有刚毛。食虫虻的脚比较长，能够在飞行中捕食其他昆虫。在捕食过程中，它们会用脚抓住猎物，然后向猎物注入消化液，以消化其肌肉。有些种类对养蜂业产生了严重影响。" + "关于食虫虻，我知道这是一种捕食性昆虫，属于双翅目。食虫虻科包括约四千种昆虫，分布在全球范围内。它们体型相对较大，其中最大的种类体长可达8厘米。食虫虻多为褐色并且粗壮，外观类似熊蜂。它们的眼睛面积大，眼睛之间还有刚毛。食虫虻的脚比较长，能够在飞行中捕食其他昆虫。在捕食过程中，它们会用脚抓住猎物，然后向猎物注入消化液，以消化其肌肉。有些种类对养蜂业产生了严重影响。" ], [ "食虫虻的捕食方式具体是怎样的呢？能否详细描述一下？", @@ -488000,7 +488000,7 @@ "history": [ [ "隔离segregation将个人或群体分离开来的做法。种族隔离是在政治上占优势地位的群体为维持经济利益和较高社会地位的手段，在近代一直主要被白人使用，他们凭藉法令和社会的肤色禁令来维持他们对其他群体的优越地位。在美国南部各州，自19世纪末到1950年代在公共设施方面加以隔离（参阅Jim Crow law）。美国民权运动和1964年的「民权法」结束了在教育和公共设施使用方面的隔离政策，但在一般社会上的种族歧视仍存在。亦请参阅apartheid。\n\n关于种族隔离，能给我简单介绍一下美国的Jim Crow法令吗？", - "你好，Human！当然可以。Jim Crow法令是美国南部各州在19世纪末到20世纪50年代实行的一系列种族隔离法规。这些法律要求将非裔美国人与其他人群在公共设施和空间方面进行隔离，如学校、餐馆、医院等。通过这种法令，白人维持了他们在政治、经济和社会方面的优越地位。这些法令在美国的民权运动中逐渐废除，直至1964年的《民权法》正式宣告，终结了在教育和公共设施使用方面的隔离政策。" + "当然可以。Jim Crow法令是美国南部各州在19世纪末到20世纪50年代实行的一系列种族隔离法规。这些法律要求将非裔美国人与其他人群在公共设施和空间方面进行隔离，如学校、餐馆、医院等。通过这种法令，白人维持了他们在政治、经济和社会方面的优越地位。这些法令在美国的民权运动中逐渐废除，直至1964年的《民权法》正式宣告，终结了在教育和公共设施使用方面的隔离政策。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答，能告诉我一下南非的种族隔离政策“种族隔离制度”是怎么回事吗？", @@ -488015,7 +488015,7 @@ "history": [ [ "圣米歇尔山Mont-Saint-Michel法国东北部诺曼第和不列塔尼间的圣米歇尔湾海岸外的圆形岩石小岛。唯有在涨潮时才是个岛。岛的四周围有中世纪的城墙和高塔，山上有村落及僧侣众多的古老大修道院。数世纪以来，这里一直是朝圣中心、要塞和监狱。岛上修道院教堂有庄严的11世纪罗马式中殿和哥德式唱诗班席。哥德式修道院的围墙兼有军事要塞的雄伟和宗教建筑的朴素。通往修道院的狭窄弯曲的街道两侧有旅馆和旅游商店，一些房屋建于15世纪。\n\n根据上述描述，圣米歇尔山是不是一座有着悠久历史的小岛？", - "你好，Human！是的，圣米歇尔山位于法国东北部诺曼第和不列塔尼间的圣米歇尔湾海岸外，是一座历史悠久的圆形岩石小岛。它在涨潮时被海水包围，成为一个岛屿。这里有中世纪的城墙和高塔，山上有村落和拥有大量僧侣的古老修道院。数世纪以来，圣米歇尔山一直是朝圣中心、要塞和监狱，因此具有丰富的历史背景。" + "是的，圣米歇尔山位于法国东北部诺曼第和不列塔尼间的圣米歇尔湾海岸外，是一座历史悠久的圆形岩石小岛。它在涨潮时被海水包围，成为一个岛屿。这里有中世纪的城墙和高塔，山上有村落和拥有大量僧侣的古老修道院。数世纪以来，圣米歇尔山一直是朝圣中心、要塞和监狱，因此具有丰富的历史背景。" ], [ "岛上的修道院教堂有什么样的建筑特点？", @@ -488118,7 +488118,7 @@ "history": [ [ "多里安人Dorians古代希腊主要民族的通称，来自希腊北部和西北部。西元前1100～西元前1000年间征服了伯罗奔尼撒，扫荡了希腊南部已衰落的迈锡尼和米诺斯文明的残余，把这个地区投入黑暗时代，因而使得希腊城邦的出现几乎推迟了三个世纪。多里安人有自己的方言，分成三个方言群。对希腊文化的贡献有多里安式建筑、希腊悲剧中的合唱诗和军事独裁政府。在某些地方他们可以和希腊社会融为一体，但在斯巴达和克里特他们握有实权且拒绝作文化上的交流。\n\n你好，请问多里安人是怎么征服伯罗奔尼撒的？", - "你好，Human。多里安人在西元前1100至西元前1000年间征服伯罗奔尼撒。当时，迈锡尼文明和米诺斯文明已处于衰落状态，这使得多里安人在征服过程中遇到的抵抗相对较小。由于多里安人的实力较强，他们能够在战争中取得优势，从而征服伯罗奔尼撒地区。然而，这次征服也导致了希腊地区陷入黑暗时代，推迟了希腊城邦的出现将近三个世纪。" + "多里安人在西元前1100至西元前1000年间征服伯罗奔尼撒。当时，迈锡尼文明和米诺斯文明已处于衰落状态，这使得多里安人在征服过程中遇到的抵抗相对较小。由于多里安人的实力较强，他们能够在战争中取得优势，从而征服伯罗奔尼撒地区。然而，这次征服也导致了希腊地区陷入黑暗时代，推迟了希腊城邦的出现将近三个世纪。" ], [ "多里安人的方言又有哪些分类？", @@ -488293,7 +488293,7 @@ "history": [ [ "科莱利1653～1713年Corelli, Arcangelo义大利小提琴家和作曲家。早年生平不详，原在波隆那学习，后来到罗马定居，以小提琴家、指挥和教师闻名遐迩，与家人先后搬进潘弗里和奥托博尼枢机主教的宫邸居住。众多学生中包括杰米尼安尼（F Geminiani, 1687～1762）和罗卡泰里（P Locatelli, 1695～1764）。其指挥技术精湛，被认为是组合现代管弦乐团的先行者。他也创造了自己的小提琴演奏风格和大协奏曲的形式，小提琴奏鸣曲成为后来发展的典范。最主要作品有《大协奏曲》（作品第六号）、《十二首奏鸣曲》（作品第五号）和《为两把小提琴、大提琴和管风琴数字低音写的十二首三重奏鸣曲》（作品第一号）。\n\n请问科莱利是谁？", - "你好，Human！科莱利（Arcangelo Corelli，1653-1713）是一位义大利著名的小提琴家和作曲家。他早年在波隆那学习，后来定居罗马，以小提琴家、指挥和教师的身份受到广泛赞誉。他是组合现代管弦乐团的先驱，并开创了自己的小提琴演奏风格和大协奏曲的形式。科莱利的作品对后世影响深远，特别是他的小提琴奏鸣曲。" + "科莱利（Arcangelo Corelli，1653-1713）是一位义大利著名的小提琴家和作曲家。他早年在波隆那学习，后来定居罗马，以小提琴家、指挥和教师的身份受到广泛赞誉。他是组合现代管弦乐团的先驱，并开创了自己的小提琴演奏风格和大协奏曲的形式。科莱利的作品对后世影响深远，特别是他的小提琴奏鸣曲。" ], [ "他的一些著名学生有哪些？", @@ -488425,7 +488425,7 @@ "history": [ [ "吉尔吉斯Kyrgyzstan正式名称吉尔吉斯共和国（Kyrgyz Republic）亚洲中部国家，东南部有科克沙尔陶岭（天山的一部分），构成与中国的边界。面积198,500平方公里。人口约4,934,000（2001）。首都︰比什凯克。约有一半人民是吉尔吉斯人，其余的是俄罗斯人和乌兹别克人，以及1941年被赶出俄罗斯西部的乌克兰人和德国人。语言︰吉尔吉斯语和俄语（官方语）。宗教：伊斯兰教（逊尼派）。货币︰松姆（som）。吉尔吉斯是一个多山的国家，在东端耸立着全国最高峰胜利峰，海拔7,439公尺。该国的谷地和平原仅占全国的1/7，但大部分的人口集中于这些地方。经济主要以农业为基础，包括牲畜饲养以及种植谷类、马铃薯、棉花和甜菜等作物。采煤以及食品加工、机械生产等工业也很重要。政府形式为共和国，两院制。国家元首暨政府首脑是总统，由总理辅佐。吉尔吉斯人是中亚的游牧民族，古代曾定居于天山地区。1207年被成吉思汗的儿子术赤所征服。18世纪中叶纳入中国清朝的版图。19世纪俄罗斯人控制该区，1916年发生反叛苏联的暴动，遭到一段长期的粗暴镇压。1924年成为苏联的自治省，1936年设为吉尔吉斯苏维埃社会主义共和国。1991年获得独立。1990年代在民主路上奋斗不懈，努力缔造繁荣的经济。\n\n请问吉尔吉斯的官方语言有哪些？", - "你好，Human！吉尔吉斯共和国的官方语言有两种：吉尔吉斯语和俄语。这两种语言在该国的政府部门、教育机构和日常生活中都被广泛使用，有助于保持国家内部的多元化和与其他国家的沟通。请问还有什么我可以帮您解答的吗？" + "吉尔吉斯共和国的官方语言有两种：吉尔吉斯语和俄语。这两种语言在该国的政府部门、教育机构和日常生活中都被广泛使用，有助于保持国家内部的多元化和与其他国家的沟通。请问还有什么我可以帮您解答的吗？" ], [ "谢谢！那么吉尔吉斯主要信仰的宗教是什么？", @@ -488524,7 +488524,7 @@ "history": [ [ "维吉诺古钢琴virginal亦称virginals小型长方形大键琴，单根弦和单键盘。键盘装在长方形琴箱前方的一边或另一边。维吉诺古钢琴的组合包括了一个小的、轻便的维吉诺古钢琴放在大的键盘上，组成两个键盘乐器。维吉诺古钢琴在16和17世纪的英国最流行，由伯德、摩尔利和威尔克斯创作许多乐曲。\n\n你好，请问维吉诺古钢琴和一般的大键琴有什么区别？", - "你好，Human！维吉诺古钢琴（Virginal）与一般大键琴的主要区别在于其体积和结构。维吉诺古钢琴相对较小，具有单根弦和单键盘。它的键盘装在长方形琴箱的前方一边或另一边，而一般大键琴的键盘通常位于琴箱中心的位置。这些特点使得维吉诺古钢琴更轻便，适合在各种场合使用。维吉诺古钢琴在16和17世纪的英国非常流行，许多著名作曲家如伯德、摩尔利和威尔克斯为它创作了许多乐曲。" + "维吉诺古钢琴（Virginal）与一般大键琴的主要区别在于其体积和结构。维吉诺古钢琴相对较小，具有单根弦和单键盘。它的键盘装在长方形琴箱的前方一边或另一边，而一般大键琴的键盘通常位于琴箱中心的位置。这些特点使得维吉诺古钢琴更轻便，适合在各种场合使用。维吉诺古钢琴在16和17世纪的英国非常流行，许多著名作曲家如伯德、摩尔利和威尔克斯为它创作了许多乐曲。" ], [ "感谢你详细的回答，请问双键盘的维吉诺古钢琴是如何组合的？", @@ -488673,7 +488673,7 @@ "history": [ [ "灯心草rush数种显花植物的通称，具圆柱形柄或空心、秆茎状叶。见于温带地区，特别是潮湿或多荫处。灯心草科包括灯心草属（俗称普通灯心草）和地杨梅属（俗称木灯心草）。普通灯心草在世界许多地方供织椅垫、蓆和编成篮子。髓部则作开放式油灯的灯心或灯心草蜡烛用。其他灯心草种类包括灯心草（香蒲科）、木贼（亦称擦磨灯心草）、花灯心草（B umbellatus，花蔺科）和甜灯心草（A calamus，亦作sweet flag，属天南星科）。\n\n你好，请问灯心草是哪些地区比较常见？", - "你好，Human。灯心草主要分布在温带地区，尤其是潮湿或多荫的地方。希望这个信息对您有帮助。" + "灯心草主要分布在温带地区，尤其是潮湿或多荫的地方。希望这个信息对您有帮助。" ], [ "谢谢回答，请问灯心草有哪些主要种类？", @@ -488734,7 +488734,7 @@ "history": [ [ "汞中毒mercury poisoning由各种汞化合物造成的对身体的伤害。生产油漆、各种家庭用品和农药的过程中都会使用到汞，其排放出的废弃物中可能含有汞。水生食物链可能将有机汞聚集到鱼和海洋食品中，然后被人食用，也可能引起中央神经系统的不良反应，造成肌肉疼痛、视觉和大脑功能失调，并由此引发瘫痪和死亡（参阅Minamata disease）。严重的汞中毒可引起消化道的重度炎症。汞在肾脏内的聚集可导致尿毒症和死亡。慢性中毒，包括职业中的缓慢吸入和皮肤接触，会使口中有金属味，引起口腔炎症、牙龈出现蓝线以及剧烈疼痛和战栗、体重下降和精神上的变化（精神抑郁和消沈）。含汞药物可引起过敏反应，有时是致命的。儿童的肢痛病（「红皮病」）有可能就是由于有机汞在家中的油漆中聚集而造成的。\n\n你好，我听说了汞中毒的危害，我想了解一下汞中毒的主要症状是什么？", - "你好，Human。汞中毒有很多症状，包括肌肉疼痛、视觉和大脑功能失调，以及中央神经系统的不良反应。慢性中毒的症状还包括口中有金属味、口腔炎症、牙龈出现蓝线、剧烈疼痛和战栗、体重下降和精神上的变化（精神抑郁和消沈）。严重的汞中毒可引起消化道的重度炎症，肾脏内聚集的汞可能导致尿毒症和死亡。" + "汞中毒有很多症状，包括肌肉疼痛、视觉和大脑功能失调，以及中央神经系统的不良反应。慢性中毒的症状还包括口中有金属味、口腔炎症、牙龈出现蓝线、剧烈疼痛和战栗、体重下降和精神上的变化（精神抑郁和消沈）。严重的汞中毒可引起消化道的重度炎症，肾脏内聚集的汞可能导致尿毒症和死亡。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么，为了避免汞中毒，我们在生活中应该注意哪些方面？", @@ -488990,7 +488990,7 @@ "history": [ [ "坩埚crucible用黏土、石墨、高岭土或其他难熔金属等耐火材料制成的状器皿。早在古代已用作熔融或化验金属的容器。现代，有试验室进行高温化学反应或化学分析用的小型坩埚，也有工业上熔融和锻烧金属或矿石用的大型坩埚。\n\n请问坩埚是干什么用的？", - "你好，Human！坩埚是一种用耐火材料制成的器皿，常用于熔融或化验金属。它可以承受高温，在实验室或工业领域广泛应用。实验室里的小型坩埚用于进行高温化学反应或化学分析；工业上的大型坩埚则用于熔融和锻烧金属或矿石。" + "坩埚是一种用耐火材料制成的器皿，常用于熔融或化验金属。它可以承受高温，在实验室或工业领域广泛应用。实验室里的小型坩埚用于进行高温化学反应或化学分析；工业上的大型坩埚则用于熔融和锻烧金属或矿石。" ], [ "那么，坩埚是怎样制成的？", @@ -489381,7 +489381,7 @@ "history": [ [ "柯蒂斯1850～1933年Curtis, Cyrus (Hermann Kotzschmar)美国出版商，曾在费城建立新闻帝国。1863年在波特兰发行周刊，后毁于火灾而迁居波士顿，发行《民众纪事》杂志；1876年迁居费城，继续发行。1879年创办《论坛和农夫》和《妇女家庭杂志》，1890年建立柯蒂斯出版公司。此后创办《星期六晚邮报》（1897）、《乡村绅士》（1911）、《费城大众纪事报》（1913）、《费城新闻报》、《北美人报》及《费城询问报》（1930）等。他的女儿玛丽路易丝成立的柯蒂斯音乐学院，便是以他的名字命名。\n\n你好，请你根据我提供的这段信息，给我一个关于柯蒂斯的简要介绍。", - "你好，Human！柯蒂斯（Cyrus Curtis，1850-1933年），全名Cyrus Hermann Kotzschmar Curtis，是美国著名出版商。他曾在费城建立了一个庞大的新闻帝国。他开始在波特兰发行周刊，后来由于火灾，搬迁到波士顿发行《民众纪事》杂志。1876年，他转到费城并继续发展事业，在那里创立了柯蒂斯出版公司，并陆续创办了多份报刊和杂志，如《星期六晚邮报》和《乡村绅士》等。他的女儿玛丽路易丝还以他的名字创建了柯蒂斯音乐学院。" + "柯蒂斯（Cyrus Curtis，1850-1933年），全名Cyrus Hermann Kotzschmar Curtis，是美国著名出版商。他曾在费城建立了一个庞大的新闻帝国。他开始在波特兰发行周刊，后来由于火灾，搬迁到波士顿发行《民众纪事》杂志。1876年，他转到费城并继续发展事业，在那里创立了柯蒂斯出版公司，并陆续创办了多份报刊和杂志，如《星期六晚邮报》和《乡村绅士》等。他的女儿玛丽路易丝还以他的名字创建了柯蒂斯音乐学院。" ], [ "请问柯蒂斯发行的第一份报刊是什么？", @@ -489533,7 +489533,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鲁卜哈利沙漠Rub al-Khali阿拉伯半岛南部的大片沙漠。面积约650,000平方公里。主要在沙乌地阿拉伯东南部，小部分在叶门、阿曼和阿拉伯联合大公国境内。是世界上最大的连续沙漠地区，占沙乌地阿拉伯领土的1/4以上。这里实际上杳无人迹，大部分未开发。1948年在此发现世界上最大的油田盖瓦尔。\n\n你好，请问根据上面的信息，鲁卜哈利沙漠位于哪些国家的边境？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，鲁卜哈利沙漠，也叫Rub al-Khali，位于阿拉伯半岛南部，主要分布在沙特阿拉伯的东南部。同时，它的一小部分也涉及到其他几个国家，包括也门、阿曼和阿拉伯联合酋长国。总的来说，鲁卜哈利沙漠横跨了这四个国家的领土。" + "根据提供的信息，鲁卜哈利沙漠，也叫Rub al-Khali，位于阿拉伯半岛南部，主要分布在沙特阿拉伯的东南部。同时，它的一小部分也涉及到其他几个国家，包括也门、阿曼和阿拉伯联合酋长国。总的来说，鲁卜哈利沙漠横跨了这四个国家的领土。" ], [ "这个沙漠占据了沙特阿拉伯多大的领土面积？", @@ -490215,7 +490215,7 @@ "history": [ [ "电阻resistance材料或电路对电流的阻力。它是电路的一种性质，在它对抗电流流动的过程中把电能转换成热能。电阻R、电动势V和电流I三者之间由欧姆定律联系在一起。导体的电阻通常随温度的升高而增加。在电灯和加热器中就要利用电阻。电阻的常用单位是欧姆，1欧姆等于1伏特／安培（参阅electromotive force）。\n\n你好，请问电阻是什么？", - "你好，Human。电阻是一种电气元件，它表示电路中材料或部件对电流的阻力。在电路中，电阻能将电能转化为热能，这个过程中会对电流流动产生阻力。电阻、电动势和电流三者之间由欧姆定律联系在一起。通常情况下，导体的电阻随着温度的升高而增加。在一些设备如电灯和加热器中，电阻是其中一个重要原理。欧姆是电阻的常用单位，1欧姆等于1伏特/安培。" + "电阻是一种电气元件，它表示电路中材料或部件对电流的阻力。在电路中，电阻能将电能转化为热能，这个过程中会对电流流动产生阻力。电阻、电动势和电流三者之间由欧姆定律联系在一起。通常情况下，导体的电阻随着温度的升高而增加。在一些设备如电灯和加热器中，电阻是其中一个重要原理。欧姆是电阻的常用单位，1欧姆等于1伏特/安培。" ], [ "请问欧姆定律是什么？", @@ -490600,7 +490600,7 @@ "history": [ [ "拉多飞地Lado Enclave中非地区。位于上尼罗河西岸艾伯特湖北面，今乌干达北部和苏丹东南部。1841～1842年欧洲人首先进入这个地区，成为象牙和奴隶贸易站。1894年英国人宣称拥有上尼罗河地区，并租给比利时的利奥波德二世，称为拉多飞地。1910年并入英埃共管的苏丹。\n\n请问你能简单介绍一下拉多飞地（Lado Enclave）的地理位置吗？", - "你好Human，拉多飞地位于上尼罗河的西岸，艾伯特湖的北面。现在，这个地区已经是乌干达北部和苏丹东南部的一部分。拥有丰富的自然资源和特殊的地理位置，吸引了历史上很多国家争夺和探险。希望这个简单的介绍对你有帮助。" + "拉多飞地位于上尼罗河的西岸，艾伯特湖的北面。现在，这个地区已经是乌干达北部和苏丹东南部的一部分。拥有丰富的自然资源和特殊的地理位置，吸引了历史上很多国家争夺和探险。希望这个简单的介绍对你有帮助。" ], [ "历史上的拉多飞地是什么时候被欧洲人发现的，他们当时是如何运用这里的资源？", @@ -490653,7 +490653,7 @@ "history": [ [ "标记sign在市场交易上和广告上，置于所交易和所广告物件上或前面，以辨识其占有者和该处所作生意的性质，或置于所交易和所广告物件的远处，为某一生意或该生意的产品作广告的图案。古代的埃及人和希腊人用标记来达到广告的效果，罗马人当时也发明了标志牌，将墙壁合适的地方粉刷以题字。早期的商店招牌在生意人与不识字的村落之间进行交易时被使用，目的是发明一种易于辨认的图案来代表他们所做的生意。现代标志被加上各种各样的动画和灯光。\n\n请问，上面所描述的标记sign在古代如何出现，并实现广告的效果？", - "你好，Human！古代的标记sign主要通过简单的图案和文字来实现广告效果。如同上文所述，古代的埃及人和希腊人通过使用这些标记来进行广告。而罗马人则发明了标志牌，将墙壁合适的地方粉刷以题字。这些方式都是为了实现商品和服务间的辨识度，吸引顾客前来购买或使用。通过这样简单而直观的方式，标记sign在古代就实现了广告的目的。" + "古代的标记sign主要通过简单的图案和文字来实现广告效果。如同上文所述，古代的埃及人和希腊人通过使用这些标记来进行广告。而罗马人则发明了标志牌，将墙壁合适的地方粉刷以题字。这些方式都是为了实现商品和服务间的辨识度，吸引顾客前来购买或使用。通过这样简单而直观的方式，标记sign在古代就实现了广告的目的。" ], [ "在早期的商店招牌上，他们使用了怎样的方式来与不识字的村落进行交易呢？", @@ -490903,7 +490903,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿诺德1822～1888年Arnold, Matthew英国维多利亚时代优秀诗人、评论家。教育家汤玛斯阿诺德（Thomas Arnold）的儿子，受教于牛津大学，后终生担任督学。他的诗作包括了：高度哲理性的〈多佛滩〉（Dover Beach）；史诗般的〈邵莱布和罗斯托〉（Sohrab and Rustum）；完美而壮丽的〈吉普赛学者〉（The Scholar Gipsy）和〈色希斯〉（Thyrsis）。《文化与无政府状态》（Culture and Anarchy, 1869）是他重要的评论作品，它集中攻击了维多利亚时代英国人的自满、庸俗和拜金主义，社会缺乏准则和方向感，陷于无政府状态。在他后来的短文〈诗的研究〉（The Study of Poetry）中提到，诗可能取代宗教，所以读者要懂得如何去分辨诗的好坏。\n\n请问阿诺德是何时何地出生的？", - "你好，Human。根据提供的信息，阿诺德（Matthew Arnold）出生在英国，生活在维多利亚时代，他的出生年份是1822年，逝世于1888年。他是一位著名的诗人、评论家和教育家。" + "根据提供的信息，阿诺德（Matthew Arnold）出生在英国，生活在维多利亚时代，他的出生年份是1822年，逝世于1888年。他是一位著名的诗人、评论家和教育家。" ], [ "阿诺德的父亲是谁？", @@ -491105,7 +491105,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瓦尼尔Vanir古斯堪的那维亚神话中司财富、丰产和商业之神族，他们包括尼约尔德和他的孩子们弗雷和弗蕾亚。从属于好战的埃西尔。但在一场战争中打败埃西尔后他们要求予平等地位。瓦尼尔把尼约尔德和弗雷送到埃西尔那里去，作为交换从对方那里接到赫尼尔和弥米尔。在媾和的仪式上就产生了诗神克瓦西尔。\n\n你好，我想了解一下瓦尼尔这个神族的历史背景，他们在古斯堪的那维亚神话中是怎样的一群神？", - "你好，Human。瓦尼尔是北欧神话中一个非常重要的神族，他们主要负责司掌财富、丰产和商业。瓦尼尔神族包括尼约尔德及其孩子弗雷和弗蕾亚。这群神族最初是从属于好战的埃西尔神族。在一场战争中，瓦尼尔成功地击败了埃西尔神族，要求与埃西尔平等地位，这意味着他们在神话中地位提升，受到了尊重。" + "瓦尼尔是北欧神话中一个非常重要的神族，他们主要负责司掌财富、丰产和商业。瓦尼尔神族包括尼约尔德及其孩子弗雷和弗蕾亚。这群神族最初是从属于好战的埃西尔神族。在一场战争中，瓦尼尔成功地击败了埃西尔神族，要求与埃西尔平等地位，这意味着他们在神话中地位提升，受到了尊重。" ], [ "瓦尼尔神族与埃西尔神族的关系是如何发展的？他们是如何达成和解的？", @@ -491170,7 +491170,7 @@ "history": [ [ "基德1645?～1701年Kidd, William别名基德船长（Captain Kidd）英国劫掠船船长和海盗。1695年受命搜捕骚扰东印度公司船只的海盗，成为英国合法的劫掠船船长。航行途中，他自己也成了海盗，劫掠了几艘船只，并在盛怒中将自己的炮手摩尔（W Moore）打成重伤致死。1699年在纽约投降，曾得到宽恕的允认，后被送往英国接受审判，被控犯杀害摩尔及五次海盗行为等罪行，被处绞刑。在加德纳斯岛（长岛附近）上发现了他的部分财物，但显然还有更多未被发现。他死后成了半传奇性的人物，被浪漫地描述成一个勇敢的冒险家。\n\n我想了解一下基德船长，他是如何从合法的英国劫掠船船长变成海盗的？", - "你好，Human！基德船长，全名William Kidd，生活在1645年至1701年。1695年，他受命于英国政府，负责捉拿那些骚扰东印度公司船只的海盗，因此成为了英国合法的劫掠船船长。然而，在执行任务的过程中，可能由于贪婪、对金钱的渴求或是面临的困境，他开始利用自己的地位掠夺其他船只，从而逐渐成为了一名海盗。这个转变可能是循序渐进的，但具体原因和过程可能已经难以考证。" + "基德船长，全名William Kidd，生活在1645年至1701年。1695年，他受命于英国政府，负责捉拿那些骚扰东印度公司船只的海盗，因此成为了英国合法的劫掠船船长。然而，在执行任务的过程中，可能由于贪婪、对金钱的渴求或是面临的困境，他开始利用自己的地位掠夺其他船只，从而逐渐成为了一名海盗。这个转变可能是循序渐进的，但具体原因和过程可能已经难以考证。" ], [ "请给我详细讲讲他所犯的杀人罪，以及他的审判过程。", @@ -491432,7 +491432,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伪季米特里Dmitry, False亦称Pseudo-Demetrius三个不同的争夺莫斯科王位的人。在混乱时期，他们自称是伊凡四世之子季米特里伊凡诺维奇，实际上真季米特里可能是在戈东诺夫的指使下已在1591年被杀。第一个伪季米特里与戈东诺夫夺权，并于1605年宣布为沙皇。1606年被舒伊斯基（1552～1612）所杀，并继承其位。谣传季米特里并没有死，第二个季米特里出现，1610年被杀前有大批的拥护者。第三个季米特里于1611年出现，他得到哥萨克人的效忠。1612年5月被人出卖，后在莫斯科处死。\n\n请向我解释一下伪季米特里Dmitry、False和Pseudo-Demetrius这三个名字的由来。", - "你好Human！这三个名字都源于16世纪末到17世纪初俄罗斯历史上的一段混乱时期，当时有三个不同的人试图争夺莫斯科王位。他们自称是已故沙皇伊凡四世的儿子季米特里伊凡诺维奇，声称未死，所以被称为伪季米特里。Dmitry、False和Pseudo-Demetrius都是对这类人的描述，其中Dmitry是季米特里的英文名，False和Pseudo-Demetrius分别表示假的或伪装的季米特里。这三个名字意義相似，都指三个不同的伪季米特里。" + "这三个名字都源于16世纪末到17世纪初俄罗斯历史上的一段混乱时期，当时有三个不同的人试图争夺莫斯科王位。他们自称是已故沙皇伊凡四世的儿子季米特里伊凡诺维奇，声称未死，所以被称为伪季米特里。Dmitry、False和Pseudo-Demetrius都是对这类人的描述，其中Dmitry是季米特里的英文名，False和Pseudo-Demetrius分别表示假的或伪装的季米特里。这三个名字意義相似，都指三个不同的伪季米特里。" ], [ "请解释一下真季米特里的身世以及他可能的死因。", @@ -491505,7 +491505,7 @@ "history": [ [ "牙龈gum亦称gingiva附于并环绕牙颈及毗邻的牙槽骨的黏膜。牙龈与牙齿附着处为游离缘﹔两牙之间的牙龈形成小楔状，充满牙间隙，牙周膜有纤维进入牙龈，使之紧密附于牙上。健康的牙龈呈粉红色，表面有点彩，质坚韧，对疼痛、温度、压力有一定的感受能力。牙龈炎的早期症状为颜色改变、点彩消失或感觉过敏。\n\n你好，请问牙龈是什么？", - "你好，Human！牙龈，又称gingiva，是一种附于并环绕牙颈及毗邻的牙槽骨的黏膜。它的主要作用是支持牙齿和保护牙槽骨。牙龈与牙齿附着处为游离缘；两牙之间的牙龈形成小楔状，充满牙间隙。牙龈中的牙周膜有纤维进入，使牙龈紧密附于牙上。健康的牙龈呈粉红色，表面有点彩，质地坚韧，对疼痛、温度、压力有一定的感受能力。" + "牙龈，又称gingiva，是一种附于并环绕牙颈及毗邻的牙槽骨的黏膜。它的主要作用是支持牙齿和保护牙槽骨。牙龈与牙齿附着处为游离缘；两牙之间的牙龈形成小楔状，充满牙间隙。牙龈中的牙周膜有纤维进入，使牙龈紧密附于牙上。健康的牙龈呈粉红色，表面有点彩，质地坚韧，对疼痛、温度、压力有一定的感受能力。" ], [ "请告诉我牙龈炎的早期症状有哪些？", @@ -491595,7 +491595,7 @@ "history": [ [ "神学院seminary一种传习神学的教育机构。在美国，这个名词以前也用于指称女子高等教育机构，尤其是女子师范学校。至少在西元4世纪，就已经出现训练神职人员的神学院，而历史上最早的着名神学院，聚集在安西拉之圣巴西略（St Basil of Ancyra）一带，但神学院这个名词在中世纪则被舍弃不用，而以修道院（monastery），以及后来的大学（the universities）作为神学训练的地点。在宗教改革（Reformation）及新宗派出现之后，神学院一词又再度被使用，尤其是在美国。16世纪的天特会议（Council of Trent）更命令各教区都必须开办神学院。\n\n根据上面的信息，你能简要介绍一下什么是神学院吗？", - "你好，Human！神学院是一种传习神学的教育机构，主要用于培养神职人员。它的历史可以追溯到公元4世纪。在美国，这个名词曾经也用于指代女子高等教育机构，尤其是女子师范学校。神学院在中世纪时期被修道院和后来的大学所取代，但在宗教改革和新宗派出现后再次被使用。16世纪天主教会的天特会议还要求各教区设立神学院。" + "神学院是一种传习神学的教育机构，主要用于培养神职人员。它的历史可以追溯到公元4世纪。在美国，这个名词曾经也用于指代女子高等教育机构，尤其是女子师范学校。神学院在中世纪时期被修道院和后来的大学所取代，但在宗教改革和新宗派出现后再次被使用。16世纪天主教会的天特会议还要求各教区设立神学院。" ], [ "请问神学院最早出现在哪里？", @@ -491721,7 +491721,7 @@ "history": [ [ "贝利尼家族Bellini family义大利画家家族。雅各布贝利尼（1400?～1470/1471）曾师从法布里亚诺的秦梯利，1440年左右他在威尼斯拥有一间生意兴隆的画室。比他的绘画作品更为重要的是保留下来的两部素描集，里面有近三百幅素描画。他是曼特尼亚的岳父。其儿秦梯利（Gentile, 1429?～1507）继承了他的素描集和画室。现存重要的秦梯利作品是两幅巨大的油画：《真十字架圣物游行》（1496）和《圣洛伦索桥上的奇蹟》（1500），描绘了当时威尼斯的生活场景。秦梯利的弟弟乔凡尼（Giovanni，亦作Giambellino，1430?～1516）是这个家族最伟大和最多产的画家。他把威尼斯转变为与佛罗伦斯和罗马并驾齐驱的文艺复兴中心之一。乔凡尼是早期的油画大师，主要画宗教画，也擅长人物肖像画，其中以《洛雷丹总督》（1501?）最为有名。提香和乔尔乔涅可能在他的工作室受过训练。亦请参阅Venetian school。\n\n你好，请问贝利尼家族是在哪个国家的著名画家家族？", - "你好，Human！贝利尼家族是义大利著名的画家家族。其中雅各布贝利尼、秦梯利和乔凡尼这三位艺术家是这个家族最知名的代表。他们的作品在文艺复兴时期产生了重要的影响，并且把威尼斯塑造成了与佛罗伦斯和罗马并驾齐驱的文艺复兴中心之一。" + "贝利尼家族是义大利著名的画家家族。其中雅各布贝利尼、秦梯利和乔凡尼这三位艺术家是这个家族最知名的代表。他们的作品在文艺复兴时期产生了重要的影响，并且把威尼斯塑造成了与佛罗伦斯和罗马并驾齐驱的文艺复兴中心之一。" ], [ "请问雅各布贝利尼的贡献是什么？", @@ -491989,7 +491989,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西堡格1912～1999年Seaborg, Glenn (Theodore)美国核化学家。在加州大学柏克莱分校获得硕士学位。他和利文古德（John Livingood）、塞格雷（Emilio Segre）以及其他人一起研究发现了一百多种同位素，包括许多经考证很重要的同位素，如碘-131、鎝-99。但是他最有名的成就是对超铀元素的分离和辨识工作。1941年他和他的同事发现了钸。此后继续发现和分离一些元素如鋂、锔、、鉲、鑀、镄、钔、（原子序为95～102）。1942年他参加了「曼哈顿计画」，并在研制原子弹中起了关键性的作用。他曾请求杜鲁门总统不要把平民当作原子弹的目标，但最终失败。1951年他与麦克米伦（E M McMillan, 1907～1991）共获诺贝尔化学奖。他提出的一项重要的组织原则，即关于锕系过渡元素的重要理念，对于预测新元素的化学性质和在元素周期表上的配置位置有极大的作用。1961～1971年西堡格担任原子能委员会主席。他强烈呼吁核子裁军，领导了谈判最后达成「限制核子试验条约」（1963），后来又在通过「禁止核子武器扩散条约」中扮演积极的角色。1997年一种新发现的元素以他的名字命名，即106号元素（seaborgium），这是首度给予在世者如此高的尊荣。\n\n请问西堡格的主要贡献是什么？", - "你好，Human。西堡格（Glenn Seaborg）是一位著名的美国核化学家，他的主要贡献包括：\n\n1. 研究发现了一百多种同位素，其中包括一些非常重要的同位素，如碘-131、锝-99。\n2. 对超铀元素的分离和辨识工作。他和他的同事在1941年发现了钸，随后继续发现和分离了许多其他元素，如原子序为95至102的鋂、锔、鉲、鑀、镄、钔等。\n3. 参与了曼哈顿计划，对原子弹的研制起到了关键性的作用。\n4. 提出关于锕系过渡元素的重要理念，预测新元素的化学性质和在元素周期表上的配置位置有着极大的作用。\n5. 积极呼吁核子裁军，并在禁止核子武器扩散等方面发挥重要作用。\n\n这些成就使得西堡格在核化学领域产生了深远的影响，他与麦克米伦（E M McMillan）共同获得了1951年的诺贝尔化学奖。" + "西堡格（Glenn Seaborg）是一位著名的美国核化学家，他的主要贡献包括：\n\n1. 研究发现了一百多种同位素，其中包括一些非常重要的同位素，如碘-131、锝-99。\n2. 对超铀元素的分离和辨识工作。他和他的同事在1941年发现了钸，随后继续发现和分离了许多其他元素，如原子序为95至102的鋂、锔、鉲、鑀、镄、钔等。\n3. 参与了曼哈顿计划，对原子弹的研制起到了关键性的作用。\n4. 提出关于锕系过渡元素的重要理念，预测新元素的化学性质和在元素周期表上的配置位置有着极大的作用。\n5. 积极呼吁核子裁军，并在禁止核子武器扩散等方面发挥重要作用。\n\n这些成就使得西堡格在核化学领域产生了深远的影响，他与麦克米伦（E M McMillan）共同获得了1951年的诺贝尔化学奖。" ], [ "谈谈西堡格在曼哈顿计划中担任什么职责？", @@ -492263,7 +492263,7 @@ "history": [ [ "佛教Buddhism于西元前6世纪末至西元前4世纪初创立于印度北部、以悉达多--也就是佛陀--的教诲为基础的宗教和哲学，为世界主要宗教之一。佛教的目的在于助人摆脱生死轮回之苦和证得涅盘，并强调冥想与奉行道德戒。佛陀的指示都是由弟子口传，在有生之年建立了佛教僧团（参阅sangha）。他采用同时代的印度教某些思想，特别是业的教义，但也不苟同印度教的许多教义及其所供奉的神。佛教主要的教义可简述为「四谛」与「八正道」。佛教分为两大宗派：大乘和小乘，已各自发展成不同的习规。在印度，西元前3世纪时阿育王大力提倡佛教，但在接下来的几个世纪开始衰落，到13世纪几近灭绝。但佛教已往南散播到斯里兰卡和东南亚，再经中亚、西藏（参阅Tibetan Buddhism）传到中国、韩国和日本（参阅Pure Land Buddhism和Zen）。现在各种不同传统的佛教信众约有四亿人。\n\n请问佛教是什么时候在印度北部创立的？", - "你好，Human！佛教创立于西元前6世纪末至西元前4世纪初，在印度北部地区。这个宗教是以悉达多，也就是佛陀的教诲为基础。" + "佛教创立于西元前6世纪末至西元前4世纪初，在印度北部地区。这个宗教是以悉达多，也就是佛陀的教诲为基础。" ], [ "谢谢你的回答。那么，佛教的主要目的是什么呢？", @@ -492435,7 +492435,7 @@ "history": [ [ "美孚公司Mobil Corp美国最大的控股公司之一的原名，主要从事石油业务，但在化学制品与零售业中，也拥有庞大股份。美孚公司的前身为19世纪的两个石油公司，威肯姆石油公司（创立于1866年）和纽约标准石油公司（创立于1882年）。1931年这两个公司合并，建立了纽约标准威肯姆公司，后来成为纽约美孚石油公司（1955），继而变为美孚石油公司（1966）。1974年美孚石油公司购买了马可公司希望实现多样化经营，此时建立了控股公司美孚公司。1988年美孚公司卖掉马可公司的主要非石油股份，包括蒙哥马利华德公司，以重新集中经营石油产品。美孚石油公司的业务范围包括从石油探勘到市场营销的全程操作，主要产地为墨西哥湾、加利福利亚州、大西洋海岸、阿拉斯加州、北海和沙乌地阿拉伯。1999年与艾克森公司合并，成为艾克森美孚公司。\n\n请问美孚公司是如何发展成为美国最大的控股公司之一的呢？", - "你好，Human。美孚公司的发展经历了几个关键阶段。首先，它的前身为19世纪的两个石油公司，分别是威肯姆石油公司（成立于1866年）和纽约标准石油公司（成立于1882年）。这两个公司在1931年合并，建立了纽约标准威肯姆公司。随后，在1955年，公司名称变更为纽约美孚石油公司，然后在1966年进一步更名为美孚石油公司。1974年，为实现多样化经营，美孚石油公司收购了马可公司，并建立了控股公司美孚公司。1988年，美孚公司卖掉了马可公司的主要非石油股份，以便专注于石油业务。1999年，美孚石油公司与艾克森公司合并，成为艾克森美孚公司。这些步骤集中体现了美孚公司稳健发展和成功转型的战略。" + "美孚公司的发展经历了几个关键阶段。首先，它的前身为19世纪的两个石油公司，分别是威肯姆石油公司（成立于1866年）和纽约标准石油公司（成立于1882年）。这两个公司在1931年合并，建立了纽约标准威肯姆公司。随后，在1955年，公司名称变更为纽约美孚石油公司，然后在1966年进一步更名为美孚石油公司。1974年，为实现多样化经营，美孚石油公司收购了马可公司，并建立了控股公司美孚公司。1988年，美孚公司卖掉了马可公司的主要非石油股份，以便专注于石油业务。1999年，美孚石油公司与艾克森公司合并，成为艾克森美孚公司。这些步骤集中体现了美孚公司稳健发展和成功转型的战略。" ], [ "美孚公司的业务范围具体涉及哪些方面？", @@ -492534,7 +492534,7 @@ "history": [ [ "螯虾crayfish亦称crawfish或crawdad十足目五百多种甲壳动物，与龙虾近缘。多数产于北美洲，几乎全部生活在淡水中。常隐蔽在溪、湖的石块下，夜间活跃，主要捕食螺类、昆虫幼虫、蠕虫、蝌蚪，有的吃植物。头部与胸部愈合成头胸部，体分节，沙黄色、绿色或深褐色；额剑尖，眼位于可活动的眼柄上；外骨胳薄而坚韧；步足五对，第一对末端成钳状；一般长约75公分，也有25～40公分者。\n\n根据这段关于螯虾的信息，可以告诉我螯虾有多少种类吗？", - "你好，Human！根据这段信息，螯虾有五百多种甲壳动物。因为信息里提到：“螯虾亦称crawfish或crawdad，十足目五百多种甲壳动物”。所以我们可以知道有五百多种螯虾。" + "根据这段信息，螯虾有五百多种甲壳动物。因为信息里提到：“螯虾亦称crawfish或crawdad，十足目五百多种甲壳动物”。所以我们可以知道有五百多种螯虾。" ], [ "感谢回答！那螯虾生活在哪里呢？", @@ -492931,7 +492931,7 @@ "history": [ [ "伊莉莎白法尔内塞1692～1766年Elizabeth Farnese西班牙语作Isabella Farnese西班牙腓力五世的王妃。帕尔玛的法尔内塞家族成员。1714年成为腓力的第二任妻子，很快就取得权势驾驭其懦弱的丈夫。因为腓力前妻所生的两个儿子拥有继承权，她为她的孩子们，包括查理三世，谋求义大利属地。这一追求将西班牙卷入战争和阴谋活动中长达三十余年。不过，她选用了富有才干又忠心耿耿的大臣，推行有益的内部改革，改善西班牙的经济。1746年腓力死后，她停止施加任何实际影响。\n\n我想了解一下伊莉莎白法尔内塞与腓力五世的关系，以及她在西班牙的影响？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，伊莉莎白法尔内塞（Elizabeth Farnese）是西班牙国王腓力五世的王妃。她成为腓力的第二任妻子后，很快就取得了权势并驾驭着懦弱的丈夫。她在政治上的主要目标是为她的孩子们谋求权力和地位。在她的统治期间，她推行了许多内部改革，帮助改善了西班牙的经济状况。总之，她对西班牙的影响是深远且重要的。" + "根据提供的信息，伊莉莎白法尔内塞（Elizabeth Farnese）是西班牙国王腓力五世的王妃。她成为腓力的第二任妻子后，很快就取得了权势并驾驭着懦弱的丈夫。她在政治上的主要目标是为她的孩子们谋求权力和地位。在她的统治期间，她推行了许多内部改革，帮助改善了西班牙的经济状况。总之，她对西班牙的影响是深远且重要的。" ], [ "她为了自己的孩子所进行的属地争夺涉及哪些方面？这对西班牙造成了什么影响？", @@ -493007,7 +493007,7 @@ "history": [ [ "国有森林national forest, US为保护水源、木材、野生动物、鱼类以及其他可更新的资源，并提供公众娱乐休闲的地区，而把一些林区置于联邦政府的监督管理之下。1990年代中期，在美国四十个州以及波多黎各，这样的林区数目达155个，占地面积911,700平方公里，由美国农业部森林管理局管辖。它们是在1891年作为森林保护系统而设立的，1907年更名为国有森林。亦请参阅Pinchot, Gifford。\n\n你好。请问国有森林相对于其他森林有什么特殊的地方呢？", - "你好，Human！国有森林（National Forest）是美国政府为保护水源、木材、野生动物、鱼类以及其他可更新资源，并提供公众娱乐休闲的地区而划分的特殊林区。这些林区被置于联邦政府的监督管理之下，以确保这些资源的可持续利用。美国目前共有155个这样的林区，位于40个州和波多黎各，总面积达911,700平方公里。" + "国有森林（National Forest）是美国政府为保护水源、木材、野生动物、鱼类以及其他可更新资源，并提供公众娱乐休闲的地区而划分的特殊林区。这些林区被置于联邦政府的监督管理之下，以确保这些资源的可持续利用。美国目前共有155个这样的林区，位于40个州和波多黎各，总面积达911,700平方公里。" ], [ "国有森林是由哪个政府部门管理的？", @@ -493026,7 +493026,7 @@ "history": [ [ "潜热latent heat物质在温度不变的情况下改变物理状态，这个过程中吸收或释放的特征性能量的量。与固体熔化或液体凝固相联系的潜热为熔解热。与液体汽化或蒸汽凝结相关的潜热是汽化的热。例如，当水达到沸点并保持沸腾时，它会保持这个温度，直到所有的水都蒸发光为止；所有加进水的热量都被吸收为汽化的潜热，被逃逸的蒸汽分子带走了。\n\n我想了解一下潜热这个概念，能简单地介绍一下吗？", - "你好，Human！潜热是指在物质的温度保持不变的过程中，物质在相态发生变化时吸收或释放的能量。有两种典型的潜热：熔解热和汽化热。熔解热是固体熔化或液体凝固时的潜热。汽化热是液体汽化或蒸汽凝结时的潜热。以水为例，当水达到沸点时并保持沸腾，直至全部蒸发，这个过程中吸收的热量都转化为了汽化潜热并被蒸气分子带走。" + "潜热是指在物质的温度保持不变的过程中，物质在相态发生变化时吸收或释放的能量。有两种典型的潜热：熔解热和汽化热。熔解热是固体熔化或液体凝固时的潜热。汽化热是液体汽化或蒸汽凝结时的潜热。以水为例，当水达到沸点时并保持沸腾，直至全部蒸发，这个过程中吸收的热量都转化为了汽化潜热并被蒸气分子带走。" ], [ "英文信息里提到的“latent heat”，直接翻译过来会不会有什么差异？意译会不会更好？", @@ -493228,7 +493228,7 @@ "history": [ [ "假面哑剧mumming play亦作mummers' play一种至今仍流行于在英格兰和北爱尔兰少数村庄的传统戏剧式娱乐，剧中一位得胜者在战斗中被杀死，而接着被一位医生救活。假面哑剧很可能与为农业年中的重要阶段举行的原始仪式有关。其名字与咕哝（mumble）、哑巴（mute）以及意为「面具」的非英语词相关。假面哑剧演员本来是一帮带面具的人，他们在欧洲的冬季节日里上街游行，并进入住宅中跳舞或默默地玩掷骰子游戏。\n\n你好，请问你了解假面哑剧行走在英格兰和北爱尔兰的村庄里的那种传统戏剧式娱乐吗？", - "你好，Human！是的，我了解你所说的这种传统戏剧式娱乐，它叫做假面哑剧（mumming play），也叫做mummers' play。这种表演形式起源很久远，至今仍在英格兰和北爱尔兰的一些村庄流行。它很可能与为农业年中的重要阶段举行的原始仪式有关。剧中一个角色在战斗中被杀，接着被一名医生救活。" + "是的，我了解你所说的这种传统戏剧式娱乐，它叫做假面哑剧（mumming play），也叫做mummers' play。这种表演形式起源很久远，至今仍在英格兰和北爱尔兰的一些村庄流行。它很可能与为农业年中的重要阶段举行的原始仪式有关。剧中一个角色在战斗中被杀，接着被一名医生救活。" ], [ "假面哑剧这个名字是怎么来的？", @@ -493559,7 +493559,7 @@ "history": [ [ "左派left政治科学用语，指政治光谱偏向社会主义（socialism）的派别。这个名词源自1790年代法国革命时期的国会席次安排，当时社会主义代表都坐在主席的左侧。那些自诩为左派的集结者，在政治、社会及经济生活方面，都主张扩大民权及民主，并且认为社会福利是政府最重要的施政目标。现代自由主义（liberalism）会渐变为社会主义，是世界大部分国家左派的标准意识形态；至于共产主义（communism），则是较激进而严格的左派意识形态。\n\n请问左派政治的起源是什么？", - "你好，Human！左派政治起源于1790年代的法国革命时期，当时国会议会的席次安排，社会主义倾向的代表们都坐在主席的左侧，因此形成了左派这个称谓。这些左派支持者主张扩大民权和民主，认为社会福利是政府最重要的施政目标。" + "左派政治起源于1790年代的法国革命时期，当时国会议会的席次安排，社会主义倾向的代表们都坐在主席的左侧，因此形成了左派这个称谓。这些左派支持者主张扩大民权和民主，认为社会福利是政府最重要的施政目标。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答。请问现代自由主义和社会主义有什么关联？", @@ -493860,7 +493860,7 @@ "history": [ [ "丛林狼coyote犬科美洲种动物，学名为Canis latrans，分布范围从阿拉斯加经整个美国大陆向南到哥斯大黎加。体型较其他狼瘦小，肩高约60公分，体重9～23公斤，身长1～13公尺（包括30～40公分长的尾巴）。毛长而粗糙，背面灰黄色，腹面灰白色，腿部带红色；尾蓬松，尖端黑色。主要以啮齿动物和野兔为食，有时也吃其他动物、植物和腐肉。因偶尔捕食家畜和猎物而造成一定危害，这种危害被大大地夸大，因而遭到人类残杀。仅管如此，丛林狼仍能适应人类的环境，包括人口稠密的郊区。易与家犬杂交，后代称为科伊狗（coydog）。\n\n你好，请问你对丛林狼这种动物有哪些了解？", - "你好，Human！丛林狼（coyote）是犬科美洲种动物，学名为Canis latrans。它们广泛分布于北美洲，从阿拉斯加经整个美国大陆向南，一直到哥斯达黎加。丛林狼的体型较其他狼瘦小，肩高约60公分，体重在9～23公斤之间，身长包括尾巴在1～1.3公尺。它们的毛发长而粗糙，背面呈灰黄色，腹面灰白色，腿部带有红色，而尾巴则蓬松，尖端为黑色。丛林狼的食物来源主要包括啮齿动物和野兔，有时候也会吃其他动物、植物和腐肉。" + "丛林狼（coyote）是犬科美洲种动物，学名为Canis latrans。它们广泛分布于北美洲，从阿拉斯加经整个美国大陆向南，一直到哥斯达黎加。丛林狼的体型较其他狼瘦小，肩高约60公分，体重在9～23公斤之间，身长包括尾巴在1～1.3公尺。它们的毛发长而粗糙，背面呈灰黄色，腹面灰白色，腿部带有红色，而尾巴则蓬松，尖端为黑色。丛林狼的食物来源主要包括啮齿动物和野兔，有时候也会吃其他动物、植物和腐肉。" ], [ "听说丛林狼有时会给家畜造成伤害，为什么会这样？", @@ -494131,7 +494131,7 @@ "history": [ [ "形变和流变deformation and flow在物理学中，形变是物体在机械力的作用下，形状或尺寸的变化；流变是物体受力过程中发生的形变连续变化。在正常情况下气体和液体能相当自由地流动，而固体则受力时发生形变。大多数固体最初发生弹性形变（参阅elasticity），而像金属、混凝土或岩石等刚性材料能承受大的力而形变却很小。但若施加的力足够大，这些材料还是有其弹性的临界点，脆性材料会突然断裂，而韧性材料会透过内部结构的重排来适应施加的外力，这一结果即是塑性形变（参阅plasticity）。\n\n请问形变和流变具体是如何在物理学中被定义的？", - "你好，Human！在物理学中，形变是指物体在机械力的作用下发生的形状或尺寸的变化。流变则是物体在受力过程中形变连续变化的现象。通常情况下，气体和液体能够比较自由地流动，而固体则在受力时发生形变。根据上文对这两个概念的描述，形变关注的是物体受力时的形状变化，而流变关注的是物体形状在受力下连续变化的过程。" + "在物理学中，形变是指物体在机械力的作用下发生的形状或尺寸的变化。流变则是物体在受力过程中形变连续变化的现象。通常情况下，气体和液体能够比较自由地流动，而固体则在受力时发生形变。根据上文对这两个概念的描述，形变关注的是物体受力时的形状变化，而流变关注的是物体形状在受力下连续变化的过程。" ], [ "那么弹性和塑性形变有什么区别呢？", @@ -494192,7 +494192,7 @@ "history": [ [ "吉里1365～1424?年Jili, al-伊斯兰教神秘主义者。关于他的生平无据可查，尽管传说他在1387年曾经访问过印度，还在叶门学习过（1393～1403）。他受到伊本阿拉比的影响，发展了他的「完人」学说，反映在他的着作《学贯始终的完人》中。他断言道德完美的个人可以与真主融为一体，穆罕默德和其他的先知们已经体验了这种神人合一，故而成为一个通道，整个社会都能通过这个通道来享受与神的接触。\n\n我想了解一下吉里（Jili，al-），他是伊斯兰教的神秘主义者。能告诉我关于他的详细生平信息吗？", - "你好，Human！关于吉里的生平，现有的信息非常有限。据传闻，他生活在1365到1424年之间，但确切的生卒年无法确定。关于他的经历，传说他在1387年访问过印度，还在叶门学习过，时间大约为1393至1403年。尽管详细的生平资料缺乏，但我们可以通过他的作品和理念去了解他的思想内容。" + "关于吉里的生平，现有的信息非常有限。据传闻，他生活在1365到1424年之间，但确切的生卒年无法确定。关于他的经历，传说他在1387年访问过印度，还在叶门学习过，时间大约为1393至1403年。尽管详细的生平资料缺乏，但我们可以通过他的作品和理念去了解他的思想内容。" ], [ "那么吉里受到了哪些人或思想的影响呢？", @@ -494276,7 +494276,7 @@ "history": [ [ "阿加纳Agana美国无建制海外领地关岛（Guam）的首府（1990年人口约1,100）。临该岛西岸的阿加纳湾（Agana Bay）。1940年居民曾多达一万人，第二次世界大战中被毁坏殆尽，战后人口成长缓慢。古迹有拉条石公园（Latte Stone Park，有史前拉条石文化建筑的石柱）。\n\n请问阿加纳（Agana）是哪个国家的首府？", - "你好，Human！阿加纳是美国无建制海外领地关岛（Guam）的首府。关岛是美国的一个海外领地，位于太平洋西部地区。" + "阿加纳是美国无建制海外领地关岛（Guam）的首府。关岛是美国的一个海外领地，位于太平洋西部地区。" ], [ "阿加纳的人口有多少？", @@ -494379,7 +494379,7 @@ "history": [ [ "血浆plasma血液除去血球和血小板后的液体部分（包含溶解其中的化学物质）。人血浆为草黄色，其功能有作为血液运输的介质、帮助维持血压、分配身体热能和保持血液和身体的酸碱值平衡。含有90%以上的水，7%的蛋白质和少量其他物质（代谢后的废物）。重要的血浆蛋白有白蛋白、凝血因子和球蛋白（包括γ球蛋白和刺激红血球生成的激素）。血清为血液凝固后所剩液体部分。\n\n你好，我想了解下人体血浆的颜色和功能，请告诉我一些相关信息。", - "你好，Human！人体血浆是草黄色的液体。它的主要功能包括：作为血液运输的介质，帮助维持血压，分配身体热能，以及保持血液和身体的酸碱值平衡。血浆主要含有90%以上的水，7%的蛋白质和少量其他物质（代谢后的废物）。希望这些信息能帮助你了解血浆的基本情况。" + "人体血浆是草黄色的液体。它的主要功能包括：作为血液运输的介质，帮助维持血压，分配身体热能，以及保持血液和身体的酸碱值平衡。血浆主要含有90%以上的水，7%的蛋白质和少量其他物质（代谢后的废物）。希望这些信息能帮助你了解血浆的基本情况。" ], [ "谢谢你的解释，请继续告诉我关于血浆中的蛋白质，有哪些主要的类型和功能？", @@ -494643,7 +494643,7 @@ "history": [ [ "芒代尔1885～1944年Mandel, Georges原名Louis-Georges Rothschild法国政治领袖。生于富裕的犹太家庭，1906～1909及1917～1920年担任总理克里蒙梭的私人幕僚，1919～1924和1928～1940年任国民议会议员，1934～1940年在内阁任职。担任内政大臣时（1940）支持雷诺（P Reynaud）总理拒绝接受德国停战的主张。1940年被捕，先后监禁于法国和德国，1944年被送回巴黎，后被维琪政府的警察头子下令枪决。\n\n请问Georges Mandel是哪个国家的政治领袖？", - "你好，Human！根据您提供的信息，Georges Mandel，原名Louis-Georges Rothschild，是法国的政治领袖。他生活在20世纪初至中叶，活跃于法国政坛，并在政府各级部门担任过重要职务。这样能解答您关于Georges Mandel国籍的疑问吗？" + "根据您提供的信息，Georges Mandel，原名Louis-Georges Rothschild，是法国的政治领袖。他生活在20世纪初至中叶，活跃于法国政坛，并在政府各级部门担任过重要职务。这样能解答您关于Georges Mandel国籍的疑问吗？" ], [ "谢谢解答，他的家庭背景是怎样的？", @@ -495123,7 +495123,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯退丁纽斯1900～1949年Stettinius, Edward Reilly, Jr美国实业家和政治家。曾为通用汽车公司工作，1931年任该公司副总经理。1934年进入美国钢铁公司，1938年任该公司董事长。1939～1940年任战争资源委员会主席，1941～1943年任租赁管理的负责人。1944～1945年为美国国务卿，在雅尔达会议上担任罗斯福总统的顾问。他率领美国代表团到联合国，组织旧金山的会议，是美国驻联合国首任代表。\n\n我想请教一下关于一个名叫斯退丁纽斯的美国实业家和政治家的信息，你了解他的事迹吗？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，我可以给你介绍一下斯退丁纽斯（Edward Reilly Stettinius, Jr.）的生平。他活跃于1900～1949年期间，是美国的一名实业家和政治家。他曾在通用汽车公司工作，1931年晋升为副总经理。后来，1934年他进入美国钢铁公司，并在1938年成为该公司的董事长。在1939～1940年间，他担任战争资源委员会主席，1941～1943年担任租赁管理负责人。最后，他在1944～1945年出任美国国务卿，成为了罗斯福总统的顾问，并在雅尔达会议上担任要职。他还率领美国代表团前往联合国，在旧金山组织会议，并担任美国在联合国的首任代表。" + "根据你提供的信息，我可以给你介绍一下斯退丁纽斯（Edward Reilly Stettinius, Jr.）的生平。他活跃于1900～1949年期间，是美国的一名实业家和政治家。他曾在通用汽车公司工作，1931年晋升为副总经理。后来，1934年他进入美国钢铁公司，并在1938年成为该公司的董事长。在1939～1940年间，他担任战争资源委员会主席，1941～1943年担任租赁管理负责人。最后，他在1944～1945年出任美国国务卿，成为了罗斯福总统的顾问，并在雅尔达会议上担任要职。他还率领美国代表团前往联合国，在旧金山组织会议，并担任美国在联合国的首任代表。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答，请问他是如何从通用汽车公司转到美国钢铁公司的？", @@ -495682,7 +495682,7 @@ "history": [ [ "西方电气公司Western Electric Co Inc美国电信器材制造商。1869年格雷（E Gray）和巴顿（E N Barton）创立。1872年改组成西方电气制造公司，总部设在芝加哥，制造一系列新发明的产品，包括了世界上最早的商业用打字机和白炽灯。1881年贝尔电话公司购入西方电气制造公司的控制股权，翌年，改组为西方电气公司成为贝尔体系的一部分（参阅AT&T Corporation）。成为主要的电话设备和通讯卫星的制造商，此外，还生产雷达和火箭系统。1983年美国电话电报公司被分成数个单独的子公司，但西方电气的商标仍被继续使用。它的工厂被美国电话电报技术公司所接管。\n\n请问美国的西方电气公司是何时成立的，由谁创建？", - "你好，Human！美国西方电气公司（Western Electric Co Inc）成立于1869年，由Elisha Gray和Enos N. Barton创立。" + "美国西方电气公司（Western Electric Co Inc）成立于1869年，由Elisha Gray和Enos N. Barton创立。" ], [ "能介绍一下西方电气公司最初制造的一些产品吗？", @@ -495739,7 +495739,7 @@ "history": [ [ "艾塞克斯伯爵第三1591～1646年Essex, 3rd Earl of原名Robert Devereux英国陆军中校。艾塞克斯伯爵二世之子。1620年从军，为查理一世指挥军队，直到查理的王位被长期国会（Long Parliament）废除为止（1640）。英国内战爆发，他开始指挥国会军。1642年在埃奇希尔战役（Battle of Edgehill）中勇猛杀敌。1643年他向伦敦进军。1644年8月他的6,000名将士在康瓦耳郡洛斯特威西尔（Lostwithiel）被包围，全军投降，艾塞克斯只身从海上逃走。1645年辞去军队指挥权。\n\n你好，请问艾塞克斯伯爵第三的全名是什么？", - "你好，Human！艾塞克斯伯爵第三的全名是Robert Devereux。他是英国陆军中校，艾塞克斯伯爵二世之子，生活在1591年至1646年间。" + "艾塞克斯伯爵第三的全名是Robert Devereux。他是英国陆军中校，艾塞克斯伯爵二世之子，生活在1591年至1646年间。" ], [ "请问他在哪一年加入军队的？", @@ -495766,7 +495766,7 @@ "history": [ [ "库丘林Cú Chulainn亦作Cuchulain古爱尔兰盖尔语文学中阿尔斯特故事的中心人物和忠于康纳尔麦克内萨（Conchobar mac Nessa）的最伟大的战士。为卢古斯（Lugus）神与康纳尔的姐妹的儿子，幼年时代即以身材魁梧、相貌俊秀并有武功而闻名。他每只手有七个手指，每只脚有七个脚趾，每只眼有七个瞳孔。《夺牛长征记》中记载，他十七岁时单枪匹马与康诺特（Connaught）的善战王后梅德布（Medb）的军队格斗，保卫了阿尔斯特。\n\n你好，请问库丘林是谁？", - "你好，Human！库丘林（Cú Chulainn），又作Cuchulain，是古爱尔兰盖尔语文学中阿尔斯特（Ulster）故事的中心人物和康纳尔麦克内萨（Conchobar mac Nessa）的最伟大的战士。他是卢古斯（Lugus）神和康纳尔的姐妹的儿子。从小，库丘林以身材魁梧、相貌俊秀和武艺出众而知名。" + "库丘林（Cú Chulainn），又作Cuchulain，是古爱尔兰盖尔语文学中阿尔斯特（Ulster）故事的中心人物和康纳尔麦克内萨（Conchobar mac Nessa）的最伟大的战士。他是卢古斯（Lugus）神和康纳尔的姐妹的儿子。从小，库丘林以身材魁梧、相貌俊秀和武艺出众而知名。" ], [ "他有什么特殊的身体特征？", @@ -495785,7 +495785,7 @@ { "instruction": "霍勒里思1860～1929年Hollerith, Herman美国发明家。就学于明尼苏达州哥伦比亚大学，后来参与1880年的美国人口普查。到1890年人口普查时，他发明了记录统计资料的机器，用电学方法阅读并整理打孔的卡片。有了这种机器后，只用了1880年普查的1/3时间就得出了普查结果。1896年成立列表机公司（Tabulating Machine Co），后来成为IBM公司。他发明的用机电方法来传感和打孔的设备，成为日后电脑输入／输出单元的先驱。\n\n你好，请问霍勒里思是谁？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human。霍勒里思，全名Herman Hollerith，是一位美国发明家。他曾就读于明尼苏达州的哥伦比亚大学，后来参与了1880年的美国人口普查。在1890年的人口普查时，他发明了一种记录统计资料的机器，使用电学方法阅读并整理打孔卡片。这个发明大大缩短了普查结果的统计时间。后来，他在1896年创建了列表机公司（Tabulating Machine Co），这家公司最终发展成为现在的IBM公司。霍勒里思发明的设备被认为是后来电脑输入/输出单元的先驱。", + "output": "霍勒里思，全名Herman Hollerith，是一位美国发明家。他曾就读于明尼苏达州的哥伦比亚大学，后来参与了1880年的美国人口普查。在1890年的人口普查时，他发明了一种记录统计资料的机器，使用电学方法阅读并整理打孔卡片。这个发明大大缩短了普查结果的统计时间。后来，他在1896年创建了列表机公司（Tabulating Machine Co），这家公司最终发展成为现在的IBM公司。霍勒里思发明的设备被认为是后来电脑输入/输出单元的先驱。", "history": [] }, { @@ -496321,7 +496321,7 @@ "history": [ [ "抗原antigen一种外来物质，当其进入体内时，能附着于淋巴球（lymphocyte）表面而引发特定免疫反应（参阅immunity）。淋巴球被活化后，能制造抗体或直接攻击抗原；此种能够引发免疫反应的抗原，我们称之为免疫原。几乎所有的外来大分子皆可做为抗原，如细菌、病毒、原虫、蠕虫、食物、蛇毒、蛋白、血清、红血球，以及包括人类在内的各种生物细胞的各个组成即是。抗原上面存在一或数个可与淋巴球表面接受体结合的部位，称之为抗原决定部位，当抗原决定部位与淋巴球表面接受体结合后，可以活化淋巴球，使其开始分裂繁殖或引发一系列免疫反应如制造抗体和活化杀手细胞等以对抗抗原之侵入。\n\n能简单解释一下什么是抗原吗？", - "你好，Human！抗原是一种外来物质，当它进入体内时，能引发特定免疫反应。它们主要包括细菌、病毒、原虫、蠕虫、食物、蛇毒、蛋白、血清、红血球等。当抗原进入我们的体内后，它的特定部位（称为抗原决定部位）能与淋巴球表面的接受体结合，从而激活免疫系统并引发相应的免疫反应，如制造抗体、活化杀手细胞等，以对抗侵入的抗原。" + "抗原是一种外来物质，当它进入体内时，能引发特定免疫反应。它们主要包括细菌、病毒、原虫、蠕虫、食物、蛇毒、蛋白、血清、红血球等。当抗原进入我们的体内后，它的特定部位（称为抗原决定部位）能与淋巴球表面的接受体结合，从而激活免疫系统并引发相应的免疫反应，如制造抗体、活化杀手细胞等，以对抗侵入的抗原。" ], [ "有什么样的物质会被称为免疫原呢？", @@ -496359,7 +496359,7 @@ "history": [ [ "狄斯可disco1970年代中期兴起的舞蹈音乐风格，其特色是催眠的节奏、重复的歌词，以电子形式产生声音。其名取自狄斯可舞厅（discotheque），这是一类舞蹈取向的夜总会，最早出现于1960年代。狄斯可最初被广播电台忽略，反而在以唱片音乐节目主持人（DJ）为重的地下俱乐部中获得初露头角的机会，DJ是狄斯可的一个主要创造力，有助于热门单曲地位的确立，鼓励人们注重单曲，为迎合俱乐部DJ的特殊需要，衍生出一种生产每分钟45转、长时间播放的单曲唱片之全新次工业。重要的艺人有唐娜桑玛、「时髦」和「比吉斯」创造了许多畅销曲，随着电影《周末的狂热》（1977）的上演达到另一高峰。1980年狄斯可迅速没落，但对流行音乐仍有其影响力，特别是它连续的电子节拍。\n\n请问Disco是什么样的音乐风格？", - "你好，Human！Disco（狄斯可）是一种起源于1970年代中期的舞蹈音乐风格。它的主要特征是催眠般的节奏、具有较高重复性的歌词和以电子形式产生的声音。最初，Disco在广播电台并不受重视，而是通过DJ在地下俱乐部中开始崛起。DJ在Disco音乐的发展中发挥了重要作用，他们热衷于创作热门单曲，还推动了一种新的音乐工业——生产每分钟45转、长时间播放的单曲唱片。这种音乐风格在1980年代迅速衰落，但其对流行音乐的影响一直存在，尤其是其连续的电子节拍。" + "Disco（狄斯可）是一种起源于1970年代中期的舞蹈音乐风格。它的主要特征是催眠般的节奏、具有较高重复性的歌词和以电子形式产生的声音。最初，Disco在广播电台并不受重视，而是通过DJ在地下俱乐部中开始崛起。DJ在Disco音乐的发展中发挥了重要作用，他们热衷于创作热门单曲，还推动了一种新的音乐工业——生产每分钟45转、长时间播放的单曲唱片。这种音乐风格在1980年代迅速衰落，但其对流行音乐的影响一直存在，尤其是其连续的电子节拍。" ], [ "Disco这个词的来源是什么呢？", @@ -496504,7 +496504,7 @@ "history": [ [ "大西洋诸语言Atlantic languages旧称西大西洋诸语言（West Atlantic languages）尼日－刚果语系的语支，包含了通行于非洲西部的四十多种语言。其中使用最广的是富拉尼语，估计整个西非有一千八百万人使用此语。\n\n请问大西洋诸语言是什么？", - "你好，Human。大西洋诸语言，旧称西大西洋诸语言，是尼日-刚果语系的一个语支。它包含了通行于非洲西部的四十多种语言。这些语言在非洲西部的很多国家和地区有人使用。" + "大西洋诸语言，旧称西大西洋诸语言，是尼日-刚果语系的一个语支。它包含了通行于非洲西部的四十多种语言。这些语言在非洲西部的很多国家和地区有人使用。" ], [ "能不能给我介绍一下大西洋诸语言中最广泛使用的语言？", @@ -496798,7 +496798,7 @@ "history": [ [ "德鲁苏斯日尔曼尼库斯前38～西元前9年Drusus Germanicus, Nero Claudius古罗马将军，皇帝提比略之弟。西元前11年成为行政长官，西元前9年任执政官。曾与提比略一道出征两个阿尔卑斯山部落。西元前13年被任命为高卢三省总督。西元前12年率远征军进入日耳曼，三年后抵达易北河。西元前9年不慎坠马受伤，不久去世。其子克劳狄后来成为皇帝。\n\n你好，请问德鲁苏斯日尔曼尼库斯是在哪个时期的人？", - "你好，Human！德鲁苏斯日尔曼尼库斯活动于公元前38年至公元前9年的时期。他是古罗马时期的一位将军，也是皇帝提比略的弟弟。如您有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" + "德鲁苏斯日尔曼尼库斯活动于公元前38年至公元前9年的时期。他是古罗马时期的一位将军，也是皇帝提比略的弟弟。如您有其他问题，请随时告诉我。" ], [ "德鲁苏斯日尔曼尼库斯在公元前11年和公元前9年分别担任了什么职位呢？", @@ -496821,7 +496821,7 @@ "history": [ [ "生长轮growth ring木本植物茎干横切面上一个生长期内木质部的增长量。在温带地区生长期通常为一年，故生长轮可称为「年轮」。在热带地区的年轮可能不明显或非一年轮。即使在热带地区的生长轮也偶见缺失，一年内偶可出现第二个轮--「假轮」（如因昆虫引起落叶时）。不过，曾利用年轮推算古代的，特别是美国西南部干旱地区印第安人木质建筑的年代；根据年轮间宽度的变动还可了解古代气候的变化。\n\n你好，请问生长轮是什么？", - "你好，Human。生长轮，又称年轮，是木本植物茎干横切面上一个生长期内木质部的增长量。在温带地区，生长期通常为一年，因此生长轮可以被称为年轮。而在热带地区，年轮可能不明显或非一年轮。生长轮可以帮助我们了解植物的生长情况和所处环境的气候变化。" + "生长轮，又称年轮，是木本植物茎干横切面上一个生长期内木质部的增长量。在温带地区，生长期通常为一年，因此生长轮可以被称为年轮。而在热带地区，年轮可能不明显或非一年轮。生长轮可以帮助我们了解植物的生长情况和所处环境的气候变化。" ], [ "生长轮是如何形成的？", @@ -497000,7 +497000,7 @@ "history": [ [ "瓦渥1903～1966年Waugh, Evelyn (Arthur St John)英国作家，被认为是当时最优秀的讽刺小说家。曾在牛津大学求学并担任过学校教师。后热衷于独自旅行考察和写小说，很快便因讥讽的妙语和出众的技巧而远近闻名。1939年以前瓦渥的作品多为讽刺性的，以《衰落与瓦解》（1928）、《邪恶的肉体》（1930）、《黑色恶作剧》（1932）、《一抔土》（1934）、《独家新闻》（1938）和《爱人》（1948）较有价值。第二次世界大战后过着退休的生活，且越来越保守和不愿与人往来。晚期的作品有《旧地重游》（1945）、《荣誉之剑》三部曲--《武装的人》（1952）、《军官与绅士》（1955）和《无条件投降》（1961），剖析了世界大战的性质，特别是涉及世界大战和善与恶之间的永恒斗争，以及它和文明与野蛮之间的短暂斗争的关系。\n\n请问你能给我简介一下瓦渥这个人吗？", - "你好，Human！瓦渥（1903-1966年），全名Evelyn Arthur St John Waugh，是一位英国作家。他被认为是当时最优秀的讽刺小说家之一。瓦渥曾在牛津大学求学，并担任过学校教师。后来，他热衷于独自旅行考察和写小说，因为其中充满讥讽的妙语和出众的技巧，使得他远近闻名。他的作品在第二次世界大战前主要具有讽刺性，如《衰落与瓦解》、《邪恶的肉体》、《黑色恶作剧》等。战后，瓦渥过着退休式的生活，越来越保守和不愿与人往来；他的晚期作品包括《旧地重游》和“荣誉之剑”三部曲等，这些作品主要剖析了世界大战的性质，特别是揭示战争中善与恶之间的永恒斗争，以及文明与野蛮的关系。" + "瓦渥（1903-1966年），全名Evelyn Arthur St John Waugh，是一位英国作家。他被认为是当时最优秀的讽刺小说家之一。瓦渥曾在牛津大学求学，并担任过学校教师。后来，他热衷于独自旅行考察和写小说，因为其中充满讥讽的妙语和出众的技巧，使得他远近闻名。他的作品在第二次世界大战前主要具有讽刺性，如《衰落与瓦解》、《邪恶的肉体》、《黑色恶作剧》等。战后，瓦渥过着退休式的生活，越来越保守和不愿与人往来；他的晚期作品包括《旧地重游》和“荣誉之剑”三部曲等，这些作品主要剖析了世界大战的性质，特别是揭示战争中善与恶之间的永恒斗争，以及文明与野蛮的关系。" ], [ "谢谢回答。那么，《衰落与瓦解》是瓦渥创作的哪一部作品？", @@ -497019,7 +497019,7 @@ "history": [ [ "科科斯群岛Cocos Islands亦称基林群岛（Keeling Islands）。印度洋东部的澳大利亚海外领地，位于爪哇西南部930公里处。由两组孤悬的珊瑚环礁组成，南环礁包括二十六个小岛，北环礁只有北基林岛，陆地总面积144平方公里。1609年被威廉基林发现，1826年始有移民。1857年英国宣布群岛为其属地，1878年科科斯群岛置于锡兰总督属下。1903年划归英属新加坡。最后在1955年划归澳大利亚。1984年4月居民投票决定并入澳大利亚。人口约600（1995）。\n\n请问科科斯群岛是在哪个区域，距离爪哇有多远？", - "你好，Human！科科斯群岛（Cocos Islands），也叫基林群岛（Keeling Islands），位于印度洋东部的澳大利亚海外领地。它们距离爪哇岛的西南部约930公里。这个位置让它相对独立于其他岛屿。" + "科科斯群岛（Cocos Islands），也叫基林群岛（Keeling Islands），位于印度洋东部的澳大利亚海外领地。它们距离爪哇岛的西南部约930公里。这个位置让它相对独立于其他岛屿。" ], [ "科科斯群岛是由哪些岛屿组成的？", @@ -497403,7 +497403,7 @@ { "instruction": "飞扶垛flying buttress石造建筑结构，从墙的上部延伸的半拱（飞）承重倾斜横杠往远端的支柱，并承受拱顶的推力。尖柱（金字塔形或圆锥形的垂直装饰）通常在柱顶，增加重量与稳定性。飞扶垛在哥德时代从早期较简单隐藏的支撑发展出来。此设计增加扶垛的支撑力，并产生典型的高天花板的哥德式建筑。\n\n请问飞扶垛这种石造建筑结构在建筑历史上的主要影响是什么？", "input": "", - "output": "你好，Human！飞扶垛是一种独特的石造建筑结构，起源于哥特时代，具有很大的建筑意义。它从墙的上部延伸的半拱形状，通过承重横杠连接到远端的支柱上，从而承受拱顶的推力。这种设计使建筑物更加稳定，同时使得哥特式建筑的高天花板成为可能。因此，飞扶垛在建筑历史上起到了重要的推动作用，它促使了哥特式建筑的繁荣，并影响了后世的建筑设计。", + "output": "飞扶垛是一种独特的石造建筑结构，起源于哥特时代，具有很大的建筑意义。它从墙的上部延伸的半拱形状，通过承重横杠连接到远端的支柱上，从而承受拱顶的推力。这种设计使建筑物更加稳定，同时使得哥特式建筑的高天花板成为可能。因此，飞扶垛在建筑历史上起到了重要的推动作用，它促使了哥特式建筑的繁荣，并影响了后世的建筑设计。", "history": [] }, { @@ -497714,7 +497714,7 @@ "history": [ [ "苏格兰的圣玛格丽特1045?～1093年Margaret of Scotland, St苏格兰的保护圣徒。她是埃德加的妹妹，同马尔科姆三世结婚，他们的三个儿子继承了苏格兰的王位。她曾修建寺院、为公正而作出努力、提高穷人的生活环境并劝服马尔科姆三世实行教会性质的改革使苏格兰宗教和文化生活发生了转变。\n\n关于苏格兰的圣玛格丽特，她具体是何时出生的呢？", - "你好，Human。根据您提供的信息，圣玛格丽特（Margaret of Scotland，St）是苏格兰的保护圣徒，出生在1045年左右。不过，由于记录有限，具体的出生时间仍存在一定的不确定性。" + "根据您提供的信息，圣玛格丽特（Margaret of Scotland，St）是苏格兰的保护圣徒，出生在1045年左右。不过，由于记录有限，具体的出生时间仍存在一定的不确定性。" ], [ "她的家庭背景是怎样的？她和马尔科姆三世是如何结合的呢？", @@ -497874,11 +497874,11 @@ { "instruction": "谢谢你的帮助，我现在对毒素了解得更多了。", "input": "", - "output": "不客气，Human！很高兴能帮助你了解毒素和一些关联问题。如果你还有其他问题，随时欢迎提问，我会尽我所能为你解答。祝你生活愉快！", + "output": "不客气！很高兴能帮助你了解毒素和一些关联问题。如果你还有其他问题，随时欢迎提问，我会尽我所能为你解答。祝你生活愉快！", "history": [ [ "毒素toxin任何能对生物体产生毒害的物质。但「毒素」一词常常仅指由活的生物体产生的毒物。除由细菌、腰鞭毛虫和海藻等微生物产生的毒素外，还有一些毒素存在于真菌（真菌毒素；参阅aflatoxin，mushroom poisoning）、高等植物（植物毒素）和动物体（动物园毒素，或动物毒液）中。这些植物包括茄属植物，毒芹、洋地黄、槲寄生和毒葛。许多植物毒素（比如除虫菊酯、毒芹、洋地黄、槲寄生和毒葛）能保护产生它们的植物不受动物（尤其是昆虫）或真菌的侵害。在动物中也有许多类似的防御性分泌物，或广泛分布全身，或集中于某些组织，此时常有某种传输体系（如刺或毒牙）。蜘蛛和蛇一类的动物用毒液来捕食，也常用毒液来进行防御。许多通常的食用鱼和贝类吃了有毒植物或海藻后本身变成有毒。亦请参阅antidote、food poisoning。\n\n我想了解一下毒素，可以帮我解释一下毒素是什么吗？", - "你好，Human！毒素是任何能对生物体产生毒害的物质。通常情况下，这个词经常指的是由活的生物体产生的毒物。毒素可以分为细菌、腰鞭毛虫和海藻等微生物产生的毒素，真菌产生的毒素，高等植物产生的植物毒素和动物体产生的动物毒素。生物体通过产生毒素来抵御外在威胁，如动物或真菌的侵害。" + "毒素是任何能对生物体产生毒害的物质。通常情况下，这个词经常指的是由活的生物体产生的毒物。毒素可以分为细菌、腰鞭毛虫和海藻等微生物产生的毒素，真菌产生的毒素，高等植物产生的植物毒素和动物体产生的动物毒素。生物体通过产生毒素来抵御外在威胁，如动物或真菌的侵害。" ], [ "那真菌、植物和动物中哪些是产生毒素的典型代表呢？", @@ -498740,7 +498740,7 @@ "history": [ [ "药物drug指能够影响生物功能的化学物质，可供治疗、诊断和预防疾病用。常用药包括有抗生素、兴奋剂、安定剂、抗抑郁药、镇痛药、麻醉性镇痛药、荷尔蒙和各种特定用途药，如轻泻药、强心剂、抗凝血药、利尿剂和抗组织胺药。疫苗有时也被视为一种药物。医学药物的作用有︰可保护以对抗入侵的有机体（或杀死它们、或中止其复制，或阻断其对宿主的影响）；补充体内缺少的物质或将之排出体外；干扰一项不正常的程序。药物的使用法有口服、肛门塞剂、皮下注射、肌肉注射、静脉注射和吸入等。已知最古老的药典是西元前1700年古巴比伦尼亚的一块石碑；1928年抗生素的发明象征了现代药物时代的来临。今日，多数药物是由化学法合成，也有许多重要药物（如许多抗生素和疫苗）是由植物、动物、矿物和微生物中萃取纯化而得。使用药物不止要其反应也要安全；副作用的程度可从轻微到危险（参阅medicinal poisoning）。许多违禁药物也可以用于医学上（参阅cocaine、heroin和drug addiction）。亦请参阅drug resistance、pharmacology、pharmacy。\n\n关于药物，我想了解草药和化学合成的药物有什么区别与联系？", - "你好Human！从上面的信息我们可以了解到，药物可以分为从植物、动物、矿物和微生物中提取的天然药物和利用化学方法合成的药物。草药属于天然药物，它们在植物中可以自然分布，具有治疗作用。而化学合成药物指通过化学反应制得的药物。两者的根本区别在于药物来源。草药是从植物中提取的，而化学合成药物则是人工合成的。然而，这两类药物具有相互联系的，因为很多化学合成药物的发现和研究源于对草药的研究。当发现植物中具有治疗功效的成分后，科学家们会进行相应的结构与性质分析，然后模仿或改进结构，通过化学方法制得新的药物。所以草药和化学合成药物在很多情况下可以互相补充和发展。" + "从上面的信息我们可以了解到，药物可以分为从植物、动物、矿物和微生物中提取的天然药物和利用化学方法合成的药物。草药属于天然药物，它们在植物中可以自然分布，具有治疗作用。而化学合成药物指通过化学反应制得的药物。两者的根本区别在于药物来源。草药是从植物中提取的，而化学合成药物则是人工合成的。然而，这两类药物具有相互联系的，因为很多化学合成药物的发现和研究源于对草药的研究。当发现植物中具有治疗功效的成分后，科学家们会进行相应的结构与性质分析，然后模仿或改进结构，通过化学方法制得新的药物。所以草药和化学合成药物在很多情况下可以互相补充和发展。" ], [ "那你能给我举一个草药和化学合成药产生联系的例子吗？", @@ -498931,7 +498931,7 @@ "history": [ [ "奥维德前43～西元17年Ovid拉丁语全名Publius Ovidius Naso罗马诗人。他是罗马骑士阶级的成员，做过小官，但不久即弃职致力于诗歌，早期诗作《恋歌》、《列女志》、《论容饰》、《爱的艺术》和《爱的医疗》的共同主题是情爱和情爱的勾引，反映了当时社会的繁华、机巧和对声色犬马的追逐。奥维德在当时诗人中的地位稳固之后，便着手写作规模更为宏大的《变形记》，它集神话传说之大成，叙述各种变形的故事。《岁时记》记载罗马年历及其宗教节日。其诗作由于对古典神话作了富于想像力的阐释以及作为技巧成就卓绝的范例而产生巨大影响。西元8年，不明原因，遭奥古斯都放逐至黑海之滨，并在流放地死去。自传诗《哀伤》描述了他的生活。到了文艺复兴时期，奥维德的声誉日隆。他的古典诗对莎士比亚的影响很大。\n\n你好，请问奥维德是哪个时期的诗人，他的全名是什么？", - "你好，Human！奥维德是公元前43年至公元17年的罗马诗人，他的拉丁语全名是Publius Ovidius Naso。" + "奥维德是公元前43年至公元17年的罗马诗人，他的拉丁语全名是Publius Ovidius Naso。" ], [ "谢谢解答。那他主要有哪些诗作，有哪些共同特点呢？", @@ -499044,7 +499044,7 @@ "history": [ [ "松藻属Codium或译海松属。海生绿藻的一个属，常见于岩岸的深水坑中。藻体呈丝状，分枝多，常交织形成天鹅绒般的假原植体，长达30公分以上。雄配子小，具双鞭毛，有1～2粒叶绿体；雌配子较大，叶绿体多。松藻是一些海参的美食。\n\n我想了解一下松藻。它们生活在怎样的环境中？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，松藻是一种海生绿藻，它们常出现在岩岸的深水坑中。在这样的环境里，松藻能够茁壮成长，藻体呈丝状，分枝丰富，常交织形成类似天鹅绒的假原植体，长度可达30公分以上。这种特殊的生活环境为松藻提供了充足的湿度和阳光，使其成为岩石深水坑的坚守者。" + "根据提供的信息，松藻是一种海生绿藻，它们常出现在岩岸的深水坑中。在这样的环境里，松藻能够茁壮成长，藻体呈丝状，分枝丰富，常交织形成类似天鹅绒的假原植体，长度可达30公分以上。这种特殊的生活环境为松藻提供了充足的湿度和阳光，使其成为岩石深水坑的坚守者。" ], [ "松藻的生殖方式是怎样的？它们有什么特别之处吗？", @@ -499426,7 +499426,7 @@ "history": [ [ "艾瑟尔湖IJsselmeer英语作Lake Ijssel荷兰中北部的浅淡水湖。其引入艾瑟尔河河水，在须德海南部筑堤而成，堤坝使它与瓦登海、北海隔开。因排水开垦计画使荷兰增加了1,620平方公里的土地，湖水面积（3,440平方公里）已缩小。水闸可调节湖水，从艾瑟尔河引入的淡水已取代以前的含盐湖水，也建立了鳗鱼养殖业。\n\n你好，我想了解一下荷兰的艾瑟尔湖，这个湖是怎么形成的？", - "你好，Human！荷兰的艾瑟尔湖（IJsselmeer），也被称为Lake Ijssel，是荷兰中北部一个浅淡水湖。它是通过在须德海南部筑堤引入艾瑟尔河河水而形成的。筑堤项目使艾瑟尔湖与瓦登海和北海分离开来。通过这个水利工程，荷兰成功增加了1,620平方公里的土地，同时湖泊的水面积从原来的3,440平方公里有所缩小。" + "荷兰的艾瑟尔湖（IJsselmeer），也被称为Lake Ijssel，是荷兰中北部一个浅淡水湖。它是通过在须德海南部筑堤引入艾瑟尔河河水而形成的。筑堤项目使艾瑟尔湖与瓦登海和北海分离开来。通过这个水利工程，荷兰成功增加了1,620平方公里的土地，同时湖泊的水面积从原来的3,440平方公里有所缩小。" ], [ "那艾瑟尔湖里的水质怎么样？为什么会建立起鳗鱼养殖业？", @@ -499532,7 +499532,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海桐花科pittosporum海桐花科海桐花属常绿灌木或乔木，主要分布于澳大利亚和纽西兰，平常亦被称为澳大利亚月桂。尤其是在温暖地区栽培作为观赏植物。最受欢迎、质地最坚硬的种类，即海桐花（Pittosporum tobira），原产于中国和日本，是温暖地区常见的芳香围篱植物，在其他地区则为好看的室内植物。\n\n请问海桐花属植物的特征和用途是什么？", - "你好，Human！海桐花属植物是海桐花科下的常绿灌木或乔木，主要分布于澳大利亚和纽西兰，也被称为澳大利亚月桂。它们尤其在温暖地区受到欢迎，通常会被用作观赏植物。举个例子，海桐花（Pittosporum tobira）原产于中国和日本，它有芳香特点，经常用作围篱植物。对于生活在较寒冷地区的人来说，海桐花也可以作为室内观赏植物。" + "海桐花属植物是海桐花科下的常绿灌木或乔木，主要分布于澳大利亚和纽西兰，也被称为澳大利亚月桂。它们尤其在温暖地区受到欢迎，通常会被用作观赏植物。举个例子，海桐花（Pittosporum tobira）原产于中国和日本，它有芳香特点，经常用作围篱植物。对于生活在较寒冷地区的人来说，海桐花也可以作为室内观赏植物。" ], [ "海桐花属的分布区域有哪些？", @@ -499774,7 +499774,7 @@ "history": [ [ "史迪威1883～1946年Stilwell, Joseph W(arren)美国陆军将领。毕业于西点军校，参加过第一次世界大战。他学习过中文，曾在天津服役（1926～1929），在北平任武官（1935～1939）。第二次世界大战爆发时，蒋介石聘他为参谋长，命其指挥中国军队在缅甸作战（1939～1942）。他后来指挥美军在中国、缅甸和印度作战，还监督利多公路（亦称史迪威公路）的修建，这条公路是连接缅甸公路的军事要道。1944年升任将军，指挥美国第十军在太平洋作战（1945～1946）。\n\n你好，请问你能帮我了解一下美国陆军将领史迪威的背景和经历吗？", - "你好，Human！当然，很高兴为你介绍美国陆军将领史迪威（Joseph W. Stilwell）的相关信息。史迪威生活在1883-1946年，他毕业于著名的西点军校并参加过第一次世界大战。在职业生涯中，史迪威学习过中文，并曾在中国天津（1926-1929）服役以及在北平（现北京，1935-1939）任武官。第二次世界大战爆发时，国民党领导人蒋介石邀请他担任参谋长，并命令他在缅甸战场上指挥中国军队（1939-1942）。随后，他负责指挥美军在中国、缅甸和印度的战斗，同时还监督了利多公路（亦称史迪威公路）的修建。利多公路是连接缅甸公路的重要军事要道。在1944年，史迪威晋升为将军，指挥美国第十军在太平洋作战（1945-1946）。" + "当然，很高兴为你介绍美国陆军将领史迪威（Joseph W. Stilwell）的相关信息。史迪威生活在1883-1946年，他毕业于著名的西点军校并参加过第一次世界大战。在职业生涯中，史迪威学习过中文，并曾在中国天津（1926-1929）服役以及在北平（现北京，1935-1939）任武官。第二次世界大战爆发时，国民党领导人蒋介石邀请他担任参谋长，并命令他在缅甸战场上指挥中国军队（1939-1942）。随后，他负责指挥美军在中国、缅甸和印度的战斗，同时还监督了利多公路（亦称史迪威公路）的修建。利多公路是连接缅甸公路的重要军事要道。在1944年，史迪威晋升为将军，指挥美国第十军在太平洋作战（1945-1946）。" ], [ "哇，还挺了解中文的呀！他曾在北平任武官，那他在中国服役的期间，他有哪些成就？", @@ -500102,7 +500102,7 @@ "history": [ [ "史波尼克Sputnik苏联发射的一系列人造地球卫星，标志着太空时代的开始。「史波尼克1号」是第一枚由人类发射的人造卫星（1957年10月），1958年初坠入地球大气层而陨落。「史波尼克2号」载了一只狗来卡（Laika），这是第一只进入太空、绕地球飞行的生物。但由于在设计该卫星时并未考虑让其能维持生命，所以来卡没能在飞行过程中存活下来。以后又发射了八枚类似的卫星，用各种动物进行试验，以检测生命维持系统，也试验了重返大气层的程式，并提供有关太空温度、压力、粒子、辐射和磁场等资料。\n\n关于史波尼克1号的发射日期是什么时候？", - "你好，Human。史波尼克1号是第一枚由人类发射的人造卫星，它的发射日期是1957年10月。这个事件标志着太空时代的开始。" + "史波尼克1号是第一枚由人类发射的人造卫星，它的发射日期是1957年10月。这个事件标志着太空时代的开始。" ], [ "史波尼克2号有什么特别之处吗？", @@ -500396,7 +500396,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鹤望兰bird-of-paradise flower亦称crane flower学名Strelitzia reginae。旅人蕉科观赏植物。鹤望兰属共有五种，原产非洲南部。鹤望兰花大，艳丽，有两枚直立而尖的花瓣，雄蕊五枚。有一舟形苞片，绿色带红边。有许多长茎的橙色和明蓝色花朵，每朵花都像鹤的冠和喙，所以给它取了这个通用的名字。\n\n你好，请问鹤望兰这种植物的学名是什么？", - "你好，Human！ 鹤望兰的学名是Strelitzia reginae。" + " 鹤望兰的学名是Strelitzia reginae。" ], [ "鹤望兰属一共有几种？", @@ -500427,7 +500427,7 @@ "history": [ [ "白垩纪Cretaceous period距今约144亿～066亿年前的地质年代，是中生代最后的纪。在欧洲许多地方，白垩是该纪特征岩石，白垩纪由此而得名。当时大范围的海侵使各大陆的低地广泛覆以细粒海洋沈积，加上环太平洋和阿尔卑斯地槽发生造山运动，火山喷发和岩浆侵入，造成有利于燃料生成的沼泽环境，世界各地许多重要石油、天然气和煤田均出自白垩系及上覆的第三系，并形成许多金属矿藏。白垩纪的气候比现在温暖。海生无脊椎动物继续繁盛并向前演化，硬骨鱼类蓬勃发展而居主导地位。在陆地上，被子植物（显花植物）有惊人的发展，取得主导地位；昆虫，特别是蜂类，开始与被子植物共同繁盛；而哺乳类和鸟类在整个白垩纪都不太显着。这个时期，恐龙的演化已达到巅峰，发展出各种食性类别，却在白垩纪末突然绝灭，成为地质学和古生物学上一个不解之谜。\n\n白垩纪是什么时期，它有什么特点？", - "你好，Human。白垩纪是中生代最后的纪，距今约144亿到066亿年前。这个时期的特点包括：广泛的海侵，导致细粒海洋沉积；环太平洋和阿尔卑斯造山运动，火山喷发和岩浆侵入，形成沼泽环境；石油、天然气、煤田和金属矿产的广泛分布；气候相对较暖；无脊椎海生动物、硬骨鱼类繁盛；被子植物显花植物发展迅速；昆虫与被子植物共同繁荣，特别是蜂类昆虫；以及哺乳类和鸟类相对较少的演化。白垩纪的最大特点是恐龙的演化达到顶峰，但在白垩纪末突然灭绝，形成一个谜团。" + "白垩纪是中生代最后的纪，距今约144亿到066亿年前。这个时期的特点包括：广泛的海侵，导致细粒海洋沉积；环太平洋和阿尔卑斯造山运动，火山喷发和岩浆侵入，形成沼泽环境；石油、天然气、煤田和金属矿产的广泛分布；气候相对较暖；无脊椎海生动物、硬骨鱼类繁盛；被子植物显花植物发展迅速；昆虫与被子植物共同繁荣，特别是蜂类昆虫；以及哺乳类和鸟类相对较少的演化。白垩纪的最大特点是恐龙的演化达到顶峰，但在白垩纪末突然灭绝，形成一个谜团。" ], [ "白垩纪为什么叫这个名字呢？", @@ -500839,7 +500839,7 @@ "history": [ [ "埃德加Edgar the Aetheling卒于西元1125?年盎格鲁－撒克逊王子。在哈斯丁斯战役（1066）中被指定为英格兰国王，但他却为诺曼人国王征服者威廉一世（William I the Conqueror）和威廉二世（William II）效力。支持埃德加的叛乱一直持续至1069年。1086年埃德加率诺曼军前去征服义大利阿普利亚（Apulia）。威廉二世时期，他被剥夺了其诺曼领地（1091）。1097年在威廉的示意下，他推翻了对诺曼人不怀好意的苏格兰国王唐纳德贝恩（Donald Bane）。埃德加之后在与亨利一世（Henry I）的王位争夺战中失利。\n\n你好，请问埃德加在1066年的哈斯廷斯战役中是否真的被指定为英格兰国王？", - "你好，Human！根据提供的信息，是的，埃德加被指定为英格兰国王。然而，他并没有成功成为国王，因为后来诺曼人国王征服者威廉一世（William I the Conqueror）及其继任者威廉二世（William II）统治了英格兰。尽管如此，埃德加仍然受到一部分人的支持，并参与了多次叛乱。" + "根据提供的信息，是的，埃德加被指定为英格兰国王。然而，他并没有成功成为国王，因为后来诺曼人国王征服者威廉一世（William I the Conqueror）及其继任者威廉二世（William II）统治了英格兰。尽管如此，埃德加仍然受到一部分人的支持，并参与了多次叛乱。" ], [ "请告诉我一下，埃德加在哪些叛乱中与诺曼人抵抗？", @@ -500866,7 +500866,7 @@ "history": [ [ "往世书Purana《往世书》是印度神话、传说和世系源流类百科全书，有五个传统主题：宇宙起源、轮回再造、神灵和圣人的世系源流、伟大时代以及王朝历史。《往世书》的历史可追溯到西元400年到1000年，全书采用叙事对句诗体裁。现存的十八个主要故事按照它们赞扬的是毗湿奴、湿婆还是梵天来分类。最受欢迎的是《薄伽梵往世书》，记述了黑天的早年生活。\n\n我想了解一下往世书Purana《往世书》的起源时间以及它们的主要内容。", - "你好，Human！很高兴能帮助你了解往世书Purana《往世书》。《往世书》的历史可以追溯到公元400年到1000年，它是印度神话、传说和世系源流类的百科全书。它的传统主题有五个：宇宙起源、轮回再造、神灵和圣人的世系源流、伟大时代以及王朝历史。这些故事可以让我们更好地了解印度神话和历史背景的情况。" + "很高兴能帮助你了解往世书Purana《往世书》。《往世书》的历史可以追溯到公元400年到1000年，它是印度神话、传说和世系源流类的百科全书。它的传统主题有五个：宇宙起源、轮回再造、神灵和圣人的世系源流、伟大时代以及王朝历史。这些故事可以让我们更好地了解印度神话和历史背景的情况。" ], [ "谢谢。这些往世书是如何分类的呢？", @@ -500908,7 +500908,7 @@ "history": [ [ "生物化学biochemistry研究发生在植物、动物、微生物体内的化学物质和反应过程的学科领域。主要的研究领域是：一、从定量和结构分析的角度，对两大类有机化合物进行研究，一类是构成细胞基本成分的有机化合物（如蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪）；另一类是在生命活动中重要的化学反应中起关键作用的化合物（如核酸、维生素和激素等）。二、研究细胞的许多复杂和彼此关联的化学变化，如合成蛋白质及其所有前端物质的化学反应、食物转换成能量（参阅metabolism）、遗传特征的传递（参阅heredity）、能量的贮存和释放以及所有受到催化（参阅catalysis和enzyme）的生物化学反应等。生物化学是生物科学和物理科学的交叉科学，使用许多在医学和生理学上用的技术，还使用有机化学、分析化学和物理化学的技术。\n\n根据以上信息，我想了解一下生物化学的主要研究领域有哪些？", - "你好，Human！生物化学的主要研究领域有两个方面：第一个方面是从定量和结构分析的角度，对两大类有机化合物进行研究。这里的两大类有机化合物分别是构成细胞基本成分的有机化合物（如蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪）和在生命活动中重要的化学反应中起关键作用的化合物（如核酸、维生素和激素等）。第二个方面是研究细胞内许多复杂和彼此关联的化学变化，如合成蛋白质及其所有前端物质的化学反应、食物转换成能量（参阅代谢）、遗传特征的传递（参阅遗传）、能量的贮存和释放以及所有受到催化（参阅催化和酶）的生物化学反应等。生物化学综合了生物科学和物理科学的知识，运用了许多医学和生理学的技术，同时还包括有机化学、分析化学和物理化学的技术。" + "生物化学的主要研究领域有两个方面：第一个方面是从定量和结构分析的角度，对两大类有机化合物进行研究。这里的两大类有机化合物分别是构成细胞基本成分的有机化合物（如蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪）和在生命活动中重要的化学反应中起关键作用的化合物（如核酸、维生素和激素等）。第二个方面是研究细胞内许多复杂和彼此关联的化学变化，如合成蛋白质及其所有前端物质的化学反应、食物转换成能量（参阅代谢）、遗传特征的传递（参阅遗传）、能量的贮存和释放以及所有受到催化（参阅催化和酶）的生物化学反应等。生物化学综合了生物科学和物理科学的知识，运用了许多医学和生理学的技术，同时还包括有机化学、分析化学和物理化学的技术。" ], [ "谢谢你的解答！那么生物化学在医学方面有哪些应用呢？", @@ -501019,7 +501019,7 @@ "history": [ [ "卡梅伦1799～1889年Cameron, Simon美国政治人物。只受过很少正规教育，经商致富，然后进入参议院，当议员十八年（1845～1849、1857～1861、1867～1877）。林肯当选总统后，于1861年任命他为陆军部长，但很快的便因滥用私人而下台。\n\n请问你了解美国政治人物卡梅伦（Simon Cameron）的生平和事迹吗？", - "你好，Human！关于卡梅伦（Simon Cameron）的信息，他是一位美国政治人物，出生于1799年，逝世于1889年。卡梅伦只受过很少的正规教育，通过经商致富，后来进入美国参议院，担任议员十八年，分别是在1845-1849年，1857-1861年以及1867-1877年。林肯当选美国总统后，在1861年任命卡梅伦为陆冪部长，但因滥用私人关系很快便下台。" + "关于卡梅伦（Simon Cameron）的信息，他是一位美国政治人物，出生于1799年，逝世于1889年。卡梅伦只受过很少的正规教育，通过经商致富，后来进入美国参议院，担任议员十八年，分别是在1845-1849年，1857-1861年以及1867-1877年。林肯当选美国总统后，在1861年任命卡梅伦为陆冪部长，但因滥用私人关系很快便下台。" ], [ "那卡梅伦在商业上的成就有哪些？", @@ -501428,7 +501428,7 @@ "history": [ [ "勿忘我forget-me-not紫草科勿忘草属约50种植物。原产于欧亚大陆、北美温带及旧大陆热带山区，有些种栽作庭园花卉以观赏其蓝色花。林地勿忘我（M sylvatica）和其他大多数种类一样，花色会随成熟程度由粉红色渐变为蓝色，花冠管状，裂片5枚。\n\n请问勿忘我这种植物的原产地是哪里？", - "你好，Human！勿忘我（forget-me-not），属于紫草科勿忘草属的植物，它们原产于欧亚大陆、北美温带以及旧大陆热带山区。这些地区的气候和环境适合勿忘我的生长。" + "勿忘我（forget-me-not），属于紫草科勿忘草属的植物，它们原产于欧亚大陆、北美温带以及旧大陆热带山区。这些地区的气候和环境适合勿忘我的生长。" ], [ "勿忘我是观赏植物吗？有什么特别之处？", @@ -501489,7 +501489,7 @@ "history": [ [ "貂marten鼬科貂属几种栖居森林中的食肉动物的统称。各品种的大小和毛色各异，但在总体比例上都与鼬相似，而且它们的毛皮都是很有价值的。它们的总长为50～100公分；重可达1～25公斤或更重。貂都单独猎食，以小动物、果实和腐肉为食。北美北部美洲貂（M americana）的毛皮有时称紫貂皮出售。其他的品种包括欧洲和中亚的松貂、林貂或甜貂（M martes）以及南亚的黄喉貂或蜜狗（M flavigula），因它爱吃甜食而得名。亦请参阅fisher、polecat。\n\n请根据给定信息，告诉我关于貂的一些信息，包括它们的生活习性和分布范围。", - "你好，Human！很高兴为您提供关于貂的信息。貂是鼬科貂属的几种栖居在森林中的食肉动物的统称。它们的大小和毛色各异，总体比例与鼬相似。貂的毛皮非常有价值。貂的体长一般在50至100厘米之间，重量范围为1至25公斤，甚至更重。它们主要以小动物、果实和腐肉为食，且习惯单独猎食。\n\n根据给定的信息，貂的种类包括北美北部美洲貂（M americana）、欧洲和中亚的松貂、林貂或甜貂（M martes）、以及南亚的黄喉貂或蜜狗（M flavigula）。北美北部美洲貂的毛皮有时称为紫貂皮出售。而黄喉貂因喜欢吃甜食而得名蜜狗。希望这些信息对您有所帮助。" + "很高兴为您提供关于貂的信息。貂是鼬科貂属的几种栖居在森林中的食肉动物的统称。它们的大小和毛色各异，总体比例与鼬相似。貂的毛皮非常有价值。貂的体长一般在50至100厘米之间，重量范围为1至25公斤，甚至更重。它们主要以小动物、果实和腐肉为食，且习惯单独猎食。\n\n根据给定的信息，貂的种类包括北美北部美洲貂（M americana）、欧洲和中亚的松貂、林貂或甜貂（M martes）、以及南亚的黄喉貂或蜜狗（M flavigula）。北美北部美洲貂的毛皮有时称为紫貂皮出售。而黄喉貂因喜欢吃甜食而得名蜜狗。希望这些信息对您有所帮助。" ], [ "谢谢。那么貂的毛皮价值高是因为什么呢？", @@ -501641,7 +501641,7 @@ "history": [ [ "克里赞德尔1826～1901年Chrysander, (Karl Franz) Friedrich德国音乐历史学家和评论家。早年是私人教师，但对音乐有强烈兴趣，曾从事作曲和音乐评论及研究。1853年出版关于神剧与民歌的论文。与斯皮塔和阿德勒为19世纪音乐学的先驱。写有大量有关18、19世纪作曲家和范围广泛的有关音乐的随笔和文章，但最伟大的计画是完成韩德尔传记的第一、二卷，他从1858年就开始撰写，一直到1894年。\n\n你好，请问克里赞德尔是哪个国家的音乐历史学家？", - "你好，Human！克里赞德尔（Chrysander）全名(Karl Franz) Friedrich，是19世纪德国的音乐历史学家和评论家。他在音乐评论和研究方面有着杰出的成就，被誉为音乐学的先驱之一。" + "克里赞德尔（Chrysander）全名(Karl Franz) Friedrich，是19世纪德国的音乐历史学家和评论家。他在音乐评论和研究方面有着杰出的成就，被誉为音乐学的先驱之一。" ], [ "他在音乐领域的兴趣开始于什么时候？", @@ -501737,7 +501737,7 @@ "history": [ [ "海尔赛1882～1959年Halsey, William F(rederick), Jr别名Bull Halsey美国海军司令官。毕业于马里兰州美国海军学院，第一次世界大战时指挥一驱逐舰，后成为海军飞行员，1940年晋陞为舰队副司令。日本偷袭珍珠港时，他的舰队正在海上；成为数个月以来唯一出现在太平洋上的美国舰队，他指挥对日本占领的马绍尔群岛、吉伯特群岛进行奇袭。领导航空母舰的重要人物，他因大胆、想像力丰富的战术而出名。身为太平洋部队和南太平洋地区司令，在瓜达尔卡纳尔海战击败日本。1944年任第三舰队司令，率航空母舰特遣队执行空中打击任务。在莱特湾战役中，他掩护和支援美军陆上作战，搜捕和消灭日本的舰队。1945年12月晋陞海军五星上将。1947年退休。\n\n你好，请问你能告诉我海尔赛是谁吗？", - "你好，Human！海尔赛（William F. Halsey，1882-1959年）是美国历史上一位著名的海军司令官。他在马里兰州美国海军学院毕业后，参加了第一次世界大战。在日本偷袭珍珠港时，他成功地进行了对马绍尔群岛、吉伯特群岛的奇袭。他还指挥了瓜达尔卡纳尔海战并击败了日军。后来，他成为了第三舰队司令并在莱特湾战役中支援美军陆上作战，搜捕和消灭日本的舰队。他因为大胆、富有想象力的战术而出名。" + "海尔赛（William F. Halsey，1882-1959年）是美国历史上一位著名的海军司令官。他在马里兰州美国海军学院毕业后，参加了第一次世界大战。在日本偷袭珍珠港时，他成功地进行了对马绍尔群岛、吉伯特群岛的奇袭。他还指挥了瓜达尔卡纳尔海战并击败了日军。后来，他成为了第三舰队司令并在莱特湾战役中支援美军陆上作战，搜捕和消灭日本的舰队。他因为大胆、富有想象力的战术而出名。" ], [ "那么，海尔赛在第一次世界大战期间负责指挥什么？", @@ -502046,7 +502046,7 @@ "history": [ [ "纽约大学New York University (NYU)纽约市的私立大学，成立于1831年。纽约大学包括十三所学校、学院以及在曼哈顿区六个主要中心的分校。教学计画中包括艺术和科学、研究生课程、商学、公共管理、教育、保健、护理、医学、牙医、法律、社会工作和美术。1972年组织的加拉亭分校提供新颖研究课程的学位。学生总人数约30,000。\n\n我对纽约大学感兴趣，请告诉我它成立于哪一年？", - "你好，Human！纽约大学（NYU）成立于1831年。这是一所位于纽约市的私立大学，拥有悠久的历史。如果你还有关于纽约大学的其他问题，欢迎随时提问。" + "纽约大学（NYU）成立于1831年。这是一所位于纽约市的私立大学，拥有悠久的历史。如果你还有关于纽约大学的其他问题，欢迎随时提问。" ], [ "纽约大学有多少个学校和学院？分校主要在哪个区？", @@ -502065,7 +502065,7 @@ "history": [ [ "审讯hearing在法律上即审理，尤其是指在法官面前依据国家的法律对案件进行正式的审问。按一般习惯，常常是指随着受理案件以后，经治安法官进行的正式诉讼程序－－特别是指预审，即治安法官或法官判定是否有充分的证据证明此案的诉讼是正当的。\n\n你好，请问在法律审讯中，预审的主要目的是什么？", - "你好，Human。根据描述，预审的主要目的是由治安法官或法官判定是否有充分的证据证明此案的诉讼是正当的。预审是正式诉讼程序的一部分，通过对案件的初步审查，可以确保案件符合法律要求，有足够的证据和理由进行进一步的审理和判决。" + "根据描述，预审的主要目的是由治安法官或法官判定是否有充分的证据证明此案的诉讼是正当的。预审是正式诉讼程序的一部分，通过对案件的初步审查，可以确保案件符合法律要求，有足够的证据和理由进行进一步的审理和判决。" ], [ "请问预审环节中，法官需要关注哪些方面的内容？", @@ -502122,7 +502122,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赫胥黎1887～1975年Huxley, Julian (Sorell)受封为Sir Julian英国生物学家、哲学家和作家。汤玛斯亨利赫胥黎之孙，阿尔道斯赫胥黎的兄长。他关于荷尔蒙、发育过程、鸟类学及生态学的研究影响到现代胚胎学、分类法、行为及演化研究的发展。他应用科学知识来解决社会和政治问题，订定了「人文主义的演化」这个伦理学的理论。他为一般大众写了许多着作，包括《生命科学》（1931；与威尔斯〔HG Wells〕合着）。他还是联合国教科文组织首任秘书长（1946～1975）。\n\n能告诉我赫胥黎家族的成员有哪些吗？", - "你好Human，根据你提供的信息，赫胥黎家族有很多杰出的成员，这里将提到有汤玛斯亨利赫胥黎（祖父）、朱利安·索雷尔·赫胥黎（孙子，Sir Julian Huxley）和阿尔道斯·赫胥黎（孙子，兄弟关系）。汤玛斯亨利赫胥黎是英国生物学家，朱利安·索雷尔·赫胥黎是英国生物学家、哲学家和作家，而阿尔道斯·赫胥黎则是著名的作家。这些赫胥黎家族成员在各自领域都有很高的成就。" + "根据你提供的信息，赫胥黎家族有很多杰出的成员，这里将提到有汤玛斯亨利赫胥黎（祖父）、朱利安·索雷尔·赫胥黎（孙子，Sir Julian Huxley）和阿尔道斯·赫胥黎（孙子，兄弟关系）。汤玛斯亨利赫胥黎是英国生物学家，朱利安·索雷尔·赫胥黎是英国生物学家、哲学家和作家，而阿尔道斯·赫胥黎则是著名的作家。这些赫胥黎家族成员在各自领域都有很高的成就。" ], [ "朱利安·赫胥黎的科学研究主要涉及哪些领域？", @@ -502175,7 +502175,7 @@ "history": [ [ "草皮turf园艺学中，指有浓密植被的土壤表层，通常是用作装饰或娱乐。这种草地包括肯塔基早熟禾、匍茎剪股颖、紫红羊茅和多年生黑麦草等受欢迎的凉爽季节型草，以及绊根草、结缕草类和圣奥古斯丁草等温暖季节型草。草皮通常被种植在草地、草泥和畜牧场。人们将草皮切成楔形、大方形、小方形或条形块，移植到预定地方并很快繁茂起来。草地是定期修剪并分布均匀的稠密、整齐的绿地，美化了宽阔的室外场地并提供运动场所（如网球、高尔夫球、滚木球以及赛马运动场地）。\n\n请问草皮turf园艺学中的植物种类有哪些？", - "你好，Human！草皮turf园艺学中常见的植物种类主要包括凉爽季节型草和温暖季节型草。凉爽季节型草有肯塔基早熟禾、匍茎剪股颖、紫红羊茅和多年生黑麦草等。而温暖季节型草则包括绊根草、结缕草类和圣奥古斯丁草等。这些草类种植在草地、草泥和畜牧场等区域，具有美化、装饰和娱乐的功能。" + "草皮turf园艺学中常见的植物种类主要包括凉爽季节型草和温暖季节型草。凉爽季节型草有肯塔基早熟禾、匍茎剪股颖、紫红羊茅和多年生黑麦草等。而温暖季节型草则包括绊根草、结缕草类和圣奥古斯丁草等。这些草类种植在草地、草泥和畜牧场等区域，具有美化、装饰和娱乐的功能。" ], [ "这些草皮一般怎么种植呢？", @@ -502296,7 +502296,7 @@ "output": "虽然多囊卵巢综合症的确切原因尚未完全清楚，但通过保持健康的生活方式来预防患病风险是一个有效方法。以下是一些建议：\n\n1. 保持健康的体重：体重管理对患有多囊卵巢综合症的女性来说非常重要，因为肥胖可能会导致内分泌失衡，加重病情。\n\n2. 均衡饮食：保证饮食营养均衡。多食用蔬菜、水果、全谷类和瘦肉，减少高糖和高热量食物的摄入，可降低得多囊卵巢综合症风险。\n\n3. 规律运动：增加锻炼可以帮助减轻体重，改善内分泌失衡，从而降低得病风险。\n\n4. 定期检查：对于具有家族遗传倾向的女性，定期进行妇科检查，以对疾病进行及时诊断和干预。\n\n请注意，这些建议仅供参考，更多具体的预防措施还需要听从专业医生的建议。", "history": [ [ - "多囊卵巢症候群polycystic ovary syndrome亦称斯坦因-利文撒尔二氏症候群（Stein-Leventhal syndrome）妇女内分泌疾病，因雄激素过高而阻碍了排卵（参阅reproductive system, human）。该疾病导致妇女不育。症状多样，常包括多毛症、粉刺和肥胖。可能会出现月经不调、闭经或月经过多。卵巢常会增大，且呈现囊肿。该疾病可能会在妇女要怀孕时才被发现。根本原因目前尚未完全清楚。治疗措施减少雄激素的分泌，不育可以用氯菧酚胺促使排卵或用腹腔镜检查。\n\n请问多囊卵巢综合症是什么？它和斯坦因-利文撒尔二氏症候群有什么关系？", + "多囊卵巢症候群polycystic ovary syndrome亦称斯坦因-利文撒尔二氏症候群（Stein-Leventhal syndrome）妇女内分泌疾病，因雄激素过高而阻碍了排卵（参阅reproductive system）。该疾病导致妇女不育。症状多样，常包括多毛症、粉刺和肥胖。可能会出现月经不调、闭经或月经过多。卵巢常会增大，且呈现囊肿。该疾病可能会在妇女要怀孕时才被发现。根本原因目前尚未完全清楚。治疗措施减少雄激素的分泌，不育可以用氯菧酚胺促使排卵或用腹腔镜检查。\n\n请问多囊卵巢综合症是什么？它和斯坦因-利文撒尔二氏症候群有什么关系？", "多囊卵巢综合症（Polycystic Ovary Syndrome，简称PCOS）是一种妇女内分泌疾病，其特点是雄激素过高阻碍了排卵。斯坦因-利文撒尔二氏症候群（Stein-Leventhal Syndrome）是多囊卵巢综合症的另一个名称，它们实际上是同一种疾病。症状多样，常包括多毛症、粉刺和肥胖。可能会出现月经不调、闭经或月经过多。患者的卵巢可能会增大并出现囊肿。当患者正面临怀孕的情况时，多囊卵巢综合症容易被发现，这是因为诊断过程可能暴露出不育的问题。" ], [ @@ -502724,7 +502724,7 @@ "history": [ [ "喷火式飞机Spitfire亦称Supermarine Spitfire英国在第二次世界大战中的战斗机。为一低翼单翼机，1936年首航，1938年服役于英国皇家空军。当时是最快的单座战斗军用机，在不列颠战役中发挥效能。机型修改后能用作战斗轰炸机和空中照相侦察机。1938年的机型具有每小时约580公里的最高速度，配有八挺77公厘机枪。喷火式XIV型飞机是战争中的最后机型之一，升限达12,200公尺，最高速度可达到每小时710公里。1954年自英国皇家空军退役。\n\n请问喷火式飞机Spitfire是什么时候首次亮相的？", - "你好，Human。喷火式飞机Spitfire首次亮相于1936年进行首航。这款飞机后来在第二次世界大战中起到了关键作用，特别是在不列颠战役中发挥了巨大的效能。" + "喷火式飞机Spitfire首次亮相于1936年进行首航。这款飞机后来在第二次世界大战中起到了关键作用，特别是在不列颠战役中发挥了巨大的效能。" ], [ "喷火式飞机Spitfire在英国皇家空军服役的时间是什么时候？", @@ -503231,7 +503231,7 @@ "history": [ [ "华盛顿邮报Washington Post, The美国华盛顿特区出版的晨报，是美国首都的主要报纸，并被公认为是美国最大的报纸之一，仅《纽约时报》能相媲美或超过之。该报作为民主党的四页机关报于1877年创立。1933年金融家梅尔买下该报社前，曾数次改变其经营方向和经营者，并且一直面临经济问题。在梅尔（至1946年）、菲利普葛兰姆（1946～1963）、凯萨琳葛兰姆（1963～1979）和唐纳德葛兰姆（1979年开始）领导下，逐渐取得国内和国际声誉，以扎实、独立的编辑立场及思维、正确的报导着称。\n\n你好，请问美国的华盛顿邮报和纽约时报有什么共同点和不同点？", - "你好，Human！华盛顿邮报和纽约时报都是美国非常著名的报纸，两者有很多共同点和不同点。首先，它们都是美国最大的报纸之一，极具影响力。但值得注意的是，华盛顿邮报主要出版于华盛顿特区，而纽约时报则主要出版于纽约。此外，华盛顿邮报起初是作为一份民主党的机关报创立的，而纽约时报则无特定政党倾向。它们之间的差异还可能表现在报道风格、新闻内容选择和读者群等方面。在具体报道中，两者都以扎实、独立的编辑立场和正确的报道著称，在国内外享有极高声誉。因此，尽管它们在某些方面存有差异，但在整体影响力和质量上都是相当可观的。" + "华盛顿邮报和纽约时报都是美国非常著名的报纸，两者有很多共同点和不同点。首先，它们都是美国最大的报纸之一，极具影响力。但值得注意的是，华盛顿邮报主要出版于华盛顿特区，而纽约时报则主要出版于纽约。此外，华盛顿邮报起初是作为一份民主党的机关报创立的，而纽约时报则无特定政党倾向。它们之间的差异还可能表现在报道风格、新闻内容选择和读者群等方面。在具体报道中，两者都以扎实、独立的编辑立场和正确的报道著称，在国内外享有极高声誉。因此，尽管它们在某些方面存有差异，但在整体影响力和质量上都是相当可观的。" ], [ "请简述华盛顿邮报的历史和发展过程。", @@ -503269,7 +503269,7 @@ "history": [ [ "马其诺防线Maginot Line1930年代法国在其东北部精心构筑的防线，以其主要倡导者马其诺的姓氏命名。该防线沿法、德边界修筑，是一条超现代的防御体系，以厚实的混凝土筑成，配备重机枪，有住宿区、供应仓库和地下铁道。然而这道防线到法、比边境便结束，因此德军在1940年5月绕过这道防线入侵比利时（5月10日），渡过索姆河，攻下防线北端（5月12日），使整个防线成为废物。\n\n你好，请你给我介绍一下马其诺防线的基本信息。", - "你好，Human！马其诺防线是1930年代法国在东北部边境精心构筑的一条防线，以主要倡导者马其诺的姓名氏命名。它是沿法国和德国边界修建的一条超现代的防御体系，具有厚实的混凝土建筑和重机枪防御设施。同时，它还有住宿区、供应仓库和地下铁道。然而这道防线只延伸到法、比边境，导致在1940年5月德军绕过这道防线入侵比利时，渡过索姆河，使整个防线失去意义。" + "马其诺防线是1930年代法国在东北部边境精心构筑的一条防线，以主要倡导者马其诺的姓名氏命名。它是沿法国和德国边界修建的一条超现代的防御体系，具有厚实的混凝土建筑和重机枪防御设施。同时，它还有住宿区、供应仓库和地下铁道。然而这道防线只延伸到法、比边境，导致在1940年5月德军绕过这道防线入侵比利时，渡过索姆河，使整个防线失去意义。" ], [ "马其诺防线为什么只修到法、比边境而没有覆盖整个边境线？", @@ -503448,7 +503448,7 @@ "history": [ [ "破坏圣像主张iconoclasm捣毁宗教雕像的主张。在基督教和伊斯兰教中，破坏圣像主张是根据《旧约》诫令，禁止制作与偶像崇拜有关的雕像。早期基督教教会也反对制作耶稣和圣人的肖像，但到了6世纪末时，在基督教崇拜中圣像已变得很普遍，捍卫圣像崇拜者强调圣像的象征意义。726年利奥三世反对崇拜圣像，导致圣像破坏之争，此争议在东方教会继续延烧了一个多世纪，直到圣像再度被接受为止。在西方教会中也常见到圣人和宗教人物的雕像和肖像，不过有些新教教派最后拒绝了崇拜圣像。伊斯兰教仍然禁止崇拜所有的圣像，破坏圣像主张在印度的穆斯林和印度人之间的冲突中扮演了重要角色。\n\n你好，我想了解一下破坏圣像主张这个概念，能简单给我解释一下吗？", - "你好，Human！破坏圣像主张，简称iconoclasm，指的是反对制作和崇拜宗教雕像的主张。在基督教和伊斯兰教中，破坏圣像主张是根据《旧约》中的诫令，禁止制作与偶像崇拜有关的雕像。该主张在两个宗教的历史中都有一定程度的影响。" + "破坏圣像主张，简称iconoclasm，指的是反对制作和崇拜宗教雕像的主张。在基督教和伊斯兰教中，破坏圣像主张是根据《旧约》中的诫令，禁止制作与偶像崇拜有关的雕像。该主张在两个宗教的历史中都有一定程度的影响。" ], [ "请详细谈谈破坏圣像主张在基督教历史上的演变和影响。", @@ -503631,7 +503631,7 @@ "history": [ [ "斯温西Swansea威尔斯语作Abertawe威尔斯南部海港。临布里斯托海峡，是威尔斯第二大城市。历史可追溯到12世纪，直到18世纪初一直是小市镇和煤港，此后稳定发展为工业中心，到19世纪中期已成为世界铜贸易中心。1941年市中心几乎全被德国人炸毁，后来重新发展。现在是威尔斯西南部主要的购物和服务中心。为诗人汤玛斯的出生地。\n\n请问你能简单介绍一下斯温西（Swansea）这个地方吗？", - "你好，Human。斯温西（Swansea）是威尔斯南部的一个海港城市，位于布里斯托海峡，它是威尔斯第二大城市。斯温西的历史可以追溯到12世纪，从一个小市镇和煤港逐渐发展成为一个工业中心。到了19世纪中期，它成为了世界铜贸易中心。虽然在1941年市中心几乎全被德国人炸毁，但后来得到了重新发展。如今，它是威尔斯西南部主要的购物和服务中心。此外，著名诗人迪伦·托马斯（Dylan Thomas）出生于斯温西。" + "斯温西（Swansea）是威尔斯南部的一个海港城市，位于布里斯托海峡，它是威尔斯第二大城市。斯温西的历史可以追溯到12世纪，从一个小市镇和煤港逐渐发展成为一个工业中心。到了19世纪中期，它成为了世界铜贸易中心。虽然在1941年市中心几乎全被德国人炸毁，但后来得到了重新发展。如今，它是威尔斯西南部主要的购物和服务中心。此外，著名诗人迪伦·托马斯（Dylan Thomas）出生于斯温西。" ], [ "感谢详细的介绍。请问斯温西是在哪个国家？", @@ -503860,7 +503860,7 @@ "history": [ [ "丁威迪1693～1770年Dinwiddie, Robert英国殖民地行政官员。原为商人，1727年进入英国政府工作。1739～1951年任美国南部岁收总监。在担任维吉尼亚州代理州长时，1753年委派华盛顿去宾夕法尼亚州西部劝告法国人离开俄亥俄州境，结果引起次年的一场小冲突，导致法国印第安人战争的爆发。丁威迪召募军队，由华盛顿指挥，保卫边境，并致信各殖民地官员争取殖民地之间的合作，后召开奥尔班尼会议。1758年回英国退休。\n\n请问丁威迪是在哪个时期活动的？", - "你好，Human！丁威迪活动的时期大约是在1693年至1770年之间。他是一位英国殖民地行政官员，曾担任维吉尼亚州代理州长等职务，并在法国印第安人战争期间发挥了重要作用。" + "丁威迪活动的时期大约是在1693年至1770年之间。他是一位英国殖民地行政官员，曾担任维吉尼亚州代理州长等职务，并在法国印第安人战争期间发挥了重要作用。" ], [ "那么，在担任维吉尼亚州代理州长期间，丁威迪具体做了哪些事情呢？", @@ -504913,7 +504913,7 @@ "history": [ [ "乐甫运河Love Canal美国纽约州尼加拉瀑布邻近地区，是美国史上因化学废弃物造成最严重的环境灾害的地方。原是一条废弃的运河，后成为垃圾场，1940年代和1950年代往里倾倒了近22,000公吨的化学废料。后来把这条运河填平了，在它上面建盖房子。1978年检测出渗漏进房子里的有毒化学物质，并发现居民中染色体遭到破坏的机率很高。撤离居民后，有1,300名旧有住户从倾倒废弃物的公司以及市政府那里得到两千万美元的安置费。1990年代初，纽约州结束了它的清理工作，宣布该地区的某些部分是安全的，可以居住。\n\n我在研究一个叫做乐甫运河（Love Canal）的地方，它是美国历史上一起非常严重的环境污染案例。请问你能介绍一下这个地方的概况吗？", - "你好，Human！根据你提供的信息，乐甫运河位于美国纽约州尼加拉瀑布附近，这个地方曾是一起由化学废弃物引发的严重环境灾害。初期它是一条废弃的运河，后来成为垃圾场，1940年代和1950年代期间，有近22,000公吨的化学废料被倾倒在此。后来，人们将这条运河填平，在它上面修建了房屋。然而，在1978年，检测到房屋内有毒化学物质漏出，而且当地居民的染色体可能遭受了破坏。在撤离居民后，有1,300名原住户得到了总额为两千万美元的赔偿。到了1990年代初，纽约州结束了清理工作，并宣布该地区的某些部分已恢复安全，可以供居住。" + "根据你提供的信息，乐甫运河位于美国纽约州尼加拉瀑布附近，这个地方曾是一起由化学废弃物引发的严重环境灾害。初期它是一条废弃的运河，后来成为垃圾场，1940年代和1950年代期间，有近22,000公吨的化学废料被倾倒在此。后来，人们将这条运河填平，在它上面修建了房屋。然而，在1978年，检测到房屋内有毒化学物质漏出，而且当地居民的染色体可能遭受了破坏。在撤离居民后，有1,300名原住户得到了总额为两千万美元的赔偿。到了1990年代初，纽约州结束了清理工作，并宣布该地区的某些部分已恢复安全，可以供居住。" ], [ "感谢你的介绍。但是，导致乐甫运河发生这样的污染事件的原因是什么呢？", @@ -505294,7 +505294,7 @@ "history": [ [ "昭圣者hierophant古希腊埃勒夫西斯秘密宗教仪式的主祭司，主要工作是神秘宗教庆典中呈上圣物，并对初入教者解释秘义。昭圣者必须出身尤摩尔浦斯氏族（埃勒夫西斯的原始氏族之一），通常都是年高德劭、声音宏亮的独身男子。就职时，要象征性地把原先的名字抛入海中，此后只称昭圣者。\n\n请问昭圣者hierophant在古希腊埃勒夫西斯秘密宗教仪式中的主要职责是什么？", - "你好，Human！昭圣者hierophant在古希腊埃勒夫西斯秘密宗教仪式中的主要职责有两个方面：一是在神秘宗教庆典中呈上圣物，这表明昭圣者在庆典中有很高的地位；二是对初入教者解释秘义，这意味着昭圣者需要具备丰富的知识和经验，以便向新教徒传授教义。" + "昭圣者hierophant在古希腊埃勒夫西斯秘密宗教仪式中的主要职责有两个方面：一是在神秘宗教庆典中呈上圣物，这表明昭圣者在庆典中有很高的地位；二是对初入教者解释秘义，这意味着昭圣者需要具备丰富的知识和经验，以便向新教徒传授教义。" ], [ "那昭圣者必须出身于什么样的家庭呢？", @@ -505682,7 +505682,7 @@ "history": [ [ "鼻病毒rhinovirus一群能引起人类普通感冒的小核糖核酸病毒的统称。鼻病毒被猜测是以空气中的微粒为介体传播到上呼吸道。由于感冒病毒数量众多，几乎不可能发展用以对抗的疫苗。亦请参阅adenovirus。\n\n你好，请问能简单向我解释一下什么是鼻病毒吗？", - "你好，Human！鼻病毒（rhinovirus）是一群能引起人类普通感冒的小核糖核酸病毒的统称。它们被认为是通过空气中的微粒传播到上呼吸道，从而导致感冒。由于感冒病毒种类繁多，很难研发针对所有鼻病毒的疫苗。这就是鼻病毒的基本概念。" + "鼻病毒（rhinovirus）是一群能引起人类普通感冒的小核糖核酸病毒的统称。它们被认为是通过空气中的微粒传播到上呼吸道，从而导致感冒。由于感冒病毒种类繁多，很难研发针对所有鼻病毒的疫苗。这就是鼻病毒的基本概念。" ], [ "那么鼻病毒和腺病毒有什么关联呢？", @@ -505979,7 +505979,7 @@ "history": [ [ "赣江Gan River亦拼作Kan River中国东南部的河流。赣江位于江西省，河川长度约为537哩（864公里），它向北流经鄱阳湖后，汇入长江（扬子江）。由于赣江是长江南侧的主要支流，因此赣江河谷在中国的传统历史上，是广州通往长江河谷及其以北的重要路线。\n\n你好，请问赣江是一条怎样的河流？", - "你好，Human！赣江是中国东南部的一条河流，位于江西省。它的总长度约为537哩（864公里）。赣江流向北方，最终通过鄱阳湖汇入长江（扬子江）。由于赣江是长江南侧的主要支流，它在中国传统历史上具有重要地位，是从广州通往长江河谷及其以北地区的重要通道。" + "赣江是中国东南部的一条河流，位于江西省。它的总长度约为537哩（864公里）。赣江流向北方，最终通过鄱阳湖汇入长江（扬子江）。由于赣江是长江南侧的主要支流，它在中国传统历史上具有重要地位，是从广州通往长江河谷及其以北地区的重要通道。" ], [ "能详细说说赣江在历史上的重要性吗？",