def clean_text(text):
    replacements = {
        ' ': ' ', '‘': "'", '’': "'", '“': '"', '”': '"',
        '&amp;': '&', '&lt;': '<', '&gt;': '>', '&#39;': "'",
        '&quot;' : "'", '&middot;': "'"
    }
    
    for entity, replacement in replacements.items():
        text = text.replace(entity, replacement)
    
    text = re.sub(r'<[^>]+>', '', text)
    text = re.sub(r'\(엔지니어링데일리\).*?기자=', '', text)  # (엔지니어링데일리) *** 기자= 패턴 삭제
    text = re.sub(r'\[국토일보\s.*?